CATALOGUE

BIRDS

BRITISH MUSEUM

VOLUME XIV.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1888.

CATALOGUE

PASSERIFORMES,

PERCHING BIRDS,

COLLECTION

BRITISH MUSEUM,

OLIGOMYODiE,

OE THE FAMILIES

TYRANNISE, OXYRHAMPHID/E, PIPRID.E, COTINGID^,
PHYTOTOMID.E, PHILEPITTID.E, PITTID.E,
XENICIDiE, AND EURYL.EMID^.

BY

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1888.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RET) I.ION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PREFACE.

To accelerate the progress of this work, it has been found advisable
to publish the present volume in advance of the thirteenth. The
manuscript of the latter is in course of preparation, but is not
expected to be completed before 1889. However, as its limits are
well-defined, comprising the remainder of the Acromyodian
Passeres, no confusion can arise from this break in the series of
volumes, and any inconvenience which may be caused by it will be
of a merely temporary nature.

ALBERT GUNTHEll,

Keeper of the Department of Zoology.

British Museum (N. H.),
May 17, 1888.

INTRODUCTION.

My ornithological studies having been principally devoted to South-
American Birds, I had little hesitation in acceding to Dr. G anther's
request that I should prepare the Catalogue of the Mesomyodian
Passeres in the Collection of the British Museum. Of the thirteen
families that belong to this section of the Passerine group, nine are
exclusively Neotropical, and these nine families embrace by far the
greatest number of specific forms, the four Mesomyodian families
as yet recognized in the Old World being comparatively insig-
nificant in point of numbers. My subject was, therefore, sufficiently
familial to me.

At the same time some of the groups to be treated of — I may
point especially to the Tyrannida — are universally allowed to be
amongst the most difficult portions of the class of Birds for satis-
factory determination. I felt, therefore, that in the short time
that could necessarily be allowed me for the completion of my task
I had no easy duty to perform.

The Mesomyodian Passeres, according to Garrod's arrangement,
fall readily into two great sections, in one of which the syrinx
remains nearly as in the typical Oscines, but with a lesser number
of singing-muscles ; while in the other, as first shown by the great
anatomist Johannes Miiller, the lower end of the trachea is specially
modified to form an organ of voice. In the present volume the
forms belonging to the first of these sections (Oligomyodw) are
treated of. They are here arranged in nine families, the first five
of which belong exclusively to the New World, while the last four
are restricted to the three Southern regions of the Old World.

In dealing with the five Neogean families — Tyrannida', Oxy-
rhamphidce, Pipridoe, Cotingidce, and Phytotomida — I have followed
throughout, with very few exceptions, the divisions and arrange-

Mil INTRODUCTION.

nient adopted by Mr. Salvin and myself in our 'Nomeuclator
Avium Neotropicalium,' published in 1873. It would have been
better, no doubt, in some respects to have attempted a thorough
revision of these groups; but I felt that the short time assigned to
me for the preparation of the present volume and the comparatively
little leisure I had to devote to it would not give me a chance of
performing this revision satisfactorily. This, therefore, I must
leave to some younger and better qualified worker to perform.
Nevertheless, after sorting the large material belonging to these
groups now in the Collection of the British Museum, and reducing
them into the order of the ' Nomenclator,' I feel that I have
accomplished a not unsatisfactory piece of work, and one that will
enable the ornithologist of the future, who may wish to take in hand
a real monograph of these difficult groups, to start with much
greater advantage. For myself I am content to have produced, not
a monograph, but a catalogue.

The total number of specimens of Mesomyodian Passeres in the
Collection of the British Museum, as enumerated in the present
volume, is 7360. These I have referred to 665 species, leaving only
38 species recognized as probably valid, but unrepresented in the
Collection. The series of specimens is generally very complete, and
the range of the species is in most cases admirably shown by the
localities affixed to them. For this very valuable feature the
Museum is mainly indebted to the Salvin-Godman Collection, with
its unrivalled set of specimens directly obtained from the collectors.

The number of actual " types " of species in the families treated of
in the present volume is 161, besides which there are a considerable
number of "authentic" specimens — that is, such as have been
obtained in the same locality and by the same collector as the types
themselves, and are accordingly of nearly equal value.

I have now only to thank the many valued friends and corre-
spondents who have assisted me during the progress of the present
volume, both by the loan of specimens for comparison and by
affording me information on difficult points. Amongst these I must
specially mention the names of Dr. G. Hartlaub of Bremen, Herr
August von Pelzeln of Yienna, MM. Alphonse Milne-Edwards and
E. Oustalet of Paris, M. Taczanowski of Warsaw, Hans, Graf von
Berlepsch of Muendcn, Dr. F. A. Jentink of Leyden, Mr. Jouy
of Washington, and Sir Walter Buller.

Mr. <!. X. Lawrence, of New York, was kind enough to send all
his types of Tyrannidce across the Atlantic for examination; and

INTRODUCTION.

Mr. Ridgway, of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, has
rendered me material assistance in working out some of the genera
of the same difficult group.

Finally, I must again ask to be allowed to record the great
obligations which I am under to Messrs. Salvin and Godnian, who
have permitted me to remove to my own rooms and examine the
whole of their specimens before transferring them to the British
Museum. This great boon has materially lightened my labours in
the composition of the present volume, and the same kind indulgence
has been shown to me as regards the remainder of the Mesomyodian
Passeres, which are to be catalogued in the next volume.

P. L. SCLATER.

o Hanover Square.
May 12, 1888.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

Order PASSERIFOHMES.
Suborder PASSEEES.

Division MESOMYODI.
Subdiv. OLIGOMYOD.E.

Fam. I. Tyeinxib*.
Subfam. I. Tjenioptebinje.

Page

1 . Agriorms, Gould 4

1. livida, Kittl 4

2. striata, Gould 5

3. andecola, d'Orb 6

4. moDtana, d'Orb. et Lafr. 6

5. maritirna, d'Orb. et Lafr. 6

6. pollens, Scl 7

7. insolens, Scl, c§- Salv. . . 7

8. solitaria, Scl 7

2. Myiotheretes, Meicherib. . . 8

1 . rufiventris, Vieill 8

2. erythropjgius, Scl 9

3. striaticollis, Scl 9

3. Taenioptera, Bp 10

1 . nengeta, Linn 11

2. coronata, Vieill. 12

3. velata, Licht 12

4. dominicana, Vieill 13

5. irupero, Vieill 13

(i. holospodia, Scl 14

7. pyrope, Kittl 15

8. umrina, d'Orb 15

9. rubetra, Burm 1(3

4. ( tetahodiseta, Cab. et Llein. . 1G

1. i'uruigatus, Boiss 17

2. lugubris, Berl. 17

3. signatus, Tacz 17

4. fusco-rufus, Scl. et Sulv. 18
•"<. Ochthoeca, Cub 18

1. fumi color, Scl 1!)

2. superciliosa, Scl. et Salv. 19

Page

3. cenauthoides, d'Orb. et

Lafr 20

4. poliouota, Scl. et Salv. . . 20

5. leucometopa, Scl. et Salv. 21

6. leucophrvs, d'Orb. et

Lafr. 21

7. albidieina, Lafr 22

8. citrinifrons, Scl. 22

9. pulcbella, Scl. et Salv. . . 22

10. rufipectoralis, d'Orb. et

Lafr 23

11. lessoni, Scl 23

12. poliogastra, Salv. et

Godm. '. 24

13. cinnamorueiventris,Z«/r. 24

14. thoracica, Tacz . 25

15 nigrita, Scl. et Salv 25

l(j. salvini, Tacz 25

17. rafimarginata, Lata: . . 25

18. diadema, Haiti. 26

19. gratiosa, Scl 26

6. Mecocerculus, Scl 27

1. leucophrys, d'Orb. et

Lafr 27

2. uropygialis, Lawr 28

3. stictopterus, Scl 28

4. calopterus, Scl 29

5. poecilocercus, Scl. et Salv. 29

6. consobrinus, Berl. .... 30

7. Ochtbornis, Scl 31

1. littoralis, I'elz 31

8. Sayonds, Bp 32

1. pallida, Sw 32

2. nigricans, Sw 33

3. aquatica, Scl. et Salv. . . 33

4. cineracea, Lafr 34

9. Fluvicola, Sw 35

1. pica, Bodd 35

2. albiventris, Spix 36

3. climacura, Vieill 36

4. atripennis, Scl 37

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

10. Arundinicola, d'Orb 37

1. leucocephala, Linn 37

11. Alectrurus, VieiU 88

1. tricolor, VieiU 39

2. risorius, VieiU 30

12. Cybernetes, Cab. i-t Hein.. 40
L. yetapa, VieiU 40

13. Sisopygis, Cab. et Hein. . . 41
L. icteropbrys, VieiU 41

14. Cnipolegus, Boie 42

1. comatus, Licht 43

i*. nigerrimus, VieiU 43

3. aterrimus, Kaup 44

4. anthracinus, Heine .... 44

5. budsoni, Scl 45

(i. cyanirostris, VieiU 46

7. unicolor, Kaup 47

8. pusillus, Scl. et Sa/v. . . 47
'.'. orenocensis, Berl. .... 47

10. cabanisi, Schnlz 47

11. cinereus, Scl 47

15. Licbenops, Sand. 48

1. perspieillata, Gin 48

10. Muscipipra, Less 49

1. vetula, Licht 49

17. Copurus, Strichl 50

1. colomis, VieiU 50

2. leueonotus, Lafr 51

18. Maclietornis, Gray 52

1 . rixosa, VieiU 52

19. Muscisaxicola, d'Orb. et

Lafr 53

1 . albifrons, Tsch 54

2. alpina, Jard 54

3. grisea, Tacz 55

4. mgrifvovs, P/u'l.ct Landb. 55
■' . cinerea, Phil. et. Landb.. 55
ti. macloviana, Gam 56

7. flavinucha, Lafr 57

8. rubricapilla, Phil, et

Landb 57

9. juninensis, Tacz 58

K). n\i\vertex,d'Orb.ctLafr. 58

11. maculirostiis, d'Orb. et

Lafr 59

12. fluviatilis, Scl. et Salv. . 59

13. rufipennis, Tacz (iO

20. Centntes, Cab GO

1. niger, Bodd (il

i'. oreas, Scl. et Salv 62

21. Muscigralla, d'Orb. et

Lafr G3

1. brevicauda, d'Orb. et

'■■[>''■ 63

Sllbfain. II. PLATYItHYNCHIN^E.

22. Platyrhynchus, Uesm (>4

1. rostratus, Lath 65

2. seuex, Set. et Salv 65

3. flavigularis, Scl 65

4. saturatus, Salr. et Godm. 66

5. caucrominus, Scl. et Salv. 66

6. albogularis, Scl 67

7. mystaceus, VieiU 67

8. coronatus, Scl 68

9. superciliaris. Later 68

23. Todirostruiu, Less 69

1. cinereum, Linn 69

2. sclateri, Cab. et Hein. . . 71

3. cbrysocrotaphum,iSitneA^. 71

4. poliocepbalum, Max. . . 71

5. nigriceps, Scl 72

6. calopterum, Scl 72

7. pulchellum, Scl 72

8. guttatum, Pelz 73

9. uiaculatuoi. Desm 73

10. signatum, Set. et Salv.. . 74

11. schistaceiceps, Scl 74

12. picatum, Scl 74

13. capitale, Scl 75

14. ruficeps, Kaup 75

15. rufigene, Scl. et Salv. . . 76

16. lenzi, Berl 76

24. Oncostoma, Scl. 76

1 . cinereigulare, Scl. 77

2. olivaeeum, Lawr 77

25. Euscarthmns, Max 78

1 . nidipendulus, Max 78

2. zosterops, Pelz 79

3. orbitatus, Max 79

4. fumifrons, LLarit 79

5. pelzelni, Scl. et Salv. . . 80

6. maro'aritacei venter/2' Orb.

et Lafr 80

7. latirostris, Pelz 81

8. gularis, Temm 81

9. rufigularis, Cab 82

10. russatus, Salv. et Godm. 82

11. granadensis, Hartl 82

12. pyrrhops, Cab 83

13. striaticollis, Lafr 83

14. impiger, Scl. et Salv. . . 84

15. inornatus, Pelz 84

26. Ceratotriccus, Cab. , 85

1 . furcatus, Lafr 85

27. Pseudotriccus, Tacz. et

Berl 85

1. pelzelni, Tacz. et Berl. . 85

28. Csenotriccus, Scl 86

1. ruficeps, L.afr 86

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

29. Lophotriccus, Berl 86

1 . spicifer, Lafr 87

2. squamicristat.us, Lafr.. . 87

30. Orchilus, Cab .' 88

1. auricularis, Vieill. .... 88

2. ecaudatus, cF Orb. et Lafr. 89

3. atricapillus, Lawr 89

31. Colopterus, Cab 90

1. pilaris, Cab 90

2. galeatus, Bodd 91

32. Ilemitriccus, Cab. et Hein. 91
1. diops, Temm 91

83. Phylloscartes, Cab. et Hein. 92

1. ventralis, Temm 02

34. Hapalocercus, Cab 03

1. melorvphus, Max 93

2. fulviceps, Scl 94

3. flaviventris, d'Orb. et

Lafr. 94

4. acutipennis, Scl. et Salv. 9-5

35. Habrura, Cab. et Hein. . . 96
1. pectoralis, Vieill ~. 96

36. Culicivora, Sw 97

1. stenura, Temm 97

37. Pogonotriccus, Cab. et Hein. 97

1. eximius, Temm 98

2. ophthalmicus, Tacz. . . 98

3. gualaquizse, Scl 89

4. plumbeiceps, Lawr 99

•'is. Leptotriccus, Cab. et Hein. 99

1. sylviola, Licht 99

2. supereiliaris, Scl. et

Salv 100

39. Stigmatura, Scl. et Salv. . . 100

1. budvtoides, cTOrb. et

Lafr 100

2. flavo-cinerea, Burm. . . 101

40. Serphophaga, Gould .... 101

1. subcristata, Vieill 102

2. albogrisea, Scl. et Salv. 103

3. cinerea, StricJd 103

4. hvpoleuca, Scl. etSalv.. . 104
•5. nigricans, Vieill 104

6. aubflava, Scl. et Sale. . . 105

7. parvirostris, Gould .... 105

41. Anseretes, Beichenb 106

1. parulus, Kittl 106

2. temandezianua, Phil. . . 107

3. albocristatus. Vig 107

4. navircistris, Scl. et Sale. 108

5. agilis, Sel 108

Subfam. III. Elainf.ix.io.

42. ( 'vanotis, Sw 109

1. azarse, Licht 110

Page

43. Mionectes, Cab Ill

1. striaticollis, d'Orb. et

Lafr Ill

2. oiivaceus, Lawr 112

3. oleagineus, Licht 112

4. rufiventris, Licht 114

44. Leptopogon, Cab 114

1. supereiliaris, Cab 115

2. minor, Tacz 115

3. pcecilotis, Scl 116

4. godmani, Sel. 116

0. pileatus, Scl 116

6. amaurocephalus, Cab. . . 117

7. tristis, Scl 118

8. oustaleti, Scl 118

9. tlavovirens, Lawr 119

10. erythrops, Scl 119

11. nigrifrons, Salv. etGodm. 119
4-"S. Capsiempis, Cab. et Hein. 120

1. flaveola, Licht 120

2. orbitalis, Cab 121

4G. Phyllomvias, Cab. et Hein. 121

1. brevirostris. Spi.e 121

2. burmeisteri, Ca6. etHein. 122

3. griseocapilla, Lafr 122

4. berlepschi, Scl 123

47. Myiopatis, Cab. et Hein.. . 123

1. semifusca, Scl 123

2. tumbezana, Tacz 124

48. Ornithion, Hartl 125

1. inerme, Hartl 125

2. jmsillum, Cab. et Hein. 126

3. imberbe, Scl 126

4. obsoletum, Temm 127

49. Tyrannulus, Vieill 128

1. elatus, Lath 128

2. semirlavus, Scl. et Salv. 129

3. brunneicapillus.ZrtWT. . . 129

50. Tyranniscus, Cab. et Hem. 130

1. nigricapillus, Lafr 131

2. cinereiceps, Scl 131

3. vilissimus, Scl. et Salv. 132

4. parvus, Lawr 132

•>. improbus, Scl et Salv.. . 133

6. gracilipes, Scl. et Salv.. . 133

7. acer, Salv. et Godm. . . 133

8. griseiceps, Sel. et Salv. . . 134

9. bolivianus, d'Orb 134

10. chrysops, Scl 135

11. leucogonys, Scl. et Salv. 136

51. Elainea, Sand 136

1 . pagana, Licht 137

2. ridleyana, Sharpe 139

3. gigas, Scl 140

4. martinicn. Linn 141

•">. albiceps, d'Orb. et Lafr. 141

SYSTEM MIC INDIA.

Pase

6. strepera, Cab 143

7. hypospodia, Scl 144

8. taczanowaki, Berl 144

'.'. leucospodia, Tacz 144

10. frantzii, Lain- 14")

11. olivina, Salv. et Godm. 146

12. pallatangse, Scl 146

13. Fallax, Scl 147

14. placens, Scl 148

I"), subplacens, Scl 149

16. cotta, Gosse 149

17. gaimardi, ePOrb 150

18. flavivertex, Set. 151

19. caniceps, Sw 151

20. ruficeps, Feb 152

21. obscura, Lafr. et cFOrb. 152

22. mesoleuca, Cab. et Hein. 153

23. arenarum, Salv 153

24. affinis, Burnt 154

52. Empidagra, Cab. et Hein. 154

1 . suiriri, Vieill 154

2. brevirostris, Tsch 155

53. Legatus, Scl loo

I. albicollis, Vieill 155

•"4. Sublegatus, Set. et Salo. . . 157

1. glaber, Scl. et Salo 157

2. griseocularis, Scl. et Salo. 158
•'!. platyrhynchus, Scl. et

Suit- 158

65. Mviozetetes, .SW 159

1 . erythropterus, Lafr. . . 159

2. cayennensis, Linn 160

•"!. siinilis. Spix 161

4. texensis, Giraud 162

5. granadensis, Lawr 163

6. sulphureus, Spix 164

7. luteiventris, Scl 164

56. Rbyncbocyclus, Cab. et

Hein 165

1. olivaceus, Temm 165

2. sequinoctialis, Scl 166

•'5. brevirostris, Cab 166

1. fulvipectus, Scl 1G7

5. sulphurescens, Spix. . . . 168

6. peruvianas, Tacz 169

7. cinereiceps, Scl I(i9

8. megacepbalus, Sw 170

'.». poliocephalus, 1'eh 171

10. viridiceps, Scl. et Salv.. . 171

1 1, flaviventris, Max 171

Il\ raficauda, Sjnx 172

57. ( ionopias, Cab. et Hein. . . 17-5

1. trivirgata, Max 17-'!

2. Lnomata, Lawr 174

3. cinchoneti, Tsch 174

Tage

58. Pitangus, Sw 174

1. derbianus, Kanp 1 7o

2. sulplmratus, Linn 176

3. bolivianus, Lafr 177

4. lictor, Lie/it 178

5. parvus, Pels 179

6. albovittatus, Lawr 179

7. cauclifasciatus, d,Orb, . . 179

8. babamensis, Bryant . . 180

9. taylori, Sund 180

10. gabbi, Lawr 180

59. Sirystes, Cab. et Hein 181

1. sibilator, Vieill 181

2. albocinereus, Scl. et Salo. 181

3. albogriseus, Lawr 182

60. Myiodynastes, Bp 182

1. luteiventris, Bp 183

2. nobilis, Scl 183

3. audax, Gm 185

4. solitarius, Vieill 185

5. bairdi, (Jamb 186

6. chrysocephalus, Tsch. . . 187

7. bemichrysus, Cab 188

Subfam. IV. Tyranninje.

61. Megarhynchus, Thunb. . . 189
1. pitangua, Linn 189

(12. Muscivora, Cue 191

1. reoia, Gm 192

2. swainsoni, Pelz 192

3. mexicana, Scl 193

4. occidentalis, Scl 194

63. Hirundinea,d'0/-&. etLafr. 195

1. ferruginea, Gm 195

2. sclateri, Reinh 195

3. bellicosa, Vieill 196

64. Cnipodectes, Scl. et Salv. . . 197

1. subbrunneus, Scl 197

2. minor, Scl 197

65. Myiobius, Gray 198

1. barbatus, Gm 199

2. sulphureipysius, Sol. . . 200
:',. villosus, Scl 201

4. cinnamomeus, d'Orb. et

Lafr 202

5. vieillotides, Lafr 202

6. erytbrurus, Cab 203

7. rufeseens, Salvad 204

8. ornatus, Lafr 204

9. stellatus, Cab 204

10. pboenicurus, Scl 205

11. aureiventris, Scl 205

1 2. flavicans, Scl 205

13. pboenicomitra, Tacz. et

Berl 206

14. superciliosus, Tacz 206

SYSTEMATIC INDKV.

15. pulcher, Scl 207

16. bellus, Scl 207

] 7. subochraceus, Scl 208

18. roraimse, <S'«/c. et Godm. 208

19. nsevius, Bodd 20!)

20. crypterythrus, Scl 210

21. cryptoxanthus, Scl 211

66. Pyrocephalus, Gould 211

1. rubineus, Bodd 211

2. mexicanus, Scl 213

.",. nanus. Gould 214

4. obscurus, Gould 215

07. Empidochanes, Scl 216

1 . fuscatus, Max 216

2. fringillaris, Pel?. 216

3. arenaceus, Scl. et Salv.. . 217

4. pcecilurus, Scl. 217

5. salvini, Scl 218

68. Mitrepkanes, Couei 218

1. phaeocercus, Scl 219

2. aurantiiventris, Later.. . 219
•3. ochraceiventris, ( bib. . . 220

4. capitalis, Sale 220

5. atriceps, Salv 220

69. Empidonax, Cab 221

1. fulvifrons, Giraud .... 222

2. albigularis, Scl. et. Salv. 223

3. bimaculatus, d 'Orb. et

Lafr 224

4. oliva, Bodd 224

5. griseipectus, Lain- 225

(>. pusillus, Sw 225

7. trailli, And 226

8. ridgwayi, Scl 227

9. minimus, Bawd 227

10. acadicus, Gin 228

11. difficilis, Baird 229

] 2. flaviventris, Baird 230

13. bairdi, Scl 230

14. salvini, Ridgw 231

15. flavescens, Lawr 231

10. bammondi, Be Vesey . . 232
17. obscurus, Sw 232

70. Lawrencia, Ridyio 233

1. nana, Lawr 233

71. Contopus, Cab 234

1. borealis, Sic 234

2. pertinax, Cab. et Hein, . 235

3. lugubris, Lawr 236

4. braclivrliynchus, Cab. . . 236

5. ardesiacus, Lafr 237

6. ochraceus, Scl. et Salv. . . 237

7. virens, Linn 238

8. richardsoni, Sw 239

!>. brachytarsus, Scl 240

I 7

Page

2. Blacicus, Cab 241

1. b.ibamansis, Bryant .. 242

2. canbasus, d Orb 242

3. hispaniolensis. Bryant . . 242

4. pallidus, Goss>- . .'. 243

5. blancoi, Gundl 243

0. brunneicapillus, Lawr. . 243

7. latirostris, Verr 244

8. barbirostris, Sw 244

3. Mvioehanes, Cab. et Llein. 245

1. cinereus, Spix 245

2. uigrescens, Scl. et Salv. . 246

4. Myiarcbus, Cab 246

1. crinitus, Linn 247

2. cinerascens, Lawr 248

3. nuttingi, Ridgw. ..... 250

4. mexicanus, Kaup .... 250

5. tyrannulus, Mull 251

C». validus, Cab 252

7. ferox, Gm 253

8. cepbalotes, Tacz 254

9. pelzelni, Berl 255

10. phseonotus, Sale. et

Godm 255

11. phseocephalus, Scl 255

12. apicalis, Scl. et Salv. . . 256

13. lawrencii, Giraud .... 256

14. nigricapillus, Scl 257

15. nigriceps, Scl 258

16. atriceps, Cab 259

17. tricolor, Pelz 259

18. yucatanensis, Lawr. . . 260

19. dominicensia, Bryant . . 2<:.0

20. stolidus, Gosse 260

21. sagrse, Gundl 261

22. antillanun, Bryant .... 262

23. magnirostris, Gray .... 262

24. flammulatus, Lawr. . . 263

25. semirufus, Scl 263

75. Empidias, Cab.et hein.. . 264
1. fuscus, Gin 264

76. Empidonomus, Cab. et

Hein 205

1 . varius, Vieill 265

2. aurantio-atro-cristatus,

d'Orb. et Lafr 266

77. Tyrannus, Cuv 267

1. pipiri, Vieill 267

2. verticalis, Say 2( 9

3. vociferans, Sw 269

4. niveigularis, Scl 270

5. crassirostris, Sic 271

6. giiseus, Vieill 271

7. rostratus, Scl ^73

8. magnirostris, d'Orb. . . 273

9. melancbolicus, Vieill. . . 273

BTSTEM ITIC INDEX.

10. apolites, Cab. et Hein.. . 276

1 1. albogularis, Buivn 276

78. Milviilns. Swains 277

1. tvrannus. Linn 277

2. forficatus. Gm 279

Fam. II. Oxyrhaw phid.®.
I. Oxyrhamphus, Strickl 280

1. flarnmiceps, Temm 281

2. frater, Scl. et Salv 281

3. hypofflaucus, Salo. et

Godm 282

Fam. III. Pirn i r> x.
Subfarn. I. Pipkin.*:.

1 . Piprites, Cab 283

1. pileatus, Temm 284

2. chloris, Temm 284

.",. tsehudii, Cab 284

4. chlorion, Cab 285

.">. griseiceps, Salv 285

2. Chloropipo, Cab. et Hein. . . 286

1. tlavicapilla, Scl 28<>

2. uniformis, Salv. et Godm. 286 j

3. holocblora, Scl 287 I

3. Xenopipo, Cab 287

1. atronitena, Cab 287

4. Ceratopipra, Bonap 288

1. cornuta, Spiv 288

2. iracunda, Salv. et Godm. 288 i

5. ( lirrhopipra, Bonap 289

I. filicauda, Spix 289

•2. heterocerca, Scl 289

6. Mi topia, Swains 200

I. galeata, Licht 290

7. Masius, Bonap 290

1. chrysopterus, Lafr 291

2. coronulatus, Scl 29]

8. Metopothrix, Scl 292

1. aurantiacus, Scl. et Salv. 292

9. Pipra, Linn 292

1. annul;!, Linn 293

2. flavicollis, Scl 294

:;. fasciata, d'Orb. et Lafr. 294

1. rubricapilla, Briss 295

"i. chloromeros, Tschudi . . 295
(I. mentalis, Scl 295

7. auric ii ilia, Briss 296

8. leucocilla, Linn 297

9. isidori, Scl 298

10. velutiDa, Berl 299

1 1. cyaneocapilla, Hahn et

Kiist 299

12. ca?ruleocapilla, Tschudi. 300

Page

1 3. serena, Linn 300

14. suavisaima, Salv. et

Godm 300

15. gutturalis, Linn 301

16. leucorrhoa, Scl 301

17. nattereri, Scl 302

18. virescens, P<h 302

10. Neopipo, Scl. et Salv 303

1. einnamomea, Later. . . 303

11. Machgeropterus, Bonap. . . 303

1. regulus; Hahn et Kiist. . 304

2. striolatus, Bonap 304

•'!. pyrocephalus, Set 305

4. deliciosus, Scl 305

12. Chiroxiphia, Cab 307

1 . pareola, Linn 307

2. regina, Natt 308

3. lauceolata, Wagl 309

4. linearis, Bonap 309

5. caudata, Shaw 310

13. Helicura, Scl 311

1. liiilitaris, Shaiv 311

14. Chiromachferis, Cab 312

1 . manacus, Linn 313

2. gutturosa, Desm 313

3. candaei, Parzvd 314

4. flaveola, Cass 315

5. vitellina, Could 315

(S. aurantiaca, Salv 316

7. corona ta, Boucard .... 316

Subfam. II. Ptilochi.ohin^:.

15. Ptilocbloris, Swains 317

1. squamata, Max 317

2. buckleyi, Scl. et Salt: . . 318

16. Heteropelma, Bonap 318

1. turdinum, Max 319

2. wallacii, Scl. et Salv. . . 319

3. amazonurn, Scl. 320

4. stenorhynchum, Scl. et

Salt: ' 320

5. verae-pacis, Scl 3'20

6. virescens, Max 321

7. flavicapillum, Scl 321

8. cbrysocephalum, Pelz. . . 322
It. igniceps, Scl 322

17. Sehirl'ornis, Bonap 322

1. major. Bonap 323

2. rnfa, Teh 323

18. Neopelma, Scl 323

1 . aurifrons, Max 323

19. Heterocerciis, Scl 324

1. Linteatus, Strickl 324

2. Bavivertex, Pelz 325

3. aurantiivertex, Scl. et

Salv 325

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Fani. IV. CoTiNGiDiE.
Subfaui. I. Tityri>.\e.

Page

1. Tityra, Vieill 328

1. cayana, Linn 328

2. brasiliensis, Swains. . . 329

3. semifasciata, Spiv .... 330

4. inquisitor, Lickt 331

5. albitorques, Ditbus .... 332

2. Hadrostomus, Cab. et Hem. 333

1. atricapillus, Vieitt. .... 333

2. niger, Gmel. 334

3. hdmocbrous, Scl 334

4. albiventris, Laior 335

5. aglaise, Lafr 335

6. minor, Less 337

3. Pacbyrhampbus, Gray . . . . 337

1. viridis, Vieitt 338

2. griseigularis, Salv. et

Godm 339

3. versicolor, Hart/ 339

4. surinamus, Linn 340

5. cinereus, Bodd 341

6. spodiurus, Scl 341

7. cinnaniomeus, Laiur. . . 342

8. rufus, Bodd 343

9. niger, Spiv 343

10. cinereiventris, Scl 344

11. polvcbropterus, Vieitt... 345

12. major, Cab 346

13. albogriseus, Scl 347

14. atricapillus, Gmel 347

Subfam. II. Lipauginje.

4. ChirocyHa, Scl. et Salv. . . 349

1. uropygialis, Scl. et Salv. 350

5. Latbria, Strains 350

1. fuscocinerea, Lafr 350

2. virussu, Pelz 351

3. plumbea, Licht 351

4. cinerea, Vieitt 352

5. streptopbora, Salv. et

Godm 352

6. umrui'a, Scl 353

7. subalaris, Scl 353

8. cryptolopba, Scl. et Salv. 354
G. Aulia, Bonap 354

1. hypapyrrha, Vieitt 354

2. nifescens, Scl 355

7. Lipaugus, Boie 356

1. simplex, Licht 356

2. iinmundus, Scl. et Salv. 357

3. bolerytbrus, Scl. et Salv. 357
vol. xxv.

Subfam. III. Attilin^e.

Page

8. Attila, Less 358

1 . brasiliensis, Less 359

2. uropygialis, Cab 360

3. spodiostetbus, Salv. et

Godm 360

4. sclateri, Laivr 361

5. citreopygius, Bonap. . . 361

6. cozumelfe, Ridgw 362

7. spadiceus, Gmel. 362

8. cinereus, Gmel 363

9. citriniventris, Scl. .... 363

10. validus, Pelz 364

11. tbamnopbiloides, Spix. . 364

12. torridus, Scl 365

9. Casiomis, Bonap 365

1. rubra, Vieitt 365

2. fusca, Scl. et Salv 366

Subfam. IV. Rupicolinje.

10. Pbcenicocercus, Cab 367

1 . carnif ex, Linn 367

2. nigricollis, Szvains 368

11. Itupicola, Briss 369

1. crocea, Vieitt 369

2. peruviana, Lath 370

3. sanguinolenta, Gould . . 371

Subfam. V. Cotingen^:.

12. Phibalura, Vieill. 372

1. fiavirostris, Vieill 372

13. Tijuca, Less 373

1. nigra, Less 373

14. Ampelion, Cab 373

1. cucullatus, Swains. .... 374

2. melanocepbalus, Swains. 374

3. arcuatus, Lafr 375

4. ductus, Tschudi 375

15. Pipreola, Strains 376

1. riefferi, Boiss 377

2. melanoberna, Scl 377

3. viridis, cVOrb. et Lafr. 378

4. formosa, Hartl 378

5. frontalis, Scl 379

6. sclateri, Corn 379

7. aureipectus, Lafr 380

8. lubomirskii, Tacz 380

9. jucunda, Scl 381

10. elegans, TscMdi 381

11. whitelyi, Salv. et Godm. 381

16. Cotinga, Briss 382

1. cterulea, Vieill 382

2. cincta, Kuhl 383

3. amabilis, Gould 384

4. ridgwayi, Zeledon 384

6

xVm

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

.">. cayana, Linn

6. nattereri, Boise

7. maynana, Linn

s. porphyrolsema, Scl. et

Dev

17. Xipkolena, Gloger

1. pompadora, Linn

2. atropurpurea, Max

3. lamellipennis, Lafr

L8, Carpodectes, Salv

1 . nitidus, Salv

2. antonise, Bidyic

19. Doliomis, Tacz

1. sclateri, Tacz

2Q. Heliochera, de Filippi. . . .

1. rubrocristata, d'Orb. et
Lafr

2. ruiaxilla, TscA

21 . Iodopleura, Less

1 . pipra, Less

2. leucopygia, Salv

3. isabella% Parzud

4. fusca, Vieill

22. Calyptura, Strains

1 . cristata, Vieill

Page

385
385
386

386
387
387
388
389
389
389
389
390
390
390

390
391
392
392
393
393
393
394
394

Subfam. VI. Gymnodeiunje.

23. Hxeinatoderus, Bonap

1 . militaris, Lath

•J4. Querula, Vieill

1. cruenta, Bodd

25. Pyroderus, Gray

1. scutatus, Shaw

2. granadensis, Lafr

3. orenoceusis, Lafr

26. Cephalopterus, Geoffr

1. ornatus, Geoffr

2. penduliger, Scl

3. glabricollis, Gould . . . .

27 . G vninocephalus, Geoffr.St.-

' IIU

1. calvus, Gmel

28. GvruDoderus, Geoffr. St.-

"Hil.

1. foetidus, Linn

29. Chasniorliynclius, Temm.

1 . niveus, Bodd

2. nudicollis, Vieill

3. variegatus, Gmel

4. tricarunculatus, Verr. .

395
395
396

396
397
397
398
398
398
:J99
400
400

401
401

402

402
403
403
404
405
405

Fam. V. I'hytotomid*.

1. Phytotoma, Moltn 406

1 rain. Molin 4QG

Page

2. angustirostns, d Orb. et

Lafr 407

3. rutila, Vieill 407

4. raimondii, Tacz 408

Fam. VI. PHILEPITTIB2E.

1. Philepitta, Geoffr. St. -Hil. 409

1. jala, Bodd. 410

2. schlegeli, Schleg 411

Fam. VII. Pit'tidj;.

1. Authocincla, Blyth 412

1. phavrii, Blyth 413

2. Pitta, Vieill 413

1. uipaleusis, Hodgs 414

2. soror, Bams 415

3. oatesi, Hume 416

4. cserulea, Baffles 416

5. cyanea, Blyth 417

6. maxima, Miill.et Schley. 419

7. cyanoptera, Temm 420

8. megarhyncha, Schleg. . . 421

9. augolensis, Vieill 422

10. bracbyura, Linn 423

11. nynipka, Temm. et Schley. 425

12. bertee, Salvad 425

13. vigorsi, Gould 426

14. concinna, Gould 426

15. irena, Temm 427

16. crassirostris, Wall 427

17. strepitans, Temm 428

18. venusta, Mull 429

19. ussberi, Sharpe 430

20. granatiua, Temm 430

21. coccinea, Eyton 431

22. arcuata, Gould 431

23. erytbrogastra, Temm. . . 432

24. prcpinqua, Sharpe .... 433

25. casruleitorques, Salvad. . 433

26. kochi, Brugg 433

27. rufiventris, Cab. et Hein. 434

28. cyanonota, Gray 435

29. rubrmucba, Wall 435

30. celebensis, Westerm. . . 430

31. palliceps, Brugg 436

32. mackloti, Temm 436

33. atricapilla, Briss 438

34. muelleii, Bonap 439

35. sanghirana, Schley 440

36. novae-guinese, Midi, et

Schleg 440

37. mafoorana, Schleg 441

38. rosenbergi, Schleg 441

39. forsteni, Bonap 442

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

40. steerii, Sharpe 442

41. cucullata, Hart! 442

42. iris, Gould 444

43. baudi, Mull, et Schley.. . 444

3. Eucichla, Cab. et Hem.. . . 44")

1. cyanura, Bodd 445

2. scliwaneri, Bonap 440

3. boscbi, Mull, el Schleg. . . 447

4. ellioti, Oust 448

5. gurneyi, Hume 448

4. Coracopitta, Sclater 440

1. lugubris, Schley. ... 44!)

Kara. VIII. Xf.xicid.e.

1. Acanthidasitta, Bidhr ... . 451

1. cbloris, Gray 451

2. Xenicus, Gray 452

3 . longipes, Gmel 45l>

2. srilviventris. Pel: 453

Earn. IX. Eceyl je mid^.
Subfam. I. Calyptomeninje.

Page

1. Calyptomena, Raffi 455

1. viridis, Raffl 456

2. whiteheads, Sharpe .... 457

Subfam. II. Euryl.emin.e.

2. Psarisomus, Swains. . .

1. dalbousire, Jameson

3. Serilopbus, Swains. . .

1. lunatus, Gould ....

2. rubropygius, Hodys

4. Sarcophanops, Sharpe

1. steerii, Sharpe ....

5. Eurylasrnus, Horsf. . .

1. javanicus, Horsf. . .

2. ochromelas, Raffi.

6. Corydon, Less

1. sumatranus, Raffi.

7. Cymborhynchus, Vig.

1. macrorhynchus, Gmel

2. affinis, Blyth

458

458
400
460
461
462
462
403
463
465
466
466
,<>
468
470

ERRATA.

Page

22, line 32, for "aMfrons" read " albidiema."
47, „ 4, for " Sericophila " read " Sericoptila."
59, „ 18, for " muculirostris" read "maculirostris."
96,' „ 19, for " Hapalocerus " read " Hapaloeercus."
189, „ 26, for " Milvulus, p. 267," read " Milvulus,
5, ,, 27, for " Attila, p. 359," read " Attila, p. 358
25, for " atreapygitcs" read " dtreopygvus.''
15, for " Melampiiia" read " Coracopitta."
25, for " Sinius" rcoc? " Simus."

449,

CATALOGUE

BIRDS.

Order II. PASSERIFORMES

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1).

Suborder I. PASSERES

(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1).

Division II. MESOMYODI.

Intrinsic muscles of the voice-organ affixed at or

near the middle of the bronchial semi-rings.

(Of Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 507, 517, and Sharpe, Cat. B.
vol. iii. p. 3.)

Scheme of Mesomyodian Passeres.

Subdiv. 1. — Lower end of trachea not modi-
fied ; syrinx as in the Oseines, but with
a lesser number of singing-muscles .... 0LIG0MY0D2E

[(Vol. xiv.).
Subdiv. 2. — Lower end of trachea modified

to form an organ of voice TRACHEOPHONJE

[(Vol. xv.).

VOL. XXV. B

TYRANNIM5.

Subdivision I. OLIGOMYOD^.

{

A. Plantar vinculum lost ; manubrium

forked (Eleutherodactyli, Forbes *).

a. Tarsus exaspidean.
Toes nearly free (as in the Oscines).

Bill incurved, booked .... 1. Tyrannidae, p. 2.
Bill straight, pointed .... 2. 0xyrhamphidse,p.280.
b'. Toes more or less united 3. Pipridae, p. 282.

b. Tarsus pyenaspidean.
Bill elongated, compressed, not

serrated 4. Cotingidae, p. 326.

Bill short, conical, serrated . . 5. Phytotomidae, p. 406.

c. Tarsus taxaspidean 6. Philepittidae, p. 409.

d. Tarsus ocrcate.

Rectrices 12 7. Pittidae, p. 411.

Bectrices 10 8. XenicidaB, p. 450.

B. Plantar vinculum retained; manubrium

not forked (Desmodactyli, Forbes *) 9. Eurylaemidae, p. 454.

Family I. TYRANNIDiE.

The Tyrannidae or Tyrant-birds are a large and much varied
group, numbering over 400 species, absolutely restricted to the New
World, or Nearctic and Neotropical Begions, over every part of
which (except the extreme arctic portion) they are distributed in
greater or less abundance. They probably perform the same
function in the economy of Nature as the Muscicapklce or true Fly-
catchers in the Old World, although they belong to a different series
of the Passerine Order, being at once distinguishable from the
Muscicapidie by their normal first primary (which in the Musd-
capidce is abnormally shortened) and exaspidian tarsi.

More than 400 species of Tyrannidce are already known, and
many more no doubt remain to be discovered, as the more remote
portions of 8outh America come to be investigated. They are for the
most part birds of small size — the largest known species of Tyrant-
birds, such as Ar/riornis pollens and Pitangus sulphuratus, being
scarcely so large as Tardus viscivorus, and the greater number
of them much smaUer. The Tyrant-birds are mostly clad in dull
colours of olive-brown and black, relieved only by shades of yellow
and green ; though there are occasional exceptions to the rule, such
as the brilliant scarlet of the male Pyrocepliali, and the fiery crests
of the Muscivorce. Their generally uniform plumage and similar
external structure renders the discrimination of the species of
Tyrannida and their grouping into genera extremely difficult, and
in many cases unsatisfactory. It must not be for an instant supposed
that the arrangement here employed, which is practically the same
as that used by Mr. Salviu and myself in the ' Nomenclator Avium

* Of. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1880, p, 391.

T-2ENI0PTERINA 6

Neotropicalium,' is anything more than provisional. It is chiefly
hased upon that of the veteran ornithologist Dr. J. Cabanis of Berlin,
as propounded in the ' Museum Heineanum ' and elsewhere. Future
anatomical study on the lines pursued by Garrod and Forbes may
eventually succeed in giving us a much better system than anything
that cau be obtained from the study of the dried skins.

I regret to say that I have quite failed in my attempt to draw up
anything like a key to the genera of Tyrannidae as they are here
arranged. I have therefore given under the head of each genus
some of the more salient points by which its members may be
recognized. Even as regards the subfamilies, I can only offer the
following rather vague sketch of what I conceive to be the best way,
so far as our present information goes, of arranging the principal
groups, which, however, must be regarded as purely provisional.

Key to the Subfamilies.

A. Feet strong ; tarsi stout, eloDgated ;

habits more or less terrestrial ; co-
loration grey, black, and white ....

B. Feet weak ; tarsi thin; forest-dwellers;

coloration olive and yellow.

a. Bill depressed ; rictus bristled ....

b. Bill compressed ; rictus smooth . .

C. Feet strong; tarsi short but strong;

habits arboreal, but frequenters of
more open spaces ; coloration olive,
grey, white, and yellow 4. TYRANNINJE, p. 189

1. TJENIOPTERINM, p. 3.

[p. 64.

2. PLATYRHYNCHINjE,

3. ELAINE1NJZ, p. 109.

Subfamily I. T^ENIOPTERIN^].

The Tceniopterince are nearly the equivalent of the group called
Fhivicolince by Swainson, and embrace the genera with strong,
ambulatorial feet, that frequent open spaces and sides of rivers, and
are not found within the forests. They are met with in such
situations principally in Southern America, being much less frequent
north of Panama, where forms of Tyrannince appear to take their
place, and being only represented in North America by one or two
species.

Index to the Genera.

Agriornis, p. 4.
Myiotheretes, p. 8.

T^NIOPTERA, p. 10.
OCHTHODI^TA, p. 16.
OCHTHCECA, p. 18.

Mecocerculus, p. 27.

OCHTHORNIS, p. 31.

Sayorkis, p. 32.
Fluvicola, p. 35.
Arundinicola, p. 37.
Alectrurus, p. 38.

12. Cybernetes, p. 40.

13. Sisopygis, p. 41.

14. Cnipolegus, p. 42.

15. Lichenops, p. 48.

16. Mitscipipra, p. 49.

17. Copurus, p. 50.

18. Machetornis, p. 52.

19. Muscisaxicola, p. 53.

20. Centrites, p. 60.

21. Mtjscigralla, p. 63.

b2

1. AGRIORNIS*. Type

Agriomis, Gould, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle ,' iii. p. 56 (1841) A. livida.

Tainnolanius, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 138 A. livida.

vrrr

^

Bill of Agriomis livida.

The large size and strong hooked heak of Agriomis readers it
easily distinguishahle. The species are found in the Andes of
Ecuador and Peru, descending to the sea-level in Chili and Pata-
gonia.

Agriomis is said to breed among the rocks, making a deep
cup-shaped nest, and laying •white brown-spotted eggs, like those of
the European Oriole (cf. Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, p. 137,
and Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 532).

Keg to the Species.

A. Tail below blackish.

a. Larger 1. livida, p. 4.

6. Smaller :

( superciliaries whitish 2. striata, p. 5.

j superciliaries yellowish 3. andecola, p. 6.

B. Tail below with apical half of external rectrices

white :

\ larger 4. montana, p. 6.

) smaller 5. maritima, p. 6.

C. Tail below with the external rectrices wholly

white.

c. Body above brownish ash :

I larger ; bill stronger 6. pollens, p. 7.

j smaller ; bill weaker 7. insolens, p. 7.

d. Body above dark ash 8. solitaria. p. 7.

1. Agriomis livida.

Thamnophilus lividus, Kittl. Mem. pre"*. Acad. Petersb. ii. p. 465

(1835).
Pepoaza livida, d'Oi-b. J oy., Ois. p. 351.
Tvranmis gutturalis, Gerv. Voy. Fav., Ois. pi. 11, et Mag. de Zool.

1836, Ois. pi. 63.

* The following species is unknown to me : —

Dasycephala albicauda, Ph. § Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, i. p. 132.
Agriomis albicauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 341 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 184.

Hah. Western Peru.

1. AGPJORNIS. 5

Agriornis gutturalis, Gould, in Zool. Vox/. ' Beagle,'' iii. p. 56 ; Fraser,

P. Z. 8. 1843, p. Ill (Chili).
Agriornis livida, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 196 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 325 ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 41 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1879, p. 609 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423.
Dasycepkala livida, Phil, et Landb. Wiegm.Arch. 1863, i. p. 134;

Gay, Hist, de Chile, Zool. p. 327.

Above cinereous, wings blackish with brighter edgings ; tail dull
black, with narrow external edging to the outer rectrix and narrow
tips to all whitish ; lores and faint superciliaries dirty white :
below rather paler, belly and cnssum cinnamonieous ; throat white,
broadly striated with black ; under wing-coverts cinnarnomeous
white ; bill black, beneath horn-colour ; feet black : whole length
9*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4-5. Female similar

Hob. Chili.

a, b. Ad.sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Capt. Markham ialvin-Godman Coll.

c. c? ad. sk. Chili (Peed). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. Chili (?). Capt. King [0.].
g. Ad. sk. Valparaiso. Zool. Soc. Coll.
li. Ad. sk. Valparaiso. Lord Byron [P.].
i. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.

2. Agriornis striata.

Agriornis striatus, Goidd, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 56 ; Burm. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 459 ; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 356 (Tucuman) ; Scl.
et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 111.

Agriornis microptera, Gould, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 57, pi. xii. ;
Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 185.

Above cinereous; wings blackish cinereous with light edgings:
tail dark cinereous, with a distinct white margin to the external
rectrix, and slight whitish tips to all rectrices ; lores blackish ; short
superciliaries white : below pale cinereous ; throat white, broadly
striated with black ; bill above black, below pale : whole length
9 inches, wing 4*8, tail 4*3. Female similar.

Hab. Argentine Republic and Patagonia.

This is a smaller representative of A. livida and paler in
colouring. The belly and crissum are much paler, and have not the
strong cinnarnomeous tinge which prevails in A. livida.

a. <S ad. sk. Pilciao, Catamarca, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll.

( White).

b. 2 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. TucumaD, Rep. Arg. II. Durnford [C.].

d. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia {Darivin). Eyton Coll.

e. Jr. sk. Port St. Julian, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.].
/. Jr. sk. Port Desire, Pat. C. Darwin [C.J.

(Type of A. microptera.)
g. Ad. sk. Patagonia (?). 'Zuol. Soc. Coll.

6 TYRANNID.E.

3. Agriornis andecola.

Pepoaza gutturalis, d'Orb. el Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 64.
Pepoaza andecola, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 351,

Similar to A. livid a, but smaller : no spots on the head ; lower
parte yellowish, not reddish; colour generally clearer, and space
round the eyes yellowish (d'Orb.).

llab. Andes of Bolivia.

4. Agriornis montana.

Pepoaza montana, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 64 ; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 352.
Similar to A. maritlma, but larger and different in hues ; outer
primaries not acuminated (d'Orb.).
llab. Andes of Bolivia.

5. Agriornis maritirna.

Pepoaza maritirna, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 65 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 353.

Agriornis maritirna, Gray, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 57 ; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 197 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45 ; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843,
p. Ill ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 196 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 325, 338
(Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 185 (Magellan) ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 41 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 609 (Bolivia) ; Durnford, Ibis, 1878,
p. 394 (C. Patagonia) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 (Coquirnbo) ;
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl.viii. p. 137; Scl. et Huds.Arg. Orn.
i. p. 112.

Agriornis leucura, Goidd, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. pi. 13 ; Bridges,
P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94 ; Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459.

Above cinereous ; secondaries edged externally and tipped with
white ; tail dark cinereous, the four lateral external rectrices with
the whole outer webs and about one third apical part of the inner
webs whito, the median rectricos tipped with white : below paler
cinereous, throat greyish white, slightly striated with dark cinereous ;
lower belly, crissum, flanks, and under wing-coverts white, more or
less tinged with cinnamomeous ; bill and feet black ; two outer
primaries in some specimens acuminated : whole length 9 inches,
wing 5-3, tail 4. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated (?).

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.

The broad white ends of the lateral tail-feathers render this
species very distinct. The acumination of the outer remiges only
occurs in some specimens, and is probably a sexual distinction.
^ hether I. montana is distinct is, I think, doubtful.

</. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.].

c, d. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

e. $ ad. sk. Coquinibo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [C.].

/, g. Ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Argentine Pampas (Lei/bold). Salvin-Godman Coll.

*• Ad.sk. Tombo Point, Patagonia. II. Durnford [C.].

j, k. Ad.sk. Port Desire, Patagonia. C. Darwin fC.].

1. AGRIORNIS. 7

6. Agriornis pollens. (Plate I.)

Agriornis andicola, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 78, 92 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 196.
Agriornis pollens, Scl. P.Z.S. 1869, p. 153; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 41 ; itd. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 185.

Above dark cinereous ; head and wings blackish, secondaries
with light edgings ; tail with two central feathers blackish, next
pair with the outer webs white, inner webs blackish ; four outer
pairs white, with a large blackish longitudinal mark on the inner
web of the fourth pair, aud a slight blackish spot at the further
extremity of the inner web in the three outer pairs : below pale
cinereous, throat white with broad black striations ; belly, flanks,
and crissum pale cinnamomeous ; under wing-coverts clear cinna-
momeous ; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 11
inches, wing 6, tail 5.

Hah. Chimborazo, West Ecuador, alt. 14,000 ft.

This is the finest and largest species of the genus, exceeding
A. livida in size, and is easily known from it by its white tail.

rt.Ad.sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

7. Agriornis insolens. (Plate II.)

Agriornis insolens, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 153, et 1879, p. 610
(Bolivia) ; iid. No?nencl. p. 42 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 780 ; Tacz.
Orn. Per. ii. p. 186.

Above uniform cinereous, with slight white superciliaries ; wings
rather darker, with slight whitish edgings to the greater coverts
and outer secondaries : below paler, throat white striated with
dark cinereous ; lower belly, crissum, and under tail-coverts white ;
tail with the four lateral pairs of rectrices wholly white, middle
pair wholly dark cinereous, pair next to middle pair white, with a
broad blackish margin to the inner web : whole length 9 "3 inches,
wing 5, tail 4. Female similar.

Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.

a. <S ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Jad.sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Goduian Coll.
c,d. S2 ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.].

e. c? ad. sk. Paucartambo, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Agriornis solitaria. (Plate III.)

Agriornis solitaria, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 553, et 1860, pp. 78, 92;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 196 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Tacz. Orn. Per.

ii. p. 183.
Agriornis maritima, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (err.).

Above nearly uniform dark cinereous, outer secondaries slightly
edged and all terminated with white : below rather paler, throat

TTRANNIB^:.

white, slightly striated with blackish ; belly whitish, crissum white ;
under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with cinnamomeous ; tail
with the four lateral pairs of rectrices white, pair next to central
pair white, with broad dark margins on each web, central pair dark
cinereous like the back; bill and feet black: whole length 9
inches, wing 5, tail 4.

Hob. Andes of Ecuador.

Readily known from A. insolens by its darker colour above and
below, and the slightly striated throat.

a. S ad- sk. Titiacum, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. d ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Quito. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito (Jameson). Jardine Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmanri). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. h. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. MYIOTHERETES.

Type.
Myiotheretes, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) . . M. rufiventris.

The bird usually taken as the type of Myiotheretes is closely
allied to the Tcemopterae, but has longer wings and a rather shorter
bill. To this Argentine form may be added two somewhat similar
species from the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, although
they are not quite identical in structure.

Key to the Species.

A. Tail blackish, tipped with white 1. rufiventris, p. 8.

B. Basal portion of tail rufous ; no white tips :

I rump rufous 2. erythropygius, p. 9.

| rump brown like the back 3. striatico'llis, p. 9.

1 Myiotheretes rufiventris.

Pepoaza vientre roxiso, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 172.

Tyrannus rufiventris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 93 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 856.
Dasycephala rufiventris, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13.
Tamioptera rufiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 331.
Myiotheretes rufiventris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 190 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1 B68, pp. 138, 141 (Conckitas) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Durnford, Ibis,
1877, p. 175 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 394 (C. Patagonia);
White, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Barrows, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. CI. viii. p. 140 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Om. i. p. 112.
Pepoaza variegata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sun. Av.i. p. 03; d'Orb. Vou ,

Ois. p. 349, pi. 39. f. 2.
Xolmis variegata, Gray, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 55, pi. 11.
Tsenioptera variegata, Burm. P.Z.S. 1808,* p. 635 (Buenos Ayres);
Hitd iow, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 545, et 1871, p. 260 (Buenos Ayres).

2. MYIOTHEBETES. 9

Above and below smoky grey, clearer on the head and breast ;
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous ; wings black,
inner secondaries bright chestnut, terminated with white, outer
secondaries black, tipped with white ; wing-coverts grey, margined
with white ; tail black, outer margins of external pair of rectrices
and tips of all whitish ; two outer primaries emarginated : bill and
feet black: whole length 9-5 inches, wing 6*7, tail 3-8. Female
similar, but outer primaries not emarginated.

Hal. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Patagonia.

a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Bwmeister). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Prof. Bumieister[C.].

d. Jad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres {Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. La Plata. Bravard [C.].
/. Ad. sk. Parana. Sclater Coll.

g, h. Ad. sk. Chili ( ?). Zool. Soc. Coll.

*. Ad. st. Maldonado. C. Darwin, Esq. [C.].

k. Ad. st. Maldonado. Lieut. Burnett and

Capt. Fitzroy [C.].
A Ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.J.

2. Myiotheretes erythropygius.

Tsenioptera erythropygia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 193, pi. 41.
Mviotheretes erythropygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 78 ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 197 ; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 42 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677

(S. Peru) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 187.

Above smoky black, head greyish, clearer on the front : wings
black, with a large white patch on the outer secondaries ; rump
bright chestnut ; tail chestnut, broadly tipped with black, two
middle rectrices wholly black : below bright rufous, throat and
breast smoky grey, under wing-coverts bright rufous ; bill and feet
black : whole length 8-8 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4-1 .

Hab. Ecuador and Peru.

a. $ ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Quito. Gould Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

3. Myiotheretes striaticollis.

Tyrannus rufiventris, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 45; d'Orb. Voi/.,
Ois. p. 312, pi. 32. figs. 3, 4 (nee Viei/L).

Myiarchus rufiventris, Cab. in Tsc/i. F. P.. Aves, p. 153.

Taenioptera striaticollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 193, pi. 42. et 1855,
p. 77.

Mviotheretes striaticollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 197; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42; iid. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 677
(S. Peru), 1875, p. 234 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia )
et p. 610 (Bolivia); Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 532, et 1882, p. 18
(N.E. Peru) ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 187.

Above brown, wings and tail chestnut, edged and broadly tipped
with black : below, throat and breast white striated with black ;

10

TYRANNTDJK.

abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous ; bill and
feet black ; the outer primaries emarginated (probably only in male) :
whole length 8*2 inches, wing 5*4, tail 3'8.

Hab. Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buckle)/).

b. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Bnckley).

c. Ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser).

d. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley).

e. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley).

f. Ad. sk. Medelliu, Antioquia (Salmon),
y. Ad. sk. Bogota.

/;. Ad. sk. Bogota.

i. Ad. sk. Bogota.

k. 9 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela ( Goering).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll
J. Gould, Esq.
Salviu-Godman Coll.

3. TJENIOPTERA. ^

Type.

Ta3nioptera, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825) . . T. nengeta.

Nengetus, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 1G6 (1827) T. nengeta.

Pepoaza, tTOrb. et Lufr. Si/n. Av. i. p. 61 (1837) .... T. nengeta.

Bleckropus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 256 (1837) T. nengeta ( ?).

Xolmis, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 973 T. irupero.

Hemipentbica, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 43

(1859) _ T. irupero.

Pyrope, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45 (1859) . . T. pyrope.

Wing-end of Tcsnioptera murina.

Tcenioptera is a characteristic form of the American Pampas, but
extends as far north as the Amazons and into Chili and Bolivia,
where, however, it probably only occurs in the more open districts.
The plumage is mostly white and black, with slight rufous markings
in some species. The bill is somewhat constricted, the legs long and
strong. The tail is usually lengthened, and square at the end or
slightly forked. A curious acumination of the outer primaries
occurs in the males of several species.

Key to the Species.
A. Breast not striated.

a. Under wing-coverts white.

a'. Lower surface cinereous 1. nengeta, p. 11.

3. T^NIOPTEKA. 11

b'. Lower surface white.
a". Back grey :

| cap black 2. coronata, p. 12.

I cap cinereous white 3. velata, p. 12.

b". Back white :

I tail uniform black 4. domhiicana, p. 13.

) tail white, tipped with black 5. irupero, p. 13.

b. Under wing-coverts cinereous 6. holospodia, p. 14.

e. Under wing-coverts pale cinnamomeous :

\ back cinereous 7. pyrope, p. 15.

I back arenaceous 8. murina, p. 15.

B. Breast striated 9. rubetra, p. 16.

1 . Taenioptera nengeta.

Lanius nengeta, Linn. S. N. i. p. 135.

Xolmis nengeta, Gray, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 54.

Fluvicola nengeta, Sw. Flyeatch. p. 102, pi. 8.

Taenioptera nengeta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 195 ; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 516;

id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459; Scl, Cat. A. B. p. 197; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 97 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 610

(Bolivia) ; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 547 (Arg. Rep.) ; White,

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (Arg. Bep.) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn.

1885, p. 127 (Rio Grande do Sid); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn.

CI. viii. p. 137 (Entrerios); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 114.
Tyranuus cinereus, Vieill. Anal. p. 68.
Pepoaza, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 166.
Tyrannus pepoaza, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 91 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 855.
Muscicapa tjenioptera, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825).
Muscicapa polyglotta, Licht. Doubl. p. 54; Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 18,

pi. 24 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 862.
Pepoaza polyglotta, d"Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 346.

Above cinereous ; lores white ; wings black, coverts cinereous ;
well-marked speculum at base of primaries and edgings of outer
secondaries white : tail black, tipped with whitish cinereous, basal
one third of tail white : below pale cinereous, middle of throat white,
with blackish stripe on each side ; middle of belly, flanks, crissum,
and under tail-coverts white ; bill horn-colour, feet black : whole
length 9 inches, wing 5, tail 3'5. Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, aDd
Bolivia.

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. N. Brazil. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].

e. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Darwin [C.].
/. c^ ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peale [C.].
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T\ Bridges [C.].

I. Ad. sk. Maldonado. Lieut. Burnett and

Capt. Fitzroy [O.j.

12 TTEANNIDJE.

. Tsenioptera coronata.

Pepoaza coronada, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 168.

Tyrannus coronatua, Vieitt. Now. Diet. xxxv. p. 92 ; id Enc. Meth.

p. 855.
Pepoaza coronata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 350.
Tsenioptera coronata, TIartl. Lid. Az. p. 18 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 195 ;

Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459 ; Scl. et Sal v. P. Z. S. 1868,

p. 141 ; iid. Nomenel, p. 42; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 546,

1871, p. 262 (Buenos Ayres), et 1872, p. 548 (Patagonia) ;

Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres), 1880, p. 424 (Salta) ;

Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 138 (Entrerios) ; White, P. Z. S.

1882, p. 603 (Arg. Rep.) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 115.
Xolmis coronata, Gray, in Zool. Voy. ' Beayle,' iii. p. 54.
Muscicapa vittigera, LicJit. Doubl. p. 54.

Above cinereous; rounded summit of head black, broad front
and band encircling the back of the head white ; wings blackish,
upper coverts cinereous, edgings of middle and greater coverts and
of outer secondaries whitish ; tail blackish, margin of outer web of
external tail-feathers white : below white ; under wing-coverts and
a large portion of the inner webs of the remiges, except in the two
outer primaries, white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7"8 inches,
wing 4*6, tail 34. Female similar.

Hah. Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Paraguay.

A species very easily recognizable by its well-marked black
crown.

a. Ad. sk. Paraguay. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. d. c? 2 ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Rep. Arg. Salvin-Godinan Coll.

( White).

e. d ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll.

{Hudson).

f. Ad. sk. Rio Parana. H. Durnford [C.].

g. $ ad. sk. Mendoza, Rep. Arg. ( Weiss- Purchased.

haupt).
h. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll.

3. Tsenioptera velata.

Muscicapa velata, Licht. Doubl. p. 54 ; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 17,

pi. 22 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 859.
Pepoaza velata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 347.
Tsenioptera velata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44 ; Burm. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 516 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 197 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97 ; Scl.

et Salo. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577 (Mexiana), et 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia) ;

iid. Nomenel. p. 42.

Above cinereous, paler, almost whitish, on the head ; lores and
front white; lower back and upper tail-coverts pure white ; wings
blackish, basal portion of inner primaries and secondaries white,
forming a broad transverse white bar on the wing ; tail white, with
the apical ono third black : below pure white ; bill and feet black :
whole length 8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 3-4. Female similar.

Hah. Campos of Brazil and Bolivia.

3. T-ENIOPTERA. 13

The grey back combined with the bright white rump distinguish
this species.

a. c? ad. sk. Mexiana, N. Brazil ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Para. R. Graham [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
/•.Ad. st. Para. R.Graham, Esq. [P.].
g. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

4. Taenioptera dominicana.

Pepoaza dominica, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 170.

Tyrannus donrinicanus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 92 ; id. Enc.
Meth. p. 856.

Museieapa dominicana, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.

Pepoaza dominicana, (VOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 847.

Tsenioptera dominicana, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44 ; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 517 ; id. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 460 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 197; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Scl et Salv. P.Z. S. 1869, p. 633
(Arg. Rep.) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333,
546 (Buenos Ayres) ; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres) ;
White, P.Z.S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg. Rep.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885,
p. 279 (Paysandii) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128
(Rio Grande do Sid) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 139
(Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 117.

Fluvicola azara?, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 53, pi. 10 (cJ )■

Tyrannus albogriseus, Less. Tr. d'Orn, p. 383; Puch. Arch. Mus.
Par. xii. p. 370 (5).

Tsenioptera albogrisea, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 197 ($).

Above pure white ; wings black, with a broad whitish subapical
band across the first six primaries, beyond which the tips are
blackish ; tail black ; beneath pure white : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4*6, tail 4'2. Female similar, but head above and back
cinereous.

Hub. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic.

The pure white body and uniform black tail of this bird render it
unmistakable.

a, b. S ad. ; c. 5 S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

ad. sk.

d. 5 ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. ;/. Jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.l

g. 2 ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hudson),
h. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Alan Peel [C.].

i,j. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll.

k. Ad. st. Maldonado. C. Darwin, Esq.

5. Taenioptera irupero.

Pepoaza irupero, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 171.

Tyrannus irupero, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 92 ; id. Enc. Meth,
p. 856.

14 TYKANNID.3S.

Pepoaza irupero, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 348.

Tsenioptera irupero, Hartl. Ind, Azar. p. 13 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 ;
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 198 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos
Avres), et 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Hudson,
P.Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 546 (Buenos Ayres) ; IVhite, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 139
(Entrerios) ; Scl, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 118.

Fluvicola irupero, Dane. Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 53.

Hemipentbica irupero, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. h. p. 44.

Muscicapa moesta, Lichf. Doubl, p. 54.

Tnenioptera moesta, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 517 ; id. La-Plata lieise,
ii. p. 460.

Muscicapa nivea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pi. 29. fig. 1.

Above and beneath pure white ; wings with the primaries black,
except tbe innermost, which are white at their bases and tipped with
black, and secondaries, which have narrow black shafts ; broad end
of the tail black ; bill and feet black ; two outer primaries acumi-
nated: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3*2. Female similar,
but no black band on the tail.

Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.

The smaller size and black-tipped tail distinguish this species
from T. dominicana.

a. Ad. sk.

La Plata.

Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk.

La Plata.

M. Bravard [P.].

c. d ad. sk.

Cosquin, Cordova, Rep. Arg.
( White).

Saivin-Godman Coll.

d. $ ad. sk.

Catamarca, Rep. Arg.
( White).

Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk.

Paysaudii.

Alan Peel [C.].|
Alan Peel [C.].

/. Ad. sk.

Uruguay.

q. Ad. sk.

Bolivia.

Sclater Coll.

'h. Ad. sk.

Bolivia.

Saivin-Godman Coll,

i. Ad. st.

Bolivia.

T. Bridges [C.].

j, k. Ad. st.

Chili (?).

Purchased.

6. Tsenioptera holospodia. (Flate IV.)
Tajnioptera holospodia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47.

Above cinereous, front and short superciliaries whitish ; rump
blackish ; wings and tail blackish cinereous, tips of the outer
secondaries and outer margin of external tail-feather whitish :
below paler, passing into whitish on the middle of the belly and
crissum ; under wing-coverts pale cinereous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 8'3 inches, wing 6, tail 3'7.

Hab. Bolivia.

The nearly uniform cinereous colour and large size render this
species easily recognizable.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

(Types of the species.)

3. T^KIOPTERA. 15

7. Taenioptera pyrope.

Muscicapa pyrope, Kittl. Mem. pres. Acad. Pelersb. i. p. 191, pi. 10

(1831).
Pepoaza pyrope, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 348.
Xolrnis pyrope, Darw. Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 55.
Tamioptera pyrope, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 198 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili) ; id. Pep. Voy. Chall. ii. p. 102 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; iid. Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of

Magellan) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8

(Patagonia) ; Scl. Pep. Chall. Kip. ii. p. 102.
Pyrope kittlitzi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45.

Above cinereous, lores whitish ; wings blackish, lesser coverts
cinereous like the back ; middle coverts and secondaries externally
edged with whitish ; tail cinereous, outer web of external rectrix
white : below pale cinereous, throat and belly nearly white ; flanks
and under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill and feet black ; two
outer primaries strongly acuminated : whole length 7-2 inches,
wing 4, tail 3-2. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated.

Hob. Chili, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego.

Easily known by its cinereous colour, which is much paler below,
and the pale buffy patch on the flanks and under wing-coverts.
The acuminatiou of the two outer primaries is carried to a great
extent in this species, but occurs only in the male sex, I believe.

a, b. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

c Ad. sk. Chili (Peed). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. st. Chili. Lieut. Burnett and

Capt. Fitzroy [C.].

e,f. Ad. et jr. sk. Chili. Lord Byron [P.].

g. $ ad. sk. Skyring Water, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [C.].

h. S ad. sk. Sandy Point, Straits of Ma- ' Challenger ' Exp.

gellan.

i. Ad. sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. Sclater Coll.

j. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.

8. Taenioptera niurina.

Pepoaza niurina, dPOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 348.

Tamioptera rnurina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541 (Bio Negro of

Patagonia), et 1879, p. 460 (Cordova) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42;

White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg. Bep.); Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn.

i. p. 119.
Pyrope niurina, Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 196.

Above sandy cinereous, whitish round the eyes ; wings and tail
blackish with whitish edgings: below much paler; throat whitish,
with slight black striations ; belly and crissum tinged with ochra-
ceous : under wing-coverts and flanks pale ochraceous ; bill horn-
colour, feet black ; two outer primaries acuminated : whole length
7 inches, wing 4*9, tail 2. Female similar ; but outer primaries
normal.

Hab. Interior of Argentine Republic and Bio Negro district of
Patagonia.

The sandy belly and ochraceous under wing-coverts render this
species easily recognizable.

10

TYRANNID.S.

a. 3 ad. sk.

b. 3 ad. sk.

c. d. 3 $ ad. sk.

e. <$ ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

Cordova (Doering).
Cosquin, Cordova ( White).
Rio Negro of Patagonia

{Hudson).
Eio Negro of Patagonia

{Hudson).
Rio Negro of Patagonia

{Hudson).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Goduian Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

9. Tsenioptera rubetra.

Tamioptera rubetra, Burnt. Journ. f. O. 1860, p. 247 ;
Reise, ii. p. 461 ; Scl. Ibis, 1866, p. 59 ; id. P. Z.S. 1

id. La-Plata

1872, p. 541;

Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 42 ; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541 (Rio

Negro of Patagonia) ; Dumford, Ibis, 1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 394

(Patagonia) ; Scl. et Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 120, pi. vii.

Muscisaxicola rubetra, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 206.

Above sandy brown ; lores and superciliaries white ; wings black,
greater coverts and outer secondaries edged with whitish, lesser
coverts like the back ; tail black, outer web of the outer tail-
feather and tips of others white :" below white, with black striations
on the sides of the throat and on the breast ; flanks, under wing-
coverts, and inner webs of the primaries deep rufous ; two outer
primaries acuminated : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4-7, tail 32.
Female similar, but rather paler above, throat and breast washed
with ochraceous, and outer primaries not acuminated.

Hah. Interior of Argentine Republic and Rio Negro of Patagonia.

The striations on the breast and the deep rufous under wing-
coverts at once distinguish this fine species.

a. 5 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Let/bold).

b. Ad. sk. Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll.

c. d. 3 $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll.

{Hudson).
e,f. d $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Hudson).
(j. 5 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased.

{Hudson),
h, i. cJ ? ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. C. Dumford [C.].

4. 0CHTH0DI.ffiTA.

Type.

Ochthodiseta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48 (1859). 0. fumigatus.

This little group contains the larger and stronger forms of
Ochthceca. It is confined to the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, and Bolivia.

Key to the Species.

A. Above and beneath smoky brown.

a. Under tail-coverts uniform with belly . . .

1. fumigatm, p. 17.

4. 0CHTH0D1JETA. 17

b. Under tail-coverts rufous :

I larger; throat like the belly 2. lugubris, p. 17.

j smaller ; throat pale yellowish 3. signatus, p. 17.

B. Above sinoky brown ; beneath rufous 4. fusco-rufus, p. 18.

1. Ochthodiaeta fumigatus.

Tvrannula fumigata, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1810, p. 71.

Myiobius fumigatus, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 249.

Tyrannus boissoneaui, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191.

Ochthoeca fumigata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, 1860, p. 67

(Ecuador), 1871, p. 749.
Ochthodiffita fumigata, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 48 ; Scl. et

Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,

p. 532, 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 188 ; Berl. et

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 294 (W. Ecuador).

Above and beneath nearly uniform dark smoky brown, slightly
paler and with indications of darker striations on the throat ;
wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts, secondaries, and outer
rectrices slightly edged with pale brown ; whole basal portion of
the inner webs of the wing-feathery and under wing-coverts bright
rufous-chestnut; bill and feet black t whole length 7*5 inches, wing
4*3, tail 3-4. Female similar.

Hab. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. <S ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. h. Ad. sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

j. cJ ad. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

2. Ochthodiaeta lugubris.

Ochthoeca fumigata, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781.
Ochthodiaeta lugubris, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 492.

Similar to the preceding, but with the under tail-coverts pale
rufous.

Hab. Andes of Merida, Venezuela.

This is scarcely more than a local form of O. fumigatus, but
the slight difference appears to bo constant in all the specimens
examined.

a. $ ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

b. cj ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Ochthodiaeta signatus.

Ochthodiaeta signatus, Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, pp. 501, 532; id. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 189.

Similar to O. fumigatus, but much smaller, rather more olive on
vol. xiv. <? o

iO TYRANNID.E.

the back ; summit, of bead darker ; under tail-coverts reddish brown ;
throat pale yellowish ; belly and flanks of a sooty olive, paler than
the back ; middle of abdomen yellowish ; under wing- coverts pale
yellowish; inner webs of the wing-feathers bordered with whitish
fulvous : tail-feathers with the inner webs broadly bordered with
reddish : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3'1, tail 2*7. (Taczanoivski.)

Hab. Central Peru.

Only known from specimens procured by Jelski at Anquimara
and Ninabamba in Central Peru.

4. Ochthodiaeta fusco-rufus. (Plate V.)

Ockthodiajta fusco-rufus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 354, et 1879,
pp. 589, 610 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 190.

Above smoky brown ; wings blackish, edgings of secondaries and
greater and middle wing-coverts rufous, forming two transverse
bands ; tail blackish, outer margin of outer tail-feather and inner
margins of all except the two middle rufous : beneath bright rufous,
throat whitish ; under wing-coverts and whole inner webs of the
remiges except the extremities bright rufous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 7 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3-2. Female similar.

Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

c. $ ad. sk. Paucartambo, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [G.J.

5. 0CHTH(ECA.

Type.

Oehthoeca, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 255 . . 0. ceuanthoides.

Ochthceca contains a group of small-sized species, about 19 in
number, confined to the higher elevations of the Andes from
Venezuela to Bolivia, and having much general resemblance to
6ome of the Mniotiltidce, from which, however, they are at once
distinguished by their ten complete primaries. The plumage is
rather soft and lax ; the habits rather those of the Saxicolte of the
Old "World, as they frequent the more open and higher districts of
the Andes, perching on the bushes bordering the streams, and
feeding on insects. The tarsi are long and slender ; the bill is
moderately compressed.

Key to the Species.

A. General colour beneath smoky brown, more or
less rufous.

a. Belly fulvous 1. fumicolor, p. 19.

b. Belly rufous.

a'. Superciliaries rufous 2. superciliosa, p. 19.

b'. Superciliaries white :

| back rufescent 3. aenanthoides, p. 20.

] back greyish 4. polionota, p. 20.

5. OCHTHCECA. 19

B. General colour beneath cinereous, more or less

albescent.

c. Larger; outer web ofrectrix white :

I -wing-coverts cinereous 5. leucometopa, p. 21.

I wing-coverts edged with rufous 6. leucophrys, p. 21.

d. Smaller ; whole tail uniform dark cinereous.

c'. Front white 7. albidiema, p. 22.

d'. Front pale yellow :

i wings uniform 8. citrinifrons, p. 22.

I wings banded with rufous 9. pulchella, p. 22.

C. General colour beneath cinereous ; breast rufous.

e. Wings uniform 10. ntfipectoralis, p. 23.

/. "VVings banded with rufous :

i head dark cinereous 11. lessoni, p. 23.

| head brownish 12. poliogastra, p. 24.

D. Breast dark cinnamomeous, throat black : [p. 24.

I belly uniform with breast 13. cinnamojneiventris,

) belly blackish 14. thoracica, p. 25.

E. Beneath uniform blackish 15. nigrita, p. 25.

F. Beneath uniform yellow 16. salvini, p. 25.

G. Beneath pale yellowish olivaceous.

g. Throat white 17. rufimarginata, p. 25.

h. Throat uniform with belly :

wings uniform 18. diadema, p. 26.

wings banded with rufous 19. gratiosa, p. 26.

1. Ochthceca fumicolor.

Ochthoeca fumicolor, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 28, pi. 117, et 1871,
p. 749 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 198 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 48 ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.

Above smoky brown, more rufous on lower back ; lores and ex-
tended superciliaries pale ochraceous ; wings and tail blackish ; outer
edges of secondaries, and middle and lesser wing-coverts tipped with
rufous, forming two transverse bands : beneath paler and more fulvous,
lighter and more whitish on the middle of the throat and belly ;
under wing-coverts pale ochraceous ; bill and feet black : whole
length 6-3 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar.

Hob. Andes of Central Colombia.

This is a northern form of 0. ananthoicles, distinguishable mainly
by its much paler and less rufous under surface.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Ochthceca superciliosa.

Ochthceca superciliosa, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 786 ; iid. No-
mencl. p. 42 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 749.

Above smoky brown ; lores and broad superciliaries bright
rufous ; wings and tail blackish ; outer edges of secondaries and
tips of middle wing-coverts rufous, forming a transverse wing-band :

c2

a. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

b. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

c, d. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

20 TTRANNIP^:.

beneath, throat like the back ; abdomen and under wing-coverts
bright rufous ; crissum whitish ; bill and feet black : whole length
G inches, wing 3-2, tail 2'7. Female similar.

Hab. Andes of llerida, Venezuela.

The bright and broad rufous superciliaries at once distinguish this
species.

a. J ad. sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b, c. cf 2 ad- sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Ochthceca cenanthoides.

Fluvicola cenanthoides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 60; a" Orb. Voy.,

Ois. p. 344, t. xxxviii. f. 2.
Ochthceca cenanthoides, Cab. Wieqm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 255; Scl.

P. Z. S. 1850, p. 28, 1871, p. 750 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869,

p. 600, 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 42 ; Tact. Orn. Per. ii. p. 192.
Ochthceca fumicolor, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 79

(Ecuador) ; Sclater et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia) ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 191 ; Berl. et Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador).

Above smoky brown, more rufous on tho lower back ; lores and
extended superciliaries whitish ; wings and tail blackish ; outer
edges of secondaries and tips of middle and lesser wing-coverts
rufous, forming two transverse bands : beneath, breast like the back,
throat more greyish ; abdomen bright rufous ; under wing-coverts
and crissum fulvous ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-3 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar.

Hab. Andes of Western Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

I find that the specimens from Antioquia and Ecuador, formerly
referred to O. fumicolor, go better with the present form.

a, b. cJ 5 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C.].

c. $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

d. Ad.sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. 2 ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Maravina, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sic. Panza, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

i. 2 ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

j. 2 ad. sk. Cackupata, S. Peru. (Wkitely) . Sclater Coll.

ft.Jr.sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

/. Ad. sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m, n. Ad. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.

4. Ochthceca polionota.

Ochthceca polionota, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 599, et 1870, p. 786 ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 533 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 193.

5. OCHTHCECA. 21

Above cinereous, lores and broad superciliaries pure wbite ; wings
and tail blackish ; bend of wing, sligbt outer margins of secon-
daries, outer webs of two outer tail-feathers, and tips of all the tail-
feathers whitish : beneath, throat cinereous, abdomen bright rufous ;
crissum fulvous ; bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing
3-5, tail 3.

Hah. Central and Southern Peru.

The ashy back at once distinguishes this species from the three
preceding.

a. Ad. sk. Pitumarca, S. Fern {Whitely). Sclatei Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad.sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. J ad. sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru ( Whitely). H. Whitely [C.].

d. c? ad. sk. Maraynioc, C. Peru {Jelski). Sclater Coll.

5. Ochthceca leucometopa. (Plate VI.)

Ochthoeca leucophrys, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, 1868, p. 569,
1869, p. 154, et 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750,
1873, p. 780 (Cuzco) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533.

Ochthceca leucometopa, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 19 ; Tacz.
P.Z.S. 1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru); Oni. Per. ii.
p. 193 1 Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 487 (Lima).

Above dark cinereous ; rump slightly rufescent ; front and long
superciliaries white ; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of
secondaries and whole outer web of external tail-feather white :
beneath cinereous ; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
white ; bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2*7.
Female similar.

Hub. Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Chimata, S. Peru {WJiitely). Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru {Whitely). Sclater Coll.

c. 5 ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [0.].

/. Ad. sk. Paucartambo, Peru {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

y. 5 ad. sk. Paucartambo, Peru. H. Whitely [C.].

h. c? ad. sk. Islay, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Islay, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.].

j. <$ ad. sk. Acancocha, Peru {Jelski). Sclater Coll.

A-, I. Ad. sk. Andes of Lima (Nation). Sclater Coll.

6. Ochthoeca leucophrys.

Fluvicola leucophrys, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 60; d'Orb. Voy ,

Ois. p. 345, t. xxxvii. fig. 1.
Ochthceca leucophrys, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 610 ; iid. No-

mencl. p. 42 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (rep. Arg.); Scl. et Huds.

Arg. Orn. i. p. 121.

Above dark cinereous, rump rufescent; wings blackish, cross

22 TYRANNJD^.

bands on wing-coverts and edges of outer secondaries rufous ; tail
blackish, outer web of external rectrix white : beneath pale cinere-
ous ; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts white ; bill and
feet black : whole length 5*2 incbes, wing 3, tail 2-7.

Hab. Bolivia.

At once distinguishable from 0. hueometopa by the rufous bars
on the wings.

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.].

7. Ochthceca albidiema.

Setophaga albidiema, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 8.
Ochthoeca albidiema, Selater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1871, p. 750 ; id.
Cat. A. B. p. 199 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.

Above dark cinereous, head blackish, front and long superciliaries
white ; rump rufous ; wings and tail slaty black, wing-coverts
margined with rufous : below cinereous, middle of lower belly
white, crissum fulvous ; under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill and
feet black: whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-1.

Hab. Andes of Colombia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Selater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

8. Ochthceca citrinifrons. (Plate VII. fig. 1.)

Ochthoeca citrinifrons, Selater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113, et 1871, p. 750 ;
Cat. A. B. p. 3G0 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.

Above dark cinereous, head blackish ; front pale yellow, long
superciliaries white ; rump rufous ; wings and tail slaty black, wing-
coverts margined with rufous : beneath cinereous, middle of belly and
under wing-coverts whitish, crissum fulvous ; bill black, feet horn-
colour : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-3. Female
similar.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador.

Like 0. albifrons, but distinguished by its pale yellow front.

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Selater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Selater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salviu-Godman Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Ochthceca pulchella. (Plate VII. fig. 2.)

Ochthoeca pulchella, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879,

pp. 589, 610.
Ochthoeca jelskii, Taez. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 198.

Above brownish cinereous, lower back rufescent ; lores and

5. OCHTHCECA. 23

superciliaries lemon-yellow ; front dark like the head ; wings and
tail brownish black ; tips of wing-coverts, forming two bands, and
outer margins of secondaries bright rufous : below cinereous, paler
in the middle of the belly ; flanks fulvous ; bill and feet brown :
whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2.

Hob. Andes of Bolivia and Peru.

Most nearly allied to 0. citrinifrons, but readily distinguishable
by the rufous bands on the wing and the blackish front.

«. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of O. pulchella.)

10. Ochthceca rufipectoralis.

Fluyicola rufipectoralis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. An. i. p. 60; d'Orb.

Voy., Ois. p. 345, t. xxxvii. fig. 2.
Ochthceca rufipectoralis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (S. Peru),

1879, p. 611 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Scl. P. Z. S. 1873,

p. 781 (S. Peru) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 194.

Above cinereous, wings and tail slightly darker ; outer web of
external rectrices white ; lores and long superciliaries white ; sides
of head below the eye and chin blackish, breast bright rufous,
abdomen white, flanks and under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill and
feet black : whole length 46 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-4. Female
similar.

Hub. Bolivia and Southern Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Ramosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. 2 ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin Coll.

11. Ochthceca lessoni.

Tyrannula rufipectus, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 296 (nee Lafr.).
Ochthceca lessoni, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1858, p. 554, 1*860,

pp. 63, 68, 92, et 1871, p. 750 ; Cat. A. B. p. 198 ; Cab. et Hein.

Mus. Hem. ii. p. 48 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1879, 511 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru),

1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru) ;

ul. Orn. Per. ii. p. 195 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295

( W. Ecuador).

Above cinereous, with a brownish tinge on the back ; long super-
ciliaries white ; wings blackish ; broad tips of middle coverts, forming
a cross-band, and outer edges of secondaries rufous ; tail blackish,
outer webs of external pair of rectrices white ; sides of head and
chin dark cinereous, throat bright rufous, abdomen white; under
wing-coverts pale cinereous ; bill dark horn-colour, feet black :
whole length 5 inches, wing 2S, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Bab. Colombia. Ecuador, and North and Middle Peru.

Similar to O. rufipectoralis, but distinguishable by the well-
marked band on the wings.

24

TYKANNTD-E.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota.

b. Ad. sk. Bogota.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota.

d. e. Ad. sk. Bogata.

/. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon).

g. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia.

h. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley),

i. Ail. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley),

j, k. Ad. sk. Andes of Quito (Jamieson).

I. cj ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser).

m. Ad. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador.

n. Ad. sk. Ecuador (?).

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salmon [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Sclater Coll.
L. Fraser [C.].
Eyton Coll.

12. Ochthceca poliogastra.

Ochthceca poliogastra, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 123.

Above brownish, head more cinereous ; long superciliaries white ;
wings blackish ; broad tips of middle coverts, forming a cross-band,
and outer edges of secondaries bright rufous ; tail blackish, outer
webs of external pair of rectrices white ; sides of head below the
eyes and chin cinereous ; breast light rufous ; abdomen pale cinereous,
whiter in the middle ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-3 inches,
wing 2-8, tail 2-5.

Hah. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta.

Most like 0. lessoni, but known by its brownish upper surface
and pale cinereous belly.

Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons). (Types of the species.)

a, b. cS ad. ; e. 5
ad. ; d. J jr.

ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.

Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta
(Simons).

Sclater Coll.

13. Ochthceca cinnamomeiventris.

Setophaga cinnamomeiventris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80.
Ochthceca cinnamomeiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, et 1871,
p. 750 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 1B9 ; Sol et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.

Above dark blackish cinereous : patch in front of the eye and
short slight superciliaries white : beneath, throat and crissum dark
cinereous, abdomen dark cinnamomeous chestnut ; under wing-
coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length 5 inches, wing
2-4, tail 2.

Bab. Colombia and Ecuador.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. Ail. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

(/. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

e. 2 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). T. K. Salmon [C.].

g. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

//. Ad. sk. .lima, Ecuador (Buckle;/), Salvin-Godman Coll.

t. Ad. st. Bojrota. Purchased.

5. OCHTHCECA. 25

14. Ochthceca thoracica.

Oclitbceca thoracica, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 133, 533, 1879, p. 232,
et 1882, p. 18 (Pern) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 197 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 611 (Bolivia).

Above and below dark blackish cinereous, patch in front of eye
and slight superciliaries white ; breast cinnamomeous chestnut ; under
wing-coverts whitish; bill and feet black : whole length 4-8 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 2-2.

Hab. Peru and Bolivia.

At once recognizable from 0. cinnamomeivcntris by the black belly.

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

15. Ochthceca nigrita.

Ochthceca nigrita, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 787 ; iicl. Nomencl.
p. 42 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 197.

Above and below nearly uniform slaty black ; short superciliaries
white ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 5-2 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 1-8.

Hab. Andes of Venezuela and Peru.

a. tf ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Jr. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

16. Ochthceca salvini.

Ochthceca salvini, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 324, 752 (W. Peru) ; id.
Orn. Per. ii. p. 200.

Above grey, darker on the head ; front and superciliaries before
the eye yellow, behind the eye white ; wings blackish ; broad tips
of lesser and middle coverts and outer margins of secondaries white ;
tail black, external webs of outer pair of rectrices, and basal portion
of external webs of next two pairs and tips of all rectrices white :
beneath pale lemon-yellow, crissum and under wing-coverts whitish ;
bill and feet black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2- 7, tail 2#4.

Hab. Coast of North Peru.

At once known by its pale yellow under-surface.

a. <S ad. sk. Tuinbez, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. (Au-

thentic specimen.)

17. Ochthceca ruiimarginata.

Ochthceca rufimargmata, Lawr. Ann. Li/c. JV. Y. ix. p. 266; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1880, p. 202 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 196.

Above mouse-brown, rather more rufous on the rump ; wiugs
blackish; narrow margins of primaries, broad ends of outer secou-

20 TYRANNID.K.

daries and of wing-coverts, forming two distinct bands, bright
rufous ; tail dark brown, with slight rufous edgings : below pale
yellowish, throat white, sides of breast brownish ; under wing-
coverta pale yellowish ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-4 inches,
wing 2-."), tail 2*5. Female similar.

II iih. Ecuador and Peru.

The strongly marked wings with rufous bands distinguish this
somowhat isolated species.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c.Ad.sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

18. Ochthceca diadema.

Myiobius diadema, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.
Muscicapa fuscicapilla, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291.
Tyrannula diadema, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191 ; Sol, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Mecocerculus diadema, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199.

Ochthceca diadema, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 42 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511.

Above dark olive, blackish on the head and slightly rufescent on
the rump ; broad front and superciliary stripe yellow : wings and
tail blackish, slightly edged with olive : beneath bright olive, middle
of abdomen yellow ; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill horn-
colour, feet brown : whole length 4*5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2.
Female similar.

Hub. Venezuela and Colombia.

a. Ad.sk. Venezuela ( Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

e,/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

19. Ochthceca gratiosa.

Mecocerculus gratiosus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 113; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 360.
Ochthceca gratiosa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 42 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232 (N. Peru) ; id, Orn. Per. ii.

p. 199; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador).

Similar to 0. diadema, but distinguishable by having the wing-
coverts edged with rufous, forming two cross bars, and the head
not quite so dark.

Hob. Ecuador and Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type of

the species.)
I), r. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. 2 ad.sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia^a/mora). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. MECOCEBCTJLTJS. 27

6. MECOCERCULUS. Type#

Mecocerculus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113 M. setophagoides.

Bill and foot of Mecocerculus leucophrys.

This little group is closely allied to Ochthceca, but distinguished by
its more compressed bill and longer tail. Like Ochthceca, it is peculiar
to the higher Andes.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat white.

a. Tail uniform.
a'. Head olive.

I Rump like the back 1. leucophrys, p. 2/ .

) Rump pale fulvous 2. uropygialis, p. 28.

b'. Head grey 3. stictopterus, p. 28.

b. Tail partly white :

I secondaries edged with rufous 4. calopterus, p. 29.

( secondaries edged with olive 5. pcecilocercus, p. 29.

B. Throat yellow 6. consobrinus, p. 30.

1. Mecocerculus leucophrys.

Muscicapa leucophrys, a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av.i. p. 53.
Muscicapara leucophrys, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 327.
Mecocerculus leucophrys, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199.
Ochthoe'ca leucophrys, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 28, et 1871, p. 1

Cub. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48.
Tyrannula setophagoides, Bp. Act. Scienz. Ital. Mediol. p. 405;

'Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 149.
Myiarchus setophagoides, Pp. Consp. i. p. 188.

60

Ochthceca setophagoides, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48 ; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 18(58, p. 170 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 781, et 1879, p. 611
(Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 42 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Colom-
bia) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana).

Mecocerculus setophagoides, Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 297.

Above olive-brown, darker on the head, slight superciliaries
white ; wings blackish ; broad ends of two rows of coverts (forming
two bands) and outer edges of secondaries yellowish white ; tail

28 TYBANNID2E.

brown : beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat greyish white ; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-5
inches, wing 2-5, tail 2*5. Female similar, but smaller.

Hab. Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela,
and llorainia, British Guiana.

a, b- 6 2 a(l- sk- Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll.

( Simons).

r. d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/, g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

h. $ a(h sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad.sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. d ad.sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

k, 1-6 2 a,h s^- Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

m, n. 3 J ad. sk. Koraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

o. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Mecocerculus uropygialis.

]\Iecocerculus uropygialis, Lmvrence, Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 2G6.
Tyranniscus uropygialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296.

Apparently closely allied to M. Teucoplirys, but distinguished by
its smaller size, light-coloured tail-coverts, and uniform dusky
under surface.

Hab. Western Ecuador.

I have examined two specimens of this species, Mr. Lawrence's
type and an example kindly lent to me by Graf v. Berlepsch.

3. Mecocerculus stictopterus.

Elainia stictoptera, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, pi. 14G. f. 2, 1859,

p. 46, et 1860, pp. 68, 79.
Mecocerculus stictopterus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199; Berl. et Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18

(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 201.
Ochthceca stictoptera, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1875, p. 234 (Merida) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru).

Above dark olive ; head cinereous, superciliaries white ; wings
blackish, tips of coverts with broad white ends, forming two well-
marked cross bands ; remiges narrowly edged with yellowish ; tail
pale brown : beneath white ; breast greyish ; crissum, flanks, and
under wing-coverts tinged with sulphur-yellow : bill black, lower
mandible at base carneous ; feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches,
wing ^-6, tail 2-5. Female similar, but smaller.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Nearly allied to M. leucojyfiri/s, but distinguishable by its cinereous
head and the white colour below.

a.
b.

c? ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

c.
d.
e.

<S ad. sk.
Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

f. Ad. sk.

g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i,j. Ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk.

6. MECOCERCULUS. 29

Riobamba, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

Lloa, Ecuador (Fraser). L. Fraser [C.].

V\m&I.,GujSbqail(Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.

San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

gomez).

Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll.

Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL

Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

Bogota. Sclater Coll.

Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Mecocerculus calopterus.

Formicivora caloptera, Sol P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142.
Serpophag-a leucura, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. .384, pi. ix. fig. 2.
Serpophaga caloptera, Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 271.
Ochthceca caloptera, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru).
Mecocerculus calopterus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W.
Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Pcr.il p. 202.

Above olive-green, head cinereous; well-marked superciliaries
white ; wings blackish ; wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish
white, which forms two cross-bands ; outer margins of secondaries
pale chestnut, forming a broad patch when the wing is closed ;
middle tail-feathers dark cinereous, three outer pairs nearly wholly
white : beneath white, belly, flanks, and under wing-eoverts tinged
with sulphur-yellow ; bill blackish, feet dark cinereous : whole
length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1"8. Female similar.

Hah. Ecuador and Peru.

The pale chestnut patch on the secondaries renders this species
easily recognizable. Its correct position is still, to my mind, a little
uncertain : it is perhaps better placed here than in any other
recognized genus, but the wings and tail are much shorter than in
true Mecocerculus.

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

c. $ ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolz?nann). Sclater Coll.

5. Mecocerculus pcecilocercus.

Serpophaga pcecilocerca, Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. pp. 47, 158; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru).
Mecocerculus poecilocercus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W.

Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 203; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 297

(Bucaramanga).

Above olive-green, head cinereous, slight superciliaries whitish ;
wings blackish, tips of coverts yellowish white, forming two trans-
verse wing-bars ; narrow outer margins of remiges also yellowish ;

30 TYRANNTD^.

tail pale cinereous, inner webs of four external rectrices more or less
wholly white : beneath white ; throat and breast slightly cinerascent,
lower belly, flanks, and under wing-coverts tinged with pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill brown, whitish at the base ; feet brown : whole length
4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2-2.

Hah. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.

Apparently allied to M. calopterus, but without the chestnut patch
on the wings, and with the outer webs of the external rectrices
cinereous.

a. $ ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. J ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salviu-Godman Coll.

6. Mecocerculus consobrinus.

Ochthceca consobrina, Berl. Ibis, 1885, p. 289.
" The back is of a very dark olive-green, the top of the head
presenting a slight suffusion of a dark ashy or blackish colour. The
chin, lores, and feathers round the eye, as well as an inconspicuous
or ill-defined superciliary stripe, appear dull whitish. The ear-
coverts are yellowish olive-green, bordered with blackish on their
tips. The whole under surface of the body is of an intense sulphur-
yellow, suffused or flammulated with olive-green on the throat and
breast. Wing and tail-feathers blackish brown, the latter margined
with olive-green. The primaries, from the third to the sixth, are
margined with rusty yellowish from the base to a short distance
from the tip, while in the secondaries these margins do not begin
until the middle of the feather and extend to the tip itself. The
tertiaries show broader margins of soiled white. The medium-
sized and the longest of the upper wing-coverts are marked on
their tips with large fulvous-yellow spots, presenting two well-
marked bands on the wing-coverts. Bill and feet dark brown, the
mandible paler at the base below. Length of wing 2'5 inches, tail
2-7." (BerlepscJi.)

Hah. Colombia.

The single " Bogota " skin of this species known is in the collection
of Graf H. v. Berlepsch. " The bill is very slender and com-
pressed, even a little more so than in M. leucoplirys"

(. OCHTHORNIS.

7. OCHTHORNIS *.

31

Structure of Ochthomis littoralis.

Under this term I propose to separate a singular species which
Herr v. Pelzeln has placed in Elainea, and I in Ochthceca. It is,
however, I think most nearly allied to the last-named genus, from
which it seems distinct in its much smoother rictus with scarcely
any setae, shorter wings, and shorter tail. In general coloration it
is very similar to Sayornis pallida, but much smaller in size. It is
found in Guiana and Amazonia.

1. Ochthomis littoralis.

Elainea littoralis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108.

Ochthceca muriim, Scl. P. Z. S. 1671, p. 749, et 1881, p. 214 (Brit.
Guiana) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.

Palo brownish cinereous, rather paler below ; cap, wings, and tail
brown ; lores, superciliaries, and throat whitish ; bill and feet black :
whole length 5-4 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-4. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Oyapoc (Jelski).

b. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Broicn).

c. d. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (H. Whiteli/).
e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckle;/),
g. Ad. sk. Rio Javari, Upper Amazons.

Sclater Coll. (Type
of Ochthceca murina.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. W. Bates [C.].

"O^Ous, bank, and opvis, a bird.

32 TYRANXIDJE.

8. SAYORNIS.

Type.
Savornis, Bp. Ann. So. Nat. s6r. 4, Zool. t. i. p. 133

(1854) S. pallida.

Aulauax, Cab. J.f. Orn. 1856, p. 2 S. nigricans.

Tlieromyias, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 68 (1859) S. saya.

Sayornis contains a small group of Tyrannidce allied to Ochihceca,
but of rather larger size, and with a longer and stronger bill, which
has induced the American ornithologists to place them near
Myiarchus. Their water-loving habits, however, as well as their
structure accord better with those of the Tceniopterin.ee.

Two species of Sayornis, sometimes referred to different genera,
are summer visitants to the United States; the others range
through Central America to Bolivia.

The nests of this group are open and cup-shaped, and placed on
rocks ; eggs white.

Key to the Species.

A. Plumage brown ; belly rufous 1. pallida, p. 32.

B. Plumage blackish; belly white.

a. Crissum white 2. nigricans, p. 33.

b. Crissum cinereous :

| wing-coverts dark 3. aquatica, p. 33.

1 wing-coverts edged with white 4. cineracea, p. 34.

1 . Sayornis pallida.

Muscicapa saya, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 20, pi. 2. f. 3 (1825).

Ochthcieca saya, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 255.

Tyrannula saya, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.

Aulanax sayus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1856, p. 2.

Tyrannula pallida, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.

Sayornis sayus, Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 185 ; Baird, Brew, fy Ridgm.
N. A. B. ii. p. 347 ; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 336 ; Blakiston, Ibis,
18G2, p. 4, et 1863, p. 57 (Saskatchewan); Dresser, Ibis,l8QB,
pp. 317, 473 (S. Texas) ; Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 427 (Vancouver I.).

Sayornis pallida, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 127, 204, et 1859, p. 366;
id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438; id. Cat. A.B. p. 201; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 43.

Sayiornis sayi, Coues, Keg (1884), p. 437.

Above pale cinereous, head and wings darker, margins of the
wing-coverts and secondaries whitish : below paler, abdomen
ochraceous brown ; under wing-coverts ochraceous white ; bill and
feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-2, tail 3-3. Female
similar.

Hah. Western and Central North America and Mexico.

a. Ad. sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. West side Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C.].

c. d. (5 2 ad.sk. Fort Simpson, Arctic America. B. H. Ross [C.].
e,/. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N. N. A. Boundary-
America. Comm. [P.].

8. SAYORNIS. 33

g. Ad. sk. Divide Forks, Platte River Salvin-Godman Coll.

(J. G. Cooper),

h. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. City of Mexico (Angelo). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

2. Sayornis nigricans.

Tyrannula nigricans, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.

Myiarchus nigricans, Cab. in Tsc/i. Faun. Per. p. 153.

Sayornis nigricans, Bp. Compt. Bend. xxxviii. p. 657; id. Notes Orn.
p. 87 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296, 1857, p. 127, 1858, p. 457,
1859, p. 383, 1864, p. 175 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 200 ; id. Ibis,
1859, p. 438 ; Sclat. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 183 ; Baird, Brew, et Ridyw. N. A. B. ii. p. 340 ; Coues, Key
(1884), p. 437 ; Ridyio. Man. N. A. B. p. 336.

Aulanax nigricans, Cab. Joum. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2 ; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68.

Muscicapa semi-atra, Vig. Zool. Beechey's Voy. p. 17.

Above dark cinereous, blackish on head, wings, and tail ; outer
margins of wing-coverts and secondaries whitish ; outer web of
external tail-feather white : below blackish ; belly, crissum, and
under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length 6'8
inches, wing 3#5, tail 3*2. Female similar.

Hah. Western and Central North America and Mexico.

a. Ad. sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll.

b. (5 ad. sk. Saticoy, Cal. (J. G. Cooper). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Cohuilla Valley, California. G. F. Morcorn [P.].

d. Jr. sk. California. Lord Walsingham [P.].

e. 2 a<i- sk. Mazatlan, Mex. (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. J ad. sk. Presidio, Mex. (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. J ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mex. (Fenochio) . Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.

j-l. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

m. Ad. st. Mexico. Purchased.

3. Sayornis aquatica.

Savomis aquatica, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 119; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ;

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica).
Aulanax aquatica, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68.
Sayornis nigricans, var. aquatica, Baird, Brexv. et Bidgtv. N. A. B.

ii. p. 340.

Above sooty black, paler on the lower back ; wings and tail
blackish ; narrow outer margins of secondaries and outer web of
external primary white : below sooty black, centre of belly
white, crissum cinereous ; under wing-coverts white mixed with
blackish ; bill and feet black : whole length 6'3 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 3.

VOL. XIV. D

34

TYHAXNIIl.K.

Hull. Guatemala and Central America to Costa Rica.

To be distinguished from S. nigricans by its darker colour and
ashy crissum, and from 8. cineracea by the much less amount of
white on the wing.

a. Ad.sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin).

b. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin).

c. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin).

d. Ad. sk. Guatemala.

e,f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arce).
g. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Endres).

Salvin-Godnian Coll. ) Types
Sclater Coll. \ of the

Salvin-Godman Coll. ) species.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Sayornis cineracea.

Tyraunula cineracea, Lafr. Iter. Zool. 1848, p. 8.

Savornis cineracea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 450, 457, et 1860, p. 68
(Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 200 ; Scl. et Salt. P. Z. S. 1868,
pp. 68, 168, 628 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Wyatt, Ibis,
1-71, p. 332 (Colombia); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201
(Colombia) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 204; Bed. J.f. O. 1884, p. 297
(Tucuman) ; Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121.

Aulanax latirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68; Cab. J.f. O.
1879, p. 335 (Tucuman).

Sayornis latirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200.

Mviarehus nigricans, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 153 ; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235 (Peru).

Above dark cinereous, head sooty black ; wings and tail blackish,
outer margins of the wing-coverts and secondaries and outer web of
the external tail-feather white : below sooty black, middle of belly
and under wing-coverts white, flanks and crissum dark cinereous ;
bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-l.
Female similar.

Hah. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peni, and Bolivia.

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Venezuela {Goering). Salviu-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

f. $ ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

g. J ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 2 ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salmon [C.].

i. <5 ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

k. Ad. sk. San Jos6, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Simons).

I. Ad. ak. Minica, Santa Marta (Joad). Sclater Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Santa Marta. Sclater Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. $ ad. sk. Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

'/. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). T. Bridges [C.].

)■. Ad. st. Caraccas. D. Dyson [C.].

9. FLUVICOLA. 35

9. FLUVICOLA.

Fluvicola, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 172 (1827) F. climacura.

Entomophagus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 781 (1831) F. climacura.

Myiopkila, Reichenb. Av. S. N. t. lxvii. (1850) F. pica (?).

This little group of four species is peculiar to South America,
where these birds inhabit the pampas, llanos, and more open
spaces, generally resorting to the vicinity of water. The plumage
is black and white. The conformation is generally that of Sayornis,
but it has longer and stronger feet and a longer bill. The rietal
setae are few and slight. The sexes are similar.

Key to the Species.

A. Back of head black :

{scapularies white 1. pica, p. 35.

scapularies black 2. albiventris, p. 36.

B. Back of head white :

j under wing-coverts cinereous 3. climacura, p. 36.

| under wing-coverts white 4. atripennis, p. 37.

1. Fluvicola pica.

Gobemouche Pie de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 675. fig. 1.

Muscicapa pica, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 42 (1783).

Muscicapa bicolor, Gm. S. N. i. p. 946.

Platvrhvnchus bicolor, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 13 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p.*837.
Fluvicola bicolor, Cab. in Sehomb. Guian. iii. p. 703 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 195.
Fluvicola pica, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148; id. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Cab.

et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 40 ; Pelz. Oni. Bras. p. 97 ; Taylor, Ibis,

1864, p. 85 (Trinidad) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Ucayali),

>P-
(Colombia) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 ( Brit. Guiana) ; id. Cat. Strickl.
Coll. p. 297; Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 205.

Above white ; back of head and middle of back, except rump,
black : wings and tail black ; scapularies, outer edge of secondaries,
and ends of rectrices white : below white ; bill and feet black :
whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-2. Female similar.

Hob. Cayenne, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia.

a. Ad. sk. George Town, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Broivn).

b. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

c. cJ ad. sk. Cayenne. Jardine Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Surinam. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. 3 ad.sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.].
.17. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

36

TrRANNIDiE.

h. Ad. st.
i. Jr. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
7c Ad. st.

Bogota.
Bogota.
S. America.
Cayenne.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

Purchased.

2. Fluvicola albiventris.

Muscicapa albiventer, Spi.r, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pi. 30. f. 1, 2.
Fluvicola albiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 200 ; Cab. et Ilein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 40 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97;

Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 577, 594, 978

(Lower Amazons), 1869, p. 633 (Arg. Rep.), et 1879, p. 611

(Bolivia); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 113 (Buenos Ayres) ;

Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 59 (Buenos Ayres), et 1880, p. 418

(Tucuman) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121.
Fluvicola bicolor, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 343; Bunn. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 520.

Above black ; front half of bead, narrow band across the rump,
and slight edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries white ;
beneath white ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-5 inches, wing
2-8, tail 2-2. Female similar.

Hab. Amazonia. Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentine Republic.

Distinguished from F. pica by its narrow white rump-band, and,
with this exception, wholly black back.

a. Ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons

( Wallace).

b. 5 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (HauxwelP).

c. d. Ad. sk. Bolivia.

e. c? ad. sk. Belo-rano, Buenos Ayres.
/. Ad. st. Bolivia.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
H. Durnford [C.].
T. Bridges [C.].

3. Fluvicola climacura.

(Enanthe clymazura, Vie ill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 255, pi. 157.

Muscicapa nengeta, Licht. Doitbl. p. 56.

Muscicapa mystax, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pi. 31«. f. 2.

Muscicapa mystacea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 22.

Fluvicola cursoria, Siv. Zool. III. pi. 46.

Entomopha^us mystaceus, 3Iax. Beitr. hi. p. 782.

Platyrhynchus pseudogillia, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 101.

Fluvicola mystacea, Bunn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 519.

Fluvicola ciimacura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 40 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 201 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97 ; Scl. et. Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ;

Forbes, Ibis, 1881, pp. 315, 340 (N.E. Brazil).

Above white ; stripe through the eye and back, except rump, pale
cinereous ; wings black ; tail black, broadly tipped with white :
beneath white ; under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1-5. Female similar.

Hah. Eastern Brazil.

10. ARUNDINICOLA. 37

a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Pernambuco {Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

g. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

4. Fluvicola atripennis.

Fluyicola atripennis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 280 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 201 ; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 319,
325 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 206 ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 553 (W. Ecuador).

Similar to F. dimacura, but under wing-coverts white, not black,
and wings exteriorly blacker.

Hab. Western Ecuador and Peru.

a, b. £ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (F?-aser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

c. 3 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (F-aser). L. Fraser [C.].

d, e. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ffomez).

10. ARUNDINICOLA.

Type-

Arundinicola, d Orb. T oy., Ois. p. 334 (1839) A. leucocephala.

Myiophila, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvii. (1850). .A. leucocephala*

This monotypic form has much of the structure of Fluvicola, but
has a stronger bill and shorter wing. It is a marsh-loving bird, and
is found in suitable localities all over South America from Colombia
to Brazil. The sexes are different.

1. Arundinicola leucocephala.

Pipra leucocephala, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340.

Muscicapa dominicana, Spin, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pi, 29. f, 2.

Muscicapa leucocephala, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 822.

Arundinicola leucocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 194 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 334; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii.
p. 512 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201 ; Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 43 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (E. Peru) ; 1869, p. 252
(Venezuela), 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 611 (Bolivia) ;
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341
(N.E. Brazil) ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 437 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291
(Brit. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 207; Scl.et Huds. Arg. Orn.
i. p. 122.

Mionectes leucocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 148.

Dixiphia leucocephala, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41.

Black ; whole head and neck and a patch on the flanks white ;
bill horn-colour, base of lower mandible white ; feet black : whole

Cf. Gray, List of Gen. (1855), p. 48,

33

TYRANXIDiE.

length 5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*8. Female. Above cinereous, front
and sides of head whitish ; tail black : beneath white ; flanks and
under wing-coverts cinerascent.

Hab. Colombia and southwards to Bolivia and Argentina.

a. 3 ad. sk.

b. 3 ad. sk.

c. 2 ad. sk.

d. 2 ad- sk.
e,f. 3 2 ad. sk.

g. 3 ad. sk.
'/(, i. 3 2 ad- sk.
j, k. 3 $ ad. sk.
/, m. 3 ad. et 3 jr.

sk.
n. 3 ad- sk.

o. 3 ad. sk.
p, q. 3 ad. sk.

Bogota.

Valencia, Venezuela ( Goeriny).

Manilla, Venezuela (Goerinr/).

Cayenne.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell).
Pernambuco (Forbes)
Bahia ( Wucherer).
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.
Brazil.

Salvin-Godruan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godnian Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Goduian Coll.

Salvm-Godroan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
yalvin-Godruan Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater CoU.
J. Goidd, Esq.

11. ALECTRURUS.

Type.

Alectrurus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39 (1816) A. tricolor.

Gallita, Vieill. Analyse, p. 68 (1816) A. tricolor.

Xenurus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 973 , A. tricolor.

Yetapa, Less. Tr. aV Orn. p. 387 (1831) A . risorius.

Psalidura, Gloger, Hand. u. Hilfsb. p. 326 (1842) .... A. risorius.

Alectrurus embraces two species, peculiar to the pampas-district
of South America (from S.E. Brazil to the middle of the Argentine
Republic), and at once known by the extraordinary development
of the outer rectrices in the male, which, however, is very different
in the two species. In A. tricolor this peculiar rectrix is only
moderately lengthened, but also laterally developed by the extreme
elongation of the web of the inner vane. In A. risorius it is

Head of Alectrurus risorius 3 ■

enormously lengthened to nearly four times the length of the normal
feathers ; its base is denuded on both sides, and beyond the naked
base the inner web only is much developed, the outer web being

11. ALECTRFEUS. 39

hardly apparent. In both species the outer primary is abnormally
shortened, and terminates in the male in a pointed end turning
inwai'ds. In A. risorius the male in the breeding-season altogether
loses the feathers on the throat and sides of the head below the
eyes, and the naked skin becomes of a bright orange colour (see
ex. c). (Cf. Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. ii. p. 140.)

Key to the Species.

A. Smaller ; black breast-collar imperfect ; external

rectrix of male slightly elongated and broadened 1. tricolor, p. 39.

B. Larger ; black breast-collar broad ; external rectrix

of male much elongated, not broadened 2. risorius, p. 39.

1. Alectrurus tricolor.

Gallito, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 240.

Alectrurus tricolor, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. p. 408; id. Enc. Metk. p. 860 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; a" Orb. Vol/., Ois. p 341; Burin. Si/st. Ueb. ii.

p. 511 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; Scl et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 611 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Scl. et Huds.

Arg. Orn. i. p. 122.
Alectura azara?, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 96, pi. 6.
Muscicapa alector, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 874 ; Licht. Doubl. p. 53 ;

Temm.Pl. Col. 155.
Muscicapa alectrura, Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 211, pi. 132.
Gallita tricolor, Vieill. Anal. p. 68.
Alectrurus alector, Less. Tr. cF Orn. i. p. 387.

Above black ; rump greyish ; sides of the head, scapularies, lesser
wing-coverts, and outer margins of secondaries white ; tail black,
outer rectrix on each side produced, expanded, fan-shaped : beneath
white, patch on each side of the breast forming an incomplete collar,
black ; bill horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 7"2 inches,
wing 2-8, tail, outer rectr. 2-5, middle rectr. 1-5. Female. Above
brown ; rump and lesser wing-coverts pale : beneath dirty white ;
sides of breast brown ; tail short and even.

Hah. Pampas of South Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine
Republic.

a, b. $ ad. ; c. 2 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salviu-Godman Coll.

ad. sk. Brazil (Joyner).

d,e.(S 2 ad. ;/. ? Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

y. 3 jr. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

h. c? ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

k, I. S ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.

m, n. Ad. st. Brazil. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.].

2. Alectrurus risorius.

Cola rara pardo y bianco, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 244.

Le guira-yetapa, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 409; id. Enc. Meth. p. 861.

Muscicapa risoria, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 209, pi. 131 (1825).

40 TYRANNIDJE.

Alectrurus risorius, Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 122.

Alectrurus guira-yetapa, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (1837);
d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 342; Gray in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,'1 p. iii. p. 51 ;
Bp. Gonsp. i. p. 194 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 98; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; Durnford, Pbis, 1878, p. 60
(Buenos Ayres) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 140
(Entrerios) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Paysandii).

Muscicapa psalura, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 877 ; femm. PL Col. 286, 296.

Yetapa psalura, Less. Tr. (TOm. i. p. 387.

Psalidura guirayetapa, Cab. et Heine^Mus. Hein. ii. p. 43.

Alectrurus psalurus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 510 ; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 457.

Above black, rump grey ; front varied with white ; wings black ;
scapularies, outer margins of wing-feathers, and coverts white ;
tail black ; two outer rectrices much elongated, denuded at the
base, with a broad inner and no outer vane : beneath white, broad
band across the breast black ; throat in the breeding-season bare of
feathers and of a bright orange ; bill yellowish ; feet black : whole
length 11 inches, wing 3, tail, outer rectr. 8, middle 2. Female.
Above brown, wings varied with white; sides of head white:
beneath white, breast-band pale brown ; tail with the two outer
rectrices slightly elongated and denuded, terminated with spalla-
tions on the inner vane.

Hub. Pampas of Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic.

a. d ad. sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll.

b. J ad. sk. Maldonado. Capt. Fitzroy [P.].
v. d ad. sk. Paysandii, Uruguay (Gibson). Sclater Coll.

o. Jr. sk. Lugan Bridge, Buenos Ayres. II. Durnford [C.].

12. CYBERNETES. „_

Type.

Gubernetes, Such, Zool. Joum. ii. p. 114 (1825) C. yetapa.

Cybernetes, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859) C. yetapa.

This monotypic form, although obviously allied to the preceding,
is at once recognizable by its peculiar elongated and much graduated
tail, of much stiffened feathers. It inhabits the pampas-districts of
S.E. Brazil and the adjoining countries, extending into the north of
the Argentine Republic.

1. Cybernetes yetapa.
Yiperu, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 322.
Muscicapa yetapa, Weill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 460 (1818) : id. Enc.

Meth. p. 834. '

Tyranmis bellulus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 75 (1819) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 846 ; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 360.
Muscicapa yiperu, Licht. Doubl. p. 52.
Muscicapa longicauda, Spix,Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, pi. 17.
Gubernetes cunningharoii, Such, Zool. Joum. ii. p. 1 14, pi. 4.

13. SI80PTGTS. 41

Gubernetes forficatus, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 92, pi. 5.

Tyrannus cunninghamii, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 882.

Gubernetes yiperu, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 5 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 509.
Alectrurus yetapa, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 342.

Cvbernetes yetapa, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
"p. 203 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99 ; Scl. et Salo. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 611

(Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; White, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 604

(Misiones) ; Scl. et Huds. Ary. Orn. i. p. 124.

Above hoary grey, with lineiform blackish shaft-stripes ; wings
black, with a large chestnut-brown patch occupying the outer webs
of the inner primaries ; tail of twelve much graduated feathers,
black ; outer web of external rectrix white : beneath as above but
rather paler ; throat and crissum white ; patch on each side of the
neck and collar across the neck dark chestnut-brown ; under wing-
coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers white ; bill pale brown,
feet black : wbole length 16 inches, wing 5, tail, ext. rectr. 12*5,
middle 2*6. Female similar, not quite so bright.

Bab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern part of La
Plata.

a. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer'). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. S ad. sk. Misiones, Arg. Rep. ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

13. SISOPYGIS.

Type-

Sisopygis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46 (1859) . . S. icterophrys.

A single species, of abnormal colouring for this group of the Ty-
rannidce, but usually referred here, forms the type and only known
specks of Sisopygis, so called from its superficial resemblance to
Motacilla. Sisopygis builds in bushes, makes an open nest, and lays
3 or 4 white eggs spotted, mostly at the larger end, with reddish
{d'Orb.).

1. Sisopygis icterophrys.

Suiriri obscuro y arnarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 118.

Muscicapa ieterophrvs, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 458 ; id. Enc. Meth

p. 832.
Muscicapa ckrysochloris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 793.
Suiriri icterophrys, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 338; Strickl. Ann. &• Man.

N. H. xiii. p. 414, pi. 12 (1844).
Tsenioptera icterophrys, Bttrm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 518 ; id. La-Plata

Reise, ii. p. 460.
Fluvicola icterophrys, Bp. Consp. p. 195; Baric. Zool. Voy. 'Beayle,'

iii. p. 53.
Tyrannus cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 151, pi. 8. f. 2.
Sisopygis icterophrys, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 202 ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 43 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos Avres) ; Dnrnford,

42

TVUANNin.T..

Ibis, 1870, p. 159, 1877, p. 176, et 1880, p. 410 (Buenos Ayres) ;
Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 29 (Buenos Avres) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 004 (Arg. Rep.) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Om. 1885, p. 128
(Rio Grande do Sul) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Om. CI. viii. p. 141
(Entrerios) ; Sol. et Suds. Arg. Om. i. p. 125.

Above bright olive-green, head rather greyish, lores and super-
ciliary stripe yellow ; wings blackish, broad ends of coverts and
outer edges of secondaries dirty white ; tail blackish : beneath bright
yellow, sides of breast and flanks olivaceous ; under wing-coverts
whitish ; bill dark horn-colour, feet black : whole length 6*1 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 2-7. Female similar, but not quite so bright.

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern La Plata, and
highlands of Bolivia and Peru.

a. Ad. st. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Purchased.

d. e. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).

f, ff. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

h, i. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

J. Ad. st. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].

k. 2 Ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hudson).

I. Ad. sk. Uruguay (?). C. Darwin [C.].

14. CNIPOLEGUS.

Type.

Knipolegus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 073 C. comatus.

Ada, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 388 (1831) C. nigerrimus.

Sericoptila, Bp. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. i. p. 134

(1854) C. cyanirostris *.

This is a well-marked group of about eleven species, in which the
males are mostly of a nearly uniform, more or less shining black
or cinereous, and the females generally brown and variegated. The
genus is most highly developed in the pampas-districts of the South,
but one or two smaller species range up to the Orinoco.

Key to the Species.
A. General colour black.

a. Crested : size larger.

1 Sexes alike ; size larger 1. comatus, p, 43.

I Sexes different ; size smaller 2. nigerrimus, p. 43.

b. Not crested : size smaller.

a'. Inner webs of primaries white.
a2. "White of primaries more definite :

larger : wing 3-5 4. anthracinus, p. 44.

middle : wing 33 3. aterrimus, p. 44.

. smaller : wing 2-8 5. hudsoni, p. 45.

b2. White on primaries less definite .... 6. cyanirostris, p. 46.

Cf. Gray's Cat. of Gen. (1855), p. 145.

14. CNIPOLEGUS. 43

b' . Inner webs of primaries dark slato-
colour :

[ larger : outer primaries normal ._. 7. unicolor, p. 47.
smaller : outer primaries acumi-
nated 8. pusillus, p. 47.

B. General colour slaty or grey : -at

c. Olivaceous slaty; wing 34 9. orenocensis, p. 4/ .

d. Cinereous :

J larger : wing 3-0 10. cabamsi, p. 47.

I smaller : wing 22 11. cinereus, p. 47.

1. Cnipolegus comatus.

Muscicapa comata, LicM. Doubly. 55; Max. JBeitr. iii. p. 819.
Knipolegus lopkotes, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 973.
Muscicapa galeata, Spia; Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pi. 27 ( g ). ^
Blechropus cristatus, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch.-p. 99, pi. 7.
Cnipolegus comatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 195 ; Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853,

p. 29 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 513 ; Heine, Journ. f. Orn. 1859,

p. 330 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 202 ;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Bed. et Jher.

Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Crested ; uniform glossy black ; wings and tail brownish, margined
with black ; large patch occupying the bases of the inner webs of the
wing-feathers white ; bill and feet black : whole length 8-5 inches,
wing 4-8, tail 4. Female similar.

Hab. Campos of S.E. Brazil.

The large size and crested head render this fine species easily re-
cognizable. The sexes are similar (cf. v. Pelzeln, op. cit.).

a. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b, c. <S 2 ad- sk- Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Joyner).

d. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
/. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Cnipolegus nigerrimus.

Muscicapa nigerrima, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 453 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 828.
Muscicapa galeata, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p.* 20, pi. 28 ( 5 )■
Ada nigerrima, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 388 ( J ), et A. rufogularis, Less.

ibid. (§).
Cnipolegus lafresnayi, Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 29 (jr.).^
Cnipolegus nigerrimus, Heine, Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 332 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 202: Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 43.
Sericoptila nigerrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 4, .

Sub-crested : uniform black ; a large patch on the lower halves
of the inner webs of the wing-feathers white ; bill plumbeous, feet
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-3. Female similar, but
throat striated with rufous.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

44 TYRANNISE.

The lessor crost, smaller size, and shorter plumbeous bill serve to
distinguish this species from C. comatus. As regards the curious
sexual difference of the female cf. Pelzeln, op. cit.

a. J ad. st.

Brazil.

Purchased.

b, c. 3 $ ad. sk.

S. Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

d, «• J? ad. sk.

Brazil.

Jardine Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

g, h. 3 2 ad. sk.

Brazil.

M. Claussen [P.].

i. 2 ad. sk.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

j, k. 3 ad. sk.

• Brazil.

Purchased.

3. Cnipolegus aterrimus.

Fluvicola nigerrima, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 59.

Ada nigerrima, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 340.

Cnipolegus aterrimus, Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 29; Heine,

J.f. 0. 1859, p. 334 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 202 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 43.
Sericoptila aterrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46.
Cnipolegus anthracinus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 ; id. Orn. Per.

ii. p. 208 ( cJ ) P

Uniform dull black ; a broad bar across the bases of the inner
webs of the wing-feathers white ; bill plumbeous ; feet black : whole
length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-9. Female. Ashy brown, rump and
upper tail-coverts bright rufous ; wings blackish, ends of coverts
(forming two bands) and outer margins of secondaries white ; bases
of the outer webs of the primaries rufous ; tail, apical portion
blackish, basal portion bright rufous, like the tail-coverts : below
pale fulvous, whiter on the belly ; bill and feet black.

Hah. Bolivia.

n, b. $ 5 ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. 3 $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

e,f. 3 2 a(i' sk. ; Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Jr. sk.

h. $ ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

i. 3 ad. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.

/. J ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

k, I. 3 2 ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.

m, n. 2 ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

o. Ad. st. Bolivia. • T. Bridges [C.].

4. Cnipolegus anthracinus.

Cnipolegus anthracinus, Heine, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 334 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 43; Cab. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 197 (Cordova) ; Scl. et Huds.

Arg. Orn. i. p. 126.
Cnipolegus aterrimus, White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 ; Salv. Ibis, 1880,

p. 356 (Salta).
Myiarchus fasciatus, Leybold, J.f. O. 1865, p. 402 ( 2 ) ; cf. Cab. J.f. O.

1878, p. 197.
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 457.

i4. CNIPOLEGUS.

45

Similar to C. aterrimus, but rather larger, and the white bar
across the under surface of the wing rather wider : whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3.

Hab. Northern part of Argentine Eepublic.

I suppose this to be the Cnipolegus anthracinus of Heine, as
subsequently explained by Cabanis ; the bird assigned to it (doubt-
fully) as its female by Heine belonging (probably) to G. nigerrimus.
The female of the present species is just liko that of C. aterrimus,
and I consider it somewhat doubtful whether the two forms are
really distinct.

a, b. $ J ad. sk.

c. J ad. sk.

d, e. c? 5 ad. sk.

/ S ad. sk.
(/. <$ ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j, k. tS $ ad. sk.

I. 3 ad. sk.
m. 5 ad. sk.
n. c? ad. sk.

Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weiss-

haupt).
Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weiss-

haupt).
Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weiss-

haupf).
Mendoza (Burmeister).
Mendoza (Burmeister).
Mendoza.
Mendoza.
Pampas of Argentine Rep.

(Leybold).
Cordova, rep. Arg. (Schulz).
Salta, rep. Arg.
Argentine Republic.

Salvin-Godnian Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Durnford [C.].
T. Bridges [C.].

5. Cnipolegus hudsoni.

Bill, toot, and under surface of left wing of Cnipolcyits hudsoni.
(FroiuP.Z.S. 1S72, p. 542.)

4G TTRANNID.E.

Cnipolegus hudsoni, Scl. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541, pi. xxxi. ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomcnvl. p. 43 ; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (?) ; Scl. et Suds. Arg.
Orn. i. p. 120.

Uniform dull black : a broad bar across the bases of the inner
webs of the wing-feathers white ; two outer primaries much pointed
at their extremities ; bill plumbeous, feet black : whole length
6 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*6.

Huh. Bio Negro of Patagonia.

This species is at once distinguishable from the two preceding by
its smaller size, and the peculiar narrowed outer remiges.

a, l>. J ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll.

(Hudson). (Types of the species.)

c. <3 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hudson).

d. d ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased.

(Hudson).

6. Cnipolegus cyanirostris.

Suiriri negro pico celeste, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 116 (S)-

Suiriri cabeza y rabadilla de canela, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 109 ( 5 ).

Muscicapa cyanirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 447; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 823(d).
Muscicapa ruficapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 459 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p.833($).
Muscicapa analis, Licht. in Nordm. Atl. p. 15 ( £ ).
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Boie, Isis, 1820, p. 973 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 195 ;

Kaup, Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 29 ; Heine, op. cit. 1859, p. 335 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 203 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98 ; Burm. La-Plata Beise,

ii. p. 457 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871,

p. 304 ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 141 (Entrerios) ; Berl.

et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Scl. et

Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 127.
Sericoptila cyanirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 47.

Uniform dull black ; inner webs of the wing-feathers margined
with dull white ; bill plumbeous, feet dark brown : whole length
5-7 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female. Dark cinnamomeous brown,
brighter on the head and rump ; wings blackish, wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with pale rufous ; tail blackish brown ; outer
margins of outer rectrices and inner webs of all the rectrices except
the two middle bright rufous : below pale fulvous, densely striated
with blackish ; bill and feet brown.

Hah. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and La Plata.

At once distinguishable from C. hudsoni by the normal shape of
the outer primaries, and the smaUer size and duller colour of the
white patch underneath the wing.

Sclater Coll.
Alan Peel [C.].
M. Claussen [P.].
Purchased.
Purchased.
Jaidiue Coll.

a, b. c? $ ad. sk.

La Plata.

c. $ ad. sk.

Uruguay.

d, e. d ad. sk.

Brazil.

f 6 ad.; g. J jr. sk.

Brazil.

h, i. § ad. sk.

Brazil.

j. c? ad. st.

S. America.

14. cxiroLEGus. 47

7. Cnipolegns unicolor.

Cnipolegus unicolor, Katip, J.f. O. 1853, p. 29; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 99; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43: Heine, J.f. 0. 1859, p. 337.
Sericopliila unicolor, Cab. et Heine, Mas. Hein. ii. p. 46.

Uniform dull black : under surface of wings slaty black ; bill
plumbeous, feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2*8.
Hub. Upper Amazonia.

a. 3 ad. sk. Pebas, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Cnipolegus pusillus.

Cnipolegus unicolor, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577.
Cnipolegus pusillus, Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 158.

Uniform dull black : under surface of wings uniform dark
schistaceous : three outer primaries acuminated ; bill dark plum-
beous ; feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2.

Hah. Lower Amazons.

The small size and acuminated primaries at once distinguish this
species.

a. cS ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

9. Cnipolegus orenocensis.
Cnipolegus orenocensis, Berl. Ibis, 1584, p. 433, pi. xii.

Dark slaty, with an olivaceous tinge ; head black ; wings and
tail blackish ; bill plumbeous, tip black ; feet black : whole length
6-4 inches, wing 3L, tail 2-9.

Hah. Angostura, Orinoco.

I have examined the typical specimen of this species in Graf EL
v. Berlepsch's collection. It is at present unique.

10. Cnipolegus cabanisi.

Cnipolegus cabanisi, Schuh, J.f. 0. 1882, p. 462; Set et Hacls. Arg.
Orn. ]. p. 128.

Nearly uniform olivaceous slate-colour : below rather paler :
wings and tail black : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3-, tail 2*7.
Female brownish olive, below paler: wings blackish, slightly edged
with rufous : tail black, with broad rufous margins to the inner
webs and narrow to the outer webs ; bill brown, feet dark brown.

Hah. Prov. Tucuman, rep. Arg.

a. $ ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Scnnlz). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schuh). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. st. Argentine Rep. E. "Wilson, Esq.

11. Cnipolegus cinereus.

Cnipolegus cinereus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1-70, p. 58, et 1870, p. 460; Scl. et
Sal,-. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 197 ; Sale. Ibis,
1880, p. 357, pi. x. : Scl. d Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 128.

48 TTRANNIDiE.

Dark cinereous, paler and more olivaceous on the back and
wings : edges of wing-coverts and secondaries rather lighter : below
paler, throat and breast blackish like the head; inner margins of
wing-feathers whitish ; outer primaries acuminated ; bill plumbeous,
feet black : whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2-3. Female.
Brownish cinereous ; cap and rump rufous ; wings blackish, tips of
coverts and edges of outer secondaries whitish ; tail blackish, inner
webs of all the lateral rectrices except the tips rufous : beneath
whitish, striated with ashy on the throat, breast, and flanks ; bill
brownish, feet black.

Hab. Northern Provinces of Argentine Republic.

Much smaller than C. cabanisi, and with the head of the female
rufous.
a, b. <3 5 ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.].

c. d ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.J.

d. 2 ad- sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. {Doering). Sclater Coll.

15. LICHENOPS.

Type.

Liclienop9, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 88. . L. perspicillata.
Perspicilla, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837) L. perspicillata.

This monotypic form is closely allied to Cnipolegus, but of rather
stronger make, and distinguished by the fleshy caruncle round the
eye. It extends from Bolivia and Southern Brazil southwards to
Patagonia and Chili.

1. Lichenops perspicillata.

Motacilla perspicillata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 969.

Suiriri cliorreado, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 117 ($)•

Muscicapa nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 454.

(Enanthe perspicillata, Vieill. ibid. p. 433.

Ada perspicillata, d"Orb. Voi/., Ois. p. 339.

Perspicilla leucoptera, Sw. Nat. Lib:, Flycateh. p. 105, pi. 9.

Lichenops perspicillata et L. erythroptera, Dane. Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,T

iii. pp. 51, 52, pi. 9.
Lichenops perspicillata, Bp. Consp. p. 194 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.

ii. p. 47 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 203 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99 ; Burm.

La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 457; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141, et

1879, p. 612 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 43 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1876, p. 159,

1877, pp. 34, 176, 1878, pp. 60, 394, et 1880, p. 411 (rep. Arg.) ;

White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (rep. Arg.) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt.

Orn. CI. viii. p. 141 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 129.

Uniform black ; primaries pure white, with black tips and
bases ; fleshy ring round the eye and bill yellow ; feet black r
whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-4. Female. Above dark
brown, with light brown edgings to the feathers ; remiges chestnut,
with dark brown tips ; wing-coverts dark brown, with fulvous tips :
beneath fulvous white, breast with dark striations ; under wing-
coverts fulvous ; bill yellowish ; feet black.

Hah. Southern Bolivia and S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay,
La Plata, Chili, and Patagonia.

16. MUSCIPIPRA.

49

a. $ ad. st.

b, c. cJ ad. sk.

d. ^ ad. sk.

e. 2 ad. sk.

/. 2 ad. sk-

£r. $ ad. sk.

h. 2 ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
;', k. rf ad. sk.
I, m. $ ad. sk.

n, o. cJ2 ad. sk.

p. S ad. sk.
q. J ad. sk.
r. $ ad. sk.
*. 2 ad- sk.

£, m. 5 2 ad. sk.
v. 2 ad. sk.
w, x. 2 ad. sk.
y. $ ad. sk.
z. c? ad. sk.
a', b'. cJ 2 fld- sk.

Maldonado, Uruguay.

Brazil.

Brazil.

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joi/ner).
Maldonado, Uruguay

(Darwin).
Maldonado, Uruguay

(Darwin).
Alvear, Uruguay.
Paraguay.
Belgrano, rep. Arg.
Conchitas, rep. Arg.

(Hudson).
Parana, rep. Arg.

(Burmeister).
Punta Lara, rep. Arg.
Buenos Ayres ( White).
Santiago, Chili (Reed).
Coquimbo, Chili

(Markham).
Chili.
Chili.
Chili.
Chili.

S. America.
S. America.

C. Darwin [CJ.
M. Claussen [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-(jodrnan Coll.

Eyton Coll.

Capt. Fitzroy [P.].

Alan Peel [C.].
Sclater Coll.
H. Durnford [C.].
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

H. Durnford [C]
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Zool. Soc. Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.

10. MUSCIPIPRA.

Muscipipra, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 387 (1831)

Ictiniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859)

Type.
M. vetula.
M. vetula.

A monotypic form, apparently allied to Copunis and Cybernetes,
but with a tail more like that of Milvulus. It is restricted to
S.E. Brazil.

1 . Muscipipra vetula.

Muscicapa vetula, Lieht. Doubl. p. 53; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 15,

pi. 18.
Muscicapa pullata, Bp. Jaurn. Acad. Philad. iv. p. 383.
Tyrannus longipes, Siv. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 283.
Milvulus longipeunis, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. pi. 42 ; Sw. Class. Birds,

ii. p. 225.
Muscipipra longipennis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 387 ; id. Rev. Zool. 1839,

p. 43.
Milvulus vetulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 192 ; Burm. Syst. XJeb. ii. p. 468.
Ictiniscus vetulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42.
Muscipipra vetula, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 204; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99;

Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 44.
Dicrurus marginatus, Blyth, Ibis, 18C5, p. 46 (ef. Scl. P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 339).

Nearly uniform plumbeous, with very slightly marked blackish
VOL. xiv. E

50

TYRANNID-E.

shaft-stripes on the head, back, and breast ; wings and tail black ;
outer web of outer rectrix whitish : below rather paler, and more
whitish on throat and under wing-coverts : whole length 9 inches,
win^ 4*3 ; tail, outer rectr. 4-4, middle 3.
Hub. ISouth-eastern Brazil.

a.

£ ad. sk.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Jbyner

)• .

Salvin-Godman Coll.

b,

c. 3 2 ad.

sk.

Bio Claro,
(Joyner).

Goyaz,

Br

azil

Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

d.

cJ ad. sk.

Pelotas, Bio

(Joyner).

Grande

do

Sul

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e.

Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Jardine Coll.

f.

Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

9-

Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

h.
i.

Ad. sk.
Jr. sk.

Brazil.
Brazil.

M. Claussen [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.

j-

Ad. st.

Brazil.

M. Claussen [P.].

k.

Ad. st.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq. [P.].

17.1

COPURUS.

Type.

Copurus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841

, p. 28 . .

After examining a number of skins I have felt obliged to reduce
the number of recognizable species of this genus to two, as I find
intermediate forms between C. colonics and C. fuscicapillus, which I
formerly considered distinguishable.

Copurus extends from Nicaragua southwards throughout
Colombia and Amazonia down to Paraguay. The curious elongated
pair of median rectrices render it easily distinguishable. It is said
to breed in holes of trees (Nutting, I. i. c).

Key to the Species.

A. Interscapulium uniform black 1. colonus, p. 50.

B. Interscapulium variegated with greyish white 2. leucoiwtus, p. 51.

1. Copurus colonus.

Colon, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 114.

Muscicapa colonus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 448 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 824.
Platyrhynchus platurus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 17 ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 839.
Muscipeta leucocilla, Hahn, Ami. Vog. Lief. 9. pi. 2.
Platyrhynchus filicauda, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 12, pi. 14.
Muscipeta monacha, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 925.
Copurus filicauda, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Tsch. Faun. Per.

Aves,]>. 157; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 507; Bp. Consp. i. p. 194;

Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 113.
Copurus colonus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. ILein. ii. p. 41 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

18(51, p. 381 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 204 ; Pelz. Orti. Bras. p. 100 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 209.
Copurus funehris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41.

17. COPTJEUS. 51

Copurus leuconotus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, et 1858, p. 71 (nee

Lafr.).
Copurus fuscicapillus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1801, p. 381 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 204 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Above black; head greyish white, varying to dark grey, and
sometimes almost black ; rump white : beneath dull black, under
surface of wings slaty black ; two middle rectrices produced to
three times the length of the laterals, and denuded at their bases,
thence provided with equal narrow webs on both sides ; bill and feet
black : whole length 9-5 inches, wing 3-2 ; tail, middle rectr. 7,
lat. 2-4. Female similar, but elongated median rectrices not so long.
Hub. Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Novo Fiibourgo, Prov. of Salvin-Godman Coll.

Rio, Brazil (Youds).

c. Ad. sk. Rio Janeiro. R. II- Wood [P.].

d. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Juyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

f,g. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).

h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

i \d. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/ Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

k, I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

m-o. Ad. sk. Saravacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p, q Ad. et jr. sk. San Jose, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r-t. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types

of C. fuscicapillus.)

u. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

v. Ad. ; w. Jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

X. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased.

2. Copurus leuconotus.
Copurus leuconotus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 335 ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 194 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 294, 1861, p. 382 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p '>04 • Cab et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p 44 ; iid, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia),
et 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146 (Veragua) ;
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua), 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana);
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia) ; Nutting, P. U. S. X. M.
1883, p. 402; Berl. J.f 0. 1884, p. 297.
Copurus poecilonotus, Cab. in Sclwmb. Guian. iii. p. 703.
Above and below black ; head greyish, varying to sooty brown ;
middle of back variegated with greyish white ; rump white ; middle
rectrices elongated as in preceding species : bill and feet black : whole
length 10 inches, wing 3 ; tail, med. rectr. 7'5, lat. 2-4.

Hal. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Western Ecuador,
and Cayenne.

a b Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e d Ad. et jr. sk. Tucurriqui, CostaRica (A red). Salvin-Codman Coll.
e' jr sk SanJo*e,CostaRica(Cflr/m'oZ). Salvin-Godman Coll.

fiAd.sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. 3 ad. sk. Santa Fe\ Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll.

52 TYRANNID^.

h. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arc6). Sclater Coll.

i,j. c? ? ad sk. Lion Hill, Isthm. of Panama Salvin-Godinan Coll.

(McLeannan).

k. J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthm. of Pa- Sal vin-Godmau Coll.

nama (Hughes).

m. $ ad. sk. Remedios, U. S.C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

o. Jr. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.

p. Jr. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. (J ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

r. rj ad. sk. Cayenne. II. C. Botkerv, Esq.

[P.].

ft, t. c? ad. ; u. Jr. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fi-aser). Sclater Coll.

sk.

v. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardiue Coll.

18. MACHETORNIS.

Type.

Chrysolopkus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837) M. rixosa.

Machetornis, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. p. 41 (1841) M. rixosa.

This is a large strong form, with a long bill and strong tarsi,
belonging, no doubt, to the Teeniopterince, but simulating the true
Tyrants in colour and crest. D'Orbigny found it breeding in the
chambered nests of Anumbius acuticaudatus, which it appropriated,
and laying pale rose-coloured eggs spotted with reddish.

1. Machetornis rixosa.

Suiriri, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 148.

Tyrannus rixosus, Vieill. Kouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 85; id. Enc. Mith.
p. 852.

Muscicapajoazeiro, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 17, pi. 23.

Muscicapa miles, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 850.

Tyrannus ambulans, Sw. Quart- Joum. Se. xx. p. 279.

Chrysolophus ambulans, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 225.

Pepoaza rixosa, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 350.

Saurophagus rixosus, Haiti. Ve>-z. Mus. Brem. p. 48.

Machetornis rixosa, Burrn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 514; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 458 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Llein. ii. p. 45 ;
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 204: Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Taylor, Ibis,
1864, p. 85 (Venezuela); Sel.etSalv. P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 142, 168,
et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 44 ; Hudson, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 173 (Buenos Avres) ; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159,
1877, p. 177, et 1880, p. 422 (Buenos Ayres); Salvin, Ibis, 1880,
p. 357 (Salta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (N.E. Brazil); White,
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg. Rep.) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279
(Paisandii) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 142 (Entrerios) ;
Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul) ;
Scl. et Iluds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 131.

Above brownish olive ; wings and tail brown, the latter terminated
by a yellowish band ; middle of cap occupied by a scarlet crest :
beneath bright yellow, paler on the throat ; bill and feet black :
wholo length 7-2 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3-5. Female similar, but
rather duller. Young without the scarlet crest.

19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 53

Hab. Pampas of S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, La
Plata, and Venezuela.

a-c. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

d. Jr. sk. Babia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. O ad. sk. Couchitas, Buenos Ayres {Hud- Salvin-Goduian Coll.

son).

f. S ad. sk. Paraguay. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.].

h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

i,j. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll.

k. Ad. sk. S. America. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

19. MUSCISAXICOLA*

Type.
Muscisaxicola, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av.i. p. 65 (1837). M. rutivertex.
" Ptionura, Gould," G. R. Gray, List of Gen. ed. i.
p. 24 (1840) M. rutivertex.

The Muscisaxicolce constitute a well-marked group of abnormal
Tyrannidee, peculiar to the Patagonian Region and to the higher
Andes of the more northern parts of South America, and simulating
the Motacilhe of the Old World in their habits and somewhat also
in their structure. Their tarsi are long and strong, their wings
long, their beak compressed, and the rictal bristles almost altogether
obsolete, so that at first sight they would hardly be taken for
Tyrannidce at all. The plumage in this genus is generally cinere-
ous with but slight markings ; the tail-coverts and tail are blackish
or black iu all the known species, with a white outer margin to the
outer rectrix.

Key to the Species.

A. Inner webs of wing-feathers grey, edged
with whitish.
a. Bdl uniform black.

a'. Without a nuchal spot.

a". Lores and superciliaries white ; no
mental spot.
a'". Forehead brownish cinereous:

J larger; wing (3 in 1. albifrons, p. 54.

\ smaller ; wing 5-3 in 2. alpina, p. 54.

b'". Forehead cinereous 3. grisea, p. 55.

e'1'. Forehead black 4. nigrifrons, p. 55,

b". Lores and superciliaries cinereous 5. cinerea, p. 55.
c". Lores blackish ; mental spot brown 6. maelociana,y>.b6.
b'. With a distinct nuchal spot.

d". Nuchal spot yellowish 7. jlavinucha, p. 57.

e". Nuchal spot reddish.

d'" . Body above brownish cinereous:

I nuchal spot brighter 8. rubricapiUa, p. 57.

j nuchal spot duller 9. juninensis, p. 58.

