e rj> /^*..

B

CATALOGUE

BIRDS

f

BRITISH MUSEUM.

^rr^

VOLUME XIX.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1891.

CATALOGUE

P I C A R I ^

COLLECTION

BRITISH MUSEUM, /w.

SCANSORES AND COCCYGES,

COJJTAINING THE FAMILIES

EHAMPHASTID^, GALBULID^, and BUCCONID^,

BY

P. L. SCLATER, > X-^ .

AND THE FAMILIES

INDICATORID^, CAPITONIDiE, CUCULID^,
AND MUSOPBAGID^,

BY

G. E. SHELLEY, y; ^c^,

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

SOLD BY

LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATEKN08TER ROW;

B. QUAKITCH, 15 PICCADILLY: ASHER & Co., 13 BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN ;

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & Co., 57 LUDGATE HILL;

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, 8.W.

1891.

VRINTED BY TATLOK AND FRANCIS,
KEU I.IOK H.VKT, FLEET STREET.

PREFACE.

The present volume contains an account of the remaining families
of the suborder Scansore.f, and of those of the suborder Coccyges.
The arrangement of three of these families, which are entirely
composed of Xeotropical forms, was undertaken by itr. P. L.
Sclater, that of the remainder by Captain (i. E. Shelley.

The numbers of species of the several families, and of the
specimens at present in the Collection of ihe Briti^h Museum, are as
follows : —

Species. Types. Specimens.

ludicatoridse 12 3 80

Capitonidse 112 IS 2183

Ehamphastidfe [9 5 673

Galbulidfe 21 6 243

Bucconidse 43 10 419

CuculidiB . •. 176 28 5423

MusophagidiB 25 3 204

448 73 9231

Of the 448 species recorded, 32 are not represented in the
Museum ; but besides the 73 types of species admitted as valid, the
Collection contains 50 other typical specimens the names of which
are now relegated to the synonymic lists.

Of donations not already mentioned on former occasions, I have
to refer to the two following, which were specially useful in supple-
menting the series of specimens catalogued in the present volume : —

the entire collection of Cuckoos formed by Mr. H. Seebohm, and
consisting of 539 specimens ; and a valuable series of South- African
birds collected by T. and W. Ay res in Natal and the Transvaal for
the late Mr. J. H. Gurney, and presented by his son.

ALBERT GUNTHER,
Keeper of the Department of Zoology.

British Museum (N. H.),
Maroh 28, 1891.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Order PIGARI.E

{contin.^.

Suborder SCANSORES

(contin.).
Fam. Indicatokid^.

Page

Indicator, Vieill. 2

1. xanthonotus, Blyth . . 3

2. archipelagicus, Temm. 4

3. indicator (G?/j.) . . o, 4o7

4. major, Steph 6, 457

5. Tariegatus, Less 7

a. stictithorax, Reichen. 8

6. niaculatus. Gray .... 9

7. minor, Steph 9

8. conirostris ( Cass.) .... 10

9. exilih {Cass.) 11

Prodotiscus, Snndev 1]

1. regulus, Simdev 11

2. insignis {Cass.) 12

Fam. Capitonidje.

1. Pogonorhynchus, Van der

Hoeveii lo

1. dubius {Gm.) 15

2. Ervthrobucco, 67ie//ey. . . . 16

l."rolleti(Z>e//.) 17

3. Melanobucco, Shelley .... 17

1. bidentatus {Shaw). ... 18

2. fequatorialis, Shelley . . 19

3. melanopterus (Peters) . 19

4. levaillanti ( Tieill.) 20

5. leucocephalus (IJeJil.) . 21

6. albicauda {Shelley) . . 21

7. senex {Reichen.) 22

8. leiicogaster (Bocaye) . 22

9. abyssinicus {Lath. ) . . 22

10. torquatu.s (Diimont) 24,457

11. iiToratus (Cnh.) 25

12. vieilloti {Leach) 26

13. iindatus (Ri/pp.) .... 27

Page

4. Tricholjema, J. S,- E. Verr. 28

1. hirsutum (Sicain.s.) . . 28

2. stigmatothorax, Cab. . . 29

3. melanocephalum ( Cr.) 30

4. lachrymosum, Cab. . . 31

5. affine' {Shelley) 31

6. leucomelan {Bodd.) . . 31

7. diadematuui {Heugl.) . 33

8. frontatum {Cab.) .... 34

9. masaicum {Reichen. ). . 34

5. Gymnobucco, Bp. ...... ^

1. calvus (Z«/;'.) ...... ;J4

6. Ileliobucco, Shelley 36

1. bonapartii (Hartl.) . . 36

7. Smilorhis, Sundev 36

1. leucotis (Sundev.) .... 37

2. kilimeiisis, Shelley .... 37

8. Barbatula, Less. . . .' 38

1. duchaillui, Cass 38

2. pusillla (Diwiont) 30

3. niinuta, Bj) 40

4. atKnis, Reichen 41

5. uropygialis, Heugl. . . 41

6. chrysocoma (rewf^H.) . 42

7. extoni, Layard . . 43, 457

8. erythronota ( Cuv.) . . 43

9. bilineata (Sundev.) 44, 457

10. chrysopyga, Shelley . . 45

11. leucolaema, /. ^-i:.

Verr 45, 457

12. subsulphurea (Fraser) . 46

13. scolopacea {Te7nm.) . . 47

14. fischeri, Reichen 46

9. Stactol.tma, Marshall . . 48

1. anchietoe {Bocaye). ... 48

2. olivaceum (Shelley) . . 49

3. simplex (F. i!^- R.) . . . . 49

10. Calorhamphus, Less 49

1. hayi (Gray) ,5()

2. fuliginijsu.s (Tevim.) . . 51

11. Megala'iiia, Gray .32

1. virens (Bodd. ) ,52

2. marshallorum, Suinh. . 53

SilSTKMATIC IXDEX.

Page

12. Chotorhea, Bp 55

1. corvina (2(?mw.) .... 56

2. javensis {Horsf.) .... 5(3
'6. chrysopogon {Temm.) . 57

a. cbrvsopsis ( Gqffiit) . . 59
4. versicolor {R<iffl-) 59

13. Oyaiiops, Bp 61

1 . asiatica (Lath.) 62

'2. davi.S(>ni (lluiue) .... 65

V,. tiavifrons (Vuv.) 65

4. arniillaris ( rewj^i.) .. 66

5. henrici {Temm.) 07

6. incognita {Hume) .... 68

7. piilcherrima {Shurjie) . 69

8. frankliui {Bb/th ) 69

9. ramsavi ( Wuld.) .... 70

10. Gorti [S. Mii/l.) 71

11. niystacoplianes( TtwiW!.) 72

12. monticola, Sharpe .... 74

13. nuclialis (GowZt?) .... 74

14. faber {Swinh.) 75

15. lagrandicri ( Verr.) .... 75

16. pbseostriata (i?^).) 76,458

17. zeyloiiica ( Gm.) .... 76

18. caniceps [Frankl.) .... 78

19. liueata {Vieill.) 80

20. viridis (Z^ofW.) 83

14. Mcsobucco, iSJiellei/ 85

1. duvauceli (Less.) .... 85

2. cyanotis ( Bli/t/i) 87

15. Xantholffima, Bji 88

1 . btematocephala (P. L.

K Mull.) 89

2. rubricapilla ( Gm.). ... 93

3. australis (Ilorsf.) .... 94

4. inalabarica (Blyth) . . 95

0. rosea (Dunamf) 9(i

6. intermedia, Shelley . ... 97

16. Psilopogon, S. MilU.' 98

1. pyroiophus, <S'. Miill.. . 98

17. Tracbypboniis, lianzaiii . . 99

1. cafer(r7«ZZ.) .... 100,458

2. suabelicus, JRcichen. . . 102

3. versicolor, Marti 10:^

4. ervtbroce])lialus, Cab. . 102

5. sbelleyi, Hartl 103

(■). margaritatus {Iiii]>p.) . 103

7. boebmi, Fi-icher i,-

lieiehen 104

la. eiuini, Lieiehen : 458

8. arnaiidi (Z)es j1f?»-s) .. 105

9. puipuratus, Verr 106

10. goftini {Schkff.) 106

18. Capita, Vieill 107

1. aurovirens {Cuv.) .... 108

2. macnlicoronatiis, Zff«7-. 109

Page

3. squamatus, Salvin . . 110

4. quinticolor, Elliot .... HI

5. niger (P. L. S. Miill.). Ill

6. puuctatus, ie.ss 112

7. auratus {JDumont) .... 113

8. ricbardsoni, Gray .... 114

9. granadensis, Shelley . . 115
10. aurantiico'.lis (-SW.) . . 115
] 1. steerii, Scl. S,- Salv 116

12. versicolor, Miill 116

13. glaueogiilaris. Tschudi. 117

14. bourcieri (Lnfr.) 118

15. salvini, <S7/e//e(/ 119

19. Tetragonops, Jard 120

1. rbamphastiuus, Jard. . 120

2. frantzii, Scl 121

Fam. R H A M p H A s T I D -?:.

. Rbampbastos, Linn 124

1. toco, Miill 124

2. carinatus, Sw 125, 458

3. brevicarinatus, Gould . 126

4. tocard, Vieill. 127

6. ambigxuis, Sw 128

6. ervtlirorhvnclius^6-'?«f/. 128

7. inca, Gould 129

8. cuvieri, Wayl 130

9. culminatus, Gould .... 130

10. citreokennis, Gould . . 131

1 1 . osculan.*, Gould 131

12. ariel. Viy 131

13. viteliiniis, Lichf 132

14. dicoloriis, Linjj 133

. Andigeua, Gould 133

1. bypoglaucus, Gould . . l-"i4

2. cucullatus, Gould .... l.">4

3. laminiro.stri,*, Gould . . 135

4. nigriro.'^tris, TVatcrh... 135

5. spilorbvucbus, Gould . 13(3

6. baillciui, Vieill 130

. Pternglo.«su.s /'''' 137

1. aracari, Li/iii 138

2. wiedi, Sturm 139

3. formo.sus. Cab 139

4. pUiricinetus, Gould . . 139

5. castanotis, Gould .... 140

6. torquatus, Gm. . . 141,458

7. frantzii. Cab 142

8. erythropygius, Gotild . . 14.3

9. sanguineus, Gould. ... 143

10. bitorquatus, Viy 144

11. sturmi, Is'att 144

12. flavirostris, Fraser. ... 144

13. azarae, VieiJl 145

SYSTEM ATIO INDEX.

U. luimboldti, Wagl 14G

15. inscriptus, Swains 146

16. viridis, Linn 147

17. didymus, Scl 147

18. beauharnaisi, IFagl. . . 148

4. Selenidera, Goidd 148

1. maculirostris, Licht. . . 149

2. gouldi, Natt 150

3. lanfrsdorffi, mtfjl 150

4. reinwardtii, War/l. .... 151

5. nattereri, Oould 151

6. pipevivora, Linn 152

7. spectabilis, Cass 153

5. Aulacorhamphus, Gray . . 153

1. sulcatus, Stu 154

2. erythrognathus, Gould. 154

3. calorhynclius, Gould . . 155

4. derbianus, Gould .... 155

5. whitelyanus, -S". ^- G. 156

6. prasiuus, Licht. . . 156, 458

7. wagleri, Sturm 157

8. albivittatus,5o!S.5 157

9. hnematopygius, Gould . 158

10. cseruleicinctiis, d'Orb. . 159

11. cseruleigularis, Gould . 159

12. cyariolffimus, Gould . . 160

13. atrogularls, Sturin. . . . 160

14. dimidiatus, Riclgtv. . . 160

Fam. Galbulid^.
Subfam. G.axbulin^.

1. Urogalba, Bp 162

1. paradisea, Linn 162

2. amazonum, Scl. 163

2. Galbula, Briss 163

1. viridis, Lath 164

2. rufo-viridis, Cab 165

3. ruficauda, Cuv 166

4. melanogenia, Scl 166

5. tombacea, Spix 167

6. pastazae, Tacz. et Berl. . 168

7. albirostris, Lath 168

8. cyaneicoUis, Ca&s 169

9. leiicogaster, Vieill 170

10. chalcotborax, Scl 171

3. Biachygalba, 5;j 171

1. higubiis, Sio 171

2. fulviveutris, Scl 172

3. goeringi, Scl. 8( Salv.. . 172

4. salmoni, Scl. ^- Salv. . . 173

6. albigularls. Spiv 173

6. melanosterna, Scl 174

vor.. XIX.

Page

4. Jacamaralcyon, Less 174

1. tridactyla, Vieill 174

6. Galbalcyrhynchus, Des

Micrs 175

1. leucotis, Des Murs . . 175

Subfam. Jacameropixje.

6. Jacamerops, Less 176

1. grandis, Gm 176

Fam. BuccoNiDiE.

1. Bucco, Briss 179

1. collaris, Lath 180

2. macrorbyncbus, Gm. . . 181

3. dysoiii, Scl 182

4. byperrbynehus, Scl. . . 183
6. swainsoni. Gray 183

6. pectoralia, Gr. |- Mitch. 184

7. ordi, Cass 184

8. tectiis, Bodd 185

9. picatus, Scl 186

10. subtectus, Scl 186

11. macrodactylus. Spiv . . 186

12. ruficollis, 'Wayl 187

13. bicinctus, Goidd 188

14. tamatia, Gm 188

15. pulmentum, Bp 189

16. maculatus, Gm 190

17. striatipectus, Scl 190

18. cbacuru, Vieill 191

19. striolatus, Pelz 192

20. radiatus, Scl 192

2. Malacoptila, Gray 193

1. fusca, Gm 193

2. rufa, Spix 194

3. torquata, Hahn u.

Kiist 195

4. panamensis, Lafr 196

6. inornata, Du Bus 197

6. fulvigidaris, Scl. 198

7. substriata, Scl. 198

3. Micromouacba, Scl 199

1. lanceolata, Deville .... 199

4. Nonuula, Scl'. 199

1. rubecula, Spix 200

2. cineracea, Scl 200

3. ruficapilla, Tsch 200

4. frontalis, Scl 201

5. brunnea, Scl 201

5. Hapaloptila, Scl 202

1 . castauea, / 'err 202

b

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

6. Monacha, Vieill 202

1. nigra, Miill 203

2. flavirostris, Strickl. . . 204
8. morpheus,iZa/i« ii.Kiist. 204

4. peruana, Scl 20o

5. gi-andior. Scl 8) Salv. . 205

6. pallescens, Cass 206

7. nigrrifrons, .S/w'.r 206

7. Chelidoptera, Gould 207

1. tenebrosa, Pallas 207

2. brasiliensis, Scl. 208

guborder COCCYGES.
Fam. CrcrLiD^.
Subfam. Cuctt-in-e.

1. CoccTstes, Gloger 211

1. glandarius (Z.) .. 212,458

2. coroniandus (i.) .... 214

3. jacobiniis (Bodd:) 217, 438
a. hvpopinarius, Cab. S^-

Heine 220, 458

j3. car_-!i, 2'orman .... 221

4. cater {Lkht.) 221,459

5. serratus (Sparrm.) 223, 459

6. albonotatus, Shellet/ . . 224

2. Pachycoccy.x, Cab 224

1. audeberti, Schl 224

2. validus (Seichen.) 225

3. Calliechthrus, Cab. ^

Heine 225

1. leucolopbus (S. Miill.). 225

4. Sumiculu.i, Less 226

1. lugubris (Horsf.) .... 227

2. muscbenbroeki, Meyer. 230

3. velutinus, Sharpe .... 230

5. HierococcYX, S. Miill. . . . 231

1. sparveroides (Viff.) . . 232

2. bocki. JF. Ramsay 234

3. varius ( Vahl) 234

4. fugax (Horsf.) 236

6. nanus, Hume 238

6. crassirostris, Wald. . . . 239

6. Cuculus, Linn 240

1. micropterus, Gould . . 241

2. gularis, Steph 244

3. canoriis, L 245, 459

4. intermedins, Vahl 252, 459

5. poliocephalus, Lath. . . 255

6. solitarius, Steph 258

7. gabonensis, Lafr 259

8. clamosus. Lath 260

9. pallidus, Lath 261

Page
10. sonnerati. Lath 262

7. Cercococcyx, Cab 265

1. mecbowi. Cab 265

8. Cacomantis, S. Miill 265

1. flabelliformi.*(icrfA.).. 266

2. meruHnus ( Scop.) .... 268

3. raiiolosus (Horsf.) . . 272

4. insperatus ( Gordd) .... 273
o.\iTescena(Briigg.).... 274

6. castanei\ entris, Gould . 274

7. bronzinus [Gray) .... 275

8. simus {Peale) 276

9. infuscatus (Hartl.) . . 276
10. passerinus ( Vahl) .... 277

9. Mesocalius, Cab 279

1. palliolatus (Lath.) .... 279

10. Chrv'sococcyx, £oie .... 280

1. smaragdineus {Stcains.). 280

2. tlavigularis, Shelley . . 282

3. kl&asi (Steph.) 283

4. cupreus (^orfrf.). . 285,459

11. ChalcococcYX, Cab 288

1. xanthorhvnchus(J?o/v«/".)289

2. maculatus (Gm.) 291

3. meveri (Salvad.) .... 293

4. basalis (Horsf.) 294

5. lucidus {Gm.) 295

6. poiiurus (Salvad.) .... 296

7. plagosus (Lath.) .... 297

8. malayanus (Hojt.) .... 298

9. poeciiurus (Gray) .... 299

10. ruticollis (Salvad.) 300

11. pceciluroides (Salvad.) . 301

12. misoiensis (Salvad.) . . 301

13. crassirostris (Salvad.) . 301

12. Coccyzus, Vieill 302

1. lansbergi, Bp 303

2. ferrusrineus, Goidd .... 303
.3. minor (G;n.) 304

a. niaynardi, Bidgw. . . 306
/3. dominicae, Shelley . . 306

4. melanocoryphus, V. . . 307

5. americanus (L.) . . 308, 459
a. occidentalis, Ridyic. 311

6. erythroplithalmus,

, {WUs.).. 311,460

7. cinereus, Vieill 312

8. pumilus, Strickl 313

13. Urodynamis, Salvad 313

1. taitiensis (Sparrm.) . . 314

14. Eudvnamis, Vig. Sf Horsf. 315

1. bonorata (L.) 316, 460

2. mindanenais (L.) .... 321

3. orientalis (i.) 322

4. cyanocephala (Lath.). . 324
6. rnfiTenter (I^ss.) .... 325

STSTEMATIC INDEX.

6. melanorhyiicha, S.

MM. '. 3i>7

16. Microdjnamis, Salvad. . . 328
1. parva (Salvad.) 328

16. Rhamphomantis, Salvad. . 329

]. niegarliynfluis (Gray). 329

17. Scytlirops,"Zr;^/; 3:^9

1. novfe-liollaDdire, Z«</^. 3^0

Subfam. Centropodin^.

18. Centropus, ///. 331

1 . ateraibus, Less 334

2. inilo, Gould 335

3. goliath, Bp 33.5

4. menebiki, Less 336

5. aruensis (Salvad.) .... 337

6. violaceus (Q.SfG.) 337

7. ehalybeus {Salvad.) . . 337

8. bernsteini, Schl. 338

9. spilopteriis, Gray .... 338

10. inindorensis (Steere) . . 339

11. nigricans (Salvad.) 339

12. phasianus (Lath.) 340

13. cblororhynchus, Blyth. 342

14. rectungiiis, Strickl. . . 343

15. sinensis (Steph.) 343

16. purpureus, Shelley .... 348

17. viridis (Scop.) .... 349

18. toulou (P. L. S. Mull.) 350

19. bengalensis (Gm.) 352

20. javanicus (Dumotit) . . 354

21. nigrorufus (Cm;;.) 357

22. epomidis, Bp 357

23. leucogaster (Leach) . . 358

24. anselli, Sharpe 3.59

25. fiscberi, lieichen 359

26. monacbus, Biipp 359

27. senegalensis (L.) .... 360

28. natalensis, Shelley 362, 460

29. superciliosus, H. 8f JE. 363

30. melanops, Less 365

31. celebensis, Q. ^- G .365

32. andamauensis, Beavan . 366

33. unirufus ( Cab. ^ Heine) 367

Subfam. Phcenicophain^.

19. Saurotbera, Vieill 369

1. dominincensis, Za/r. . . 369

2. vetula (Z. ) 370

3. merlini, UOrh 370

4. bahamen-.is, Bryant . . 371

5. vieilJoti, Bp 371

20. IlyetornisjiS'c/ 372

1. pluvialis {Gm.) 372

21. Piaya, Less 373

1. cayana (Z.) 373, 460

2. melanogastra {V.) .... 377

3. minuta( V.) 378

22. Zanclostomus, Swains. . . 380

1. javanicus (Horsf.) 380

23. Taccocua, Less 381

1. sirkee (Gray) 381

24. Pthopodytes, Cab. ^- Hein. 384

1. viridirostris {Jerd.) . . 385

2. tristis {Less.) 386

3. elongatus (S. Mull.) . . 389

4. borneensis (Bp.) 389

6. diardi (Less.) 390

6. sumatranus {Baffl}) . . 391

25. Rbinortha, Jly 392

1. cblorophasa, CRaffl.) . . 393

26. Phoenicopbaes, Tieill 395

1. pyrrboceplialus (Forst.) 395

27. Rbampbococcyx, Cab. Sf

Seine '. 396

1. calorbynchus (Temm.) 396

28. Rbinococcyx, Sharpe .... 397

1. curvirostris (Shaw) . . 397

29. Urococcyx, Shelley 398

1. erytbrognatbus

{Hartl.) 398

2. seneicaudus ( Verr.) . . 400

30. Dryococcyx, Sharpe .... 400
1. barringtoui, >S7;w7je .. 400

31. Ceutbmocbares, Cab. ^

Heine 401

1. flavirostris (Swai^is.) . . 401

2. aereus ( Vieill.) 402

3. australis, Sharpe 403

32. Dasylopbus, Sirains 403

1. superciliosus ( Cuv.) . . 404

33. Lepidogrammus, Reichenb. 404

1. cumingi (Frasei-) .... 404

34. Coua, Cuv 405

1. csei-ulea (Z.) 406

2. reynaudii, Puch 407

3. serriana, Puch 408

4. cristata (Z.) 409

5. pyropyga, Grand 410

6. verreauxi, Grand 410

7. ruficeps, Gray 411

8. olivaceiceps (Sharpe) . 411

9. cursor, Grand 412

10. coquerelli, Grand. .... 412

11. gigas (Bodd.) 412

12. delalandii (Temm.) . . 413

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Subfam. Neomobphin.e.

Page

35. Carpococcyx, Gray 414

1. radiatus {Temm) 415

36. Neomorphus, Gloger .... 415

1. geoffroyi {Temm.) .... 416

2. salvini, Scl 417

8. pucherani [Bemlle) . . 417

4. TLifipennis {Gray) .... 418

5. radiolosus, Salv 418

87. Geococcyx, Wagl 419

1. mexicanus (tr?;i.) .... 419

2. affinis, Hartl 421

38. Morococcyx, Scl 422

1. erythropygus {Less.) . . 422

Subfam. Diplopterin.«.

39. Diplopterus, Boie 423

1. naevius (i.) 423

40, Dromococcyx, Wied .... 425

1. phasianellus {Sinx) . . 425

2. pavoninus {Pelz.) .... 426

Subfam. Crotophagin.'e.

4 ] . Crotophaga, Linn 427

1. major, Gm 428

2. ani, L 429

3. sulcirostris, Siv 432

42. Guira, Less 433

] . guiva {Gm.) 434

Fam. MusoPHAGiD.^.

Paee

1. Turacus, Cuv 436

1. leucotis {Rupp.) 436

2. persa(i.) 437

3. buflfoni {V.) 438

4. schalowi, Reichen 439

5. livingstoni, Gray .... 439

6. reicbenowi (Fischer) . . 440

7. corythaix ( Wagl.) 440

8. schuetti (Cab.) 441

9. mici'orhyncbus

(Fraser) 441

10. meriani (Riipp.) 442

11. fischeri (Reichen.) 443

12. erythrolophua ( V.) . . 444

13. leucolophus, Hengl. . . 444

14. hartlaubi (Fischer 8f

Reichen.) 445

2. Gallirex, Less 446

1. porphyreolopbus (Vig.) 446

2. cblorochlamys, Shelley 447

3. Musophaga, Isert 447

1 . Tiolacea, Isert 448

2. rossse, Gould 448

4. Corythaeola, Heine 449

1. cristata (F.) 449

5. Sehizorbis, Wagl 450

1. africana (Lath.) 450

2. zonura, Riipp 451

3. leucogaster, Riipp 453

4. concolor (Srnith) .... 455

6. Gymnoschizorhis, Schaloio 455

1. personata (Riipp.) .... 455

2. leopoldi, Shelley 426

CATALOGUE

BIRDS.