* Species not known to me are : — Ptyonura capistrata, Burin. La-Plata Reiso,
ii. p. 41)1 ; Muscisaxicola brunnca. Gould, Voy. 'Beagle,' Zool. iii. p. 84; and
M. striaticeps, d'Orb. et Lafr. ; d'Orb. Voy. p. 35fi, t. xli. fig. 1.

54

TYRANN'IIL*:.

e'". Body above clear cinereous;

nuchal spot bright rufous .... 10. ryfivertex, p. 08.
b. Bill with a brown spot at the base :

) larger ; wings uniform 11. mandirostris, p. 59.

) smaller : wings banded with rufous. 12. jturiatilis, p. 59.
B. Inner webs of wing-feathers rufous 13. rufipennis, p. 60.

1. Muscisaxicola albifrons.

Ptyonura albifrons, Tsch, Faun. Per., Aves, p. 167, pi. 12. fig. 2 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 196.
Muscisaxicola albifrons, Ph. et Landb. Wieqm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 78 ;

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, et 1868, p. 569 (S. Peru) ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 44 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874. p. 533 (Peru) ; id. Orn, Per.

ii. p. 209.

Above brownish cinereous ; front white ; lores black ; wing-
coverts and edges of secondaries light cinereous ; primaries blackish
towards their tips ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer
margins of outer rectrices white : beneath pale cinereous, almost white
on belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black:
whole length 9 inches, wing 6, tail 4. Female similar.

Hah. Central and Southern Peru.

The larger size renders this tine species easily distinguishable
from its congeners.

a.Jad.sk. Salinas, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.

b. cj ad. sk. Ninabanba, Peru (Jelskij. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Peru. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

2. Muscisaxicola alpina.

Tsenioptera alpina, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 47, t. 21.
Muscisaxicola albifrons, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 78 ; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 57 ;

id, Cat. A. B. p. 205 (err.).
Muscisaxicola alpina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92 ; Scl. et Salt: Nomencl

p. 44 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986.

Above brownish cinereous : front and short superciliaries white ;
upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer margin of outer rectrix
white : beneath pale cinereous, passing into white on the belly,
crissum, and under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black: whole length
7-5 inches, wing 5-3, tail 3*4. Female similar.

Hah. Andes of Western Ecuador.

Very like 21. albifrons, but much smaller.

a-c. Ad. sk. Andes of Quito {Jameson).

d. J ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser).

e. Ad. sk. Guagua Pichincha, Ecuador

{Fraser).

f. Ad. sk. Chimborazo.

;i, h. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador {Buckley).

i. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

Jar dine Coll.
(Tvpes of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

L. Fraser [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.

19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 55

3. Muscisaxicola grisea.
Muscisaxicola grisea, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 213.

Above cinereous ; lores and short supereiliaries whitish ; upper
tail-coverts and tail black ; outer margin of outer rectrix -white :
below pale cinereous, passing into white on bell}-, crissum, and
under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-8 inches,
wins 5, tail 3'3. Female similar, but rather smaller.

Hah. Central Peru.

A species not very distinct from M. cinerea, but rather larger and
with the white supereiliaries better indicated.

a, b. cJ J ad. sk. Xinabanba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

4. Muscisaxicola nigrifrons.

Muscisaxicola nigrifrons, Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.

p. 101 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Scl. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59;

id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili >.
Ptvonura frontalis, Burnt. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 248 ; id La-Plata Reise,

ii. p. 462 (?).

Above cinereous ; lores and supereiliaries white : whole forehead
black, passing into brownish on the vertex : tail-coverts and tail
black, outer margin of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous,
passing into white on the belly, crissum. and under wing-coverts ;
bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 5, tail 3-1.
Female similar.

Hah. Chili.

At once recognizable by the black forehead, which becomes rather
brownish as it contracts and passes over the vertex.

a, b. J $ ad. sk. Cordill. de Santiago, Chili (Land- Sclater Coll.

beck).

c. d jr. ; d. Ad. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.

sk.'

e,/. cJ Jad.sk. Chili {Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.

5. Muscisaxicola cinerea.

Muscisaxicola cinerea, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 80 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44 ; Scl. Ibis, 1866, pp. 57, 59 ; id. P. Z. S.

1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru);

id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 212.
Muscisaxicola albimentum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 61 (?).

Above cinereous ; supereiliaries whitish, but very faintly marked ;
tail-coverts and tail black, the outer margin of the outer rectrix
white : below pale cinereous, becoming white on the belly, crissum,
and under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black : whole length 6"4
inches, wing 3*9, fail 2-4. Female similar, but not quite so bright.

Hah. Chili and Peru.

56 ttrannim:.

a. d ad. sk. Cordill. of Santiago, Chili Sclater Coll.

{Landbeck).

b. 3 ad. sk. Cordill. of Santiago, Chili Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Landbeck).

c. Ad. sk. Valdivia, Chili (Landbeck). Sclater Coll.

d. e. $c? jr. sk. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. st. Chili. Purchased.

6. Muscisaxicola macloviana.

Sylvia macloviana, Gam. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 540 (1826). _

Muscisaxicola macloviana, Gray, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 83;
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 95, et 1860, p. 385 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 205
id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44 ; Abbott, Ibis
1861, p. 154 (Falkland Is.) ; ScL et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 133.

Ptyonura macloviana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197.

Muscisaxicola mentalis, cVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 66; d'Orb.
Vm/., Ois. p. 355, pi. 41. fig. 1 ; Gray, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii.
p. 83; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59; id.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99 (Lima), 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili), et 1872,
pp. 541, 549 (Patagonia) ; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili) ;
ScL et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 982, 986, 1868, p. 569 (Peru), et
1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of
Magellan); iid. Nomencl. p. 44; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8
(Coquimho); Phil, et Lundb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, p. 85 (Chili);
Tacz. Orn. Per. p. 219.

Ochthoeca chilensis, Hartl. Naum, 1853, p. 212.

Ptyonura mentalis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 167.

Above cinereous, lores blackish, cap brown ; tail-coverts and
tail black, outer margins of outer tail-feather white : below pale
cinerous, passing into white on lower belly, crissum, and under
wing-coverts ; chin-spot brown ; bill and feet black : whole length
6-1 inches, wing 4-1, tail 2-6. Female similar, but chin-spot not so
well marked.

Hub. Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Patagonia, and Falkland Islands.

After comparing a number of specimens, I do not see that the
bird from the Falkland Islands can be fairly separated. I have
therefore united the continental M. mentalis to it.

a. $ ad. sk. Islay, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Jad.sk. Islay, S.W. Peru (IV/iite'/y). Purchased.

c,d. Jad.sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Philippi and Landbeck).

e. J jr. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili P. L. Sclater, Esq.

(Philippi and Landbeck). [?•]•

f. Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili Sclater Cull.

(Landbeck).

g. 3 ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [C.].
h. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

?'. Ad. sk. Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll.

j. 3 ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. $ ad.sk. liioNegro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll.

/. cS ad. sk. St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. Lt. Smith [Or].

19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 57

m,n. <f ad. sk. Hermit I., Patagonia. The Admiralty [P.],

o, p. Ad. sk. Falkland Is. (Leconte). Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Falkland Is. {Abbott). Sclater Coll.

r. Ad. sk. Falkland Is. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

s-u. $ ad. sk. E. Falkland Island. The Admiralty [P.].

v. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Goidd, Esq.

w. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.

x. Ad. st. Coquiinbo. C. Darwin [P.].

y. Ad. st. Falkland Islands. J. Macgillivray [C.].

7. Muscisaxicola flavinucha.

Muscisaxicola flavinucha, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 59; Scl. Cat. A.

B. p. 205 ; id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326,

338 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,

p. 533 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 211.
Muscisaxicola flavivertix, Phil, et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.

p. 98 ; Scl. Ibis, 1866, p. 58 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 326.

Above cinereous ; front, lores, and superciliaries whitish ; large
nuchal spot pale yellowish fulvous ; upper tail-coverts and tail
black; outer margin of outer rectrix white: below pale cinereous,
passing into white on lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts ;
bill and feet black : whole length 7 inches, wing 5-7, tail 3-4. Female
similar, but rather smaller.

Hab. Chili and Peru.

The pale yellowish fulvous nape-spot at once distinguishes this
species when adult. In young birds it is hardly apparent.

a, b. 3 2 ad. ; Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.

c. Jr. sk.

d. 3 ad. ; e. 5 Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr. sk. bold),

f, y. Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- P. L. Sclater, Esq.

bold). [P.].

h, i. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.

J. 3 ad. sk. Junin, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

/>•. Ad. sk. Junin, Peru (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Muscisaxicola rubricapilla.

Muscisaxicola rubricapilla, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.
p. 90 ; Scl. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338,
(Chili) ; Scl. et Salt*. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, pi. xlvi., 1868, p. 569, et
1876, p. 16 (Peru) ; iid, Nomencl. p. 44 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 533 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 215.

Above brownish cinereous ; lores and slight superciliaries whitish ;
nape-patch reddish ; upper tail-coverts aud tail black ; outer margin
of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous white, clearer on lower
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts : whole length 6*8 inches,
wing 4"6, tail 3. Female similar.

Hab. Chili and Teru.

58

TYRANNID.2E.

a. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold).

b. J ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago, Chili

{Landbeck).

c. $ ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago, Chili

(Landbeck).

d. 2 ad. sk. Chilian Andes (Leybold).

e. Ad. sk. Pampas of Argentine Rep. (Ley-

bold).

f. Ad. st. Chili.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

P. L. Sclater, Esq.

[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

9. Muscisaxicola juninensis.

Muscisaxicola juninensis, Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 214.
Muscisaxicola albilora, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 60 (?).
Muscisaxicola rubricapilla, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, pi. xlvi.

Nearly similar to M. rubricapilla, but perhaps distinct ; body
above much clearer grey, more as in M. rufivertex ; nuchal spot
not so well defined and extending over the head nearly to the front :
whole length 6-3 inches, wing 4-8, tail 3"1.

Hah. Central Peru.

a. cJ ad. sk. Junin, Central Peru (Jelski).

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely).
Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely).

Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

10. Muscisaxicola rufivertex.

Muscisaxicola rufivertex, (TOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 66; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 354, pi. 40. f. 2 ; Phil, et Landb. Wieym. Arch. 1865,
i. p. 95; Bridyes. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94 (Chili); Fraser, P. Z. S.
1843, p. 112 (Chili); Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 1866,
pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 44 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 154 (Peru), et 1879, p. 612
(Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Om. PSr.
ii. p. 216 ; Scl. et Hvds. Arg. Om. i. 134.

Ptyonura rufivertex, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 168 ; Burnt. La- Plata Reise, ii. p. 461.

Above clear cinereous ; lores and short superciliaries whitish ;
well-defined nape-patch bright rufous ; wings brownish ; upper
tail-coverts and tail black, outer margin of outer rectrix white :
below clear cinereous white, brighter on lower belly, crissum, and
under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-5 inches,
wing 4, tail 2-8. Female similar.

Hah. Peru, Bolivia, Chili, and vie. of Mendoza, rep. Arg.

The clear cinereous back and well-defined nape-spot at once
render this species recognizable.

a. Ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeck).

b. $ ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeck).

c. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold).

d. J ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili.

Sclater Coll.

P. L. Sclater, Esq.

[P.].
Sclater Coll.
Dr. Coppinger [C.].

19. MU8ICISAXIC0LA.

59

e,f. (J ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk ; ;'.

$ ad. sk'.
k. $ ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.

Prov. of Santiago, Chili {Ley bold).

Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold).

Bolivia.

Tinta, S. Peru ( JVliitely).

Tinta, S. Peru.
Tinta, Peru (Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].
Sclater Coll.

H. Whitely [C.J.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

11. Muscisaxicola maculirostris.

Muscisaxicola maculirostris, cVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 66 ; cTOrb.
Voy., Ois. p. 356, pi. xli. f. 2 ; Sclater, Cat. A. B. p. 205 ; id. Ibis,
1866, pp. 57, 59 ; id, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92 (Ecuador), 1867, pp. 326,
338 (Chili) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 568, 569, 1869, p. 154
(Peru), et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Komencl. p. 44; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 219 ; Durn-
ford, Ibis, 1878, p. 395 (C. Patagonia) ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador); Phil, et Landb. Wieym. Arch. 1865,
pt. i. p. 82 (Chili) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 134.

Ptvonura muculirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196 ; Burm. La-Plata Beise,
ii. p. 462.

Above greyish brown, lores and slight superciliaries whitish ;
tail-coverts and tail black, the outer web of the outer rectrix
white : below pale greyish white, whiter on the belly and crissum :
bill black, with the base of the lower mandible yellowish ; feet black .
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3'4, tail 2-4. Female similar.

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador.

a. 5 ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili {Phil, et

Landb.).

b. 5 ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold).

c. Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago (Landbeck).

d. $ jr. sk. Cordillera of Santiago {Landbeck).

e. Ad. sk. Chili.
/, y. Ad. sk. Chili.

h, i. 2 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Pep. (Leybold).

j, k. ^ 2 ad. Rio Negro of Patagonia.

sk.

I. Ad.sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley),

m. Ad. sk. Tinta, S.W. Peru.

n, S ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru.

o. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Ifliitely).

p. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Whitely).

q. Ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador (Fraser).

r. $ ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador.

s. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Fraser).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
H. Durnford [C.].

Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Whitely [C.J.
II. Whitely [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
L. Fraser [C.].
Sclater Coll.

12. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis.

Muscisaxicola fluviatilis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Lower
Vcavali), I860, p. 598, 1873, p. 277, et 1876, p. 16 (Peru) ; iid.
Nomencl.-a.4A; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534(0. Peru), et 1882,
p. 18 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 220.

60 TYRANNIDJE.

Above pale mouse-brown ; wings blackish, with the tips of the
coverts rufous, forming two slight cross-bands ; upper tail-coverts
and tail black, outer web of the outer rectrix white : beneath pale
fulvous white, passing into clear white on the belly and crissum ;
under wing-coverts and inner margins of the primaries pale fulvous ;
bill shorter and broader than in the last species, black, reddish at
the base ; feet black : whole length 5 3 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female
similar.

Hab. Peru.

The slightly banded wings and shorter bill distinguish this species
from JU. maculirostris.

a, b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

(Types of the species.)

c. 2 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

d. S ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

g. Jad.sk. Cosuipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. c? ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

13. Muscisaxicola rufipennis.

Muscisaxicola rufipennis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 134, 533 (C. Peru),
1879, p. 233 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 221 ; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. 6'. 1874, p. 678.

Above dark cinereous ; wings and tail blackish, whole of the
inner webs of remiges and lateral rectrices except the tips bright
rufous, almost chestnut : beneath paler, middle of belly and crissum
white ; under-wing-coverts fulvous ; bill and feet black : whole
length 8 inches, wing 5-1, tail 3-6. Female similar.

Hab. Peru.

The chestnut colour on the wings renders this fine large species
at once distinguishable.

a. $ ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

20. CENTRITES. T

Lessonia, Sic. Fauna B.-A., Aves, p. 490 (1831) C. niger.

Centrophanes, Cab. in Txch. F. P., Aves, p. 107 (1845) C. niger.

Centrites, Cab. Wiegm. Areh. xiii. i. p. 250 (1847) C. niger.

Auchmalea, Reichenb. Av. <S'. N. t. lix. (1850) C. niger.

The curious type, which seems to be an exaggerated form of
3Ivscisaxkola, is also restricted to Patagonia and the Andes. It is
remarkable for the shortened tail and elongated hind claw, which
caused the older authors to refer it to Anthus, and it is said by
d'Orbigny and other authorities to be Lark-like in its habits. It
nests on the ground near the borders of streams.

20. CENTKITES.

61

Key to the Species.

A. Inner webs of wing-feathers black . .

B. Inner webs of wing-feathers cinereous

1. niger, p. 61.

2. oreas, p. 62.

Structure of Cemtrites niger, tf .

1. Centrites niger.

Alouette noire de la Enceuada, Daub. PI. Enl. 738. fig. 2.

Alauda nigra, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 46.

Alauda rufa, Gm. S. N. i. p. 792.

Alauda fulva, Lath. Lid. Orn. ii. p. 492 ; Vieill. Enc. MM. p. 309.

Authus fulvus, Vieill. Kouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 502, et Enc. Meth. p. 328 ;
Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. An. i. p. 26 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 223.

Sylvia dorsalis, King, Zuol. Journ. iii. p. 428.

Anthus erythronotus, Merr. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. iv. p. 289.

Anthus variegatus, Eyd. et Gerv. Voy. Favor., Ois. p. 38, pi. 15.

Lessonia erythrouota, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 248.

Lessonia nigra, Hartl. hid. Azar. p. 10.

Muscisaxicola nigra, Gould, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 84 ; Eraser,
P.Z.S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili).

Centrophanes rums, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 167.

Muscisaxicola fulva, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 37.

Centrites rufus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 256 ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 196.

Centrites niger. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 206 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 326 (Chili) ; Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 458 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142
(Buenos Ayres), 1878, p. 432 (Sandy Point); iid. Ibis, 1868,
pp. 185, 187 (Str. of Magellan) ; iid. Zool. Chall. Exp. viii. p. 101;
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 87, 333, et 1871, p. 259 (Buenos Ayres) ;
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 177 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 395
(C. Patagonia) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 (Magellan Straits) ;
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg. Rep.) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 423 (Coquimbo) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 142
(Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 134.

Above and beneath deep black ; whole of back, except the rump,

Q2

TYRANNID.E.

and scapularies, chestnut ; bill and feet black ; under wing-coverts
and wings beneath black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-S, tail 1-9.
Female. Above brown, back fulvous red ; tail black ; beneath ashy
brown.

Hub. Patagonia, Chili, and Argentine Republic.

a. 3 ad. ; Conchitas, rep. Arg. (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 jr. sk.

c. 3 ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordoba, rep. Arg.( White). Salviu-Godnian Coll.

d. 3 ad.sk. Parana, rep. Arg. (Burmekter) . Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,f. 3 ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 3 ad. sk. Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll.

h. 3 ad. sk. Chili {Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i,j. 3 2 ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.

k. 3 ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

/, m. 3 ad. ; Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.].

n. $ ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk. Tierra del Fuego. Capt. Burnett and

Lt. Fitzroy [CI
p. 3 ad. sk. Cape Gregory, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [C.].

q, r. 3 ad. ; Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan. ' Challenger ' Exp.

s, t. 2 ad. sk.
u. 2 ad- sk. S. America. Capt. Burnett and

Lt. Fitzroy [0.].

2. Centrites oreas.

Centrites niger, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 987, et 1868, p. 569

(Peru).
Centrites oreas, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 151, 154 (Peru), et

1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Ex: Orn. p. 191, pi. xcvi. ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 44 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru) ; id. Om.

Per. ii. p. 222.

Like G. niger, but with the inner webs of the primaries pale
cinereous in the male, and tinged with ciunamomeous in the female ;
the back of a duller chestnut.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Bolivia.

a, b. 3 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
c, d. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. Whitely [CI.

e. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. Whitely [C.].

/. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. 3 ad. st. Salinas, S.W. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

21. MUSCIGRALLA.

63

21. MUSCIGRALLA.

Muscigralla, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sijn. Av. i. p. 61 (1837).
Ochtkites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 277 . . .

Type.
M. brevicauda.
M. brevicauda.

Structure of Muscigralla brevicauda.

This is perhaps a still more singular type than Centrites, from
which it is at once distinguished by its long legs and very short
tail ; it is an exaggerated form of M usci sax i cola in another direc-
tion. It is restricted to Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador.

1. Muscigralla brevicauda.

Muscigralla brevicauda, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sipi. Av. i. p. 61 ; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 354, pi. 39. fig. 1 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecua-
dor), 1867, p. 326 (Chili) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 206 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 44 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534, et 1877, p. 325 (Peru) ;
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 223.

Ochthites brevicauda, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1884, pt. i. p. 277.

Above cinereous ; vertical crest yellow ; wings brown, wing-
coverts and outer secondaries edged with whitish ; upper tail-
coverts chestnut ; tail black : beneath whitish, sides of breast and
flanks cinereous ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 4-2 inches,
wing 2-5, tail 1-4, tarsus 1. Female similar.

Hub. Chili, Bolivia, Western Peru, and Western Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru. - Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. West Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad.sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Villago)nez). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil. G. Barclay [P.].

e. J ad. sk. Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Guyaquil {Jameson). Jardine Coll.

g. Ad. sk. S. America. Sir D. Cooper [P.].

64

TYRANNID.E.

Subfamily II. PLATYRHYNCHIN.E.

The Platyrhynchince are a forest-haunting group of the Tyrannidce,
distinguished generally by their broadened bill and thin tarsi,
modified to suit their arboreal habits. But in the aberrant members
of the subfamily these characters become much weakened, until they
pass generally into those of the Elaineince. The species are almost
without exception of small size and dull olive and grey colours.

The PlatyrhynchincB extend over the whole Neotropical Region
from Southern Mexico to Patagonia.

Index to the Genera.

22. Platyrhynchus, p. 64.

23. Todihostrum, p. 69.

24. Oncostoma, p. 76.

25. Euscarthmus, p. 78.

26. Ceratotriccus, p. 85.

27. PSEUDOTRICCTTS, p. 85.

28. C^notriccus, p. 86.

29. Lophotriccus, p. 86.

30. Orchilus, p. 88.

31. Colopterus, p. 90.

32. Hemitriccus, p. 91.

33. Phylloscartes, p. 92.

34. Hapalocercus, p. 93.

35. Habrura, p. 96.

36. Culicivora, p. 97.

37. Pogoxotriccus, p. 97.

38. Leptotriccus, p. 99.

39. Stigmattjra, p. 100.

40. Serpophaga, p. 101.

41. An^retes, p. 106.

22. PLATYRHYNCHUS.

Type.

Platyrhynchus, Desyn. Tang, sub tab. 72 (1805) P. rostratus.

X

Bill of Platyrhynchus rostratus.

This is a well-marked genus, distinguished at once by its broad
flattened bill. The nine kuown species range from Southern Mexico
to the Argentine Republic.

Key to the Species.

A. Coronal spot white.
a. Throat white.

I Larger : crown olive 1. rosfrattis, p. 65.

) Smaller : crown blackish 2. senex, p. 65.

6. Throat yellow S.Jlavigularis, p. 65.

B. Coronal spot red or yellow.

a. Head olive or blackish, without a black
superciliary stripe.

a'. Coronal spot red 4. saturatus, p. 66.

b'. Coronal spot yellow.
«2. Throat clear white :

\ paler above 5. cancrominus, p. 66.

| darker above 6. albiyularis, p. 67.

SI. PLVTYRUYNCHUS.

65

b~ . Throat fulvous white; paler above. . 7. mystaceus, p. 67.
b. Head chestnut, with a black superciliary
stripe.

i Larger : under surface olivaceous .... 8. coronatus, p. 68.
) Smaller : under surface yellowish. . . . 9. superciliaris, p. 68.

1. Platyrhynchus rostratus.

Todus platyrhynchus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 446 ; Desm. Tang. pi. 72.
Todus rostratus, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 268.
Platyrhynchus fuscus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 201, pi. 126.
Platyrhynchus leucoryphus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 974.
Platvrhvnchus rostratus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. iii.

p.'oOO; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 206 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Scl, et

Salv. Nbmencl. p. 44.

Above olive ; elongated coronal patch white ; rirn round the eye
whitish ; wings blackish, broadly margined with rufous ; tail brown :
beneath fulvous, throat clearer, almost white ; breast darker; inner
edgings of wing-feathers pale rufous ; upper mandible blackish,
lower white ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-S,
tail 1-7.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

The large size at once distinguishes this species.

a. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

2. Platyrhynchus senex.

Platyrhynchus senex, Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156 (E. Ecuador) ;
facz.'P. Z. S. 188-2, p. 18 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 224 (N.E. Peru).

Above yellowish olive ; head blackish, with a roundish half-con-
cealed white coronal patch ; lores whitish; wings and tail blackish,
edged with olive : beneath deep fulvous, throat white; upper mandible
blackish, lower white ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 4 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 1"3.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador.

A very distinct species, recognizable by its blackish cap and deep
fulvous abdomen.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. J. Gould, Esq.

3. Platyrhynchus fiavigularis. (Plate VIII. fig. 1.)

Platyrhynchus fiavigularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382 ; Scl. et
Salv. Komencl. p. 44.

Above olive, head more fulvous, with a roundish white coronal

VOL. XIV. F

66 TYKANNID.i:.

patch ; wings and tail blackish, margined with olive : beneath yellow,
sides passing into olive: whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2-3, tail I '2.

Hub. Colombia.

The yellow throat and middle of the under surface at once dis-
tinguish this species.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Platyrhynchus saturatus.

riatvrhynchus saturatus, Sale, et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 78 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 292.

Above olive-brown, darker on the head ; elongated coronal patch
red ; wings and tail blackish, edged with rufous : beneath pale yel-
lowish, throat white, slight breast-band and flanks olive ; bill
blackish, feet whitish : whole length 3'6 inches, wing 2*4, tail T2.
Female similar, but coronal patch not so well-marked.

Hab. British Guiana.

The red coronal patch and dark colour above at once distinguish
this species.

a. tf ad. sk. Merunie Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whifely). (Type of the species.)

6, c. cJ $ ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitehj).

d. <$ ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitehj).

5. Platyrhynchus cancrominus.

Platyrhynchus cancroma, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295 ; id. Ibis, 1859,

p. 445.
Platyrhynchus cancrominus, Selat. et Salv. P. Z. S. I860, p. 299 ;

iid. Ibis, I860, p. 399 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 45 ; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 314,

318 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica).

Similar to P. mystaceus, and almost as pale above, but with a
distinct white throat as in P. albogularis.
Hab. Guatemala.

a. S ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvin).

b. J ad. sk. El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salv. Salvin-Godman Coll.

et Godm.).

c. 5 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

f. 5 ad. sk. Teleman, Vera Paz (Salv. et Salvin-Godman Coll.

Godm.).

g, h. 2 ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

22. rT.ATYRIIYXCmTS. 07

6. Platyrhynchus albogularis. (Plate VIII. fig. 2.)

Platyrhynchus albogularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 63, 92, 295
(Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. 8. 1869,
p. 252 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 44 ; Salvia, Ibis, 1869, p. 314
(Costa Rica and Veragua) ; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196 (Veragua) ;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 233 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 225 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 553, et 1885, pp. 68, 88 (Ecuador).

Nearly similar to P. mystaceus, but with the throat pure white,
and much darker olive above.

Hah. Western Ecuador, Venezuela, Veragua, and Costa Rica.

a. c? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. J ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

c. S ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador ( ViUagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. 2 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. tf ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

/, {I- 6 ad.; Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. 9 ad. sk.

i. Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll.

;'. d ad. sk. Veragua. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

k. 2 ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

l,m. $ $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

n. $ ad. sk. Naranjo, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. 2 ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

7. Platyrhynchus mystaceus.

Bigotillo, Azara, Apimt. ii. p. 93.

Platyrhynchus mystaceus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 14; id. Enc.

M6th.-p. 844; Scl, Cat. A. B. p. 207; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100;

Scl.

Berl

Orn. 1885, p. '129 (Ri

(Misiones, rep. Arg.) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136.
Todus cancioma, Licht. Donbl. p. 51.
Platyrhynchus cancroma, Temm. PI. Col. pi. 12. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 183 ; Sic. Zool, III. pi. 115; id, F/gcatc/i. p. 158, pi. 17; Burin.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 500 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49.

Above olive, darker on the head ; coronal patch bright yellow ;
lores, eye-region, and ear-coverts pale yellowish ; mystacal stripe
blackish ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-brown : beneath
clear fulvous, much whiter on the throat ; upper mandible blackish,
lower whitish ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 3-3 inches, wing
2*1, tail 1*1. Female similar, but no coronal patch.

Hub. Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, and north of La Plata.

a, b. c? ad. ; Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll.

r, d, 5 ad. sk.
c. d ad.; Roradma, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godma:i Coll.

f,g. 2ad.sk.

f 2

68

TYRANNIO.TR.

h. Ad. sk. Mt. Twek-quay, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

i. <3 ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j, k. J ad. ; Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. 2 ad. sk.

m. <$ ad. sk. Baliia. Gould Coll.

n, 3 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Jtn/ner).

o,p. <3 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

q, r. 3 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. cJ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

t. (faded) sk. S. America. C. Darwin, Esq.

8. Platyrhynchus coronatus.
Platyrhynchus coronatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 207, pi. xvii. ; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 45.
Above olive ; sides of head yellowish, bordered above by a black
superciliary line, and with a blackish patch beneath the eye ; crown
chestnut, with a median patch bright yellow : beneath yellowish olive ;
rather brighter on the throat and middle of the belly ; tipper man-
dible blackish, lower yellowish ; feet pale hazel : whole length 3*5
inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*1. Fern tie similar, but whole crown dark
chestnut.

Hab. Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

b-d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bitclrfe;i).
e. Ad. st. Ecuador.

Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.

9. Platyrhynchus superciliaris.

Platvrhynchus superciliaris, Lawr. Ibis, 1803, p. 184 (Panama) ;
Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 140, et 1870, p. 196 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis,
1885, p. 292 (Brit. Guiana) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45 ; Frantz.
J.f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa Rica).

Platyrhynchus cancroma, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 330.

Above olive ; sides of head yellow, bordered above by a black
supercilary line, and with a black patch beneath the eye ; crown
chestnut, with a golden median patch : beneath yellowish, slight
breast-band and sides olivaceous ; upper mandible blackish, lower
whitish ; feet pale hazel : whole length 3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 0-9.
Female similar, but no yellow coronal patch.

Hab. Veragua and Guiana.

a-c. Ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce).

(I, e. Ad. sk. Veragua {Arce).

f. Ad. sk. Santa Fe\ Veragua (Arce").

g. 2 a(l. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui {Arce).
h. 2 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
i, j. c? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( WMtely).
h, I 2 ad. sk. Albina r., Surinam ( C. Bart-

lett).
m. 3 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. i'P.~|.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

23. TODIROSTRUM. 69

23. TODIROSTRUM. Tyje

Todi rostrum, Less. Trait. d'Om. p. 384 (1831) T. cinereum.

Triccus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164 (1845) T. cinereum.

Pcecilotriccus, Berkpsch, Journ.f. O. 1884, p. 298 T. lenzi.

The long spatulate bill, somewhat resembling that of the genus
Todus, has been the occasion of the generic name of this group,
which contains about 16 species of diminutive size, but in many
cases of very ornamental colouring. They are spread over the
Neotropical Region from South Mexico to the southern limits of
Brazil and Bolivia.

Key to the Species.

A. Crown black or slaty.
a. Abdomen yellow.

a'. Throat not spotted, yellow.
a". Front black.

a'". Superciliaries black :

\ chin yellow 1 . cinereum, p. 69.

| chin white 2. sclateri, p. 71.

b'". Superciliaries yellow 3. chrysocrotaphum, p. 71.

b". Front black 4. polwcephalum, p. 71.

b'. Throat not spotted, white.
c". Back olive :

\ bend of wing black 5. nigriceps, p. 72.

I bend of wing chestnut 6. calopterum, p. 72.

d". Back black 7. pulchdlum, p. 72.

d. Throat spotted, yellow 8. guttatum, p. 73.

d'. Throat .spotted, white :

j crown black 9. macidatum, p. 73.

| crown grey 10. signatum, p. 74.

/;. Abdomen white :

J crown slaty 11. schist aceiceps, p. 74.

| crown black 12. picatum, p. 74.

B. Crown red.

e. Middle of abdomen white 13. capitate, p. 75.

d. Middle of abdomen yellow.

e'. Crown red, surrounded by a black

line . 14. ruficeps, p. 75.

f. Whole head above red :

( head darker red 15. rujigenc, p. 76,

) head lighter red 16. lenzi, p. 76.

1 . Todirostrum cinereum.

Todus cinereus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 178 ; Desm. Tang. pi. 68.

Muscitapa meloxautha, Sparrm. Mas. Carls, pi. 97.

Todus melanocephalus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pi. 9. 6g. 2 ; Max.
licit r. iii. p. 962 ; Sxo. Flycatch. p. 175, pi. 18.

Todirostrum cinereum, Less. Tr. d Om. i. p. 384 ; Lafr. Rev. Zool,
1846, p. 360 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 67, 148, 1856, p. 141, 1857,
pp. 83, 203, 1858, p. 458, et 1860, p. 283 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 444 ; id.
( 'at. A. B. p. 207 ; Pet. Om. Bras. p. 160 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 124 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama), 1868,

70

TYKAXNID.K.

p. 3;32 (Colombia); Tacz. P.Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (0. Peru), 1877,

p. 325 (W. Peru), 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18; id. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 225 ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Pernambuco) ; Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, 1870, p. 196 (Veragua), 1883, p. 423

( Panama) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guian.) ; Berlepsch, J.f. O.

1884, p. 298 (Bucararnanga) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89

(Ecuador).
Triccus ciuereus, Cab. in Scho7?ib. Guian. iii. p. 702 ; Tseh. Faun.

Per., Ares, p. 164 ; Cab. et Hein. Mies. Hem. ii. 50.
Triccus melanocephalus, Burm. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 495.
Todirostrum cinereum et T. melanocepbalum, Bp. Consp. i. p. 182.
Todirostrum plunibeum, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 273 (ex spir.

vim).

Above cinereous, crown black ; wings black, coverts and external
secondaries edged with white, primaries narrowly edged with
yellowish ; tail black, broadly tipped with white : beneath yellow ;
bill and feet black: whole length 3'7 inches, wing 1-7, tail 1"4.
Female similar.

Hab. South Mexico, Guatemala, and throughout Central and
Eastern South America to South-east Brazil. Beplaced in Western
Ecuador and Peru by T. sclateri.

$ ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

$ ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. et jr. sk.
" Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

/

J

k. 5 ad. sk.

/. J ad. sk.

m. ($ ad. sk.
n, o. ,5 $ ad.
p. Ad. sk.
(j. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.
t. <3 ad. sk.
u. 5 ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. x. Ad. sk.
y, z. Ad. sk.
a', V. Ad. sk.
c . d ad. sk.

d\ Ad. sk.

Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin).

Guatemala {Salv. $ Godm.).

Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer).

Belize (Salvin).

Sau Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely).

Honduras.

Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers).

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Bica

(Arce).
Bugaba, Cbiriqui (Arce).
Mina de Choreba, Cbiriqui

(Arce).
Santa Fe, Veragua {Arce).
Panama (MeLeannan).
Panama (MeLeannan).
Panama (Murkham).
Paraiso Station, Panama

( Hughes).
Santa Marta.

Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Medellin, Antioqua.
Bogota.
Bogota.

Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Minlos).
Intac, Ecuador (Buckley).
San Esteban, Venezuela

( Goering).
Trinidad.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Sclater Coll.
SSalvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
C. Dyson [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
T. K. Salmon [C.j.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Pure-based.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

23. TODIROSTRUM.

e',f. Ad. sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
( Whitely).

Salvin-Godiuan Coll.

</', h'. $ ad. sk.

Rorairna, Brit. Guiaua
( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i', /. Ad. sk.

Peruambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

A',' /'. Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Salviu-Godman Coll.

»«'. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

n'. Ad. sk.

Bolivia.

T. Bridges [C.].

</. Ad. st.

S. America.

Gould Coll.

#>'. Ad. st.

Brazil.

Gould Coll.

2. Todirostrum sclateri.

Triccus sclateri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 51.

Todirostrum sclateri, Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 (W.

Ecuador) ; Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88 (Ecuador) ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 226.
Todirostrum cinereum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 283 (W. Ecuador) ;

Tacz. P.Z. S. 1877, p. 325 (W. Peru).

Similar to T. cinereum, but the throat and nasal coverts white
{Bed. et Tacz.).

Hub. Western Ecuador and Western Peru.

3. Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum.

Todirostrum cLrysocrotaphurn, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48,
pi. xlix. ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Ucayali), 1873,
p. 278 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 45 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 227.

Triccus illigeri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49 (1859).

Above yellowish olive, crown and sides of the head black, broad
and lengthened superciliaries yellow ; wings black, margined with
yellowish olive ; tail black, with slight yellowish edgings : beneath
bright yellow, chin whitish ; bill and feet black : whole length
3-4 inches, wing 1*6, tail 1*2.

Hob. Upper Amazonia.

The broad yellow superciliaries at once distinguish this species
from all its allies except T. guttatum, which has a spotted breast.

a. d ad. sk. Upper Ucavali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. C. Bartlett [C.].

4. Todirostrum poliocephalum.

Todus poliocephalus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 965.

Todirostrum tlavifrons, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 361.

Todirostrum poliocephalum, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84 ; id. Cat. A.

B. p. 208 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Triccus poliocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 496.

Above olive, crown dark cinereous ; large frontal spot on each
side yellow ; wings and tail black, edged with yellowish : beneath
yellow ; bill black, feet blackish : whole length 4 inches, wing 1*7,
tail 1-4. Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

72

TYKAXNID.E.

The yellow front, divided in the middle by a narrow black line,
renders this species easily distinguishable.

a. cJ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

f. Albino var. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

g. Ad. st. Brazil. Gould Coll.

5. Todirostrum nigriceps.

Todirostrum nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 66, pi. 84. fig-. 1, et
1857, pp. 82, 84 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207 : Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 858 (Panama); iid. No?)ie7icl. p. 45; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 307 (Costa Bica).

Triccus nigriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49.

Above olivaceous yellow, crown and sides of head black ; wings
and tail black edged with yellowish : beneath yellow, throat white ;
bill and feet black : whole length 3-2 inches, wing 1-6, tail 1.
Female similar.

Hah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador.

a, b. rf 2 ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk.

Santa Marta, U. S. C.

Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)

(I. Ad. sk.

Rio Napo.

Sclater Coll.

e. Ad.

Ecuador.

Gould Coll.

6. Todirostrum calopterum.

Todirostrum calopterum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 82, pi. cxxv. fig. 1 ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 45.

Above yellowish olive : whole head above and nape black; wings
black, lesser wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellow,
bend of the wing dark chestnut ; tail black, with slight external
olivaceous margins : beneath bright yellow, throat white ; bill black ;
feet dark brown : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-3.

Hub. Ecuador.

The chestnut patch at the bend of the wing at once distinguishes
this species from all its congeners except T. pulchellum, which has
the back black.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll.

7. Todirostrum pulchellum.

Tndiro.-trum pulchellum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 781; Tacz. Orn. Per.
ii. p. 227.

23. TODTROSTRTJM. 73

Above black, rump olivaceous ; wings black, lesser wing-coverts
yellow, bend of the wing dark chestnut : tail black, outer margin of
external rectrix whitish : beneath bright yellow, throat white ; bill
and feet black: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1*3.

Hub. Southern Peru.

The black upper surface renders this species easily recognizable.

a. J ad.sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (TVhitely). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

8. Todirostrum guttatum.

Todirostrum guttatum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 45.

Above yellowish olive : crown and sides of head black, a broad
superciliary line behiud the eye yellow ; small loral spot whitish ;
wings and tail black, coverts and outer secoudaries broadly edged
with yellow, remiges and rectrices narrowly with olive : beneath
yellow, chin whitish, throat and breast spotted with black ; bill
black ; feet blackish : whole length 3-7 inches, wing 1-6, tail 14.

Bab. Colombia and Upper Amazonia.

Easily distinguished from the two other species with spotted
throats by the ground-colour of the throat being yellow, not white,
and by the yellow postsuperciliary band.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

6. Ad. sk. Pebas, Upper Amazons (Hauzicell). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.

9. Todirostrum maculatum.

Todus maculatus, Desm. Tang. pi. 70.

Platvrhynchus maculatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 19 ; id. Etic.
Meth. p. 841.

Todus cinereus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pi. 10. fig. 1.

Todirostrum maculatum, Less. Tr. a" Orn. i. p. 384; Lafr.JRev. Zool.
1840, p. 360 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208 ;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18(36, p. 187, 1867,
p. 978, 1873, p. 278 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 45 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873,
p. 381 (Lower Amazons) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guiana).

Above olive, crown black ; wings and tail black, edged with
yellowish olive : beneath pale yellow, throat white ; throat and
breast striated with black ; bill black, pale at the base ; feet
brown: whole length 3-5 inches, wing P9, tail 1*3. Female
similar.

a, b. <3 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
iWhitely).

c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

d. 3 ad. sk. Barcellos, Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Mexiaua, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll.

( Wallace).

74 TYEANNIDiE.

f. S ad. sk. Para (Zayard). Tweeddale Coll.

;/. Ad. sk. S. America. Gould Coll.

'//. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased.

i. Ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

10. Todirostrum signatum.

Todirostrum signatum, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 207 ; Tacz. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 228.
Todirostrum maculatum, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. I860, p. 187 (Upper

Ucayali), 1807, p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru).

Above olive, head above grey ; wings and tail black, edged with
yellowish olive : beneath yellow, throat white ; throat and breast
striated with black ; bill blackish, under mandible whitish : whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-3.

Bab. Upper Amazonia.

A very close ally of T. maculatum, distinguishable only by its
lighter, grey, cap.

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxicett). Salvin-Godman Coll. I

b. J ad.sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. j

(Types of the species.)

11. Todirostrum schistaceiceps.

Todirostrum schistaceiceps, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444 ; id. P. Z. S.

1859, p. 384 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1800, p. 399 ;

iid. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 358 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 45.
Todirostrum superciliaris, Law)1. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 19 (Cartagena).

Above olive ; head above and nape cinereous ; lores white ; wings
and tail black, coverts broadly tipped with yellowish ; remiges and
rectrices narrowly edged externally with olive : beneath slaty white ;
flanks and crissum pale yellowish ; under wing-coverts yellow ;
bill dark horn-colour, with tomise white ; feet pale brown : whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-3. Female similar.

Hub. S. Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela.

a. Ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

I) c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Cull.

e,f. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

<j. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

h, i. c? 5 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

;', k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/, m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

12. Todirostrum picatum.

Todirostrum picatum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70; id. Cat. A'. B.
p. 208 ; Scl. et Salv. No7neficl. p. 45.

23. TODIROSTRUM. 75

Above black ; lores whitish, a patch on the outer webs of the
external secondaries creamy white ; tail black, external rectrices
tipped with white : beneath white ; sides of breast blackish, flanks
and under wing-coverts tinged with yellow ; upper mandible black,
lower mandible and feet white : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2,
tail 1-4.

Hub. Western Eucador.

A very well-marked species, recognizable by its black upper
surface.

a. Ad. sk. Eio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Eio Napo. Purchased.

d. e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

13. Todirostrum capitale.

Todirostruin capitale, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 88, pi. 125. fig. 2, et
1858, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.

Above olive ; crown rufous ; wings blackish, edged with olive ;
outer secondaries with a broad external margin of pale yellowish
(as in T. pkatum) ; tail blackish, edged with olive ; outer rectrices
tipped with white : beneath white, sides of neck dusky grey ; flanks
and under wing-coverts tinged with pale yellowish ; bill above
black, lower mandible white ; feet pale brown : whole length 2*5
inches, wing 1*7, tail 1*3.

Hub. Western Ecuador.

Count v. Berlepsch suggests to me that this may be the female of
T. pkatum, which is possible, though in all other species of the
genus the sexes arc similar.

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad.sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased.

e,f. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

14. Todirostrum ruficeps.

Todirostrum ruficeps, Kemp, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1855, pp. 67, 148, et 1857, p. 84 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 45 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 512 (Antioquia).
Todirostrum multicolor, Strickl. Contr. Dm. 1852, p. 42, pi. 85. fig. 2.

Above clear olive ; crown red, surrounded by a black line ; ear-
coverts white, bordered below by a black line ; wings and tail black,
coverts tipped with pale yellow ; remiges and rectrices margined
with olive : beneath yellow ; chin, throat, and fore neck white ; bill
black : feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-5.
/•'. nidi, similar.

Hub. Colombia.

7() TYRANNID.K.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

r, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

h. c? ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

15. Todirostrum rufigene.

Todirostrum ruficeps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador).
Todirostrum rufigene, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 522.
Poecilotriccus ruilgenis, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 298.

Above clear olive, crown red ; ear-coverts pale rufous ; wings aud
tail black, margined with olive; coverts tipped with pale yellow:
beneath yellow, throat in the middle white, at the sides washed with
rufous ; bill black, feet pale brown : whole length 2-5 inches, wing
1-8, tail 1-4.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

Distinguished from T. ruficeps by the rufous sides of the head.

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. <S ad. sk. Cayandeled, Ecuador (Stokmann). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

16. Todirostrum lenzi.

Todirostrum lenzi, Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 249, t. i. figs. 1, 2.
Poecilotriccus lenzi, Berl. J.f. 0. 1884, p. 298.

Similar to T. ruficeps and T. rufigene : but different from the
former in the uniform rusty-red colour of the head, and from the
latter in the brighter colour of the head, its greater extension over
the nape, the transverse rufous line across the throat, and the
brighter yellow abdomen (Berlepscli).

Hob. Bucaramanga, Colombia.

24. 0NC0ST0MA.

Type.

Oncostoma, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 208 (1802) 0. cinereigulare.

This little genus comprehends two Central-American species
closely allied to Todirostrum in general structure, but distinguished
by the much incurved and elevated culmen of the bill.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat cinereous 1. cinereigulare, p. 77.

15. Whole under surface yellow 2. olivacemn, p. 77.

24. ONCOSTOMA. 77

1 . Oncostoma cinereigulare.

Todirostram cinereigulare, Selater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295 (Mexico) ;

id. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84, et 1859, p. 384 (Mexico) ; id. Ibis, 1859,

p. 444 ; Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12.
Oncostoma cinereigulare, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Scl. et Salt).

Nbmencl. p. 45 ; Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 194 (Vera Paz) ; id. P. Z. S.

1870, p. 196 (Veragua) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa

Rica) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 447 (Yucatan).

Above olive-green, crown slightly cinerascent ; wings and tail
blackish ; wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with
yellowish olive ; primaries and rectrices narrowly margined with
green ; bend of wing yellowish : beneath yellowish, slightly rlammu-
lated with olive ; throat and breast cinereous ; under wing-coverts
pale yellowish ; bill dark horn-colour, whitish at the base ; feet
pale brown : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female
similar.

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America to Chiriqui.

a. 3 ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Selater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaunter). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Selater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Col!.

e. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvi?i). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
'h. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

t. c?ad. ; j. Ad. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk. vin).

k. cjad.sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arc€). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. st. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.].

2. Oncostoma olivaceum.

Todirostrum olivaceum, Lawrence, Ibis, 1862, p. 12.
Oncostoma olivacea, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 473 (Panama).
Oncostoma olivaceum, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama) ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 45.

Above uniform rather yellowish olive ; wings and tail blackish :
wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with yellowish ;
primaries and rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath
uniform yellowish, passing into olivaceous at the sides ; under wing-
covorts sulphur-yellow ; bill corneous ; feet pale brown : whole
length 3-4 inches, wing 1"7, tail 1*4.

Ihd). Panama.

Easily known from 0. cinereigulare by its uniform yellowish
under surface.

a. Jad.sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Selater Coll.

iO TYRKXXin.15.

25. EUSCARTHMUS *.

Type.
Euscartlimus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 945 (1831) E. nidipendulua.

The group to which Cabanis and Heine have restricted Prince
Max. of Neuwied's term Euscarthmiisf embraces about fifteen species,
which are distributed over the wooded districts of South America
from Colombia to Bolivia and South Brazil. Their general
characters are much those of Todirostrum, but the bill is not so
much produced and is more spatulate.

Kiy to the Species.

A. Throat uniform, not striated.

a. Throat white or whitish olivaceous.
a'. Crown olive like the back.

a". Lores olive :

I no white eye-ring 1. nidipendulus, p. 78.

| a white eye-ring 2. zosterops, p. 79.

b". Lores whitish 3. orbitatus, p. 79.

c". Lores brownish 4. fumifrons, p. 79.

b'. Crown brownish 5. pelzelni, p. 80.

c'. Crown greyish :

I lores whitish 6. marr/aritaceiventer, p. 80.

) lores rufous 7. latirostris, p. 81.

b. Throat more or less rufous.
a". Breast white :

wings banded 8. gularis, p. 81.

wings unhanded 9. rufiyularis, p. 82.

e' . Breast rufous 10. russatus, p. 82.

c. Throat black :

I lores whitish 11. granadensis, p. 82.

) lores rufous 12. pi/rrhops, p. 83.

B. Throat striated.

d. Under surface yellowish 13. striaticottis, p. 83.

e. Under surface whitish :
i wing-bands yellowish 14. impiger, p. 84.

wing-bands white 15. inurnatus, p. 84.

1. Euscarthmus nidipendulus.

Euscartlimus nidipendulus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 950 ; Cab. et Hein.
Mas. Hein. ii. p. 50 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 208 ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras.
p. 102 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.

Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with
olive : beneath dirty white, tinged with olive on the flanks ; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; bill pale hazel ; feet brown : whole length
3-5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1-3. Female similar.

/fab. S.E. Brazil.

* See also E. limbatua, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51 (Brazil) ; E. senex,
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101 (Borba) ; and E. mfipes (Cab.), Tacz. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 233 (Peru).

t Cf. Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 50.

25. EUSCARTHMUS. 79

a, 6. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. cJad. sk. Ypanema, Sao Paolo, Brazil Sclater Coll.

(Niitterer).

f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2. Euscarthmus zosterops.

Euscartkrnus zosterops, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 102, 173 ; Scl. et Solo.
Nomend. p. 45 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 138.

Above olive-green ; slight ring round the eye whitish ; wings
and tail blackish, edged with olive : beneath pale yellowish ; bill and
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1*6.

Hob. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.

Larger than E. nzdipendulus, yellowish below, and with a slight
whitish ring round the eye.

a. Jad.sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

3. Euscarthmus orbitatus.

Euscarthmus orbitatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 958 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Hein. ii. p. 51 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102.
Todirostruni orbitatuun, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 257.
Todirostrum palpebrosum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 362; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 183 ; Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Triccus orbitatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 497.

Above olive ; lores and broad line round the eye whitish ; ear-
coverts brown ; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with yellowish
olive : beneath yellowish olive, clearer on the belly, more whitish on
the throat ; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill brown, under
mandible paler ; feet pale brown : whole length 4*7 inches, wing
2-2, tail 2.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

The description is taken from a male specimen in the Vienna
Museum, obtained by Natterer at Ypanema in the Province of Sao
Paolo, Brazil, for an opportunity of examining which I have to
thank Herr v. Pelzeln and the officers of that institution. If Herr
v. Pelzeln's determination of the species (as E. orbitatus) is correct,
which I believe to be the case, it is quite distinct from E. striaticollis,
with which it has been sometimes considered synonymous. The
latter is at once recognizable by its strongly striated throat and
front neck.

The larger size, besides the markings on the face, distinguishes
E. orbitatus from the two preceding species.

4. Euscarthmus fumifrons.

Todirostrum fumifrons, Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 35; Sclater

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857, p. 84".
Euscarthmus fumifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51 ; Pelz.

TYKAXXIDJ3.

Om. Bras. p. 101 : Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 20!) : Scl et Salv. Nomencl.

m P- 4'" • .

Triccus crmitus, Burnt. Syst. Leb. ii. p. 497.

Abo\ e olive-green ; front and eye-region rufous; wings and tail
blackish, margined with olive ; wing-coverts tipped and outer
secondaries edged with yellowish olive : bend of the wing yellow :
beneath pale yellowish, brighter in the middle ; throat white ;
under wing- coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark plumbeous :
whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1"2.

Hub. Cayenne and Guiana : (S.E. Brazil ?).

The description is taken from a specimen from Oyapoc, Cayenne
(JelsJci), which has been compared with the type of Todus crinitus,
Licht., in the Berlin iluseum.

a. $ad. sk. St. George, Oyapoc, Cayenne Sclater Coll.

(JeMi).

b. Ad. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Guiana (?). Sclater Coll.

5. Euscarthmus pelzelni.

Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer, Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 101; Scl. et
Sato, Nomencl. p. 45.

Euscarthmus pelzelni. Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 2(38.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts tipped
and outer secondaries edged with whitish, rest of remiges and
rectrices narrowly edged with olive ; whole head above with sides
and nape mouse-brown : beneath pearly white, sides of breast pale
cinereous ; flanks and under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish ;
bill and feet red : total length 3-5 inches, wing 1-8, tail 1-5.

Bah. Cuyaba, Brazil.

Allied to E. margaritaceiventer, but distinguished by its brown
head and well-marked whitish wing-bands.

a. <5 ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Xatt.). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

6. Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer.

Tachuri pardo vientre de perla, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 90.

Todirostrum margaritaceiventer, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 46;
d~Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. figs. 3, 4 ; Hartl. Lid. Az. p. 1L

Triccus margaritaceiventris, Burm. Syst. TJeb. hi. p. 456 ; id. La-
Plata Bei.se, ii. p. 456.

Euscarthmus margaritaceiventris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z.S. 1879, p. 612
(Bolivia) : Salvm, Lbi-s, 1880, p. 357 (Tucuman); TMiite, P.Z. S.
1882, p. 605 (Oran) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Om. i. p. 136.

Euscarthmus wuchereri, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45 ; iid. P. Z. S.
1876, p. 16 (Peru) ; Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 233.

Above olive-gTeen ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-

25. EUSCAKTHMUS. 81

green ; whole head above, including sides and back of neck, dark
cinereous : beneath pearly white, passing into pale cinereous on the
sides ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; flanks tinged with oliva-
ceous ; bill hazel, darker above ; feet red : whole length 4-5 inches,
wing 2-1, tail 2-9.

Hah. Paraguay, Northern La Plata, Bolivia, S. Peru, and S.E.
Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Durnfurd). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater ("oil. (Type

of E. ivuchereri.)

c. Ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Venezuela {Dyson) ? Purchased.

7. Euscarthmns latirostris.
Euscarthmus latirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bra*, p. 101.

Above olivaceous ; cap pale cinereous ; front, lores, and eye-
region rufous ; wings and tail ashy black, wing-coverts edged with
yellowish brown, wing and tail-feathers edged with olive, bend of
the wing yellow : beneath ashy white ; throat and middle of the
belly pure white : flanks tinged with olive ; under wing-coverts
yellow ; bill blackish ; feet dark cinereous : whole length 3-9 inches,
wing 1-9, tail 1-3.

Hub. Upper Amazonia.

This species is nearly allied to E. gularis, but readily distinguish-
able by its rufous front and white throat.

a, h. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Hauxicell). Gould Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardiue Coll.

d, e. 2 ad. sk. Nauta, R. Amazon. E. Bartlett [C.].

(In bad condition, perhaps different.)

8. Euscarthmus gularis.

Muscicapa gularis, Temm. PI. Col. 1G7. fig. 1.

Todirostrum gulare, (VOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 46; cTOrb. Vorj.,

Ois. p. 315 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Todirostrum rufilatum, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 98 ; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Euscarthmus gularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 51 ; <S'e/. Cat.

A B. p. 209; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 45 ; iid. P. Z S. 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882,

p. 605 (Corrientes) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Pernambuco) ;

Berl. et J/ier. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul) ;

Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136.
Todirostrum plumbeiceps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 361.

Above olive ; wings blackish, wing-coverts tipped and outer
secondaries edged with yellowish white, forming two distinct bands,
remiges and rectrices narrowly margined with olive ; head above
dark^cinereous ; lores and sides of the head, surrounding the dark
ear-coverts, rufous: beneath white, sides of the breast greyish;

vol. xiv. G

82 TYRANNID^.

chin and sides of throat rufons like the lores : flanks and under
wing-coverts tinged with yellowish : whole length 3-5 inches, wing
1-8, tail 1-4. Female similar.

Bab. S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, and Northern La Plata.

a, b. £ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Joyner).

c. Jr. sk. S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Could Coll.
f-h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

V, ;'. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Euscarthrnus ruflgularis.

Euscarthnius rutigularis, Cab. J. f. O. 187-3, p. 67 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 534; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 231.

Next to E. gularis, but larger, bill broader; no bands on the
wing-coverts (Cabanis).
Hab. Peru.

10. Euscarthrnus russatus. (Plate IX. fig. 1.)

Euscarthrnus russatus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 445 ; Salvin, Ibis,
1885, p. 292.

Above olive-green ; crown and nape dark cinereous ; front, lores,
and sides of head deep rufous ; wings and tail blackish, wing-
coverts tipped with rufous, forming two distinct bands, remiges
and rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath, whole throat
and breast deep rufous ; abdomen pale cinereous white ; thighs,
crissum, and under wing-coverts tinged with rufous : whole length
4 inches, wing 1-8, tail 1-4. Female similar.

Bab. Roraima district, British Guiana.

A very well-marked species, at once distinguishable by its deep
rufous throat and breast.

a, b. J ad. ; c. £ Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad.sk. (Whitely). (T\ pes of the species.)

d.e. cJ 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
{Whitely).

11. Euscarthrnus granadensis.

Todirostrum granadense, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289; Strickl. Contr.

Orn. 1852, p. 41, pi. 85 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857,

p. 84.
Euscarthrnus granadensis, Scl. Cat. A. B>. p. 209 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 45 ; Berlepsch, J. f. O. 1884, p. 299 (Bucaramanga).
Todirostrum pectorale, Kaup, P.Z. S. 1851, p. 52.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green ; lores white : beneath greyish white, clear white on the breast
and the middle of the belly ; throat black ; under wing-coverts pale

25. EUSCARTHMUS. 83

yellow ; flanks and crissum yellowish olive ; bill dark horn-colour ;
feet pale brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1*6.
Female similar.
Hub. Colombia.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c-e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

f> 9- c? 2 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon),

h. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia. T. K. Salmon [C.].

12. Euscarthmus pyrrhops.

Euscarthmus pyrrhops, Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 98 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 535, et 1882, p. 18 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 232 ; Tacz. et Berl.

P.Z.S. 1885, p. 117.
Euscarthmus ocularis, Salvin, Pois, 1876, p. 493 (Ecuador).

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish edged with olive ;
large loral spot and eye-region pale rufous : beneath pale greyish
white, clear white on the middle of the breast and the belly ; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; flanks and crissum tinged with olivaceous ;
beak horn-colour, paler below ; feet pale brown : whole length 3"5
inches, wing 1"8, tail 1*6.

Hob. Western Peru and Ecuador.

Similar to E. granadensis, but with the sides of the head rufous.

a. <3 ad. sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolzman). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen of E. pyrrhops.')

b. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Puna I., Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of E. ocularis.)

13. Euscarthmus striaticollis.

Todirostrum striaticolle, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 58.

Euscarthmus striaticollis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomeywl. p. 45.
Euscarthmus orbitatus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 209 (err.).

Above yellowish olive, rather brownish on the head ; lores
whitish ; wings and tail blackish, edged with yellowish olive :
beneath yellow ; throat white, striated with black : under wing- coverts
pale yellow ; flanks olivaceous ; bill plumbeous ; feet pale brown :
whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2*1, tail 1*8. Female similar.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

A rather large species, with somewhat strong bill, and at once
known by its striated throat and yellow belly.

a. Ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Villa Maria, Mato Grosso Sclater Coll.

(Nutterer).

g 2

84

TV'KAXXJH.K.

c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. st.

Brazil.

Brazil.
Bogota (?).
Bahia.

Sclater Ooll.
Salvm-(iodman Coll.
Purchased.
Sudbury Museum.

14. Euscarthmus impiger. (Plate IX. fig. 2.)

Euscarthmus impiger, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, t. xiii. fig. 1,
et 1869, p. 253 (Venezuela) ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 299 (Buca-
ramanga).

Structure of Euscarthmus impiger. (P. Z. S. 1SB8, p. 171.)

Above mouse-brown, with an olivaceous tinge on the back ;
wings and tail blackish, the wing-coverts tipped and outer secon-
daries edged externally with yellowish white, the other remiges
and the rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath white,
flammulated on the throat and breast with pale cinereous ; under
wing-coverts pale yellow : bill brown ; feet red : whole length 4-2
inches, wing 1*9, tail P8.

Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.

a. S ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering).

b. J ad. sk.

c, d. Ad. sk.

Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering).
Bogota.

Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

15. Euscarthmus inornatus.

Euscarthmus inornatus, Pelz. Om. Bras. pp. 102, 174 (1871).

I have examined the single specimen of this species in the Vienna
Museum. It is most nearly allied to E. impiger, but rather smaller
in size, darker in colour above, and has the wing-bauds of a clear
white : whole length 3-3 inches, wing P7, tail T3.

Hab. Rio Negro district of Brazil (Natterer).

20. CERATOTRICCUS. 27. PBEUDOXBICCCS. 85

26. CERATOTRICCUS. _

Ceratotriccus, Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 87 C. furcatus.

This well-marked form has been separated from its allies by
Dr. Cabanis on account of its peculiar tail, which is slightly forked,
and has the outer rectrices rather widened at the tips.

1. Ceratotriccus furcatus.

Todirostrum furcatum, Lajr. JRev. Zool. 184.6, p. 362.
Ceratotriccus furcatus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 87.
Euscarthmus apicalis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, pi. ix. fig. 1.

Above olive-green ; head dull rufous ; lores paler : wings blackish,
slightly edged with rufous ; tail dark grey, broadly tipped with
clear white, which is bordered by a black subapical band : beneath
cinereous ; throat rufous, like the head : a large cervical spot white ;
under wing-coverts white ; band of the wing yellowish ; bill and
feet pale brown : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1-6.

Hah. Brazil.

The white tail-band and white cervical spot at once distinguish
this species, of which I have examined a single specimen, in the
Paris Museum.

27. PSEUDOTRICCUS.

Type.
Pseudotriccus, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 88 P. pelzelni.

This singular form of Western Ecuador much resembles in
general aspect the female of Myiobius flavicans, and one of the
specimens was long in my collection doubtfully referred to that
species. It is, however, not nearly allied to Myiobius, and in its long,
smooth, and slender tarsi seems to come closer to Todirostrum and
Euscarthmus, near whicb, for the present, I place it. At the same
time, the two outer toes are rather more connected than is usual in
the Tyrannidce, and it is quite possible that Pseudotriccus may
turn out to be a Piprine form, as maintained by its discoverer,
M. Stolzmann.

1. Pseudotriccus pelzelni.
Pseudotriccus pelzelni, Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88.

Above uniform dark olive ; wings and tail blackish, the wing-
coverts like the back, the remiges and rectrices slightly edged with
brownish olive : beneath yellowish olive, paler in the middle ; bill
dark horn-colour, feet pale brown : whole -length 4-2 inches, wing
2-4, tail 1-9.

Hub. Western Ecuador.

a. cJad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzwann). Sclater Coll.

(Autheutic specimen.)

b. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sckter Coll.

(Perhaps different.)

86 TTKANNID.E.

28. CiENOTKICCUS *

Under this term, I propose to isolate the peculiar Todirostrum
ruficeps of Lafrcsnaye, which has been referred to several widely
different genera, without receiving an appropriate abiding-place.
Its long smooth tarsi show an affinity to the Todirostrine group,
where I will place it for the present. Ccenotriccus is mostly found
in Bogota collections, but was obtained by Buckley in Eastern
Ecuador.

1. Caenotriccus raficeps.

Muscicapa (Todirostrum) ruficeps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291.

Fluvicola ruficeps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80.

Conopophaga ruficeps, Lafr. May. de Zool. 1844, pi. 51 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 203.
Tyrannula ruficeps, Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Serphophaga ruficeps, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 212 ; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 47 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 237.

Olive-green ; whole head bright chestnut ; wings and tail blackish,
edged with rather darker chestnut : beneath paler, middle of belly
yellowish ; upper mandible horn-colour, lower yellowish ; feet pale
brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 1*8.

Hub. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Selater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. f. Ad. et jr. Bogota. Jardiue Coll.
"sk.

g. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

29. LOPHOTRICCUS. „

Type.

Lophotriccus, Bed. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 L. spicifer.

This dismemberment of the genus Todirostrum contains two
species distinguished by their elevated crest and shorter smaller
bill. They range from Costa llica southwards over Upper Amazonia
and Venezuela.

Ken t° ^ie Species.

A. Crest-feathers edged with whitish 1. spicifer, p. 87.

B. Crest-feathers edged with rufous 2. squamicristatus, p. 87.

cat) os receiis et rpiK/cos nom. propr.

29. LornoTRrccrs. 87

1. Lophotriccus spicifer.

Todirostrura spiciferum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3(33 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1855, p. 67, pi. lxxxiv. fig. 2.
Euscarthmus spicifer, Scl. et Sab. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 187, 1867, p. 751,

et 1*73, p. 278 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 45.
Colopterus galeatus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru).
Lophotriccus spicifer, Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 229.

Above olive-green ; head-crest of elongated blackish feathers
narrowly edged with greyish white ; wings and tail blackish,
margined with olive ; the wing-coverts and outer secondaries more
broadly tipped and edged with yellowish green : beneath greyish
white, with slight obsolete darker striations and strong yellowish
tinge on the belly ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; bill cor-
neous ; feet brown : whole length 2-7 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6.
Female similar.

Hob. Upper Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

b. 5 ad. sk. Lower Ucayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

c. C? ad. sk. Ucayali (Hau.nvell). Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Yquitos, E. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

e. 3 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Purchased.

f. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.

g. h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Lophotriccus squamicristatus.

Todirostrura squamicristatum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 303; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, 1857, p. 84, 1858, p. 70, 1859, p. 144, et

1860, pp. 283, 295 : Bp. Consp. i. p. 183.
Euscarthmus squamicristatus, Frantz. J. f O. 1809, p. 307 (Costa

Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 145.
Lophotriccus squamicristatus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553,

1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. *9 ( Ecuador) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 230.
Orchilus pileatos, Cab. in Tseh. F. P., Aves, p. 164 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1*74, p. 535, 1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 18 (Peru).
Euscarthmus pileatus, Tseh. F. P., Aves, p. 164, t. ix. fig. 1 (?).

Above olive-green : elongated crest-feathers black, broadly tipped
with rufous ; wings and tail blackish edged with olive, the edgings
of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and more yellowish :
beneath greyish white, clearer in the middle ; striated with darker
colour on the throat and breast : abdomen tinged with yellowish
green ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet
pale brown : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*8. Female
similar.

Hah. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Upper Amazonia,
Ecuador and Peru.

a. d ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Zeledon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Turri.dba, Costa Pica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Pica (Arce'). Salvin-Godman Coll.

88

TYFANNIH.l',.

rf.Ad.sk. Costa Rica (Arc6). Sclater Coll.

e. 3 ad. sk. Chitra, Yernpua (Arctj. 0. Calvin, Esq. [P.].

f, g. cJ ad. ; //. CaJovevora, Veragua (Arc£). Salvin-Godman Coll.

$ ad. sk.

t. Ad. sk. Cbiriqui (Arc£). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Gotri)i(j).

k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

vi. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. Ad.sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Ulinff- Salvin-Godman Coll.

worth ) .

r. Ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fmser). Sclater Coll.

s. rf ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser), Sclater Coll.

t. S ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Jar dine Coll.

u, v. J ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine Coll.

iv. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

30. ORCHILUS.

Orchilus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aces, p. 16-4 (1845)

Type.
0. auricularis.

This genus was based upon Todirostrum auricular e of S.E. Brazil,
distinguished from the parent form by its shorter and very slender
tarsi, feebler and shorter bill, and smaller tail. With this form has
been associated the remarkable T. ecaudatum with the tail exces-
sively diminished, which ought in strictness, perhaps, to be again
separated, but is, no doubt, closely allied.

The range of this genus extends from Costa Bica to Bolivia and
Paraguay.

Key to the Species.

A. Tail moderate, twice as long as tarsus : a well-

defined black auricular spot 1 . auricularis, p. 88.

B. Tail very short, not exceeding tarsus ; no

auricular spot :

J crown cinereous 2. ecaudatus, p. 89.

) crown black 3. atricapillus, p. 89.

1. Orchilus auricularis.

Platvrhvnehus auricularis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 10 ; id. Enc.

Meth'.^. 838.
Euscarthmus cinereicollis, Max. Beifr. iii. p. 955.
Vermivora melanotis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 386.
Todus megacephalus, Sw. Nat. Libr. Flycatch. p. 177, pi. 19.
Orchilus cinereicollis, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 164.
Todirostrum cinereicolle, Hartl. Verz. Mv$. Bran. Nachtr. p. 11.
Todirostrum auriculare, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 364 ) Bp. Consp,

i. p. 1*2.

30. ORCHILUS. 80

Triccus auricularis, Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. -i'.»f).

Orchilus auricularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51 ; Scl. Cat. A.

B. p. 209 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102 ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 45 ;

Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304 (S. Paulo) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88

(Rio); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande

do Sul).

Above bright olive-green ; wings and tail blackish with olive-
green edgings, which are more yellowish on the wing-coverts and
outer secondaries ; ring round the eye and adjacent portion of ear-
coverts pale rufous, bordered behind by a large black patch : beneath
yellowish, clearer in the middle of the belly ; throat greyish white,
obsoletely striated with blackish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ;
bill horn-colour, whiter below at the base ; feet reddish : whole
length 2-5 inches, wing 1*6, tail 1*1.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Parana, Brazil (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
y. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

h. Ad. st. Brazil. Gould Coll.

i. Ad. st. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll.

2. Orchilus ecaudatus.

Todirostium ecaudatum, a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47 ; aVOrb. Vol/.,

Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. tigs. 1, 2.
Orchilus ecaudatus, Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 102 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S.

1868, p. 631, 1878, p. 138, et 1879, p. 613 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 45 ;

Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 234.

Above yellowish olive ; crown cinereous ; wings and tail blackish
narrowly edged with olive, the margins of the coverts and outer
secondaries broader and more yellowish : beneath white, abdomen
tinged with yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow : whole
length 2-8 inches, wing 1*2, tail 0-5.

Hub. Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela.

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

3. Orchilus atricapillus.

Todirostium ecaudatus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 110.
Orchilus atricapillus, Later. Ibis, 1875, p. 385.

Like O. ecaudatus, but crown black, a white line through the
lores, and abdomen clear yellow (Lawrence).
Hub. Costa Rica.

90

TYRANNISE.

81. COLOPTERUS.

Type.

Colopterus, Cab. in Ber. Verh. Ak. Berlin, 1845, p. 216. C. galeatus.

Wings of Colopterus pilaris, rf et 2 .

The exceedingly curious wing-structure at once enables us to
recognize the form appropriately designated Colopterus by Cabanis,
of which two species are known, ranging from Veragua to Amazonia.
Both of them have a modified Todirostrine bill, and thin tarsi with
the division of the scutes in front well-marked. In the male of the
non-crested C. pilaris the four outer primaries are diminished to
barely more than two thirds of their normal length, and reduced in
size accordingly. In the crested C. galeatus this character is not so
strongly pronounced and seems to embrace only the three outer
primaries.

Key to the Species.

A. Non-crested ; four outer primaries ab-

normally reduced 1. pilaris, p. 90.

B. Crested ; three outer primaries abnormally

reduced 2. galeatus, p. 91.

1. Colopterus pilaris.

Colopterus pilaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 253; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 184 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 52 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 210 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 (Venezuela) ;

Salr. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880,

p. 124 (Santa Marta).
Todirostrum exile, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83, pi. exxv. fig. 3.

Crestless ; above olive, wings and tail blackish edged with olive,
the margins of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and
brighter : below greyish white ; flanks and under wing-coverts
yellowish ; bill brown ; feet reddish hazel : whole length 3-2 inches,
wing 1-7, tail 1'3.

Bab. Veragua and Colombia.

a, b. tf ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

(1, e. All. sk. Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

f-i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

j, k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

32. HEMITRICCUS. 91

2. Colopterus galeatus.

Figuier hup! ie Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 391. fig. 1.

Motacilla galeata, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl, p. 24.

Colopterus galeatus, Cab. et Hein. Mils. Hein. ii. p. 52 ; Scl. Cat
A. B. p. 210 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 577 (Lower Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 46 ; Bayard, Ibis,
1873, p. 382 (Para); Tctcz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru);
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Br. Guian.).

Motacilla cristata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 972.

Colopterus cristatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 253 ; Cab. et
Hein. 31us. Hein. ii. p. 52.

Above olive ; elongated crest-feathers blackish in the centre :
wings and tail blackish edged with olive : beneath whitish, with
obsolete ashy striatious on the throat and breast ; belly and flanks
tinged with yellowish olive ; under wing-coverts pale yellow; bill
horn-colour ; feet pale brown : whole length 3'3 inches, wing 1/7,
tail 1"5. Female similar.

Hub. Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk.

Venezuela.

Sclater Coll.

b, c. c? ad. ; d. $

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

ad. sk.

( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. $ ad. sk.

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

f-g. Ad. sk.

Cayenne.

Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk.

Cayenne (Jelski).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk.

Para {Bayard).

Tweeddale Coll.

j. Ad. sk.

Lower Amazons ( Wcdlace).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. cS ad. sk.

Capim r., Lower Amazons

( Wallace).

Salvin-Godman Coll,

/. Ad. ad.

Cayenne.

Purchased.

32. HEMITKICCUS. „,

Type.
Hemitriccus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52 (1859) H. diops.

The Brazilian form isolated by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine under
the name Hemitriccus is not very far from Euscarihmus, but may be
suffered to remain alone in view of its narrow beak and longer tail.
The tarsi are long and slender, with the scutal divisions apparent.

1. Hemitriccus diops.

Muscicapa diops, Temm. PL Col. 144. f. 1.

Todirostrum diops, Bafr. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 365 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 182.
Euscarthmus vilis, Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 490.

Hemitriccus diops, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 52 ; Scl. Cat. A.
B. p. 210 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 46.

Above uniform dull olive-green ; wings and tail blackish with
similar edgings ; ring round the eye whitish ; lores blackish :

TYKANNIM.i:.

beneath dirty grey ; middle of breast and belly whitish ; under
wing-coverts and bend of wing yellowish ; upper mandible horn-
colour, lower pale brown ; feet hazel : whole length 4"7 inches,
wing 2-2, tail 2-2.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

33. PHYLLOSCARTES. „,

Type.

Phylloscartes, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein.ii. p. 52 (1859) . . P. ventralis.

Only one example of this scarce little Brazilian bird is before me,
for the acquisition and recognition of which I am much indebted
to Graf v. Berlepsch. The bill is much more constricted than in the
preceding genera, the tail longer, and the tarsal scutellations strongly
developed. Were it not for the somewhat well-shown rictal setie,
one might be inclined to refer this form to the Elaineina?.

1. Phylloscartes ventralis.

Muscicapa ventralis, Temm. PI. Col. 275. fig. 2.

Tyrannulus ventralis, Temm. Tab!. Meth. p. 27.

Elamia ventralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 250. 15.

Leptopogon -ventralis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186\

Euscarthmus ventralis, Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491.

Phylloscartes ventralis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 52 ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 102; Scl.et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 4(5 ;

Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 131 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Sal.

et Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 137 ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii.

p. 198 (Entrerios).

Above uniform olive ; ill-defined superciliaries whitish ; ear-
coverts dark ; wings and tail blackish with olive margins ; well-
dehned spots on the tips of the two rows of wing-coverts and
outer webs of secondaries yellowish : beneath yellow, rather more
whitish on the throat and olivaceous on the sides ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet blackish : whole length 4-5 inches,
wing 2*1, tail 2*3.

Bub. S.E. Brazil.

a. J ad. sk. Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande Sclater Coll.

do Sul, Brazil (Jhering).

34. IIAPALOCERCUS. 93

34. HAPALOCERCUS *

Type

Hapalocereus, Cab. Wiegm, Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254. . II. meloryphus.

Lepturus, Sir. Class. B. ii. p. 259 (1837) II. meloryphus.

Leptocercus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 164

(1845) II. meloryphus.

Myiosympotes, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxv. (1850) . . H. fiaviventris

(teste Gray).

This little section contains four species, characterized by their
thin elongated tail and compressed bill, with slight rictal bristles.
The tarsi are long and thin, and the wings short. They are spread
thinly over South America from Colombia to La Plata.

Key to the Species.

A. Lower surface white or whitish.

I Larger; sides of head ashy brown 1. meloryphus, p. 93.

I Smaller ; sides of head fulvous 2. fuloiceps, p. 94.

B. Lower surface yellow.
Upper surface brown ; wings normal .... 3. Jlaviventris, p. 94.
Upper surface olive-green ; outer primaries

pointed 4. acutipennis, p. 95.

1. Hapalocereus meloryphus.

Euscarthmus meloryphus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 947 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 184 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 493.
Lepturus ruficeps, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 181, pi. 20.
Leptocercus ruficeps, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 164.
Hapalocereus ruficeps, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 185.
Hapalocereus meloryphus, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 52 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 210'; Pelz. Orn.Bras. p. 103; Scl. et Sal v. Nomencl.

p. 46; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Berlepsch, J. f. O.

1884, p. 318.

Above mouse-brown : wings and tail rather darker ; head sub-
crested, the feathers of the crown clear rufous, tipped with brown:
beneath dirty white, a slight yellowish tinge on the flanks and
under wing-coverts; bill and feet brown : whole length 4*3 inches,
wing 1-9, tail 1-8.

Bab. S.E. Brazil.

a. J ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

* The following species referred to this genus are unknown to me : —

1. //. helviventris, tab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254 ; Cab. et Heine,

Mas. Hein. ii. p 53, from the Antilles (?).
V. //. rufomarginatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103, from Brazil.

94

'J yk.vxxid.'k.

2. Hapalocercus fulviceps.

Euscaxflimus fulviceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 497 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1877, p. 325, et 1880, p. 202 (Peru).
Hapalocercus fulviceps, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118; Tacz.

Om. Per. ii. p. 295.

Structure of Hapalocercus fulviceps. (P. Z. S. 1871, p. 497.)

Above mouse-brown ; wings and tail rather darker ; tips of
coverts and outer margins of outer secondaries pale brown ; sides of
bead and bases of feathers of subcrested crowii fulvous-brown :
beneath dirty white ; flanks and under wing-coverts with a slight
yellowish tinge ; beak and feet brown : whole length 3-7 inches,
wing 1*7, tail 1*5.

Bab. Western Ecuador and Peru.

Smaller than H. meloryphus, and distinguished by the fulvous
sides of the head and banded wings.

a. Ad. sk. Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

h. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Yillayomez).

c. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru {Nation).

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Salvin-Codman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

3. Hapalocercus flaviventris.

Tachuri vientre amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 89.

Alecturus flaviventris, a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 55 ; a"Orb. Voy.

Ois. pi. 36. f. 1.
Arundinicola flaviventris, d'Orh. ibid. p. 335.
Euscartkmus flaviventris, Burm. iSj/st. Ueb. ii. p. 493.

3-4. HAPAIOCERCUS.

95

Hapaiocercus flaviventris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254; Bp.

Cunsp. i. p. 185 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52 ; <SW. Cat. A. B.

p. 210; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 103; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46;

Burin. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 456 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 205 ;
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Om. CI. viii. p. 199 (Entrerios) ; Dumford,

Ibis, 1876, p. 159, 1877, pp. 34, 177, fit 1878, pp. 60, 395 (Arg.

Rep.) ; Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Om. i. p. 137.
Arundinicola citreola, Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1864, pi. i. p. 58 ? (ef.

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 160).
Euscarthmus (Hapaiocercus) flaviventris, Burm. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2.

Above mouse-brown ; wings and tail rather darker, witb edgings
like the back ; vertex more or less tinged with rufous : beneath
yellow ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet black :
whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2, tail 2. Female similar.

Bab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, La Plata, and Chili.

a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayrea (Hashhurst).

b. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson).

c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres.

d. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hud-

son).

e. Ad. sk. Ohupat, Patagonia.

f. Ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley-

bold).

g. h. Ad. sk. Chili.

t. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold).

j. $ ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Landbeck).

k. 2 ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Landbeck).

I. Ad. sk. Chili.

7n. Ad. sk. Bolivia.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclatei Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.

H. Dumford [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Zool. Soc. Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

T. Bridges [C.].

4. Hapaiocercus acutipennis.

Hapaiocercus acutipennis, -SW. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 187 (Bogota) ;
1879, p. 512 ( Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 46 ; Tacz. Om. Per. ii.
p. 236.

Above dark olive-green ; wings and tail brown with slight pale
edgings : beneath yellow ; outer primaries acuminated ; bill blackish ;
feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing PS, tail P8.

Hab. Colombia and Peru.

The acumination of the wings which renders this species so
peculiar is carried to its greatest extent in the sixth, seventh, and
eight primary.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota.

b. Jr. sk. Bogota.

c. 3 ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon).

d. S ad. sk. Cosuipata, S. Peru (Whitehj).

e. Jr. sk. S. America.
/. Ad. sk. S. America.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.

96 TYRANNIII.l..

35. HABRURA.

Habrura, Cab. et Hein. Mtis. Hem. ii. p. 53 (1859) .... PI. pectoralis.
Polystictus, lleichenb, Ar. Si/d. Nat. tab. lxvii. (1850). . II. pectoralis.

This peculiar form has been placed by some authors among the
Tityrince, but, as Cabanis and Heine have remarked, undoubtedly
belongs here, and i» nearly allied to Culicivora and Serphophaga.
In its abnormal plumage it closely resembles the former, but is at
once recognizable by its square tail and broader rectrices. Tbe
tarsal scutes are well marked.

Habrura extends frcmi Paraguay to Guiana.

1. Habrura pectoralis.

Tachuri pecho amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 80.

Sylvia pectoralis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xi. p. 210; id. Enc. Mtth.

' p. 4G2.
Euscartkmus pectoralis, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11.
Serpophaga pectoralis. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53.
Habrura pectoralis, Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Uruguay) ; Scl. et

Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 137.
Hapalocerus pectoralis, Peh. Om. Bras. p. 103 ; Sale. Ibis, 1885,

p. 293 (Brit. Guiana).
Euscarthmua superciliaris, Max, Beitr. iii. p. 953.
Paehvramphus minimus, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 51, t. xv.

(1841).
Tityra minima, Gray, Gen. l. p. 2o4.
Hapalura minima, Cab. Wiegm. Areh.\H±7, pt.i.p. 252; Burm. Syst.

TJeb.\\. p. 4!»4.
Habrura minima, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 53 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1879, p. 460 ; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 4(3.

Above sandy brown with a dark greyish tinge on the head,
which is subcrested, and has the vertical feathers white at their
bases ; lores and eye-region whitish ; wings and tail blackish,
edged with sandy brown, wbich forms in some specimens two well-
marked wing-bands: beneath pale sandy ochraceous, more rufous
on the flanks, throat more or less freckled with black : bill and feet
dark brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7. Female
similar, but without the black markings on tbe throat.

Hub. Northern La Plata, Uruguay, Paraguay, S.E. Brazil, and
British Guiana.

The specimens from Guiana are rather smaller in size, but do not
seem otherwise distinguishable.

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. (Doering). SclaterColl.

b. cJad.sk. Paysandu, U ruguay ( Gibson ). SclaterColl.

c. $ ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

d e tf &d.;f,g. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

'Ad.sk. ' (miiely).

h. <S Ad. ; i,j. Ad. Roraima, Brit. Guiana SclaterColl.

sk. {Whitely).

36. CULICIVOKA. 97

36. CULICIVORA.

Type.

Culicivora, Sw. Zool Journ. iii. p. 359 (1827) C. stenura.

Hapalura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252 C. stenura.

The peculiar form which Swainson made the type of his genus
Culicivora is restricted, so far as we know at present, to S.E. Brazil
and the adjoining districts. It is at once recognizable by its long
graduated tail, with the barbs of the rectrices very thin and much
narrowed. The sandy plumage, which it shares with Habrura, is
only met with in tbese two types of the family Tyrannidce.

1. Culicivora stenura.

Muscicapa stenura, Temm. PL Col. 167. fig. 3.

Hapalura stenura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252; Burm.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 494.
Culicivora stenura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53 ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 103 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 605 ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn.

i. p. 139.
Muscicapa hapalura, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Above sandy brown, striated with black ; head nearly black, lores
and superciliaries white : wings and tail blackish with slight brownish
edgings : beneath pale sandy buff, more brownish on the sides of the
neck and flanks ; bill and feet black : whole length 3'7 inches, wing
1*7 ; tail, ext. rectr. 1*3, med. 1*9.

Nab. S.E. Brazil.

I can only find 10 rectrices in the specimens of this species which
I have examined. They are long, thin, and rather stiffened. The
webs are much reduced in width in all the feathers.

a. £ ad. sk. Curitiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. 3 ad. sk. Ytarar6, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

37. POGONOTRICCUS.

Type.

Pogonotriccus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 (1859). . P. eximius.
Eupsilostoma, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 68 P. eximius.

Of this division, established by Cabanis and Heine for the Mus-
cicapa eximia of Temminck, I am able to recognize four nearly
allied species distributed over the forest-regions of South America.
As indicated by their generic name, they are remarkable in this
subfamily for the unusual development of the rictal bristles. The
tarsi are rather short, and the divisions of the scutes distinctly in-
dicated ; the tail is long, nearly equalling the wings.

98 TYRANNIDiE.

Key to the Species.

a. Head grey variegated with whitish :

j ear-coverts yellow 1. eximius, p. 98.

| ear-coverts black and white 2. ophthalmicus, p. 98.

b. Head dark olive 3. gualaquizce, p. 99.

c. Head plumbeous ; tail longer 4. plumbeiceps, p. 99.

1. Pogonotriccus eximius.

Muscicapa eximia, Temm. PI. Col. 144. fig. 2.

Euscarthmus eximius, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 49L_

Pogonotriccus eximius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hcin. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 211; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p.*4G.

Above bright yellowish olive ; wings and tail blackish brown,
with edgings like the back ; crown of head cinereous, lores and
lengthened superciliarics white ; ear-coverts yellow, with a blackish
border behind : beneath olivaceous yellow, under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; upper mandible plumbeous, lower mandible and feet reddish :
whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2, tail 1-9.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a. S ad. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Nalterer). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2. Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus.

Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 135, 535, et
1882, p. 19 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 250 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 89 (Ecuador).

Pogonotriccus zeledoni, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 144 (1869).

Above bright olive ; wings and tail blackish, with edgings similar
to the back ; tips of wing-coverts of a more yellowish tint and
forming two transverse bands ; head and nape cinereous ; lores and
lengthened superciliaries whitish ; ear-coverts very pale yellowish
or whitish, bordered behind by a black band : beneath pale yellowish,
throat whitish ; bill plumbeous ; feet pale brown : whole length 4-4
inches, wing 2-4, tail 2*3.

Hah. Peru and Ecuador.

This species differs from P. eximius in the abseneo of the yellow
ear-coverts and in the paler colour below. So far as I can tell from
the examination of the single damaged specimen of P. zeledoni
which Mr. Lawrence has lent to me, that species is probably the
same. If this should turn out to be the case, Mr. Lawrence's name
must be adopted.

a. Ad. sk. Ropaybamba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

c. (5 ad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

38. LEPTOTRICCUS. 99

3. Pogonotriccus gualaquizse.

Pogonotriccus gualaquizse, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48 ; Tacz. et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89.

Above olive-green, head above rather darker ; wings and tail
blackish, with olive-green margins ; lores whitish ; sides of head and
whole body below pale yellowish ; throat whitish ; bill and feet
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

a, b. 3 $ sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

4. Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps.

Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 267 (1870) ;

Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46.
Tyranniscus plumbeiceps, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 90.

Above olive-green ; head and nape plumbeous ; lores and ring
round the eye whitish ; wings blackish, coverts broadly tipped with
pale yellowish, remiges narrowly margined with olivaceous ; tail
brown, slightly margined with olivaceous towards the base : beneath
olivaceous yellow, passing into whitish ou the throat ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2-3.

Hah. Colombia.

The first specimen seems to agree with the type, which has been
kindly lent to me by Mr. Lawrence. The second has a rather
narrower bill, and is possibly different.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvm-Godman Coll.

38. LEPTOTRICCUS.

Type.
Leptotriccus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 54 (1859) . . L. sylviola.

In Leptotriccus the bill is rather longer and more compressed
than in Pogonotriccus, and the rictal bristles not quite so dense, but
the forms are closely allied. The feet are weak as in Pogonotriccus,
but the tarsi are rather longer. One of the two recognized species
of this group is from Brazil, the other from Veragua.

Key to the Species.

Head green like the back 1. sylviola, p. 99.

Head dark plumbeous 2. super ciliaris, p. 100.

1. Leptotriccus sylviola.

Muscicapa sylviola, Lkht. in Mus. Berol.

Leptotriccus sylviola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 211 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46.

h2

100 TYRANNID.E.

Above uniform bright olive : wings and tail blackish, with edgings
like the back : lores and ring round the eye dark rufous : under sur-
face dirty -white : flanks slightly washed with greenish ; under wing-
coverts white ; bill and feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing
21, tail 2.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2. Leptotriccus superciliaris.

Leptotriccus superciliaris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 389; Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-green ;
head above and nape dark plumbeous ; lores and ring round the
eye dark rufous : beneath ashy white, flanks and crissum tinged
with olivaceous ; bill blackish ; feet pale brown : whole length 3S
inches, wing 2, tail 1'9.

Hab. Veragua.

Like L. sylviola, but distinguished by its dark head.

a. 2 ad.sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godiuan Coll. I

b. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. \

(Types of the species.)

39. STIGMATURA.

Type.
Stigmatura, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188 S. budytoides.

The much elongated tail at once distinguishes this singular form,
which is otherwise not remotely allied to Serphophaga. The bill
is small and constricted, the rictal bristles very feeble, and the
tarsus long. One of the two known species of Stigmatura is found
in Bolivia and Peru, the other in the northern provinces of the
Argentine Bepublic.

Key to the Species.

A. Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices

complete 1. budytoides, p. 100.

B. Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices

absent or incomplete 2. jflavo-einerea, p. 101.

1. Stigmatura budytoides.

Culicivora budytoides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. At. i. p. 56.

Setophaga budytoides, d'Orb. Voi/., Ois. p. 330, t. 36. fig. 2.

Stigmatura budytoides, Scl. et Salv. P. Z.S. 1866, p. 188 (Ucayali),
1873, p. 278 (E. Teru), 1879, p. 613 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 46;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 238; Salv. Ibis,
1880, pp. 352, 357 (Tucuman); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 139.

40. SEEPHOPHAGA. 101

Above greyish olive ; lores and short superciliary streak yellowish ;
wings blackish brown ; tips of wing-coverts and outer margins of
secondaries white ; tail blackish, all the lateral rectrices crossed by
a broad white median and a second terminal band ; under surface
pale yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-1,
tail 2'5.

Hub. Bolivia, Peru, Int. of Brazil, and Northern La Plata.

a. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucavali. E. Bartlett [C.].

c. d. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). T. Bridges [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [0.1.
/. Ad. sk. Tucunian, rep. Arg. H. Durnford LC.].

2. Stigmatura flavo-cinerea.

Phvlloscartes tlavo-cinerea, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 455 ; Scl.

P. Z. S. 1872, p. 542; Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 197.
Stigmatura flavo-cinerea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 542, 549 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 46 ; Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 139.

Above greyish olive ; lores and superciliary stripe whitish ; wings
blackish, with whitish edgings to the coverts and outer secondaries ;
tail blackish ; outer web of the external rectrix and broad tips of
four external pairs white, the two external pairs in some specimens
also with a white spot in the middle of the internal web : beneath
pale yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 5'8 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 3. Female similar.

Hub. Argentine Republic and Northern Patagonia.

In the Bio Negro specimens the white tail-markings are but
faintly shown.

a. c? ad.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisskaupt). Sclater Coll.

b,c. $ Jad.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d,e.S jad.sk. Cosquin, Corbobo, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll.
( niiite).

f. 3 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia [Hudson). Sclater Coll.

g. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. j ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hiulson). Purchased.

40. SERPHOPHAGA. T

Type.

Serpophaga, Gould, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,1 iii. p. 49

(1841) S. subcristata.

Colorhampiius, Sund. Meth. Nat. Av. p. 59 (1872) . . S. parvirostris.

In SerphopJiaga and the succeeding genera the beak becomes
much compressed, and it is somewhat hard to draw the line between
these forms and the Elainehue. But the rictal bristles are more or
less developed in Serphophaga and its allies.

The seven species which I refer to this genus have a wide distri-
bution from Costa Rica to Chili and Patagonia.

102 TYKANNID.E.

Key to the Species.

A. Head subcrested, with a white vertical spot.

a. Wings banded with white.
a'. Crown grey.

Smaller : white edgings of wings nar-
rower 1. subcristata, p. 102.

Larger: white edgings of wings broader 2. albogrisea, p. 103.
b'. Crown black 3. cinerea, p. 103.

b. Wings not banded.

j Belly white 4. hypoleuca, p. 104.

) Belly cinereous 5. nigricans, p. 104.

B. Head uniform with back ; no vertical spot.

\ Body below yellow 6. sub/lava, p. 105.

I Body below grey 7. parvirostris, p. 105.

1. Serphophaga subcristata.

Contramaestre copatillo ordinario, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 66.

Sylvia subcristata, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xi. p. 229 ; id. Enc. Meth.
p. 443.

Helinaea subcristata, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11.

Muscicapa straminea, Temm. PI. Col. 167. fig. 2.

Muscicapa cristata, Lafr. et d'0?-b. Syn. Av. i. p. 52.

Muscicapara subcristata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 326.

Serpophaga albocoronata, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 49.

Muscicapa incompta, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Euscarthmus albicoronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184.

Serpophaga subcristata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53 ; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 211 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103 ; Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 454 ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2 ; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 142,
175, et 1879, p. 613 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 608; Dumford, Ms, 1876, p. 159, et 1877, p. 177; Forbes,
Ibis, 1881, p. 342 ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 199 (En-
trerios) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitsch. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Bio Grande do
Sul) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 140.

Anseretes cristatellus, Salvad. Att. Sc. It. vii. p. 153.

Serphophaga verticata, Burm. J.f. O. 1860, p. 246.

Above cinereous, usually with a slight olivaceous tinge on the
rump ; crest-feathers white at their bases, tipped with cinereous and
slightly varied with black ; wings blackish ; wing-coverts tipped
with whitish, forming two transverse bands ; outer secondaries
externally margined with the same colour ; tail dark ashy : beneath
ashy white, with more or less yellowish tinge on the belly and under
wing- coverts ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 4*5
inches, wing 2, tail 2-1. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Northern La Plata, and Bolivia.

The specimens from Cordova and Bolivia are more greyish above
and pure white below, and may be ultimately separable.

a. S «id. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil {Lund). Sclater Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Joyner).

c. d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater ColL

40. SERPHOPHAGA. 103

e. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Fitzroy and Burnett

[P.].

f. Ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.].

g. S ad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayves (Hudson). Sal vin-Godman Coll.
h. J ad. sk. Flores, Buenos Ayres ( Wliite). Sclater Coll.

i-k. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].

/. S ad.sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Ax%.(WMte). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. c? ad.sk. Cosquin, Cordova,rep.Arg.( TF7«Ye). Sclater Coll.

n-p. 3 ad.sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q-r. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s, t. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

2. Serphophaga albogrisea.

Elainea cinerea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 180 ; Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 138 (?).
Serphophaga albogrisea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156 ; Reich, u.
Schalow, J.f. 0. 1881, p. 88.

Above cinereous, vertical patch white ; wings black, broadly
margined with white except in the primaries ; tail blackish, with
slight cinereous edgings : beneath white, with a slight ashy tinge on
the flanks ; under wing-coverts pure white ; bill and feet brown :
whole length 4*3 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-3.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador.

Much larger than S. subcristata, and at once recognizable by the
broad pure white wing-edgings.

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. § . Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

3. Serphophaga cinerea.

Euscarthmus cinereus, Strickl. Ann. # May. N. H. xiii. p. 414 (1844) ;

Tsch. Faun. Per., Om. p. 165 ; Burnt. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 520.
Serpophaga cinerea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 458, 1859, p. 144, et

1866, p. 99 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 211 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.

p. 53 ; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 103 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 ; id.

Ibis, 1869, p. 319 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, 1873, p. 185,

et 1879, pp. 512, 613; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874,

p. 535, 1879, p. 233, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 236; Berl.

et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62; Wyatt,

Ibis, 1871, p. 332; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 318.
Serpophaga grisea, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 139 (Costa Rica) ;

Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 315.

Above cinereous, head black with a white vertical spot ; crest
very slight ; wings and tail black : wing-coverts tipped and outer
sccoudaries margined with white : beneath paler cinereous, whiter
on the belly and under wing-coverts ; bill and feet black : whole
length 4-3 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2. Female similar.

Hah. Costa Rica, Veragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
and Bolivia.

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Endres). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. 3 ad. sk. Sante ¥6, Veragua (Arcf). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.

104 TYRANNID^:.

d. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godinan Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Frontiuo, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. cf ad. sk. Riobaruba, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

j. 2 ad. sk. Cuenca. Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

4. Serphophaga hypoleuca.

Serphophaga lrvpoleuca, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188, et 1873,
p. 278 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 238.

Above pale brownish cinereous ; wings and tail blackish, with
edgings like the back ; head blackish : crest elongated, black, with
a white basal spot : beneath white, passing into pale cinereous on
the flanks ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole
length 4 inches, wing 1*8, tail 1*8.

Hab. Eastern Peru.

A small species, without traces of wing-bands, and with a small
lengthened black crest, with a white basal spot.

a. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type of the

species.)

b. c? ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c-e. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

5. Serphophaga nigricans.

Sylvia nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xi. p. 204 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 462
(ex Azara, no. 167).

Tackuris nigricans, Lafr. et cCOrb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55; cFOrb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 334.

Euscartkmus nigricans, Hartl. Lid. Azar. p. 11 ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 184 ;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 492 ; Steinberg, J.f. 0. 1869, p. 262 (nest) ;
Holtz, J.f. O. 1870, p. 7 (egg).

Muscicapa obscurata, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Serphophaga nigricans, Goidd, in Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,' iii. p. 50 ; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 211 ; Burm. La-
Plata Eeise, ii. p. 454 ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2 : Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1868, p. 142 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Eider, J. f. O. 1868, p. 184 ;
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 671, et 1872, p. 543 ; Bumf. Lbis, 1877,
p. 177, et 1880, p. 424 (rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606 ;
Berl. et Jlier. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande do Sul) ;
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 199 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 141.

Euscarthmus cmereus, Burm. J.f. O. 1860, p. 246.

Above dull brownish cinereous, wings and tail blackish, the
coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings like the back ;
crest slight, with a well-marked white basal spot : beneath paler

40. SERPHOPHAGA. 105

and rather purer cinereous : under wing-coverts pale cinereous ;
bill and feet dark horn-colour : whole length 4- 7 inches, wing 2*3,
tail 1#1. Female similar, but vertical spot not so well marked.
Hab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, La Plata, and Northern Patagonia.

a. c? ad.sk. Conchitas, Buenos Arres (Hudsoyi). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

b, c. c? $ ad. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].
sk.

d. 2 ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. c<T Jad.sk. Oosquin, Cordoba, rep. Arg. Salvin-Goduian Coll.

( White).

f. g. Ad. sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Sir W. Burnett [P.].

i. 3 ad.sk. Bio Xegro of Patagonia (Hudson). Purchased.

6. Serphophaga subfiava.

Serphophaga subflava, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 47, 158.

Above olive-brown ; cap brownish ; lores whitish ; wings and tail
brown ; wing-coverts and external secondaries edged with whitish :
beneath uniform yellowish, more olivaceous on the flanks ; under
wing-coverts pale yellow : whole length 4-4 inches, wing L8,
tail 1-9.

Hab. Vicinity of Para, Brazil.

The single specimen on which this species was founded remains
unique. The wholly yellow under surface distinguishes it from all
its congeners.

a. Ad. sk. Para, Brazil ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

7. Serphophaga parvirostris.

Tyrannula parvirostris, Gould, in Zool. Toy. 'Beagle' iii. p. 48.
Myiobius parvirostris, Gray, ibid. ; Gag, Faun. C/iil. Aves, p. 341.
Serpophaga parvirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 212 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 327 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47 ; iid. Ibis, 1868, p. 185.

Above didl brown ; head and nape dark cinereous ; ear-coverts
blackish ; wings and tail blackish, with rufous edgings to the wing-
coverts and outer secondaries : beneath pale cinereous ; throat and
lower belly more whitish; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; inner
margins of wing-featbers pale rufous ; bill dark flesh-colour ; feet
black : whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2. Female similar.

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Terra del Fuego, and Bolivia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.l.

d. Ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. C. Darwin [C.l.

e. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagouia. C. Darwin [C.].

(Type of the species.)
g. Ad. sk. St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. Lt. A. Smith, B.N.

[P.].
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll.

106 TYRANNID.E.

41. AKERETES.

Type.

Anairetes, Iieichenb. Av. S. N. t. lxvi. (1850) A. parulus.

The genus Anaretes contains a series of about seven small species
with crested head, striped plumage, and much compressed bill.
They are said to be Tit-like in their habits.

They are found mostly in the Patagonian Region, but extend
along the range of the Andes into Ecuador.

Key to the Species.

A. Tail about equal to wings; squared.

a. Bill black, uniform.

J Smaller : belly yellowish 1. parulus, p. 106.

I Larger : belly white 2. femandezianus, p. 107.

b. Bill reddish or yellowish at the base.

{Larger ; back black, striated with

white 3. albicristatus, p. 107.

Smaller : back olive-brown 4. Jlavirostris, p. 108.

B. Tail much longer than wings, graduated . 5. agilis, p. 108.

1. Anseretes parulus.

Muscicapa parulus, Kittl. Mem. pres. Acad. Petersb. i. p. 190, pi. 9
(1831).

Sylvia bloxami, J. E. Gray, Zool. 3Iisc. 1831, p. 11.

Culicivora parulus, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Ac. i. p. 57; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 332 ; Gay, Farm. Chil, Aves, p. 343.

Serphophaga panda, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle] iii. p. 49 ; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554.

Euscarthmus parulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184.

Regulus plumulosus, Peale, U.S. E.vplor. Exp. p. 94, pi. 25.

Anseretes parulus, Cab. et llein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat. A.
B. p. 212 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 327, 338, et 1872, pp. 543, 549 ;
Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 47 ; lid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432, et 1879,
p. 613; iid. Zool. Chall. Exp. viii. p. 101 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 535, et 1880, p. 202 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 239 ; Burm. La-Plata
Reise, ii. p. 455 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 ; White, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 39 (rep. Arg.) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 ; Burnford, Ibis,
1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 395 ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 141.

Anseretes parulus sequatorialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296,
et 1885, p. 123.

Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tint on the lower back ;
head black, front varied with white ; elongated vertical crest black,
sometimes varied with white ; wings blackish, with slight whitish
tips to the coverts and whitish margins to the outer secondaries ; tail
blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish : beneath pale straw-
colour, white on the throat ; throat and breast with numerous and
well-marked black striations ; under wing-coverts pale stramineous ;
bill and feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 19, tail 1-8.
Female similar, but crest shorter.

Hub. Argentine Republic, Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Andes of
Ecuador.

41. AN^RETES. 107

a. 5 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.

bold).

b. Ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Zool. Soc. Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Malaspina I., Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [C.].

e. 2 ad. sk. Puerto Bueno, Patagonia. ' Challenger ' Exp.
/. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll.

g. <$ ad. sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk. Vic. of Santiago, Chili (Let/bold). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. C. Darwin [C.].

J. $ ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. . Jardine Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Ninabamha, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

o. (5 ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

q, r. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.

t. Ad. sk. Valley of Lloa, Ecuador (Jame- Jardine Coll.

son),

u. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.

v. Ad. sk. Bogota (?). Purchased.

to. Ad. st. Chili. Purchased.

x. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

2. Anseretes fernandezianus.

Culicivora fernandeziana, Fhilippi, Wiegm. Arch. 1857, pt. i. p. 2G3;

Phil, et Landb. Cat. Aves Chil. p. 22.
Euscarthmus fernandezianus, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 351.
Anseretes fernandezianus, Sol. Ibis, 1871, p. 179, t. vii. fig. 1 ; Sel. et

Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; iid. Zool. Chall.

Exp. viii. p. 101 ; Salv. Ibis, 1875, p. 376 ; id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 ;

Reed, Ibis, 1874, p. 82.

Above dark cinereous ; elongated vertical crest black, mixed with
white at the base ; wings blackish, with slight whitish tips to the
wing-coverts and margins to the outer secondaries ; tail brownish
black ; outer web of external rectrix white : beneath white, densely
striated with black on the throat and breast ; under wing-coverts
white ; bill and feet black : whole length 4'8 inches, wing 2-4,
tail 2-3. Female similar, but crest not so large.

Hah. Juan Fernandez Island.

At once recognizable from A. parulus by its much larger size,
greyer back, and whiter belly.

a,b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. <5 2 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. Sclater Coll.

e,f. Ad. sk. Juan Fernandez (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g-j. 6 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. ' Challenger ' Exp.

k. Ad. st. Juan Fernandez. H. Cuming.

3. Anseretes albocristatus.

Tyrannulus albocristatus, Vig. Zool. Journ. 1829, v. p. 273.
Culicivora reguloides, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 57 ; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 332, pi. 37. fig. 1.

108 TYR1NNID.E.

Vermivora elegans, Less. Voy. Thet. ii. p. 323.

Euscarthinus reguloides, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 1GG.

Euscarthinus albocristatus, Bp. Consji. i. p. 184.

Anseretes albocristatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 498, et 1873, p. 780; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 987, et 18(58, p. 5G9 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535, 1879, p. 233 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 241.

Above black, -with white striations ; wings and tail black, edged
with, white ; vertical patch white, surmounted by a thin black
crest ; sides of head black : beneath white, striated with black on
the breast and throat ; under wing-coverts white ; bill reddish,
tipped with black ; feet black : whole length 4-4 inches, wing 2'2,
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so long.

Hub. Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

b. § ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. <3 ad. sk. Islay, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. cJ ad. sk. Calanudos Valley, S.W. Peru Sclater Coll.

(Whitely).

e. S ad. sk. Chata, Peru (Stokmann). Sclater Coll.

f. Jr. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.

4. Anseretes flavirostris.

Anseretes flavirostris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879, p. 613 ;
Scl. et Suds. Ary. Orn. i. p. 142.

Above brownish olive ; head black mixed with whito, and sur-
mounted by narrow, elongated, black crest-feathers ; wings blackish,
with broad white tips to the coverts and margins to the outer
secondaries ; tail blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish :
beneath pale stramineous ; throat and breast white, densely striated
with black ; under wing-coverts white ; bill yellowish, with a black
tip ; feet black : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2.

Hub. Bolivia and Northern La Plata.

This species is most like A. parulus in general appearance, but
at once distinguishable by its yellow bill.

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll.

( White).

5. Anseretes agilis.

Euscarthmus agilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, pi. 118.

Anasretes agilis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 212 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 242 ;

Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador).

Above olive-brown, striated with blackish ; head subcrested,
black ; lores and superciliary stripes varied with white ; wings and
tail blackish brown, with slight paler margins: beneath pale strami-

42. CYANOTIS.

109

neous, throat and breast with narrow black striations ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill black, reddish at the base : feet dark
flesh-colour : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 2*8.

Hob. Colombia.

The long tail and lengthened tarsi at once distinguish this
species, which might well be generically separated, but is certainly
closely allied to Anceretes.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

Bogota.
Bogota.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Subfamily III. ELAINEINCE.

In the Elaineince or Olive-Tyrants the bill, instead of being ex-
panded laterally and much bristled, as in the Platyrhynchince, is
compressed, and in most cases very sparingly provided with rictal
setae. The feet are feeble, the wings generally short, and the struc-
ture is generally adapted for arboreal life.

The general colour of these birds is of olive-green and sombre
brown, in conformity with that of the dense forests to which they
mostly resort. But the bright-tinted and reed-frequenting Oyanotis
is aberrant both in colour and habits.

The Elaineince are distributed over the whole of the Neotropical
Begion, one species only (Ornithion imberbe) having been as yet
ascertained to occur within the limits of the Nearctic Begion.

Index to the Genera.

42. Cyanotis, p. 109.

43. MlONECTES, p. 111.

44. Leptopogon, p. 114.

45. Capsiempis, p. 120.

46. Phyllomyias, p. 121.

47. Myiopatis, p. 123.

48. Ornithion, p. 125.

49. Tyrannules, p. 128.

50. Tyrannisctjs, p. 130.

51. Elaikea, p. 136.

52. Empidagba, p. 154.

53. Legatus, p. 155.

54. StTBLEGATUS, p. 157.

55. Myiozetetes, p. 159.

56. Rhynchocycltts, p. 165.

57. Conopias, p. 173.

58. Pitangus, p. 174.

59. Sirystes, p. 181.

60. Myiodynastes, p. 182.

42. CYANOTIS.

Type.

Cyanotis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 243 (1837) C. azara.

Taclums, Lafr. et d'0?-b. Syn. Av. i. p. 55 (1837) C. azara?.

In Cyanotis the constriction of the bill and the smoothness of
the rictus are carried to an extreme which is unparalleled anion o-
other Tyrannidce ; and although there is little doubt that the affini-
ties of Cyanotis are with this family, it is certainly a most anomalous
form, both in structure and colour, and must, I think, eventually
be allowed the rank of a distinct subfamily. For the present, I

110 TYRANNID^.

place it at one end of the Elainemce, where it is certainly more
naturally stationed than with the Platyrhynchince.

Gyanotis is found only in the reed-hods of the temperate portion
of South America.

1. Cyanotis azarae.

Elrey, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 72.

Sylvia rubigastra, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xi. p. 277 (1817) ; id. Enc.
3Ieth. p. 480.

" Regulus azarse, Licht." Naum. Vog. Deutschl. iii. p. 966 (1823).

B«gulus omnicolor, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 271, pi. 166 (1825).

Regulus byronensis, J. E. Gray, in Griff. Anim. Kingd. ii. p. 42.

Tachuris omnicolor, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55.

Tachuris rubrigastra, cT Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 333.

Cyanotis omnicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 185 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 34,
et 1878, p. 395 (rep. Arg.).

Cyanotis azarae, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Rein. ii. p. 54 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 212 ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99, et 1867, pp. 327, 338 ; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 159 ; iid. Nomenel. p. 47 ; Taez. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 535, et 1879, p. 233 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 243 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1876,
p. 160, et 1877, p. 177 (rep. Arg.); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 32
(rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (rep. Arg.) ; Salv.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (Chili) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii.
p. 200 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 142.

Above dark bronzy green ; head black ; superciliaries yellow ;
vertical spot crimson ; wings black, broad tips of the lesser wing-
coverts and broad edgings of some of the secondaries white, forming
a large white bar on the wing ; tail black, greater part of outer
pair of rectrices, outer web, and broad tip of next pair and narrow
tips of third pair white : beneath bright ochraceous yellow ; chin
whitish ; crissum crimson ; incomplete band across the lower breast
black ; under wing-coverts white ; bill black ; feet dark flesh-
colour : whole length 4*2 inches, wing 2'5, tail 1"7. Female
similar.

Hah. La Plata, Chili, and Western Peru.

a, b. J 2 ad. sk. Buenos Ay res ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. c? ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hud- Salvin-Godman Coll.
son).

d. 2 a(i- sk- Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll.

(Hudson).

e. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. C. Dumford [C.].

f. 2 ad- sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia. W. Hudson [C.J.

g. <3 ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Chili (Meed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i-h. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

l-m. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.

n. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.

o. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

43. MIONECTES. Ill

43. MIONECTES.

Type.
Mionectes, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275 .... M. striaticollis.
Pipromorpha, Bp. (ex MS. Skiff.), Ann. d. Sc. Nat. Zool.

vol. i. p. 134 (1854) M. oleagiueus.

In this little group of two sections, both of which are widely
diffused over the tropical portions of the Neotropical Region, the
bill is much constricted, and the rictus very smooth, the setoe being
small and inconspicuous. The tarsi are short and feeble ; and the
divisions of the anterior scutella arc generally well apparent.

Key to the Species.

A. Abdomen yellowish.

\ Head more or less cinereous 1. striaticollis, p. 111.

) Head olive like the back 2. olivaceus, p. 112.

B. Abdomen rufous.

I Head olive 3. oleagineus, p. 112.

j Head grey 4. riifiventris, p. 114.

1. Mionectes striaticollis.

Muscicapa striaticollis, a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51.
Muscicapara striaticollis, a" Orb. Vqy., Ois. p. 823, pi. 35. fig. 2.
Mionectes striaticollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 187 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 213 ;

Scl. et Salt: P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358, 1868, p. 628, 1879, pp. 512, 613 ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 328 ; Tacz.

P.Z.S. 1874, p. 535, 1879, p. 233, et 1882, p. 19; id. Om.

Per. ii. p. 244 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296, et 1885, pp. 90,

115, 120.
Mionectes poliocepbalus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 148, pi. 10. fig. 1.

Above olive-green : wings and tail ashy brown, edged with olive ;
head grey : beneath yellowish, striated with dark green ; throat dark
cinereous, with white striations ; middle of belly yellow ; under
wing-coverts pale yellowish ; inner margins of wing-feathers pale
rufous ; bill and feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-9, tail
23. Female similar.

Hah. Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.

a,

b. Ad. sk.

c.

Ad. sk.

d.

Jr. sk.

e.

Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

ff
h

j-

A-

Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk

Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia

Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Buckley).

Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia

Sclater Coll.

(Buckley).

Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolz-

Sclater Coll.

mann).

Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Santa Elena, Antioquia,

Salvin-Godman Coll.

U. S. C. (Salmon).

Santa Elena, Antioquia.

Salmon [C.].

Bogota.

Salvin-Godman Coll

Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

Bogota.

Purchased.

112

TYRANNHUO.

2. Mionectes olivaceus.

Mioneetes olivaceus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. Ill (1868) ; Frantz.

J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196; Sol et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 47 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. 31. vi. p. 414 ; Perl, et Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 115.
Mionectes striaticollis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144, et 1860, p. 93

(Ecuador).

Above olive-green ; wings and tai] blackish, edged with olive :
beneath yellowish, with numerous green striations : middle of belly
not striated ; under wing-coverts yellowish ; inner webs of remiges
rufous ; bill dark, with carneous base ; feet brown ; whole length
5 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2*3. Female similar.

Hah. Costa Rica, Veragua, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

In Colombia and Ecuador this form grades into M. striaticollis,
and it is difficult to decide under which head to place some of the
specimens.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. J ad. sk.

d. 5 ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. sk.
i. J ad. sk.
j. <$ ad. sk.

k, I. cJ 2 ad- sk-
m. Ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk.
2>. Ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. cJ ad. sk.

a. 5 ad. sk.

Buena Vista, Costa Rica (Car-
miol).

Barranca, Costa Rica (Car-
mi ol).

Chitra, Veragua (Arce).

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

Veragua (Arci).

Veragua (Arce).

Vole, of Chiriqui (Arce).

Lion Hill St., Panama
(McLeannan).

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

Jirna, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Bogota.

Bogota.

San Esteban, Venezuela
(Goering).

San Esteban, Venezuela
(Goering).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Mionectes oleagineus.

Muscicapa oleaginea, Licht. Doubt, p. 55.

Mionectes oleagineus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 148 ; Burnt.

Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 482 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 187 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856,

p. 296, 1858, p. 71, 1859, p. 45, et 1860, p. 283; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 213 ; Taylor. Ibis, 1864, p. 85 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,

p. 188, 1867, pp. 577, 751, 978, 1873, p. 278, et 1879, pp. 512, 613 ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, et 1870, p. 196 ;

id. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. Guiana); Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix.

pp. 89, 1 11 ; Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 307 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104 ;

Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63 ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 245 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N.

M. vi. p. 402 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553, et 1885, p. 68 ;

Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 299.

43. MIONECTES.

113

Pipromorpka oleaginea, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 55.

Mionectes assimilis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 46, 366 ; id. Ibis
1859, p. 445 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 213 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 124 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 ; Later. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328,
ix. p. Ill ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 307.

Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish with olive
edgings : beneath rather lighter, abdomen yellowish rufous ; under
wing-coverts ochraceous ; bill carneous, base of lower mandible and
feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-l. Female
similar.

Hah. Guatemala and Central and South America down to Ama-
zonia and S.E. Brazil.

I have formerly separated the rather paler Central-American
form as M . assimilis, but the difference is hardly appreciable in many
cases.

a

Ad

sk.

b

Ad

sk.

c.

Ad. sk.

d

Ad

sk.

e.

Ad.

sk.

/■

Ad.

sk.

9

Ad

sk.

h

Ad

sk.

i.

Ad.

sk.

.?'■

<$ ad. sk.

k

Ad

sk.

I.

Ad.

sk.

m

• $

ad. sk.

n.

Ad

sk.

0.

Ad.

sk.

Pi

q. d 2 ad

sk.

a.

Ad.

sk.

b.

Ad.

sk.

c.

Ad.

sk.

d.

Ad.

sk.

e.

Ad.

sk.

/•

Ad.

sk.

9-

cj1 ad. sk.

h.

cJ ad. sk.

i.

2 ad

.sk.

J>

k. c? 5 ad.

sk.

I.

Ad.

sk.

m

Ad

sk.

n-

r. Ad. sk.

s.

Ad.

sk.

VOL.

XIV.

a. Subsp. assimilis.

Mexico (?).
Belize (L'lancaneaux).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz ( Salvin).
Cobau, Vera Paz (Salem).
Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin).
Vole, de Agua, Guatemala (Sal-
vin).
Guatemala.
Vera Paz.

Guiatic, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).
Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce).
Chiriqui (Arce).
Panama (Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).

b. Subsp. typica.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Pebas, E. Peru (Haicxwell).

Ghamicuros, E. Peru (Hatvncell).

Roraima,British Guiana( Whitely).

Merume Mts., British Guiana

( Whitely).
Camacusa, British Guiana

(Whitely).
Bartica Grove, British Guiana

(Whitely).

Cayenne.

Tobago (Kirk ) .

Tobago (Kirk).

Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace).

Sclater Coll.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll.
O. Salvin [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

114 TTKANNID^.

t. $ ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

u. Ad. sk. Quia, Rio Negro ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.

v. Ad. sk. Borba, R Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

TO. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil { Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

x. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

y. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

z, a'. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

4. Mionectes rufiventris.

Muscicapa rufiventris, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Mionectes rufiventris, Cab. in Tsch. F.P., Aves, p. 148 ; Burm. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 482; id. La-Plata Peise, ii. p. 454; Pelz. Orn. Pros.

p. 104 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitsehr. yes.

Orn. 1885, p. 131.

Above olive-green, whole head washed with cinereous ; wings and
tail blackish brown, with yellowish-olive edgings : beneath, throat
pale cinereous, abdomen ochraceoas rufous ; bill dark, carneous at
the base ; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-2.
Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil and N. La Plata.

Only different from M. oleagineus in its grey throat and head.

a. 3 ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer.) Sclater Coll.

b. rj ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Joyner).

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll.

44. LEPT0P0G0N*.

Type.

Leptqgogon, Cab. Wieym. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275. . L. superciliaris.

In Leptoporjon the bill resembles that of Mionectes, but the rictal
setae are much more dense and better developed. The tarsi are
short and feeble. The tail is rather long. Leptopogon is spread
over all the Neotropical Region, from Southern Mexico to the
Argentine Republic.

Key to the Species.

A. Breast yellowish olive or yellow ; no
black front.
a. Cap grey.

a'. Wing-hands ochraceous :
a". Lower mandible black.

i Larger 1. super cilia r is, p. 115.

I Smaller 2. minor, p. 115.

b". Lower mandible white 3. poscilotis, p. 116.

//. "Wing-bands yellow 4. yodmani, p. 116.

* The following species I am not acquainted with : — L. rujvpectus Tacz
Orn. Per. ii. p. 2¥J.

44. LEPTOPOGON. 115

b. Cap brown :

i cap darker brown 5. pileatus, p. 116.

| cap lighter brown G. amaurocephalus, p. 117.

c. Cap darkish olive 7. tristis, p. 118.

d. Cap olive, like the back.

I Larger ; cheeks yellow 8. oustaleti, p. 118.

I Smaller; cheeks olivaceous 9. jlavovirens, p. 119.

B. Breast rufous ; no black front 10. erythrops, p. 119.

C. Breast greyish white ; front black 11. nigrifrons, p. 119.

1. Leptopogon superciliaris.

Leptopogon superciliaris, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 161, pi. 10.

fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 186 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71, et 1860,

p. 69 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 214 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47 ; iid.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 613 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 ; id. Ibis, 1870,

p. 115 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19 ; id. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 246 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. 8. 1885, pp. 68, 89.
Leptopogon poliocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 55

(Bogota).
Leptopogon auritus, Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874, pp. 134, 536, et 1882, p. 19.
Leptopogon superciliaris transandeanus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 537, et 1885, p. 122.

Above olive-green ; cap dark cinereous ; lores, superciliaries, and
eye-region whitish ; ear-coverts black ; wings blackish, broad tips of
the two rows of wing-coverts ochraceous yellow, forming two
distinct bands ; edges of remiges yellowish ; tail dark ashy, with
slight indications of darker transverse rays, margined with olive :
beneath pale lemon-yellow, throat greyish, breast and flanks some-
what olivaceous ; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of
remiges buffy white ; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown : whole length
4'G inches, wing 2*8, tail 25. Female similar.

Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and
Bolivia.

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. t$ $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Vole, of Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Ckiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Balzar Mnts., Ecuador (//- Salvin-Godman Coll.

linijicortli).

g. J ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Bio Napo. Sclater Coll.

;'. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

k. Ak. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

I, m. Ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Kawaraui, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

2. Leptopogon minor.

Leptopogon minor, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 ; id. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 247.

i 2

116 TYRANNIDJi.

Similar to L. superciliaris, but smaller in size, and head not so
dark : whole length 4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2*1.
Hab. Peru.

a. 5 ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

3. Leptopogon pcecilotis.

Leptopogon pcecilotis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. Ill ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 360; Scl. et Salv. Nomend. p. 47; iid. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 512;
Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68, 89.

Above olive-green ; cap plumbeous ; lores and sides of head
whitish ; ear-coverts black, with basal half white ; wings blackish,
with olive margins to the remiges, and the wing-coverts broadly
tipped with ochraceons yellow, forming two cross bands (as in
L. superciliaris) ; tail brown, with slight olivaceous edgings : be-
neath nearly uniform pale yellow, with slight olivaceous tinge, and
greyish on the chin : bill brown, lower mandible white ; feet pale
brown: whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2-2. Female
(probably) similar,

Hab. Colombia.

Distinguished from L. superciliaris by its smaller size, the absence
of white superciliari.es, and the pale lower inaudible.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

4. Leptopogon godmani.

Leptopogon godmani, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48.

Above olive-green ; cap dark grey ; lores, superciliaries, and sides
of face mixed with whitish ; ear-coverts yellow, with a black
terminal spot ; wings blackish, with two yellow cross-bands on the
coverts and yellowish edgings to the outer secondaries, the re-
maining remiges margined with bright olive ; tail ashy brown,
with olive edgings : beneath sulphur-yellow, with slight olivaceous
tinge on the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ;
bill dark horn-colour, feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2'3,
tail 2.

Hab. Ecuador.

Distinguished from L. superciliaris and L. p<xcilotis by its smaller
size, yellow wing-bands, and shorter broader bill.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

5. Leptopogon pileatus.

Leptopogon amaurocephalus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 384 (Mexico) ■

44. LEPTOPOGON. 117

id. Cat. A. B. p. 213 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399 (Guatemala) ;
iid. P. Z. S. 18(34, p. 358 (Panama).
Leptopogon pileatus, Cab. J. f. O. I860, p. 414 (Guatemala) ; Salv.
Ibis, 1869, p. 319; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 (Veragua).

Above olive-green ; whole cap dark chocolate-brown, lores paler ;
wings and tail blackish brown, with ochraceoixs tips to the wing-
coverts (forming a double cross-band) and more or less yellowish-
olive edgings to the other feathers : beneath yellowish olive, clearer
on the belly : under wing-coverts yellowish ; inner margins of
remiges ochraeeous : bill dark plumbeous ; feet brown : whole
length 5 inches, wing 2-~, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hob. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama.

a. $ ad. sk. Oaxaca, Mex. (Boucard). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz {Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Honduras. Sclater Coll.

g. 2 ad.sk. Valza, Costa Rica (Ccuiniol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. j ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad. sk. San Pablo Stn., Panama (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Leptopogon amaurocephalus.

Leptopogon amaurocephala, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 251 ;

id. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 162 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 186 ; Cab.

et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 55 ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii.

p. 328; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit.

Guiana) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567, et 1873, p. 278

(E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Tacz. P. Z.S. 1874, p. 53.
Euscarthmus amaurocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491.
Leptopogon peruvianus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 757, et 1873,

p. 278 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 47 ; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iv. p. 176 ;

Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 248.

Similar to L. pileatus, but rather smaller, and the cap of a
lighter brown.

Hub. Brazil, Guiana, and E. Peru.

It is difficult to keep the Guianan examples of this species
separate from L. pileatus, but the head is rather paler in colour.
The skin upon which L. peruvianus was based is small in dimen-
sions, but the tint of the brown head is exactly that of Guianan
specimens, and intermediate between that of L. pileatus and
L. amaurocephalus.

a. Subsp. peruviana.

a. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type

of L. perun'inuis.)

b. Ad. sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.].

c. d. <S ad. ; JEtorainia, British Guia.na,(Whitely). Salvin-G odman Coll.
e. $ ad. sk.

f. J ad.sk. Koraima British Guiana(Tf7(/re/j/). Sclater Coll.

118

TTRANNIDJE.

a 2 ad sk Merum<5 Mta., British Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
(Whitely).

b. Subsp. typica.

a. J ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul Salvin-GodmanColl.

(Joyner).

? d. Jut. sk. Pernauibuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.

7. Leptopogon tristis.

Leptopogon, sp. inc., Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 214.

Leptopogon tristis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 254:, et 1879,
pp. 589, 613 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606.

Above olive ; cap rather darker ; wings and tail blackish,
margined with olive, the two rows of wing-coverts and three or four
outer secondaries with clear yellowish-white apical spots : beneath
pale sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts yellow ; inner margins of
wing-feathers whitish ; bill horn-colour, lower mandible paler ;
feet brown : whole length 4-4 inches, wing 2*1, tail 2-1.

Hab. Bolivia.

The wing-bands are clear yellowish in this species, and not
ochraceous. It is somewhat doubtful whether specimen a is really
the same as b, which must be regarded as the type. Specimen a is
probably from Venezuela, whence there is a similar skin in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

S. America (imperfect).
Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)

8. Leptopogon oustaleti.

Leptopogon oustaleti, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, t. ix. fig. 2.

Above olive-green ; narrow rim round the eye yellow ; large
auricular spot black ; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with
olive ; bend of the wing yellow ; outer secondaries with a slight
white terminal spot: beneath pale yellowish, washed with olive,
brighter on the throat and on the middle of the belly ; under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible horn-colour ; lower
whitish ; feet brown : whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-5.

Bab. Colombia.

This well-marked species is easily known by the cap being
uniform with the back, the yellow rim round the eye, and the well-
marked auricular spot. The type is in the Paris Museum.

44. LEPTOPOGON. 119

9. Leptopogon flavovirens.

Tyrannula flaviventris, Lain: Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328.
Leptopogon flavovirens, Later, op. eit. p. 472 (1862).

Above bright olive-green ; crown uniform ; rim round the eye
and spot on the ear-coverts yellow, the latter margined with
blackish ; wings blackish ; two well-marked bars across the coverts
pale yellowish ; primaries narrowly edged with olivaceous ; tail
cinereous brown, margined with olivaceous : beneath pale sulphur-
yellow ; throat more whitish ; sides of breast tinged with oliva-
ceous ; under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill dark brown ; base
of lower mandible pale ; feet blackish : whole length 4*2 inches,
wing 2-2, tail 2.

Hab. Panama.

A single specimen is in Mr. Lawrence's collection.

10. Leptopogon erythrops. (Plate X.)

Above olive ; cap plumbeous ; lores rufous ; wings blackish, with
rufescent apical spots on the coverts and margins to the remiges :
beneath, throat and breast rufous ; belly pale sulphur-yellow ; under
wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges clear ochraceous ; bill
dark horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 5-l inches, wing 2-6,
tail 2-2. Female similar.

Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.

An unmistakable species from its clear rufous breast.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species. )
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Clodman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

e,f. $ 2 ad- sk. Santa Elena, Antiocpua (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
moti).

11. Leptopogon nigrifrons.

Leptopogon nigrifrons, Salt, et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 416 ; Salvin,
Ibis, 1885, p. 293.

Above bright olive-green ; cap cinereous : broad and distinct
frontal baud black, with a slight whitish edging before and behind
it ; wings and tail black, with narrow margins of bright olive, and
a row of bright whitish-yellow spots on the coverts of the secondaries
and outer secondaries themselves : the coverts of the primaries
blackish : beneath greyish white, with a slight yellowish tinge on
the flanks, crissum, and under wing-coverts ; bill black ; feet brown :
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2"5.

Hab. British Guiana.

120 TYRANNID.E.

The black front and greyish-white under surface at once dis-
tinguish this well-marked species.

a. $ ad. sk. Rorairna, British Guiana ( Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

45. CAPSIEMPIS.

Type.

Capsiempis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56 (1859) C. flaveola.

Cnpsiempis jiaveola is widely diffused over the forest-clad part of
the Neotropical Eegion from Veragua to S.E. Brazil. 0. orbitalis
is peculiar to Peru. The form comes near Leptopogon, but has a
broader bill and rather more bristly rictus. In colour it is very
like Phylloscartus. The tail is long and rounded.

Key to the Species.

A. Without a white eye-ring 1. Jiaveola, p. 120.

B. With a white eve-ring 2. orbitalis, p. 121.

1. Capsiempis flaveola.

Muscicapa flaveola, Licht. Doubl. p. 56 (1823).

Muscipeta flaveola, Burm. Syst. tfeb. ii. p. 488.

Capsiempis flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56 ; Scl. Cat.

A B p. 214 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p.' 47; Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 88; Berl. et Taez. P.Z.S. 1883,

pp. 537, 554, et 1885, p. 90.
Platyrhynchus flaviventris, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 12, pi. xv. fig. 1

(1825).
Tyrannula modesta, Stv. Orn. Dr. pi. 48.
Elainea semiflava, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 177, et ix. p. 89

(Veragua) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1874,

p. 309.

Above yellowish olive; lores and slight superciliary streak
yellowish ; wings and tail dark brown, edged with yellowish olive ;
spots at ends of wing-coverts yellowish and forming two transverse
bands : beneath sulphur-yellow ; sides somewhat olivaceous ; under
wino-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length
4-4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 2-1. Female similar.

Hob. Veragua and southwards to S.E. Brazil.

. Ad. st. S. America. -T. Gould, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad.sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.

lace).

46. PHYLLOMYIAS.

121

i. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Purchased.

j. Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).

Sclater Coll.

k. Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

m, n. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

o. Ad. sk.

Bolivia.

T. Bridges [C.].

2. Capsiempis orbitalis.

Capsiempis orbitalis, Cab. J.f. O. 1873, p. 68 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 536 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 250.

Above green, beneath yellow mixed with greenish ; crown dark
ashy grey, front bright wbitish mixed with yellowish green ; cheeks
yellowish green mixed with dark olive-green ; a row of milk-white
feathers round the eye, and behind them a short, obsolete, whitish
stripe ; tips of wing-coverts whitish yellow-green, forming two
bands ; outer secondaries with similar outer margins ; bill above
black, beneath pale yellowish ; feet plumbeous : whole length 4
inches, wing 2-2, tail l-7. (Cabanis.)

Hab. Central Peru.

46. PHYLLOMYIAS *. ^

Type.

Phyllomyias, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hern. ii. p. 57 (1859) . P. brevirostris.

This well-marked little group is remarkable for its short triangular-
shaped bill and the great feebleness of the rictal bristles. The
four species which I assign to it are all from S.E. Brazil, but others
are said to occur in Peru.

A. Cap olive like the back :

I throat greyish white 1. brevirostris, p. 121.

j throat yellowish like breast 2. burmeisteri, p. 122.

B. Cap grey :

I larger : ends of wing-coverts yellowish . . 3. griseocapilla, p. 122.
j smaller : ends of wing-coverts whitish .... 4. berlepschi, p. 123.

1. Phyllomyias brevirostris.

Platyrhynchus brevirostris, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, pi. 15. fig. 2.
Muscipeta asilus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 894.
Muscicapa virescens, Temm. PI. Col. 275. fig. 3.
Tyrannula virescens, Temm. Tab/. MSth. p. 27.
Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr. et d'Orb. Si/n. Av. i. p. 54.
Muscicapara boliviana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 328.

* I am not acquainted with the following species apparently belonging to
this genus: —

1. Phyllomyias virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105, from Brazil.

2. Phyllomyias cristata, Cab. J. f. O. 1SS4, p. 2.30.

3. Phi/llomyius cincreocapilla, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 67 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 536 ; id. Oru. Per. ii. p. 251 (Peru).

122 TrRANUTD^E.

Leptopogon olivaceus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186.

Muacicapa pusio, IAcht. in Mus. Berol.

Phyllomyias brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 214 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 48; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 88 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn.

1885, p. 131.

Above olive-greeu ; narrow front, lores, and eye-region whitish ;
wings and tail dark brown with olivaceous edgings ; the ends of the
wing-coverts lighter and somewhat ochraceous, forming two trans-
verse bands : beneath yellow, more olivaceous on the breast ; throat
greyish white ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet
blackish : whole length 4-7 inches, wing 24, tail 2'1. Female
similar.

Eab. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c. cJ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-G odman Coll.

Sul (Joyner).

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

2. Phyllomyias burmeisteri.

Elainea brevirostris, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 479.

Phyllomyias burmeisteri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 214 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48.
Phyllomyias subviridis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105.

Above similar to P. brevirostris; beneath of a nearly uniform
yellowish ; lower mandible lighter brown.

Hah. S.E.Brazil.

I have compared specimen b with the typo of P. burmeisteri in the
Berlin Museum, and believe them to be the same. The species is
very close to the preceding, and requires further investigation.

a. 3 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic

specimen of P. subviridis.)

b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

3. Phyllomyias griseocapilla.

Tyrannula griseocapilla, Lafr. MS.

Phyllomyias griseocapilla, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 214 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Cab. J. f. O.

1874, p. 88.

Above olive-green, whole cap dark grey, lores whitish ; wings
blackish, edged with yellowish olive, which forms two transverse
bars on the coverts ; tail brown margined with olive : beneath pale
grey, almost white on the middle of the belly and crissum ; sides of
breast and flanks yellowish olive ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible and feet blackish,

47. MYIOPATIS. 123

lower mandible pale brown: wbole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 2-1. S

i/ai. S.E. Brazil.

a, 6. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c- Ad- sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

4. Phyllomyias berlepschi.

Phyllomyias berlepschi, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.

Above dark cinereous, back tinged with olivaceous, lores whitish ;
wings and tail dark cinereous, tips of wing-coverts and narrow outer
margins of secondaries whitish : beneath greyish white, with a slight
wash of greenish, except on the throat and middle of the belly ;
under wing-coverts white with a faint yellowish tinge ; bill dark
brown ; feet black : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-8.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

Much smaller than P. griseocapilla, and paler above and below :
also without the yellowish wing-edgings.

a. Ad. sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)

47. MYIOPATIS *
„ . Type.

Myiopatis, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 58 M. semifusca.

These birds, which I have previously annexed to Phyllomyias,
certainly differ in the longer and more compressed bill,' and bad
better, perhaps, be kept apart. Their range is over the forest-clad
districts of South America down to S.E. Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Browner above ; -wing-margins whitish .... 1. semifusca, p. 12.">.

B. Greyer above ; wing-margins rufous 2. tunibezana, p. 124.

1. Myiopatis semifusca.

Phyllomvias semifusca, Scl. P. Z. S. 18G1, p. 383, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 214 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577, et 1868, p. 168 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Layard,

Ibis, 1873, p. 382 (Para); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 (S.

Marta) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342 (Pernambuco) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885,

p. 293 (Br. Guiana),
riatyrhynchus murinus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, t. xvi. fig. 2 (?).
Myiopatis incanescens, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 (nee Max.,

cf. Berl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554).

* Mi/iopatis wagw, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 ; id. On. Pur. ii. p. 253, from
Peru, is nut known to me.

124

TYTUNNIDiE.

Above brownish cinereous ; lores and ocular region whitish :
wings and tail dark cinereous, edged with brownish ; broad ends of
wing-coverts (forming two bars) and outer margins of external
secondaries whitish, often tinged with fulvous : beneath dirty white ;
abdomen and under wing-coverts more or less tinged with pale
yellowish : throat white ; bill dark brown, base of lower mandible
pale; feet blackish: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*9.
Female similar.

Hah. Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and
Eastern Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U.S. Colombia.

b. Ad. sk. Atauques, S. N. of Santa

Marta (Simons).

c. Ad. sk. Bogota.

d. J ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela ( Goering).

e. cj ad. ;f,ff. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
2 ad. sk. (Whiteby).

h. 3 jr. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski).

i. Ad. sk. Surinam (C. Bartlett).

j. Jad.sk. Mexiana, Amazons ( Wallace),

k. Ad. sk. Para (Lai/ard).

I. 2 id. sk. Para (Layard).

m,n. S ad. ; o. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

$ ad. sk.

p, q. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

r. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

s. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

t. Ad. sk. Ypanema, San Paulo (Nat-

terer).

u. Ad. sk. Bolivia.

Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

Salvm-Godrnan Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salviu-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sudbury Museum.
Sclater'Coll.

T. Bridges [C.].

2. Myiopatis tumbezana.

Phyllomyias tumbezana, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325, 1879, p. 234, et
1880, p. 202 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122.

Myiopatis tumbezana, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554 ; Tacz. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 252.

Above dark grey, more brownish on the rump ; lores and slight
superciliaries whitish ; wings blackish with pale rufous edgings ;
tail blackish with slight paler edgings : below pale cinereous,
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts
very pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length
5-9 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*6. Female similar.

Hah. Peru and Western Ecuador.

a. (J ad. sk.

b. (J ad. sk.

c. 5 ad. ; d.
Jr. sk.

e. 5 ad. sk.

Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. J Authentic

Pacasmayo,Peru(.SYofcOTfl!M?i). Sclater Coll. i speci-
Guajango, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. ) mens.

San Pedro, Peru (Orton).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

48. ORNITHION. 125

48. ORNITHION.

Type.

Ornithion, Hartl. J.f. O. 1853, p. 35 O. inerrne.

Camptostoina, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 203 O. imberbe.

To the curious little bird originally designated Ornithion by
Hartlaub in 1853, and remarkable for its constricted and projecting
bill and almost bristleless gape, may be added three other species
which range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. The form is
nearly allied to Tyrannulw ; and I should be rather inclined to unite
these two groups were it not for the great inconvenience of frequent
changes of nomenclature.

Key to the Species.

A. Belly yellow : wing-bands distinct, white or

yellowish.

iBill longer; cap plumbeous; white front
distinct 1. inerme, p. 125.
Bill shorter ; cap olive-brown ; front rather
lighter _ 2. pusillum, p. 126.

B. Belly cinereous white or with slight yellowish

tinge; wing-bands ochraceous, not so distinct;
cap cinereous.

\ Smaller ; back more cinereous 3. imberbe, p. 126.

| Larger ; back more olivaceous 4. obsoletum, p. 127.

1. Ornithion inerme.

Ornithion inerme, Hartl. J. f. 0. 1853, p. 35 ; Cab. et Rein. Mas.
Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 576, 577 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 48 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. Guiana).

Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, a distinct narrow white frontal
band between the eyes ; wings black, with large and distinct white
tips to the coverts, forming two bands, and with narrow olive edgings
to the secondaries ; tail brownish edged with olive : beneath yel-
lowish, whiter on the throat and rather more olivaceous on the
sides ; under wing-coverts lemon-yellow ; bill black ; feet dark
brown : whole length 3-7 inches, wing 1-0, tail 1-5. Female
similar.

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Eastern Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. S. America {Bremen Mas.). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

c. S ad. sk. Carimang r., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll

(Whitely).
(1. Ad. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

e,f. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

126 TY1UNNIDJE.

2. Ornithion pusillum.

Myiopatis pusilla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 (1859).
Camptostoma tlaviventre, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama),

18G7, p. 577 (Lower Amazons).
Camptostoma imberbe, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 (Trinidad).
Ornithion pusillum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 577 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 48 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn, Per. ii.

p. 255.

Above olive-green, cap rather darker, brownish ; lores and eye-
region slightly whitish ; wings blackish, with large and distinct
white tips to the coverts, forming two bands ; secondaries edged
externally with olive ; tail dark brown edged with olive : beneath
yellowish, more or less olivaceous ; throat paler ; under wing-coverts
pale yellow ; bill dark hazel; feet brown : whole length 3-8 inches,
wing 2, tail 1*8. Female similar.

Hob. Yeragua, Panama, and southwards to S.E. Brazil.

The bill is nearly similar in structure to that of 0. inerme, but
not quite so long, and rather more compressed towards the tip.
The absence of the white frontal band likewise distinguishes this
species.

a. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad.sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. cf ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Baiilett). Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Ad. sk. Trinidad (F. C. Taylor). Sclater Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll.

I, m. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased.

n, o. J ad. sk. Bartiea Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

p. Ad. sk. Surinam (C. Bartletf). Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Oyapock, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

r,s. Ad.sk. Mexiana, L. Amazons ( Wal- Sclater Coll.

lace),

t. Jr. sk. Para (Layard). Sclater Coll.

u. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

v, w. Ad. st. South America. Purchased.

3. Ornithion imberbe.

Myiopatis incanescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 (?).

Ornithion incanescens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 577 (nee Max., cf.

Lawrence, Ibis, 1876, p. 497) ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382 (Para) ;

B reiver, Ibis, 1878, p. 488 (Texas).
Camptostoma imberbe, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 203 ; id. Ibis, 1859,

p. 444, pi. 14. fig. 1 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 215 (ex Mexico).
Ornithion imberbe, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234, 1880, p. 202, et 1882,

p. 19 (Peru) ; Ridyiv. P. U. S. N. 31. iii. pp. 187, 218; id. Man.

48. ORNITHION. 127

N. A. B. p. 346 (Texas); Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 443;

Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 301 (Colombia).
Eupsilostoma pusillum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 68, 283 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 215 (W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, et 1877, p. 325

(Peru).
Ornithion pusillum, Scl. $ Sab. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru) ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294.
Ornithion selateri, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554, et 1884,

p. 296 (W. Ecuador), et 1885, p. 90 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 254.
Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi, Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. vii.

p. 208 (Arizona) ; Ridgiv. Man. N. A. B. p. 340.

Above cinereous, more or less olivaceous on the lower back
wings and tail blackish brown, with more or less distinct light
rufous tips to the coverts and edges to the outer secondaries: beneath
pale cinereous, with a very slight olivaceous tinge on the belly in
some specimens : under wing-coverts white, with a slight tinge of
lemon-yellow ; bill brown, lower mandible light hazel at the base ;
feet blackish : whole length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. Female
similar.

Hub. Texas, Mexico, and Central America, and southwards to
Peru and S.E. Brazil.

It has been shown by Mr. Lawrence (I. s. c.) that Muscipeta in-
canescens of Prince Max. of Xeuwied does not refer to this species as
was formerly supposed. The next name applicable seems to be
my " imberbe." The nearly uniform pale cinereous colour and light
rufous wing-bands distinguish this species, which, however, varies
much in different localities.

a. Ad. sk. S. Andres Tuxtla, Mexico Sclater Coll. (Type

(Salle). of the species.)

b. c? ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. 5 ad. sk. ; d-g. Cozumel I., Yucatan. Salvin-Gcdman Coll.
Ad. sk.

h. 5 ad.sk. Eseuintla, Guatemala (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. 2 ad. sk. ; /. Ad. Eealejo, Nicaragua (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk.

k. Ak. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Santa Eita, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ffomez).

m. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.

ra.Ad.sk. Guajango, Peru (Stolzmanii). Sclater Coll.

o, p. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. 2 ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Brazil {Land). Sclater Coll.

r, s. Ak. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

t. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

u. Ad. st. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.].

4. Ornithion obsoletum.

Muscicapa obsoleta, Temm. PI. Col. p. 275. fig. 1 ; d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn.

Av. i. p. 53.
Muscicapara obsoleta, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 328.

128 TTRANNIDiE.

Elainea obsoleta, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 480.

Myiopatis obsoleta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 58 ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 106.
Ornitliion obsoletum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 578 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomend.
p. 48.
Above cinereous, vrbole back with a decided olivaceous tint ;
■wings and tail dark ashy brown ; wing-coverts broadly margined
with paler rufous brown, 'and external secondaries edged with the
same colour : beneath very pale cinereous, whitish on the throat,
and with an olivaceous tinge on the belly ; under wing-coverts and
flanks pale yellowish white; bill brown, lower mandible carneous
at the base ; feet plumbeous : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 1-9.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

This bird is rather larger than any specimen of the preceding
species, and differs in its more olivaceous back, and lighter colour
below. I have compared it with Myiopatis obsoleta of the Berlin
Museum, and Muscicapara obsoleta of d'Orbigny.

a. Ad. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Brazil. J- Gould, Esq.