Order PICARI^E.

(See vol. xvi. p. 1.)

Suborder SCANSORES.

(See vol. xviii. p. 1.)

Family INDICATORID^E.

(By G. E. SHELLEY.)

Bill stout and Finch-like in the typical genus Indicator, the
maxilla swollen laterally, with the culminal ridge well marked, the
culm en and the geuys meeting at the tip with a precisely similar
curve : nostrils oval, exposed, with a narrow superior membrane.
In Prodotiscus the bill is much more slender and pointed.

Palate aegithognathous.

Vomer single, bifurcate. Manubrial process of the sternum
pointed.

Femoro-caudal and accessory semitendinosus muscles present ;
ambieus and accessory femoro-caudal absent.

Tail-feathers twelve (in Prodotiscus ten).

Pterylosis : ventral feather-tract forked on throat, but not on
each side of breast.

Oil-gland tufted.

Caeca none.

Ranging over the whole of the Ethiopian Region, re-occurring
in the Himalayas, the mountains of the Malayan Peninsula and of
Borneo.

(Of. Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 930-935 ; Sharpe in Powlet/s Orn.
Misc. voL i. pp. 192-209 )

VOL. XIX. B

INDICATOEID^.

Keii to the Genera.

a. Tail composed of twelve feathers ; bill deeper

than broad, and stout 1- Indicator, p. 2.

h. Tail composed of ten feathers ; bill broader

than deep, and slender :2. Peodotiscus, p. 11.

1. INDICATOR. ^

iype.

Indicator, Vieill. Analyse, p. 28 (1816) I. mdicator.

Prodotes, Nitzsch, Pterijlographie, p. 131 (1840) I. indicator.

Melig-uothes,(7««s'. Proc. Ac. N.Sc. Fhilad. 1856, p. 156 I. conirostris.

Melig-nostes, Heine, J. ^. 0. 1860, p. 102 I. conirostris.

Pseudofringilla, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 314 (1873) I. acanthonotus.

Pseudospiza {nom. emend.), Sharpe in Rowlet/s Orn.

Misc. 1. p. 207 (1876) I. acanthonotus.

Banrjc. The whole of the Ethiopian Region, re-occurring in the
Himalayas, the Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo.

Key to the Species.

a. Tail darker, none of the feathers having the

basal half white.
a. With a large patch of bright orange-yellow

on the lower back and upper tail-coverts . . .vanthonotus, p. 3.
b'. Lower back and upper tail-coverts uniform

with the mantle archipelayicm,^. 4.

b. Tail paler, the basal half of the three outer

pairs of feathers white.
c. With some white on the lower back and
upper tail-coverts.
a". Lower back and upper tail-coverts
streaked with white ; with no trace of

j-ellow on the forehead or throat indicator, p. o.

h" . Lower back and upper tail-coverts with
a large blotch of white ; with some yel-
low on the forehead and throat major, p. 6.

d' . With no white on the lower back and upper
tail-coverts, which are similar in colouring
to the mantle,
c". Throat spotted with white.
«'". Breast buff, without spots.

a'. Abdomen creamy white; under

wing-coverts white varieyatus, p. 7.

&*. Abdomen and under wing-coverts

shaded with bright yellow stictithorax, p. 8.

h'" . Uuderparts darker, dusky ash-colour;

abdomen spotted Hke the throat .... maculatns, p. 9.
d" . Throat more uniform, not spotted with
white,
c'". Larger, wing about 3'5 inches.

c*. Above duller; crown not washed
with yellow ; thigh-coverts with
obscure dusky stripes minor, p. 9.

1. INDICATOR.

(IK Above Lrigliter ; crown washed witli
goldeu yellow like the back ; thigh -

coverts striped with black conirostris, p. 10.

d'". Smaller, wing about 2-5 inches exilis,^. 11.

1. Indicator xanthonotus.

Indicator xauthonotus, Blyth, J. A. S. Benq. xi. p. 928 (1842), xii.
p. 942, fig. C (1843), xiv. p. 193 (1845) ;* Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 451
(1847); Jerd. Bl. Ind. B. pi. 50 (1847) ; Bj). Consp. Av. i. p. 100
(1850) ; Cab. S)- Heine, Mm. Rein. iv. p. 5, note (1862) ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 205, no. 8861 (1870) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 10 ;
Stoliczka, Str. F. i. p. 529 (1873) ; Sharpe in Roioley's Orn. Misc.
i. p. 205 (1876) ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 795 ; Gould, B. Asia, vi.
pi. 48 (1883).

Indicator radcliffii, Hume, Ibis, 1872, p. 10.

Pseudofringilla xanthonotus. Same, Str. F. i. p. 314 (1873).

Pseudospiza xanthonota, Sharpe hi Roioley^s Orn. Misc. i. p. 207
(1876).

Adult male. General plumage above black ; forehead and fore
part of crown bright golden yellow ; remainder of the crown, sides
of the head, and sides and back of the neck washed with olive ;
feathers of the mantle and the wing-coverts partiallj' edged with
pale yellow, the quills with similar, but more indistinct margins ;
the inner webs of the innermost secondaries with broad white
edges ; middle of the back sulphur-yellow, shading into orange-
yellow down the centre of the lower back, a few of the centre tail-
coverts with partial yellow edges ; tail black, with the small outer
feather dusky white ; underparts ashy grey, with a bright yellow
patch extending over the lores and sides of the upper throat ; re-
mainder of the throat faintly washed with yellow ; feathers of the
breast mesially blackish, giving a mottled appearance to these parts,
the black almost covering the feathers of the flanks, abdomen, and
under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts white, slightly mottled with
black, and washed with buff at the edge of the wing ; under surface
of the quills brown, with a partial pale margin on the inner webs.
Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0'35, wing 3" 7, tail 2' 7, tarsus
0-55.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male, but sLghtly
duller. Total length o'o inches, culmen U'35, wing o"2 tail '2-'2,
tarsus 0*5.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a-d. cJ; e,f. J Native SikMm, Oct., Dec, Feb., March, Hume Coll.

ad. sk. April (Z. MandeUi).

y. Ad. sk. Sikhim. Hume ColL

h. Ad. sk. Kala Bagh, June. Hume Coll.

INDIOAiORlU^.

2. Indicator arcMpelagicus.

ludicator archipelagic us, Temm. PL Col. 543. fig. 2 (1832) ; id. Tabl.
Meth. p. 51 (1S38) ; S. MillL Verhandel. Land- en Volkenk. p. 234
(1839-44); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 451 (1847) ; Loiv, Sarawak,^. 411
(1848) ; £p. Consp. i. p. 100 (1850) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv.
p. 4, note (1862) ; Schlerj. Mus. P.-B. i. Cuculi, p. 2 (1864) ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 205, no. 8860 (1870) ; Elioes, P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 680 ; Salmd. A?in. Mus. Civ. Gen. v. p. 61 (1874) ; Sharpe in
Rotcleys Orn. Misc. i. p. 197 (1876) ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 8 ; id. P.
Z. S. 1878, pp. 794, 795 ; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 244,1890, p. 9; IJverett,
Journ. Straits Branch K. Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 169.

Indicator malayanus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 794, 795.

Adidt male. General colour above ashy brown washed with olive,
with yellowish edges to all the feathers of the back and wings,
these edges inclining to yellowish buff on some of the feathers of
the rump and upper tail-coverts, to which they give a streaked
appearance ; a broad yellow band on the shoulder formed by
the inner lesser wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; tail-feathers dark
brown, partially edged with olive, the three outer pairs of feathers
with a large white patch reaching entirely across the inner web,
the three centre pairs with only partial pale inner margins ;
sides of the face and ear-coverts dingy ash- colour, with a very
faint olive tinge ; under surface of the body white, inclining to
buff on the centre of the breast, abdomen, aud under tail-coverts,
and rather strongly shaded with olive-shaded ash-colour on the
lower throat aud chest ; feathers of the flanks and thigh-coverts
with broad brown shaft-stripes ; under wing-coverts creamy white ;
quills brown, with whitish inner margins. Total length 6-3 inches,
culmen 0"55, wing 3'8, tail 2-8, tarsus O'oo.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male : " upper mandible
and tip of lower mandible horny brown ; iris Indian red ; legs
leaden green " {A. Everett). Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-5,
wing 3'6, tail 2*6, tarsus 0'5.

Immature (type of 1. malayanus). Similar to the adult, but differs
in having the upper parts shghtly more washed with yeUow, with a
mere trace of the yellow shoulder-spot : tail identical in colour ;
throat faintly striped ; lower throat and chest less ashy and slightly
washed with yellow. Total length 5'7 inches, cidmen 0-55, wing
3*9, tail 2-45, tarsus U-o5.

Hah. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.

a. 5 ad. sk. Klang, Salangore, March Hume Coll.

(W. Davison).

b. Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased. (Type of I.

malayaniis.)

c. 5 ad. sk. Biutulu, Sarawak. A. H. Everett, Esq. [C.l.

d. e,f. Ad.sk. Tvusan, Sarawak, Jan., Feb. A. H. Everett, Esq. [C.].

1. INDICATOR.

3. Indicator indicator.

Ciiculns iiidicator, Gm. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 418 (1788); Walden, Ibis,
1869, p. 337.

Indicator spaiTmanni, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 138 (1815) ; Gray, Gen.
B. ii. p. 451 (1847) ; Bp. Coiisp. Av. i. p. 100 (1850) ; Cad. i,- Heme,
iMus. Hein. iv. p. 6 (1862) ; 8chl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Cuculi, p. 2
(1864) ; Blanf. Geol. ^ Zool. Abyss, p. 30t ; Flnsch, Trans. Z. S.
vii. p. 286 (1870) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 204, no. 8853 ; Heugl.
Orn. N.O.-Afr.\\. pp. 767, clx (1871) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 14
(1871) ; Aniin. 8f Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gm. iv. p. 46 (1873) :
Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 368; Sharpe in Moivley's Orn. Misc. i.
p. 201 (1876) ; Bocage, Orn. Anrjola, p. 135 (1877) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 795 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. '296 ; Fisch. ^- Reichen. J. f. 0.

1879, p. .341 ; Sharpe, e<l. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 166, 810 (1875-
84); id. in Gates Matabele-Land, p. 305 (1881) ; Hartl. Abhandl.
nat. Ver. Brem. riii. p. 209 (1882) ; Bohm, J.f. O. 1883, p. 165;
Schaloiv, t. c. p. 346 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ( 2) i. p. 90
(1884) ; Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 365 ; Bohm, J. f. O.
1885, p. 57; Fischer, t. c. p. 124; Reichen. J.f. 0. 1887, pp. 59,
309.

Indicator albirosti'i.'?, Temm. PI. Col. 367 (1825) ; Less. Man. Orn.

p. 125 (1828) ; id. Traite, p. 155 (1831) ; Temm. Tabl.Meth. p. 51

(1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 451 (1847) ; Des Murs in Lefebvre,

Toy. Abyss, p. 1-39 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 100 (1850) ; Hartl.

J. f. O. 1854, p. 201 ; Heiu/l. Si/st. Uebers. p. 47 (1856) ; Hartl.

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 184 (1857) ; Heui/l. J. f. O. 1863, p. 272, 1864,

p. 265 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 242 (1867) ; Bocage, Jorn. Lisb.

1873, p. 197.
Indicator levaillanti, Temm. PI. Col. 367, text to I. minor (1825) ;

Leadlxater, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 90 (1833) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 451 (1847).
Indicator leucotis, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 193 (1837).
Indicator fiaviscapiilatu?, ^«p/). iN'ewe Wirb., Viig.Tp. GO (18.35-40).
Prodotes albirostris, Nitzsch, Pterylographie, p. 131 (1840).
Indicator archipeligicus {nee Temm.), Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 96

(1845).
Indicator albicollis, Leadbeater, fide Bp. Consp. Av. p. 100 (1850).
Indicator pallidirostris, Heuql. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 265 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii.p. 205, no. 8858 (1870)!
Indicator sp., Sandeman, Ibis, 1880, p. 286.

Adult male. Above ashj' browo, with a yellow band on the
shoulder formed by some of the innermost of the least wing-coverts;
remainder of the wing-coverts with broad whitish edges, the quills
with narrow pale edges ; some of the feathers of the rump and upper
tail-covcrts with broad white edges, but none of the feathers ever
entirely white ; centre pair of tail-feathers and the ends of the
remainder dark brown, with the greater portion white, the white
increasing in extent towards the outer ones ; chin and upper throat
black : cheeks brownish black ; ear-coverts brownish white ; lower
throat and chest brownish white, passing entirely into white on the
centre of the body, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; flanks and
thigh-coverts with narrow dark brown shaft-stripes ; under wing-
coverts and inner edges of the quills white : " bill whitish ; iris

b INDICATOEID^.

dark hazel; legs lead-colour" {T. E. BncMey). Total length 7-9
inches, cnlnien 0-6, wing 4-5, tail 3-3, tarsus 0-7.

Adnlt female. Differs iu plumage from the male in having no
black on the upper throat, the chin, entire throat, and cheeks being
■whitish like the breast. Total length 7'1 inches, culmen 0'55,
wing 4-2, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. The greater part of Tropical Africa, except the forest-
region of the West Coast.

a, b. S 2 fid. sk. Senegambia. Governor Kendall [P.].

c,d. d'ad. ; e,f. Senegambia. Seebohm Coll.

$ ad. sk.

(/. c? ad. sk. Casamance. Sharpe Coll.

'h. c? ad. ; i, A-. J Eogos Land (IJsler). Sharpe Coll.

ad. sk.

I. 5ad.sk. Maragaz, July (TF. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

m. S ad. sk. Limpopo E., Transvaal, Shelley Coll.

Nov. {T. E. Buckley).

n, o. S 2 ad. sk. Holfontein, Transvaal (F. W. E. & C. G. Gates,

Oates). Esqrs.i;?.].

p. 2 ad. sk. Newcastle, Natal, Oct. {B. Shelley Colk

A. Butkr).

q. S ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown, May. Major Trevelvan [P.].

r. 2 ad. sk. Eland's Post, May {T. C. Sharpe Coll. '

Atmore).

s. c? ad. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith.

t. S ad. sk. South Afi-ica. Shelley Coll.

4, Indicator major.

Le Grand Indicateur, male, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 135, pi. 241. fig. 1
(1806) ; Sunder. Krit. Framst. om Levaill.^. 50 (18.57).

Indicator major, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 139, pi. 27. fig. 1 (1815) ;
Vieill. Nouv. Did. xvi. p. 153 (1817) ; Vieill. Eiic. Meth. p. 1350
(1823) ; Leis. Man. Om. p. 125 (1828) ; id. Traife,^. 155 (1831) ;
Temm. Tahl. Meth. p. 51 (1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 451 (1847);
Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 100 (1850); Marti. Om. H^-^^-. pp. 183,
274 (1857) ; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 264 ; Cab. Sf Heine, Mm. Hein. iv.
p. 5, note (1862) ;' Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 33 ; Heugl. J.f. 0. 1862,
p. 33 ; Schl. Mas. Pays-Bas, i. Cuculi, p. 1 (18G4) ; Layard, B. S.
Afr. p. 241 ; id. Ibis, 1869, p. 373 ; Sha)-pe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 14
(1871) ; Hem/l. Orn.N.O.-Afr. ii. pp. 770, clx (1872) ; Gnrney in
Anderss. B. 'Damara-Land , p. 224 (1872) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 711 ; Bouvier, Cat. Ois.Marche S)C. p. 30 (1875) ; Sharpe in Eoiv-
ley's Orn.Misc. i.p.204 (1876) ; Bocaye, Om. Angola,^. 136 (1877) ;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 795 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 930 ; Ayres,
Ibis, 1879, p. 297 ; Sharjw, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 168, 810
(1875-84) ; Fisch. Zeitschr. ges. Om. 1884, p. 365 ; Bohn, J. f. O.

1885, p. 57 ; Fisch. t. c. p. 124 ; Hidois, Bidl. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg.

1886, p. 147 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 43, 1889, p. 356.
Indicator levaillantii (nee Temm.), Leadb. Trans. Linn. <S'oc. xvi. p. 85

(1829).
Indicator buphagoides, Leadb. t. c. p. 91.
Indicator flavicollis, Sicains. B. W. Afr. ii p. 198 (1837).

1. INDICATOR. 7

Prodotes proditor, Nifz.<<c/i, Pteri/lof/rap/a'e, p. 131 (1840).

Indicator proditor, Lichi. Nomencl. Av. p. 78 (1850).

Indicator iucliipela'iicus (nee Temm.), Heuql. Sust. Uebers. p. 47

(ISoG).
Indicator bariauns, Ueii(/l. Syst. Uehers. p. 48 (18oG) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-

Afr. p. :.'74 (1857) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mtis. Hein. iv. p. 6, note (1862) ;

lieuyl. J. f. O. 1862, p. 33, 1804, p. 265 ; Finsch, Trans. Z. S. rii.

p. 287 (1870); id. S^ Hartl. Vor/. Ost-Afr. p. 518 (1870); Gray,

Hancl-l. B. ii. p. 205, no. 8857 (1870); Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr.

ii. p. 771 (1871); Sharps in Rowleys Orn. Mine. i. p. 203, pi. upp.

fig. (187G) ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 705.

Adult male. Similar to /. indicator, but with barely a trace of
j'ellow on the ■wing, and further differing in having no pale margins
to the ■wing-coverts, and some of the feathers of the rump and
upper tail-coverts entirely white, forming a patch of uniform white ;
chin and upper throat black, with some yellow on the base of the
feathers : chest partially washed with yellow. Total length 6-8
inches, culmeu 0-55, wing 4*3, tail 3'2, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Differs in having the bill darker : no trace of a
yellow patch on the wing ; the edges of the feathers of the crown,
mantle, and Avings washed with yellow ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and
sides of neck dark dusky brown ; chin, throat, and fore part of chest
washed with bright yellow : " bill black ; iris red ; bare skin round
the eyes leaden grey ; feet dusky" {Emin Pasha). Total length 7*3
inches, culmen O'oo, wing 4, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. The greater portion of Tropical Africa, excepting the forest-
region of the West Coast.

a, b. Ad. sk. Senegambia. Old Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Casamance. Shai-pe CoU.

d, e. Ad. sk. Bejook, Bogos-Land (Esler). Shai-pe Coll.

f. 2 ad. sk. Wadelai, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].

Sept.
y. c? imm. sk. Teita, E. Africa, Aug. H. G. V. Hunter,

Esq. [P.].
/i. Ad. sk. Mombas ( Wakefield). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P-]-

i, k, I, m. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Brad- Shelley Coll.

sJtair).

??. c^ ad. sk. Rust euberg, Jan. (ff^'.iweft.s). Shelley Coll.

o. 5ad.sk. Limpopo River, Aug. (W. Shelley Coll.

Lucas) .

p. Ad. .*. Cape Colony (Butler). Shelley CoU.

q. Ad. sk. South Africa. Sharpe Coll.

5. Indicator variegatus.

Grand Indieateiu-. femelle, Lexaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 104, pi. 241. fig. 2, $ ;

Sundcv. Krit. Framst. om Levaill. p. 50 (1857).
Indicator major, 5 , Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 139, pi. 27. fig. 2 ; &uer

Icon. Reyne An., Ois. pi. 32. fig. 2 (1829-38).
Indicator variegatus, ipAV«. T/-rt«Ye, p. 155 (1831) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 451 (1847) ; Pucher. Rev. ct May. Zool. 1853, p. 71 ; GriU, Zool.

8 INDICATORID^.

Anteckn. p. 43 (1857) ; Cab. £r Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 6 (1862; ;

Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Cuculi, p. 2 (1864) ; Layard, B. S. Afr.

p. 242(1867) ; Gray,E:and-l. B. ii. p. 204, no. 8854; Heuyl. Orn.

N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 773, uote (1871) : Sluirjje, in Eoicleij's Oi-n. Misc. i.

p. 199 (1876) ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 795 ; id. ed. Layard's B. S. Afr.

pp. 167, 810 (1875-84) ; Fisch. ^ Reichen. J.f. O. 1879, p. 342 ;

Fisch. J. f. O. 1885, p. 124 ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. 1885,

p. 249.
Indicator maculicollis, Sundev. CEfv. K. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1850, p. 109.
Indicator levaiUantii (nee Teinm.), Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 100 (1850).

Adult male. Forehead and anterior half of crown mottled, the
centres of the feathers being black, their sides buff, and the tip
olive ; nape and back of neck ashy olive : back and wings brown,
the feathers generally rather broadly edged with olive-yellow, and
with narrower partial buff edges to some of the wing- and tail-
coverts ; tail similarly marked with black and white as in /. in-
dicator, but the dark centre feathers narrowly edged with olive-
yeUow ; sides of the head ashy grey, slightly streaked with white ;
chin and upper throat white, with dusky grey shafts ; lower
throat and fore part of chest dusky grey, with broad buff margins
to the feathers, giving a spotted appearance : remainder of the
breast buil, fading almost into white on the under tail-coverts :
feathers of the sides of body, thigh-coverts, and under tail-coverts
with rather broad dusky shaft-stripes ; under wing-coverts white,
partially mottled with dusky near the edge of the wing ; under
surface of the quills brown, with whitish inner edges : " upper
mandible horny brown, lower one pale; iris greyish brown"
(Fischer). Total length 7-3 inches, culmen 0-55. wing 4-5, tail 3'4,
tarsus 0-7.

Hab. South Africa, extending into East Africa.

a. Ad. sk. South Afiica. Sharpe Coll.

b. cJad.sk. 'Kajma,, Jan. (C. J. Andej-sscm). Shai-pe Coll.

c. Ad. £k. Geov^e {T. C. Atmore). Shai-pe Coll.

d. c? ad. sk. Beaufort (T. C. Atmore). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad.sk. Usumbarallills, PanganiEiver Shelley Coll.

(Sir J. Kirk).
/•. Ad. sk. Momhasa, (Wakefeld). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

Subsp. o. Indicator stictithorax.

Indicator stictithorax, Reichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 110, no. 3.
Indicator variegatus, Reichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 6 ; Shelley, P. Z. S.
1881, p. 693.

Adidt female. Differs from /. variegattis in being brighter, the
yellowish-olive edges to the feathers of the back and wings broader
and brighter, and the breast slightly yellower : " bill black ; iris
hazel ; feet plumbeous " (ScJduss). Total length 7 inches, culmen
0'55, wing 4, tail 2-7, tai'sus 0"65.

Hab. Cameroons, West Africa.

a. 2 ad. sk. Cameroon Mountains, 7000 H. H. .lobii.''ton, Esq. [P.].
feet.

1 . TNnrCATOK.

6. Indicator maculatus.

Indicator sparrmauni (necSteph.), Leadbeater, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi.

p. 91 (18;i3).
Indicator maculatus, Grmj, Gen. B. ii. p. 451, pi. 113 (1847) ; Bp.

Consp. Av. i. p. 100 (iHoO); Cass. Pruc. Ac. N. Sc. Philad. 1859,

p. 142; Helm', J.f. O. 18G0, p. 192; Shatpe in Ttmulei/s Orn.

Misc. i. p. 200 (1870) ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 795 ; Bocage, Joni. Lisb.

1880, p. 54 ; id. Orn. Angola, p. 542 (1881).
Indicator major (juv.), Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 183 (1857).

Adult male. Similar to /. variegatus in the colouring of the back,
wings, and tail, but differing in the upper half and sides of the head
being dusky blackish ; chin, throat, and body dusky brown, with
subterminal twin-spots of yellowish white on each feather ; under
tail-coverts white, with elongated dusky shaft-spots. Total length
0-6 inches, culmen 0'5, wing 4, tail 2-8, tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. " Similar in plumage to the male '' {Cassin).

Hah. West Africa, from Seuegambia to Gaboon.

a. Ad. sk. Eiver Gambia. F. Campbell, Esq. [P.].

7. Indicator minor.

Le Petit ludicateur, Levaill. Ois. Afr. x. p. 137, pi. 242 (1806) ;
Sundev. Krit. om Levaill. p. 50 (1857).

Indicator minor, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 140 (1815) ; Vieill. Nouv.
Diet. xvi. p. 155 (1817); Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1351
(1823); Less. Man. Orn. p. 125 (1828); id. Traite, p. 155, pi. 22.
tig. 1 (1831) ; Sicains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 190 (1837) ; Riipp. JS'eue
Wirb., Vw/. p. 61 (1835-40) ; Temm. Tabl. Math. p. 51 (1838) ;
Eiipj). Sgs't. Uebers. p. 96 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 451 (1847);
Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 100 (1850) ; Ileugl. Si/sf. Uebers. p. 48 (1856);
Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 184 (1857) ; Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 43
ri857) ; Giirney, Ibis, 1859, p. 247, 1860, p. 205 ; Hartl. J. f. O.
1861, p. 264; Cab. Sf Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 3 (1862); iteugl.
J.f. O. 1862, p. 33, 1864, p. 267 ; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 327 ; Schl.
Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Cuciili, p. 2 (1864) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 243
(1867) ; Finsch &■ Hartl. Vdg. Ost-Afr. p. 515 (1870) ; Finsch, Tr.
Z.S. vii. p. 287 (1870) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 771 (1871) ;
Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p! 14 (1871) ; Gurnet/ in Anderss. B. Damara-
Land, p. 223 (1872); Sharpe in liowiey's Orn. Misc. i. p. 194
(1876) ; id. ed. Layard:s B. 8. Afr. pp. 169, 811 (1876-84) ; Bocage,
Orn. Angola, p. 137 (1877) ; Cab. J. f O. 1878, p. 237 ; Sharpe,
P. Z.S. 1878, p. 795; Fisch. S)- Reichen. J. f. O. 1879, p. 341;
Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. ^m«. Viii.p.209 (18S2) ; Fisch. J.f. O.
1885, p. 124 ; Dubois, Bull. Mies. Boy. Hist. Xaf. Belg. iv. p. 147
(1886) ; Oust. Bibl. Hautes Etudes, xxxi. Revoil, p. 3 (1886).

Indicator buphagoides, Leadbeater, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 85 (1829).

Indicator minimus, Temm. PI. Col. 542. fig. 1 (1822).

Indicator diadematus, Riipp. Neue Wirb. p. 61 (1837).

Indicator apivorus, Ki-ebs, Mus. Berol.,^A.e Lieht. Nomencl. Av. p. 78
(1854).

10 INDK'ATORIT>J=:.

Adult male. Uj^per half ot the head and back of neck ashy brown,
with a slight yellow wash and a broad white band from the nostril
to the cheek ; back and wings broM'n, washed with deep yellow on
the edges of the feathers ; tail with the four centre feathers blackish
brown, narrowly edged along their outer sides with olive-yellow :
remaining tail-feathers white, wHh broad dark-brown ends ; undcr-
parts ashv, fading into white on the chin, centre of abdomen, and
under tail-coverts, and a broad dusky baud below the cheeks and
ear-coverts ; thigh-coverts with broad, somewhat obscure, dusky
shaft-stripes ; under wing-coverts and inner edges of the quills
whitish: "iris brown; bill — upper mandible black, lower one
brown, flesh-colour at base ; legs dull olive " (T. L. Ayres). Total
length 6 inches, culmen 0'4, wing 3'5, tail 2-5, tarsus 0"6.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 5-1
inches, culmen 2-4, wing 3-4, tail 2-5, tarsus O'G.

Hal). The greater part of Tropical Africa, except the forest-region
of the "West Coast.

a, b. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. Shelley Coll.

c. S ad. sk. Eland's Post ( T. C. Atmore). Sharpe Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Kingwiinamstown(7'yerc/?/cr?0- 1!. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
e,f,c;. Ad.sk. Natal. Seebohm Coll.

k. Ad. sk. Durban {Gordge). Shelley Coll.

I. Ad. sk. Pinetown, Oct. (T. i. ^yrfs). Shelley Coll.

k. cJ ad. ; /, m. Swazi-Land {T. E. BucMey). Shelley Coll.

? ad. sk.

??, o,p. (fad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Sharpe Coll.

Oct. (C. J. Andersson).

q. Ad. sk. Near Bagamoyo. Emin Pasha [P.].

r. (S ad. sk. Waliko, Bogos - Land ( W. Tweeddale Coll.

Jesse) .

8. Indicator conirostris.

MeligTiothes conirostris, Cass. Troc. Ac. Is. Sc. PInlad. 185G, p. 156,

1859, pi. ii. ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 264.
Indicator conirostris, JIartl. On}. W.-Afr. p. 184 (1857) ; Cab. ^

Heine, Mus. Hem. iv. p. 4, note (1862) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 205, no. 8859 (1870) ; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marcke ^c. p. 30

(1875) ; Sharpe in Itowlej/s Orn. Misc. i. p. 196 (1876) ; id.

P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 793, 795.
Indicator occidentalis, Fen: in Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 185, note

(1857).

Adidt. Similar in plumage to /. minor, but differing in the upper
parts being brighter, the ground-colour of all the feathers being nearly
black, with broader and brighter yellow edges not only to the
feathers of the back and wings, but also of the crown and hind
neck ; lores and chin mottled with black ; thigh-coverts with broad
black shaft-stripes. Total length G inches, culmen 0-4, wing 3-6,
tail 2-5, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. West Africa, from the Gold Coast to Gaboon.

a. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (Aidmin). Shelley Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

2. PROUOTISCUS. 11

9. Indicator exilis.

Melignothes exilis, Cass. Proc.Ac. N. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 157, 18."9,
p. U2, pi. i. fig. 1 ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1801, p. 264.

Indicator exilis, Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 185 (1857) ; Cab. Sf Heine,
Mus. Hein. iv. p. 4, note (1862) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 205,
1)0. 8862 (1870); Sharpe in Rowley's Orn. Misc. i. p. 198 (1876);
id. S,- Bouvier, BuU. Soc. Zoo/. France, i. p. 51 (1876) ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 794, 795 ; Bocaye, Orn. Amjola, p. 542 (1881).

Melignostes exilis, Heine, J. f. O. 1800, p. 192.

Adult female. Similar to /. minor, but much smaller ; crown and
chin slightly mottled with darker centres to the feathers ; the white
patch near the nostril scarcely so distinct; the dark shaft-stripes
on the thigh-coverts more distinct. Total length 4-3 inches, culmen
0-3, wing 2-75, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-4.

Hab. West Africa, from Gaboon to the Congo.

a. Ad. sk. Gamma River. P. B. DuChaillu [0.].

b. $ ad. sk. Landana, Congo, March (Petit). Shelley Coll.

2. PRODOTISCUS.

Type.
Prodotiscus, Sundev. CEfvers. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1850, p. 109. P. regulus.
Hetffirodes, Cass. Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 157... P. insignis.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Brown, with no olive or yellow shade ; with only a

portion of the outer tail-feathers white regulus, p. 11.

b. Mure olive ; quills and upper tail-coverts edged with

bright yellow ; three outer pairs of tail-feathers en-
tirely white insiynis, p. 12.

1. Prodotiscus regulus.

Prodotiscus regulus, Sundev. CEfvers. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1850, p. 109 ;
Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 186 (1857) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv.

p. 542 (1881).
Indicator regains, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 78 (1854) ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. ii. p. 205, no. 8863 (1870).

Adult female. General plumage above uniform brown ; tail
blackish brown, with a largo basal portion of the outer three
feathers on each side white : underparts white, strongly washed
with pale brown on the throat and Hanks ; under wing-coverts
white, slightly washed with brown ; under surface of the quills

12 INDICATOEID^.

brown, with white inner margins; bill and feet blackish. Total
length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-45.
Hab. Natal.

a. Ad. sk. Natal. Purchased.

6. $ ad. slf. Natal, Aug. ( Wahlherg) Sharps Coll.

2. Prodotiscus insignis.

Hetferodes insignis, Cass. Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Philad. 185G, p. 157,

1859, p. 142, pi. i. fig. 2 ; Heine, J.f. O. 1860, p. 192.
Indicator insignis, Hartl.Orn. W.-Afr. p. 185 (1857) ; Grm/, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 205, no. 88G4.
Prodotiscus insignis. Cab. ^_ Heine, Mus. Hem. iv. p. 5, note (1862) ;

Heuffl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 774, note (1871) ; Sharpe in Eoivlei/'s

Orn. Misc. i. p. 208 (1876).
Indicator emini, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 43, pi. iii.

Adult male. Upper parts dusky brown, very slightly shaded with
olive on the crown and back of the neck, slightly more so with deep
yellow on the back and scapulars, increasing in the amount of
vellow on the rump, where the feathers show white ends ; wings
dark brown, the coverts shading into olive-yellow on their edges,
the quills edged with deep yellow ; four centre tail-feathers entirely
brown, the remaining six white, with the base only of the next pair
to the four centre feathers brown ; underparts, including the under
tail-coverts, ashy brown, fading into white on the centre and sides of
the abdomen behind the thighs. Total length 4'G inches, culmen
0-3, wing 2-6, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-5.

Hah. Gaboon to Equatorial Africa.

a. S ad. sk. Bellinia, Equatorial Africa, June. Emin Pasha [P.].

(Tj'pe of I. emini.')

CAPITONID^. 13

Family CAPITONID^.

(By a. E. SHELLEY.)

Palate sometimes aegithognathous, sometimes dcsmoguathous.

Vomer single, bitid. Maiiubrial process of the sternum pointed.

Eemoro-caudal and accessory semitendinosus muscles present ;
ambieus and accessory femoro-caudal absent.

Tail-feathers ten.

Ptcrylosis : ventral feather-tract forked on the throat and on
each side of the breast.

Oil-gland tufted.

Cicca none.

Ranging over the whole of the ^Ethiopian Region, the Indian
and Indo-Chinese Regions, and the Indo-Malayan Subregion. The
Neotropical Region in the New World.

Although the limits of this familj' ajjpear to be well defined, the
characters used for the separation of genera are by no means easy to
distinguish, and in any case they are difficult to formulate. The
Capitonklai appear to me to constitute a family of Picarian birds
in which no single character for the separation of genera can bo
considered to be absolute, and even style of coloration is of no avail
as a generic character. As a rule the plumage is gaudy and the
contrasts striking ; but there are some genera, such as Calorluunphus
and Gi/mnobucco, which it would be difficult to match for dullness of
coloration. Scarcely one of the genera ;idmitted here is so well
defined that it does not form a link towards some other genus, and
J-'oi/uiiorhi/nchus and its allies may well be considered as subgenera
belonging to one leading type, of which the toothed bill is the most
prominent feature. The same may be said of Barhatula and
Smilorhis, and Me(jalaima and Cyano])s.

Key to the Genera.

A. Tip of lower mandible fitting into the tip of
upper mandible.
a. Edge of upper mandible distinctly
toothed *.
a. Chin-augle hidden by a double tuft of
dense bristly plumes ; upper mandible
sidcated.
a" . Lower mandible deeply sulcated, [p. 15.

the base hidden by dense bristles . . 1. PoGONOehynchus,
h" . Base of lower mandible perfectly

smooth, the bristles not so dense as [p. 16.

to conceal the base 2. Erythbobucco,

* TrU-huliema affinis and T. melaiioccphala are exceptions in a way, the tootli
being scarcely clistingaishable and nearly obsolete.

14

[p. 17.
Melanobtjcco,

[p. 28.

CAPITONID^.

,' Cbm-angle beset With scattered bristles,

• not so dense as to conceal rt

" -Rrpast-teatbers not ha\ing piuuu

'•Sike Bbafts; plumage vaned

but not yellow-spotted _ - - " ;,i^;^

'"■ SklrtS^^^Su^iotted

wtth yellow, and quills edged with ^^ ^^^^^^l^ma,
,.EdgeS"S:upp;.rmea;dibi;;.ntire;nev.r
toothed. •A^-r.A ai liase some-

and sharply defined. ^^^

'■ ^.rere-lapfd^cbJn-anlle .-nded
Ind more ^r less l^eset with bnstk.
„'" Head bare, the nostrils and eai

'' • ""orle exposed ; with a t^ o ^^_ 34.

bristly plumes about the no.tiu _^ q^^q^^cco,
or on the chin •••;•/•• • ', ' ' ' '.
6'" Ear-orifice covered with feathers ;
■ crown always feathered.
a^. Nostrils surmounted by a tutt ot ^^^^^^^cco, p. 36.

dense erect bristles • •

u Nostrils visible, with a few ovei-
^" hanging bristles, but not con-
cealed by bristly tufts.
«5 With a bare space round the
■ eye ; nasal apertm-e rounded

and evident.
a« Wing rather pointed, tae
primaries exceeding the
secondaries by more than
the length of the culnien;
on the latter a well-
marked crest ■••■••••:•
^0 Win<^s more rounded ; tne
seco°ndaries nearly equal
to the primaries, the dit-
ference between them not
so great as the length ot
the culmen; the latter
not definitely crested . . . •
If With no bare space round tlie
• eye; the nasal aperture con- ^^ g^^^^^^^^^;

cealed • : V " [p. 49.

/'. Bill strongly ^uvved ; chm-angle ^^^^^^^us,

acute ; no bristles on the chin ...■>■
,r Culmen rounded at base and along its
• entire length ; no culmmal ridge
./'Sexes alike ; tail square or gradually
•' rounded, the outer leathers not
much shorter than the others.

Smilorhis, p. o<3.

Barbatula, p. 38.

[p. 48.

1. POGOXDRHYNCUU.S.

15

c . ^ostl•Il.s complrtfly hidden by
teatliers; tail long, extending-
beyond wing by more than

length of tarsus n \ri.'p at i.^. . , -o

(< . Nostrils rounded and exposed, '

^ never hidden by bristles.
c . Calmen longer than tarsus .... 12. Chotohhea, p. 55.
a . Lulmen not exceeding tarsus in M --•

length,
t-'. Bill pointed, acute, the cul-
men far exceeding in length
^ the breadth of bill at gape.
c'\ Eictal bristles moderate,
uot reaching to end of

^u ^^\-; ; ■ •• x; 13- Cyanops, p. 61.

a . Kictal bristles produced far

cP BH^Tr'^ *'P ?^'''" 14- ^^iESOBUCCO, p. 85.

n . ±5ill obtuse and short, culmen

about equal to breadth of [p. §8.

h" '^ovn. ?r?^ ■ ■ 1" ■', 1^- Xanthol-iima,

/* . bexes alike ; tail very strono-ly '

gi-aduated, the outer feathers fallino-

short of the inner ones by as much

as the length of the tarsus or even

more.
e". Base of culmen hidden by tufts of
bristles, which overhang two-
thirds of the cidmen ; ° centre
tail-feathers produced and

/ . Base of culmen exposed ; centre r^, ofl

tail-feathers square 17. Trachvpftovtw' '

»'. Sexes markedly dik'ent: outer tail! ^"-^^^^^^O'^u.,
leather much shorter than the centre

ones ' TO /( ,^_

5. Tip ot' under mandible' " lifted 'and ^''"'' ^' ^''•

iy. 1 ETEAGONOPS,

1. POGONORHYNCHUS.

Pogonias, III. Prodromm, p. 202 (1811) p ^^'Pf-'

Popoijiynehus, F«« Z ^.L, ^^..i^^V uV p! 'iGl '•'"'""•

' p. dubius.

liange. Confined to Africa.

1. Pogonorhynchus dubius.

Le Barbican Buff Hist. Ois.vu. p. 1.32 (1780); Levaill. Ois ,le
Parmhs, Barhiis, n. p. 53, pi. 19 (1806).

Doubtlul Barbet, Lath. Gen. S;/n. i. pt. 2, p. 506 (1783). ^'
Bucco dubius, Gm. S^/.t. Xat. p. 4( 19 (1788) ^

1^ CAPITONID^.

Pogonias dubius, Illiger, Prodr. p. 202 (1811) ; Bonap. Comp. Av.

p. 145 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Eartl. Orn.

W.-Afr. p. 167 (1857) ; Yen: P. Z. S. 1859, p. 394 ; JBocage, Jorn.

Lisb. i. p. 143 (1867).
Pogonias sulcirostris, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. p. 46, pi. 76 (1815);

Wagl. Sijst.Av. Pogonias, sp. 1, p. 164 (1827); Sicains. B. W.

Afr. ii. p. 166 (18-37).
Pogouia ervthromelas, Vieill. N. Did. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 236 (1816) ;

id. Gal. bis. i. p. 18, pi. 32 (1825).
Pogonias major, Cuv. Eegne An. i. p. 428 (1817) ; Less. Traite,

p. 159 (1831).

clviii (1871) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 172, no. 8418 (1870) ; Mar-
shall, Mon. Capit. p. 7, pi. 4 (1871) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 15
(1871); Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche^c.^. 29(1875); Oust. Nouv.
Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Btdl. p. 150 (1879).

Laimodon dubius, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 428 (1846).

Pogonoiliamphus dubius, Des Murs in Chemi's Encycl. (tlList. Nat.,
Ois.ii.pp. 14, 15 (1855).

Adult. Above glossy purplish black ; centre of lower back white,
forming a conspicuous patch ; wings and tail like the back, the
quills blackish, externally glossy purplish black ; the greater coverts
washed with dark crimson near the base of the outer web ; crown
of head like the back ; lores and feathers below the eye black, with
crimson tips ; ear-coverts and cheeks crimson, separated by a black
line, which commences below the eye ; throat and fore neck crimson,
followed by a broad black baud across the lircast ; centre of breast
and abdomen scarlet, slightly varied with yellow tips to the feathers ;
sides of scarlet abdomen, as well as a large patch on the sides of the
body white, washed with pale yellow ; flanks, thighs, and under
tail- coverts glossy purplish black : under wing-coverts ashy white,
with those round the edge of the wing black ; quills ashy below,
yellowish white along the inner web. Total length 9-5 inches,
culmen 1'45, wing 4'5, tail 3-3, tarsus l-l.

A specimen in my collection, probably an adult female, has the
white patch on the sides of the body spotted with black.

Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the River Niger.

a. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Shelley Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Bathurst, River Gambia {Sir A. Shelley Coll.

Moloney),

d-f. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Senegambia {L. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll.

h. Ad. sk. River Niger {Dr. Baikie). Sbai-pe Coll.

2. ERYTHEOBUCCO.

Type. I

Erythrobucco, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 475 E. rolleti.

Range. North-east Africa.

3. MELANOBUCCO. 17

1. Erythrobucco roUeti.

Pogonias rolleti, Defilippi, Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 290 ; Bp. Consp. Vol.
Zi/fj. p. 12 (1854) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 1(39 (1857) ; Verr. P.
Z. S. 1859, ]). :iM ; Ileiujl. J.f. O. 1863, p. 270 ; Aiitin. Cat. descr.
Ucc. p. 80 (1864) ; Hartl. Abh. nat. Vet: Bremen, Bd. vii. p. 112
(1881).

Pogonorhynchus rolleti, Heuffl. Ibis, 1861, pp. 123, 125, pi. 5. fig. 1 ;
Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 2 (1863); Salvad. Atti R.
Accad. iSci. Torino, iii. p. 280 (1868) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit.
Mus. p. 2 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 172, no. 8419 (1870);
Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 750, clviii, pi. 27. fig. 1 (1870) ; Mar-
shall, Mon. Capit. p. 9, pi. 5 (1871) ; Pelz. Sitz. zool.-bot. Wien,
xxxi. p. 615 (1881); Hartl. Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, vni. p. 209
(1883) ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zuul. xvii. p. 431 (1884).

Erythrobucco rolleti, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male *. Similar to Pogonorhynchus cluhius, but having the
■whole of the throat and breast black ; only a slight tinge of crimson
on the greater wing-coverts, this being absent in some specimens :
"bill horny white, pale leaden at base; bare orbital skin violets
blue ; feet dusky ; iris umber-brown " (Heuffliu). Total length 9'5
inches, culmen 1-5, wing 4-4, tail 3'3, tarsus 1-05.

Bab. N.E. Africa.

a. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. Purchased.

b. c? ad. sk. Kiri, Equatorial Afiica, Oct. 22 {Emin Shelley Coll.

Pasha).
e. c? ad. sk. Faradjok, Sept. (i?Mi;« Pa.sA«). Shelley Coll.

d. ^ ad. sk. Kutscliugali, Niam-Niam Country, Sept. F. BohndorS.

3. MELANOBUCCO. „,__

Type.

Melanobucco, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476 M. bidentatus

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Bill pale, not black.

a'. Abdomen crimson ; under tail-coverts black.

a" . A scarlet band across the wing bidentatus, 'p. 18.

b". A rosy band across the wing aquatorialis, p. 19.

b' . Abdomen and under tail-coverts white;

throat red melanopterus, p. 19.

c . Abdomen orange-red ; under tail-coverts

white ; throat white kvaillanti, p. 20.

6. Bill black or nearly so.

d'. Entire head and neck white.

c". Abdomen brown ; wing-coverts tipped
with white.
a'". Tail brown leucocephahis, p. 21,

• Count Salvadori has drawn atteution to the difference in the colour of the
flanks which exists in a series of this species and also in the red-breasted section
of the genus Melaiwhucco, and suggests that the black-spotted individuals are
the females. This proposition seems to me to be highly probable.

VOL. XIX. C

18 CAPITONIDiE,

b ' . Tail white < sener -a 22

d". Abdomen white; no white on median ' ' ' ?'

and greater wing-coverts leucogaster, p. 22.

e'. Throat and fore part of crown red.

e" . Back and abdomen black abyssinicus, p. 22.

/''. Back and abdomen not black.
c'". With a black collar.

a*. Larger ; freckling on the back and

wing-coverts very indistinct torquatus, p. 24.

¥. Smaller ; freckling on the back and

wing-coverts more coarsely indicated, irroratus, p. 25.

d'". With no black collar vieilloti, p. 26.

f. No red on the throat : forehead red undatus, p. 27.

1. Melanobucco bidentatus.

Bucco bidentatus, Shaw, Nat. Hist. Miscell. x. pi. 393 (1798) ; Hartl.
J.f. 0.1861, p. 262.

Le Barbican unibec, Leiaill. Barbiis, Svppl. pi. 48. fig. K (1806).

Pogouias laevirostris. Leach, Zvol. Miscell. ii. p. 47, pi. 77 (181.5) ;
Wagl. Syst. Av. Pogonias, p. 164 (1827) ; Ctiv. Reyne An. p. 457,
note (1829).

Bucco leuconotus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 242 (1816).

Laimodon bidentatus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 426 (1846).

Pogonias bidentatus, Bonap. t'onsp. Av. i. p. 145 (1850) ; Hartl.
Orn. W.-Afr. p. 170 (1857); Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 394; Gurtiey,
Ibis, 1859, p. 153 ; Bocage, Jorn. Lisb, i. p. 143 (1868), ii. p. 348
(1870).

Pogonorhynchus bidentatus, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 3
(1863); Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mtis. p. 2 (1868) ; Sharpe, Ibis,
1869, p. 193 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 172, no. 8420 (1870) ; Mar-
shall, Mon. Capit. p. 11, pi. 6 (1870); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 15
(1871) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 54; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche ^-c.
p. 29 (1875); Reichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 18; Bouvier, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, ii. p. 77 (1877) ; Oust. Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 63
(1879) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 105 (1881) ; Sauza, Jorn. Lisb.
1887, p. 218.

Laimodon laevirostris, Riljip. Syst. Uebers. p. 95 (1845) ; Heugl. Syst.
Uebers. p. 47 (1856).

? Pogonorhynchus bidentatus, Heugl. Ibis, 1861, p. 123 ; id. Orn.
iV.0.-4/>-.pp. 753, clviii (1870).

Melanobucco bidentatus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. Black and red, like Pogonorhynchus duhius, with, a white
patch on the back, but distinguished by the absence of the black
band across the breast, the whole of the throat, breast, and abdo-
men being crimson, the latter somewhat inclining to scarlet ; the
crown is also washed with dark crimson, and there is a band across
the wing formed by the scarlet tips to the greater coverts ; the
black bristles on the chin are not nearly so developed, and there
are no sulcations on the lower mandible : " iris dark chestnut "
(J. Sauza). Total length 9 inches, ciilmen 1-2, wing 3-8, tail 2-91,
tarsus I'Oo.

Hah. West Afric;i, fi-om Gold Coast to Angola.

a, h. Ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased.

c. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Tweeddale Coll.

3. MELANOBUCCO. 19

</,tf. Ad. etj uv.sk. Funtee {H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (A. Swanzy). Shelley Coll.

g. Ad.sk. Abrobonko, Fantee, Jan. {G. Shelley Coll.

E. S.).

h, I. Ad. sk. Accin. Sharpe Coll.

2. Melanobucco aequatorialis. (Plate I.)

? Pogonorhynphiis dubius, Sharpe 4' Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
i. p. 311 (l&i70) ; Bocayc, Orn. Anyola, App. p. 538 (1881).

Pogroniaa bidentatus {neo Shaw), Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen,
vii. p. 112 (1881).

Poufonorbvnchus bidentatus (Tiec Shaw), Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc,
Zool. xvii. p. 4.32 (1884) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 41.

Melanobucco aequatorialis, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. Similar to M. bidentatits, but easily distinguislied by
the rosy instead of scarlet band on the wing : " bill horny white ;
naked skiu round the eye sulphur-yellow, tinged with reddish ; iris
umber-brown " (£"/?!(«). Total length 9 inches, culmen 1-2, wing
4*1, tail 2"9o, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 9'5 inches,
culmen 1"2, wing 4, tail 2-95, tarsus 1.