49. TYRANNULUS. T

Type.

Tyrannulus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 31 (1816) T. elatus.

A little group of three species, of which the two last are not very
distinct, ranging from Guatemala to Amazonia. It would be better
perhaps to restrict the name to the typical species, which is very
well distinguished by its elevated crest, short compressed bill, feebly-
bristled rictus, short wings and tail. But although T. semiflavus
and T. brunneicapillus have no crest, they come very near in other
respects.

Key to the Species.

A. Head with a yellow crest ; throat white. 1. elatus, p. 128.

B. Head not crested; whole body below

yellow :

"l cap well-defined, plumbeous 2. semiflavus, p. 129.

| cap not so distinct, brownish 3. brunneicapillus, p. 129.

1. Tyrannulus elatus.

Le Boitelet Mesange, Buff. N. H. v. p. 375.

Mesange lmppee de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 708. fig. 2.

.Gold-naped Wren, Lath. G. H. vii. p. 255.

Sylvia elata, Lath. lnd. Orn. ii. p. 549.

Tyrannulus elatus, Vieill. Lnc. Meth. p. 510 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 93,
pi. 71 ( c? ) ; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 483 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 185 ; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150, et 1856,
p. 141 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 215 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 ; Later.

49. TYKANNT7LUS. J29

An"i £ %*•*% P; 89 J ** # &fe. P. £ « 1866, p. 188 1867

p. 48 , Salv Ibis, 188o, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana) ; Faes. P. Z. S 1882
p. 19 1 ; trf. Om. «r. ii. p. 256; Berl, J.f. 0.1884, p. 300. '

-fipra elata, Sjn.r, Av. Bras. ii. p. 7, pi. 8a. f. 2 ($).

Above olive ; cap blackish, with an elongated mesial bright lemon-
yellow crest : sides of head cinereous; wings blackish, distinct tips
of coverts (forming two transverse bars) and outer margins of
external secondaries white; tail ashy brown, slightly tipped with
whitish: beneath yellowish olive, middle of beltyancl under wTn-
coverts yellowish; throat white; bill blackish; feet dark plum-
similar g 2'6 [mheS, Wing 1-9' tail 1>4- Femah

Bab. Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia, north to Panama.

^a/V*' ?razil- • Purchased.

c. A.a. sn:. Amazonia. Sclater Coll

f l'/J ad" Sk' nebaS', \ Peni (7/™^0- Salvin-Godman CoU.

nh/oiA i Oyapok, Cayenne (Je&Ai). Sclater Coll.

?V AH.iT Oyapok Cayenne (JMribi). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i, j. Ad.sk. Barhca Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( IV liitely).

m Addskk' S0"0?' ' Salvin-Godman Coll.

Taaa Sg0ta- r Sclater Coll.

w. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Min- Sclater CoU.

/os).

o. 2 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (#«/- Salvin-Godman Coll.

?«ort).

p. Ad. sk. Paraiso, Panama {Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Tyrannulus semiflavus.
Tyrannulus semiflavus Scl. f Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 300; iid. Ibis,
1860, p. 400; ltd Nommcl. p. 48 ; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 215 ; Later
Ami. L. N. Y. vm. p. 182 ; Salv. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313; 314

Above clear olive-green ; cap plumbeous; lores and superciliary
stnpe white; wings and tail blackish, with edges like the back •
beneath bright yellow ; bill and feet blackish : whole length 3 inches
wing 1-8, tail PI. '

Hob. Guatemala.

*" Ad,/k\ J,era Paz (***»)• Sclater CoU.

b, c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman CoU

4 e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). ^S^^f

3. Tyrannulus brunneicapillus.

Tyrannulus brunneicapillus, Laicr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12 ; id Ann L N.

Y. vn. p. 473, ix. p. Ill ; Scl. 8f Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359

Uanama); nd, A amend, p. 48; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p 307;

Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 314. F '

VOL. XIV.

130 TTRANNIDiE.

Similar to T. semiflavics, but cap not so distinct, and brownish in
tint, and not carried so far back : body beneath not so bright.
Hob. Panama.
A. somewhat doubtful species; a southern form of T. semifiavus.

a. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

b. 6 ad. sk. ; c. Lion Hill St., Panama {Mo- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Leannan).

d. Ad. sk. Panama. Purchased.

50. TYRANNISCUS *.

Tyranniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57

(1859) T. nigricapillus.

Tyranniscus is a name conferred by Cabanis and Heine on a
group of small Tyrants allied to Tyrannulus,but with a rather broader
bill ; longer wings and longer tail. They are diffused over the
Neotropical Region from Guatemala to S. Brazil, but mostly pre-
valent in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. They are, in fact, little
more than diminutive forms of Elainia, or at any rate form a
transition toward that genus.

Key to the Species.

A. Bill uniform, blackish.
a. Cap different from hack.

a'. Wing-coverts broadly tipped with
white or yellowish white ; belly
yellow.

J Cap blackish 1. nigricapillus, p. 131.

I Cap plumbeous 2. cinereiceps, p. 131.

b'. Wing-coverts narrowly edged with
yellow ; belly yellowish.
a". Breast pale cinereous.

J Larger ; crown cinereous .... 3. vilissimus, p. 132.
| Smaller ; crown not so different. 4. parvus, p. 132.
b". Breast cinereous, washed with

yellowish 5. improbus, p. 133.

c". Breast pale yellowish.

j Larger ; throat uniform 6. gracilipes, p. 133.

| Smaller ; throat whitish 7. acer, p. 133.

e'. Wing-coverts edged with pale oliva-
ceous 8. griseiceps, p. 134.

b. Cap olivaceous like the back.

j Front uniform 9. bolivianos, p. 134.

"j Front yellow 10. chrysops, p. 135.

B. Bill with lower mandible white 11. leueoyonys, p. 136.

* I do not recognize the following species: — Elainia viridijlava, Tsch. F. P.,
Aves, p. 160, t. ix. fig. 2 {-Leptopoyon virid 'iflavus, Bp. Cousp.i. p. 187 =Tyran-
niscus riridiflauus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 201), from
Peru.

50. TYEANNISCUS. 131

1. Tyrajrniscus nigricapillus.

Tyrannulus nigricapillus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 041 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1855, p. 150, et 1860, p. 93.
Tyranniscus nigricapillus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 216 ; Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 842, 1875, p. 234,

et 1870, p. 512 ; iid. Numencl. p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536,

et 1880, p. 203 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 257.

Above olive-green ; cap dull black, with a slight whitish super-
ciliary stripe ; wings black ; coverts broadly tipped with white or
yellowish white, forming two bands ; narrow external edgings to
most of remiges yellow ; tail blackish brown, with slight olivaceous
edgings : beneath yellow, rather olivaceous on throat and sides of
breast; under wing-coverts pale yellow : bill and feet black: whole
length 4-4 iuches, wing 2-4, tail 1"8. Female similar.

Hub. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia.

a. S ad.sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godtuan Coll.

b. tS ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll.

f. <$ ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

mon).

g. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

gomez).
h. Ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

*. Ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

2. Tyranniscus cinereiceps. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)

Tyrannulus cinereiceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 69, 283 (Ecuador).
Tyranniscus cinereiceps, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
"1870, p. 842, pi. liii. fi<r. 2; iid. Nomencl p. 48; Tacz. P.Z.S.
1874, p. 536 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 258 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 555, et 18S5, p. 90 (Ecuador).

Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, lores and sides of head whitish ;
ear-coverts black with the basal portion yellowish ; wings black,
coverts broadly tipped with white, remiges mostly narrowly edged
with yellow ; tail brown : beneath yellow, rather whitish on the
chin, and more olivaceous on the breast ; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; bill dark corneous ; feet blackish : whole length 4 inches,
wing 2-4, tail 1"7.

Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.

Near to T. nigricapillus, but distinguished by its plumbeous head
and black ear-coverts.

a. 2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

(Tvpe of the species.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

k2

132

TYPANNID-ffi.

3. Tyranniscus vilissimus .

Elainea vilissima, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122, pi. 4. fig. 1 ; Salv.

Ibis, 18(30, p. 194.
Tyranniscus vilissimus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216 ; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1870, p. 843 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Salv. Ibis, 1809, pp. 315, 318;

Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Laivr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix.

p. 111.

Above olive, cap dark cinereous, broad front and superciliaries
whitish ; wings blackish, with well-defined but narrow external
edgings of yellowish green ; tail blackish edged with olive : beneath,
throat and breast pale ashy white, slightly flamruulated ; middle of
belly almost white ; flanks and crissum pale yellowish with slight
greenish flanimulations ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish white ;
bill dark brown; feet black: whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2-4,
tail 2. Female similar.

Hub. Guatemala.

a, b. Ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk.

e,f. 6 ? ad. sk.

g,h. <$ 5 ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j. Ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.

Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,

Guatemala (Salvin).
Calderas (Salvin).
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala.
Coban, Guatemala.
Guatemala.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godnian Coll.
(Type of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.

4. Tyranniscus parvus.

Tyranniscus parvus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12 ; Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii.
p. 473, ix. p. 112 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, 1807, p. 981,
1870, p. 843; iid. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 ; id.
Ibis, 1869, p. 315 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 ; Boucard, P.Z.S.
1878, p. 63 ; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 414.

Similar to T. vilissimus, but smaller, cap not so well defined, and
rather paler below : whole length 2-7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7.
Female similar.

Hah. Costa Rica and Veragua.

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Boucard). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). 0. Salvin [P.].

/. $ ad. sk. Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. 2 ad- sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

i. Ad. sk. S. slope of Vole, of Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

k, /.Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

m. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

50. TYRANNISCUS. 133

5. Tyranniscus improbus.

Tyranniscus improbus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843; iid.
Nomencl. p. 48 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 ; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 318.

Above olive ; bead darker, almost blackisb ; front, sbort super-
ciliaries, and eye-region whitish ; wings blackish ; coverts and
secondaries narrowly but distinctly margined with yellow ; tail
brown witb olive margins like the back : beneath greyish white,
almost white on the throat ; breast and belly with a yellowish tinge ;
middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bend ot wing
yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 1-9.

Hah. Venezuela and Colombia.

Near to T. vilissimus, but the white front is more distinct, and
the breast has a shiny yellowish tinge.

a. 2 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Near Ocaiia, U.S. Colombia {Wyatt). Sclater Coll.

6. Tyranniscus gracilipes. (Plate XI. fig. 2.)

Tyranniscus, sp. 1317, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216.

Tyranniscus gracilipes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981, 1870, p. 843,

1873, p. 279, et 1879, p. 614 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Layard, Ibis,

1873, p. 382 ; Salv. Puis, 1885, p. 294.
Myiopatis pusilla, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 (?).

Above olive ; cap cinereous ; front and lores rather whitish ;
wings black with narrow but distinct external edgings of yellow ;
tail blackish, slightly margined with olive : beneath nearly uniform
yellowish, rather paler on the throat and brighter on the belly ;
under wing-coverts pale yellowish white ; bend of wing yellow; bill
and feet blackish : whole length 3-6 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1-4.
Female similar.

Hub. Bolivia, Amazonia, Venezuela, and Guiana.

a. Ad. sk. Siruacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

6. 2 a(i- ; Pehas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Sclater Coll. (Type

c. Ad. sk. of the species.)

d. 5 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

f,g. c? ad. ; Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

h-j. $ ad. sk. ( Whitely).

k. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

1. Ad. sk. Rio Negro (Katterer). Sclater Coll.

m. $ ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

7. Tyranniscus acer.
■dv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883,

Above olive ; head cinereous, front whitish ; wings blackish ;

Tyranniscus acer, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 206 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885,
"p. 294.

134 TTRANNTBiE.

coverts and secondaries distinctly edged with clear yellowish ; tail
blackish slightly margined with olive : beneath pale yellowish ; throat
ashy white ; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow : bill and feet
blackish : whole length 3-7 inches, wing 2, tail 1*7. Female similar,
but (apparently) with a shorter tail.

Hub. Guiana.

This plainly coloured species may be distinguished from T. cjraci-
lipes by its smaller size, whiter throat, and paler belly.

a,b. c? $ ad.sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Whitely).

c. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove ( Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

d, e. J ad. ; Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
/, g. 2 ad. sk. ( Whitely).

h. 5ad.sk. Rorainm, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

8. Tyranniscus griseiceps.

Tyranniscus griseiceps, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843 ; id. Nomencl.

"p. 48; Salv. Ibis, 1888, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana).
Phyllomyias griseiceps, Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554.
Phyllomyias cristatus, v. Perl. Journ.f. O. 1884, p. 300 (Bogota).

Above olive ; cap dark cinereous ; front and eye-region whitish :
wings blackish, wing-coverts slightly margined with pale brown ;
external margins of secondaries olive ; tail blackish brown with
olive margins : beneath yellow ; throat greyish ; under wing-coverts
pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length 4
inches, wing 1*9, tail 1-8. Female similar.

Hob. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and British Guiana.

The absence of the yellow edgings on the wing-coverts distin-
guishes this species from the four preceding ones.

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

d. S ad. sk. Maruria, Valencia, Venezuela (Goe- Sclater Coll.

ring).

e. J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(WJiitelg).

f. 2 ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Tyranniscus bolivianus.

Muscicapa olivacea, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (1837).
Muscicapara boliviana, d'Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 328.
Tyranniscus gracilipes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 185 (err.).
Tyranniscus viridissimus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782 ; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. G14 (Bolivia) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 260.

Above, including cap, uniform olive: wings blackish, with distinct
narrow yellowish edgings to the greater coverts and secondaries,
smaller coverts like the back ; tail dark brown edged with olive :

50. TYKASNISCTTS. 135

beneath pale greyish white, with a yellowish tinge, middle of belly
and under wiug-covcrts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet blackish :
whole length 4- 6 inches, wing 2, tail 2.

Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.

I have examined d'Orbigny's types at Paris and have convinced
myself that his species is the same as my T. viridissimus.

a. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S.Peru {Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type

of T. viridissimus.)

b. $ ad. sk. Guadeloupe, S. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). " Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Tilotilo {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

10. Tyranniscus chrysops.

Tyrammlus chrysops, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 458, 1859, p. 144, et 1860,

p. 93 (Ecuador).
Tyranniscus chrysops, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1870, p. 842, 1875, p. 234, et 1879, p. 513 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 48 ;

Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124 (Santa

Marta) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 259 ; Berl.

et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, 1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90 : Berl.

J.f. O. 1884, p. 301.
Tyranniscus flavifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 (1859).
Tyrannulus flavidifrons, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 69.
Tyranniscus flavidifrons, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216.

Above olive ; front yellow ; eye-region yellowish ; wings blackish,
with distinct yellow external edgings to the coverts and secondaries;
tail dark brown slightly margined with olive : beneath pale ashy
white, with a slight yellowish tinge on the throat and lower belly ;
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bend of the wing yellow ;
bill dark brown ; feet blackish : whole length 4-5, wing 2-3, tail 1*9.
Female similar, but (apparently) smaller and tail shorter.

Hab. Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

A rather variable and widely extended species, but apparently
always recognizable by its yellow front.

Chiromoto, Peru {Stohmann) . Sclater Coll.

Gualaquiza, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll.

Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of T. chrysops.)

Pallatanga, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of T. flavidifrons. )

Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

Jima, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Concordia, Antioquia {Salmon). Sclater Coll.

Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bogota. Sclater Coll.

Minca, S. N. of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Simons).

S. N. of Santa Marta {Simo7is). Sclater Coll.

Merida, Venezuela {Goeriny). Sclater Coll.

a.

Ad. sk.

b.

$ ad. sk.

c.

Jr. sk.

d,

e. $ ad. si

f. $ ad. sk.
g-j. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.

/.

Ad. sk.

m

. Ad. sk.

n.

Ad. sk.

0.

Ad. sk.

P-

Ad sk.

9-

$ ad. sk.

r.

Ad. sk.

s.

$ ad. sk.

136 TYKANNID.E.

1 1. Tyraimiscus leucogonys.

Tyranniscus leucogonys, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843; lid.
Nomencl. p. 48.

Above olive ; cap dark cinereous, narrow front and eye-region
whitish ; wings blackish ; coverts and secondaries narrowly margined
externally with yellow ; tail brown with olive margins : beneath
yellow ; throat and breast more greyish ; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; upper mandible brown, lower pale flesh-colour ; feet dark
brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2'4, tail 1"7.

Hab. Colombia.

I am a little doubtful about the correct position of this species,
which is at once recognizable by its pale lower mandible.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)

51. ELAINEA*.

Type.
Elaenea, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 89 (1836) .... E. pagana.

This is one of the most numerous genera of the Tyrannidce, and
perhaps the most difficult to deal with satisfactorily. The present
arrangement is nearly the same as that adopted in previous papers
on this group, and I am still unable to suggest a better one, though
I find that some of the species hitherto referred to Sect. A are
merely females or young of species of Sect. B.

Elainece may usually be recognized by their dull olive colour,
slightly crested head, and compressed bill, with but few traces of
rictal bristles. They are spread all over the Neotropical Region.

Key to the Species.

A. With a more or less concealed vertical spot.
a. Vertical spot white.

a'. Throat greyish white ; belly yellowish.

I Smaller : breast lighter i £• ?%(ma> P- 13J'

1 ° j 2. rtdleyana, p. 139.

I Larger : breast darker 3. gigas, p. 140.

b' . Under surface greyish white.

a". Middle of belly uniform 4. martinica, p. 141.

b". Middle of belly clear white.

a'". Larger : sides olivaceous :

) upper surface olivaceous. 5. albiceps, p. 141.

) upper surface grey 0. strepera, p. 143.

* See articles, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406, and 1870, p. 834, on this genus, of which
the following species are unknown to me : —

1. E. spectabilis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 176 (Brazil).

2. E. cincrca, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 180 (Brazil).

3. E. incompta, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59 (Venezuela).

4. E. gracilis, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 271 (Peru).

5. E. semiflava, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 177, ix. p. 89 (Veragua).

6. E. cinerascens, Eidgw. P. U. S. N. M. vii. p. 180 (New Providence I.).

51. ELAINEA.

137

""I Skr.81261 Sid6S dnere0US 7- hyP<>spodia, p. 144.

j |Jes cilJfreous 8. taczanowskii, p. 144.

{SaBSfir..:: SiS?*"*™

c». Smaller : wine 27 J? &jata»9«> P- 146.

&. Vertical spot straw-colour" or 'yellow' / ' P- 4' '

d'. Without wing-bars.

f". Back olive.

J Smaller: wins 2-7 i,i „,? -, ,n

i T ,„™ • °o I4- placens, p. 148.

* B3&£! ■ : : : j* «*«■*» "»

a-. With white tips to wingioVerts'. ' P' 149'

ft'. Belly yellow:

1 1 f ey ; -ci;est paler, i7- ««»«* P. i5o.

] breast browmsh ; crest brighter .... 18. flavivertlt n Tfii

.". . Belly yellowish white . . . . * 19 C S J 151

c Vertical spot rufous .. . on ~*2? ' P'lffo

B. Without a vertical spot. 20, ,UficepS> P* lo2"

rf. Tail unhanded.
/. Cap uniform with back.

,'• feker^fn tcf If —^ P- j*.

e. With a'light basal andtnninal tailed .' .' g ^"i&

1. Elainea pagana.

Muscicapa pagana, Licht. Dottbl. p. 54 (1823).
Platyrhynehus paganus, Spue, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, pi. 16 f 1
Muscicapa brevirostris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 799 (1831)
Elainea pagana, Cab. mSchomb. Guian. iii. p. 701 : Burm Suit TT*h
11 p. 476 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, 1861, p. 406, iStp 99
(Lima), et 1870, p. 834 j « 0* ^. 2?. p. 216 ^J. ^ fflifii

P. Z S. 1866, p. 188 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 978 (Amazons), 1868
p. 628 (\enezuela), 1869, p. 598 (E. Peru), 1873 d 279/1?
Peru), 1876 p. 16 (S. Peru?, et 1879, p. 51^ (lntio|uia) / g
Nornencl p. 48 ; AAr ,J f. O 1867, p. 228 ; Aheln, Orn. Br as
p 106 j Layard, Ibts,187S, p. 382 (Para) ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1874 « 88 •

18&0, p. 124 ; Jbrfeg, iSw 1881, p. 342 ; Ridqw. P U S N M
v. p. 500 (Costa Rica) ; Taez. P. £ S. 1882, J» fid.^pf
11 p. 262; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 301 ; Salv. Bis, 1885, p. 294 (Br'
LTUiana). ' r K

Elainea subpagana, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36 ; iid. P Z S 18fi4
p. 859, et 1870. t>. 837 : Sri P x 'v is/;i ~ Vn« IVoS;*1™*'

^4«n. Z. iV. F. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 176, et ix. p 11-i

^"rL-'p1^13,'.^ **£' V801' ft 406 (Ecuador) j Berl.
et Pacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, et 1885, p. 90. n <-,,,.

138

tyiunxid.i:.

Elainea chhiquensis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 17G (Veragua);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 147 (?).

Above greyish olivaceous ; head rather darker, subcrestec! ;
vertical spot -white ; wings and tail brownish black ; wing-coverts
with white terminal spots, forming two cross bands ; outer secon-
daries edged externally with white ; the rest of the wing-feathers
and tail-feathers slightly margined with olivaceous: beneath, throat
and breast greyish white ; middle of belly yellow ; flanks more or
less cinereous; under wing-coverts yellowish white; bill brown,
base of lower mandible pale ; feet blackish : whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-3, tail 3. Female. Like the male, but with the white spot
on the head smaller or absent.

Hah. Southern Mexico, and southwards down to Brazil.

When a large series of this bird is examined, so much variation
is evident that it is no longer possible to maintain E. sub-
pagana of Central America and E. semipagana of Western Ecuador
as distinct species. As a rule, however, the northern birds are
darker in colour above, and more strongly coloured with yellow
below. The throat also is usually of a lighter grey.

Mexico. Sclater Coll.

Near the City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

MugeresL, Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Meco I., Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Holbox I., Yucatan. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). I Sclater Coll.

Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). } Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of E. subpayana.)

Guatemala (Salrin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Half-Moon Key, British Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.
duras (Salvin).

San Pedro, British Honduras
(Whitely).

San Pedro, British Honduras
(Whitely).

British Honduras (Blanca-
neaux).

Costa Rica (Carmiol).

Irazu, Costa Rica (Sogers).

Southern slope of V. de Chiri-
qui (Arce).

Chiriqui (Arce).

Chiriqui (Hicks).

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

Chitra, Veragua (Arce).

Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce).

Veragua (Arce).

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama (McLeannan).

Paraiso Sta., Isthm. of Pa-
nama (Hughes).

a.

Ad. sk.

b.

Ad. sk.

c-

e. Ad. sk.

f,

q. Ad. sk.

h-o. Ad. sk.

P-

Ad. sk.

?•

2 ad. sk.

r.

Ad. sk.

s.

Ad. sk.

t.

<$ ad. sk.

n.

Ad. sk.

V.

Ad. sk.

IB

Ad. sk.

X.

Ad. sk.

y-

Ad. sk.

2 ad. sk.

a'

Ad. sk.

V

<$ ad.sk.

c'

? ad. sk.

d

. $ ad. sk.

e'

f. 3 2 ad. sk

ff'

. Ad. sk.

h

-/"• 6 2 ad. sk.

k

. Ad. sk.

V

Ad. sk.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

!

51. ELAINEA.

139

m'. Ad. sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
p'. J ad. sk.
g'. c? ad. sk.

r'. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
t', W. $ 2 ad. sk.
t>'. Ad. sk.
w', x'. Ad. sk.
y', z'. Ad. sk.
a''. Ad. sk.
b". $ ad. sk.
e". j ad. sk.

rZ", e". Ad. sk.

/". Ad. sk.

g". 3 ad. ; k", i".
2 ad. ; ./". Al-
bino sk.

k"-n". c? ad. ; o",
p". 2 ad. sk.

9", ?•". J 2 ad. sk.

s", t". 3 2 a(l. sk.

u". Ad. sk.
i'". 2 ad. sk.
w". c? ad. sk.
x",y". 6 2 ad.sk.
s". 2 ad. sk.
«"', 6'". Ad. sk.
c'", d'". Ad. sk.
e'",f". Ad. sk.
g'" , h'". Ad. sk.
4"'. Ad. sk.
f", k'". rf 2 ad. sk.
V", m'". Ad. sk.

n'". Ad. sk.
o'",p'". Ad. sk.
0'". Ad. sk.

Isthmus of Panama (Arce).
Panama (Hughes).
Sta. Marta, U. S. C.
Minca, U. S. C. (Simons).
Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann).
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Antioquia (Salmon).
Bucaranianga, U. S.C. (Minlos)
Bogota, U. S. C.
Valencia, Venezuela ( Goering).
S. Esteban, Venezuela

(Goering).
Trinidad.
Tobago (Kirk).
Tobago (Kirk).

Rorairna, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Rorairna, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Wiitely).
Cayenne.
Cayenne (Jelski).
Pebas, E. Peru (Ilauxicell).
Para (E. L. Lay aril).
Ceara, Brazil (Zietz).
Pernambuco, Brazil ( Craven).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Babia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.
Bolivia.
Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type
of F. semipayana.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sah-in-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Zool. Soc. Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
IVeeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sudbury Mus.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].
Ld. Stuart de Rothe-
say (P.].

2. Elainea ridleyana.

Elainea ridleyana, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1888 (Feb. 7th).

Similar to E. pcu/ana, but darker in colour and with, longer bill.
Nab. Island of Fernando Xoronha.

a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.

Fernando Norouha.
Fernando Noronha.

II. X. Ridley. Esq. [C.~|.

(Types of the species.)
Capts! Burnett & Fitzroy [P.].

140

TYRANNID.E.

3. Elainea gigas.

Elainea albiceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 71 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 (nee

Lafr. et D'Orb.).
Elainea gigas, Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 831 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,

p. 185, et 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Tacz. P.Z.S.

1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19 ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 265.

'/I i l! \\

\\\

1 Y

^Hl v

Head and wing of Elainea gigas. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 832.)

Above dark olivaceous brown ; head crested, with a large vertical
spot ; wings and tail dark brown ; a double band across the wing-
coverts and external margins of the outer secondaries dirty white ;
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly margined with oliva-
ceous : beneath, throat grey ; breast and flanks greyish olivaceous ;
middle of belly yellow ; under wing-coverts and crissum yellowish
grey ; bill reddish brown, lighter at the base ; feet blackish : whole
length 6 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3*3. Female similar.

Hob. Ecuador and Peru.

This species is chiefly distinguishable from E. pagana by its large
size ; but it is also darker above, and has a much larger white ver-
tical spot, which occupies nearly the whole of the interior of the
crest.

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo.

b, c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

d. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

e. Ad. sk. Huiro, S. Peru ( Whxte&y).

f. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru ( JVJiitelg).

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

,

51. ELAINEA. 141

4. Elainea martinica.

Muscicapa martinicana cristata, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 362.

Muscicapa martinica, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325.

Tvrannula martinica, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 375.

Elainea martinica, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 169 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 271 (S. Lucia), 1874, p. 175 (Barbadoes), et 1879, p. 765 (Mont-
serrat) ; Semper, P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 650; Scl. et Salv. No mend, p. 48;
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 113 ; Laivr, P. U. S. N. M. i. pp. 59, 191,270,
357, 458, 487, et iii. p. 256 ; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St.Yincent) ;
Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 489 (Montserrat).

Elainea riisii, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 314, 1861, p. 406, et 1870, p. 834 ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Newton, Ibis, 1860, p. 307 (St. Thomas).

Muscicapa albicapilla, Vieill. Ois. a? Am. Sej)t. p. 66, pi. 37.

Above dark olivaceous ; head subcrested, with a well-marked
white basal spot : wings and tail blackish brown ; double bar across
the wing-coverts and outer edges of external secondaries dirty white,
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers with narrow olivaceous outer
margins : beneath pale cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge on
the flanks and crissum ; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible
reddish ; feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3*2, tail 3. Female
like the male, but with the vertical spot less apparent or absent.

Hah. Antilles, from St. Thomas down to Barbadoes.

This species is very similar to E. pagana, but is of a nearly uni-
form pale cinereous brown. As in E. pagana, there is much indi-
vidual variation.

a. Ad. sk. St. Thomas (Biise). Sclater Coll. (Type

of E. riisii.)
b,c. 3 2 ad. sk. St. Thomas (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Montserrat (Sturge). Sclater Coll.

e. <3 ad. sk. Dominica (Ober). Sclater Coll.

/. Ad.sk. Dominica (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g,h. Ad. sk. St. Lucia (Semper). Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Barbadoes (Briggs). Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Barbadoes. Sir R. Schombur°:k

[P.].

k. Ad.sk. Barbadoes ( \] edderburn). Jardine Coll.

I. Jr. sk. Grand Cayman I. (Richard- Sclater Coll.

son).

5. Elainea albiceps.

Muscipeta albiceps, cVOrb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.

p. 319.
Elainea albiceps, Scl. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 71 (Ecuador), 1861, p. 406

(Bolivia et Peru), 1867, p. 327 (Chili), et 1870, p. 834 (Honduras);

id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 174, 568 (\V.

Peru), 1873, pp. 185, 279 (Peru), 1876, p. 16 (Peru), 1878, p. 433,

et 1879, p. 614 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 107 ; Burn/. Ibis, 1878, p. 60 (rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z.S. 1882,

p. 606 (rep. Arg.) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (W. Peru); id. Ibis,

1885, p. 294 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 203 ; Berl. et Jher.

Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1885, p. 133 (S. Brazil) ; Scl. et Huds.Arg.Om.

i. p. 145.

142

TYK.SNNID-E.

Elainea griseogularis, Scl, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, pi. 146. fig. 1, 1859,

p. 46, et 1861, p. 407 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.

1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador).
Elainea modesta, Tsch., Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 274 ; id. Faun. Per.,

Ares, p. 159 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p.46,et 1861, p. 407, et 1867, p. 338 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hein, ii. p. 59 ; Burm.

J f. 0. 1860, p. 246 ; id. La-Plata Peise, ii. p. 454 ; Peh. Om. Bras.

p. "107 (?) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1868, p. 142 ; iid.

ZWs, 1868, p. 185 j Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; Cab. J.f. O. 1878,

p. 197.
Elainea parvirostris, Peh. Om. Bras. p. 178 (?).
Elainea cristata, Pelz. Om. Bras. pp. 107, 177 (?).
Elainea albivertex, Pelz. Om, Bras. pp. 107, 177 ; Berl. J.f. 0. 1884,

p. 301.

Above dark ashy brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the
rump ; head slightly darker, with a more or less concealed white
vertical spot ; wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverta
(forming two transverse bands) and outer margins of exterior secon-
daries dirty white ; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly
margined with lighter colour : below nearly uniform pale cinereous,
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts
slightly tinged with yellowish ; bill brownish, paler at the base ;
feet blackish : whole length 6 inches, wing 3'2, tail 3. Female
similar.

Hub. All South America, except Colombia.

The characters of this variable species are taken from specimens
obtained in Southern Peru by Whitely, which agree nearly with
d'Orbigny's types in the Paris Museum. E. griseigularis of Western
Ecuador is smaller in size, but is easily matched by some Peruvian
specimens. So far as I can judge from single examples, E. cris-
tata and E. albivertex of Pelzeln are inseparable from the present
species.

Salvin-Godnian Coll.

Sclater Coll.

a, b. S a(i- ; c, d.

2 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.

/• 6 ad.; g,h.

? ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j. 2 ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m. cJ ad. sk.

n. 2 ad. sk.
o, p. Ad. sk.
q. 3 ad. sk.
r. Jr. sk.
*, t. Ad. sk.
u. Jr. sk.
i>. Ad. sk.

Roraima, British Guiana

(Whitdy).
Roraima, British Guiana

(Whitehj).
Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).
Cayenne (Jelskt).
Valencia,Yenezuela(Goe?7«^)
Sarayacu, ~Ecuador(Bucklet/).
Jima, Ecuador {Buckley).
Riobarnba, Ecuador (Fraser).

Pebas, E. Peru (Hau.rtcell).

Pebas, E. Peru (Hau.vwell).

Chyavetas, E.Peru (Bartleit).

Lower Ucayali (Bartlett).

E. Peru.

E. Peru (Farris).

E. Peru (Tschudi).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type
oiE. griseigularis, Scl.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Typical
of E. modesta, Tsch.)

51. ELAINE A.

143

to. Ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.

z. $ ad. sk.
a'. $ ad. sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d', e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
9'. Ad. sk.
h! . Ad. sk.
t'. Ad. sk.

3

Ad. st.

k'. Ad. sk.
Z'. Ad. sk.

m'. A.d. sk.

Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

cJ ad. sk.

s'. 2 a(i- sk-

«'.

Ad. sk.
v'. c? ad.:
2 ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

Huiro, Peru ( Whitely).
Huiro, Peru (Whitely).
Tambo Valley, W. Peru

(Whitely).
Arequipa, Peru (WJiitely).
Callao, Peru (Markham).
Bolivia.

Chili (Leybold).
Chili.
Chili.

Valparaiso.

Port Famine, Patagonia.
Magellan Straits.

Magellan Straits.

Magellan Straits.

Taken at sea, H.M.S. 'Alert,'

in lat. 30D 40' S., long. 48°

27' W.
Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Bur-

meister).
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres.
Buenos Ayres (Haslehust).
Buenos Ayres (Hudson).
Curytiba, Brazil (Xatterer).
Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer).

Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer).

Rio Grande do Sid (Plant).
Eio Grande do Sul (Jhering).

Ceara, Brazil (Zietz).
Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil
(Lund).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
T. Bridges [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
C. Darwin [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sir W. Burnett and

Capt. Fitzroy [C.].
Sir W. Burnett and

Capt. Fitzroy [C.].
' Challenger ' Exp.
The Admiralty.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

H. Durnford [0.1
Sclater CoU.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll. (E. aU

bivertex, Pelz.)
Sclater Coll. (E.

cristata, Pelz.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

6. Elainea strepera.
Elainea strepera, Cab. J.f. 0. 18S3, p. 215.

Above dark greyish olive ; head slightly crested, with a white
basal spot ; eye-ring white ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-
coverts rufous ; slight margins of wing- and tail-feathers olivaceous :
beneath cinereous, middle of belly white, flanks olivaceous ; under
wing-coverts pale cinereous ; bill dark brown, pale at the base ; feet
blackish : whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-7.

Hab. Argentine Eepublic, Prov. Tucuman.

Described from a specimen, apparently not quite adult, in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection. Allied to E. cdbiceps, but more cinereous
above, and distinguished by its white eye-ring and the rufous edgings
of the wing-coverts.

144: TYRANNID^.

7. Elainea hypospodia.
Elainea hypospodia, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.

Above dark cinereous: head subcrested,with a concealed white ver-
tical spot ; wings blackish, with white terminal spots on the coverts,
forming two well-defined cross bands, and the outer secondaries
margined and terminated with white ; tail ashy like the back : beneath
pale cinereous ; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
white ; bill brown, pale reddish at the base : whole length 5-3
inches, wing 2-9, tail 2*5.

Hab. Venezuela.

Rather larger than E. leucospodia, and without any trace of
yellow or olive on its plumage.

a. Jad.sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

8. Elainea taczanowskii.

Elainea taczanowskii, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 137.

Above grey, with a very slight olivaceous tinge ; head blackish,
slightly crested, with a white basal spot ; wings blackish, wing-
coverts and secondaries margined with white ; tail blackish brown :
beneath white, breast and sides cinereous ; under wing-coverts
white ; bill brown, pale at the base ; feet black : whole length 4-5
inches, wing 2-4, tail 2.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

Described from the typical specimen, from Bahia, in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.

9. Elainea leucospodia.

Elainea leucospodia, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325, et 1880, p. 203 ; Orn.
Per. ii. p. 267.

Above cinereous; head darker, with a well-marked basal crest of
pure white ; wings and tail blackish, with more or less decided
whitish edgings : beneath pale cinereous, middle of belly white ; Hanks
and crissum with a slight yellowish tinge ; bill brown, whitish at
the base: feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1*9.
Female similar.

Hab. Western Peru.

Generally resembling E. albiceps, but at once distinguishable by
its smaller size.

a. 2 ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Chepen, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

51. ELAINEA.

145

10. Elainea frantzii.

Elainea frantzii, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 172, et ix. p. 42 (Costa
Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 ; Sal v. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197
(Veragua); Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63
(Costa Rica); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49; iid. P. Z.S. 1879,
p. 513 (Autioquia) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496, et vi. p. 393.

Elainea pudica, Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833 ; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 781 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Perl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 302 (Bucararnanga).

Head and wing of Elainea frantzii. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 834.)

Above dark olive-brown ; bead slightly crested, with a white basal
spot ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of the wing-coverts, forming
transverse bands, and outer margins of the external secondaries
whitish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers slightly margined with
olivaceous : beneath pale olive-brown mixed with yellowish, brighter
in the middle of the belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts ; bill
brown, lower mandible reddish at the base; feet blackish : whole
length 6 inches, wing 3'2, tail 2-7. Female. Similar, but some-
times, if not always, without the white vertical spot.

Hah. Guatemala, and Central America down to Panama, Colombia,
and Venezuela.

1 had formerly supposed that E. frantzii had no white vertical
spot, and placed it accordingly in another section of the genus. But
this was an error, the white spot having been described by Mr.
Lawrence in his original diagnosis of the species, and being un-
doubtedly present in many specimens. I also find the white spot
present in some specimens of the Southern E. pudica, and am now in-
clined to regard this supposed species as inseparable from E. frantzii.

a, b. c? 5 ad. ; c. San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. (Salrin).

d. $ ad. sk. Medio Monte, Guatemala (»S'a/- Salvin-Godman Coll.

vin).

e. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Diego Sclater Coll.

(Salvin).

VOL. XIV. L

146

TTEANNID^i.

g. 3 ad. sk.

ft, i. 3 ad. sk.

;. Ad. sk.

k. 3 ad. sk.

I. Ad. sk.

m, n. 3 2 a(i. sk.

o. Ad. sk.

p. Ad. sk.

q. Ad. sk.

r, s. Ad. sk.
t . 3 ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.
;r. $ ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.

Barranco-IIondo, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Irazu District, Costa Rica

(Rogers).
Costa Rica (Carmoil).
Costa Rica (Boucard).
Volcan de Ckiriqui (Arce).
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.

Bogota.

Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmoti).
Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Merida, Venezuela (Goering).
Merida, Venezeula (Goering).

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. pudica.)

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salmon [C.].

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

11. Elainea olivina. (Plate XII.)

Elainea olivina, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1884, p. 446 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 294.

Above dark olive-brown ; head slightly crested, with a large
white basal spot : wings and tail blackish ; tips of the wing-coverts,
forming two well-marked transverse bands, and outer margins of
external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish
margins : beneath pale yellowish, rather more cinereous on the throat ;
under wing-coverts white ; bill brown, paler at the base of the
lower mandible ; feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail
2-8. Female similar.

Hah. Interior of British Guiana.

This species is closely allied to E. frantzii, but is rather smaller
in dimensions, of darker colour above and much more yellowish
below.

a, b. 3 ad. ; c-e.

$ ad. sk.
/, g. 3 ? ad. sk.

Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
Sclater Coll.

12. Elainea pallatangae.

Elainea pallantangte, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, pi. xli. ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 217 ; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 48 ;

Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 264; Tacz.et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123.
Elainea albiceps, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 530, 1879, p. 234, et

1882, p. 19 (?).

Above dark olive-brown, rather lighter on the rump ; head
slightly crested, with a white basal spot ; wings and tail blackish
brown ; two bands on the wing-coverts and outer margins of

51. ELAINEA.

147

external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish
margins : beneath pale yellowish, cinereous on the throat ; under
wing-coverts pale yellowish ; bill brown, lower mandible paler ;
feet blackish : whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-6. Female
similar, but white vertical spot sometimes absent.

Hob. Ecuador and Peru.

This species is closely allied to E. oliviua, but is not quite so
dark above and not quite so yellow below. The under -wing-coverts
are yellowish, not white.

a, b. $ ad.sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

c. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador.
e,f. Ad. sk. Jiiua, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sclater Coll.

(Types of the species.)
L. Fraser.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll,

13. Elainea fallax.

Elainea sp. ex Jamaica, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 314.
Elainea fallax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 832 ; id. Cat,
A. B. p. 217 ; Scl. et Salt: Nomencl. p. 48.

Head and wing of Elainea fallax. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833.)

Above dark olive-brown ; head darker, slightly crested, with a
large white basal spot ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-
coverts forming two white cross bands, and outer margins of
external secondaries whitish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers
slightly margined with olivaceous : below pale yellowish, rather
lighter ou the middle of the throat ; under wing-coverts pale
yellowish ; bill dark brown, lower mandible pale at the base ; feet
blackish : whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-5. Female
similar.

Hah. Jamaica.

E. fallax is closely allied to the three preceding species, but may
be distinguished by its smaller size and shorter bill.

a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica ( Ward). Sclater Coll.

(Types of E. fallax.)
c, d. <$ 2 a(^ 8^> Jamaica (Newton). Salviu-Godman Coll.

l2

148

TYRANNID.&.

14. Elainea placens.

Contraniaestre pardo verdoso corona amarilla, Azara, Apunt. ii.

p. 57 (?).
Sylvia vindicate, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xi. p. 171; ul. Enc. Moth.

p. 433(?).
Muscicapara viridicata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 325 (certe).
Helinaea viridicata, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11.
Muscicapa elegant, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 52 (Bolivia).
Elainea placens, Scl. P.Z.S. 1859, p. 46 (Mex. et Guatemala),

1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 835 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Scl. et Salv.

Ibis, 1859, p. 123, pi. 4. f. 2; iid. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 359, 1868,

pp. 628, 631, 1873, p. 279, 1876, pp. 16, 17 ; iid. Nomenel. p. 48 ;

Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 194; id. P.Z.S. 1870, p. 197; Lawr. Ann.

L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, ix. pp. 112, 201; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,

p. 307 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325 (Peru) ; Boiward, P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 447 (Costa Rica).
Elainea grata, Cab. J.f. O. 1883, p. 216 (Tucuman) ?

Above dull olive-green ; head dark cinereous, slightly crested,
with a large basal spot of bright yellow; lores and eye-region
mixed with whitish : wings and tail ashy black, with slight margins
of the same colour as the back : beneath pale cinereous ; belly, cris-
sum, and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill blackish ;
feet dark brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2'5, tail 2-5. Female
similar.

Hub. From Mexico throughout Central and Southern America to
Brazil and Bolivia.

As will be seen by the list of localities we have now specimens of
this species, originally described as E. placens from Mexican skins
and generally known under that name, from Southern Peru and
Brazil. I have examined specimens of Muscicapara viridicata of
d'Orbigny from Bolivia, and find that they cannot be separated
from the Peruvian bird. It is perhaps a little doubtful whether
Azara's bird, upon which Vieillot founded his Sylvia viridicata,
should be referred here ; but it is quite probable that the species
also extends to Paraguay, and that the Elainea grata of Cabanis
from Tucuman also belongs to it. But I am unwilling to alter the
name to E. viridicata until a further supply of southern specimens
has been obtained. To employ the name elegans, which d'Orbigny
and Lafresnaye first assigned to their Bolivian birds, would only
create fresh difficulties by confounding this species with E. elegans
of Pelzeln.

a. 5 ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (Salle).

b. Ad. sk. Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico

(Forrer).

c. e. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
f-l. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
m. 2 ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San

Diego (Salvin).
n, o. Ad. sk. Betaluleu, Guatemala (Salvi?i).
p. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).

q. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

51. ELAINEA.

149

r.

2 ad. sk.

Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

s.

Ad. sk.

Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

t.

c? ad. sk.

Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce").

Salvin-Godman Coll

u.

c? ad. sk.

Ckitra, Veragua (Arce).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

V.

cJ ad. sk.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

w

Ad. sk.

Veragua (Arce).

Sclater Coll.

X,

y. S ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

z.

Ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Sclater Coll.

a'

S ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Tweeddale Coll.

V

Ad. sk.

Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

Sclater Coll. 1
Sclater Coll. (

c'

d Ad. sk.

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

(Types of E. implacem.)

d'

Ad. sk.

Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

e'

$ ad. sk.

San Esteban, Venezuela
(Goering).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

f

cJ ad. sk.

Maranura, Soutb Peru ( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

.'/

Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch).

Sclater Coll.

//

Ad. st.

Brazil.

Purchased.

15. Elainea subplacens.

Elaiuea subplacens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218 ;
id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48 ; Bed. et
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, et 1885, p. 122 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 268.

Very similar in all respects to E. placens, and distinguished only
by its larger size and duller colour above. lb is also, perhaps,
slightly paler below. Whole length 5-9 inches, wing 3, tail 2-9.

Hab. Western Ecuador.

a, b. cS ad. sk. Pallatanga (Fraser).

c. ^ ad. sk. Pallatanga (Fraser).

d. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador

{Tiling worth).

e. Ad. sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sclater Coll. (Types

of E. subplaceyis.)
L. Fraser [C.].
Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

16. Elainea cotta.

Elainea cotta, Gosse, Ann. N. H. ser. 2, iii. p. 257 (1849) ; id. IB. B.
Jam. pi. 45 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 76, 408 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218 ;
Albrecht, J.f. O. 1862, p. 198; Scl. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 835; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 48.

Above olive-brown, slightly greenish on the rump ; head darker,
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow ; wings and
tail brownish black ; secondaries slightly margined externally
with yellowish : beneath pale cinereous, belly tinged with sulphur-
yellow ; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill brown,
paler at the base of the lower mandible ; feet black : whole length
5 inches, wing 1*7, tail 1'5. Female similar, but without the
yellow vertical spot.

Hab. Jamaica.

"L5Q TTEANNIt)^!.

This bird belongs to the group of E. placens, but is smaller in
size than that species, and has a more constricted bill ; it is also
much darker in colour above.

a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.

cAdsk. Jamaica (Gossei ScaterColl.

f 0 ad sk. Jamaica (A&Dtai). Salvin-Godman Coll.

{'.Ad.sk. Jamaica. . Salym-Godman Coll.

I Ad. sk. Jamaica (Chitty). Jardine Coll.

17. Elainea gaimardi.

Muscicapa albicilla, XOrbetLafr. Syn. i. p. 52 (1837).

Muscicapara gaimardi, <F0r6 %,^Kf«'fif, ^

Elainea caniceps, Scl. Cat. A.B. p. 217 ; td. P. .Z. 6. 1861, p. 407,

Pt 1870 « 8 ',r, ; P/>fc. Ow. Pms. p. 10/ ; &/. e^oZo. P. Z.& 1867,

t 978, et " 1873, p. 279 ; 0*. .#. Orn. 1874, p. 88 ; Tarn. Om.

m^dl'Jnl'Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 107; Scl. et Salv. P.Z.& 1868,
VV 628 1, 631 et 1879, p. 614; fi£ P. Z. & 1870, p. 835; Tacz. Om.
Wr ii p 266 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana}.
Elainia maPcilvaimi, Lawr. Ann. L.N. F.x. p. 10 (1871) ; Safe. Iks,
1874, p. 315 (Panama).
Above pale greenish olive ; head blackish, slightly crested, with
a large basal spot of yellowish white, more or less strongly coloured ;
win-s and tail blackish brown; wing-coverts broadly margined
with yellowish white, forming two transverse bands ; secondaries
externally margined with yellowish white : beneath pale cinereous ;
abdomen more or less strongly tinged with sulphur-yellow; imdcr
win-coverts sulphur-yellow; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black:
whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2. Female similar. _
Hob S America, from Panama down to Brazil and Bolivia.
Mr Salvin and I have hitherto referred specimens of this species
to E. 'caniceps, Sw., and E. elegam, Pelz. Put there is much varia-
tion in the tinge of yellow in the crest, which was our chief guide
in separating these two supposed species. _ I now unite the whole
series under the title E. gaimardi-, having ascertained that the
Muscicapara gaimardi of d'Orbigny undoubtedly belongs here.
a 2 ad sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Loll

c Ag sk Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.

ie.Ad.Bk. Bogota.' Sclater Coll.

/ Ad. sk. Bogota. , Sa vin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad.sk. San Estaban, Venezuela. |c ater Co.

h. Ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.

(Goering). _ _ . _ , _. „

i. 2 ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Goering). _ , . _. , „ „

ik cJ2sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

1. 0 ad. sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana ( Wliitely). Sclater Coll.

51. ELAINEA.

151

m. $ ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salviu-Godrnan Coll.

( Whitely).
n, o. S 2 ad- sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godnian Coll.

(Whitely).
p,q. S 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).
r. Ad. sk. Guiana.

s. Ad. sk. Cayenne.

t. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne,

w. c? ad. sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer).

(Typical of E. elegans, Pelz.)
v. c? ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxivell). Sclater Coll.

w. 2 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll

x. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

y. Ad. st. Brazil (F). Purchased.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

18. Elainea flavivertex.
Elainea flavivertex, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.

Above olive-green, rather paler on the rump ; head blackish,
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow ; wings
blackish, both rows of wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish,
forming two transverse bands ; secondaries margined externally
with yellowish ; tail brown, with slight olivaceous margins : beneath
cinereous, lighter on the throat ; belly tinged with sulphur-yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill brown ; feet blackish :
whole length 4*6 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2-1.

Hab. Upper Amazonia.

This species resembles E. gaimardi, but is much darker below,
and has a fiery yellow crest like E. placens.

a. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species).

b. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). E. Bartlett [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (HauxwelT). Salvin-Godman Coll.

19. Elainea caniceps.

Tyrannula caniceps, Su\ B. Brazil, t. 49 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 191.
Elainea caniceps, Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. 107 (?).

Above olive-green ; upper part of the back cinereous ; head dark
cinereous, slightly crested, with a large basal spot of white, slightly
tinged with yellow ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-coverts,
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of the secondaries
pale yellowish white : beneath pale cinereous, almost white on the
belly ; crissum and under wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellow :
bill dark brown ; feet blackish : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 1-7.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

My description is from a single skin from the collection of Messrs.
Salvin and Godman, which is, I think, more likely to be the true
Tyrannula caniceps of Swainson than any other bird I have met

152 TYBATWID^.

with. It belongs to the group of E. gaimardi, but is of a nearly
uniform cinereous white below, with very slight tinge of yellowish,
as portrayed in Swainson's figure. A similar skin is in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

20. Elainea ruficeps.

Elainea ruficeps, Pelz. Urn. Bras. pp. 108, 179 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 49 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294.

Above dark olive-brown ; head slightly crested, with a large
nuchal spot of dull red ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of the wing-
coverts, forming two bars, and outer margins of external secondaries
whitish : beneath dirty white, obscurely streaked with cinereous ;
belly tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts clear yellowish
white ; bill brown, paler at the base of the lower mandible ; feet
black : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2'2. Female similar,
but red nuchal spot less developed.

Hah. Guiana and Amazonia.

This species is very well marked by its dark colour and red
crest.

a-c. S ^d. ; d-f. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

c? $ ad.sk. (Whitely).

g, h. $ 2 ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

{Whitely).
i. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

21. Elainea obscura.

Muscipeta obscura, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 48 (1837).

Muscipeta guillernini, d'Orb. Voy., 6is. p. 319
Elainea rustica, Scl. P. Z *
Elainea obscura
Hein. Mus

ia, Scl, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 408 ; id, Cat. A. B. p. 218. '
ura, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 158 ; Cab. et
.„,. Hein, ii. p. 66; Scl P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 108 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 16 ; ltd. Nomencl. p. 49 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, 1879, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203 ; id. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 270.
Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr. et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (?).
Muscicapara boliviana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 458 (?).
Elainea olivacea, Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1861, p. 408 id. Cat.

A. B. p. 218.
Elainea obscura rustica, Berl. et Jlier. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885,
p. 132.

Above dark olive-brown ; head slightly crested, but with no ver-
tical spot ; wings and tail blackish brown ; tips of wing-coverts,
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of external secon-
daries dirty white : beneath cinereous, middle of belly yellowish ;
under wing-coverts greyish white ; bill brown, pale reddish at the

a.

3 ad.

sk.

b,

c. tf ad. sk.

d.

d ad

sk.

51. ELATKEA. 153

base ; feet dark horn-colour : whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3-5,
tail 3*3. Female similar.

Hub. Southern Brazil, Bolivia, and Southern Peru.

The large size and entire absence of the vertical spot distinguish
this species.

Ypanema, S.E. Brazil {Natt.). Sclater Coll.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil {Joyner).

e. 3 ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil Sclater Coll.

{Lund).

f. 5 ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Sclater Coll.

(Jlicring).

g. Ad. sk. South Brazil {Sells). Sclater Coll.
h. Jr. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

it J. Ad sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

ley),

k. Ad. sk. Bolivia. J. Gould, Esq.

1. Ad. sk. Huiro, Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

m. cJ ad. sk. Huiro, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

22. Elainea mesoleuca.

Elainea mesoleuca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 60 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 217 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 835 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 49 ; Berl. et Jlier. Zeitsckr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 132.
Muscipeta modesta, Max. Beitr. hi. p. 923(?).

Above uniform olive-green : wings and tail blackish brown ; tips
of wiug-coverts, forming two transverse bars, and outer margins of
external secondaries white ; rest of wing and tail-feathers very
narrowly margined with olive : beneath pale grey, tinged with olive-
green on the breast and flanks ; middle of belly pure white ; under
wing-coverts white tinged with yellowish ; upper mandible brown,
lower white, tipped with brown ; feet dark brown : whole length
5-2 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2"5. Female similar, but rather smaller.

Hal. S.E. Brazil.

Some specimens of E. albiceps, in which the vertical spot is absent,
come very near this species, and have caused me some difficulty.
But the examples assigned to this species are of a clearer lighter
olive-green above, although I am by no means sure that they are
anything more than females and young of E. albiceps. {Cf. v. Ber-
lepsch, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 133.)

a. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

23. Elainea arenarum.

Elainea arenarum, Salv. P. Z.S. 1863, p. 190; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y.
ix. p. 112; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Scl et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 49.

Above dark cinereous with a slight olive tinge ; head, wings, and

154 TTEANIQD^!.

tail blackish ; outer margins of wing-coverts and secondaries and
narrow tips of tail-feathers whitish : beneath, throat and breast pale
cinereous whito ; belly and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ;
bill horn-colour ; feet blackish : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2"7,
tad 2-6.

Hub. Costa Rica.

Only known from the type specimen.

a. <J ad. sk. Punta Arenas, Costa Rica (0. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

Salvin). (Type of the species.)

24. Elainea affinis.

Elainea affinis, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 477 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108 ;

Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 838 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49.
Muscicapa jocosa, Lund, MS.

Above grey ; rump yellowish ; wings blackish ; wing-coverts and
outer secondaries externally margined with greyish white ; tail
black, with a broad yellowish-white band at the base, and slight
whitish end-band : beneath, throat and breast pale cinereous ; belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow : whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-2, tail 2-8. Female similar.

Hal. S.E. Brazil.

a. 2 ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil {Lund). Sclater Coll.

b. j ad. sk. Rio das Pedras, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

52. EMPIDAGRA.

Type.

Suiriri, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 336 (1840) E. suiriri.

Euipidagra, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59 (1859) .... E. suiriri.

Empidagra comes very close to Elainea, but may be distinguished
by its stronger bill. I am only acquainted with the typical species
from Paraguay and Argentina, but there is said to be another in
Peru and Guiana.

1. Empidagra suiriri.

Suiriri ordinaria, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 111.

Muscicapa suiriri, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 487 ; id. Enc. Meth. ii.

p. 820 ; a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51.
Fluvicola suiriri, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 12.
Suiriri suiriri, <TOrb, Voy., Ois. p. 336.
Taenioptera suiriri, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 519 ; id. La-Plata Reise,

ii. p. 460.
Empidagra suiriri, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1869, p. 633, et 1879, p. 614; Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 197.
Pachyrbaniphus albescens, Gould, Zool. Voy. l Beagle] iii. p. 50,

t. xiv.
Elainea albescens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186 ; Burm. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 634

(Buenos Ayres).

Above cinereous ; wings and tail blackish ; all the wing-coverts

53. legatus. 155

and outer secondaries broadly margined externally with white;
outer webs of outer tail-feathers white ; outer edges of primaries and
narrow ends of tail-feathers cinereous : beneath white ; under wing-
coverts pale yellowish white ; bill and feet black : whole length 5*5
inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-5.

Hab. Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.

?" ^d'Jski UrugUft7- Alan Peel [C.l.

b. § ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. C. Darwin [C.].

. . , . _ (Type of Pachyrhamphus albescens, Gould.)

a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.

e,f. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Zool. Soc. Coll.

g, h. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (?). j. Gould, Esq.

2. Empidagra brevirostris.
Elainea brevirostris, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. x. Bd. i. p. 274 (1844) • id

F. P., Aves, p. 159; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 272; Cab. in Schomb.

Guiana, lii. p. 701 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295.
Empidagra brevirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59.

" Above cinereous olive ; cap darker ; wings and tail brown ;
lesser wing-coverts brown tipped with white : beneath yellowish \
throat white." (Tschudi.)

Hab. Eastern Peru and Guiana.

53. LEGATUS.

Type.

Legatus, Sol P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46 L. albicollis.

In Legatus, a form of much the same general structure as the two
preceding genera, we find a rather shorter and much wider bill.
This form ranges throughout the Neotropical Region except in the
extreme south.

1. Legatus albicollis.

Barbichon de Cayenne (£ ), Daub. Pi. Enl. 830. f. 2.
Suiriri chorreado sin roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 123.
Tyranmis albicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 89 ; id. Enc. Meth

p. 854.
Muscicapa legatus, Licht. Doubt, p. 56.
Muscicapa eitrina, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 917.
Museipeta albicollis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d'Orb. Voy.,

Ois. p. 318.
Tyranmis circumcinctus, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 50.
Tyrannula albicollis, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 12.
Ela3nea albicollis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701 ; Burm. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 473.
Legatus albicollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1860, p. 68 ; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 218 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 60 ; Later. Ami.
L. N. Y. vii. p. 472, viii. p. 177, ix. p. 112 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

156

TYEANNID.E.

1864, p. 359, 1867, pp. 148, 577, et 1879, p. 614 ; iid. Nomcncl.

p. 49 ; \ Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 ; Sato. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 ;

id. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Brit. Guiana) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108 ;

Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382 ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 88 ; Bone.

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63 ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124 ; Tacz.

P Z S. 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 273 ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S.

1883, p. 556 ; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 302.
Elaenia variegata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.
Legatus variegatus, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 366, et 1864, p. 175 ; id.

Ibis, 1859, p. 442 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.

ii. p. 60 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 123 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ;

Laivr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. pp. 328, 472, ix. p. 112 ; Cab. J. f. O.

1861, p. 245 ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 307.

Above brown ; head rather darker : superciliaries connected by a
stripe round the nape white ; more or less concealed vertical spot
sulpbur-yellow ; wings and tail blackish brown ; narrow external
edgings to the wing-coverts aud outer secondaries whitish : beneath,
throat white, bordered on each side by a narrow black mystacal
stripe ; breast flammulated with blackish ; belly and under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-S
inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hah. America, from Mexico southwards to South Brazil.

At one time I thought it possible to distinguish the Mexican form of
this species as E. variegata, but the examination of the large series
now before me has convinced me that no such separation is necessary.
Some Mexican specimens are certainly of abnormally large dimen-
sions (wing 3-7), but in other respects may be matched by examples
from more southern localities.

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. $ ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. 2 ad. sk.
h, i. Ad. ;

j. Jr. sk.
k. Ad. sk.

I, m. d ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. 6 jr- sk.
q. Ad. ; r,

s. 2 ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
v. S ad. sk.
w. 3 ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
s. Jr. sk.

Mexico.

Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).

Las Salinas, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Cahabon, Guatemala (Salvin).

CMsec, Guatemala (Salvin).

San Jos6, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce).

La Barranca, Nicoya, Costa Rica

(Arce).
Chitra, Veragua (Arce).
Veragua (Arce).
Chiriqui (Arce).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
Panama (McLeannan).

Panama (Hughes).

Paraiso Station, Panama (Hughes).

Minca, U. S. C. (Simons).

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

Bogota.

Bogota.

Salle [C.]. (Type of
L. variegatus, Scl.)
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoD.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

54. STTBLEGATTjS.

157

V.

d\

e'.
f-
9'-
h',

i.

<$ ad. sk. Camacusa,Brit. Guiana (Whitely).

d ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

(Whitehj).

Ad. sk. Cayenne.

Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace).

Ad. sk. Para ( Wallace).

Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley),

d ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

»'. Ad. sk. Brazil.

Ad. sk. Brazil.

Ad. sk. Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

54. SUBLEGATUS.

Sublegatus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 172

Type.

S. glaber.

Structure of Sublegatus glaber. (P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 172.)

This is a modified form of Legates with a nearly similar bill but
not quite so wide, and the rictus nearly smooth. The three species
are found in South America from Cayenne to Argentina.

1. Sublegatus glaber.

Muscicapa griseicollis, Licht. in Mm. Berol.

Legatus sp. inc., Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219.

Sublegatus glaber, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, pi. xiii. f>. 2 •

lid. Nomencl. p. 49; Wyatt, Ms, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia).
Empidonax atrirostris, Lawr, Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1871, p. 231 ; cf.

Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 316.

Above dark cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge ; head, wings,
and tail blackish ; slight outer margins of the wing-coverts and
external secondaries and lores whitish : beneath, throat and breast
pale cinereous white ; belly and under wing-coverts pale lemon-
yellow ; bill dark brown ; feet blackish : whole length 5-3 inches
wing 2-8, tail 2-6. Female similar.

Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.

158 TTRANNrD-ffi.

a. c? ad. sk. Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. _ (Type

of tlie species.)

b. 2 ad. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

c. $ ad. sk. Valencia ( Goering). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

d. Jr. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Jr. st. S. America. Purchased.

2. Sublegatus griseocularis.

Elainea griseocularis, Landbeck, MS.

Sublegatus griseocularis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 17 ; Tacz. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 274 ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 147.

Above cinereous ; wings and tail dark asby brown ; margins of
wing -coverts and outer secondaries wbitisb : beneath, throat and
breast pale cinereous white ; belly and under wing-coverts pale
lemon-yellow; bill born-colour; feet dark brown: wbole length
5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hub. S. Peru and Northern La Plata.

In general colour this species much resembles S. glaber, but it is
ratber more cinereous above, has a shorter and smaller bill, and is
rather smaller in dimensions.

a. cJ ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru ( Wkitely). Sclater Coll.

b. § ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. S jr.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. § jr. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll.

3. Sublegatus platyrhynchus.

Muscipeta incanescens, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 898 (1831)?
Sublegatus incanescens, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1881, p. 124 (Colombia).
Sublegatus murinus, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49 (nee Spix).
Pkyllomyias platyriiyncka, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 48, 159.
Pliyllornyias semifusca, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 10-5 (nee Scl.).

Above ashy brown, head ratber darker ; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and secondaries margined externally with whitish :
beneatb, throat and breast pale cinereous white ; belly and under
wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown : wbole
length 4-5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 23. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

Of the same general colour as the last two species, but slightly
smaller in size than S. griseocularis and of a darker colour above.
"VVbether this is really the Muscipeta incanescens, Max., seems to be
doubtful. I therefore use for it a name which has certainly been
applied to it.

a.

Ad. sk.

Babia, Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

b.

Jr. sk.

Babia, Brazil.

Salvin-G odinan Coll.

c.

Jr. sk.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

55. MYIOZETETES. 159

d. 2 ad. sk. Goiaz, Brazil (Natterer). SclaterColl. (Type of

Phyl/oniyiasplatyr/iyncha.)

e. Jr. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll.

{Wallace).

/. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). SclaterColl.

g. $ ad. sk. Minca, S. N. of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Simons). (Probably different.)

55. MYIOZETETES.

Type.

Myiozeta, Pp. Consp. Syst. Orn. p. 30 (1854).

Myiozetetes, Scl. P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 46 M. cayennensis.

This is a widely prevalent form of Ty ran nine life all through the
Neotropical Region, except in Chili and Patagonia. The species are
very difficult to discriminate satisfactorily, but I am disposed to
allow seven as really separable.

In structure Myiozetetes is a robust version of Elainea, with a
stronger beak and feet, and slightly bristled rictus.

Key to the Species.

A. With white superciliaries.

a'. Primaries margined outwardly and in-
wardly with red.
I Larger ; red on wing more prevalent 1. erythropterus, p. 159.
I Smaller ; red on wing less prevalent 2. cayennensis, p. 160.
b'. Primaries margined outwardly with red,

inwardly with fulvous 3. similis, p. 161.

c' . Primaries margined outwardly with oli-
vaceous, inwardly with fulvous 4. texensis, p. 162.

B. Without white superciliaries.
(/'. Head grey.

j Smaller ; bill shorter 5. yranadensis, p. 163.

j Larger ; bill longer 6. sulphureus, p. 164.

e'. Head dark olive like the back 7. luteiventris, p. 164.

1. Myiozetetes erythropterus.

Tyrannula erytkroptera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 56.
Myiozetetes erythropterus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 751 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 49.

Above dark olive-brown ; head black ; large and distinct super-
ciliaries white; large vertical crest orange and yellow, tipped with
black ; wings and tail blackish, external webs of basal two thirds of
primaries bright rufous ; wing-coverts like the back : beneath sulphur-
yellow ; throat white ; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ;
under surface of wings pale rufous, with the apical portion black ;
bill and feet black : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3*4.
Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

This southern form of M. cayennensis may perhaps be allowed to

160 TYKAircimffi.

stand as distinct, though I have seen specimens of the northern bird
which come very near to it. It is distinguishable by its larger size
and by the greater extent of the chestnut colour on the wing.

a. Ad. sk. Santa ¥6, Minas, Brazil (Rogers). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Myiozetetes cayennensis.

Muscicapa cayanensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 327.

Elrenea cayanensis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701.

Myiozetetes cayennensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45, et 1871, pp. 751,

752 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 219; Finsch, P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 569 ; Lawr.

Ann L. N. Y. vii. p. 295 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189, 1867, pp. 279, 577, 978, 1868, p. 628 (Vene-
zuela), et 1876, p. 16 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109 ;

Berl.et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 556, et 1885, p. 68 ; Berl. J.f. O.

1884, p. 302 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 275 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295

(Br. Guiana).
Myiozetetes guianensis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61 ; Scl.P. Z.S.

I860, p. 283, et 1871, p. 751 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 212 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279, et 1868, p. 168 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333.
Myiozetetes marginatus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 182 j id. Ann. L. N. Y.

Via. p. 8, et ix. p. 112 ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 307.
Myiozetetes rufipennis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 267 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1871, pp. 751, 752 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49.

Abovo dark olive-brown ; head black ; superciliary stripe white ;
large vertical crest orange mixed with yellow, and more or less
tipped with black ; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of greater
part of primaries and inner secondaries rufous : beneath bright yel-
low, throat white ; under wing-coverts yellow, inner webs of wing-
feathers (except the apical portion) pale rufous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-7. Female similar.

Hah. From Panama southwards through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela, and Guiana, to Lower Amazonia.

I am now convinced that it is impossible to keep M. rufipennis,
Lawr., of Venezuela, separate, as Mr. Salvin and I have done in the
' Xomenclator.' There are specimens from Ecuador which show
quite as much red on the wing. In Bogota skins of this variable
species the red is usually not so much developed.

a b. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hughes).

c. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Magdalena Valley ( Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. J ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. g. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll.
h, i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

I. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

OO. MYIOZETETES.

161

m. Ad. sk. Quito.

n. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador

(IUingworiK).

o, p. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).

q. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering).

r. Ad. sk. Trinidad.

8. 3 ad. sk. Roraiina, British Guiana

(Whitely).

t, u. $ ad. ; v. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
$ ad. sk. ( Whitely).

w. Ad. sk. Cayenne.

x. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal-

lace).

J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Myiozetetes similis.

Muscicapa similis, Spiv, Ar. Bi-as. ii. p. 18, pi. 25.

Muscipeta cayennensis, Lafr. et a" Orb. Sun. Av. i. p. 47 : d'Orb. Voy,,
Ois. p. 317.

Tyrannuia similis, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 49.

Elasnea miles, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 474.

Myiozetetes similis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 219 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 753 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 279, et 1879, p. 614 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Finsch, P. Z. 8.
1870, p. 569 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109 ; Bayard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382
(Para) ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 88 ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342
(Pernambuco).

Above dark olive-brown ; bead black ; superciliaries white, vertical
crest bright red, more or less tipped with black ; wings and tail
blackish ; wing-coverts, outer secondaries, and tail-feathers slightly
margined with ochreous white ; primaries narrowly bordered with
rufous : beneath bright yellow ; throat white ; under wing-coverts
yellow ; inner margins of primaries pale fulvous ; bill and feet
black : whole length 6*7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3. Female
similar.

Bab. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

c. cj ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

d, e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).
f. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

y, h. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Pro v. of Rio
Janeiro, S.E. Brazil ( Youds).

i. Ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas (Boyers).

j. $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

k. Ad. sk. Brazil.

/. Ad. sk. Brazil.

m. ($ ad. sk. Para (Layard).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

162 TYRANNIDJi.

4. Myiozetetes texensis.

Tyrnnnula cayennensis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico).
Tyrannus superciliosus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 118 (Guatemala)?
Muscicapa texensis, Giraud, B. of Texas, pi. 1 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1805,

p. 65.
Elronia texensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.
Elcenia mexicana, Kaup in Mus. Berol. et Hein.
Myiozetetes texensis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, 1864, p. 423,

'1871, pp. 751, 753; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; Scl. et Salo. Ibis, 1859,

p. 123; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279, 1870, p. 837, et 1879, p. 513 ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 49 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye.

N. Y. viii. p. 182, et ix. pp. 112, 201; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 64;

Cab. J.f. O. 1861, p. 245; Boucard, P.Z. S. 1878, p. 63, et 1883,

p. 447 ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569 ;

Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 186, 218, 229, iv. p. 212, y. p. 500,

et vi. pp. 374, 384, 402 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 331 ; Salv. P. Z. S.

1883, p. 423 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118.
Myiozetetes colombianus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62 ; Scl.

P. Z. S. 1860, p. 295, et 1871, p. 751 ; id.Cat. A. B. p. 219 ; Heine, J.

f. 0. 1861, p. 198 ; lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, et ix. p. 89 ; id.

'Ibis, 1862, p. 11 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, et 1867, pp. 148,

279 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569 ;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109.
Myiozetetes cayennensis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1869, p. 598.
Myiozetetes similis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 279 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 537, et 1877, p. 326 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 276; Berl. et Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 90.
Myiozetetes texensis cohunbianus, Berl. Ibis, 1884, p. 434.
Myiozetetes icterophrys, Heine, J.f. O. 1861, p. 197 ?
Myiozetetes grandis, Lawr. Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1871, p. 234 (cf. Scl.

P. Z. S. 1871, p. 753).

Similar to M. similis, but generally of smaller dimensions, and
with the back of a brighter olive-brown.

Hah. From Mexico and Central America and South America down
to Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.

I think it will be ultimately hardly possible to maintain this
species as distinct from M. similis, of which it is merely the northern
form.

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Sails [C.].

b. 2 ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godniau Coll.
<■. <$ ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico {Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d,e. Ad.sk. Acapulco, Mexico (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. S. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad.sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad.sk. CozumelL, Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll.

caneaux).

j, k. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Tactic, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Constancia). Sclater Coll.

55. MYIOZETETES.

163

p. S ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. cJ ad. sk.
t. <S ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
i>. $ ad. sk.
if. Ad. sk.
x. S ad. sk.
y, z. Ad. j a'.

2 ad. sk.
6'. c? ad. ; c'.

ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f,ff'. Ad. sk.
4'. Ad. sk.
i. d ad. sk.

.?

Ad. sk.

A;'. Ad. sk.
I', m*. Ad. sk.
re'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
/»'. Ad. sk.
(/, ?•'. Ad. sk.
s'. cJ ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.

Duefias, Guatemala (Salvia).
SanPedro, Honduras (Whitely).
Costa Kica (Endres).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Costa Rica (van Patten).
San Jos6, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Castillo, Veragua (Arce).
Chitra, Veragua (Arce).
Veragua (Arce).

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama ( Chambers).

Bogota.

Bogota.

San Estaban, Venezuela

( Goering),
La Guayra, Venezuela ( Wed-

derburn).
Trinidad.
Trinidad.

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).
Ecuador (Fraser).
Guayaquil.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxioell).
Cosnipata, Southern Peru

(Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Jardine Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
G.Barclay, Esq. [P.],
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

5. Myiozetetes granadensis.

Myiozetetes granadensis, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 11 (Panama) ; id. Ann.
L. N. Y. vii. p.473,ix. p. 112; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219; id. P. Z.S.
1871, pp. 751, 754 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, 1867, p. 279,
et 1869, p. 598 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 307 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20 ; id, Om. Per. ii. p. 276 ; Berl. et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 556.

Above olive-green ; head greyish, front whitish ; sides of head
black ; head slightly crested, crest-feathers bright red, tipped with
grey ; wings and tail blackish, with slight yellowish margins :
beneath bright yellow; throat white ; under wing-coverts pale yellow;
bill and feet black : whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2-9.
Female similar : but vertical spot less apparent.

Bab. Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).

b. Ad. sk. Bluefields River ( Wickham).

c. Ad. sk. Chiriqui, Veragua (Arce).

d. 2 ad. sk. Pauama (McLeannan).

e. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).

f. d ad. sk, San Pablo St., Panama (Salvin).

g. Ad. sk. Bogota.

h. Ad. sk. Peru ( Wliitehj).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
m2

164 TYRANNID.E.

G. Myiozetetes sulphur eus.

Muscicapa sulphurea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 16, pi. 20.

Tyrannula peruviana, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 56.

Myiozetetes sulphureus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 61 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 220; id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 754; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 109 ; Scl. et Sal p. Nomencl. p. 49 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 279 ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 277 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Tyrannus luggeri, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. i. p. 481 (cf. Scl. P. Z. S.

1880, p. 28).

Above olive-green ; head grey, with a concealed yellow vertical
crest; sides of head blackish; wings and tail blackish brown,
sligbtly margined with rufous : beneath bright yellow ; throat and
neck white, obsoletely striated with cinereous ; under wing-coverts
pale yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 7'5 inches, wing 4-2,
tail 3*1. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana and Upper Amazonia.

Nearly allied to M. granadensis, but distinguished by its larger
size, longer bill, and yellow crest.

a. S ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Bartlett).

b. (J ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sal vin-Godman Coll.
e,f. tf 2 aa- 5 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

ff. Ad. sk. ( Whitety).

h. Ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

7. Myiozetetes luteiventris.

Elamea luteiventris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71, et 1859, p. 46.
Myiozetetes luteiventris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871,

pp. 751, 754 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109 ; Scl. et Salp. Nomencl.

p. 49 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 278.

Above nearly uniform dark brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge
and lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and secondaries ; con-
cealed vertical crest orange : beneath yellow, slightly flammulated
with olivaceous on the breast ; throat white ; under wing-coverts
pale yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3,
tail 2-5.

Bab. Guiana and Amazonia.

Immediately distinguishable from the two preceding by its small
size and dark head.

a. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bio Napo. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckle)/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

56. RHYNCHOCYCLUS. 165

56. RHYNCHOCYCLUS.

Type.

Cyclorhynchus, Sund. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 83

(1836) R. olivaceus.

Rhynchocyclus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56
(1859) R. flaviventer.

Rainphotrigon, Bp. (1854)* R. ruficauda.

In the typical species of Rlajnchocyclus, the much widened and
swollen bill is a very characteristic feature, but, as will be seen on
examination of R. Jlaviventris, this structure becomes much modified
towards the end of the series. The tarsi are rather feeble and the
wings rather short.

Rhynchocyclus inhabits the forests of the Neotropical Region
from 8. Mexico to S. Brazil and Bolivia.

Key to the Species.

A. "Wings and tail olivaceous.
a. Bill much widened at base.

a'. Breast olive.

Bill longer 1. olivaceus, p. 165.

Bill intermediate 2. aquinoctialis, p. 166.

Bill shorter 3. brevirostris, p. 166.

b'. Breast fulvous 4. fulvipectus, p. 167.

/;. Bill moderately wide.
c'. Breast yellowish.

I Head lighter 5. sulphurescens , p. 168.

I Head darker 6. peruvianas, p. 169.

d'. Breast ashy 7. cinereiceps, p. 169.

c. Bill more constricted.
e'. Cap cinereous.

j Throat greyish 8. megacephalm, p. 170.

I Throat olivaceous 9. poliocephalus, p. 171.

f . Cap olive like back.

j Belly yellow 10. viridiceps, p. 171.

j Belly orange-yellow 11. Jlaviventris, p. 171.

B. "Wings and tail rufous 12. rufcauda, p. 172.

1. Rhynchocyclus olivaceus.

Platvrhynchus olivaceus, Temm. PI. Col. 12. fig. 1 ; Max. Beitr. hi.

p. "969.
Todus olivaceus, Licht. Doitbl. p. 51.
Cyclorhynchus olivaceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 248 ; Bum.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 503.
Rhvnchocvclus olivaceus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5G ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 220; Teh. Orn. Bras. p. 109; Scl. et Salt: Nomencl.

p. 49.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail dark brown ; wing-coverts
margined with fulvous ; wing- and tail-feathers narrowly edged
with olive-green : beneath cinereous olive ; middle of belly and under

* Cf. Gray, Handl. i. p. 354.

166 TTKANNlDiE.

wing-coverts pale yellowish ; bill above born-colour, below whitish;
feet brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-8. Female
similar.

Hob. South-eastern Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

b. c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

d, Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

e. Ad. st. Brazil. Sudbury Mus.

2. Rhynchocyclus sequinoctialis.

Cyclorhynchus sequinoctialis, Scl, P. Z. S. 1S58, p. 70.
Rhynchocyclus sequinoctialis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5G ;

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220; id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359; Sol. et Salv.

Nomencl, p. 49.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail dark brown, edged with olive-
green, which is rather brighter on the coverts and secondaries :
beneath cinereous-olive, more greyish on the throat ; middle of belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur- yellow ; upper mandible dark
horn-colour, lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 6 inches,
wing 2-8, tail 2-3. Female similar.

Hab. Ecuador and Western Colombia, north to Panama.

Nearly allied to R. olivaceus, but apparently without the fulvous
colour on the upper wing-coverts, brighter on the belly, and with a
much shorter tail. In the form of the bill it comes nearer to R.
olivaceus than to the northern R. brevirostris, but is intermediate
between the two.

a, b. c? 5 ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McLeannari).

c. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannari). Tweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(j. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
h. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased.

3. Rhynchocyclus brevirostris.

Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249 ; Scl.

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis,

1860, p. 399.
Rhynchocyclus brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 220 ; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Salv. P. Z. S.

1807, p. 148, et 1870, p. 197 (Veragua).
Rhynchocyclus mesorhynchus, Cab. J.f. O. 1865, p. 414 (Guate-
mala).
Rhynchocyclus griseimentalis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 112

(Costa Rica) ; Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 315 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,

p. 307.

Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish brown, mar-
gined with olive-green : beneath paler ; throat tinged with greyish,

56. RHYNCHOCTCLUS. 167

middle of belly yellow ; under wing-coverts creamy white ; upper
mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole
length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female similar.

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui.

Northern specimens of this form are very easily distinguishable
by the short beak ; but this feature becomes less apparent as we
go southwards, and at Panama the species gradually merges into
R. cequinoctialis.

a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Salle" [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.

d. S ad. sk. Ckoctuni, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e-ff. Ad. sk. Chocturu, Guatemala (Salvin # Salvin-Godman Coll.

Godman),
h. S ad. sk. La Trinidad, Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvin).
i. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

(Rogers),

j. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Endres). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m, n. cJad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

p. J ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. 5 ad. sk. Southern slope of the Vole, of Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chiriqui (Arce).

r. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll.

4. Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus. (Plate XIII.)

Cyclorhynchus fulvipectus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92.

Rhvnchocvclus fulvipectus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Scl. et Salt.
Nomencl. p. 49 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 513 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p 537, et 1882, p. 20 ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 279 ; Tacz. et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 90, 116.

Above olive-green ; head darker and tinged with fulvous ; wings
blackish brown, margined with fulvous; tail brown, with slight
olivaceous margins : beneath, throat and breast fulvous ; middle of
belly yellow ; flanks more olivaceous ; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; upper mandible dark horn-colour ; lower whitish ; feet dark
brown : whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-4. Female similar.

Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.

This species is of nearly the same form and sizo as B. olivaceus
and its allies, but is readily known by its fulvous throat and brown
tail.

a. Ad. sk. Nanegal (Fraser). Sclater Coll. _ (Type

of the species.)
icAd.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

e. $ ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

168

TTRANNIDiE.

/. Ad. sk.

Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. 0.

(Salmon).
Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk.

Salvin-Godman Coll

5. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens.

Platyrkynchus sulphurescens, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 10, pi. 12. f. 1.

Platyrhynchus nuchalis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 971.

Cyclorhynchus sulphurescens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249 ;

Scl. Ibis, 1859, p. 444.
Cyclorliyuchus nuchalis, Burm. Syst. JJeb. ii. p. 503.
Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 56

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 578, 751,

1868, p. 168, et 1873, p. 279 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Lawr. Ann. L.

N. Y. ix. pp. 112, 146 ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 307 ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 109 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88 ; Botw. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63 ;

White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 280; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 302; Salv. P.Z.S. 1885,

p. 295 (Brit. Guiana).
Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870,

p. 198 (Veragua).
Rhynchocyclus niarginatus, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1868, p. 429

(Panama).
Rhyuchocyclus assiuiilis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110.

Above olive-green ; head washed "with cinereous ; lores and line
round the eye whitish ; wings blackish brown, margined with
yellowish olive ; tail dark brown, slightly edged with olive-green :
beneath pale sulphur-yellow, tinged with olivaceous ; throat more
greyish ; middle of the belly rather brighter ; under wing-coverts
pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible dark horn-colour, lower
whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6,
tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hah. America, from Veragua southwards to South-east Brazil.

This wide-ranging species varies much in different localities, but
after examining a large series, I see no sufficient grounds for
dividing it up.

a. Ad. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll.

(Bund).

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

e. Ad. sk. Rio Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

/, g. § ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whit eli/).
h, i. cJ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
j. <$ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
k. (^ ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
1. $ ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

56. RHYNCHOCYCLUS. 169

?n, n. 2 ad. sk. Carimang river, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

o,p. c? 5 ad. sk. Borainia, Br. Guiana ( WMtetyy. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.

r. Ad. sk. Cbamicuros, East Peru (Haux- Sclater Coll.

well),

s. Ad. sk. Cbamicuros, East Peru {Bart- Sclater Coll.

lett).

t. $ ad. sk. Ckyavetas, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Bartlett).

u. cJ ad. sk. Xeberos, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Bartlett).

v. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll.

w, x. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

y. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.

worth).

z. J ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Goering).

a', c? ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

V. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c'. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

e'. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.

fjff'- 6 2 ad. sk. San Pablo St., Panama (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h', i'. <3 2 a(^- s^- Santa F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j'. c? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Rhynchocyclus peruvianus.

Rbynckoeyelus sulpburescens, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326.
Rliyncbocyclus peruvianus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882,

p. 20; id. Orn.Per. ii.p. 281.
Bhynchocyelus peruvianus sequatorialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 556, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador).

Similar to R. sulphur escens, but larger in size, "with the head
darker cinereous ; brighter on the belly, and with a blackish
auricular spot : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-6.

Hah. Peru and Ecuador.

So far as I can tell from examination of the two specimens before
me, this species is entitled to remain distinct.

a,b. $ 2 ad. sk. Iluambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

7. Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps.

Cyclorkynchus cinereiceps, Scl. If/is, 1859, p. 443 ; id. P. Z. S. 1859,

p. 384 ; Scl et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399.
Bbvncbocyclus cinereiceps, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220 ; Laior. Ann. L.

N. Y. ix. p. 201 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864,

p. 359, et 1870, p. 837 ; Nehrkorn, J. f. 0. 1879, p. 356; Bouc.

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 447; Nutting, P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 395.
Bbvncbocyclus flavo-olivaceus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 8

(Panama) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359 (Panama).

Above olive-green ; head cinereous ; lores whitish ; wing blackish,

170

TYKANNID^;.

margined -with yellowish olive ; tail dark cinereous, with slight
olivaceous edgings : beneath, breast and throat pale ashy, the latter
with a slight olivaceous tinge : middle of belly and under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; flanks olivaceous ; upper mandible
dark horn-colour ; lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length
5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-4. Female similar.

Hab. Central America from Mexico to Panama.

This northern form of R. sulplmrescens is recognizable by its grey
head and pale cinereous throat and breast. Mr. Lawrence's type
of R. fiavo-olivaceus seems to come nearest to R. cinereicejjs.

a. Ad. st.

b. Ad.sk.

c. d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. c? ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

j. Ad. sk.
'k. J ad. sk.

I. Ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk.

n. 2 ad. sk.
o,p. rf 2 ad- sk.

Mexico.

Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard).

Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).
Yucatan (Boucard).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin).
Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser).
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Volcan de Agua, above San

Diego (Salvin).
San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely).
Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-

miol).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Panama (McLeannan).

Purchased.

Sclater Coll. _ (Type

of the species.)
Salviu-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Goduian Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Rhynchocyclus megacephalus.

Tyrannula megacephala, Sw. Om. Dr. pi. 47.

Rhynchocyclus megacephalus, Cab. et Hein
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 221 ; Pelz. Om. Bras. _
Nomencl. p. 49 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 283 (Para)

Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56 ;
p. 110; Scl. et Salv.

Above olive-green ; head cinereous ; lores whitish ; wings and
tail blackish ; wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellowish ;
wing- and tail-feathers slightly edged with olivaceous : beneath, throat
cinereous ; breast and flanks washed with olive ; middle of belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill dark plumbeous,
paler at the base of the lower mandible ; feet dark brown : whole
length 4-4 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2. Female similar.

Hab. Lower Amazonia, Cayenno and Guiana.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.

e,f. S2 ad. sk.

g. Ad. sk.

Brazil (Jamrach).

Para ( Wallace).

Demerara.

Merunie Mts., Brit. Guiana

(Wiitelg).
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
S. America.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

56. RHYNCHOCYCLTJS. 171

9. Khynchocyclus poliocephalus.

Rhvnchocyclus poliocephalus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110 ; Tacz. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 285.
Khynchocyclus megacephalus, Scl et Salv. P.Z.S. 1866, p. 189

(Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru), 1867, p. 978 (Pebas), 1873,

p. 125 (S. Peru) et p. 280 (E. Peru) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20;

id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 283.

Above olive-green ; head cinereous ; lores whitish ; wings and
tail blackish ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with
yellowish ; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly edged with
olivaceous : beneath pale yellowish, tinged with olive, brighter on
the middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts yellowish white ; bill
plumbeous ; base of the lower mandible whitish ; feet dark brown :
whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*2, tail 1*8. Female similar.

Hab. Peru.

This species seems to differ from B. megacepTialus, with which it
was, until recently, united, in the nearly uniform yellowish colouring
of the body below, which extends over the throat and breast. The
bill is also rather wider than in B. megacephalus.

a. Ad. sli. Pebas, Peru (Hau.vtceU). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Juv. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hau.vwett). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.'J.

/. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. $ ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

10. Rhynchocyclus viridiceps.

Rhynchocyclus viridiceps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280 ; iid.
Nomencl. p. 49 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 282.

Above uniform olive-green, including the head ; lores whitish ;
wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries mar-
gined externally with yellowish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers
narrowly edged with olivaceous: beneath yellowish olive; middle
of belly sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill dark
plumbeous, whitish at the base of the lower mandible ; feet brown :
whole length 4"6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1#7.

Hab. E. Peru.

This small species is distinguished from the two preceding by the
want of any tinge of cinereous on the cap. The bill is rather
broader than in B. megacephalus.

a. Ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxicell). Sclater Coll. (Type of

the species.)

11. Rhynchocyclus flaviventris.

Muscipeta flaviventris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 929.

Cyclorhynchus flaviventer, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1874, i. p. 249; id. in
Sclmnb. Guian. iii. p. 700 ; Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444.

172

TYKANNlDyE.

Rhynchocvclus flaviventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Scl.
Cat. A.'B. p. 221 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 110; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 49; Salv.et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124; Salv. Ilns, 1885, p. 295
(Br. Guiana).

Above bright yellowish olive : wings blackish margined with
yellowish ; tail blackish, slightly edged with olive : beneath dull
sulphur-yellow, brighter on the middle of the belly ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill blackish, lower mandible whitish : feet pale
brown : whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2*4, tail 2-0. Female
similar.

Hah. Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Witcherer).

c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

d, e. Ad. sk. Brazil.

f. Ad. sk. Guiana.

g. Ad. sk. Guiana (Brown),
h. Ad. sk. Trinidad.

i. 2 ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela

(Goering).

j. Ad. sk. Bogota.

k. Ad. sk. Bogota.

I. 2 ad. sk. Arihuica, U. S. C. (Simons).

m. cJad.sk. Santa Marta, U. S. 0. (Simons).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

12. Rhynckocyclus ruficauda.

Platyrhynchus ruficauda, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pi. 11. f. 2.
Cyclorhynchus ruficauda, Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 444.
Rhynchocyclus ruficauda, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 221 ; Peh. Orn. Bras.

p. 110 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578, et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 284 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885,

p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Raniphotrigon ruficauda, Gray, Iland-l. i. p. 354.

Above olive-green ; wings blackish, broad tips of the wing-
coverts and broad outer margins of primaries and secondaries
bright rufous, whole of tail and upper tail-coverts bright rufous :
below paler olive-green, throat greyish, breast flammulated with
yellow, middle of belly pale yellow, crissum rufous ; under wing-
coverts yellowish, inner margins of wing-feathers pale rufous ; bill
plumbeous, base of lower mandible whitish ; feet pale brown :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 29.

Hah. Amazonia and Guiana.

a. 5 ad. sk.

b, c. J 2 ad. sk.

d. 5 ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.

Chamicuros, Peruvian Ama-
zons (Hau.ricell).

Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons
(Bartlett).

Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons

Para ( Wallace).

Cayenne.

Deinerara.

J. Gould, Esq.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

E. Bartlett [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

57. conopias. 173

h, i. 3 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Whitely).

j. />•. c? 2 ad. sk. Camaeusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Wliitely).
l,7ii. cJ J ad sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
n. 3 ad. sk. Merumo" Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitdy).

57. CONOPIAS.

Type
Conopias, Cab. et Heine, Mm. Hein. ii. p. 62 (1859) . . C. triviro-ata.
Myiacleptes, Beichenb. Av. Si/st. Nat. t. lxvii. (1850) C. trivirgata*.
Cephalanius, Bp. (1854) C. trivirgataf!

In Conopias the beak is elongated and compressed, otherwise the
structure is not very different from Elainea, but there is no red or
yellow head-spot.

The three species are found in the forests of the northern parts
of South America.

Key to the Species.

A. Superciliary stripe white.

I Throat yellow like the belly 1. trivirgata, p. 173.

| Throat white , 2. inornate, p. 174

B. Superciliary stripe yellow 3. cinchoneti, p. 174.

1. Conopias trivirgata.

Muscicapa trivirgata, Max. Beiti: iii. p. 871 (1831).

Conopias trivirgata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 755; Scl. et Salv. Nomenel

p. 50 ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 310.
Tyrannula superciliosa, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 46 (1841) ; Burin Si/st.

Ueb. ii. p. 475.
Conopias superciliosus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p 62 (note'l •

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 221 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 111. ''

JUuscicapa pitangula, Licht. in Mas. Berol.

Above olive-green ; head black ; long superciliary stripe white ;
wings and tail brownish black : beneath yellow, with an olivaceous
tinge on the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ;
bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6'.
Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll

b, c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
(I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

€. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

* Cf. Gray, Cat. of Gen. B. p. 49 (1855).
I Cf. Gray, Ifand-1. i. p. 359.

174 TTRANNID^I.

2. Conopias inornata.

Myiozetetes inornatus, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 268 ; Finsch,

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569.
Conopias inomata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 756 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 50 ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 316.

Liko C. inornata, but distinguished by its larger size, wbito
throat, and brown back.

Hab. Venezuela and Trinidad.

3. Conopias cinchoneti.

Tyrannus cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 151, pi. viii. fig. 2.
Conopias cinchoneti, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 756 ; Scl et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 50; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 285; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,

p. 91 (Ecuador).

Above olive-green ; cap and sides of head like the back ; front,
supcrciliaries, and stripe round the nape yellow ; wings and tail
brownish black : beneath yellow ; sides of breast olivaceous ; bill
and feet black : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3'0, tail 2'Q.

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

lleadily distinguishable from the two preceding by its yellow
supcrciliaries.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bos-ota. Sclater Coll.

58. PITANGUS.

Type.

Pitangus, Siv. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 165 (1827) P. sulphuratus.

Sauropkagus, Siv. Fauna Bon-Am., Aves, p. 484 (1831) P. sulphuratus.
Apolites, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Ilandl. 1835, p. 81 (1836) P. sulphuratus.

This is one of the largest and strongest forms among the
Tyrannidce. Pitangus sulphuratus has a long compressed beak
with a formidable terminal hook, moderately long wings, and robust
feet. Some of the other species have their features considerably
modified.

Key to the Species.

A. Under surface yellow.

a. Larger : wing about 4*5.

a'. Wings margined with rufous.

I Whole outer webs of primaries rufous. . 1. derbianus, p. 175.

) Margins of outer webs only rufous .... 2. sulphuratus, p. 176.
b'. Wings margined with brown 3. bolivianus, p. 177.

b. Smaller : wing about 3.

c. Wing-margins and inner webs of pri-
maries rufous 4. Victor, p. 178.

d'. Wing-margins and inner webs of prima-
ries whitish or yellowish.

I

58. PITANGTJS. 175

Bill stronger : throat white 5. parvus, p. 179.

Bill weaker : throat yellow 6. albovittatus, p. 179.

B. Under surface white.

c. Tail-end white.

I Flanks white 7. caudifasciatus,~p.l70.

| Flanks yellowish 8. bahamensis, p. 180.

d. Tail-end brown.

1 Back blackish 9. taylori, p. 180.

\ Back rufous , 10. gabbi, p. 180.

1. Pitangus derbianus.

Tyrannus sulphuratus, Siv. Phil, Mag. 1827, i. p. 368 (Mexico).
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Gambel, Journ. Acad. Philad. ser. 2, i. p. 39.
Saurophagus derbianus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44 ; Cab. et Hein.

Miis. Hein. ii. p. 62.
Pitangus derbianus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, et 1859, pp. 45, 56,

366 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 321 ; id. P. Z. S.

1864, p. 176 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120 ; iid, P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 837; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Laicr. Ann. L. N, Y. ix. p. 114;

Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 63 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 ; Salv. et

Godm.Ibis, 1879, p. 201; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 185, 218,

vi. pp. 374, 384; id. Man, N. A. B. p. 331 ; Nutting, P. U. S. N.

M. v. p. 394; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 448.
Saurophagus rufipennis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 471 (Caraccas) ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 63.
Pitangus ruiipennis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86

(Trinidad) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela) ; Wyatt,

Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia).
Pitangus derbianus rufipennis, Berl. Ibis, 1884, p. 434 (Orinoco).
Saurophagus guatimalensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 462.

Above brown ; head black, front large ; superciliaries and line
round the nape white ; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black ;
wings and tail brown, margined with bright rufous, the rufous
occupying the whole of the outer webs of the primaries and forming
a conspicuous patch : beneath sulphur-yellow ; throat white ; inner
margins of wing- and tail-feathers rufous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3-5. Female similar.

Hah. Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, also Colombia,
Venezuela, and Trinidad.

The southern specimens have the red on the wings still more
developed, and may be regarded as constituting a subspecies, P.
derbianus rujipennis.

a. Subsp. tgpica.

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.

b. 2 a(h sk. Mazatlan, W.Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Bis- Salvin-Godman Coll.

choff).

d. Ad. sk. Acapulco, Mexico (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e-g. $ ad. sk. Tonala (Chiapas), Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Sumichrast).
h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Ganmer). Salvin-Godman Coll,

176 TYRANNID.E.

i-k. Ad.sk. Mugeres I. , Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. J ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. ?k. Cozume) I., Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll.

caneaux).

o. 2 a(i- sk. Belize, Honduras (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

q. cJad.sk. Betaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. Ad. sk. Buehas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. Ad. sk. S. Geronimxf (/Sa/mi). Sclater Coll.

b. Subsp. rufipennis.

a. 2 a<l- sk- Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Valle Bupar, Santa Marta, U. S. Salvin-Godman Coll.

C. (Simons).

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d. S ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,/. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll.

2. Pitangus sulphuratus.

Lanius sulphuratus, Linn. S. AT. i. p. 137 (Cayenne).
Tyrannus sulphuratus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. p. 77, pi. 47.
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225; Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 698; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Lafr. Rev. Zool.

1851, p. 476; Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 451.
" Megarhvnchus sulphuratus, Thnnb.,'"' Hein. Journ. f. Orn. 1859,

p. 340/
Pitangus sulphuratus, Grarj,List Gen. B. p. 41 (1841); Sclater, P. Z. S.

1859, p. 45 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 222 ; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,

p. 189, 1867, pp. 578, 751, 978, et 1873, p. 280 ; iid. Komencl. p. 50 ;

Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304; Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. Ill; id. Ibis,

1873, p. 114 ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 261 ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342 ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 286 ; Salv. Ibis,

1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana).
Corvus leucogaster, Bodd. ex PI. Enl. 296 (jr.).
Corvus flavus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 373 (jr.).
Tyrannus magnanimus, Vieill, Enc. Mcth. p. 850.
Muscicapa pitangua, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 838.
Saurophagus maximiliani, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 63.
Pitangus maximiliani, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 222 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. Ill; Berl. J.f. O. 1873, p. 260.

Above brown ; bead black ; front, superciliaries, and line round
the nape white ; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black ;
wings and tail brown with rufous margins : beneath sulphur-yellow ;
throat white ; under wing-coverts yellow, inner margins of wing-and
tail-feathers pale rufous ; bill and feet black : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-3, tail 3-3. Female similar, but yellow crest perhaps not
so well developed.

Hub. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.

This bird is intermediate between the northern P. derbianns and

58. PITANGUS.

177

the southern P. bolivianus. It has more red on the wings and tail
than the latter, and not so much as the former. The Brazilian form
comes rather nearer to P. holivianus than the typical form from
Guiana, and may he treated as a subspecies.

a. Subsp. typica.

a. Ad. sk. Georgetown, Brit. Guiana

{Brotori).

b, c. ad. sk. British Guiana.

d. $ ad. ; e,f. 2 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

ad.sk. {Whit el )/).

5-.Ad.sk. Para {Wallace).

h. Ad. sk. Island of Mexiaua, Lower

Amazons {Wallace).

i,j. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley),

k. 2 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru {Hau.vwell).

b. Subsp. maximiliani.

a. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil {Jesse).

b. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil {Jesse).

c. d. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes).
e-y. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wuc/ierer).

h. cj ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil {Natterer).

i. 2 ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy-

ner).
j. Ad.sk. Novo Fribourgo, Bio ( Youds).

k. 2 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joyner).
I, in. Ad. sk. Brazil.

n. Ad. sk. Brazd.

Sclater Coll.

R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

M. Claussen [P.].

3. Pitangus holivianus.

Tyrannus sulphuratus, cVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 304.
Saurophagus bolivianus, Lafr. Rev. Zuol. 1852, p. 463.
Saurophagus bellicosus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64.
Pitangus bellicosus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 2±2; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. Ill;

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl. p. 50 ;

Bed. J. f. O. 1873, p. 260 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 ; Gibson,

Ibis, 1880, p. 24, et 1885, p. 280 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 ;

Barroios, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 200 (Entrerios).
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Burnt. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 452.
Pitangus bolivianus, Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1885, p.* 134

(Rio Grande do Sul) ; Scl. et Huds. Art/. Orn. i. p. 147.

Above brown ; head black ; front, suporciliaries, and line round
the nape white ; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black ; wiugs
and tail brown, with slight fuscous or rufous margins : beneath
sulphur-yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts yellow; inner
margins of wing-feathers pale rufous ; bill and feet black : whole
length 8-5 inches, wing -i-5, tail 3-7. Female similar, but crest
less developed.

Hub. Bolivia, Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and South Brazil.

VOL. XIV. BT

178

TTRANNID^.

It is very difficult to separate some Argentine skins from P. sul-
phuratms maccimiliani of S.E. Brazil. In Bolivian examples there
are absolutely no rufous margins to the wing- and tail-feathers.

a, b. Ad. sk. Uruguay.

c. rf ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep.

{White).

d. cJ ad. sk. Couchitas, Buenos Ayres

(Hudson).

e. J ad. sk. Couchitas, Buenos Ayres

(Hudson).

f. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust).

g. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres.
/(. Jr. sk. Buenos Ayres.
i. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres.
/. Ad. sk. Bolivia.
k. Ad. sk. Bolivia.

Alan Peel [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
H. Durnford [CI.
H. Burnford [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].

4. Pitangus lictor.

Lanius lictor, Licht. Doubl. p. 49.

Saurophagus lictor, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 246, pi. 62 ; Cab. in

Sc/iomb. Guian. iii. p. 698 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Kaup, P. Z. S.

1851, p. 44 ; Bnrm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 462 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

He in. ii. p. 62.
Pitangus lictor, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama) ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 221 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359 (Panama),

et 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Salv. Ibis,

1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana).
Megarkynchus navus, Thvnb., Hein. Joum.f. Orn. 1859, p. 341.
Muscicapa cayennensis, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 846.
Saurophagus pusillus, Szv. An. in Menag. p. 284.

Above olive-brown : head black ; front, superciliaries, and stripe
rouud the nape white ; crest yellow, tipped with black ; wings aud
tail blackish brown, slightly margined with rufous : beneath
yellow ; throat white ; under wing-coverts yellow ; inner margins
of wing-feathers pale rufous ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-5
inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-8. Female similar.

Hah. Brazil, Amazonia, Guiana, Colombia, and Panama.

a. c? ad. sk. Matogrosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c.Ad.sk. Para(W/«/^ce). Sclater Coll.

d. 5 ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama- Salvin-Godman Coll.

zons (Wallace).

e. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

f. Ad. sk. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc.

y. cJ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. ' Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

;". Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman CoU.

/. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

58. PITANGTTS. 179

5. Pitangus parvus.

Pitangus parvus, Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. Ill, 181 (1871) ; Salv. Cat.
Strickl. Coll. p. 310; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 290 (Br. Guiana).

Above dark olive, slightly mottled with blackish ; head black ;
front, supcrciliaries, and stripe round the nape white ; vertical crest
yellow, tipped with black ; wings and tail blackish brown, with
slight whitish edgings : beneath bright yellow ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2-7. Female similar.

Hab. Interior of Brazil, Lower Amazonia, and Guiana.

At once distinguishable from P. Victor by its wider bill, square
tail, and yellow throat.

a, b. <$ ad. ; c. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. ( Whitehj).

d. 2 ad- sk. Merume- Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( WMtely).
e,f. <$ $ ad. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godnian Coll.

sk. ( Whitehj).

q. $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

(WMtely).
h. 5 ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitehj).
i. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

G. Pitangus albovittatus.
Pitangus albovittatus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 11.

Nearly allied to P. parvus, but bill smaller, throat white, and
back more olivaceous : whole length 5*8 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2*7.

Hab. Panama.

Mr. Lawrence has kindly sent me the type of this species for
examination. It appears to be quite distinct.

7. Pitangus caudifasciatus.

Tyrannus caudifasciatus, d?Orb. in La Sagra's Cub., Ois. p. 70, pi. 12 ;

Gosse, B. Jam. p. 177 ; id. III. B. Jam. pi. 44 ; Cab. Journ. f. Orn.

1855, p. 478 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80 ; Gundl. J. f. O.

1861, p. 328, et 1872, p. 424 (Cuba) ; Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc.

JV. H. vii. p. 307 (Cuba).
Pitangus caudifasciatus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 76 (Jamaica) ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 222 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 50.

Above grey ; cap black, with a concealed yellow vertical crest ;
wings blackish, wing-coverts and secondaries margined with white ;
tail blackish, with a broad basal band occupying only the inner
webs white tinged with yellowish, and a slight apical band whitish :
beneath white ; under wing-coverts and crissum tinged with yellow ;
bill and feet black : wholo length 7#5 inches, wing 4, tail 3*3.
Female similar.

Hab. Cuba and Jamaica.

n2

180 YBANTTCD.2B.

«. Ad. si. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. S ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c.Ad.sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll.

d. (J ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin Sf Salvin-Godman Coll.

Godmati).

f. cJ ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Exors. of Dr. Bryant

[P.].

g. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Grand Cayman I. (Richardson). Sclater Coll.

8. Pitangus bahamensis.

Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Bryant, Br. Bost. S. N. H. vii. p. 108, xi.

p. 66 (Bahamas).
Pitangus bahamensis, Bryant, op. cit. vs.. p. 279 (1864) ; Cory, B. of

Baham. p. 102 ; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 381.

Similar to P. caudifasciatus, but under wing-coverts, flanks, and
crissum pale lemon-yellow.
Hob. Bahama Islands.

a. J ad. sk. Nassau, New Providence, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bahamas (Cory).

9. Pitangus taylori.

Pitangus taylori, Scl. Ibis, 1864, p. 169 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50.
Tyrannus taylori, Sund. CEfv. Vet.-Akad. Fbrh. 1862, p. 598 ; Gundl.
J.f. 0. 1878, p. 171; id. An. Soc. Esp. H. N. vii. p. 193.

Above dark brownish cinereous ; cap black, with a concealed
vertical crest of yellow and white ; wings blackish, margined with
rufous ; outer secondaries bordered externally with whitish ; tail
blackish, outer feathers slightly margined externally with whitish :
beneath white ; bill and feet black : whole length 8-5 inches,
wing 4-2, tail 3*5. Female similar.

Hab. Porto Rico.

Closely allied to P. caudifasciatus, but distinguished by the ab-
sence of the caudal band and the darker colour above.

a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico ( Taylor). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.].

10. Pitangus gabbi.

Pitangus gabbii, Lawr. Ann. JDi/c. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi. p. 288
(1876) ; Cory, Bull. Nutt. Om. 'Club, vi. p. 153 (1881) ; id. B. of
Haiti and S. Domingo, p. 76 (1885).

Similar to P. taylori, but smaller; back "warm hair-brown in-

59. SIETSTES. 181

stead of dusky greyish brown," and wings and tail edged with
ferruginous.

Hob. St. Domingo.

59. SIRYSTES.

Sirystes, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 75 (1859) S. sibilator.

Key to the Species.

A. Rump cinereous like the back 1. sibilator, p. 181.

B. Rump white :

I edgings of wing-coverts narrow,

{ greyish 2. albocinereus, p. 181.

( edgings of wing-coverts broad, white 3. albogriseus, p. 182.

1. Sirystes sibilator.

Pitador, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 135.

Muscicapa sibilator, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 457 ; id. Enc Metli

p. 831.
Muscicapa sibilans, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.
Tyrannula sibilans, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13.
Myiarchus sibilans, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 472.
Sirystes sibilator, Cab. et Hein. Mm, Hein. ii. p. 75 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 222; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. Ill; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50;

Cab.J.f. 0. 1874, p. 89; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Om. 1885,

p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Above pale cinereous, lighter on the rump and with slight blackish
striations on the back ; cap black ; wings black ; wing-coverts and
outer secondaries broadly edged with cinereous white ; tail black .-
beneath pale cinereous ; middle of belly, under wing-coverts, and
inner margins of primaries whitish ; bill and feet black : whole
length 7"5 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*4. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

a, b.S $ad. sk. Pelotas, Kio Grande do Sid, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).

c. S ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy ner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

f. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Sirystes albocinereus. (Plate XIV.)

Tyrannus sp. inc., Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189.

Sirystes albogriseus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280 ; Tacz. Om.

Per. ii. p. 287.
Sirystes albocinereus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156.

Above cinereous ; rump pure white ; cap black ; wings black ;
wing-coverts slightly edged with cinereous, outer secondaries mar-
gined with white ; tail and upper tail-coverts black : beneath white ;
throat and breast tinged with cinereous ; under wing-coverts white ;

182 TTRANNIDiE.

inner margins of wing-feathers grey ; bill and feet black : whole
length 7 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3*1.

Hub. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

«. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [P.].

d. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

e 2 ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

( Whitely).

3. Sirystes albogriseus.

Lipaugus albogriseus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 9.
Sirystes albogriseus, Scl. el Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156.

Above pale cinereous ; rump white ; cap black ; wings black ;
wing-coverts and secondaries broadly margined with white ; tail
black, with a whitish apical band : beneath white, slightly tinged with
cinereous ; crissum and under wing-coverts white ; bill dark brown ;
feet black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-6.

Hab. Veragua and Panama.

Distinguishable from S. sibilator by its white rump, and from

5. albocinereus by the broad white margins on the wings.

a. Ad. sk. Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salviu-Godman Coll.

60. MYIODYNASTES*

Type,
et

Mviodvnastes, Bp. Compt. Bend, xxxviii. p. 057, et
Notes Orn. p. 87 (1854) (cf. Scl. P. Z. S. 1859,

p. 431) M. audax.

Hypermitres, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 247 M. chrysocephalus.

Key to the Species.

A. Breast and flanks white with black shaft-

spots.

a. Middle of bellv yellow 1. luteiventris, p. 183.

b. Middle of belly white.

a". Tail red, with blackish shaft-stripes.

j Brighter: breast-spots narrow 2. nobilis, p. 183.

I Darker : breast-spots broad 3. audax, p. 185.

b'. Tail blackish, margined with red 4. solitarius, p. 185.

B. Breast and flanks yellow.

c. Upper tail-coverts bright rufous .5. bairdi, p. 186.

* Kefer also to Myiodynastes audax insolens, Riclgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 332.

60. HYIODTNASTES. 133

Upper tail-coverts uniform with back :

I breast duller, slightly rlammulated .... 6. chrysocephalus, p. 187.

j breast clear yellow, not flanimulated . . 7. hemichrysus, p. 188.

1. Myiodynastes hiteiventris.

Tyrannus audax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297 (Mexico).
Myiodynastes luteiventer, Bp. Gom.pt. Rend, xxviii. p. 659, et Not.

Orn. p. 87 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 75 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1859, pp. 43, 56, 366, 383, et 1804, p. 176 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120; iid.

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1861,

p. 250; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114; Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 21 ; Boucard, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 63, et 1883, p. 448 ; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 186,

218 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 332.

Above pale brownish white, varied by numerous blackish shaft-
spots ; head with a concealed crest of bright yellow ; wings
blackish, lesser coverts like the back, greater coverts and secondaries
broadly margined with white externally ; tail bright ferruginous
red, shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish ;
upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots : beneath pale
sulphur-yellow ; throat white ; throat, breast, and sides of belly
with numerous black shaft-spots ; bill dark brown, paler at the
base of the lower mandible ; feet dark brown : whole length
8 inches, wing 4-4, tail 3-3. Female similar.

Bab. Mexico and Central America down to Costa Rica.

The strong yellow tinge of the belly and under wing-coverts dis-
tinguishes this bird from its more southern representatives.

a, b. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.

e. <$ ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d-f. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll.

neaux).

h. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

i,j. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Saloin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Jc. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.

I. Ad. sk. Savana of Santo Toribio, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll.

mala (Salvin).

m. 2 ad.sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Janson). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. cJ ad.sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. $ ad. sk. Santa Rosa, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Myiodynastes nobilis.

Myiodynastes nobilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 42, 43, et 1860,
p. 295; id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 295,
viii. p. 177, ix. p. 114 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 ; Salv.

184

TTKANiaD^;.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 ;

Nutting, P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 391.
Myiodynastes luteiventris, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 290 ?
Myiodynastes audax, Perl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 303.
Myiodynastes audax nobilis, Ridgiv. Man. N. A. B. p. 322.

Above pale rufous, varied by numerous black shaft-spots ; head
■with a concealed crest of bright yellow ; sides of head black ;
wings blackish : coverts and primaries narrowly edged with rufous ;
outer secondaries more broadly edged with white ; tail ferrugi-
nous red : shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish ;
upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots : beneath white,
flanks and crissum washed with pale sulphur-yellow ; breast and
flanks more or less marked with narrow blackish shaft-spots ;
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill brown, base of the
lower mandible pale : feet dark brown : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4'3, tail 3-6. Female similar.

Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador.

This bird is distinguishable from M. luteiventris by the much
whiter surface below and the very narrow shaft-spots of the breast.
By the latter character it is also separable from M. audax. It is,
however, merely an intermediate form, and passes into its northern
and southern representatives at the extremities of its range.

a. $ ad. sk.
b-e. Ad. sk.

/. 2 ad- sb-
g. is ad. sk.
h. 3 ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
j. Ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.

in, n. S 2 ad.
o. 2 a(h sk-
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r-s. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.

w. 5 ad- sk-
v. j ad. sk.

%o. Ad. sk.

x. 2 ad. sk.
y. c? ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.

}>', c'. Ad. sk.
d'. Jr. sk.

Costa Eica.

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Bica

(Arce).
Santa Fe, Veragua {Arc6).
Ckitra, Veragua (Arce).
Chitra, Veragua (Arce).
Calobre, Veragua (Arce).
Calobre, Veragua (Arce).
Chepo, Istkin. of Panama

(Arce).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (Hicks).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).
Minca, Sierra Nevada of S.

Marta (Simons).
Valle Dupar, U. S. C. (Simons).
Manaure, S. Marta, U. S. C.

(Simons).
Santa Marta, Colombia.

Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).
BalzarMts., Ecuador (Illing-

worth ).
Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

60. MTIODTNASTES. 185

3. Myiodynastes audax.

Le Gobe-inouche tackete de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 453. fig. 2.

Muscicapa audax, Gm. S. N. i. p. 934.

Tyrannus audax, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 846.

Scaphorhynchus audax, Cab. in Schumb. Guian. iii. p. 699.

Megarhynchus audax, Hein. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 342.

Myiodynastes audax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 223 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 74 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 86 ; Pels. Orn. Eras. p. 112 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578,
1868, p. 168, 1875, p. 237. et 1879, p. 514 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50 ;
Tacz. P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 326 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 289 ; Salv. et
Godtn. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 ; Perl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 303 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91,
114 ; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 332.

"Megarhynchus regius, Tiiunb." Hein. Journ. f. Om. 1859, p. 342.

Above greyish, densely covered -with black shaft-spots ; head with
a concealed crest of bright yellow ; lores and eye-region black ;
wings blackish, primaries slightly margined with rufous ; wing-
coverts and secondaries edged with whitish ; tail blackish, with
more or less broad margins both on the inner and outer webs of
bright ferruginous : beneath whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish
on the breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts, and varied, especially
on the breast, upper belly, and flanks, by numerous long blackish
shaft-spots; bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet blackish:
whole length 7*5 inches, wing 4, tail 3-2.

Hub. Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.

Generally similar to M. nobilis, but darker above, with broader
shaft-stripes below, and with more black on each side of the shafts
in the tail-feathers. But the amount of rufous on the tail-feathers
is by no means a constant character.

a. 2 ad.sk. Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Tobago {Kirk). Sclater Coll.

d. 2 ad- sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

(Whitely).

e. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater CoD.

g. Ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Katterer). Sclater Coll.

h. $ jr. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

( Wliitehj).

4. Myiodynastes solitarrus.

Chorreado todo, Azar. Apunt. ii. p. 145.

Tyrannus solitarius, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxv. p. 88 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 853.
Tyrannus audax, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 889; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 305.
Scaphorhynchus audax, Tse/i. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 149 ; Hart I . Ind.

Azar. p. 13; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 469.
Myiodynastes solitarius, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 223 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 74 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

186 TYUANNID^E.

p. 112 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 751, 978, 1873, p. 280, et 1879,
p. 615; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Bert. J.f. O. 1873, p. 261; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 20 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 288 ; Burn-
ford, Ibis, 1877, p. 178, et 1878, p. 60 (rep. Arg.) ; White, P. Z. 8.
1882, p. 607 (rep. Arg.) ; Barroios, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii.p. 201
(Entrerios) ; Berl. Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1885, p. 135 (Rio Grande
do Sul) ; Scl. et Suds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 150.

Above grey, thickly covered by numerous black shaft-spots ;
concealed vertical crest yellow ; lores and sides of the head black,
superciliaries white ; wings blackish, primaries slightly edged with
rufous, coverts and secondaries margined externally with greyish
white ; tail blackish, with narrow external margins of ferruginous :
beneath greyish white, with numerous black striations ; belly and
under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish and but slightly striated ;
bill dark brown, pale at the base ; feet blackish : whole length 7*5
inches, wing 4*4, tail 3*4.

Hub. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and occasionally N.
Brazil and British Guiana.

Typical specimens of this form may easily be separated from
M. audax by their darker colour, more densely striated plumage,
both above and below, and by the nearly entirely black tail, with
only the narrow outer margins ferruginous ; but intermediate forms
occur which it is almost impossible to arrange satisfactorily under
either head : for example, one skin from Guiana and others from
Upper Amazonia seem to belong to this form ; others from the same
localities are referable to M. audax. It would perhaps be better to
consider all the four representatives of this group as only subspecies
of M. audax.

a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

d. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e-g. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Youds).
i. Ad. sk. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, R. H. Wood, Esq.

j. $ ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. J ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. cJ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).

m. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].

5. Myiodynastes bairdi.

Saurophagus bairdi, Gambel, Joum. Ac. Phil. n. s. i. p. 40 (1847).
Tyrannus atrifrons, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 274.

Myiodvnastes atrifrons, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 223; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 324;

60. MYIODYNASTES. 187

Tacz.JP Z. S. 1877, pp. 326, 753, et 1880, p. 203 : id. Orn. Per.
ii. p. 291 ; Tacz. et Bert. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122.
Myiodynastes bairdi, Sah. Ibis, 1874, p. 324 : Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 556.

Above cinereous brown ; head with a bright lemon-yellow vertical
crest ; front and lores black ; sides of head behind the eyes blackish ;
wings blackish ; outer webs of primaries and inner secondaries bright
rufous, forming a large rufous patch ; lesser wing-eoverts and outer
secondaries margined with buffy white ; rump and upper tail-coverts
bright ferruginous ; tail bright rufous, lateral feathers with the
shafts and an elongated spot increasing in breadth towards the
apex blackish ; two middle tail-feathers blackish, margined with
pale rufous : beneath pale sulphur-yellow ; throat greyish white ;
under wing-coverts yellow like the belly ; bill and feet black : whole
length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3-8.

Hab. Western Ecuador and Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

6. d" ad.sk. San Pedro, Peru (Orion). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Sclater Coll. (Type
, . , , of M. atrifrims.)

VT , Gu<iyaquil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e Ad. sk. Guayaquil. G. Barclay rp.l

/. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Capt.Kellett& Lieut.

, . , . Wood [P.].

g, A. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador {IUingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll

i. Ad. st. Guayaquil. G. Barclay [P.].

6. Myiodynastes chrysocephalus.

Scaphorhynchus chrysocephalus, Tseh. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 12 •
id. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 150, pi. 8. f. 1 ; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 5.

Pitangus chrysocephalus, Scl P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Boo-ota).

Myiodynastes chrysocephalus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 43,° 143, et 18G0
pp. 63, 92 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 223 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 246 : Scl.
et Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, 1875, p. 237, 1876, p. 16, et 1879,
p. 514 ; ltd. Nomend. p. 50 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882,
p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 293 ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884,
p. 296.

Megarhvnchus chrysocephalus, Hein. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 345 •
Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 65.

Myiodynastes chrysocephalus minor, Tacz. et Bed, P. Z. S. 1885
p. 91.

Above cinereous ; back tinged with olive ; head blackish, with a
large vertical crest of bright yellow ; lores and sides of head black ;
slight superciliaries and line below the eye white ; wings and tail
blackish brown, slightly edged with rufous : beneath, throat white ;
abdomen pale yellow, slightly striated with cinereous ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing- and tail-feathers pale
rufous ; bill black, base of the lower mandible whitish ; feet
blackish: whole length 7'5 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3-3. Female

18S

TTEANNIDiE.

similar, but duller iu colour, and yellow crest absent or less deve-
loped.

Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru.

This is a smaller bird than M. bairdi and has a broader bill. It
is further distinguishable by the absence of the conspicuous red
rump and of the red patch on the wings.

a,

b. Ad. sk.

c.

Ad. sk.

d,

e. Ad.sk.

f.

Ad. sk.

&•

cJ ad. sk.

h.

Ad. sk.

i.

Ad. sk.

J-

Ad. sk.

k.

Ad.sk.

1.

Ad. sk.

m

c? ad. sk.

n.

Ad. st.

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley).
Ecuador (Buckley).
Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal-
mon).
Concordia, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.

Caracas, Venezuela.
San Cristobal, Venezuela (Goering).
Venezuela.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
D. Dyson [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
D. Dyson [C.].

7. Myiodynastes heinichrysus.

Hypermitres chrysocephalus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 246.
Hypermitres hemichrysus, Cab. J.f. O. 1861, p. 247.
Myiodynastes hemichrysus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p.

Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50.
Myiodynastes superciliaris, Laivr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p.

Rica).

114 (Costa
470 (Costa

Above dark olive-brown ; head blackish, with a concealed yellow
vertical crest ; lores and eye-region black ; superciliary stripe and
line below the eye white ; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined
with rufous : beneath bright sulphur-yellow, whiter on the throat,
and slightly varied with olive on the sides of the breast and flanks ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing- and tail-
feathers pale rufous ; bill black, pale at the base of the lower man-
dible ; feet dark brown : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3"4.
Female similar, but yellow on the crest less developed or wanting.

Hab. Veragua and Costa Rica.

This is the northern form of the preceding species, apparently
always distinguishable by the clearer olive of the body above and
tho bright yellow of the belly.

a. S ad.; b.

Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
cl. Ad.sk.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Calobre, Veragua (Arce).
Veragua (Arce).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

61. MEGAEHYNCHUS. 189

Subfamily IV. TYEANNINtE.

The Tyrannince, or typical Tyrants, with which I conclude the
series of Tyrannidce, embrace most of the strongest and largest
members of the family. The bill is generally much more depressed
than in the preceding subfamily, and the gape armed with bristles.
The wings are more or less lengthened and formed for active flight.
The tarsi are mostly long and robust, though this feature varies
much in the different genera.

The Tyrannince, as here arranged (though, as already stated, the
whole systematic order of the present family must be taken as purely
provisional), are distributed all over the Nearctic and Neotropical
llegions. Nearly all tho well-known North-American genera of
Tyrannidce (such as Empidonax, Contopvs, Myiarchus, and Tyran-
nus) belong to this section ; while others (Muscivora, Hirundinea,
Cnipodectes) are purely Neotropical. Blacicus and Lawrencia are
Antillean types of this subfamily.

Index to the Genera.

61. Megarhynchus, p. 189.

62. MuscrvosA, p. 191.

63. Hirundinea, p. 195.

64. Cnipodectes, p. 197.

70. Lawrencia, p. 233.

71. Contoptjs, p. 234.

72. Blacicus, p. 241.

73. Myiochanes, p. 245.

65. Myiobius, p. 198. 74. Myiarchus, p. 246.

66. Pyrocephalus, p. 211. 75. Empidias, p. 264.

67. Empidochanes, p. 216. 76. Empidonomus, p. 265.

68. Mitrephanes, p. 218. 77. Tyrannus, p. 267.

69. Emppdonax, p. 221. 78. Mtlvulus, p. 267.

61. MEGARHYNCHUS.

Type.

Platyrhynclius, Temm. Tall. Meth. p. 23 (1822) M. pitangua.

Megarhynchus, Thunb, Disq. de genere Megarhyncho *

(1824) M. pitangua.

Scaphorhynchus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 982 (1831) M. pitangua.

Megastoma, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837) M. pitangua.

The large and much-flattened bill renders this genus easily
recognizable. The form, under various slight geographical varia-
tions, extends from Mexico to Paraguay.

1. Megarhynchus pitangua.

Tyrannus brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 402.

Lanius pitangua, Linn. S. N. i. p. 136.

Tyrannus pitangua, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 570.

* Vide Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 337.

190 TTRANNID2E.

Tyrannus carnivorus, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 847.

Muscicapa pitangua, Licht. Doitbl. p. 55.

Scaphorhynchus Bulphuratus, Max. Beitr. hi. p. 983.

Megastoiua flaviceps, M. ruficeps, et M. atriceps, Siv. An. in Menag.

p. 285.
Scaphorhynchus pitangua, Eaap, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Lafr. Rev.

Zoo?. 1851, p. 474 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 458.
Megarhynchus pitangua, Hein. J.f. O. 1859, p. 345 ; Cab. et Hein.

Mas. Hein. ii. p. 64; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 224; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,

p. 86 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 112 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578,

tt 1868, p. 168; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Finseh, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 571 ;

Cab. J.f O. 1874, p. 88; Bono. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Salv. et

Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201, et 1880, p. 125 ; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. v.

pp. 394, 500, vi. pp. 374, 393 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 294 ; Salv.

Ibis, 1885, p. 296. _
Scaphorhynchus mexicanus, Lafr. Rev. Zool, 1851, p. 473 ; Scl. Ibis,

1859, p. 120.
Megarhynchus mexicanus, Hein. J.f. O. 1859, p. 346 ; Cab.et Hein.

Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 246; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 224 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360, et 1870, p. 837 ; Lawr.

Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 182, ix. p. 201 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,

p. 308 ; Nehrkorn, J.f. O. 1881, p. 67.
Megarhynchus chrysocephalus, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 345 {nee

Tschudi).
Megarhynchus chrysogaster, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 281, 295 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 224.
Megarhynchus pitangua chrysogaster, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 557, et 1885, pp. 91, 122.

Above brown ; head black ; broad superciliaries, joined by a line
round the nape, white : concealed vertical crest orange or yellow ;
wings and tail blackish brown, with slight rufous or whitish edgings
more or less apparent : beneath bright sulphur-yellow ; throat white ;
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; inner margins of wing- and
tail-feathers pale rufous ; bill and feet black : whole length 8-5
inches, wing 4-6, tail 3-2. Female similar, but concealed crest
yellow or wanting.

Hah. Southern Mexico, and Central and South America down to
Paraguay.

After examining a large series of specimens of this species, I have
como to the conclusion that they may be all safely united under one
name. It is quite true that in Mexican specimens, as pointed out
by Lafresnaye, the bill is rather longer and not so widened and the
size is smaller ; but specimens from intermediate localities show an
intermediate structure, and it is not possible to draw a satisfactory
line of demarcation between the two forms. Nor do I now think
it advisable to keep the form of Western Ecuador, which I formerly
called M. chrysogaster, apart.

a. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.

b. S ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Goidd, Esq.
dAd.sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaunier). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

62. MTTSCIVOEA. 191

ff. Ad. sk. Ckoctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

• Va i " Choctum (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Sclater Coll.

(Salvin).

k,l. <S % ad. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Coll.

SJj:- Diego (Salvin).

m. Ad sk. Sayana Grande (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

n. Jr. sk. \olcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvin).

o. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll

p. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o i *,, Chontales Nicaragua (iiWO. Salvin-Godman Coll.

» . £ad. ; s. Ad. San Jose, Costa Pica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman CoU.

*. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Rogers).

u. rf ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman CoU.

yAd.sk Chinqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i a i ?araiS°' FiVnama C^W*")- Salvin-Godman Coll.

.r. rfadsk. Panama (JfcZeannoB). Salvin-Godman Coll.

y. Ad- sk Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

fc ? ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.

a . Ad. sk. Atanques, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman CoU.

(oi?nons).

b'. rf ad. sk. Venezuela ( Goering). Sclater CoU

*,£. rf$ad. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e'. 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

/ . rf ad sk. \ quitos, Up. A mazons ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n . rf ad. sk. Babakoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater CoU. (Type

-,,-,, -r, „ of M.chrysogaster.)

». rfad.sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll

A- . Ad. sk. Quito. j Gould, Esq

I', rf ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama- Salvin-Godman Coll

zons ( Wallace),

m', n'. Ad. sk. Bahia Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

°i ,\T , £10 C1!?°' G°yaz> Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p , q . Ad. sk. JN ovo Fnbourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Yotuh ).

r'r ^V^' Bio, Brazil. Sclater Coll

s . rf ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

t . Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll

62. MUSCIVORA.

Muscivora, Cuv. Tabl. Gen. d. Class. d'An. (1800) M re-ia

Onychorhynclms, Fischer, Zoognosia, p. 31 (1814) M relia'
Muscipeta, Cuv. Regn An. i. p. 344 (1817) ........ ..WW M.' relia.'

lodus, Bonn. Enc. Meth. 1. p. 268 (1823) . . M re^-ia

Megalophus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837) '. W . ..'.'. M." regia.'

The highly developed and brilliantlv coloured crest at once dis-
tinguishes Muscivora from all its allies. It is also remarkable for
its elongated and much flattened beak and rather feeble feet.

Four species of the genus range through tropical America from
Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil.

192 TYKANNmE.

Key to the Species.

A. Bill broadened at the base and not so long.

) Breast transversely striated 1. regia, p. 192.

| Breast not striated 2. sivainsoni, p. 192.

B. Bill much elongated and narrower at the base.

I Back dark, olivaceous 3. mexicana, p. 193.

J Back lighter, rufous 4. occidentalis, p. 194.

1. Muscivora regia.

Tyran hupe" de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 289.

Todus regius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 445.

Platyrhynchus regius, View,. Enc. Meth. p. 843.

Megalophus regiu3, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183.

Muscivora regia, Gray, List Gen. i?."p. 42 (1841) ; Pelzeln, Sitz. Akad.

Wiss. Wien, xxxi. p. 32G; id. Orn. Bras. p. 112 (Rio Brancho) ;

Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 65 ; Scl P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 224 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873,

p. 383 (Para) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana).
Onychorhynchus castelnaudi, Dev. R. Z. 1849, p. 56.
Megalophus castelnaudi, Dcs Murs, Zool. Voy. Casteln. et Deville, Ois.

p. 55.
Muscivora castelnaudi, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981 (Amazonia),

et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50 ; Tacz. Orn. Per.

ii. p. 295.

Above dark olivaceous brown ; elongated and expanded vertical
crest scarlet, tipped with sbining purple ; wings dark cinereous ;
tips of wing-coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings of
light brown ; band across the rump light buff ; tail dark ferruginous
brown, lighter at the base : beneath pale ochraceous ; throat lighter ;
breast and flanks more or less transversely barred with ashy brown ;
under wing-coverts pale ochraceous ; bill dark brown, pale at the
base of the lower mandible ; feet pale yellowish brown : whole
length 5*6 inches, wing 3'1, tail 2-4. Female similar, but crest
smaller and yellowish.

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.

a, b. S ad. sk. Camacusa ,British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

c. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. J. Goidd, Esq.

e. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
/. (J ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxtcell). Sclater Coll.

g. $ ad. sk. Ckamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

h. Ad. sk. Para {Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

2. Muscivora swainsoni.

Muscipeta regia, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 944 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 317.

Megalophus regius, Sio. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 145, pi. 15 ; id. Orn.
Dr. pis. 51, 52 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 504.

Muscivora regia, Burm. Joum. f. Orn. 1853, p. 165.

Muscivora swainsonii, Pelzeln, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxxi. p. 326 ;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 224 ; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50.

62. muscivoea. 193

Above brown ; large and expanded crest on the head scarlet,
tipped with brilliant purple ; wings blackish ; -wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with brown ; rump aud tail-feathers bright
ochraceous, with a more or less well-defined blackish baud at the end
of the tail-feathers : beneath uniform pale ochraceous, under wing-
coverts similar ; bill — upper mandible pale brown, lower whitish ;
feet pale yellowish brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-7.
Female similar, but crest smaller and more yellowish.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

In this species the bill is short as in M. recjia, but is different in
form, the edges sloping straight towards the apex and not being
swollen out at the base as in M. rec/ia. Besides this the bird is
larger in size, its back is lighter in colour, and there are no traces
of transverse markings on the breast in adult specimens.

a. c? ad. st.

South America.

Purchased.

b,c. d $ ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e,f. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

3. Muscivora mexicana.

Muscivora mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295, 1858, p. 301, et
1859, pp. 45, 56 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 225 ; Scl.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et
1867, p. 148 (Veragua) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Later . Ann. Lye.
N. Y. vii. pp. 295, 329 (Panama), ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et
p. 201 (Yucatan) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ;
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua) ; Boue. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63
(Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis,
1879, p. 202 (Colombia) ; Ridgio. P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 396 (Costa
Rica), et vi. p. 402 (Nicaragua).

Above olive-brown with a slight cinereous tint ; large expanded
crest scarlet tipped with deep purple ; wings blackish edged with
brown ; wing-coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at their
tips ; rump light fidvous : tail similar but rather darker, and with
the ends of the tail-feathers more or less blackish : beneath pale
fulvous : throat whitish ; breast and flanks more or less darkened
by narrow cross-bands ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of
remiges pale fulvous ; bill horn-colour, paler at the base of the lower
mandible ; feet pale brown : whole length 6*2 inches, wing 3*3,
tail 2'7. Female similar, but with the crest smaller and yellowish.

Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Northern Colombia.

The elongated bill at once distinguishes this species from the two
preceding.

a. 5 ad. st. Central America. Purchased.

b, c. c? $ ad. sk. British Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll.

neaiu).

d,e. 3 ad. sk. Choctuni, Vera Paz (Sahin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. $ ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz ( Sahin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g-i. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].

vol. xrv. o

194

TTRANNTD.E.

j. 2 ad. sk.
k. 2 ad. sk.
/. 3 ad. sk.

m. $ ad. sk.

n. J ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.
p. 2 ad. sk.
q. 3 ad. sk.
r. 3 ad. sk.

8. 2 ad. sk.

t. 3 ad. sk.

u, v. 3 2 ad. sk.
i«, .r. c? 2 a(i- sk.
y, s. c? 2 ad- sk.

«'. c? ad. sk.

El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salvin).
Guatemala (Salvin).
Mirabayes, Nicoya, Costa Rica

(Arci).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica

(Arce).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arci).
Santa Fe", Veragua (Arce).
Santa Fe", Veragua (Arce).
Southern slope, Volcan de Clii-

riqui (ArcS).
Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui

(Arce).
Paraiso Station, Isthmus of

Panama (Hughes).
Panama (MtLi'annan).
Panama (McLeannan) .
Manaure, Santa Marta, U. S. C.

(Simons).
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta,

U.S. C. (Simons).

Salvin-Crodman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

4. Muscivora occidentalis. (Plate XV.)

Muscivora occidentalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 282 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 226 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 557, et 1885, p. 121 (Western Ecuador).

Above dark fulvous brown ; large expanded crest scarlet, tipped
with bright purple ; wings blackish edged with fulvous : wing-
coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at the tips ; rump bright
fulvous ; tail uniform pale rufous : below pale fulvous ; throat
whitish ; under wing-coverts and margins of inner webs of wing-
feathers pale fulvous ; bill — upper mandible horn-colour, lower pale
yellowish ; feet pale brown : whole length 6*5 inches, wing 3-3,
tail 2-7. Female similar, but rather smaller and crest yellow.

Bab. Western Ecuador.

This is perhaps the most distinct of the four species of Muscivora,
being immediately recognizable by its generally pale fulvous colour-
ing. The bill is not quito so long as in M. mexicana.

a,b. 3 2 ad. sk.

c. 3 ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

e,f. 3 ad. sk.

Babahoyo, Ecuador (Eraser) .

Babahoyo (Fraser).

Balzar Mts., Ecuador (IUing-

worth).
Prov. Loxa, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

63. HIRUNDINEA. 195

63. HIRUNDINEA. T

Hirundinea, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 46 (1837) H. bellicosa.

Phoneutria, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvii. (1850)* . . H. bellicosa.

This not unappropriated named type is remarkable for its long
wings and short tarsi. It embracos three distinct species, which
occupy separate geographical areas from Colombia to N. Argentina.

Key to the Species.

A. Rump black like the back.

I Tail uniform 1. ferruginea, p. 195.

j Tad with inner webs partly red 2. sclateri, p. 195.

B. Rump ferruginous red 3. bellicosa, p. 196.

1. Hirundinea ferruginea.

Todus ferrugineus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 446 ; Lath. lnd. Orn. i. p. 267.

Hirundinea ferruginea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113 (Rio Negro) ; id. Ibis,
1873, p. 27 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota) ; id. Ibis, 1869,
p. 196, pi. v. fig. 2, et 1882, p. 164 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana).

Above sooty black ; wings and tail black ; outer webs of inner
primaries at their bases ferruginous red : beneath dark ferruginous
red ; chin whitish ; under wing-coverts and broad inner margins of
wing-coverts similar but rather paler ; bill and feet black : whole
length 6-5 inches, wing 4-4, tail 3-2. Female similar.

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

a, b. $ $ a(i. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

c. $ ad. sk. Twek-quay Mt., Carimang r. Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

d. (S ad. sk. Rio Icanna, N. Brazil (Nat- Sclater Coll.

terer).

2. Hirundinea sclateri.

Hirundinea bellicosa, Scl. Ibis, 1869, p. 196, t. v. fig. 2 ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537.
Myiarchus ferrugineus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 154.
Hirundinea ferruginea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota).
Hirundinea sclateri, Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 147 (1870) ;

Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Scl.' Ibis, 1882, p. 164 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1882, p. 21 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 297.

Above sooty black ; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous red
blotch which occupies the greater part of the inner primaries and
adjoining secondaries ; tail blackish, basal two thirds of all the
lateral rectriees ferruginous red: beneath dark ferruginous red;
chin whitish ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers,
except at their tips, similar, but rather brighter ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 3-2. Female similar.

* Qf. Gray, Cat. of Gen. (1855), p. 51.

o2

196 TYKANNID^.

Hub. Colombia and Peru.

The greater extent of the red on the wing, and the presence of
the same colour on the inner webs of the lateral rectrices at once
distinguish this species from E. ferruginea.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Purchased.

3. Hirundinea bellicosa.

Suiriri roxo obscuro, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 129.

Tyrannus bellicosus, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. xxxv. p. 74; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 816.
Hirundinea bellicosa, cTOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 314 (Bolivia) ; Hartl. Ind.

Az. p. 12 ; Sol. Ibis, 1869, p. 196, et 1832, p. 1G4 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 51 ; Reinhardt, Fuyelf. Camp. Bras. p. 144 ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537 (C. Peru) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 343 (N.E.

Brazil) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 (Arg. Rep.) ; Berl.et Jher.

Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Scl. et Huds.

Ary. Orn. i. p. 151.
Muscicapa rupestris, Max. Reise, i. p. 345.
Platyrbyncbus rupestris, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 977.
Hirundinea rupestris, Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 113; Scl. Ibis, 1869, p. 198,

pi. v. fig. 3 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia).
Muscivora ferruginea, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 505; Euler, J.f. 0.

1867, p. 232 (nest).
Phoneutria ferruginea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65.
Hirundinea ferruginea, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 225 (excl. syn.).
Platyrbyncbus birundinaceus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11, t. 13. fig. 1.
Tyrannus pyrrkopbaeus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 847.

Above sooty brown ; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous
red blotch occupying the greater portion of the inner primaries and
secondaries ; rump and greater part of the tail-feathers ferruginous
red, apical portion of tail-feathers blackish : beneath ferruginous
red ; throat greyish ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-
feathers, except the tips, similar to belly, but brighter ; bill and feet
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4-3, tail 2-2. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina.

Tho red rump at once distinguishes this species.

a. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Babia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. $ ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ner).

e. 3 ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/, y. $ 5 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).
h, i. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].

k. Ad. sk. Catarnarca, Arg. Rep. ( White). Sclater Coll. .

/, m. 2 ad. sk. Fuente de Andalfrala, Catarnarca, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Arg. Rep. ( White).
n. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bobvia Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Buckley).

04. CNIPODECTES.

197

64. CNIPODECTES.

Cnipodectes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281

Type.
C. subbrunneus.

Bill and foot of Cnipodectes.

Of the correct position of this form I am by no means certain.
The bill is shorter and broader than in Hirundinea, and the wings
are short and rounded. The tarsi are rather short.

Cnipodectes extends from Panama to Amazonia.

Key to the Species.

A. Larger; bill broader 1. subbrunneus, p. 197.

B. Smaller ; bill narrower 2. minor, p. 197.

1. Cnipodectes subbrunneus. (Plate XVI.)

Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 282, 295.

Myiochanes subbrunneus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 232.

Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 (part.) ; iid.

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 514 (Antioquia) ; Perl,

et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123 (Ecuador).

Above olivaceous brown ; wings blackish, margined with rufous ;
tail nearly uniform brown, hut centres of the webs darker : beneath
cinereous, washed with brown on the breast and flanks ; middle of
belly lighter, whitish : under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers pale fulvous ; bill — upper mandible black, lower
whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 3-3.

Hub. Ecuador and Colombia.

a. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

b. c? ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

c. Ad.sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (IUingworth).

d. tf ad. sk. Beinedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-C4odrnan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Cnipodectes minor.

Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281.
Cnipodectes minor, Scl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 654 : Tacz. Orn. Pir. ii.
p. 294.

198 TYRANNID7E.

Similar to C. subbrunneus, but smaller, and bill narrower : whole
length 5-7 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-5.

Hab. Peru, Ecuador, and Panama.

I am not sure that this form is properly separablo from the pre-
ceding, but the difference in size is considerable.

a. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. J ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

c. cS ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Hauxwell) Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Sta. Pita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godinan Coll

e. cS ad. ; Panama (McLearman). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk.

65. MYIOBIUS. „,

Type.

Tyrannula, Sio. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 358 (1827) M. barbatus.

Myiobius, Gray, List of Gen. ed. i. p. 30 (1840) M. barbatus.

Platyrkynckus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9 (1825) M. barbatus.

Pyrr'honiyias, Cab. et Hem. 3Ius. Hem. ii. p. 66

(1859) M. vieillotides.

Myiophobus, JReichenb. Orn. Syst. Nat. t. lxvii.

(1850) M. nsevius.*

This is an extensive genus embracing upwards of twenty species,
of small size, which extend nearly all over the Neotropical Region.
The bill is rather sbort and much broadened ; the gape is well
armed with rictal bristles ; the wings are rather long, and the tarsi
sbort. Nearly all the males show a brightly coloured, half-con-
cealed, vertical crest, which is in some cases absent, or differently
coloured in the female.

Key to the Species.

A. Wings not banded ; a conspicuous pale

cervine rump-band ; tail dark.

a. Breast pale fawn-colour 1. barbatus, p. 199.

b. Breast dark fulvous.

I Smaller ; bill weaker 2. sulphur eipygius, p. 200.

I Larger ; bill stronger 3. villoma, p. 201.

B. Wings banded or edged ; rump-band more

or less rufous.

c. Under surface ferruginous ; throat
similar.

Back dark olivaceous 4. cinnamomeus, p. 202.

Back rufous 5. vieillotides, p. 202.

d. Under surface ochraceous.

J Throat grey ; tail rufous 6. erythrurus, p. 203.

j Throat ochraceous ; tail cinereous . . 7. rufeseens, p. 204.

C. Rump bright yellow ; wings not banded.

e. Tail rufous, tipped with blackish.

\ With a white frontal band 8. ornatus, p. 204.

) With two white frontal spots .... 9. stellatus, p. 204.

* Cf. Gray, Hand-1. i. p. 360.

65. myiobius. 199

f. Tail wholly rufous.

I Throat olive, like the breast .... 10. phamieunts, p. 205.

| Throat greyish 11. aureiventris, p. 205.

D. Uniform above ; no rump-band.

g. Breast not striated, olivaceous.

a'. Upper surface yellowish olive .... 12. flavicans, p. 205.
b'. Upper surface greenish olive.

Without a white line round the

eye 13. phwnicomitra, p. 206.

With a white line round the eye. 14. superciliosus, p. 206.
h. Breast not striated, fulvous.

c'. Bill broader; lower surface yellowish.

j Smaller 15. palcher, p. 207.

j Larger 16. bellus, p. 207.

d'. Bill narrower ; lower surface ochra-

ceous 17. subochraceus, p. 208.

i. Breast more or less striated.

e'. Wing-bands bright rufous 18. roraimce, p. 208.

f. Wing-bands ochraceous.

a". Breast strongly striated 19. ncevius, p. 209.

b". Breast lightly striated.

( Crest red 20. crypt erythrus, p. 210.

| Crest yellow 21. crypto.vtmthus, p. 211.