Hab. Equatorial Africa, probably extending through the Congo
region.

a,b. (^ 2 f^d. sk. Hparo, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].

Feb. 16.
c. Ad.sk. Semmio, Niam-Niara Conn- F. BohndorfF[C.]

try, Jan.

3. Melanobucco melanopterus.

Pogonias (Laimodon) melanopterus, Peters, Bericht Akad. Berlin,

1854, p. 134.
Laimodon albiventris, Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 393, 395, pi. 157.
Pogonorbynchus melanopterus, Go^ri, Miis. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 6,

note (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. ?> (1868) ; Cab. in Von

der Liechen, Jieis. iii. p. 39 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 173,

no. 8428 (1870) ; Finsch ^- Hartl. Tlig. Ostafr. p. 504 (1870) ;

Marshall, Mnn. Capit. p. 13, pi. 7 (1871) ; Nicholson, P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 359 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 239: Fischer i>,- Reichen. t. c. p. 253;

Fischer, t. c. p. 292 ; id. J.f. O. 1879, p. 291 ; Fischer ^- Reichen. t. c.

p. 342 ; Shellei/, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 592 ; Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn.

i. p. 370 (1884); id. J.f. O. 1885, p. 125; Shelley, Ibis, 1888,

p. 291 ; id. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 356.
Melanobucco melanopterus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. General colour above brown, with white shaft-lines ; the
mantle rather blacker and less distinctly streaked : rump and upper
tail-coverts blackish, with white shaft-lines ; wing-coverts and
quills brown, externally glossy black, with white shaft-streaks, the
shafts of the quills light brown ; tail-feathers black : forehead
scarlet, the hinder crown and nape blue-black, the feathers tipped
■with scarlet ; sides of face, cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat bright
scarlet ; fore neck and breast brown, with white shaft- streaks, some

c2

20 CAPITONID^.

of the feathers hlackish ; remainder of under surface of body white,
with a patch of blackish or brown feathers on the flanks, streaked
as usual with white shaft-lines ; under wing- and tail-coverts white,
as also the quill-lining : " bill clear horny bluish grey ; feet dark
leaden grey : iris brown " (G. A. Fischer). Total length 7'4 inches,
culmen 1, wing tV8, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-9.

Young. Browner than the adult and less distinctly streaked both
on the back and breast ; the red on the forehead and sides of face
and throat of a paler scarlet, the crown black with spots of pale
scarlet.

Hah. Confined to Eastern Africa.

a Ad sk. Lanui, E. Africa {Sir J. Shelley Coll.

Kirk).

6, e. Ad. etjuv.sk. Usambara Hills (Z'eVA). Shelley Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Pangani River (Kirk). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Ugogo (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Rovuma River (J. Thorn- Shelley Coll.

son).
■ g. Juv. sk. Zanzibar. Sir Bartle Frere [P.].

h S ad. sk, Taveta, June. H. C. V. Hunter,

Esq. [P.].
i. Ad. .sk. Kilimanjaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq.

[P.].

4. Melanobucco levaillanti.

Le Barbican a ventre rose, Leraill. Bnrhus, p. 85, pi. A (1806).
Bucco levaillautii, Vieill. N. Diet, d' Hist Nat. iii. p. 243 (1816).
Pogonias levaillantii, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. p. 146, pi. cxvii. (1815).
Pogonias minor, Cuv. Regne An. i. p. 428, note (1817).
Pogonorhynchus eogaster, Cah. J. f. O. 1876, p. 92, pi. ii. fig. 1 ;

Reicheii. J. f. O. 1877, p. 18 ; Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i.

p. 229, pi. VI. fig. 2 (1876)._
Pogonorhynchus bidentatus, juv., i?oca^e, Orn. Ayiyola, p. 105 (1881).
Pogonorhynchus levaillantii, Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii.

p. 77 (1877) ; Bocar/e, Orn. Angola, App. p. 538 (1881).
Melanobucco levaillanti, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. General colour above blackish chocolate, becoming
deeper black towards the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts
and quills chocolate-brown, with glossy black edges ; tail-feathers
black ; forehead and sinciput scarlet: hinder crown and nape, sides
of the face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and sides of neck ashy brown ;
throat and under surface of body white, with a tinge of yellow on
the sides of the body ; the lower abdomen pale vermilion ; on each
side of the vent a large patch of blue-black feathers ; under wing-
and tail-feathers white ; quills brown below, ashy white along the
inner web : " bill clear horny brown or flesh-colour : feet rosy or
brownish rosy ; iris orange " (FaR-enstein). Total length 6-8 inches,
culmen 0'85, wing ^-6, tail 28, tarsus 0-9.

Hab. Congo region in Western Africa.

a. S ad. sk. Landana, Congo (Z. Petit). - Shelley Coll.

3. MELANOBUCCO. 21

5. Melanobucco leucocephalus.

Laimodon leucocephalus, DeJiUpjn, Reo. et Mag. de Zool. 18o3,
p. 291 ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. m^ ■ Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 81
(1864) ; Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, iii. p. 281 (1868).

Pogonorhynehus leucocephalus, Heuc/l. Ibis, 1861, p. 123, pi. 10.
fig. 2; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bns, Buccones, p. 4 (1863); Gray,
List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 2 (1808); id. Hmid-l. B. ii. p. 172,
no. 8421 (1870); Heuql. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp.754, civiii, pi. 27.
fig. 2 (1870); Marshal/, Man. Capit. p. 15, pi. 8 (1871) ; Sharpe,
Cat. Afr. B. p. 15 (1871) ; Peh. Sitz. zool.-hot. Wien, xxxi. p. 153
(1881); Hartl. Ahhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, Vi\i. p. 209 (1883) ;
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 432 (1884).

Pogonias leucocephalus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 112
(1881).

Melanobucco leucocephalus, Shelleij, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. General colour above brown, blacker on the centre
of the back, the mantle slightly streaked with white shaft-lines, the
scapuhirs and wing-coverts with more distinct and triangular white
centres to the feathers ; greater coverts white, or white with brown
bases ; primary-coverts and bastard-wing brown with white tips ;
quills dark brown, with pale-brown shafts, the inner secondaries
with white spots at their ends ; lower back and upper tail-coverts
white ; tail-feathers black ; crown of head, nape, throat, and chest
pure white ; breast and sides of the body blackish brown, streaked
with white centres to the feathers ; under tail-coverts white, as also
the under wing-coverts and quill-lining : '• bill and feet leaden black ;
bare eyelids violet lead-colour ; iris umber-brown " (Heaqlin).
Total length 7-2 inches, culmen 1, wing 3-5, tail 2-1, tarsus 0"9.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 7"3
inches, culmen 0'9, wing 3-45, tail 2, tarsus 0"9.

Hab. North-eastern Africa, extending into Equatorial Africa.

Sharpe CoU.
Slielley Coll.

Emin Pasha [P.].
F. Bohndoiff [C.j.

6. Melanobucco albicauda.

Pogonorhynchus leucocephalus. Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 239.
Pogonorhynchus albicauda, Shelleij, Ibis, 1881, p. 117; id. P. Z. S.

1881, p. 592; Fischer, Zeitschr. qes. Orn. i. p. 370 (1884); id.

J.f. 0. 1885, p. 125; Reichen. J.'f. O. 1887, p. 59.
Melanobucco albicauda, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult (type of species). Similar to M. leucocephalus, but distin-
guished by the white tail, the centre feathers of which are blackish
brown at the baisc ; the feathers of the back and breast are not

Ad. sk.

Soudan [Knoblecker).

S ad. sk.

Kiri, Equatorial Africa, Oct. 19

{Emin Pasha).

$ ad. sk.

Kedjaf, May 11.

(S ad. sk.

Kutschugali, Niam-Niani Country,

Oct.

22 CAriTONID^.

centred with white, but only narrowly edged with whitish. Total
length 7-5 inches, culmen 1, wing 3-7, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-95.
Hah. Eastern Africa.

a. Ad, sk. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

(Type of species.)

7. Melanohucco senex.

Pogonorbynchus leucocephalus (ncc Hewjl.), Cab. J. f. O. 1878,

p. 239.
Pogonorbynchus senex, ReicJien. J.f. O. 1887, p. 59.
Melanobucco senex, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 47G.

Week and upper part of the back as well as the wings blackish
brown ; all the rest of the plumage — to wit, the head, entire under
surface of body, scapulars, riimp, and tail — white ; lower back
streaked with black on a white ground. Both the white shoulder-
bands are joined on the lower back and border the triangular
blackish-brown patch on the neck and upper back. Some of the
greater coverts show traces of white spots at the end. Iris brown ;
bill and feet black. Wing 3-7 inches, tarsus 0-9. (JReichenoiv.)

Hah. Ukamba, East Africa.

8. Melanobucco leucogaster.

Pogonorhynchiis leucogaster, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. pt. xxi. p. 63

(1877); id. Orn. Avgokt, p. 539 (1881).
Melanobucco leucogaster, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. Similar to M. leucocephahis, but differing in the white
abdomen and under wing-coverts, and the back and greater wing-
coverts bei]]g dusky brown, but unspotted. {Bocufje.)

Hah. Quillengues, in Mossamedes.

9. Melanobucco abyssinicus.

Le Guifso Balito, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 471 (1775).

Three-toed Grosbeak, Lat/i. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 159 (1783).

Loxia tridactyla, Gm. Syst. Nat. p. 8(j6 (1788) ; lath. Ind. Orn. i.

p. .397 (1790).
Pbytotoma tridactyla, Daud. Traite, ii. p. 3G6 (1800).
Phytotoma abyssinica, Lath. Ind. Orn. Sitppl. i. p. xlix (1801).
Abyssinian Plant-cutter, Lath. Ge7i..Sm. SuppLii. p. 213, pi. cxxxiii.

(1802).
Bucco saltii, Stanley in Salfs Voyage to Abyssinia, App. iv. p. 64

(1814).
Hyreus abyssinicus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. ix. p. 338, pi. 53

(1815).
Pogonias rubrifrons (nee VieilL), Swains. Zool. III. ii. pi. 68 (1821) ;

Des Murs in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss, p. 128 (1845).
Pogonias ha?matops, Wagl. Syst. Av. Pogonias, sp. 4, p. 165 (1827).
Pogonias brucii, Miipp. Neue Wirb., Voq. p. 50, pi. 20. fig. 1 (1835) ;

id. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 50.

3. MELANOBUCCO. 23

Pogonia8 saltii, Swains. B. W. Afr. p. 170 (1837) ; Up. Consp. Av.

i. p. 145 (18G0) ; Ilartl. J.f. O. 1854, p. 1!)7; Up. Consp. Vol.

Zi/ff.-p. ]-2 (1854); Hartl. Oni. W.-Afr. p. 170 (1857); Heuyl.

J.f. O. \m-2, p. 36; Brehm, lieis. Habesch, p. 364 (18(33).
Laimodon brucii, li'upp. Si/st. Uebers. p. 95 (1845) ; Heugl. Syst.

Uebers.^. 40 (1850).
Laimodou saltii, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 428 (1840) ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859,

p. 396; Iletiyl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 196; Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 81

(1804).
Pogonorhynclms sallii, Heugl. Ibis, 1801, p. 123.
Pogonorhynclius abyssinicus, Gojffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Biiccoues,

p. 5 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. in Brit. Mus. p. 3 (1868) ; id.

Rand-l. B. ii. p. 173, no. 8423 (1870) ; Blanf. Geol. ^ Zool.

Abyss, p. 309 (1870) ; Marshall, Man. Capit. p. 17, pi. 9 (1870) ;

Finsch, Tr. Z. <S'. vii. p. 281 (1870); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 15

(1871) ; Antin. ^ Salvad. Viayg. Boyos, p. 42 (1873) ; Hartl. Ab-

handl. nat. Verein. Bremen, vii. p. 112 (1881) ; Pelz. Sitz. zool.-

bot. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 615 (1881) ; Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen.

(2) i. p. 83 (1884).
Pogonorbynchus babessinicus, Heuyl. Orn. N.O. Afr. pp. 755, clix

(1871).
Melanobucco abyssiuicus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. Glo.ssy blue-black ; wiug-coverts like the back, the
feathers broadly edged with white ; bastard- wing and primary-
coverts brown ; quills blackish, edged with bright yellow, becoming
brighter towards the ends ; tail-feathers black, narrowly fringed
w'ith yellow ; crown of head as far as tlie occiput, sides of face,
cheeks, throat, and fore neck brilliant scarlet; ear-coverts glossy
blue-black like the sides of the neck, but with a few scarlet tips ;
sides of fore neck and breast, as well as the whole of the under
surface of body from the chest downwards, glossy blue-black ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries, as well as the quill lining, white : " bill
blackish ; feet dusky ; iris red " {HcugUn). Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-9, wing 3-45, tail 2'1, tarsus 0-7-J.

Adult fcmide. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
6 inches, culmen 0"9, wing 3o, tail 1*9, tarsus O-So.

Hah, Xorth-eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Tweeddale Coll.

b. Ad. .sk. Habab {Esler). Sharpe Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Bogus-Land (Esler). Shelley Coll.

e. 2 s.d. sk. Ansuba Valley, Aug. 5. W. T. Blauford, Esq.

[C.].

/iff- <S 2 ^^- Gabena-Weldt Goufdlun, Aug. Tweeddale Coll.

sk. {Ii'. Jesse).

h. 2 ad. sk. ^Yaliko, July 23 ( If. Jesse). Sharpe Coll.

t. 2 ^- sk. Ambucarra, Shoa, Aug. 24 (O. Shelley Coll.

Antinori).

k. c? ad. sk. Adoi-Dembi, Shoa, May (O. Anti- Shelley Coll.

nori).

I. Ad. sk. Shoa {Sir TF. Harris). India 31useuai.

m. Ad. !sk. \N'hite Nile. Tweeddale Coll.

24 CAPITONIDJi.

10. Melanobucco torquatus.

Le Barbu a plastron noir, Levaill. Barbus, p. 65, pi. 28 (1806).

Bucco torquatus, Bumont, Diet. Sc. Nut. iv. p. 65, pi. 28 (1806),
ex Levaill.

Bucco nigrithorax, Cuv. Regne An. p. 428 (1817).

Pogonias personatus, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 201 ( 182.3) ; Waffl. Syst.
Av. Pogonias, sp. 3 (1827) ; Cuv. Regne An. p. 458 (1829) ; Less.
Traite, p. 160 (1831).

Pogonias nigrithorax, Cuv. Regne An. p. 458 (1829) ; Bp. Consp. Av.
i. p. 14-j (18.50).

Laimodon nigrithorax, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 428 (1846) ; Bp. Consp .
Vol. Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. -325 ; Gurnei/, Ibis,
1862, p. 32 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 233 (1867) ; id. Ibis, 1871,
p. 226.

Pogonorhynchus torquatus, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bns, Buccones, p. 4
(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 2 (1868, pt.) ; id. Iland-l.
B. ii. p. 172, no. 8422 (1870) ; Marshall, Mon. Capit. p. 19, pi. 10
(1871); Buckleu, Ibis, 1874, p. .367 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 82 ;
Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 200 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 296 ; Bocage,
Orn. Am/ola, p. ]06 (1881) ; Iloliih Si- von Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Siid-
afr. p. 161 (1882); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 248; Butler, Feilden, S(
Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 208 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 172,
811 (1884) ; Souza, Jorn. Lish. 1886, p. 158.
Pogonorliynclius nigrithorax. Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 328.
Laimodou leucomelas, Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 261.
Melanobucco torquatus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adtdt male. General colour above brown, finely and almost im-
perceptibly verraiculated witb wavy blackish lines, the lesser and
median wing- coverts like the back ; lower back and upper tail-
coverts washed with snlphur-yellow ; greater wing-coverts, bastard
wing, and primary-coverts uniform brown ; quills and tail-feathers
dark brown, edged externally with bright yellow, whiter on the
primaries ; crown of the head, sides of the face, cheeks, throat, and
fore neck vermilion ; the nape, hind neck, sides of neck, and upper
mantle black, as well as a broad collar extending from the sides of
the fore neck across the breast ; remainder of the under surface of
the body pale sulphur-yellow, more or less mottled, especially on the
flanks, with dull ashy vermiculations ; under wing-coverts and quill-
lining white : " bill black ; legs slaty brown ; iris reddish brown "
(G. E. S.). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 1, wing 3-5, tail 2-2,
tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 6-5
inches, culmen 0-95, wing 3-5, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-9.

Young. Much duller in colour than the adult, the entire head
being dingy purplish black, as also the throat and chest, with a little
scarlet on the throat and more on the sides of the face ; the upper
surface of the body much washed with yellow ; remainder of under
surface pale yellow, almost white in some specimens ; bill brown.

Hab. South Africa.

a. Juv. sk. South Africa. Sharpe Coll.

b,c. 6 2 ad. ; Eland's Post, July (J. C. At- Sharpe Coll.
rf. cJ juv, sk.. more).

3. MELANOBUCCO.

25

e,f. i 2 ad.

<7, h. $ ad. sk.
i. c?ad. sk.
A. c? juv. sk.
l-o. 5 ad. et

juv. sk.
p. cJ ad. sk.
q. $ ad. sk.

r. Ad. sk.
s, t. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

lu, X. (S 2 ad.

sk.
y. cJ ad. sk.

Eland's I'ost, May and June

(7'. C. Atmore).
Durban, Natal ( T. L. At/res).
Pine town, Natal ( T. L. Ay res).
Pinetown, May (?'. L. Ayre&).
Pinetowu, March {G. E. <S'.).

Transvaal, July ( T. E. Buckley) .

Swazi-Land, June ( T.E. Buck-
ley).

Rustenburg, E. Transvaal.

Zambesi River (Sir J. Kirk).

Tete, Zambesi {Sir J. Kirk).

Shupanga, Shire River {Sir J.
Kirk).

Caconda, Renguela, Feb., April
{J. Anchietu).

Quillengues, Jan. {J, Anchieta).

Tweeddale Coll.

Shelley Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.

Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.

F. A. Barratt, Esq. [P.].
]jiving8tone Expedition.
Livingstone Expedition.
Livingstone Expedition.

Shelley Coll.

Sharps Coll,

IL Melanobucco irroratus.

Poo-onorhynchus torquatus (nee Dum.), Scl. P.Z.S.lQQi, p. 112 ;
Finsch ^- Hart I. Vliq. Ost-Afr. p. 503 (1870) ; Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-
Afr. pp. 756, clix (1871) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 711.

Pogonorhynchus irroratus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, pp. 205, 239; Fischer
^ Reichen. t. c. p. 253 ; Fischer, j'.f. 0. 1879, pp. 283, 291 ; Gurney,
ibis, 1881, p. 128 ; Shellei/, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 593 ; Fischer, Zeitschr.
yes. Orn. i. p. 370 (1884) ; id. J.f. O. 1885, p. 125.

Melanobucco irroratus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. Similar to M. torquatus, but smaller and much more
coarsely vermiculatcd above, these vermiculatious extending over
the greater coverts and inner secondaries. The black is not so
extended over the mantle as in M. torqiiatus. The breast and abdo-
men are also pale yellow, with only some greyish mottling on the
flanks : " bill black ; feet greyish black ; iris reddish yellow-
brown " {G. A. Fischer). Total length G-5 inches, culmeu 0-9, wing
3'45, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-85.

Hah. Eastern Africa.

a-c. Ad. sk. Mombasa {Rev. J. Wakejield).

d. <f ad. sk. Mombasa.

e. S f>d. sk. Mombasa.

/. Ad. sk. Lamu {Sir J. Kirk).

g. Ad. sk. Melinda {Sir J. Kirk).

h. Ad.sk. Usambara Mountains (iS/r/.i'tVA).

i. Ad. sk. Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk).

k. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaaui {Sir J. Kirk).

I. Ad. sk. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk).

Sharpe Coll.

Br. J. Ilildebrandt

[C.].
Rev. A. F. Buxton

[■P-]-
Shelley CoU.
Shellev Coll.
Shellev Coll.
Shelley CoD.
Shelley CoU.
Shelley Coll.

26 CAPITONID^.

12. Melanobucco vieilloti.

Le Bartu Euticon, Levaill. Barbus, iii. Suppl. p. 43, fig. D (1807).
Pogonias vieilloti, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. pi. 97 (1815) ; Steph. in

Shmv's Gen. Zool. ix. p. 3 (1815) ; Hartl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 131 ;

Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 145 (1850) ; Hard. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 170 (1857).
Bucco fuscesceos, Vieill. N. Diet. (V Hist. Nat. iii. p. 241 (181G) ; id.

Enc. Meth. ii. p. 1421 (1823).
Pogonias rubescens, Te7nm. PI. Col. iii. Pogonias, sp. 5 (1823) ;

Wagl. Syst. Av., Pogonias, 5 (1827).
Pogonias senegalensis, Licht. Verz. Dmbl. p. 9 (1823) ; Swains. B.

W. Afr. ii. p. 168 (1837).
Pogonias rubicon, Cut\ Reijne Anim. p. 457 (1829).
Bucco personatus, Less. Traite, p. 160 (1831).
Laimodou vieilloti, liiq)p. Syst. Uebers. p. 95 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B.

ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Heuyl. Syst.

?7e6e/-s. p. 46 (1856); Verr.F.Z.S. 1859, p. 396; Antin. Cat.

descr. Ucc. p. 81 (1864).
Pogonorhynchus vieilloti, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 219 ; Heugl.

Ibis, 1861, p. 123 ; id. J. f. O. 1862, p. 36 ; Goffin, Mas. Pays-

Bas, Buccones, p. 6 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 4

(1868) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 193 ; Gray, Hund-l. B. ii. p. 173,

no. 8427 (1870); Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 21, pi. 11 (1870);

Antin. ^ Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 42 (1873) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874,

p. 54 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 559.
Melanobucco vieiUoti, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. General colour above dark brown, the feathers longitudi-
nally tipped with sulphur-yellow, before which is a subterminal
black shade ; rump entirely sulphur-yellow ; scapulars and wing-
coverts brown, with whitish shaft-lines ; the median series edged
with white, the greater coverts with pale brown ; quills blackish
brown, edged with sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts and tail-
feathers daik brown, edged with yellow; forehead scarlet; the hind
neck and sides of the neck blackish, with yellowish-white tips and
spots ; lores white ; sides of the face, ear-coverts, and cheeks scarlet ;
throat white, with scarlet ends to the feathers, some of those on the
sides of the breast edged with black, producing a mottled appear-
ance ; remainder of under surface of body pale sulphur-yellow, the
centre of the body scarlet ; the flanks dusky blackish, with yellow
tips to the feathers ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and quill-hning
white. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3-2, tail 1-7.5,
tarsus 0'8.

Young. Much more dingily coloured than the adult, and with less
scarlet on the head and throat, these parts being dusky brown, with
a few scarlet tips to the feathers.

Hab. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Niger, and across the
continent to Eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Senegal {d'Einville). Riocour Coll.

(Type of B. fiiscescens.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Senegal. Sharpe Coll.

d. Juv. sk. Dakar, Senegal. L. Laglaize [C.].

e,f. Ad. sk. Bathurst, River Gambia {Sir A. Shelley Coll.
Moloney).

3. IIELANOBUCCO. 27

<j. Juv. sk. Rufisque, Senegal (Z. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll.

h. Ad. sk. St. Louis, Senegal (Z. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Fantee, Nov. 25 (ZT. Sliarpe Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Yancoomassie {H. T. Blmett). Sharpe Coll.

m. Ad. sk. River Prah (H. T. Blissett). Slielley Coll.

n. (S ad. sk. Shonga, lliver Niger ( W. A. F.). Forbes Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Siiarpe Coll.

13. Melanobucco undatus.

I'ogonias undatus, liiipp. Neue Tfirb., Tog. p. 52, pi. 20. fig. 2 (183'5) ;

JJp. Consp. Av. i. p. 146 (1850).
Eucco undatus, De.s Murs in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss, p. 130 (1815).
Bucco undulatus, Des Murs in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss., Atlas, pi. 10.

fig. 2 (1845).
Laimodon undatus, Edpp. Si/st. Ucbers. p. 95 (1845) ; Gray, Gen.B.

ii. p. 422 (1846) ; Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 46 (1856).
Pogonorhynchus undatus, Heugl. Ibis, 1861, p. 123; Gvffin, Mus.

Pays-Bas, Buecones, p. 8 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. in Brit. Mus.

p. 3(1869); id. Hund-l. B. ii. p. 173, no. 8424 (1870); Blanf.