1. Myiobius barbatus.

Le Barbichon de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 830. figA 1.
Muscicapa fasciata, Mull. Natwrs. Suppl. p. 172 (1776) ?
Muscicapa barbata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933 (1789) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i.

p. 488.
Myiobius barbatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1860, pp. 282, 295 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 225 ; Lawr. Ann.

Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 8 (Panama) ; Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 501 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751,

1873, p. 281, et 1879, p. 514 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 298 ; Tacz. et Berl.

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Muscipeta barbata, Sw. Zool. III. ii. pi. 116 ; Max: Beit): iii. J). 934.
Platyrhynchus xanthopygius, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pi. 9. fig. 1.
Muscicapa eupogon, Licht. Mus. Berol.
Myiobius xanthopygius, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 225 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1866, p. 189 ; Euler, J.f. 0. 1868, p. 185 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113;

Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 88 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537.
Myiobius atricaudus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 183 ; id. Ann. L. N. Y.

viii. p. 8 (Panama) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 ; Salv.

P. Z. S 1870, p. 198 (Veragua).
Whiskered Flycatcher, Lath. G. II. vi. p. 245.

Above olive-green ; vertical crest yellow, tipped with olive ;
wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish ; broad band across
the rump pale lemon-yellow ; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish
black: beneath pale fulvous, whiter on the throat; belly pale
lemon-yellow: under tail-coverts fulvous ; under wing-coverls
white ; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible white ; feet
pale brown : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*4. Female

200 TYBANNID-a:.

similar, but rather smaller, and yellow of the crest not so well
developed.

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and
Veragua.

The tail is rather darker in specimens from Panama and Ecuador,
and it is perhaps possible to recognize this form as a subspecies, but
in some specimens from Guiana I find the tail very nearly as dark.

a. Subsp. atricauda.

a. c? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. 3 ad. ; Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk.

e. 5 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

f,ff-d 2 ad.sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

h. 3 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

i. $ ad. sk. Bemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon),

j, k. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Subsp. typica.

I, m. d 2 a^- sk- Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

n. 5 ad. sk. Camacusa, Br. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

o,2h c? ad.sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

cJ ad. sk. River Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

r. (J ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

s. Ad. sk. Amazons. Purchased.

t-w. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

.r, y. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2. Myiobius sulphureipygius.

Tyrannula sulphureipygia, Sel. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.

Myiobius sulphureipygius, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465; id. Ibis, 1859,

p. 442, et 1873, p. 373 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis,

1860, p. 399 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii.

p. 8, ix. p. 114; Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198;

Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 308 : Bidgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 402.
Myiobius citiinopygius, Cab. et Hein. Mns. Ilein. ii. p. 67.
Myiobius mexicanus, Cab. in Mus. Berol.

Above olive-green : vertical crest bright yellow, tipped with
olive ; wings brownish black, slightly margined with brownish ; a
broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts
and tail blackish : beneath brownish fulvous ; throat whitish,
middle of belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill
brown, base of lower mandible pale ; feet pale brown : whole length
5-2 inches, wing 2'5, tail 2'3. Female similar, but rather smaller
and yellow crest absent or not so well developed.

Hab. Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui.

65. MYIOBIUS.

201

This form principally differs from M. harbatus in the darker
fulvous colour of the body below. It is also rather larger in size.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. (S ad. sk. ; /.
Ad. sk.

q. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
/, k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad.sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. cJ ad. sk.
p. c? ad. sk.
q, r. (J 2 ad. sk.
s. Juv. sk.

Mexico (Salle).

Cordova, Mexico.
Cozuinel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
British] loiKluras(7?/fme«Mer«/.r).
Sources of Rio de la Passion,

Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctuin, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz.

Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).
Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
Chiriqui (Arce).

3. Myiobius villosus.

Sclater Coll. (Type

or the species.)
A. Salle [C.].
Salvin-G odman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Myiobius villosus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 93, 465; id. Cat. A.B. p. 226;

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 514, 615 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 21 ;

id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 299 ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91, 116.
Myiobius xanthopygius, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537.

Above dark olive-green ; vertical crest lemon-yellow, tipped with
olive ; wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish olive ;
broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts
and tail dark brownish black : beneath deep fulvous, throat whitish ;
middle of belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts white, tinged with
fulvous ; bill dark brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible :
feet brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2*4. Female
similar, but rather smaller, and yellow in crest absent or not so
apparent.

Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.

This is a close ally of M. sul/phwreipygius, and in some cases
difficult to distinguish in plumage ; but it appears to be a larger and
stronger bird, with more robust beak, and rictal bristles more
developed.

a. 2 a<k sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (One

of the types of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (One

of the types of the species.)

c, d. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley).

f. 2 ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon).

g. $ ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C.
h. Ad. sk. Bogota.

i. Ad. sk. Bogota.

;'. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia
(Buckle;/).

J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
T. K. Salmon [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

202

TTRANXID.E.

4. Myiobius cinnamonieus.

Muscipeta cinnainoruea, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 49 (1837) ;

cfOrb. Voy., Ois. t. 34. figs. 1, 2.
Muscipeta vieillotii, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 321.
Myiobius pyrrkopterus, Hartl. llev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.
Tyrannula pyrrhoptera, Bp. Congo, i. p. 191.
Tyrannula cinnainomea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Myiobius cinnamomeus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 466;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. pp. 328, 472 ; Scl.

et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186, et 1879, pp. 514, 615 ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 51 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, 1879, p. 235, .et 1882, p. 21 ; id.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 299 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91 (Ecuador).
Pyrrhomyias cinuamorueus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66.

Above dark olive, head rufous ; concealed vertical crest bright
yellow ; wings blackish, edges of coverts and a large patch occupying
the basal portion of the secondaries bright ferruginous red ; slight
uropygial band fulvous ; tail blackish brown : beneath deep ferru-
ginous, rather duller on the throat ; under wing-coverts and inner
margiiis of wing-feathers bright rufous ; bill and feet black : whole
length 4-8 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-2. Female similar.

Bab. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

a. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

b. Ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

c. d. Ad. st. Bogota, TJ. S. C. J. Gould, Esq.
e,f. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i,j. 3 2 ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

1. c? ad. sk. Pinipi, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n, o. cS $ ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

5. Myiobius vieillotides.

Tyrannula vieillotioides, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 174.

Myiobius vieillotides, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 4G6; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 226 : Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ;

Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa Marta).
Pyrrhomyias heinei, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66.

Above ferruginous brown ; head darker, with a concealed vertical
crest of bright yellow ; wings blackish brown ; tips of coverts and a
large patch occupying the basal portion of the secondaries bright
ferruginous red ; tail ferruginous red, with large central blackish
blotches along the shafts which increase towards the ends : beneath
deep ferruginous red ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers like the belly but rather brighter; bill and feet
black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*4. Female similar.

65. MYIOBIUS.

203

Hah. Coast of Colombia and Venezuela.

This species is nearly allied to M. rinnamomeus, but distinguishable
by its rufous back and the rufous bases of the tail-feathers.

a. 2 ad. sk. San Sebastian, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. ; d. Jr. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.].

6. Myiobius erythrnrus.

Myiobius erythrurus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, i. p. 249, pi. 5. fig. 1 ;
id. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et
1860, pp. 295, 466 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
vii. p. 472, ix. p. 114 ; Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 308 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 114; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 578, 595, 751, et 1873,
pp. 1S6, 281 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et
1882, p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 301 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et
1870, p. 198 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.) ; Boucard, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 64 ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 557, et 1885, p. 121.

Tyrannula erythrura, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.

Above greyish olive, lower back and tail bright rufous ; wings
blackish edged with rufous : beneath bright fulvous ; throat greyish ;
bill brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible : feet pale whitish
brown : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and
Costa Rica.

The absence of the coloured vertical crest, the small size, and the
pure rufous tail at once distinguish this species.

a. S ad. sk.

b, c. S 5 ad.
sk.

d. (S ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.
/. 3 ad. sk.

g. d ad. sk.
h. cS ad- sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j, k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. 6 ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. 2 ad. sk.
r. c? ad. sk.
s,t.S ? ad.sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(imtely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana ( TMiitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Carimang r., Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Albina, Surinam.
Rio Capim, Para, Lower Amazons

( Wallace).
yquitos,LTpperAmazons(ir^?Ye/y).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Rio Napo.

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).
Bogota.
Bogota.

Chepo, Isthni. of Panama (Arce).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
Santa Fifi, Veragua {Arce').
Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

C. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
tSalvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

204 TYRANNID.E.

7. Myiobius rufescens.

Myiobius rufescens, Salvad. Att. Sac. It. 18(34, p. 152 ; Scl. et Salo.

P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 174, 569 : iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 538, 1879, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 303.
Myiobius nationi, Scl. P.Z. S. 1866, p. 99, t. xi. fig. 1.

Above cinereous, slightly mixed with ochraceous, rump ochraceous ;
concealed vertical crest yellow or reddish yellow ; terminal spots on
both rows of coverts and external borders of secondaries rufous ;
tail cinereous, with pale tips to the feathers : beneath ochraceous,
paler and more whitish on the throat ; under wing-coverts ochra-
ceous ; bill blackish, feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so well developed.

Rob. Western Peru.

The cinereous back and ochraceous under surface at once dis-
tinguish this species.

a, b. cJ ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.

(Types of 31. nationi.)
c. $ ad. sk. Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

8. Myiobius ornatus.

Tyrannula ornata, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 57 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854,

p. 113, pi. 66. fig. 2.
Myiobius ornatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860. p. 466 ; id.Cat. A. B. p. 226 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158 ; Berl.

et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 557.

Above olive-green, head blackish ; sides of head cinereous; narrow
front white ; concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow ; lores white ;
rump bright sulphur-yellow : wings blackish brown, slightly edged
with olivaceous ; tail at the base rufous, passing into blackish brown
at the end : beneath olive-green, throat passing into cinereous ; belly
and crissum bright sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts olivaceous ;
inner margins of secondaries whitish ; bill blackish : feet dark
brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 1*8. Female
similar.

Hab. Colombia.

a, b. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

f-h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Myiobius stellatus.

Myiobius ornatus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador).
Myiobius stellatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 557, 1884, p. 297, et 1885, pp. 117, 121.
Like M. ornatus but smaller, basal half of the tail yellow, then

65. MYIOBITJS. 205

rufous, apical portion blackish ; edges of secondaries and tertiaries
somewhat rufescent, abdomen and rump brighter yellow, breast
more yellowish.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

This form appears to me to be barely separable from M. ornatus ;
but having only one specimen to judge from, I prefer to state the
points by which Messrs. Perlepsch and Taczanowski (P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 557) think it may be recognized.

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

10. Myiobius phcenicums.

T3Tannula phoenicura, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113, pi. 66. fig. 1.
Myiobius phcenicurus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et 1860, p. 466 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 226 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1873, p. 186; Cab. J.f. O. 1873, p. 158; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1874,

p. 538 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 302 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91

(Ecuador).

Above olive-green ; nape and sides of the head cinereous ; crown
black, with a concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow ; narrow front
white ; wings blackish, with slight rufous edgings ; rump bright
lemon-yellow ; tail chestnut-red : beneath yellowish olive ; throat
cinereous ; lower part of the belly bright yellow ; under wing-
coverts pale rufous ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length -P5
inches, wing 2-5, tail 1"8. Female similar.

Hah. Eastern Ecuador.

The pure chestnut-red tail at once distinguishes this form from
the preceding.

a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

11. Myiobius aureiventris.

Myiobius aureiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782.

Very nearly similar to M. phcenicurus, and apparently only dis-
tinguishable by its rather larger size and very pale greyish, nearly
white throat.

Hub. Southern Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (JV/iiteli/). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. 2 ad- ; c. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godtnan Coll.

12. Myiobius flavicans. (Plate XVII.)

Myiobius flavicans, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 404 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227; Scl. et Salt: P. Z. S. Is70, p. 781, et 1879, p. 514; iid.
Nomencl. p. 51 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 297.

Above yellowish olive ; concealed vortical crest orange or yellow :

206 TYRANNIES.

line round the eye yellowish ; wings dark ashy brown ; tips of the
coverts and outer margins of wing-feathers fulvous ; tail ashy
brown, with slight olivaceous edgings : beneath yellowish, brighter
on the middle of the belly and passing into olivacoous on the
flanks ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous : bill horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 4-8
inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-1. Female similar, but without the con-
cealed orange or yellow crest.

Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.

This is a very distinct species, at once distinguishable by its
mainly olive and yellow dress. As in other members of the genus,
the crest seems to vary in tint from yellow to orange or reddish.

a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Jad.sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C.].
f-i. S ad. ; j, k. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk.'

/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godm.in Coll.

n. Ad. st. Aragua, Venezuela. Purchased.

13. Myiobius phcenicomitra.
Myiobius phcenicomitra, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91.

Above olive-green ; concealed vertical crest reddish orange :
wings blackish, with slight fulvous edgings to the coverts and
outer secondaries ; tail ashy black, with slight olivaceous edgings :
beneath yellowish, brighter on the middle of the belly and more
olivaceous on the breast and flanks ; inner margins of wing-feathers
pale fulvous ; bill dark cinereous, lower mandible whitish ; feet
pale brown : whole length 4-4 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*1. Female
similar, but vertical crest absent or less developed.

Hah. Ecuador.

Apparently separable from M. flavicans by the much greener tint
of the olive above and paler colour below.

a b. 6 2 ad. sk. Mapoto, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimens.)

14. Myiobius superciliosus.

Myiobius superciliosus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1882, p. 21.
Myiobius superciliaris, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 306.

Above olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge on the lower
back : concealed vertical crest yellow : slight superciliary mark and
line round the eye yellowish ; wings blackish, slightly edged with
fulvous ; tail dark brown : beneath yellowish, brighter on the

65. myiobius. 207

middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins
of wing-feathers fulvous ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length
4-7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-2. Female similar, but rather paler
and without the yellow vertical crest.

Hah. Peru.

I have only a single female specimen of this species before me.
It seems to be closely allied to M. flavimns, and I am somewhat
inclined to doubt its real distinctness. M. Taczanowski (Orn. Per.
ii. p. 307) has pointed out what appear to be the differences.

a. Jr. sk. Cochocho, Peru (Stohmann). Sclater Coll. (Authentic

specimen.)

15. Myiobius pulcher.

Mviobius pulcher, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 464 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227 ; Id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 100, pi. xi. fig. 2, et 1873, p. 780
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Ridqio. P. U. S. N. M. iv. p. 177;
Taez. Orn. Per. ii. p. 302.

Above olive, with a yellow tinge ; head darker ; concealed vertical
crest bright orange ; wings blackish ; broad edgings of the wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries pale fulvous ; tail
ashy brown : beneath yellowish, passing into fulvous yellow on the
breast ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing-
feathers pale fulvous ; upper mandible blackish, lower whitish ;
feet pale brown : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2, tail 1*6. Female
similar, but vertical crest less developed.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru.

This bird may be recognized by its small size and the conspicuous
bands across the wing-coverts.

a, b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.

16. Myiobius bellus.

Myiobius bellus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. Ill ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 360 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51.
Elainea ferrugineiceps, Pelz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii.

p. 447 (Ecuador).

Above olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge ; head cine-
reous, with a concealed vertical crest of deep orange ; wings
blackish ; broad tips of two rows of wing-coverts and external
margins of outer secondaries fulvous ; tail ashy brown : beneath
yellowish, paler on the throat, and passing into fulvous on the
breast ; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous ; bill — upper mandible blackish, lower whitish :
feet blackish : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-1.

Hab. Colombia.

208 tyrannidjE.

Very closely allied to M. pulcher, but larger in size, and of a
darker fulvous on the breast.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

17. Myiobius subochraceus.

Myiobius subochraceus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 50.

Above dull olive-green, rather more ochraceous on the rump ;
wings blackish, with broad tips to both rows of coverts and external
margins of secondaries pale fulvous ; tail dark cinereous : beneath
bright ochraceous, more yellowish in the middle of the belly ; under
wing- coverts pale ochraceous ; bill dark brown ; feet black : whole
length 4-7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-6.

Hab. Bolivia.

The specimen described is apparently a female of a third species
of the group of M. pulcher, distinguished by its large size and the
uniform ochraceous colouring below. There is just a faint appear-
ance of bright colour on the crown, so that the male would probably
have a concealed orange crest. The bill is rather narrower and more
elongated than in the two preceding species.

The second specimen (b), which I have temporarily placed here,
is probably the young of a different species. It is more of an
olive-green above, and the form of the bill comes quite close to
M. pulcher.

a. Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Buck lei/). (Type of the species.)

b. Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Buckley). (Probably different.)

18. Myiobius roraimae. (Plate XYIII.)

Myiobius roraima?, Salt: et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207 ; Salvin, Ibis,
1885, p. 297.

Above olive-brown ; head with a concealed reddish crest ; wings
blackish, two broad bars across the wing-coverts and external
margins of outer secondaries rufous ; tail brown : beneath pale yel-
lowish ; breast and sides slightly freckled with cinereous ; under
wing-coverts white ; inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamo-
meous ; upper mandible brown, lower whitish ; feet dark brown :
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2*6, tail 2'5. Female similar, but red
crest absent or but slightly indicated.

Hab. Interior of British Guiana.

A very distinct species, perhaps most nearly allied to M. ncevius,
but larger and of quite a different colour below.

65. myiobius. 209

a-c. 3 ad. ; d, e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. {Whitely). (Types of the species.)

ftff- d 2 a(b sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(JVTdtehj).

h. cJad.sk. Twek-quey, Carimang r., Salvin-GodmanColl.
Brit. Guiana (Whitely).

19. Myiobius nsevius.

Gobe-moucke a poitrine tacket6e de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 574.

fig. 3.
Muscicapa nsevia, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 34 (1783).
Muscicapa virgata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 948.

Platyrhynckus ckrysoeeps, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 10, pi. 11. fig. 2.
Muscipeta chrysoceps, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 940.
Muscicapa flaniniiceps, Temm. PI. Col. 144. fig. 3(5)-
Myiobius auriceps, Gray in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 47.
Muscipeta virgata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 320; Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 486.
Tyrannula ferruginea, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 53.
Tyrannula chrysoceps, Hartl. Verz. Mas. Brem. p. 49.
Myiobius nasvius, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466, et 1873, p. 780 ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 227 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 89 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1866, p. 189, 1868, pp. 138, 142, 168, 1873, pp. 186, 281, 1876,

p. 16, et 1879, pp. 514, 615 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 114 ; Wi/att, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 ; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 259, et

1884, p. 303; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,

p. 148, et 1870. p. 198 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.) ; Forbes,

Ibis, 1881, p. 343; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1882, p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 305 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitsehr. ges.

Orn. 1885, p. 136 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Reinh. Fuglef. Camp.

Bras. p. 142 ; Barrows, Ball. Nutt. Orn. CI. Tiii. p. 201 (Entrerios) ;

Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 151.
Myiopbobus nasvius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69.

Above brown ; lores whitish ; concealed vertical crest red or
yellow; wings blackish, two bands across the coverts and outer
margins of external secondaries pale rufous or fulvous, sometimes
whitish ; tail dark brown : beneath fulvous white : sides of throat,
breast, and flanks more or less distinctly nanimulated with brown ;
under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill brown, lower mandible
whitish ; feet blackish : whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-3.
Female similar, but concealed crest yellow or absent.

Hub. Yeragua and South America down to Argentine Republic.

The colour of the crest in this species seems to vary from red to
yellow ; it is not quite evident from marked specimens that this is
sexual, but such is, I suspect, the case.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
6. $ ad. sk. Castillo, Yeragua (J /•< >. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

3 ad. sk.

Santa Fe, Yeragua (Arce).

2 ad. sk.

Castillo, Yeragua (An < ).

Ad. sk.

Lion Hill Station, Panama

(McLeannan).

Jr. sk.

Paraiso Station, Panama

(Hughes).

VOL. XIV.

210

TYRANNIC.

e. $ ad. sk.

f. Ad. sk.

g. h. $ ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.

k, I. $ ad. ; m.

$ ad. sk.
». cJ ad. sk.
o. c? ad. sk.

Ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. <3 ad. ; u.

Ad. sk.
z>, w. Ad. sk.
a?. Ad. sk.
y. <S ad. sk.

P

z. <$ ad.sk.

a'. $ ad. sk.

b'. 3 ad.; c',d\

2 ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.

Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).

Venezuela (Goering).

Venezuela (Goering).

Carupano, Venezuela ( Goe-
ring).

Trinidad.

Roraiina, British Guiana
( Whitely).

Cayenne (JelsJci).

Para (Layard).

Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer).

Bakia, Brazil (Berlepsch).

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).

Brazil.

Brazil.

Oran, Salta,
( White).

Oran, Salta,
(White).

Buenos Ayres.

An

Arg.

Rep.
Rep.

Flores, Buenos Aires, Arg.

Rep. (White).
Bolivia.

Salviu-Godnian Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman ColL

Sclater Coll.

Zool.Soc. Coll. (Type
of M. auriceps.)
Sclater Coll.

T. Bridges [C.].

20. Myiobius crypterythrus.

Myiobius crypterythrus, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 464 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227 ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1884, p. 297 ; Tacz.
et Berl. P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 92; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326, et 1880,
p. 203 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 304.

Above sooty brown ; lores whitish ; concealed vertical crest bright
red ; wings blackish, two broad bands across the coverts and outer
margins of outer secondaries pa1^ rufous ; tail brown : beneath
dirty white ; breast obsoletely flammulated with dark cinereous ;
under wing-coverts whitish ; bill brown ; feet blackish : whole
length 5 inches, wing 2*5, tail 2*2.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

I was inclined at one time to reunite this species to M. ncevius ;
but Messrs. Taczanowski and Berlepsch hold to its distinctness. It
is certainly much darker above than any specimen of M. ncevius, and
much more obsoletely striated below.

a. 3 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

b. (J ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

c. 3 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

d. e. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.

66. PYROCEPHALTTS. 211

21. Myiobius cryptoxanthus.

Myiobius cryptoxanthus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 445 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68, 92.

Above sooty brown ; vertical crest bright yellow tipped with
brown ; wings blackish, two bars across the coverts and outer mar-
gins of external secondaries pale fulvous ; tail pale brown : below
whitish ; breast obsoletely flammulated with pale cinereous ; belly
pale yellowish white ; bill brown ; feet blackish : whole length
4-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2. Female similar, but yellow crest very
slightly indicated.

Bab. Western Ecuador.

The small size, pure yellow crest, and yellowish belly distinguish
this species.

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckle!/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. rf ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). ) Sclater Coll. (Types

c. <j> ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). \ of the species.)

66. PYROCEPHALUS.

Type.
Pyocephalus, Gould, Zool. Toy. 'Beagle] hi. p. 44 (1841) P. rubineus.

Pyrocepludus comes very close to Myiobius in structural cha-
racters, and is indeed hardly separable except for its slightly longer
and less broadened bill and less developed rictal bristles. But its
bright scarlet plumage renders it easily recognizable. The form
extends from the Southern United States to Argentina and the
Galapagos.

Key to the Species.

A . Head and body below bright scarlet.

a. Female striated on breast.

I Smaller; darker above 1. rubineus, p. 211.

) Larger ; paler above 2. mexicanus, p. 213.

b. Female not striated on breast 3. nanus, p. 214.

B. Plumage uniform dark ash}' 4. obscurus, p. 215.

1. Pyrocephalus rubineus.

Gobe-mouche rouge hupe, Daub. PI. Enl. 675. fig. 2.

Muscicapa rubinus, Bodd. Table de PL Enl. p. 42.

Muscicapa coronata, 6m. S. N. i. p. 932.

Platyrhynckus coronatus, Vieitt. Ene. Meth. p. 840.

Myiarchus coronatus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 155 ; Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 700.
Pyrocephalus coronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188 ; Buryn. J. f. O. 1860,

p. 246 (rep. Arg.); Stenib. J. f. O. 1869, p. 261 (Buenos Ayres).
Pyrocephalus rubineus, Cab. et 1L in. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 67; Scl. P. Z. S.

1854, p. 113 (Eucador), 1855, p. 149 (Bogota), et 1866, p. 99

(Lima) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 227 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas);

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 987 (Peru),

p2

212 TYRANKIDiE.

1868, p. 142 (Conchitas) et p. 175 (Peru), 1873, p. 281, et 1874,
p. 538 (Peru), et 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 114 ; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 808 ; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, 1877, pp. 326, 332, 752 (Peru), 1879, p. 235,
et 1880, p. 203 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn, Per. ii. p. 307 ; Bumf. Ibis,
1877, p. 178 (Buenos Ayres) ; Salv. et Godm, Ibis, 1879, p. 202, et
1880, p. 125 (Colombia) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 27 (Buenos Ayres),

• et 1885, p. 280 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297
(Br. Guiana) ; Perl, et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 136 (Rio
Gr. do Sul) ; Barroivs, Bull. Nutt. 0m. CI. viii. p. 201 (Entrerios) ;
Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 152.

Pyocephalus nanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 46, 144 (Ecuador), et 1860,
pp. 282, 295 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.

Suiriri coronata, d'Orb. Yoy., Ois. p. 336.

Pyrocephalus parvirostris, Gould, Zool. Voy. 'Beagle,1 iii. p. 44, pi. vi. ;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67 ; Burm, La-Plata Reise, ii.
p. 456.

Muscipeta strigilata, Max. Beit): iii. p. 900 ( 5 ).

Pyrocephalus strigilatus, Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 142.

Pyrocephalus rubineus coronatus, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 310.

Above very dark cinereous ; crested head and body beneath
scarlet ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-9,
tail 2'3. Female. Above paler cinereous, beneath white ; breast
striated with cinereous ; belly more or less rosy red.

Hah. South America, from Colombia down to Buenos Ayres.

It is in vain, T think, to attempt to make more than one species
out of this widely-spread bird, though specimens from the west coast
are usually smaller.

a. c? ad. st. Brit. Guiana (Sckomburgk). Roy.Geogr.Soc.[P."|.

b. $ ad. st. Brit. Guiana. Chev. Schomburgk

[P.].

c. d ad. sk. Valle Dupar, Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Simons).

d. S ad. ; e,f. Valencia, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad. sk.

g. S ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

h, i. $ ad. ; _;'. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. (Salmon).

k. cJ ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I, m. $ ad. ; n. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk.

o. 5 ad. sk. Choco Bay, U. S. C. Capt.Kellett & Lieut.

Wood [P.].

p. c? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

q. c? ad. sk. Valley of Chillo, Quito (Ja- Jardine Coll.

meson),

r, s. S ad. ; t. Guyaquil. Capt.Kellett & Lieut.

2 ad. sk. Wood [P.].

u. cJ ad. ; v. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

d jr. sk.

w. $ ad. sk. I. ofPuna,Ecuador(i??wA:%). G. Barclay [P.].

x. c? ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

y. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

06. PYEOCEPHALTTS.

213

a.

5 ad. sk.

Santa Rita, Ecuador {Buck-
ley).
Pebas, E. Peru {Hauxioell).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

a'

, <$ ad. sk.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

V.

<$ ad. sk.

River Ucayali (Hauxwell).

J. Gould, Esq.

c'.

d1 ad. sk.

Caterido Valley, S.W. Peru
( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

d!

, e.' <S 5 ad.

Islay, Peru.

H. Wbitely [0.].

/■

$ ad. sk.

Islay ( IVliitely).

Tweeddale Coll.

9''

, c? ad. sk.

Tambo Valley, Peru
( Whitely).

Tweeddale Coll.

h'.

, S ad. sk.

Payta, Peru (Marhham).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i'.

cj ad. sk.

Branas, Brazil {Reinhardt).

Sclater Coll.

f,

A;'. S ad. ; £'.
c? jr- sk.

Babia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

m

'. c? jr. sk.

Rio, Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

n'

. S ad. st.

Buenos Ayres.

C.Darwin[C.]. (Type
of P. jxirvirostris.)

o'.

5 ad. sk.

Buenos Ayres.

C.Darwin[C.]. (Type
of P. fiarvirostris.)

P''

d ad. sk.

Buenos Ayres (Haslehust).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

'/'<

r'. S $ ad.

La Plata (Hudson).

Sclater Coll.

s',

t'. 2 ad. sk.

Mendoza, rep. Arg.

Purchased.

u'.

$ ad. sk.

Mendoza ?

Sclater Coll.

v'.

6 jr. sk.

Rivedaria, rep. Arg.

C. Durnford [C.l.
C. Durnford [C.J.

w'

. $ ad. sk.

Punta Lara, rep. Arg.

2. Pyocephalus mexicanus.

Tyrannula coronata, Sw. Phil. May. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico).
Pyrocepbalus rubineus, Cass. B. Calif, p. 127, pi. 18 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1856, p. 296; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 201.
Pyrocepbalus mexicanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, et 1864,

p. 176 (Mexico) ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 442 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 227 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 68 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399

(Guatemala) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Later. Ann. Lye, N. Y. ix.

p. 201 (N. Yucatan) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan).
Pyrocephalus rubineus, var. mexicanus, Baird, Breiv., et Ridyw. N.

A. B. ii. p. 387.
Pyrocepbalus rubineus mexicanus, Merrill, P. U. S. N. M. i. p. 141

(Texas) ; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 444 ; Ridyw. P. U. S. N.

M. v. p. 542 (California) ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 345.

Above dark cinereous ; wings sometimes with slight whitish
edgings ; crested head and body beneath scarlet ; bill and feet black :
whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-5. Female. Above cinereous,
with slight whitish edgings to the wings: beneath dirty white,
striated with cinereous on the breast ; belly more or less suffused
with rosaceous.

Hub. South California, Mexico, Yucatan, Belize, and Guatemala.

Perhaps hardly more than a subspecies of P. rubineus, but gene-
rally recognizable by its larger size and rather lighter back.

214

TYRANNID.E.

a. cj ad. sk.

b. 3 ad. sk.

c. $ ad. sk.

d. e. 3 2 ad. st.
/,<,. 3 2 ad.sk.
A, *. d 2 ad- st-

;', ft. 3 2 ad. sk.

Z. 3 ad. sk.
»w. cJ ad. sk.

n. 3 ad. sk.
o. 3 ad. sk.
p-r. 3 ad. ; s.

2 ad. sk.
£. c? ad. sk.
m-z. c? ad.; «'-c'.

$ ad. sk.
d',e'. 3 2 ad- sk.
/. 3 ad. sk.

(/'. 3 ad. sk.

h', »'. 3 2 ad. sk.

f . 3 ad. sk.

k'. 3 ad. sk.

Arizona, U. S. A.

La Paz, Lower California

(Forrer).
Fort Yuma, Cal., U. S. A.
Mexico.

North Mexico ( Ward).
Mazatlan, W. Mexico {For-
rer).
Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fe-

nochio).
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).
Mexico.

Progreso, N. Yucatan (Devis).
Northern Yucatan ( Gaumer).
Silam, Yucatan (Gaumer).

Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gau-
mer).
British Honduras.
Belize, British Honduras

(Blancaneaux).
Santana, Peten (Salvin).
Pine-ridge of Pocturn, Gua-
temala.
Pine-ridge of Poctum, Gua-
temala (Salvin).
Guatemala.

B, B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Salviu-Godman Coll.

S. Morcom [P.].
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater CoU. (Type
of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

C. Dyson [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

3. Pyrocephalus nanus.

Pyrocephalus nanus, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle] iii. p. 45, pi. 7 ;
Lawr. Ann, Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 201 (N. Yucatan) ; Sol. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323 (Galapagos Is.) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ; Sund-
evall, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 125 (Galapagos Is.) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 66 (Charles Is.) ; Salv. Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 493 ; id. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 424 (Galapagos Is.).

Pyrocephalus duhius, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 46.

Above blackish : crested head and body beneath scarlet, throat
rather paler ; bill and feet black : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-5,
tail 2-2. Female. Above cinereous, wings and tail darker, the
former slightly edged with whitish : beneath white, with a faint
rosy tint.

Hab. Galapagos.

The females of this diminutive insular form show hardly any
or very faint traces of striations on the breast.

a, b. 3 ad. ; c. 2
ad. ; d-g. Jr. sk.
h, i. 3 2 a<i. sk.

Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos (Habel).

Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos (Habel).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Salvin [P.].

66. PYKOCEPHALTJS.

215

it. 3

j. 3 ad.
jr. sk.
I, m. 3 ad. sk.

n-r. 5 ad. sk.

s. 3 ad. ; i, ?<.

3 jr. sk.

v. c? ad. sk.

Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos (Habel).

Charles Island, Galapagos
(Markham).

Charles Island, Galapagos.

Bindloe Island, Galapagos
(Habel).

Galapagos.

w, x. 3 ad. ; y, s. Galapagos.

2 ad. sk.
a'. 3 ad.; b'-d'. Galapagos.

$ ad. sk.
e'. 2 ad. sk.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Coniinr. Cookson [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Capt. Kellett and Lt.

Wood [P.].
Lt. Burnett and Capt.

Fitzroy [P.].
C. Darwin [P.].

(Types of P. nanus.)
J. Gould, Esq. (Type
of P. dubius.)

4. Pyrocephalus obscurus.

Pyrocephalus obscurus, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ' Beagle] iii. p. 45
(1841) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, 1864, p. 176 (Mexico), et 1866,
p. 99 (Lima) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.

Pyrocephalus rubineus obscurus, Taez. Orn. Per. ii. p. 311.

Myiarchus atropurpureus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 156 (1845).

Of a uniform dark cinereous, with occasional slight points of
scarlet in some specimens ; belly slightly stained with rosaceous :
whole length 5"5 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-3. Female similar, but
not so dark.

Hah. Western Peru.

I should have been inclined to consider this bird only a dark
variety of P. rubineus, but such is not the opinion of those who
have met with it in a state of nature (cf. Jelski, in Tacz. Orn. Per.
ii. p. 312). I think there may have been some mistake about
the locality of the single specimen said to be from Mexico.

a. Ad. st.

b. Ad. sk.

c. 3 ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

e. 2 a(l- sk-

/, g. 3 2 ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
;'. Ad. st.

Lima, Peru.

Lima, Peru (Nation).
Lima, Peru (Jelski).
Callao, Peru (Markhani).
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru

(TJln'tely).
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru.
Peru.

Mexico (?).
Peru (?).

C. Darwin [C.].
(Type of P. obscurus.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godnian Coll.

H. Whitelv [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

216 TYEANSflDJE.

67. EMPIDOCHANES*. _

Type.
Empidocliones, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 228 (1862) E. Mngillarist.

Empidochanes is also not far removed from Myiohius, but the bill
is larger and longer, and the rictal bristles aro not so much deve-
loped. The species aro found in South America from Colombia to
South Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Under wing-coverts whitish.

a, Upper surface umber-brown; wing-bands ferru-

ginous :
I base of lower mandible light-coloured . . 1. fuscatus, p. 216.
| lower mandible wholly dark 2. fringillaris, p. 216.

b. Upper surface greyish brown ; wing-bands

greyish buff 3. arenaceus, p. 217.

B. Under wing-coverts deep ochraceous red :

j belly deep ochraceous 4. pwcilurus, p. 217.

| belly whitish 5. salvini, p. 218.

1. Empidochanes fuscatus.

Muscipeta fuscata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 902 ; Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 487.
Myiohius fuscatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188.

Empidochanes fuscatus, Ridgic. Ibis, 1886, p. 461 ; Scl. Ibis, 1887,
p. 65.

Similar to E. fringillaris, but lower mandible with basal half
light-coloured (Bidgivay).

Hah. South-east Brazil.

If this species is distinct from E. fringillaris, I am not acquainted
with it.

2. Empidochanes fringillaris.

Empidochanes olivus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 228 (part.) f.
Empidochanes fringillaris, Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 116 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 51 ; Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461 ; Sclater, Ibis, 1887,

p. 65.

Above umber-brown ; lores dark ; slight superciliary line whitish ;
wings blackish ; tips of greater and lesser coverts, forming two
distinct cross bars, and outer edges of secondaries light ferruginous ;
tail dark ashy brown : beneath pale greyish brown, belly yellowish
white; under wing -coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers
ochraceous ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 5'5
inches, wing 2- 6, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

a. $ ad. sk. Sapitiba, Brazil Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Bio, Brazil {Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Typical speci-

mens of JE. fringillaris, Pelz.)

* The following species is unknown to me : — Empidochanes poscilocercus,
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 181, from the interior of Brazil.

t In the Cat. Am. Birds specimens of this species and Empidonax bimactc-
latus were united under the title Empidochanes olivus.

67. EMPIDOCHANES. 217

c. Ad. sk. Santa Catarina, Brazil Sclater Coll.

( Rogers).

d. Ad. sk. Sauta Catarina, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Rogers).

e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Empidochanes arenaceus.
Empidockanes olivus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 228 ; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 51.
Ochthoeca arenacea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 20.
Empidockanes arenaceus, Scl. Ibis, 1887, p. 66.
Empidockanes vireoninus, Rick/to. Pois, 1886, p. 461.
Tyranuula trailli, Jard. Ann. N. H. xx. p. 330 (1817) (Tobago).

Above brown; line in front of the eyes and indistinct super-
ciliaries whitish ; wings and tail dark cinereous brown ; tips of
both series of wing-coverts, forming two transverse bands, and
outer margins of secondaries pale ochraceous : beneath pale ashy
brown, lighter on the throat; belly pale yellowish white; under
wing-coverts white ; inner margins of wing-feathers pale ochra-
ceous ; bill dark horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 5*5 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 2*7. Female similar.

Hob. Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonia.

This form differs from the preceding in its much paler colouring
above, there being much less rufous tint in the brown. There is
also less of the yellowish tinge on the belly. But the two species
are undoubtedly very closely allied, and in some cases hardly to be
distinguished.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of Ochthoeca arenacea.)

b. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Wliitehj).
e. Ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons ( Wal- Sclater Coll.

lace).

d. $ ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

lace).

e. $ ad. sk. S. Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Sclater Coll.
g-h. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll.
1. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

4. Einpidochanes poecilurus.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1879, p. 235; id. Orn. Fir. ii. p. 314.

Above cinereous, wings blackish ; tips of both scries of wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries more or less
ochraceous : tail blackish, greater part of the inner webs of all the
rectrices bright rufous : beneath pale buffy rufous, breast and
flanks more or less overrun with cinereous, under wing-coverts and

218 TYKANNID^.

inner margins of wing-feathers pale buffy rufous ; bill dark brown ;
feet blackish : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female
similar.

Uah. Colombia and Peru.

Peruvian specimens of this species have the under surface rather
darker and more rufous, and the red colour on the tail more
extended.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
6. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. 5 ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. Empidochanes salvini, sp. nov.
Empidochanes poecilurus ?, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 298.

Above dark cinereous ; wings blackish, with slight paler edgings
to the wing-coverts and external secondaries ; tail blackish, with
inner webs of the lateral rectrices sometimes more or less tinged
with rufous : beneath pale cinereous, whitish on the throat and
middle of the belly ; crissum and under wing-coverts ochraceous ;
bill blackish ; feet dark brown : whole length 5*6 inches, wing 2-8,
tail 2-6. Female similar.

Hah. Venezuela and British Guiana.

An example from Caracas (Levraud) is in the Paris Museum.

Mr. Salvin has not ventured to separate this form from E. poeci-
lurus, and I have some hesitation in doing so. One of the specimens
from Roraima has the rufous colour well developed on the inner
webs of the lateral tail-feathers, and unquestionably shows a tran-
sition towards E. poecilurus. But I think the Roraima bird may
fairly be separated by the cinereous colour below and rather darker
plumage above.

a, b. S ad.; c, d. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. ( Whitely). (Types of the species.)

e,f. <S ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
( Whitely).

68. MITREPHANES. „

Type.

Mitvepkoms, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 _ M. pheeocercus.

Mitrephanes, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI., vii. p. 55

(1882) M. phseocercus.

Mitrephanes is a form near to Empidonax, but with a crested
head, and the bill narrower and more depressed, and the wings and
tail proportionately longer. It is mostly restricted to Central
America from South Mexico to Panama, but one species is said to
occur in Peru.

68. MITEEPHANES. 219

Key to tlie Species.

A. Head slightly crested, not black; outer

web of outer tail-feather uniform.

a. Belly dark chestnut-brown like the breast. 1. ])h(SOcercus,Y>. 219.

b. Belly light ochreous.
Throat uniform with breast :

| larger; greenish above 2. aurantiiventris, p. 219.

J smaller ; not greenish above 3. ochraceiventris, p. 220.

b'. Throat whitish 4. capitalis, p. 220.

B. Head not crested, black; outer web of outer

tail-feather white 5. atriceps, p. 220.

I

1. Mitrephanes phseocercus.

Mitrephorus phreocercus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 44 ; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 442, pi. 14. fig. 2 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 122; iid. Nomencl. p. 51.

Mitrephanes phasocercus, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. vii. p. 55.

Above dusky olive, front and sides of head rufous ; crest darker,
wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverts, forming two
bands, and outer margins of external secondaries ochreous : beneath
dark chestnut-brown, middle of belly and erissum yellowish ; under
wing-coverts like the breast ; upper mandible dark, lower whitish ;
feet horn-colour : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-4. Female
similar.

Hub. Southern Mexico and Guatemala.

a, b. Ad. st.

Mexico.

Purchased.

c. Ad. sk.

Cordova, Mexico (Salle).

Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)

d. Ad. sk.

Presidio, Mexico (Forrer).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e,f. <$ jr.sk.

Ciudad Durango, Mexico

Salvin-Godman Coll.

et ad. sk.

(Forrer).

g. Ad. sk.

Jalapa, Mexico (Hbge).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. cJ ad. sk.

Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fenochio).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. <S ad. sk.

Mexico.

J. Gould, Esq.

j. Ad. sk.

Cohan, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Sclater Coll.

k. Ad. sk.

Vera Paz.

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

1, m. <S ad. sk.

Calderas, Volcan de Fuego
Guatemala (Salvin).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

n> o. 6 ? ad. sk.

Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala
(Salvin).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk.

Guatemala.

J. Gould, Esq.

2. Mitrephanes aurantiiventris.

Mitrephorus aurantiiventris, Laivrence, Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 173
(Costa Kica) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64.

Above olive-green, head slightly crested, rather darker, and
rufescent on the lores and cheeks : wings and tail blackish ; wing-
coverts tipped, and external secondaries edged with ochreous or
whitish : beneath chestnut -brown, passing into ochraceous yellow on

220 TYRAN3rrD.E.

the belly ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; upper mandible
dark, lower yellowish ; feet dark horn-colour : whole length 4*8
inches, wing 2'6, tail 2-3. Female similar.

Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua.

This is a closely allied southern representative of M. pliceocercus,
differing in the more greenish back, less rufous head, and yellowish
belly.

a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica {Rogers'). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Sclater Coll.

e. 2 Ad. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.

miol).

f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arce). Sclater Coll.

g-i. Jr. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad.sk. Chi tra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. cJ ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I, m. c? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. S ad. ; o. Ad. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.
sk.

3. Mitrephanes ochraceiventris.

Mitrephorus ochraceiventris, Cab. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 320; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 315.

Like M. aurantiiventris, but smaller, not green above, and much
brighter on the under surface. (Cabanis.)
Hab. Central Peru.
This species I have not yet met with.

4. Mitrephanes capitalis.

Myiobius capitalis, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 (Costa Rica) ;

Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 114; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51.
Mitrephanes capitalis, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua).

Above olive-green ; head slightly crested, cinereous; lores whitish ;
wings and tail dark ashy, tips of wiug-coverts and outer margins of
external secondaries rufous : beneath, throat whitish, breast dark
ochraceous brown, belly and under wing-coverts yellow ; bill dark
horn-colour ; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*4,
tail 2-2.

Hab. Costa Rica.

A very distinct species, hitherto only known from the typical
specimen. It may perhaps, as Mr. Ridgway suggests, be best
placed in this genus, but has shorter wings and a larger beak than
M. pJiosocercus.

a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

5. Mitrephanes atriceps.

Empidonax atriceps, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua) ; Scl: et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.

69. empidonax. 221

Mitrephanes atriceps, Ridgio. Pr. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 413 ; id. Ibis,
1886, p. 461.

Above fuscous olive, whole head deep black ; ring round the eye
white ; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts and margins of
external secondaries slightly edged with whitish ; outer web of
outer tail-feather white : beneath pale cinereous with au ochraceous
tinge, throat and middle of' the belly paler; under wing-coverts and
inner margins of the wing-feathers whitish ; upper mandible blackish,
lower whitish ; feet black : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2.
Female similar.

Hub. Costa Eica and Veragua.

A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its black head and
the white outer web of the external pair of rectrices.

a. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chiriqui {Arce). (Types of the species.)

69. EMPIDONAX.

Type.
Empidonax, Cab. J. f. 0. 1855, p. 480 E. pusillus.

" Tarsus lengthened, considerably longer than the bill, and ex-
ceeding the middle toe, which is decidedly longer than the hind toe.
Tail very slightly forked, even or rounded, a little shorter only
than the wings, which are considerably rounded ; the first primary
much shorter than the fourth. Head moderately crested. Colour
olivaceous above, yellowish beneath, throat generally grey." (N. A.
B, ii. p. 362.)

In this and the succeeding genera I have followed the arrange-
ment and borrowed the words of the Ornithologists of the United
States as closely as possible. They have had much better oppor-
tunities of studying these difficult birds, and I am quite content to
follow in their wake.

Mr. Eidgway has been kind enough to examine for me and correct
the determinations of the whole of my series of the genus Empidonax,
and I have kept closely to his views*.

Empidonax is most abundant in North and Central America, but
also extends through South America to Argentina.

Key to the Species.

A. Width of bill at nostrils decidedly greater
than half the length of the exposed
culmen.

«. Lower surface deep buff 1. fulvifrons, p. 222.

b. Lower surface whitish or yellowish.
a'. Upper surface umber-brown.

a". Flanks and crissum buff 2. albigularis, p. 223.

* See his paper on Empidonax, Ibis, 1S66, p. 461.

222 TYRANNID.E.

6''. Flanks and crissum whitish.

i Larger ; browner above 3. bimaculatus, p. 224.

| Smaller ; more olivaceous above. . 4. oliva, p. 224.
b'. Upper surface olive, olive-greenish, or
greyish,
c". Lower surface not distinctly yel-
lowish.
a3. First quill shorter than ninth . . 5. yrisei])ectus, p. 225.
b3. First quill longer than seventh.
fl'. Tail even or slightly rounded ;
size larger.
«5. Outer web of outer rectrix
not paler :
f less olivaceous above, and

less yellowish beneath 6. pusittus, p. 225.
<( more olivaceous above
and more yellowish

L beneath 7. trailli, p. 226.

¥. Outer web of outer rectrix

abruptly pale 8. ridgwayi, p. 227.

64. Tail slightly emarginate ; size

smaller 9. minimus, p. 227.

c3. First quill equal to or longer than

fifth 10. acadicus, p. 228.

d' '. Lower surface distinctly yellowish.

c4. Under wing-coverts pale buff 11. difficilis, p. 229.
d*. Under wing-coverts yellowish
white.
e5. Wing-bands not darker than

lower surface 12. Jlaviventris, p. 230.

d''. Wing-bands darker than
lower surface.

a6. Above dull olive 13. bairdi, p. 230.

bs. Above bright olive :

{beneath greenish yel-
low 14. salvini, p. 231.
beneath bright yellow. 15. jiavescens, p. 231.
B. Width of bill at nostrils less than half the
length of the exposed cidmen.

c. Outer web of outer tail-feather not ab-

ruptly paler 16. hammondi, p. 232.

d. Outer web of outer tail-feather abruptly

paler 17. obscurus, p. 232.

1. Empidonax fulvifrons.

Muscicapa fulvifrons, Giraud, B. of Texas, pi. 2. fig. 2.

Empidonax fulvifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 301 ; Ridgivcty, Ibis,

1886, p. 462 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344.
Mitrephorus fulvifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 ; id. Ibis, 1859,

p. 442 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.
Empidonax rubicundus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 70.
Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus, Iiidyio. Ibis, 1886, p. 463 ; id. Man.

N. A. B. p. 345.
Mitrephorus pallescens, Cones, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1866, p. 63 (Arizona).
Mitrephanes fulvifrons pallescens, Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 443.

69. EMTIDONAX. 223

Mitrepliorus fulvifrons, var. pallescens, Baird, Brew, et Ridqw. N. A
B. li. p. 386. *

Empidonax fulvifrons pallescens, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. p. 218.

Erupidonax pygmaeus, Coues, Ibis, 1865, p. 537 (Arizona).

Empidonax fulvifrons pygniaeus, Ridyw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463 ; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 345.

Above dull cinereous brown, with a slight fulvous tinge, rather
darker on the head ; front, lores, and cheeks fulvous ; wings blackish,
tips of both rows of coverts and outer margins of external secondaries
pale fulvous; tail dark cinereous, outer web of external rectrix
whitish: beneath deep ochraceous ; upper mandible dark, lower
whitish ; feet black : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2.
Female similar.

Hob. Mexico and Arizona.

Mr. Ridgway separates this species into two subspecies — M. ful-
vifrons rubicundus, from Southern Mexico, and M. fulvifrons pyg-
mceus, from North-western Mexico and Arizona, which is said to be
smaller and paler below; but the differences do not seem to be
material, and I am not able to realize them in the specimens
before me.

a, b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Mexico. A. Salle [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Quezaltenango, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvin).

f. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Empidonax albigularis.

Empidonax albigularis, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 ; iid. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 360 (Panama) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 229 •
Ridyw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 340.

Empidonax axillaris, Ridqw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363 : Salv. Ibis, 1874
p. 309.

Above umber-brown ; wings blackish, tips of both rows of wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries dull brownish
buff ; tail dark ashy brown : beneath pale smoky buff, breast ashy
brown, throat white ; under wing-coverts ochraceous ; upper man-
dible dark, lower whitish : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2*3,
tail 2-2. Female similar.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama.

This is a very distinct species, easily recognized by its white
throat and brown colour above.

a. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

c. c? ad. sk. Dueiias, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

d. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e>f <S a(i- sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

g. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

224 XYRAimrD^;.

3. Einpidonax bimaculatus.

Muscipeta bimaculata, cFOrb. etLafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 48 (1837); d'Or'i.

V,n,., Ois. p. 320.
Einpidonax bimaculatus, Scl. Ibis, 1887, p. 65 ; Scl. et Huds. Ary.

Oni. i. p. 155.
Empidochanes fuscatus, Bel. et Salv. Nomcncl. p. 51 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1867, p. 978, et 1872, p. 281 (E. Peru).
Empidochanes euleri, Cab. J.f. 0. 1868, p. 195 ; Reinh. Fuylef.

Camp. Bras. p. 142.
Einpidonax brmmeus, Ridyw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363 (1874) ; id. Lbis,

1886, pp. 460, 463.
Einpidonax brunnescens, Salvin, Pais, 1874, p. 309.
Empidochanes argentinus, Cab. J.f. O. 1868, p. 196 (?).

Above nmber-brown, more or less rufescent ; lores with a whitish
spot; wings blackish, all the coverts broadly tipped with pale rufous
or ochreous, forming two transverse bars; outer margins of external
secondaries of the same colour : tail brown, like the back, but not
rufescent : beneath dirty cinereous white, throat and belly lighter,
and with a more or less pronounced yellowish tinge ; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous ; upper man-
dible dark brown, lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length
5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-4.

Hab. South-east Brazil, Bolivia, and north of Argentine Re-
public.

The types of E. brunneus, Ridgway, which have been kindly sent
to me for examination, belong to the smaller form from the Argen-
tine Republic, which Cabanis has called E. argentinus. But I do
not see much ground for their specific separation. The type of
d'Orbigny's M. bimaculata agrees with the larger Brazilian form.

In accordance with Mr. Bidgway's views, I place this species in
the genus Einpidonax ; but it is so like Empidoehanes fringillaris,
that I am still not quite convinced that this is its correct position.
The shorter tarsi and white under mandible of the present bird
are the chief points which distinguish the two species.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil {Lund). Sclater Coll.

d. <3 ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

e. 5 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. <$ ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sid, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Joyner).

y, h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

?'. c? ad. sk. Pebas, Peru {Handioell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Empidonax oliva.

Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 574. fig. 2.
Muscicapa oliva, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 34.
Muscicapa agilis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 948.
Myiobius agilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188.

69. EMPIDONAX. 225

Empidocbanes olivus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578 (Lower

Amazons), et 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 51.
Empidonax oliva, Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 65.
Empidochanes altirostris, Cab. J. f. 0. 1868, p. 196 (Cartagena) ?

Above brown, with an olivaceous tinge ; a slightly lighter loral
spot ; wings blackish, with the tips of the coverts and outer edges
of the external secondaries pale rufous or ochraceous ; tail ashy
brown : beneath pale ashy white, lighter on the throat, and with a
strong yellowish tinge on the belly ; upper mandible dark brown,
lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-5,
tail 2-3.

Hub. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia.

This is a Northern form of E. bimaculatus, distinguished by its
slightly smaller size, less rufescent tinge above, and more yellowish
colour beneath. It is, perhaps, doubtful whether it is really entitled
to the name oliva (based upon PI. Enl. 57-4. fig. 2), but that name
has traditionally descended to one of this group of birds, and may
be assigned with more probability to this species than to any other.
I do not like to use the name altirostris of Cabanis for it without
being able to examine the type.

i. Ad. sk.

Guiana.

Sclater Coll.

>. Ad. sk.

Venezuela (Goering).

Sclater Coll.

>. d ad. sk.

Yquitos, Upper Amazon3
(Bartlett).

Salvin-Godman Coll,

1 Jr. sk.

Trinidad.

Zool. Soc. Coll.

5. Empidonax griseipectus.

Empidonax . ?, Scl Cat. A. B. p. 229, sp. 1405.

Empidonax griseipectus, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 236 (Puna Is.) ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 365 ; id. Ibis,
1886, p. 464 : Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558 (W. Ecuador).

First quill shorter than the ninth : above deep olive, the hind
neck more greyish, and top of head dull slaty : wing-bands very
sharply defined, dull white or very pale olive-greyish, in conspicuous
contrast with the blackish general colour of the wings ; lower parts
greyish white, shaded with dull greyish across the breast, and tinged
with pale sulphur-yellow : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2*33, tail
2-3. Female similar, but slightly smaller.

Hah. Ecuador.

a, b. c? ^ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

6. Empidonax pnsillus.

Tyrannula pusilla, Sw. et Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 144, pi. 46.

Platyrkyncnus pusillus, Sir. PMl. Mag. 1*27, p. SCO.

Empidonax pusillus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 104 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1855,

p. 480 (Cuba) ; Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 441 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ;

Cab. et Hein.Mus. Hein. ii. p. 70; Gundl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 410 (Cuba),

et 1871, p. 286 (Cuba) ; Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, p. 4, et 1863, p. 58 ;

vol. xrv. Q

226 TYRANNIDJE.

Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 420 (Vancouver Is.) ; Ridgio. P. U. S. N. M.
i. p. 425 (C. California), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua) ; id. Ibis, 1886,
p. 464; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 343; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii.
p. 3 ; Hart I. J.f. O. 1883, p. 267 (Alaska) ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgio.
B. N. A. ii. p. 366; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442.

Above olive, usually decidedly greyer on head : wing-bands in
adult varying from dull brownish grey or greyish brown to nearly
white ; in young deep buff or ochraceous ; lower parts white, tinged
posteriorly with sulphur-yellow, and shaded on sides of breast with
olive-greyish : whole length 5 inches, wing 2*7, tail 2-5. Female
similar but rather smaller.

Hah. "Western North America (in summer) and south to Mexico.

«. Ad. sk. Utah, U. S. A. (Ridgway). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Utah, U. S. A. {E. W. Nelson). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Fort Steilacoom, U. S. A. Sclater Coll.

(Baird).
rf.Ad.sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. H.K. Coale,Esq.[P.].

e. Ad. sk. Brit. Columbia (J. K. Lord). N. A. Bound. Comm.

[P.].
/. Ad. sk. Brit. Columbia. J. K. Lord [C.].

g. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. A. Bound. Comm.

[P.].
L Mn
Ad. sk. Repulse Bay, Arct. Am. Dr. J. Rae

h. Ad. sk. Fort Simpson, Arct. America. A. Murray [C.].

[C.J.

7. Empidonax trailli.

Muscicapa traillii, Ami. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 236; id. B. Am. i. p. 234,

pi. 65.
Empidonax traillii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 193 ; Cab. et Hem. Mus.

Hein. ii. p. 70; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 229; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.

viii. pp. 8, 290, et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et p. 201 (Yucatan) ;

Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas) ;

Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M.

ii.p.4 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan) ; Nehrling,J.f. O.

1883, p. 92 (Illinois) ; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 441.
Empidonax pusillus, var. traillii, Baird, Brew, et Ridgio. N. A. B.

ii. p. 369; Ridgio. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois) ; id. Ibis,

1886, p. 464 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 343 ; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M.

i. p. 137 (Texas) ; Nehrling, J.f. O. 1883, p. 92 (Illinois).
Empidonax traillii, var. pusillus, Henshato, Ann. Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 8

(Utah).

Similar 1 o E. pusillus, but more decidedly olivaceous above and
more distinctly tinged with yellow beneath ; the bill shorter and
broader, and the tarsus shorter.

Hah. Eastern North America (in summer), and south to Panama
and Western Ecuador.

a, b. Ad. st. N. America. Sir J. Richardson [P.].

c! d. <$ $ ad. sk. Pembina, U. S. A. ( Coues). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Washington, D. C. (Paine). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk. U. S. A. (Baird). Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. U. S. A. (Bell). Sclater Coll.

69. EMPIDONAX 227

h. Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll.

chrast).

i. c? ad. sk. San Jose, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j-l. tS ad. sk. Panama (McLeantian). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

», o. c? ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

8. Empidonax ridgwayi.
Empidonax ridgwayi, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 50.

Above dark olive-green, lores and rim round the eye whitish ;
wings slaty black, tips of both rows of wing-coverts and outer mar-
gins of external secondaries whitish, slightly tinged with ochraceous ;
tail slat}7 black ; outer web of external rectrix whitish : beneath
dirty white, clearer in the middle of the throat ; lower belly and
crissum tinged with yellowish ; under wing-coverts white ; upper
mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish ; feet black : whole length
5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2"3.

Hab. Int. of Colombia.

Like E. trailli in colour, but with the outer web of the external
rectrix white, as in E. obscurus.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)

9. Empidonax minimus.

Tyrannula minima, W. 31. et S. F. Baird, Proc. Acad. Philad. i.

p. 283 (1843) ; Aud. B. Am. viii. p. 226, pi. 491.
Empidonax minimus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 195 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1859, p. 384 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Sclat.

et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58 ; Dresser, Ibis,

1865, p. 474 (Texas) ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 372 ;

Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York) ; Ridgiv. Ann. Lye.

N. Y. x. p. 370 (Illinois) ; id. Lbis, 1886, p. 465 ; id. Man. N. A. B.

p. 343 ; Breivst. Ann . Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 143 ( West Virginia) ;

Brewer, P. U.S. K M. ii! p. 5 (eggs) ; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i.

p. 137 (Texas) ; Cones, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1879, p. 235 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 315 (?) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 448 (Yucatan) ; Nehrlinq, J.f. 0. 1883, p. 92 (Illinois) ; Turner,

P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 242 (Labrador).
Empidonax pectoralis, Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 402 (Panama).
Empidonax minimus, var. pectoralis, Ridgiv. N. A. B. ii. p. 364.
Empidonax gracilis, Ridgw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23 (1886); id.

P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 671 (Cozumel).

Hardly distinguishable in colour from E. pusillus and E. trailli,
but tail slightly forked, and much smaller in size : whole length
4*6 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2-1. Female similar.

Hab. Eastern North America, and southwards in winter to
Panama and (perhaps) Peru.

a. Ad. st. North America. Sir J. Richardson [P.].

b, c. Ad. sk. Fort Dufferin. N. A. Bound. Comm.

[P.].
q2

228

TYRANNIDiE.

d, e. S 2 ad. 8k.
/. Ad. sk.

ff-i. Ad. sk.
j-n. Ad. sk.

o-q. Ad. st.

r. $ ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.

t. Ad. sk.

w. Ad. sk.

v. Ad. sk.

w. Ad. sk.

.r-z. Ad. sk.

a'-i'. Ad. sk.
/, ft'. Ad. sk.

V. 2 ad. sk.
mi'. $ ad. sk.
w'. Jr. sk.

o'. Ad. sk.
p', q'. Ad. sk.
r', s'. Ad. sk.
«', u'. tf 2 ad- sk
v'. Ad. sk.
?</. J ad. sk.

x\ Ad. sk.

y

Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
6", c". Ad. sk.

Pembina, U. S. A. ( Coues).
Forty-ninth Parallel.

Fort Simpson.

Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale).

Michigan.

Pennsylvania (Bell).

Washington (Drexler).

U. S. A.

Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri).

Mexico (Boucard).

Northern Yucatan (Devis).

Northern Yucatan (Gaunter).

Cozumel I. , Yucatan ( Gaumer).

Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gau-
mer).

Jolbox I., Yucatan (Gaumer).

Belize, Honduras (Salvin).

Sources of Eio de la Pasion,
Guatemala (Salvin).

Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin).

Duenas, Guatemala (Fraser).

Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala (Salvin).

Pine Forest, Volcan de
Fuego, Guatemala (Salvin).

Guatemala ( Salvin fyGodman).

Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvui).

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama (McLeannan).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
N. A. Bound. Comm.

PP.].
B. It. Ross [C.l.
Sclater Coll.
Prof. Steere [P.],
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Codman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

10. Empidonax acadicus.

Muscicapa acadica, Om. S. N. i. p. 947 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 489.

Muscicapa querula, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 77, pi. 13. fig. 3.

Empidonax acadicus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 197 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 70; Laior. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 265 (Cuba), et viii.
p. 290 ; Gundl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 328, 1862, p. 189, et 1872, p. 427
(Cuba) ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas) ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Ridgiv. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illi-
nois) ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 465 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 342 ; Baird, Brew,
et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 374 ; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137
(Texas) ; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 5 ; Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883,
p. 91 (Elmois); Berl. et Tccz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558 (W. Ecuador) ;
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 441.

Empidonax bairdi, Laivr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama).

Empidonax griseigularis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 471 (Panama) :
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.

Empidonax acadicus, var. griseigularis, Baird, Brew, et Ridyiv. N.
A. B. ii. p. 365.

First quill usually equal to, or longer than, fifth ; above uniform
olive-green or greenish grey ; wing-bands buff or buffy whitish ;

69. EMPIDONAX.

229

lower parts white, more or less tinged with sulphur-yellow pos-
teriorly, and (usually very faintly) shaded across the. breast with
olive or greyish : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-3. Female
similar, but smaller.

Hah. Eastern North America and South through Mexico and
Central America to Western Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk.

b, c. 2 ad- sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. 5 ad- sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h-l. Ad. sk.

m. Ad. sk.
n, o. 3 ad. sk.

North America.

Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale).
New York, U. 8. A. (Lawrence).
Washington, D.C. (Ridgivag).
Washington, D.C. (Drexler).
U. S. A. (Baird).
Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras

(Gaumer).
Costa Rica (Endres).
Esineraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

Sir J. Richardson

[P.].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godnian Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

11. Empidonax difficilis.

Empidonax difficilis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 198; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 230 ; Eidffw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 425 (C. California), v. p. 531,

et vi. p. 3-48 (Lower California) ; id. Ibis, 1880, p. 406 ; id. Man.

N. A. B. p. 340; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 2; Bean, P. U.S.

N.M. v. p. 161 (Alaska).
Empidonax flaviventris, var. difficilis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B.

ii. p. 380; Henshaw, Ann. Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah): Cones, Ken

N. A. B. 1884, p. 442.

Under wing-coverts pale buff, deepening into dull ochraceous on
edge of wing ; above dull greyish olive (more brownish in winter),
the wing-bands dull light buffy greyish (more buffy in winter) ;
lower parts dull pale yellowish, inclining to pale sulphur-yellow on
belly and lower tail-coverts, and shaded with dull greyish brown
across breast : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-3. Female
similar.

Hah. Western North America and Western Ecuador.

This seems to be the Western form of E. flaviventris, and to be
very closely allied to that species.

a. 3 ad. sk.

b. 2 ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad.sk.

e. ^ jr. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. 3 ad. ;

h. Ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.

./. 3 ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.

Orcas Island, N.W. America.
Saturn Island, N.W. America.
Vancouver Island.
California (Bridges).
Kernville, California (Henshaiv)
Mazatlan, W. Mexico.
Mazatlan (Forrer).

Dr. Lyall [C.l
Dr. Lyall [O.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
R. B. Sharpe [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Plains of Colima, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Xantus).

Presid;o, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman ColL

230

TTRANNIDiE.

12. Empidonax flaviventris.

Tyrannula flaviventris, Baird, Proc. Acad. Philad. i. p. 283 (1843).

Empidonax flaviventris, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 198 ; Sclater, F. Z. S.
1859, p. 366 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229 ; Sclat. et
Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et
1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Laivr. Ann. Lye.
N. Y. viii. pp. 8, 290, et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 475 (Texas) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ;
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; Baird, Brew, et Bidgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 378 ; Bidgio. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois) ;
id. P. U.S. 2V. M. vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua) ; id. Fbis, 1886, p. 466 ;
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 341 ; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137
(Texas) ; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 4 ; Nehrling, J. f. 0. 1883,
p. 91 (Illinois) ; Turner, P. U.S. JV. M. viii. p. 242 (Anticosti) ;
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442.

Empidonax hypoxanthus, Baird, MS.

Under wing-coverts yellowish white or pale sulphur-yellow ;
wing-bands not darker (usually paler) than lower parts : above dull
olive-green, the wing-bands pale olive-yellowish in adult, buffy in
young ; lower parts pale dull sulphur-yellow, shaded with olive
across breast : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-1. Female
similar.

Hab. Eastern North America, and south through Mexico and
Central America to Panama.

a. Ad. st. North America.

b. Ad. st. North America.
c,d. Ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale).
e,f. Ad. sk. Illinois {Coale).
g. Ad. sk. Nova Scotia.
h. Ad. sk. Pennsylvania (Bell).
i. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca),
j. Ad. sk Retalhuleu,'Guatemala(<S«/w'«).

k. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).

I. Ad. sk. Choctum (Salvin).

m. Ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin).

n. Ad. sk. Duefias (Salvin).

o. S ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

p. Ad. ; q. Costa Rica (Carmiol).

$ ad. sk.

r. 2 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

s. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce).

t. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).

Sir J. Richardson

[P.].
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
R. B. Sharpe [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

13. Empidonax bairdi.

Empidonax bairdii, Scl. P. Z.S. 1858, p. 301 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 442 ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 230 ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36 ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 52 ; Laior. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama) ; Baird, Brew,
et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363 ; Bidgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 466 ; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 341.

"Wing-bands darker than lower parts : above dull olive, the wing-

69. EMPIDONAX. 231

bands dull light olive, sometimes inclining to russet ; lower parts
pale olive-yellowish, more decidedly olivaceous on breast ; edge of
wing dull ochraceous or fulvous : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-7,
tail 2-5.

Hub. Mexico.

The much duller colour above seems to distinguish this from the
next two species.

a. Ad. sk. Cordova (Salle). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll.

14. Empidonax salvini.

Empidonax salvini, Ridgw. lbk, 1886, pp. 459, 467 ; id. Man. N. A
B. p. 341.

Similar to E. bairdi, but much more brightly coloured, the upper
parts olive-green instead of olive-brown, the lower parts brighter
and clearer yellow, shaded across breast and along sides with olive-
green instead of brownish ; wing-bands light greenish olive instead
of ochreous brown, and under wing-coverts pale greenish yellow
(almost sulphur-yellow) instead of deep brownish ochre : whole
length 5-1 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hob. Guatemala.

This form is almost exactly intermediate between E. bairdi of
Southern Mexico and E. flavescens of Costa Eica — so much so, in
fact, that it is not easy to decide to which of the two it is most
nearly related. In the colour of the upper parts it is more like the
latter than the former, and the colour of the wing-bands is almost
exactly the same. The yellow of the lower parts, however, is not
quite so deep, the breast is a decidedly more greenish olive, and the
under wing-coverts much paler yellow. (Ridgiuay.)

a. 2 ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Sclater Coll.

Diego (Salvin).

b. S ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Sclater Coll.

(Salvin).

c. S ad. ; Calderas (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. $ ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk. Clioctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin [C.].

i. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Const ancia) . Sclater Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.].

15. Empidonax flavescens.

Empidonax flavescens, Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 133, et ix
p. 115 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) :
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua) ; Scl. et ,Salv. Nomencl. p. 52;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica) ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw
N. A. B. ii. p. 363 ; Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 467.

a.

Ad. sk.

b.

Ad. sk.

c.

Ad. sk.

d,

e. 6 2 ad.

sk.

/■

Ad. sk.

9,

h. 6 $ ad.

sk.

i.
j-

Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

232 TYRANNID.E.

Empidonax viridescens, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 413 (Costa
Rica).

Above bright greenish olive (varying to tawny olive), the wing-
bands more ochraceous : lower parts bright sulphur-yellow, faintly
shaded across breast with tawny olive ; edge of wing varying from
light saffron-yellow to deep ochraceous buff: whole length 5 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 2-3. Female similar.

Hob. Costa Rica and Veragua.

A smaller southern form of E. salvini, but much darker on the
breast.

Costa Rica (Rogers). Sclater Coll.

Costa Rica (Boucai-d). Sclater Coll.

Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Costa Rica. Purchased.

Southern slope, Volcan de Chi- Salvin-Godman Coll.

riqui (Arce).

Chiriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

16. Empidonax hammondi.

Tyrannula hammondii, De Vesey, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1858, p. 117.

Empidonax hammondii, Baird, B. iV. Am. p. 199 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 230 ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. 2V. A. B. ii. p. 383 ; Henshaw,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 426
(C. California) ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 467 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344 ;
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 1 (eggs) ; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884,
p. 443.

Above olive, usually more greyish anteriorly, especially on hind
neck ; wing-bands dull light olive-greyish ; lower parts varyiug
from dull greyish white, faintly tinged posteriorly with sulphur-
yellow, to decided olive-yellowish, the breast always strongly shaded
with olive or olive-greyish, the throat never distinctly whitish :
whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2'3.

Hab. Western North America.

a. Ad. sk. N. America (Kenneriy). Sclater Coll.

17. Empidonax obscurus.

Tyrannula obscura, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.

Empidonax obscurus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 200 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1862, p. 19 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 230 ; Scl. et Sah: Nomencl.

p. 52 ; Henshaw, Ann. Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah) ; Baird, Brew.

et Ridgjv. JY. A. B. ii. p. 381 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 426

(California) ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 468 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344 ;

Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 1 (eggs) ; Coues, Key N. A. B.

1884, p. 443.
Empidonax fulvipectus, Laivr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 11 (1871)

(City of Mexico) ; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 310 ; Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.

p. 364 ; id. Ms, 1886, p. 468; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 344.

70. LAWEENCIA. 233

Above greyish, more or less suffused with olive ; wing-bauds and
external margins of outer secondaries whitish and usually well
shown ; tail dark grey, with the whole outer web of the external
rectrix distinctly pale dirty white : beneath pale greyish, darker ou
the breast and more or less suffused with fulvous ; upper mandible
dark, lower light ; feet blackish : whole length 55 inches, wing 2-8,
tail 2'5. Female similar.

Hah. California, Arizona, and Mexico.

The more or less clearly defined white outer web of the external
rectrix serves to identify this rather variable species. The type of
Mr. Lawrence's E. fulvvpectus agrees so nearly with some of my
Mexican skins from La Parada, that I do not venture to keep them
apart.

a. cj ad. sk. West Humboldt Mts., U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Ridgivay).

b. c? ad. sk. Fort Bridger, Utah, U. S. A. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

(Dre.vle?').

c. Ad. sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. (Mollhausen). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. San Jose, California (Xantus). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Saticoy, California (J. G. C). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f,ff- J 2 ad. sk. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll.

re?-),

h. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.

i. d ad. sk. La Parada, Mexico (Salle). Purchased.

J. Ad. sk. La Parada (Salle). Sclater Coll.

k-m. $ ad. sk. La Parada (Boueard). Sclater Coll.

n. S ad. ; o. Villa de Elta, Mexico (Bou- Sclater Coll.

Ad. sk. card),

p. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

q, r. Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

s. Ad. sk. Mexico (?). Salvin-Godman Coll.

70. LAWRENCIA.

Type.

Lawrencia, Ridgiv. Auk, 1886, p. 382 L. nana.

" Wings very much rounded ; the first quill shortest, the second
not longer than the secondaries ; fifth and sixth longest ; tarsus
long ; bill small, much depressed, triangular ; rictal bristles strong ;
tail nearly as long as the wing, slightly rounded." (Ridgway.)

This monotype, from S. Domingo, is said by Mr. Eidgway to be
exceedingly different in structure from Empidonace.

1. Lawrencia nana.

Empidonax nanus, Laior. Ibis, 1 875, p. 380 ; Cory, Birds of Haiti and

S. Domingo, p. 82 (1885).
Lawrencia nana, Ridgw. Auk, 1886, p. 383 ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 461.

Above olive, browner on rcmiges and rectrices, greyer on head ;
wing-coverts with two whitish bands ; lower parts whitish tinged
with sulphur-yellow. Length 4-4 inches. (Ridgway.)

Hub. S. Domingo.

234 TYKANNID^.

71. CONTOPUS*. w

Type.

Contopus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1855, p. 479 . C. virens.

Syrichta, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. i. p. 133

(1854) C. ardesiacusf.

Nuttallornis, Ridyio. Man. N. A. B. p. 337 (1887) C. borealis.

" Tarsus very short, but stout, less than the middle toe and
scarcely longer than the hinder toe, considerably less than the
culmen. Bill quite broad at the base, wider tban half the culmen.
Tail moderately forked. Wings very long and much pointed,
reaching beyond the middle of the tail ; the first primary about
equal the fourth." {Ridgway, N. A. B.'\\. p. 350.)

Contopus is distributed all over North and South America down
to the Argentine Republic, but is not found in Cbili or Patagonia.

Key to the Species.

A. Larger-sized series ; wing 3"5 or more.

a. Middle line of abdomen white 1. borealis, p. 234.

b. Middle line of abdomen not white.
a'. Under surface grey.

a". Wing longer, more than 3-5.
a'". Bill longer.

Larger ; head lighter .... 2. pertinax, p. 235.
Smaller ; head darker .... 3. lugubris, p. 236.

b'". Bill shorter 4. brachyrhynchus, p. 236.

b". Wing shorter, not more than 35 . . 5. ardesiacus, p. 237.
b'. Under surface ochraceous 6. ochraceus, p. 237.

B. Smaller-sized series ; wing less than 3-5.

c. Wing longer; first primary exceeding

fifth:

i breast lighter 7. virens, p. 238.

| breast darker 8. richardsoni, p. 239.

d. Wing shorter ; first primary shorter than

fifth 9. brachytarsus, p. 240.

1. Contopus borealis.

Tyrannus borealis, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 141, pi. 35 (1831).

Muscicapa cooperi, Nutt. Man. i. p. 282 (1832).

Contopus cooperi, Cab. Journ.f. Om. 1855, p. 479, et 1861, p. 248;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 72.
Muscicapa inornata, Nutt. MS. (cf. Man. i. p. 282).
Contopus borealis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 188 ; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 230 ;

Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115 ; Ridgw. Ann. L. N. Y.

x. p. 376 (Illinois) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas) ; Frantz.

J.f 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 199 (Ve-

* Species not yet known to me are: —

(1) Contopus plebeius, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71 ; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 248 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 319 (Peru).

(2) Contopus pUeatus, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 21 (loc. ign.).

(3) Contopus depressirostris, Eidgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua),
t Cf. Gray, Hand-1. i. p. 362.

71. CONTOPUS. 235

ragua); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.^.Z2; Baird,Brew.etRidgio.N.A.B.
ii. p. 353 ; Merrill, P. U.S. A. M. i. p. 137 (Texas) ; Ridgw. P.
U.S. N. M. i. p. 424; Salv. et Godm.Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Malta);
Kehrling, J.f. O. 1883, p. 90 (Illinois) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22
(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 316; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 337 ;
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 438.
Contopus mesoleucus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Phis, 1859,
p. 440; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122.

Above ash}- black, head darker ; wings and tail blackish, with
slight whitish edgings to the outer secondaries : beneath dark ashy,
throat, middle of breast, and belly creamy white : a large fluffy
patch of white feathers on each side of the rump beneath the wings ;
under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill horn-colour, at the base beneath
white ; feet black : whole length 7"3 inches, wing 4'3, tail 3.
Female similar.

Hah. North America (in summer), and southwards throughout
Mexico and Central America to Colombia.

This is a very distinct species. The highly developed white tufts
on the flanks and white mesial line beneath render it easily recog-
nizable.

a. Ad. sk. Vancouver I. J. K. Lord [C.].

b, c. Ad. sk. West side of Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C.].

d. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N. A. N. A. Bound. Conim.

[P.].

e. S ad. sk. Lake of the Woods. N. A. Bound. Conini.

[P.].

f. f? ad. sk. Broken-head River. N. A. Bound. Goinm.

[P.].

g. Ad. sk. Canada (Bush). Tweeddale Coll.

h. Ad. sk. California. Lord Walsingham

[P.].

i. Ad. sk. San Francisco. Sclater Coll.

j. 2 ad. sk. Fort Stockton, Texas (Dtifry). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.

I. Ad. sk. South Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Sakin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Salvia). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p, q. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Co-ta Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. P ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.

t. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

u. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Contopus pertinax.

Contopus pertinax, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 72 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 231 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Baird, Breio. et

Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 356 ; Coues, Key N. A. B. p. 438 ; Ridgic.

Man. N. A. B. p. 337.
Contopus borealis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 301, et 1859, p. 44 ;

id. Pois, 1859, p. 440; Scl. et Salv. Pois, 1859, p. 122.

Above cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tint, wings and tail

236

TYRANNID^!.

darker : beneath paler, -with a strong ochraceous tinge on the
abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts ; flanks with a concealed
white patch ; upper mandible brown, lower yellowish ; feet black :
whole length 7 inches, wing 4-4, tail 3-4. Female similar.

Hah. Mexico, Arizona, and Guatemala.

The nearly uniform colour and ochraceous tinge of the abdomen
distinguish this species.

a. Ad. st. Mexico. M. Salle [C.].

b. Ad. sk. North Mexico ( Ward). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.

d. $ ad. sk. Plains of Colima, W. Mexico Salvin-Godnian Coll.

(Xantus).

e. Ad. sk. Mexico. A. Salle" [C.].

/. S jr. ; g. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.

Ad. sk. (Forrer).

h. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

i. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Hoge). Salvin-Godtnan Coll.

j. Ad.sk. Volcan deAgua, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

vin).
h. $ ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Guatemala (Salvm).
I, m. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvm).
n. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Sclater Coll.

(Salvin).
o. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

3. Contopus lugubris.

Contopus lugubris, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 134, ix. p. 115
(Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ; Salvin,
Ibis, 1874, p. 310.

Contopus pertinax, var. lugubris, Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 351.

Similar to C. pertinax, but smaller in size and darker in colour ;
wing 3-8 inches.

Hah. Costa Rica and Veragua.

a. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Contopus brachyrhynchus.

Contopus brackyrkynckus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 214 ; Scl. et Huds.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 155.

Above cinereous, lores whitish ; wings and tail blackish, with
slight whitish edgings to the wing-coverts and outer secondaries :
beneath paler, whitish in the middle of the belly ; flanks with a
concealed white patch ; bill above brown, beneath pale ; feet black :
whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3*2.

Hah. Prov. Tucuman, Argentine Republic.

Nearest to 0. pertinax, but pure cinereous above, and without the
ochraceous tinge below.

a. $ ad. sk. Tucuman (Schuh). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen.)

71. CONTOPTJS. 237

5. Contopus ardesiacus.

Tyrannula ardosiaca, Lafr. P. Z. 1844, p. 80 (Bogota).

Sayornis aidosiaca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.

Contopus ardesiacus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1855, p. 479; Scl. P. Z. 8. 1859,

pp. 44, 144, et 1860, p. 92 (Ecuador) ; 8d. et Salt. Komencl. p. 52 ;

iid. P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 615 (Bolivia) ; Tacz.

P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 539, 1879, p. 235, et 1882, p. 21 ; id. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 317 ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, 1884, p. 297, et 1885,

p. 92 (Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. Guiana).
Myioehanes ardesiacus, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 71 : Scl, Cat.

A. B. p. 232.

Above dark cinereous, crown rather blacker ; wings and tail
smoky black : beneath similar but rather paler, especially on the
middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill brown,
beneath paler ; feet blackish : whole length 6#5 inches, wing 3'8,
tail 3*2. Female similar.

Hub. Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

This is not quite a typical Contopus, the wings being rather
shorter than in the other species.

a, b. c? $ ad. Boraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.

c. cS ad. sk. Twek-quey mt,, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brit. Guiana ( Whitely).

d. Jad.sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
<?. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

{Salmon).

g. $ ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. (S ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

;. Ad. sk. Ninabamba, C. Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

A: 2 ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Jelski). Salviu-Godman Coll.

/, m. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ley).

6. Contopus ochraceus.

Contopus ochraceus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 419 (Costa Rica) ;
iid, Komencl. p. 52 ; Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 115, et 1874, p. 313 ;
Ridyway, Ris, 1883, p. 401.

Above brownish olive, darker on the head ; wings and tail ashy
black, the wing-coverts and secondaries edged externally with
ochraceous : beneath deep ochraceous, paler on the throat and more
yellowish on the belly ; bill above blackish, beneath yellowish :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2*9.

Bab. Costa Bica.

The ochraceous colour below at once distinguishes this species.

a. Ad.sk, Costa Bica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

238 TTRAjramE.

Contopus virens.

Muscicapa virens, Linn. S. X. i. p. 327.

Muscicapa querula, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 68, pi. 39.

Miwcicapa rapax, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 81, pi. 13. f. 5.

Myiarchus virens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150.

Contopus virens, Baird, B. X. Am. p. 190; Gundl. Journ. f. Orn.
1855, p. 479, 1861, pp. 328, 416, et 1872, p. 424 (Cuba) ; Cab.
et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 71 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43 ; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 231 ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 248 (Costa Eica) ; Scl. et Salv.
Ibis, 1859, pp. 122, 441; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, etp. 360 (Panama), et
1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865,
p. 474 (Texas) ; Later. Ann. Lye. X. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115 (Costa
Eica) ; Ridgw. Ann. L. X. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois) ; Franks. J. f. O.
1869, p. 308 (Costa Eica) ; Merrill, P. U. S. X. M. i. p. 137 (Texas) ;
Boncard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Eica) ; <S'«/i\ et Godtn. Ibis,
I860, p. 125 (Santa Blarta ) : Nehrling, J. f. 0. 1883, p 90 (Illinois) ;
Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. X. A. B. ii. p. 357 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 22 ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 318 ; Coues, Key X. A. B. 1884, p. 439;
Ridgw. Man. X. A. B. p. 338.

Tyrannula bogotensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190.

Contopus bogotensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 459; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 231 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (W. Indies).

Contopus albicollis, Later. Ann. X. Y. Ac. Sc. iii. p. 156 ; Ridgw.
Man. X. A. B. p. 338 (Yucatan) ?

Above olive-plumbeous, crown ratber darker ; wings and tail
blackish, wing-coverts and outer secondaries with more or less of
whitish edgings : beneath dirty white, breast and flanks more or
less tinged with cinereous ; belly more or less faintly tinged with
yellowish ; bill above dark, beneath yellowish white ; feet blackish ;
first primary longer than the fifth : whole length 6 inches, wing 3'4,
tail 2-7. Female, similar.

Hah. Eastern Xorth America, and south through Mexico and
Central America to Colombia and Ecuador.

I am a little doubtful about Contopus albicoUis of Yucatan, of
which Mr. Lawrence has kindly lent me the type. Eut on the
whole I am inclined to regard it as a pale-coloured example of the
present species. Some of the specimens from Euatan come very
near it.

a-g. Ad. at Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.

h, i. cJ ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. H. K. Coale, Esq.

[P.].

j, k. Ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [C.].

/. Ad. sk. Indiana, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Niagara Falls, U. S. A. J. Gould [C.].

n. Ad. sk. Portsmouth, X.H., U. S. A.(Coues). Sclater Coll/

o. d ad.sk. Washington, D.C., U.S.A. {Mc- Sclater Coll.

Guire).

p. Ad. sk. Washington, D.C., U. S. A. (Drex- Sclater Coll.

ler).

q. cJ ad. sk. College Woods, Distr. of Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll.

U. S. A. (Coues).

71. CONTOPTJS.

239

r. Ad. sk. Cuba.

s. c? ad. sk. Mexico (Salle).

t,u. Ad.sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).

v-c'. Ad. sk. Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras
( Gaumer).

d'. Ad. sk. Guatemala.

e'. Ad. sk. CalovevorafYeragua (Arce).

f, g'. Ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcan de
Chiriqui (Arce),

h'. 2 jr. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).

i'-k'. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).

I'. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce).

m'. 2 ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons).

n'. Ad. sk. Bogota.

o'. Ad. sk. Bogota.

ff. J ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser).

q'. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

r', s'. Jr. sk. Puna I., Gulf of Guayaquil (Buck-
ley).

t', u'. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
L. Fraser [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Contopus richardsoni.

Tyrannula richardsoni, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 146, pi. 46.
Contopus richardsonii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 189 ; Scl, Cat. A. B.

p. 231 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et 1879, p. 615

(Bolivia) ; iid. Komencl. p. 52 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas) ;

Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 115 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. O.

1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ;

Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.

p. 425 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, 1884, p. 297, et 1885,

p. 92 (Ecuador) ; Pidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 338.
Contopus sordidulus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43 ; id. Lbis, 1859,

p. 441 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122.
Contopus virens, var. richardsoni, Baird, Brew, et Ridgic. N. A. B.

ii. p. 360 ; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 440.

Similar to C. virens, but darker above and beneath ; the breast
more covered with cinereous, and the belly without any olivaceous
tinge.

Hah. Western ISTorth America, and south through "Western
Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and perhaps Bolivia.

It is in many cases very difficult to decide whether southern
specimens should be referred to this form or to the Eastern
C. virens.

a-d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.

/•

g. $ ad. sk.
h. Ad.sk.
i. Ad. sk.
j, k. Ad. sk.
1. Ad. sk.

West side of Rocky Mountains.

California (Griiber).

Upper Missouri and Yellowstone,

U. S. A. (Warren).
Presidio, Mexico (Forrer).
Mexico (Salle).
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

J. K. Lord [C.l.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

240 TYRANNID2E.

7n, n. Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin [C.].

q. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

r. 2 ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. c? ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin [P.].

t-v. Ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.

to. Ad. sk. San Jose, Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll.

x. Jr. sk. West coast of America. Capt. Kellett and

Lt. Wood [P.l

y. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

z. 2 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

a'. 2 ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

b'. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c'. Ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Contopus brachytarsus.

Enrpidonax brachytarsus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 441 (Mexico) ; Laivr.

Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 327(Panama).
Contopus brackytarsus, Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 354 ; id. P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 199 (Veragua) ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 231 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1864, p. 360 (Panama), 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868,

pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela) ; Laior.

Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 89 (Costa Rica) ; Wliite, P. Z. S. 1882,

p. 608 (Arg. Rep.) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vii. p. 173 (Trinidad) ;

id. Man. N. A. B. p. 339; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156.
Empidonax andinus, Taez. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235

(Peru).
Contopus punensis, Latvr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna Is.) ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 474, et 1880, p. 203 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 319 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1885, p. 122 (W.

Ecuador).
Contopus sckottii, Latvr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 202; Ridgy).

P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 571 (Yucatan).

Above dark plumbeous olive ; crown darker, blackish ; wings and
tail blackish, the wing-coverts and outer secondaries more or less
edged with whitish : beneath dirty white, clearer on the throat and
middle of the belly, which latter has sometimes an olivaceous tinge ;
bill above blackish, beneath yellowish white ; feet blackish ; first
primary shorter than the fifth : whole length 5-3 inches, wing 2'9,
tail 2-5. Female similar.

Hah. Mexico and Central America, southwards to Peru and
Amazonia.

It is possible that I may have united more than one species
under the present name, which was originally based upon Mexican
specimens, but the bird has been subsequently traced down the
American continent to Peru and Lower Amazonia. In some cases it
is difficult to discriminate between this species and dwarfed or
immature examples of C. virens ; but I think that Mr. Ridgway's
character of the first primary being shorter than the fifth in C. bra-
chytarsus generally holds good.

72. BLACICUS.

241

a.

Ad. sk.

b.

$ ad. sk.

e.

Ad. sk.

d

4. Ad.

h

k. Ad. sk.

I.

Ad. sk.

m

, n. Ad. sk

0.

Ad.;j?. 2

ad. sk.

9-

Ad. sk.

r.

5 ad. sk.

s.

Ad. sk.

t.

d ad. sk.

u

d ad. sk.

V.

Ad. sk.

tv

Ad. sk.

X.

Ad. sk.

V-

c? ad. sk.

2 ad. sk.

a'

. Ad. sk.

V

Ad. sk.

c'

Ad. sk.

(V

Ad. sk.

St. Comapam, Mexico {SalU).
Cordova, Mexico {Salle).

Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozuruel I., Yucatan {Gaumer).
Ckoctum, Vera Paz {Salvin).
Cajabon, Vera Paz {Salvin).
Cliisec, Vera Paz {Salvin).
Eetalkuleu, Guatemala {Salvin).

Escuintla, Guatemala {Salvin).

Escuiutla, Guatemala {Fraser).

Guatemala.

Calovevora, Verag'ua {Arce).

Panama {McLeannan).

Panama {Hughes).

Bogota.

Caracas, Venezuela {Goeriny).

San Esteban, Venezuela ( Guerhuj) .

Venezuela {Goering).

Guiana.

I. of Mexiana, E. Amazons

( Wallace).
Ckota, Peru {Stolzmann).
Brazil (?).

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coil.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

72. BLACICUS*.
Blacicus, Cab. J.f. 0. 1855, p. 480

Type.
B. carikeus.

Blacicus comes very near the smaller forms of Contopus, but the
bill is larger and longer, and the wings are not so long. It is
strictly an Antillean type.

Key to the Species.

A. Bill shorter, broader: under surface not yellow.

a. Belly tinged with yellowish 1. bahamensis, p. 242.

b. Belly tinged with ochraceous.

a'. Crown nearly uniform with back :

I back olivaceous 2. carib&us, p. 242.

back grey 3. hispaniolensis, p. 242.

back brownish , 4. patlidus, p. 243.

b'. Crown distinct from back :

I crown olive-brown 5. blancoi, p. 243.

I crown deep brown 0. brunneicapillus,-p.243.

c. Belly deep rufous 7. latirostris, p. 244.

B. Bill louger, narrower ; belly sulphur-yellow 8. barbirostris, p. 244.

* Refer also to Bl. martinicensis, Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 96, from Martinique,
allied to B. brunncicapillics.

VOL. XIV. r

242 TYKANNID^.

1. Blacicus bahamensis.

Empidonax bahamensis, Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vii. p. 109

(1861).
Contopus cariboeus, var. bahamensis, Baird, Breiv. et Ridgxv. N. A. B.

p. ii. p. 352.
Contopus bahamensis, Cory, Birds of Bahamas, p. 101 ; Ridgic. Man.

N. A. B. p. 339.

Above mouse-brown ; cap rather darker ; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and external secondaries slightly edged with whitish :
beneath dirty greyish white, slightly tinged with yellowish on the
breast and belly ; under wing-coverts pale ochraceous ; upper man-
dible dark, lower paler ; feet black : whole length 5*5 inches, wing
2-9, tail 2-6. Female similar, but rather smaller.

Hab. Bahama Islands.

In this species, which seems to me to belong strictly to Blacicus,
there is no tinge of ochraceous colour below, except on the under
wing-coverts.

a, b. cJ J ad.sk. Nassau, Bahamas (Cory). Sclater Coll.

2. Blacicus caribseus.

Muscipeta caribasa, d'Orb. in La Sayra's Cuba, Aves, p. 77 (1839);

Lembeye, Ai\ de Cuba, p. 129.
Museicapa caribsea, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 316.
Blacicus caribanis, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 480 (Cuba) ; Gundl J.f. O.

1861, p. 328, et 1872, p.' 426.
Contopus caribseus, Baird, Breu: et Ridgic. N. A. B. ii. p. 351 ;

Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 339.

Above dark grey, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the back ;
wings and tail blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-
coverts and external secondaries : beneath light greyish, with a strong
ochraceous tinge, except on the throat; under wing- coverts pale
ochraceous : upper mandible dark, lower light, except at the tip ;
feet blackish : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-7.

Hab. Cuba.

a. 2 ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba {Gaunter). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Kemedios, Cuba (Bishop). Smiths. Inst.

y Ad. sk. Guayaquil (??). Zool. Soc. Coll.

3. Blacicus hispaniolensis.

Tyraimula carribsea, var. hispaniolensis, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc.

X. II. xi. p. 91 (1866).
Contopus frazari, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 94 (1883).
Sayornis dominicensis, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 95 (1883).
Contopus hispaniolensis, Cory, B. Haiti and San Domingo, p. 81.
Contopus caribams, var. hispaniolensis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgxv. N. A. B.

ii. p. 351.

72. blacicus.

243

Similar to B. caribceus, but without the olivaceous tinge above,
and not so ochraceous below.
Hub. St. Domingo.

a. 2 ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll.

{McGregor).

b. cJ ad. sk. La Vega, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Cory).

4. Blacicus pallidus.

Myiobius pallidus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 166.

Blacicus pallidus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77 ; Albrecht, J. f. 0.

1862, p. 199.
Contopus pallidus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 231 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 52.
Contopus caribasus, var. pallidus, Baird, Brew, et Bidgiv. N. A. B.

ii. p. 351.
Rhvnckocvclus cerviniventris, Salvad. Att. Sc. It. vii. p. 153; cf.

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 175.

Above brownish olive ; wings and tail dark cinereous, slight
edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries ochraceous : beneath
dingy ochraceous grey, lighter on the throat ; under wing-coverts
ochraceous ; bill above dark, below whitish ; feet dark brown :
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2*8, tail 2-7. Female similar.

Hub. Jamaica.

a. Ad. st. Jamaica.

b. t$ ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica {Bryant).

c. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant).

d. rf ad.; e. Moneague, Jamaica {Salvia).
ad. sk.

/. <$ ad- sk. Near Spanish Town, Jamaica

(March),

g. Ad. sk. Jamaica ( Gosse).

h. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse).

i. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse).

J. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Oslurn).

k. Ad. sk. Jamaica.

/. Ad. sk. Jamaica.

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Mrs. Bryant [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.

5. Blacicus blancoi.

Blacicus blancoi, Gundl. J.f. O. 1874, p. 311, et 1878, p. 171; id.
An. Soc. Esp. H. N. vii. p. 195 ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 224.

Like B. pallidus, but larger and darker above. {Cab.)
Hab. Porto Rico.

6. Blacicus brunneicapillus.

Blacicus brunneicapillus, Later. Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci. i. p. 161 ; id.
P. U.S. N. 31. i. p. 59 (Dominica), et viii. p. 622 (Guadaloupe).

Above clear clive-brown ; crown much darker brown ; wings and

e2

244 TTEANNID^;.

tail brownish black, outer secondaries edged with very pale fulvous ;
throat grey, tinged with fulvous on the lower part ; abdomen and
under wing-coverts reddish ochreous : whole length 5-7 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 2'5. (Lawrence.)
Hab. Dominica and Guadaloupe.

a. Jr. sk. Dominica (Angus). Sclater Coll.

7. Blacicus latirostris.

Myiobius latirostris, Verr. N. Arch. d. Mus. ii. Bull. p. 22, t. 3. fig. 2
(1866) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (S. Lucia) ; Semper, P. Z. S.
1872, p. 650.

Contopus latirostris, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Cory, Ibis, 1886,
p. 475 (St. Lucia).

Above dark olive-green ; rump slightly ochraceous ; wings and
tail dark brown, outer secondaries slightly edged with greyish
fulvous : beneath uniform dark ochraceous red ; upper mandible
dark, lower pale yellowish ; feet dark brown : whole length 5*2
inches, wing 2*6, tail 2-o. Female similar.

Hab. St. Lucia.

The deep rufous under-surface renders this species easily recog-
nizable. The tail is slightly rounded.

a, b. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Blacicus barbirostris.

Tyraunula barbirostris, Siv. Phil. Mug. 1827, i. p. 367.

Blacicus barbirostris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 85 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 53.
Myiobius tristis, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 167.
Blacicus tristis, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 480 ; Scl. Cut. A. B.

p. 234.
Myiarchus tristis, C'oucs, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 80 ; Bnird, Breiv.

et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 332.

Above sooty brown ; crown and nape blackish ; wings and tail
blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and outer
secondaries : beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat light grey ; under
wing-coverts like the belly : inner margins of wing-feathers pale
fulvous ; bill dark brown ; feet blackish : whole length 5-8 inches,
wing 2-8, tail 2-8. Female similar.

Hab. Jamaica.

This species is intermediate between Blacicus and Myiarchus,
agreeing best in the structure of its bill with the former, and in the
style of its plumage with the latter form.

Myiarchus platyrliynclius, Ridgw., Pr. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 570,
from Cozumel, described from spirit-specimens, is stated to be closely
related to this species.

7'-'. MYIOCHANES. 245

a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse [C.].

/. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.].

k. Ad.sk. Moneague, Jamaica (O. Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. (S ad. sk. Jamaica (Newton). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Jamaica. P.L.Sclater,Esq.[P.J.

k, iAd.sk. Jamaica (Clotty). Jardine Coll.

73. MYIOCHANES*.

Type.

Myiochanes, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71 (1859) . M. cinereus.

This diminutive form comes also very near to the smaller species of
Contopus, particularly C. brachy tarsus. But the bill is smaller and
the wings are not quite so long.

Myiochanes is found in Brazil and Ecuador.

Key to the Species.

A. Larger : cinereous 1. cinereus, p. 245.

B. Smaller : blackish 2. nigrescens, p. 246.

1. Myiochanes cinereus.

Platyrkynchus cinereus, Spit, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11, pi. 13. f. 2.
Mviarcbus cinereus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 248 ; Barm. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 473.
Tyrannula cinerea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190.
Contopus cinereus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. i. 1855, p. 479.
Myiochanes cinereus, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 71 ; Sel. Cat.

A. B. p. 232 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 116 ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl.

p. 52; Reinh. Faqelf. Camp. Bras. p. 141; Forbes, Ibis. 1881,

p. 343.
Tyrannula curtipes, Sw, Orn. Dr. pi. 54.

Above sooty cinereous, head blacker ; wings and tail sooty brown :
beneath dirty cinereous ; bill dark brown above, pale below ; feet
blackish : whole length 5-0 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-5. Female
similar.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a. 3 ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.

b. S ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Lwnd). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Xatterer). Sclater Coll.

d. 2 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

* The following seems to be allied to Myiochanes. but is unknown to me : —
Planchesu 1ULIGIN0SA.
Gobe-mouche brim de Cayenne, Daub. PL Eal. 574. fig. 1.
Muscicapa fusca, Bodd. Table d. VI. Enl. p. 34 (1783).
Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gm. S. X. i. p. 932.

Planchesia fuliginosa, Bp. Cat. Oi$. Cayenne, p. 12 : Sclater, P. Z. & 1859,
p. 43.

246 TYEANNID^:.

2. Myiochanes nigrescens.

Myiochanes nigrescens, Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157 (Ecuador).
Myiochanes cineraceus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 ?

Above sooty blackish, crown, wings, and tail rather darker :
beneath slightly paler, rather more cineraceous ; upper mandible
dark brown, lower paler ; feet blackish : whole length 4-4 inches,
wing 2'7, tail 2'3.

Hub. Ecuador.

Quite distinct from M. cineraceus, from its uniform blackish colour
and smaller size.

a. 2 a(l- sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

74. MYIARCHUS*. ^

Type.

Myiarchus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Ares, p. 152 (1845). . M. ferox.

" Despotina, Kaup, 1851," Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 363 . . M. ferox.

Myionax, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73 (1859) . . M. crinitus.

Onychopterus, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxv. (1850) M. tuberculifer.
Kaupomis, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. Zool. i. p. 133

(1854) M. stolidus f.

" Tarsus equal to or not longer than the middle toe, which is
decidedly longer than the hinder one. Bill wider at the base than
half the culmen. Tail broad, long, even or slightly rounded, about
equal to the wings, which scarcely reach the middle of the tail ; the
first primary shorter than the sixth.'' — N. A. B. ii. p. 329.

Myiarchus is distributed all over North and South America and
the Antilles, and extends to the Galapagos.

Key to the Species.

A. Olive and grey : belly sulphur-yellow.

«. Larger-sized species : group of M. crinitus.
a'. With rufous margins to the tail-feathers.
a". Under wing-coverts pale yellow.
a'". Throat deep ashy : belly sulphur-
yellow 1. crinitus, p. 247.

b'". Throat pale ashy : belly light sul-
phur-yellow.
«4. Tip of inner web of outer rectrix

blackish 2. cinerascens, p. 248.

b*. Tip of inner web of outer rectrix
rufous.
a5. Inner web of outer rectrix

wholly rufous 3. nidtingi, p. 250.

* Refer also to —

(1) M. sclateri, Lawr. Pr. U.S. X. M. i. p. 357 (Martinique).

(2) M. brachyurus, Bidgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 334 (Nicaragua),
t Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 358

74. MYIARCHUS. 247

b\ Inner web of outer rectrix partly
blackish :

) rather larger 4. mexicanus, p. 250.

) rather smaller 5. tyrannulus, p. 251.

b". Under wing-coverts rufous 6. validus, p. 252.

b'. Without rufous margins to the tail-
feathers.
e". Tail uniform.
c'". Cap brownish.
c*. Back darker:

i bill longer 7. ferox, p. 253.

| bill shorter 8. cephalotes, p. 254.

dl. Back lighter 9. pelzelni, p. 255.

d"'. Cap black 10. phaonotus, p. 255.

e'". Cap dark greyish 11. phceocephalus, p. 255.

d". Tail with brown-white end-spots . . 12. apicaJis, p. 256.
b. Smaller-sized species (group of M. laivrencii).
c'. Breast not flanimulated.

e". Rectrices blackish, sometimes with
slight rufous margins.
/'". Rectrices with narrow rufous
margins :

I cap brownish 13. laivrencii, p. 256.|

| cap black 14. niffricapillus, p. 257.

(/'". Rectrices without rufous margins.
e\ Cap black ; back olive :

I smaller 15. niyriceps, p. 258.

I larger 16. atriceps, p. 259.

f\ Cap blackish; back greyish brown 17. tricolor, p. 259.
f". Lateral rectrices on inner webs more
or less rufous.
h'". Larger : bill longer.
g*. Lat. rectr. on inner webs rufous
throughout.
c5. Abdomen pale sulphur-yellow.
as. Abdomen brighter; prima-
ries edged with ferruginous :

I back lighter ; bill broader . 18. yucatanensis, p. 260.
| back darker ; bill narrower 19. dominicensis, p. 260.
66. Abdomen paler ; primaries

edged with rufous 20. stolidus, p. 260.

d\ Abdomen white, washed with

ytllowish 21. sayree, p. 261.

h'. Lat. rectr. only rufous at euds . . 22. antillarum, p. 262.

i" . Smaller : bill shorter 23. magnirostris,f. 262.

d '. Breast flammidated 24. Jlammulatus, p. 263.

B. Above grey : beneath rufous 25. semirufus, p. 263.

1. Myiarchus crinitus.

Muscicapa crinita, Linn. S. X. i. p. 325; Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 75,

pi. 13. fig. 2.
Tyranuus criuitus, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 2<1 ; Mai: J. f. O.

1858, p. 182.
Tyrannula crinita, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189; Kaup, P. Z.S. 1851, p. 51.
Myiarchus crinitus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 479 ; Baird, B. N. Am.

248 TYRAXNIDiE.

p. 178; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 232; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, pp. 122,
440 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Baird, Breic. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.

Gundl. J. f. O. 1871, p. 293, et 1872, p. 420 (Cuba) ; Boucard,

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica) ; Nehrlimj, J. f. O. 1883, p. 88 ;

Berl, J.f. 0. 1884, p. 303 (Bucaramanga); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M.

i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgic. Proe. Biol, Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92; id. Man.

N. A. B. p. 333.
Muscicapa ludoviciana, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 934.
Tyrannus ludovicianus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 75. pi. 45.
Myionax erinitus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73.
MyiarcL.ua erinitus, var. erinitus, Coues, Pr.Ac. Sc, Phil. 1872, p. G3.
Gobe-rnouche huppe de Vixginie, Daub. PI, Bid. 5G9. fig. 1.
Tyrannus irritabilis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 847.

Above dull greenish olive ; crown brownish ; wings dull blackish,
primaries edged externally with clear rufous, secondaries and wing-
coverts bordered with whitish ; tail blackish brown ; whole inner
webs of all the lateral rectrices clear rufous : beneath, throat and
neck ashy ; abdomen sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges fulvous ; bill dark horn-colour ;
feet black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3-5. Female
similar.

Hub. Eastern North America (in summer) and south through
Mexico and Central America to Panama and Colombia.

The darker ashy neck and brighter yellow abdomen are generally
sufficient to distinguish this species from its congeners, besides the
greater amount of rufous in the tail-feathers.

a-c. Ad. st. N. America. Purchased.

d, e. d ad. ; f-h, Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.

2 ad. ; i. Ad. sk.

/. cJ ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [P.].

k. Ad. sk. New Jersey, U. S. A. ( Wil- Sclater Coll.

sow).

I. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll.

mi. Ad. sk. Niagara Falls. J. Gould, Esq. [CI.

n. <S ad. sk. Distr. of Colombia, U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Coues).

o. S ad. ; p. 2 ■ Distr. of Colombia, U. S. A. Sclater Coll.

Jr. sk. (Coues).

q. Ad. sk. Ckoctum,VeraPaz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. J. Gould, Esq.

s. 2 a(i- sk. Livingston, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salvin).

t. d ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

(McLeannan).

2. Myiarchus cinerascens.

Tyrannula cinerascens, Laivr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. v. p. 121 (1851).
Mviarchus cinerascens, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 52 ; Sol. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 ; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 384, et 1871,

74. MYIABCHTTS.

249

p. 85 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 233 ; Coues, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1872,

p. G9 ; id. Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 436 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 64 (Costa Rica) ; MerriU, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 141 (Texas) ;

Ridgw. P. U.S. N. 31. i. p. 424, et v. p. 541 (California); id. Man.

N. A. B. p. 333.
Myionax rnexicanus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 74.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Baird, B. N. A. p. 179 ; Cooper, Orn. Cat. i.

p. 316.
Myiarchus pertinax, Baird, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1859, p. 303 (Cape

S. Lucas).
Myiarebus crinitus, yar. cinerascens, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A.

B. ii. pp. 332, 337.

Above ashy brown, with very blight olivaceous tinge; wings
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with rufous, secondaries and
coverts more broadly with dirty white ; tail blackish, with the inner
webs of the lateral rectrices clear rufous except at the tips, which
are blackish like the outer webs : beneath, throat, neck, and breast
pale cinereous ; belly and under wing-coverts very pale lemou-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges pale rufous ; bill horn-colour ;
feet blackish: whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3-7. Ft male
similar.

Hub. California, Arizona, Texas, and Western Mexico to
Guatemala.

This western species is noticeably different from M, crinitus in
its much paler colouring below and in the black tips of the lateral
rectrices, which extend over both webs. As regards the last-
mentioned feature, however, I have had great difficulty in drawing
the line in southern specimens between this species and M, mexi-
canus.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. e. 2 J1'- sk-

f. J ad. sk.

g. Ad. sk.

h. cS ad. sk.

i,j. d 2 ad- sk-

k. Ad. sk.

I, m. 2 ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
/), q. <$ 2 ad- sk.

/•. 2 ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.

California.
California.

Fort Yuma, Cal. (Moll-

hausen).
Cape San Lucas, Lower

California (Xanfus).
La Paz, Lower California

(Forrer).
North Mexico (Ward).
Juchitan, Mexico (Sumi-

chrasi).
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For-
rer).
S. Juan, Mexico (Reboitch).
Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Feno-

chio).
Mexico.
Mexico.
Barranco Hondo, Volcan de

Fuego, Guatemala (Salv.) .
Dueiias, Guatemala (Salv.).
Clioacus, Guatemala (Sale.).
Guatemala.

Sahin-Godman Coll.
Lord WalsinLrliam

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.

Salyin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
Purchased.
Sahin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

250 TYEANNID^!.

3. Myiarchus nuttingi.

Myiarchus nuttingi, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 399, vi. pp. 379, 393
(Nicaragua) ; id. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92 ; id. Man. N. A.
B. p. 334.

Nearly similar to M, mexicanus and M. cinerascens, but with the
inner webs of all the lateral rectrices either wholly rufous or with a
very narrow strip of blackish next to the shaft on the outer feather.
(Hide/way.)

Hub. Tehuantopec and south to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

I have as yet seen only one example of this apparently somewhat
doubtful species, which comes very near M. mexkanus.

a. $ ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Myiarchus mexicanus.

Tyrannula mexicana, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.

Myiarchus cooperi, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 180; Scl. P.Z.S. 1859,

p. 384 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 232 ;

Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 837 (Honduras).
Myiarchus crinitus cooperi, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 67 ; id.

Key, 1884, p. 435; Baird, Breiv. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 331.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas) ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1871, pp. 84, 85; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52; Ridgw. Pr. U.S.

N. M. iii. p. 13 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 333.
Myiarchus crinitus erythrocercus, Coues et Semi. Bull. U.S. G. S. iv.

p. 32 (Texas) ; Coues, Key, 1884, p. 435.
Myiarchus erythrocercus, var. cooperi, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.

p. 138.
Myiarchus mexicanus magister, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii.

p. 90; id, Man. JV. A. B. p. 333.
Myiarchus erythrocercus, Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 205 (Texas).

Above brownish cinereous, crown rather darker ; wings blackish,
primaries narrowly edged with rufous, secondaries and coverts more
broadly with dirty white ; tail blackish, all the lateral rectrices with
the greater part of the inner web rufous, leaving only a narrow
blackish border alongside the shaft : beneath, throat and breast pale
cinereous ; belly and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; inner
margins of rectrices pale rufous; bill dark horn-colour; feet blackish :
whole length 7-8 inches, wing 4, tail 3'5. Female similar.

Hah. Mexico, Yucatan, and Honduras.

I confess I cannot see the necessity for dividing this species into
two subspecies solely on size, as Mr. Ridgway has done ; nor do I
understand the supposed geographical boundaries between the two
subspecies. The specimen that agrees best with T. mexicana of Kaup
is specimen a ; specimen 6, from Oaxaca, is nearly similar, but very
slightly longer in the wing. These are from Western Mexico, but
so are also e and / (from the Tres Marias), which are decidedly
larger. Again, in the series from Yucatan and its islands there is
much diversity in size. So on the whole I rather doubt whether
tho size has much to do with the distribution.

74. myiakchus. 251

a. Ad. sk. Atlisco, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll.

b. c? ad. sk. Oaxaca,W. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godnian Coll

c. Ad. sk. South Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

e,f. $ 2 <id. sk. Tres Marias Islands, W. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Mexico (Forrer).

g. Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll.

h, i. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j-o. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll.

mer).

p-x. Ad. sk. Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Gaumer).

y. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Whitely).

5. Myiarchus tyrannulus.

Tyrannus cayanensis minor, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 400.

Le petit Tyran de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Mil. 571. fig. 1.

Muscicapa tyrannulus, P. L. S., Mull. Naturs. Suppl. p. 169 (1776).

Myiarchus tyrannulus, White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep. Arg.) ; Scl.
et Huds. Arg. Or?i. i. p. 156.

Muscicapa aurora, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 34 (1783).

Muscicapa ferox, /3, Gm. S. N. i. p. 934 (1788).

Suiriri pardo y roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 143.

Tyraunus crinitus, Hartl. bid. Az. p. 13 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 306.

Tyrannus irritabilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.

Tyrannus ferox, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 848.

Myiarchus ferox, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470 ( $ ) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 116 (part.).

Myiarchus erythrocercus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 631 (Vene-
zuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 52; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (St. Lucia);
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia) ; Semper, P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 650 (St. Lucia) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa
Marts) ; Tuez. Orn. Per. ii. p. 320 ; Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 140.

Myiarchus crinitus, var. irritabilis, Cones, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872,
p. 65 ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgy). N. A. B. ii. p. 331 (part.).

Myiarchus oberi, Lawr. Ann. Lye. JV. Y. i. pp. 59, 191, 239, 271,
et viii. p. 622 ( W. Indies); id. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. i. p. 48 ;
Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vincent) ; Scl. Ibis, 1880, p. 74 (W.
Indies) ; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent).

Myiarchus ervthrocercus, var. erythrocercus, Ilidgw. Pr. U.S. N. M.
i. p. 140.

Similar to M. me.vicanus, but rather smaller in dimensions.

Hah. Southern Antilles and South America down to Argentine
Eepublic.

As Graf v. Berlcpsch has pointed out (Ibis, 18S3, p. 139, note),
the figure in the ' Planches Enlumine'es,' upon which the names
Muse, tyrannulus, Miillcr, and M. aurora, Bodd., were based, clearly
belongs to this species, with rufous inner webs to the tail-feathers,
which Mr. Salvin and I distinguished as erythroeereus when we first
became acquainted with it. I think it right, therefore, to restore
the oldest name to this species.

252

TYEANNIDiE.

f-2

a. Ad. st.

b. $ ad. sk
c-e. (S ad. ;

ad. sk.
9. Ad. sk.
A. 2 ad. sk.
»,/ c? $ ad. sk.

A, /. J 2 ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.
n, 0. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
£. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
iv. cJ ad. sk.

x, y. Ad. sk.
z. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk.

Jamaica (?).

Grenada, West Indies (fiber).

Grenada, West Indies( Wells).

Nevis, West Indies.

St. Vincent,W. Indies (Lister).

St. Vincent, W. Indies (Rich-
ardson) .

Dominica, W. Indies (Ober).

Dominica, W.Indies (Taylor).

St. Lucia,W. Indies (Semper).

Tobago (Thirsk).

Santa Marta, U.S.C.(Simo?is).

Caracas, Ven6Zuela(6?om«e/).

Trinidad.

Cayenne (Jelski).

Sarayacu, E. Peru.

Maranura, Peru ( Whitely).

Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Nat-
ter er).

Babia, Brazil ( Wwherer).

Babia, Brazil.

Bolivia.

Catamarca,Arg.Rep.( White).

P. H. Gosse [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

W. Cottle, Esq. [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.J.
Sclater Coll.

6. Myiarchus validus.

Myiarcbus validus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 351 ; Sol. P. Z. S.

1861, p. 70 (Jamaica) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 232 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

]). 52 ; (hues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 62 ; Baird, Brew, et Ridgiu.

N. A. B. ii. p. 331.
Tyrannus crinitus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 186.

Tyrannula gossii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.
Myionax validus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73.

Above brownisb cinereous, crown darker ; wings blackish edged
with rufous ; tail blackish, the lateral rectrices with the greater
portion of the inner webs and narrow edgings to the outer webs
rufous, leaving only a black line along the shaft : beneath, throat
and breast pale cinereous ; abdomen pale sulphur-yellow ; under
wing-coverts pale rufous ; bill dark horn-colour, base of the lower
mandible pale ; feet blackish : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4,
tail 3* 9. Female similar.

Hob. Jamaica.

The rufous wing-edgings, fulvous under wing-coverts, and greater
amount of rufous in the tail at once distinguish this well-marked
species.

a.

Ad.

sk.

b.

Ad.

sk.

c.

Ad.

sk.

d.

Ad

sk.

e.

Ad

sk.

Adsk.

Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin).
Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin).
Near Spanish Town, Jamaica

(March).
Jamaica (Allen).
Jamaica (Gosse).
Jamaica.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mrs. Bryant [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

74. myiakchus. 253

7. Myiarchus ferox.

Tyrannus cayanensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 398.

Muscicapa ferox, Gm. S. A7", i. p. 93-1 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 855.

Tyrannus ferox, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 300.

Myiarchus ferox, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 248 ; id. Schomb. Guian. iii.

p. 700 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 233 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73 ; Burnt. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 470

($); Taylor, Ibis, 18G4, p. 87 (Trinidad); Eider, J. f. O. 1867,

p. 228 (Brazil) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons),

1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru) ; Reinh.

Fuylef. Camp. Bras. p. 141 ; Scl. et Huds. Arc/. Orn. i. p. 156.
Myiarchus tyraimulus, Coues, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1872, p. 71 ; Scl. et

Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia); iid.

Nomencl. p. 52; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 22; id. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 321; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N A. B. ii. p. 330; Salv. et

Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (St. Marta) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 343

(N.E. Brazil) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep. Arg.) ; Salv.

Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. Guiana) ; Barrows, Bull, Nutt. Orn. CI.

viii. p. 202 (Entrerios).
Myiarchus swainsoni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 72 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 233 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 161 (rep. Arg.).
Myiarchus cantans, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 117 ; Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 139;

Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul).
Myiarchus panamensis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. T. vii. pp. 284, 295

(Panama), et ix. p. 115 (Costa Rica); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864,

p. 360 (Panama); Frank, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);

Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; Bone. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64

(Costa Rica).
Myiarchus venezuelensis, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1865, p. 38 ; Scl.

et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 632 (Venezuela).
Myiarchus ferocior, Cab. J.f. O. 1883, p. 214 (rep. Arg.).

Above dark cinereous, more or less olivaceous : wings and tail
blackish, wing-coverts and outer secondaries with more or less
defined edgings of dirty white : beneath, throat and breast cinereous ;
abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow : bill dark brown ;
feet blackish : whole length 7'0 inches, wing 3'6, tail 34. Female
similar.

Hob. From Veragua throughout South America to Argentine
Republic.

As has been pointed out by Graf von Berlepsch (Ibis, 1883, p. 139),
Gmelin's Muscicapa ferox was based primarily on Brisson's Tyrannus
cayanensis, which is certainly this species, and not on PI. Enl. 571,
fig. 2, as has been generally assumed. I think, therefore, that we
cannot well avoid using the specific name "ferox " for this bird.

a. cJ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (A?-ce). Sahin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,f. Ad.sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

g, h, i. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hughes),

k. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Si?nons). Salvin-Godman Coll.

254

TYRANNIM3.

I. Ad. sk.
in. Ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.
o. c? . Ad. sk.

p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
<. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
to. $ ad. sk.
w. <S ad. sk.
.r. c? ad. sk.
y. 2 a(i- sk.
z. j ad. sk.
«', £'. Ad. sk.
c'. J ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.

e',f. Ad. sk.
,9', A'. Ad. sk.
»'. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
A;'. Ad. sk.

£', ?«'. c? ad. sk.

n',o\ c^ad. sk. ;
p'. 5 ad. sk.
5'. Ad.sk.

r'. Ad. sk.
s', V. Ad. sk.
m', v', w'. Ad. sk.
,r'. Ad. sk.
y\ Ad. sk.
e'. J ad. sk.

«". J ad. sk.
6". Ad.sk.

c". Ad. sk.
d". <$ ad. sk.

e",f. Ad. sk.

^". Ad. sk.

Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon).

Bogota.

Bogota.

San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe-

ring).
Venezuela (Goering).
Trinidad.
Tobago (Kirk).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Eastern Peru.

Pebas, E. Peru (Ifatt.nvell).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxicell).
Yuriruaguas, E. Peru (Bartlelt).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Santa Cruz, E. Peru.
Xeberos, E. Peru (Barthtf).
Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett).
Upper Ucayali.
Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia

(Buckley) .
Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley).
Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley).
Bolivia.
Bolivia.
British Guiana.

Bartica Grove, British Guiana
( Whitely).

Camaeusa, British Guiana
(Whitely). _

Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama-
zons ( Wallace).

Para ( Wallace).

Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer) .

Bahia, Brazil.

Brazil.

Sapetiba, Brazil (Natterer).

(Authentic specimen

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

Pelotas, Eio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).

Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres.

Mendoza, Arg. Eep. (Weis-
haupt).

Mendoza, Arg. Bep. ( Weis-
haupf).

Vicinity of Buenos Ayres (Hasle-

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Chev. Schomburgk

[0.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
of M. cardans, Pelz.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

H. Durnford [0.1.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll,

S. Myiarchus cephalotes.

Myiarchus cephalotes, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 671, et 1882, p. 22 ; id.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 322 ; Beich. u. Sehal. J. f. O. 1880, p. 317 ; Tacz. et

Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Mviarchus ferox, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 153 (P).

74. MTIARCHTTS. 255

Similar to M. ferox, but bill shorter ; outer margin of external
rectrix more distinctly white, and whitish margins of wing-coverts
and secondaries more strongly marked : whole length 7'0 inches,
wing 3-8, tail 3-7. Female similar.

Hab. Western Peru and Ecuador.

I cannot say that I am at all satisfied as to the claims of this
form for specific distinction.

a. $ ad. sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolzmanri). Sclater Coll.

b. 5 ad. sk. Chirimoto, Peru {Stolzmanri). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Chirimoto, Peru (Stolzmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Authentic specimens.)

9. Myiarchus pelzelni.

Myiarchus pelzelni, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 139.

Similar to M. ferox, but of much paler colouring ; back olive-
grey and not olive-brown ; cap rather lighter ; throat and breast
more whitish ; bill longer and paler in colour.

Hab. S.E. Brazil and Cayenne.

I am also not quite certain that this form is anything more than
a variety of M. ferox. Count v. Berlepsch has kindly supplied me
with one of his typical specimens, and a skin, apparently from
Cayenne, seems to agree quite well with it.

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. (One

of the types.)

b. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

10. Myiarchus phseonotus.

Myiarchus phseonotus, Salv. et Goilm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guian.).

Above greyish black, cap darker black ; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with dirty white :
beneath, throat and upper breast pale greyish : abdomen and under
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3-5. Female similar.

Hab. Interior of British Guiana.

The dark-coloured back and black head distinguish this species
from M. ferox.

a. $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. <$ ad. ; d. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
5 ad. sk. ( Whitely). (Types of the species.)

e. 5 ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

11. Myiarchus phaeocephalus.

Myiarchus phaeocephalus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecuador) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 233 ; Law/: Ann. L. X. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna I.)'
Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 73 ; Ski. et Salv. Komencl. p. 52 ;

256 TYEANNID^:.

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326 ; id. Om. P4r. op. 323 ; Ben. et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, et 1885. pp. 93, 122 (Ecuador).
Myiarchus tyrauuulus, var. phaeocephalus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgiv.
N. A. B. ii. p. 330.

Above olivaceous grey, crown dark grey ; wings blackish, with
narrow whitish edgings to the primaries and borders of the same
colour to the secondaries and coverts ; tail blackish, with lighter
apical edgings : beneath, throat and neck pale greyish ; abdomen and
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow •. whole length 7"0 inches,
wing 3*5, tail 3*4. Female similar.

llab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru.

Very closely allied to M. ferox, but apparently recognizable by its
greyish back and dark grey head.

a. c5 ad. ; b. ad. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

sk. (Types of the species.)

e, d. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Ittihg- Salvin-Godman Coll.
worth).

12. Myiarchus apicalis.

Myiarchus apicalis, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 269; Reich, u. Schal.
J.f. 0. 1882, p. 217.

Above dark olivaceous ; head blackish ; wings blackish ; wing-
coverts and secondaries slightly edged with whitish ; tail blackish ;
outer web of outer rectrix and broad apical spot on all the lateral
rectrices white : beneath, throat and neck grey ; abdomen and under
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length
7 inches, wing 3*5, tail 3-3.

Hab. Interior of Columbia.

The broad apical white spots on the lateral tail-feathers at once
distinguish this species.

a. Ad. ; b. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

1 3. Myiarchus lawrencii.

Muscicapa lawrencei, Giravd, B. of Texas, 1841, pi. 2. fig. 1.

Myiarchus lawrencii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 181 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859,
pp. 366, 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; id. Cat. A. B. p. 233; Sclat.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837
(Honduras) ; iid. Nomenel. p. 52; G. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114
(Honduras) ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et
ix.pp. 115, 204; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica) ; Coues,
Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 74 '; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yuca-
tan) ; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 335.

Myiarchus rufomargmatus, Cab. et Ilein. Mtis. Rein. ii. p. 73.

Myiarchus niexicanus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.

Myiarchis tristis, var. lawrencii, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.
p. 333.

74. MYiAEcnrs. 257

Myiarchus lawrencii olivascens, Bidffto. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash ii
p. 91 ; ul. Man. N. A. B. p. 335. ' "

Myiarchus platyrhynchus, Rhlfjiv. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, hi n 23 •
ul. Man. N. A. B. p. 335 (?). ' p' '

Above dull olive-green; head brownish ; wings and tail blackish
with narrow rufous external margins : beneath, throat and neck
pale cinereous ; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-
yellow; bill horn-colour; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing
o-5, tail 3-4. Female similar.

Hub. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Honduras.

No precise line can be drawn between this and the following
species, which pass gradually one into the other. (Of. Baird&
Brewer and Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 333.) But I am inclined to
reter all the Guatemalan series to the present form.

a Ad. sk. Mexico (Salle). Sclater Coll.

ka i ■ Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll

c. Ad. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Purchased

t / fo Ski i SaZatlf"' >V" ^exico iForr^)- Salvin-Godman Coll.

e,f. d 2 ad. sk. Tres Manas I., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.

(.borrer).

g, h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

7\ X i V°™me\ I. , Yucatan ( Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.

duras (Blancaneaux).

r. ? ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Guatemala (Salviti).

s, t. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. TP.].

<t 31 Duefias, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll

». $ ad Lak Duefias (Fraser). Jardine Coll.

w. $ ad. St. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Col .

Biego (Salvm).

x. Ad sk Volcan de Agua (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

y. Vad.sk. Yaxcamiial,Guatemala(<S'aM»). Salvin-Godman Coll

fc Jr. sk. Honduras (Mather). Sclater Coll.

« . Jr. sk. Honduras. Bvson [C ]

V. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

14. Myiarchus nigricapillus.
Myiarchus lawrencii, Cab. J. f. O. 18151, p. 249; Lain- Ann L N Y

vni. p. 182, et k. p 204; Frantz. J. f. O. 1809, p. 308 "(Costa

Pica) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 04.
Myiarchus lawrencii nigricapillus, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. pp. 384

393 (Nicaragua). '

Myiarchus nigricapillus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 233 ; Lawr. Ann L N. Y.

ix p. 115 ; Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 199 (Vera-rua) •'

Scl et Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia): Frantz JfO

I860, p. 308 (Costa Rica). 7"

Myiarchus tristis, var. nigricapillus, Baird, Brew, et Bideiw N.A B

n. p. 333.

Similar to M. kwrencii, but cap sooty black, and yellow abdomen
brighter.

I lab. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Veragua.

VOL. XIV.

258

TYRANNID^J.

a, b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.

f. $ ad. sk.

g. Jr. sk.

h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

/. (f ad. sk.
k, I. d 2 ad.

m. J ad. sk.

sk.

Costa Rica (Mus. BeroL).

Costa Rica (Carmiol).

San Jost§, Costa llica (Carmiol).

Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Aire).

Pacnare, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

Irazu district, Costa Rica
(Rogers).

Costa Rica.

Blewfields, Nicaragua ( Wick-
ham).

Chitra, Veragua (Arce).

Santa Ee", Veragua (Arce).

Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce).

15. Myiarchus nigriceps.

Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Myiarchus nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. G8, 295 (Ecuador) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 234 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 300
(Panama), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia) ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 52 ; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 ; Wyatt,
Ibis, 1871. p. 333 (Colombia) ; Cones, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil 1872, p. 75 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1879, p. 235, 1880, p. 203, et 1882, p. 22 ;
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 324; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta.
Marta); Tacz. et Berl. P.Z.S. 1883, p. 559, et 1884, p. 297
(Ecuador) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana).

Myiarchus tristis, var. nigriceps, Baircl, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.
p. 333.

Myiarchus tuberculifer, Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga).

Above greenish olive ; cap black ; wings and tail blackish, more
or less margined with brownish : beneath, throat and neck pale
grey ; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; inner
margins of wing-feathers fulvous ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black :
whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-7. Female similar.

Hob. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia.

This bird seems to be always smaller than the two preceding
species. Only in young specimens is there occasionally some rufous
edging to the tail-feathers.

a. cj ad. sk.

Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)

b. c? ad. sk.

Pallatanga.

L. Fraser [C.].

c, d. cj ad. sk.

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk.

Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador.

Salvin Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk.

Jima, Ecuador (Bhcldey).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. Ad. sk.

Balzar Mts., Ecuador (llling-
worth).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

/(. Ad. sk.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk.

Ecuador.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

;'. Ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Sclater Coll.

k, I. 6 2 ad. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk.

Herradura, Magdalena Valley
(Wyatt).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. J1 ad. sk.

Miuca, U. S. C. (Simons).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

o,p. Ad. sk

Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

74. MYIARCHUS. 259

q. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

r. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.

{Hanke).

s. rf ad.sk. Venezuela {Goering). Sclater Coll.

t. rf ad. ; it-w. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godnian Coll.

$ ad. sk. {Whitely).

x. 3 ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

y. Ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru ( Wliitely). Sclater Coll.

16. Myiarchus atriceps.

Myiarchus atriceps, Cab. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 215 ; Scl. et Huds. Arg.

Orn. i. p. 157.
Myiarchus nigri'ceps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia).
Tyrannus tubercidifer, d'Orb. etLafr. Syn. i. p. 43 ; cTOrb. Voii., Ois.

p. 307, t. xxxii. figs. 1, 2 (?).

Similar to M. nigriceps, but larger in size : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-7, tail 3-5.

Hob. Northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Southern Peru.

D'Orbigny's Tyrannus tubercidifer, of which I have examined
specimens in the Paris Museum, belongs either to this species or to
M. tricolor. The slight spine at the bend of the wing, alluded to in
d'Orbigny's name, is found more or less developed in many species
of Tyrannidse.

a. Ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru ( Whitdy). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Interior of Bolivia [Bridges). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Interior of Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
/. $ ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen.)

17. Myiarchus tricolor.

Myiarchus tricolor, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 117, 182; Berl. Ibis, 1883,

p. 139.
Myiarchus gracilirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 117, 183.

Above dark greyish with a slight olivaceous tinge : crown black-
ish ; wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries
with slight margins of dirty white : beneath, throat and neck pale
grey ; abdomen and under wing-covcrts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill
dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3,
tail 2-8.

Hub. Brazil.

This is a close ally of 31. nigriceps, and only distinguishable by
its darker back and head not so dark. It appears to be M. tricolor
of Pelzeln, as considered by Graf v. Berlepsch. It would be more
satisfactory to have a better series for comparison.

a. Ad. sk. Iiio Tocantins, Brazil {Wallace). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer) Salvin-Godman Coll.

s2

260 TTKANNIDJE.

18. Myiarchus yucatanensis.

Myiarchus mexicanus, Law?: Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 202.
Myiarchus yucatanensis, Later. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1871, p. 235 ; Ridgw.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 334.

Above dark greyish olive, crown rather more brownish ; wings
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with ferruginous, secondaries
and coverts edged more broadly with dirty white ; tail dark brown,
all the lateral rectrices with broad margins of bright rufous to the
inner webs throughout : beneath, throat and neck pale cinereous,
abdomen and under wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-3, tail 3*2.

Hah. Yucatan and Cozuniel.

This species clearly belongs to the Antillian group of M. stolidus,
with broad rufous margins to the inner webs of the rectrices. Mr.
Lawrence's type, which he has most kindly sent for examination, is
a very worn specimen. It was obtained by Dr. A. Schott near
Merida. Mr. Uaumer's specimen (a) is in good plumage, and, no
doubt, identical. The Cozumel bird (b) has a darker back and a
darker head.

a. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Cozumel I,, Yucatan {Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

19. Myiarchus dominie ensis.

Tyrannula stolida, var. doniinicensis, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.

xi. p. 90.
Myiarchus dominicensis, Cory, B. Haiti, p. 79.
Myiarchus stolidus, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. vi. p. 153.
Myiarchus ruficaudatus, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 95.

Similar to M. yucatanensis, but somewhat darker on the back ;
and bill rather larger and narrower : whole length 7 inches, wing
3-3, tail 3-2.

Hab. San Domingo.

Like M. yucatanensis this species has the rufous edgings of the
primaries bright and well defined, and the belly of rather a deeper
yellow than M. stolidus. All the lateral rectrices have rufous
margins.

a. cJad.sk. Samana, San Domingo (McGregor). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. San Domingo, W. I. {McGregor). Sclater Coll.

c. A . sk. San Domingo, W. I. {Toogood). Sclater Coll.

20. Myiarchus stolidus.

Myiobius stolidus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 168.

Tyrannula stolida, Kanp, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.

Myiarchus stolidus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1855, p. 479 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1861, p. 77 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 234 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52 ;

Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 76; Cab.et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii.p.73.
Myiarchus stolidus, var. stolidus, Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B. ii.
332

74. MYIARCHUS. 261

Above dark fuliginous grey, head rather blacker ; wings blackish
primaries very narrowly edged with rufous ; wing-coverts and
secondaries margined with dirty white; tail blackish, inner webs
of the lateral rectrices except the external pair broadly margined
with rufous : beneath, throat and neck very pale cinereous ; abdomen
and under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with yellow; bill
and feet black : whole length 7-9 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3-2.

Hub. Jamaica.

Nearly similar to the two preceding species, but throat paler, abdo-
men of much paler yellow, and the rufous edgings of the primaries
scarcely shown. The outer pair of rectrices show little or no signs
ot rutous margins.

a. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). P. L. Sclater, Esq,

rp] ^

b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Jardine Coll.

c Ad.sk. Jamaica (Chambers). \sdater 1^eClmens^

A i i ^amfllca {Marsh). Smiths. Inst. FP.l

e,/. Ad.sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll

h. Ad. sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica (Allen). Salvin-Godman Coll.

21. Myiarchus sagraB.

Tyrannus phcebe, d'Orb. La Sagrcfs Cuba, Aves, p. 72 (nee Lath ) ■

Gundl. J. f. 0. 1871, p. 275 (Cuba). ' '

Myiarchus stolidus, var. phoebe, Coues, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil, 1872 p 78-

Baird, Breio. et Ridyw. N. A. B. ii. p. 332; Gundl. J. f. 0.1861,

p. o28.
Myiarchus phcebe, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.
Muscicapa sagrse, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi p 31:5 (185°)
Myiarchus sagrse, Gundl. J.f. 0. 1872, p. 424 ; Ridyw. Man. N.A. B

p. 334.
Tyrannula stolida, var. lucaysieusis, Bryant, Pr. B. S. N. H, xi

p. 60 (Bahamas).
Tyrannula bahamensis, Bryant, Pr. B. S. N. H. xi. p. 90.
Myiarchus stolidus, var. leucaysiensis, Cory, B. Bahamas, p 100
Myiarchus lucaysiensis, Ridyio. Man. N. A. B. p. 334.

Similar to M. stolidus, but the yellow on the abdomen still more
faintly shown.

Ilnli. Cuba and Bahamas.

The term phctbe used for this species by d'Orbigny was given in
error, under the idea that it was Muscicapa phcebe of 'Latham, which
is Empidias fuscus.

The Bahaman form I can hardly separate, though it may perhaps
stand as a subspecies.

a. Subsp. typica.

a, h. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba (Gaumcr). Salvin-Godman Coll

''• Ad. .sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. J ad. sk. Feimina, Cuba ( Wright). Smiths. Lust. [P.].

262 TYRANNIDjE.

e. Ad. sk. Cuba ( Wright). Sclater Coll.

/. <S ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.

b. Subsp. lucaysiensis.
g, h. Ad. sk. Bahamas {Bryant). Sclater Coll.

22. Myiarchus antillarum.

Tyrannus antillarum, Bryant, Pr. Boat. Soc. N. H. x. p. 24'J

(1860).
Myiarchus stolidus, var. antillarum, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872,

p. 79.
Myiarchus antillarum, Sund. CE/v. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1869, p. 599; Gundl.

J.f. O. 1874, p. 811, et 1878, p. 171 (Porto Rico); id. An. Soc.

Esp. Hist. Nat. vii. p. 194 ; Scl. et Sal v. Nomencl. p. 52.

Above smoky grey, bead slightly darker ; wings blackish, pri-
maries narrowly edged with rufous ; coverts and secondaries more
broadly margined with dirty white ; tail blackish, inner webs of the
lateral rectrices at their extremities slightly tipped with pale rufous :
beneath white, throat and breast tinged with cinereous ; under
wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellowish ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6-8 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3-2.

Hub. Porto Pico.

In this species the rufous colour on the lateral rectrices has
almost disappeared, and the abdomen is pure white.

a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico {Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Porto Rico {Bryant). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico {Latimer). Sclater Coll.

23. Myiarchus magnirostris.

Myiobius magnirostris, Gray, Zool. Voy. ' Beagle] iii. p. 48, t. viii..

Empidonax magnirostris, Ridyw. N. A. B. ii. p. 365.

Myiarchus magnirostris, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323 (Galapagos

Is.); Sund. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 125, 127; Sulvin, Trans. Zool. Soc.

ix. p. 493.

Above brownish grey, head darker, rump slightly olivaceous ;
wings blackish ; coverts and secondaries margined with dirty white,
primaries narrowly edged with brownish ; tail blackish, lateral
rectrices, except the outer pair, more or less broadly margined with
pale rufous on the inner web : beneath, throat and neck pale greyish ;
abdomen pale sulphur-yellow; Hanks cinereous ; under wing-coverts
and inner margins of remiges whitish ; bill and feet black : whole
length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2*4. Female similar.

Hub. Galapagos Islands.

A much smaller bird than the preceding species, and with a
shorter bill.

74. MYIARCHUS. 263

a. Ad. st. Galapagos. Sir W. Burnett &

Capt. Fitzroy.
6. Ad. sk. Galapagos. C. Darwin [P.].

(Type of the species.)

c. $ ad sk. Bindloe I., Galapagos (Habel). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. d ad. sk. Indefatigable I., Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Habel).

e. d ad. sd. Indefatigable I.. Galapagos Sclater Coll.

(Habel).
f, 9- 6 $ ad. sk. Indefatigable I., Galapagos 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

(Habel).
h. <S ad. sk. Abingdon I., Galapagos Salvin-Godman CoU.

(Habel).

24. Myiarchus flammulatus.

Myiarehus flammulatus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. xi. p. 71 ; Ridgiu. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 93 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 335.

Above greenish olive, crown rather darker ; wings blackish brown,
coverts tipped with pale rufous, forming two cross-bands ; primaries
edged with pale rufous, outer secondaries more broadly with white ;
tail blackish brown, slightly edged with pale rufous: beneath,
throat pale cinereous; breast whitish flammulated with cinereous;
belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill dark brown, pale at
the base of the lower mandible; feet brownish black: whole length
6-3 inches, wing 3*1, tail 3.

Hab. Tehuantepec, Mexico.

A very distinct species, at once recognizable by its flammulated
breast.

a, b. Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll.

chrast).

25. Myiarchus semirufus.

Myiarchus semirufus, Sol. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 138, t. xi. (Peru) ; Tacz.
Z. S. 1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. L>03 ; id. Oni. Per. ii. p. 325.

Above brownish cinereous ; wings blackish with broad rufous
margins ; tail and upper tail-coverts rufous, the middle portion of
the six middle rectrices rufous : beneath uniform ochraceous rufous ;
bill and feet black : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-3.
Female similar, but perhaps rather paler below.

Hub. Coast region of Western Peru.

Quite unique amongst this group of the Tijrannidce for its peculiar
style of colour.

a. Ad. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.

264 TYHANNIDiK.

75. EMPIDIAS *. Type.

Empidias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 09 (1859) E. fuscus.

Empidias fuscus is usually united to Sayornis by the American
ornithologists, but has much shorter wings and a shorter tail, though
in other respects, it must be admitted, the two forms come very close.
For the present, however, I prefer to adhere to Dr. Cabanis's views,
and to leave Sayornis with the Fluvicolince, and keep Empidias near
Myiarchus.

According to this plan Empidias is a purely North-American
and Mexican type.

1. Empidias fuscus.
Muscicapa fusca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931 ; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 68,

pi. 40.
Aulanax fuscus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1856, p. 1.
Myiarchus fuscus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 248 ; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 366 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico).
Empidias fuscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 234 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York) ; Scl. et

Salv. Nbmencl. p. 53.
Sayornis fuscus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 184 ; Baird, Breiv. et Ridgw.

N. A. B. ii. p. 343 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas) ; Cows,

Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 437.
Muscicapa phoebe, Lath. Ind. 0/-«. i. p. 489.
Sayornis phoebe, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 336.
Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 78, pi. 13.
Tyraunula nunciola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.

Above dull greyish olive ; cap blackish ; wings blackish, secon-
daries and wing-coverts edged with whitish ; tail blackish ; outer rec-
trices edged with whitish : beneath dirty white with a yellowish tinge,
sides of breast and flanks more or less cinereous ; under wing-
coverts white ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length
6-3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-9. Female similar.

Hub. Eastern North America (in summer) and south to Mexico.

a. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N.A. Bound. Comm.

[P.].

b. 3 ad.; c-e. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
$ ad. sk.

/. Pull. sk. Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

g. Jr. sk. Indiana ( Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk. New York (Lawrence). Sclater Coll.

i, j. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Philadelphia. Prof. Baird [C.].

/. Ad. sk. Washington, B.C. (Drexler). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Charleston, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

o. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

* I do not know : —

Muscicapa lembeyei, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 314 ; id. J. f. O.
1872 p. 427, from Cuba, if it is really different from Empidias fuscus, to which
it is referred by Cabanis (J. f. O. 1856, p. 1).

:

76. EMPIDONOMTJS. 265

76. EMPIDONOMUS. .

Type.
Empidonomus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76 (1859) . . E. varius.

end of Empidonomus varius.

Emjridonomus varius is a form remarkable for its small bill and
striated plumage, 'which somewhat reminds one of Myiodynastes.
It has, however, long wings with pointed ends to the primaries, and a
long tail, and is more nearly allied to Tyrannus. Tyrannus aurantio-
atro-cristatus may be added to this genus as a second species,
though its structure is not quite identical and its plumage is more
uniform. It has a similar small bill, but the outer primaries are
sharply excised. The range of this genus is from Colombia to South
Brazil and Bolivia.

Key to the Species.

A. Beneath yellowish : breast striated. 1. varius, p. 265.

B. Beneath uniform cinereous 2. aurantio-atro-cristatus, p. 266.

1. Empidonomus varius.

Suiriri chorreado debaxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 125.

Muscicapa varia, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 459 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 832 ;

Ilartl. Ind. Az. p. 12.
Muscicapa rufina, Spi.i; Av. Bras. ii. p. 22, pi. 31.
Tyrannus rufinus, Cab. in Sc/tomb. Guian. iii. p. 700 ; Burin. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 406 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota).
Muscipeta ruficauda, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 920.
Tvrannus leucotis, Sic. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 276.
Tyrannula tschudii. Hart/. Iter. Zool. 1844, p. 369.
Empidonomus varius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76 ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 117; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 234 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,

p. 189 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia);

iid. Nomencl. p. 53; Lai/ard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para) ; Tacz. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 326; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. f4uian.); Berl. et Jher.

Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1885, p. 137 (lUo Grande do Sul).

266

tyraxxidj:.

Above ashy brown, centres of the feathers blackish ; crown black,
bordered on each side by a white superciliary stripe, and by a white
line round the nape ; concealed vertical crest bright yellow or
orange ; wings ashy black, wing-coverts and secondaries margined
externally with white ; tail ashy black ; upper tail-coverts and
rectrices more or less distinctly margined with ferruginous : beneath
pale yellowish, throat greyish white ; breast and belly more or
less striated with blackish ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ;
bill and feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3'9, tail 2. Female
similar, but slightly smaller.

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

a. $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. 3 § ad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

d. 3 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Jr. sk. Bogota (?). Purchased.

f. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. Ad.sk. Bakia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Brazil (Sello). Sclater Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

in. Ad. sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. Jr. st. S. America. Purchased.

2. Empidononrus aurantio-atro-cristatus.

Tyrannus aurantio-atro-cristatus, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 45;

a" Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 312 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 192 ; Reinh. Fugelf. Camp.

Bras. p. 13G ; Scl. et Sa/v. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (Ucavali), 18(57,

p. 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 53; Bur m La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 453; Ridyw. P.

U.S. N. M. i. p. 482 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 ; id. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 331 ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI. viii. p. 202 (Entrerios).
Einpidononius aurantio-atro-cristatus, Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 157.
Tyrannus inca, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 383 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 118.
Tyrannus auriflamma, Burin. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 246 (Mendoza).