Geol. 4- Zool. Abyss, p. 310 (1870) ; Finsch, Tr. Z. 8. vii. p. 283

(1870): Heiujl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 757, clix (1871); Marshall,

Mon. Capit. p. 27, pi. 13 (1871) ; Antin. ^ Saluad. Viagg. Bogos,

p. 42 (1873) ; S'alvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 84 (1884).
Pogonorbvnchus squamatus, '■'■ Keugl.^' (ubi ?), Gray Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 173, no. 8430 (1870).
Melanobucco undatus, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. General colour above dusky, the mantle washed
with glossy blue-black and barred with white ; the rump and upper
tail-coverts barred and tipped with sulphur-yeUow ; wing-coverts
brown, edged with yellowish white ; quills and tail-feathers
brown, [margined with sulphur-yeUow ; forehead dark crimson ;
hinder crown and nape glossy blue-black ; above the ear-coverts a
broad streak of white ; sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and
chest glossy blue-black ; sides of fore neck, chest, and under surface
of body ashy white, washed with pale yellow on the abdomen and
under tail-coverts, and barred across with dusky blackish ; under
wing-coverts yellowish white ; quills ashy below, yellowish alono-
the inner web : " bill black ; feet lead-colour ; iris white " (0. Anti-
nori). Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 3-2, tail 1-9
tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 6-2
inches, culmen Q-S, wing 3-1, tail 1*9, tarsus 0-7.

Hub. North-eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Baron Laugier.

b,c.<S2 ad. Adigrat, Tigre, April 14. W. T. Blanfurd, Esa
sk. [C.]. ^'

d. d ad. sk. Rayrayguddy, May ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

e. cT ad. sk. Senafe, April 14 ( if\ Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
/. S ad. sk. Kokai, Aug. 9 ( W. Jesse). Sharpe Coll.

g. S ad- sk. Shoa, June 22 (O. Antinori). SLellev Coll.

28

CAPITONID^.

4. TRICHOL^MA. „

Type.
Tricholama, J. ^ E. Fen: J.f. O. 1855, p. 132 T. hirsutum.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. No red on the forehead, which is black or

browa Hke the crown.
a'. Larger ; abdomen yellow, spotted with

black hirsutum, p. 28.

b'. Smaller ; abdomen never yellow or with
black spots.
a". Eyebrow white.

a'" . Forehead brown, like the crown .... stiymatothoraj-, p. 29.
h'". Forehead black, like the crown.
a*. Mantle spotted with yellow ; no

black spots on the flanks tnelanocephaium, p. 30.

b^. Mantle black ; large ovate spots of

black on the flanks lachryynosutn, p. 31.

b". Fore part of eyebrow yellow affine, p. 31.

b. Forehead red.

c'. Throat black leuconielan, p. 31.

d'. Throat white.

c". No black spots on breast diadematum, p. 33.

d" . Breast spotted with black.

c'". Edges of quills and taU-feathers

straw-yellow * frontatum, p. 34.

d!". Edges of quills and tail-feathers sul-
phur-yellow * masaicum, p. 34. "'

1. Tricholaema hirsutum.

Pogonias hirsutus, Swains. Zool. Illustr. ii. pi. 72 (1821-22) ; id. B.

W.Afr. ii. p. 172 (1837); Bp. Comp. i. p. 145 (1850); Hartl.

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 172 (1857) ; Cass. Proc. I'hilad. Acad. 1859,

p. 140 ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 262; Sharpe, Ibis, 1800, p. 386.
Laimodon hirsutus, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846).
Trieholsema flavipunctata, J. Sf E. Verr. J. f. O. 1855, p. 102 ; id.

Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855, p. 555, pi. 14 ; Reichen. J. f. O. 1877,

Pogonorhynehus hirsutus, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 11
(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 5 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B.
ii. p. 173, no. 8431 (lf^70) ; Reichen. J.f. O. 1875, p. 48 ; Biittik.
Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 215 (1885), viii. p 263 (1886), x. p. 94
(1888).

Tricholjema hirsutum, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 15 (1871) ; id. P. Z. S.
1871, p. 605 ; Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 5, pi. 3 (1871) ; S?ielley
^ Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 287 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 74; Sharpe^
Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, iii. p. 78 (1878); Bocaye, Orn.
Angola, p. 539 (1881) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

* These characters are taken from Eeichenow's notes {I. c), as I have not
seen these two species.

4. TRICHOLiEMA. 29

Adult. General colour above glossy black, spotted with sulphur-
yellow ; the feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts edged with
yellow ; lesser and median wing-covcrts like the back and similarly
spotted with yellow ; the greater coverts, quills, and tail-feathers
black, edged with sulphur-yellow ; crown of head, lores, ear-coverts,
sides of neck, and throat black ; a broad white eyebrow from above
the eye to above the ear-coverts ; a second very broad band of white
along the cheeks ; remainder of under surface of body dull sulphur-
yellow ; the fore neck and chest longitudinally streaked with hair-
like lines of black ; the breast, abdomen, sides of body, flanks, thighs,
and under tail-coverts spotted with black, the spots being rounded
or ovate and rather larger on the flanks and under tail-coverts ;
under wing-coverts white, spotted with black : quills dusky below,
ashv white along the inner web : " bill black ; feet blackish grey ;
iris carmine " (./. BiiftiJcofer). Total length ~-4 inches, culmen 1-05,
wing 3'o, tail 1'8, tarsus 0-85.

? Voung or Adult female. Differs from the adult above described in
having the head spotted with yellow, the whole of the spots and the
yellow on the under surface being brighter and more golden yellow ;
the throat mottled with spots of hoary whitish or pale yellow.
Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 1, wing 3"5, tail 1"9, tarsus 0'85.

Hub. West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Congo.

a, h. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Denkera {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad.sk. Coomassie, Ashantee. Godfrey Lagden, Esq.

[P.].

/. Ad. sk. Abom-i, Aguapim, Feb. 22 (T. E. Shelley Coll.

Biwldey).

g, h. Juv. sk. Camaroons (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll.

i. Juv. sk. Gaboon (DuChailhi). Tweeddale Coll.

A;. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased.

2. Tricholaema stigmatothorax. (Plate II. fig. 1.)

Trichol.nema stigmatothorax, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, pp. 205, 240 ; Fischer,
Zeihchr. ges. Orn. i. p. 371 (1884) ; id. J. f. O. 1885, p. 125 ;
Shelleg, Ibis, 1885, p. .394.

Pogonorhynchus stigmatothorax, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 357.

Tricholaema stigmatothorax, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult female. Similar to T. nielanocepJialum, but brown instead
of black, the band along the sides of the head and the throat dis-
tinctly brown, as also the crown of the head : " bill black ; feet
lead-colour ; iris brown " (G. A. Fischer). Total length 4-4 inches,
culmen 0-6.5, wing 2-5, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-7.

Adult male. Differs only in plumage from the female in having
the feathers of the throat indistinctly tipped with white.

Hah. Eastern Africa.

a. 2 ad. sk. N'di, Teita, Feb. Dr. HUbebrandt [C.].

b. $ nd. sk. Ronga, March 26 {Dr. G. A. Shelley Coll.

Fischer).

c. cJ ad. sk. Kilimanjaro, July 3. H. C. V. Himter, Esq.

[P.].

30 CAPITONID^.

3. Tricholsema melanocephalum.

Pogonias melanoceplialus, Ci-etzschni. in Siipp. Atlas, p. 41, pi. 28.

fig. a (1827) ; Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 126.
Pogonias bifrenatus, Hempr. ^- Ehr. Symh. Phys. t. 8. fig. 2 (1828) ;

Temm. PL Col. iii. Pogouias, sp. 8 (182.3) ; Bp. Consp.Av. i. p. 145

(1850); Hartl J. f. O. 1854, p. 197; id. Om. W.-Afr. p. 171

(1857) ; Hem/l. J.f. O. 1802, p. 36.
Laimodon melauocephalus, Riipp. Si/st. Uehers. p. 05 (1845) ; Heugl.

Ibis, 1859, p. 343 ; id. J.f. O. 1861, p. 196.
Laimodon bifrenatus, Gray, Oen. B. ii. p. 429 (1845) ; Bp. Consp.

Vol. Z]i(j. p. 12 (1854) ; ■ FmwH/.r, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 396.
Pogonorhynchus bifrenatus, Heugl. Ibis, 1861, p. 123.
Pogonorhvncbus ruelaDOcephalus, Gojfin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones,

p. 10(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mm. p. 4 (1868) ; id. Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 173, no. 8426 (1870) ; Blanf. Geol. 8f Zool. Abyss, p. 310

(1870) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 282 (1870) ; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 31, pi. 15 (1870); Heugl. Orn. K.O.-Afr. pp. 758, c'lix

(1871) ; Antin. ^- Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 43 (1873) ; Bocage, Om.

Anyola, p. 107 (1881) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 86

(1884).
Tricbolaema melanocephalum, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. General colour above glossy blue-black, the head and hind
neck uniform, with no crimson on the forehead ; the back ornamented
with yellow tips to the feathers, the rump entirely yellow ; scapulars
black, externally edged with white ; lesser wing-coverts uniform
brown ; median and greater coverts, quills, and tail-feathers blackish,
edged with bright yellow, inclining to white at the ends of the
feathers ; lores, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts blue-black,
extending in a band along the sides of the neck ; a broad white
streak from above the eye to the sides of the hinder neck ; another
broad band of white along the cheeks ; throat black, narrowing on
the fore neck ; sides of the fore neck and chest and remainder of
under surface of body white, with a slight tinge of yellow along the
middle of the abdomen ; sides of the body, thighs, and under tail-
coverts slightly mottled with blackish bases to the feathers ; imder
wing-coverts and quill-lining white : " bill black ; feet dusky lead-
colour ; iris umber-brown" (Heurjlin). Total length 5'3 inches,
culmen 0-65, wing 2-6, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-75.

Hah. North-eastern Africa, ranging across to Senegambia.

a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell [C.].

b. 2 ad. sk. Abyssinia (Esler). Sharpe Coll.

c. j ad. sk. Eairo, Bogos-Land ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Ailat, Bogos-Land, June 6. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
e,f. Ad. sk. Demben, Bogos-Land (Esler). Shai"pe Coll.

g, h. Ad. sk. Demben {Esler). Shelley Coll.

4. TRTCnOL.tMA. 31

4. TricholaBma lachrymosum.

Tricholsema lachrymosa, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, pp. 205, 240 ; Bohm,
J.f. O. 1883, p. 167; Schalow,'f. c. p. 340; Fischer, Zeitschr. (/es.
Orn. i. p. 371 (1884) ; id. J.f. O. l88o, p. 125 ; Reichen. J. f. O.
1887, p. 59.

Pogonorhynclms lachrymosus, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 42.

Tricholffima lachrymosum, Shelley, ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. Similar to T. mehinocephrtlum and equally black,
but distinctly and numerously spotted with black underneath, the
spots being terminal and ovate in shape : " bill and feet black ; iris
brown" {&'. A. Fischer): "iris clear grey " (i2. Bohm). Total
length 4-8 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 2*7, tail l-o, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 5-5
inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2'6, tail 1-8, tarsus 0*6.

Hah. From the Zanzibar district of Eastern Africa to Equatorial
Africa.

a. 2 ad. sk. Kitui, Ukamba, June. Dr. Hildebrandt [C.l.

b. S ad. sk. Simbaveni, Aug. 11 {Dr. R. Shelley Coll.

Fiolnn).

c. </. d"; e. 2 Wadelai, July. Emin Pasha [P.].

ad. sk.

5. Tricholsema affine. (Plate IT. fig. 2.)

Pogonorhvnchus affinis, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 680 ; Sharpe, ed.

Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 811 (1884).
Tricholaema afBne, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 476.

Adult female (type of species). Similar to T. melanocephalum, and
with no crimson on the forehead, but larger, with the yellow spots
on the back smaller, and having the sides of the body longitudinally
spotted with black. Total length 5-S inches, culmen 0-65, wing
3*lo, tail 1-8, tarsus Owo.

Hab. South-eastern Africa.

a. 2 ad. sk. Weenen, Natal, March 15 ( TT. ^rnoW). Shelley Coll.

(Type of species.)

b. S ad. sk. Hopetown (T. C. Ahnore). "Sharpe Coll.

6. Tricholaema leucomelan.

Le Barbu de I'isle de Lu^on, Sonnerat, Voy. Xouv. Gain. p. 68, pi. 34

(1776).
Le Barbu a gorge noire, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 103 (1780, ex

Sonn.) ; Levaill. Barhus, ii. pp. 66, 68, 71, pis. 29, 30, 31 (1806).
lie Barbu a plastron noir, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 104 (1780).
Le Barbu du Cap de Bouue Esperance, Daitbent. PL Enl. vii. pi. 688.

fig. 3.
Black-throated Barbet,i«^A. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 501 (1782).
Bucco leucomelas, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 43 (1783).
Trogou luzonensis. Scop. Del. Fl. et Faun. Inxiibr. ii. p. 89 (1786).
Bucco niger, Gm. Sys/. Nat. i. p. 407 (1788) ; Stepke?is in Shaw's Gen.

Zool. ix. p. 30 (1815) ; Vieill. N. Diet. d'Kist. Nat. iii. p. 242

(1816).

32

CAPITONID^.

Bucco rufifrons, Stephens, op. cit. ix.p. 31 (1815).

Pogonias stephensii, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. p. 145, pi. 116 (1815).

Pogonias niger, Te^nm. PI. Col. iii. Pogonias, sp. 6 (1823) ; Wagl.

Syst. Av. Pogonias, sp. 6 (1827) ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 145

(1850).
Pogonias unidentatus, Licht. Verz. Vog. Kaffernl. p. 17 (1842).
Laimodon leucomelas, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. '429 (1846) ; Layard, B.

S. Afr. p. 232 (1867).
Laimodon unidentatus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp.

Vol. Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. .395 ; Layard, B. S.

Afr. p. 233 (1867).
Pogonias leucomelas, Strickl. ^- Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 155 ; Mont.

P. Z. S. 1865, p. 95.
Lajmodon niger, Grill, Zool. Anteckn. pp. 11, 44 (1859).
Pogonorhynchus leucomelas, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 7

(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mm. p. 3 (1868) ; id. Iland-l. B.

ii. p. 173, no. 8425 (1870) ; Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 23, pi. 12

(1870); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. i;^. 15 (1871); Gurney in Anderss.

B. Dam.-Ld. p. 217 (1872) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 367 ; Ban-att,

Ibis, 1876, p. 200; Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 342, 1879, p. 296 ; Bocage,

Orn. Angola, p. 107 (1881) ; Sharpe in Oates' Matabele-Land,

App. B, p. 305 (1881); id. ed. Layard' s B. S. Afr. pp. 173, 811

(1884) ; Souza, Jorn. Lisb. 1886, p. 158.
Pogonorhynchus niger, Holub * von Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Siidafr. p. 161

(1882).
Tricholc-ema leucomelan, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, the feathers
longitudinally tipped with bright yellow ; rump-feathers very long
and entirely yellow ; upper tail-coverts blue-black, tipped with
yellow ; scapulars blue-black, externally white ; lesser wing-coverts
black, spotted with white ; median series black, with longitudinal
tips of bright j'ellow : greater series margined near the ends of the
outer web with yellow or white, the innermost tipped and edged
with white along the inner web also ; quills and tail-feathers black,
broadly edged with sulphur-yellow, becoming white towards the
ends ; crown of head uniform blue-black, with a broad frontal band
of crimson ; the base of the forehead, cheeks, lores, eyelids, and ear-
coverts black, extending to the sides of the neck : a broad eyebrow of
pale sulphur-yellow, passing into white along the sides of the hinder
neck ; feathers below the eye and cheek, sides of the neck and under
surface of body white ; throat and fore neck glossy blue-black ; sides
of the body, thighs, and under tail-coverts slightly mottled with
blackish bases to the feathers ; under wing-coverts and quill-lining
white : " bill dark brownish horn-colour ; feet and toes slaty brown ;
iris umber-brown " (Andersson). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-8,
wing 3-3, tail 2-05, tarsus 0*8.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 5-7
inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-85.

Young. Much duller in colour than the adult, and differs also in
having longitudinal black spots on the sides of the body.

flab. Southern Africa, to the Matabele Country on the east and
to Benguela on the west.

4. TRICHOL^MA,

33

a-c. Ad. et juv.

sk.
d, e. Juv. sk.
/. (S ad. sk.
ff. $ ad. sk.

h. (J ad. sk.
i, k. 5 ad. sk.

I. 2 ad. sk.

m. c? juv. sk.

n. c? ad. sk.

o. Ad.sk.

p. Ad. sk.

q, r. (S $ ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.

t. Ad.sk.

u. Ad. sk.
t). Ad. sk.

South Africa.

Cape Colony ( Verreau.r).
Ilopetown (T. C. Atmore).
Swazi-Land, July 22 (T. E.

Buckle]/).
Transvaal (T. Ayres).
Transvaal, July 10 {T. E.

Buckley^.
Pretoria, June 24 {F. Oaf.es).

Marie 0.

Tati, Matabele-Land, Sept. 3

{T. E. Buckley).
Tati, Oct. 6 [F. Oates).

Makalaka Country {Dr. Brad-
shmo).

Otjiinbinque, Damara-Land,
June, July (C. J. Anders-
son).

Otjimbinque, Aug. 4 (C J.
Andersson) .

Ondonga, Jan. 25 (C. J.
Andersson).

Benguela (/. /. Monteiro).

Beng-uela.

Sir A. Smith [C.].

Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.

Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.

W. E. &C. G.(

Esqrs. [P.].
F. A. Barratt, Esq.

[P.].
Shelley Coll.

W. E. & C. G. Oates,

Esqrs. [P.].
Shelley Coll.

Sharpe Coll.

SheUey CoU.

Sharpe Coll.

Sharpe Coll.
Monteiro Coll.

7. Tricholaema diadematum.

Laemodon diadematus, Hexujl. Syst. Uebers. p. 47 (1856).

Pogonorhynchus diadematus, Heugl. Ibis, 1861, pp. 124, 126, pi. v.
tig. .3 ; Oqffin, Mm. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 9, note (1863) ; Gray,
List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 4 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 173, no.
8429 (1870) ; Saload. Atti R. Accad. Torino, 1870, p. 744; Heugl.
Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 759, clix, pi. 27. fig. 3 (1871); Marshall,
Monoyr. Capit. p. 29, pi. 14(1871) ; Pelz. ISitz. zool.-hot. Ges. Wien,
xxxi. p. 615 (1881), xxxii. p. 510 (1882) ; SheUey, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 41,

Pogonias diadematus, HartL Abhandl. not. Verein. Bremen, vii. p. 112
(1881).

Tricholsema diadematum, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult male. Similar to T. leucomelan, but distinguished by the
absence of the black throat, the whole of the under surface of the
body being white, with an ochreous tinge : " bill and feet dusky
lead-colour ; iris chestnut " {Heuglin). Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0*7, wing 3, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*7.

Hah. Equatorial Africa.

a, b. S ad. sk. Lado, Equatorial Africa, June 25

{Emin Pasha).
c. cJ ad. sk. Lado, March 3.

SheUey CoU.
Emin Pasha [P.].

34 CAPITONID^.

8. Tricholsema frontatum.

Pogonorhyuchus frontatus, Cab. J.f. O. 1880, p. 351, Taf. ii. fig. 1 ;

Bocage, Orn. Ajigola, p. 539 (1881).
Tricholeema frontatum, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Similar to T. diaclematum, but distinguished by the bhick spots on
the under surface (Cabanis).
Hah. Angola.

9. Tricholsema masaicum.

PogODorhynchus frontalis (iiec Cab.), Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i.

p. 370 (1884).
Poo-onorhynchus massaicus, Reichen. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 59.

Adult male. Similar to T. frontatum, but -with the lanceolate-
shaped streaks on the back and wing-coverts as well as the edges of
the wings and tail-feathers sulphur-yellow instead of straw-yellow ;
under surface washed with isabelline ; the black spots on the under
surface smaller and not rounded, but longitudinal ; breast-feathers
with yellow spots. Total length 5-3 inches, wing 3-1, tarsus 0-85.

Hah. Masai-Land.

5. GYMNOBUCCO. ^^^^

Gymnobucco, Bp. Consp. i. p. 141 (18o0) G. calvus.

Gymnocranus, Heine, J. f. O. 1860, p. 191 G. calvus.

Range. Confined to Africa.

1. Gymnobucco calvus.

Bucco calvus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 241.

Megalaima calva, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; id. List Capit.

Brit. 3Ius. p. 16 (1868); Griffin, Mus. Pai/s-Bas, Buccones, p. 49

(1863) ; Gra,/, Haricl-l. B. ii. p. 176, no. 8476 (1870).
Gymnobucco calvus, Bp. Consp.i. p. 141 (18-50) ; Hartl. J. f. O. 18-54,

p. 195 ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 174 (1857) ; Ca-^s. Proc. Acad. Philad.

1&59, p. 140; Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 262; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 136, pi. 54 (1871) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 16 (1871);

id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 606 ; Shelley ^- Buckley, His, 1872, p. 287 ;

Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 55; Reichen. J.f. O. 1875, p. 8; Bocage,

Orn. Angola, p. 540 (1881) ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii.

p. 217 (1885), viii. p. 263 (1886), x. p. 95 (1888).
Gymnobucco peli, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 175 (1857) ; id. J. f. O.

1861, p. 263 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. "193; Reichen. J. f. 0. 1877,

p. 17.
Gymnocranus calvus, Heine, J.f. 0. 1860, p. 191 ; Reichen. J.f. O.

"1877, p. 17.
Gymnocranus peli, Heine, J.f. 0. 1860, p. 191.

Adult male. General colour above and below brown, with more

5. GYMXOBTJCCO. 35

or less distinct shaft-stripes of paler brown on the back and breast ;
quills and tail-featliers dark brown, with lighter brown edges ; head
bare, blue in life, with a few hoary hairs on the crown ; the throat-
feiithers brown like the under surface, with a tuft of straw-coloured
bristles on the chin : " bill yellowish brown ; feet blackish grey ;
ma dark" {A. Jieichetiow). Total length G-8 inches, culmen OSo'
wing 3-35, tail !•<), tarsus 0-85.

Adult female. Similar to the supposed male above described, but
having a smaller ttift of bristles on the chin, and a frontal tuft of
the same yellowish-brown bristles at the base of each nostril ; the
plumage both above and below is washed with olive. Total length
5-9 inches, culmen 0 75, wing 3-25, tail 1-65, tarsus 0-75.

^Joimq. Distinguished by its dingy reddish brown, almost black,
bill, the base of the lower mandible alone being reddish horn-colour.
The head is nearly covered with brown feathers like the back.

It is curious that, since Messrs. C. & G. Marshall wrote their
' Monograph ' and came to the conclusion that G. calvus and G-'.peZi
were sexes of the same species, the question has not yet been satis-
factorily settled. Mr. R. B. Sharpe in 1871 suggested that the two
species might after all be distinct, and he pointed out that the biU
m so-called G. calvus was always larger than that of G. peli, but
the controversy has never been advanced since that date, though a
large series has been gathered together in the British Museum. I
cannot believe, however, that two distinct species can always occur
side by side in every part of Africa inhabited by G. calvus, and I
therefore believe G. peli to be one of the sexes, though whether it
be the adult male, as I presume it to be, or the female, I cannot yet
determine. The young bird shows no sign of frontal tufts, and if,
therefore, after the rule of most birds, the young resembles the old
female, which also lacks the frontal tufts, then G. cahms will be
the old female, and G.peli, with its well-developed frontal tufts will
be the old male, notwithstanding its smaller bill. Two males' and
a female from the Congo bear out this theory, but a fourth bird is
marked female and yet has frontal tufts. There may, however, have
been some mistake in sexing this specimen.

Hah. West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo.

a. Ad. sk. Fantee. Tweeddale Coll

6,c,c?. Ad.etjuv. F&niee (Auhinn). Sharpe Coll.

e-h. Ad. ; I m, Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

n. .luv. sk. '■

0, p. Ad. sk. EnimiU, Wasa Province (H. F

Blksett).

q, r, s. Ad. sk. Denkera {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll

t. Ad. sk. Abouri, Aguapim, Feb. 21 {T.E. Shelley Coll.

Buckley).

u. Ad. sk. Camarooiis, Feb. 4 {A. Crosslei/). Sharpe CoU.

V, w. d' ad. ; .r, Landaua, Congo. ' L. Petit [CI

y. 9 ad. sk.

1)2

36 CAPITONID^.

6. HELIOBUCCO. „

Type.

Gymnobucco, aud. {nee Bp.) H. bonapartii.

Heliobucco, Skelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Range. Confined to AVest Africa.

1. Heliobucco bonapartii.

Gymnobucco bonapartii, Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 410; Verr. J.f. O.

'1855, p. 102; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 175 (1857); Marsh.

Monorjr. Capit. p. 137, pi. 65 (1871) ; Omtalet, Nouv. Arch. Mus.