Above cinereous, cap shortly crested, black, with a large vertical
spot of bright yellow ; wings and tail brownish black, wing- coverts
and secondaries slightly edged with whitish : beneath as above,
but rather paler, and with a very slight yellowish tinge on the
crissum ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-8,
tail 3-l. Female similar, but outer primaries acuminated, not
excised.

Hab. Interior of Brazil, Eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Northern
Argentina.

a. $ ad. sk. City of Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

b. 3 ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

e. 5 ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. $ ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

f. g. Ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. ( Weisshaupt). Purchased.

77. TYRANNUS. 267

77. TYRANNUS.

t\ n • Type.

lyrannus, Cuvier, Leg. Anat. Comp. i. tab. 2 (1800) T. pipiri (?)
Drymonax, Ghger, Froriep's Not. xvi. p. 278 (1827) T. pipiri.
Laphyctes, Reiehenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) . . T. melancholicus.
Satellus, Reiehenb. Ad. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) . . T vociferous.
Melittarchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80 (1859) T. magrdrostris.

"Tail nearly even or moderately forked, rather shorter than the
wings ; the feathers broad and somewhat widened at their ends ;
wings long and pointed ; the outer primaries rather abruptly at-
tenuated near the end ; head with a concealed patch of red on the
crown." (iV. A. B. ii. p. 314.)

_ Tyrannus extends all over Worth and South America to Argen-
tina, but not to Chili and Patagonia. It is also found in°the
Antilles.

Key to the Species.

A. Tail slightly rounded, squared or slightly forked.

a. Bill moderate {Tyrannus).

a'. Belly white ; tail slightly rounded 1. pipiri, p. 2G7.

b'. Belly yellow ; tail squared or slightly
forked.
a". Breast grey.
a"\ Outer web of outer rectrix white . . 2. verticalis, p. 269.
V". Outer web of outer rectrix grey . . 3. vociferans, p. 269.
, „.*"■ Breast white 4. niveigularis, p. 270.

b. Bill much enlarged (Melittarchus).

c'. Belly yellow; tail squared 5. crassirostris, p. 271.

d'. Belly white ; tail slightly forked.
c". Beneath greyish white :

I bill smaller .., 6. yriseus, p. 271.

| bill larger 7. rostratus, p. 273.

d". Beneath white ; bill very strong 8. magnirostris, p. 273.

Tail strongly forked (Lapkyctes).
e'. Throat cinereous :

i belly bright yellow 9. melancholicus, p. 273.

| belly tinged with yellow 10. apolites, p. 276.

/. Throat white 11. albiyularis, p. 276.

1. Tyrannus pipiri.

Lanius tyrannus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 136 (part.); Wilson, Am. Orn. ii.
p. 66, pi. xiii. fig. 1.

Lanius tyrannus, y. carolinensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 302.

Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 73, pi. 44; Cab. Journ. f.
Orn. 1855, p. 478 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 236 ; Gundl, J. f. O. 18(51,
pp. 328, 409, et 1872, p. 423 (Cuba) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53 :
nd. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189 (Amazonia), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras),
1873, p. 282 (Amazonia), 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 616
(Bolivia) ; Salv. et Godm. Lbis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Malta) ; Boncard,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 329.

Tyrannus intrepidus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 214, pi. 133; id. Enc.
Meth. p. 849 j Sw. Phil. May. 1827, p. 368; id. Quart. Journ. Sc.
xx. p. 274 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 313 (Bolivia) ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

I!

268

TYRAXNID.-fc.

1857, p. 232 (S. Domingo), et 1858, p. 302 (Mexico) ; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 439 (Mexico) ; Max. J.f. O. 1858, p. 181 ; Moore, P. Z. 8. 1859,
p. 55 (Honduras) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 295, et ix. p. 89.

Muscicapa animo^a, Licht. Dmibl. p. 54.

Tyranmis leucogaster, Staph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. ii. p. 133.

Tyrannus carolinensis, Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 24 ; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 171 ; Cab. et Hein. Mux. Hein. ii. p. 79 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
viii. pp. 182, 290 ; Bldkiston, Ibis, 1862, p. 3, et 1863, p. 57 ; Dresser,
Ibis, 1865, p. 472 (Texas) ; Bidqio. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 375 ;
id. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 471 ; ' Nehrliny, J. f. 0. 1883, p. 87
(Illinois) ; Baird, Brew, et llidgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 316; Coues, Key
N. A. B. 1884, p. 432.

Tyrannus tyrannus, Bidyio. Man. N. A. B. p. 328.

Above dark cinereous, cap black, with a concealed vertical crest
of bright orange ; wings blackish, secondaries and coverts edged
with white ; tail black, tipped with white : beneath white, with a
slight cinereous shade on the breast ; under wing-coverts cinereous ;
outer primaries acuminated ; tail slightly rounded ; bill and feet
black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3*6. Female similar.

Hah. Eastern North America, and southwards through Mexico
and Central America down to Ecuador and Peru.

a. Ad. st.

b, c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
h, i. Ad. sk.
j-l. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.
o. S ad. sk.
j>. Ad. sk.

q. 2 Ad. sk.

r. Ad. sk.

s, t, u, v. Ad. sk.

tv-z. Ad. sk.

a', b'. Ad. sk.

c'. Ad. sk.

d\ Ad. sk.

e'. Ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
y'. 5 ad. sk.

h\ 2 ad.sk.

North America.

British Columbia.

West Side Rocky Moun-
tains.

Lake of the Woods.

Fort Simpson, N. A.

Fort Dufferin, N. A.

Michigan.

New Brunswick (Os-
burn).

New York (Hurst).

Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale).

Washington, D.C.
(Dre.cler).

Arlington Swamps, Vir-
ginia, U. S. A. (Coues).

N. America.

Cozumel Island, Yucatan
( Gamner).

Ruatan Island, Bay of
Honduras (Gattmer).

Yzabal, Guatemala (Sal-
via).

Yzahal, Guatemala (Sal-
vin).

Retalhuleu, Guatemala
(Salvin).

Guatemala.
Panama (Hughes).
Santa Marta, U. S. C.

(Simons).
Medellin, U. S. C.
(Salmon).

Purchased.

J. K. Lord [C.].

J. K. Lord [C.J.

N.A.Bound.Comm.[P.].
R. B. Ross [C.].
N. A. Bound. Conim. [P.].
Prof. Steere [P.].
Sclater Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i I . TYEANNUS.

269

i'. Jr. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
k'. 2 ad. sk.

Ecuador {Gerrard).
Sarayacu, Peru ( Whitehj).
Nauta, Upper Amazons
{Bart/etl).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Goduian Coll.

2. Tyrannus verticalis.

Tyrannus verticalis, Say, in Long's JExped. ii. p. 60 ; Board, B. N. Am.

p. 173 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 235 ; Brown, Ibis, 1868, pp. 419, 420

(Vancouver I.) ; Scl. et Sal 'v. Numencl. p. 53; Ridgw. Ann. Lye.

N. Y. x. p. 394 ; id. P. U.S. K. M. i. pp. 424, 468, 479 ; id. Man.

A. A. B. p. 330 ; Baird, Brew, et Ridqw. N. A. B. ii. p. 324 :

Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433.
Muscicapa verticalis, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 18, pi. ii. fig. 2.
Lapkyctes verticalis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 77.

Above light grey, with a greenish tinge on the back ; concealed
vertical crest orange ; wings brown ; tail black, outer web of outer
rectrix white : beneath, throat and breast grey, belly yellow ; under
wing-coverts dull yellow ; outer primaries attenuated ; tail slightly
forked ; bill and feet dark brown : whole length 8 inches, wing 5,
tail 4-9. Female similar.

Hob. Western North America, and south to Guatemala.

«-c. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel.

d. cJ ad. sk. Yreka, Siskayou County, Ca-
lifornia ( Faille).

e,f. Ad. sk. West Side,Rocky Mountains.

g. cjad.sk. Fort Tej on, California (Xan-
tus).

h. tf ad. sk. Banning, California.

i. 2 ad. sk. Coahuila Valley, California.

j. $ jr. sk. Magana River, California.

k. (S ad. sk. Petalunia, California (Sa-
muels).

I. Ad. sk. California.

m. Ad. sk. Nebraska ( Warren).

n. Ad.sk. Duenas, Guatemala (Oates).

o. 5 ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San
Diego (Salvin).

N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. K. Lord, Esq. [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.
G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.
G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.
Sclater CoU.

Lord Walsingbam [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Tyrannus vociferans.

Tyrannus vociferans, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 273 ; id. Phil. Mag.
1827, i. p. 368 ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 174 ; Scl. Ibis, 185!t, p. 4:;i)-
id. Cat. A. B. p. 235 ; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 383 (Oaxaca), et 1864,
p. 176 (Mexico) ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 ; iid. Nbmencl.
p. 53 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 480, v. pp. 531, 541, et vi. p. 348
(California); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. X. A. B. ii. p. 327; Coues
Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433 ; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 330.

Tyrannus cassinii, Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. v. p. 39, pi. 3. fig. 2(1858).

Laphyctes vociferans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 77.

Muscicapa satelles, Lie/it. in Mus. Berol.

Above grey, with an olivaceous tinge on the back ; concealed

270

TYRANNIC.

vertical crest scarlet ; wings brown ; tail black, with a narrow pale
tip : beneath, throat white ; breast cinereous ; abdomen yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; outer primaries acuminated ; tail
nearly squared ; bill and feet black : whole length 8*5 inches, wing
5-2, tail 4*8. Female similar.

Hah. Southern California, Arizona, Texas, Mexico, and Guate-
mala.

Readily distinguishable from the allied species T. verticalis by
the want of the conspicuous white outer web of the outer rectrix
and by the deeper ashy fore neck.

a. Ad. sk. Los Nogales, Mexico (Baird). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Northern Mexico ( Ward). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Mexico (de Saussure). Sclater Coll.
e-g. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

h. S ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. 2 ad- sk. Salania, Guatemala {Salvia). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Tyrannus niveigularis.

Tyrannus niveigularis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 281, et 1880, p. 29, pi. id. ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53 ; Tacz. F. Z. S.
1877, pp. 320, 753 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 329 ; Pid(/w. P. U.S.
N. M. i. p. 479 ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 1 22 (Ecuador).

Wing-end of Tyrannus niveigularis, from beneath. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.)

Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tinge on the lower back ; head
darker, with a concealed vertical crest of bright yellow ; wings and
tail black ; secondaries and wing-coverts edged with white : beneath,

77. TYRANNUS. 271

throat and breast white, the latter with a slight greyish tinge ; abdo-
men and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; outer primaries
slightly acuminated ; tail squared ; bill and feet black : whole length
7 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3"2.
Hub. Western Ecuador.

a.

Ad. sk.

Intac, Ecuador (Buckley).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

b.

$ ad. sk.

Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fra-

Sclater Coll. (Type

ser).

of the species.)

c.

Ad. sk.

Ecuador.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. Tyrannus crassirostris.

Tyrannus crassirostris, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 278 ; id. Phil.
Mag. 1827. i. p. 368 ; Scl. Ibis, 1859, p. 439 ; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 19
(W. Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 236 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860,
p. 399 (Guatemala) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 53 ; Lawr. Bull. U.S. N. M.
no. 4, p. 28 (Oaxaca) ; Bidgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 472 ; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 329.

Muscicapa giiatho, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Melittarchus crassirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80 ; iid.
J.f. O. 1855, p. 478.

Megarhynchus crassirostris, Finscli, Abh, not. Bremen, 1870, p. 329.

Above dull brownish cinereous, sometimes with a slight olivaceous
tinge ; cap darker, with a concealed yellow vertical crest ; wings
and tail brownish : beneath, throat white ; breast with a slight
cinereous tinge ; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill and feet blackish ; outer primaries slightly attenuated ;
tail nearly square : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 5-1, tail 4.
Female similar.

Hab. "Western Mexico and Guatemala.

The huge bill separates this bird from the other continental species,
and the yellow belly from the rest of the section Melittarchus.

a, b. $ 5 ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll.
rer).

c. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. rf ad. sk. Caooprieto (Tekuantepec), Salvin-Godman Coll.

Mexico (Sumichrast).

f. g. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

k. 2 ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

vin).

6. Tyrannus griseus.

Le Tyran, Daub. PI. Fnl. 537.

Tyrannus dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 394, pi. 38. fig. 2; Gosse,
"B. Jam. p. 169 (1847); StricM. Ann. $ Mag. X. H. viii. p. 372
(1842) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 172 ; Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 146
(St, Croix) ; Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 143 (Carta-
gena) ; Albrccht, J.f. O. 1862, p. 199 (Jamaica) : Bryant, J.f. O.
1866, p. 182 (Porto Pico); Baird, Brew, et Bidgw. N. A. B.

272 TYRANNIDiE.

ii. p. .310, pi. 4.3. fig. 8 (1874) ; Allen, Bull. Mus. C. Z. ii. p. .300
(Florida) ; Con/, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 153 (1881) ; id. Birds
of Haiti and S. Domingo, p. 77 (1885); Midgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 470, vii. p. 172 (W. Indies'), et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan) ; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 329 ; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433.

Tyramms griseus, Vieill, Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 76, pi. 46 (1807) ; Swains.
* Quart. Journ, Sci. xx. p. 276 (1826) ; Gray, Gen. i. p. 247 (1847) ;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 192 (1850); Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 236; March,
Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1863, p. 287 (Jamaica) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 169 (Porto Rico) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 98 (Sombrero)
et p. 182 (Nicaragua) ; Bryant, Pr'. Bod. Soc. Nat. Mist. xi. p. 90
(1866); Cory, B. Bahama, i. p. 99 (1880); id. Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, vi. p. 153 (1881).

Tyrannus matutinus, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 850 (1823) ; Salle, P. Z. S.
"1857, p. 232 (St. Domingo).

Tyrannus tiriri, Temm. Tabl. Meth, p. 24 (1836).

Melittarchus dominiceusis, Cab. J. f. O. iii. p. 478 (1855) ; id. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 80 (1859).

Lanius tyrannus, var. B. dominicensis, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 302 (1788).

Muscicapa dominicensis, Aud, Orn. Bioar. ii. p. 392, pi. 170 (1834) ;
id. B. Am. i. p. 201, pi. 55 (1840).

Tyrannulus dominicensis, Jard. Contr. Orn. p. 67 (1850).

Melittarchus griseus, Gundl. Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. vii. p. 192
(1878) (Porto Rico).

Above grey ; concealed vertical crest scarlet ; ear-coverts blackish ;
wings and tail brownish black ; wing-coverts and secondaries edged
with white : beneath white ; sides of breast and flanks tinged with
cinereous; nnder wing-coverts white, faintly stained with lemon-
yellow ; outer primaries acuminated ; tail slightly forked ; bill and
feet black : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4-8, tail 3-9. Female
similar.

Hab. Florida, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and coasts of Central
America.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Mrs. Bryant [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

a. $ ad. sk.

New Providence, Bahamas

(Blake).

b-d. Ad. sk.

San Cristobal, Cuba (Gau-

nter).

e,f. Ad. sk.

San Cristobal, Cuba.

g. Ad. sk.

Cuba.

h. Ad. sk.

Jamaica.

i,j. Ad. sk.

St. Domingo (Salle).

k. Ad. sk.

Porto Rico (Taylor).

1, Ad. sk.

Porto Rico (Bryant).

m. Ad. sk.

Porto Rico (Bryant).

n. Ad. sk.

Porto Rico (Bryant).

o. Ad. sk.

North coast of Porto Rico

(Salvin).

p. S ad. sk.

St. Croix, W. I. (Salvin).

q. (J ad. sk.

Santa Marta,U. S. C. (Simons)

r. <$ jr. sk.

Panama (McLeannan).

77. TYBANNUS. 273

7. Tyrannus rostratus.

Tyrannus rostratus, Scl Ibis, 1864, p. 87 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 272
(St. Lucia) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama) ; iid. No-
tnencl. p. 53; Sender, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 651 (St. Lucia) ; Laior.
P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 60 (Dominica), p. 191 (St. Vincent), p. 234
(Antigua), p. 240 (Barbuda), p. 271 ( Grenada), p. 358(Martiuique) ;
Eidyw. P. U.S. A. M. i. p. 470 ; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vin-
cent) ; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent), p. 475 (Grand Terre).

Tyrannus magnirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 236 (err.).

Similar to T. griseiis, but witb a considerably larger bill : whole
length 8"5 inches, wing 4-7, tail 3-7.
Hub. Lesser Antilles.

a, b. cS 2 ad- sk- Dominica, W. I. (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c,d. £ 2 ad.sk. Dominica, W. I. {Ober). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll.

ff, h- 6 2 ad. sk. St. Vincent, W. I. (Richard- Sclater Coll.

son).

i. Ad. sk. Martinique (?). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

j, k. <$ 2 ad. sk. Grenada, W. I. (Wells). Sclater Coll.

8. Tyrannus magnirostris.

Tyrannus magnirostris, W Orb. in La Sap-a's Cuba, p. 69, pi. 13 j

Bryant, P. B. S. N. H. xi. p. 66 (Bahamas) ; Gundl. J. f. 0.

1872, p. 421 (Cuba) ; Set. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 53 ; Bidyiv. P. U.S.

N. M. i. p. 469 ; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 328.
Melittarchus magnirostris, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 477; Cab. et

Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80.

Above brownish grey, head blackish, with a concealed vertical
crest of deep orange; wings and tail blackish, with white edgings
to the secondaries and wing-coverts : beneath white, under wing-
coverts tinged with pale lemon-yellow ; outer primaries slightly
attenuated ; tail slightly rounded ; bill much swollen ; bill and feet
black : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 5'3, tail 3-9. Female similar.

Hub. Cuba, and occasionally Bahamas and Yucatan.

At once recognizable by its large size and powerful bill.

a. Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. Tyrannus melancholicus.

Suiriri guazu, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 152.

Tyrannus melancholicus, Uieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 48 ; id. Enc.
Meth. p. 851 ; iVOrb. Toy., Ois. p. 311 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 151 ; L'urm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 41'4 ; id. La-Plata lieise, ii. p. 452 ;
id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 245 (La Plata) ; Cab. in Sciiomb. Guian. iii.
p. 700; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota), 1856,p. 141 (Veragua),
p. 297 (Mexico), 1858, p. 70 (Rio Napo), p. 457 (Ecuador), 1860,
pp. 92, 281 (Ecuador), lb07, p. 342 (Peru) ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 439,
vol. xrv. T

274 TTRANNIDJ5.

1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 235 ; Laivr. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 295, ix. pp. 116, 237 ; id. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 271 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189
(Ucayali), 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 142 (Arg.
Rep.), p. 168 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras), 1873, p. 281
(E. Peru), 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia), p. 616 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 53 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117 ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 176; G. C.
Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 113 (Honduras) ; E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 87 (W. Indies); JEider, J.f. O. 1867, p. 227 (Brazil); Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Finseh, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 572
(Trinidad) ; Bed. J. f. O. 1873, p. 262 (S. Brazil), et 1884,
p. 304 (Bucaramanga) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1877, p. 326,
1879, p. 236, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 327; Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para); Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos
Ayres) ; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448
(Yucatan) ; Eidgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 473, et vii. p. 173
(W. Indies) ; Salv. et Godm, Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia) ; Forbes,
Ibis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil) ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334
(Colombia); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Anr. Rep.); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Brit.
Guiana) ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, 1884, p. 298, et
1885, pp. 68, 93 (Ecuador) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay) ;
Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 138 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Orn.
1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Bariwvs, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI.
viii. p. 202 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 158.

Muscicapa despotes, Licht. Doubl. p. 55.

Muscicapa furcata, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 15, pi. xix.

Tyrannus furcatus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 884 ; Euler, J. f. O. 1867,
'pp. 189, 190, 194, 198 (Brazil).

Tyrannus crudelis, Sw. Quart. Jonm. Sc. xx. p. 275.

Laphyctes nielancholicus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76.

Muscicapa satrapa, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Laphyctes satrapa, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 77 ; Cab. J. f. O.
1861, p. 251.

Tyrannus satrapa, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 235 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
viii. p. 182, ix. p. 204 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama),
1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia).

Tyrannus couchi, Baird, B. N. A. p. 175 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 235 ;
id. Ibis, 1859, p. 439 (Mexico); Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 472
(Texas).

Tyrannus nielancholicus couchi, Baird, Breiu. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.
p. 329 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 474, et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan) ;
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 329 ; Coues, Key iV. A. B. 1884, p. 434.

Above grey with a slight greenish tinge ; head with a concealed
vertical crest of scarlet and yellow ; lores and ear-coverts blackish ;
wings and tail brownish black, with more or less of paler margins :
beneath yellow, throat greyish white, breast more or less greyish ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet black : outer primaries
attenuated ; tail deeply forked : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6
tail 4. Female similar.

Hub. Mexico and Central and South America down to Buenos
Ayres.

I do not think it possible to divide this species satisfactorily, even
into subspecies.

77. TYRANNUS.

275

a, b. $ J iid. sk.
c,d. (S jad.sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i, j. Ad. sk.
ft. Ad.sk.
1. S ad. sk.
m-o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q-u. Ad. sk.

y. Ad. sk.

tv-y. Ad. sk.

z. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.

b'. Ad. sk.
c'. cf ad. sk.
d'. Jr. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.

/. Jr. sk.
q'. Ad. sk.
>*'. $ ad. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
?', ft', cf ? ad.

sk.
/'. Ad.sk.
m'. Ad. sk.

w'. Ad. sk.

o'. Ad. sk.
p'. cf ad. sk.
q', r\ Ad. sk.
s'. Ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.
u', v'. Ad. sk..
to'. Ad. sk.
.(', y'. Ad. sk.
=', a", cf 2 ad.

sk.
b". 2 ad. sk.
c",d". cf 2 ad. ;
e". cf jr. sk.
/". Ad. sk.

//". Ad. sk.

ft". Ad. sk.
i". rf ad. sk.
/", ft". Ad. sk.

Mazatlan, VV. Mexico (Forrer).

Presidio, Mexico {Forrer).

Acapulco, Mexico (Markham).

Tekuautepec (Sumickrasi).

Orizaba, Mexico {Butter i).

Mexico.

Mexico.

Progreso, Yucatan {Deris).

Merida, Yucatan (Gaunter).

Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer).

Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).

Cozumel Island, Yucatan {Gau-
mer) .

Mugeres Island, Yucatan (Gau-
mer).

Jolbox Island, Yucatan (Gau-
mer).

Meco Island, Yucatan {Gnumer).

Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
caneaux.)

Coban, Vera Paz {Salvin).

Duefias, Guatemala {Salvin).

Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).

Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica
(Arce).

Tucurriqui, Oosta Rica (Arce).

Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers).

Castillo, Veragua (Arci).

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama {McLeannan).

Paraiso Station, Pa,nn.ma(IIityhes).
Choco Bay, Panama.

Atauques, Santa Marta, U. S. C.

( Simons).
Santa Marta, U. S. C.
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon).
Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Vic. of Quito.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Tobago {Kirk).
Trinidad.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana ( Wliitely).

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
( Whitely).

Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama-
zons ( Wallace).

Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal-
lace).

Para (Layard).

Yquitos, I'pper Amazons.

Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes),

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Lieut. Kellett and
Capt. Wood [C.J.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
t2

276 TYRANNIM2.

1".

cJ ad. sk.

Ill"

$ ad. sk.

n"

Ad. sk.

o".

Ad. st.

P"

cJ ad. sk.

q".

Ad. st.

r".

Ad. sk.

s".

cJ ad. sk.

t"

c? ad. sk.

u"

. Ad. sk.

v"

Ad. sk.

to'

. cJ ad. sk.

x1'

Ad. sk.

y"

Ad. sk.

a".

Ad. sk.

a '

. Ad. sk.

b"

. Skeleton.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).

Brazil. Sclater Coll.

Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothe-

say [P.].

Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil. Purchased.

Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.].

Conchitas, Arg. Pep. (Hudson). Sclater Coll.

Conchitas, Arg. Pep. (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].

Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Sclater Coll.

Pampas of Arg. Republic {Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.

bold).

Cangalli, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bolivia [D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.

Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

Lima, Peru {Nation). Sclater Coll.

Eyton Coll.

10. Tyrannus apolites.

Lapliyctes apolites, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 77.
Tyrannus apolites, Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 478.

Similar to T. melancholicus, but smaller, bill shorter and weaker ;
cap blackish, not greyish ; darker back and mucb paler belly ;
first five primaries acuminated : whole length 7 inches, wing 4-2,
tail 3-7.

Hah. S.E. Brazil (?).

The unique specimen of this curious bird has been kindly lent to
me for examination by Herr Heine. I think it belongs to a distinct
species, most nearly allied to T. melancholicus, and Graf v. Ber-
lepsch is of the same opinion. Judging from the " make " I should
say the skin is from S.E. Brazil (Rio).

11. Tyrannus albogularis.

Tyrannus albogularis, Burnt. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 465; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 53; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 572 ; Scl P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29 ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 477; Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 139.

Above greenish olive ; head cinereous, with a blackish stripe
through the eye ; concealed vertical crest scarlet ; wings brownish
black, with slight whitish edgings to the secondaries ; tail black :
beneath, throat white, abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; five outer primaries emarginatcd at the tips ; tail deeply
forked ; bill and feet black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-3, tail 4.
Female similar.

Hah. Interior of Brazil.

A perfectly distinct species, distinguishable from T. melancholicus

78. MILVULUS. 277

yellow breast, more greenish back, i
a. J ad. st. Goyaz, Brazil (batterer). Sclater Coll.

by its pure white tbroat, yellow breast, more greenish back, and
deeply forked tail.

Tail (from above) and wing (from beneath) of Ti/ramus alboqularis.
(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.)

78. MILVULUS.

Type

Milvulus, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 165 (1827) M. tyrannus.

Despotes, lieichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) M. tyrannus.'

The long forked tail at once distinguishes this genus from
Tyrannus. Tho two known species extend from Texas and Mexico
to the Argentine Republic.

Key to the Species.

A. Cap black ; flanks white ; outer rectrix much

longer than next 1. tyrmmus, p. 277.

B. Cap grey ; flanks rosy ; two outer rectrices

nearly equally elongated 2. forficatm, y. 279.

1. Milvulus tyrannus.
Muscicapa tyrannus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325.
Tyrannus savana, Vieill Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 72, pi. 43: id. Enc. Meth.

p. 853; Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 282.
Muscicapa savana, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 1, pi. i. fijr. 1.
Tyrannus (Milvulus) monachus, Hartl. Bev, Zoo/. 1844. p 2J4
Despotes tyrannus, Bp. Not. Orn. p. 87.
Milvulus monachus, Sclater, Bis, 1850, p. 439 (Mexico) ; id P Z S

278 TYRANNIDJE.

1859, p. 384 (S.W. Mexico) ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 (Guate-
mala) ; Taylor, Ibis, I860, p. 114 (Honduras) ; Laivr. Ann. Li/r.
N. Y. vii. p. 295 ; Baird, II. N. Am. p. 108.

Milvulus tyrannus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 699 ; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 78 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, 1858, p. 358, et
1859, p. 55 (Honduras) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1861,
p. 251 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama),
1867, pp. 578, 978 (Lower Amazons), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 516 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 53 ;
Latvr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 177, ix. p. 116; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 149, et 1870, p! 199 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318
(Nicaragua), et 1885, p. 299 (Br. Guiana); Frants. J.f O. 1869,
p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia) : Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa
Rica), et vi. p. 375 (Nicaragua) ; Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos
Ayres) ; Salo. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Santa Marta) ; Gibson,
Ibis, 1880, p. 26 (Buenos Ayres), et 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay) ;
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.) ; Perl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 304; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 435 (Venezuela); Taez. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 332 ; Cones, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 431 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitsehr.
ges. Orn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Barrows, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. CI. ii. p. 203 (Entrerios) ; Scl. et Buds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 160.

Tyrannus violentus, Vieill. Noxiv. Diet. xxxv. p. 89 ; id. Enc. Mcth.
p. 854 {ex Azara, no. 190) ;' Bunn. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 467; id. La-
Plata Peise, ii. p. 453; id. J. f. O. 'i860, p. 245 (La Plata);
Sternberg, J.f O. 18G9, pp. 131, 258.

Muscicapa violenta, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 378 (1825).

Tyrannus tyrannus, a" Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 310.

Milvulus violentus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 78 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 118 ; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 142 (Conchitas) ; Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras.
p. 133.

Above cinereous, rump blackish ; cap jet-black, with a concealed
yellow vertical crest ; wings dark brown ; tail black, outer web of
outer rectrix white: beneath white; bill and feet black; three
outer primaries excised at the tips: whole length 15 inches, wing
4-G, tail — outer recti*. 12, middle rectr. 3. Female similar, but
outer tail-feathers not usually so long.

Hab. Mexico and Central and South America, down to pampas of
Argentine Republic.

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Mexico (Boueard). Solater Coll.

c,d. c? j ad. sk. Pine-ridge of Poctum, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Guatemala (Salein).
e. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.

/. $ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Belt).
g, h. 3 $ ad. sk. Tun-ialba, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).
i. Jr. sk. Orosi, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.

miol).
j. 3 ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Rogers).
k. S ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arec). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. cJ ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll

MILVULUS.

279

m. J jr. sk.
n, o. d ad. sk.
p. S ad. sk.

q. 2 a<l. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s, t. Jr. sk.

u, y. Ad. sk.

w. Ad. st.

.r. Ad. st.

y, $ ad. ; s. $ ad.

a'. J jr. sk.
b'. tf ad. sk.

e'. $ ad. sk.

d'. $ ad. sk.

e'. Ad. sk.
/. Jr. sk.

(/'. <$ ad. sk.

h', i'. c? 2 ad. sk.

j'. Jr. sk.

k', I', d ad. sk.

to'-. 2 ad. sk.

«', o'. tf 2 ad. sk.

p', q'. Ad. sk.

r'. rf ad. sk.

s'. cJ ad. sk.
P. c? ad. sk.

Veragua (Arce).
Panama (McLeanuan).
San Sebastian, Santa Marta,

U. S. C. (Simons).
Medellin.U. S. C. (Salmon).
Bogota.
Bucaramanga, U. S. C.

(Minlos).
Tobago (Kirk).
British Guiana.
S. America.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana

( Whitehj).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Guia, Upper Rio Negro

(Wallace).
Mexiana ( Wallace) .
Yquitos, Upper Amazons

( Whitely).
Para (La yard).
Pernarnbuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).
Brazil.
Uruguay.
Monte Video.

Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Ley-
bold).
Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Leybold).
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres.

2. Milvulus forficatus.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Jardine Coll.
R. Geogr. Soc.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

[P.].

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Alan Peel [C.].
W. G. Lettsom [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Durnford [C.].

Muscicapa forflcata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931 ; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept.
i. p. 71 ; Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 15, pi. 2. fig. 1.

Milvulus forficatus, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 225 ; Baird, B. X. Am. p. 169 ;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 79 ; Bp. Not. Orn. p. 87 ; Sclat.
Ibis, 1859, p. 439 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 121; iid. Nomencl. p. 53; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114; ^Hon-
duras) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 472 (Texas) ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 116 ; Frantz.
J.f. 0. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nica-
ragua); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas) ; Ridgw. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. x. p. 394 ; id. P. U.S. N. M. vi. pp. 374, 384 (Nica-
ragua) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Coues, Kei/
N. A. B. 1884, p. 431.

Tyrannus mexicanus, Steph. Gen. Zool., Birds, xiii. pt. 2, p. 134.

Muscicapa spectabilis, Livid, in Mus. Berol.

Above grey ; slight concealed vertical crest crimson ; -wings
brownish black, coverts and secondaries edged with white ; tail — six
middle rectrices black, three outer pairs white, more or less stained
with rosaceous, and with the apical portions black : beneath paler,
nearly white, axillaries deep rosy red ; flanks, crissumt and under

280

MXYRIUMPinnjE.

wing-coverts more or less stained with the same colour ; first primary
emarginated ; two outer rectrices of nearly equal length ; bill brown ;
feet blackish : whole length 13 inches, wing 5, tail — outer rectr.
S, middle rectr. 2- 8. Female similar, but outer tail-feathers not
usually so long.

Hah. Texas, ITexico, and Central America down to Costa Rica.

a-c. Ad. st.

d. S ad. sk.

e. J ad. sk.
/. 3 ad. sk.

g,h. tf J ad.sk.
ij- 6 2 ad- sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. d jr. sk.
m. c? ad. sk.
n. 2 ad. sk.

Central America.
Texas (Heimami).
Texas (Baird).
Scullv-ville, Texas

(McCarthey).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Cobau, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz.

Duenas, Guatemala (Salvin).
Costa Rica (Canniol).
Sucuya, Nicaragua (Nutting).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

Family II. OXYRHAMPHIDiE.

The single genus Oxyrhamphus, which constitutes this family,
is at once recognizable from the Tyrannidce by its straight, sharp-
pointed bill, which is beset on the lores and front and under the
chin by numerous small and short bristly feathers, and by the
serration of the outer web of the outer primary. The tarsus is
exaspidean, as in the Tyrannidce. The digits are nearly free, as in
the Oscinee. (See page 2.)

Three closely allied species of this genus are known from various
points of the Neotropical Region.

1. OXYRHAMPHUS.

Type.

Oxyrhynohus, Temm. PL Col, t. 12o (1823) O. flammiceps.

Oxyrhaniphus, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 420 (1841) O. flammiceps.

Structure of Oxyrhaniphus.

1. OXYRHAMPHUS. 281

Key to the Species.

Beneath pale yellowish green, with blackish
shaft-spots :

| plumage duller : tail longer 1. Jlammicejjs, p. 2S1.

I plumage brighter : tail shorter 2. /rater, p. 281.

Beneath white, flanks and belly tinged with

green, with blackish shaft-spots 3. kypoylaucus, p. 282.

1. Oxyrhainphus flainmiceps.

Oxyrhvnchus flainmiceps, Temm. PL Col. 125 ; Cab. et Heine, Mus.

ffein. ii. p. 31 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 1G0.
Oxyrhainphus flainmiceps, Gray, List of Gen. (1841), p. 23 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 211 ; Barm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 33 ; Peheln, Orn. Bras.

p. 42 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 41.
Oxyrhynchus cristatus, Sic. Zool. III. pi. 49.
Oxyrhvnchus serratus, Mikan, Del. Flor. et Faun. Bras, (cum fig.).

Above green, wings and tail blackish brown edged with green ;
centre of crown black, with a large median crest, occupying the
vertex, of bright fiery red ; superciliaries and sides of head pale
greenish, with black spots : beneath pale yellowish, thickly covered
with black shaft-spots ; middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale
sulphur-yellow ; bill plumbeous ; feet blackish : whole length 6-5
inches, wing 3-7, tail 2-5. Female similar, but red crest perhaps
not quite so bright.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Youds).

b. Ad. st. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.].
e. Ad. st. Brazil. Eyton Coll.

d. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

e,f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Oxyrhamphus frater.

Oxyrhamphus frater, Scl. et. Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 326 ; iid. Ex. Orn.

p. 131, t. 66; iid. Nomencl. p. 41.
Oxyrhynchus frater, Salrin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 194 (Veragua).
Oxvrhvnchus rlammiceps, Laicr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 106 (Costa

Rica").

Nearly similar to 0. flammiccps, but brighter ; margins of the
secondaries and wing-coverts broader and of a lighter and more
yellowish colour ; tail shorter.

Hub. Costa Rica and Veragua.

a. J ad. ; b. $ Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. ; c. 2 jr. sk.
d. 5 jr. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)
e,f. cJ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

'2S2 riPRiD.j'..

g. & ad. ; h. J jr. sk. Veragua (Arcf). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

*". Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

3. Oxyrhamphus hypoglaucus.

Oxvrhamphus hvpoglaucus, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1883, p. 20(5 ;
Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 291.

Above green ; -wings and tail brownish black edged with green ;
the margins of the coverts and secondaries broader and more yel-
lowish ; large vertical crest scarlet, bordered by black on each side :
beneath white, with a faint greenish tinge on the sides of the breast
and flanks, and covered with numerous blackish shaft-spots ; middle
of belly white ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; bill above horn-
colonr, beneath whitish ; feet plumbeous : whole length 6*3 inches,
wing 3"6, tail 2-5. Female similar.

I lab. Guiana.

a. J ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. )

( Whitely). >

b, c. c? ad. ; d, e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. )
Jad.sk. {Whitely). (Types of the species.)

/. $ ad. ; g, h. $ Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

ad. sk. {Whitely).

Family III. PIPRID.^.

The Pipridce, of which about 70 species are known, have been
usually regarded as merely a subfamily of the Cotingicke, and the
two groups are certainly very closely allied. But as regards their
exaspidean tarsi, the Pipridce come nearer the Tyrannidce, and they
are further distinguished from most of the Uotingidce by their
greater syndactylism. They are dentirostral Oligophones, mostly of
small size, and generally of bright plumage in the male sex. (See
page 2.)

The Pipridce are entirely confined to the Neotropical Region,
over which they range from Central America to Paraguay and the
confines of La Plata.

Key to the Subfamilies of Pipridae.

A. Bill short, much expanded at the

base ; terminal notch slight ;
rictus almost smooth ; tarsi
slender. Sexes usually dissimilar,
and colours of males brilliant, of
females dull 1. PIPBINJE, p. 283.

B. Bill more elongated and much

compressed ; terminal notch dis-
tinct ; rictus more or less bristled ;
tarsi stronger. Sexes alike or
nearly so, and colours mostly
dull 2. PTILOCIILORIKjE, p. 316.

1. PIPRITES.

2$3

Subfamily I. PIPPJN.E.

Key to the Genera.

A. Tail rather lengthened.

a. Frontal feathers recumbent.

a'. Tail squared or slightly rounded.
a". Without a nuchal crest.

a'". Bill shorter 1. Piprites, p. 283.

!/'". Bill longer :

I mesorhinium compressed 2. Chloropipo, p. 286.
| mesorhinium rounded . . 3. Xenopipo, p. 287.

/>". With a nuchal crest 4. Ceratopipra, p. 288.

V. Outer tail-feathers much elongated 5. Cirrhopipra, p. 289

b. Frontal feathers erect.

c'. Bill short, widened at the base ;
front crested.

| Tarsi shorter ; scutes divided. 6. Metopia, p. 290.
) Tarsi longer; scutes united. 7. Masius, p. 290.
d' . Bill long, much constricted ; front

not crested 8. Metopothrex, p. 292.

B. Tail short.

c. Wings of males normal.

J Bill wider 9. Pipra, p. 292.

| Bill more compressed 10. Neopipo, p. 303.

d. Wings of males modified.

e'. Stems of secondaries thickened . . 11. Machjeropterus, p. 303.
/'. Stems of primaries thickened.

c". Primaries straight 12. Chiroxiphia, p. 307.

d'1. Primaries curved.

1 Middle tail-feathers length-

< ened 13. Helicura, p. 311.

| Tail squared 14. ChiromaCHJeris, p. 312.

1. PIPRITES.

Tiprites, Cab. Ti iegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234 (1847). ... P. pileatus.
Hemipipo, Cab. ibid. (1847) P. chloris.

The short, strong, Parine bill, strong feet, and less united toes
sufficiently distinguish this little group of five species, which
extends from Costa Eica to Brazil. The first species shows these
characters to excess, the other four (Jlctnipipo) are not so divergent
in structure.

Key to the Species.

A. Bill shorter; back red : sexes distinct (Piprites). 1. pileatus, p. 284.

B. Bill longer ; back green : sexes similar ( Hemi-

pipo).

a. Cap olivaceous ; front yellowish.
a'. Abdomen yellowish olive.

j Larger ; nape olivaceous 2. chloris, p. 284.

I Smaller ; nape greyish •'!. tschudu, p. 28 I.

b'. Abdomen cinereous 4. ch/orimi, p. i's").

b. Cap and front cinereous 5. oriseiceps, p. 285.

2S4

1. Piprites pileatus.

Pipra pileata, Temm. PI. Col. 172. tig. 1.

Piprites pileatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 174; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 24G; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 53.

Above dark chestnut-red ; cap black ; wings black, edged with
green ; outer secondaries and wing-coverts red like the back ; tail
red, with a large central black blotch occupying the whole of the
two middle pairs of rectrices except the tips : beneath reddish
fulvous ; middle of belly and under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill
and feet pale red : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2'1.
Female similar, but upper part of the back olivaceous.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. st.

Brazil.

C.Darwin, Esq. [P.].

b, c. tf 2 ad- sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

d. $ ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Piprites chloris.

Pipra chloris, Temm. PL Col. 172. fig. 2.

Piprites chloris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 246; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 126 ; Scl. et Sab'. Nomencl. p. 53.
Hemipipo chloris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234.

Above olive-green ; lores whitish ; front rufescent ; sides of head
cinereous ; wings blackish edged with green ; broad tips of coverts
and outer secondaries white ; tail blackish, edged with green, and
tipped with white spots : beneath yellowish green ; under surface
of remiges at their bases creamy white ; bend of wing yellowish ;
bill cinereous ; feet pale brown : whole length 5-7 inches, wing 2*8,
tail 2*2. Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

3. Piprites tschudii.

Pipra chloris, Tsch, F. P., Av. p. 144.

Hemipipo tschudii, Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 99; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 539 ; Salv. et Goclm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79.

Piprites chloris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota).

Piprites chlorion, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 246 ; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 72
(Rio Napo) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190
(Ueayali), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22.

Piprites tschudii, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 334.

Similar to P. chloris, but rather smaller ; bill longer ; nape
cinereous ; lores more yellowish.

Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia.

1. rirRiTKs.

285

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

c. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

4. Piprit.es chlorion.

Hemipipo chlorion, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234.

Piprites chlorion, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126;

Salv. et Goclm. Ibis, 1882, u. 78 (Brit. Guiana) ; Salt. Ibis, 1885,

p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).

Above bright olive-green ; nape and sides of head cinereous ;
front and lores yellowish ; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined
with olivaceous ; tips of wing-coverts, broad euds of outer second-
aries, and tips of tail-feathers creamy white : beneath cinereous ;
middle of belly whiter ; throat and crissum pale yellow ; bill and
feet plumbeous : whole length 45 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-2.
Female similar.

Bab. British Guiana.

This species is at once distinguished from the former by its
yellowish throat and cinereous belly.

a. c? ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitdy).

b. Ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

c. c? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitdy).

d. Jad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Whitdy).
e,f. tf J ad. sk. Merume Mta., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).

5. Piprites griseiceps.

Piprites griseiceps, Sale. P. Z. S. 18G4, p. 583 (Costa Rica) ; Lain-.
Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f. O. 1869,
p. 309 (Costa Rica).

Above olive-greeu ; wings and tail blaclush, edged with olive ;
front, cap, and sides of head cinereous ; spot in front of eye whitish :
beneath yellowish, olivaceous on the sides ; under wing-coverts
creamy white ; bill blackish : feet cinereous : whole length 4 inches,
wing 2-5, tail 1-8.

Hab. Costa llica.

The dark ashy cap renders this species at once recognizable.

a. Ad. sk. Tucurrique, Costa Pica {Arcc). Sidvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

286 ptprid.*:.

2. CHLOROPIPO.

Type.
Chloropipo, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 90 (1859).. C. flavicapilla.

This genus was founded by Cabanis and Heine for Pipra flavi-
capilla of Colombia, which has the billot' a typical Pipra, but differs
trotn that genus in its much elongated wings and long tail. With
this may be associated for the present two species from Guiana and
Amazonia, of nearly uniform green colour in both sexes, con-
corning which there is still much to be learned.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage yellow 1. flavicapilla, p. 286.

I}. General plumage green :

(wing longer: under wing-coverts white .. 2. uniformis, p. 286.

| wing shorter ; under wing-coverts cinereous 3. holochlora, p. 287.

1. Chloropipo flavicapilla.

Pipra flavicapilla, Sclater, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9 ; id. Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 132, pi. 97. fig. 2 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota).

Chloropipo flavicapilla, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 247 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 54; iid. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia); Tacz. et Perl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).

Chloropipo flavicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91 (err.).

Pipra plumosa, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Above yellowish green ; wings and tail brown, edged with
yellowish green ; whole head above and neck with slightly elongated
feathers, bright yellow : beneath yellow, paler on the belly and
crissum ; under wing-coverts white ; bill blackish ; feet- brown :
whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female yellowish olive ;
abdomen paler, more yellow ; under wing-coverts white.

Hob. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d, e. 3 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/.' Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

</, h. c? ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Chloropipo uniformis.

Chloropipo uniformis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 447 ; Salv. Ibis,

1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).
Chloropipo unicolor, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 335 (P).

Above olive-green : beneath rather paler ; throat somewhat cine-
rascent ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet dark plumbeous :
whole length 5-4 inches, wing 3"1, tail 2-4. Female similar.

Hah. British Guiana.

«, b. cJ ad. ; c. $ Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. ( Whitely). ■ (Types of the species.)

3. XENOPIPO.

287
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, e. 3 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
f. 3 ad. sk. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
t/, h. 3 J ad. sk. Twek-quey Mt., Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brit. Guiana {Whitely).

3. Chloropipo holoclilora.

Pipra cornuta $ , Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1873, p. 282
(E. Peru).

Above uniform shining green : beneath paler, middle of abdomen
yellowish ; under wing-coverts cinereous ; upper mandible plum-
beous, lower pale brown ; feet hazel : whole length 4-5 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 1'8. Female similar ('?).

Hub. Colombia and Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota.

b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Pasto, Ecuador

(Lehmnnn).

c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley),
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

/. 3 ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Salviu-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].

3. XENOPIPO.

Type.

Xenopipo, Crt/5». in Wieym. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1817) . X. atronitens.

This is a curious type, distinguished by its flattened mesorhinium,
and the uniform shining black plumage of the male. So far as is
yet known, it is peculiar to the Guianas and Lower Amazonia.

1. Xenopipo atronitens.

Xenopipo atronitens, Cab. Wieym. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 ; id. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170 ; Teh. Orn. Bras.
p. 129; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 299
(Brit. Guiana).

Uniform shining black, not so bright below ; bill plumbeous :
feet black: whole length 4-7 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1-9. Female
green, paler beneath, throat and belly lighter.

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

a,

b. cJ ad.; c. 3

Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana

Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr. ;d,e. $ ad. sk.

(Whitely).

f.

3 ad. sk.

Brit. Guiana.

Sclater Coll.

ll-

$ ad. sk.

Demerara ( Brown).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

li.

c? ad. sk.

Oyapoc, Cayenne.

Salvin-Godman Coll

i.

3 ad. sk.

Oyapoc, Cayenne.

Purchased.

.?'•

5 ad. sk.

Rio Negro.

Sclater Coll.

k.

3 ad. sk.

Rio Icana ( Natterer).

Sclater Coll.

1,

m. 3 2 ad- sk.

Burl m {Natterer).

Sclater Coll.

n.

Ad. sk.

S. America.

Gould Coll.

288 piprid-s:.

4. CERATOPIPRA.

Type.

Ceratopipra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854) C. cornuta.

The longer tail, stronger tarsi, and peculiar extended crest seem to
separate this genus from the typical Piprce, and I have therefore
placed it apart, under the generic term suggested for it by Bonaparte.

The two known species are restricted to Guiana and Amazonia.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat red, like the head 1. cornuta, p. 288.

B. Throat black, like the belly 2. iracunda, p. 288.

1. Ceratopipra cornuta.

Fipra cornuta, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. o, pi. 7. f. 2 ; Wagl. Ibis, 1830,
p. 933; Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 696 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 444 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71 ( Rio
Napo) id. Cat. A. B. p. 248 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127 ; Cab. et
Hern. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 337.

Ceratopipra cornuta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6.

Glossy black ; whole head and neck all round, together with
elongated nuchal crest and thighs, bright scarlet ; bill and feet
whity brown : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 2-5, tail T7. Female
green : wings and tail brownish ; throat and middle of belly pale
yellowish green.

Hah. Guiana and district of llio Negro.

a. 3 ad. st. British Guiana. Purchased.

b-d. 3 ad.; e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whibdy). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

6 jr.; /• ?

ad. sk.
a, h. 3 ad. ; i, j. Roraima, Brit. Guiana {Whitely). Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk.

2. Ceratopipra iracunda. (Plate XIX.)

Pipra iracunda, Salv . et Godm. Puis, 1884, p. 447 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 300.

Glossy black ; whole head above and elongated nuchal crest and
thighs bright scarlet ; under wing-coverts black ; bill and feet
whity brown : whole length 4*4 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1/5.

Hub. Guiana and Amazonia.

I am rather doubtful whether the three young males (b, c, d)
really belong to this species, but do not know where else to place
them.

a. cJad.sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely)., Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. 3 jr. sk. Ri<> Napo. Sclater Coll.

c. 3 jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru {Bart left). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. 3 jr. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (HaiuvweU). Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. CIRRHOPIPRA. 289

5. CIRRHOPIPRA.

Type.

Cirrhipipra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 (1850) C. filicauda.

Teleonema, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. Ixiii. (1850) .... 0. filicauda.

The peculiar elongated tail-feathers render this form, which in
other respects comes very near the true Pipra, easily recognizahle.
It is rather widely spread over Amazonia, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Venezuela.

Key to the Species.

A. Outer rectrices filiform 1. filicauda, p. 289.

B. Outer rectrices acuminated 2. heterocerca, p. 289.

1. Cirrhopipra filicauda.

Pipra filicauda, Spi.v, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 8. figs. 1, 2 ; Wagl. Isis,

1830, p. 936 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 143 ; Sclater, P. Z S.

1855, p. 152 (Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 247 ; Scl. et Sain. Nomencl.

p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. I860, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 18b7, p. 579

(L. Amazons), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru) ;

Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 126 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 336 ; Burnt. Syst.

Ueb. ii. p. 446.
Cirrhipipra filicauda, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857,

p. 265 (Upper Amazons), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo).
Teleonema filicaudum, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 91.

Velvety black ; whole head and neck above scarlet, front yellow :
beneath bright yellow ; crissum black ; inner webs of wing-feathers
with a large white blotch ; bill plumbeous ; feet reddish : whole
length 5"8 inches, wing 2*6, tail 3. Female green ; wings and
tail brown with green margins : beneath paler, more yellowish ;
middle of belly yellow.

Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

a. $ ad. st. Amazons. Purchased.

b. S a(i- sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll.

c. c? ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Hauxwell). Gould Coll.

d. ^ad.sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. 5 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f,y. cJad.sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. ' 2 ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

i. <J ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

k. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

I. c? ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

m. c? ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Cirrhopipra heterocerca.

Pipra heterocerca, Scl P. Z. S. 1860, p. 313 (N. Brazil) ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.

Similar to C. filicauda, but outer rectrices acuminated and pro-
duced, not filiform.

Hab. Amazonia.
vol. xiv. u

290 PIPEIDiE.

I have never seen but one example of this bird, and regret to say
that 1 do not know where that now is. It is perhaps rather a
doubtful species.

6. METOPIA.

Type.

Metopia, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 254 (1837) M. galeata.

Antilophia, Reichenb. Ac. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) M. galeata.

This ornamental form, distinguished by its splendid scarlet crest
and head and long rounded tail, is found only in the interior of
South Brazil and Bolivia, where Natterer tells us it frequents
marshy places and keeps near the ground.

1. Metopia galeata.

Pipra galeata, Licht. Doubl. p. 28 (1823) ; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 939 ;

Sic. B. Brazil, pi. 23.
Pipra wiedii, Less. Tr. (V Om. i. p. 258.
Metopia galeata, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 254 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170 ; Burm.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 440 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 252; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 129; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p 55 ; (id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia).
Antil.iphia galeata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5.

Velvety black ; erect frontal crest, cap, and upper part of back
bright scarlet ; bill and feet brown : whole length 6-2 inches,
wing 3*1, tail 2*7. Female. Dull olive-green, paler below.

Hab. S. Brazil and Bolivia.

a. 6 ad. st. Brazil. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].

b. 3 ad. ; c. <3 Brazil. Purchased,
jr. st.

d, e. 3 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salviu-Godman Coll.

f. 3 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

g,h. 3 $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

i. 2 ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

7. MASIUS.

Type.

Masius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175 (1850) M. chrysopterus.

Anticorys, Cab. et Heme, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90 (1859). M. chrysopterus.

As in Metopia, the frontal feathers in Masius are erect and pro-
duced, and the tail is rounded. But the tarsi are longer, thinner,
and more nearly smooth, and the tail is proportionately not so
long. The two known species are restricted to Colombia and
Ecuador.

Key to the Species.

A. Tips of crest-feathers slightly constricted,

rufous orange 1. chrysopterus, p. 291.

B. Tips of crest-feathers much constricted, pale

brown 2. coronulatm, p. 291.

7. masius. 291

1. Masius chrysopterus.

Pipra chrysoptera, Lnfr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 97 ; id. Mag. de Zool.

1843, Ois. pi.. 44; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pi. 67. fig. 1.
Masius chrysopterus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855,

p. 152; id. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; Tacz.

et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Eastern Ecuador).
Anticorys chrysoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90.

Above velvety black ; large erect crest on tbe front and head
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with deep reddish-
orange ends, slightly constricted ; wings and tail black, with the
greater part of the inner webs of the reraiges and rectriccs of a
bright palo yellow : beneath black, large patch on throat yellow ;
bill and feet reddish: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1-8
Female. Olive-green : beneath pale, belly yellowish.

Hub. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador.

a, b. $ ad. ; e. J

Bogota.

Purchased.

ad. st.

d, e. <S 2 ad.;

Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

/. d jr. sk.

g. J ad.; h,i. 2

Bogota.

Salvin-Godman Coll,

ad. ; j. <3 jr. sk.

k-m. ($ ad. sk.

Bogota.

Gould Coll.

n. <$ ad. sk.

Bogota.

Purchased.

2. Masius coronulatus.

Masius coronulatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 91 (Ecuador) ; id.
Cat. A. B. p. 247 ; Sol et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,
pp. 516, 549 (Antioquia).

Above velvety black ; large erect crest on the front and head
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with pale clear brown
ends, much constricted ; wings and tail black, with the greater part
of the remiges and rectrices of a bright palo yellow : beneath black,
large patch on throat yellow ; bill and feet reddish : whole length
4 inches, wing 2-4, tail l-6.

Female. Olive-green : beneath paler, belly yellowish.

Hob. Ecuador and Antioquia.

The specimen from Antioquia (_/) shows a slight divergence
towards M. chrysopterus (ef. Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 516).

a. c? ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b,c. c? 2 ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Colb

d, e. c? $ ad. :/. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6 jr. sk.

g, h. S ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.

i. J ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. J ad. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Sabnon), Sclater Coll.

u2

292 PIPRIDiE.

8. METOPOTHRIX. Type

Metopothrix, Scl. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 190 M. aurantiacus.

This is a very abnormal and singular form, which may perhaps
belong elsewhere, but on the whole shows most similarity to the
Pipridce. The frontal plumes are erect but short ; the tarsi are
nearly smooth, as in Masius, but shorter and rather thicker, and the
outer toe not apparently so far united to the middle toe as in the
more typical Piprce. The tail-feathers are much graduated and
pointed.

1. Metopothrix aurantiacus.

Metopothrix aurantiacus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190, pi. xviii.
(R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Tacz.
Orn. Per. ii. p. 349.

Above olive ; wings blackish, edged with olive ; frontal plumes
erect, orange : beneath paler ; throat and breast orange-yellow,
passing into pale yellowish olive on the belly ; bill brown ; feet
yellow : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2.

Hah. Eastern Peru and Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Amazons (E. Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

c. rf ad. sk. Samiria, Upp. Amazons (Haux- Salviu-Godmau Coll.

well).

d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

9. PIPFvA*.

Type.

Pipra, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 338 (1766) P. aureola.

Pythis, Bote, lets, 1826, p. 971 P. leucocilla.

Dixiphia, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) . . P. leucocilla.

Lepidothrix, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854) . . P. cyaueocapilla.

Corapipo, Bp. ibid P. gutturalis.

Dasyncetopa, Bp. ibid P. serena.

Tyranneutes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 269 P. virescens.

In the typical genus Pipra the males are generally adorned with
patches of most brilliant plumage, which present great contrasts in
their tints. The eighteen known species, all of small size, are distri-
buted throughout the hot forests of Central and Southern America,

* I am nor acquainted with Tipra opcdizans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 186, from
Para, of which the typical specimen has been lost.

9. pipea. 293

from Southern Mexico to Bolivia. The tail is short, and squared at
the end.

Key to the Species.

A. Sexes dissimilar ; males above and beneath

more or less black.

a. Throat red or yellow ; belly black :

I tail black 1. aureola, p. 293.

tail with white spot on outer rectrix. 2. Jlavicollis, p. 294.

tail with white bar 3. fasciata, p. 294.

b. Under surface black.
a'. Cap red.

a". Thighs red 4. rubricapilla, p. 295.

b". Thighs yellow :

I chin black 5. chloromeros, p. 295.

| chin yellow 6. mentalis, p. 295.

b'. Cap yellow 7. axiricapilla, p. 296.

c'. Cap white :

) rump black, like the back 8. leucocilla, p. 297.

| rump pale blue 9. isidovi, p. 298.

d'. Cap blue :

rump black 10. velutina, p. 299.

rump bluish 11. cyaneocapilla, p. 299.

rump blue 12. cceruleocapilla, p. 300.

c. Throat black ; belly yellow :

I breast-spot yellow 13. serena, p. 300.

I no yellow breast-spot 14. suavissima, p. 300.

d. Throat white ; belly black :

) crissum black 15. gutturalis, p. 301.

) crissum white 16. leucorrhoa, p. 301.

B. Sexes dissimilar; male with back green. . 17. nattereri, p. 302.

C. Sexes similar, all green 18. virescens, p. 302.

1. Pipra aureola.

Pipra aureola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339 ; Desm. Tang. pi. 54 ; Hahn ti.
Kiister, Vbg. Lief. ii. pi. 5; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 933; Cab. in
Sckomb. Guian. iii. p. 696 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173 ; Cab. et Jiein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91 ; Sel. Cat. A. B.y. 248 ; Scl. et Salt: P.Z. S.
1868, p. 168 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Felz. Orn. Bras.
p. 127; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).

Above black ; whole head and neck bright scarlet-red : beneath
black ; throat, breast, and middle line of belly scarlet, throat
tinged with yellow ; under wing-coverts and broad band across the
inner webs of the remiges white ; bend of wing yellowish ; thighs
yellow ; bill black ; feet carneous : whole length 4*5 inches, wing
2-5, tail 1-2. Female. Olive: beneath yellowish, brighter on the
middle of the belly.

Hah. Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, Yenezuela, and Trinidad.

294 PIPKIDJE.

a. 2 ad. st. S. America. H. C. Rothery, Esq.

[P.].

b, c. 2 jr. st. S. America. Purchased.

d. 3 jr. sk. Surinam. Sclater Coll.

e. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. $ ad. sk. Bartiea Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
h. 3 ad. sk. Pilar, Nueva Andalucia, Vene- Salvin-Godman Coll.

zuela (Goering).

i. 3 ad. sk. Venezuela {Goering). Sclater Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. $ ad. sk. Trinidad (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.

2. Pipra flavicollis.

Pipra flavicollis, Sclater, Contr. Om. 1851, jp. 143 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 248 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons) ; iid.

Nomenel. p. 54.
Pipra aureola (ex Borba), Teh. Orn. Bras. p. 126 (?).

Similar to P. aureola, but throat and neck pure yellow, and
outer rectrix with a small white central spot.

Hah. Lower Amazonia.

This is clearly an intermediate form between P. aureola and
P. fasciata.

a. 3 ad. sk. Barra do Bio Negro ( Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

b. 3 ad sk. Bio Negro. Purchased.

c. 2 ad. sk. Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Pipra fasciata.

Pipra fasciata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 38; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 295, pi. 30. fig. 1 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 92 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 248 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127 ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomenel. p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons),
1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 337.

Black ; whole head and neck all round and breast yellow, with
the feathers more or less tipped with crimson ; belly and under
wing-coverts yellow ; a broad white band across the inner web of
the wing-feathers, also across the base of the tail ; bill blackish ;
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-6, tail L2. Female.
Dull olive : beneath paler, abdomen yellowish.

Hab. Upper Amazonia, int. of Brazil and Bolivia.

a. $ ad. st. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].

b. 3 ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Xatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. 2ad.sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater ('nil.

d. d ad. sk. Rio Parana (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

e. 3 ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. 3 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

9. PIPEA.

295

4. Pipra rubricapilla.

Manacua rubrocapillus, Briss. Av. iv. p. 450.

Pipra ervthrocephala, var. /3, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339.

Pipra rubricapilla, Temm. Pl.Vol. 54. fig. 3 ; d'Orb. Voy.,Ois. p. 294 ;

Bp. Conap. i. p. 173; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazons) ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Forbes,

Ibis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil) ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii.

p. 92.
Pipra erythrocephala, Licht. Dvubl. p. 29 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 422 ;

Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 933 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 443.
Dixiphia rubricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6.

Black ; cap and thighs crimson-red ; under wing-coverts whitish :
bill and feet pale brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*2.
Female. Above green : beneath paler ; under wing-coverts cinereous.

Bab. Brazil and Amazonia.

a,b. c?ad.; c. $
ad. ; d, e. $
jr. sk.

f-h. 3 ad. sk.

i-k. 3 ad. sk.

/. $ ad. sk.

m, n. S ad. sk.

o, p. <3 $ ad. sk.

q. 3 ad. sk.

Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Bahia, Brazil.

Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyner).
Brazil.
Yquitos, Upper Amazons

( Wliitely).
Ega, Upper Amazons.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

5. Pipra chloromeros.

Pipra chloromeros, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271 ; id. Faun.
Per., Aves, p. 144; M. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 18G9, p. 598 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia) ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii.
p. 339.

Black : cap and nape crimson-red ; thighs yellow ; under wing-
coverts black ; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 4-3 inches,
wing 2-3, tail 1'3. Female. Green : beneath paler ; under wing-
coverts whitish.

Hub. Peru and Bolivia.

a, b. $ 5 ad- sk.

c. 3 ad. sk.

d. 3 ad. st.

e. 3 ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

CosDipata, Peru ( W hitch/).

Cosnipata, Peru (Whitcly).

Bolivia.

Bolivia.

Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

G. Pipra mentalis.

Pipra mentalis, Scl. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 299, pi. ]21, et 1859, p. 385
(Oaxaca) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Scl et Salv. Ms, 1859, p. 125 ;

290 P1FRIDJE.

iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Tanania), et 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa
Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Sale. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua) ;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica).

Black ; cap and nape crimson-red : spot on chin, thighs, and
under •wing-coverts lemon-yellow ; bill and feet pale brown : whole
length 4 inches, wing 2'3, tail 1*2. Female. Green : beneath lighter ;
belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow.

Hob. S. Mexico and Central America down to Panama.

Cordova, Mexico (Salle). Purchased.

Tizimin, N. Yucatan (Gftumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Honduras. Purchased.

Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Vera Paz (Salrin).

Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chocturu, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

Chontales, Nicaragua (Pelt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.

miol).

Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Costa Rica (Carniiol). Sclater Coll.

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

7. Pipra auricapilla.

Manacus aurocapilhis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 448, pi. 34. fig. 2.

Pipra erythrocephala, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339 ; Desm. Tany. pis. 60, 61 ;

Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 261 ; Hahn u. Kust. Viiy. Lief. xv. pi. 3. fig. 1 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 173.
Pipra auricapilla, Licht. Doubl. p. 29 ; Wayl. Isis, 1830, p. 934 ; Cab.

in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696 ; Burin. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 444 ; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 457 (Gualaquiza) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 127 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92 ; Set. et Sato. P. Z. S.

1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, pp. 680 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru),

978 (Amazonia), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad) ; Layard,

Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para) ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 573 (Trinidad) ;

Salv. et Godm. Lbis, 1880, p. 169 (Santa Marta) ; Berl. J.f. O.

1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British

Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 340.

Shining black; cap golden yellow ; thighs crimson ; bill and fee
yellowish brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 0*9.
Female. Green : beneath paler ; middle of belly yellowish.

Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia.

a,

b. J 9 ad.

st.

c.

J ad. sk.

d.

8 ad. ; e-g
ad. sk.

•2

h.
i.

<5 ad. sk.
3 ad. st.

h

3 ad. sk.

k,

U2 ad.

sk.

m

, n. $ 9 ad

. sk.

0.

8 ad. sk.

V

8 ad. sk.

9-

cJ ad. sk.

r.

8 ad. sk.

8.

9 ad. sk.

t,

u. 8 2 ad

sk.

V

8 ad. sk.

u

, x. 8 ad. ;

9 ad. sk.

y,~~

a

. rf ad. sk.

!

9. PIPRA.

2(.r,

a, b. ^ ad. st.
c. c? ad. ; d. (J

jr. sk.
e. 2 ad. sk.
/, 9- 6 2 ad- sk-

h. 6 ad. sk.
*. S ad.; y. c?

jr. sk.
ft, /. cJ ? ad. sk.

?h. c? ad. sk.

n. cJ ad. sk.

o. 6 ad. sk.

;j, q. 8 2 ad. sk.
r. c? ad. sk.
s. cJ ad. sk.
£. c? ad. sk.

«■ c? jr. ; r. J

sk.
w, .v. c? ad. sk.
y, z. <3 ad. sk.
a'. $ ad. sk.
b'-d'. <$ ad. sk.
e',f. J 2 ad. sk.
g'. 2 ad. sk.

^'. $ ad. sk.
t\ c? ad. sk.
f, ft', tf $ ad. sk.

/'. cJ ad. sk.

S. America.
Cayenne.

S. America.

Maroni River, Surinam

(Kappler).
George Town, Demerara.
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

{Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

(White!;/).
River Attapurow, Brit.

Guiana ( Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Para, Lower Amazons

( Wallace).
River Amazons ( Wallace).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell).
Cbvavetas, E. Peru (Bart-

lett).
Ckyavetas, E. Peru.

Eastern Peru (Farris).

Rio Napo, Ecuador (Buckley).

Bogota.

Bogota.

Bucaramanga, U.S.C. ( Minlos).

San Esteban, Venezuela

(Goering).
Venezuela (Goering).
Cauca. U.S.C. (Salmon).
Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C.

(Simons).
Cbepo, Istbmus of Panama

(Arce).

Purchased.

Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

E. Bartlett [C.].

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater ColL
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Oil.

8. Pipra leucocilla.

Pipra leucocilla, Linn. S. A. i. p. 340 ; Hahn u. Eiister, Vbg. Lief. x.

pi. 2; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173;

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114

(Quijos), 1855, p. 122 (Bogota), et 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon); id.

Cat. A. B. p. 249; Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 93: Waal.

If is, 1830, p. 934; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali),

1867, pp.580 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 283 (E.

Peru); iid, Nomencl. p. 54; Salv. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870,

p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana); Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 127; Layard, Pois, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 341.
Pipra leucocapilla, Gm. S. A. i. p. 1002; Desm. Tang. pi. 59; Max.

Beitr. iii. p. 427.
Pipra coracina. Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 29 (Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio

Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 93 ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 (X.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 342.

298

Shining black ; cap pure white ; hill and feet brown : whole
length 3*5 inches, wing 2-5, tail l-3. Female. Above green ; cap
with a cinereous tinge : beneath paler ; throat somewhat cinereous ;
middle of belly lighter.

llah. Veragua, and South America from Panama down to Peru
and S.E. Brazil.

After comparing a large series I am unable to draw a satisfactory
line between the northern form which I formerly kept distinct (as
P. coracina) and the southern birds. The former is perhaps
somewhat larger and more intense in colour.

a, b. <$ 2 ad. st.

c. $ ad. sk.

d. $ jr. sk.
c,f. J ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
h. tf ad. sk.

i,j. $ 2 ad. sk.

A-. 2 ad. sk.
1. c? ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk.
n. <5 ftd. sk.
o. <$ ad. sk.
p. rf ad. sk.
q. c? ad. sk.
r. 2 ad- sk.
s. d ad. sk.

t. J ad. sk.
«, v. d 2 a(l- sk.
to, z. d $ ad. sk.

y, z. J 2 ad- sk.

a', I'. $ 2 ad- sk.

c'. cJ ad. sk.

d' , e'. $ 2 ad. sk.
/', a". cT ad. ; h'. J

jr.; i',f. 2 ad.

sk.
k'. d ad. sk.

/'. ? ad. sk.
m'. tf ad. ; n'. S
jr. sk.

South America.
Chitra, Veragua (Arcs').
Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).
Santa F6, Veragua (Arce).
Veragua (Arce).
Cordillera de Tol<§, Veragua

(Arce).
Bogota.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Bio Napo, Ecuador.

Peruvian Amazons.

Ega, Upper Amazons.

R. Ucayali.

Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haux-

u-ell).
Huambo, Peru (Stohmann).
Chiromato, Peru (Stolzmann).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Maroni River, Surinam (Kap-

pler).
Para (Bayard).
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godnian Coll.
Selater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Selater Coll. (Types
of P. coracina, Scl.)
Selater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Selater Coll.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.

Selater Coll.
Selater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Selater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll

Janeiro (Youds).
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Selater Coll.

9. Pipra isidori.

Pipra isidori, Selater, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9; id. Contr. Orn. 1852
p. 1-32, pi. 100. fig. 1 ; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 1 14 (Ecuador), etl855, p. 152
(Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 342.

Black : cap pure white ; rump pale lilac-blue ; bill and feet brown :

9. PIPEA.

whole length 2-7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 0-9.
neath paler ; middle of belly yellowish.
Hah. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. $ ad. ; b, c. $

ad. sk.
d,e. S ad.;/. $

ad. sk.
ff. (3 ad. sk.
h, i. S ad. ; j. $

ad. sk.
k. J ad. sk.
/. cf ad. sk.
m. cJ ad. sk.

Bogota.

Colombia.
Colombia.

Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
Ecuador.

299

Female. Green, be-

Sclater Coll.

Purchased.

Gould CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

10. Pipra velutina.

Pipra cyaneocapilla, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200
(Veragua) ; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), et 1879,
p. 517 (Antioquia).

Pipra velutina, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 492.

Black ; front black ; cap bright blue ; bill and feet black : whole
length 3-1 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1-1. Female, Green, beneath
paler ; middle of belly yellowish.

Hah, Veragua, Panama, and Colombia.

This Northern form is distinguishable from P. cyaneocapilla by its
black front, black rump, and more intense black colour.

a. c? ad. ; b. cS jr.

sk.
c (J jr. sk.
d. rS ad. sk.
e,f. 6 *d.;g.

ad. sk.
h, cS ad. sk.

i. d ad. sk.

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Veragua (Arce).
Panama (McLeamian).
Panama (McLeamian).

Lion Hill Station, Isthm. of

Panama (McLeamian).
Bemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

11. Pipra cyaneocapilla.

Pipra cyaneocapilla, Halm u. Eiistei-, Vbg. Lief. xv. pi. 3. fig. 2 (1822) •
Way I. Isis, 1830, p. 934 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 174 ; Burm. Oust. Ueb'n

p. 445; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 93; Set. Cat. A. B. p. 249;

Pelz. Orn . Bras. p. 1 28 ; Scl. et Salv. JSomencl. p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1 866

p. 190 (11. Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E Peru)'

et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); Tacz Orn Per

ii. p. 343.
Pipra coronata, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 7. fig. 1 (1825) ; Lafr Beo

Zoo/ 1847, p. 70; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 114 (Quijos), et 1857,

p. 26o (U. Amazons).
Pipra . herbacea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 0, pi. 8«. fig. 1 (9); Sclater,

P.Z. S. 1854, p. 114.

Black ; cap bright blue ; rump with a pale bluish tingo : whole
length 3-4 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1*4.
Hah. Amazonia.

300 PIPKID.33.

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. tS ad. st. R. Ainazons. Purchased.

e. J ad. st. Ega, Amazons. Purchased.

f. $ jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. J ad. sk. Upper Ueayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

h. ,5 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxicell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. d jr. sk. River Huallaga (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

j, k. <5 ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons {Hauxicell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. c? ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.

m. J ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.

n. 2 ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.

12. Pipra caeruleocapilla.

Pipra creruleocapilla, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271 ; id. Faun.
Per.,Av. p. 145; Scl. et Salv. P. Z.S. 1873, p. 782 (S. Peru); iid.
Nomencl. p. 54; Tacz. P. Z.S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 344.

Black ; cap and rump blue : whole length 3#5 inches, wing 2-4,
tail P2.

Hab. Peru.

This little-known species has a conspicuous blue rump like the
head, and is quite distinct.

13. Pipra serena.

Pipra serena, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340 ; Desm. Tang. pi. 62 ; Vieill. Gal.
Ois. iii. p. 95, pi. 72 ; Wagl. Ms, 1830, p. 935 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173 ;
Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 93 ;
*S'c/. Cat. A. B. p. 249 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.

Black ; frontal plumes erect, white ; rump blue ; spot in the
middle of the breast and belly yellow ; bill and feet dark brown :
whole length 3-2 inches, wing 2, tail 0'9.

Hab. Cayenne.

a. 3 ad. sk.

Cayenne.

Gould Coll.

b. c? ad. sk.

Cayenne.

Sclater Coll.

c. c? ad. sk.

Cayenne.

Salvin-Godman Coll

d. c? ad. sk.

Guiana.

Salvin-Godman Coll

e,f. 3 ad. st.

Cayenne.

Purchased.

14. Pipra suavissima.

Pipra suavissima, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79, pi. i. (Brit. Guiana) ;

Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana).
Pipra serena, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697 (?).

Black ; vertical plumes erect, white, with a slight bluish tinge on
the posterior border ; rump bright lilac ; middle of abdomen deep
orange : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1'2. Female.
Green, beneath paler ; abdomen yellow.

Hab. British Guiana.

The white vertex, and the want of the yellow spot on the breast,
as also the deep orange colour of the belly, at once distinguish this
fine species from P. serena.

9. pipea. 301

a, b. cf ad. ; c. c? Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr. ; d, e. J ad. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)

f,g. cJad.sk. Merum^Mte. {Whitely). Sclater Coll.

h. c? ad. sk. River Attapurow ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

hj- d 2 ad. sk. Rorainia {Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k, I. <$ 2 ad. sk. koraima {Whitely). Sclater Coll.

m, n. c? 2 ftd- ; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. S jr. sk. ( Whitely).

15. Pipra gutturalis.

Pipra gutturalis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340 ; Desm. Taw/, pis. 63, 65 ;

Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 174 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb.

ii. p. 445 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 250 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 ;

Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana).
Pipra perspicillata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 174 ;

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445 ( 2 ).
Coropipo gutturalis, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 94.

Shining black : whole throat extending to middle of the breast
and a large patch on the under surface of the wings white ; bill
brown, base of lower mandible whitish ; feet brown : whole length
3-3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-1. Female. Green, beneath paler,
throat whitish.

Hob. Guiana and Cayenne.

a. cJ ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

b, c. <S ? ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

d. <$ ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. <S ad. ; f, g. c? Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr.sk. ' (117iitely).

h. cJ ad. ; *. J Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr.sk. {Whitely).

i > k. J 2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Whitely).

16. Pipra leucorrhoa.

Pipra leucorrhoa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 63, pi. x. (Colombia) ; Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872,
pp. 313, 318 (Nicaragua) ; Laicr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 116
(Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica) :
Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga).

Shining black ; throat and crissum white ; under surface of wings
dark ashy ; bill cinereous, paler beneath ; feet pale brown : whole
length 3'5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1'2. Female. Green, beneath
paler, throat whitish.

Hah. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Colombia.

The white tips to the crissal feathers and the want of the white
blotch on the under surface of the wings distinguish this species
from P. gutturalis.

a. J ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. d ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.

miol.)

c.

6

ad.

sk.

d.

6
sk

j»--;

e.

2 ad.

f-6
jr.

EuL

sk.

Iff,

h. 6

k.

6

ad.

ad

sk.

sk.

1,
n

m.

6

d 2 ad- sk-

ad. sk.

0.

2

ad.

sk.

P-

<S
sk

ad.

;?•

c? jr.

302 riPEiD-E.

Tucurriqui, Ccnta Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.

Santa ~F6, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chitra, Veragua (Arce). 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. j

Veragua (Aire). Sclater Coll.

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

Southern slope, Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chiriqui (Arce).

Bogota, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

(Types of the species.)

17. Pipra nattereri.

Pipra nattereri, Scl. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 611, pi. 39; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 127; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.

Bright green ; cap and rump pure white : beneath yellow ; throat
greenish: whole length 3 inches, wing 2, tail 1. Female. Green ;
cap bluish : beneath paler, middle of belly yellow.

Hah. Borba, Rio Madeira.

a. 2 ad. sk. Borba (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen.)

18. Pipra virescens.

Pipra virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 128, 187 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Tacz. P. Z.S. 1882,
p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 345 ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis,
1883, p. 208 (Brit. Guiana) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Brit. Guiana).

Pipra sp. inc., Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru).

Tyranneutes brachyurus, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 269 ; cf. Salv.
et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208.

Green ; concealed spot on vertex yellow ; beneath paler, middle of
bell j' yellowish : whole length 2-8 inches, wing 1/9, tail 1. Female
similar, but without the head-spot.

Hah. Amazonia and Guiana.

In accordance with the opinions of Graf v. Pelzeln and Messrs.
Salvin and Godman I unite Tyranneutes brachyurus to Pipra
virescens. But I remark that all the specimens of the latter of both
sexes (as determined by the collector) have a well-marked yellow
vertical spot, which is either absent or barely discernible in the
Amazonian bird. I have therefore arranged these forms as two sub-
species.

a. Subsp. typica.

a. $ ad. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen of P. virescens.)

b. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

c. 2 ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll.

lett).

10. NEOPIPO. 11. MACHJEROPTERUS.

303

e. <$ ad. sk.

f. ? ad. sk.
/, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

a b. cJ $ ad. sk.
e. J ad. sk.

d, e. (J 2 ad. sk.
/. cJ ad. sk.

#. cj ad. sk.

Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Chyavetas, E. Peru.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Bogota.

E. Bartlett [C.l.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Subsp. brachyura.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salviu-Godmau Coll.

( Whitely). (Types of Tyranneutes brachyurus.)

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

10. NEOPIPO.
Neopipo, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438.

Type.
N. cinnamomea.

The single species of this genus seems to be closely allied to
Pipra, but has a smaller and more constricted bill. It is also
divergent in its generally rufous coloration.

1. Neopipo cinnamomea.

Pipra cinnamomea, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1868, p. 429.
Neopipo rubicunda, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438, pi. 30. fig. 3.
Neopipo cinnamomea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 54 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana) ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 346.

Above bright fulvous red ; head and neck dusky cinereous, with a
5'cllow or reddish vertical spot : below rather paler, throat more or
less cinereous ; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 3*5 inches,
wing 2-1, tail 1*5.

Hob. Amazonia and British Guiana.

a. $ jr. sk,

b, c. cj ad. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.

/, -A 6 2 ad. sk.

Chamicuros, Peru (Bartlett).
Chamicuros, Peru.
Sarayacu. Ecuador (Buckley).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana
( WMtehfl.

Sclater Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

11. MACKEPvOPTERUS.

Machperopterus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854)

Type.
M. reeulus.

This brilliant little group of four species is remarkable for the
abnormal stmcture of the secondary wing-feathers in the male,
which I have described below. It is restricted to Colombia,
Amazonia, and Brazil.

304 PIPEIDJ5.

Key to the Species.

A. Plumage below striated.

a. Cap scarlet :

j no crimson on breast 1. regvius, p. 304.

| breast stained with crimson 2. striolatus, p. 304.

b. Cap yellow, with a scarlet baud 3. pyocephalus, p. 305.

B. Plumage below dark chestnut 4. deliciosus, p. 305.

1. Machaeropterus regulus.

Pipra regulus, Hahn u. Krister, Vog. Lief. iv. pi. 4. figs, a, h (1821).
Pipra strigilata, Max. Reis. Bras. i. p. 187 (1822); id. Beitr. iii.

p. 430 ; Temm. PL Col. 54. figs. 1, 2 ; Licht. Doubl. p. 29 ; Sw.

B. Brazil, -pi. 25 : Bp. Consp. i. p. 174 ; Barm. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 445.
Pipra lineata, Thunb. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 1822, p. 284, pi. 8. fig. 1.
Machaeropterus strigilatus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6.
Machaeropterus regulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94; Scl. Ibis,

1862, p. 176 (S.E. Brazil) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 250 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 1 28 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.

Above green ; wings and tail dark slaty, more or less edged
with green : crown scarlet : beneath white, breast greenish, abdomen
rlammulated with rufous ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet
reddish : whole length 3-3 inches, wing 2, tail 0-9. Female similar
but paler below, and with the crown green like the back.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

Brazil. Purchased.

Babia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Jbyner).

Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil. Gould Coll.

Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2. Machaeropterus striolatus.

Pipra striolata, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 122 ; id. Consp. i. p. 174 ; Gray et
Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pi. 67. fig. 2 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152
(Bogota), 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon), et 1858, p. 72 (Rio Napo).

Pipra strigilata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 936.

Machaeropterus striolatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94 ; Scl.
Ibis, 1862, p. 176 (Venezuela) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 250 ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867,
p. 751 (E. Peru) et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia) ; Taez. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ;
id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 347 ; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga).

Above green ; crown scarlet : beneath, throat greyish white,
breast more or less stained with scarlet ; belly densely covered with
white and dark chestnut stripes : under wing-coverts white ; bill
and feet brown : whole length 3-3 inches, wing 2, tail 0-9, Female
similar, but crown green and much less distinctly striped below.

a.

6 ad.

St.

*>,

c 6 2

ad.

;d.

6 jr.

3k.

e.

<3 ad.

sk.

f. d ad.

sk.

9-

$ ad.

sk.

h,

i. 6 2

ad.

sk.

J;

k. 6 ad. ; I

m

$ ad.

sk.

11. MACHiEROPTERUS. 305

Hab. Colombia and Amazonia.

This northern representative of AI. regulus may be distinguished
by its breast being stained with scarlet, and the darker and more
numerous flammulations of the abdomen.

a. 3 ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

b. <$ ad. sk. River Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

c. d. J J ad. sk. Cbamicuros, E. Peru (Haux- J. Gould, Esq.

well).

e. J ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/, g. <$ ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Reniedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

i. 3 ad. ;j. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k,l. c?2 ad- sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

m. 2 ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Machaeropterus pyrocephalus.

Pipra pvrocephala, Scl. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9 ; id. Contr. Orn. 1852,

p. 132, t. xcvii. fig. 1.
Machseropterus pyrocephalus, <SW. Ibis, 18G2, p. 176 (Peruvian

Amazons) ; Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 128 ; Scl. et Sah: Nomencl. p. 54 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139 ;

Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 346.

Above brownish rose-colour, sides of head and wings green ;
crown bright yellow, with a broad central scarlet stripe : beneath
pale rosy cinereous, with slight longitudinal stripes of darker
colour; thighs and flanks chestnut ; tail dark ashy, with the feathers
stiffened ; bill above dark horn-colour, below paler : feet pale
reddish : whole length 3 inches, wing 2"1, tail 09. Female green,
beneath paler.

Hab. Interior of Brazil, and Amazonia.

a. (J ad.sk. Eng. do Gama, JJato Grosso, Brazil Sclater Coll.

( Natterer).

b. <$ ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer), Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. d. S ad. ; River Ucayali (Hauxioell). J. Gould, Esq.

2 ad.sk.

4. Machaeropteras deliciosus.

Pipra deliciosa, Sol. P. Z. 8. 1800, p. 90.

Machseropterus deliciosus, Scl. Ibis, 1862, p. 176, pi. vi. (W. Ecuador)
id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.

Above dark chestnut, front part of crown scarlet ; wings and tail
black : beneath similar, flanks and under wing-coverts white ; bend
of wing yellowish ; bill black ; feet pale flesh-colour : whole length
3-3 inches, wing 2-5, tail 0-9. Female. Olive-green ; beneath paler ;
belly and under wing-coverts yellowish.

flab. Ecuador.

The chestnut body at once distinguishes this peculiar species,
vol. xrv. x

306

PirEIDiE.

which also shows the peculiar wing-structure of the males of this
genus in a marked degree. This maybe described as follows :—
The ten primaries are of the ordinary formation of birds of this
family, the first being shorter than the second, third, and fourth,

d e f

Secondaries of Machmropteriis deliciosus. (P. Z. S. 1860, p. 90.)

.;. Fifth and sixth secondaries of male Macharopterus deliciosus, from above.
c. Seventh secondary, from beneath, d, e. Fifth and sixth secondaries of
female, from above. /. Seventh secondary of female, from beneath.

which are nearly equal and longest, and of about the same length
as the sixth. The first three secondaries are thick-stemmed and
curved towards the body at a distance of about two thirds of their
length from the base. The fourth and fifth show this structure to
a greater degree, with some corresponding alteration in the barbs on
each side, as may be seen by comparing fig. a, representing the
upper surface of the fifth secondary of the male bird, with fig. d,
which gives a similar view of that of the female. In the sixth and
seventh secondaries of the male the terminal half of the rhachis is

12. CHIROXIPHIA.

307

thickened to an extraordinary degree, forming a solid horny lump
Ihe external and internal barbs are also much modified in shape
and generally curtailed in size. Fig. b gives an upper view of the
sixtn, and ng. c an under view of the seventh secondary. The
corresponding feathers of the female, representing the normal
structure, are seen in fig. e and fig. /. In the eighth and ninth
secondaries the rhachis is still rather thickened: but the barbs
(pogotua) instead of being reduced in size, are highly developed
particularly on the inner side. It was observed by Mr. Eraser that
the wing-bones of these birds are also much thickened, no doubt in
aid. ot this abnormal structure of the remiges.

a, b. <J 2 ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll

C **dL ; , 2 Intac, Ecuador (Backleg). (g^aS2SS

fn i US" S' «'Ca1' ECUtdM (^"W- Salvin-GodmanColl.

h 5 S' l' garayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

•' i a i Ecuador. Gould Coll_

. 6 ad. sk. Ecuador. Purchased.

7- 6 ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

12. CHIROXIPHIA.

Chiroxiphia, Cab WiegmAreh.xn\.vt. \. p. 235(1847) C. caudata.
Chiropnon, i?/;. CW;>. Fb/. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) . . C pareola

Cercopkama, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854) C. linearis!

Chiroxiphia is another little brighfr-plumaged group of six species,
all well distinguished, and ranging from Guatemala to S. Brazil and
the borders of La Plata. It is so called from the pointed ends and
thickened stems of the primaries in the males.

Keg to the Species.
A. Tail square at end.

| £res* Iei 1. pareola, p. 307.

15. Middle rectnees lengthened.
a. Body below black.

I Middle rectrices shorter, pointed 3. lanceolata, p. 309

* t, f*1.1 , le prices long, lineifora 4. linearis, p. 300

h. Body below blue 5. caudata,\. 310.

1. Chiroxiphia pareola,

Pipra pareola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 330 ; Desm. Tarn/, pi 50 • Kittl
Xupfert d. Viig p. 14, t. xviii. fig. 1 • Max. Bntr.m. p. 418;'
Wagl Isis, 1830, p. 032; Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 44; Bp. Consp. i.

Manacus superbus, Pall. Spic. Zool, i. p. 8, pis. 3 4
Tipra superba, Gm. S. N. i. p. 000.

x2

308

Chiroxiphia pareola, Cab. Wiegm. Arch, 1847, pt. i. p. 235 ; id. in
Schomb.Guian. iii. p. 695; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Scl.Cat.
A. B. p. 251 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129 ; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl p. 55 ;
iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia) ;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 344
(Pernambuco) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British Guiana).

Chiroprion pareola, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5.

Above and beneath black ; mantle blue ; large vertical crest
crimson ; beak black ; feet yellow : whole length 4*6 inches, wing
2-8, tail l-9. Female. Olive-green; beneath paler, more yellowish .

Hah. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia.

a. cJ ad. st.

b. J jr. st.

c. c? jr. st.

d. e. <$ jr. sk.

/. 2 sk.

ff. 2 sk.
h, i. rf ad. sk.
J, k. rf ad. sk.
l,m.(S2 a(i. ; n.

d jr. sk.
o, p. J $ ad. ; q.

cJ jr. sk.
r. <$ ad. sk.

s. cf ad. sk.

t. <$ ad. ; u. <f

jr. sk.
v. c? jr. sk.
w,a\c?ad. ; y. $

ad. ; z, a', rf

jr. sk.
b', c'. 3 $ ad. sk.

d'. rf ad. sk.

British Guiana.
S. America.
S. America.

Cayenne.

Demerara.

Tobago (Kirk) (?).

Para (Layard).

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

Bakia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Novo Fribourgo, Bio de

Janeiro ( Yonds).
Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joy ner).
Brazil.

Brazil.

Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia
(Buckley).

Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia

(Buckley).
Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley).

E. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

Purchased.

H. C. Rothery, Esq.

Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Jardine Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godtnan Coll.

2. Chiroxiphia regina.

Pipra regina, Natt. in Mus. Vindob.

Chiroxiphia regina, Sclater, Ann. Sr Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xvii.

p. 409; id. P.Z.S. 1857, p. 266 (U. Amazon); id. Cat. A. B.

p. 251, pi. xx. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 95 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 129; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; iid. P.Z.S. 1873, p. 283

(E. Peru).

Similar to C. pareola, but vertical crest yellow.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.

a. J ad. st.

b. d ad. sk.

c. c? ad. sk.

d. rf ad. sk.

Rio Javari.

Rio Javari.

Upper Amazons (Bates).

S. America.

Purchased.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,

12. CHIKOXIPHIA. 309

3. Chiroxiphia lanceolata.

Pipra melanocephala, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 389 (?) ; Bp. P. Z. S.
1837, p. 113.

Pipra pareola, Hahn u. Kiister, Vog. Lief. xvi. pi. 4.

Pipra lanceolata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 931.

Pipra pareolides, a" Orb. et Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 165.

Chiroxiphia melanocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1855, p. 151 (Bogota), et 1850, p. 141 (Chiriqui).

Chiroxiphia lanceolata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 251 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), 1868,
pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; Finsck, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 574 (Trinidad) ; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia).

Above and beneath black ; mantle blue ; vertical crest scarlet ;
two middle rectrices elongated and pointed ; bill horn-colour ; feet
yellow : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2. Female. Green ;
beneath paler ; under wing-coverts ashy white.

Hub. Veragua, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad.

a. S ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. d ad. ; c. <5 Santa Fe, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk.

d. <$ ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).

e. S ad. sk. Chiriqui. Capt. Kellett & Lieut.

Wood ro.j.

/. c? ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hughes).

g, h. (J $ad. ; i. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

cJ jr. sk.

j. J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

k. c? ad. j /. ,5 Manaure, Santa Marta,U. S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr. sk. (Simons).

m. <3 ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.

ii. J1 ad. sk. Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. cJ ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

p. d jr. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. (J ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

r. cj jr. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

s. 3 ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.

4. Chiroxiphia linearis.

Pipra linearis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 113 ; Gould, Zool. Vog. Sulph.,

B. p. 40, pi. 20.
Chiroxiphia linearis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 251 ;

Scl. et Salv. Pois, 1859, p. 124 (Central America); iid. Nomencl.

p. 55; Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 100, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala), 1872,

p. 318 (Nicaragua); Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 95; Cab.

J.f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Lain-. Ann. Lye. N. T. ix.

p. 116 (Costa Pica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Pica) ;

Boucard, P.Z.S. 1878, p. 66(Coste Pica); Pidgin. P. U.S. N. M.

v. pp. 396, 500 (Costa Pica), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua).

310

Pipra fastuosa, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 174.
Cercophaena linearis, Bp. Consp, Vol. Anisod. p. 6.

Above and beneath black ; buck except rump bright blue ; vertical
crest scarlet ; two central tail-feathers excessively elongated, linei-
form ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet yellow : whole length to end of
lateral tail-feathers 4-3 inches, wing 2-3, of central tail-feathers
from their bases 6-7. Female. Green, beneath paler ; two central
tail-feathers slightly elongated.

Bab. Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

a. 3 ad. ; b. jj

jr. st.
c, d. $ 2 a,h sk-

e. c? jr. sk.

f. 3 ad. sk.

g. S jr. sk.

h, i. (j1 $ ad. ; j-l.

6 jr. sk.
m. J ad. sk.

n. cJ ad. sk.

o. 3 ad. sk.
p. 3 ad. sk.
q. 3 ad. sk.
r. 3 ad. sk.
s. 3 &d. sk.
t. (5 ad. ; u. <5 jr.

sk.
v. 5 ad. sk.
w, (3 ad. ; x. 3

jr. sk.
y, z. (3 ad. sk.

a'. 3 ad. sk.

Central America.

Volcan de Agua, above San

Diego (Salrin).
La Trinidad, Volcan de

Fuego (Salvin).
Medio Monte, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Medio Monte, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Guatemala.

Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua.
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica

(Arce).
Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
San Juan, Costa Rica

(Frantzius).
Irazu district,, Costa Rica

(Rogers).
Costa Rica ( Van Patten).

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

0. Salvin, Esq.. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould. Esq.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

5. Chiroxiphia caudata.

Pipra caudata, Shaw, Nat. Misc. v. pi. 153 (1794) ; Thunb. Mem.

Acad. Petersb. 1822, pi. 7. fig. 1 ; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pi. 6.

tigs. 1, 2 ; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 930; Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 45; Burm.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 441; Euler, J.f. O. 1867, p. 223 (nest).
Chiroxiphia caudata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 235; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 171 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 251 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129 ; Scl.

et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305 (Brazil) ;

White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Pep.) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr.

ges. Orn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg.

Orn. i. p. 161.
Pipra longicauda, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xix. p. 163(1817); id. Enc.

MM. p. 388 ; Kittl. Kupfert. d. Vog. p. 14, pi. 18. hg. 2 ; Max.

13. HELICTJRA.

311

Beitr. iii. p. 413; Bp. P. Z.S. 1837, p. 113; Burm. Sust. Ueb. ii.
p. 442.
Chiroxiphia longicauda, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 695 ; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 171.

Above blue ; wings, nape, and sides of bead black; cap brigbt
scarlet ; tail black, two central feathers elongated, bluish : beneath
blue ; throat black ; bill and feet horn-colour : whole length 6
inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-5. Female. Green, beneath brighter.

Hub. Brazil, Paraguay, and northern frontier of Argentina.

a, b. c? 5 ad. st.

c. (S jr. st.

d. $ jr. st.

e. cJ ad. sk.

/,</. $ $ ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.

3,k- 6

i. c? ad.

jr. sk.
I. $ ad. sk.
m. 2 ad. ; n.

jr. sk.
o. S ad. ; p.

jr. sk.
q. $ ad. sk.
r, s. 2 ad. sk.
t. 2 ad. sk.
u. 3 jr. sk.

Brazil.
Brazil.
Brazil.
Novo Fribourgo, Rio de

Janeiro (Youds).
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyner).
Santa Fe, Minas Geraes

(Rogers).
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

Rio, Brazil.

Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

(Rogers).
Brazil.

Brazil.

Brazil.

S. Brazil.

Misiones, Arg. Rep. ( White).

Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
M. Claussen [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

13. HELICURA *

Ilicura, Reiehenb. Av. Syst. pi. lxiii. (1850) ,

Heilicura, Salmn, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 320 (1882)

Type.
II. militaris.
II. militaris.

The single Brazilian species which has been isolated tinder this
namo is certainly very closely allied to Chiroxiphia, and might
perhaps be united to it. But although the frontal feathers are
erect and stiffened, there is no vertical crest, and the outer primary
is more shortened.

1. Helicura militaris.

Pipra militaris, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xx. p. 849 ; Wagl. Isis, 1830,

p. 931 ; Burm. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 441.
Chiroxiphia militaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 236.
Ilicura militaris, Cab. ct Hein. Mu8. Ilein. ii. p. 96; <S'<7. Cat. A. B.

p. 250; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 12!); Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305

(Brazil) ; Set. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.
Heilicura militaris, Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 320.

* Presumed derivation i)\i% and ovpd (?).

312

Pipra rubrifrons, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xix. p. 161 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 388.
Pipra oxyura, Nordm. in Erm. Reis. Atl. p. 12, pi. 9. figs. 1, 2.
Chiroxiphia oxyura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 235.

Above jet-black ; erect frontal plumes and rump brigbt scarlet ;
secondaries externally brigbt green ; tail black : beneath white ;
bill and feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2#5, tail 2'5.
female. Green, beneath paler ; throat cinereous.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a. <$ ad. st.

b. S ad. st.

c. 5 ad. st.

d. <$ ad sk.

e. 3 ad. sk.

f. <$ ad. sk.

g. J jr. sk.

h, i. S ? ad.
j, k. cJ $ ad.

sk.

Brazil.

Brazil.

Brazil.

Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Novo Fribiiiirgo, Rio (Youds).

Santa Fe, Minas Geraes

(Rogers).
Rio Olaro,

[Joyner).
Brazil.
Brazil.

Ld. Stuart de Rothesay

[P.].
J. Gould, Esq.
Purchased.
Sahiu-Godman Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godtnan Coll.

Goyaz, Brazil Sahin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.

14. CHIROMACH-ffiRIS.

Type.
Chiromachseris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847). C. nianacus.
Manacus, Gray (ex Brissori), Cat. Gen. 1855, p. 55 . . . . C. manacus.

This little group consists of seven species, distributed over
America from Guatemala to S. Brazil. It is sufficiently charac-
terized by the peculiar modification of the primaries, which are much
attenuated in the barbs, and have the stems thickened and curved
inwards, and by the elongation of the throat-feathers.

Very little is known of the nesting of the Pipridse. But Salmon
has recorded that Chiromachceris manacus " builds a shallow nest of
grasses suspended from the fork of a branch in low shrubs." The
same collector obtained eggs of C. vitellina, which are figured
P.Z.S. 1879, pi. xlii. fig. 10. See also Euler, J. f. 0. 1867,
p. 223.

Key to tlie Species.

A. Throat pure white :

( belly white 1. manacus, p. 313.

< belly grey 2. gutturosa, p. 314.

( belly yellow 3. canda>i, p. 314.

B. Throat faintly tinged with yellow 4. Jiaveola, p. 315.

C. Throat yellow :

( throat pure yellow 5. vitellina, p. 315. .

| throat orange-yellow 0. aurantiata, p. 316.

J). Throat black 7. coronata, p. 316.

14. CHIROMACII^RIS. 318

1. Chiromachaeris manacus.

Pipra manacus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 1002 ; Lath.
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 566 ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 264.

Mancakin du Brazil, Daub. PL Enl. 302. fig. 1 (?).

Chiromachairis manacus, Cab. Wier/m. Arch. 1847, i. p. 235 ; id.
in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696 ; Cab. et Hvin. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 96 ;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 89, 279, 296 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 252 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 130 ; Sal. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; iid.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751
(E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru), 1879,
p. 517 (Antioquia) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad) ; Finsch,
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 573 (Trinidad) ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para) ;
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 301 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id.
Orn. Per. ii. p. 349 ; Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559
(W.Ecuador).

Manacus edwardsii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151.

Pipra edwardsii, Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 447.

Above, crown, interscapulium, wings, and tail black ; rump
cinereous ; broad band across the upper back and body beneath
white ; flanks and crissum tinged with cinereous ; bill black ; feet
pale brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1-3. Female.
Green, beneath rather lighter.

Hub. Guiana, Amazonia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.

British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

Trinidad. ' Sclater Coll

Trinidad. J. Gould, Esq.

Pebas, E. Peru (HauxiceU). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

Bogota. Sclater Coll.

Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.

Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

Minca, Santa Marta, U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Simons).

2. Chiromachaeris gutturosa.

Manakin a, tete noire de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 303. fig. 1 (?).

Pipra manacus, var. /3, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1002.

Pipra manacus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 132; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 939;

Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 26; Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 446; Eider, J. f. O.

1867, p. 223 (nest).

a.

6

ad. st.

b.

6

ad. sk.

c,

d.

8 9- ad.

sk.

e.

6

ad. sk.

f,

9-

8 2 ad.

sk.

h.

6

ad. sk.

i.

8

ad. sk.

J,

k.

8 2 ad.

sk.

I.

d

ad. sk.

m

, n

. 8 ad. i

3k.

o,

P-

8 2 ad.

sk.

'I-

c?

ad. sk.

r.

8

ad. sk.

s>

t.

<$ ad. sk

u.

8

ad. ; v.

8

ji'-

sk.

314

Tipra gutturosa, Desm. Tang. pi. 58 ; Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xix. p. 161 ;

id. Enc. Mvth. p. 887 ; Baku u. Etister, Foff. Lief. xvi. pi. 5.
Manacus gutturosus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171.
Ckiromachreris gutturosa, Sclater, P. Z. S. 18-54, p. 114 (Rio Napo") ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 252; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 130 ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 114 (Brazil) ; Hamilton, Ibis,

1871, p. 305 (Brazil) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.

Above, crown, middle of back, wings, and tail black ; rump cine-
reous ; nuchal band white : beneath, throat white, abdomen cinereous ;
bill black ; feet pale brown : whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2, tail
1-3. Female. Green, beneath paler.

Bab. S.E. Brazil.

Salvin-Godruan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].

a, b. 3 ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

c. cS ad. sk.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Yoi

d. 3 ad. sk.

Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Jiayner).

e, f. 3 ad. sk.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner)

g, h. 3 2 ad.;

Brazil.

i. 3 jr. sk.

j. 3 ad. sk.

Brazil.

k, I. <3 ad. sk.

Brazil.

3. Chiromachaeris candaei.

Pipra candei, Parzud. Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 306 ; id. Mag. de Zool.

1843, Ois. pi. 45.
Manacus candei, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 299 ;

Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124.
CIiiromaclia?ris canclffii, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 252 ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et

Scdv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 55 ;

Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. Q<o (Costa Rica).

Above, crown, narrow interscapulium, wings, and tail black ;
broad band round the nape and upper wing-coverts white ; rump
greenish yellow : beneath, throat and breast white ; belly, flanks, and
crissum bright lemon-yellow ; bill black ; feet yellowish : whole
length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-5. Female. Above green, rump
yellowish : beneath paler, middle of belly yellow.

Hob. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

a, b. (J ad. ; c. $

ad. st.
d, e. S ;/• 2 ad.

sk.
g,h. $ 2 ad. sk.
i,j. cJ $ ad. sk.
k. 2 ad. sk.
I. <$ ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk.

n,o. 3 2 ad. sk.
p. 3 ad. sk.

Honduras (Dgson).

Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin).

Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin).
Guatemala.
Guatemala.

Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon-
duras (Blancaneaux).
Brit. Honduras (Blancaneau.v).
San Pedro, Honduras ( JVJiitelg),

Purchased.

Tweeddale Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

14. CHIROMACH^KIS.

315

Salvin-Godman Coll.

q, r. J 2 ad. sfc- Angostura, Costa Rica (Car

mivl).

», t. <3 2 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll
u. (3 ad. sk. Costa Kica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.

4. Chiromachseris flaveola.

Manacus flaveolus, Cass. Proc. Acad. Phi/ad. 1851, p. 349 ; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151.
Pipra flavitincta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 34, pi. 48 (Bogota).
Chiromachseris flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 97 ; Scl. Cat.

A. B. p. 252 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,

p. 305 (Bucararnanga).

Similar to C. manacus, but the white faintly tinged with lemon-
yellow.
. Hub. Colombia.

a. $ ad. sk.

b, c. J ad. sk.

d, e. S 2 ad. *&■
f,ff. 6 2 ad. sk.
h, i. tS 2 ad. sk.
j. 3 ad. sk.

Bogota.

Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.

Bucaramanga, U. S. C.
(Minlos).

Sclater Coll. (Type
of Pipra Jlavo-tineta.)
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

5. Chiromachasris vitellina.

Pipra vitellina, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 103 ; id. in Zool. Toy. Sulph.,
B. p. 41, pi. 21 ; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 69 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173.

Chiromachseris vitellina, Cab. et Hein. 31us. Hein. ii. p. 97 ; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 253 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1804,
p. 362 (Panama), et 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia).

"* Above, crown, broad interscapulium, wings, and tail black ; rump
green ; band round the nape and sides of head bright yellow ; beneath
yellowish green, throat and breast bright yellow ; bill black, feet
yellowish : whole length 3*8 inches, wing 2-1, tail 1-3. Female.
Green, beneath lighter, tinged with yellow.

Hab. Nicaragua, Yeragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia.

a. cS ad. st.

b. <$ ad. st.

c. c? ad. sk.

d, e. S 2 ad.

sk,

/, </• 6 2 ad.

sk.

h, i. <5 j ad.

sk.

j. <$ ad. sk.

k. $ ad. sk.

1. $ ad. sk.

m. c? ad. sk.

n. 2 ad. sk.

Nicaragua (Delattre).
Panama.
Yeragua (Arce).
Paraiso Station, Panama

{Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (Delattre).
Panama.

Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Colombia.

E. Wilson, Esq. [P.l.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

316

6. Chiromachaeris aurantiaca.
Chiromachaeris aurantiaca, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua).

Above, crown, wings, tail, and narrow interscapulium black ;
rump green ; band round the nape and sides of head deep orange :
beneath yellow, throat and breast deep orange ; bill black, feet
flesh-colour : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1*3. Female.
Green, beneath paler, belly yellow.

Hab. Veragua.

The narrowness of the black interscapulium, the orange tint of the
nape and throat, and the yellow belly at once distinguish this species
from ft vitellina.

a,b. $ $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

c. <$ ad. sk. Mina de Choreha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Arce).

d. <5 ad. sk. Chiriqui {Arce). Sclater Coll.

e. cJad.sk. Veragua {Arc/). Sclater Coll.

/, g. $ ad. sk. Veragua {Arc/). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

7. Chiromachaeris coronata.

Chironiachaeris coronata, Boucard, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 178, pi. xvii.
(Colombia).

Above black, nuchal band and sides of head bright yellow :
beneath grey, throat black : whole length 3*5 inches, wing 2,3,
taill.

Hab. Colombia.

Only known from the type specimen in M. Boucard's collection,
which is apparently a " Bogota " skin.

Subfamily II. PTILO CHLORINE.

In this section I place a small set of mostly dull-coloured birds,
which combine the foot-structure of the Pipridce with the bill
of the Tyrannidce. They range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil.
Whether Heterocercus should be referred here is to say the least
uncertain.

Key to the Genera.

A. Rictus bristled : tail square or slightly
ronnded.
a. Fourth remex in male attenuated 15. Ptilochloris, p. 317

15. PTILOCHLORIS. 317

b. Fourth remex not attenuated.
«'. Tarsus strong.

Bill longer; tarsus longer 16. IIeteropelma, p. 318.

Bill shorter ; tarsus shorter 17. Schiffornis, p. 322.

V. Tarsus feeble 18. Neopelma, p. 323.

B. Rictus smooth : tail graduated 19. Heterocerctjs, p. 324.

15. PTILOCHLORIS.

Laniisoma, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 (lSSl) . . P. squamata.
Ptilochloris, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 250 (1837) P. squamata.

This singular type is, I now think, on the "whole best placed
here next to Heteropelma, with which it closely agrees in the
structure of the foot and bill. It is remarkable for having the
fourth primary attenuated and curved slightly outwards in the
male sex.

The very peculiar nestling of Ptilochloris has been described and
figured by Mr. Salvin and myself, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158.

Key to the Species.

A. Head black ; back green 1. squamata, p. 317.

B. Head green, like the back 2. buckleyi, p. 318.

1. Ptilochloris squamata.

Muscicapa squamata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 814 ( J), 1831.
Ptilochloris squamata, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 435; Cab. et Hein.

Mus. Hein. ii. p. 102 ; Tek. Om. Bras. p. 126 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 246 ; Scl. et Salv. Ncmenel. p. 57.
Lanius arcuatus, Geoff r. Mag. de Zool, 1833, Ois. pi. 12.
Laniisoma arcuatum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854. p. 114.
Ptilochloris arcuatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 237, et 1847, p. 182 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Ptilochloris lunatus, Stc. Class. B. ii. p. 250.
Ptilochloris remigialis, Lafr. Per. Zool. 1838, p. 237 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 177; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.

ii. p. 102; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 246 ; Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 57.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green ; cap black : beneath sulphur-yellow, breast and flanks lunu-
lated with black ; fourth remex attenuated at the apex and slightly
bent outwards ; bill above hazel-brown, below whitish ; feet plum-
beous ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4, tail 2-G. Female similar,
but primaries not modified, head not so black, and whole body below
lumilated with black.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

It is possible that there may be a closely allied representative of
this form in Colombia, distinguished by its rather smaller size and
yellow breast. If this be so, the term remiyialis of Lafresnaye

318

would probably be applicable to it. But I bave not yet been able
to meet witb specimens, the localities of whicb can be quite depended
upon.

a, b. <$ ad. ; J

jr. st.
c. 2 ad- st.

Rio Napo (?).

Purchased.

Brazil.

Sudbury Mus. [E.].

d, e. <3 ad.;/. $

Bahia, Brazil ( TJruchere?-).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

g. J ad. sk.

Novo Fribourgo

Rio

(Youds).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

h, i. cJ ad.; ,7. $

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

ad. sk.

k. $ jr. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

1. <S ad. sk.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

m. 2 sk.

Bogota (?).

Purchased.

2. Ptilochloris buckleyi.

Ptilochloris buckleyi, Scl. et Salo. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 158, pi. xvi.
(Ecuador).

Above uniform dull olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged
with olive-green : beneath yellow, witb well-marked black lunu-
lations on the breast, upper belly, and flanks ; bill horn-colour,
beneath pale ; feet plumbeous : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4,
tail 2-5.

Hah. Ecuador.

6 jr. ;

b, c. Pull. sk.

Pindo, Ecuador (Buckley).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)

16. HETEROPELMA.

Type.
Ileteropelma, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) .... H. turdinum.

Heteropelma, with its nine species, has a wide range from S.
Mexico to Brazil, being confined everywhere to the dense forests.
The first five species are all representative forms of one type, re-
markable for their nearly uniform brownish-olive coloration : the
sixth is also of uniform plumage, but with a predominance of green
and smaller in size. The last three mimic the Tyrannidce as regards
their half-concealed head-spot, but show the Piprine structure in
their feet.

Key to the Species.

A. Uniform olive : without a vertical spot.

a. Larger : plumage brownish olive.

«'. Beneath uniform brownish olive .... 1. turdinum, p. 319.
b'. Belly greyish.
a". Bill broader.

J Head more greenish 2. wallacii, p. 319.

I Head more brownish 3. amazonum, p. 320.

b". Bill narrower 4. sienorhynchum, p. 320.

c'. Belly greenish 5. verce-pacis, p. 320.

b. Smaller: plumage greenish olive 6. virescens-, p. 321.

16. HETEROPELMA. 319

B. Not uniform olive : with a yellow vertical
spot.

c. Belly whitish 7. flavicapillum, p. 321.

d. Belly yellowish :

i crest yellow 8. chrysocephalum, p. 322.
crest orange 9. igniceps, p. 322.

1. Heteropelma turdinum.

Muscicapa turdina, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 817.

Heteropelma turdinuni, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467 (Brazil) ; id,

Cat, A. B. p. 244 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 124 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 55 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301.
Ptilochloris rufo-olivaceus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238, et 1847,

p. 185 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 177 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436.
Heteropelma rufo-olivaceum, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100.

Nearly uniform brownish olive ; belly rather paler ; under wing-
coverts greyish ; bill and feet dark horn-colour : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3*7, tail 2-9. Female similar.

Bab. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Heteropelma wallacii. (Plate XX.)

Heteropelma wallacii, Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 579, 595 (L.

Amazons), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru), 1877, p. 332 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per.

ii. p. 351.
Heteropelma amazonum (?), Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana).

Brownish olive ; wings and tail more rufescent : beneath paler,
belly greyish ; under wing-coverts pale greyish ; bill and feet horn-
colour : whole length 6-7 inches, wing 3"5, tail 2"5. Female similar.

Hab. Lower Amazonia and Guiana.

This species is rather smaller than H. turdinum, and much paler
on the under surface.

a. 2 ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b, c. cJ 2 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
d. c? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
e,f. $ ad.sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).
g. $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
h. $ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. 6 2 ad- sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll.

320 riPRiD.E.

3. Heteropelma amazonum.

Heteropelma amazonum, Sclater, P. Z. S. I860, p. 400 (Chamicuros);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 125 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871,
p. .'!.'!4 (Colombia); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; iid. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 180 (Peru) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ; id.
Orn. P6r. ii. p. 350.

Brownish olive ; head strongly tinged with rufous : beneath
paler, greyish on the belly ; bill and feet horn-colour : whole
length 0-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2'7.

Hab. Upper Amazonia.

The brownish head seems to distinguish this species from
H. ivallacii. On the underparts they are nearly alike.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley'). Sclater Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (lllingworth) . Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

g. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)
h, i. Ad. sk. River Ucayali (Bauxwell). Gould Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Oyapoc (?). Sclater Coll.

4. Heteropelma stenorhynchum.

Heteropelma stenorhynchum, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 628,
632 (Venezuela) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 55.

Above nearly uniform rufescent olive, rather brighter on the
head, wings, and tail : beneath paler, belly more cinereous, and with
very faint indications of transverse markings ; bill much com-
pressed: whole length 6-8 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2"8,

Hah. Venezuela.

This is perhaps a somewhat doubtful species, but I cannot refer
the two specimens either to II. ivallacii or H. amazonum.

a. Ad.sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. I

b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (

(Types of the species.)

5. Heteropelma verse-pacis.

Heteropelma verre-pacis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 300, 407 (Guatemala),
1802, p. 19 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Scl. et Salv. Ibis,
1800, p. 400 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Later. Ann. Lye. N. I. ix. p. 110 (Costa
Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1809, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S.
1S70, p. 200 (Veragua), 1883, p. 424 (Panama).

Generally of a rich brownish olive-green ; wings and tail more
rufescent ; belly greenish olive ; bill and feet horn-colour : whole
length 6-3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-6. Female similar.

Hab. Central America, from S. Mexico down to Panama.

The olive-green belly seems to distinguish this northern form.

b. 3 ad. sk.

Choctuni, Vera Paz (Salviri).

c. Ad. sk.

Vera Paz (Salviri).

d, e. Ad. sk.

Vera Paz.

/. Ad. sk.

Vera Paz (Salviri).

ff. Ad. sk.

Yzabel, Guatemala (Salviri).

h. $ ad. sk.

Valza, Costa Rica (Carmiol).

i,j. <5 ad. sk.

Angostura, Costa Pica ( Car-

miol) .

k. 5 ad. sk.

Costa Pica (Carmiol).

J, 771. $ ad. sk.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

». Ad. sk.

Veragua (Arce).

o. J ad. sk.

Veragua (Arce).

p. $ ad. sk.

Southern slope of Vole, of Chi-

riqui (Arce).

q. $ ad. sk.

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).

r. Ad. sk.

Panama (Markham) (?).

16. HETEROPELMA. 321

a. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salviri). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Heteropelma virescens.

Muscicapa virescens, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 802.

Ptilochloris virescens, La ft: Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238 ; Bp. Camp. i.

p. 177 ; Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436.
Heteropelma virescens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 245 ; Peh. Orti. Bras. p. 124 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ;

Berl. et. Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1885, p. 139 (Rio Gr. do Sul).
Pipra unicolor, Lanysdorf et Menetr. MSS.
Pipra galeata 2 , Lie/it. Doubl. p. 29.
Gobe-mouche vert, Less. Tr. dOm. i. p. 391.
Heteropelma unicolor, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 100 ; Bp.

Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4.

Above and beneath uniform greenish olive ; wings and tail brownish
olive ; bill and feet horn-colour : whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3,
tail 2-8. Female similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

The uniform olive-green of both surfaces at once distinguishes this
species.

a, b. 3 2 ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

7. Heteropelma flavicapillum. (Plate XXI.)

Heteropelma flavicapillum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 466, 467
(Brazil) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 245 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 125 ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.

Above olive-green, wings and tail brown, edged with olive-green ;
large vertical spot yellow : beneath ashy white ; under wing-coverts
and bend of wing pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-5.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

VOL. XIV. Y

322

a, b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
Rio, Brazil (Wuelierei-).
S.E. Brazil.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater (-oil.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.

8. Heteropelma chrysocephalum.

Ileteropelma chrysocephalum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 125, 18-5 ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.

Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with
olive ; large elongated vertical spot yellow : beneath pale yellowish,
throat more dusky ; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 5
inches, wing 2-9, tail 2#3.

Ilab. Interior of Brazil.

a. $ ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer).

Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)

'J. Heteropelma igniceps. (Plate XXII.)

Ileteropelma igniceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 (Oyapoc), et 1881,
p. 214 (Brit. Guiana) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana).

Above olive-green ; wings and tail brownish black, edged with
olive ; head tinged with cinereous ; vertical spot bright yellow :
beneath, throat and breast cinereous, belly pale sulphur-yellow,
flanks olivaceous ; bill horn-colour, beneath paler ; feet cinereous :
whole length 5*2 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-1. Female similar, but
crest not so bright.

Hah. Cayenne and Guiana.

o, b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d, e. J $ ad. sk.

f-h. 3 ad. ;
2 ad. sk.

i,j.

Oyopoc, Cayenne ( Verdey).

Essequibo, Guiana (im Thimi).
Caniacusa, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Caniacusa, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).

Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tjpe.
S. major.

17. SCHIFFORNIS.

Schiffornis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854)

This form comes very close to Heteropelma, but is of a rufous
coloration, and may perhaps be distinguished by its smaller bill and
shorter tarsus. Two species from Amazonia and the interior of
Brazil are known.

18. NEOPELMA. 323

Key to the Species.

A. Larger; crown greyish 1. manor, p. 323.

B. smaller ; crown rufous 2. rufa, p. 323.

1. Schiffornis major.

Schiffornis major, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (descr. nulla ! ) ; Des
Murs, in Casteln. Voy., Ois. p. 66, pi. 18. fig. 2 ; Hartl. J. f. O.
1857, p. 47 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (Ucayali), 1873,
p. 234 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 55 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 352.

Above rufous ; rump and tail brighter ; head cinereous : beneath
bright rufous, throat and breast more dusky ; bill black ; feet brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 1-8. Female similar, but
rather smaller.

Hab. Cayenne and Amazonia.

a, b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne ( Verdey). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.].

d, e. 2 <id. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hauxwell).

2. Schiffornis rufa.

Heteropelma rufum, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 124.
Schiffornis rufa, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.
Schiffornis minor, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (?)

Above clear ferruginous, tail rather brighter ; wings blackish,
edged with ferruginous : beneath paler, belly rather brighter ; bill
blackish ; feet brown : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2.
Female similar.

Hab. Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Eio Amajou, Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen.)

18. NEOPELMA.

Type.
Neopelma, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467 N. aurifrons.

This curious Brazilian form was originally associated with the
Tyrannklce, but, regard being had to its foot-structure, must go with
the Piprkhv, in the vicinity of Heteropelma. Prom Heteropelma,
however, it deviates in its slender tarsi and more feeble bill, and
should therefore stand alone.

1. Neopelma aurifrons.

Muscicapa aurifrons, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 829.

Elainea aurifrons, Cab. in Schomb. Oman. iii. p. 701.

Euscartlmius aurifrons, Burm. Syst. T'cb. ii. p. 489.

Heteropelma aurifrons, Sclat. P.Z.S, 1860, p. 4C>7; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 245 ; Ph. Orn. Bras. p. 125 ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 55.
Muscicapa luteocephala, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1833, Ois. pi. 13.

i2

324 mpkid^;.

Above olive-green ; -wings aud tail blackish brown, slightly edged
with olive-green ; large vertical patch, occupying the bases of the
feathers, lemon-yellow : beneath paler, throat more cinereous, belly
more yellowish ; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 2-2.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.

19. HETEROCERCUS.

Ileterocercus, Scl. (ex Hartlaub MS.), Cat. A. B. p. 245 Type.

(1862) H. linteatus

v
Tail of Heterocercus linteatus from beneath.

This is a very singular type, remarkable for the peculiar form of
the tail and the nearly smooth rictus. The foot-structure appears
to be Piprine, and I therefore place it here, but am not quite satis-
fied that it will always retain this position.

The three known species of Heterocercus are confined to the forests
of Amazonia.

Key to the Species.

A. Sides of head black ; coronal patch scarlet. . 1. linteatus, p. 824.

B. Sides of head olive-green :

I coronal patch yellow 2.Jlavivertex, p. 325.

| coronal patch orange 3. aurantiivertex, p. 325.

1. Heterocercus linteatus.

Elaenia linteata, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 121, pi. 63 (<S).
Ileterocercus linteatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 245 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 125 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 284

(E. Peru) ; Tact,. Orn. Per. ii. p. 351.

Above dull olive-green ; wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged

19. HETEROCEKCT/S. 325

with olive-green ; cap and sides of head black, with a large central
patch of scarlet : beneath, throat white, pectoral band blackish ;
abdomen chestnut ; under wing-coverts and flanks dull cinereous ;
bill black ; feet brown : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2.
Hub. Upper Amazonia.

a. <$ ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll.

2. Heterocercus flavivertex.

Elamia linteata, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 121, pi. 63 ( 2 ).
Heterocercus flavivertex, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 125, 186 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 55.

Above olive-green ; coronal patch yellow ; ear-coverts blackish ;
wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged with green : beneath, throat
white, abdomen chestnut, middle of belly and crissum paler ; under
wing-coverts and flanks cinereous ; bill blackish ; feet dark cinereous :
whole length 5*5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2. Female. Above olive-
green : beneath lighter, throat cinereous, middle of belly ochraceous.

Bab. Upper Amazonia.

a, b. c? $ ad. sk. Eio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimens.)

c, d. c? 2 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

e,f. cf 2 ad- sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased.

g. $ ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. S jr. sk. Chaniicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Bartlett).

i. 2 ad.sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons. E. Bartlett [P.].

3. Heterocercus aurantiivertex. (Plate XXIII.)

Heterocercus aurantiivertex, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157
(Ecuador).

Above olive-green, large coronal patch bright orange ; wings and
tail blackish, slightly edged with olive-green : beneath fulvous, throat
white, flanks passing into olivaceous ; bill horn-colour ; feet pale
brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 3'4, tail 2.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. <

b, c. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. (

(Types of the species.)

32G COTINQIDiE.

Family IV. COTINGIDvE.

The CotingidoB are one of the great fruit-eating families of
Tropical America, and amongst the Passerine birds addicted to this
kind of diet are the most numerous and most important after the
Tanagridce. In plumage, structure, and size they are much varied.
Nothing can he more brilliant in colour than the typical Cotingas
and some allied forms, while the Lvpaugi and others are of uniformly
dull plumage in both sexes. As regards structure, the second aborted
primary of the Tityrince, the feet and crest of Mupicola, and the
wattles of Ghasmorhynchus and Cephalopterus show such extraor-
dinary excesses of development as are almost unequalled in the
Passerine series. In size also, the discrepancy between Iodopleura
pipra, with a total length of 3| inches, and Pyroderus scutatus, with
a length of 18 inches, is certainly remarkable amongst members of
the same natural family.

Like the Tyrannidce the Gotingidce are dentirostral Oligophoncs,
and have ten well-formed primaries instead of nine, or nine and a
shortened outer primary, as is the case with the dentirostral Oscines.
They number about 110 species, and are distributed over tropical
America from Southern Mexico to the northern borders of the Ar-
gentine Republic. In this case, as in many other Neotropical groups
of Animals and Plants, there seem to be three districts which may
be called the principal " foci " of their development, namely : Central
America (characterized by Carpodectes and the extraordinary species
of Ghasmorhynchus and C&phalopterus), Guiana and Amazonia (the
home of Phcenicocercus, Supicola, Querula, Gymnocephalus, and
Gymnoderus), and S.E. Brazil, where alone we find Tijuca, Phiha-
lura, and Calyptura.

Key to the Subfamilies.

A. Second primary of adult male excessively

abbreviated 1. TITYRINJE, p. 327.

B. Second primary of male Dot abbreviated.

a. Smaller forms : bill turdine.
a'. Rictus bristled.

I Bill broader, slightly hooked .... 2. LIPA UGINsE, p. 348.
| Bill compressed, much hooked . . 3. ATTILINA?, p. 358.
V. Rictus smooth.

I Tarsi very strong ; gressorial 4. RUPICOLINjE, p. 36G.

| Tarsi moderate ; arboreal 5. COTIKdlNJE, p. 371.

b. Large forms : bill corvine 6. GYMNODERINJE,

[p. 394.

327

Subfamily I. TITYRINvE.

The Tityrince have mostly a strong Shrike-like bill, with the tip
well incurved over tho lower mandible, typical pycnaspidean tarsi,
and the toes but slightly connected. Their plumage is not generally
bright, but of blacks and whites and greys and olives, of different
hues, the males as a general rule being differently clad from the
females.

The special peculiarity of the Tityrince is the remarkable abnor-
mality of the second external primary, which is shown in all the
genera of the subfamily, and is quite peculiar to this group.

a. First primary of adult male of Tityra cayaiia.
h. Second primary of ditto.

(P. Z. S. 1857, p. 69.)

The area of distribution of the Tityrince is nearly coextensive
with that of the family Cotinc/idce.

As regards the nesting of the Tityrincr, Gosse (Birds Jam. p. 187)
seems to be our only authority.

Key to the Genera.

A. Bill strong, compressed ; rictus smooth ;

second primary of male narrowed,
scimitar-shaped ; sexes not very dis-
similar ; plumage black and white . . 1. Tityha, p. 328.

B. Bill not so strong, widened ; rictus more

or less bristled ; second primary of
male widened, pointed at end ; sexes
(mostly) quite dissimilar.

a. Larger forms : bill longer ; males uni-

form grey or blackish : females
rufous

b. Smaller forms: bill shorter; males

more or less variegated ; females

rufous or yellowish 3. Pachyrhamphus, p. 337.

IIadrostomt/s, p. 333.

328 C0TINGIDJ3.

1. TITYRA*.

Type.

Titvra, Vieillot, Anal. p. 39 (1816) T. cayana.

Psaris, Car. Iih/n. An. i. p. 340 (1817) T. cayana.

Erator, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47 T. inquisitor.

Exetastus, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. i. p. 134

(1854) (No type given.)

Exetastes, Cab. et Heine, Mas. Hein. ii. p. 83 (1859). T. inquisitor.

The genus Tityra embraces the largest and strongest forms of this
subfamily, which are clad in black, white, and grey. The sexes are
not so conspicuously different as in the two following genera, but
usually well distinguished. There are only five species known,
which range from Southern Mexico down to Southern Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Lores denuded.

a. Whole cap black; tail black: females striated.

1 Smaller: bill at base widely red .... 1. cayana, p. 328.
| Larger : bill at base narrowly red .... 2. brasiiiensis, p. 329.

b. Front of head black ; nape white ; tail white,

with a black band : female not striated . , 3. semifasciata, p. 330.

B. Lores feathered ; cap black : female with rufous

ear-coverts.

i Tail black 4. inquisitor, p. 331.

j Tail white, with a black band 5. albitorques, p. 332.

1. Tityra cayana.

Lanius cayanus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 137 ; Licht. Doiibl. p. 50.
Pachvrhvnchus melanocephalus, Hahn u. Mister, Vb'g. Lief. xiii.

pl/6($>).
Tityra cinerea, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 859 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 217, pi. 134.
Psaris cayanus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 378 ; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Psaris nsevius, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 379 (2 ).
Psaris virgata, H Smith, in Griff. Anim. Kingcl. vi. p. 488 ($).
Psaris cayanensis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 255.
Psaris guianensis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 286.
Tityra cayana, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 238 ; id. in Schomb.

Guian. hi. p. 697 ; Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 81 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 179 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 09, 265; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119 ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 114 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), 1873,

p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Tacz.

Om. Per. ii. p. 354; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Br. Guiana).

Clear greyish white : whole head above, wings, except outer
secondaries, and tail black ; bill red, with a black tip ; feet blackish :
whole length 7-7 inches, wing 4-6, tail 2-8. Female similar, but
back and breast more or less striped with long black shaft-stripes.
Young without the black head, and striped above and beneath.

* Refer also to: —

(1) Tityra {Erator) leucura, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 (Brazil).

(2) Exdastcs a/hinuchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 83 (Brazil).

1. TITYRA.

329

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela,
and Trinidad.

a. 3 ad. ; b. 3 jr.

St.

c. 3 ad. st.

d. 2 aa". st-
e,f. 3 2 ad. sk.
g. 3 ad. sk.

h, i. 3 2 ad. sk.

/. 3 ad. sk.

k. 2 a(i. sk.

I, m. 3 2 ad. ; n.

Jr. sk.
o, ;;. J ad. sk.
q, r. 3 2 ad. sk.

s, t. 3 2 ad. sk.
u. 2 ad. sk.
v. 3 ad. sk.
w. 3 ad. sk.
x. 2 ad. sk.

British Guiana.

S. America.

S. America.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
( Whitely).

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).

Rorairua, Brit. Guiana
(Wiitely).

Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal-
lace).

R. Ucayali {Hauxwell).

Yquitos, Upper Amazons
{Whitely).

Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).

Bogota.

Bogota.

Pilar, Venezuela {Goering).

Trinidad.

R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

J. Gould, Esq.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

2. Tityra brasiliensis.

Psaris brasiliensis, Sw. An. in Mendg. p. 280 ; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851,

p. 46 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 457.
Tityra brasiliensis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239 ; Cab. et

Hein. Mvs. Hein. ii. p. 82 { Bp. Camp. i. p. 179 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1857, p. 70 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119 ; Scl.

et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885,

p. 139 (Rio Gr. do Sul).
Psaris cayanus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 301 (Bolivia).
Psaris maxinms, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Caracterizado bianco cabos negros, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 176.

Similar in all respects to T. eayana, but rather larger, and with
the bill black except at tho base : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 5-2,
tail 3-2.

Hah. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

a.
b.
c-
/•
9-

2 ad. sk.

5 ad. sk.

•e. 2 ad- sk,

2 ad.sk.

3 ad. sk.

h,
3-

i. 3 .P- sk.
3 ad. sk.

k,

m
n.

1.3 2 ad. sk

. 2 ad. sk.

2 ad. sk.

Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes).

Bahia, Brazil.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Rio Janeiro.

Eng. do Gama,Mato Grosso, Brazil

{Natt.erer).
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joi/ner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

{Jot/ner).
Brazil'.
Brazil.
Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].

330 CQTINGIDJE.

3. Tityra semifasciata.

Pachyrhynchua semifasciatuB, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 32, pi. 44. fig. 2

Bitrm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 457.
Psaria aemifasciatus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 301 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,

p. 146.
Tityra semifasciata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Cab. et

hein. Ma*. Ilein. ii. p. 83 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 180 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1857, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p 238; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119; Scl.

et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia) ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 353.
Tityra personata, Jard. et Selb. Bl. Orn. i. pi. 24 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1857, p. 70, 1859, p. 56 (Belize), 1860, p. 295 (Eameraldaa), et

1864, p. 176 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238 ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis,

1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z.S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1870, p. 837

(Honduras), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia) ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Cab. et Hein. Mvs. Hein. ii. p. 83; Lawr.

Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 295 (Colombia), is. pp. 116 (Costa Rica),

204 (N. Yucatan) ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica) ; Salv.

P. Z.S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318

(Chontales) ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Bouc.

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan) ;

Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta) ; Bidgw. P. U.S.

N. M. v. pp. 397, 500 (Costa Rica), vi. p. 393 (Nicaragua) ; Berl.

J.f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga).
Pearia mexicanus, Less. Bev. Zool. 1839, p. 41.
Psaris tityroides, Less. Bev. Zool. 1842, p. 210.
Tityra mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 141, 297.

Clear white with a slight greyish tinge ; front half of crown, sides
of head, chin, and wings, except outer secondaries, black ; tail white,
with a broad black subapical band ; bill with the basal half red,
apical half black ; feet black : whole length 8*5 inches, wing 5,
tail 3. Female similar but not so bright, head brownish, back
tinged with brownish.

Hab. From Southern Mexico through Central and Southern
America down to Bolivia.

I do not now see my way to draw a line between T. personata and
T. semifasciata. Inmost northern specimens, ho wever, there seems
to be usually not so much black on the front of the head.

a. <$ ad. ; b, c. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
? ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

e. S ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. S ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.

g, h. cJ 2 ad. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk.

i. <$ ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll.

j, k. <$ ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduraa (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll.

caneaux).

I, m. S 2 ad- Choctum, Vera Paz (Sulviri). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ak.

n. 3 ad. ; o. tf Barranco Hondo, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

jr. sk. vin).

p. J ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(j. 3 ad. sk. Guatemala (Finsc/i). Sclater Coll.

1. TITTRA.

331

r. 2 ad. sk.
s. j ad. sk.
t. 3 ad. sk.
u. (J ad. sk.
v. 2 ad. sk.
ic. 2 ad. sk.
*i y- c? 2 ad.

sk.
s. J ad. sk.
a', b'. J ad. ;

e'. 2 ad. sk.
<V. $ ad. sk.
e'. S ad. sk.
/. 2 ad. sk.

(/'. (5 ad. sk.
h'. 3 ad. sk.
i'. <3 ad. sk.
f, k'. J 2 ad.

sk.
/'. c? ad. sk.
!»'. J ad. sk.
n'. cJ ad. sk.
«', p'. c? 2 ad.

sk.
y'. <5 ad. sk.
r'. 2 ad. sk.
s', r. J 2 ad.sk.
m'. c? ad. sk.
v'. 2 ad. sk.

San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitely).
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Omatepec, Nicaragua (Nutting).
Cache, Costa Rica (Rogers).
Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arce).
San Jose, Costa Rica (Frcintzius).
Calovevora, Veragua (Ar<i).

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).

Lion Hill, Panama (McLeannan).

Isthmus of Panama (Arce).
Minca, U. S. C. (Simons).
Remedies, Antioquia, U. S. C.

( Salmon).
Santa Maria, Colombia.
Santa Marta, Colombia.
Venezuela (Dyson).
Esmeralda s, Ecuador (Fraser).

Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Blinyicorth).
Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
San Jose, Ecuador (Buckley).
Yquitos, Ep. Amazons ( Whitely).

River Ucayali (Hav.vicell).

Para.

Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley).

Bolivia.

Cayenne (?).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
R.Graham, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

4. Tityra inquisitor.

Lanius inquisitor, Licht. Doubl. p. 50.

Psaris ervthrogenvs, Selb. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 483 ; Sic. Nat. Libr.,

Flycatch. p. 82, pi. 3; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 379 ($>).
Psaris jardinii, Sic. Zool. III. ser. 2, vol. i. pi. 35.
Psaris nattererii, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 286 ($ juv.).
Psaris selbii, Sic. An. in Menag. p. 286.
Psaris inquisitor, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 302 ; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 47;

Burm. Syst. Feb. ii. p. 4-"iti.
Tityra inquisitor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 180 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 51 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 239 ; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 120 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,

p. 617 (Bolivia).
Exetastes inquisitor, Cab. et 'Rein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 84.

Above greyish white ; whole cap, including ear-coverts, wings
except outer secondaries, and tail, except at the base, black :
beneath white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4-4,
tail 2-7. Female similar, but ear-coverts and front rufous, and back
more cinereous.

Hab. Cayenne, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador.

a. 2 ad. st.

b. cj ad. sk.

c. 2 ad. sk.

S. America.
( 'ayenne.
Cavenne.

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.

332

C'OTINGTD.E.

ad. sk.
ad. sk.
ad. sk.

ad. sk.
ad. sk.

Brazil.

Brazil.

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
(Jbyner).

Bogota.

Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckle;/).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. Tityra albitorques.

Tityra albitorques, Dubus, Bull. Acad. Brux. xiv. pt. 2, p. 104 (1847) ;

id. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 244; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 77, 150 (Bo-
gota), 1857, p. 71, 1859, pp. 50 (Belize) et 384 (Oaxaca) ; id, Cat.

A. B. p. 239 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1800, p. 400 (Vera Paz) ; iid. P. Z. S.

1807, pp. 751, 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517

(Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 50 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii.

p. 295 (Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 1 10 (Costa Rica) ;

Frantz. J. f. O. 1809, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Pe/z. Om. Bras.

p. 120; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Tacz.

P. Z. S. 18S2, p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ; Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 559 (W. Ecuador).
Psaris fraserii, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47, pis. 37 ( d), 38 ( $ ).
Tityra fraseri, Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Bouc.

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan).
Exetastes albitorques, Cab. et LTein. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 84.
Tityra albitorques fraseri, Ridyiv. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 397 (Costa

Rica).

Above greyisb white ; wbole cap and wings except outer secon-
daries black ; tail white, with a broad black subapical band : beneath
white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4,
tail 2-5. Female similar, but front and sides of head rufous, and
body above brownish cinereous.

Hab. Prom Mexico southwards through Central America to
Bolivia and Inner Brazil.

I am not now able to distinguish a northern T. fraseri and a
southern T. albitorques, as I have sometimes thought possible.
Though there is much individual variation, the series seems complete
from north to south.

a. $ ad. sk.

b. cj ad. sk.

c. c? jr. sk.

d. c? ad. sk.

e. <$ ad. sk.

f,ff- 6 2 ad-

sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.

j. S ad. ; k.

$ ad. sk.
I. 3 ad. ; m. 2

jr. sk.

Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard).
Choctuni, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Guatemala (Salvin).
Tiziman, Northern Yucatan (Gau-

mer).
British Honduras (Blancaneaux).

Guatemala (Salvin).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica

(Arce).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).

Chiriqui (Arce).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

2. HADROSTOMUS. 333

n, o. (5 5 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal- Sclater Coll.

mo/i).

P, q- <S ? ad. Bogota. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

sk.

r. d ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

s. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

t, u. <S 5 ad. Valencia, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvhi-Godman Coll.

sk.

v, W. S ? ad. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth). Salviu-Godrnan Coll.

sk.

x. S ad. sk. Ckyavetas, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

y. S ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

2. HADROSTOMUS*. w

Type.

Hadrostomus, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 84 (1859) H. atricapillus

Platvpsaris, Bp. MS. (teste Gray) (ef. Scl. P. Z. S. 1857,

p. 74) H. aglaite.

Hadrostomus is intermediate in form between Tityra and Pachy-
rhamphus. The males are mostly black or cinereous, the females
very different, of various shades of brown. The genus has nearly
the same distribution on the American continent as Tityra, and is
besides represented by a peculiar species in the Antilles.

Key to the Species.

A. Without a rosy pectoral band.

Lower surface dirty white 1. atricapillus, p. 333.

Lower surface black 2. niger, p. 334.

Lower surface grey 3. homochrous, p. 334.

B. With a rosy pectoral band.

1 Lower surface white 4. albiventris, p. 335.

Lower surface grey 5. aglaice, p. 335.

Lower surface blackish 6. minor, p. 337.

1. Hadrostomus atricapillus.

Caracterizado canela y cabeza negra, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 182.
Tityra atricapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 347 (1816) ; id. Enc

Meth. p. 859.
Tityra rufa, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 347; id. Enc. Meth. p. 859.
Lanius validus, Licht. Doubl. p. 50.
Pachyrhynchus ciuerasceus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 34, pi. 46. fio-. 1

(djuv.).
Psaris cristatus, Sw. Zool. Journ. n. p. 355 ; id. Zool. 111. ser. 2, vol i

pi. 41. _
Psaris strigatus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 287.
Pachyrhynchus megacephalus, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 287.
Psaris affinis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 354.
Psaris validus, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 14; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.

* See also : —

(1) Hadrostomus audax, C;ib. J. f. O. 1873, p. 68; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874

p. 540 (C. Peru) ; id. On. Vir. ii. p. 356.
(■2) Platypsaris insularis, Eidgw. Man. N. A B. p. 382 (Tres Marias Is.).

334

COTIXG1I1/E.

Pachyrhamphus validus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 240; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 180 ; Burnt. Syst. Ucb. ii. p. 455 ; Soldier, P. Z. S. 1857,

P. 7i'.
Hadrostomus atricapillus, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem., ii. p. 85; act. Cat.

A. B. p. 239 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 ; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 50.

Above fuliginous grey ; crown black ; concealed patcb on scapulars
white : beneath pale einnainonieous white, under wing-coverts more
cinnamomeous ; bill horn-colour ; feet plumbeous : whole length
7 inches, wiug 3*9, tail 2*7. Female. Above ferruginous red ; cap
black ; beneath pale cinnamomeous.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

a. 2 ftd. st.

Brazil.

M. Claussen [P.].

b. § ad. st.

South America.

Purchased.

c. cf ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

d. cS ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil.

Sudbury Museum.

e. 2 ad. sk.

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).

Salvin-Godruau Coll

/. 2 ad- st-

Brazil.

Purchased.

g, h. rf J ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

i. cJ ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvm-Godman Coll

2. Hadrostomus niger.

Lanius niger, Gm. S. N. i. p. 301.

Pachyrhynchus aterrimus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 320.

Tityra leuconotus, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. pi. 63 ; Gosse, B. Ja?n.

p. 187.
Pachyrhamphus nigrescens, Cab. Weigm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 241 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 180.
Pachyrhamphus niger, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 72.
Platypsaris nigra, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77.
Hadrostomus niger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 239 ; Scl. et Salv. Nbmencl. p. 56.

Above glossy black, beneath sooty black ; concealed patch at the
base of the scapulars white ; bill and feet black : whole length
7 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3"2. Female. Above cinereous ; cap, wings,
and tail rufescent : beneath pale cinereous white, throat tinged with
rufous ; bill and feet black.

Hab. Jamaica.

a, b. <3 2 a(i- sk-

c. J ad. sk.

d. 2 a(h sk-

e. d jr. sk.

/. rS jr. sk.

g, h, d 2 a<l s'{-

Jamaica (Gosse).
Jamaica (Gosse).
Jamaica (Gosse).
Spanish Town, Jamaica

(Marsh).
Jamaica (Bryant).
Jamaica.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Mr. Bryant [P.].
Purchased.

3. Hadrostomus homochrous. (Plate XXIV.)

Pachyrhamphus homochrous, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142, et 1860, p. 279
(Ecuador) ; Later. Ann. Lye. Ar. I', vii. p. 473.

2. HADKOSTOMUS. 335

Hadrostomus homochrous, Scl. Cat. A. IS. p. 240 ; Scl, et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 326 (Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 357; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v.
p. 397 (Costa Rica) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).

Above sooty black, darker on head ; concealed patch at base of
scapulars white : beneath dark cinereous ; bill and feet black :
whole length 7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2-9. Female. Above ferrugi-
nous red ; beneath paler, in some specimens ciunarnomeous white.

Hub. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.

a, 6. cJ 2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

(Types of the species.)

c. 2 a<i- sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Eraser [C.].

d. 3 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

e. J ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
f,g- 6 2 ad.sk. Babahoya, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

h. <S ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. 2 ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. 2 ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.

icorth).

k. $ jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. c? ad. sk. Lechugal, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

m. 2 ad. sk. Sta. Marta, U. S. C. (Joad). Sclater Coll.

n. 2 ad. sk. Panama (?). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Hadrostomus albiventris.

Hadrostomus albiventris, Laior. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 475 (W.

Mexico).
Platypsaris albiventris, Ridgiv. Man. N. A. B. p. 325.

Above cinereous ; wings and tail brownish black, edged with
cinereous : beneath white, breast rosy red ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2*7. Female. Above cine-
reous, cap blackish ; nape, wings, and tail brownish : beneath pale
cinnamomeous white.

Sab. Western Mexico.

I have only seen one pair of this form, of which the male is not
adult. If the white underside is constant in birds from this locality,
the species may stand as distinct.

a. c? jr. ; b. 2 Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

5. Hadrostomus aglaise.

Pachyrhynchus aglaise, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 98.

Psaris aglaise, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.

Pachyrhamphus aglaise, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, et 1857, p. 74 ;

Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124.
Platypsaris atiinis, Elliot, Ibis, 1869, p. 394, pi. 13.
Hadrostomus aglaise, Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 85 ; Cab.

J.f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 240; id.

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 176 (Mexico) ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. pp. 116

(Costa Rica), 204 (N. Yucatan); Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 309

330

COTING1DJ5.

(Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid,
Nomencl. p. 56 ; Bone. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan).

Platypsaria aglaiae, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 324.

Pachyrhamphus latirostris, Bp. Compt. Bend, xxxviii. p. 658 ; id.
Nut. Om. p. 87 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74.

Hadrostomus latirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 240.

Platypsaris latirostris, Ridgiv. Man. N. A. B. p. 325.

Above cinereous ; cap black ; patch at the base of the scapulars
white : beneath paler cinereous ; throat and chest bright rosy red ;
bill and feet black : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-8.
Female. Above rufous ; outer edges of wings and whole tail bright
ferruginous ; cap black : beneath pale cinnamomeous.

Hub. Central America from Southern Mexico to Nicaragua.