(2), Bxdl. p. 64 (1879j ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii.

p. 432 (1884).
Barbatiila fuliginosa, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1855, p. 324.
Gymnobucco fuliginosa, C'«ss. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1859, p. 140;

Oustalet, N. Arch. Mais. (2) ii. p. 67 (1879).
Gymnocranus bonapartii, Heine, J.f. O. 1860, p. 191.
Gymnocranus fuliginosus, Heine, J.f. O. 1860, p. 191.
Megalaima bonapartii, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 51, note

(1863) ; Gray, Li^t Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 16 (1868) ; id. Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 176, no. 8478 (1870).
Heliobucco bonapartii, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 476.

Adult. Brown, with the head always feathered, and the back and
breast always distinctly streaked with mesial stripes of yellowish
white ; the head washed with olive-yellow and the throat ashy grey ;
"bill horn-black, clearer on the sides; feet dark brown" {A.
Reichenoiu). Total length 5"5 inches, culmen 0"7, wing 3-1, tail
1*65, tarsus 0"75.

Younc/. Like the adult, but with the bill yellow at the base
of both mandibles ; the streaks on the upper and under surface
obsolete, both washed with olive.

JIab. West Africa, from the Camaroons to the Congo, and across
the continent to the Niam-Niam Country.

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

b,c. Ad.sk. Gahoon (Diichnilhi). Sharpe Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Camma River, Gaboon {Duchaillu). Tweeddale Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Sassa, Niam-Niam Country, Oct. F. Bohndorff [C.].

7. SMILORHIS.

bmilorbis, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 75 (18/2) S. leucotis.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Lower part of back dark brown ; mantle and back

light brown leucotis, p. 37.

6. Lower back and rump white; mantle and upper

back blackish kilimensis*, p. 37.

* Smilorliis bocagii A. Souza, Jorn. Lisb. xliii. p. 1.58 (1886), seems to be
nearly allied to the East-African bird.

7. SMILOEHIS.

1. Smilorhis leucotis.

Megalsema leucotis, Sundev. CEfv. K. Vet.-Akad. Stockh. 1850, p. 109 ;

Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 74 (1854).
Megalaima leucotis, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p, 48 (1863) ;

Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 234 (1867) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus.

p. 16 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 176, no. 8475 (1870) ; Finsch ^

Hard. Vdy. Ost-Afr. p. 505 (1870).
Barbatula leucotis, Marsh. Monogr. Capit. p. 131, pi. 52 (1871) ;

Gurney, Ibis, 1873, p. 255.
Smilorhis leucotis, Simdev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 75 (1872) ; Sharpe,

ed. Layard's B. tS. Afr. p. 177 (1884).

Adult male. General colour above light brown on the mantle,
upper back, and scapulars, the feathers edged with pale fawn-brown
or buff; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, the sides
of the lower back white ; wing-coverts and quills brown, blackish
towards the ends and oa the outer web ; tail-feathers blackish
brown ; head and hind neck black, with glossy black shafts ; a broad
white band from behind the eye extending to the sides of the neck ;
sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and chest blackish, the
latter rather paler brown, especially on the sides ; breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts white ; sides of body blackish, some of the
feathers white-edged ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries white ; quills dusky below, white along the inner web : " bill
and feet black " (J. Waldherg). Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-8,
wing 2-45, tail 1'85, tarsus 0*9.

Hah. South-eastern Africa, from Natal to Mozambique.

a. $ ad. sk. Natal, Nov. 8 (J. Wahlbery). Sharpe Coll.

2. Smilorhis kilimensis.

Megalfema leucotis {iiec Sund.), Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 371

(1884); id. J.f. O. 1885, p. 125.
Barbatula leucotis {7iec Sund.), Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 223; id.

P. Z. S. 1889, p. 357.
Smilorhis kilimensis, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 477.

Adult female. Similar to ^. leucotis, but blacker ; the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts white, or else the feathers dull brown,
externally white : " bill and feet black ; iris brown " (G. A. Fischer).
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0'8, wing 3-65, tail 2*12, tarsus 0-8.

Hah. lleplaces S. leucotis in East Africa.

a, b. Ad. sk. Kilimanjaro, 3000-GOOO ft. II. II. Johnston, Esq. [C.].

(Tvpes of species.)
c. $ ad. sk. Taveta, June. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. [P.],

38 _ CAPITONIDiE.

8. BAEBATULA. „

Type.

Barbatula, Less. Compl. Buff. ix. p. 292 (1837) B. erythronota.

Xylobucco, Bp. Consp. i. p. 141 (1850) B. scolopace.a.

Buccaiiodon, Terr, in Hartl.Orn. TV.-Afr. p. 171 (1857). B. duchaillui.

Cladurus, Reichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 17 B. duchaillui.

Lignobucco, Reichen. J.f. O. 1887, p. 3 B. scolopacea.

Ranc/e. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Forehead red or yellow ; mantle black, mottled

or streaked with yellow or white.

a'. Throat black diuluiillui, p. 38.

b'. No black on throat.

a". Fure part of crown crimson.
a'". Rump sulphur-yellow.

a*. Larger ; streaks on hind neck and

mantle yellowish pusilla, p. 3D.

b*. Smaller ; streaks on hind neck and
mantle white.

«5. Breast pale green minuta, p. 40.

6\ Breast sandy buff affinis, p. 41.

b'". Rump orange uropygialis, p. 41.

h" . Fore part of crown orange-yellow.

C'"'. Smaller : under surface yellow, the

throat like the breast chrysocoma, p. 42.

d'". Larger: throat greenish yellow, con-
trasting with the sandy-brown chest . . extoni, p. 43.

b. Forehead black like the rest of the crown and

mantle.

c'. Rump crimson erythronota, p. 43.

d'. Rump yellow.

c". Eyebrow and cheek-stripe white.

e'" . Larger : rump orange ; wing-coverts

and quills edged with sulphur-yellow . bilineata, p. 44.
f". Smaller : rump orange, as also the

edges of the wing-coverts and quills . . chrysopyga, p. 45.
g'". Smaller: rump, as also the edges of the
wing-coverts and quills, sulphur-
yellow leucol(ema, p. 45.

d''. Eyebrow and cheek-stripe yellow like the

throat substdphurea, p. 46.

c. Fnrehead dark brown like the rest of the upper

parts, with yellow edges to the feathers scolopacea, p. 47.

1. Barbatula duchaillui.

Barbatula duchaillui, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1855, p. 324, 1859,

p. 140 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 193.
Barbatula formosa, Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1865, p. 218, pi. 5.
Pogonias duchaillui, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 171 (1857) ; id. J. f. O.

1861, p. 263.
Buccanodon duchaillui, Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 397 ; Bouvier, Cat.

Oi.s. Marche Sfv. p. 29 (1875).

8. BAEBATULA. 39

Megalaima duchaillui, Goffin, Mm. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 39 (1863) ;

Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 13 (1868) ; id. H.and-1. B. ii.

p. 175, no. 8464 (1870) ; Biittik. Notes Le.yden Mus. vii. p. 216

(1885).
Xylobucco duchaillui, Marshall, Monoqr. Capit. p. 113, pi. 46 (1870) ;

Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 15 (1871) ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 606;

Shelley ij- Buckley, Bus, 1872, p. 207 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 55 ;

Oustalet, Nonv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. BuU.^.Q'i [ISIQ) ; Bocaye, Orn.

Anyola, p. 540 (1881) ; Giylioli, Ibis, 1881, p. 200.
Megalteiua duchaillui, Reichen. J.f. O. 1875, p. 8.
Cladurus duchaillui, Reichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 17.
Pogonorhynchus duchaillui, Salcad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 85

(1884).

Adult. General colour above glossy blue-black, spotted with yellow
on the back and scapulars ; the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts barred with yellow at the ends of the feathers ; wing-coverts
like the back, the median and lesser coverts tipped with yellow, the
greater coverts edged with yellow towards the end of the outer web ;
bastard-wing, primarj^-coverts, and quills black, edged with yellow
near the ends of the outer web, more broadly on the inner second-
aries ; tail-feathers black ; crown of head glossy blue-black, without
any yellow spots ; forehead crimson ; lores bare ; a broad yellow eye-
brow, extending from above the eye down the sides of the neck ; sides
of the face, ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and fore neck uniform glossy
blue-black ; remainder of under surface of bod)' yellow, mottled with
black bases to the feathers, which are really black, broadly tipped
with yellow: under wing-coverts white with a tinge of j'cllow ; quills
below dusky, yellowish white along the inner edge ; " bill black ; iris
brown" {Crossle7j). Total length 6'3 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3,
tail I'S, tarsus 0"75.

Young. Differs from the adult in the entire forehead and crown
K,eing black, in the almost entire absence of blue gloss, and in the
base of the bill being pale.

Hub. West Africa, from Liberia to the Gaboon.

a-c. Ad. ; d-h. F.antee (Aubinn). Sharpe Coll.

Juv. sk.

/, k. Ad. sk. Denkera {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

/. Imm.sk. Abouri, Aguapim, Feb. 22 {T. E. Shelley Coll.

Buckley) .

m. Ad. sk. Camaroon Mts., Feb. 4 {Crossley). Sharpe Coll.

n. Ad. sk. (Taboou ( Walker). Sharpe Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Moonda River, Gaboon (Z)«C7irti7ZM). Sharpe CoU.

2. Barbatula pusilla.

Le Barbion nude, Levaill. Barlms, p. 7-\, pi. 32 (1806).

Bucco pusillus, Dumunt, Diet. Sci. Nat. iv. p. 50 (1806, e.r ZemtY/.).

Bucco parvus (nee Gm.), Ciiv. Reyne An. p. 428 (1817).

Bucco rubrifrons, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. iv. p. 497 (1816).

Capito rubrifrous, Vieill. Enc. Mith. p. 1423 (1823).

Bucco barbatula, Temm. PL Col. iii. Bucco, spp. 18, 19 (1831).

40 CAPITONID^.

Bucco chrysoptera, Swai7is. An. in Menag. p. 322 (1837).

Barbatula parvus (nee Gm.), Hartl. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1842, p. 337.

Megalaima barbatula, Gray, Gm. B. ii. p. 430 (1846) ; Layard, B.
S. Afr. p. 2.34 (1867).

Barbatula pusilla, Bonap. Consp. Av. i. p. 144 (1850) ; id. Consp.
Vol Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Verr. P. Z. S. IboO, p. 399 (pt.) ; Marshall,
Monogr. C'apit. p. 117, pi. 48 (1871) ; 8harpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 16
(pt.) (1871) ; id. ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 175 (1884).

Barbatula minuta, Gurney, Ibis, 1864, p. 353.

Megalaima pusilla, Guffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 40 (pt.)
(1863) ; Gray, List (Japit. Brit. Mus. p. 14 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B.
ii. p. 176, no. 8466 (1870).

Megalsema barbatula, Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 372.

Adult male. Easily recognizable by its scarlet frontal patch and
sulphur-yellow rump ; lesser wing-coverts entirely black ; the stripes
on the back white, washed with greenish yellow ; throat and under
surface of body pale greenish yellow : " bill black ; feet greenish
ash; iris very dark brown" {T. Ayres). Total length 4-6 inches,
culmen 0*5, wing 2-4, tail 1-35, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 4-3
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-35, tail 1-35, tarsus 0'65,

Hab. Confined to South Africa.

a,b. dad.; c,d. Eland's Post, S.E.Africa (7'. C. Sliarpe Coll.

5 ad. sk. Atmore).

c-^. Ad.sk. Durban, Natal ((?o;%e). Shelley Coll.

Ji. 2 ad. sk. Pinetown, Natal, May 12 {T. L. Shelley Coll.

Ayres).

i. $ ad. sk. Pinetown, Feb. Q {T. L. Ayres). Seebohm Coll.

3. Barbatula minuta.

Barbatula minuta, Bp. Co7isp. Av. i. p. 144 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Rartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 173 (1857).
Barbatula pusilla {nee Burmnf), Heugl. Ibis, 1861, p. 124; Blanf.

Geol. Sf Zool. Abyss, p. 311 (1870) ; iSharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 16 (pt.)

(1871) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 87 (1884).
Megalaima pusilla, Gi>ffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 40 (pt.)

(1863).
Megalaima pusilla, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 762, clx (1870);

Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 282 (1870).

Adult nicde. Similar to B. pusilla, and having a scarlet frontal
patch, but smaller, and distinguished by the white stripes on the
back, without any yellow tinge : " bill black ; feet leaden blackish ;
iris dusky " (Htiujlin). Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-5, Aving
2-15, tail \ -25, tarsus 0-45.

Adidt female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 4
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-25, tail 1-25, tarsus 0-5.

Hah. North-east Africa, across to Senegambia.

a. (5 ad. sk. Undid Wells, Abyssinia, April. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

b. ? ad. sk

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

8. BARBATCLA.

Mayen, Abyssinia, Jan. 23.

Kokai, Bopfos-Land ( W. Jesse).
Waliko, J uly ( W. Jesse).

41

W.T. Blanford.Esq-

[C.].
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

4. Barbatula aflBinis.

Barbatula uropvgialis {nee Heugl), Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 240.
EarbatLda afiinis, lieichmi. Orn. CentralbL 187^, p. 114; id.J.f. O.

187y. p. 342; Fischer, Zeitschr. r/es. Orn. i. p. 371 (1884) ; id. J.f.

O. 1885, p. 124 ; Reichen. J.f. O. 1887, p. o9 ; Shellei/, Ibis, 1888,

p. 296; id. P. Z.S. 1889, p. 357.

Adult male. Similar to B. minuta, and ■with a scarlet frontal
patch and white streaks on the back, but differing in the colour of
the under surface, which is pale greenish with a white throat, fol-
lowed by a fulvescent fore neck and throat : " bill and feet black ;
iris brown" {G. A. Fischer). Total length 3*5 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 2-15, tail 1-2, tarsus 0*6.

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 3*6
inches, culmen 0'45, wing 1-9, tail 1*1, tarsus 0"5.

Hab. East Africa.

«. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam {F. C. Hu.iton). Shelley Coll.

b, c. $ ad. sk. Manda Island, Nov. 12. F. J. Jackson, Esq.

[P.].
d, e. d ad. sk. Teita, Aug. 26. H. C. V. Hunter,

Esq. [P.].
/. Ad. sk. Useri River, July 15. H. C. V. Hunter,

Esq. [P.].

5. Barbatula uropygialis.

Barbatula pusilla (pt.), Ileui/l. Ibis, 1861, p. 124.

Barbatula uropygijilis, Heugl. J.f 0. 1862, p. 37 ; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 121, pi. 49. fig. 1 (1871) ; Antin. ^- Salvad. Viagg. Bogos,

p. 43 (1873).
Megalaima uropygialis, Goffin, Mtts. 'Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 42

(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 14 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 176, no. 8470 (1870) ; Heuql. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 761, clix,

tab. xxviii. (1871) ; Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 240.

Adult. Of small size ; forehead scarlet on a yellow ground ; patch
on rump fiery red, slightly varied with black ; abdomen whitish,
washed with pale sulphur-yellow ; under tail-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; bill blackish ; feet dusky black ; iris dusky. Total length
4 inches, culmen about 5'", wing 1" l"'-2", tail 1" 3§"', tarsus 6'".
{^Heuijlin.^

Hah. rsorth-eastcrn Africa, extending to tlie Mombasa district
iu East Africa.

42 CAPITONID^.

6. Barbatula chrysocoma.

Bucco chrvsocoma, Tetmn. PL Col. iii. pi. 536. fig. 2 (1823) ; Hartl.

Rev. et 'Mag. Zool. 1842, p. 337.
Bucco parvus, var.. Less. Traite, p. 16-5 (1831).
Barbatula chrvsocoma, Rupp. 8ijst. Uebers. p. 95 (1845) ; Bp. Consp.

Av.i.^. 145 (1850); Hartl. J.f. O. 1854, p. 19(5; Hetigl. Si/st.

Uebers. p. 47 (1856) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 173 (1857) ; Verr.

T.Z.8. 1859, p. 398; Heugl. Ibis, 1861, p. 124; Antin. Cat.

descr. Ucc. p. 82 (1864) ; Skarpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 4S5 ; Marshall,

Monoffr. Capit. p. 119, pi. 49 (1871) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 16

(1871) ; Ussher. Ibis, 1874, p. 55 ; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Gesellsoh. Wim,

xxxi. p. 153 (1881); Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, viii.

p. 209 (1883) ; Shelley, F. Z. S. 1888, p. 42.
Megalaima chrysocoma. Gray, Geti. B. ii. p. 430 (1846) ; Goffin,

Mus. I'ays-Bas, Buccones, p. 41 (1863) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 176, no. 8467 (1870).
Bucco aurifrons, Heuyl. J.f. O. 1867, p. 300 (e.r Pr. von Wiirt.

MS8.).
Megalsema chrysocoma, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 760, clix

(1871).

Adult male. General colour above yellowish white, streaked with
dusky black, the feathers being white, edged with black, the black
■ edging being especially broad and distinct on the hind neck ; lower
back and upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow ; lesser and median
wing-coverts golden yellow, or black with golden-yellow edges ;
greater coverts blackish, with white or yellowish-white margins ;
bastard-wing and primary-coverts blackish ; quills blackish, edged
with golden yellow, the inner secondaries rather broadly so with
white ; tail-feathers blackish, edged with sulphur-yellow ; crown of
head like the hind neck and similarly striped ; a large frontal
patch of golden yellow ; a narrow line across the base of the forehead
joined to another line which skirts the sides of the crown, black ;
lores, eyebrow, and a streak under the eye white, followed by a
black band along the ear-coverts ; cheeks white, separated from the
throat by a broad black stripe ; throat and under surface of body
pale yellow, inclining to sulphur-yellow on the under tail-coverts ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries, as well as the quill-lining, white:
"bill blackish ; feet dusky leaden colour; iris dusky" (Hevglin).
Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-1, tail 1-12, tarsus 0-5.

Advlt female (Kibiro : Emin Pasha). Similar to the male in
plumage. Total length 4'7 inches, culmen 0"5, wing 2*35, tail 1"25,
tarsus 0'55.

Not only is this specimen from Kibiro larger than those from
West Africa, but it appears to be more sulphur-yellow underneath,
and to have the upper tail-coverts black, edged with yellow, whereas
in true B. chrysocoma they are yellow like the rump. I do not like,
however, to separate the two birds without examining a larger
series.

Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Gold Coast, and North-
east Africa to the Equatorial Region.

8. BAKBATULA. -- " -- 43

a. (S ad. sk. Casamanse, Senegambia. Sharpe Coll.

b. Ad. sk. River Volta (H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Sharpe Coll.

d. 2 ad. sk. Kibiro, Equatorial Africa, Oct. 9. Emin Pasha [P.].

7. Barbatula extoni.

Megalaima chrysocoma {nee Temm.), Gray, List Cupit. Brit. Mus.

p. 14 (1868).
Barbatula extoni, Layard, Ibis, 1871, p. 22(} ; Sharjie, Cat. Afr. B.

p. 10 (1871) ; Ay res, Ibis, 1879, p. 29(J ; Ilolub i^ Pelz. Beitr. Orn.

Sddafr. p. 162 '(1882) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 248; Ay res, Ibis,

1884, p. 226 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 176, 811 (1884).
Barbatula chrysocoma, Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 109 (1881).

Adidt male (type of species). Similar to B. chrysocoma, and with
the same golden-yellow patch on the forehead, but larger, and dis-
tinguished by the dingy olive-yellow under surface, against which
the sulphur-yellow throat stands out conspicuously : " bill black ;
tarsi and feet dusky brown ; iris dusky umber" {T. Ay res). Total
length 4-6 inches, culmen 0'5, wing 2-5, tail 1'35, tarsus 0'6.

Adult femcde. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 4
inches, culmen O'Oo, wing 2'4, tail 1'3, tarsus 0'6.

Hab. South-eastern Africa.

a cJ ad. sk. Transvaal ( Wahlberg). Sharpe Coll.

b. (^ ad. sk. Magaliesberg Mts., Transvaal, Sharpe Coll.

Dec. m{T.Ayres).

c. c? ad. ; d, e. Rustenberg, Oct., Nov. [T. Shelley CoU.
2 ad. sk. Ay res).

f. iS ad. sk. Kanye, Matabele Country Sharpe Coll. (Type

{Zfr. Fj.vton). of species.)

//. (5 ad. sk. Kauye (/. S. Jameson). Shelley Coll.

/;. J ad. sk. Caconda, Beuguela, Nov. {J. Shelley Coll.

Anchieta).

8. Barbatula erythronota.

Le Barbion a dos rouge, Levaill. Barbus, p. 1.32, pi. 57 (1806).
Bucco erythronotus, Cuv. Reyne An. p. 428 (1817, ex Levaill.) ;

Tenun. PI. Col. iii. Bucco, sp. 20 (182:i).
Barbatula erythronota, Hartl. Rev. et May. Zool. 1842, p. 3.37.
Megalaima atrotiava. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p.'430 (1846) ; Gnffin, 3Ius.

Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 42 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus.

p. 14 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. ii. p. 176, no. 8471 (1870).
Barbatula atroflava, Bp. Consp. Ac. i. p. 145 (1850); Sfrickl. Contr.

Orn. 1861, p. 125; Verr. Rev. et May. Zool. 1851, p. 262; Hartl.

J. f. O. 1854, p. 196; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 12 (1854); Hartl.

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 172 (1857); Verr. P. Z.S. 1859, p. 398; Hurtl.

J. f. 0. 1861, p. 262 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 485; id. Cat. Afr. B.

p. 16 (1871) ; Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 1,36, pi. 50. fig. 1 (1871) ;

Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 55 ; Sharpe 4" Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool.

France, i. p. 311 (1876) ; Oustalet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull.

p. 127 (1879).
Megalsema atroflava, Biittik. Xoles Leyd. Mus. x. p. 95 (1888).

44 CAPITONID^.

Adult male. Glossy blue-black ; lesser wing-coverts like the back,
the median series broadly tipped with yellow, forming a band ;
greater coverts and secondaries black, narrowly edged with yellow
on the outer web ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries
entirely black ; lower back with a large patch of scarlet which hides
the black upper tail-coverts ; tail-feathers black, narrowly fringed
with yellow ; head like the back ; sides of face and ear-coverts also
blue-black, with the following markings : above the eye a narrow
streak of yellow ; behind the eye another streak of the same colour,
skirting the ear-coverts ; a broad streak of yellowish white runs
from the base of the nostrils to below the eye ; below the ear-
coverts a streak of bright yellow along the cheeks followed by a very
distinct malar band of black ; under surface of the body dull
greenish yellow ; uuder wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish white;
quills dusky blackish below, yellowish buff along the inner webs :
" bill black ; legs grey ; iris black " (J. Buttikofer). Total length
4*5 inches, culmen 0"55, wing 2'45, tail 1'2, tarsus 0"6.

Young. Only differs from the adults in being much duller in
colour, and in having the black of the upper parts washed with
yellow and the scarlet of the lower back much duller.

Hah. West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo.

a. Juv. sk.

Fantee {H. T, I7ssher).

Shai-pe Coll.

b. Juv. sk.

Yancoomassie, Gold Coast {H. F.
Blissett).

SheUey CoU.

c. Ad.sk.

Gaboon.

Sliarpe Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

Gaboon.

Shelley Coll.

e. c? ad. sk.

Landana, Congo {Dr. Lucan).

Slielky CoU.

9. Barbatula bilineata. (Plate III. fig. 2.)

Megalrema bilineata, Snndev. CEfv. K. Vet.-AJcad. Stockk. 1850,

p. 109.
Megalaima bilineata, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 43 (1863) ;

Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 234 (1867 ) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus.

p. 15 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p.' 176, no. 8472 (1870).
Barbatula bilineata, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 125, pi. 50. fig. 2

(1870) ; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. p. 176 (1884) ; W. Ayres,

Ibis, 1887, p. 52.

Adult female. Similar to B. leucolcema, but much more of a
greenish- black colour, and further distinguished by the lower back
being orange instead of sulphur- yellow : " bill black ; legs ash-
colour " ( W. Ayres), Total length 3'7 inches, culmen O-oo, wing
2-1, tail 1-1, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. South-east Africa.

a. 2 ^d- sk. Olifants River, N.E. Transvaal, J. H. Gurney, Esq.

July27(r. ^i/res). [P.].

8. BARBATULA. 45

10. Barbatula chrysopyga. (Plate III. fig. 1.)

Barbatula leucolaema {nee Verr.), Sharpe, Ihis, 18G9, p. 19.3.
Xylobucco subsulphurea {nee Fras.), Shelley Sf Buckley, Ihis, 1872

p. 2o7 .
MegaL-enm subsulphurea {nee Fras.), Eiittik. Notes Leyden Mus. x.

p. 94 (1888 J.
Barbatula chrysopyga, Shelley, IbL^, 1889, p. 477.

Adult female. Similar to B. leucokmia, but differs in being
rather more greenish black above, and in having the rump and
edges of the wing-coverts and quills orange. It is therefore very
like B. hilineata, but the latter has the edges of the coverts and quills
sulphur-yellow. Total length 3-3 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-85,
tail 1-05, tarsus 1.

Young. Coloured like the adult, but much more dusky, the upper
surface washed with olive, the eyebrow and cheek-stripe somewhat
tinged with yellow ; the bill pale horny ; the under surface greenish
yellow, the throat ashy white.

Hab. West Africa, from Liberia to the Gold Coast.

a-d Ad. ; e. Fantee {Aubinji). Shai-pe Coll.

Juv. sk. '^

f g Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk. Abouri, Aguapim, Feb. 22 {G. E. S.). SheUey Coll.

t. 2 ad. sk. Abouri, Feb. 20 {T. Buckley). Shelley Coll.

1 1 . Barbatula leucolaema.

Barbatula leucolasma, /. ^- E. Yen: Reo. et May. Zool. 1851, p. 265.
Barbatula leucoL-ema, Strickl. Cuntr. Orn. 1851, p. 135 ; Bp. Crnisp.

Vol Zyg. p. 12 (1854) ; Kartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 173(1857) ; Yerr.

F.Z.S. 18o9, p. .398; Marshall, Mono(/r. Capit. p. 129, pi. 51.

%. 2 (1871, fig. inacc.) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 42.
Megalaima leucolaima, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 4S

(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 15 (1868) ; id. Hand-l.
■^\-^^-.'^' °°- ^^^^ (1870); Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus.Vn.

p. 210 (1885), viii. p. 263 (1886).
Barbatula subsulphurea {nee Fras.), Sharpe S,- Bouvier, Bull. Sac.

Zool France, m. p. 78 (1878) ; Socage, (hm. Angola, p. 539 (1881) :

Nicholson, P.Z.S.\S7^, ^.\f<l. -f > i^ v i,

Megalajma bilineata, Eeichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 17 {nee Sundev.).
i Barbatula leucolfema, Bohm, J.f. O. 1883, p. 167.

Adult. General colour above glossy blue-black, including the
upper tail-coverts ; rump bright yellow ; lesser wing-coverts like
the back; median and greater coverts, quills, and tail-feathers
black, edged with bright yellow ; the bastard-wing, primary-coverts,
and primaries black, without any yellow margins ; crown of head
like the back ; a broad line of white extending from the nostrils
along the checks; feathers round the eye and ear-coverts black,
surmounted by a broad superciliary band of white, extending from'
above the eye to the sides of the nape ; a broad malar line of black ;

46 CAPIT0NIBJ5.

throat and fore neck ashy white ; breast pale sulphur-yellow, duller
and more ashy on the sides of the body, thighs, and under tail-
coverts ; under wing-covorts, axillaries, and quill-lining white, with
a slight tinge of yellow : " bill black ; feet and iris dusky brown "
{Emin Pasha). Total length 3'7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-05,
tail 1, tarsus 0-55.

Young. Similarly coloured to the adult, but much more dusky,
being sooty black above, with only a slight wash of glossy blue, all
the yellow markings much paler than in the adult ; under surface
as in the adult, but more dingy and with the throat more ashy :
" bill black, pale horny at the basal part of the maxilla and on the
lower mandible ; feet lead-colour ; iris umber-brown " (Emin
Pasha).

Hah. West Africa from Senegambia to the Congo, and across to
Equatorial Africa and probably to Zanzibar.

a. Ad. sk. Kiver Gambia. Sharps Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Casamance. Sharps Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Sierra Lsone. Twesddals Coll.

d. Ad. sk. W. Africa. M. J. Verreaux.

e. Ad. sk. Ashantee. J.Gould.
f. Ad. sk. Cape Coast Castls. Sharps Coll.
y. Ad. sk. Fantse (Aitbinn). Sharps Coll.
h, i. Ad. sk. Accra (Haynes). Sharps Coll.

k, I. Ad sk. Abeokuta. F. Nicholson, Esq.

[P.-j.
VI. cS ad. sk. Landana, Congo (L. Petit). Shellsy Coll.

n, o,p. S fid. ; Tomaja, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].
g, r. d 2 juv.sk. Aug.

12. Barbatula subsulphurea *.

Bucco subsulphurea, Frascr, P. Z. S. LS43, p. f> ; Allen Sf Thonips.

Exped. Niger, ii. p. 404 (1848) ; Fra.^er, Zool. Typ. p. 62 (1849).
Capita ? subsulphursus, Gruy, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846).
TrachypboDus subsulphursus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850); id. Consp.

Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854).
Barbatula flavimentum, J. Sf E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1851,

p. 264.
Barbatula subsulphursa, Strickl. Contr. Orw. 1851, p. 35 ; Hartl. J.
f. O. 1854, p. 195 ; id. Om. W.-Afr. p. 172 (pt.) ; Vei-r. P. Z. S.

1869, p. 398 ; Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1859, p. 140 ; Hartl. J. f.

O. 1861, p. 262; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 16 (1871, pt).

* Closely allied to this species must be

Barbatula fischeri.
Barbatula fischeri, Eeichen. Orn. Centralhl. 1880, p. 181 ; Fischer, J.f. 0.
1885, p. 125.

Very similar to B. bilineata, but smaller and with the white eye-stripe washed
with pale sulphur-yellow. Total length 3"4 inches, wing 2, tail 1'15, culmen
045 {Beichenow).

Hab. Zanzibar district of Eastern Africa.

8. BARBATTJLA. 47

*W^^o?'^/"^'"'P'"""''^' ^"V^"' ^"*- Pays-Bas, Ruccones, p 44
(1863); &/•«,/, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 15 (1868); id. Hand-l B
11. p. 176, no. 8469 (1870). » '» j. ^.

^cZmZ^ Similar to B. leucolmna, but with brighter sulphur-yellow
on the rump and margins of the wing-coverts and (luills It is
however easily distinguished by the yellow eyebrow and facial
stripe ; the under surface is pale sulphur-yellow, washed with ashv
the throat itself being bright sulphur-yellow like the eyebrow and
band be ow the eye. Total length 3-4 inches, culmen 0-5, win-
1-95, tail 0-8.5, tarsus 0-55. "^

Young. Similar to the adult, but more dingy in colour, and easily
recognized by its paler and more horny bill.

Ilab. West Africa, from the Volta River to the Gaboon.

a Ad. sk. River Volta {R. T. Ussher). .sharps Coll.

c Ad.sk. Gaboon (7)„r/.«e7/«). Tweffiale boll

cl. Juv.sk. Gaboon (Z>.cy.„7 J. S^Z^^t:i^

e. Ad. sk. Ogow^ Kiver, Gaboon {A. Marche). Shelley Coll.

13. Barbatula scolopacea.

Bucco scolopacea, Temni. Mus. Luyd

^ 0°fe t'^K^'T' ^^'■-^Tl-^\'- P- 1^1 (18.50) ; Hartl. J. f.
C. J8o4, p. 19ij; ^err. P. Z. S. 18.59, p. 397; Skarw Th,\ ^^7n
p. 70; /^ Cc^. Afr.B. ,. 15 (1871) ^ 7^/«.v4a1/ £0^ 'c«;2'
P> V'^' V^-^'am)- Skelky 4'- Buc/c/ey, Ibis, 187:^, p. 287 •
Ussher, Ibis 18.4 ^. 55 ; Sharpe ^- Bolvier, Bull. Soc. Zooi
France, 18. b, p. .31 1 ; Oustaht, Nonv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull. p. 64
(18/9) ; Bocaye, Om. Angola, p. 108 (1881) ^

Bucco stellatus, Jardine S,- Fraser, Contr. Orn. I80I, p I.55
iJarbatula flavisquamata, Verr. J.f. O. 185.5 p 101
Barbatula (Xylobucco) scolopacea, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 174

Bai-batula scolopacea, Cassin, Proc. Acad. PMlad. 1859, p 140
Ssr^ ' °?'w'A ^:f^:.Mns. Pays-Bas, Buccones, 'p. 47
(lbb3); Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 1.5 (1868)- id Hand I

Megalainiastellata, Gm,y,Z.;,f Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 16 (1808)- id

Hand-l. B. n. p. 176, no. 8474 (1870). ^ ' '

Megalc-ema scolopacea, Reichen. J.f. 0. 1875, p 8
Lignobucco consobrinus, Beichen. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 309.

^^c7»7^ Blackish brown above, all the feathers distinctly ed-ed
with bright olive-yellow, less plainly on the lower back and rump

Td "'? '>J'?'' "^T ^"'^•^'' ^"^"^ ^"^^ tail-feathers dark brown'
edged with ohve-yellow; sides of the face like the upper surflce
^id similarly margined with yellow : cheeks and Jhroat a7hy
whitish, gradually shading into the olive-yellow of the breast and
abdomen ; the sides of the body mottled ^Wth dusky spots and bars
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, tipped with yellow ' b 11

48 CAPITONID^.

black ; feet greyish green ; iris pale yellow " {J. Buttikofer). Total
length 4*2 inches, culmen 0'65, wing 2-2, tail 1'05, tarsus 0'65.

Young. Duller than the adults and more olive-green, with a
greyish throat and the breast mottled with blackish spots.

Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Gaboon.

a. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Sweet River, Fantee, Dec. 30 Sharpe Coll.

(if. T. Ussher).

c-/. Ad. sk. YKUiee (H.T.Ussher). Sliarpe Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Wasa Province, Gold Coast Shelley Coll.

{H. F. BUssett).

h, i. Ad. sk. Denkera {H. T. Us.^her). Shelley Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Abouri, Aguapim, Feb. 20 (G. Shelley Coll.

E. S.).

m. Juv. sk. Clarence River, Fernando Po. L. Fra,ser, Esq. [C.].

(TjliQoiB.stellatus.)

n. Ad.sk. Gaboon (Z>MC%az7/M). Sharpe Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Sharpe Coll.

9. STACTOL-EMA.

Type.
Stactolema, Marshall, P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 118 S. auchietse.

Range. Confined to Tropical Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Forehead and throat yellow anchietcB, p. 48.

h. Forehead and throat olive-green hke the body .... olivacetim, p. 49.

1. Stactolaema anchietae.

Buccanodon anchiette, Bocacje, P. Z. S. 18C9, p. 4.36, pi. 29 ; id. Jom.

Lish. viii. p. 348 (1870).
Stactolaema anchietae, Marsh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 118, fig. 1 ; iid.

Monogr. Capit. p. 181, pi. 73 (1871); Bocage, Orn. Anqola, p. 110

(1881); Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 179 (1881); Souza,

Jom. Lisb. 1886, p. loO.
Megalaima anchietse, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8465 (1870).

Adult male. General colour above brown ; wings blackish brown,
the quills with hoary whitish margins ; centre tail-feathers ashy
grev, the remainder dusky, externally ashy grey ; forehead and
occiput pale sulphur-yellow, the hinder crown and sides of the neck
blackish with sulphur-yellow tips to the feathers ; hind neck
blackish ; feathers above and below the eye and ear-coverts hoary
white ; throat sulphur-yellow ; remainder of under surface of body
brown, the lower abdomen, under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts,
and axillaries whitish ; quills dusky below, whitish along the inner
web : " bill and feet black ; iris reddish brown " (Anchieta). Total
length 7 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 3-7, tail 2-1, tarsus 0*85.

10. CALOKHAMPHUS. 49

Adult female. Siiailar to the male. Total length 6*8 iuches,
culmen 0-75, wing 3-6, tail 1-95, tarsus 0-8.
Hub. Benguela.

a, b. (S 2 ad. sk. Caconda, Benguela, April, Shelley Coll.

July (J. Anchieta).

c, d. (S 2 ad. sk. Caconda {J. Anchieta). Lisbon Museum [P.].

e. S ad. sk. Caconda, Jan. {J. AncKietd). Sharpe Coll.

2. Stactolsema olivaceum *.

Barbatula olivacea, Shelley, Ibis, 1880, p. 334, pi. 7 : id. P. Z. S.

1881, p. 593.
Stactolaema olivaceum, Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 477.

Adult. General plumage olive-green ; forehead and crown dusky
black, shading into olive-green on the occiput and nape ; quills dark
brown, with broad olive edges to their outer webs, increasing in
extent from the third primary ; the two outer primaries not edged
with olive ; both webs of the inner secondaries olive-green ; a part
of the inner margins of the quills buff ; upper surface of the tail
olive-green, with dark brown shafts ; under surface of the tail ashy
olive, with pale brown shafts ; entire under surface of the body
olive, paler than the back ; sides of the head and the upper throat
of a dusky shade, becoming almost black on the chin and in front
of the eyes ; under surface of the wings dark brown, with the
coverts and portion of the inner webs of the quills buff; bill and
claws black ; legs brownish black. Total length 6*6 inches, culmen
0*7, wing 3-35, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-9.

Hah. Eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Rabbai, near Mombasa {Rev. J. Wake- Shelley Coll.
field). (Type of species.)

10. CALORHAMPHUS.

Type.

Calorhamphus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 139 (May) C. hayi.

Megalorhynchus, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 106 C. hayi.

Range. From Southern Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to
Sumatra and Borneo.

* I fancy that the following species, which I have never seen, must be closely
allied to my 8. olivaceuin : —

Stactgl^ma simplex.

Barbatula simplex, Fischer Sf Reichen. J. f. 0. 1884, p. 180 ; Fischer,
Zeitschr.gcs. Orn. i. p. 371 (1884) ; id. J.f. 0. 1885, p. V2A.

Upper parts olive-green ; rump citron-yellow ; under surface greenish grey ;
wings and tail-feathers black, with greenish yellow on the outer webs ; the
quills with buffy white inner webs; under wing-coverts white ; bill brownish
black, the base buff ; feet black ; iris brown. Length 4"2 inches, wing 205,
tail 1'2, culmen 0-4. {Fischer ij Eeichcnow.)

Hah. Eastern Africa.
VOL. XIX. E

50 CAPITONID^.

Key to the Species.

a. Throat only slightly tinted with red hayi, p. 50.

b. Throat fiery brick-red fuliginosus, p. 51.

1. Calorhamphus hayi.

Bucco lathami {nee Gm.), Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 284

(1820).
Bucco hayi, J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3.3 (18.32).
Calorhamphus sanguinolentus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 1.39.
Megalorhynchus spinosus, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 18-39, p. lOG.
Megalorhynchus lathami (wee Gm.), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 202

(1842).
Calorhamphus lathami {nee Gm.), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 13

(1846); Marshall, Monoqr. Capit. p. 179, pi. 72 (1870); Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 176, no. 8479 (1870).
Megalorhynchus hayi, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 431 (1846) ; Bh/th, Cat.

B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 69 (1849) ; I£orsf. Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E. L. Co. ii. p. 648 (1856) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 455 ; Stoliczka,

J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. 282 (1870) ; Wulden, Lbis, 1871, p. 163.
Psilopus hayi, Bonap. Consp. Av. i. p. 141 (1850).
Calorhamphus hayi, Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mvs. p. 19 (1868) ;

Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 319 ; Hume Sf Davison, Sir. F. 1878, pt. 1,

p. 149 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, pp. 53, 88; Oates, Handh. B. Brit.

Burm. ii. p. 138 (1883) ; S/tarpe, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 281.
Calorhamphus fuliginosus {nee Temm.), Biitiik. ^"otes Leyden Mus.

ix. p. 16 (1887).

Adult male. General colour above dark brown, with margins of
olive-yellow to the dorsal feathers, more distinct on the rump and
upper tail-coverts ; wing-covcrts and quilLs dark brown, with
scarcely any indication of olive margins ; tail-feathers dark brown ;
crown of head darker brown than the back, with glossy black shaft-
lines ; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and checks brown, slightly
washed with brick-red ; throat pale reddish brown ; fore neck and
remainder of the under surface of body j-ellowish white, clearer
yellow on the centre of the breast and abdomen ; sides of the body
browner, the feathers of the flanks edged broadly with olive-brown ;
thighs yellowish white, tipped with olive-brown ; under tail-coverts
and under Aving-coverts white, washed with yellow ; edge of wing
brown ; quills below dusk}' brown, yellowish ashy along the inner
edge : " bill black ; feet orange ; lores black ; iris dull red " ( W.
Davison). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-95, wing3'2, tail 1*85,
tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male, but differs in the
pale colour of the bill : " bill dirty ochreous brown, tip of lower and
edges of upper mandible blackish " ( W. Davison). Total length
6-4 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3"1, tail 1-9, tarsus 0"8.

Yonvc/. Resembles the adult, but has less rufous on the face
and throat ; the bill pale horn-brown in the skin.

Hub. From Southern Ten asserim throughout the Malay Peninsula
to Sumatra.

10. CALORHAMPIICS.

51

a, b. (^ ad. ; c,
d. 2 ad. sk.

e. (S ad. sk.

/-/. (S ad. etjuv.;
m-s. 2 fiii- et
juv. sk.

^ Ad.sk.

«/, V.
w. (S
.■>'. 6

y, 2,

b',

ad.

e'. 6

2

k', i'.

k'-o'.

s'.

t'.u'.

d 2 ad. sk.
ad. .sk.
ad. sk.
a', c? ad. ;
c', d'. 2
sk.

ad. ; f, g'.
ad. sk.
6 2 ad. sk.

d" ad. ; p-
2 ad. sk.

d" 2 ad. sk.

Baukasoon, S. Tenasserim,
April, June. ( W. Davison).

Batu Patch, Perak.

Klaiig, Feb. to April, July,
Aug-., Nov. ( W. Davison).

Malacca.

Malacca {Dr. Cantor).
Malacca (A. R. Wallace).
Malacca.

Malacca, July, Aug., Sept.
( W. Davison).

Nealys, 31 miles from Malacca,

Oct. ( W. Davison).
Pulo Seban, Malacca, Oct.,

Nov. ( ff. Davison).
Johore, July to Sept. ( W.

Davison).
Siedjoendjonnor, Sumatra,

Oct. (Carl Bod;).

Hume Coll.

L. Wrav, Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.

Eyton Coll. (Type

of 3f. spinosus.)
India Museum.
Gould Coll.
AVallace Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

2. Calorhamphus fuliginosus.

Micropogon fuliginosus, Temm. PL Col. iii. livr. 83 (1830).

Bucco fuliginosus, Loxv, Sarawak, p. 411 (1848).

Megalorliynchus sanguinoleutus, Scl. P. Z. S. 18(i3, p. 210.

Calorhauipbu? fuliginosus, Gciffin, Mas. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 73.
pt. (18()3); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 176, no. 8480 (1870): Mar-
shall, Monoqr. Capit. p. 177, pi. 71 (1871) ; Salvad. Ucc. Bom.
p. 39 (1874) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 240 ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792 ;
id. Ibis, 1890, p. 6.

Adult male. Similar to C. hayi, but much darker brown and
having the rufous on the face more pronounced, especially on the
throat, where it is brick-red or dull vermilion, extending on to the
centre of the breast : " iris brownish ochre ; bill black ; legs coral-
red " {A. Everett). Total length 6 inches, culmeu 0'9, wing 3-3.
tail 1-85, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with a pale horny-white
bill, the throat dull brick-red, not quite so deep as in the male.
Total length 5'3 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 3"15, tail 1-6, tarsus
0-85.

Hah. Borneo. Its occurrence in Sumatra is doubtful, for though
Dr. Biittikofer states that he has seen specimens from the latter
island which were identical with Bornean examples, this is opposed
to the evidence afforded by the Museum series ; it is possible for a
dull-coloured specimen of C. fidiginosus to approach C. hayi in
appearance, but as a rule these two species are easily separable.

a. (S ad. sk.

b. S ad. sk.

Sarawak.

Sarawak (.4. R. Wallace).

Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
e2

52

CAPITONID^.

c. Ad. sk. Sarawak.

d. S ad. sk. Sarawak, Sept. 20 [A. Everett).

e. S ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak.

/. (S ad. sk. Gunong Trahu, June (^A,

Everett).
g. 2 ad. sk. Matang, Sarawak, May {A.

Everett).
h. Imm. sk. Lumbidan {Sir H. Low).
i. c? imra.sk. Lawas River.

k. <S]v.\. sk. Binkoka,NortheiTi Borneo.

/. Ad. sk. [Sumatra.]

Rajah Brooke [P.].

Hume Coll.

H. Everett, Esq.

[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

J. Whitehead, Esq.

[P.l.
J. Whitehead, Esq.

[P.].
Evton Coll.

11. MEGAL^MA.

Type.

.Megalaima, Grmj, List Gen. B. App. p. Vl (1842) . M. marshallorum.

Bamje. From the Himalayas to Teuasserim, and thence to
Southern China.

Key to the Species.

a. Wing-coverts washed with maroon ; head

green vii-ens, p. 52.

b. Wing-coverts green, not washed with maroon ;

head blue marshallomm, p. 53.

1. Megalaema virens.

Grand Barbu de la Chine, UAuhent. PI. Enl. vii. fol. 871.

Grand Barbu, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. 1780, p. 106 ; Levaill. Ois. de

Tarad. Barbus, ii. 1800, p. 55, pi. 20.
Grand Barbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, 1783, p. 503.
Bucco virens, Bodd. Tabl. Fl. Enl. 1783, p. 53.
Bucco grandis, Gm. S. N. i. 1788, p. 408 ; Temm. PI. Col. Tabl.

Mefh. 1836, p. 55 ; Bp. Consp. i. 1850, p. 143.
Capito grandis, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. iv. 1816, p. 499.
Megalaima virens. Gray, Gen. B. ii. 1846, p. 429.
Megalfema virens, Sicinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 411 ; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 269,

1871, p. 391 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 472 ; David 8f Oust. Ois.

Chine, 1877, p. 56; Hume ^ Danismi, Str. F. vi. 1878, p. 150;

Hume, Str. F. ix. 1879, p. 88 ; Bingham, t. c. p. 473, x. 1880,

p. 166 ; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. 1883, p. 130 ; Styan,

Ibis, 1887, p. 230.
Megalsema marshallorum (riec Sicinh.), Blyth Sf Walden, B. Burin.

1875, p. 73, pt. ; Wardlaw Ltamsaif, Ibis, 1877, p. 457 ; Oates,

Handb. B. Brit. Bimn. ii. 1883, p. 129.

Adult male. Similar to M. marshallorum, but with the head and
throat verditer-blue, inclining to greenish ; a maroon shade on the
median wing-coverts, and with no yellow on the hind neck, the
latter having only a few verditer-blue shaft-lines : " bill aiid gape

11. MEGAL^MA. 53

vax-yellow, the former white at tip of lower mandible, dark horny
to the end of the upper mandible; legs and feet dirty sap-green,
claws horny ; iris dark brown" {C. T. Bingham). Total length 13
inches, culmen 1-65, wing o-o, tail 3-7, tarsus 1-3.

Adidt female. Similar to the male. Total length 11-2 inches,
culmen 1-8, wing 5-0, tail 3-6, tarsus 1-35.

The specimens from the Karen Hills show little or no appearance
of streaks on the hind neck. Birds from the Tonghoo Hills have
some narrow yellow streaks on this part, and the Tenasserim ones
are rather distinctly streaked with yellow or green.

Hah. Hills of Southern China, extending into the Eurmese and
Tenasserim Hills.

a, h. Ad. sk. Karen Hills (i?. G. W. R.). Tweeddale Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Karen Hills, Jan. 9 (R. G. TV. R.). Tweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Karen Hills, Aug. (R. G. TV. R.). Tweeddale Coll.
e,f. 2 ad. sk. Tonghoo Hills, April (R. G. Tweeddale CoU.

ir. R.).

ff. 2 ad. sk. Near KoUidoo, Feb. ( TV. Davison). Hume Coll.

/', i. d ? ad. sk. Kyouknyat, Jan. ( TV. Davison). Hume Coll.

k. d ad.sk. Thoungyeen River, Nov. 27 (C. Hume Coll.

T. Bingham).

I. 2 ad. sk. Myawadee, Jan. 17 ( JF. Davison). Hume CoU.

m. 2 ad. sk. Foochow, China {R. Swinhoe). Seebohm Coll.

«. cJ ad. sk. Tingchow, Dec. (i2. -S'M-/«^oe). Seebohm Coll.

2. Megalaema marshallorum.

? Le Grand Earbu, Levaill. Ois. (VAfr. i. 1800, p. 5-j, pi. 20.

Bucco grandis, Guuld, Cent. Himal. B. 1832, pi. 46.

Megalaima grandis, Graij., List Gen. B. App. 1842, p. 12 : Hume

Kesfs ^- Eggs Inch B. 1873, p. 128.
Megalaima virens (nee Bodd.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 1849,

p. 66 ; Hori'f. S)- Moore, Cat. B. 3Ius. E.I. Co. ii. 1856, p. 636 ;

Moore, P. Z. S. 18.58, p. 47-5 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. 1862, p. 308 ; Gof-
Jin, Mm. Pags-Bas, Buccoues, 18C3, p. 13 ; Grag, List Capit. Brit.