In some males of this species the rosy throat is evanescent and
the tinge barely perceptible. On such a specimen was founded, as
I believe, Pacliyrhamphus latirostris, Bp. There are similar speci-
mens from Vera Paz in the present series.

a. cJ ad.; b. J
jr. st.

c. c? ad. sk.

d. $ ad.; e. d
jr. sk.

/• 6 jr. sk.

g. J jr. sk.

h. $ ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.

j. 2 ad. sk.
k. c? ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
m. Jr. sk.
n, o. S 2 ad. sk.
p. S ad. ; q, r.

6 jr. sk.
s. 5 ad. sk.
t. 5 ad. ; u. $

jr. sk.
v. d jr. sk.
w, x. <$ $ ad. sk.

y. 2 ad. sk.

z. <$ ad. sk.

a', c? ad. sk.

b'. J ad. sk.
c'. J ad. sk.
d'. 3 jr. sk.
e'. $ ad. sk.

Mexico.

Jalapa, Mexico.

Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).

Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico

(Sumichrast).
Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec,

Mexico (Sumichrast).
Southern Mexico {Boucard).
Tizimin, Northern Yucatan

(Gaumer).
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).
Merida, Yucatan {Gaumer).
Jolbox I., Yucatan {Gaumer).
Cozumel Island (Devis).
Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin).

Vera Paz.

Retalhuleu, Guatemala.

Chisec, Guatemala.
Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,

Guatemala {Salvin).
Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,

Guatemala {Salvin).
Barranco Hondo, Volcan de
Fuego, Guatemala {Salvin).
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Guatemala {Salvin).
Central America {Delattre).
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua {Salle).

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

d. PACHTEHAMPHTJS. 337

6. Hadrostomus minor.
Querula minor, Zeiss. Tr. d'Oni, i. p. 363
Psans roseicoffis. Jar* et Selb. III. Orn. iy. pi. 28 ; «f Orb. "et [Lafr.

Syn.Av. i. p. 42 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 302. ' J

1 acliyrhynehus pectoralis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. <>88.
1 acbyrbampbus pectoralis, Selater, P. Z. 8. 1857, p 73
-fachyrbanipbus minor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i' p 241 ■ Bn

tonsp. i. p. 180. * * ' l

Psaris pectoralis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46
Hadrostomas ; minor Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hern. ii. p. 85; Scl. Cat.

]8fif A-t A a et Sali\^Z-S- 1866> P- 190 (R- Ucayali),
Jb6 , p. 5/9 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p 617

vlitt r P< 3 0* -,v- Pem) ; Salv- Ibis' 1885> P- 30^(Br. Guiana).
Pacbyrbampbus roseicollis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 73 (Bolivia) ?

Above sooty-black, ratber lighter on the rump, wings, and tail •
concealed spot at the base of the scapularies white : beneath dark
cinereous, with a rosy-red cervical band ; blotch at the base of the

SST? fnSi oerWhlS '' bm aud feet Wack : whole *■** 6 inches,
Wing 3-5, tad 2-6 Female. Above cinereous ; rump, edges of wing!

feathers, and whole tad chestnut-red: beneath pale cinuamomcous.

nab. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, and Colombia.
a. S ad. st. S. America. Purchased

d'^iHi-^ r>yenDe- „ • Selater Com

' e' 6 Jr- sk- Caf^Ba? NBntlsla Guiana Salyin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

f. 6 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salyin-Godman Coll

( finitely).

A i Tq^ A ?rItislr Guian?- Salyin-Godman Coll.

n,i. 6 V ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sahin-Godman Coll.

lace).

J. $ ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Selater Coll.

lace).

k. 5 ad. sk. Chamicuros (Hauxivell). J. Gould, Esq.

' V aa- sk' Y1"*°?> UPPer Amazons Salyin-Godman Coll.

( // hitely).

m. 5 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett rp.l

o i aa.r v Saxayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sahin-Godman Coll.

o. 6 aa. si. Samina, Upper Amazons Salyin-Godman Coll

(Hau.ricell).

a'i^A S°g°^ • Selater Coll.

q. rf aa. sk. South America. Selater Coll.

3. PACHYRHAMPHUS.
Pachyrhynchus, 8pix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31 (1825) .... P. viSit
1 acbyrbampbus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 31 (1840) .... P yiridi's'
C hloropsaris, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45 .... . p' Sk

£etetes. Cab. et Hem, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 87 (1859) . . " P niger '
Latbmidurus -Cab Wiegm. Arch. zm. pt. i. p. 243 (1847) ?'. atricapillu*

n°85Sans' p' Sc' Nat' siT- 4' Zoal •*• L p- 13* lcapilJUS-

' P. versicolor.

Under Pachyrhamjohus I place all the smaller and weaker

VOL. XIV.

z

338 COTINGIDiE.

members of the Tityriuo subfamily. The sexes are usually quite
different in plumage, but iu two species (nos. 7 & 8) the male
appears to be always clad in female attire, and the sexes are there-
fore alike. Paehyrhamphus extends all over tropical America from
South Mexico to Argentina.

The nests and eggs of two species of this genus have been described
by Euler (J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 223, 22-4). The eggs are of a uniform
chocolate-brown, unspotted.

Key to the Species.

A. Lesser wing-coverts black in males, rufous in

females ; head in males black.

a. Back green.

Breast yellow 1. viridis, p. 338.

Breast greyish white 2. griseigularis, p. 339.

b. Back black.

( Under surface with cross bars 3. versicolor, p. 339.

I Under surface white 4. surinamus, p. 340.

B. Males above more or less cinereous with head

black : females all rufous.

Beneath white 5. cinerem, p. 34] .

Beneath cinereous 6. spodiurus, p. 341.

C. Both sexes all rufous.

I Nape uniform 7. cinnamomem, p. 342.

| Nape cinereous 8. rufus, p. 343.

D. Males black or cinereous, with broad white

ends to the rectrices : females olivaceous or
rufous, more or less yellowish beneath.

c. Crown and front black ; no white lores.

a'. Beneath black 9. niger, p. 343.

b'. Beneath cinereous.

Smaller : clearer beneath 10. cinereiventris, p. 344.

Larger: darker beneath 11. polych?-opterus,i).3-l5.

d. Crown black; narrow white front and lores.

c'. Larger : interscapulium black 12. major, p. 346.

d'. Smaller.

Interscapulium cinereous 13. albogriseus, p. 347.

Interscapulium mixed with blackish 14. atricapiUus, p. 347.

1. Paehyrhamphus viridis.

Caracterizado verde corona negra, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 184.

Tityra viridis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 348 (1816) ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 800.
Psaris cuvierii, Sw. Zool. III. i. pi. xxxii.; Kemp, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45.
Platyrhynchus dupontii, Vieill. Enc. M6th. p. 843.
Muscicapa nigriceps, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pi. xlv. fig. 2 ; Sw.

Nat. Libr., Fly catch, p. 85, pi. iv.
Muscipeta nigriceps, Mac. Beitr. iii. p. 914 (<$ et $).
Tityra vieillotii, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. i. pi. x. 6>. 1 ( $ ).
Paehyrhamphus viridis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 75 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 240 ; Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120 ;

Scl. et Salv. Komencl. p. 56 ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1873, p. 263 (S. Brazil) ;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 ; id. Orn.' Per. ii. p. 359 ; Berl. et Jher.

Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 44 (Rio Grande do Sul).

3. rAcnrKHAMrnTJS. 339

Pachyrhamphus cuvierii, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 242 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 180.
Pachyrhamphus nigriceps, Burnt. Si/st. TJeb. ii. p. 454; Eider, J.f. 0.

1807, p. 224 (nest).
Pachyrhamphus vieilloti, Hartl. Vers. Mus. Brem. p. 51 ( § ).

Above green, wings and tail blackish, edged with green ; crown
black ; back of neck and sides of head grey ; lores and front white :
beneath white ; breast and under wing-coverts yellow ; bill and
feet dark plumbeous : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2*2.
Female similar, but crown green like the back, and lesser wing-
coverts bright rufous.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. (S 2 ad- st. Brazil. Purchased.

c. c? ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll.

d, e. d ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvio-Godman Coll.
f-i. d ad. ; /, k. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk.'

I. d ad. sk. Bahia. Sudbury Mus. [E.].

m. d ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Touch). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. $ jr. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o, p. S ad. ; q, r. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk.

2. Pachyrhamphus griseigularis.

Pachyrhamphus griseigularis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208, et
1884, p. 448 (Brit. Guiana) ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302, pi. viii.
(Brit. Guiana).

Above green ; crown black ; lores white ; wings black, secon-
daries slightly edged with greenish ; tail blackish, slightly edged
with green : beneath greyish white ; sides of neck and flanks tinged
with green ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark
plumbeous : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2*2. Female
similar, but head green like the back, and wing-coverts chestnut-
red.

Hab. British Guiana.

This is a very distinct species, allied to P. viridis, but distinguished
by its grey under surface and the want of the cinereous nape.

a, b. d 2 a(i- sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely). (Types of the species.)

3. Pachyrhamphus versicolor.

Yireo versicolor, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.

Pachyrhamphus squamatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291, et 1844,
p. 46.

Pachyrhamphus versicolor, Hartl. Ver'z. Mm. Brem. p. 51 ; Cab.
Wiegm. < Irch. 1847, pt. i. p. 243 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181 ( ' <$ et $ ) ; Scl.
P.Z.S. 1855, p. 150, 1857, p. 70 (Bogota), et 1858, p.71( RioNapo) ;
id. Cat.A.B. p. 243; Scl et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 : iid. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. P. Z. A'. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru), 1879,
p. 230 (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii.

z 2

340 COTINGIDiE.

p. 366 ; Bow. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Berl. et Tacz.

P. Z. 8. 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Psaris versicolor, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45.
Psaris sulphureicollis, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Callopsaris versicolor, Cub. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89 (note).

Above black ; lores and sides of head greenish : lower back
cinereous : wings black, coverts and secondaries edged with white ;
tail grey, with slight white tips to the lateral feathers : beneath
white ; throat and breast tinged with yellowish green, and covered
with numerous fine transverse bands of blackish, more or less distinct ;
middle of belly paler ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers white ; bill and feet dark plumbeous : whole length
5 inches, wing 2*0, tail 2*1. Female similar, but head plumbeous,
upper back greenish, wing-coverts and outer margins of wing-
feathers rufous, and body below more yellowish and less distinctly
barred.

Hah. Colombia and Ecuador.

This species stands alone in the genus in showing numerous
transverse bars on the lower surface.

a, b. S 2 ad. st. Bogota. Purchased,

c, d. J ad.; e,f. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk.

(/, It. <$ J ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

('. <3 ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

/. $ ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

(Salmon),

h, I. S 2 a<k sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. $ ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

4. Pachyrhamphus surinamus.

Muscicapa surinama, Linn. S. N. i. p. .325.

Tityra surinama, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. G2, pi. xi. (<5 ad.).

Psaris surinamus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.

Pachyrhamphus surinamus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 241 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56.
Zetetes surinamus, Cab. et Hein. Mvs. Hein. ii. p. 88.
Bathmidurus melanoleucus J (excl. syn.), Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847,

pt. i. p. 244 (?).
Pachyrhamphus dimidiatus, De Filippi, Cat. Mas. Medial, p. 31.

Above shining black, with steel-bluish spots on the head; large
patch on the sides of the back, at the base of the scapularies, white :
beneath pure white ; under wing-coverts, inner margins of wing-
feathers, and tips of outer rectrices white ; bill dark plumbeous ;
feet black : whole length 5*3 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2*3. Female.
Head and outer wing-margins dark ferruginous ; upper back
cinereous ; lower back and whole under surface white.

Hah. Cayenne.

a, b. J ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

c, d. cj 2 a(^ sk- Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

e. d ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.

3. PACHTRHAMPHUS. 341

5. Pachyrhamphus cinereus.

Manakin cendre' de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 637. fig. 1.

Pipra cinerea, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 43.

Pipra atrieapilla, 6m. S. N. i. p. 1003.

Lanins mitratus, Licht. Doubl. p. 50.

Pachyrhynchus leucogaster, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 289.

Psaris atricapillns, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45.

Pachyrhynchus simplex, Less. Echod. M. S. 1844, p. 231 ; Hartl. Rev.

Zool. i84(J, p. 2.
Pachyrhamphus mitratus, L'urm. Sgst. TJeb. ii. p. 454.
Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 18 47, pt. i. p. 242 ;

id. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 698; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.
Pachyrhamphus cinereus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 75 ; id. Cat A. B.

p. 241 ; Cab. et Hein. Mas. Ifein. ii. p. 86 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N.

Y. vii. p. 330 (Colombia) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361

(Panama), 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons),

et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Pelz. Om. Bras.

p. 121 ; Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 360.
Psaris parinus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.
Pachyrhamphus griseus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 18 (Bogota).

Above cinereous ; cap black ; front and lores white ; wings
blackish, secondaries and coverts edged with white : tail dark grey
with slight white terminations : beneath white, sides greyish ; bill
dark plumbeous ; feet blackish : whole length 4*7 inches, wing 2*7,
tail 1*9. Female. Above chestnut-red : beneath pale cinnamo-
meous ; throat and middle of belly white.

Hob. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower
Amazonia.

«, b. <S ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama (3fc Salvin-Godman Coll.

Leannan).

c, d. $ 2 ad. sk. Line of Railway, Panama {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. 5 ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. j ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.

g. c? ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

h. 3 ad. ; i. cf Bogota. Sclater Coll.

jr. sk.

/. J ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased.

k. c? ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m, n. S 2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

o. 2 ad. sk Paramaribo, Surinam. E. Bartlett [C.].

p. j1 ad. sk. Para, Upper Amazons ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

q. 2 ad. sk. Mexiana. Sclater Coll.

r. c? ad. ; s, t. 2 Para. R. Graham, Esq.

ad. st. [P.].

u. J ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

6. Pachyrhamphus spodiurus. (Plate XXV.)

Pachyrhamphus spodiurus, Scl. P. Z. S. I860, pp. 279, 296 (Ecuador) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 2J 1 : Scl. ct Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Tacz. Om.

342 COTINGIDJE.

Ph: ii. p. 302 ; Bed. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, et 1885, p. 93
(Ecuador).
Pachyrhamphus sp. inc., Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23.

Above dark cinereous ; head and upper back black ; lores grey ;
wings and tail blackish ; narrow edgings of wing-coverts, and most
of wing-feathers and extreme tips of tail-feathers whitish : beneath
paler, nearly uniform cinereous, lighter on the middle of the belly ;
broad inner margins of wing-feathers white : whole length 5-5
inches, wing 3, tail 2*3. Female. Above dark chestnut-red ; beneath
paler, more cinnamomeous.

Nab. "Western Ecuador.

a, h. J 2 ftd- sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
e. 5 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

7. Pachyrhamphus cixmamomeus.

Pachyrhamphua cinnamoineus, Later. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 295

(Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et is. p. 116 (Costa Rica) ;
Frantz. J. f. O. 1809, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Perl. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 305 (Bucara-
manga) ; Piclgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 320.

Above chestnut-red ; wings blackish, edged with chestnut ; tail
uniform chestnut : beneath pale cinnamomeous, whiter on the
throat and middle of the belly ; bill and feet dark plumbeous : whole
length G inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-5. Female similar in plumage,
but second primary not abbreviated.

Nab. Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador.

In our remarks on this species (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518), Mr. Salvin
and I have expressed the present state of our views upon the diffi-
cult question of the true status of these uniform red Becards. The
positive solution of the problem must be left to observers in the
field.

a. $ ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll.

8f Godm.).

d. S ad. sk. Vera Paz. 0. Salvin, Esq. [PA

e. 2 ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Carmiol).

f. g. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).
h, i. $ ad. ; j, k. J Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk. (McLeannan).

I, m. cJ ad. ; n, o, $ Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

ad. sk
p. (5 ad. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).
q, r. cJ2 ad.sk. Bemedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

3. PACHTKHAMPHUS. 343

s, t. cJ $ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, Sclater Coll.

U. S. C. (Salmon),

u. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Ilhngworth).

v, to. d 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

•t. Ad sk. Cauta, U. S. C. E. W. Wyatt rc.l.

* Jr- *■ TJPPer Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

8. Pachyrhamphus rufus.

Gobemouche roux de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 453. fio\ l (?)

Muscicapa rufa, Bodd. fable d. PI. Enl. p. 27.

Muscicapa rufescens, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 932 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i.

p. 487.
Pachyrhynchus rufescens, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 34, pi. 46. fi°- 2
Tityra castanea, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. pi. x. fio-. 2.
Muscipeta aurantia, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 911 (tf °et j, descr. opt )
Pachyrhynchus ruficeps, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 288.
Pachyrhamphus rufescens, Sol. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 79 (Brazil) : Pelz

Orn. Bras. p. 122 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 368
Pachyrhamphus rufus, Berl. JJ. O. 1873, p. 264 (S. Brazil) ; Scl. et

Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518.
Pachyrhamphus intermedius, Berl. Orn. Centralbl. 1879, p. 63 • id

J. f. 0. 1879, p. 208 (Venezuela). L

Above chestnut-brown; wings blackish, edged with chestnut-
brown ; tail chestnut-brown ; eye-region and broad line round the
nape cinereous : beneath pale cinnamomeous ; under wing-coverts
and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill plumbeous ;
feet dark brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-7. Female
similar, but second primary not modified.

Bab. Brazil, Amazonia, and Venezuela.

Graf von Berlepsch has lately separated the Venezuelan form of
this species as P. intermedius; but I cannot find any differences
between Venezuelan and Brazilian specimens.

a. Ad. st. South America. Purchased.

b. 5 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wueherer). Sclater Coll.

c. d $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll
e, /■ 6 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

ff. c? ad. sk. S. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll

h, t. d 2 ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].

j, k. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll

I. 2 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll!

(Goer my),

m. 2 ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

9. PachyThamphus niger.

Pachyrhynchus niger, Spiv,Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pi. 45. Gg. 1 ; Su> An

in Menag. p. 290.
Pachyrhamphus niger, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 241 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p 87

(Tnmdad) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873,

344 COTINGIDJE.

Psaris niger, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 356 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.
Batlinridurus niger, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 243; id. in

Schomb. Guian. hi. p. G98.
Pachyrhamphus nigriventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 76.
Zetetes niger, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 87.

Above sooty black, feathers of the crown shining black ; wings
and tail dull black : both rows of wing-coverts edged with white,
forming two transverse bands ; broad tips of outer tail-feathers
white : beneath sooty black, in some specimens with a cinereous
tinge ; bill and feet dark plumbeous : whole length 5*8 inches,
wing 3, tail 2*3. Female. Above greenish, with a cinnamomeous
tinge on the back ; wings blackish, edged with cinnamomeous ; tail
blackish, all the lateral rectrices broadly ended with clear cinna-
momeous : beneath pale yellowish green, bend or the wing and
inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous.

Bab. Amazonia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Guiana.

Spix gives no precise locality for his P. niger ; but we may con-
jecture that his specimens were from Upper Amazonia. My descrip-
tions are from a pair obtained at Pebas, by Hauxwell, the male of
which is quite as black below as is represented in Spix's figure.
Venezuelan and Guianan specimens are rather more cinereous on
the belly, and betray a transition towards the next species.

a. Ad. st. South America. Purchased.

b. (5" ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

d. e. S ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. 2 ad.sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 3 ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i,j. (J ad.sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Wkitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k,l. 3 2 a(h sk. Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll.

m. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

ii. 3 ad. sk. Para. P. Graham, Esq. [P.].

o,}). d 2ad.sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxwell). Sclater Coll.

q. c? ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. 3 ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. 3 ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll.

t, u. 3 ad. et S Bio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

jr. sk.

v, w. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

10. Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris.

Pachvrhamphus cinereiventris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 242 ; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Zaun:
Ann. Luc. V. Y. ix. p. 116 (CostaBica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149,
et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa
Pica) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Eidgw. P. U.S.
N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua).

Pachyrhamphus dorsalis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 243.

Above black ; feathers of head with shining steel-bluish shaft-
spots ; rump cinereous ; wings black, edged with white ; tail black,

3. PACHYRHAMPHUS. 345

tipped with white : beneath cinereous ; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet blackish :
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-3. Female. Olivaceous,
wings and tail bluish, edged and tipped with cinuamomeous ; beneath
yellowish.

Hub. Central America and Colombia.

The type specimen of P. cinereiventris (p) is from Santa Marta,
and agrees well with specimens obtained by Simons in the same
district (n, o). They have the belly slightly freckled with white.
In Bogota skins (on one of which the name P. dorsalis was based)
and in most of the Central- American specimens the belly is of a
clear cinereous, unfreckled. Some of the Panama skins are, how-
ever, intermediate.

I am not quite satisfied as to the distinctness of this form from
the Brazilian P. polychropterus.

a. 3 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz {Salvin). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

b,c. 3 2 a(i- sk. Bugaba, Chiviqui (Arce). ' Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, e. S 2 ad. sk. Chiriqui {Arce). Sclater Coll.

/. 3 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(/. 3 ad. sk. Santa Fe", Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. 3 ad. sk. Veragua {Arce). Sclater Coll.

i, j. 3 ad.sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

h, I. 3 ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama {McLean- Salvin-Godman Coll.

nan),

in. 3 ad. sk. Near Panama city (Rhoads). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n, o. 3 ad.sk. Santa Marta, U. S.G. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. 3 ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. (Type

of P. cinereiventris.)

q. 3 ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type

of P. dorsalis.)

s. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

t-v. § ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

11. Pachyrhamphus polychropterus.

Platyrkvnchus polychropterus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxvii. p. 10; id.

Enc. Meth. p. 835 ; Puck. Arch. Mus. Par. yii. p. 357.
Pachyrhynchus variegatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31, pi. 43. fig. 2

(3 jun.).
Muscipeta splendens, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 906 ( 3 ad.).
Pachyrhynchus spixii, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 289.
Bathmidurus variegatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 244;

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 462.
Psaris marginatus tristis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.
Pachyrhamphus polychropterus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 77 (S.E.

Brazil), et 1859, p. 56 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 242 ; Ph. Om. Bras.

p. 121; Scl. et Salr. Lbis, 1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579

(L. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Bumf. Lbis, 1878, p. 61

(Buenos Ayres) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Om. 1885, p. 140 (Pdo

Gr. do Sul) ; Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Om. i. p. 162.
Zetetes polychropterus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 87.

346

COTINGIDiE.

Larger than P. cinereiventris, and of a darker colour beneath :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3*1, tail 2-5.
llab. Brazil and N. Argentina.

a, b. d 2 ad. st.

c. <$ ad. sk.

d. <S ad. sk.

e. $ ad. sk.
/. cj ad. sk.
y, h. J ad. sk.
i-k. $ ad. sk.
/. rf ad. sk.
m. J ad. sk.

n. c? ad. sk.

o. c? ad. sk.

Brazil.

Mexiana, Lower Amazons

( Wallace).
Brazil.
Brazil.

Bahia, Brazil.
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joyner).
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

(Plant).
Belgrano, Buenos Ayres.

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

H. Durnford [C.].

12. Pachyrhamphus major.

Bathmidurus major, Cab. Wieym. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 246; Cab. et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89.

Psaris major, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.

Psaris marginatus major, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.

Pachyrbaiuplius marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 298.

Pachyrhamphus major, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 78, 204 (Jalapa),
1858, p. 97 (S. Mexico), 1859, p. 366 (Jalapa), et 1864, p. 176
(Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 242 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36
(Coban) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 56 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449
(Yucatan) ; Ridyw. Man. N. A. B. p. 326.

Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores whitish,
middle of back more or less varied with black ; wings black, broadly
edged with white, scapularies white : tail black, broadly tipped with
white : beneath pale cinereous white ; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3'3, tail 2-6. Female. Above chestnut-
red, crown black ; wings and tail black, edged with rufous : beneath
pale yellowish white.

Hob. Mexico and Guatemala.

a. $ ad. sk.

b. S ad sk.

c. J ad. sk.
d,e. cJ 2 ad. sk.
/. 2 ad. sk.

y, h. $ 2 ad. sk.
*,/ 6 2 ad. sk.
h. c? jr. sk.
I. 3 jr. sk.
m. 2 ad. sk.
n. <5 ad. sk.

Near City of Mexico ( White).
Jalapa, Mexico (Hd'ye).
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).
Mexico (SalU).
Mexico.

Northern Yucatan ( Gaumer).
Cboctum, Vera Paz.
Coban, Vera Paz (Salrin).
Vera Paz.
Vera Paz (Salvin).
Medio Monte, Guatemala
(JSalvin).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. PACHYRHAMPHUS. 347

o. 2 ad. sk. Oalderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Guatemala (Salvin).

p. 2 ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. <S jr. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

13. Pachyrhamphus albogriseus.

Pachyrhamphus albogriseus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 78 ; id Cat.

A. B p 242 ; Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 87 (Trinidad) ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 18(58, p. 168 (Venezuela) ; iid. Xomenel. p. 50 ; Sato. P. Z. S.

18/0, p. 199 ( Veragua) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. 203

(N.Peru); id. Om. Per. ii. p. 361; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 559, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Bathmidurus albogriseus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80.

Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores white ; wings
black, edged with white ; tail black, broadly tipped with 'white :
beneath white, tinged with cinereous, under wing -coverts and inner
edges of wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet dark brown :
whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-4. Female. Above dusky
olive, head darker, lores white ; wings blackish, edged with yellowish
rufous ; tail black, broadly tipped with pale ochraceous : beneath
pale grey-olive ; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
yellowish.

Hah. Nicaragua, Veragua, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
_ This species is distinguishable from P. major by its smaller size,
cinereous back, and the different colour of the female, which has
the back olivaceous instead of chestnut-red.

a. 2 ad. sk. Nicaragua (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. J ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

c, d. rf ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e c? jr. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

/, 9- 6 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

,.-.,, (Types of the species.)

h, i. 2 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

j. 2 a<l. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

k. cT ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. 2 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

14. Pachyrhamphus atricapillus.

Lanius atricapillus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 302.

Todus marginatum, Lieht. Dovhl. p. 51.

Muscipeta margin ata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 909.

Pachyrhynchus swainsonii, Jard. et Selb. III. Om. ii. Add no 6

(1829) ; 8w. An. in Menag. p. 288.
Pachyrhynchus albifrons, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 289.
Pachyrhynchus marginatus, a" Orb. Toy., Ois. p. 303, pi. 31.
Pachyrhamphus marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 77.
Bathmidurus marginatus, Ihirm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 451.
Bathmidurus atricnpillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 245 • Cab

et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89.

348 COTIXGIDiE.

Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 242 ; Pelz. Om. Bras.
p. 121 ; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 7»1 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Ama-
zonia), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. (U7 ( Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 56; Layard, Pais, 1873, p. 384 (Para) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 344
(N.E. Brazil) ; Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 305; Sale. Ibis, 1885, p. 302
(Br. Guiana).

Above cinereous, middle of the back more or less stained with
black ; cap shining black, front and lores white ; wings black, edged
with white ; tail black, broadly tipped with white : beneath pale
whitish cinereous ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of the
wing-feathers white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet dark brown : whole
length 5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-2. Female. Above dull olive, head
more or less rufescent ; wings black, edged with rufous ; tail black,
broadly tipped with rufous : beneath yellowish.

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.

My description is based upon Brazilian skins, from which Guianan
specimens do not materially differ, except in the rather smaller size.
Whether the Venezuelan specimens (a, b) and some others of the
series can be correctly referred here is, I confess, a matter of some
doubt. Much more study of this difficult group is necessary before
it can be considered that the species are satisfactorily made out.

a. c? ad. sk.

San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe-
rhuj).

Sclater Coll.

b. d jr. sk.

Caracas,Venezuela ( Goering).

Sclater Coll.

c. 5 ad. sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. d ad. sk.

Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana
( Whitely).

Salviu-Godman Coll

e. d ad. ; /. d jr.

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk.

( Whitely).

ff, h. d 2 ad

sk.

Oyapoc, Cayenne.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i,j. d ? ad.

sk.

Oyapoc, Cayenne.

Sclater Coll.

k. d ad. sk.

Peruvian Amazons.

Sclater Coll.

1. d ad. sk.

Chamicuros, Upper Amazons.

J. Gould, Esq.

m, n. d ad. ;

o. 2

Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

p. d ad. sk.

Rio Napo.

J. Gould, Esq.

q. d jr. sk.

Bahia, Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

r. d ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

s. 2 ad. sk.

Bahia, Brazd.

Sudbury Mus. [E.].

t. d ad. sk.

S.E. Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

m. d ad. sk.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

v. d ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

Subfamily II. LIPAUGIN^E.

The Lipavgince are a small group of birds intermediate in some
respects between the Pipridce and the Cotingidce, but best placed,
perhaps, within the limits of the latter family. The foot-structure
in some cases (Aidia) comes very near to that of the Pipridce, in
others assimilates to that of the typical Cotingidce. In general the

■4. cnntocTLLA. 349

colours of the Lipaugince are, as their name indicates, dull and
unattractive, but the newly discovered Lathria streptoplwra is a
brilliant exception to this rule. The area of distribution of the
Lipaugince extends from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and South
Brazil.

Key to the Genera.

A. Primaries of male abnormally reduced .... 4. Chtrocylla, p. 349.

B. Primaries normal.

a. Back of tarsus smooth ; rictus feebly bristled.

«'. External toes united at the base 5. Lathria, p. 350.

b'. External toes united to the end of the

second phalanx 6. Auxia, p. 354.

b. Back of tarsus rough ; rictus much bristled ;

tarsi more feeble, and external toes united

at the base only 7. Lipaugus, p. 356.

4. CHIROCYLLA.

Type.
Chirocylla, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 357 C. uropygialis.

9 8

Wing-end of Chirocylla from beneath. (P. Z. S. 1876. p. 356.)

The very singular structure of the reduced and twisted primaries

350 COTINGIDJ3.

in the male sufficiently characterizes this singular form from
Ecuador.

1. Chirocylla uropygialis.

Lathria uropygialis, Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, pi. xxxii., et
1879, p. 617 (Bolivia).

Above dark cinereous, rump dark chestnut-red : beneath paler,
flanks and crissum dark chestnut-red ; bill horn-colour ; feet black :
whole length 105 inches, wing 5#5, tail 5-6. Female similar in
colour, but wings less modified.

Hah. Ecuador.

a. d ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll. "1

(Buckley).

b, c J J ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. )~

(Buckley). \

d. S ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. J

(Types of the species.)

5. LATHRIA. T

Type.

Lathria, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 255 (1S37) L. cinerea.

The eight species of this genus are spread over the same area as
the subfamily, but only one of them occurs north of Panama. They
fall into three categories as regards general coloration — cinereous,
rufous, and green. Except in L. streptophora, the sexes are nearly
alike.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage cinereous ; no bright neck-

collar.

a. Size large, wing more than 6 in 1. fuscocinerea, p. 350.

b. Size moderate, wing less than G in.

«'. Wings and tail washed with rufous .... 2. virussu, p. 351.
b'. Wings and tail cinereous.

\ Larger : belly lighter 3. plumbea, p. 351.

"I Smaller : belly darker 4. cinerea, p. 352.

B. General plumage cinereous ; male -with a

bright pink neck-collar 5. steptophora, p. 352.

C. General plumage rufous 6. unirufa, p. 353.

D. General plumage green ; axillaries bright
yellow :

head-spot black 7. subalaris, p. 353.

head-spot chestnut 8. cryptulop/ui, p. 354.

1. Lathria fuscocinerea.

Querula fuscocinerea, Lafr. Bee. Zool. 1843, p. 21)1.

Lipaugus fuscocinereus, Hartl. Bev. Zool. 184G, p. 3 ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota), 1858, p. 71 (Bio
Xapo), et 1861, p. 210 (Colombia) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 243 ; Scl.
et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6.

5. LATIIRIA. 351

Lathria fuscocinerea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 101 ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Berl.
J.f. O. 1884, p. 30G (Bucaranianga).

Above cinereous ; wings and tail darker : beneath rather paler ;
crissum washed with rufous : whole length 12*5 inch es, wing 6-8,
tail 6. Female similar.

Sab. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. Ad. st. Colombia. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. 2 ad. sk. Alegria, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).
e,f. Ad. sk. Baisa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Lathria virussu.

Lipaugus virussu, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 122.
Lathria virussu, Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 90.
Lipaugus plumbeus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 210 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 243 ;

Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6.
Lathria plumbea, Scl. $■ Salv. Nomencl. p. 56.

Above cinereous ; wings and tail darker, tinged with rufous :
beneath paler ; belly and crissum tinged with rufous ; bill blackish ;
feet dark brown : whole length 10-5 inches, wing 5'4, tail 4*6.
Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

I have formerly considered this bird to be the true L. •plumbea,
but Liechtenstein's description appears to be intended for the next
species, as v. Pelzeln has pointed out.

a.

Ad. st.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

b.

Ad. st.

Brazil.

Purchased.

c.

0* ad. sk.

Matto-dentro, Brazil (Natterer).

Sclater Coll. (Au-
thentic specimen.)

d.

3 ad. sk.

Pelotas, Bio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e.

Ad. sk.

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

/■

Ad. sk.

Tropical America.

Sclater Coll.

3. Lathria plumbea.

Muscicapa plumbea, Lieht. Doubl. p. 53 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 806.
Muscicapa vociferans, Max. Beise n. Brasil. i. p. 242, et ii. p. 118.
Lipaugus cineraceus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 421.
Lathria plumbea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia).

Above cinereous ; wings and tail blackish cinereous : beneath
paler, much lighter on the belly ; bill and feet blackish : whole
length 9-5 inches, wing 4*9, tail 4-4. Female similar ?

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

I am a little doubtful about the distinctness of this and the next
species.

352

l-OTIXGIIUC.

a. Ad. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

b-d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wiicherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Gaunai, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godruan Coll.

4. Lathria cinerea.

Le Cotinga cendre, Le Vaill. Ois. Amer. et Ind. p. 98, pi. 44.

Arnpelis cinerea, Yieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 162 (1817).

Ampelis cineracea, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 761.

Lathria cinerea, <S'«>. Nat. Libr., Flucatch. p. 78, pi. 2 ; Salv. Cat.

Strickl. Coll. p. 325 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana).
Lipaugus cineraceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 234 ; id. in

Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693 ; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 210 ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 243 ; Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579

(L. Amazons), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru).
Lathria cineracea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100 ; Scl. et Salv.

Nomencl. p. 56; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 368.
Lipaugus plumbeus, Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 122 (?).

Above cinereous ; wings and tail dark cinereous : beneath paler ;
bill and feet blackish : whole length 9 inches, wing 4-7, tail 4.
Female similar, but wing-coverts and outer secondaries stained with
rufous.

Hub. Cayenne, Guiana, and Amazonia.

a. c? ad.; b, c. 5 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. ( Whitely).

d. J ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

e. cJ ad. sk. Merume- Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

f. !/■ 6 2 a"i. sk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

h. Ad. sk. British Guiana. E,. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

i. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

j. S ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam (AT«2> Salvin-Godman Coll.

pier),

k, l. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal- Sclater Coll.

lace),

n. Ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.

o,p. Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. Lathria streptophora.

Lathria streptophora, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 448, pi. xiv. ;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 303, et 1886, p. 502 (Br. Guiana).

Clear cinereous, paler beneath ; a broad bar across the throat,
which is carried round the neck in a narrow collar, and the crissurn
bright rosy pink : whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4-9, tail 3*7.
Female similar, but without the pink collar, and with the crissurn
rufous.

Hab. Interior of British Guiana..

353

a, b. 3 ad. sk.

Roraima, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).

c. S ad. ; d,e. 2

Twek-quey mt., Carimang r.,

ad. sk.

Brit. Guiana ( Whitely).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Lathria unirufa.

Lipaugus unirufus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 385 (Oaxaca), 1861, p. 211 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 244 ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36 ; iid. Ex. Orn.

pp. 1, 6, pi. i. ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279

(Mosquitia) ; Laiur. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama) ; Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872,

p. 318 (Nicaragua).
Lathria unirufa, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,

p. 518 (Antioquia) ; Ridyio. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua).

Nearly uniform clear brown, rather paler beneath; bill pale
horn-colour ; feet blackish : whole length 9-7 inches, wing 5-4,
tail 4-3. Female similar.

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Northern
Colombia.

a. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].

b, c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.

ff. Ad. sk. British Honduras (Blaneaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Cbontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i,j. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. J ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

1. J ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. J ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o. cjad.sk. Nichi, Antioquia, U. S.C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

7. Lathria subalaris.

Lipaugus subalaris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 210, 211 (Ecuador).
Lathria subalaris, Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 3, pi. ii.

Olive-green, wings dark cinereous edged with green ; tail cine-
reous ; large crown-spot black : beneath paler, with slight yellowish
shaft-spots on the breast; on belly, crissum, and flanks passing into
cinereous ; under wing-coverts bright yellow ; bill and feet cine-
reous : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 5-2, tail 4"G. Female similar,
but black head-spot absent or barely shown.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk.

d. 2

b, c. 3 ad

ad. sk.
e,f. 3 2 ad. sk
ff. 2 ad- sk.

VOL. xiv.

Rio Napo.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Upper Amazons.

J. Gould, Esq.
(Type of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

2a

354 COTINGIDiE.

8. Lathria cryptolopha.
Lathria cryptolopha, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 522 (Ecuador).

Above deep olive-green ; small crown-spot dark chestnut-red ;
wings and tail ashy brown edged with olive-green : beneath more
yellowish, brighter in the middle of the belly ; under wing-coverts
bright yellow ; inner margins of wing-feathers fulvous; bill black;
feet dark plumbeous : whole length 9 inches, wing 4-6, tail 4-2.

Hob. Eastern Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

6. AULIA.

Type.

Laniocera, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 353 (?) A. hypopyrrha (?).

Aulia, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) A. hypopyrrha.

Lathriosoma, Bp. MS. A. rufesceus.

These two birds are remarkable for the irregular spotting of the
lower plumage which prevails in the male sex. One of them ranges
over Amazonia, Guiana, and Brazil ; the other seems to be restricted
to the Panamanic Isthmus and the adjoining parts of Colombia.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage cinereous 1. hypopyrrha, p. 354.

B. General plumage rufous 2. rufescens, p. 355.

1. Aulia hypopyrrha.

Ampelis hypopyrrha, Vieill. Kouv. Diet. vhi. p. 164 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 762.
Lipaugus hypopyrrhus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3 ; Bp. Co?isp. i.

p. 179 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 244.
Ptilochloris hypopyrrhus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, pp. 43, 239, et 1847,

p.185.
Laniocera hvpopyrrha, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 112.
Aulia hypopyrrha, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 101 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 123 ; Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 57 ; Salv. Ibis,

1885, p. 303 (Br. Guiana).
Muscicapa sibilatrix, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 810.
Lipaugus sibilatrix, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 422.
Laniocera sanguinaria, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 353 (jr.).
Lipaugus lateralis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. pi. 60 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 751, 757, et 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru).
Aulia lateralis, Scl. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 6 ; iid. "Nomencl. p. 57 ;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 124 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 369.

Above cinereous ; wings blackish, edged with cinereous ; wmg-
coverts and outer secondaries terminated by a clear ochraceous
spot, which is in many cases bordered above and below by a black

6. ATTLIA. 355

edging ; tail dark cinereous, tipped with pale rufous : beneath paler
cinereous, middle of belly ornamented by bright rufous feathers,
which are tipped with black spots ; crissum pale reddish ochraceous,
with slight occasional black spots ; patch on each side of breast
reddish ochraceous or yellow, with similar occasional black spots ;
under wing-coverts white, faintly barred with blackish ; bill and
feet blackish brown : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 4'3, tail 35.
Female similar, but without any black spots below ; patch on sides
of breast yellow or ochraceous.

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana. Amazonia, Ecuador, and S.E. Brazil.

I was formerly of opinion that the Guianan and S.E. Brazilian
forms of this species might be distinct. But with the present
series before me, I can find no evidence of this being the case.
Fully plumaged males from these different localities present no
material differences. The side-patches vary from yellow to ochra-
ceous red in specimens from both localities.

a,b.<3 2 ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

c-e. 2 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wuchererp Salvin-Godman Coll.

f,g. rf $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk. Brazil (?). Sclater Coll.

i, j. c? ad. ; k. 2 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad.sk. (Whitely).

I. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

m. 2 ad- sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. <$ ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

o. cS ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. rS ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

y, /•. 2 ad- sk Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.

s, t. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Anlia rufescens.

Lipaugus rufescens, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p, 276 (Guatemala), et 18(31,
p. 211 ; Scl. et Sally. Ibis, 1859, p. 124 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 361 (Panama) ; iid. Ex. Om. pp. 5, 6, pi. iii. ; Laivr.
Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix. p. 116 (Costa Pica) ;
Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala) ; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149
(Veragua) ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica).

Aulia rufescens, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519
(Antioquia).

Latkriosoma typicum, Bp. MS.

Above reddish brown, beneath paler ; rump and body beneath
crossed by fine, neatly obsolete, black bars; breast and belly marked
with irregular rounded black spots ; wings blackish, edged with
brown, and more or less spotted w ith black ; tail uniform reddish
brown ; lateral patch of plumes yellow ; under wing-coverts clear
reddish brown ; bill blackish ; feet brown : whole length 8-5 inches,
wing 4-4, tail 3-6. Female similar, but without the black spots on
the lower surface, and lateral plumes less developed.

/Jab. Costa Bica, Yeragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia.

2a 2

356

coxixiun.K.

a. Ad. st. Central America.

b. S ad. sk. Santa Ft5, Veragua (Arce).

c. 5 ad. sk. Ohepo, Isthni. of Panama

(ArcS).

d. $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).

e. 3 ad. sk. Remedies, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

f. $ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

7. LIPAUGUS. T

Type.

Lipaugus, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 318 L. simplex.

Rhytipterna, Reiehenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxv. (1850) .... L. simplex.

This genus consists of three species, all remarkable for the singular
corrugations of the hinder part of the tarsus. One of these occurs
in Central America, the two others in Guiana, Amazonia, and
Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage cinereous.

\ Belly pale cinereous 1. simplex, p. 356.

| Belly yellowish 2. immunchts, p. 357.

B. General plumage rufous 3. holerythrus, p. 357.

1. Lipaugus simplex.

Muscicapa simplex, Lieht. Doubl. p. 53 (1823).

Lipaugus simplex, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 694; Bp. Consp. i. p. 179; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 422 ;

Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 (Brazil) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 244 ; Cab. et

Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 100; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 123; Sal. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1866,p. 190 (R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru) ; iid. Ex.

Om. p. 6 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 57 ; Cab. J. f. 0. 1874, p. 90 (Rio de

Janeiro) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540, et 1882, p. 24 (E. Peru) ;

id. Om. Per. ii. p. 370; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 303 (Br. Guiana).
Tyrannus calcaratus, Sw. Quart. Journ. So. xx. p. 271 (1826) ; Jard.

et Selb. 111. Om. i. pi. 37.
Muscicapa cinerascens, Spi.v, Av. Bras. ii. p. 16, pi. 21.
Muscicapa rustica, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 866.
Myiarchus rusticus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470.

Above uniform olivaceous grey ; wings and tail brownish :
beneath rather paler ; abdomen slightly ochraceous ; bill horn-
colour ; feet blackish : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-3.
Female similar, but wings and tail edged with ferruginous.

Hab. Colombia, Guiana, Amazonia, and S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota.

b. Jr. sk. Bogota.

c. 3 ad. ; d, e. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
? ad. sk. (Whitehj).

f. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitehj).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

i

7. LIPAUGTJS. 357

g. ? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll,

( Whitely).

h. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Saravacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

;". Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

h-m. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. cJ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o, p. J ad. sk. ; Brazil. Sclater Coll.

q, r. 2 ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Lipaugus immundus.
Lipangus immundus, Scl. et. Salv. Nomencl. pp. 57, 159.

Above dark cinereous ; wings and tail blackish ; outer secondaries
and coverts slightly edged with whitish ; outer margins of external
rectrices cinerascent: beneath pale cinereous; middle of belly pale
yellowish ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers
pale ashy white ; bill horn-colour, paler at the base ; feet blackish ;
whole length 7 inches, wing 3"5, tail 3'3. Female similar, but wings
and tail-feathers edged with ferruginous.

Hab. Cayenne.

Allied to L. simplex, but with the bill narrower, and the belly
yellowish.

a, b. $ 2 a(^ sk- Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. (Types of the

species.)

3. Lipaugus holerythrus.

Lipaugus holerythrus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 300 (Guatemala),
1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), et 1879, p. 519
(Antioquia) ; iid. Ibis, 1860, p. 400 (Vera Paz); iid. Ex. Orn. p. 6;
iid, Nomencl. p. 57; Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 (Guatemala) ; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 244 ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix.
p. 116 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica) ;
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua) ; Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 334 (Magdalena Valley); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa
Rica) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga).

Above uniform brownish rufous ; middle parts of the webs of the
wing-feathers and tips of the primaries blackish ; bill pale horn-
colour, whitish at the base ; feet dark brown : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-2, tail 3-8. Female similar.

Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama
and Northern Colombia.

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq.

:;.->

COTIXGID.T,.

/, g. Ad. sic. Sources of Pio de la Pasion,

Guatemala.
h. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Pica (Arce).

i. Ad. sk. Costa Pica (Carmiol).

j. $ ad.sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arc6).

k. 5 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce).

I. $ ad. sk. Southern slope, Volcau of

Chiriqui (Arce),
m. (J ad. sk. Veragua (Arce).

n, o. J 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).
p. Ad. sk. Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).
q. $ ad. sk. Reniedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

( Salmon),
r. $ ad. sk. Nicki, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.l.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Subfamily III. ATTILIN^E.

This small group has heen variously referred to the Tyrannidce,
Formicariidae, and Cotingidce. Iu placing it iu the last-named
group I have followed Sundevall, but I am by no means sure of this
being its correct position. The stroug, hooked, and compressed bill
and the ambulatory feet seem to have little to do with the Cotingidce,
but the structure of the tarsi tends the other way.

The Attilince range over the Neotropical Region from Southern
Mexico to Paraguay.

Key to the Genera.

A. Larger, stronger ; beak distinctly hooked . .
B ~

P 7 O 7 J

Smaller, feebler ; beak slightly hooked

8. Attila, p. 359.

9. Casioenis, p. 3G5.

8. ATTILA*

Type.

Attila, Less. Traite cVOrn. p. 360 (1831) A. brasiliensis.

Dasycephala, Sic. Fauna Bor.-Am., Aves,f. 486 (1831). A. spadiceus.
Dasyopsis, Reichenb. An. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) .... A. brasiliensis.

The genus Attila has nearly the same range as the subfamily,
but does not perhaps go so far south as C'asiornis. There is so
much variation in the plumage of the species of the first section of
the group that, in the absence of a series of specimens with the
sexes determined by dissection, it is not possible to understand them
properly.

* Reference should be made to the following described 9pecies of Attila, which
are unknown to me: —

1. Attila flammulaf us, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 47; from Colombia.

2. A. bolivianus, Lafr. op, cit. p. 46 ; from Bolivia.

3. A. phanicurus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96 ; from Brazil.

4. A. rufigularis, Pelz. ibid. ; from Brazil.

5. A. cinnamomeus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 8 ; from Mazatlan.

6. A. grheigularis, Berl. Ibis, 1885, p. 290; from Brazil.

8. ATT1LA. 359

Key to the Species.
A. Neck and breast striated.

C 1. brasiliensis, p. 359.
I 2.

a. Breast grey, greenish, or yellowish, not I ^opyyiahs, P- 360.
rufous ;/ ufopygial band yellow or^ 3' 'Pfd'^Mfius, p. 360.

orange, distinct* H * c?ter'> P-' 36I*Q«1

| 5. citreopygim, p. 361.

( 6. cozumelce, p. 362.

6. Breast rufous 7. spadiceus, p. 362.

B. Neck and breast not striated ; uropygial
band not distinct ; general colour ferru-
ginous.
e. Head cinereous.

( Larger : fore neck cinereous .... 8. cinereus, p. 363.
< Smaller : chin cinereous, fore

( neck rufous 9. citriniventris, p. 363.

(/. Head rufous.

«'. Head greyish rufous 10. validus, p. 364.

b'. Head chestnut-rufous.

1 Belly chestnut 11. thamnophiloides, p. 364.

| Belly orange 12. torridus, p. 365.

1. Attila brasiliensis.

Attila brasiliensis, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 360; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848,
p. 45 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 195 ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57.

Muscicapa uropygiata, Ma.v. Beitr. iii. p. 868.

Myiarchus uropygiatus, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. iii. p. 472.

Dasycephala uropygialis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 198.

Aboye dull oliye-green, interscapulium and scapularies strongly
tinged with ferruginous ; wings blackish, coyerts edged with pale
fulyous ; rump bright yellow ; tail ferruginous brown : beneath
white, more or less tinged with yellowish on the throat, breast,
and flanks, and flammulated with long greyish striations on the
throat, breast, and belly ; bill horn-colour, whitish at the base ;
feet park brown : whole length 7'5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-8.
Female (?) similar, but interscapulium oliye-green, and tail dull
brown.

Hal. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. st. Brazil. J. E. Gray, Esq. TP.]-

b. Ad. st. Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.].

c. d. Ad.sk. Bahia, Brazil ^Wudheret). Sahin-Godnian Coll.
e. rf ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

(Compared with type of Attila braailiensis in Mus. Far.)
f,g. 2ad.sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

These six species I can only arrange geographically for the present.

360 COTINGIDJ..

2. Attila uropygialis.

Pasycephala uropygialis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. G86; Cab. et

Ilein. Mas. He'in. ii. p. 14.
Attila uropygialis, Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 96 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 804

(Brit. Guiana).
Attila brasilieusis, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 303 (Brit. Guiana).

Aboye dark cinereous brown, rump bright yellow ; wings blackish,
edged with brownish, both rows of coverts tipped with pale rufous ;
tail cinereous brown, middle portions of web lighter: beneath
white, breast brownish, flarnmulated on throat and breast with pale
cinereous ; under wing-coverts and flanks pale yellowish ochraceous ;
bill dark horn-colour, pale at the base ; feet blackish : whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-8. Female (?) similar, but upper parts
and breast-band more or less olivaceous.

Hab. British Guiana.

I propose to refer for the present to A. uropygialis all the speci-
mens obtained by Mr. Whitely, except those on which A. spodio-
stethus has been founded. Mr. Salvin has spoken of some of them
as barely separable from A. brasiliensis, and they are certainly very
like the Brazilian bird, though smaller in size. If my descriptions of
the two sexes are correct, then Mr. "Whitely's determinations are in
some cases difficult to understand; for example, spec, b, marked <3 ,
is in what I consider female plumage, and spec, d, marked $ , in
male phimage.

a, b. c? ad. ; c. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. ( Whitely).

d. 2 &&■• sk. Carimang *., Brit. Guiana Salyin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

e. d ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).
f,g. d 2 ad.sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Whitely).

3. Attila spodiostethus.

Attila spodiostethus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 209 (Brit, Guiana) ;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit. Guiana).

Above, head and neck cinereous ; interscapulium olivaceous ; ramp
bright lemon-yellow ; tail dull rufous : beneath white, throat and
breast densely flammulated with cinereous ; under wing-coverts
and flanks pale yellow ; bill horn-colour, pale at the base ; feet
brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-8. Female similar,
but smaller and whiter on the belly.

Hab. British Guiana.

This is perhaps only a phase of A. uropygialis, but we require
more information on the whole genus.

a, b. £ 2 a<l- sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Whitely). (Types of the species.)

8. ATTILA. 361

4. Attila sclateri.

Attila sclateri, Laior. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. vii. p. 470 (18G2)
(Panama), et ix. p. 110 (Costa Rica) ; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. 8. 1864,
p. 358 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Frantz. J. f. O. 18(59,
p. 30G (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 146, et 1870, p. 196
(Veragua) ; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua).

Above olive-green, head with slight blackish striations, inter-
scapulium and scapularies strongly tinged with ferruginous; rump
bright lemon-yellow ; wings blackish, outer margins of secondaries
and tips of wing-coverts pale rufous ; tail cinereous brown, more
rufous in the middle of the webs : beneath white, more or less
suffused with yellowish, especially on the breast and flanks, and
more or less definitely flammulated with greyish striations ; under
wing-coverts and flanks ochreous yellow ; bill horn-colour, pale
at the base ; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-9.
Female (?) similar, but not so strongly coloured, and interscapulium
olivaceous.

Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Ecuador.

a. Ad. ; 6. Jr. Irazu distr., Costa Rica {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.

c. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. c? ad. sk. Costa Rica ( CarmioT). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.

/, g. Ad. sk. Southern slope, Volcan of Salvin-Godman Coll.

Chiriqui {Arce).

h. 3 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. 3 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

j. Ad. sk. Veragua {Arce). Sclater Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Veragua {Arce). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
m. $ ad. sk. San Pablo Station, Panama {Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

vin).

n. J ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o, p. Ad.sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. Attila citreopygius.

Dasycephala citreopyga, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxviii. p. 657 ; id. Notes

dm. p. 86 (Nicaragua).
Attila citreopygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 228, 1859, pp. 41, 366,

383; id. Rns, 1859, p. 438 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 194; Scl.

et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120 (Guatemala) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870. p. 837

(Honduras) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 7 (Colombia) ; Ridgw.

P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449

(Yucatau).

Above ferruginous brown ; front and lores whitish, with black
shaft-stripes ; head also with slight black striations ; rump ochreous
yellow ; tail bright ferruginous brown, duller at the tip ; wings
blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of wing-coverts
pale rufous : beneath white, more or less tinged with yellowish :

362

C0T1NGI1LE.

throat and breast more or less flammulated with dark cinereous
striations ; under wing-coverts and flanks ochraceous yellow ; bill
horn-colour ; feet dark brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-9,
tail 3-3.

Hah. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.

This seems to be a larger bird than A. sclateri and more ferrugi-
nous above, but it varies much, and some examples of the two
species come very near one another. In specimen a the under sur-
face is very nearly white ; in e and / it is almost entirely of a rich
yellow.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.
Purchased.

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).

b, c. Ad. sk. Tizimin, Northern Yucatan

(Gaumer).

d. $ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala

(Salvin).

e. Ad. sk. Khamkhal, Vera Paz, Guatemala

(Salvin §■ Godman).

f. Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin).

g. h. Ad. sk. Guatemala.
i. Ad. sk. Guatemala.
j. Ad. sk. Guatemala.

6. Attila cozumelae.

Attila cozumelse, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. hi. p. 23.
Attila sp. inc., Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 191 (Cozumel).

Apparently only different from A. atreoj>yyius in being rather
smaller in size, and paler and more white beneath. The specimens
of A. citreopyyius from Yucatan (b and c) are barely distinguishable.

Hah. Cozumel and other islands of Yucatan coast.

a. 2 ad- ; b-h. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godinan Coll.

Ad. sk. (Gaumer).

i. Ad. sk. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Devis).
j. 5 ad. sk. Jolbox Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Gaumer).
k. $ ad. sk. Meco Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Gaumer).
l-n. Ad. sk. Mugeres Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Gaumer).

7. Attila spadiceus.

Muscicapa spadicea, Gm. S. A7, i. p. 937.

Tyranmis rufescens, Sw. Quart. Joum. Sc. xx. p. 278 (1826).

Attila spadiceus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859,

p. 41 (Cayenne) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 195 ; Laxor. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii.

p. 327 (Colombia) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96 ; Scl. et Salv. Nvmencl.

p. 57.

Above dark ferruginous brown ; rump bright ochreous yellow ;
wings blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of coverts
pale rufous : beneath, throat and breast bright yellowish ferrugi-

8. ATTILA. 363

nous, flammulatcd with cinereous ; belly white ; flanks yellowish ;
under wing-coverts pale rufous ; bill horn-colour, pale at tbe base ;
feet dark brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-6.
Hah. S.E. Brazil, Guiana, and Amazonia.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. J ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitely).

f. g. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.

8. Attila cinereus.

Muscicapa cinerea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933 ; 31a.r. Bcitr. iii. p.. 853 ;

Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pi. 26. rig. 2.
Dasycepkala cinerea, Bp. Cbnsp. i. p. 198 ; Burnt. Syst. JJeb. iii. p. 85 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 14.
Attila cinereus, Sclater, P.Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil) ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 194 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 95 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57.
Attila rufus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46.

Above ferruginous brown; wings blackish, edged with brown;
rump more cinnamomeous ; tail chestnut-brown ; head cinereous :
front whitish, with black hairs : beneath, throat cinereous, breast
ferruginous ; belly cinnamomeous ; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous ; bill pale horn-colour ; feet
brown : whole length 7*5 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3*1. Female
similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

Specimens f,g, and h are rather larger and have more cinereous on
the neck, but other examples are intermediate.

a. Ad. at. Brazil. Purchased.

b-d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater Coll.

/. S ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

'y. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i-k. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].

I. Ad. sk. Venezuela (?). Sclater Coll.

9. Attila citriniventris.

Attila citriniventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 40 (Upper Amazons) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 195; Scl. et Salt: Nomencl. p. 57; Tacz. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 371.

Above, back ferruginous brown ; rump brighter, cinnamomeous ;
tail chestnut ; head dark cinereous ; lores dirty white ; wings
blackish, edged with brown : beneath cinnamomeous brown, throat
and breast darker, chin cinereous ; bill and feet brown : wholo
length 6*7 inches, wing 3-2, tail -<>.

Hah. Upper Amazonia.

3G4

COT I NO I IKE.

This species is at once distinguishable from A. cinereus by its
dark ferruginous throat and shorter bill.

a. Ad. sk.

Upper Peruvian Amazons.

10. Attila validus.

Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)

Attila validus, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 95 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57.

Above ferruginous brown, head greyish ; rump and tail chest-
nut; wings blackish, edged with brown : beneath bright ciunamo-
meous brown, rather darker on the breast ; chin slightly einerascent ;
bill clear horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing
3-8, tail 3-1.

Hab. Matto Grosso, Brazil.

The larger size and lighter head at once distinguish this species
from A. citriniventris.

a. cJad.sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authen-

tic specimen.)

b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

11. Attila thamnophiloides.

Muscicapa thamnophiloides, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pi. 26. fig 1.
Attila thamnophiloides, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil) ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 195 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 96 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,

p. 187 (JR. Ucayali), 1867, p. 577 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E.

Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 57 ; La-yard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para) ;

Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Br. Guiana) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 372.
Dasycephala thamnophiloides, Burm. Syst. XJeb. iii. p. SQ ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 198 ; Cab. et Rein. Mas. He in. ii. p. 14.
Thamnophilus strenuus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 173.

Above clear ferruginous brown ; wings blackish, edged with
brown ; rump and tail rather lighter, chestnut-brown : beneath
clear cinnamon-brown, rather paler on the belly and crissum ; bill
dark horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 7-8 inches, wing 3*7,
tail 3*2. Female similar.

Hub. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type

of M. strenuus.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Sclater Coll.
R. Graham, Esq.
[P.].

a. Ad. sk.

Demerara.

b. Ad. sk.

Cayenne.

c. $ ad. sk.

Mexiana ( Wallace).

d. Ad. sk.

Elvira, E. Peru {Hauxwell).

e. Ad. sk.

Samiria, Upper Amazons

(Hau.vzcell).

/. c? ad. sk.

Upper Amazons.

g. Ad. sk.

Upper Amazons.

h. Ad. sk.

Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett)

i. Ad. sk.

Ucayali.

j. Ad. st.

Brazil.

k. Ad. sk.

Brazil.

9. CASIORNIS. 365

12. Attila torridus.

Attila torridus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 280 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 195 ; Scl et Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139 (W. Peru) ; iid.
Nomencl. p. 57 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 372 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 118 (Ecuador).

Above clear cinnamon-brown, more yellowish on the rump ;
wings blackish, edged with brown : beneath paler, belly yellowish
like the rump ; bill dark horn -colour ; feet pale brown : whole
length 8 inches, wing 4, tail &o.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

This species is distinguishable from A. thamnojohiloides by its
larger size and the much lighter colour of the back and rump.

a, b. $ ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

d. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Sta. Bita, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

9. CASIORNIS.

Type.
" Casiornis, Bp." Des Mure, Orn. Casteln. Voy. p. 55

(1855) C. rubra.

This is a weaker form of Attila, distinguished by its smaller, less
hooked, and less compressed bill, feebler feet, and longer tail. The
two species are Brazilian, one ranging south to Paraguay and
Northern Argentina.

Key to the Species.

A. Whole upper surface chestnut-brown 1. rubra, p. 365.

B. Back dull brown 2. fusca, p. 366.

1. Casiornis rubra.

Suiriri roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 128.

Museicapa rubra, Vieill. A'ouv. Diet. xxi. p. 457; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 831.
Dasycephala rubra, Burm. Si/st. TJeb. iii. p. 86.
Casiornis rubra, Scl. P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 41 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 195 ;

J'elz. Orn. Bran. p. 96 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); Sc/.et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 163.
Muscicapa hrematodes, Licht. in Mux. Berol.
Tyrannus thanmophiloides, c/'Orh. Voy., Ois. p. 309.
Dasvcephala hseruatodes, Bp. Consp. i. p. 199; Cab. in Wieym. Arch.

1S47, pt. i.p. 222.
Tyrannula rufula, Marti. Per. /.< "/. 1852, p. 6.
Casiornis typus, Des Murs, Orn. Casteln. Voy. p. 55, pi. 18. fig. 1.

Above uniform dark chestnut-brown : beneath pale cinnamon-
brown, lighter on the throat : belly slightly yellowish ; bill brown,

3G6

pale at the base ; feet dark brown : whole length 0-4 inches, winj
15-4, tail 3-2. Female similar.

II, ih. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and N. Argentina.

a. cf ad. sk.

b. 2 ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. $ ad.sk.

Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

S.E. Brazil [Bernhardt). Sclater Coll.

Brazil. Sclater Coll.

Oran, Argentine Republic Sclater Coll.
( White).

2. Casiornis fusca.
Casiornis fusca, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 57, 159.
Above dull brown ; cap and tail chestnut-red ; wings blackish,
edged with chestnut-red : beneath pale cinnamomeous, lighter on
the throat ; belly pale yellowish ; bill pale horn-colour, paler at the
base ; feet brown : whole length 5-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-9.
Hub. S.E. Brazil.

The fuscous back and yellower belly distinguish this from the
former species.

a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil.

c. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil.

d. Ad. sk. Brazil.

Sclater Coll.
(Tvpe of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll.

Subfamily IV. HUPICOLIN^E.

Rupicola, with its large feet and extraordinary compressed crest, is
certainly one of the most specialized forms of the American Passeres,
but does not appear to present any very remarkable deviations from
other Oligophonine Passeres in internal structure. But Garrod
(P. Z. S. 1877, p. 517) has shown that, unlike most of the Cotingidce,
it is Homaeoinerine and not Heteromerine, and has therefore placed
it in a separate group of the Oligophonaj.

Near Rupicola must come Phcenicocercus, I think, although much
less abnormal in structure. Both these forms are restricted to the
Guianas and Amazonia.

Key to the Genera.

10. Phcenicocercus, p. 367.

A. Crest slight, recumbent ; fourth pri-

mary of male terminating in a horny
filament ; tarsi and toes moderate . .

B. Crest large, elevated, compressed ; first

primary of male with the inner web
cut away at the termination ; tarsi
and toes very strong 11. Rupicola, p. 369.

10. PnCENICOCERCUS.

10. PHCENICOCERCUS.

367

Type.

Phrenicercus, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1831 )

1 lioemcocercus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 236 (1847) P.' camirex.'

End of wing of Phcenicocercus nigricollis.

The two known species of this brilliant genus are confined to the
Cxmanas and Amazonia. The males have a remarkable point of
structure in the shortening of the wings and the curious modifi-
cation ot the fourth primary, which terminates in a thickened hornv
process. J

Key to tJie Species.

A. Throat and back brownish i C(,rn;fPT n of.7

B. Throat and back jet-black \\\\\\\l Zyt^^k.

1. Phcenicocercus carnifex.

Ampelis carnifex, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 298.
Ampelis coccinea, 6m. S. N. i. p. 839.
Ampelis cuprea, Vieill. Nouv. Diet.' xin. p. 163; id. Enc. Met/,.

Phcenicercus carnifex, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 254.

Phcenicocercus carnifex, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii p 08- Cab
in Schomb -Guian. hi p. 095; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Burm. Bust.

&?■?' 4'39 ; ScL Cat A- B- P- 2535 ScL et Sah- p- z & 1867,
p. 580 (L. Amazons) ; ltd. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras p 131 •
Layard Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para) ; Sah. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit'
Guiana). r v

Above dark purplish brown, becoming blacker on the nape • crown
slightly crested, and rump bright scarlet ; wings black ; outer second-
aries and coverts chestnut-brown, with darker edgings ; tail bright
scarlet, with a broad brownish tip : beneath bright scarlet, throat and
breast brownish; bill dark horn-colour; feet vellowish brown-
whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female. Above olive-brown
crown of head and tail tinged with scarlet : beneath brown, abdomen
stained with blood-red; bill and feet brown: length of win^
4*2 inches. °

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.

368

(.'OTTNGIDJE.

a. $ ad. st.

b. c? jr. st.

c. c? jr. st.
<f. 3 jr. st.
«. § ad. st.
/. c? ad. sk.

</,/;. c? $ad- sk-

i. $ ad. sk.

,/, k. $ 2 ad. sk.
l,m. <$ 2 ad. sk.
«. cJ ad. sk.

o. 2 ad. sk.

p. 2 ad. sk.

q. S ad. sk.
r. 2 ad. sk.

S. America.
S. America.
S. America.
British Guiana.
British Guiana.
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

{Whitely).
Denierara.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Barra do Rio Negro (Nat-
terer).

Para, Lower Amazons (Wal-
lace).

Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal-
lace).

Para, Lower Amazons.

S. America.

2. Phcenicocercus nigricollis.

J. Planta, Esq. [P.].

Purchased.

I lard wi eke Bequest.

R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

R. Schomburgk [C. ,.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

W. T. Turner, Esq.

[P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

Ampelis carnifex, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 4, pi. 5.

Pipra coccinea, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 9.38.

Phtenicercus nigricollis, Sic. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1 831) ; id. Class.

B. ii. p. 254.
Phcenicocercus nigricollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 270 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Hein. ii. p. 98 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 253 ; Peb. Orn. Bras. p. 131 ;

Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru),

1873, p. 285 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii.

p. 371.
Ampelis merremii, Less. Bev. Zool. 1839, p. 104.
Phcenicocercus nigrigularis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (Fehas).

Above jet-black ; crested crown of head, rump, and Tipper tail-
coverts bright scarlet : wings brown ; tail scarlet, with a broad
black tip : beneath scarlet, throat black : whole length 8*5 inches,
wing 4, tail 3*1. Female. Above yellowish olive-brown : crown of
head and tail tinged with red : beneath scarlet, breast duller, throat
brown : length of wing 4"6 inches.

Bab. Upper Amazonia.

a. c? ad. st.

b. <5 ad. sk.

c. <S ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

e. cS ad. sk.
/. d ad. sk.

g. 3 ad. sk.

h. 2 ad. sk.
h.h 6 $ ad.

sk.

S. America.

Pehas, E. Peru (Hau.rwell).

Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haux-

well).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Loretoyacu, Eastern Peru

(Hau.rwell).
Xeberos, Eastern Peru (Bart-

lett).
Santa Cruz, E. Peru.
Rio Copotaza, Ecuador

{Buckley).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll,

E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

11. RUPICOLA. 369

11. RUPICOLA. _

Type.

Rupicola, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 437 (1760) R. crocea.

End of the outer primary of Rupicola.

This splendid and much isolated form of the Cotingidce is spread
over the northern part of South America from Venezuela and
Colombia down to Bolivia, but does not occur in S.E. Brazil. It is
remarkable amongst its allies for its strong feet and partly feathered
tarsi, and for the enormous compressed crest which covers its head.
The first outer primary is curiously modified.

The nest and eggs of R. peruviana have been taken by Goudot
(Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 1) and by Salmon (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519).

Key to the Species.

A. Wing-coverts orange, like the back; tail

brown, tipped with pale orange 1. crocea, p. 369.

B. Wing-coverts and tail black :

I plumage orange-red 2. peruviana, p. 370.

| plumage blood-red 3. sanyuinohnta, p. 371.

1. Rupicola crocea.

Pipra rupicola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 338; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 928.
Rupicola crocea, T'ieill. Enc. M4th. p. 260 ; Cab. in Sehotnb. Guian.

iii. p. 694; Bp. Cortsp. i. p. 170; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 437;

Gould, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 99 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. llein. ii. p. 98 ;

Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 57 ; Salv.

Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Br. Guiana).
Rupicola elegans, Steph. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 257.
Rupicola aurantia, Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 316, pi. 189; Schomb.

Naumann. 1850, p. 34.
Rupicola cayana, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 253.

Brilliant orange ; wings brown, with a broad white transverse
bar ; secondaries externally edged and broadly tipped with pale
orange, outer secondaries with the external webs produced into
filaments ; tail blackish brown, tipped with pale orange ; bill and
feet yellowish : whole length 11 inches, wing 7, tail 3-7. Female.
Dark olive-brown ; rump, tail, belly, and under wing-coverts
stained with orange-brown.

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

VOL. xiv. 2 B

370

COTINGIDJE.

a. J ad. st.

6. 3 ad. ; c, d. $

ad. ; e. tf jr. sk
/. <J ad. sk.

<7. <5 ad. sk.

A. J ad. sk.

!*. <$ ad. sk.
.;'. g ad. sk.
&. cJ ad. sk.
/. c? ad. sk.
m. c? ad. sk.

n. c? jr. sk.
«. Skeleton.

S. America.

Carimang r., Brit. Guiana

(WMtely).
Merurne" Mts., Brit. Guiana

( WMtely)
River Atsipurow, Brit. Guiana

( WMtely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

( WMtely).
Demarara.
Demarara.
Cayenne.
Cayenne.
Cayenne.

Guia, Rio Negro ( Wallace).
Demerara.

Hardwicke Bequest.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould. Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. C. Rothery, Esq.

[P.].
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.

2. Rupicola peruviana.

Pipra rupicola, var., Gm. S. N. i. p. 998.

Pipra peruviana, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 555; Wayl. Isis, 1830, p. 926.

Rupicola peruviana, JDuinont, Diet. Sc. Nat. xlvi. p. 453 ; Vieill.
Enc. Meth. p. 266; a" Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 294; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170;
Cab. et Rein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 99; Mater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152
(Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 253 ; Gould,
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 99; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Scl.
et Safo. Nbmencl p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1867. p. 751 (E. Peru), 1869,
p. 598 (S. Peru), 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), 1875, pp. 237, 238
(Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540
XC, Peru), 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 373;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 306 (Bucaramanga) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S.
1885, p.' 93 (Ecuador).

Rupicola peruana, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 142.

Brilliant orange : wings and tail black, outer secondaries with
broad tips of silvery grey : bill and feet pale yellowish brown :
whole length 13 inches, wing 7"5, tail 5. Female. Deep brown,
tinged with orange : wings and tail brown ; bill and feet dark
horn-colour.

Hub. Colombia, Ecuador, Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia.

The Bolivian bird is much darker in hue than the northern form,
and comes near to It. sanguinolenta.

a-c. <J ad. ; d-f.

2 ad. st.
y. 2 ad. sk.

h. cS ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
;'. d jr. sk.
k, I. S 2 ad. sk.
m. (J ad. sk.
n. c? ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk.

S. America.

San Cristobal, Venezuela

( Goering).
Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Colombia.

San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley).
Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley).
Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bart kit).

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

11. RUPICOLA.

371

p. cS ad. sk.
q. (S ad. sk.
r, s. c? J ad.
*.cJ jr.sk.

m. cJ ad. sk.
v. J ad. sk.

Eastern Peru (Farris).
Peru (Barclay).
Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley).
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia

(Buckley).
Bolivia (I). Forbes).
Bolivia.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

3. Rupicola sanguinolenta.

Rupicola sanguinolenta, Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 100 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1860, p. 91 (Nanes:al) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 253 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 57 ; lid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S.

1885, p. 116 (Nanegal).
Rupicola saturata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 99.

Similar to R. peruviana, but plumage blood-red.

Hob. Western Ecuador and Colombia.

This is scarcely more than a subspecies. Bolivian examples of
R. peruviana are intermediate in tint, as are also those from Antio-
quia referred to the present form.

a, b. rS ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador.

c. <3 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador ( Gould).

d. $ ad. sk. Ecuador.

e. <S ad.;/. <3 Intac, Ecuador {Buckley).
jr. sk.

g. c? ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser).

h. $ ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Gould).

hj- 6 ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Sal-
mon).

k. $ ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, U. S. C.

(Salmon).

Gould Coll.

(Types of the species.)

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-GoJman Coll.

Subfamily V. COTINGIN.E.

The typical Cotingince contain some of the most gorgeous forms of
the Neotropical ornis. Even among the Pittas and Paradise-birds
of the Eastern tropics few can compete with the members of the
genus Cotinga in beauteous colouring, and in some of the other
genera of the subfamily (Pipreola aud Xipholena) the dress is nearly
equally ornamental.

The typical Cotingince are most abundant in the equatorial forests
of South America, only two of the genera having representatives in
Central America. Southwards they extend to the extreme limits of
the South- Brazilian wood-region.

Key to the Genera.

A. Tail deeply forked 12. Phibalttba, p. 372.

B. Tail squared.

a. Larger : tail lengthened 13. Tijuca, p. 373.

2b2

372

COTINGIDJ?.

Moderate-sized : tail moderate.
a'. Head not crested.
a". Wings moderate.

a'". Bill much widened at base .... 14. Ampblion, p. 373.
b'". Bill more compressed.
a4. Wing-coverts normal.

I Bill smaller 15. Pipreola, p. 376.

I Bill longer 16. Cotinga, p. 382.

bi. Wing-coverts lengthened and

stiffened 17. Xipholena, p. 387.

b". Wings much elongated 18. Carpodectes,p.389.

b'. Head crested.

\ Bill more compressed 19. Doliornis, p. 390.

I Bill more widened 20. Heliochera, p.390.

Small-sized : tail very short.

j Not crested : tail longer ; wings long 21. Iodopleura, p. 392.
| Crested: tail shorter; wings short. . 22. Oalyptura, p. 394.

12. PHIBALURA.

Type.

Phibalura, Vieill. Analyse, p. 31 (1816) P. flavirostris.

Chelidis, Gloger, Froriep's Notizen, xvi. p. 278 (1827) . . P. flavirostris.
Amphibolura, Cab. et. Hein. Mm. Hein. ii.p. 103 (1859) P. flavirostris.

This is a very peculiar type, with an excessively short and
widened bill and a long, deeply cleft tail, and perhaps ought to
stand in a separate subfamily. It is restricted to S.E. Brazil.

1. Phibalura flavirostris.

Phibalura flavirostris, Vieill. Analyse, p. 68 ; id. Nouv. Diet. xxv.

p. 522 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 784 ; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 97, pi. 74 ;

Temm. PI. Col. 118; Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 433 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 254 ; Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 131 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.
Phibalura cristata, Sw. Zool. III. pi. 31; id. Class. B. ii. p. 251.
Pipra chrvsopogon, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 930.
Amphiboiura flavirostris, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 103.

Above yellow, with broad black cross bands ; head black, with a
concealed scarlet crest ; wings and tail black : beneath yellow, fore-
neck white ; breast and flanks with black cross markings ; bill and
feet pale yellow : whole length 8-5 inches, wing 5, tail 4. Female
similar, but not so bright, head brownish, wings edged with green,
and tail not so long.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. cJ 5 ad. st.

Brazil.

Ld. Stuart de Rothe-
say [P.].
Mrs. Atkins [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. st.

d. Ad. sk.

e,f. Ad. sk.
g. c? ad. sk.

S. America.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil ( Youd-s).
Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joy tier).
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyner).
Brazil.
Brazil.

h. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

13. TIJUCA. —14. AMPELION. 373

13. TIJUCA.

Type.

Tijuca, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 30, pi. vi. (1830) T. nigra.

Clirysopteiyx, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 (1831) T. nigra

This is another singular S.E. Brazilian type, unique among the
Cotingidce as regards the black colour of the male, and also remark-
able for its strong, compressed and incurved bill, and elongated tail.

1. Tijuca nigra.

Tijuca nigra, Less. Cent. Zool, p. 30, pi. vi. ; id. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 326 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 177 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 254 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 58.
Chrysopteryx erytkrorhynckus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 ; id.

Class. B. ii. p. 252.
Ampelis chrysoptera, Nordm. in Erm. Beis. p. 15, Atl. pi. x. fig. 1.
Ptilochloris chrysoptera, Burtn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 435.
Chrysopteryx nigra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 102.

Above and beneath black ; outer webs of primaries and secon-
daries, except the three last, bright yellow ; inner webs of basal
part of wing-feathers pale yellow : bill orange-yellow ; feet black :
whole length 11-5 inches, wing 5-8, tail 4-6. Female. Olive-green,
beneath paler, belly yellowish, bill dirty orange, feet blackish.

Hah, S.E. Brazil.

a. c? ad. st. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].

b. tS ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Ja- Salvin-Godman Coll.

neiro, Brazil (Youds).

c,d. J 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

e. cJ ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. (S jr. sk. S. America. Purchased.

g. cj'jr. sk. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].

14. AMPELION.

Type.
Ampelion, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137

(1845) A. cucullatus.

Carpornis, Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 279 (1846) .... A. melanocephalus.

This is a small group of fine, strong birds of prevailing green
colour in both sexes, and coming naturally after Tijuca. But the
tail is not so long proportionately, and the bill is shorter and
broader. Ampelion is found throughout the forests of the South-
American tropics, but does not extend north of Panama.

Key to the Species.

A. Head all round and throat black.

a. Back brown 1. cucullatus, p. 374.

b. Back olive-green.

{With slight green bauds below ;
bill dark 2. melanocephalus, p. 374.
With broad black bands below ; bill
orange 3. arcuatus, p. 375.

B. Head black, throat yellowish 4. cinctus, p. 375.

374

COTDTGIDjE.

1 . Ampelion cucullatus.

Procnias eucullata, Sw. Zool. III. i. p. 37.

Ainpelis eucullata, Temm. PI. Col. 363.

Ampelion cucullatus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137; Burin.
Syst. Z'cb. ii. p. 432.

Ampelio cucullatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 104; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 255 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.-p. 132 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306
(Brazil); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; Berl, J.f. O. 1873, p. 266
(S. Brazil) ; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 140 (Rio Gr.
do Sul).

Carpornis cucullatus, Bp. Consp, i. p. 176.

Head and nape black ; interscapulium brown, bordered by yellow
towards the neck ; rump green ; wings and tail black, margined
with green, both rows of wing-coverts tipped with pale yellow :
beneath yellow, throat and middle of breast black ; bill plumbeous ;
feet brown : whole length 9 inches, wing 4-7, tail 4. Female
similar, but not so dark ; head and throat greenish.

Hub. S.E. Brazil.

a. (5 ad. st.

b. tf ad. sk.

c. d. c? J ad. sk.
e,f. J ad. sk.
g. cJ ad. sk.

h, i. J 2 ad. sk.

j, k. 6 2 «d. sk.

/, m. 3 2 ad. sk.
n. c? ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.

S. America.

Rio, Brazil.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio ( Youds).

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

Rio Olaro, Goyaz, Brazil ( Joy-
tier).

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil {Joyner).

Lago dos Patos, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil (Ixogem).

Brazil.

Brazil.

Brazil.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
J. Gould, Esq.

2. Ampelion melanocephalus,

Procnias melanocephalus, Sw. Zool. III. i. pi. 25.
Ampelis melanocephala, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 401.
Ampelion melanocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137 ;

Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 432.
Ampelio melanocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 104 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.
Carpornis melanocephalus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 17<>.

Above green, head black ; beneath paler, throat black ; abdomen
yellowish, with greenish cross bands ; under wing-coverts pale
yellow; bill dark plumbeous: feet blackish: whole lenglh 8'5
inches, wing 4-3, tail 3-4. Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

a. J ad. ; b. $ jr. st.

c. $ ad. st.

d. 2 ad. ; e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

g. Skeleton,

Brazil.

Brazil.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).

Brazil.

Brazil.

Purchased.

M. Claussen [P.].

Salvin-Godman Coll,

Sclater Coll.

Purchased.

14. AMPELION. 375

3. Arnpelion arcuatus.

Arnpelis arcuata, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 98.
Pyrrhorhynchus arcuatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Anipelion arcuatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858,

p. 553 (Riobamba), et 1860, p. 89 (Ecuador).
Ampelio arcuatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 781 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 58;

Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru), 1882. p. 24 (N.E. Peru) ; id.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 379 ; Tacz. et Berl, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).

Above deep green, head black ; wings and tail black, edged with
green and tipped with white : secondaries and their coverts with
clear yellowish spots on their outer webs ; some of the upper tail-
coverts with black cross bands : beneath yellow, with regular black
cross bands, throat and breast black like the head ; under wing-
coverts cross-banded like the belly ; bill and feet orange-yellow :
whole length 8*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 3-6. Female similar, but
head green like the back, and throat yellowish with black cross-
hars.

Hab. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The orange bill of both sexes and strongly barred lower plumage
distinguish this fine species amongst its congeners.

a, b. tf J ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

c, d. cS 2 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. c? ad. sk. Bogota. bclater Coll.

/. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

y. d ad. ; h. cj Colombia. Salvin-Godrnan Coll.

jr. sk.

i. cS ad. sk. Iutac, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

j. 2 ad- sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

k, (Jad.sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

l,m. cJ 2 a<i- -sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

n, o. cJ 2 ad- sk. Tilotilo,Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salviu-Godman Coll.

. **)■

p. 3 ad.sk. rlilotilo,"i ungas, Bolivia (Buck- Sclater Coll.

ley).

4. Ampelion cinctus.

Ampelis cinctus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 385; id. Faun. Per.,

Aves, p. 136.
Ampelion cinctus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152, pi. civ. (Bogota),

et 1860, p. 89 (Pallatanga) ; Scl. et Scl. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 520

(Antioquia).
Ampelio cinctus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58;

Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 380; Tacz. et Berl. P.Z.S. 1885, pp. 118,

123 (Ecuador).
Cotinga tschudii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.

Above green, with round black shaft-spots : cap black ; front and
line round the nape yellow; wings blackisl < itl

37t> COXING 1 U.K.

broadly edged with green ; tail black, tipped with yellowish white :
beneath yellowish green, with dark greenish or blackish edgings to
the feathers ; throat and crissum yellowish ; bill dark plumbeous : feet
reddish brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-8, tail 2-4. Female
similar, but head green like the back.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

The spotted upper surface, yellowish throat, and short tail dis-
tinguish this species from its allies.

a, b. 2 ad- sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

c, d. J ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e, f. 6 9 ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

g. J ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/*. cf ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

15. PIPREOLA*. „

Type.
Pipreola, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 357 (1838) .... P. chlorolepidota.
Euchlornis, De Filippi, Mus. Medial., An. Vert.

cl. ii. p. 31 (1847) P. riefferi.

Pyrrhorhynehus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 103 P. viridis.

Pyrorhynchus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) . P. viridis.
Euehlorornis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103

(1859) P. riefferi.

After AmpeKon comes very naturally the splendid genus Pipreola,
also generally clad in bright green colours, but beautifully adorned, in
the male sex, with patches of scarlet, orange, and yellow. Pipreola is
a feebler form than Ampelion, with smaller beak and shorter tarsi.
It extends all over Amazonia, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia, but
is not met with in the S.E. Brazilian subregion, nor anywhere north
of Panama.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage bright green : no super-
ciliary stripe.
a'. Externa] secondaries with white ends.

a". Throat dark green 1. riefferi, p. 377.

b". Throat black ; no red on breast :

j tail-end green 2. melanoleema, p, 377.

I tail-end white 8. riridis, p. 378.

c". Throat black ; breast red 4. for/nosa, p. 378.

d". Throat blood-red.

J Larger : breast yellow 5. frontalis, p. 379.

I Smaller : breast green 6. sclateri, p. 379.

* It is not yet certain to which species should be referred : —

Pipreola chlorolepidota, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 357 (1838) ; Scl, P. Z. S 1854,

p. 1 13 (Quijos), 1859, p. 441 (Eio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 254 ; id. Ibis, 1878,

p. 173; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.

But there can be lit I lo doubt that it was based upon a female of one of the

group. Unfortunately the typical specimen is lost.

15. PIPREOLA. 37")

e". Throat and breast yellow 7. aureipectus, p. 380.

b'. External secondaries without white ends.
/'. Head black :

) breast black 8. lubomirskii, p. 380.

) breast orange 9. jueunda, p. 381.

g". Head green 10. elegans, p. 381.

B. General plumage greenish cinereous ; super-

ciliaries yellow 11. whitelyi, p. 381.

1 . Pipreola riefferi.

Ampelis riefferi, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3.

Euchlornis riefferii, De Fil. Mus. Medial., Aves, p. 12.

Pyrrhorhvnchus riefferi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.

Pipreola riefferi, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador), 1855, p. 153

(Bogota); id. Ann. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 409; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878, p. 166; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24

(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 375; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 306

(Bucaramanga).
Euchlorornis riefferi, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 103.

Above bright green, head darker and more blackish on the front ;
wings and tail dark brown, edged with green ; outer secondaries
tipped with white : beneath bright green, throat and fore neck
darker : slight pectoral collar and middle of the belly bright yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; sides of belly tiammulated
with green ; bill and feet yellowish white : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-0, tail 2-9. Female similar, but head and throat green like
the back.

Hub. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. $ ad. ; Bogota. Purchased.

b. Pull. st.

c, d. <5 ad. ; Bogota. Sclater Coll.

e. $ ad. sk.

/, g. <S ad. ; Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. $ ad. sk.

i. c? ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.

;'. 6 ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Salmon).

k. Jad.sk. Santa Elena, TJ,S.G.(8(dmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

1. c? ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

m, n. c? $ ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez).

2. Pipreola lnelanolKma.

Pipreola melauohema, Scl. Ann. X Mug. JV. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469;
id. P. Z. S. I860, pp. 63, 67 ( Pallatanga), 1873, p. 780 (Peru) ; id.
Cat. A. B. p. 254; id. Ibis, L878, pp. 166, 167; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. 8. 1868, p. 628, et 1870, p. 7.-1 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 180
(Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 58; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118
(Ecuador).

373 COTINGID-E.

Euchlorornis melanolsema, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Ampelia viridis, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aws, p. 135 (?).
Pipreola viridis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru) (?).
Pipreola viridis intermedia, Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 377 (?).

Above bright greeu ; head black ; wings and tail blackish, edged
with green ; outer secondaries tipped with white : beneath green,
whole of throat and fore-neck black, bordered beneath by a narrow
yellow band; middle of belly and tlammulations on each side
bright j ellow ; under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow ; bill
and feet pale yellow ; tip of tail-feathers whitish : whole length
7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3-2. Female similar, but head and throat
green like the back.

Hub. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.

This form is only distinguishable from P. riefferi by the black
head and throat of the male, and the slight whitish ends to the
tail-feathers, and is thus intermediate between P. riefferi and
P. viridis.

a. J ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela {Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. cj ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c,d. (f $ ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

e,f. <$ $ ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

g. <S ad. sk. Ckillanes, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

3. Pipreola viridis.

Ampelis viridis, a" Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 40; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.

p. 298, t. xxx. fig. 2 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 135.
Pipreola melanolasma, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186; Scl. P. Z. S.

1873, p. 780 (S. Peru).
Pipreola viridis, Scl. Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id.

Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 167; Scl.' et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. UlS

(Bolivia).

Similar to P. melanolcema, but with distinct white ends to the
rectrices.

Hub. S. Peru and Bolivia.

a. cJ ad. sk. Puuamarca, Peru {Jelski). Sclater Coll.

b, c. cS ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. cJ5ad.sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f,'j. 6 § ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

4. Pipreola formosa.

Ainpulis formosa, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1849, pp. 275, 493, t. xiv.
Pyrrkorhynchus formosa, Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 177.
Euchlorornis formosa, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Pipreola formosa, Scl. Ann. §■ May. X. H. Ber. 2, xvii. p. 469; id.

Ibis. 1878, pp. 166, 1W: Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 172, et

1869, p. 252 ( Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 58.

Above bright green ; head black ; wings blackish, edged with

15. PIPBEOLA. <°>79

green ; outer secondaries tipped with white : beneath yellow, throat
black like the head ; fore-neck scarlet ; Hanks green ; under wing-
coverts yellowish white : bill yellowish ; feet plumbeous : whole
length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2'4. Female. Above green, secon-
daries tipped with white : beneath yellowish, with numerous green
Emulations.

Hah. Venezuela.

The yellow belly, blood-red neck, and black throat at once dis-
tinguisb this species from others of this group with white endings
to the outer secondaries.

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

c. c?ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela ( Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, e. c? 5 a(1- sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela J. Gould, Esq.

(Goeriny).
f. 5a(bsk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll.

(j. <$ ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased.

5. Pipreola frontalis.

Euchlomis frontalis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 446 ; id. Ann. $ Mag. N. H.

ser. 3, vol. iii. p. 443.
Pipreola frontalis, Scl. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 169, pi. vi. ; Scl. et. Salv.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia).

Above bright green, growing darker on the head, and almost
black on the front ; outer secondaries with white terminations :
beneath yellow, throat and fore-neck bright scarlet ; flanks and
lower belly barred with green ; under wing-coverts white, tinged
with yellowish; bill and feet yellow: whole length 6 inches,
wing 3'4, tail 28. Female. Above fjreen ; slight frontal band
yellowish ; outer secondaries with white terminations : beneath
green ; middle of throat yellow, tinged with scarlet ; belly yellowish,
with slight green cross-bars ; bill and feet pale brown.

Hah. Bolivia.

a. cJad.sk. Pindo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, v. c? $ ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Pipreola sclateri.

Euchlornis sclateri. Cornelia, ('<»//>■. Orn. 18-52, p. 133. pi. 101; id.

Rev. et May. de Zool. 1853, p. 107, pi. 4.
Pipreola sclateri, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador): id. Ann. \

Mat/. A. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469: id. Ibis. 1878, pp. 166, 170: Sato.

Ibis, 1874, p. 324 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid. P. Z. S. 1880,

p. 155.

Above green, lores dark : outer secondaries with white ends :
beneath green, throat and breast scarlet : middle of belly pale
yellow; under wing-coverts white ; bill yellowish, with black tip ;

380

COTINGIDiE.

feet yellow, with black claws : whole length 4-8 inches, wing 3,
tail 1*8. Female. Above green, secondaries tipped with white ;
beneath green, with numerous yellow undulations ; bill and feet
brown.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador.

This species is easily recognized by its small size and blood -red
breast. This colour is bordered below by green, not yellow as in
P. frontalis.

a, b. 3 ad. ; c, d. Saiayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk.
e, f. 3 $ ad. sk. Sara vacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
g. 3 ad. ; h. 3 Rio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

jr. sk.

7. Pipreola aureipectus.

Ampelis aureipectus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 68; id. May. de Zool.
1843, pi. 39.

Pyrrhorhvnchus aureipectus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.

Pipreola aureipectus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota) ; id. Ann.
8f Maa. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; id. Ibis,
1878, pp. 166, 171 ; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 520 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru).

Euchlorornis aureipectus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.

Above bright green ; external secondaries slightly tipped with
white ; lores darker : beneath bright green ; throat, breast, and
middle of belly bright yellow ; sides with slight yellow striations ;
under wing-coverts yellowish white ; bill yellow ; feet brown :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2*6. Female. Above green,
with white ends to the outer secondaries ; beneath green, with slight
yellow striations ; bill and feet brown.

Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.

a. 3 ad. st. Venezuela. E. Dyson [C.].

b, c. 3 2 a^- s*- Venezuela. Purchased.

d. J ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goeriny). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. cJ ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f>ff- c? ? ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

h, i. 3 ? ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

(Salmon).
j. 3 ad. sk. S. America. J. Goidd, Esq.

8. Pipreola lubomirskii.

Pipreola lubomirskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 236, pi. xxii. (N.E. Peru) ;
id. Orn. Per. ii p. 377.

Above bright green ; wings blackish, edged with green ; top and
sides of head black : beneath yellow, throat and breast black ; sides
of breast and flanks green ; under wing-coverts yellowish white ;
bill orange ; feet brown : whole length 6-2 inches, wing 3-6, tail 26.

Hab. Central Peru.

15. PIPREOLA. 381

This species generally resembles P. melanolcema, but has no white
ends to the external secondaries.

a. $ ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru {Stolzmatm). Sclater Coll.

(Authentic specimen.)

9. Pipreola jucunda.

Pipreola jucunda, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 89, pi. clx. (Ecuador) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 171 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 58 ; Berl.et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121
(Ecuador).

Above bright green ; whole head black ; beneath, chin and throat
black ; large pectoral patch orange, bordered with black ; middle of
belly and crissum bright yellow ; sides of breast and flanks green ;
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill yellow ; feet brown : whole
length 6-6 inches, wing 3*7, tail 2*6. Female. Above green ;
beneath green, belly flammulated with yellow ; bill pale brown ;
feet dark brown.

Hob. Ecuador.

a. $ ad. sk. Caclri Llacta, Ecuador Sclater Coll.

(Fraser). (Type of the species.)

b, c. $ ad.; d. 2 Intac, Ecuador {Buckley). Sal vin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.

e,f. <S ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

g. c? ad. sk. Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll.

h. 2 ach sk- Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

10. Pipreola elegans.

Ampelis elegans, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 384; id. Fauna Per.,

Aves, p. 135.
Pipreola elegans, Scl. Ann. fy 3Iag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469 (1856) ;

id. Ibis, 1878, p. 172 ; Tacz. 6m. Per. ii. p. 378.

Bright green, rather darker on the head ; front, sides of head, and
top of throat black ; large pectoral patch yellow, bordered by a
black margin below ; middle of abdomen yellow, sides green ; bill
yellow ; feet flesh-colour : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*8, tail 3*1.

Hab. Central Peru.

Distinguished from P. jucunda by its green head and yellow
breast. I have examined the type of this species in the Museum of
Neuchatel.

11. Pipreola whitelyi.

Pipreola whitelyi, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 449; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 304, et 1886, p. 502, pi. xii. (Br. Guiana).

Above cinereous, washed with green except on the head ; long
superciliaries and narrow neck-collar at the back of the head golden
vellow ; wings and tail blackish, edged with brownish yellow :
beneath cinereous, with a slight greenish tinge ; broad pectoral
band crimson, passing into golden yellow on the 6ides ; crissum

,'582 COTINGID.'E.

rufous ; bill scarlet ; feet orange -yellowish : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-6, tail 2-7. Female. Above olive-green ; superciliaries and
sides of neck washed with golden ; wings and tail blackish, with
golden-green margins : beneath pale yellow, covered with numerous
dark green shaft-stripes : crissum yellowish.

Hah. Interior of British Guiana.

This is quite a distinct form, remarkable for its coral-red bill and
bright scarlet pectoral band.

a, b. 3 ad. ; c. 2 Mt. Twek-quey, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll. 1

ad.sk. Brit. Guiana {Whitely). \

d. 2 ad- sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. )

( Whitely). (Types of the species.)

16. COTINGA. „

Type.

Cotinga, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 339 (1760) C. eserulea.

Porpkyrolsema, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) C. porphyrolsema.
Hylocbsmia, Sund. Ao. Meth. Tent. p. 62 (1872) . . C. eserulea.

In Cotinga, the seven or eight known species of which are distri-
buted over the tropical forests of America from Guatemala to Brazil,
the splendid decoration bestowed upon this family of birds reaches
its acme. The green of the last two genera is here replaced by the
most gorgeous tints of blue and purple in the male sex, while the
females have retired into dresses of various shades of brown. In
external structure the chief peculiarity exhibited by Cotinga is the
greater or less acumination of the outer primaries.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat and belly purple-red.

a. Without any breast-band 1 . carulea, p. 382.

b. With a blue breast-band.

a'. Breast-band and flanks dark blue .... 2. cincta, p. 383.
b '. Breast-band and flanks light blue :

I upper tail-coverts long, covering tail 3. amabilis, p. 384.

< upper tail-coverts short, not covering

( tail 4. ridgwayi, p. 384.

B. Throat purple-red ; belly blue.

c. Belly dark blue ; throat-patch larger :

j without a black belly-patch 5. cay ana, p. 385.

| with a black belly-patch 6. nattereri, p. 385.

d. Belly light blue ; throat-patch smaller . . 7. maynana, p. 386.

C. Throat purple-red ; belly white 8. porphyrolcema, p. 386.

1. Cotinga caerulea.

Ampelis cotinga, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298 ; Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 430 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 105.
Le Cotinga, Daub. PI. Enl. 186.
Ampelis casrulea, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 760 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 183,

pi. 116 ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693.
Cotinga eoelestis, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 46 (1841) ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 175.

16. COTIVGA.

383

Cotinga cterulea, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256; I'elz. Orn. Bras. p. 132;
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 58; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana) ; id. Cat. Strickl.
Coll. p. 829.

Above bright blue; wings and tail black : beneath bright reddish
purple ; sides of belly and crissum blue like the back ; under wing-
coverts black ; bill and feet black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4*5,
tail 2-6. Female. Above brownish black, with slight whitish
terminal bands on the feathers : beneath ochraceous white, with
dark central spots ; under wing-coverts pale reddish ochraceous.

Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Rio Negro.

a. S ad. st.
h. S jr. st.

c, d. J ad. ; e. 2

ad. sk.
/. d ad. : g. d

ad. var. sk.
h. d ad. ; i,j.

d jr. sk.
k, I. d 2 ad. sk.
m. d ad. ; n. d

jr. sk.
o. d ad. sk.

Cayenne.
Cayenne.

Bartiea Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana

( WMtdy).
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( WMtely).
Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.

H. C. Rothery, Esq.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

S. America.

J. Gould, Esq.

2. Cotinga cincta.

Cotinga du Bresil, Daub. PL Enl. 188.

Ampelis cincta, Kuld, Buff, et Daub. Fig. av. col. nom. Syst. p. 4

(1820) ; Strickl. Ann. N. H. viii. p. 373 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.

p. 430; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 105.
Cotinga cincta, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256 ; Scl.

et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 329.
Ampelis superba, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xix. pi. 821.
Ampelis cotinga, Yieill. Enc. Meth. p. 7Ul ; Shaw, Nat. Misc. xix.

pi. 817; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 391.
Cotinga cterulea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175.

Above bright blue, wings and tail black : beneath bright reddish
purple ; a narrow breast-band, sides of the belly, and crissum bright
blue like the back ; under wing-coverts black tinged with blue ;
bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-7, tail 2S.
Female. Above blackish, with ochraceous margins to the feathers :
beneath reddish ochraceous, with central black spots to the feathers ;
crissum and margins of inner webs of wing-feathers reddish ochra-
ceous.

Hab. South-east Brazil.

Brazil. Purchased.

Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.J.

Bahia, Brazil {Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

a. d ad. st.

b. 2 ad. st.
c d jr. ; d. 2

ad. sk.
e,f. d2 ad.sk.
g. d ad. sk.
h. d ad. : »'. d

jr. sk.

Brazil.
Brazil.
Brazil.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

384 C'OTINOID.E.

3. Cotinga amabilis.

Cotinga amabilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 64, pi. cxxiii. (Guatemala) ;

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 252 (S. Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 256 ;

Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, pp. 4, 5, 125 (Vera Paz); iid. Nomencl.

p. 59; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa llica) ; F>-antz.

J.f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica).
Ampelis amabilis, Cab. J.f. O. 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica).

Above shining blue (lighter than in C. cincta) ; wings and tail
black, with slight, bluish edgings : beneath dark reddish purple ;
broad band across the breast, sides of breast, belly, and crissum
blue like the back ; bill and feet black : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 2-6. Female. Above blackish, with numerous
whitish terminal spots ; wings and tail blackish : beneath greyish
white, with black central shaft-spots ; crissum and under-wing-
coverts white.

Bab. Guatemala and Costa Rica.

The broader pectoral band and the reduced size of the purple
belly-patch, besides the lighter shade of the blue, distinguish this
species from C. cincta.

a, b. c? $ a<b 8t-

Vera Paz.

J. Gould, Esq.

c, d. $ ad. sk.

Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. d ad. ; /. J

jr. sk.
g.'d jr.; h. 2

Choctum, Vera Paz.

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

«'■ d" jr. ; j. $

Vera Paz (Salvin).

Sclater Coll.

ad. sk.

k, I. J? ad. ;

Guatemala.

J. Gould, Esq.

m. cS jr. sk.

(Types of C. amabilis.)

n. d ad. sk.

Guatemala.

Sclater Coll.

o, p. 6 jr- sk.

Costa Rica ( Van Patten).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Cotinga ridgwayi.

Cotinga amabilis, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua).

" Cotinga ridgwayi, Zeledon," Eidgw. P. U.S. N. M. 1887, p. 1.

Similar to C. amabilis, but scapulars and interscapulars more
extensively black centrally ; a black line bordering the base of the
upper mandible, and a black space in front of the eye ; purple belly-
patch reduced in size ; tail-coverts much shorter. (Ridgivay .)

Hah. Western Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Northern
Colombia.

I am a little doubtful as to the specific distinctness of this form,
and should like to see more specimens.

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. <J ad. sk. C. America(probably Panama). Salvin-Godman Coll.

16. COTINGA.

385

5. Cotinga cayana.

Ampelis cayana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 764;
Burin. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 429 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 106.

Cotinga de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 024.

Cotinga cayana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256 ; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 133 ; Set. et Salt). P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (R. Ucayali),
1807, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia),
1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 018 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 59 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 384 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit.
Guiana).

Ampelis cayennensis, cVOrb. Voy., Ois. p. 297 (Bolivia).

Above bright shining blue, showing black central spots on some
feathers ; wings and tail black, the former more or less edged with
blue : beneath blue as above : whole throat deep reddish purple ;
inner webs of secondaries edged with white ; bill and feet black :
whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3-2. Female. Above dark
greyish, with black centres to the feathers ; wings and tail black,
with rufous edgings : beneath paler, belly more or less edged with
rufous ; under wing-coverts and inner edgings of wing- and tail-
feathers rufous.

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia to Eastern Ecuador.

a, b. S jr- ; c. $

ad. st.
d, e. <J 2 ad.;

/. 6 jr. sk.
g, h. S 2 ad. sk.
i. c? ad. sk.
j. $ ad. sk.

k. cJ ad. sk.
I. c? ad. sk.
m, n. $ ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.
p, q. (S ad. sk.
r. 2 ad. sk.

South America.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

(IVhitely).
Cayenne.
Cayenne.
Chyavetas, Eastern Peru

(Bartlett).
Eastern Peru.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bi/ckley).
Napo, Ecuador (Buckley).
S. America.
S. America.
S. America.

Purchased.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.

6. Cotinga nattereri.

Ampelis nattererii, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 2.
Cotinga nattereri, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152.

Similar to C. cayana, but with an abdominal spot, and with the
throat -feathers striped with black (Boiss.).

Hah. Bogota.

I have only females and young of the Bogota bird before me.
These cannot be distinguished from C. cayana. But the adult
male, if correctly described by Boissoneau, must be different.

a. 3 jr. ; b. 2 ad.
c. 2 ad. sk.

Bogota.

liuiri'ta.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

2c

386 C0TING1DJE.

7. Cotinga maynana.

Ampelis maynana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 208.

Cotinga des Mayuas, Daub. PI. Enl. 229.

Cotinga maynana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176 ; Sol P. Z. S. 1857, p. 205

(Upper Amazons), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 256 ; Pekeln, Om. Bras. p. 133 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,

p. 285 (E. Pern) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 59 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24

(N.E. Peru) ; id. Om. Per. ii. p. 385.

Above and beneath uniform shining bine; throat, more restricted
than in G. cay ana, reddish purple : wings and tail black, edged
with blue ; inner webs of the wing-feathers except the apical portion
white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7*6 inches, wing 4-4,
tail 3. Female. Above blackish brown, with slight lighter edgings
to the feathers : beneath more rufous, with dark central shaft-spots ;
under wing-coverts, inner webs of wing-feathers, and crissum
rufous.

Hob. Upper Amazonia.

The restricted purple of the throat, and the uniform bright shining
blue of the body at once distinguish this splendid species. The
white patch on the under surface of the wings is also much more
strongly developed. In the female this becomes rufous, and serves
to separate this sex from the corresponding sex of C. cay ana.

a. $ ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

b. S ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru. Sclater Coll.
c,d. <S 2 ad. sk. River Ucayali (BTauxwell). J. Gould, Esq.
e. (J jr. sk. • Ckamicuros, Eastern Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

ft {)■ 6 2 ad. sk. Pebas, Eastern Peru (Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. cJ ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.

i,j. 6 $ ad- sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. cJ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

l,m. c? ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

8. Cotinga porphyrolsema.

Cotinga porphyrolsema, Scl. et Dev. Bev. Zool. 1852, p. 220; iid.
Contr. Om. 1852, p. 136, pi. xcvi. ; Des Murs, Zool. Casteln. Voy.,
Ois. p. 65; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali), et 1873,
p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Komencl. p. 59; Tacz. Om. Per. ii. p. 386.

Porphyrolsema phygas, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854).

Above black ; slight margins to feathers of back, tips of middle
wing-coverts, and outer webs of external primaries white : beneath
white, throat purple, breast slightly stained with purple ; under
wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-9, tail 2-8. Female. Above dull blackish, with numerous
light brown specks and cross bars : beneath ferruginous brown, with
narrow transverse black bars : under wing-coverts, inner webs of
wing- anrl tail-feathers, and crissum pale ferruginous.

Hah. Upper Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador.

a, b. cJ 2 ad. st. River Ucayali. J. Gould, Esq.

c> d- d 2 ad- sk- River Ucayali (Hauxwell). J. Gould, Esq.

17. XIPHOLENA. 387

e- c? jr. ;/. $ ad. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

sk.

<j. <$ ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Hauxwell).

h. rf ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

i, j. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godnian Coll.

17. XIPHOLENA.

Type.
Xipholena, Gloger, Hand- u. Ililfsb. d. Nat. p. 320

(1842) X. pompadora.

In the three species of Xipholena the males attain a further
ornamentation by the production and modification of the upper
wing-coverts and the thickening and hardening of their stems.
One of these remarkable birds is peculiar to Guiana, a second to
Lower Amazonia, and the third to S.E. Brazil. In Upper Amazonia
this form does not appear to occur.

Key to tlie Species.

A. Tail dark like the back.

(Plumage crimson-purple ; upper wing-
coverts much lengthened 1. pompadora, p. 387.
Plumage dark purple; upper wing-
coverts slightly lengthened 2. atro-purpurea, p. 388.

B. Tail pure white ; upper wing-coverts ex-

cessively lengthened 3. lamellipennis, p. 389.

1. Xipholena pompadora.

Ampelis pompadora, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 218 ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 764 ;

Hahn, Vog, am Asim, Lief. ix. pi. 3.
Cotinga pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 279.
Cotinga pompadora, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.
Xipholena pompadora, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233 ; id. in

Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 176 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Hein. ii. p. 106; Sol Cat. A. B. p. 256 ; Pelz. Orti. Bras. p. 133;

Scl. et Salv. Ex. Om. p. 9 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons);

lid. Nomencl. p. 59 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).

Above and beneath shining reddish purple ; wings white ; pri-
maries tipped with black ; tail white at the base ; upper wing-
covcrts elongated, lanceolate, and with the stems thickened; bill dark
brown; feet black: whole length 7'5 inches, wing 5, tail 3. Female.
Above cinereous ; wings darker, and with white edgings to the
coverts and outer secondaries : beneath paler, belly whitish ; under
wing-coverts white.

Hub. Guiana, Surinam, and Cayenne.

a, b. cS ad. ; c. 2 British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

ad. st.
d,e. cS 9 «a(l- st. Cavenne. H. C. Bothery, Esq.

[P.].
2c2

388

COTINfilD.K.

f,9- 3 2 ad. ;
h. 3 jr. sk.
i. 3 ad. sk.

j, /,-. $ ad. sk.

I. 3 ad. sk.

m. 3 ad. ; n. 3

jr. sk.
o, p. 3 5 ad. sk.
q. 3 ad. sk.

r. $ ad. sk.
s,t. S 2 ad. sk.
m. cT ad. var. sk.

Bartica Grove, British Guiana

(White/ 1/).
R. Attapurow, British Guiana

( Whitely).
Camacusa, British Guiana

( Whitehf).
Maroni River, Surinam (Kap-

pler).
Cayenne.

Cayenne.
Cayenne.

S. America.
S. America.
S. America.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. C. Rotkery, Esq.

HP.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
J. Gould, Esq.

2. Xipholena atropurpurea.

Ampelis atropurpurea, Max. Beis. n. Bras. i. p. 2G2 (1820).
Ampelis purpurea, Licht. Doubl. p. 57 (1823) ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 397;

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 428.
Cotin^a purpurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.
Xipholena atropurpurea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 257 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 59 ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 9, pi. v.
Xipholena purpurea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233 ; Cab. et

Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 106.

Above and beneath dark vinaceous purple ; wings white, pri-
maries tipped with black ; wing-coverts slightly elongated and
thickened ; under wing-coverts white ; bill dark brown ; feet black :
whole length 7'5 inches, wing 4*4, tail 2- 6. Female. Above
cinereous, with more or less whitish edgings to the rump-feathers ;
wings and tail dark brown ; external secondaries and wing-coverts
margined with white : beneath paler, belly whitish ; under wing-
coverts and under surface of wings white.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

In this darker species the adult male never exhibits the develop-
ment of the upper wing-coverts shown in C. pompadora and C.
lamellipennis.

a. 3 jr. st.

b, c. 3 2 a(i- sk.
d. 3 jr- sk.
e-g. 3 ad. sk.

h. 3 ad. ; i,j. 3

jr. sk.
k. 3 ad. ; /. c? jr.

Bahia, Brazil.

Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.

Brazil.

m. (3 ad. sk. Brazil.

n. 3 ad. sk. Brazil.

o. 3 jr. ; p. 2 ad. Brazil.

sk

Sudbury Mus. [E.l.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

J. Gould, Esq.

Purchased.

M. Claussen [P.].

18. CAEPODECTES. 389

3. Xipholena lamellipennis.

Arupelis lamellipennis, Lap-. Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. 9.
Xipholena lamellipennis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 257 ;

Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 133; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L.

Amazons) ; iid. Ex. Orn. p. 10 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 59.

Above and beneath very dark purple ; wings white, without black
tips ; tail pure white ; upper wing-coverts highly developed, and
extending over the wing ; bill dark brown ; feet black : whole length
7'5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 2-9.

Hah. Lower Amazonia (near Para).

The white tail and excessive development of the wing-coverts at
once distinguish this fine species.

a. $ ad. st. Brazil. E. "Wilson, Esq. [P.].

b. <3 ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

c. $ ad. sk. Para, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. c? ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll.

e. c? ad. sk. South America. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. rf ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.

18. CARPODECTES.

Type.

Carpodectes, .Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 C. nitidus.

The strong beak, long wings, and snow-white plumage render
this peculiar Central-American type of the Cotingidce easily recog-
nizable.

Key to the Species.

A. Bill plumbeous 1. nitidus, p. 389.

B. Bill yellow, culmen black 2. antonice, p. 389.

1. Carpodectes nitidus.

Carpodectes nitidus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 583, pi. xxxvi. (Costa
Rica) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 313 (Nicaragua) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
viii. p. 183 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. O.
1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Boiicard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica) ; Ridgio. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 255
(Costa Rica).

Snow-white, upper parts tinged with greyish, especially on the
head ; bill plumbeous ; feet black : whole length S inches, wing 5-5,
tail 2-8.

Hab. Eastern Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

a. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type

of genus and species.)

2. Carpodectes antoniae.

Carpodectes antonia?, Ridi/tc. Ibis, 1881, p. 27, pi. ii. ; id. P. U.S. X. M.
vi. p. 410, et x. p. 20.

Like C. nitidus, but rather smaller; bill yellow, with a black line
along the culmen ; crown paler.
Hab. Western Costa Rica.

390 COTINGIDJE.

19. DOLIORNIS.

Tvpo.

Doliornis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 135 D. sclateri.

This monotype of Central Peru is allied to Heliochera, but has a
smaller and much more compressed bill, and the outer primaries
not acuminated.

1. Doliornis sclateri.

Doliornis sclateri, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 136, 541, pi. xx. (C. Peru) ;
id. Orn, Per. ii. p. 384.

Above dark brownish cinereous ; feathers of head elongated,
black, with a large half-concealed medial patch of bright cinnamon-
red ; sides of head and nape cinereous ; wings and tail blackish,
slightly edged with cinereous brown : beneath brown, throat cine-
reous ; crissum bright reddish cinnamon ; under wing-coverts brownish
grey ; bill and feet black : whole length 7"S inches, wing 4, tail 3*7.

Hab. Central Peru.

«. $ ad. sk. Maraynioc, Central Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. (Type of

the genus and species.)

20. HELIOCHERA. _,

Type.
Heliochera, de Filippi, Cat. Mia. Mediol, Av. p. 31

(1847) H. rubrocristata.

The two known species of this crested group have a short,
strong, but much widened bill, rather strong feet of the normal
Cotingine form, and the two first primaries acuminated. Their
range extends from Venezuela through Colombia and Ecuador
to Peru and Bolivia.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat grey: bend of wing blackish; tail-

band white 1. rubrocristata, p. 380.

B. Throat and bend of wing red ; no tail-band . . 2. ruf axilla, p. 381.

1. Heliochera rubrocristata.

Ampelis rubrocristata, a7' Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 39; cFOrb. Voy.,

Ois. p. 297, pi. 31. fig. 1 (Bolivia).
Ampelis rufocristata, Boiss. Rev. Zvol. 1840, p. 3 (Bogota).
Ampelion rubrocristatus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137 ;

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858, p. 553 (Ecuador), et

1860, pp. 78, 89 (Ecuador).
Carpornis rubrocristata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176.
Ampelion rufocristatus, Burm. tiyst. XJeh. ii. p. 433.
Heliochera rubrocristata, Be Filippi, Att. Sc. Ital. 1846, p. 449 ; Cab.

et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 104 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), 1874, p. 678 (S. Peru), 1879,

20. HELIOCHERA. 391

p. 520 (Antioquia) et p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 58 ; Wi/att,
Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru),..
1879, p. 237, et 1880, p. 203 (N. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 381 ;
Perl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 318 (Bucaranianga) ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).

Above cinereous ; rump black, striped with white ; head black,
with an elongated vertical crest of dark chestnut ; wings black, with
brownish edgings ; tail black, lateral rectrices with a largo square
white blotch on the inner webs near the tail-end, forming a trans-
verse band : beneath cinereous, varied with white on the middle of
the belly and crissum ; bill with the base chalky white, apex plum-
beous ; feet black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3'6.
Female. Without the red crest ; above blackish brown, variegated
with white stripes : head and wings brown ; tail blackish, with a
white bar across the lower end, as in the male : beneath blackish,
abdomen greenish white, with numerous blackish stripes.

Hob. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Bogota. Purchased.

Bogota. Sclater Coll.

Bogota. Salvin-Godnian Coll.

Bogota. Purchased.

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll.

U. S. C. (Simons).

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sclater Coll.

U. S. C. (Simons).

Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Santa Elena, Antioquia ( Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

Yauavacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Heliochera rufaxilla.

Ampelis rufaxilla, Tseh. Faun. Per., Ares, t. vii. fig. 1.
Ampelion rufaxilla, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137.
Heliochera rufaxilla, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,

p. 520 (Antioquia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 237, et 1882, p. 24 ;

id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 383.

Above olivaceous grey, with obscure dark shaft-spots ; front and
sides of crown blackish ; large occipital crest and sides of head bright
chestnut ; wings and tail black, with slight brownish edgings :
bend of the wing and smaller upper wing-coverts bright chestnut :
beneath, throat and fore-neck chestnut : breast olivaceous grey ;
abdomen yellow, with strongly-marked black shaft-spots ; bill and
feet black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-5, tail 3. Female
similar (*?).

Hab. Peru and Colombia.

al

b. rf ad. st.

c.

cf ad. sk.

d,

e. Ad. sk.

/■

$ ad. sk.

9,

h. c? 2 ad. sk,

i.

c? ad. sk.

.?'•

Ad. sk.

/,-.

2 ad. sk.

1,

m. Ad. sk.

n.

<S jr. sk.

0.

<3 jr. sk.
Ad. sk.

V-

'I-

r. $ ad. sk.

s.

Jr. sk.

392 cotingid^;.

a. 9ad.sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (&y/wjow). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i.c? ad.sk. Retiro, Antioquia, tJ. S. C. (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

man).

c. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. T. K. Salmon [C.].

d. 9 ad.; e. Ad. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
sk.

21. IODOPLEURA.

Type.
Iodopleura, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 I. pipra.

Iodopleura and its near ally Calyptura have been usually asso-
ciated with the Pipridce, but appear to have a pycnaspidean tarsus,
and should, therefore, in consonance with Sundevall's views, be
deemed to be diminutive forms of the Cotingidce.

The Iodopleura are only found in South America, extending from
Colombia through Amazonia to Cayenne and S.E. Brazil. The
ornamental tuft of violet feathers on each side of the breast is the
characteristic feature of this genus.

Key to the Species.

A. Throat pale rufous :

I rump grey like the back 1. pipra, p. 392.

| rump white 2. leucopygia, p. 393.

B. Throat white 3. Isabella, p. 393.

C. Throat sooty brown 4. fusca, p. 393.

1. Iodopleura pipra.

Pardalotus pipra, Less. Cent. Zool. pi. 26 ; id. Tr. d' Orn. i. p. 455.
Euphone aurora, Sundev. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1833, p. 312, pi. 11.

fig. 5.
Iodopleura pipra, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 45 (1841) ; Cab. in Sehomb.

Guian. iii. p. 697 ; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 71. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 171 ; Burnt. Syst. JJeb. iii. p. 465 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 246 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 59 ; Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 89.
Euphone modesta, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

Above cinereous, head rather darker, almost black ; wings and
tail blackish, with brownish margins : beneath grey, with numerous
white cross bars ; throat, lower belly, and crissum pale reddish
ochraceous ; on each side of the breast a small elongated tuft of
bright violet feathers ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet
black : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2*3, tail l-3. Female similar,
but head not so dark, and without the violet tufts on tho flanks.

Bab. S.E. Brazil.

a, b. (J 2 ad. st.

Brazil.

Purchased.

e. tf ad. sk.

Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro
(Youds).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, e. cJ 9. ad. ;

Brazil.

Sclater Coll.

/. Jr. sk.

g. S ad. sk.

Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk.

Brazil.

J. Gould, Esq.

21. IODOPLEURA. 393

2. Iodopleura leucopygia. (Plato XXVI.)

Iodopleura leucopygia, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).

Similar to /. pvpra, but with a narrow white bar across the rump,
and cap hardly darker than the back.
Hab. British Guiana.

a, b. Ad. sk. British Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Types of the species.)

3. Iodopleura isabellse.

Iodopleura isabellse, Parzud. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 180; Des Mars,
Icon. Orn. pi. 71. fig. 1 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 171 ; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1857,
p. 200 (U. Amazons) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 247 ; Cab. et Hein. Mas.
Hein. ii. p. 90 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 579 (L. Amazons),
p. 758 (E. Peru), et 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomenel. p. 59 ;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24
(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. ii. p. 388.

Iodopleura guttata, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 ?

Iodopleura eniiliae, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. sub tab. 71 (err.).

Above dark smoky brown ; lores, superciliaries, and bar across the
rump white : beneath rather paler smoky brown, with black shaft-
spots on the flanks ; throat, middle line of breast, and lower belly
white ; large patch of elongated plumes on each side of the breast
bright bluish violet ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black :
whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3, tail 1*5. Female similar, but
without the lateral violet tufts.

Hab. Upper and Lower Amazonia and Ecuador.

The larger size, the white colour below, and the larger bluish
violet tufts distinguish this fine species.

a, b. S 2 ac*- st- Venezuela (?). Purchased.

c. <$ ad. sk. Rio Tocantins ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

d. <S ad.sk. Xeberos, Eastern Peru (Barthtt). Salvin-Godman Cull.

e. $ ad. ; /. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartktt). Sclater Coll.
Pull. sk.

g,h. cS 2 ad- sk. Ckaniicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

i. 2 ad.sk. Pebas, Peru (Hau.ricell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

J. 3 ad. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll.

k, I. 3 $ ad. sk. Rio Copotaza, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ley).

4. Iodopleura fusca.

Ampelis fusca, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 102 (1817). _

Iodopleura fusca, Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 330; id. Ibis, 1885,

p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).
Pipra laplacii, Gerv. Mag. Zool. 1830, cl. ii. pi. 08.
Iodopleura laplacii, Scl. et Salv. Nomenel. p. 59.

Above dull black, with a snow-white bar across the rump : beneath
smoky brown ; middle of belly and crissum white ; a bluish-violet
tuft of elongated feathers on each side of the breast ; under wing-

394

COi'lMilD.i;.

coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 1*5. Female similar, but without the violet lateral tufts.

Hub. Guiana and Cayenne.

Smaller than /. isabellce, and at once recognizable by its brown
throat and black upper surface.

a, b. $ 2 ad. sk.

c. J ad. sk.

d. $ ad. sk.

e. $ ad. sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Demerara.
South America.

Sal vin-G oilman Coll.

Selater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Purchased.

22. CALYPTURA.

Type.

Calyptura, Sic. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1831) C. cristata.

This curious little bird deserves closer examination, although' I
have little doubt that Iodopleura is its not remote ally. It has,
however, shorter wings, shorter tail, and a Tyrannine plumage. It
is peculiar to South-eastern Brazil.

1. Calyptura cristata.

Pardalotus cristatus, Yieill. Nouv. Diet. xxiv. p. 528 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 511 ; Less. Tr. (FOm. i. p. 455.
Calyptura cristata, Sw. Om. Dr. pi. 24 ; id. Class. B. ii. p. 254 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 175; Burnt. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 448 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Bern. ii. p. 90; Scl Cat. A. B. p. 247; Cab. J.f. O. 1874, p. 89

(Cantagallo) ; Scl. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 59.
Pipra tyrannuius, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 940.

Above greenish yellow ; front and rump pure yellow ; head
crested, scarlet with a black border ; wings and tail dull blackish,
edged with greenish yellow; tips of two rows of coverts and margins
of outer secondaries white : beneath yellow, brighter on lower
belly ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and feet black : whole length
3 inches, wing 1*9, tail 1. Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

a. S ad. st.

Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.

b. Ad. sk.

Novo Fribourgo, Brazil (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll

c. Ad. sk.

Brazil. Selater Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll

c. c? ad. sk.

South America. J. Gould, Esq.

Subfamily VI. GYMNODERIN^l.

These are exaggerated forms of the Cotingidce, in which develop-
ments of colour, size, and ornamental appendages have been pushed
to their extreme limits. Whether they should all stand together as
a separate group is doubtful, especially as regards the last two
genera (Sect. B), which might, perhaps, be better placed with the
typical Cotingince. But this and many other points must bo left to

23. H.E1IAT0DERTJS. 395

be settled when opportunities shall have been obtained for a more
accurate examination of the structure of these birds.

The Gymnodermce range from Costa Eica down to Brazil and
Bolivia.

Key to the Genera.

A. Rictal bristles strongly developed: gape
narrower.
a. Lores densely feathered.
a'. No throat-wattle or crest on head.

£' $ositr.i1ls covered by plumes 23. H^siATODEnrs,

o . i\ ostnls exposed. r on ►

I Bill short, widened 24. Querula, p. 39ft

v w J }°nger> compassed 25. Pvroderus, p. 397.

b . YY ith a throat- wattle, and crested rp 393

B. Rictus smooth : gape' wider. " * ' " *' G™»°™****<™,

I Lores plumed : culmen elevated .... 28. Gtmnodeuus, p. 402
I Lores denuded : bill much flattened. . 29. Chasmorhynchus,

[p. 403.

23. H^MATODERTJS.

Haamatoderus, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, Zool. t. i. T7P<3'

P-134(18^) II, militaris.

This splendid type, remarkable for its gorgeous colour and
elongated plumes, is found only in the Guianas and Lower Ama-

zonia.

1. Hsematoderus militaris.
Coracias militaris, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii
Queru a rubra, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. viii. p. 161 ; id. Enc. Moth, p 768
Querula purpurea, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. pf 362 P'

Querula militaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 179.
Threnoedus militaris, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. hi. p 690
H*uiatoderus _militaris Cab.et Hem. Mus. llein. £. p. 1*07; Sal. Cat.
t &»P'a \ ' °''f- B-T-£ 134' ScL et Sak- R z s- 1807,

EaMC&GdST^ lul Nomend- p- 59; ** Ibis> 1885>

Above and beneath deep crimson-red ; feathers of head neck
rump, and breast elongated and narrowed ; wings and tail' sootv-
brown; bill reddish ; feet black: whole length 13 inches, wing 8-7
tail 5-3. Female rather smaller, above sooty-brown 5 head and
body beneath crimson.

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

tt d 9 ad st S°Ut]l America- Purchased.

e'f-A?ld-sk- Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

HK Aayelme'/D s Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. 6 ad. sk. Amazons {Bates). Salvin-Godman ColL

39 G

('OTIN(MI).i:.

24. QUERULA.

Type.

Querula, VieUl. Analyse, p. 37 (1S16) A. rubricollis.

Threnoedus, Gloyer, Hand- u. Hilfsb. Nat. p. 319 (1842) A. rubricollis.

This is again a monotype, but more widely extended, ranging
over the Guianas, Amazonia, Colombia, and up to Costa Rica. It is
a smaller form than Hcematoderus, and has the nostrils exposed.

1. Querula cruenta.

Gobe-Mouche noir a gorge pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 381.

Muscicapa cruenta, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 23.

Querula cruenta, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 257 ; Laivr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 296 (Panama), et ix. p. 117

(Costa Rica) ; Scl. et 'Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), 1866,

p. 191 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E.

Peru), et 1879,' p. 520 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Frantz.

J. f. 0. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Eica) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 134 ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. ii. p. 389 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Br. Guiana).
Muscicapa rubricollis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933.
Muscicapa porphyrobroncha, Shaw, Nat. Misc. ii. pi. 63.
Querula rubricollis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 768 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 181,

pi. 115 ; Less. Tr. d. Orn. i. p. 363 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 179 ; Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (Upper Amazons).
Coracina rubricollis, Temm. Tabl, Meth. p. 20.
Threnoedus rubricollis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 691.
Threnoedus cruentus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 107.

Above and beneath dull black, broad neck-collar formed of
elongated feathers dark crimson-red ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet
black : whole length 10 inches, wing 7, tail 4-5. Female similar,
but uniform black, without the crimson neck-colbir.

Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America
to Costa Rica.

a. 3 ad. Bt

b, c. 3 2 ad. sk.

d. 3 ad. sk.

e. 3 ad. sk.

f,y. 3 2 ad. sk.

h. 3 ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
j, k. 3 2 ad- sk-
I. 3 ad. sk.

m. 3 ad. sk.

n. 3 ad. sk.
o. 3 ad- sk.
p, q. 3 2 ad. sk.
r. 2 ad. sk.
s. 3 ad. sk.

t. 3 ad. sk.

Demerara.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
{Whitely).

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Chamicuros, Eastern Peru
(Han.rwell).

River Ucayali (Hauxivell).

Eastern Peru (Hauxicell).

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illiny-
wortK).

Vicinity of Medellin, Antio-
quia (Salmon).

Nichi, Antioquia {Salmon).

Bogota.

Panama (McLeannan).

Panama (McLeannan).

Montana del Vermejo, Vera-
gua (Aree).

Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-
miol).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
J.Gould, Esq.

J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

25. PTEODEEUS. 397

25. PYRODERUS*

Coracina, Temm. PI, Col. livr. 7 (1823) p scutatus

Pyroderus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840) .' .' p\ scutatus!

The three forms of this genus, which are found in S.E. Brazil,
Colombia, and Venezuela, are not very distinct. The bill is longer
and stronger than in Hcematoderus, but not so Crow-like as in the
two next genera. The feet are also large and robust.

Key to the Species.

A. Belly black, with slight chestnut spots.

I Larger 1# scutatus^ p 397>

I smaller ••••••••■ 2. granadensis, p. 398.

B. Belly mostly chestnut 3. onnocenaia] p' . 398>

1. Pyroderus scutatus.

Coracias scuta ta, Shaw, Mus. Lev. p. 199; id. Gen. Zool. vii p 401

Urraca degollada, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 260.

Coracina rubricollis, Vieill. Kouv. Dict.'xm. p. 7; id. Enc Meth

p. 771.
Ampebs sanguinicolhs, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Coracina scutata, Temm. PL Col. AQ;' Max. Beitr. iii p 406-

Lqfr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 275 ; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii p' 417
Pyroderus scutatus ,Gray List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840) f ' Bp. 'Consp. i.

p. 1/8 ; Cab. et Hem. Mm. Hem. ii. p. 109 ; Scl. Cat A B p 259 •

rek.Orn Bras p. 135 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 (Brazil) ; Scl.

et Salv *omencl? 60 ; Berl.J.f. 0. 1873, p. 267 (S. Brazil) : Cab.

££ °- 1874. P-.90(Cantajgallo) ; Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. yes. Om.

18bo, p. 141 (Rio Gr. do Sal).

Above and beneath dull black, with slight metallic reflections upon
the margins of some of the feathers; throat and fore-neck, not
including the chin, crimson ; a few shaft-spots on the middle o'f the
belly, and under wing-coverts dull chestnut ; bill plumbeous • feet
black: whole length 18 inches, wing 9-5, tail 6-5. Female siniilar
but rather smaller, and neck-band not so bright.

Hub. South-east Brazil and Paraguay.

I have never seen specimens of this form from Guiana. Tlire-
noedus rubricollis of Cabanis, quoted by Mr. Salvin (Ibis, 1885
p. 306) as possibly referable to this bird, belongs to Querula cruenta'.

a, b. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.

c 2 ad. st. Brazil. j. Gouldj E

d. <$ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil {Joyner). Sah in-Godman Coll

e. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

d k °' 6 BraZU' Salvin-GodmanColl.

* Refer also to

Pyroderus masoni, Ridgw. Auk, iii. p. 333 (1886); from the interior of
Venezuela.

Ad. st.

Colombia.

Ad. sk.

Bogota.

Ad. sk.

Bogota.

Ad. sk.

Bogota.

d ad. sk.

Colombia.

3«jS cotingidje.

2. Pyroderus granadensis.

Coracina granadensis, Lafr. Lev. Zool. 184G, p. 277.
Pyroderus granadensis, Bp. Comp. p. 178; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 163
(Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 259 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.
p. 109; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 60 ; Tacz. Oni. Per, ii. p. 392.
Pyroderus scutatus granadensis, Bed. J. f. O. 1884, p. 300 (Bucara-
manga).
Similar to P. scutatus, but smaller : whole length 14 inches,
■wing 8-5, tail 5.
Hah. Colombia.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Pyroderus orenocensis.

Coracina orenocensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 277.
Pyroderus orenocensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hew.
'ii. p. 109 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 259; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252
(Venezuela), et 1879, p. 520 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. GO.

Above dull black : beneath, throat and neck dark crimson ; belly
and under wing-coverts more or less covered by large terminal
spots of brownish chestnut; lower belly and crissum dull black;
bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 14-5 inches, wing
9, tail 6. Female similar, but rather smaller, and throat not quite
so bright.

Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.

In Venezuelan specimens of this bird, the chestnut on the belly is
more extended than in those collected in Antioquia by Salmon,
which are intermediate between this form and P. granadensis.

a. Ad. st. South America. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Goerinc/).

c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

d. e. 2 ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.

Type.

26. CEPHA.LOPTERUS.

Cephalopterus, Geoffr. Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 235 (1809) . . C. ornatus.

The extraordinary pendulous throat-wattle and the remarkable
form of the crest distinguish this very singular genus, which is
peculiar to certain districts of Amazonia, Ecuador, and Central
America. For an account of the habits of this bird see Mr. W allacc's
article (P. Z. S.1850, p. 206).

26. CEPHALOPTERUS. 399

Key to the Species.

A. Throat not denuded : throat-wattle feathered.

| Throat-wattle short, flattened 1. ornatus, p. 309.

| Throat-wattle long, cylindrical 2. penduliger, p. 310.

B. Throat denuded : wattle naked, with a feathered

tuft at the end 3. glabricollis, p. 310.

1. Cephalopterus oraatus.

Cephalopterus oraatus, Geoffr. Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 238, pi. 17 ; oV Orb.
J'oi/., Ois. p. 296; Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 141 ; Cab. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 691 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178 ; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 206 ; Snlater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 18 (Bogota) et 265 (U. Amazons),
1858, p. 71 (Bio Napo) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 259 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm.
Hein. ii. p. 110; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali), 1867,
p. 581 (L. Amazons) et p. 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Komencl. p. 60; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 135 ; id. Pais, 1875, p. 331 (Spanish Guiana) ; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 541 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru) ; id. 0m. Per. ii.
p. 391 ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 94, 121 (Ecuador) ; Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana).

Coracina cephaloptera, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 5 ; id. Enc. Meth,
p. 772 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 179, pi. 114; Temm. PI. Col. 255.

Coracina ornata, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 03, pi. 59 ; Burm. Syst. TJeb.
ii. p. 420.

Above and beneath black, with greenish metallic reflections upon
the crest, back, and throat-wattle ; stems of the frontal plumes
white ; throat-wattle 3 to 6 inches in length, densely feathered and
expanded ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet black : whole length 18 inches,
wing 11, tail 7. Female similar in form but smaller, and mostly of
a brownish black ; throat-wattle very small.

Hab. Guiana and Amazonia, extending southwards to Matto-
Grosso and Bolivia, and westwards to Ecuador.

In specimens of this bird from Eastern Ecuador the throat-wattle
is much elongated, but does not attain to the dimensions of C.
penduliger of "Western Ecuador. In Bolivian specimens the throat-
wattle is short, as in the typical Amazonian bird.

«, b. d 2 ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

c. $ ad. st. Brazil (P). Purchased.

d. $ ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.

e. $ ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/» 9- <S 2 a(i- sk- San Jose, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. c? ad. sk. Bio Javari. J. Gould.

i. 2 ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.

/. S ad.sk. Mattp-Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. 2 ad- sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.

terer).

lim- 6 2 ad.sk. Tilotilo, Tungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Buckley),

n. 2 a(i. sk. Iluacahamache, Bolivia J. Gould, Esq.

(D. Forbes, Aug. 1862).

o. 3 2 ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.

p. Skeleton. U. S. of Colombia. Purchased.

400 COTINGIDiE.

2. Cephalopterus penduliger.

Cephalopterus penduliger, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 114, pi. 3 ; id.
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142, et 1800, pp. 67, 92 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 259 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 60 ; Tacs. et Berl. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 560, 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121 (Ecuador).

Above and beneath uniform black, with metallic reflections upon
the back, crest, and throat-wattle ; stems of frontal feathers black ;
under wing-coverts and inner margins of basal portion of wing
white ; bill dark plumbeous ; feet black : whole length 16 inches,
wiug 10, tail 5. Female similar but smaller, and throat-wattle
not so long.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

The Umbrella-bird of Western Ecuador is distinguished by the
enormous length of the pendulous feathered throat-wattle, which in
Buckley's male specimen from Pallatanga measures 13 inches.
Bosides this the under wing-coverts are pure white, being either
black or slightly freckled with white in C. ornatus.

a. rf ad. st. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].

b, c. d 2 ad- sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
d, e. 3 ad.sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

f. rf ad. sk. Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.

3. Cephalopterus glabricollis.

Cephalopterus glabricollis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 92, pi. xx. ;
Cab. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 254 (Costa Rica); Solo. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150,
et 1870, p. 201 (Veragua); Later. Ann. Lye. N. T. ix. p. 117
(Costa Rica) ; Frantz. J.f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica).

Above and beneath black, with slight metallic reflections on the
back and crest ; whole front of the neck and breast bare of feathers ;
throat-wattle naked, with a tufted end ; under wing-coverts black ;
bill dark plumbeous ; feet black: whole length 16 inches, wing 10,
tail 4-8. Female. Head-crest much smaller, and neck only slightly
denuded, throat-wattle small.

Hah. Costa Rica and Veragua.

There is considerable variation in the extent of the denudation of
the throat in this extraordinary bird, which was originally dis-
covered by Warcewicz in the Cordillera of Chiriqui at an elevation of
8000 feet. Mr. Warcewicz describes the bare part of the neck as
reddish orange, and the bare base of the throat-wattle as bright
red in life.

a-d. cS ad. ; e. $ Turrialba, Costa Rica (And). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.
f. 2 ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.

miol).
y. J ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arce). Sclater Coll.

27. GYMNOCEPHALITS. 401

*' ad ^ l-ad' ' J' ? C°Sta RICa" °" SalTin' ES<1, [P,l

*■ ? »d. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.

«. c? ad. sk. Cordillera de Tole", Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).

m. <$ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. J ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). J. Gould, Esq.

27. GYMNOCEPHALUS.

Gynmoceplialus, Geoffroij St.-Hilaire, Ann. du Mils. xiii. ^
P-237(1809) G.calvus.

In general structure this form is not very remote from Cephalo-
pterus, but is immediately distinguishable by its denuded head, which
occurs to a greater or less extent in both sexes. So far as we yet
know, Gymnoceplialus is restricted to the Guianas.

1. Gymnocephalus calvus.

Choucas ckauve de Cayenne, Daub. PI. JEnl. 521.

Corvus calvus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 372 ; Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 153.

Gymnocephalus capucinus, Geoffr. Ann. Mm. xiii. p. 237; Less
Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 359, pi. 41. fig. 1.

Coracina gymnocephala, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 770.

Ampelis calva, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.

Coracina calva, Temm. Tail. Meth. p. 20.

Gymnocephalus calvus, Halm, Vog. am Asien, Lief. ii. pi. 4 ; Cab. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 690 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb
ii. p. 423 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 109 ; Scl. Cat. A B
p. 258; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 135 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 581
(L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 306
(Br. Guiana).

Bald Crow, Lath. G. If. iii. p. 14.

Above clear yellowish brown, lighter at the back of the head ;
front and whole summit of the head denuded, leaving only slight
black bristles ; wings and tail black : beneath similar, but abdomen
passing into chesnut rufous ; under wing-coverts white ; chin slightly
denuded ; bill and feet black : whole length 14 inches, wing
8-5, tail 4. Female similar but smaller, and head not so much
denuded.

Hah. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana.

«, b. S ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

c.Ad.sk. French Guiana (Rothery). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Cayenne. J. Gould, Esq.

y. Ad. sk. Maroni r., Surinam (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/(, i. cJ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll".

(Mniitely).

j. Ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit, Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll

(Whitely).

k. 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Guiana (Broivn). Sclater Coll.

vol. xiv. 2 D

402 coTiNGrD^;.

28. GYMNODERUS.

Type.
Gyumoderus, Geoffr. St.-Hdaire, Ann. d. Mus.xm. p. 23/

( 1 809) G. fcetidus.

Coracina, VteUl. Analyse, p. 37 (1816) G. fcetidus.

Coronis, Gloger, Fror. Not. vol. xvi. p. 277 (1827) G. fcetidus.

This is another monotypic form, distinguished by the denudation
of the throat and neck, and the short compressed plumes which
cover the head and give it a Yulturine appearance. It extends from
Guiana across Amazonia to Ecuador. Gymnoderus is of a much
feebler build than the preceding genera, and thus intermediate
between them and the typical Cotingidce.

1. Gymnoderus fcetidus.

Gracula foetida, Linn. S. N. i. p. 164.

Le Colnud de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 609.

Corvus nudicollis, Bodd. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 37 (1783).

Corvus nudus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 371.

Gracula nuda, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 190.

Gymnoderus cayennensis, Geoffr. Ann. Mas. xiii. p. 237.

Coracina gymnodera, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 769 ; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 178.

Ainpelis nudicollis, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.

Coracina fcetida, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178.

Gymnoderus fcetidus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 52 (1841) ; Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 691 ; Burin. Sysf. Ueb. ii. p. 425 ; Sclater, P. Z. S.

1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 258 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 135 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 108 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1867, p. 581 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 59 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 390 ; Salv. Phis, 1885, p. 306 (Br.

Guiana).
Bare-necked Grakle, Lath. G. H. iii. p. 160.

Above and beneath dull black ; head covered with short com-
pressed velvety-black plumes, sides of head and neck all round
denuded, leaving only scattered plumes on the chin and middle of
the throat ; large patch on the wings occupying the lesser wing-
coverts, outer secondaries, and outer margins of most of the other
wing- feathers pure greyish white ; under wing-coverts black : lower
surface of wings grey ; bill plumbeous : feet black : whole length
14 inches, wing 8-3, tail 5*5. Female similar but smaller ; throat
less denuded, and without the silvery-grey patch on the wings.

Hah. Cayenne, Surinam, Amazonia, and Ecuador.

a. $ ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

b. 9 ad. st. South America. Purchased.

c. d ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. c? ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.

e. 2 ad. sk. Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
/. S ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll.

//. $ ad. sk. Caicara, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godmau Coll.

(Natlerer).

h, i. c? 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. $ jr. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. cJ ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.

I. $ ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.

29. CHASMOKHTSTCflUS. 403

29. CHASMOKHYNCHUS.

Type.

Casniorhynckos, Temm. Man. cTOrn. Analyse, p. lxiii

(1820) C. variegatus.

Arapunga, Less. Trait. d'Orn. p. 365 (1831) C. nudicollis.

Eulopogon, Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. Nat. p. 321 (1842). C. variegatus.

Chasmorhynchus is certainly one of the most extraordinary forms
of the Cotingidce. Though the females of the four species are much
alike, the males present very striking differential characters, both
in colour and in the disposition of the naked caruncles which
ornament the head and throat. They are further remarkable for
their loud bell-like voice.

The four species of this genus are distributed over the Neotropical
Region from Costa Rica, through Venezuela and Guiana, to S.E.
Brazil, but, strangely enough, the form does not appear to occur in
Amazonia *.

Key to the Sjjecies.

A. White above and beneath.

I Throat feathered; head with a feathered

I caruncle 1. niveus, p. 403.

I Throat naked ; head without a caruncle . . 2. nudicollis, p. 404.

B. White : head brown ; wings black 3. variegatus, p. 405.

C. Chestnut : head and throat white ; head with

three naked caruncles 4. tricarunculatus,

[p. 405.

1. Chasinorhynchus niveus.

Cotinga blanc de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 793, 704.

Ampelis nivea, Bodd. Table, d. PL Enl. p. 49 (1783).

Anipelis carunculata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 841 ; Lath. G. H. v. p. 180.

Chasmorhynchus carunculatus, Temm. Tahl. Meth. p. 21 ; Cab. in

Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 692; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178.
Procnias nivea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280 ; Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 261.
Chasmorhynchus niveus, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hem. ii. p. 108; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 258: Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 88 (Trinidad) ; Salv. Ibis,

1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana); Pelz. Orn. Bras.y. 134; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons) ; iid. Komencl. p. 59 ; Finsch,

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 574 (Trinidad).
Chasmorhynchus albus, Scl. Ibis, 1866, p. 407 (en-.).
Carunculated Chatterer, Lath. G. H. v. p. 180, pi. lxxxiv.

Snow-white ; head with a long thinly-feathered caruncle arising
from the front ; bill and feet black : whole length 10-5 inches,
wing 6-5, tail 4. Female. Above green : beneath yellowish, varie-
gated with green ; crissum yellowish.

Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana.

a. r? ad. st. Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq.

b. cJ ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

* On the distribution of Chasmorhynehus, of. Sclater, "The Bell-birds of
America," Intellectual Observer, x. p. 401 (1867).

2u 2

404

COTTNGID-aE.

c. d ad. sk.

d. J ad. sk.

e. $ jr. sk.
/. J ad. sk.

y. J ad. sk.

h, i. cJ $ ad. sk.

/. $ ad. sk.

k. $ ad. sk.

I. $ ad. sk.

m. $ ad. sk.
n. £ ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Surinam (Bartlett).

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitehj).
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana

tJPhtidy).
R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana

{Whitely).
Merume" Mts., Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana

(Whitely).
Demerara.

Venezuela ( Warminyton).
S. America.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Baron Lauerier's Coll.

2. Chasmorhynchus nudicollis.

Ampelis nudicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 164; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 762.
Chasniorhynclius nudicollis, Temm. PI. Col. 368, 383 ; Max. Beitr.

iii. p. 377 ; Burm. Syst. Ucb. ii. p. 426 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.

ii. p. 108 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 258 ; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 407 ; Pelz.

Om. Bras. p. 134 ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 (Brazil) ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 59; Berl. J.f. O. 1873, p. 266 (S. Brazil); Berl.

et JJier. Zeitschr. yes. Om. 1885, p. 141 (Rio Grande do Sul).
Procnias nudicollis, Max. Reis. n. Bras. i. p. 52, et ii. p. 158.
Cotinga alba, Thunb. Mem. Soc. Mosc. vi. p. 177 (1823).
Chasniorhynclius ecarunculatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 3, pi. 4.
Procnias alba, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280.
Chasmorhynchus albus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178.

White above and beneath ; sides of head and throat naked, with
small scattered bristles; bill black ; feet brown: whole length 11
inches, wing 6*2, tail 3-5. Female above green, cap darker : be-
neath yellowish, striped with green ; throat greyish, with black
striations ; crissurn yellowish.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

f-h.

a. c? ad. st.

b. d ad. st.

c. 2 ad. st.

d. e. £ ad. ;
2 ad. sk.

i. j jr. sk.
j. 2 ad. sk.
k. 2 ad. sk.

I. c$ ad. sk.
m, n. $ 2 ad. sk.
o, p. J 2 ad. sk.
q, r. 2 ad. sk.
s. Skeleton.

S. America.
S. America.
S. America.
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).

Bahia, Brazil.

Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joymr).

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.
Brazil.
Brazil.
S. America.

Purchased.
Hardwicke Bequest.
Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

M. Claussen [P.].

Purchased.

Purchased.

29. CHASMOKHTNCHUS.

405

3. Chasmorhynchus variegatus.

Ampelis variegata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 841 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 367.
Procnias variegata, Leotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 259.
Chasmorhynchus variegatus, Temm. PI. Col. 51 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 428 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 107 ;
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 257 ; id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 406, 407 ; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 172,
628 ^(Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 574 (Trinidad).
Variegated Chatterer, Lath. G. H v. p. 185, pi. lxxxv.
Pure white ; head coffee-brown ; wings black ; throat denuded
and covered with small caruncles ; bill and feet black : whole
length 10 inches, wing 6-2, tail 2-4. Female. Above green ; head
greyish : beneath pale yellowish, with green striations on the breast
and belly ; throat greyish, with finer striations.

Hah. Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
a, b. o" 2 ad. st. S. America.
c, d. o" 2 ac^ ! Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Wltite-

e,f. S jr. sk. ly).
g,h. o" 2 ad.sk, San Estehan, Venezuela (Goe-

ring).

i. o* ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.

j, k. o" jr. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

I. J ad. sk. Brazil (?) Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Chasmorhynchus tricarunculatus.
Chasmorhynchus tricarunculatus, J. et E. Verreau.v, Rev. Zool. 1853,
p. 193; Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 258 ; Salv. Ibis, 1865, p. 92, pi. iii. (Costa Rica) ; id.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua) ; Scl. Ibis, 1866,
pp. 406, 407 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica) ;
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 59 ; Boucard, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica) ; Ridgiv. P. U.S.
N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa Rica).
Clear chestnut-brown ; head above and neck below, down to the
breast, pure white ; three long naked caruncles, one from the
middle of the front, and the two lateral from under the eyes ; bill
and feet black : whole length 10*5 inches, wing 6-5, tail 4-5.
Female. Above green : beneath yellowish flammulated with green.
Hah. Costa Rica and Veragua.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll,

a.

<3 ad. st.

b.

o" ad. ; c
3 jr. sk.

-d.

e.

d" ad. ; /.

jr. sk.

6

9-

d" jr. sk.

h,

i. d 2 ad.

sk.

.?■

cJ ad. sk.

k.

o* ad. sk.

1,

Jr. sk.

m

. rfjr. sk.

n.

£ ad. sk.

Costa Rica.

Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arce).

Costa Rica (Aire).

Costa Rica.

Calovevora, Veragua (Arce).

Cordillera de To\6, Veragua

(Arce).
Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua

(Arc£).
Veragua (ArcS).
Veragua.
Veragua (Arc6).

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sahin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

O. Salvin, Esq.. [P.].

J. Gould, Esq.

406 I-HYTOTOMID-S;

Family V. PHYTOTOMIDiE.

The family Phytotomidce contains only one genus Phytotoma,
-with four species, and is restricted to the Neotropical llegion.

The Phytotoma?. have a general external resemblance to the
Finches, with which they were associated by the older authors.
Eyton, who dissected some of the birds procured during the voyage
of the ' Beagle,' first showed (Zool. Yoy. ' Beagle,' iii. p. 153) that
Phytotoma has only one pair of sterno-tracheal muscles, but was
not aware of the importance of this discovery. This character,
however, as well as the structure of the tarsal covering, which is
pycnaspidean, shows that the true position of the Phytotomce is
among the Oligomyodians, probably near the Cotingidce.

1. PHYTOTOMA.

Type.

Phytotoma, Molina, Saggio s. St. Nat. Chili, p. 345 (1782) . . P. rara.

Phytotoma is restricted to the western and southern portions of
South America, extending from Western Peru through Bolivia,
Chili, and Argentina to Northern Patagonia. The Phytotoma'
build open nests and lay spotted eggs (cf. Scl. et Huds. Arg.
Orn. i. p. 164).

Key to the Species.

A. Tail with a broad red cross band 1. rara, p. 406.

B. Tail uniform blackish, with white end.

a. Whole crown of head rufous.

i Larger : brown below 2. angustirostris, p. 407.

| Smaller : redder below .... 3. rutila, p. 407.

b. Narrow front only rufous 4. raimondii, p. 408.

1. Phytotoma rara.

Phytotoma rara, Molina, Saggio s. St. Nat. del Chili, p. 345 ; Gm.
S. N. i. p. 928 ; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 293 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 139 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 80 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. Ill;
Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. i. p. 363; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl, p. 00; Fhilippi, Cat. Av. Chil. p. 20; Tacz. Orn.
Per. ii. p. 394.

Phytotoma bloxami, Griff. Anim. Kingd. ii. p. 319 ; Jard. et Selb.
III. Orn.i. pi. 4 (2).

Phytotoma silens, Kittl. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. i. p. 175, t. 1 (1831).

Phytotoma molina, Less. L'Inst. 1834, p. 310.

Above brown, striated with black ; crown rufous ; wings black,
with white edgings to the coverts ; tail black, all the lateral rectrices
with a broad dark-red cross band on the inner webs : beneath red ;

1. PHYTOTOMA. 407

flanks with slight black striations ; sides of head black ; bill and
feet blackish : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female.
Above like the male, but without the red crown : beneath pale
yellowish brown, with numerous black striations.
Hah. Chili.

«. c? ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.

b, c. cJ 2 ad. sk. Chili (James). Sclater Coll.

d. cS ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Reed). Salviu-Godmau Coll.

e. S ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili. Purchased.

f. $ ad. sk. Chili. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(j. ? ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.].

h. $ ad. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. Lord Byron [P.].

i,j. 6 2 ad. sk. Chili. Jardine Coll.

k. S ad. st. Chili. CharlesCrawley, Esq.

I. 6 jr. st. Chili. Sir W. Burnett and

('apt, Fitzroy [P.].

2. Phytotoma angustirostris.

Phytotoma angustirostris, cF Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 37; d'Orb.
Foy., Ois. p. 292, pi. 29. fig. 2 ; Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 86 ; Cab. et. Hein.
Mas. Hein. ii. p. Ill; Scl, Cat. A. B. p. 260; Scl; et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 60 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1S79, p. 619 (Bolivia).

Above slaty grey, with slight blackish striations ; crown red ;
wings and tail brownish black, broad margins of the wing-coverts and
secondaries, and tips of all the lateral tail-feathers white : beneath
reddish brown ; flanks cinereous ; bill and feet dark brown : whole
length 7*3 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3-5. Female. Above greyish white,
densely striated with black : beneath white, with black shaft-spots,
which grow obsolete on the lower belly ; under wing-coverts and
crissum white.

Hub. Bolivia, temperate regions of eastern slope of the Andes.

I am not very sure that this species is really different from P. rutila.
It is rather larger, not so bright below, and rather greyer above.
But northern specimens of P. rutila are somewhat intermediate.

a, b. cJ jr. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godinan Coll.

c, cf ad. sk. La Paz, Bolivia. Jardine Coll.

d, e. $ 2 ad- sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

f, g. 2 ad. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

h. $ ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.j.

3. Phytotoma rutila.

Habia dentudo, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 366.

Phytotoma rutila, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 64; id. Eae. Meth.

p. 903 ; d'Orb. Foy., Ois. p. 293, pi. 29. fig. 1 ; Lafr. May. de Zool.

1832, Ois. pi. 5; Bp. Consp. i. p. 86 ; llarthmb, Lid. Az. p. 6;

Cab. et Hein. Mas. LLein. ii. p. Ill ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 260;

id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 549; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Hudson,

P.Z.S. 1872, p. 537 (Rio Negro); White, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 609

(Catamarca) ; Burin. La Plata-Keise, ii. p. 451 ; Barrows, Bull.

Nutt. Orn. Club. viii. p. 203 (Lower Uruguay) ; Scl. et Hnds.

Arg. Om. i. p. 164, pi. viii.

408 PHYTOTOMrD-E.

Above cinereous, with obsolete blackish shaft-spots ; crown red ;
wings and tail black ; a broad band across the ends of the lesser wing-
coverts, slight outer margins of the greater coverts and secondaries,
and tips of all the rectrices white : beneath bright red, flanks grey ;
bill brown : feet black : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3'3, tail 3.
Female. Above greyish white, densely covered with black striatums :
beneath white, with less numerous black striations ; wings and tail
as in male.

Hab. Argentine Republic down to Rio Negro, Patagonia.

a. c? ad. st. Mendoza. Purchased.

b, c. S ad. ; d. Cosquin, Cordova ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk.

e,/. (J § ad. sk. Mendoza ( Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll.

g, h. 3 $ ad- sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic {Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.

bold).
hJ- <S ? ad. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. <$ jr. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.

I, m. c? $ ad.sk. Vic. of Buenos Ayres (Hash- Salvin-Godman Coll.

hust).
n, o. $ 5 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hud- Sclater Coll.

son).
P> 1- <S jr- ; ,-- Pi° Negro of Patagonia. Purchased.

$ ad. sk.

4. Phytotoma raimondii.

Phytotoma raimondii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71, pi. xvii. ; id. Orn.

Per. ii. p. 395.
Phytotoma rara, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 139 (?).

Above greyish cinereous, with the feathers darker in the centre ;
narrow front of head rufous : beneath, throat pale ochraceous varied
with rufous ; fore-neck and flanks cinereous ; broad blotch on belly,
and crissum bright cinnamon-red ; wings blackish, with two white
cross bands ; tail blackish, lateral rectrices tipped with white :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3-2. Female. Centres of
feathers of head and back darker, and their margins lighter than
in the male ; rump striated with black ; throat whitish fulvous ;
rest of under surface pale fulvous, with blackish-brown striations on
the sides of the throat, fore-neck, belly, and flanks ; wings and tail
as in the male

Hab. Western littoral of N. Peru (Tumbez).

The narrow red front, instead of the whole crown being red, and
the less amount of red on the lower surface at once distinguish this
well-marked species.

PHILEPITTED-E:. 409

Family VI. PHILEPITTIDiE.

Sundevall* first showed that the peculiar Madagascarian type
PMlepitta, as possessing ten fully formed primaries and a non-
bilaminate tarsus, could not be satisfactorily placed among the
Oscines, to various branches of which it had been referred by previous
writers. But it is to the researches of Porbes that we are indebted
for our remaining information on this curious form. In one of
his excellent articles upon the anatomy of the Passeres f, Forbes
took up the question of PMlepitta, and described its palate, ptery-
losis, and syrinx. The palate and pterylosis are truly Passerine,
though possessing slight special peculiarities. The syrinx, which
was previously unexamined, he showed to be perfectly Hesomyodian,
as indeed had been predicted by Garrod would probably turn out to

a. Syrinx ot PMlepitta, from before, f. b. From behind, 4.

c. From right side, f.

(P. Z. S. 18S0, p. 389.)

be the case. It follows that the Philepittidce must be arranged as
one of the Old-World families of Oligotnyodae, and that the best place
for it is next to the Pittidce, from which it differs in its taxaspidean
tarsus and other particulars.

The two known species of Philepittidce are confined to Madagascar.

1. PHILEPITTA.

Type.
Philepitta, Geofr. St.-Hilaire, Mac/, de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. 3. P. jala.
Brissonia, Haiti. Orn. Beitr. Fauna Madag. p. 42 (1801) . P. jala.
Buddinghia, Pollen, Faune de 31adaqasc. ii. p. 88 (1808) . . P. schlegeli
Paictes, Sund. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 63 (1872) P. jala.

* Tentamen, p. 63. t P. Z. S. 1880, p. 387.

410 PHILEPITTTBiE.

Key to the Species.

A. Back .and abdomen black 1. jcda, p. 410.

B. Back olive ; abdomen yellow 2. schleyeli, p. 411.

1. Philepitta jala.

Merula madagascariensis anrea, Briss. Ornith. ii. p. 247, pi. xxiv.
fie. 2.

Turdus sire Merula madagascariensis aurea, Manetti, Lorenzi et

Vanni, Stor. Nat. d. Uccelli, ii. p. 50.
Le Saui-jala, Buffon, Hist. Nut. de Ois. iii. p. 398 (1775).
Turdus castaneus, Mull. Naturs., Suppl. p. 143.
Le Merle dore de Madagascar, Daub. PI. Enl. 539. fig. 2.
Turdus jala, Bodd. Tab. PI. Enl. p. 31.
Black-cheeked Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 75; id. Gen. Hist.

v. p. 93 ; Steph. Shaw's Zool. x. p. 231.
Turdus nigerrimus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 821 ; Bechst. Latham's Ally.

Uebers. d. Vby. ii. p. 68 ; Euhl, Buff, et Daub. Fiy. Av. p. 9.
Turdus saui-jala, Lath. Lid. Orn. p. 356; Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xx.

p. 287 ; id. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 672 ; Dumont, Diet. d. Sci. Nat. xxx.

p. 159 ; Temm. Tab. Meth. p. 14.
Turdus lunulatus, Shaiv, Nat. Misc. xiv. pi. 585.
Philepitta sericea, Geoff. 8t.SU, Compt. Bend. vi. p. 442; id.

Ann. Sci. Nat. 1838, p. 188 ; id. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 50 ; id.

May, de Zool. 1839, Ois. pi. iii. ; Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et

Append, p. 9 ; Des Murs, Lconoqr. Orn. pi. xxxii. ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 422 ; Gray, Cat. of Gen. Bds. p. 43 (1855) ; Midi. J. f. O.

1855, p. 388; Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 96; id. Ornithol. Beitr. z.

Faun. Madayasc. p. 42 ; Pollen, Nedoi. Tijdsch. v. d. Dierk. 1863,

p. 305; Verreaux, Vinson 's Voy. a Madayasc. p. 2.
Philepitta geoffroyi, Des Murs etPrev. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 241 ; Gray,

Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et Append, p. 9; Bp. Consp. i. p. 422; Mull.

J.f. O. 1855, p. 388; Hartl. J.f. O. 1860, p. 96; id. Ornithol.

Beitr. z. Faun. Madayasc. p. 42 ; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdschr. v.

d. Dierk. 1863, p. 305 ; Verreaux, Vinson's Voy. a Madayasc.

P-2-
Phyllornis jala, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 124.

Philepitta isidori, Des Murs, Iconoyr. Orn. pi. xxxiii.

Brissouia nigerrima, Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 96 ; id. Ornithol. Beitr.

z. Faun. Madayasc. p. 42 ; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdschr. v. d. Dierk.

p. 306; Verreaux, Vinson's Voy. a Madagasc. p. 2.
Philepitta jala, Schley. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422 ; Grandid. Bev. et May.

de Zool. 1867, p. 356 ; Schley, et Pollen, Faun. d. Madayasc. ii.

p. 87, pi. xxxi. ; Hartl. Die Vby. Madayasc. p. 160.
Philepitta castanea, Gray, Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297 ; Sharpe,P. Z. S.

1870, p. 396. 1872, p. 867 ; id. Cat. of African Bds. p. 54 ; Bartlett

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771; Milne-Edw. et Grandid. N. H Madayasc.

xii. p. 296, pis. 109. fig. 1 ($), 110 (tf).

Above and beneath uniform jet-black ; bend of tbe wing bright
yellow ; fleshy caruncle above the eye green ; bill and feet greyish
black : whole length 6*5 incbes, wing 3-2, tail 1 -7. Female. Above
olive-green, more yellowish on the rump : beneath olive-green,

PITTIDiE. 411

flammulated all over with pale yellowish ; no caruncle abovo the
eye. Young male. Black, all the feathers more or less margined with
yellow.

Hah. Madagascar.

a. § ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased.

b, c. S $ ad. ; d. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Sharpe Coll.
3 jr. sk. (Crossleg).

e. d . ad. ; /. tf Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Purchased.

jr sk. (Crosski/).

g. cJ ad. sk. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Salvin-Goduian Coll.

(Crossleg).

h. cJ jr. sk. Ankafana Forest, Betsilao, Rev. W. Deans

Madagascar. Cowan [C.].

2. Philepitta schlegeli.

Philepitta schlegeli, ScUeg. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422 ; Grandid. Rev. et
Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 356 ; Schleg. et Pollen, Faun, cle Madagasc.
ii. p. 88, pi. xxxii. ; Gray Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297 ; Hartl. Die
Vogel Madagasc. p. 163 ; Milne-Edio. et Grandid. N. H. Madagasc.
xii. p. 302, pis. 109. fig. 2 ($ ), 111 (d1).

Above yellowish olive-green ; head and nape black : beneath
bright yellosv ; large fleshy caruncle round the eye bluish green ;
bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1*6.
Female. Above olive-green, with white striations on head : beneath
yellowish ; no caruncle round the eye.

Hah. Madagascar.

a. c? ad. ; b. c? jr. sk. N.E. Madagascar (Van Dam). Purchased.

Family VII. PITTIDiE.

Dr. Cabanis, in the first part of his ' Ornithologische Notizen,' *
published in 1847, was the first author to suggest that, judged by its
outer conformation, Pitta (aloue among the Asiatic Ant-Thrushes)
should be excluded from the Oscinine series, but deferred the
positive settlement of the question until the structure of the organs
of the voice could be ascertained. This investigation Johannes
Miiller, who had expressly alluded to the importance of the point
in his great work on the vocal organs of the Passeres, was unablo
to undertake for want of specimens. And, although several authors
adopted Dr. Cabanis's suggestion and referred the Pittas to the

* Wiegmann's Arch. xiii. pi. 1. p. 216.

412 TITTID^!.

" Clamatores " or " Volucres," the question was not finally decided
until 1873, when our excellent anatomist Garrod obtained speci-
mens for dissection, which proved decisively that Pitta does not
belong to the Oscines *.

In 1876 Garrod obtained further specimens of Pitta, and de-
scribed and figured the formation of the trachea in detail t, and thus
finally closed the controversy, showing that Pitta is what he terms
" Mesomyodian," although it has a typical Oscinine tarsus.

The Pittidce are essentially a group of the Oriental Region,
numbering some 45 species. A single Pitta has intruded itself
into the centre of the ^Ethiopian Region, and several species occur
in the Australian Region, and extend the area of the group over New
Guinea to New Britain and Eastern Australia. An excellent article
on their distribution has been written by Mr. Wallace +.

The Pittas were monographed by Mr. Elliot in 1853, and the
greater number of them have been figured by Gould in his ' Birds of
Asia ' and ' Birds of New Guinea.' Gould also commenced a Mono-
graph of this brilliant group, of which, however, only one part had
been issued at the time of his decease §.

The Pittas build open nests, and lay spotted eggs. Some of these
have been figured by Miiller and Schlegel (Verhandl. Zool. Pitta,
tab. iii.) ; others have been described by Sharpe (P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 346), and Oates (B. Brit. Burm. vol. i. pp. 411-421).

Key to the Genera.

A. Frontal plumes recumbent ; tail shorter.

a. Bill longer, more compressed 1. Anthocincla, p. 412.

b. Bill shorter, less compressed.

a'. Tail shorter, more or less squared . . 2. Pitta, p. 413.
V. Tail longer, pointed 3. Eucichla, p. 445.

B. Frontal plumes short, erect ; tail longer . . 4. Coracopitta, p. 449.

1. ANTHOCINCLA.

Type.
Anthocincla, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xxxi. p. 343 (1862) A. phayrii.

The single species which constitutes this type may, I think, be
reasonably kept apart from Pitta on account of its longer and more
compressed bill, lengthened neck-feathers, shorter tarsi, and short
rounded wings. It seems to be peculiar to the Burmese provinces.
The sexes are nearly, but not quite, alike.

* See P. Z. S. 1873, p. 463.

t See P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 512-514.

\ Ibis, 1864, p. 100.

§ Monograph of the Piftida?, Part I., London, 1880.

2. pitta. 413

1. Anthocincla phayrii.

Anthocincla phayrii, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 343 ; id. B. Burm.

p. 100 ; Hume, Sir. F. hi. p. 109, pi. ii., et viii. p. 94 ; Hume #
Dav.Str. F. vi. p. 245; Bingham, ,Str. F. ix. pp. 177, 474: Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 420.

Above clear brown ; centre line of head, broadening on the nape,
black, bordered on each side with light brown ; long superciliaries,
widened behind the eye and much lengthened, white with black
edgings, bordered below by a black line which joins the nape ; wing-
feathers blackish ; wing-coverts brown, with black subapical cross
bands and bright rufous tips ; tail earthy brown : beneath clear
bright brown, with black spots on the sides of the throat and flanks ;
middle of throat white ; crissum dull pink ; bill black ; feet clear
brown : whole length 8-2 inches, wing 4, tail 2. Female similar,
but without the black on the head and nape, and much more spotted
beneath.

Hab. Tenasserim and Karen Hills.

a. $ ad. sk. Quaymooeky, Thoungyeen R., Hume Coll.

Tenasserim (C. T. Bing-
ham).

b. <$ ad. sk. Meplay River, Thoungyeen Hume Coll.

Valley, Tenasserim (C. T.

Bingham).
c 2 ad. sk. Meplay River, Thoungyeen R. B. Sharpe [P.].

Valley, Tenasserim (C. T.

Bingham).
d,e. ,5 $ ad. sk. Meplay River, Thoungyeen Purchased.

Valley, Tenasserini (C. T.

Bingham).

f. <S ad. sk. Sinzaway Forests, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

(C. T. Bingham).

g. S ad. sk. Dargwin, Salween District Hume Coll.

(W. Davison),
h. $ ad. sk. Wimpong, Thatone, Tenas- Hume Coll.

serim ( TV. Davison),
i. Ad. sk. Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Bam- Tweeddale Coll.

say).

2. PITTA*

Pitta Vieill. Analyse, p. 42 (1816) P. brachvura.

Myothera, Cuv. R'egn. An. i. p. 356 (1817) P. brachvura

Brachyurus, Thunb. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1821, p. 370. . P. brachvura!
Citta, Wag I. Sust. Ac, gen. Corvus (1827) (tiec Boie,

v l8f6) , • • rr V ■ ■ V P- toacbyura.

Faludicola, Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vi. p. 103

TJ^837A •■•,••;•; P. nipalensis.

Hydromis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xii. p. 960(1843) P. nipalensis

Heleornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844) P. nipalensis'

Gigantipitta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 (1854) P carulea

Erythropitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. mackloti.

* Cf. as to this name, Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 260.

414 riTTrD.a3.

Type.

Iridipitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. baudii.

Melanopitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) P. cucullata.

Coloburis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 3 (1859) . . P. strepitaus.
Phoenicocichla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5 (1859) P. granatina.

Leucopitta, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413 P. cyanea.

Cervinipitta, Elliot, ibid. P. moluccensis.

Purpureipitta, Elliot, op. cit. p. 416 P. venusta.

Cyanopitta, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pi. 8 (1880) P. steerii.

Man}- generic terms, as will be seen, have been proposed for the
different sections of the Pittas. But I think it preferable to keep
them under one genus, which for the purpose of study may be divided
into two divisions and nine sections, as follows : —

Div. A. PlTT^E ABEBItANTES.

Size large : crissum not scarlet.

a. Size large: predominant colour brown : sexes similar. (Hydrornis.)

p. 414.

b. Size very large : back of male blue, of female chestnut : sexes

different. (Giya?itipitta.) p. 416.

e. Size moderate : back blue, duller in female ; beneath cross-banded ;

tail rather elongated : sexes slightly different. (Leucopitta.) p. 417.

Div. B. PlTTiE TYPICiE.

Size moderate (except in Calopitta) : crissum scarlet
(except in Iridipitta).

d. Size large : upper surface black ; breast white ; crissum scarlet

sexes alike. (Calopitta.) p. 419.

e. Cap browu, with a black mesial stripe ; lesser wing-coverts and rump

blue; breast fawn-colour ; crissum scarlet: sexes similar. (Pitta.)

p. 419.

f. Whole abdomen crimson ; bright superciliary stripe pale blue : sexes

similar. (Pkamicocichla.) p. 429.

y. Whole abdomen scarlet ; breast-band blue ; head brownish red ; no .

bright superciliary stripe : sexes similar. (Erythropitta.) p. 432.
h. Back bright green, with a rump-band of shining blue ; head black or

chestnut surrounded by black ; crissum scarlet : sexes similar.

(Melanopitta.) p. 438.

i. Cap bright blue ; back crimson ; throat white ; crissum not scarlet :

sexes different. (Iridipitta.) p. 444.

a. Size large : predominant colour brown : sexes similar.
(Hydrornis.)

Key to the Species.

A. Nape blue :

) belly uniform brown 1. nepalensis, p. 414.

) belly whitish in middle 2. soror, p. 415.

B. Nape deep brown 3. oatesi, p. 416.

1. Pitta nipalensis.

Paludicola nipalensis, Hodys. J. A. S. B. vi. p. 103 (1837).
Heleornis (Paludicola) nipalensis, Ilodqs. in Gray's Zaol. Misc. p. 83
(1844).

Z. PITTA. 4] 5

Pitta nipalensw, Gray Gen. B. i. p. 214 ; id. Cat. Mamm. &■ Birds

%*&$ cJTii T.t mt-a- 8- R p- ™*££
^^^^.^^•^ p-153: * ^ >■

Gig-antipitta nepaleusis, 2?jp. Cbwap. FbZ. ^Imsod. p. 7.

iirac ivurus (Gigantipiffca) nepalensis, Elliot, Mm. Pitt. pi. iii.

Hydrornis mpalensis, Jfr* J?. J„tf. i. p. 502 2%*A, B. Bunny, 97 ■

Pitta nuchalis, 2%*A, J! A. S. B. xi. p. 188.

sid^TVS gr?eD!fh 5 krgt 11UChal pateh blue J front> c«'wu, and
side, of head pale brown, whiter on lores; wings blackish ed-ed
with pale brown; tail dull greenish: beneath brown, rather more
buffyon the middle of the belly; throat whitish; bill b acS •
feet brown : whole length 10 inches, wing 4-S. tail 2-7 tarsi 2-2

&£g*!X%ir* llgbter' and dense* c—d **

Hab. From Nepal, through Assam and Khasia Hills, to Pegu.
«,"J.c?$ad.st, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

c-f. Ad.sk. Nepal. B^.' Hodgson, Esq.

'' Jr sk ; ^ L NatiVe Sikhim (Z" MandeM). liume CoU.

j' ad. f „«' id?; SikMm (Z" **"■*»■>■ Hume Coll.

«', 6'. Jr. sk.

d'-t^t' ,- Tl. nm-gbre' Da^'eeIlu&- Hume Coll.

sk Darjeelmg. Hume CoU.

f '^Ad" si- Sw D?frS (L-Mandelli). Hume Coll.

»'' Ad sk 5 .°, -1 ^ (Z". ^"^0- Hume Coll.

" a? i SadhyiS («£ CocUurn). Hume Coll

p. Jr. sk. Dibrughur (J. i?. (J-mmw). Hume Coll

"fid** ^ACa ^i). Recoil,

r. Afl. sk. Mampur (A. O. Hume). Hume Coll

' J "l- ?:• f>Tn ™*/«)- Tweeudale Coll.

, «. Att. sk. Cachar {Constable). Gould Coll

V «'' kAA £arenn£e ( Wardlaw Samsay). Tweeddale Coll.

-' ' Jr' si- T^eV PegU- E- W- Oates rp.l.

~. Ji.sk ind]a. Gould Coll. ' J

2. Pitta soror.

Pitta (Hydrumis) soror, Wardkm-Ramsay, Ibis, 1881, p. 496.
Like the young of P. nipalmsis, but smaller, tarsi more slender-
X aofSlSbl°unegly tUlged ^ ^ greeD' -** **> a — ai

416 PITTID.ffi.

Hob. Saigon (?).

It is not possible to express any opinion on this species until the
receipt of further specimens.

a. Jr. sk. Saigon F Tweeddale Coll.

(Type of the species. )

3. Pitta oatesi.

Hydrornis oatesi, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 477, et viii. p. 93 ; Wald. in
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 98 ; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 237 ; Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 411 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v.
p. 573 (Tenasserim).

Above dull green ; whole head and nape rich rufous ; wings
blackish, with pale brownish edgings ; tail brown, tinged with pale
greenish : beneath rich rufous, passing into deep buff on the middle
of belly and crissum ; middle of throat whitish ; bill horn-colour ;
feet pale brown : whole length 9*5 inches, wing 4*7, tail 2*5, tarsi 2.
Female similar, but paler beneath.

Hab. Pegu and Tenasserim.

a, b. S 2 ad. Eastern slopes of Pegu hills. E. W. Oates [C.].

sk.

e. rf ad. ; d. Eastern Pegu hills (E. W. Oates). Hume Coll.

Ad. sk.

e. $ ad.sk. Mooleyit, Tenasserim( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

/. c? ad. ; q. Assoon, Tenasserim ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

2 ad. sk.

/*. 2 ad. sk. Assoun, Tenasserim (Limbory). Tweeddale Coll.

i. 2 ad. ; /. 2 Thoungyah, Tenasserim {J. Dar- Hume Coll.

jr. sk. linij).

k-r. S ad. ; Meetan, Tenasserim ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

s-a'. $ ad. sk.

b. Size very large : back of male blue, of female chestnut.
(Gir/antipitta.)

Although obviously allied to the birds of the previous section, this
fine bird seems entitled to stand alone.

4. Pitta caerulea.

Myiothera cterulea, Baffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 301 (1822).
Pitta caerulea, Via. Mem. Raffles, p. 659 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ;

Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 156 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B.

E. 1. C. p. 181 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273 ; Schley. Voy. Ned.

Lid, Pitta, p. 2, pi. i. figs. 1, 2, 3 ; id. Mus. F.-B. Pitta, 1863,

p. 1, 1874, p. 4; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108; Hume et Dav. Str. F.

vi. p. 238 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 81 ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88.
Hydrornis caerulea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 5.
Erachyurus cseruleus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 253 1 Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 412.
Gigantipitta caerulea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Oates, B. Brit.

Burm. i. p. 413.

2. PITTA. 417

Pitta gigas, Mull. 8f Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14 ; Temm. PI. Col.

217 (1823) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394.
Brachyurus davisoni, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 321.

Above bright blue ; back of head, nape and neck black ; front,
lores, and sides of head whitish ashy ; wings black, more or less
edged with blue ; tail blue : beneath pale cinereous, with a strong
buffy tinge on the belly which becomes nearly white in the middle ;
irregular and half-concealed guttural collar black ; bill blackish ;
feet pale brown : whole length 12 inches, wing 6, tail 2-8, tarsi 2-5.
Female similar, but back and wing-coverts chestnut-brown, and head
buffy greyish, with numerous black cross bands, and a black collar
on the back of the neck.

Hub. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Or-c. c? ad. ; d. 2 Bankasoon, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

ad. sk. Davison).

e. $ ad. st. Malacca {Cantor). India Museum.

/. 2 ad' st. Malacca. Purchased.

g. Jr. sk. Mn\eicc&{Wardlaiv Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.

h. J ad. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll.

hj- 6 $ ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C.].

k. 3 ad.sk. Malacca ( Wallace) . Gould Coll.

I. 2 ad. sk. Malacca. Gould Coll.

m. $ ad. sk. Malacca {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

n. d ad. sk. Malacca {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

o, p. <5 2 ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Pinwill [P.],

q. c? ad. sk. Sumatra {Raffles). India Museum.

r, s. <$ 2 ad. st, Sumatra {Raffles). Zool. Soc. Coll.

c. Size moderate ; back blue, duller in female ; beneath cross-
banded ; tail rather elongated. {Leucopitta.)

This is also a peculiar and somewhat isolated form, in many
respects approaching Anihocincla. Its tail is rather longer than in
most Pittce, but not sufficiently so, in my opinion, to render it
advisable to remove it to Euchhla.

5. Pitta cyanea.

Pitta cyanea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 1008 (1843), xvi. p. 153; id.

Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 157 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213, pi. 55 ; Gould,

B. Asia, v. pi. 80 ; Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F.I. C. p. 182 ;

Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108 ; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 238 ; Hume,

Str. F. viii. p. 93 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 473.
Brachyurus cyaneus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; id. B. Brit.

Burm. p. 98 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 253 ; Elliot, Man. Pitt. pi. xiii. ;

id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413 ; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 107.
Gigantipitta cyanea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Eucichla cyanea, Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 419 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus.

Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. p. 575 (Tenasserim).
Pitta gigas, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 961 (jr.).

VOL. XIV. 2 E

418

Above bright blue ; wings ashy, more or less edged with blue ;
tail blue ; crown brownish grey, with a narrow black vertical stripe ;
nape scarlet ; lores and line through the eye to the nape black :
beneath pale bluish, thickly covered with black shaft-spots ; chin
and middle of throat buft'y white, sides of throat black, with small
white spots ; middle of belly and crissum whitish ; under wing-
coverts and band across the inner webs of the primaries at their
base white ; bill black ; feet pale brown : whole length 8-5 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 2-3, tarsi 1*7. Female similar but duller, and back
dull cinereous tinged with bluish.

Hab. Bhotan, Burmah, and Siam.

Bliotan. India Museum.

Arracan. As. Soc. Beng. [P.].

Eastern Pegu Hills (E. TV. Hume Coll.

Oates).
Eastern Pegu Hills. E. W. Oates [P.].

Pahpoon, Tenasserim (TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Dargwin, Tenasserim (TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Beeliug, Tenasserim (TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Thamban, Tenasserim (TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Thenganee Sakan, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

(TV. Davison).
Assoon, Tenasseiim ( TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Mooleyit, Tenasserim ( TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Meetan, Tenasserim (TV. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Amherst, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Sinzaway Forest, Tenasserim Hume Coll.
(TV. Davison).
})'. J ad. sk. Houngtkraw River, Tenas- Hume Coll.

serim (TV. Davison),
q'. 2 J1'- si:- Thoungyeen River (C. T. Hume Coll.

Bingham),
r'. 5 ad. sk. Thoungyeen Forest (C. T. Hume Coll.

Bingham).
t'. c? ad. ; u'- Kaukaryit, Tenasserim (J. Hume Coll.
Darling).
Tkoungyah, Tenasserim (J. Hume Coll.

Darling).

a. 2 ad. sk.

b. c5 ad. sk.

c. S ad. ; d, e. §
ad. sk.

/, [I- S 2 ad. sk.
h. (S ad.; i,j. $

ad! sk.
k. <S ad. sk.

I. (J ad. sk.

vi. J ad. sk.

n-q. S ad. ; r, s.

$ ad. sk.
t, u. $ ad.

$ ad.sk.
z. cj' ad.; a'.

ad. sk.
b'~d". S ad- ; e.',
/'. $ ad. sk.
g'-f. cJ ad. ; k'-

n' . $ ad. sk.
o'. 2 ad. sk.

v-tj.
?

cJ ad. ; u'-
w'. 2 ad. sk.
• 6 ad. ; ?/', z',
2 ad.; a". 2
jr. sk.
'. 2 ad. sk.
'. 2 ad.; d".
Ad. sk.
'. 2 ad. sk.

/'. Ad. sk.

Moulmein (R. C. Beavan).
Karen Hills ( Wardlaw

Ramsay).
Tonghoo, Burmah (Wardlaw

Ramsay).
Siam.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Goidd Coll.

2. PITTA. 419

d. Size large : upper surface black ; breast white. (Calopilta.)

This is perhaps the finest and most brilliant form of the whole
group ; and, though allied to the next section, must staud alone.

6. Pitta maxima.

Pitta maxima, MiUl. et Schleq. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14 ; Gray, Gen.

B. i. p. 213 ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351 ; Westerman, Bijdr. t. d.

Dierk. i. p. 45, Pitta, pi. 1 ; Schleg. Handl. t. d. Dierk.' \. p. 253,

Aves, pi. 2. fig. 21 : id. Vog. Ned. hid. Pitta, p. 4, pi. i. fig. 4 ; id.

Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 2 (1863), et p. 4 (1874) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr.

Dierk. iii. p. 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1859, p. 112, 1860, p. 197, 1864,

pp. 103, 105, 108; Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. p. 373; Salvad.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 772, xvi. p. 184 ; id. Om. Pap.

ii. p. 378 ; Gould, B. New Gain. pt. ii. pi. 5.
Brachvurus maximus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 253; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. xii. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413.
Gigantipitta maxima, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Leucopitta maxima, Gould, Mon. Pitt. pi. 7.

Above velvety black ; wings black, with a white band across the
primaries ; wing-coverts bright blue ; secondaries edged with green ;
tail black : beneath white, chin and sides of throat black : middle of
belly and crissum crimson ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ;
feet brown : whole length 11 inches, wing 5-5, tail 3, tarsus 2*5.
Female similar.

Hub. Gilolo.

a, b. 3 2 ad. ; Gilolo. A. R. Wallace [C.].

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk. Gilolo ( Wallace). Purchased.

e. 3 ad. sk. Gilolo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Gilolo. Gould Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Gilolo ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

e. Cap brown, with a black mesial stripe ; lesser wing-coverts
and rump blue ; breast fawn-colour ; crissum scarlet : sexes
similar. (Pitta.)

Key to t7ie Section.

A. Upper wing-coverts and rump dark purplish

blue.

J Bill smaller 7. cyanoptera, p. 420.

| Bill larger 8. meyarhyncha, p. 421.

B. Upper wing-eo verts and rump bright light blue.

a. Throat white.

a'. Whole belly scarlet 9. angolensis, p. 422.

b'. Only middle of belly scarlet.

a". Wings tipped with white 10. brachyura, p. 423.

b". "Wings not tipped with white.
«'". Breast pale greenish grey :
crown brown, with a black mesial
stripe :

I chin white 11. nympha, p. 425.

) chin blackish 12. bertce, p. 425.

2 e 2

420

b'"' Breast deep ochraceous, crown

black 13. vigorsi, p. 426.

b. Throat black.

c'. Smaller : centre of crown black.

c". Superciliaries broad, brown 14. concinna, p. 426.

d". Superciliaries narrow, yellowish.

j Bill thinner 15. irena, p. 427.

| Bill thicker 16. crassirostris, p. 427.

d'. Larger: crown deep brown, with a

black mesial stripe 17. slrepita?is, p. 428.

7. Pitta cyanoptera.

Merle des Moluques, Daub. PL Enl. 257 (?).

Tardus moluccensis, P. L. S. Mutt. Nafursyst., SuppL p. 144 (1776).
Tardus macrourus fasciatus, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 16 (1783).
Corvus brachyurus, var. S. madagascariensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 376

(1788).
Myiothera brachyura, Baffi. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 300 Q822).
Pitta cyanoptera, Temm. PL Col. 218 (1823) ; Vig. Mem. Raffl.
p. 659 (1830) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394 (1831) ; Mull, et Schl. Verh.
Zool. Pitta, pp. 7, 17; G. P. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Low,
Sarawak, p. 410 ; Blyth, Cat. Mus. A. S. p. 157 ; Moore, P. Z. S.
1854, p. 274 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. C. i. p. 183 ;
Mottl. et Dillw. Contr. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 22 ; Schlegel, Vog.
Ned. Lid. Pitta, pp. 9, 32, pi. 4. fig. 1 (1863) ; id. Mus. de Pays-
Bas, Pitta, p. 9 (1863), et p. 15 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864,
pp. 105, 110; Walden, P.Z. S. 1866, p. 545; Beavan, Ibis, 1870,
p. 322 (Moulmein) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1871, p. 248 ; id. Aft. B. A. Sc.
Tor. ix. p. 631; id. Ucc. d. Borneo, p. 235; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879,
p. 262 (Borneo) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88 (Borneo).
Coloburis cyanoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Pitta malaccensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 960 (1843).
Brachyurus malaccensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254.
Coloburis malaccensis, Cab. et Hein. 3Ius. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Brachyurus cyanopterus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153 (1847) ;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 254 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Elliot, Man.
Pitt. pi. iv.
Pitta nympha, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, pp. 412, 414 ; id. P. Z. S. 1863,

p. 277 (Anioy).
Pitta moluccensis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 374; Oates, Str. Feath. v.
p. 149 ; id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 415 ; Hume et Dav. Str. Feath.
vi. p. 240; Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 94; Kelham, Ibis, 1881,
p. 509 ; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 144 (S. China).
Brachyurus moluccensis, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413 ; Hume, Str. Feath.
iii. p. 106; Blyth et Walden, B. Burma, p. 98; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877,
p. 10 (Borneo).

Above dark green ; cap brown, with a dark vertical stripe ; sides
of head, united on the nape, black ; rump brilliant blue : wings
black, crossed by a broad white band which occupies the further
half of the primaries : lesser wing-coverts and edges of secondaries
bright blue like the rump ; tail black, tipped with blue : beneath
deep fawn-colour, throat white, middle of belly and crissum crimson ;

2. PITTA.

421

under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet brown : wbole length
7-3 inches, wing 4*6, tail 1*5, tarsus 1*5. Female similar.

Hub. Burmah, Siam, Southern China, Malay peninsula, and
Borneo.

a. Ad. sk.

b. d ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d-ff. d ad. ; h. $

ad. sk.
i,j. Ad. ; k, I. Jr.

sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n, o. rf 2 ad. sk.
p. Jr. sk.
q. $ ad. sk.
r-t. <S ad. ; u-

w. 2 ad. ; x.

<$ jr. sk.
y-d'. 3 ad. sk.

e'-f. S ad. ; g'-

f. $ ad. sk.
k'-e". J ad. ;/"-

p". 2 ad. sk.
q"-v". rf ad. ; w"f

x". 2 ad. sk.
y". d ad. •■". 2

ad. ; a3. 2 jr. sk.
P-g\ J ad.;

A3-£3. 2 ad. sk.
Z3. Ad. sk.
m3. Ad. sk.
n3. Ad. sk.
o3. 2 ad. sk.
p3. Ad. sk.
q3. Ad. sk.
?-3. Ad. sk.
s3. Ad. sk.
t3. Ad. sk.
m3. Ad. sk.
v3, w3. cJ 2 ad. sk.
x3. Ad. sk.

Thayetmyo, Pegu.
Thayetmyo ( Wardlaw

Ramsay').
Thayetmyo.
Tonghoo, Pegu (Wardl.

Ramsay).

Bangoon (J. Armstrong).
Bangoon ( Wardl. Rams.).
Salween r. (Beavan).
Salween r. (Bingham).
Amherst, Teuasserim ( W.
Davison).

Tavoy, Tenasserim (W.

Davison).
Shymotee, Tenasserim ( W.

Davison).
Bankasoon, Tenasserim ( W.

Darison).
Eaukaryit, Tenasserim (J.

Darling).
Kaukaryit, Tenasserim

{Bingham).
Kossoom (J. Darling).

Penang (Cantor).

Penang.

Penang.

Malacca (Davison).

Siam.

Cambodia.

Labuan.

Lahuan (Loio).

N.W. Borneo.

Borneo.

Bintulu, Borneo (Everett).

Borneo.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

E. W. Oates [C.].

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.
India Museum
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould CoU.
Purchased.
Tweeddale ColL
B. B. Sharpe \V.\
Sir H. Low [C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Bajah Brooke [P.].

8. Pitta megarhyncha.

Pitta megarhyncha, Schl. Voq. Ned. Ind. p. 11, pi. 4. fig. 2 ; id.

Mus. P.-B.' Pitta, p. 9 (1863), et p. 16 (1874) ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870,

p. 414, pi. xii. ; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 242 ; Hume, Str. F.

viii. p. 94 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 416 ; Gould, B. Asia, v.

pi. 70.
Brachyurus megarhynchus, Hums, Sir. F. ii. p. 475 ; Wald. in

Blyth, B. Burm. p. 98.

422 pittidjs.

Similar to P. eyanoptera, but with a much larger bill.
Hah. Tenasserim and Malay peninsula.

a. Ad. sk. Rangoon. E. W. Oates [C.].

b. cJ ad. ; c. $ Amherst, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
jr. sk. Davison).

d. c? ad. sk. Skymootee, Tavoy ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

son).

e. S ad. sk. Malewoon, Tanasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).

f. 2 ad. sk. Choulai Creek, Mergui ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).

g. J ad. sk. Wippitan, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison),
h, i. 2 ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah (J. Hume Coll.

Darling).
j-1: <3 ad.; m. $ Kossoom (/. Darling). Hume Coll.

ad. sk.
n. $ ad. sk. Kossoom (J. Darling). Gould Coll.

o,p. J ad. sk. Johore, Malay Peninsida ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).

9. Pitta angolensis.

Pitta angolensis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iv. p. 35G (1816) ; id. Ene. Meth,
p. 685 ; Hartl. Orn. West-Afr. p. 74 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ;
Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 46; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 12
(1863), et p. 15 (1874) ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105 ; Sharpe, Ibis,
1869, p. 187 (Fantee) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 56 (Gold Coast)v

Brackvurus angolensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; id. C'onsp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. v. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 414.

Pitta pulih, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 190 ; Allen $ Thorns. Niger
Exp. ii. p. 495 ; MM. $ Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 18.

Above dark green ; broad vertical band black, bordered on each
side by a light brown stripe, which passes into whity-brown on the
lengthened superciliari.es ; sides of head black ; wings and tail
blackish ; wing-coverts greenish, with broad terminations of bright
blue ; rump bright blue : beneath cinereous fawn-colour, throat
white ; belly scarlet ; under wing-coverts and under surface of
wings black, with a white cross band on the inner webs of the
wing-feathers ; bill black ; feet yellow : whole length 7-5 inches,
wing 4-3, tail 1*7. Female similar.

Hab. Tropical Africa.

The occurrence of a single typical Pitta in Africa is one of the
most remarkable facts in geographical distribution, all the remain-
ing species being exclusively Oriental and Australian forms.

R. B. Sharpe.
R. B. Sharpe.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Purchased.

a, b. Ad. sk.

Fantee (Swanzy).

c. Jr. sk.

"NVassau (Blissett).

d. Ad. sk.

Ashanti.

e. Ad. sk.

W. Africa.

/. Ad. sk.

W. Africa.

g. Ad. st.

W. Africa.

2. PTTTA. 423

10. Pitta brachyura.

The Short-tailed Pye, Edwards, Glean, hi. p. 242, t. 324.

Corvus brachyurus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 158 ; Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 166

(partini) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 394.
Pitta brachyura, Boyle, III. Lot. Himal. pi. 7. fig. 3; Gray, III.

Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 35. fig. 2 ; Jerdon, Madras Journ. x, p. 25 ;

Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. p. 122 ; Layard, Ann. N. H. ser. 2,

xii. p. 269 (Ceylon) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Franklin, P. Z. S.

1830-31, p. 117; Gould, Cent Him. B. pi. 23; Eyton, P. Z. S.

1839, p. 104 (Malacca) ; Mull, et Schleq. Verh. Pitta, p. 17 ;

Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 445 (Ceylon) ; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 18

(Ceylon) ; Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 213 (Godavery).
Citta brachyura, Wagl. Syst. Av. (Corvus).
Coloburis brachyura, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Corvus brachyurus, var. bengalensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 376.
Pitta bengalensis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 685; Stephens; Gen. Zool.

xiii. pt. 2, p. 183 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mm. F-I- C. i. p. 184 ;

Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105 ; Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p. 503 ; id. Ibis,

1872, p. 133 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 64 ; id, Mm. Pitt. pi. i. ;

Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 410 (Kattiawar) ; Schlegel, Mas. P.-B- Pitta,

p. 15 (1874) ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepaid, p. 40 (1863) ;

Set. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 696.
Brachyurus bengalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.

p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. vi.
Pitta brachycerca, Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 290 (Ceylon).
Turdus triostegus, Sparmm. Mm. Carls, pi. 84.
Pitta triostegus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 157 ; Adams, P. Z. S.

1858, p. 489.
Le breve de Malacca, Sonnerat, Vory. ii. p. 190.
Turdus rnalaccensis, Scop. Eel. Faun, e}- Flor. Ins. ii. p. 95.
Pitta rnalaccensis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 12.
Citta abdominalis, Wagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 15.
Citta superciliaris, Wagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 17.
Turdus coronatus, P. L. S. Mull, Naturs., Suppl, p. 144 (?).
Pitta coronata, Hume, Nests S,- Egg.< Ind, B. p. 224 ; Ball, Str. F.

ii. p. 400 (Chota Nagnur). et v. p. 4.16 (Centr. Ind.) ; Butler

$ Hume, Str. F.m. p.' 470 (Mt. Aboo) ; Fairbank, Str. F. iv.

p. 257 (Khandala): Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 687.
Brachyurus coronatus, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 414.

Above green ; vertical band black, bordered on each side by a
broad stripe of pale yellowish brown ; narrow superciliaries bufty
white, produced on the nape into pale bluish lateral tufts ; sides of
head black ; wings black, with a broad white basal band, and with
broad white tips to the remiges ; lesser wing-coverts and rump
bright light blue ; greater wing-coverts green like the back :
beneath deep fawn-colour ; throat white ; middle of belly and
erissum scarlet; under wing-coverts black, with a white patch ;
under surface of wings black, with a broad white basal band ; bill
blackish, with a light culmen : feet yellowish : whole length
7'inches, wing 4, tail 1*5. Female similar.

Hab. Indian peninsula, Ceylon, Assam, Arracan, and Tenasserim.

424

a, b. tf ad. ; c. ?
ad. sk.

d. 5 ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.

/, jr. (J ad. sk.
h, i. Ad. sk.

j. Ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk.

/. <3 ad. sk.

m. 5 ad. sk.
n. c? ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.
p. (j ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
8. Ad. sk.
t. <$ ad. ; m-a\
Ad.; y,z, Jr.sk.
a'. $ ad. sk.
b'. Jr. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.

d'. (J ad. sk.
e'. 2 ad- sk.
/. £ ad. sk.
jr', h'. Ad. sk.
?'. Ad. sk.
j'-q'. c?ad.; r'-w'.

$ ad. sk.
x'. 2 ad. sk.
y'. j ad. sk.
z'. c? ad. sk.
«". S ad. ; 6''. $

ad. sk.
c". Ad. sk.
d", e". Ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
ff". d ad. ; h", i".

$ ad. ; j"t k".

Ad. sk. '
l"-o". Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
q". Ad. sk.

r". (3 ad. sk.

s". Ad. sk.

t", u". 2 ad. ; v".

Ad. sk.
w". 2 ad. sk.

#". Ad. sk.

y". Ad. sk.

Anadra, Mt. Aboo.

Simla.
Kangra,
Bareilly.
Bekar.

Assam.

Lower Hills, Sikkim (L. Man
delli).

Goda very Valley (TV. T. B lan-
ford).

Godavery Valley.

Ungull, Orissa.

Mysore.

Sanibulpur.

Coorg.

Mailgkat forests, Berar.

Baipur,

Baipur.
Seoni district.

Dkulia, Kbandeish (J. David-
son).
Ahmednugger (Fail-bank).
Mahabaleshwar (Fairbank).
Khandala (Fairbank).
Calicut (Harris).
Calicut.
Belgaum [E. A. Butler).

Seegore ( TV. Davison).
Ootacamund ( TV. Davison).
Coonoor, Nilgherries.
Goodalore, Wynaad.

Malabar.
Madras.
Madras.
Madras.

Madras.

Anjango, Travancore.

Travancore.

Mynall, Travancore.
Eridge, Travancore.
Ceylon.

Bantura, Ceylon.

Ceylon.

Ceylon.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Binwill Coll.
Hume Coll.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

[P."!.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.

,- Hume Coll.

W. T. Blanford [C.].
Hume Coll.
W. Davison [C.].
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Swinlioe Coll.
Swinlioe Coll.
Swinboe Coll.
Swinboe Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
W. Davison [C.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Dr. Jerdon [P.].
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.

Bev.H.H.Baber[C.].

Hume Coll.

F. W. Bourdillon

[0.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Capt. W. V. Legge

[C.].
Capt. W. V. Legge

fol.
T. Tbwaites, Esq.

[C.].

z"-c3. Ad. sk.

Ceylon (S. Chapman).

d3~g3. Ad. sk.

Ceylon {Neville).

h3-f. Ad. sk.

India.

k3. Ad.sk.

India.

P. Ad. st.

India.

2. pitta. 425

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
India Museum.
Purchased.

11. Pitta nympha.

Pitta nympha, Temm. et Schleg. Faun. Jap., Aves, Suppl. t. A ; Wal-
lace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105 ; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 730.

Brachyums nympha, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. viii. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.

Pitta oreas, Swinh. Ibis, 1864, p. 428 (Formosa); id. P. Z. S. 1865,
p. 678, 1871, p. 375 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 408 ; Gould, B. Asia,
v. pi. 65 ; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 153.

Brachyurus oreas, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 415, pi. xiii. fig. 1.

Above dark green ; crown brown, with a narrow black mesial
stripe, and black sides of the head, which unite in the black nape ;
broad superciliaries pale yellowish fawn-colour, continued on to the
nape ; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue ; remiges
black, with a broad white transverse band ; larger coverts and
secondaries green like the back : beneath pale greenish buff ; throat
white ; middle of abdomen and erissum scarlet ; tail black, with a
blue tip ; bill black ; feet pale : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4*7,
tail 1-6.

Hab. Tsusima Island, Gulf of Corea, N". China, and Formosa.

Pitta nympha was based by Temm. & Schlegel upon a Japanese
drawing. Swinhoe obtained a single specimen as a cage bird at
Chefoo, and many specimens have lately been procured by Mr.
Jouy in Tsusima Island in the Straits of Corea, from one of which,
kindly lent to me by Mr. Jouy, the accompanying description has
been taken.

I cannot separate P. oreas of Formosa from P. nympha. The
species is at once recognizable amongst its congeners by the very
palo fawn-colour, with a greenish tinge, of the body below.

a. $ ad. sk. Chefoo, China (Swinhoe). H. Seehohm, Esq. [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Formosa (Sivinhoe). H. Seebohm, Esq. (Type

of P. oreas.)

12. Pitta bertae.

Pitta bertaj, Salvad. Att. Ac. Sc. Tor. iii. p. 527 (1868) ; id. Ibis,
1871, p. 248; id. Ucc. Bom. p. 237, pi. iii.; Elliot, Ibis, 1870,
p. 409 ; Gray, Hand-l. iii. p. 192.

Pitta oreas, Sharjje, Ibis, 1879, p. 263 (Borneo).

Similar to P. nympha, but with the chin blackish, and the sides
of the crown of a deeper colour.

Hab. Northern Borneo.

Mr. Sharpe has united P. berta to P. oreas of Formosa. I cannot
separate the latter from P. nympha, and P. bertae comes certainly

426 PITTID^E.

very close ; but I should like to see a better series from Borneo before
I join together two species from such different localities.

a. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Sir II. Low [C.].

13. Pitta vigorsi.

Pitta brachyura, Viy. et Horsf. Trans. Linn. Sue. xv. p. 218 (1826) ;

Meyer, Sitz. Isis, 1884, p. 43 (Dammar),
ritta'vigorsi, Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 2 ; id. Intr. B. Austr. p. 54 ;

id. Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 527 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Mull. 8f

Schl. Verh. Pitta, p. 17 ; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1802, p. 188; id. Ibis,

1864, pp. 104, 100 ; Schley. Voy. Ned. hid. Pitta, p. 14, pi. 3. tig. 4 ;

id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 11 (1803), etp. 15 (1874) ; Meyer, Zeitschr.

yes. Orn. 1884, p. 210 (Tiiuor-laut) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.

Genoa, xvi. p. 185 ; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 392 ; id. P. Z. S. 1884,

p. 579 (Timor-laut).
Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.

p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. vii. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.
Coloburis vigorsi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hem. ii. p. 4.

Above dark green ; crown, sides of head, and nape black, traversed
by two long superciliary stripes from the front to nape, which aro
pale fawn-colour tinged with bluish ; remiges black, with a broad
white cross-baud : larger coverts and secondaries green, like the
back ; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue : beneath
deep ochraceous, throat whitish ; centre of abdomen and crissum
scarlet, darker and mixed with black on the abdomen ; tail black,
tipped with blue ; bill black ; feet pale : whole length 6-7 inches,
wing 4"4, tail 1*7.

Hub. Banda Islands, and Timor-laut.

A very distinct species, easily known by its black crown and deep
ochraceous colour below.

a. Ad. sk. East Indies. Linn. Soc. ColL

(Type of the species.)

b. $ ad. sk. Banda. A. R. Wallace, Esq.

14. Pitta concinna.

Pitta concinna, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 65 ; id. B. Neiv Guinea,
pt. ix. pi. 6 ; Schley. Voy. Ned. hid. Pitta, p. 12, pi. 3. fig. 1 ;
id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1863), et p. 14 (1874); Wallace,
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 ; id. Ibis, 1864, p. 106.

Pitta mathilda, Verreavx, Rev. Zool. 1857, p. 303, pi. xi.

Brachyurus concinnus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. x. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.

Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 (err.).

Above dark green, crown, sides of the head, and nape black ; broad
superciliaries from front to over the eye light brown, behind the eye
narrowed, pale bluish ; remiges black, with a small white speculum ;•
larger coverts and secondaries green, like the back ; smaller coverts
and rump bright blue ; tail black, tipped with greenish : beneath
pale fawn-colour : throat black, projected in the middle line down
the neck ; middle of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and varied with

2. PITTA. 427

black in the centre of the abdomen ; under -wing-coverts black ;
bill black ; feet pale brown : whole length 6-3 inches, wing 4,
tail 1*4. Female similar.

Hub. Lombock and Flores.

The broad brown superciliary stripe from the front to the eye,
where it passes into very palo shining blue, distinguishes this
species.

a. tf ad. ; Lombock. A. R, Wallace [C.].

b. Ad. sk.

c, d. Ad. sk. Lombock ( Wallace). Gould Coll.

e. 2 ad. sk. Lombock ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

/. Ad. st. Lombock {Wallace). Purchased.

g. Jr. sk. Flores. Purchased.

15. Pitta irena.

Le Merle vert des Moluques, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 316.

Merle de Bengale, Daub. PL Enl. 258 (?).

Turdus coronatus, Mull. Naturs., Suppl. p. 144 (?)

Morula (Corvus) brachyurus, Bocld. Table d. PI. Enl. p. 10 (?).

Pitta coronata, Gray, Hand-l. i. p.-"294.

Breve irene, Temm. PI. Col. 591 (183(3).

Pitta irena, Temm. ibid. ; id. Tabl. Meth. p. 16 (1838) ; MM. Verh.

Ethn. p. 172 ; Mull. # Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 12, 17 ; Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1861, p. 350, et 1864, p. 100 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 (Timor) ; Sah-ad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, xvi.

p. 185 ; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 390.
Pitta elegans, Temm. PL Col. text to pi. 591.
Brachyurus irena, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ;

Elliot, Mon. Pitta, pi. xi. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.
Pitta brachyura. Gray, Gen. B. p. 213 ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351 ;

Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 189 ; id. Voq. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 13,

pi. 3." figs. 2, 3; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 1*1 (1863), et p. 14 (1874).

Above dark green ; crown, sides of the head, and nape black ;
superciliaries from front to nape rather narrow7, of equal width
throughout, pale yellowish ; remiges black, with a white speculum ;
secondaries and greater coverts green, like the back ; lesser coverts
and rump bright blue ; tail black, tipped with green : beneath
fawn-colour ; throat black, projected in the centre on the neck ;
centre of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and mixed with black in
the middle of the abdomen ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ;
feet pale brown : wholo length 6-5 inches, wing 4-3, tail 1-5.

Hub. Timor.

The narrow, uniformly coloured, light yellow superciliaries are the
principal distinctions between this species and P. concinna.

a. Ad. sk. Timor (v. Lansberg). Leyden Mus. [E.].

16. Pitta crassirostris.

Pitta crassirostris, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 188, 339 ; id. Ibis,

1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus crassirostris, Elliot, Mon. Pitt., Intr. p. 16.
Pitta magnirostris, Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188.

42S PITTID-E.

Similar to P. irena, but rather larger, and distinguished by its
thicker and more compressed bill: whole length 7*4 inches, wing
4-6, tail 1-7.

Ilab. Sula Islands.

a, b. 2 ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace [C.].

(Type of the species.)

c. Ad. sk. Sula Islands ( Wallace). Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. Gould Coll.

17. Pitta strepitans.
Pitta strepitans, Temm. PL Col. 333 (1825) ; Mull. # Schl. Verh.

Zool. Pitta, p. 16 ; Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 395; Jard. et Selby, III. Orn.

i. pi. 77 ; Bhjth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 156 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen.

B. i. p. 213 ; Gould, B. Austral, iv. pi. i. : id. Handb. B. Austral, i.

p. 430 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 191 ; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 56 ;

Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1803), et p. 13(1874) ; Wallace,

Ibis, 1864, p. 106; Krefft, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319; Ramsay, Ibis,

1807, p. 416.
Pitta versicolor, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. p. 468.
Brachyurus strepitans, Bp. Comp. i. p. 254 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.

p. 7 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. ix. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.
Coloburis strepitans. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 3.
Pitta simillima, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1868, p. 76 ; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 295 ;

Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1874) ; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc.

N. S. W. i. p. 54 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 187 ; d' Alb.

et. Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 83 (Fly River, New

Guinea) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184 ; id. Orn. Pap.

ii. p. 389.
Pitta krett'ti, Salvad. Att. Soc. It. xii. p. 551 ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 296.
Pitta strepitans, var. simillima, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 591.
Pitta assimilis, d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 12 ; id. Ibis, 1877,

p. 368 (Torres Straits).

Above dark green ; crown dark chestnut-brown, with a slight
black vertical stripe ; sides of head, nape, and back of neck black ;
wing-feathers black, with a white speculum ; margins of secondaries
and greater coverts green, like the back; lesser wing-coverts and
rump-band bright shining pale blue : beneath pale fawn-colour ;
throat and centre of neck black ; patch in centre of abdomen black;
lower belly and crissum scarlet ; under wing-coverts black ; tail
black, tipped with greenish ; bill black ; feet pale brown : whole
length 8-5 inches, wing 5, tail 2. Female similar.

Hah. Eastern Australia, islands of Torres Straits, and Southern
New Guinea.

The northern specimens (Pitta simillima) are smaller in size, but
not otherwise distinguishable, and there are several specimens in the
series of intermediate dimensions which it is difficult to assign to
either form without knowing the locality.

a. Subsp. typical.

a. Ad. st. Australia. Lady Carrington [P.].

b. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Australia. J . E. W. Rushton [P.].

2. pitta. 429

d. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay (Strange), Gould Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Cape York. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f-h. Ad. ; I. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Jr. sk.

m. Ad. sk. Australia. Capt. Stanley [PJ.

n-p. Ad. sk. North Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Subsp. simillima.

a. Ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll. (Type

of P. simillima.)

b, c. Ad. ; d. Cape York. Gould Coll.
Jr. sk.

e,f. Ad.sk. Port Albany. Purchased.

a. Ad. sk. West Island, Torres Straits. Voy. H.M.S. < Alert.'

h. Jr. sk. Somerset, Cape York (Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Jr. sk. Somerset, Cape York. Tweeddale Coll.

f. Whole abdomen scarlet ; bright superciliary stripe pale blue :
sexes similar. (Phcenicocichla.)

Key to the Section.

A. Without a blue breast-band.

a. Crown brown or black.

I Back brown 18. venusta, p. 429.

I Back purplish black 19. ussheri, p. 430.

b. Crown scarlet.

j Black front broad 20. granatina, p. 430.

| Black front narrow 21. coccinea, p. 431.

B. With a blue breast-band 22. arcuata, p. 431.

18. Pitta venusta.

Pitta venusta, Hull. Tijdschr. v. Nat. Ges. ii. p. 348, pi. 9. fig. 4
(1835) ; Temm. PL Col. 590 (1836) ; Mull. $ Schleg. Verh. Zool.
Pitta, pp. 6, 15 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Schleg. Yog. Ned. Ind.
Pitta, pp. 21, 36, pi. v. figs. 4, 5 ; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13
(1863) et p. 17 (1874) ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107 ; Sahad, Ucc.
Borneo, p. 241 ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 254 (Sumatra).

Brachyurus venustus, Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xiv. :
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.

Erythropitta venusta, Bp. Ccnsp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.

Above brown ; head rather darker, with a narrow superciliary
stripe of pale blue behind the eye ; wings and tail brown, greater
wing-coverts slightly edged with blue : beneath, throat and breast
brown like the back ; abdomen dull scarlet ; bill black : feet dark
brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*5, tail 2.

Hah. Sumatra and Borneo.

a. Ad. st. Java (?). Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Gould Coll.

430 PITTIDA

19. Pitta ussheri.

Pitta ussheri, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 94, et 1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ;
id. Ibis, 1879, p. 2G3 (Borneo) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88
(Borneo) ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 75.

Above brownish black glossed with purple ; head black ; narrow
post-superciliary stripe pale blue ; wings black ; wing-coverts broadly
edged with bhie : beneath, throat and breast brownish black with
purple wash ; abdomen dull scarlet ; bill black ; feet brown : whole
length 5-5 inches, wing 3'5, tail 1-5.

Hab. Borneo.

Nearest to P. venusta, but distinguished by its darker back and
throat and the broad blue wing-edgings.

a. Ad. sk. Lawas r., Borneo ( Us&her)* Purchased. (Type of

the species.)

b. Ad. ; c. Pull. sk. Borneo. Gould Coll.

20. Pitta granatina.

Pitta granatina, Temm. PI. Col. 506 (1830) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 395 ;

Mutt. Sf Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15, 20; ScMeg. Handl.

Dierk. i. p. 253 : id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 20, 35, pi. v. fig. 3 ;

id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863) et p. 9 (1874) ; Blyth, Cat. B.

Mus. A. S. p. 157 ; id. J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 213 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. C. i. p. 184; Wallace,

Ibis, 1864, p. 107 (part.) ; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 242 ; Gould, B.

Asia, v. pi. 67.
Braebyurus granatinus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. xv. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 417 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 10 (Borneo).
Erythropitta granatina, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Walden, Ibis,

1872, p. 374.
Phcenieocichla granatina, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5 ; Gray,

Hand-l. i. p. 296.

Above dull black glossed with purple ; back of crown and nape
scarlet ; front of crown and sides of head black ; superciliary stripe
behind the eye pale blue ; wings brownish black, coverts and
secondaries edged with purplish blue : beneath, throat dark purplish
brown ; abdomen dull scarlet ; tail dull black edged with purplish ;
bill black ; feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 1*5.
Female similar.

Hab. Borneo.

The bright scarlet cap and purplish back are the distinguishing
features of this and the following species.

a, b. Ad. st. Java (?) Purchased.

c. $ ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Hume Coll.

d. $ ad. sk. Paku, Borneo. H. Everett [C.].

e. S ad. sk. Bintulu, Borneo. H. Everett [C.J.

/. $ ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. R. Wallace [C.l

g. Ad. sk. Borneo. Cuming Coll.

h. $ ad. ; i,j. 3 jr. sk. Jambusan, Borneo. Gould Coll.

k. S ad. sk. Marup, Borneo. Swinhoe Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Borneo {Mus. Lugd.). Gould Coll.

vi. Ad. sk. Borneo. Gould Coll.

2. TITTA.

431

21 . Pitta coccinea.

Fitta coccinea, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 104 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii.

p. 9G1 ; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 511 ; Hume, Str. F. viii.

p. 94 ; Oates, B. Br. Bwm. i. 419; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 68.
Pitta granatina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 274 ; Moore et Horsf, Cat.

B. Mus. F.I. C. i. p. 184 ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Malacca) ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 432 (Perak).

Similar to P. granatina, but with only a narrow black front.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Tenasserim.

a. 3 ad. sk. Klang, Salangore ( W. Davison).

b. d ad. sk. Malacca.
c-h. Ad. sk. Malacca.

i,j. .Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay).

k, I. Ad. sk. Malacca.

m, n. Ad. sk. Malacca {Cantor).

o. Pull. sk. Malacca.

p, q. Ad. sk. Singapore.

r. $ ad. sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca ( Wardlato-

Ramsay).

s. J ad. sk. Larut Hills, Perak.

t-v. c? ad. ; Joliore, Malay Peninsula ( W. Davi-

x-z. J ad. sk. son).

Hume Coll.

A. R. Wallace [C.].

Hume Coll.

Swinhoe Coll.

Gould Coll.

India Mus.

P. L. Sclater [P.].

Hume Coll.

Swinhoe Coll.

L. Wray [~C.].
Hume Coll.

22. Pitta arcuata.

Pitta (Phcenicocickla) arquata, Gould, Ann. N. II. ser. 4, vii. p. 340

(1871).
Phcenicoeichla arquata, Gray, Hand-l. iii. p. 344 ; Gould, Mon.

Pitt. pi. 9.
Pitta arquata, Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 69.
Pitta arcuata, Salvad. Ucc: Born. p. 241 ; S/iarpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263

(Borneo) ; Everett, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 503 (Kinabulu).

Above dull green ; whole crown and nape and neck above dull
scarlet ; post-superciliary stripe bright blue ; lores and sides of
head reddish brown ; wings dull black, secondaries edged with
bluish grey, greater coverts tipped with blue ; tail blackish, edged
with blue : beneath, throat reddish brown, passing into dull scarlet
on the neck, below which is a bright blue pectoral band ; abdomen
scarlet ; bill blackish ; feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing
3-3, tail 1-5.

Hab. Borneo.

The bright blue pectoral band formed by pointed tips to blackish
feathers renders this species easily distinguishable.

a. Ad. sk.

b. cJ ad. sk.

Borneo.
Sarawak

Could Coll. (Type

of the species.)
Swinhoe Coll.

432 PITTID.E.

g. Whole abdomen scarlet, breast-band blue ; head brownish red ;
no bright superciliary stripe. (Erythrojritta.)

Key to the Section*.

A. With a slight, if any, black lower margin

to the blue pectoral band.

a. Cap uniform reddish brown; no red

nuchal patch.

a'. Throat-patch black 23. erythrogastra, p. 432.

b'. Throat-patch brown.

( Back greenish 27. rujiventris, p. 434.

| Back bluish 28. cyanonota, p. 435.

b. Cap with a blue vertical stripe, and red

nuchal patch 29. rubrinucha, p. 435.

B. With a distinct black lower margin to

the blue pectoral band.

!With a distinct blue vertical stripe ;
throat brownish 30. celebensis, p. 436.
Vertical stripe absent or evanescent ;
throat black 32. machloti, p. 436.

23. Pitta erythrogastra.

Pitta erythrogastra, Temm. PI. Col 212 (1823) ; Less. Tr. cFOrn.

p. 394 ; Midi. 8f Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 18 ; Blyth, Cat. B.

Mus. A. S. B. p. 157 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; ScUeg. Mus. P.-B.

Pitta, p. 8 (1863) et p. 12 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, i864, p. 106;

Wardl. Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 334.
Brachyurus erythrogaster, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. xvi. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 417.
Coloburis erythrogaster, Cab. et Hein. 3fus. Hein. ii. p. 5.
Erythropitta erythrogastra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Walden,

Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 187 ; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 546, 1878, p. 948,

et 1879, p. 71 ; Wardl. Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657.

Above dull green, slight neck-band and rump blue ; head reddish
brown ; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on the primaries ;
secondaries and greater coverts edged with blue; lesser coverts
green like the back, with a white spot at the bend of the wing ;
tail blackish, edged with blue : beneath, chin brown, passing into
a large black guttural patch, in the centre of which the feathers
are white at the base : pectoral band blue ; abdomen crimson ; bill
black ; feet brown : whole length 6-4 inches, wing 3*9, tail 1"4.
Female similar.

Hub. Philippine Islands.

a. Ad. ; b. Jr. st. Philippine Islands (Cuming). Purchased.

c. c? ad. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. ' Challenger ' Exp.

d. $ ad. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. H. Everett [C.].

* Species 24, 25, 26, and 31, of which I have not been able to examine
specimens, are not included in the Key.

I

2. pitta. 433

e,f. S 2 a<i. ; ff- 2 jr- Zamboanga, Mindanao Tweeddale Coll.

sk. (Everett),

h. Ad. sk. Basilan (Everett), Tweeddale Coll.

i,j. Ad. ; k. Jr. sk. Manila, Luzon. Tweeddale Coll.

1. Ad. sk. Philippines. J. Gould, Esq.

m-o. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.

24. Pitta propinqua.

Brachyurus propinquus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i.
p. 330.

Similar to P. erytliroc/astra, but back and scapulars cobalt-blue
with a greenish band across ; throat entirely brownish black,
becoming jet-black on the fore-neck; chest bright blue, sides only
greenish. (Sharpe.)

Hah. Philippines, Mindanao.

Only two specimens obtained by Prof. Steere, of which the one in
the Collection is immature.

a. <$ jr. sk. Dumalon, Philippines. Prof. Steere [C.]. (Typical

specimen.)

25. Pitta caeruleitorques.

Pitta casrulitorques, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ix. p. 53 (1876) ;
Roicley, Orn. Misc. ii. p. 324, pi. lxiv. ; Gould, B. N. Guin.
pt. vii. pi. 4.

Similar to P. erythrogastra, but cap of a uniform red, which
colour becomes very bright on the neck : the two obscure bands on
the sides of the cap absent ; the sides of the head and the throat of
a reddish brown ; the blue of the breast more extended trans-
versely, and divided from the red of the abdomen by a distinct
black band ; the dimensions rather larger.

Hob. Petta, Sanghir Islands.

26. Pitta kochi.

Pitta kochi, Bruqqem, Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 65, pi. iii.

fig. 6 ; Ousialei,' Bull. Soc. Phil. se"r. 7, vi. p. 256 ; Gould, B. Asia,

v. pi. 71.
Erythropitta kochi, Tiveedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 430, pi. xxvi.

This species was based on a specimen in the Darmstadt Museum,
of which Mr. Gould gives the subjoined description : —

" General colour above dull olive-brown, with somewhat of a
ruddy tint on the sides of the neck and mantle ; wing-coverts lilac-
grey, the primary-coverts and quills blackish brown ; the primaries
externally greyish towards their ends ; the secondaries and inner
greater coverts olive-brown, washed with lilac-grey on the outer
webs; the second, third, and fourth primaries with a large white
spot on the inner web, the last-named having the white spot on the

vol. xiv. 2 F

434 PITTIDJE.

outer web as well ; upper tail-coverts and tail lilac-grey, the latter
darker ; forehead and crown, as well as the lores, region of the eye,
and ear-coverts dark brown, the latter slightly shaded with an olive
tinge ; nape and hind neck dull red ; cheeks ashy brown, with a
bluish shade under certain lights, forming a very broad moustache :
throat reddish in the centre, brown on the sides, forming a malar
stripe ; the fore-neck red with a tinge of lilac ; chest lilac-grey, the
sides olive-brown ; remainder of under surface of body scarlet, the
sides olive-brown, with which colour the centre of the abdomen
is washed ; under tail-coverts scarlet, the longer ones tipped and
edged with lilac-blue ; thighs ashy grey ; under wing-coverts dull
lilac-blue, some of the outer ones tipped with white ; axillaries
olive-brown, like the back ; quills ashy brown below, relieved by the
before-mentioned white spots on the primaries. Total length 7*5
inches, culmen 1-2, wing 4-7, tail 2"2, tarsus 2*1."

Hah. Luzon, Philippines.

The large size and dark brown ear-coverts are the distinguishing
features of this Pitta.

27. Pitta ruiiventris.

Coloburis rufiventris, Cab. et Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 406.

Pitta inornata, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 350.

Brachvurus rufiventris, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xix. ; id. Pots, 1870,

p. 418.
Pitta rufiventris, Schley. Vog. Ned. lnd. Pitta, pp. 17, 34 ; id. Mas.

P.-B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863), et p. 12 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr. iii.

p. 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 105, 106; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.

Genov. vii. p. 777, xvi. p. 185 ; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 401.
Erythropitta rufiventris, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 296.

Above dull green, rump blue ; head reddish brown ; wing-feathers
black, with a white speculum on the primaries, secondaries and
coverts edged with bluish green ; tail blackish with blue edgings :
beneath, throat brown, broad breast-band blue narrowly margined
with blackish below; abdomen scarlet: bill horn-colour ; feet
brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1*5. Female similar.

Bab. Batchian and Halmaheira (Gilolo), also Dammar and Obi.

The combination of the uniform reddish head with an earthy-
brown throat and green back distinguishes this species.

a, b. 3 ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq.

(Types of P. inornata ?)
c, d. Ad. sk. Batchian ( Wallace). Gould Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Batchian. Purchased.

f. $ ad. sk. Batchian. H. Seebohm, Esq.

[P.].

g. Jr. sk. Gilolo {Bernstein). Gould Coll.

h. S ad. ; i. Ad. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace [C.].

j. $'ad.; k. Ad. Gilolo ( Wallace). Gould Coll.

sk.
1. Jr. sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll.

2. pitta. 435

28. Pitta cyanonota.

Pitta cyanonota, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 351 ; Schlep. Vog.
Ned. Ind. Bitta, pp. 18, 35'; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 8 (1863), et
p. 13 (1874) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188, iv. p. 15; Wallace, Ibis,
1864, pp. 105, 186 ; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. xi. pi. 2 ; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 185 ; id. Om. Pap. ii. p. 402.

Brackyurus cyanonotus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xx. ; id. Phis, 1870,
p. 4*18.

Erythropitta cyanonota, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 296.

Similar to P. rufiventris, but whole back, rump, and wing-coverts
uniform dull blue.

Bab. Ternate and Guebe.

The occurrence of this species in the island of Guebe*, on the fur-
ther side of Halmaheira, as well as in Ternate, is a very singular
fact in distribution, if authentic, as the corresponding species in the
intervening island is P. rufiventris.

a.

J ad. sk.

Ternate.

A. E. Wallace [C]
(Tvpe of the species.)

b.

Ad. sk.

Ternate.

Tweeddale Coll.

c.

Jr. sk.

Ternate (Meyer)*

Tweeddale Coll.

d.

Ad. sk.

Celebes (?).

Gould Coll.

e.

Ad. sk.

Menado, Celebes (?).

Hume Coll.

29. Pitta rubrinucha.

Pitta rubrinucha, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 187, et 1863, p. 25 ; id. Pois,

1864, p. 106; Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188; id. Mus. P.-B.

Pitta (1874), p. 12; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pi. 7 ; Salvad.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. viii. p. 375, xvi. p. 185 ; id. Om. Pap. ii.

p. 393.
Brackvurus rubrinucha, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xviii. ; id. Pois, 1870,

p. 418.
Erythropitta rubrinucha, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 297.

Above dull green ; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on
the primaries ; lesser coverts edged with bluish, and with a white
spot on the bend of the wing ; head reddish brown, with a blue
vertical stripe and scarlet patch on the nape ; tail bluish : beneath,
throat and sides of head brown, passing into blackish brown on the
fore neck and into greyish on the ear-coverts ; breast-band clear
greyish blue, with a very slight blackish inferior margin ; abdomen
scarlet ; bill horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing
3-8, tail 1-5.

Hub. Bourou.

The scarlet nuchal patch at once distinguishes this species.

a. 3 ad. ; b. $ jr. ; c. Bourou. A. R. Wallace [O.l.

Jr. sk. (Types of the species.)

* Cf. Schlegel, Mus. P.-B., Pitta (1874), p. 13.

2p2

430 pittid^;.

30. Pitta celebensis.

Pitta celebensis, Westerm. Bijdr. t. d, Dierh. i. p. 46, Pitta, pi. 3 ;

Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1860, p. 142, et 1864,

p. 106 ; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 17, pi. 4. fig. 4 ; id. Mus.

P.-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863), et p. 10 (1874) ; Gould, B. Neio Guin.

pt. vii. pi. 6 ; Briigg. Abh, not. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64 (Celebes) ;

Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 552 (Celebes) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus.

Civ. Genov. vii. p. 663.
Braclmirus celebensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. xvii. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 418.
Ervthropitta celebensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Meyer, Ibis,

1879, p. 126.

Above dull green ; slight cervical collar and rump blue ; head
reddish brown, with a blue vertical stripe ; wing-feathers black, with
a white speculum on the primaries, coverts edged with blue ; tail
black, edged with bluish : beneath, throat brown, passing into a
black neck-patch ; broad pectoral band greyish blue, passing into
green at the sides and bordered below by a chestnut-black band ;
abdomen scarlet ; bill horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 7
inches, wing 4, tail l-6. Female similar.

Hab. Celebes.

a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. R. Wallace [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

d, e. c? 2 ad. sk. Macassar, Celebes. A. P. Wallace [C.].
f-h. Ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll.

i. d ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

j. Ad. sk. S.W. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

31. Pitta palliceps.

Pitta palliceps, Bruggem. Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64.

Nearest to P. celebensis, but rather smaller, bill longer and
differently shaped ; head very bright ; nape rusty yellowish ; no
black band on the breast. (Briiggemaim.)

Hab. Siao, Sanghir Islands.

32. Pitta mackloti.

Pitta mackloti, Temm. PI. Col. 547 (1834) ; Mull. # Schleg. Verh.
Zool. Pitta, pp. 12, 18 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; id. P. Z. S.
1858, p. 175, 1859, p. 155, 1861, p. 434 ; id. Cat, B. New Guinea,
p. 26 ; Sclat. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 158 ; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 99
(New Britain) ; Schkg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 15, pi. 4. fig. 3;
id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863) et p. 10 (1874) ; id, Ned, Tijdschr.
iii. pp. 188, 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102, 105, 106; Krefft,
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319 (Cape York) ; Gould, Suppl. B. Austral.
pi. 29; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 778, x. p. 128, xiv.
p. 656, xvi. p. 185 ; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 324 ; id, Orn. Pap. ii. p. 395 ;
Ramsay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 187, iii. p. 277, iv. p. 98 ;
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 643 (Salwatti, Waigiou, Mysol) ;
Nehrkorn, J.f. O. 1885, p. 33 (eggs).

2. PITTA. 437

Brachyurus mackloti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Wallace, Ann. N. H.

ser. 2, xx. p. 477 ; Rosenb. Nat. Tijd&chr. xxv. p. 232 ; id. J. f. O.

1864, p. 119 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 418.
Erythropitta mackloti, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Gray, Hand-l.

i. p. 296.
Brachvurus (Erythropitta) mackloti, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. 21.
Pitta digglesi, Krefft, Ibis, 1869, p. 350.

Pitta strenua, Gould, MS. ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 410 (New Guinea).
Pitta novre-hiberniaj, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 73

[cf. Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 324].

Above dull green ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and wing-covert
blue ; wing-feathers black, with a large white speculum on the pri-
maries ; head reddish browu, with an obscure patch on the vertex,
which sometimes becomes bluish : beneath, chin brown, passing
into a large black guttural patch ; broad breast-band greyish blue,
bordered below by a wide black margin ; abdomen scarlet ; bill
horn-colour ; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 1*6.
Female similar.

Bab. Waigiou, Salwatti, Mysol, New Guinea, Aru Islands,
Cape York, and New Britain.

This form is closely allied to P. celehensis, but there are only
traces of the blue vertical stripe in certain individuals, and this
is by no means constant. Curiously enough this feature is most
apparent in specimens from the extreme ends of the range, Mysol
and New Britain. Besides this the throat is much blacker in P.
mackloti, and there are no traces of the blue collar at the back of
the neck.

a. $ ad. sk.

Mysol.

Tweeddale Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk.

Mysol.

Gould Coll.

d. cJ ad. sk.

"Waigama, Mysol (Bern-
stein).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e,f. d $ ad. sk.

Dorey, New Guinea.

A. R. Wallace [C.~|.

g. Ad. sk.

New Guinea.

A. E. Wallace [C.].

h, i. Ad. sk.

New Guinea (Wallace).

Gould Coll.

j. Ad. sk.

New Guinea (?).

Gould Coll.

(Erythropitta strenua, Gould MS.)

h, I. S 2 ad. sk.

Aru Islands.

A. R. Wallace [C.].

m. Jr. sk.

Cape York.

Tweeddale Coll.

n-p. Ad. ; q.

Cape York.

Gould Coll.

Jr. sk.

r. Ad. sk.

Somerset, Cape York.

Gould Coll.

s. Ad. sk.

Somerset, Cape York
(Cocker ell Sf Thorpe).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

t, w. Ad. sk.

N. Australia.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

v. Jr. sk.

East Cape, New Guinea.

K. Hunstein [C.~|.

w. Ad. sk.

Port Moresby, New
Guinea.

A. Goldie [C.].

x. Jr. sk.

New Britain (Kteinschmidf).

Godefrroy Mus.

y. Ad. sk.

New Britain (Finsch).

Tweeddale Coll.

2. Ad. sk.

New Britain (Brown).

Tweeddale Coll.

a', b'. Ad. sk.

Kalabadai, New Britain

Sclater Coll.

(Brown),
c'. Ad. sk. Loc. ign. Gould Coll.

438 PITTID.S.

h*. Back bright green, with, a rump-band of light shining blue :
head black or chestnut surrounded by black ; crissum scarlet ;
sexes similar. (Melanopitta.)

Key to the Section.

A. "Whole head and throat black.

a. Wing-end white with a black tip.

Smaller 33. atricapilla, p. 438.

Larger 34. muelleri, p. 439.

Largest 35. sanghirana, p. 440.

b. Wing black, with a white speculum :

I flanks green 36. nova-guinece, p. 440.

| flanks purple 38. rosenbzrgi, p. 441.

c. Wing black ; tail green 39. forsteni, p. 442.

B. Head and nape black ; throat white 40. steerii, p. 442.

C. Sides of head and throat black ; crown

chestnut 41. cucullata, p. 442.

D. Crown, sides of head, and throat black ; sides

of crown chestnut 42. iris, p. 444.

33. Pitta atricapilla.

Merula viridis atricapilla moluccensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 319 (?).

Merle des Philippines, Daub. PL Enl. 89 ?

Breve des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 412 (?).

Turdus sordidus, P. L. S. Midler, Natursyst. iSuppl. p. 143, no. 51

(1776) ?
Turdus brevicauda, Bodd. Tabl. d. PL Enl. p. 6 (1783) ?
Corvus brachyurus, var. (3. philippensis, Gin. S. N. i. p. 375 (?).
Citta melanocephala, Wagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, no. 14 (1827).
Pitta atricapilla, Less. fr. cPOrn. p. 394 (1831); id. Compl. d.
Bnffon, p. 501 (1848) ; Temm. PL Col. Tab. Meth. p. 16 (1832) ;
Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 214 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 76.
Brachyurus atricapillus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. XXV.
Melanopitta atricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Coloburis brevicauda, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. ii. p. 5.
Melanopitta sordida, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 949 ; id. Trans. Zool.
Soc. ix. pp. 187, 250 ; Wardl. Pamsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657.
Brachyurus sordidus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 331;

Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 419 (part.).
Pitta sordida, Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 321 (Palawan).
Pitta philippensis, Mull. § Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19 ; Schl. Mus.

P.-B. Pitta, p. 2 (1863), et p. 5 (1874).
Pitta macrorhyucha, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3 (1831).
Pitta leucoptera, Elliot, Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1861, p. 153 (?).

Above green ; whole head, neck, and throat black ; lesser wing-
coverts and broad rump-band bright shining blue ; primaries white,
tipped with black ; tail black, slightly tipped with bluish ; abdomen
green, with a central patch of black mixed with red ; lower belly

* I have not seen specimens of P. mafoorana of this section (no. 37), and
have consequently not placed it in the Key.

2. pitta. 439

and crissum scarlet ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet
dark brown : whole length G-5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 1-4. Female
similar.

Hab. Philippines.

The amount of white in the wing-end varies much, even in
individuals from the same locality.

a. Ad. sk. Manila, Luzon {Maitland- Tweeddale Coll.

Heriot).

b. S ad. sk. Luzon {Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.

c. 2 ad. sk. Negros {Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Basilan. Prof. Steere [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Zamboanga, Mindanao. A. Everett [C.].
f-m. £ ad. ; n- Zamboanga, Mindanao Tweeddale Coll.

p. 2 ftd. sk. {Everett).

q. Jr. sk. Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Prof. Steere [C.].

r-t. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.

u. Ad. sk. Philippines. Purchased.

v. Ad. st. Caruiguin, Philippine Islands. Purchased.

w. Jr. st. Philippine Islands {Cuming). Purchased.

34. Pitta muelleri.

Pitta atricapilla, MM. $■ Sehl. Verli. Zool. Pitta, pp. 8, 19 ; MM.
Verh. Ethn. p. 405; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co.
i. p. 399; Schl. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 254; id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta,
p. 6, pi. ii. figs. 2, 3 ; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 3 (1863), et p. 5
(1874) ; Pelz. Novara-Reise, Vog. pp. 70, 161 ; Goidd, B. Asia,
v. pi. 76.

Brachyurus muelleri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 266 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxvi. ;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 104 (Labuan) ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 10
(Borneo).

Pitta muelleri, Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 215 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106 ;
Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 62 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 240 ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263 ; id. P. Z S. 1879, p. 346 ( Labuan), et
1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et
1883, p. 88 (Borneo) ; Guilkmard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 413.

Coloburis muelleri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.

Melanopitta muelleri, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Walden, Ibis,
1872, p. 374.

Brachyurus sordidus, Elliot, Pois, 1870, p. 419 (part.).

Pitta malaccensis, Mull. $• Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19.

Similar to P. atricapilla, but of rather larger dimensions.
Hab. Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka.

a. Ad. ; b. Jr. st. Borneo. Purchased.

c. 2 ad. sk. Bintulu, Borneo. Purchased.

d, e. d2 ad- sk. Marup, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.

f. Jr. sk. Lawas River, Borneo. II. Veitch, Esq. [P.].

y. Ad sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.

/*. $ jr. sk. J ambusan, Borneo. Gould Coll.

i,j. Ad. sk. Borneo. J. Gould, Esq.

k-p. Ad. sk. Labuan {Loiv). H. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

q. Jr. sk. Labuan. Sir H. Low [C.].

440 FITTID.E.

r. Ad. sk. Banka. Gould Coll.

s. Ad.; t. $ ad.; Sumatra. A. E. Wallace [C.].

m. Jr. sk.
v. Ad. sk. Timor (?). Purchased.

35. Pitta sanghirana.

Pitta atricapilla sanghirana, Schleyel, Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 190

(1866).
Pitta sanghirana, Meyer in Rowley's Orn. Misc.. ii. p. 329, pi. lxv. ;

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. is., p. 54; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 411.

Similar to P. muelleri, but rather larger.

Hab. Sanghir Islands.

It would be more logical, perhaps, to unite this and the two
preceding species, but I prefer to leave matters as I find them for
the present.

a. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Gould Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Purchased.

d. cS ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Tweeddale Coll.

36. Pitta novae-guineae.

Pitta atricapilla, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. Astr., Zool. i. p. 258, pi. 8. fig. 3.
Pitta novae-guineae, Midi, et Schley. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19 ; Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 214; id. P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 175 (Aru), 1859, p. 156,

186.1, p. 434 (Mysol) ; id. Cat. B. New Gum. p. 26; Scl. Proc.

Linn. Soc. ii. p. 158 ; Schley. Voq. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 7, pi. 2. fig. 4 ;

id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 6 (1874) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr.

iii. p. 189, et iv. pp. 15, 16 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102, 105, 106 ;

UAlbertis, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 531 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii.

p. 798 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 777, viii. p. 398,

ix. p. 37, x. p. 128, xvi. p. 184 ; id. Om. Pap. ii. p. 380 ; Salvad. et

d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 84; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc,

Zool. xiii. p. 315, xiv. p. 687 ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.

iii. p. 277, iv. p. 98 ; Gould, B. Neio Guinea, pt. iv. pi. 1 ; Guillem.

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 643 (Mysol, Salwatti, Batanta).
Brachyurus novae-guineae, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 ; Wallace, Ann. N H.

ser. 2, xx. p. 477 ; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 232 ;

id. J.f. O. 1864, p. 119 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420.
Melanopitta novae-guineae, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Brachyurus (Melanopitta) novae-guineae, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxvii.

Above bright green ; whole head, neck, and throat black ; lesser
wing-coverts and narrow rump-band (sometimes almost obsolete)
bright silver-blue ; wing-feathers black, with a small white specu-
lum ; tail blackish, edged with green ; abdomen dark green, tinged
with bluish on the flanks, with a black median patch : lower belly
and crissum scarlet ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet
brown : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4, tail 1"5. Female similar.

Hab. New Guinea, Waigiou, Batanta, Salwatti, Mysol, Gagie,
and Aru Islands.

2. PITTA.

441

The very narrow rump-band and dark belly readily distinguish
this species from the three preceding.

a. Ad. sk.

b, c. <5 ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. J ad. ; g.

2 ad. sk.
h-m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. J ad. sk.
q. d ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.

Aleya, S.E. New Guinea

(Dr. James).
Dorey, N. Guinea.
New Guinea ( Wallace).
Aru Islands.

Aru Islands.

Salwatti.

Salwatti.

Mysol (Rosenberg).

Mysol.

Gagie Island.

New Guinea (?).

Gould Coll.

A. R. Wallace [C.].

Gould Coll.

A. E. Wallace [C.].

Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

37. Pitta mafoorana.

Pitta novae-guinea? mafoorana, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Pitta (1874),

p. 8 ; Meyer in Hotel. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 268.
Pitta maf'oreana, Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709 ; id.

Ibis, 1876, p. 248.
Pitta maforensis, Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pi. 5.
Pitta mafoorana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184 ; id.

Orn. Pap. ii. p. 386.

Similar to P. novce-guinecB, but without any white speculum ;
tail black, tipped with green ; greater tail-coverts black, edged with
blue, smaller tail-coverts pale metallic green ; blue on the abdomen
darker. (ScJdegel.)

Hab. Mafoor Islands, Bay of Geelvink.

38. Pitta rosenbergi.

Pitta rosenbergi, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iv. p. 16 (1873) ; id. Mus.
P.-B. Pitta (1874), p. 8 ; Rosenb. Reist. n. d. Geehinkb. p. 138 ;
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709 ; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 247 ;
Gould, B. New Guin. pt. iv. pi. 2 ; Rowley, Orn. 3Iisc. ii. p. 264,
pi. lxii. ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184 ; id. Orn. Pap.
ii. p. 387.

Similar to P. novce-guinece, but sides of the abdomen deep purple,
tail and greater tail-coverts black, and black of the throat rather
more extended over the neck.

Bab. Misori and Soek Islands, New Guinea.

a. 2 Ad. sk. Kordo, Misori I., Bay of Gould Coll.

Geelvink (Meyer).

b. Ad. sk. Soek I., Bay of Geelvink Goidd Coll.

(Meyer).

c. c? ad. sk. Soek I., Bay of Geelvink Tweeddale Coll.

(Meyer).

442 PITTID.E.

39. Pitta forsteni.

Pitta melanocephala, Miitt. $ Sohl, Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19 ; Westerm.

Bijdr. t. d. Dierk. i. p. 46, Pitta, pi. 2 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 214 ;

Schley. Voq. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 3, pi. 2. fig. 1 ; id. Mus. P.-B.

Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 9 (1874) ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 2-36 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxiv. ;

id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.
Melanopitta forsteni, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Meyer, Ibis,

1879, p. 126.
Pitta forsteni, Gould, B. Neio Guinea, pt. i. pi. 7.

Above green ; whole head, neck, and throat black ; lesser wing-
coverts and rurnp-band bright silver- blue; tail above green; wing-
feathers black ; abdomen green like the back, but rather clearer,
with a black median patch ; lower belly and crissum scarlet ; under
wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet pale brown : whole length 7*5
inches, wing 4-7, tail 1-8. Female similar.

Hub. Celebes.

Immediately distinguishable by its large size, green tail, and
uniform black remiges.

a. Ad. sk. Meuado, Celebes. Gould Coll.

b, c. Jr. sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll.

40. Pitta steerii.

Brachyurus steerii, Shaiye, Nature, xiv. p. 297 (1876) ; id. Trans.

Linn. S'oc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 329, t. xlix.
Melanopitta steerii, Tioeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 949 (Zamboanga).
Pitta steerii, Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 74.
Cyanopitta steerii, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pi. 8.

Above green : whole head and nape above black ; wing-coverts
and rump-band bright silver-blue ; tail black : beneath, throat white,
abdomen bright silver-blue ; middle of belly jet-black ; crissum
scarlet ; under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet brown : whole
length 7 inches, wing 4-9, tail 1-7.

Hah. Philippines.

It is impossible to mistake this noble species, distinguished at
once by its pure white throat and silver-blue under surface.

a. 3 jr. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. J. B. Steere [C.].

(Authentic specimen.)

b. Ad. sk. Zamboanga {Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

41. Pitta cucullata.

Pitta cucullata, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 65 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. B. p. 157 ; Strickl. Ami. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 410, t. xxi. ; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; id. Cat. Mamm. $ B. Nepaul, p. 40 ; Moore,
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 274; Cassiti, Om. U.S. Expl. Exp. ed. 2, p. 437;
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 4 (1863) et p. 5 (1874); Jerd. B. Ind.
i. p. 504 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106 ; Davison, Str. F. v. p. 457 ;
Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 243; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Oates,

2. pitta. 443

B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 414; KeJham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Perak);

Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 82 ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Genov. ser. 2,

vol. iv. p. 597 (Bhamo).
Brachyurus cucullatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.

pi. xxviii. : id. Ibis, 1870, p. 420 ; Hume, Sir. F. iii. p. 109 ; Blt/t/i,

B. Burm. p. 98.
Colobuvis cucullata, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Ilein. ii. p. 4.
Melauopitta cucullata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Pitta nigricollis, Bluth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 960 (184a) ; id. Ibis, 1860,

p. 374.
" Pitta rodogaster, Hodgs.? Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 961.
Pitta malacceusis, 3Iull. fy Sc/il. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19.
Pitta coronata, Peak, Orn. U.S. JExpl. Exp. ed. 1, p. 89.
Pitta bangkana, Schl. Voq. Ned. Ind. p. 8, pi. 2. fig. 5 ; id. Mils. P.-B.

Pitta, p. 3 (1863) ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus bangkana, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420, pi. xiii. fig. 2.

Above green ; sides of head and nape black, crown chestnut ;
lesser wing-coverts and rump-band silver-blue ; wings black, with a
broad white band across the apical portion of primaries, leaving the
wing-end black : beneath bright green- ; throat black ; central patch
on belly black ; lower belly and crissum scarlet ; under wing-
coverts black ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 6'5 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 1-5.

Hah. Nepal, and thence through Assam and Malay Peninsula to
Banka Island.

Except as regards the chestnut cap, this species belongs to the
typical section of the present group, and is obviously allied to
P. atricapilla.

a. Ad. st. East Indies. Purchased.

b-d. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.[ P.].

e-h. Ad. ; i, k. Native Sikkim (L. Man- Hume Coll.

Jr. sk. delli).

l-t. Ad.; u. Jr. sk. Sikkim (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll.

v-x. Ad. sk. Darjeeling. Hume Col!.

y. Ad. sk. Bhotan Doars (L. M.). Hume Coll.

z-b'. S ad. sk. Sadhyia, Assam {J. Hume Coll.

Covkbarn).

c'-f. rf ad. sk. Dibrughur, Assam (J. R. Hume Coll.

Cripps).

g'. Ad. sk. Khasia Hills (Chennell). Tweeddale Coll.

h'. Ad. sk. Tipperah. Hume Coll.

i', f. Ad. sk. Thayetmyo,Brit.Burmah. Tweeddale Coll.

k'. d ad. ; V. $ Pegu Hiils (E. W. Oates). Hume Coll.

ad. sk.

m',ri. <3 $ ad.sk. Pegu Hills. E. W. Oates [C.].

o'. <3 ad.; jo'. $ Amherst, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

jr. ; q'. 3 jr. sk. Davison),

r'-a". d ad. ; b"- Bankasoon, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

e". 2 aa- sk. ( W. Davison),

f. d ad. sk. Malewoon, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

( W. Davison),

ff". d ad. sk. Tavoy, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).

444 PITTID.E.

ti'-r". cJ ad. ; s". Kossoom (J. Darling). Hume Coll.

$ ad. sk.

t"-v". Ad. sk. Malacca ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

iu". Ad. sk. Malacca India Museum.

x". Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased.

y", z". Ad. sk. E. Indies. Gould Coll.

42. Pitta iris.

Pitta iris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 17 ; id. B. Austr. iv. pi. 3 ; id.

Intr. B. Austr. p. 55 ; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 432 ; Mull, ty Schl.

Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863) et

p. 16 (1874) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108.
Brackvurus iris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxiii. ;

id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.

Above green ; whole head and nape black, with a broad stripe
from behind each eye, joining at the nape, chestnut; lesser wing-
coverts bright silver-blue, tipped with purple ; narrow rump-band
silver-green ; tail black, broadly tipped with green : beneath black ;
lower belly and crissum pale scarlet ; bill black ; feet brown : whole
length 6 inches, wing 4, tail P4.

Hob. North Australia.

The black under surface is quite peculiar to this very distinct
species, which has no near allies.

a. <$ ad. sk. Port Essington, N. Australia Gould Coll.

{McGillivray, Voy. of the
' Rattlesnake ').

b. Ad. sk. N. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. st. Port Essington. Dr. Sibbald [P.].

d. Ad. st. Australia. Purchased.

i. Cap bright blue ; back crimson ; throat white ; crissum
not scarlet : sexes different. {Iridipitta.)

One species only is known of this peculiar section, which is quite
unique in its style of plumage, and cannot, I think, be closely
associated with P. iris, as has been suggested.

43. Pitta baudi.

Pitta baudi, Mull. <§• Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15, pi. ii. ; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Schleg. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 253 ; id. Vog. Ned.
hid. Pitta, p. 18, pi. v. figs. 1, 2 ; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863),
et p. 9 (1874) ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107 ; Salvad. Ucc. Borneo,
p. 243; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88;
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 72; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 414 (Borneo).

Brachvurus baudi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxii. ;
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.

Iridipitta baudi, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.

Above crimson ; nape and sides of head black ; crown, rump, and
tail brilliant blue ; wings brownish black ; greater coverts with a

3. EUCICHLA. 445

pure white terminal band; lesser coverts and outer secondaries like
the back : beneath, throat and spot on each side of the head pure
white ; breast black, passing into purple and blue on the belly ;
under wing-coverts black ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length
6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1-4. Female. Above dull crimson, wings
blackish brown, coverts edged with white, as in male ; tail blue :
beneath dirty browu, throat white.
Hah. Borneo.

a. Ad. st. Borneo. Purchased.

b, c. rf $ ad. sk. Sandakan, N.E. Borneo. Gould Coll.

d. 2 sk- N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.].

3. EUCICHLA. ^

Type.
Eucichla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2 (1859) E. cyanura.

This section embraces what are, perhaps, the most gorgeously
coloured species of the family. Although the tail in E. gurneyi
and E. ellioti is not so long and pointed as in E. cyanura and its
allies, I follow Gould in placing the two first-named species in the
same genus as the latter, to which they are obviously related in
style of colour.

Eucichla is found in Tenasserim, Burmah, Siam, Cochin, the Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

Key to the Species.

A. Crown black ; tail longer.

a. Whole abdomen transversely striped 1. cyanura, p. 445.

b. Centre of abdomen purple :

j breast yellow, with transverse bars 2. schwaneri, p. 446.

) breast dark purple 3. boschi, p. 447.

B. Crown blue ; tail shorter :

j breast ashy green 4. ellioti, p. 448.

) breast black 5. gurneyi, p. 448.

1. Eucichla cyanura.

Merle de la Guiane, Daub. PL Ent. 355.

Turdus cvanurus, Bodd. Table d. PL Enl. p. 21 (1783) ; Gm. S. N.

i. p. 82*8; Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 301.
Myiothera cyanura, Cur. Begn. An. i. p. 357 (1817).
Pitta cyanura, Vieill. Nouv. Bid. iv. p. 356 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 685 ;

id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 246, pi. 153 ; Lesson, Tr. d'Om. p. 394 ; Viy. Mem.

Baffles, p. 659 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 157 ; Strickl. P. Z. S.

Off,

Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. ""
(1874) CBeavan, P. Z. S

pi. 6. figs. 1, 2, 3j id. Mm. P.-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1863), et p. 16
?. 1866, p. 4 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxix. ;

446 P1TTID.&.

Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 154 (eggs);

Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 77.
Eucichla cvanura, Cab. et Hein. Mtts. Hein. ii. p. 2 ; Gould, Mon.

Pitt. pi. 2.
Myiothera affinis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 154.
Turdus guajanus, Mull. Natursyst. Suppl. p. 146 (??).
Pitta guaiana, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420.

Above reddish brown ; crown and sides of head black, with a long
superciliary stripe of bright yellow, whicb is much broadened on the
nape : wings blackish brown, greater coverts and some of the
secondaries edged externally with clear white ; tail black, with
bright blue edgings : beneath, throat and sides of neck pure white,
bordered below by a narrow purplish-blue ne^k- collar ; abdomen
pale brownish yellow, regularly barred across by black bands ;
under wing-coverts black, with white margins ; small cross bar on
the inner webs of the primaries white ; bill black ; feet pale brown :
whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 2-5. Female similar, but head
brown like the back, rather brighter on the superciliaries, and
ground-colour beneath white, barred as in the male.

Hab. Java.

a. 3 ad. sk. Java (Horsjield). India Mus.

(Type of Myiothera affinis.)

b. 2 ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.

c. 3 ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.

d. e. 3 2 ad. sk. Java {Horsfield). India Mus.

/. 3 ad. sk. Java {Diard). Salvin-Godman Coll.

g. 3 ad. sk. Java. Salvin-Godman Coll.

h, i. Ad. ; j, k. Java. Tweeddale Coll.

Jr. sk.

/, m. 3 ad. ; n. E. Indies. J. Gould, Esq.

2 ad. sk.

2. Eucichla schwaneri.

Pitta schwaneri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vole.

Anisod. p. 7 ; Schley. Handl. DterJi. i. p. 254 ; id. Voy. Ned. Ind.

Pitta, p. 25, pi. 6. fig. 4; id. Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et

p. 17 (1874) ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxx. ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 421 ;

Scl. P.Z.S. 1863, p. 215; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Salvad.
Ucc. Borneo, p. 243; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263; Nicholson, Ibis,

1883, p. 88 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 78 ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885,

p. 414 (Borneo).
Eucichla schwaneri, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pi. 4.

Above clear reddish brown ; crown and sides of head black, with
long and broad superciliary stripes of bright yellow, which extend
on to the nape ; wings brownish black, greater coverts and some of
secondaries broadly edged with pure white : tail black, with bright
purple-blue edgings : beneath, chin white, passing into golden yellow
on the throat and sides of the neck ; breast and belly yellow, with
regular narrow transverse bars of black ; centre of belly and crissum
deep purple-blue ; under wing-coverts black, with white tips ; a

3. EUCICHLA. 447

small bar of white across the inner webs of the primaries at their
bases ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 7*7 inches, wing 4, tail
2#5. Female similar, but not so bright ; crown brown : under
surface yellowish white, regularly barred across, and without the
purple on the abdomen.

Hah. Borneo.

This is an exaggerated form of E. cyanura, but quite distinct,
with its brighter yellow breast and the purple blotch on the abdomen.

a. S ad. sk. Banjermassing {Motley). Wallace Coll.

b, c. S ad. ; d. § Borneo. Gould Coll.
ad. sk.

e. <$ ad. sk. Kudat, Borneo {Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

3. Eucichla boschi.

Pitta boschi, Midi. 8f Schleg. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 5, t. i. ; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213 ; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. C. i. p. 398 ;
Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273 ; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. xxxi. ; id. Ibis,
1870, p. 421 ; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 309 (Sumatra) ; Kelham,
Ibis, 1881, p. 510 (Perak) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra) ;
Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 83.

Eucichla boschi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2 ; Gould, 3Ion. Pitt.
pi. 3.

Pitta elegans, Temm. PI. Col. 591 texte (1836); Less. Voy. Bonite,
Zool. p. 78. t. 3 ; Sehleg. Toy. Ned. Bid. p. 26, pi. 6. tig. 5 ; id.
Mus. P.-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et p. 17 (1874) ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 256 ; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107.
" Pitta affinis, Baffles," Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273.

Above clear reddish brown ; front and superciliaries yellow, passing
into brilliant orange on the occiput ; coronal patch and sides of head,
which unite round the nape, black ; wings brownish black, with
very broad white tips to the greater coverts, and white edgings at
the ends of some of the secondaries : tail black, broadly edged with
bright purple : beneath, throat white, passing into pale yellow at
the sides of the neck ; abdomen very dark purple, with the sides of
the breast crossed by regular narrow bars of reddish orange, which
bars are faintly perceptible on the middle of the breast ; under
wing-coverts black, with white edgings ; a small white bar across
the inner webs of the two outer primaries at their bases ; bill black ;
feet brown : whole length 8 inches, wing 3*9, tail P5. Female.
Above similar, but colours not so bright : beneath, abdomen regularly
barred across throughout, and without the purple colour.

Hah. Sumatra and Malacca.

The orange occiput and purple belly at once distinguish this
splendid species.

a. cS ad. st. Malacca {Cantor). India Museum.

b. $ ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.

c. d. $ ad. ; e-h. Malacca. Hume Coll.
$ ad. ; i. Jr. sk.

448 pittid^:.

j. 9ad.sk. Mt.Ophir, Malacca {Wardtavo Tweeddale Coll.

Ramsay).

k. Ad. sk. Malacca (Mainyay). Tweeddale Coll.

/. $ ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Pinwill [0.].

m. c? ad. sk. Malacca. India Museum.

n-p. $ 5 ad. sk. ; Malacca. J. Gould, Esq.

q. 2 a(i- sk.

j-.cJad.sk. Singapore (?). LordEllenborough[P.].

s, t. Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Buxton). Tweeddale Coll.

u, v. d 2 a(i- sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace [C.].

w. <5 ad.sk. Sumatra. J. Gould, Esq.

x. $ ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.

4. Eucichla ellioti.

Pitta ellioti, Oust. Nouv. Arch. d. Mm. x. Bull. p. 101, pi. ii. ; id.

Bull. Soc. Philmn. 1878, p. 206; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 66.
Eucichla ellioti, Gould, Mon. Pitt. pi. 6.

Above ultramarine blue, shaded with green and brownish ; head
emerald-blue, brighter on the front ; band through the eye to nape
black ; tail blue ; throat clear blue, breast ashy green ; abdomen
yellow, transversely banded with black ; large patch in middle of
belly dark blue ; crissum black, tipped with blue ; back dark reddish
brown. Female similar, but head and throat brown ; back green.

Hab. Cochin China and Cambodja.

Apparently a very distinct species, of which I have abbreviated
the description from Gould's work. Two specimens in the Paris
Collection are the only examples yet received in Europe.

5. Eucichla gurneyi.

Pitta gurneyi, Hume, Sir. F. iii. p. 296, pi. iii., et viii. p. 94; Hume
et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 244 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 73.

Eucichla gurneyi, Gould, Mon. Pitt. pi. 5 ; Oates, B. Br. Bunn. i.
p. 418.

Above clear brown ; front half and sides of head, extending round
the nape, black ; occiput and nape brilliant blue, with pointed
feathers ; wings blackish brown, inner secondaries slightly edged
with whitish ; tail black, broadly edged with blue : beneath, chin
whitish, passing into bright yellow on the throat and sides of the
neck ; abdomen black ; flanks yellow, with narrow black cross
bands ; under wing-coverts black, spotted with white ; a small
white cross bar at the bases of the primaries on their inner webs ;
bill black ; feet pale brown ; whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail
2-1. Female. Above brown ; more yellowish on the head ; tail blue ;
sides of head black ; beneath dirty white, with narrow black cross
bars ; throat white.

Hab. Tenasserim.

The contrast of the bright blue crown and yellow throat with
the jet-black abdomen renders this one of the most striking species
of the family.

4. COEACOPITTA. 449

a. rf ad. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim ( W. Davison). Hume Coll."

b-q.rfad.; Bankasoon, Tenasserim ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

r-i'. $ ad. sk.

./'• $ ad. sk. Palawtonton, Malawon, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

( W. Davison),

h' . J ad. sk. Malawon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.

I'. <S ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah (IF. Davi- Hume Coll.

son). (Types of the species.)

to', n'. tf 2 ad. sk. Bankasoon, Tenasserim ( W.Davison). Gould Coll.

4. COEACOPITTA*. _,

Type.
Melampitta, Schlegel, Nat. Tijdschr. iv. p. 47 (1873) M. lugubris.

Until anatomical investigations have been made, it must remain
doubtful whether this type should be referred to the Pitiidce or to the
Timeliidcef. The single species known is restricted to New Guinea.

Head of Melampitta lugubris.

It is peculiar for its uniform black plumage, short erect frontal
plumes, long legs, and comparatively elongated tail.

1. Coracopitta lugubris.

Pitta lugubris, Rosenb. Heist, n. d. Geelvinkb. p. 138 (1875).
Melampitta lugubris, Schlegel, Nat. Tijdschr. iv. p. 47; Sclater,

P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 696 ; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. ii. pi. 6 ; id. Mon.

Pitta, pi. 10; Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 147, et xvi.

p. 186 ; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 405.

Uniform black ; bill and feet black : whole length 5-6 inches,
wing 3-2, tail 17.
Hob. New Guinea.

a. 5 ad. sk. Arfak Mts., New Guinea. L. Laglaize [C.].

* Melampitta, in its correct form Melanopitta, is abeady in use for a subgenus
of Pitta. I propose therefore to replace it by Coracopitta.
t Of. Salvad. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 405.

2g

450

Family VIII. XENICID^.

Our knowledge that the two peculiar forms of New Zealand —
Acanihidositta and Xenicus, are non-Oscinine is entirely due to the
researches of Forhes, who investigated their anatomical structure
in 1882*. Forbes showed that the syrinx in these two genera is

A. Syrinx of Xenieus lovqipes, front view. B. Hind view, in Lateral
tracheal muscle. (P. Z. S. 1882, p. 570.)

mesomyodian, and that the presence of a tenth external primary
and the nou-bilaminate tarsus are further indications of their non-
Osciuine affinities. In other points the Xenitidee, as Forbes named
the family, conform to the general Passerine type. There is no
trace of a plantar vinculum, the arrangement of the tensor patagii
brevis is Passerine, the main artery of the leg is the sciatic, and the
sternum has a single pair of posterior notches and a bifid ma-
nubrium.

On the whole the Xenicidce must be held to be more nearly allied
to the Pittidee than to any other Passerine form yet known. But
they have only 10 rectrices instead of 12 — the normal Passerine
number, and the scutellation of the tarsus is different.

The two known genera of Xenicidee are entirely confined to New
Zealand, no Australian form with similar structure having been yet
met with, although it is quite possible that such may be hereafter
discovered

My account of these three birds is freely adopted from Sir W. Lt
Puller's new edition of his ' Birds of New Zealand,' by the kind
permission of the author.

Key to the Genera.

Bill very thin, compressed, pointed;
tarsi thin, about twice the length of
the hind toe

Bill stouter, more broadened at the
base ; tarsi stouter, longer, more than
twice the length of the hind toe . .

1. ACANTHIDOSITTA, p. 451.

2. Xenicus, p. 452.

See P. Z. S. 1882, p. 569.

1. ACANTHIDOSITTA. 451

1. ACANTHIDOSITTA.

Type.

Acanthisitta, Lafr. May. de Zool. 1842, pi. 27 A. chloris.

Acanthidositta, Bidler, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113 (1887) A. chloris.

As indicated by its name, this form is peculiar for its slender,
thorn-like bill. Acanthidositta builds its nest in holes of trees and
in other cavities, composed of leaves and plants, and lays white eggs.

1. Acanthidositta chloris.

Sitta chloris, Sparrm. Mm. Carls, pi. 33 (1787).

Acanthisitta chloris, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 219; Finsch, J.f. 0. 1867,

p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 183 ; Pelz.

Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316 ; Hutton, Cat. B.

of N. Z. p. 8 (1871) ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 392 ; Forbes, P. Z. S.

1882, p. 569; Buller, B. N. Z. p. 112; id. Man. B. N. Z. p. 15

(1882).
Acanthidositta chloris, Buller, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113.
Citrine Warbler, .Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 464.
Motacilla citrina, Gin. 8. 2V. i. p. 979 (1788).
Sylvia citrina, Lath. lnd. Orn. ii. p. 529.
Acanthisitta citrina, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6 ; Ellman,

Zool. 1861, p. 7466.
Sitta punctata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de lAslr. i. p. 221, pi. 18. fig. 1

(1830).
Acanthisitta punctata, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6 ; Ellman,

Zool. 1861, p. 7466.
Motacilla citrinella, Forst. Descr. An. p. 89 (1844).
Acanthiza tenuirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1841, p. 242.
Acanthisitta tenuirostris, Lafr. May. de Zool. 1842, Ois. pi. 27.

Upper parts dull green, tinged with yellow on the wings and
rump ; throat, breast, and underparts generally fulvous white, with
a tinge of yellow on the sides of the body and abdomen ; a streak
over and beyond the eyes and a lower-eyelid fringe of fulvous white ;
wing-feathers black, edged on their outer webs with green, and
crossed by a band of dull yellow immediately below the coverts,
which are black : the first tertial white on its outer web ; tail-
feathers black, tipped with fuscous ; irides and bill dark brown ;
legs and feet paler brown, changing to yellow on the under surface
of the toes : length 3 inches, wing 1-5, tail *95. Female. Crown,
hind neck, and upper back olivaceous yellow, each feather margined
with brown ; lower back and rump olivaceous yellow tinged with
green ; tail-coverts dull green : beneath buffy white, sides washed
with yellow ; wing-feathers dusky, margined on the outer web and
marked at the base with olivaceous yellow ; superior wing-coverts
black ; outer tortials margined with white ; innermost secondary
with an oblong spot of yellowish white on the outer vane ; tail
black, tipped with fulvous. Young. Duller, and suffused with yel-
lowish brown ; breast with numerous elongated brown striations.

Hub. North and South Islands of New Zealand.

2g 2

452 XENICID-ai.

a, b. Ad. st. New Zealand. Purchased.

c. S ad. ; d, e. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].

2 ad. sk.

f, 9- 6 2 ad. sk. New Zealand. Eyton Coll.

'h,'i. d ad. ; j-l, New Zealand. Purchased.

o ad. sk.

m. Ad. sk. New Zealand (T. J. Parker). Sclater Coll.

2. XENICUS. „

Type.
Xenicus, G. B. Gray, Cat. of Gen. of B. p. 31 (1855) . . X. longipes.

The larger, longer tarsi and the more broadened bill at once
distinguish this form from Acanthidositta.

The nest appears to be like that of Acanthidositta, but of more
finished construction. The eggs are of a spotless white.

Key to the Species.

A. Above dark green ; beneath usky 1. longipes, p. 452.

B. Above brown ; beneath pale brown 2. gilviventris, p. 453.

1. Xenicus longipes.

Long-legged Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 465 (1783).
Motacilla longipes, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 979 (1788, ex Lath).
Sylvia longipes, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 529 (1790).
Acanthisitta longipes, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, App. p. 6 (1842) ;

Ellman, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7466.
Xenicus longipes, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 218; Finsch, J.f 0. 1867,

p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171,184; Pelz.

Verh. Jc.-k.zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316; Butter, Birds of Neiu

Zealand, p. 115 (1873) ; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 116 ; id. Man. B. of

N Z p. 14 (1882) ; id. B. of N. Z. ed. ii. p. 108 ; Hutton, Cat.

B. of N. Z. p. 7 (1871) ; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 37 ; Forbes, P. Z. S.

1882, p. 569.
Xenicus stokesii, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 219 ; Finsch, J. f. O. 1867,

p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, p. 184.

Upper parts dark green, tinged with yellow, shading into dark
brown on the forehead and crown ; sides of the head black, with a
broad superciliary streak of white extending beyond the ears, and
then changing to yellow ; sides, thighs, and rump bright greenish
yellow ; fore-neck, breast, and abdomen cinereous grey, with a
beautiful gloss (sometimes tinged with cobalt), and softening into
greyish white on the throat; lining of wings pale yellow; quills,
on their outer webs, and the tail-feathers olivaceous green ; irides
and bill brownish black ; tarsi and toes pale brown : length 4
inches, wing 2-25, tail 1. Female. Upper parts umber-brown,
tino-ed with yellowish green, especially on the rump ; crown shaded
with purplish brown ; superciliary streak white ; throat, sides of
the neck, breast, and upper part of abdomen delicate vinous brown ;
sides of the body, flanks, and thighs dull lemon-yellow ; inner
lining of wings pure yellow.

Hub. South Island of New Zealand.

2. xenicus. 453

a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].

b. $ ad. sk. Milford Sound, New Zealand. Colonial Mu3eum.

c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll.

2. Xenicus gilviventris.

Xenicus gilviventris, Peheln, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867,
p. 316 ; Hutton, Cat. B. of N. Z. p. 7 (1871) ; Finsch, J.f. 0. 1870,
p. 251, 1872, pp. 83, 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 184; Buller, Birds of
New Zealand, p. 117 (1873) ; id. Man. B. of N. Z. p. 15 (1882) ; id.
Birds of Neiu Zealand, ed. ii. p. 111.

Acantliisitta gilviventris, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 183.

Xenicus haasti, Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 37 ; Finsch, J. f. 0. 1870, p. 251,
1872, p. 83, et 1874, p. 184.

Acantliisitta liaasti, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 183.

Upper parts dull olive-brown, with a greyish gloss, darker on the
forehead and crown, and tinged on the back, wing-coverts, and
rump with yellowish green : sides of the head dark brown, with a
narrow superciliary streak of fulvous white, widening above the
ears : underparts delicate purplish brown, with a silky appearance,
and fading into fulvous white at the base of the lower mandible ;
the sides of the body lemon-yellow; wing-feathers brown, the
primaries margined on their outer webs with dull olive ; the secon-
daries with an apical spot of fulvous on their outer webs ; tertials
and lesser wing-coverts black, forming a conspicuous triangular
spot ; inner lining of wings pale yellow : tail-feathers dull olive ;
irides and bill blackish brown ; tarsi and toes pale brown, claws
darker: length 3-7 inches, wing 2-1, tail 0-75. Female. Similar,
but upper parts dull yellowish brown, shaded with umber on the
crown, and tinged with yellowish olive on the wings and rump ;
the superciliary streak less distinct ; and the underparts pale
fulvous, stained on the sides of the body with lemon-yellow.

Rah. South Island of New Zealand.

a. Ad. sk. Rirnusaka Hills, New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].

454 ETTKTL^MID^;.

Family IX. EURYL^MID^.

The Ewylcemidce have heen variously arranged by naturalists,
but until recently have been usually referred to the neighbourhood
of Coracicts, and considered to be non-Passerine *. Nitzsch, in his
celebrated ' Pterylography,' first showed that the pterylosis of
Eurylannns is that of the Passeres; and Blanchard subsequently
figured the sternum, and proved that this is also of the Passerine
form, although the manubrium sterni is unforked, contrary to what
is generally the case in the typical Passeres t.

In 1877 + Garrod further showed that the palate of these birds is
truly Passerine, but that they differ singularly from all other known
Passeres in the structure of the foot. The tendon of the flexor

Left foot of Cymborhynehus macrorhynchus viewed from behind, to show the deep
plantar tendons, and the vinculum (v.) which the flexor longits hallucis
(f.l.h.) sends to the tendon of the flexor profundus digitorum (f.p.d.).
The skin has been turned aside, and the superficial flexors removed ; the
flexor hallucis longus has been cut short and displaced.

(P.Z.S. 1880, p. 382.)

longus hallucis sends out a strong vinculum to join the tendon of
the flexor profundus digitorum, as is the case in nearly all non-
Passerine birds in which a hallux is developed.

* See the author's remarks, Ibis, 1872, p. 177.
t Ann. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 110 (185'.)).
\ P. Z. S. 1877, p. 447.

1. CALYPTOMENA. 455

In 1880 Forbes took up the subject, and gave us accurate de-
scriptions of the trachea of the Eurylcemidce *, which had not been
previously examined. He proved by his study of this organ that the
Eurylcemidce are Mesomyodians of the non-Tracheophonine division.
But, looking to the important points of the retention of the plantar
vinculum and to the non-forked manubrium sterni, Forbes concluded
that, as had already been suggested by Garrod, the Eurylcemidce
ought to form a main division of the Passeres by themselves under
the title " Desmodactyli," while all other Passeres should be
denominated " Eleutherodactyli." f

This view as to the position of the Eurylcemidce is nearly what is
adopted in the present volume, except that it seems more convenient
to place them at the end of the other Oligomyodian Passeres, instead
of after the Tracheophonce.

The Eurylcemidce may be considered as one of the typical
families of the Oriental Region, to which they are strictly confined.
They are most developed in Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, but extend
westwards into the sub-Himalayan forests of Northern Bengal and
eastwards into the Philippine Islands.

Key to the Subfamilies.

A. Frontal plumes projecting forwards and

covering the nostrils ; tail very short,

nearly square ; bill short ; chin-angle

carried forward 1. CALYPTOMENINjE,

A. Frontal plumes recumbent, not covering [p 455,

the nostrils; tail long, much rounded;

bill longer; chin-angle not carried

forward 2. EURYLjEMIN^E,

[p. 457.

Subfamily I. CALYPTOMENINtE.

1. CALYPTOMENA.

Type.
Calyptomena, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc.sm. p. 295 (1822). . C. v'iridis.

This genus, which has been variously placed by the older authors,
is no doubt closely related to the Eurylcemi, of which it is an aberrant
form. In the structure of the tarsi, pterylosis, form of the sternum,
and othor essential points, the two groups nearly approximate,
although, as Mr. Davison tells us, they by no means agree in habits,
food, or note. To the typical species, which extends from Tenas-
serim to Borneo, a second, highly developed form from Kinabalu
has recently been added.

* P.Z.S. 1880, p. 383.

t Forbes, P.Z.S. 1880, p. 391.

456 1. ETTRYL^MIDiE.

Key to the Species.

A. Smaller : neck in front green like the body . . 1. viridis, p. 456.

B. Larger : large neck-patch black 2. whiteheadi, p. 457

1. Calyptomena viridis.

Calyptomena viridis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 295 (Sumatra) 5
Horsf. Zool. Res. pi. 53 ; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 102 (Malacca) ;
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 196 ; id. B. Burn. p. 124 ; Horsf.
8> Moore, Cat. B. E.I. Co. Mus. i. p. 120; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 267 (Malacca) ; Sol. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214 (Borneo) ; Walden,
Ibis, 1872, p. 369 (N. Borneo) ; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov.
xiii. p. 452 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 106 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov.
xiv. p. 197 (Sumatra) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), et
viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 22, et
1879, p. 263 ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Tweeddale, Ibis,
1877, p. 317 (Sumatra) ; Hume 8f Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 86, 499
(Tenasserim) ; Nicholson, Lbis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra) ; Oates, B.
Brit. Burm. i. p. 422 ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo).

Rupicola viridis, Temm. PI. Col. 216 (1823).

Pipra viridis, Wagl. Ids, 1830, p. 929.

Calyptomena rafflesia, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 296 (1838).

Calyptomena caudacuta, Sic. An. in Menag. p. 296 (1838).

Bright shining green, rather duller on the belly ; a small spot in
front of the eyes bright yellow ; concealed spot at the base of the
frontal plumes, a large spot behind the ear-coverts, and three bands
across the wing-coverts black ; ends of outer primaries and inner
portions of rest of wing-feathers also black ; bill yellowish ; feet
horn-colour : whole length 6 inches, wing 4-2, tail 1-5. Female
similar, but not so bright; black spots absent; inner portions of
wing-feathers brownish black.

Sab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java(?), and Borneo.

a-c. $ ad. ; d. Amherst, Tenasserim {Davison). Hume Coll.

2 jr. ; e. Ad.sk.

/. S ad. sk. Palawtonton, Tenasserim (Davi- Hume Coll.

son).

g. J ad. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.

h-o. S ad. ; p-8- Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davi- Hume Coll.

2 ad. sk. son).

t. 2 ad. sk. Malewoon, B. Burmah (Davi- Hume Coll.

son),

u-w. S ad. ; x, Nwalaboo, Brit. Burmah (Davi- Hume Coll.

y. 2 ad. sk. son).

a. 3 ad.; a'. 2 Tavoy, Brit. Burmah (Davison). Hume Coll.

jr. sk.

b'-m'. <3 ad. ; Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.

n'-s'. 2 ad. ;

t'-x'. 2 jr. sk.

y\ S ad. sk. Salangore (W. Davison). Hume Coll.

z'-c". Ad. ; d"- Malacca. Hiune Coll.

I". Jr. sk.

m". Ad. sk. Malacca. India Museum.

«'. Ad. sk. Malacca. J. Gould, Esq.

1. CALXPTOMENA.

457

o". Ad. sk.

Malacca.

A. R Wallace [C],

p". $ ad. sk.

Ckohong, Malacca

(Davison).

Hume Coll.

q",r''. c? Jad.sk.

Mt. Opkir, Malacca (Ramsay).

Tweeddale Coll.

s", t". c? ad. ;

Malacca (Ramsay).

Tweeddale Coll.

w"-w". J ad. ;

x". $ jr. sk.

y''. <$ jr. sk.

Penang.

India Museum.

z". S ad. sk.

Perak.

L. Wray [C].

a?-f. S ad. ;

Johore (Davison).

Hume Coll.

(f-i\ ? ad.

sk.

/. Ad. sk.

Singapore.

J. Brooks [C.].

A;3, P. J 2 ad.

sk.
m3. <$ ad. ; n3,

Singapore.

Hume Coll.

Sumatra (Bock).

Tweeddale Coll.

o3. $ ad. sk.

p3. (J ad. sk.

Larnpong, Sumatra (E.

C.Bux-

Tweeddale Coll.

ton).

g<3. J ad. sk.

S.E. Sumatra (E.

C. Buxton).

Tweeddale Coll.

r3. Ad. sk.

Sumatra (Raffles).

India Museum.

s3. c? ad. sk.

Marup, Borneo.

Tweeddale Coll.

i3. Ad. sk.

N.E. Borneo.

Tweeddale Coll.

u3. Ad. sk.

Borneo.

Zool. Soc. Coll.

v . Ad. sk.

Borneo.

Purchased.

?{>3. Ad. sk.

S. Borneo.

J. Gould, Esq.

x3. Jr. sk.

E. Indies.

Purchased.

y3. Jr. st.

Java ('?).

Purchased.

2. Calyptornena whitehead!

Calyptomena whiteheadi, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 558 ; id. Ibis, 1888.
p. 231, pi. v.

Bright shining green ; large blotch on the front of the neck
and a spot on each side behind the ear-coverts black ; feathers
of back and breast black, with lanceolate green tips ; tail velvety
black, green at the base ; secondaries slightly edged with blue :
whole length 11 inches, wing 6*35, tail 3-2. Female similar, but
smaller, not so bright, and frontal crest less developed.

Hab. Kinabalu Mountain, Borneo.

The description is taken from the typical specimens in Mr. White-
head's Collection.

/

/
Subfamily II. EURYL^EMINtE.

The typical Eurylcemidce consist of about eight species referable
to six easily distinguished genera, which range all over the Oriental
Region with the exception of the peninsula of India and Ceylon,
and extend from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Archi-
pelago to the Philippines.

The wide gape, which distinguishes these birds generally, is
carried to an excess in Corydon, in which its width is fully equal to
the length of the bill. The food of this subfamily appears to be

458 euryl^mid^;.

mainly insects, while Calyptomena is said to be purely frugivorous.
The Euri/lamhice, so far as their nesting habits are known, appear
to build domed nests suspended from the branches of trees, and to
lay spotted eggs.

Key to the Genera.

A. Nostrils more or less rounded, placed at

the base of the frontal plumes.

«. Tail longer than wing 2. Psahisomus, p. 458.

b. Tad shorter than wing.

a. Bill short; sides of upper man-

dible not overlapping 3. Serilophus, p. 460.

b. Bill longer ; sides of upper man-

dible slightly overlapping.

j With an eye-caruncle .... 4. Sarcophanops, p. 462.
) Without an eye-caruncle . . 5. Euryl.em us, p. 463.

c. Bill very broad and strongly

hooked ; sides of upper man-
dible much overlapping 6. Corydon, p. 466.

B. Nostrils lineiform, placed in a slit in the

middle of the mandible 7. Cymborhynchus, p. 468.

2. PSARISOMUS.

Type.

Psarisonuis, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 261 (1837) P. dalhousias.

Crossodera, Gould, Icon. Av. pi. i. (1837) P. dalhousise.

Raya, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36 (1839) P. dalhousije.

Sinius, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. x. p. 27 (1841) P. dalhousia?.

Simornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844) P. dalhousise.

This lovely bird is structurally distinguished from the other Eury-
Icemi by its very long and much graduated tail, and by the small
frontal plumes which partly conceal the nostrils. It has an extensive
range from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Peninsula to
Borneo.

1. Psarisomus dalhousiae.

Eurylaimus dalhousiae, Jameson, Edinb. N. Ph. J. xviii. p. 389 (1835) ;

Horsfield, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156 (Assam).
Psarisomus dalhousia?, Jevd. B. Ind. i. p. 236 ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 4 ;

Blyth, B. Burnt, p. 126; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiii.

p. 453, et ser. 2, v. p. 574 ; Walden, Ibis, 1875, p. 460 ; Hume,

Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), iii. p. 52 (Upp. Pegu), v. p. 19

(N.E. Cachar); Hume fy Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 88 (Tenasserim);

Bingham, Str. F. viii. p. 193, ix. p. 156 (Tenasserim) ; Oates, Str.

F. x. p. 188 (Pegu) ; id. B. Br. Burnt, i. p. 423 ; Gould, B. Asia,

i. pi. 64 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1887, p. 453 (Borneo).
Eurylaimus (Psarisomus) dalhousise, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. E.I.

Co. Mus. i. p. 117.
Psarisomus assimilis, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53.
Raya sericeogula, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36 (1839).
Simornis (Raya) sericeogula, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844).

2. PSARISOMUS.

459

Eurylaimus (Crossodera) dalhousias, Gould, Icon. Av. pi. i.
Eurylaimus psittaciuus, Mull. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. ii. p. 349, pi. v.

fig. 6, 1835 (Sumatra) ; Temm. PI. Col, 598.
Psarisomus psittacinus, Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 19S

(Sumatra).

Cap and sides of head black ; large patch on the crown and line
at the back of the nape bright blue : narrow front, lores, space below
the eye, and sides of neck adjacent to the blue nuchal baud bright
yellow; spot above the ear-coverts greenish yellow ; whole back and
outer secondaries bright green ; wing-feathers black, with a white
bar on the inner webs of the eight outer primaries, and a large patch
of bright blue occupying the outer webs of the basal portions of all the
primaries ; tail-feathers much graduated, beneath black, above blue :
under surface bright bluish green, throat yellow ; bill horn-colour,
with the culmen and edges yellowish, feet brown ; whole length
105 inches, wing 4*2, tail 5*4. Female similar.

Bab. Eastern Himalayas, and through Assam and Cachar down
to Tenasserim, Sumatra, and Borneo.

d. 5

a. Ad. st.

b, c. Ad. ;

ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g-i. Ad. ; j, k, $

ad. sk.
l-n. Ad. sk.
o-x. Ad. ;y-a'.

Jr. sk.
b'-e'. Ad. ; /, g'.

Jr. sk.
h'. Jr. sk.
i-V. Ad. sk.
m\ Ad. sk.
n', o'. Ad. ek.
p'. Ad. sk.
q'. Ad. sk.
»■'. Ad. sk.

s'. Ad. sk.

t', u'. c? $ ad.; v.

Ad. ; w'-~. Jr.

sk.
a", b". Ad. sk.

c''. Ad. sk.

d", e". d ad.;/".

$ ad. sk.
g". Ad. sk.
h". 3 ad.; i",j".

2 ad. sk.
k", I". 3 ad. ; ?n".

2 ad. ; n". Ad.

sk.

India.
Masuri, India.

Kalsi.

Nainee Tal, Terai.

Gurwhal.

Native Sikhim (Mandelli).
Sikkini (Mandelli).

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Capt. S. Pinwill [C.].

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Darjiling.

Darjiling.

Nepal.

Bhotan.

Busa Doars (Mandelli).

Khasia Hills.

Assam.

Sadhyia, Assam (/. Cock-
burn) .

Dollali, Assam (J. Cockburn).

Shillong, Assam (J. Cock-
burn).

Dibrugkur, Assam (J. B.

Cripps).
N. Cachar Hills.
N. Khasia Hills (A. W.

Channell).
Dilkuska, Cachar (J. Inglis).
Manipur.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
B. H. Hodgson [C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
W. Griffith [C.].
J. McClelland [C.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Ram- Tweeddale Coll.

4:60 EURTL^MID^:.

o". Ad. sk. Tongkoo, British Burmah Tweeddale Coll.

( Wardlaio Ramsay),
p". $ ad. sk. Pegu Hills, E. slopes. E. W. Oates [C.].

q". S ad. sk. Western Hills of Pegu Hume Coll.

(Oates).
r". rf ad. sk. N.W. slopes, Mooleyit Hume Coll.

(Davison),
s", t". rf ad. sk. Mooleyit (Davison). Plume Coll.

u"-x". c? ad. ; y", Meetan, Tenasserim ( W. Hume Coll.

z'1. $ ad. sk. Davison).

a3, c? ad. sk. Nellaybro (J. Darling, Jr.). Hume Coll.

b3. J ad. sk. Thoungyeen r. (Binqham). Hume Coll.

c3-e3. 2 ad. ;f3. Tkoimgyah (J. Darling, Jr.). Hume Coll. ;

d jr. sk.
g3. Ad. sk. Kangoon. Capt. Bingham [P.].

h3. S ad. ; Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.

i3-k3. Jr. sk.

3. SERILOPHUS.

Type.
Serilophus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 262 (1837) S. lunulatus.

Two species of Serilophus occupy the hill-ranges of the Asiatic
continent, from Sikhim to Tenasserim, but have not yet been met
with in the Malay Archipelago. They are distinguished among the
Eurylcemince for their comparatively narrow bill, much rounded tail,
and smooth silky plumes.

Key to the Species.

A. Forehead pale grey ; nape brownish 1. lunatus, p. 460.

B. Whole head above uniform dark grey 2. rubropygius, p. 461.

1. Serilophus lunatus.

Eurylaimus lunatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 133 ; id. Trans. Zool.

Soc. i. p. 176, t. 25 ; G. R. Gray, List of B. B. M. pt. ii. sect. 1,

p. 37 ; Horsf. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156.
Serilophus lunatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 262; id. Flycatch. p. 242;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 169 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. p. 196 ; id. B.

Burm. p. 125 ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), iii. p. 53

(Upp. Pegu), viii. p. 86 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1875, p. 352 (Burmah) ;

Davison, Str. F. v. p. 455 (Burmah) ; Hume §■ Dav. Str. F. vi.

pp. 89, 499 (Tenasserim) ; Oates, Sir. F. viii. p. 164 (Burmah),

x. p. 188 (Pegu) ; id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 424 ; Gould, B. Asia,

i. pi. 62 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157 (Tenasserim) ; Salvad. Ann.

Mus. Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. p. 574 (Tenasserim).
Eurylairnus (Serilophus) lunatus, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. E.I. Co.

Mus. i. p. 118.

Above pale brownish grey, front pure grey ; a long superciliary
stripe black ; rump and upper tail-coverts brownish chestnut ; wings
black, crossed by a broad bluish bar beyond the coverts, and with
a white bar on the inner webs and white tips to the outer primaries ;
outer secondaries and tips of some of the wing-feathers rufous like

3. SERILOPHUS.

461

the back ; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white :
beneath greyish white, becoming pure white on the belly ; thighs
black ; bill plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges ; feet
blackish : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 2-6. Female similar,
but breast crossed by one or more narrow silvery bands.
Hob. Burmah.

a, b. c? ad.; c, d.

2 ad.; e,f.

Ad. sk.
g. 2 ad- sk.
h. Ad. ; i. 2 ad.

sk.
/, k. 6 2 ad. ;

I. Ad. sk.
m, n. <5 ad. ; o.

2 ad. sk.
p. cJ ad. sk.
q-s. cj ad. ; t, u.

2 ad. sk.
v. 2 ad. sk.

w-a'. S ad. ; b'. 2

ad. sk.
c'. cJ ad. ; d. Ad.

sk.
e'. tf ad. ; /. 2

ad. sk.
(/'. 2 ad. sk.

h'. 2 ad. sk.
i'. <$ ad. sk.]
f. d ad. ; k'. 2

ad.; I'. Ad.

sk.
m'. <$ ad. ; n', o'.

2 ad. sk.
p', q'. $ ad. sk.
r'. (J ad. sk.
s\ t'. S ad. sk.
w', v'. 2 ad. sk.
w'. Ad. sk.
x'. Ad. sk.

Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale CoU.

Karenee (Wardlaw Ramsay).
Tonghoo ( Wardlaw Ramsay).

Pegu Hills.

West Pegu Hills (Oates).

Lower Pegu.

Pahpoon, Tenasserim ( W. Davi-

sori).
Thenganee Sakhan, Tenasserim

(Davison),
Thoungyah, Tenass. (Darling).

Thoungyah, road to Myawadee

(Darison).
Thoungshaj^en, Tenass. (Davison).

Thoungshayen, Tenass. (Bing-
ham).
Kaukaryit, Tenass. (Davison).
Assoun, Tenass. (Davison).
Mouleyit, Tenass. (Davison).

Meetan, Tenass. (Davison).

Amherst, Tenass. (Davison).
Omaguoen, Tenass. (Davison).
Nwalaboo, Tenass. (Davison).
Nwalaboo, Tenass. (Darling).
Tenasserim.
Indian Archipelago.

2. Serilophus rubropygius.

Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.

E. W. Oates [C.].

Hume Coll.

E. W. Oates [C.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hetfer [C.].
Purchased.

Paya rubropygia, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36.

Serilophus rubropygius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 169 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 238 ;

id. Ibis, 1872, p. 4 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. p. 196 ; id. B.

Burm. p. 125 ; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 349 ; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53,

viii. p. 86, ix. p. 247 (Cachar) ; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 425 ;

Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 63.
Eurylaimus (Serilophus) rubropygius, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. E.I.

Co. Mas. i. p. 119.

Above dark grey, slightly washed with brown on the inter-

462

ElTRTX^EMID^;.

scapulium ; long superciliary stripe black ; rump and upper tail-
coverts chestnut-red ; wings black, crossed by a bluish band above
the coverts and by another occupying the outer webs at their tips,
also by a white band beneath across the inner webs ; outer secondaries
and tips of the inner webs of the inner primaries chestnut, like the
back; a row of sniall white spots adjacent to the second bluish
band ; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white : beneath
grey, more whitish on the belly ; bill plumbeous, with yellowish tip
and edges ; feet pale greenish brown : whole length 6*5 inches, wing
3*3, tail 2-8. Female similar, but with a narrow silvery white
breast-collar.

Hub. Nepal and Eastern Himalayas to Arrakan.

«-/. Ad. sk.

g-i. $ ad. ;j, k.

2 ad. ; l-p.

Ad. sk.
q-v. Ad. sk.
to. S ad. ; x. Ad.

y,

z. Ad. sk.
cJ ad. sk.

b'. S ad. sk.
c'. 5 ad. ; d', e'.

Ad. sk.
/. d ad. sk.

g'. j£ ad. sk.

Nepal.

Sikkirn {Mandelli).

Darjeeling.

Bkotan Doars {Mandelli).

Assam.

Dilkouskah, Cachar (J.
Lnglis).

Manipur {Hume).

N. Khasia Hills {A. W.
Che.nnell).

Dikrang Valley ( Godwin-
Austen).

Harmutti {Godioin-
Austen).

B. H.Hodgson, Esq. [G.].

(Typical specimens.)
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

McClelland [C.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

4. SARCOPHANOPS.

Type.

Sarcopbanops, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, vol. i. Zool.
p. 344 (1879) S. steerii.

The discovery of a Eurylsemid in the Philippines is of great
interest, as affording further evidence of the essential connection of
the Philippine fauna with that of the Oriental Region.

Sarcophanops is most nearly allied, I think, to Eurylamus, but
distinguished from that and every other form of the group by the
naked skin round the eye and the rather feebler feet.

1. Sarcophanops steerii.

Eurylasmus steerii, Sharpe, Nature, vol. xiv. p. 297 (Aug. 1876).
Sarcophanops steerii, Sharpie, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, vol. i. Zool.

p. 344, pi. 54 (Basilan) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 65 ; Tiveeddale, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 110 (Dioagat), et 1879, p. 70 (Basilan); Wardlaw

Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 658.

Above dark grey ; cap dark purple, with a small vertical scarlet

5. EHRYL^MUS. 463

spot, and divided from the back by a white ring round the neck ;
rump and tail chestnut ; wings black, with a distinct white cross-band
on the secondaries, which is bordered externally with bright yellow
on the inner secondaries : beneath white, much tinged with vina-
ceous ; throat and sides of head black ; bill plumbeous, with pale tip
and edges ; feet slaty : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2-5.
Female similar, but breast pure white.
Hab. Philippines.

a. Ad. sk. Basilan, Philippines. J. B. Steere [C.].

(One of the typical specimens.)

b, c. r$ ad. ; d, e. Basilan, Philippines {A. Tweeddale Coll.
2 ad. sk. Everett).

f. § ad. sk. Dinagat, Philippines (A. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett).

5. EURYL^MUS.

Type.
Eurylainius, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170 (1822) E. javanicus.
Platyrhynchos, Vieill. Gal. Ois. vol. i. p. 199 (1825) . . E. javanicus.

The typical genus Eurylmnus, as now limited, contains but two
species, which range from Tenasserim southwards over the Malay
Peninsula and Sunda Islands. As regards its large, strong, much
widened beak, it is only surpassed by Corydon.

Key to the Species.

A. Larger : head and throat vinaceous 1. javanicus, p. 463.

B. Small : head and throat black 2. ochromelas, p. 465.

1. Eurylsemus javanicus.

Euiylsernus javanicus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170; id. Zool.

lies. pi. 54; Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; Less. Man. cTOrn.

i. p. 175 ; id. Tr'aite d'Orn. p. 201 ; Blyth, Cat. B. A. S. p. 195 ;

id. B. Burm. p. 125 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168 ; Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E.I. Co. p. 116 ; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 267 (Malacca) ; Cab. et Heme,

Mus. Hein. ii. p. 121 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 369 (N. Borneo) ;

Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 57 ; Salvad. tlcc. Born. p. 107 ; Davison,

Str.F. v. p. 456 (nest) (Burniah) : Hume 8c Dav. Str. F. vi. pp. 89,

499 (Tenasserim) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii.

pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula) ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157

(Tenasserim) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 48, 1877, p. 22, et 1879,
• p. 263 (Borneo) ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 14 (Sumatra) ;

Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 88 (Borneo) ;

Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 427 ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407

(Borneo).
Eurylainius horsfieldi, Temm. PI. Col. 130, 131 (1823); Sic. Flycatch.

p. 240, pi. 30; Wagl. Syst. Av. Euryl. sp. 3.
Platyrhynchos horsfieldi, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 200, t. jexxv.
Javan Tody, Lath. G. H. iv. p. 96.

Above black ; broad central patch in the middle of the back, large
spot on the scapularies and upper tail-coverts, and bar on the outer

464

ECKYl.a3HID.33.

webs of tho secondaries bright yellow ; whole head vinaceous purple,
rather brighter on the nape and blacker on the front ; tail black,
with a row of pale fulvous-white subterminal spots : beneath
vinaceous purple, darker on the throat and more reddish on the
belly : thighs brownish black ; crissum rufous ; narrow pectoral
baud black ; under wing-coverts yellow ; bill dark plumbeous, culmen
yellowish ; feet pale hazel : whole length 8*3 inches, wing 4, tail 2*7.
Female similar, but without the black pectoral band.

Hab. Tenasserim, and south throughout the Malay Peninsula to
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. ; e. Jr. sk.
d. 5 ad. sk.
e,f. S ad.; g.

2 ad. sk.
h. c? ad. ; i. 2

ad. sk.
j. <5 ad. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.

I. <$ ad. sk.
m. S ad. sk.
n, o. S 2 ad. sk.
p. 2 ad. sk.
q. j ad. sk.
r, s. 2 ad. sk.

t-v. S ad. ; w. 2

ad. sk.
x. $ ad. sk.

y. $ ad. sk.

z-c'. J ad. ; d'-f.

2 ad. sk.
(f. Jr. sk.
h'. Jr. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
/. 2 ad- sk.
k', V. 2 ad. sk.
?u'. <$ ad. ; n'-p'.

2 ad.; q'. Jr. sk
r'. Ad. sk.
s'. Jr. sk.
P. Ad. ; m'. 2 ad.

Karen Hills.
Tonghoo, Brit. Burmah.
Meetan, Tenasserim {Davison).
Amherst, Tenasserim {Davison).

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Lemyne, Tenasserim {Davison). Hume Coll.

Yea, Tenasserim {Davison).
Omagoen, Tenasserim {Davi-
son).
Zadee, Tenasserim Davison).
Metlay, Tenasserim {Davison).
Ahsoon, Tenasserim.
Tavoy, Tenasserim {Davison).
Amya, Tenasserim {Mandelli).
Nwalaboo, Tenasserim {Davi-
son).
Bankasoon, Tenasserim {Davi-
son).
Thoungyah, Tenasserim {J.

Darling).
Thoungyeen r., Tenasserim

{Bingham).
Klang, Salangore {Davison).

Malacca.

Malacca.

Malacca.

Nealys, Malacca {Davison).

Singapore.

Johore {Davison).

Cambodja {Mouhot).

Saigon.

Sumatra.

u'. cJ ad. ; w'. Ad. Sumatra {Bock).

sk.

x\ Ad. sk. Java {Horsfield).

y'. Ad. sk. Billiton.

z', a". Jr. sk. Jambusan, Borneo {Everett),

b". (5 ad. sk. Marup, Borneo {Everett).

c". Ad. ; d". Jr. sk. East Indies.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
Dr. Cantor [C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Purchased.
A. R. Wallace [C.].

Tweeddale Coll.

India Mus. (Type

of the species.)
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.

5. ETJRVL.EMUS. 405

2. Eurylaemus ochromelas.

Eurylaimus ochromelas, Raffles, Tram. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 297 (1822) ;

Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 053 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. p. 195 ;

id. B. Burm. p. 125 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 ; Moore, P. Z. S.
1854, p. 207 (Malacca) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. p. 110; Gould,

B. Asia, i. pi. 58 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 122 ; Walden,

Ibis, 1872, p. 370; Pelz. Novara-Reise, Vdg. pp. 43, 101; Salrad.

Ucc. Born. p. 108 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 198 (Sumatra) ;

Hume Sf Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 91 (Tenasserim) ; Hume, Str. F.

ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. pp. 50, 80 (Malay Peninsula) ; Oates,

B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 420; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et

1879, p. 203 (Borneo) ; id. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107 (Labuan), et

1881, p. 798 (Borneo) ; Ticeeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra) ;

Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 04 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 89 (Borneo) ;

Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo).
Eurykenius cucullatus, Temm. PL Col. 201 (1824) ; Wagl. Syst. Av.

Euryl. sp. 4; Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. p. 201.
Euryleemus rafflesi, Less. Compl. Buff. viii. p. 403.
Cynibirhynchus cucullatus, Eytan, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101.

Above black ; stripe down the centre of the back, and spots on
scapularies and outer webs of secondaries yellow ; narrow collar at
back of neck white ; tail black, with a row of square white sub-
terminal spots on the inner webs : beneath white, strongly tinged
with rosy pink on the belly ; throat and broad pectoral collar black ;
under wing-coverts, flanks, and crissum yellow ; thighs black ; bill
plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges ; feet reddish : whole
length 5-5 iuches, wing 2-9, tail 1-9. Female similar, but with the
pectoral collar narrower and incomplete in the middle.

Hah. Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.

a. Ad. st. East Indies. Purchased.

b. d ad. sk. Yea, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.

c. $ ad.sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.

d. $ ad.sk. Takckan, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
e-j. <$ ad.; k, I. Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.

5 ad. ; m. c$

jr. sk.

n. $ ad. ; o. $ Malewoon, Tenasserini(-D«w';io»j. Hume Coll.

ad. sk.

p-v. d ad. ; to- Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.

a'. 2 ad- sk.

b'. J ad. sk. Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.

c'. cj ad. sk. Wellesley Province (Stoliczka). Hume Coll.

d'. $ ad. sk. Penang. Tweeddale Coll.

e'. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace [C.].

f. $ ad. sk. Larup Hills, Terak. L. Wray [C.].

g'. Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.

h'-m'. Ad. ; »', Malacca. Hume Coll.

o'. Jr. sk.

p'. Ad. sk. Malacca. Dr. Cantor [C.].

q\ r'. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.

s'. d ad. sk. Malacca. A. Ii. Wallace [C.].

VOL. XIV. 2 H

4G6

EURYL.SMIDJE.

V, u'. S ad. ; v'.

2 ad. sk.
w'. J ad. ; .r',

y'. J ad. sk.
z, a", d ad. ;

b". $ ad. sk.
<?"-/"• dad.;</"-

m". 2 ad. sk.
n'\ 2 ad. sk.
o". Ad. sk.

p"—r". 3 ad. sk.
a", £". Ad. sk.

m". 2 ad- ; »"«

2 jr. sk.
w", x". Ad. sk.
y" . Ad. sk.
z". Ad. sk.
«'". Ad. sk.

Malacca ( Wardlaiv Ramsay).

Nealys, Malacca (Davison).

Singapore.

Johore (Davison).

Sumatra.
Sumatra.

Sumatra (Bock).
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (Bux-
ton).
Sarawak, Borneo.

N.E. Borneo (Low).
Bedi, Borneo.
Borneo.
Borneo.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Plume Coll.

Hume Coll.

A. R. Wallace [0.1
Sir S. Raffles [0.].
(Type of the species.)
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.

6. CORYDON.

Corydon, Lesson, Man. (TOrn. p. 177 (1828)

Type.
C. sumatranus.

Underside of bill of Corydon.

The enormously widened and strongly hooked bill at once dis-
tinguishes this type of the Eurylcemince, which is further notable
for its dull and uniform coloration, much in contrast with the pre-
vailing style of the group. Corydon extends from Tenasserim
through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.

1. Corydon sumatranus.

Coracias sumatranus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 303 (1822).

Eurylaimus corydon, Temm. PI. Col. 297 ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 261 ;
Wagl. Syst. Av., Euryl. sp. 1 ; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101.

Corydon sumatranus Strickl. Ann. N. H. vi. p. 417 (1841); B/i/th,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 195; id. B. Burnt, p. 125; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 108 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 207 (Malacca) ; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. Ill ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 200 (Sumatra) ; Cab. et
Heine, Mus. Llein. ii. p. 195; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214
(Borneo) ; Hume <J- Dav. Sir. F. vi. p. 97 (Tenasserim) ; Hume,

6. CORYDOST.

467

Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. p. 86 (Malay Penin.), ix. p. 157
(Tenasserim) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 61; Walden, Ibis, 1872,
p. 369 (N. Borneo) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et 1879,
p. 265 (Borneo) ; Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra) ; Nichol-
son, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra\ et 1883, p. 90 (Borneo) ; Oates,
B. Brit. Burnt, i. p. 430; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408
(Borneo).

Corydon temmincki, Less. Man. d'Orn. p. 177 (1828).

Eurylsemus sumatranus, Vigors, Mem. Baffles, p. 653 ; G. B. Gray,
L"ist B. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. sect. 1, p. 37 (1848) ; Pelz. Novara-Beise,
pp. 43, 161.

Eurylaimus (Condon) sumatranus, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E.I. Co. i. p. 117 (1854).

Above dull black, with a large concealed patch of white stained
with crimson in the middle of the back ; alar speculum white :
beneath, middle of throat and breast fulvous white ; rest of under-
pays black as above ; under surface of wing-feathers crossed by a
broad white band : tail black, with a broad white subterminal band
on all the lateral rectrices ; bill above plumbeous, beneath yellowish ;
feet black : whole length 10 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4-3. Female
similar, but tail-band not so broad.

Hub. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.

a, b. Ad. sk.
c. cS ad. ; d, e. 2

ad. sk.
/. c? ad. ; g. $ ad.

sk.
h. <$ ad. ; i. $ ad.

sk.
j, k. cJ ad. sk.
/. <S ad. sk.

m. 5 ad. sk.

n-r. tf ad.; s. 2

ad. sk.
t-w. c? ad. ; x.

2 ad. sk.
y-b'. cJad. ; c', d\
2 ad.; e'. 2
jr. sk.
f-f. Ad. ; k'. Jr.

V. Ad. sk.
m'. cJ ad. sk.
ri. Jr. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
p'. Jr. sk.
q'. Ad. sk.
r'. Ad. sk.
a', V. d 2 ad.
u'. 2 ad- sk.
v', w'. Ad. sk.
x'. Ad. sk.

sk.

Karen Hills ( Wardlaw Ramsay).
Pahpoon, Tenass. [Davison).

Younzaleen Creek, Tenass.
(Dawson).

Tavoy, Tenass. (Davison).

Thoungyah, Tenass. (J. Darling).
Thoungyeen, Tenass. (C. Y.

Bingham).
Thoungyeen r., Tenasserim (C.

T. Bingham).
Bankasoon, Tenass. (Davison).

Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison).

Klang, Salangore (Davison).

Malacca (Davison).

Malacca (Maingay).

Malacca ( Wardlaw Bamsay).

Malacca.

Malacca.

Malacca (Cantor).

Malacca.

Singapore.

Sumatra.

Sumatra ( Wallace).

Sumatra (Bock).

Lampong, Sumatra (Bock).

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P]- ,
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
India Museum.
India Museum.
Purchased.
Hume Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

463 EURYL.EMID.i;.

y'. Ad. sk. Lainpong, Sumatra (Buxton). Tweeddale Coll.

a'. Ad.sk. Sumatra (Wallace). Sal vin-Godnian Coll .

a". Ad. sk. Banjermassing, Borneo (Mottley). A.R.Wallace [P.].

b". $ ad.sk. Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. Sal vin-Godman Coll.

c". $ ad. sk. Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.

d". Ad. sk. East Indies. Gould Coll.

e". Ad. st. East Indies. Purchased.

7. CYMBORHYNCHUS.

Type.
Cymbirliynclius, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 654 (1830) .... C. nasutus.

In Cymborhynchus the bill is not nearly so much widened as in
Corydon, but the form of the nostrils, which lie in a longitudinal
sulcus in the centre of the mandible, renders the genus readily
recognizable from all the other Eurylcemince.

Cymborhynchus extends from Arrakan through the Malay Penin-
sula over the Sunda Islands.

Key to the Species.

A. White bars on tail confined to inner webs. . 1. macrorhijnchus, p. 468.

B. White bars on tail extending over outer webs 2. afflnis, p. 470.

1. Cyrnborhynchiis maerorhynchus.

Great-billed Todv, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 664 ; id. G. H. iv.
p. 94, pi. lxv.

Todus maerorhynchus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 446.

Todns platyrhynchos, Desm. Hist. Nat. Tang. t. 72.

Platyrkynchus nasutus, Vieill. N.D. a"H. Nat. xxvii. p. 15 ; id. Enc.
Meth. p. 844.

Todus nasutus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 268.

Cvmborhynchus maerorhynchus, G. R.Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 06 ; id. List
' B. B. M. ii. sect. 1, p. 38 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. ii. p. 122 : Cab.
J.f. 0. 1853, p. 54 ; Mom-e. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 267 (Malacca) ; Horsf.
et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.l. Co. i. p. 119; Scl. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 214 (Borneo) ; Peh. Novara-Reise, Vbg. pp. 43, 161 ; Blyth, B.
Burm. p. 126; Walden, Lbis, 1872, p. 270 (N.Borneo); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 109 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv.p. 199 (Sumatra) ;
Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay
Peninsula); Davison, Str. F. v. p. 457 (Burmah) ; Hume et
Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 92 (Tenasserim) ; Sharpe, Lbis, 1876,
p. 48, 1877, p. 22, 1879, p. 264 ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo);
Tweeddale, Lbis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra); Bingham, Str. F. ix.
p. 157 (Tenasserim) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 59 ; Kelham, Ibis,
1881, p. 382 (Malay Peninsula) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Su-
matra), et 1883, p. '89 (Borneo) et p. 254 (Sumatra) ; Guillemard,
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408 (Borneo) ; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 428.

Cymbirhynchus malaccensis, Salvad. Att. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ix. p. 425 ;
'Oates, Str. F. iii. p. 336.

Cymbh'uynchus nasutus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 654 ; Sw. Flycatchers,

I . CYMBORHTNCHUS.

469

p. 237, pi xxix. ; Ei/ton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101 (Malacca) : BIyth,

r, • ■",&■?■ xv< p- 311 ; id- CaL B- M- A- & P- 195 J Schomburgk,

Ibis, 1864, p. 258 (Siam). " '

Euryltemus nasutus, r«m»i. PI. Col. 154; Zess. ilfara. dOm. i. p.175 •

H (iff/, Syst. Av. EuryL sp. 2.
Eurvlasmus lemniscatus, iiV/^s, 7Van*. Linn. Soc. xiii. p 296
Erolla nasica, Less. Tr. cTOm. p. 260.

Above black ; rump crimson, more or less varied with yellowish
stripes ; elongated scapularies white : beneath crimson, throat and
breast-band black ; bend of wing yellowish ; under wing-coverts
and row of subterminal spots on the inner webs of the lateral
rectrices white ; bill dark plumbeous, tip and edges greenish ; feet
light plumbeous : whole length 8-8 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3-4. Female
similar.

Bab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.

«. c? ad. ; b. $ ad.

sk.
c. <S ad. sk.
d-g. <3 ad. ; h, 2

ad. sk.
if J. J ad.; k-?i.

_2 ad.; o. $

jr. sk.
p- <3 ad. sk.
q- $ ad sk.
r. 2 ad. sk.
s. d1 ad.; t-v. 2

ad. sk.
w. J ad. sk.
x. $ ad. sk.
y-h'. S ad. ; i'-r'.

2 ad. sk.
*'. 2 ad. sk.
t'. Ad. sk.
u', v'. <$ ad. ; w',

x\ 2 ad. sk.
#'-«". c? ad. ;b"-i".

2 ad. ; j". Ad. ;
*". 2 jr. sk.
I", c? ad. ; m"-v".

Ad. sk.
id". Ad. sk.
*", y"- 6 ad. ; z".

2 ad. sk.
a3. Ad. sk.
b\ c3. Ad. sk.
d3. Ad. sk.

*,/*.<3 **.•,?. 2

ad. sk.
h3-i3.d&d.;f,k3.

2 ad. sk.
l3-n3. d ad. ; o3.

2 ad. sk.

Near Yea, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.

Omagoen, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.

Tavoy (Davison). Hume Coll.

Meigui (Davison). Hume Coll.

Tenasserim (town) (Davison).
Bopyin, Tenass. (Davison).
Takchan, Tenass. (Davison).
Baukasoon, Tenass. (Davison).

Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison).
Kaukaryit, Tenass. (Bingham).
Kossoon, Malay Peninsula (J.

Darling).
Wellesley Province (Davison).
Penang.
Salangore (Davison).

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

A. E. Wallace [C.].

Hume Coll.

Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.

Malacca.

Malacca (Maingay).
Malacca ( Wardlato Ramsay).

Malacca.

Malacca (Cantor).
Malacca.

Kuroo, Malacca (Davison).

Chohong, Malacca (Davison).

Nealys, Malacca (Davison).

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

A. R. Wallace [C.].
India Museum.
W. Harvey, Esq.

[P.]. -
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

470

EURYLJEJIIDJ3.

p3-s3. (J ad. ;

t3-z3. $ ad.sk.
a4, c? ad.: b\c\

2 ad. sk.
d*. <$ ad. ; e\f.

2 ad. sk.
(f. Ad. sk.
A*. Ad. sk.
»4. Ad. sk.
/*. 2 ad. sk.
'kK Jr. sk.
J4. Jr. sk.
ml-pl. Ad. sk.
j4-t'4. c? ad.;

w4-^4. 2 ad. ;

a6, 6s. Ad.sk.
c5-#5. Ad. sk.
A5. Jr. sk.

j'5./. Ad.sk.
k5. Ad. sk.
/5. Ad. sk.
«i5. c? ad. sk.
n5. Ad. sk.

o5. Ad. sk.

Pulo Seban, Malacca (Davi-
son).
Johore (Davison).

Singapore (Davison).

Si am.

Cambodja.

Cainbodja.

Sumatra.

Sumatra.

West coast of Sumatra.

Lauipong, Sumatra (Bock).

Sumatra (Bock).

Labuan.
Labuan (Low),

N.E. Borneo.

S.E. Borneo.

Borneo.

Bedi, Borneo.

Lumbiden, Borneo (Low).

Borneo.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Purchased.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
Purchased.
Dr. Faber[C],
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.]
Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Purchased.

2. Cymborhynchus affinis.

Cymborhynchus affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 312 ; id. Cat. B. M.
A. S. p. 195 ; id. B. Burm. p. 126 ; Oates, Str. F. iii. p. 336, et x.
p. 188 (Pegu) ; id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 429 ; Hume, Str. F. viii.
p. 86 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150 ; id. B. Asia, i. pi. 60.

Similar to C. maerorhynchus, but with the white spots on the
rectrices larger, extending on the three outer pairs to both webs :
abdomen uniformly red or washed with pale white, not yellowish ;
wing-spot conspicuous, not hidden by the coverts ; outer secondaries
spotted at their ends with red ; rump obsoletely barred with black.
(Oates.)

Bab. Arrakan and S.W. Pegu.

This, I should say, is hardly more than a subspecies of C. maero-
rhynchus, but Mr. Oates, our chief authority on the birds of Burmah,
recognizes it as distinct.

a. J ad. sk.

b, c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.

Arrakan Hills.
Arrakan Hills (Raikcs).
Arrakan Hills.
Rangoon (J. Armstrong).

E. W. Oates [C.].
E. W. Oates [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

abdominalis (Citta), 423.
acadica (Muscicapa), 22S.
acadicua (Euipidonax),

222, 228.
aeadicus, var. griseigu-
laris (Ernpidonax), 22S.
Acantbidositta, 450, 451.
Aeanthisitta, 451.
acer (Tyranniscus), 130,

133.
acuticaudatus (Anum-

bius), 52.
aeutipennis (Hapalocer-

cus), 93, 95.
Ada, 42.
asquinoctialis (Cyclo-

rhj-nchus), 166.
wquinoctialis (Khyncbo-
cyclus), 165, 160, 167.
affinis (Cymborhynchus),

468, 470.
affiuis (Elainea), 137,

154.
affiuis (Myiotbera), 446.
affinis (Platvpsaris), 335.
affiuis (Psaris), 333.
agilis (Anreretes), 106,

108.
agilis (Eusoartlimus), 108.
agilis (Muscicapa), 224.
agilis (Myiobius), 224.
aglaise (Hadrostomus),

333, 335.
aglaine (Pacbyrbampbus),

335.
aglaia' (Pacbyrhynchus),

335.
aglaire (Platvpsaris1), 336.
aglaia? (Psaris), 365.
Agriornis, 3, 4.
alba (Cotinga), 404.
alba (Procnias), 404.
albescens (Elainea), 154.
albescens (Pachyrham-
phus), 154, 155.

albicapilla (Muscicapa),

141.
albicauda (Agriornis), 4.
albicauda (Dasycephala),

4.
albiceps (Elaiuea), 136,

140, 141, 143,144,146,

153.
albiceps (Muscipeta), 141.
albicilla (Muscicapa), 150.
albicollis (Contopus),

238.
albicollis (Elsenea), 155.
albicollis (Legatus), 155.
albicollis(Muscipeta),155.
albicollis (Tyrannula),

155.
albicollis (Tyramius), 155.
albicoronatus (Euscarth-

mus), 102.
albidiema (Ocbtbceca),

19, 22.
albidiema (Setopbaga),

albifrons (Museisaxicola),

53, 54.
albifrons (Pacbyrbyn-

cbus), 347.
albifrons (Ptyonura), 54.
albigularis (Ernpidonax),

221, 223.
albilora (Museisaxicola),

58.
albimentum (Muscisaxi-
eola), 55.
albitorques (Exetastes),

332.
albitorques (Tityra), 328,

332.
albitorques fraseri (Ti-
tyra). 332.
albiventer (Muscicapa),

36.
albiventris (Fluvicola),
35, 36.

albiventris (Hadrosto-
mus), 333, 335.
albiventris (Platvpsaris),

335.
albivertex (Elainea), 142,

143.
albocinereus (Sirystes).

181, 182.
albocoronata (Serpopha-

ga), 102.
albocristatua (Anseretes)

106, 107, 108.
albocristatus (Euscartb-

mus), 108.
albocristatus (Tyraunu-

lus). 107.
albogriseaf Serphopbaga)

102, 103.
albogrisea (Tajnioptera),

13.
albogriseus (Batbtnidu-

rus), 347.
albogriseus (Lipaugus),

182.
albogriseus (Pacbyrham-

pbus), 338, 347.
albogriseus (Sirystes),

181, 182.
albogriseus (Tvrannus),

13.
albogularis (Platyrbyn-

cbus), 64, 66, 67.
albogularis (Tyraunus),

267, 276, 277.
albovittatus (Pitangus)

175,179.
albus (Obasmorhyncbus)

403. 404.
alector (Alectrurus), 39.
alector (Muscicapa), 39.
alectrura (Muscicapa),

Alectrurus, 3, 38.
Alouette noire de la En-
cenada, 61.

472

ALPI1AI1ETICAL INDEX.

alpina (Muscisaxioola),
53, 54.

alpina (Tamioptera), 54.
altirostris (Empido-

chanes), 225.
amabilis (Ampelis), 3S4.
amabilis (Cotinga), 382,

3S4.
amaurocepbalus (Euscar-

tliinus), 117.
amaurocephalua (Lepto-
pogon), 115, 116, 117.
amazonum (Heteropel-

ma), 318, 319, 320.
ambulans (Cbrysolo-

pbus), 52.
ambulans (Tyrannus), 52.
Arnpelion, 372, 373.
Ampbibolura, 372.
Anaeretes, 64, 10(5.
Anairetes, 106.
analis (Muscicapa), 46.
andecola (Agriornis), 4,

6, 7.
andecola (Pepoaza), 6.
audinus (Empidonax),

240.
angolensis (Brachyurus),

422.
angolensis (Pitta), 419,

422.
angustirostris (Pbytoto-

ma), 406, 407.
animosa (Muscicapa),

268.
Antbocincla, 412.
antbracinus (Cnipolegus),

42, 44, 45.
Anticorys, 290.
antillaruni (Myiarcbus),

247, 262.
antillarum (Tyrannus),

262.
Antilophia, 290.
antonias (Carpodectes),

389.
apicalis (Euscartbmus),

85.
apicalis (Myiarcbus), 247,

256.
Apolites, 174.
apolites (Laphyotes), 276.
apolites (Tyrannus), 267,

276.
aquatica (Aulanax), 33.
aquatica (Sayornis), 32,

33.
Arapunga, 403.
arcuata (Ampelis), 375.
arcuaia (Pitta), 429,
431.

arouatum (Laniisoma),

317.
arcuatus (Ampelio), 375.
areuatus (Aiupelion),373,

375.
arcuatus (Lanius), 317.
arcuatus (Ptilocbloris),

317.
arcuatus (Pyrrborbvn-

cbus), 375.
ardesiaca (Tvrannula),

237.
ardesiacus (Contopus),

234, 237.
ardesiacus (Myiocbanes),

237.
ardosiaca (Sayornis), 237.
arenacea (Ocbtbceca),217.
arenaceus (Empido-

chanes), 216, 217.
arenarum (Elaiuea), 137,

153.
argentinus (Empido-

cbanes), 224.
arquata (Pbcenicociclila),

431.
arquata (Pitta). 431.
Arundinicola, 3, 37.
asilus (Muscipeta), 121.
assimilis (Mionectes), 1 13.
assimilis (Pitta), 428.
assimilis (Psarisomus),

458.
assimilis (Rbynchocy-

clus), 168.
aterrima (Sericoptila), 44.
aterrimus (Cnipolegus),

42, 44, 45.
aterrimus (Pacbyrbyn-

cbus), 334.
atrieapilla (Melanopitta),

438.
atrieapilla (Pipra), 341.
atrieapilla (Pitta), 438,

439, 440, 443.
atrieapilla (Tityra), 333.
atrieapilla sangbirana

(Pitta), 440.
atricapillus (Batbniidu-

rus), 347.
atricapillus (Bracby-

urus). 438.
atricapillus (Hadrosto-

mus), 333, 334.
atricapillus (Lanius),

347.
atricapillus (Orcbilus),

88, 89.
atricapillus (Pacbyrbam-
pbus), 337, 338, 341,
347, 348.

atricapillus (Psaris), 341.
atricaudus (Myiobius),

199, 200.
atrieeps (Empidonax),

220.
atrieeps (Megastoma),

190.
atrieeps (Mitrepbancs),

219, 220, 221.
atrieeps (Myiarcbus),

247, 259.
atrifrons (Tyrannus), 186.
atripennis (Fluvicola),

35, 37.
atrirostris (Empidonax),

157.
atronitens (Xenopipo),

287.
atropurpurea (Ampelis),

388.
atropurpurea (Xipbole-

na), 387, 388.
atropurpureus (Myiar-
cbus), 215.
Attila, 358.
Attila sp., 362.
Aucbmalea, 60.
audax (Hadrostomus),

333.
audax (Megarbyucbus),

185.
audax (Muscicapa), 185.
audax (Myiodynastes),

182, 184, 185, 186.
audax (Scaphorbyncbus),

185.
audax (Tyrannus), 183,

185.
audax insolens (Myiody-
nastes), 182.
audax nobilis (Myiody-
nastes), 184,
Aulanax, 32.
Aulia, 349, 354.
aurant ia (Muscipeta), 343.
aurantia (Rupicola), 369.
aurantiaca (Chiromacbffi-

ris), 312,316.
aurantiacus (Metopo-

thrix), 292.
aurantiiventris (Mitre-

phanes), 219, 220.
aurantiiventris (Mitre-

phorus), 219.
aurantiivertex (Hetero-

cercus), 324, 325.
aurantio - atro - cristatus
(Empidonomus), 265,
266.
aurantio - atro - cristatus
(Tyrannus), 266.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

473

aureipectus (Ampelis),
380.

aureipectus (Euehloror-

nis), 380.
aureipectus (Pipreola),

377, 380.
aureipectus (Pvrrhorhyn-

c-husi, 380.
aureiventris (Mviobius),

199, 205.
aureola (Pipra), 292, 293,

294.
aurieapilla (Pipra), 293,

296.
auriceps (Mviobius), 21 19.
auriculare (Todirost rum),

88.
auricularis (Orchilus), 88,

89
auricularis (Platvrhyn-

chus), 88.
auricularis (Triccus), 89.
auriflamuia (Tvrannus),

266.
aurifrons (Elainea), 323.
aurifrons (Euscartllmus),

323.
aurifrons (Heteropelma),

323.
aurifrons (Muscicapa),

323.
aurifrons (Xeopelrua),

323.
auritus (Leptopogon),

115.
aurocapillus (Manacus),

296.
aurora (Euphone), 392.
aurora (Muscicapa), 251.
axillaris (Empidonax),

223.
azara; (Alectura), 39.
azara; (Cyanotis), 109,

110.
azara? (Fluvicola), 13.
azarae (Regulus), 110.

babamensis (Blacicus),

241, 242.
babamensis (Contopus\

242.
babamensis (Empidonax),

242.
babamensis (Pitangus),

175, 180.
babamensis (Tyrannula).

261.
bairdi (Empidonax), 222,

228.230,231.
bairdi (Mviodvnastes),

182, 186, 187" 188.

VOL. XIV.

bairdi (Saurophagus) ,

186.
Bald Crow, 401.
bangkana (Brachyurus),

443.
bangkana (Pitta). 443.
barbata (Muscicapa). 199.
barbata (Muscipeta), 199.
barbatus (Myiobius), 198,

199, 201.
Barbicbon de Cayenne,

155, 199.
barbirostris (Blacicus),

241,244.
barbirostris (Tyrannula),

244.
Bare-necked Grakle, 4^2.
Bathmidurus. 337.
baudi (Brachyurus), 444.
baudi (iridipitta), 444.
baudi (Pitta). 414. 444.
bellieosa (Hirundinea),

195, 196.
belli cosus (Pitangus),

177.
bellicosus (Saurophagus),

177.
bellicosus (Tyrannus),

196.
bellulus (Tyrannus), 40.
bellus (Myiobius), 199,

207.
bengalensis (Brachyurus),

423.
bengalensis (Coryus),423.
bengalensis (Pitta), 423.
berlepschi (Phyllomyias),

121, 123.
bertfe (Pitta), 419, 425.
bicolor (Fluyicola), 35,

36.
bicolor (Muscicapa), 35.
bicolor (Platyrbynchus),

35.
Bigotillo, 67.
bimaculata (Muscipeta),

224.
bimaculatus (Empido-
nax), 216, 222, 224,

225.
Blacicus, 189, 241.
Black-cheeked Thrush,

410.
blancoi (Blacicus), 241,

243.
Blecbropus. 10.
bloxami (Phytotoma).

406.
bloxami (Sylvia), 106.
bogotensis (Contopus),

238.

bogotensis (Tyrannula),

238.
boissoneaui (Tyrannus),

17.
boliyiana (Muscicapara),

121, 134. 152.
boliyianus (Attila), 358.
bolivianus (Pitangus),

174, 177.
boliyianus (Saurophagus),

177.
boliyianus (Tvranniscus),

130, 134.
borealis (Contopus), 234,

235.
borealis (Tyrannus), 234.
boschi (Eucichla), 445,

447.
boschi (Pitta), 447.
brachycerca (Pitta), 423.
brachyrhynehus (Conto-
pus), 234, 236.
brachytarsus (Contopus),

234, 240, 245.
brachytarsus (Empido-
nax), 240.
brachyura (Citta), 423.
brachyura (Mviothera),

420.
brachyura (Pitta). 413,

419, 423, 426, 427.
Brachyurus, 413.
brachyurus (Coryus), 423,

427.
brachyurus (Merula),

427.
hrachyurus (Mviarchus),

246.
brachyurus (Pipra), 303.
brachyurus (Tyran-

neutes), 302, 303.
brachyurus, var. benga-
lensis (Corvus), 423.
brachyurus, yar. madn-

gascariensis (Coryus),

420.
brachyurus, yar. philip-

pensis (Corvus), 438.
brasiliensis (Attila), 358,

369, 360.
brasiliensis (Psaris),

329.
brasiliensis (Tityra), 328,

329.
brasiliensis (Tyrannus),

189.
Breve de Malacca (Be).

423.
Breve des Philippines,

438.
Bn-ve irene. 427.

2i

474

brevicauda (Coloburis\

438.
brevicauda (Museigralla),

63.
brevicauda (Oebtbites),

63.
brevicauda (Turd us), 438.
brevirostris (Cyclorbyn-

chus), 166.
brevirostris (Elainea),

122. 155.
brevirostris (Empidagra),

155.
brevirostris (Muscicapa),

137.
brevirostris (Phvllo-

myias), 121, 122.
brevirostris (Platvrbyn-

chus), 121.
brevirostris (Rbyncbocy-

clus), 165, 166.
Brissonia, 409.
brumiea (Muscisaxicola),

53.
brunneieapillus (Blaei-

cus). 241.243.
brunneieapillus (Tvran-

nuius), 12S, 129. "
brunnescens (Empido-

nax). 224.
brunneus (Empidonax),

224.
buckleyi (Piiloebloris),

317, 318.
Buddingbia. 409.
budytoides (Culicivora),

100.
budytoides (Setophaga),

100.
budvtoides (Stigmatura),

100.
buriueisteri (Phvllo-

myias), 121, 122.
bvronensis (Regulus),
'110.

cabanisi (Cnipolegus), 43,

47, 48.
Csenotriccus. 64, 86.
caerulea (Atnpelis). 382.
caerulea (Cotinga), 382,

383.
caerulea (Gigantipitta),

416.
caerulea (Hydrornis). 416.
caerulea (Myiothera), 416.
csrulea (Pitta), 413, 416.
ean-uleitorques (Pitta),

433.
cseruleocapilla (Pipra),

293, 300.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

caeruleus (Brachyurus),

416.
calcaratus (Tyraunus),

356.
Callopsaris, 337.
Calopitta, 414, 419.
caloptera (Foruaicivora),

29.
caloptera (Ocbtbeeca), 29.
caloptera (Serpophaga),

29.
calopterum (Todiros-

trura), 69, 72.
calopterus (Mecocercu-

lus), 27, 29, 30.
calva (Arnpelis), 401.
calva (Coracina), 401.
cilvus (Corvus), 401.
calvus (Gymnocepbalus),

401.
Calvptomena, 455.
Calyptura, 372, 390.
Caiuptostouia, 125.
cancroma (Platyrbvn-

cbus), 66, 67, 68.
cancroma (Todus). 67.
cancrominus (Platvrbyn-

chus). 64, 66.
candrei (Cbiromacbfleris),

312, 314.
candoei (Manacus). 314.
candsei (Pipra), 314.
caniceps (Elainea), 137,

150, 151.
caniceps (Tyrannula),

151.
cantaus (Myiarcbus), 253,

254.
capistrata (Ptvonura),

53.
capitale (Todirostrurn),

69, 75.
capitalis (Mitrephanes),

219, 220.
capitalis (Myiobius), 220.
Capsiempis,'l09, 120.
capucinus (Gymnocepha-

lus), 401.
Oaracterizado bianco ca-

bos negros, 329.
Oaracterizado canela y

cabeza negra, 333.
Oaracterizado verde coro-
na negra, 338.
caribaea (Muscicapa), 242.
caribaea (Muscipeta), 242.
caribaeus (Blacicus), 241,

242, 243.
caribaeus (Contopus). 242.
caribous, var. bahamen-
sis (Contopus), 242.

caribous, var. bispanio-

lensis (Contopus), 242.

caribaeus, var. pallidus

(Contopus), 243.
carnifex (Anipelis), 367,

368.
carnifex (Phcenicercus),

367.
carnifex (Pbcenicocereus),

367.
carnivorus (Tyrannus),

190.
carolinensis (Tyrannus),

267, 268.
Carpodeetes. 372, 389.
Carpornis, 373.
carribrea, var. bispanio-
lensis(Tyrannula), 242.
carunculata (Arnpelis),

403.
Canmculated Cbatterer,

403.
earunculatus (Cbasmo-

rhynchus), 403.
Casiornis, 358, 365.
Casmorbynchos, 403.
cassinii (Tvrannus), 269.
castanea (Pbilepitta),410.
castanea (Tityra). 343.
castaneus (Turdus), 410.
castelnaudi (Megalo-

pbus), 192.
castelnaudi (Muscivora),

192.
castelnaudi (Onycborhyn-

chus). 192.
caudacuta (Calyptome-

na), 456.
caudata (Chiroxipbia),

307, 310.
caudata (Pipra), 310.
caudifasciatus (Pitangus),

175, 179. 180.
caudifasciatus (Tyran-
nus), 179, 180.
cayana (Arnpelis), 385.
cavana (Cotinga), 382,

"385, 386.
cavana (Rupicola). 369.
cavana (Tityra), 327,328,

329.
cayanensis (Elsenea), 160.
cavanensis (Muscicapa),

160.
cayanensis (Psaris), 328.
cayanensis (Tyrannus),

253.
cayanensis minor (Tyran-
nus), 251.
cavanus (Lanius), 328.
eayanus(Psaris),328,329.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

475

cayennensis (Ampelis),

385.
cayennensis (Gymnode-

rus), 4012.
cajennensis (Muscicapa),

178.
cajennensis (Muscipeta),

161.
cajennensis (Myioze-

tetee), 150, 160, 162.
cajennensis (Tjrannula),

162.
celebensis (Bracbjurus),

436.
celebensis (Erythropitta\

436.
celebensis (Pitta), 432,

436, 437.
Centrites, 3, 60.
Centropbanes, 60.
Cephalanius, 173.
cepbaloptera (Coracina),

399.
Cephalopterus, 395, 398.
cephalutes (Myiarchus),

247, 254.
Ceratopipra, 283, 288.
Ceratoti'iccus, 64, 85.
Cercopba?na, 307.
Cervinipitta, 414.
cerviniventris (Ehynebo-

cyclus), 243.
Chasuiorhynchus, 395,

403.
Cbatterer, Carnnculated,

403.
Chatterer, Variegated,

4o:..
Cbelidis, 372.
cbileusis (Ochthoeca),

56.
chiriquensis (Elainea),

138
Chirocylla, 349.
Ohironiachseris, 283, 312.
Chiroprion, 307-
Chiroxipbia, 283, 307.
chlorion (Hemipipo), 285.
cblovion (Piprites), 283,

284, 285.
cbloris (Aeantbidositta),

451.
cbloris (Acanthisitta),

451.
cbloris (Hemipipo), 284.
cbloris (Pipra), 284.
cbloris (Piprites), 283,

284.
chlons (Sitta), 451.
chlorolepidota (Pipreola),

376.

cbloromeros (Pipra), 293,

295
Cbloropipo, 283, 286.
Cbloropsaris, 337.
Chorreado todo, 185.
Cboucas chauve de Ca-
yenne, 401.
chrysoeephalum (Hetero-

peltna), 319, 322.
cbrysocepbalus (Hyper-

ruitres), 188.
cbrysocepbalus (Mega-

rhynchus), 187, 190.
chrysocepbalus (Myiody-

nastes), 182, 183, 187.
cbrysocepbalus (Pitan-

gus), 187.
cbrysocepbalus (Scapho-

rbyncbus), 187.
cbrysocepbalus minor

(Myiodynastes), 187.
cbrvsuceps (Muscipeta),

209.
chrysoceps (Platyrhyn-

chus), 209.
chrysoceps (Tyrannula),

209.
chrvsocbloris (Muscica-
pa), 41.
chrysocrotaphum (Todi-

rostrum), 69, 71.
cbrysogaster (Megarhyn-

cbus), 190.
Chrysolophus, 52.
cbrysopogon (Pipra). 372.
cbrysops (Tvranniscus),

130, 135.
cbrysops (Tvrannulus),

135.
cbrysoptera (Ampelis),

373.
cbrysoptera (Anticorys),

291.
cbrysoptera (Pipra). 291.
cbrysoptera(Ptilocbloris),

373.
chryaopteruB (Masius),

2911, 291.
Chrysopteryx, 373.
cincboneti (C'onopias),

173, 174.
cinehoneti (Tyrannus),41,

174.
cincta (Ampelis), 383.
cincta(Cotinga), 382, 383,

384.
cinctus (Ampelio), 375.
cinctus (Ainpelion), 373,

cinctus (Ampelis), 375.
cinoracea (Ampelis), 352.

cineracea (Latbria), 352.
cineracea (Sayornis), 32,

34.
cineracea (Tyrranula), 34.
cineraceus (Lipaugus),

351, 352.
cineraceus (Myiocbanes),

246.
cinerascens (Elainea),

136.
cinerascens (Muscicapa),

356.
cinerascens (Myiarchus),

246, 248, 250.
cinerascens (Pachyrbyn-

cbus), 333.
cinerascens (Tyrannula),

248.
cinerea (Ampelis), 352.
cinerea (Dasycephala),

363.
cinerea(Elainea). 103,136.
cinerea (Latbria), 350,

352.
cinerea (Muscicapa1, 363.
cinerea (Muscisaxicola),

53, 55.
cinerea (Pipra), 341.
cinerea (Serphophaga),

102, 103.
cinerea (Tityra), 328.
cinerea (Tyrannula), 245.
cinereiceps (Cyclorbyn-

cbus), 169.
cinereiceps (Rbyncho-

cyclus), 165, 169, 170.
cinereiceps (Tyrannisuus),

130, 131.
cinereiceps (Tyrannula),

131.
cinereicolle (Todiros-

trum), 88.
cinereicollis (Euscarth-

mus), 88.
cinereicollis (Orcbilus),

88.
cinereigulare (Oncos-

toma), 76, 77.
cinereigulare (Todiros-

ti'iun), 77.
cinereiventris (Pachy-

rbampbus), 338, 344,

345, 346.
cinereoeapilla (Phyllo-

mvias), 121.
cinereum (Todirostrum),

69,70. 71.
cinereus ( Attila ), 359, 363,

364.
cinereus (Cnipolegus), 43,

47.

476

ALPHABETICAL 1NDKX.

cinereus (Oontopus), 245.
cinereus (Euscarthrnus),

103, 104.
cinereus (Myiarchus), 245.
cinereus (Myiocbanes),

245.
cinereus (Pacbvrham-

phus), 338, 341.
cinereus (Platyrhynchus ),

245.
cinereus (Todus), 69, 73.
cinereus (Triccus), 70.
cinereus (Tyrannus), 11.
cinnamomea (Muscipeta),

202.
cinnamomea (Neopipo),

303.
cinnamomea (Pipra), 303.
cinnamomea (Tyrannula),

202.
cinnamomeiventris (Oeh-

thceca), 19, 24, 25,
cinnamomeiventris (Seto-

phaga), 24.
cinnamomeus (Attila),

358.
cinnamomeus (Myiobius),

198, 202, 203.
cinnamomeus (Pachy-
rbamphus), 337, 342.
cinnamomeus (Pyrrho-

myias), 202.
circumcinctus(Tyraiinus),

155.
Cirrbipipra, 289.
Cirrhopipra, 283, 289,
citreola (Arundinicola),

95.
eitreopyga (Dasycephala),

361.
citreopvgius (Attila), 359,

361, 302.
citrina (Acanthisitta),

451.
citrina (Motacilla), 451.
citrina (Muscicapa), 155.
citrina (Sylvia), 451.
Citrine Warbler, 451.
citrinella (Motacilla), 451.
citrinif'rons (OchtLceca),

19, 22, 23.
citriniventris( Attila), 359,

363, 364.
citrinopvgius (Myiobius),

200.
Citta, 413.
climacura (Fluvicolu), 35,

36, 37.
clymazura (CEnantbe). 36.
Cuipodectes, 189. 197.
Cnipolegus, 3, 42.

coccinea (Ampelis), 367.
coccinea (Pipra), 368.
coccinea (Pitta), 429,

431.
coelestis (Cotinga), 382.
Cola rara pardo y bianco,

39.
Colnud de Cayenne (Le),

402.
Coloburus, 414.
colombianus (Myio-

zetetes), 162.
Colon, 50.

colonus (Copurus), 50.
colonus (Muscicapa), 50.
Colopterus, 64, 90.
Colorbamphus, 101.
comata (Muscicapa), 43.
comatus (Cnipolegus), 42,

43, 44.
concinna (Pitta), 420,

426.
concmnus (Brachyurus),

426.
Conopias, 109, 173.
consobrina (Ochthoeca),

30.
consobrinus (Mecocer-

culus), 27, 30.
Contopus, 189, 234.
Contramaestre copatillo

ordinario, 102.
Contramaestre pardo ver-
doso corona amazilla,
148.
cooperi (Contopus), 234.
cooperi (M uscicapa), 234.
cooperi (Myiarchus), 250.
Copurus, 3. 50.
Coracina, 397, 402.
coracina (Pipra), 297,

298.
Coracopitta, 412,449.
Corapipo, 292.
cornuta (Ceratopipra),

288.
cornuta (Pipra), 287,

288.
coronata (Cbiroma-

cha:ris), 312, 316.
coronata (Muscicapa),

211.
coronata (Pepoaza), 12.
coronata (Pipra), 299.
coronata (Pitta), 423,

427, 443.
coronata (Suiriri), 212.
coronata (Tanioptera),

11, 12.
coronata(Tyrannula 1,213.
coronata (Xolmis), 12.

coronatus (Bracbyurus),

423.
coronatus (Myiarcbus),

211.
coronatus (Platyrhyn-

ebus), 65.
coronatus (Pyocephalus),

211.
coronatus (Turdus), 423,

427.
coronatus (Tvrannus), 12.
Cor. mis, 402.'
coronulatus (Masius), 290,

291.
Corydon, 458, 466.
corydon (Eurylaimus),

46' ;.

Cotinga, 372, 382.
Cotinga (Le), 382.
cotinga (Ampelis), 382,

383.
Cotinga blanc de Cayenne,

403.
Cotinga cendre (Le), 352.
Cotinga de Cayenne, 385.
Cotinga des Maynas, 386.
Cotinga du Bresil, 383.
Cotinga pourpre de Cay-
enne, 387.
cotta (Elaiuea), 137, 149.
couchi (Tyrannus), 274.
cozumelffi (Attila), 359.
erassirostris(Brachyurus),

427.
crassirostris (Megarhyn-

chus), 271.
crassirostris (Melittar-

cbus), 271.
crassirostris (Pitta), 420,

427.
crassirostris (Tyrannus),

267, 271.
crinita (Muscicapa), 247.
criuita (Tyrannula), 247.
crinitus (Myiarchus), 246,

247, 248, 249.
crinitus (Myionax), 248.
crinitus (Todus), 80.
crinitus (Triccus), 80.
crinitus (Tyrannus), 247,

251, 252.
crinitus cooperi (Myiar-
chus), 250.
crinitus erythocercus

(Myiarcbus), 250.
crinitus, var. cinerascens

(Myiarchus), 249.
crinitus, var. crinitus

(Myiarchus), 248.
crinitus. var. irritablis
(Myiarchus), 251.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

L7

cristata (Calyptura), 394.
cristata (Elainea), 142,

143.
cristata (Motacilla), 91.
cristata (Museicapa), 102.
cristata (Phibalura), 372.
cristata (Phyllomyias),

121.
cristatellus (Anasretes),

1U2.
cristatus (Blecbropus),

43.
cristatus (Colopterus), 91.
cristatus (Oxyrbynchus),

281.
cristatus (Pardalotus),

394.
cristatus (Phyllomyias),

134.
cristatus (Psaris), 333.
crocea (Eupicola), 369.
Crossodera, 458.
Crow, Bald, 401.
crudelis (Tyrannus), 274.
cruenta (Museicapa), 396.
cruenta (Querula), 396,

397.
cruentus (Threnoedus),

396.
crypterythrus (Myiobius),

199, 210.
crvptolopha (Lathria),

350, 354.
crypt oxanthus(Myiobius),

199,211.
cucullata (Ampelis), 374.
cucullata(Ooloburis),443.
cucullata (Melanopitta),

443.
cucullata (Pitta), 414,

438, 442.
cucullata (Procnias), 374.
cucullatus (Ampelio),

374.
cucullatus (Ainpeliou),

373, 374.
cucullatus (Brachyurus),

443.
cucullatus (Carpomis),

374.
cucullatus (Cymbirhyn-

cbus), 465.
cucullatus (Eurylrcmus I,

465.
Culieivora, 64, 97.
cunningbaraii (Guber-

netes), 40.
cunningbamii (Tyran-
nus), 41.
cuprea (Ampelis), 367.
curboria (Fluvicola), 36.

curtipes (Tyrannula),

245.
cuvieri (Pacbyrhyncbus),

338.
cuvierii (Pachyrhaiu-

pbus), 339.
cuvierii (Psaris), 338.
cyanea (Eucicbla). 417.
cvanea (Gigauti pitta),
"417.

cyanea (Pitta), 414, 417.
cyaneocapilla (Pipra),

292, 293, 299.
cyaneus (Bracbyurus),

417.
cyanirostris (Cnipolegus),

42, 44, 46.
cyanirostris (Museicapa),

46.
cyanirostris (Sericoptila),

46.
cyanonota (Erythro-

pitta), 435.
cyanonota (Pitta), 432,

435.
cvanonotus (Brachyurus),

435,
Cyanopitta, 414.
cyanoptera (Coloburis),

420.
cvanoptera (Pitta), 419,
" 420, 422.

cyanopterus (Bracby-
urus), 420.
Cyanotis, 109.
cyanura (Eucicbla), 445,

446, 447.
cyanura (Myothera), 445.
cyanura (Pitta), 445.
cyanurus (Turdus), 445.
Cybernetes, 3. 40.
C'yclorbyncbus, 165.
Cymbirhynchus, 468.
Cyinborhyncbus, 458, 468.

dalbousife (Crossodera),

459.
dalhousise (Eurylaimus),

458, 459.
dalhousise (Psarisoruus),

458.
Dasycephala, 358.
Dasyncetopa, 292.
Dasyopsis, 358.
davisoni (Brachyurus),

417.
delieiosa (Pipra), 305.
deliciosus (Machaero-

pterus), 304, 305,306.
depressi rost ris( Cuntopus),

234.

derbianus (Pitangus), 174,

175, 176.
derbianus (Saurophagus),

175.
derbianus rufipennis (Pi-
tangus), 175.
Despotes, 277.
despotes (Museicapa),

274.
diadema (Mecocerculus),

26.
diadema (Myiobius), 26.
diaclema (Ocbthceca), 19,

26.
diadema (Tyrannula),

26.
diffioilis (Empidonax),

222, 229.
digglesi (Pitta), 437.
dimidiatua (Pachyrham-

pbus), 340.
diops (Hemitriccus), 91.
diops (Museicapa), 91.
diops (Todirostrum), 91.
Dixiphia, 292.
Doliornis, 372, 390.
dominicana (Museicapa),

37.
dominicana (Pepoaza),

13.
dominicana (Ta^nioptera),

11, 13,14.
dominicanus (Museicapa),

13.
dominicanus (Tyrannus),

13.
dominieensis (Lanius),

272.
dominieensis (Melittar-

chus), 272.
dominieensis (Museicapa),

272.
dominieensis (Myiar-

chus), 247, 260.
dominieensis (Sayornis),

242.
dominieensis (Tyran-

nulua), 272.
dorsalis (Pachyrhain-

pbus), 344, 345.
dorsalis (Sylvia), 61.
Drymonax, 267.
dubius (Pyrocephalus),

214, 215.
dupontii (Platyrhyn-
chus), 338.

ecarunculatus (Chasmo-

rhynchus), 404.
eeaudatum( Todi rostrum ),

88, 89.

478

ecaudatus (Orchilus), 88,

89.
edwardsii (Manacus),

313.
edwardsii (Pipra), 313.
Eltenea, 136.
Elainea, 109, 136.
Elainea sp., 147.
elata (Pipra), 129.
elata (Sylvia), 128.
elatus (Tyrannulus), 128.
elegans (Ampelis), 381.
elegans (Elainea), 148,

150, 151.
elegans (Museicapa), 148.
elegans (Pipreola), 377,

381.
elegans (Pitta), 427, 447.
elegans (Rupicola), 369.
elegans (Vermivora), 108.
ellioti (Eucichla), 445,

448.
ellioti (Pitta), 448.
emilise (Iodopleura), 393.
Erupidagra, 109, 154.
Empidias, 189, 264.
Empidochanes, 189, 216.
Empidonax, 189, 221.
Empidonax sp., 225.
Empidonoiuus, 189, 265.
Entomophagus. 35.
Erator, 328.
erythroeephala (Pipra),

295, 296.
ervthroeercus (Myiar-

cbus), 250, 251.
erythroeerous.var cooperi

"(Myiarchus), 250.
erythrocereus, Tar. ery-

throcercus( Myiarchus),

251.
erythrogaster (Brachy-

urus), 432.
erythrogaster (Coloburis),

432.
erythrogastra (Erythro-

pitta), 432.
erythrogastra (Pitta),

432, 433.
ervthrogenys (Psaris),

"331.
erythronota (Lessonia),

61.
erythronotus (Anthus),

61.
Erythropitta, 413, 414,

432.
erythrops (Leptopogon),

115, 119.
ervthroptera (Lichenops),

48.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

erythroptera(Tvrannula),

159.
erythropterus (Myio-

zetetes), 159.
erythropygia (Tfenio-

ptera), 9.
erythropygius (Myiothe-

retes), 8, 9.
erythrorhynchus (Chry-

sopteryx), 373.
erythrura (Tyrannula),

203.
erythrurus (Myiobius),

198, 203.
Euchlornis, 376-
Euchlorornis, 376.
Eucichla, 412, 445.
euleri (Empidochanes),

221.
Eulopogon, 403.
eupogon (Museicapa), 199.
Eupsilostoma, 97.
EuryL-emus, 458, 463.
Eurylaimus, 463.
Euscarthmus, 64, 78.
Exetastes. 328.
Exetastus, 328.
exile (Todirostrum), 90.
eximia (Museicapa), 97,

98.
eximius (Euscarthmus),

98.
eximius (Pogonotriccus),

97, 98.

fallax (Elainea), 137.

147.
fasciata (Museicapa), 199.
fasciata (Pipra), 293,

294.
fasciatus (Myiarchus), 44.
fernandeziana (Culici-

vora), 107.
fernandezianus (Ana?-

retes), 106, 107.
fernandezianus (Eus-
carthmus), 107.
ferocior (Myiarchus), 253.
ferox (Museicapa), 251,

253.
ferox (Myiarchus), 246,

247,251,253,254,255,

256.
ferox (Tyrannus), 251,

253.
ferruginea (Hirundinia),

195, 196.
ferruginea (Muscivora),

196.
ferruginea (Phoneutria),

196.

ferruginea (Tyrannula),

209.
ferrugineiceps (Elainea),

207.
ferrugineus (Myiarchus),

195.
ferrugineus (Todus), 195.
Figuier hupe de Cayenne,

91.
filicauda (Cirrhipipra),

289.
filicauda (Cirrhopipra),

289.
filicauda (Copurus), 50.
filicauda (Pipra), 289.
filicauda (Platvrbynch us),

50.
filicaudum (Teleonema),

289.
flammiceps (Museicapa),

209.
flammiceps (Oxyrham-

phus), 280, 281.
flammiceps (Oxyrhyn-

chus), 281.
flammulatus (Attila), 358.
flammulatus (Myiarchus),

247, 263.
flaveola (Capsiempis),

120.
flaveola (Ohiromachoeris),

312, 315.
flaveola (Museicapa),

120.
flaveola (Muscipeta), 120.
flaveolus (Manacus), 315.
flavescens (Empidonax),

222, 231.
flavicans (Myiobius), 85,

199, 205, 206. 207.
flavicapilla (Chloropipo),

286.
flavicapilla (Pipra), 286.
flavicapillum (Hetero-

pelma), 319, 321.
flaviceps (Megastoma),

190.
flavicollis (Chloropipo),

286.
flavicollis (Pipra), 393,

294.
flavidifrons(Tyranniscus),

135.
flavidifrons (Tyrannulus),

135.
flavifrons (Todirostrum),

71.
flavifrons (Tyranniscus),

135.
flavigularis (Platvrhyn-
chus), 64, 65.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

479

flavinucha (Muscisaxi-

cola), T>3, 57.
flavirostris (Amphibo-

lura), 372.
flavirostris (Anaeretes),

106, 108.
flavirostris (Phibalura),

372.
flavitincta ( Pipra), 315.
flaviventer (Cyclorhyn-

ehus), 171.
flaviventre (Campto-

stoma). 126.
flaviventris (Aleeturiis),

94.
flaviventris (Arundini-

cola), 94.
flaviventris (Empidonax),

222 229 230
flaviventris (Euscarth-

mus), 94, 95.
flaviventris (Hapolocer-

cus), 93, 94. 95.
flaviventris (Muscipeta),

171.
flaviventris (Platyrhyn-

chus), 120.
flaviventris (Rnyncho-
cyelus), 165. 171, 172.
flaviventris (Tyrannula),

119, 230.
flaviventris, var. difficilis

(Empidonax), 229.
flavivertex (Elainea), 137,

151.
flavivertex (Heterocer-

cus), 324, 325.
flavivertex (Muscisaxi-

cola), 57.
flavo-einerea (Phyllos-

cartes), 101.
flavo cinerea (Stigma-

tura),J00, 101.
flavo-olivaceus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 168, 169, 170.
flavovirens (Leptopogon),

115, 119.
flavus (Corvus), 176.
flavus (Megarhj-nclms),

178.
fluviatilis (Muscisaxi-

cola), 54, 59.
Fluvieola, 3, 35.
Flycatcher, Whiskered,

199.
fcetida (Coracina), 402.
fcetida (Gracula), 402.
foetidus (Gymnoderus),

402.
forfieata (Muscicapa),
279.

f'orflcatus (Gubernetes),

41.
foriicatus (Milvulus), 277,

279.
formosa (Ampelis), 378.
formosa (Euchlorornis),

378.
formosa (Pipreola), 376,

378.
formosa (Pyrrhorhyn-

ehus), 378.
forsteni (Brachyurus),

442.
forsteni (Melanopitta),

442.
forsteni (Pitta), 438,

442.
frantzii (Elainea), 137,

145. 146.
fraseri (Tityra), 332.
fraserii (Psaris), 332.
frater (Oxyrhamphus),

281.
frater (Oxyrhynchus),

281.
frazari (Contopus), 242.
fringillaris (Empido-

cbanes), 216, 224.
frontalis (Euchlornis),

379,
frontalis (Pipreola), 376,

379.
frontalis (Ptyomira), 55.
fuliginosa (Muscicapa),

245.
fuliginosa (Planchesia),

245.
fulva (Alauda), 61.
fulva (Muscisaxicola), 61.
fulvieeps (Euscart.hmus),

94.
fulvieeps (Hapalocercus),

93, 94.
fulvif'rons (Empidonax),

221, 222.
fulvifrons (Mitrephorus),

222.
fulvif'rons (Muscicapa),

222.
fulvif'rons pallescens

(Empidonax), 223.
fulvifrons pallescens (Mi-

trephanes), 222.
fulvifrons pygm.«eus (Em-
pidonax), 223.
fulvifrons pygmseus (Mi-

trephanes), 223.
fulvifrons rubieundus

(Empidonax), 222.

fulvifrons rubieundus

(Mitrephaiies), 223.

fulvifrons, var. pallescens

(Mitrephorus), 223.
fulvipectus (Cyclorhyn-

chus), 167.
fulvipectus (Empidonax),

232, 233.
fulvipectus (Rhyncho-

cyclus), 165, 167.
fulvus (Anthus), 61.
fuinicolor (Ochthoeca), 18,

19, 20.
fumifrons (Euscarthmus),

78, 79.
fumifrons (Todirostrurn),

79.
fumigata (Ochthoeca),

17.
fumigata (Tyrannula),

17.
fumigatus (Myiobius),

17.
fumigatus (Ochthodireta),

16, 17.
funebris (Copurus), 50.
f urcata (Muscicapa), 274.
furcatum (Todirostrurn),

85.
furcatus (Ceratotriccus),

85.
furcalus (Tyrannus),

274.
fusca (Ampelis), 393.
fusca (Casiornis), 365,

366.
fusca (Iodopleura), 392,

393.
fusca (Muscicapa), 245,

264.
fuscata (Muscipeta), 216.
fuscatus (Empidochanes),

216, 224.
fuscatus (Myiobius), 216.
f uscicapilla ( M uscicapa) ,

26.
fuscicapillus (Copurus),

51.
fuscocinerea (Lathria),

350, 351.
fuscocinerea (Querula),

350.
fuscocinereus (Lipaugus),

350.
fusco-rufus (Ochtho-

diaeta), 17, 18.
fuscus (Aulanax). 264.
fuscus (Empidias), 261,

264.
fuscus (Myiarchus), 264.
fuscus (Platyrhynchus),

65.
fuscus (Sayornis), 264.

480

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

gabbi (Pitangus), 175.

180.
gaituardi (Elainea), 137,

150, 151, 152.
gaimardi (Muscicapara),

150.
galeata ( Antilophia), 290.
galeata (Metopia), 290.
galeata (Motaeilla), 91.
galeata (Muscicapa), 43.
galeata (Pipra), 290,

321.
galeatus (Colopterus), 87,

90, 91.
Gallita, 38.
Gallito, 39.
geoffroyi (Philepitta),

410.
Gigantipitta, 413, 414,

416.
gigas (Elainea), 136, 140.
gigas (Pitta). 417.
gilviventris (Acanthi-

sitta), 453.
gilviventris (Xenicus),

452, 453.
glaber (Sublegatus), 157,

158.
glabricollis (Cephalo-

pterus), 399, 400.
gnatho (Muscicapa), 271.
Gobe-rnouche a poitrine

tachettie de Cayenne,

209.
Gobe-moucbe brun de

Cayenne, 245.
Gobe-rnouche huppe de

Virgiuie, 248.
Gobe-rnouche noir a

gorge pourpre de Cay-
enne, 396.
Gobe-rnouche olive de

Cayenne. 224.
Gobe-tnouche Pie de

Cayenne, 35.
Gobe-mouc!,erouge hupe,

211.
Gobe-mouche roux de

Cayenne, 343.
Gobe-mouche taehete de

Cayenne, 185.
Gobe-uiouche vert, 321.
godmani (Leptogon), 114,

116.
Gold-naped Wren, 128.
gossii (Tyrannula), 252.
gracilipes (Tvranniscus),

130, 133, 134.
gracilirostris (Mviar-

chus), 259.
gracilis (Elainea), 136.

gracilis (Empidonax),
227.

Grakle, Bare-necked,

402.
granadense (Todiros-

trum), 82.
granadensis (Coracina),

398.
granadensis (Eusearth-

mus), 78, 82, 83.
granadensis (Myioze-

tetes), 159, 163, 164.
granadensis (Pyroderus),

397. 398.
granatina (Erythropitta),

430.
granatina (Phcenico-

cichla), 430.
granatina (Pitta), 414,

429, 430, 431.
granatinus (Brachyurus).

430.
grandis (Myiozetetes),

162..
grata (Elainea), 148.
gratiosa (Ochthieca), 19,

26.
gratiosus (Mecocerculus),

26.
Great-billed Tody, 468.
grisea (Muscisaxicola),

53, 55.
grisea (Serpophaga), 103.
griseiceps (Phyllomyias),

134.
griseiceps (Piprites), 283,

285.
griseiceps (Tyranniscus),

130, 134.
griseicollis (Muscicapa),

157.
griseigularis (Attila),

358.
griseigularis (Empido-
nax), 228.
griseigularis (Pachy-

rhamphus), 338, 339.
griseimentalis (Rhyn-

chocyclus), 166.
griseipectus (Empi-
donax), 222, 225.
griseocapilla (Phyllo-
myias), 121, 122, 123.
griseocapilla(TyrannuIa),

122.
griseocularis (Elainea),

158.
griseocularis (Sublega-
tus), 158.
griseogularis (Elainea),

142.

griseus (Melittarchus),

272.
griseus ( Pach y rham ph us),

341.
griseus (Tyrannus), 2o7,

271, 272, 273.
guaiana (Pitta). 446.
guajanus (Turdus), 446.
gualaquizoe (Pogono-

triccus), 98, 99.
guatimalensis (Sauro-

phagus), 175.
Gubernetes, 40.
guianensis (Myiozetetes),

160.
guianensis (Psaris), 328.
guillemini (Muscipeta),

152.
Guira-yetapa, 39.
guira-yetapa (Alectru-

rus), 40.
guira-yetapa ( Psalidura),

40.
gulare (Todirostrum), 81.
gularis (E;;scarthmus),

78, 81, 82.
gularis (Muscicapa), 81.
gurneyi (Euciehla), 445,

448.
gurneyi (Pitta), 448.
guttata (Iodopleura),

393.
guttatum (Todirostrum),

69, 71, 73.
gutturalis (Agriornis), 5.
gutturalis (Coropipo),

301.
gutturalis (Pepoaza), 6.
gutturalis (Pipra), 292,

293. 301.
gutturalis (Tyrannus), 4.
gutturosa (Chiroma-

chaeris), 312, 313, 314.
gutturosa (Pipra), 314.
gutturosus (Manacus),

314.
gymnocephala (Cora-
cina), 401.
Gymnocephalus, 395,

401.
gymnodera (Coracina),

402.
Gymnoderus, 395, 402.

haasti (Acanthisitta),

453.
haasti (Xenicus), 453.
Habia dentudo, 407.
Habrura, 64, 96.
Hadrostomus, 327, 333.
Hannatoderus, 395.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

481

hiEinatodes (Dasy-

cephala), 365.
haematodes (Muscicapa),

365.
hammondi (Empidonax),

222, 232.
hammondii (Tyrannula),

232.
Hapalocerciis, 64, 93.
Hapalura, 97.
hapalura (Muscicapa),

97.
Heilicura, 311.
heinei (Pyrrbomyias),

202.
Heleornis, 413.
Helicura, 283, 311.
Heliochera, 372, 390.
helviventris (Hapalocer-

cus), 93.
hemichrysus (Hyper-
mitres), 188.
hemichrysus (Myiody-

nastes), 183, 1S8.
Hemijaenthica, 10.
Heinipipo, 283.
Hemitriccus, 64, 91.
herbacea (Pipra), 299.
hecerocerca (Cirrhopi-

pra), 289.
heterocerca (Pipra), 289.
Heterocercus, 317, 324.
Heteropelma, 317, 318.
Hirundinea, 189, 195.
hirundinaceus (Platy-

rhynchus), 196.
hispaniolensis (Blacicus).

241, 242.
hispaniolensis (Conto-

pus), 242.
hispaniolensis (Tyran-
nula), 242.
holerythrus (Lipaugus),

356, 357.
holochlora (Chloropipo),

286, 287.
holospodia (Taenio-

ptera), 11, 14.
homochrous (Hadro-

stomus), 333, 334, 335.
homochrous(Pachyrham-

phus), 334.
horsfieldi (Eurvlaimus),

463.
horsfieldi (Platyrhyn-

chos), 463.
hudsoni (Cnipolegus), 42,

45, 46.
Hydrornis, 413, 414.
Hylocosiuia, 382.
Ilypirmitres, 182.

hypoglaucus (Oxyrham-

phus), 2S1, 282.
hyp'jleuca (Serpho-

phaga), 102, 104.
hypopyrrha (Ampelis),

354.
hypopyrrha (Aulia), 354.
hvpohyrrha (Laniocera)

354.
hypopyrrhus (Lipaugus),

354.
hypopyrrhus (Ptilo-

chloris), 354.
hypospodia (Elainea),

137, 144.

icterophrys (Fluvicola),

41.
icterophrys (Muscicapa),

41.
icterophrys (Myiozete-

tes), 162.
icterophrys (Sisopygis),

41.
icterophrys (Suiriri), 41.
icterophrys (Tasnio-

ptera), 41.
Ictiniscus, 49.
igniceps (Heteropelma),

319, 322.
Ilicura, 311.
illigeri (Triccus), 71.
imberbe (Camptostoma),

126.
imberbe (Ornithion), 109,

125, 126, 127.
imberbe ridgwayi (Orni-
thion), 127.
immundus (Lipaugus),

356, 357.
impiger (Euscarthmus),

78, 84.
implacens (Elainea), 149.
improbus (Tyranniscus),

130, 133.
inca (Tyrannus), 266.
incanescens (Muscipeta),

127, 158.
incanescens (Myiopatis),

123, 126.
incanescens (Ornithion),

126.
incanescens (Sublegatus),

158.
incompta (Elainea), 136.
incompta (Muscicapa),

102.
inerme (Ornithion), 125,

126.
inornata (Conopias), 173.

174.

inornata (Muscicapa),

234.
inornata (Pitta), 434.
inornatus (Euscarthmus),

78, 84.
inornatus (Myiozetetes),

174.
inquisitor(Exetastes),331 .
inquisitor (Lanius), 331.
inquisitor (Psaris), 331.
inquisitor (Tityra), 328,

331.
insolens (Agriornis), 4,

7,8._
insularis (Platypsaris),

333.
intermedins (Pachyrham-

phus), 343.
intrepidus (Tyrannus),

21 57.
Iodopleura, 372, 390.
iracunda (Ceratopipra),

288.
iracunda (Pipra), 288.
irena (Brachyurus), 427.
irena (Pitta), 420, 427,

428.
Iridipitta, 414, 444.
iris (Brachyurus), 444.
iris (Pitta), 438, 444.
irritabilis (Myiarchus),

251.
irritabilis (Tyrannus),

248, 251.
irupero (Fluvicola), 14.
irupero (Hemipenthica),

14.
irupero (Pepoaza), 14.
irupero (Ta?nioptera), 10,

11, 13, 14.
irupero (Tyrannus), 13.
isabellre (Iodopleura),

392, 393, 394.
isidori (Philepitta), 410.
isidori (Pipra), 293, 298.

jala (Philepitta), 409,

410.
jala (Phyllornis), 410.
jala (Turdus), 410.
jardinii (Psaris), 331.
Javan Tody, 463.
javanicus (Eurylsemus),

463.
jelskii (Ochthceca), 22.
joazeiro (Muscicapa), 52.
jocosa (Muscicapa), 154.
jueunda (Pipreola), 377,

381.
juninensis (Muscisaxi-

cola), 53, 58.
2k

482

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

kittlitzi (Pyrope), 15.
Knipolegus, 42.

kochi (Erythropit.ta),433.
koehi (Pitta), 433.
kreSti (Pitta), 428.

lafresnayi (Cnipolegus),

43.
lamellipennia (Arnpelis),

389.
lamellipennis (Xipho-

lena), 387, 388, 389.
lanceolata (Chiroxiphia),

307, 309.
lanceolata (Pipra), 309.
Laniisouia, 317.
Laniocera, 354.
Laphyctes, 267.
laplacii (Iodopleura),393.
laplacii (Pipra), 393.
lateralis (Aulia), 354.
lateralis (Idpaugus), 354.
Lathria, 349, 350. '
Lathriosoma, 354.
latirostris (Aulanax), 34.
latirostris (Blacicus), 241 ,

244.
latirostris (Contopus),

244.
latirostris (Euscarth-

mus), 78, 81.
latirostris (Hadrosto-

mus), 336.
latirostris (Myiobius),

244.
latirostris (Pachyrharu-

phus), 336.
latirostris (Platypsaris),

.336.
latirostris (Sayornis), 34.
lawrencei (Muscicapa),

256.
Lawrencia, 189, 233.
lawrencii (Myiarchus),

247, 256, 257.
lawrencii nigricapillus

(Myiarchus), 257.
lawrencii olivascens

(Myiarchus), 257.
Legatus, 109, 155.
Legatus sp., 157.
legatus (Muscicapa), 155.
lembeyei (Muscicapa),

264.
lemniscatus (Eurylae-

mus), 469.
lenzi (Pcecilotriccus), 76.
lenzi (Todirostrurn), 69,

76.
Lepidothrix, 292.
Leptocercus, 93.

Leptopogon, 109, 114.
Leptopogon.sp. inc., 118.
Leptotriccus, 04, 99.
Lepturus, 93.
lessoni (Ochthceca), 1 9,

23, 24.
Lessonia, 60.
leucocapilla (Pipra), 297.
leucocephala (Arundi-

nicola), 37.
leucocephala (Dixiphia),

37.
leucocephala (Musci-
capa), 37.
leucocephala (Pipra), 37.
leucocephalus (Mio-

nectes), 37.
leucocilla (Muscipeta),

50.
leucocilla (Pipra), 292,

293, 297.
leucogaster (Corvus),

176.
leucogaster (Pachy-

rhynchus), 341.
leucogaster (Tyrannus),

268.
leucogonys (Tyranniscus),

130, 136.
leucometopa (Ochthceca),

19, 21, 22.
leuconotus (Copurus),

50, 51.
leuconotus (Tityra), 334.
leucophrys (Fluvicola),

21.
leucophrys (Mecocercu-

lus), 27, 28, 30.
leucophrys (Muscicapa),

27.
leucophrys (Muscica-

para), 27.
leucophrys (Ochthceca),

19, 21, 27.
Leucopitta, 414, 4] 7.
leucoptera (Perspicilla),

48.
leucoptera (Pitta), 438.
leucopygia (Iodopleura),

392, 393.
leucorrhoa (Pipra), 293,

301.
leucoryphus (Platy-

rhynchus), 65.
leucospodia (Elainea),

137, 144.
leucotis (Tyrannus), 265.
leucura (Agriornis), 6.
leucura (Erator), 328.
leucura (Serpophaga), 29.
leucura (Tityra), 328.

Lichenops, 3, 48.
lictor (Lanius), 178.
lictor (Pitangus), 174, 178,

179.
lictor (Saurophagus), 178.
limbatus (Euscarthmus),

78.
linearis (Chiroxiphia).

307, 309.
linearis (Pipra), 309.
lineata (Pipra), 304.
linteata (Elajuea), 324,

325.
linteatus (Ileterocercus),

324.
Lipaugus, 349, 356.
littoralis (Elainea), 31.
littoralis (Ochthornis),

31.
livida (Agriornis), 4, 5,

6.
livida (Dasycephala), 5.
livida (Pepoaza), 4.
lividus (Thamnophilus),

4.
longieauda (Chiroxiphia),

311.
longieauda (Muscicapa),

40.
longieauda (Pipra), 310.
longipennis (Milvulus),

49.
longipennis (Muscipipra),

49.
longipes (Acanthisitta),

452.
longipes (Motacilla), 452.
longipes (Sylvia), 452.
longipes (Tyrannus), 49.
longipes (Xenicus), 450,

452.
Long-legged Warbler,

452.
lophotes (Knipolegus),

43.
Lophotriccus, 64, 86.
lubomirskii (Pipreola),

377, 380.
lucaysiensis (Myiarchus),

261, 262.
lucaysiensis (Tyrannula),

261.
ludoviciana (Muscicapa),

248.
ludovicianus (Tyrannus),

248.
luggeri (Tyrannus), 164.
lugubris (Contopus), 234,

236.
lugubris (Coracopitta),

449.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

4S3

lugubris (Melampitta),

449.
lugubris (Ochthodiseta),

17.
lugubris (Pitta), 449.
lunatus (Eurylaimus),

460.
lunatus (Ptilochloris),

317.
lunatus (Serilophus), 460.
lunulatus (Serilophus),

460.
lunulatus (Turdus), 410.
luteiventris (Elsenea),

164.
luteiventris (Myiodynas-

tes), 182, 183, 184.
luteiventris (Myiozetetes),

159, 264.
luteocephala (Museicapa),

323.

Machneropterus, 283,

303.
Maehetornis, 3, 52.
macilvainii (Elainia). 150.
mackloti (Brachyurus),

437.
mackloti (Erythropitta),

437.
mackloti (Pitta), 413, 432,

436, 437.
macloviana (Muscisaxi-

cola), 53, 56.
macloviana (Ptyonura),

56.
macloviana (Sylvia), 56.
macrorbyncha (Pitta),

438.
macrorbvnchus (Cymbo

rhynchus), 454, 468,

470.
macrorhyncbus (Todus),

468.
macrourus fasciatus (Tur-
dus), 420.
maculatum (Todiros-

trum), 69, 73, 74.
maculatus (Platyrbyn-

chus), 73.
maculatus (Todus). 73.
maculirostris (Museisaxi-

cola), 54, 59, 60.
maculirostris (Ptvonura),

59.
madagascariensis (Cor-

vus), 420.
madagascariensis aurea

(Merula), 410.
madagascariensis aurea
(Turdus), 410.

mafoorana (Pitta), 438,

441.
maforeana (Pitta), 441.
maforensis (Pitta), 441.
magister (Myiarcbus),

250.
magnanimus (Tyrannus),

176.
magnirostris (Empido-

nax), 262.
magnirostris (Melittar-

chus), 273.
magnirostris (Myiarchus),

247, 262.
magnirostris (Myiobius),

262.
magnirostris (Pitta), 427.
magnirostris (Tyrannus),

267, 273.
major (Bathmidurus),

346.
major (Pacbvrhamphus),

338, 346, 347.
major (Psaris), 346.
major (Schiffornis), 322,

323.
malaccensis (Bracb yurus),

420.
malaccensis (Coloburus),

420.
malaccensis (Cymbirhyn-

cbus), 468.
malaccensis (Pitta), 420,

423, 439, 443.
malaccensis (Turdus),

423.
Manacus, 312.
manacus (Chiromachaa

ris), 312, 313, 315.
manacus (Pipra), 313.
Manakin a tete noire de

Cayenne, 313.
Manakin cendre de Ca-
yenne, 341.
Manakin du Bresil, 313.
margaritaceiventer (Eu-

scarthmus), 78, 80.
margaritaceiventer (Todi-

rostrnm), 80.
margaritaceiventris (Tric-

cus), 80.
marginata (Muscipeta),

347.
marginatus (Bathmidu-
rus), 347.
marginatus (Dicrurus),

49.
marginatus(Myiozetetes),

160.
marginatus (Pachyrham-
phus), 346, 347.

marginatus (Pachyrhyn-

chus), 347.
marginatus (Khynchocy-

clus), 168.
marginatus (Todus), 347.
marginatus major (Psa-
ris), 346.
marginatus tristis (Psa-
ris), 345.
maritima (Agriornis), 4,

6,7.
maritima (Pepoaza), 6.
martinica (Elainea), 136,

141.
martinica (Museicapa),

141.
martinica (Tyrannula),

141.
martinicana cristata

(Museicapa), 141.
martinicensis (Blacicus),

241.
Masius, 283, 290.
masoni (Pyroderus), 397.
mathilda (Pitta), 426.
matutinus (Tyrannus),

272.
maxima (Gigantipitta),

419.
maxima (Leucopitta),

419.
maxima (Pitta), 419.
maximiliani (Pitangus),

176, 177.
maximiliani (Sauropha-

gus), 176.
maximus (Brachyurus),

419.
maximus (Psaris), 329.
maynana (Ampelis), 386.
mavnana (Cotinga), 382,

386.
Mecocerculus, 3, 27.
megacephala (Tyrannula),

170.
megacephalus (Pachy-

rhynchus), 333.
megacephalus (Ehyncho-

cyclus), 170, 171.
megacephalus (Todus),

88.
Megalophus, 191.
megarhvncha (Pitta), 419,

421. *
Megarhynchus, 189
m egarhynchus (Brachyu-
rus), 421.
Megastoma, 189.
Melam pitta, 449.
melancholicus (Laphyc-
tes). 274.
2x2

4S-4

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

melancholieus (Tyran-

uus), 267, 273, 276.
melancholieus couchi (Ty-
rannus), 274.
melanocephala (Ampelis),

374.
melanocephala (Chiroxi-

phia), 309.
melanocephala (Citta),

438.
melanocephala ( Pipra),

309.
melanocephala (Pitta),

442.
melanocephalu 8 (Ampe-

lio), 374.
melanocephalus (Ainpe-

lion), 373, 374.
melanocephalus (Carpor-

nis), 374.
melanocephalus (Pachy-

rhynchus), 328.
melanocephalus (Proc-

nias), 374.
melanocephalus (Todus),

69.
melanocephalus (Triccus),

70.
melanolffima (Euchloror-

nis), 378.
ruelanokema (Pipreola),

376, 377, 378, 381.
melanoleucus (Bathmidu-

rus), 340.
Melanopitta, 414, 438.
melanotis (Vermivora),

88.
Melittarchus, 267.
rueloryphus (Euscarth-

rnus), 93.
melorvphus (Hapalocer-

cus), 93, 94.
meloxantha (Muscicapa),

69.
mentalis (Muscisaxicola),

56.
mentalis (Pipra), 293,

295.
mentalis (Ptyomira), 56.
Merle de Bengale, 427.
Merle de la Guiane, 445.
Merle des Moluques, 420.
Merle des Philippines,

438.
Merle dore de Madagas-
car (Le), 410.
Merle vert des Moluques

(Le), 427.
merremii (Ampelis), 368.
Mtsange huppee de Ca-
yenne, 128.

mesoleuca (Elainea), 137,

153.
mesoleucus (Contopus),

235.
mesorhynchus (Rhyncho-

cvclus), 166.
Metopia, 283, 290.
Metopothrix, 283, 292.
mexicana (Elaenia), 162.
mexicana (Muscivora),

192, 193, 194.
mexicana (Tityra), 330.
mexicana (Tyramiula),

250.
mexicanus (Megarhyn-

chus), 190.
mexicanus (Myiarchus),

247, 249,250,251,256,

260.
mexicanus (Myiobius),

200.
mexicanus (Myionax),

249.
mexicanus (Psaris), 330.
mexicanus (Pyrocepha-

lus), 211,213.
mexicanus (Scaphorhyri-

chus), 190.
mexicanus (Tyrannus),

279.
mexicanus magister (Myi-
archus), 250.
microptera (Agriornis), 5.
miles (Ehenea), 161.
miles (Muscicapa), 52.
militaris (Chirosiphia),

311.
militaris (Coracias), 395.
militaris (Hasmatoderus),

395.
militaris (Heilicura), 311.
militaris (Helicura), 311.
militaris (Ilicura), 311.
militaris (Pipra), 311.
militaris (Queruia), 395.
militaris (Threnoedus),

395.
Milvulus, 189, 277.
minima (Habrura), 96.
minima (Hapalura), 96.
minima (Tityra), 96.
minima (Tyramiula), 227.
minimus (Empidonax),

222, 227.
minimus (Pachyram-

phus), 96.
minimus, var. pectoralis

(Empidonax), 227.
minor (Cnipodectes), 197.
minor (Hadrostomus),

333, 337.

minor (Leptopogon), 114,

115.
minor (Pachyrhamphus),

337.
minor (Queruia), 337.
minor (Schiffornis), 323.
minor (Tyrannu9), 251.
Mionectes, 109. ill.
mitratus (Lanius), 341.
mitratus (Pacbyrham-

phus), 341.
Mitrephanes, 189, 218.
Mitrepborus, 218.
modesta (Elainea), 142.
modesta (Euphone), 392.
modesta (Muscipeta),

153.
modesta (Tyrannula),

120.
mcesta (Muscicapa), 14.
mcesta (Ta^nioptera), 14.
molina (Phytotoma),406.
moluccensis (Brachyu-

rus), 420.
moluccensis (Pitta), 414,

420.
moluccensis (Turdus),

420.
monacha (Muscipeta), 50.
monacbus (Milvulus),

277.
monacbus (Tyrannus),

277.
montana (Agriornis), 4,6.
montana (Pepoaza), 6.
muelleri (Bracbyurus),

439.
muelleri (Coloburis), 439.
muelleri (Melanopitta),

439
muelleri (Pitta), 438, 439,

440.
multicolor (Todirostrum),

75.
murina (Ochtbceca), 31.
murina (Pepoaza), 15.
murina (Pyropa), 15.
murina (Tasnioptera), 10,

11, 15.
murinus(Platyrhynchus),

123.
murinus (Sublegatus),

158.
Muscigralla, 3, 63.
Muscipeta, 191.
Muscipipra, 3, 49.
Muscisaxicola, 3, 53.
Muscivora, 189, 191.
Myiacleptes, 173.
Myiarchus, 189, 246.
Myiobius, 189, 198.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

485

Myiochanes, 189, 245.
Myiodynast.es, 109, 182.
Mviopatis, 109, 123.
Myiophila, 35, 37.
Myiophobus, 198.
Myiosympotes, 93.
Myiotberetes, 3, 8.
Myiozeta, 159.
Myiozetetes, 109, 159.
Myothera, 413.
mystacea (Fluvicola), 36.
mystacea (Muscicapa),

30.
mystaeeu8 (Entoinopba-

gus), 36.
inystaceus (Platyrbyn-

clms), 65, 66. 67.
mystax (Muscicapa), 36.

ufE-ria (Muscicapa), 209.
ruEvius (Mviobius), 198,

L99, 208, 209, 210.
nseviua (Mviophobus),

209.
naevius (Psaris), 328.
nana (Lawrencia), 233.
nanus (Erapidonax), 233.
nanus (Pyrocepbalus),

211, 212, 214, 215.
nasica (Erolla), 469.
nasutus (Cymbirhynclius),

468.
nasutus (Eurylasmus),

469.
nasutus (Platyrbynchus),

468.
nasutus (Todus), 468.
nationi (Myiobius), 204.
nattereri (Cotinga), 382,

385.
nattereri (Pipra), 293,

302.
nattererii (Ampelis), 385.
nattererii (Psaris), 331.
nengeta (Fluvicola), 11.
nengeta (Lani us >. 11.
nengeta (.Muscicapa), 36.
nengeta (^Tienioptera), 10,

11.
nengeta (Xolmis), 11.
Nengetus, 10.
Neopelma, 317, 323.
Neopipo, 283, 303.
nepalensis (Gigantipitta),

415.
nidipendulus (Euscarth-

mus), 78, 79.
niger (Batbmidurus),

"344.
niger (Centritee), 60, 61,
62.

niger (Hadrostomus),

333, 334.

niger (Lanius), 334.
niger (Paehyrbainphus),

334, 337, 338, 343,
344.

niger (Pacbyrbynchus),

niger (Psaris), 344.
niger (Zetetes), 344.
nigerrima (Ada), 43, 44.
nigerrima (Brissonia),

410.
nigerrima (Fluvicola), 44.
nigerrima (Muscicapa),

43.
nigerrima (Sericoptila),

43.
nigerrimus (Onipolegus),

42. 43, 45.
nigerrimus (Turdus), 410.
nigra (Alauda), 61.
nigra (Chrysopteryx),

373.
nigra (Lessonia), 61.
nigra (Muscisaxicola), 61.
nigra (Plat3-psaris), 334.
nigra (Tijuca), 373.
nigrescens (Myiocbanes),

245, 246.
nigrescens (Pacbyrbam-

phus), 334.
nigricans (Aulanax), 33.
nigricans (Euscartbmus),

104.
nigricans (Muscicapa), 48.
nigricans (Myiarebus),

33, 34.
nigricans (Sayornis), 32,

33, 34.
nigricans (Serpbopbasra),

102, 104.
nigricans (Sylvia), 104.
nigricans (Tacburis), 140.
nigricans (Tyrannula).33.
nigricans, var. aquatica

(Sayornis), 33.
nigricapillus (Mviarcbus),

247,257.
nigricapillus (Tyrannis-

cus), 130, 131.
nigricapillus (Tyrannu-

lus), 131.
nigriceps (Muscicapa),

338.
nigriceps (Museipeta),

338.
nigriceps (Mviarcbus),

247, 258, 259.
nigriceps (Pacbyrbam-
pbus). 339.

nigriceps (Todirostrum),

69, 72.
nigriceps (Triccus), 72.
nigricollis (Pheenicercus),

368.
nigricollis (Pboenicocer-

eus), 367, 3(S8.
nigricollis (Pitta), 443.
nigrifrons (Leptopogon),

115, 119.
nigrifrons (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 55.
nigrigularis (Phoenicocer-

cus), 368.
nigrita (Ochthoeca), 19, 25.
nigriventris (Pacbyrbam-

pbus), 344.
nipalensis (Brachyurus),

415.
nipalensis (Heleornis),

414.
nipalensis (Hydrornis),

415.
nipalensis (Paludicola),

414.
nipalensis (Pitta), 413,

414, 415.
nitidus (Carpodectes),

389.
nivea (Ampelis), 403.
nivea (Muscicapa), 14.
nivea (Procnias), 403.
niveigularis (Tyrannus),

267, 270.
niveus (Cbasmorbyn-

cbus), 403.
nobilis (Myiodynastes),

182, 183, 185.
nova3-guine;e (Bracbyu-

rus), 440.
novBe-guinese (Melano-

pitta), 440.
noviE-guineoe (Pitta), 438,

440, 441.
novas-guinere mafoorana

(Pitta), 441.
novas-biberniae (Pitta),

437.
nucbalis (Cyclorhyn-

chus), 168.
nucbalis (Pitta), 415.
nucbalis (Platyrbyucbus),

168.
nuda (Gracula), 402.
nudicolbs (Ampelis), 402,

404.
nudicollis (Cbasmorhyn-

chus), 403, 404.
nudicollis (Corvus), 402.
nudicollis (Procnias), 404.
nudus (Corvus), 402.

486

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

nunciola (Museicapa),

264.
nunciola (Tyrannula),

264.
Nuttallornis, 234.
nuttingi (Myiarchus),

246, 250.
nympha (Brachyurus),

' 425.
nympha (Pitta), 419, 420,

425.

oatesi (Hydrornis), 4^5.
oatesi (Pitta), 414, 416.
oberi (Myiarchus), 251.
obscura (Elainea), 137,

152.
obscura (Muscipeta), 152.
obscura (Tyrannula),

232.
obscura rustica (Elainea),

152.
obscurata (Museicapa),

104.
obscurus (Empidonax),

222, 227, 232.
obscurus (Pyrocephalus),

211, 215.
obsolete (Elainea), 128.
obsoleta (Museicapa),

127.
obsoleta (Muscicapara),

127, 128.
obsoleta (Myiopatis),

128.
obsoleturn (Ornithion),

125, 127, 128.
occiden talis (Muscivora),

192, 194.
ochraceiventris (Mitre-

phanes), 219, 220.
ochraceiventris (Mitre-

phorus), 220.
ochraceus (Contopus),

234, 237.
ochroiuelas (Eurylaemus),

463, 465.
ochromelas (Eurylaimus),

465.
Ochthites, 63.
O.-hthodioeta, 3, 16.
Ochthoeca, 3, 16, 18.
Ochthornis, 3,31.
ocularis (Euscartlunus),

S3,
oenanthoides (Fluvicola),

20.
cenanthoides (Ochthoeca),

18, 19, 20.
oleaginea (Museicapa),
112.

oleaginea (Pipromorpha),

113.
oleagiueus (Mionectes),

111,112, 114.
oliva (Empidonax), 222,

224, 225.
oliva (Museicapa), 224.
olivacea (Elainea), 152.
olivacea (Museicapa), 121,

134, 152.
olivacea (Oncostoma), 77.
olivaceum (Oncostoma),

76, 77.
olivaceum (Todirostrum),

77.
olivaceus (Cyclorhyn-

chus), 165.
olivaceus (Leptopogon),

122.
olivaceus (Mionectes),

111, 112.
olivaceus (Platyrhyn-

ehus), 165.
olivaceus (Rbynchocy-

clus), 165, 166, 167.
olivaceus (Todus), 165.
olivina (Elainea), 137,

146, 147.
olivus (Empidochanes),

216, 217, 225.
omnicolor (Cyanotis),

110.
omnicolor (Regulus), 110.
omnicolor (Tachuris),

110.
Oncostoma, 64, 76.
Onychorhynchus, 191.
opalizans (Pipra). 292.
ophthalmicus (Pogono-

triccus), 98.
orbitalis (Capsiempis),

120, 121.
orbitatum (Todirostrum),

79.
orbitatus (Euscarthmus),

78, 79, 83.
orbitatus (Triccus), 79.
Orchilus, 64, 88.
oreas (Brachyurus), 425.
oreas (Centrites), 61, 62.
oreas (Pitta), 425.
orenocensis (Cnijiolegus),

43, 47.
orenocensis (Coraeina),

398.
orenocensis (Pyroderus),

397, 398.

ornata (Coraeina), 399.
ornata (Tyrannula), 204.
ornatus (Cepbalopterus),

398, 399, 400.

ornatus (Myiobius), 198,

204, 205.
Ornithion, 109, 125.
oustaleti (Leptopogon),

115, 118.
Oxyrhamphus, 280.
Oxyrhynchus, 280.
oxyura (Pipra), 312.

Pachyrhamphus, 327,337.
Pachyrhainphus sp., 342.
Pachyrhynchus, 337.
pagana (Elainea), 136,

137, 139, 140, 141.
pagana (Museicapa), 137.
paganus (Platyrhynchus),

137.
Paictes, 409.
pallatangffi (Elainea),

137, 146.
pallescens (Mitrephorus),

223.
palliceps (Pitta), 436.
pallida (Sayornis), 31, 32.
pallida (Tyrannula), 32.
pallidas (Blacicus), 241,

243.
pallidas (Contopus), 243.
pallidus (Myiobius), 243.
palpebrosum (Todiros-
trum), 79.
Paludicola, 413.
panamensis (Mviarchus),

253.
pareola (Chiroprion),308.
pareola (Chiroxiphia),

307, 308.
pareola (Pipra), 307, 309.
pareolides (Pipra), 3IJ9.
parinus (Psaris), 341.
parula (Serphophaga),

106.
parulus (Anreretes), 106,

107, 108.
parulus (Culicivora), 106.
parulus (Euscarthmus),

106.
parulus (Museicapa), 106.
parulus asquatorialis

(Anseretes), 106.
parvirostris(Elainea),142.
parvirostris (Myiobius),

105.
parvirostris (Pvrocepha-

lus), 212, 213".
parvirostris (Serpho-
phaga), 101, 102, 105.
parvirostris (Tvrannula),

105.
parvus (Pitangus), 175,

179.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

487

parvus(Tyranniscus),130,

132.
pectorale (Todirostrum),

82.
pectoralis (Ernpidonax),

227.
pectoralis (Euscarth-
■ inus), 96.

pectoralis (Habrura), 96.
pectoralis (Hapalocer-

cus), 96.
pectoralis (Pachyrham-

phus), 337.
pectoralis (Pachyrhyn-

chus), 337.
pectoralis (Psaris), 337.
pectoralis (Serpophaga),

9li.
pectoralis (Sylvia), 96.
pelzelni (Euscarthmus),

78, 80.
pelzelni (Myiarchus), 247,

255.
pelzelni (Pseudotriccus),

85.
penduliger (Cephalo-

pterus), 399, 400.
Pepoaza, 10, 11.
Pepoaza coronada, 12.
Pepoaza dominica, 13.
Pepoaza irupero, 13.
pepoaza (Tyrannus), 11.
Pepoaza vientre roxiso, 8.
personata (Tityra), 330.
Perspicilla, 48.
perspicillata (Ada), 48.
perspicillata (Lichenops),

48.
perspicillata (Motacilla),

48.
perspicillata ((Enanthe),

48.
perspicillata (Pipra), 301.
perlinax (Contopus), 234,

235, 236.
pertinax (Myiarchus),

249.
pertinax, var. lugubris

(Contopus), 236.
peruana (Rupicola), 370.
peruviana (Pipra), 370.
peruviana (B.upicola),

369, 370, 371.
peruviana (Tyrannula),

164.
peruvianus (Leptopogon),

117.
peruvianus (Rhynchocy-

clus), 165, 169.
peruvianus aequaforialis
(Rhynchocyclus), 169.

phfBocephalus (Myiar-
chus), 247, 255, 256.
phasocercus (Mitre-

phanes), 218, 219, 220.
phasocercus (Mitrepho-

rus), 219.
phaeonotus (Myiarchus),

247, 255.
phavrii ( Anthocincla),

412, 413.
Phibalura, 371, 372.
Philepitta, 409.
philippensis (Corvus),

438.
philippensis (Pitta), 438.
phoebe (Muscicapa), 261,

264.
phoebe (Myiarchus), 261.
phoebe (Sayornis), 264.
phoebe (Tyrannus), 261.
Phcenicercus, 367.
Phcenicocercus, 366, 367.
Phcenicocichla, 414, 429.
phoenicomitra (Myio-

bius), 199, 206.
phoenicura (Tyrannula),

205.
phcenicurus (Attila), 358.
phoenicurus (Myiobius),

199, 205.
Phoneutria, 195.
phygas (Porphyrolasma),

386.
Phyllomyias, 109, 121.
Phylloscartes, 64, 92.
Phytotoma, 406.
pica (Fluvicola), 35, 36.
pica (Muscicapa), 35.
picatum (Todirostrum),

69, 74, 75.
pilaris (Colopterus), 90.
pileata (Pipra), 284.
pileatus (Contopus), 234.
pileatus (Euscarthmus),

87.
pileatus (Leptopogon),

115, 116, 117.
pileatus (Orehilus), 87.
pileatus (Piprites), 2S3,

284.
pipiri (Tyrannus), 267.
Pipra, 283, 292.
Pipra sp., 302.
pipra (Iodopleura), 326,

392, 393.
pipra (Pardalotus), 392.
Pipreola, 372, 376.
Piprites, 283.
Pipromorpha, 111.
Pitador, 181.
pitangua (Lanius), 189.

pitangua (Megarhyn-

chus), 189, 190.
pitangua (Muscicapa),

176, 190.
pitangua (Scaphorhyn-

chus), 190.
pitangua (Tyrannus), 189.
pitangua chrysogaster
(Megarhynchus), 190.
pitangula (Muscicapa),

173.
Pitangus, 109, 174.
Pitta, 411, 412, 413, 414,

419.
placens (Elainea), 137,

148, 149, 150, 151.
platurus (Platyrhynchus),

50.
Platypsaris, 333.
platyrhyncha (Phyllo-

myias), 158, 159.
Platyrhynchos, 463.
platyrhynchos (Todus),

468.
Platvrhynchus, 64, 189,

198.
platyrhynchus (Myiar-
chus), 244, 257.
platyrhynchus (Suble-

gatus), 158.
platyrhynchus (Todus),

65.
plebeius (Contopus), 234.
plumbea (Lathria), 350,

351 .
plumbea (Muscicapa),

350.
plumbeiceps (Pogonotric-

cus), 98, 99.
plumbeiceps (Todiros-
trum), 81.
plumbeiceps (Tyrannis-

cus), 99.
plumbeum (Todiros-
trum), 70.
plumbeus (Lipaugus),

350,352. l B
plumosa (Pipra), 286.
plumulosus (Regulus),

pcecilocerca (Serpo-
phaga), 29.

pcecilocercus (Empido-
chanes), 216.

pcecilocercus (Meeocer-
culus), 27, 29.

pcecilonotus (Copurus),
51.

poecilotis (Leptopogon),
114, 116.

Pceeilotriccus, 69.

488

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

poecilurus (Empido-
djanes), 216, 217, 218.

Pogonotriecus, 64, 97.
poliocephalum (Todi-

roatrum), 69, 71.
poliocephalus (Lepto-

pogon), 115.
poliocephalus (Mionec-

tes), 111.
poliocephalus (Rhyncho-

cyclus), 165, 171.
poliocephalus (Todus),

71.
poliocephalus (Triccus),

7.1.

poliogastra (Ochthceca),

19, 24.
polionota (Ochthceca),

18, 20.
pollens (Agriomis), 2,

4,7.
polychropterus (Pachy-

rharaphus), 338, 345.
polychropterus (Platy-

rhynchus), 345.
polychropterus (Zetetes),

345.
polyglotta (Muscicapa),

11.
polyglotta (Pepoaza), 11.
pompadora (Arnpelis),

387.
pompadora (Cotinga),

387.
pompadora (Xipholena),

387, 388.
porphyrobroncha (Mus-
cicapa), 396.
Porphyrolrema, 382.
porphyrolasma (Cotinga),

382, 386.
propinqua (Pitta), 433.
propinquus(Brachyurus),

433.
Psalidura, 38.
psalura (Muscicapa), 40.
psalura (Yetapa), 40.
psalurus (Alectrurus), 40.
Psaris, 328.
Psarisomus, 458.
pseudogillia (Platyrhyn-

chus), 36.
Pseudotriccus, 64, 85.
psittacinus (Eurylaimus),

459.
psittacinus (Psarisomus),

459.
Ptilochloris, 316, 317.
Ptionura, 53.
pudica (Elainea), 145,

146.

pulchella (Ochthceca), 19,
.)■>

pulchellum (Todiros-

trum), 69, 72.
pulcher (Myiobius), 199,

207, 208.
pulih (Pitta), 422.
pullata (Muscicapa), 49.
punctata (Acanthisitta),

451.
punctata (Sitta), 451.
punensis (Oontopus), 240.
purpurea (Arnpelis), 388.
purpurea (Cotinga), 388.
purpurea (Querula), 395.
purpurea (Xipholena),

388.
Purpureipitta, 414.
pusilla (Myiopatis), 126,

133.
pusilla (Tyrannula), 225.
pusillum (Eupsilostoma),

127.
pusillum (Ornithion),

125, 126, 127.
pusillus (Cnipolegus), 43,

47.
pusillus (Empidonax),

221, 222, 225, 226,

227.
pusillus (Platyrhynchus),

225.
pusillus (Saurophagus),

178.
pusillus, var. traillii

(Empidonax), 226.
pusio (Muscicapa), 122.
Pye, Short-tailed, 423.
pygmreus (Empidonax),

223.
pyrocephala (Pipra), 305.
Pyrocephalus, 189, 211.
pyrocephalus (Machffi-

ropterus), 304, 305.
Pyroderus, 395, 397.
Pyrope, 10.

pyrope (Muscicapa), 15.
pyrope (Pepoaza), 15.
pyrope (Tasnioptera), 10,

11, 15.
pyrope (Xolmis), 15.
Pyrorhynchus, 376.
Pyrrhomyias, 198.
pyrrhophams (Tyrannus),

196.
pyrrhops (Euscarthmus),

78, 83.
py rrhoptera (Tyrannida),

202.
pyrrhopterus (Myiobius),

202.

Pyrrhorhynchus, 376.
Pythis, 292.

Querula, 395, 396.
querula (Muscicapa), 228,
238.

rafllesi (Eurylocmus), 465.
rafllesia (Calyptomena),

456.
raimondii (Pbytotoma),

406, 408.
Eamphotrigon, 165.
rapax (Muscicapa), 238.
rara (Pbytotoma), 406,

408.
Raya, 458.

regia (Muscipeta), 192.
regia (Muscivora), 191,

192, 193.
regina (Cbirosiphia),

307, 308.
regina (Pipra), 308.
regius (Megalophus), 192.
regius (Megarhynchus),

185.
regius (Platyrhynchus),

192.
regius (Todus), 192.
reguloi'des (Culicivora),

107.
reguloi'des (Euscarth-
mus), 108.
regulus (Mach.Tropterus),

303, 304, 305.
regulus (Pipra), 304.
remigialis (Ptilochloris),

317.
Rey (El), 110.
Rhyncocyclus, 109, 165.
Rhytipterna, 356.
richardsoni (Contopus),

234, 239.
richardsoni (Tyrannula),

239.
ridgwayi (Cotinga), 382,

384.
ridgwayi (Empidonax),

222. 227.
ridleyana (Elainea), 136,

139.
riefferi (Arnpelis), 377.
riefferi (Euchlorornis),

377.
riefFeri (Pipreola), 376,
_ 377, 378.
riefferi (Pyrrhorhynchus),

377.
riefferii (Euchlornis), 377.
riisii (Elainea), 141.
risoria (Muscicapa), 39.

risorius (Alectrurus), 38,

39, 40.
rixosa (Machetornis), 52.
rixosa (Pepoaza), 52.
rixosus (Saurophagus),

52.
rixosus (Tyrannus), 52.
rodogaster (Pitta), 443.
Roitelet Mesange (Le),

128.
roraimas (Myiobius), 199,

208.
roseicollis (Pachyrhani-

phus), 337.
roseicollis (Psaris), 337.
rosenbergi (Pitta), 438,

441.
rostratus (Platyrhyn-

chus), 64, 65.
rostratus (Todus), 65.
rostratus (Tyrannus),

267, 273.
rubetra (Muscisaxicola),

16.
rubetra (Tamioptera), 11,

16.
rubicunda (Neopipo),

303.
rubicundus (Einpidonax),

222.
rubigastra (Sylvia), 110.
rubineus (Pyrocephalus),

211, 213, 215.
rubineus coronatus (Pyro-
cephalus), 212.
rubineus raexicanus (Py-
rocephalus), 213.
rubineus obscurus (Py-
rocephalus), 215.
rubineus, var. mexicanus

(Pyrocephalus), 213.
rubinus (Museicapa), 211.
rubra (Casiornis), 365.
rubra (Dasycephala),

365.
rubra (Museicapa), 365.
rubra (Querula), 395.
rubricapilla (Dixiphia),

295.
rubricapilla (Musci-
saxicola), 53, 57, 58.
rubricapilla (Pipra), 293,

295.
rubricollis (Coracina),

396, 397.
rubricollis (Museicapa),

396.
rubricollis (Querula),

396.
rubricollis (Threnoedus),
396, 397.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

rubrifrons (Pipra), 312.
rubrigastra (Taehuris),

110.
rubrinucha (Brachyurus),

435.
rubrinucha (Erythro-

pitta), 435.
rubrinucha (Pitta), 432,

435.
rubrocapillus (Manacus),

295.
rubrocristata (Ampelis),

390.
rubrocristata (Carpornis),

390.
rubrocristata (Helio-

chera), 390.
rubrocristatus (Ampe-

lion), 390.
rubropygia (Eaya), 461.
rubropygius (Eurylai-

mus), 461.
rubropygius (Serilophus),

460, 461.
rufa (Alauda), 61.
rufa (Museicapa), 343.
rufa (Schiffomis), 323.
rufa (Tityra), 333.
ruf'axilla (Ampelion),391.
rufaxilla (Ampelis), 391.
rufaxilla (Heliochera),

390, 391.
rufescens (Aulia), 354,

355.
rufescens (Lipaugus),

rufescens (Museicapa),

343.
rufescens (Myiobius),

198, 204.
rufescens (Pachyrham-

phus), 343.
rufescens (Pachyrhyn-

chus), 343.
rufescens (Tyrannus),362.
ruficapilla (Museicapa),

46.
rufieauda (Cyclorhyn-

chus), 172.
rufieauda (Muscipeta),

265.
rufieauda (Platyrhyn-

chus), 172.
rufieauda (Rampho-

trigon), 172.
rufieauda (Rhyncho-

cyelus), 165, 172.
ruficeps (Cajnotriecus),

86.
ruficeps (Conopophaga),

86.

489

ruficeps (Elainea), 137,

152.
ruficeps (Fluvicola), 86.
ruficeps (Hapalocercus),

93.
ruficeps (Leptocercus),

ruficeps (Lepturus), 93.
ruficeps (Megastoma),

190.
ruficeps (Museicapa), 86.
ruficeps (Pachyrhyn-

chus), 343.
ruficeps (Serpophaga),

ruficeps (Todirostrum),

69, 75, 76, 86.
ruficeps (Tyrannula), 86.
rufigene (Todirostrum),

69, 76.
rufigenis (Pcecilotriccus),

76.
rufigularis (Attila), 358.
rufigidaris (Euscarth-

mus), 78, 82.
rufilatum (Todirostrum),

81.
rufimarginata (Och-

thceca), 19, 25.
rufina (Museicapa), 265.
rufinus (Tyranuus), 265.
rufipectoralis (Fluvicola),

23.
rufipectoralis (Ochthoeca),

rufipectus (Leptopogon),

rufipectus (Tyrannula),

rufipennis (Muscisaxi-
cola), 54, 60.
rufipennis (Myiozetetes),

160.
rufipennis (Pitangus),

175, 176.
rufipennis (Saurophagus),

175.
rufipes (Euscarthmus),

78.
rufiventris (Brachyurus).

434.
rufiventris (Coloburis),

434.
rufiventris (Dasycephala),

8.
rufiventris (Erythro-

pitta), 434.
rufiventris (Mionectes)

111, 114. '

rufiventris (Museicapa),

490

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

rufiventris (Myiarchus),

9.
rufiventris (Myiothe-

retes), 8.
ruliventris (Pitta), 432,

434, 435.
rufiventris (Tajnioptera),

8.
rufiventris (Tyrannus), 8,

9.
rufivertex (Muscisaxi-

cola), 53, 54, 58.
rufivertex (Ptyonura), 58.
rufocristata (Ampelis),

390.
rufocristatus (Arnpelion),

390.
rufogularis (Ada), 43.
rufbmarginatus (Hapalo-

cercus), 93.
rul'oinarginatus (Myi-
archus), 256.
rufo-olivaceum (Hetero-

pelma), 319.
rui'o-olivaceus (Ptilo-

chloris), 319.
rufula (Tyrannula), 365.
rui'um (Heteropelma),

323.
rufus (Attila), 363.
rufus (Centrites), 61.
rufus (Centrophanes), 61.
rufus (Pachy rharo phus),

338, 343.
rupestris (Hirundinea),

196.
rupestris (Muscicapa),

196.
rupestris (Platyrhyn-

chus), 196.
Rupicola, 366, 369.
rupicola (Pipra), 369,

370.
russatus (Euscarthrnus),

78, 82.
rustica (Elainea), 152.
rustica (Muscicapa), 356.
rusticus (Myiarchus), 356.
rutila (Phytotoma), 406,

407.

sagra' (Muscicapa), 261.
sagra3 (Mviarchus), 247,

261.
salvini (Empidochanes),

216,218.
salvim (Empidonax), 222,

231, 232.
salvini (Ocbthceca), 19,

25.

sanghirana (Pitta), 438,

440.
sanguinaria (Laniocera),

354.
sanguinicollis (Arupelisj,

397.
sanguinolenta( Rupicola),

369, 370, 371.
Sarcophanops, 458, 462.
satelles (Muscicapa), 269.
Satellus, 267.
satrapa (Laphyctes), 274.
satrapa (Muscicapa), 274.
satrapa (Tyrannus), 274.
saturata (Rupicola), 371.
saturatus (Platyrhyn-

chus), 64, 66.
Saui-jala (Le), 410.
saui-jala (Turdus), 410.
Saurophagus, 174.
savana (Muscicapa), 277.
savana (Tyrannus), 277.
saya (Muscicapa), 32.
say a (Ochtboeca), 32.
saya (Sayornis), 32.
saya (Tyrannula), 32.
sayi (Sayiornis), 32.
Sayornis, 3, 32.
sayus (Aulanax), 32.
Scapliorhvnchus, 189.
Schiffornis, 317, 322.
schistaceiceps (Todiros-
trum), 69, 74.
schlegeli (Philepitta),

409,410,411.
schottii (Contopus), 240.
schwaneri (Eucichla),

445, 446.
schwaneri (Pitta), 446.
sclateri (Attila), 359,

361, 362.
sclateri (Doliornis), 390.
sclateri (Euclilornis),

379.
sclateri (Hirundinea),

195.
sclateri (Myiarchus), 246.
sclateri (Ornithion), 127.
sclateri (Pipreola), 376,

379.
sclateri (Todirostrum),

69, 70, 71.
sclateri (Triccus), 71.
scutata (Coracias), 397.
scutata (Coracina), 397.
scutatus (Pyroderus),

326, 397, 398.
scutatus granadensis (Py-
roderus), 398.
selbii (Psaris), 331.

semi-atra (Muscicapa),

33.
semifasciata (Tityra),

328, 330.
semifasciatus (Pachy-

rhynchus), 330.
semifasciatus (Psaris),

330.
semirlava (Elainea), 120,

136.
semiflavus (Tyrannulus),

128, 129, 130.
semifusca (Myiopatis),

123.
semifusca (Phyllomyias),

123, 158.
semipagana (Elainea),

137, 138, 139.
semirufus (Mviarchus),

247, 263.
senex (Euscartlinius), 78.
senex (Platyrhynchus),

64, 65.
serena (Pipra), 292, 293,

300.
sericea (Philepitta), 410.
sericeogula (Raya), 458.
sericeogula (Simornis),

458.
Sericoptila, 42.
Serilophus, 458, 460.
Serphophaga, 64, 101.
serratus (Oxyrhynchus),

281.
setophagokles (Mecocer-

culus), 27.
setophagoides (Myiar-
chus), 27.
setophagoides (Ochthce-
ca), 27.
setophagoides (Tyran-
nula), 27.
Short-tailed Pye, 423.
sibilans (Muscicapa), 181.
sibilans (Myiarchus),

181.
sibilans (Tyrannula),

181.
sibilator (Muscicapa),

181.
sibilator (Sirystes), 181,

182.
sibilatrix (Lipaugus),

354.
sibilatrix (Muscicapa),

354.
signatum (Todirostrum),

69, 74.
signatus (Ochthodiffita),

17.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

491

silens (Pbytotorna), 406.
similis (Museioapa), 161.
similis (Myiozetetes),

159, 161, 162.
similis (Tyrannula), 161.
similliraa (Pitta), 428,

429.
Simornis, 458.
simplex (Lipaugus), 356,

357.
simplex (Muscicapa),

356.
sirnplex(Pachyrbyncbus),

341.
Simus, 458.
Hirystes, 109, 181.
Sisopygis, 3, 41.
solitaria (Agriornis), 4, 7.
solitarius (Myiodynastes),

182, 185.
solitarius (Tyramius),

185.
sordida (Melanopitta),
' 438.

sordida (Pitta), 438.
sordidulus (Contopus),

239.
sordidus (Bracliyurus),

438, 439.
sordidus (Turdus), 438.
soror (Hydrornis), 415.
soror (Pitta), 414, 415.
spadicea (Muscicapa),

362.
spadiceus (Attila), 358,

359, 362.
spectabilis (Elainea), 136.
spectabilis (Muscicapa),

279.
spicif'er (Euscartbmus),

87.
spicifer (Lophotriccus),

86, 87.
spiciferum (Todiros-

truni), 87.
spixii (Pacbyrhynckus),

345.
splendens (Muscipeta),

345.
spodiostethus (Attila),

359, 360.
spodiurus (Pacbyrbain-

phus), 337. 341.
squamata (Muscicapa),

317.
squamata (Ptilocbloris),

317.
squamatus (Pacbyrbam-

pbus), 339.
squumicristatum (Todi-

roslrum), 87.

squamicristatus (Eu-
scartbmus), 87.
squamicristatus (Lopbo-

triccus), 86, 87.
steerii (Bracbyurus), 442.
steerii (Cyanopitta), 442.
steerii (Eurykenius),

462.
steerii (Melanopitta),

442.
steerii (Pitta), 414, 438,

442.
steerii (Sarcopbanops),

462.
stellatus (Myiobius), 198,

204.
stenorhynchum (Hetero-

pelma), 318, 320.
steuura (Culicivora), 97.
steuura (Hapalura), 97.
steuura (Muscicapa), 97.
stictoptera (Elainia), 28.
stictoptera (Ocbtbceca),

28.
stictopterus (Mecocer-

culus), 27, 28.
Stigmatura, 64, 100.
stokesii (Xenicus), 452.
stolida (Tyrannula), 260.
stolida, var. domiuicensis

(Myiarcbus), 260.
stolida, var. lucaysiensis

(Tyrannula), 261.
stolidus (Myiarcbus),

246, 247, 260, 261.
stolidus (Myiobius), 260.
stolidus, var. antillarum

(Myiarcbus), 262.
stolidus, var. leucaysien-

sis (Myiarcbus), 261.
stolidus, var. pbcebe

(Myiarcbus), 261.
stolidus, var. stolidus

(.Myiarcbus), 260.
straminea (Muscicapa),

102.
strenua (Erytbropitta),

437.
strenua (Pitta), 437.
strenuus(Tbamnopbilus),

364.
strepera (Elainea), 136,

143.
strepitans (Eracbyurus),

428.
strepitans (Coloburis),

428.
strepitans (Pitta), 414,

420, 428.
strepitans, var. similliina

(Pitta), 428.

streptopbora (Latbria),

349, 350, 352.
striata (Agriornis), 4, 5.
striaticep3 (Muscisaxi-

cola), 53.
striaticolle (Todiros-

trum), 83.
striaticollis (Euscartb-
mus), 78, 79, 83.
striaticollis (Mionectes),

111,112.
striaticollis (Muscicapa),

111.
striaticollis (Muscica-

para), 111.
striaticollis (Myiothe-

retes), 8, 9.
striaticollis (Taenioptera),

9.
strigatus (Psaris), 333.
Btrigilata(Muscipeta),212.
strigilata (Pipra), 304.
strigilatus (Macbasro-

pterus), 304.
strigilatus (Pyrocepba-

lus), 212.
striolata (Pipra), 304.
striolatus (Macbseropte-

rus), 304.
suavissima (Pipra), 293,

300.
subalaris (Latbria), 350,

353.
subalaris (Lipaugus), 353.
subbrunneus ( Cnipodec-

tes), 197, 198.
subbrunneus (Cyclorhyn-

chus), 197.
subbrunneus (Myio-

cbanes), 197.
subcristata (Heb!naea),

102.
subcristata (Muscica-

para), 102.
subcristata (Serpho-

pbaga), 101, 102, 103.
subcristata (Sylvia), 102.
subflava (Serpbopbaga),

102, 105.
Sublegatus, 109, 157.
subochraceus (Myiobius),

199, 208.
subpagana (Elainea), 137,

138.
subplacens (Elainea),

137, 149.
subviridis (Pbyllomyias),

Suiriri, 52, 154.
Suiriri cabcza y rabadilla
de canela, 46.

492

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Suiriri chorreado, 48.
Suiriri chorreado debaxo,

265.
Suiriri chorreado sin

roxo, 155.
suiriri (Empidagra), 154.
suiriri iFluvicola), 154.
Suiriri guazu, 273.
suiriri (Muscicapa), 154.
Suiriri negro pico celeste,

46.
Suiriri obscuro y ama-

rillo, 41.
Suiriri ordinaria, 154.
Suiriri pardo y roxo, 251.
Suiriri roxo, 365.
Suiriri roxo obscuro, 196.
suiriri (Suiriri), 154.
suiriri (Tamioptera), 154.
sulphuratus(Lanius),176.
sulphuratus (Megarhyn-

chus), 176.
sulphuratus (Pitangus),

2.174,176.
sulphuratus (Sauropha-

gus), 175, 176. 177.
sulphuratus (Scapho-

rhynchus), 190.
sulphuratus (Tyrannus),

175, 176, 177.
sulphuratus maximiliani

(Pitangus), 178.
sulphurea (Muscicapa),

164.
sulphureicollis (Psaris),

340.
sulphureipygia (Tyran-

nula), 20*0.
sulphureipvgins (Myio-

bius), 198.
sulphurescens (Platy-

rhynchus), 168.
sulphurescens (Rhvneho-

cyclus), 165, 168, 169,

170.
sulphureus (Myiozetetes),

159, lf»4.
sumatranus (Coracias),

466.
sumatranus (Corydon),

466. 467.
sumatranus (Eurylas-

mus), 467.
sumatranus (Eurylai-

reus), 467.
superba (Ampelis), 383.
superba (Pipra), 307.
superbus (Manaeus), 307.
superciliaris (Citta), 423.
superciliaris (Euscarth-

nms). 96.

superciliaris (Leptopo-
gon), 114, 115, 116.
superciliaris (Leptotric-

cus), 99, 100.
superciliaris (Myiobius),

206.
superciliaris (Myiodynas-

tes), 188.
superciliaris (Platyrhyn-

chus), 65, 68.
superciliaris (Todiros-

trum), 74.
superciliaris transandea-

uus (Leptopogon), 115.
superciliosa (Ochthceca),

18, 19.
superciliosa (Tyrannula),

173.
superciliosus (Conopias),

173.
superciliosus (Myiobius),

199, 206.
superciliosus (Tyramius),

162.
surinama (Muscicapa),

340.
surinama (Tityra), 340.
surinamus (Pachyrham-

phus), 338, 340.
surinamus (Psaris), 340.
surinamus (Zetetes), 340.
swainsoni (Muscivora),

192.
swainsoni (Myiarchus),

253.
swainsonii (Paclryrhyn-

chus), 347.
sylviola(Leptotriceus).99.
sylriola (Muscicapa), 99,

100.
Syrichta, 234.

Tachuri pardo vientre de

perla, 80.
Tachuri peclio amarillo,

96.
Tachuri vientre amarillo,

94.
Tachuris, 109.
taczanowskii (Elainea),

137, 144.
Ttenioptera, 3, 10.
tamioptera (Muscicapa),

11.
Tamnolanius, 4.
taylori (Pitangus), 175,

180.
taylori (Tyrannus), 180.
Teleonema, 289.
temmincki (Corydon),

467.

tenuirostris (Acanthi-

sitta), 451.
tenuirostris (Acanthiza),

451.
texensis (Elasnia), 162.
texensis (Muscicapa), 162.
texensis (Myiozetetes),

159, 162.
texensis columbianus

(Myiozetetes), 162.
thamnophiloides (Attila),

359, 364, 365.
thamnophiloides (Dasy-

cephala), 364.
thamnophiloides (Musci-
capa), 364.
thamnophiloides (Tyran-
nus), 365.
Theromyias, 32.
thoracica (Ochthceca), 19,

25.
Threnoedus, 396.
Thrush, Black-cheeked,

410.
Tijuca, 371, 373.
tiriri (Tyrannus), 272.
Tityra, 327, 328.
tityroides (Psaris), 330.
Todirostrum, 64, 69.
Todus, 191.

Tody, Great-billed, 468.
Tody, Javan, 463.
torridus(Attila), 359, 365.
trailli (Empidonax), 222,

226, 227.
trailli (Tyrannula), 217.
traillii (Muscicapa), 226.
traillii, var. pusillus (Em-
pidonax), 226.
tricarunculatus (Chasmo-

rhynchus), 403, 405.
Triccus, 69.
tricolor (Alectrurus), 38,

39.
tricolor (Gallita), 39.
tricolor (Myiarchus),

247, 259.
triostegus (Pitta), 423.
triostegus (Turdus), 423.
tristis (Blacicus), 244.
tristis (Leptopogon), 115,

118.
tristis (Myiarchus), 244.
tristis (Myiobius). 244.
tristis (Psaris), 345.
tristis, var. lawrencii

(Myiarchus), 256.
tristis, -var. nigrieapillus

(Myiarchus i, 257.
tristis, Tar. nigriceps

(Myiarchus), 258.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

493

trivirgata (Conopias),173.
trivirgata (Muscicapa),

173.
tschudii (Cotinga), 375.
tschudii (Hemipipo), 284.
tschudii (Piprites), 283,

284.
tschudii (Tyrannula), 265.
tuberculifer (Mviarchus),

246, 258.
tuberculifer (Tyrannus),

259.
turubezana (Myiopatis),

123, 124.
tumbezana(Phyllomyias),

124.
turdina (Muscicapa), 319.
turdinum (Heteropelrna),

318, 319.
typicum (Lathriosouia),

355.
typus (Casiornis), 365.
Tyran de Cayenne (Le

petit), 251.
Tyran hupe de Cayenne,

192.
Tyranneutes, 292.
Tyranniscus, 109, 130.
Tyranniscus sp., 133.
Tyrannula, 198.
Tyrannulus, 109, 128.
tyrannulus (Muscicapa),
' 251.
tyrannulus (Mviarchus),

247, 251, 253"
tyrannulus (Pipra), 394.
tyrannulus, var. pbseo-

cephalus (Myiarchus),

256.
Tyrannus, 189, 267.
Tyrannus sp., 181.
tyrannus (Despotes), 277.
tyrannus (Lanius), 267.
tyrannus (Milvulus), 277,

278.
tyrannus (Muscicapa),

277.
tyrannus(Tyrannus), 268,

278.
tyrannus y. carolinensis

(Lanius), 267.
tyrannus, Tar. domini-

censis (Lanius), 272.

unicolor (Chloropipo),

286.
unicolor (Cnipolegus),

43,47.
unicolor (Heteropelina),

321.
unicolor (Pipra), 321.

unicolor (Sericoptila), 47.
uniformis (Chloropipo),

286.
unirufa (Lathria), 350,

353.
unirufus (Lipaugus), 353.
uropygialis (Attila), 359,

360.
uropygialis (Chirocvlla),

349, 350.
uropygialis (Dasyce-

phala), 359, 360.
uropygialis (Lathria),

350.
uropygialis (Mecocer-

culus), 27, 28.
uropygialis(Tyranniscus),

28.
uropvgiata (Muscicapa),

359.
uropvgiatus (Myiarchus),

359.
Urraca degollada, 397.
ussheri (Pitta), 429, 430.

validus (Attila), 359, 364.
validus (Lanius), 333.
validus (Myiarchus), 247,

252.
validus (Myionax), 252.
validus (Pachyrham-

phus), 334.
validus (Psaris), 333.
varia (Muscicapa), 265.
variegata (Ampelis), 405.
variegata (Elaenia), 156.
variegata (Pepoaza), 8.
variegata (Procnias). 405.
variegata (Tamioptera), 8.
variegata (Xolmis), 8.
Variegated Chatterer,

405.
variegatus (Anthus), 61.
variegatus (Bathruidu-

rus), 345.
variegatus (Chasmorhyn-

ehus>, 403,405.
variegatus (Legatus), 156.
variegatus (Pacbyrhvn-

chus), 345.
varius (Enjpidonoinus),

265.
velata (Muscicapa), 12.
velata (Pepoaza), 12.
velata (Taenioptera), 11,

12.
velutina (Pipra), 293,

299.
venezuelensis (Myiar-
chus), 253.
ventralis (Elainia), 92.

ventralis (Euscarthmus),

92.
ventralis (Leptopogon),

92.
ventralis (Muscicapa), 92.
ventralis (Phylloscartes),

92.
ventralis (Tyrannulus),

92.
venusta (Pitta), 414, 429,

430.
venustus (Brachyurus),

429.
venustus (Erythropitta),

429.
verae-pacis (Hetero-
pelma), 318, 320.
versicolor (Callopsaris),

340.
versicolor (Pachyrham-

phus), 337, 338, 339.
versicolor (Pitta), 428.
versicolor (Psaris), 340.
versicolor (Vireo), 339.
verticalis (Laphyctes),

269.
verticalis (Muscicapa),

269.
verticalis (Tyrannus),

267, 269.
verticata (Serphopkaga),

102.
vetula (Muscicapa), 49.
vetula (Muscipipra), 49.
vetulus (Ictiniscus), 49.
vetulus (Milvulus), 49.
vieilloti (Pachyrham-

phus), 339.
vieillotides (Myiobius),

198, 202.
vieillotii(Muscipeta), 202.
vieillotii (Tityra), 338.
vieillotioides(Tyrannula),

202.
vigorsi(Brachyurus), 426.
vigorsi (Coloburis), 42(i.
vigorsi (Pitta). 420, 426.
vilis (Euscarthmus), 91.
vilissima (Elainea), 132.
vilissimus (Tyranniscus),

130, 132, 133.
villosus (Myiobius), 198,

201.
violenta (Muscicapa),

278.
violentus (Milvulus), 278.
violentus (Tyrannus), 278.
virens (Contopus), 234

238, 239, 240.
virens (Muscicapa), 238.
virens (Myiarchus), 238.

494

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

virens, var. richardscmi

(Contopus), 239.
vireoninus (Einpido-

cbanes), 217.
virescens (Heteropelrna),

318,321.
virescens (Muscicapa),

121,321.
virescens (Phyllomyias),

121.
virescens (Pipra), 292,

293, 302.
virescens (Ptilochloris),

321.
virescens (Tyrannula),

121.
virgata (Muscicapa), 209.
virgata (Muscipeta), 209.
virgata (Psaris), 328.
viridescens (Empidonas),

232.
viridicata (Elainea), 148.
viridicata (Helinaea),

148.
viridicata (Muscicapara),

148.
viridicata (Sylvia), 148.
viridiceps (Rbyncbocy-

clus), 165, 171.
viridiflava (Elainia), 130.
viridiflavus (Leptopogon),

130.
viridiflavus(Tyranniscus),

130.
viridis (Ampelis), 378.
viridis (Calyptomena),

455, 456.

viridis (Pacbvrbampbus),

337, 338, 339.
viridis (Pipra), 456.
viridis (Pipreola), 376,

378.
viridis (Rupicola), 456.
viridis (Tityra), 338.
viridis atricapilla moluc-

censis (Merula), 438.
viridis intermedia (Pi-
preola), 378.
viridissirmis (Tyramiis-

cus), 134, 135.
virussu (Lathria), 350,

351.
virussu (Lipaugus), 350.
viscivorus (Turdus), 2.
vitellina(Cbiroinacba2ris),

312, 315, 316.
vitellina (Pipra), 315.
vittigera (Muscicapa),

12.
vociferans (Lapbyctes),

269.
vociferans (Muscicapa),

350.
vociferans (Tyrannus),

267, 269.

wagre (Myiopatis), 123.
wallacii (Heteropelrna),

318, 319, 320.
"Warbler, Citrine, 451.
Warbler, Long-legged,

452.
WTbiskered Flycatcber,

199.

whitebeadi (Calypto-
mena), 456, 457.

wbitelyi (Pipreola), 377,
381.

wiedii (Pipra), 290.

Wren, Gold-naped, 128.

wucbereri (Euscartbmus),
80.

santbopygius (Myiobius),

199, 201.
xant bopygi us (Platy rbyn-

cbus), 199.
Xeuicus, 450, 452.
Xenopipo, 283, 287.
Xenurus, 38.
Xipholena, 372, 387.
Xoknis, 10.

Yetapa, 38.

yetapa (Alectrurus), 41.

yetapa (Cybernetes), 40,

41.
yetapa (Muscicapa), 40.
Yiperu, 40.

yiperu (Gubernetes), 41.
yiperu (Muscicapa), 40.
yucatanensis(Myiarcbus),

247, 260.

zeledoni (Pogonotriccus),

98.
Zetetes, 337.
zosterops (Euscartbmus),

78, 79.

END OF THE FOURTEENTH VOLUME.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COVRT, FLEET STREET.

LIST OF PLATES.

Plate

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

XXVI.

Agriornis pollens 7

insolens 7

solitaria 7

Taenioptera holospodia 14

Ochthodiaeta fusco-rufus 18

Ochthoeca leucometopa 21

Fig. 1. Ochthoeca citrinifrons 22

Fig. 2. pulchella 22

Fig. 1. Platyrhynchus flavigularis 65

Fig. 2. albigularis 67

Fig. 1. Euscarthmus russatus 82

Fig. 2. impiger 84

Leptopogon erythrops 119

Fig. 1. Tyranniscus ciuereiceps 131

Fig. 2. gracilipes 133

Elainea olivina 146

Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus 167

Sirystes albocinereus 181

Muscivora occidentalis, rf & J 194

Cnipodectes subbrunneus 197

Myiobius flavicans 205

roraimae 208

Ceratopipra iracunda 288

Heteropelma wallacii 319

flavicapillum 321

iguiceps ... 322

Heterocercus aurantii vertex 325

Hadrostomus homochrous, J & 5 334

Pachyrhamphus spodiui'us, c? & 2 341

Iodopleura leucopygia 393

g
?

^

-S5

"S

Birds B.M.VolJN.

n . mi.

<J.£-TT.,t dcl-ethtk

Mmterr-. Bros Chromo hfch.

l.Platyrkynjckas flgxtgularis. ?.Plat\>rlcyrLcJuis albipularis.

w<./;..v.i;>/.j7!\

PI. a.

J.Smit del.etlitK.

]. Ewicarihimis raseatut

Mmlrrn. Bros . Chrotno hth.

2 . x wscarthiruis intpiqer .

Birds B.M.Vol.m.

Pi. I.

J-Smitdel.etlith.

Leptopogon cry I In ops .

Mmtem Bros Jn

Bird,' B.M. Vol.m.

PI. XI.

• Snut ad.et Hfli

7. tyramuscus cuwreuxps. 2 . Tynmnisaus (jraalipes,

MmterrL Bros . Chroma lith.

f

Birds IUI VoLXIV.

PI. XV.

J-Smtt del.et.lith.

Musaxcra ocddefdalis.l ,2$.

Mintem Bros . in

Birds B.M.Vol.W

PL XVI.

t Snrit 3el et lit"!..

Gupodect&s suhiranrveus.

Mi at cm Bros. Chromo lith.

fel

Birds B.M.VolJN.

PL. MM.

J- Snut dd el htk .

Jfyiobius roraimee.

MintemBros. Chromo ]itk.

eg

«3

Birds BM.VolM

Metcrcpelnia fbiricapiUuriL

Birds B.M.VolM.

pi. mi.

J. Ssmt <lfiLet lith.

Hctet-opelnui igniceps .

Birds RM.VoLM.

PL..UM.

':-

J. Sunt del.et LtK

Hderccej'ais aurarvtuvertetc.

-fa

Bwds B.M.VoUOV.

PI . xx\r.

J. Sirut delel.Hth.

Packyrampkus spodwrus,! (?, .'

Minterrv Brcs . lrxp .

Birds B.M.VcLW

lodoplmra levucojfygija

Mintem Bros . imp.

SELECTED LIST

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific
Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. ' Alert,' 1881-2. Edited by
Dr. GUnther. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo. £1 10s.

MAMMALS.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats. 21 Wood-
cuts. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1870, 8vo. 4s.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia.
By Dr. J. E. Gray. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6*. 6d.

Hand-List of Seals, Morses, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears. 30 Plates
of Skulls. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1874, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Catalogue of Seals and Whales. By Dr. J. E. Gray. Second edition.
101 Woodcuts. I860, 8vo. 8s.
Supplement. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. Qd.

List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department.
By Prof. Flower. 1885, Svo. Is. Qd.

-i SELECTED LIST OF THE NATURAL HISTOKY PUBLICATIONS.

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnaeus). By Dr.

J. E. Gray. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. (id.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata. By 0. Thomas.

28 Plates (4 col.). 1888, 8vo. £1 8s.

BIEDS.

Catalogue of the Birds. By R. Bowdler Sharpe, H. Seebohm,
H. Gadow, and P. L. Sclater. Vols. III.-XV., 1877-90, 8vo.
Woodcuts and coloured Plates. 14s. to 28s. a volume. (Vols. I.
and II. out of print.)

REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Chclonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles.
New edition. By G. A. Boulenger. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates.
1889, 8vo. 15*.

Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct). By Dr. Giinther.

54 Plates. 1877, 4to. .£1 10s.
Catalogue of the Lizards. Second edition. By G. A. Boulenger.

Plates. 3 vols. 1885-87, 8vo. Vols. I., II., 20s. each ; III.,

26s.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes. By Dr. Giinther. 1858, 12mo.
4s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia. By Dr. Giinther. 12 Plates.
1858, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata. Second edition.
By G. A. Boulenger. Woodcuts and 30 Plates. 1882, 8vo.
£1 10s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia s. Caudata, and Batrachia
Apoda. Second edition. By G. A. Boulenger. 9 Plates. 1882,
8vo. 9s.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes. By Dr. Giinther. Vols. II.-VIII.

1860-70, 8vo. Woodcuts. * 7s. to 10s. 6d. a volume. (Vol. I.

out of print.')
Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish. By Dr. J. J. Kaup. 4 Plates.

1856. 12rno. 2s.

SELECTED LIST OF TUB NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. 3

MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca. Part I. By

Dr. J. E. Gray. Woodcuts. 1857, Svo. 5s.
Catalogue of Pulmonata. Part I. By Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Woodcuts

1855, 12mo. 2s. Qd.

Catalogue of the AuriculidfB, Proserpinid®, and Truncatellida?. By
Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. Is. ikl.

Catalogue of the Conehifera, or Bivalve Shells. By Mons. Deshayes.
2 Parts. 1853-54, 12mo. Part I., 3s. ; II., 6cZ.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda, or Lamp Shells. By Dr.
J. E. Gray. Woodcuts. 1853, 12mo. 3s.

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa. Part III. Cyclostomata. By
G. Busk. 38 Plates. 1875, Svo. 5s.

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of Amphipodous Crustacea, By C. Spence Bate. 58
Plates. 1862, Svo. £1 5s.

INSECTS.

Coleopterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira. By T. V. Wol-
laston. 1 Plate. 1857, Svo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries. By T. V.
Wollaston. 1864, Svo. 10s. Qd.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera. Part I. Lycida?.

By C. 0. Waterhouse. 18 Plates, coloured. 1879, Svo. 16s.
Catalogue of Halticidae. By Rev. H. Clark. !» Plates. 1S60 Svo

7s.

Catalogue of Hispida?. By J. S. Baly. Part I. f) Plates. 1858,
Svo. 6s.

4 SELECTED LIST OF THE NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS.

1 [ iimetwpterous Insects.

Catalogue of Hymenoptcrous Insects. By P. Smith. Parts I.-VII.

1853-59, 12mo. 2s. to 6*. a Part.
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera. By F. Smith.

1879, 8vo. 10s.

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical
Specimens. By W. F. Kirby. Vol. I. Tenthredinidffi and Siri-
eidse. 16 coloured Plates. 1882, 8vo. .£1 18s.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera. By
A. G. Butler. Parts I.-VII. Coloured Plates. 1877-89, 4to.
£2 to £2 10s. a Part. (Parts II. and IV. out of print.)

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridae. By A. G.
Butler. 5 Plates. 1868, 8vo. os. 6d.

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius. By A. G.

Butler. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. 6cZ.
Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycaenidae. By W. C. Hewitson. 8 col.

Plates. 1862. 4to. £1 Is.

Neuropterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects. By Dr. H.
Hagen. Part I. Termitina. 1858, 12mo. (>'/.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects. Part I. Phasmidae. By J. 0.

Wcstwdod. 4S Plates. 1859, 4to. £3.
Catalogue of the Blattariae. By F. Walker. 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d.
Catalogue of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement to the Blat-

tarise. Gryllida?, Blattaria1, Locustidse. By F. Walker. 1869,

8vo. 5s.

. Part II. Locustidse (continued). 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d.

. Part III. Locustidse (continued), Acrididae. 1870,

8vo. 4s.

. Part IV. Acrididae (continued). 1870, 8vo. 6s.

. Part V. Tettigidae, and Supplements. 1870, 8vo. 6s.

SELECTED LIST OF THE NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. 5

Hemipterous Insects.

Catalogue of Heteropterous Hemiptera. By F. Walker. Parts
I. -VIII. 1867-73, Svo. 4*. to (is. 6d. a Part.

VERMES.

Catalogue of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, By Dr. Baird. 2
Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariidae. By Dr. J. E. Gray.

Woodcuts. 1870, Svo. Is. M.
Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals. By Dr. J. E. Gray.

Woodcuts. 187U, Svo. 3s.

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Eossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae, and
Vespidss. By F. Smith. 6 Plates. 1858, 12mo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Non-parasitical Worms. By Dr. G. Johnston.
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. 1865, Svo. 7s.

List of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum : —
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd edition. 1856,
12mo. Is. 9d.

Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By F. Smith.
1853, 12mo. Is. Ad.

Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White.
1853, 12mo. 6d.

Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam White.
1853, 12mo. Is.

PLANTS.

List of British Diatomacea? in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Rev. W. Smith. 1859, 12mo. Is.

O SELECTED LIST OP THE NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS.

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia. By R. Lydekker. Parts I.-V.

Woodcuts. 1885-87, 8vo. 4s. to 6s. a volume.
Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of

South Africa. By Sir R. Owen. 70 Plates. 1876, 4to. £3 3s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Beptilia and Amphibia. By R. Lydekker.

Parts I.-IV. Woodcuts. 1888-90, 8vo. 7s. 6d. a volume.

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes. Part I. By A. Smith Woodward.
13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. 1889, 8vo. 21s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda. Part I. By A. H. Foord.

Woodcuts. 1888, 8vo. 10s. M.
A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms

and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Dr. H.

Woodward. 1877, Svo. 5s.
Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department. With

an account of the morphology and systematic position of the

group, and a revision of the genera and species. By R.

Etheridge, jun., and P. H. Carpenter. 20 Plates, &c. 1886,

4to. 25s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department.

With descriptions of new and little-known species. By Dr. G.

J. Hinde. 38 Plates. 1883, 4to. £1 10s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera. By T. Rupert Jones.

1882, 8vo. 5s.
Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of Geology

and Palaeontology. By R. Kidston. 1886, 8vo. 5s.

The above Publications cau be purchased of Messrs. Longmans &
Co., 39 Paternoster Bow ; Mr. Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly ; Messrs.
Asher & Co., 13 Bedford Street, Covent Garden ; Messrs. Kegan
Paul, Trench, Trubner, & Co., 57 Ludgate Hill ; and at the
Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, S.W. A
more detailed list can be obtained on application to the Director
of the Museum.

GUIDE-BOOKS.

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History). With
2 Plans and 2 Views. 8vo. 3d.

Zoological Department.

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Ostcological,
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology. 57 Woodcuts and
2 Plans. Index. 8vo. 4d.

Guide to the Gould Collection of Humming- Birds. With Map
showing the distribution of Humming Birds. 8vo. 2d

Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia in the Department of Zoology.
22 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 8vo. 2d.

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department
of Zoology. 101 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 8vo. Qd.

Guide to the Shell and Star-fish Galleries in the Department of
Zoology (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Vermes). 51 Woodcuts and
1 Plan. 8vo. M.

[Guides to other sections are in preparation.]

Geological Department.

A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology
and Palaeontology : —

Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. 110 Woodcuts, table
of Stratified Rocks, plan of Geological Galleries, and
Index. 8vo. Qd.
Part II. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates. 94
Woodcuts, table of Stratified Rocks, plan of Geological
Galleries, and Index. 8vo. (id.

Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology. 81 Woodcuts. Svo. 4d.

O GUIDE-BOOKS.

MlNERALOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery. Svo. Id,

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the

Mineral Gallery. Diagrams. Plan of the Mineral Gallery.

Index. 8vo. Gd.

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals. 8vo. 2d.

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. Plan of the Mineral
Gallery, aud Index to the Meteorites represented in the Col-
lection. Svo. 3d.

The Guide-Boohs can only be obtained at the Museum.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.