Mvs. 1868, p. 5 ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. 1870, p. 173, no. 8422.
Megaljema virens {nee Bodd.), Irhy, Ibis, 1861, p. 229; Beavan, Ibis,

18(55, p. 411 ; Tytler, Ibis, 1868, p. 201 ; Petz. t. e. p. .320 ; Beavan,

Ibis, 1869, p. 415 ; Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 33, pi. 16; Salvi.

Cat. Strickl. Cvll. 1882, p. 445.

Lucknow Mus. 1886, p. 36 ; Hume, Sir. F. xi. 1888, p. 66,

Adult male. General colour above brown with a riiddv tinge •
scapulars like the back ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
grass-green, with paler green edges; wing-coverts like the back,
those round the edges of the wing gieea or greenish blue, pale
greenish towards the base; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and

64 CAPixoNiDj;.

quills blackish, externally blue, the secondaries greener externally,
the innermost bright bluish green, with a broad ending of orange-
brown ; tail-feathers green above, bluish below ; crown of head deep
blue, with a faintly-indicated shaft-stripe of lighter blue, more
distinct on the nape ; bind neck sulphur-yellow, streaked with paler
yellow on the centre ; lores, sides ot the face, and ear-coverts black,
washed with deep blue ; cheeks and throat deep blue, the lower
throat dark brown ; sides of neck like the back ; fore neck dark
brown washed with greenish blue ; centre of breast and abdomen
Prussian blue, the latter streaked with yellow ; sides of the body
and flanks streaked, the sides of the breast orange-brown with
yellow edges to the feathers ; the flanks green with greenish-yellow
edges ; thighs dusky brown, washed with yellow ; uuder tail-coverts
scarlet ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; edges of wing green ;
quills below dusky, pale yellow along the inner edge : " bill pale
yellow, bluer at the tip of the upper mandible; legs and feet
greenish grey " (A. 0. Hume, MSS.) : •' biU horny greenish towards
the tip ; culmen from nares bluish black, darkest towards the tip ;
feet dingy horn-green ; claws black ; iris dark brown " {J. ScuUi/).

Youiuj. Similar to the adult, but with the colours everywhere
more dingy, with only a few yellowish streaks on the hinder neck ;
the head and throat blackish washed with blue, with a few streaks
of bright cobalt on the sides of the lower throat.

Specimens from the Xorth-wcstern Himalayas are paler in colour
than those from Sikhim and the Eastern Himalayas, and the Manipur
birds show a slight afiinity to M. virenn in their dark colouring and
smaller amount of sulphur-yellow on the hind neck : the Manipur
specimens, however, have the deep blue head of the Himalayan bird,
and although the yellow streaks on the hind neck are somewhat
tinged with green, there are many Himalayan specimens which
exhibit this peculiarity.

Hah. Himalayas from Cashmere to Manipur.

a. Juv. sk.

India.

H. Drummond, Esq.

[P.].
E. M. Langworthy,

b, c. Ad. sk.

Cashmere.

Esq. [P.].

d, c. Ad. sk.

Cashmere {Dr. Bellev).

India Museum.

/. c? ad. sk.

Dhurmsala, May 1^70 ( W. E.
Brooks).

Hume Coll.

<). Ad. sk.

Kotekhaie, Feb. 20.

Hume Coll.

'h. Ad. sk.

Kotegurh.

Hume Coll.

/. Ad. sk.

Simla, March (Dr. Scott).

Tweeddale Coll.

k. Ad. sk.

Simla, May 8 (R. C. Beavan).

Tweeddale Coll.

/. 2 ad. sk.

Simla, July {R. C. Beavan).

Tweeddale Coll.

m, n. cj $ ad. sk.

Simla, Sept. 10.

Hume Coll.

o-r. Ad. sk.

Hills north of Mussooree.

Hume Coll.

s. Ad.sk.

Kani Khet, July 12.

Hume CoU.

t -w. Ad. sk.

Almorah, Oct.

Hume Coll.

.)■; «. Ad. ; ;:.

Naini Tal.

Pinwill Coll.

Juv. sk.

a'. Ad. sk.

Kuixxnon {'Stracheu). ' '■

India Museum.

12. CHOTOHHEA,

55

V-e\ Ad. ; /.

.7uv. sk.
^', li . Ad. sk.
/'. 2 ad. sk.

k'-r . Ad. sk.

«'. $ juv. sk.
<'-y'. Ad. sk.
vJ . Ad. ; x' . Var.

sk.
y. c? ad.; z.

Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk.
/3, y, 6. Ad. sk.

€. Ad.sk.

C, 7- d" ? ad. sk.

B, I. cJ ad. sk.

K, A. cJ 2 ad. sk.

Nepal.

Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).
Nepal Valley, May 21 (/.

Scully).
Sikhim, Jan., Feb., March,

May, Nov. (Z. Mandelli).
Darjeeliug' (Pearson).
Darjeeliug, P'eb., March.
Mongphoo, March.

Bhotan (Pembertoii).

Assam.

Shillong, Aug., Oct. (/. Cock-
burn).

Khasia HiDs {Griffith).

N. Khasia Hills, March, April
(A. W. Chennell).

Aimole, Manipur, April (^A.
O. H.).

Manipur, May {A. O. H.).

Hodgson Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

India Museum.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

12. CHOTORHEA.

Type.
Chotorhea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (ISoi) C. javensis.

Range. Throughout the Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra,
and Borneo.

Keij to the Species.

a. With no yellow on cheeks; throat dark brown;

no red or blue on head or face, which are brown

Uke the throat corvina, p. 56.

b. With yellow on cheeks.

a . Throat dark crimson, lower throat black with
a crimson spot on each side ; head straw-
yellow javensis, p. 56.

b'. Throat ashy brown, becoming pale cobalt to-
wards the fore neck ; hinder crown scarlet,
mottled with blue.

a" . Forehead brownish white chrysopogon, p. 67.

b" . Forehead bright yellow like the cheeks . . chrysopsis, p. 59.
c'. Throat deep blue, as also the fore part of
cheeks ; hmder cheeks deep golden yellow ;
ear-coverts black ; eyebrow blue ; crown
crimson versicolor, p. 59.

56 CAPiToinD-s;.

1. Chotorhea corvina.

Bucco corvinus, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 522 (1831, ex Heimv.) ; JIartl.

Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 337.
Megalaima corvina, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 144 (18-50) ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 30 (1863, pt.) ;
Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mm. p. 12 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175,
no. 8454 (1870).
Megalsema corvina, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. 1854, p. 12 ; Marshall,
Monoyr. Capit. p. 49, pi. 23 (1871) ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll.
p. 446 (1882); Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 142.
Chotorea corvina, Vordenn. Tijdschr. Nedcrl. Ind. xlv. p. 320
(1885).
Adult male. Grass-green, -with a slight shade of blue on a few
of the feathers of the upper parts ; -wing-coverts like the back, quills
blackish, externally grass-green, -with a slight blue shade on the
outer -web of some of them, the primaries yellowish towards the
ends of the outer -web ; tail green, also shaded -with blue ; head
brown, rather hoary in appearance and -with a golden gloss, the
hind neck golden yellow forming a collar ; lores, sides of face, and
throat dark brown, with a slight golden gloss, especially on the side
of the fore neck ; remainder of the under surface from the fore neck
downwards dull emerald-green, with more or less of a bluish wash ;
under wing-coverts and quill-lining pale brown : " bill black, lead-
colour at base ; feet lead-colour with an ochre-yellow tint, claws
dark horn-colour ; iris vandyke-brown ; skin of eye black '' ( Vor-
derman). Total length 10-3 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 4-8, tail 3-2,
tarsus 1'2.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 10-5
inches, culmen 1-45, wing 4'8, tail 3"3, tarsus 1"25.
Hah. Java.

a. Ad. St. Java. Leyden Museum [P.].

b, c. Ad. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.
d,e. c? $ ad. sk. Java {Mus. Liu/d.). Salvin-Godman CoU.
/. Ad. sk. W. Java {A. li. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

g. Ad. sk. W. Java {A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.

h. Ad. ; i. S W. Java. Wallace Coll.

ad. sk.

k. Skeleton. Java. Eyton Coll.

2. Chotorhea javensis.

Le Barbu Kotorea, Levaill. Ois. de Paradis, Barbus, Suppl. p. 42,

fig. C (1806).
Bucco javensis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 181 (1820); JIartl.

Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 337.
Bucco kotorea, Temm. PI. Col. iii. texte Barbus (1831).
Bucco tristis, Draj). Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. ii. p. 195 (1822).
Megalaima javensis. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 143 (1«50); Giffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 19 (1863);

Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mies. p. 5 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii.p 174,

no. 8434 (1870).
Chotorhea javensis, Bp. Consp. Valuer. Zygod. p. 12 (1854).

12, CnOTORHEA. 57

Me^alffima javensis, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 43, pi. 20 (1871-) •

Ms{m^"\W^''''- ^"^'''^' ^'"^' ^^^'- P- ^° ^^^®^^' Nicholson,

Adult male. Grass-green, a few feathers with a bluish shade-
wing-coverts blue like the back; quills blackish, externally like the
back, the primaries yellowish towards the ends of the outer webs •
tail green above, bluish beneath; crown of the head pale golden
yellow ; hind neck and sides of the neck dark green, also washed
witJi golden yellow ; lores with a scarlet spot, surmounted by a line
ot black estniding above the eye and widening above the ear-
coyerts, the adjacent sides of the hinder crown and nape glossed
with bright vcrditcr-grocn ; feathers below the eye black, extending
downwards ma black band across the middle of the cheeks, the
lore part ot which is marked with a spot of bright yellow; hinder
cheeks and ear-coverts emerald-green, glossed with golden yellow
throat deep crimson, the lower throat with a black spot; remainder
ot under surface of body light emerald-green, with a spot of scarlet
on each side of tlie fore neck ; under wing-coverts yellowish isabel-
line ; quills light brown below, yellow along the inner web : " bill
black; feet yellowish ; iris dark vandyke-brown " {Vorderman).
Total length lO-!> inches, culmen 1 -oS, wing 4-35, tail 2-6, tarsus M

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the colours a trifle
2-6 tamt M °^^ ^^ ''''^'''' '''^"''" ^'^' ""^"^ 4-65, tail

Hab. Java.

f ^^- ^*- J-'i^'a. Purchased

6,c.^Ad.;dImm. Jf^va (Iforsfeld). India Museum. (Types

^ Arl q1- t °* ^^^ species.)

fAat' t'"'''-.,, . Tvveeddale Coll.

i' A A Q.H.I- i^''^0^^'''-^»!/^-)- «aIviu-Godman Coll.

/' J' .^1 .1 ^- T^''^V Wallace Coll.

I. d ad. sk. L. Java (A. R. Wallate). Gould Coll.

3. Chotorhea chrysopogon.

Jiucco chrysopogon, Tcmm. Fl. Col. iii. 1824, p. 285; Giv Mbane
Amm. 1. 1829, p. 458, note. ^ ' ^^

V' .; " ; . i. '•■^" ' ^'"V'-^i^t '-(ipit. lint. Alus.lSm
Ciumatra, I on. 1888, p. 3o.

Chotorhea chrysopogon, Bp. Consp. Vobwr. Zygod. 1854, d lo.
Horsf.^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. 1856, p. 640; Salvad
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genor. xiv. 1879, p 179 '=aivaa.

Megahema chiysopogon, Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 206 ; Marshall, Momar

F& \f ^^'?.^"^^ W^^^""^^- ^*-- 1«77, p. 229 ; Bume, ir]
.!f'7 P- ^^-'J^elham, Bis, 1881, p. 389; Nicholson, Ibis, i88-'

58

CAPITONID^.

Cyanops chrysopogon, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxix. pt. 2, 1870,

'p. 287.
Cliotorea corvina {nee Temm.), Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii.
1878, p. 452.

Adult male. General colour above green, the feathers edged with
paler green ; wing- coverts uniform grass-green ; bastard-wing, pri-
mary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally green, the primaries
yellowish towards the ends of the outer web ; tail-feathers green ;
crown of the head scarlet, mottled with subterminal spots of pale
cobalt on the hinder crown, occiput, and nape ; forehead and sinciput
hoary white, forming a broad band : a large loral spot of bright
scarlet ; feathers below the eye whitish ; ear-coverts brown ; cheeks
pale golden yellow forming a broad moustache ; throat pale whity
brown, the lower throat pale purplish cobalt, becoming bright cobalt
on the fore neck ; remainder of the under surface of the body pale
emerald-green ; under wing-coverts yellowish, washed with emerald-
green ; quills below dusky, pale yellowish along the inner edge :
" bill black ; legs and feet glaucous green ; iris pale buffy brown "
{W. Davison). Total length lO'O inches, culmeu 1*8, wing 4-7,
tail 2"85, tarsus 1"25.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the colours a little
duller. Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 1-75, wing 5-1, tail 2-{),
tarsus 1*35.

Young. Similar to adidts, but with all the colours duller, the
yellow moustache tinged with green. From a moulting specimen it
would appear that the feathers of the frontal band, when first
assumed, are yellowish, and they must therefore fade into hoary
white with age. The new plumes on the throat itself also seem to
be purplish cobalt at first, and it is probable that they soon bleach
to the whitish colour of the adults.

Bab. Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra.

a. Ad. sk. Penang. Gould Coll.

h. S ad. sk. Klang, Salangore, April 13 ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).

c. $ ad.sk. Klang, Sept. 14 ( W. Z)oi7»w/). Hume Coll.

rf, c. c? $ ad. sk. Langhat, April ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Malacca. Wallace Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Malacca. PinwiU Coll.

h, i. Ad.; h. Juv. Malacca {E. G. W. B.). • Tweeddale Coll.

sk.

I. Ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

7n-o. Ad. ; p. Malacca, July ( W. Davison) . Hume CoU.

Juv. sk.

g. Ad. sk. Malacca, Sept. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

r. Ad. sk. Malacca, Aug. 3 (B. G. W. B.). Tweeddale Coll.

s. Ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.

t. Ad. St. Sumatra. Old Coll.

u-y. Ad.sk. Sumatra (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Coll.

s (S ad. sk Mt. Sago, Sumatra, Sept. (Carl Tweeddale Coll.

Back),

a', b'. Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Tweeddale Coll,

Buxton ).

12. CHOTOEHEA. 59

Subsp. a. Chotorhea chrysopsis.

Bucco chrysopogon (nee Temin.), Low, Sarawak, 1848, p. 411.
Megalaima cbrysjpsis, Goffin, Mus. Puys-Bas, Buccones, 1863, p. 15 ;

Gray, List I'apit. JBrit. Mus. 1868, p. 6 ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. 1870,

p. 175, no. 8462.
Megalaema chrysopsis, Mat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 210 ; Marshall, Monoffr.

Capit. p. 37, pi. 17 (1871) ; Salmd. Ucc. Born. 1874, p. 32 ; Sharpe,

Ibis, 1877, p. 8 ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 87 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890,

p. 4.

If Marshall's plate is correct and the adult bird has such a bright
yellow forehead, then the species would be distinct ; but so far as
the specimen in the Museum is concerned, it can be matched by
similar youug birds from Malacca : " bill black ; legs lead-colour,
tinged with green ; iris warm brown " {A. Everett).

Hah. Borneo.

a. (S juv. Foot of Matang, Sarawak {A. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

4. Chotorhea versicolor.

Bucco versicolor, Rajl. Tratis. Linn. S'oc. xiii. p. 284 (1820) ; Temm.

PL Col. iii. pi. 309 (1825) ; Bltjth, J. A. S. Beng. x\. p. 13 (1846).
Bucco raffle^ii, Less. liev. Zuol. 1839, p. 137.
Megalaima versicolor, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 143 (1850) ; Motley ^- Ltillw. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 28 (1855) ;

Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 454 ; Guffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones,

p. 15 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 6 (1868) j id. Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 174, no. 8435 (1870).
Megalsema (Chotorhea) versicolor, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyaod. p. 12

(1854).
Chotorhea versicolor, Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 640

(1856) ; Salrud. Ucc. Borneo, p. 33 (1874).
Megalsema versicolor, Scl. P. Z. 8. 1863, p. 210; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 47, pi. 22 (1871) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 105; id. Ibis.

1876, p. 35 ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 299 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 239'

id. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 245, 326 ; Hume, .Sf.r. F. 1879, pp. 53, 83

Hharpe, P. Z. 8. 1888, p. 280 ; id. Ibis, 1890, p. 4.
Cyanops versicolor, Oates,Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 136 (1883).
Megalaema versicolor, var. borneensis, Blasiu^, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,

xxxiii. p. 25 (1883).

Adult male. General colour above grass-green ; wing-coverts like
the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, extern-
ally a little darker green than the back, the secondaries resembling
the latter ; tail-feathers green above, blue below ; crown of head,
occiput, and nape rich scarlet ; hind neck and sides of neck a little
brighter green than the back ; lores black ; a broad eyebrow of rich
cobalt-blue ; sides of the face and ear-coverts black : below the eye
a crimson spot : hinder cheeks golden yellow, fore part of cheeks
and throat cobalt-blue, with silvery blue shaft-streaks ; remainder
of under surface j-ellowish green, with a golden gloss ; on each side
of the fore neck a large spot of scarlet ; under wing- coverts isabcl-
line, washed with green ; quills below dusky, yellowish isabelline

60

CAPITONID^.

along the inner edges : "bill black; feet greenish slate-colour ; iris
bright brown " (B. G. Wardlaw Bamsay). Total length 10 inches,
culmen 1-6, wing 4-8, tail 2-7, tarsus 1-15.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10 inches,
culmen 1-6, wing 4-6, tail 2-5, tarsus 1-1.

Young. Similar to the adults, but everj where duller : none of the
bright parts strongly marked, the yellow moustache scarcely evident,
and the scarlet spot below the eye absent ; the lower mandible pale
towards the base.

The differences set forth by Professor Blasius for the separation
of the Bornean bird from the Malayan are not found to be perma-
nent in the series in the British Museum. The widening of the red
crown on the nape is found alike in birds from both countries, and
the shade of colour in the blue of the throat and eyebrow is equally
variable.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.

a. 2 a<i- sk-

b. Ad. sk.

c. 5 ad. sk.

d-k. cS ; I, m, n.

2 ad. sk.
o-w. Ad. ; :r.

Juv. sk.
y-c'. S fid.; d' ,

e,f. $ad. sk.
^'. Ad.; A'. Juv.

sk.
i', k'. Ad. sk.
r. cS ad. sk.
m'. Juv. sk.
n'-s'. (S; t', u'.

$ ad. sk.
v'. Ad. sk.
w'. Ad. sk.

Batang Padang, Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].

Penan^ {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

Salangore, March 19 ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

son).

Klaug, Feb.-April, July, Sept. Hume Coll.

( W. Davison).

Malacca, July to Sept. (TK. Hume Coll.

Davison).

Malacca, Aug. {R.G. W.R.). Tweeddale Coll.

Malacca {Dr. Maingay).

Malacca (Dr. Cantor).

Malacca (-4. R. Wallace).

Malacca.

Johore, March to Aug., Sept.

( W. Davison).
Singapore.
Sumatra {Raffles).

.v'. cJ ad. sk. Sumatra.

y',z'. (S ad. sk. Siedjoendjong, Sumatra, Sept.

( Carl Bock).
a"-e". Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E. C.
Buccton).
Billiton.

r',V'-Ad.;5".
Inim. sk.

i". Ad. sk.

k". Ad. sk.
X". Ad. sk.
/x". d ad. sk.

v'. ? ad. sk.

^", o''. Ad. sk.
tt". Ad. sk.

Kina Balu, N.W. Borneo {F.

Burbidge).
Labuan {Sir H. Loto).
Lumbidan {Sir H. Loiv).
Busan, Sarawak, Oct. {A.

Everett).
Busan, Saraw.ak, Oct. {A.

Everett).
Sarawak.
Baiijarmassiug (/. Motley).

Tweeddale Coll.

India Museum.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Hume Coll.

Hiune Coll.

India Museum. (Type

of species.)
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

H. Yeitch, Esq. [P.].

R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvm-Godman Coll,

Tweeddale Coll.

Rajah Brooke [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

13. CYANOPS. 61

13. CYANOPS. T, „^

Type.
Cyanops, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zi/f/od. p. 12 (18o4) C. asiatica.

Range. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, throughout Cochin-China
and the Burmese countries, and the Malayan Peninsula to Java,
Sumatra, and Borneo ; Hainan and Formosa.

Key to the Species.

a. With bright colours ou the head — red, blue,
green, or yellow.
a . With blue on the throat, no yellow.
a". Forehead scarlet like the crown.

a'". Band across the crown black asiatica, p. 62.

b'" . Band across the crown blue daiyisoni, p. 65.

h" . Forehead yellow like the crown ; eye-
brow and feathers below the eye pale
blue like the throat; cheeks yellow. . Jlavifrous, p. 65.
c". Forehead yellow ; hinder crown blue.
c'". Throat green, followed by a golden

necklace armillaris, p. 66.

d'". Throat hght blue; round the hind

neck a red collar henrici, p. 67.

d" . Forehead green mottled with blue.
e'". With a scarlet loral spot and nape-
patch ; two black streaks on side of

head incognita, p. 68.

/'". With no scarlet and no black streak

on the head pulcherri7na, p. 69.

b'. With yellow on the throat.

e". With scarlet across the forehead,

followed by yellow on the crown, and

then by a scarlet nape-spot ; throat

yellow.

ff"^. The yellow throat followed by

hoary grey, like the sides of the

face ; no scarlet spot on sides of

fore neck.

g^. Eyebrow black franklini, p. 69.

A*. Eyebrow hoary grey, black on
each side of the red nape-spot

only ramsatji, p. 70.

h'" . The yellow throat followed by blue,
with a red spot on each side of the

fore neck oorti, p. 71.

/". With yellow across the forehead;
hinder crown scarlet ; throat scarlet,
blue on fore neck ; a blue spot below
the eye and a yellow spot on the fore

part of the cheeks mystacophanes, p. 72.

g". Forehead greenish or yellowish green.
{" . Lores yellowish green ; no red loral

spot monticola, p. 74.

62 CAPITONID^.

k'" . With a red loral spot.

i^. Crown of head blue like the sides
of face, hinder cheeks, and lower
throat, followed by scarlet on the

fore neck nuchnlis, p. 74.

k*. Crown of head with a scarlet patch ;
sides of face green, with a little
blue below the eye and on the [p- 72.

lower throat mystacophanes ]\\.\.,

h" . Forehead black like the crown, with a
scarlet patch ; sides of face and lower
throat cobalt-blue, followed by scarlet, faber, p. 75.
c'. With a green throat like rest of upper
surface ; forehead blue ; head brown ;
nasal plumes and under tail-coverts red . lagrandieri, p. 7o.
h. "With no bright colours on the head, which
is brown, mottled with ashy or streaked
with white; general colour green, streaked
below.
d'. W' ith a streak of golden yellow along the
ear-coverts and a scarlet spot on each

Hide of the fore neck phepoxtriofa, p. 7fi.

e'. With no yellow streak on sides of face
and no scarlet spot on sides of the fore
neck.
i". W^ith ashy tips to the wing-coverts.

r". Smaller and slightly brighter zeylonica, p. 76.

vi'" . Larger and less bright caniceps, p. 77.

k" . Without ashy tips to wing-coverts.
n'" . Larger ; back centred with yellow-
ish-white streaks to the feathers ;
head mottled with ashy tips to the

feathers lineata, p. 80.

o'". Smaller; back uniform gi-een, not
streaked ; head uniform brown, not
mottled with ashy tips riridix, p. 83.

1. Cyanops asiatica.

Blue-cheeked Curucui, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. 1787, p. 93.

Trogon asiaticus. Lath. hid. Orn. 1790, p. 201.

Le Barbu a gorge bleue, Levaill. Ois. de Paradis ^c. Barbus, 1806,

p. 57, pis. 21, 22.
Bucco caeruleus, Dummif, Diet. Sci. Nat. iv. 1816, p. 48.
Capito cyanocollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iv. 1816, p. 498.
Bucco cyanops, Cuv. Eigne Anim. i. 1817, p. 428 ; McClell. P. Z. S.

1839, p. 165.
Bucco cyanicoUis, Temm. PL Col. iii. 1831, fexte genre Barhu ; Haiil.

Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 337 ; Sundev. Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist, xviii.

1846, p. 398.
Megalaima asiatica. Gray, Gen. B. ii. 1846, p. 429; id. Cat. Mamm.

8^c. Nepal pres. Hodg.^. 1846, p. 114; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As.

Soc. 1849, p. 67 ; Bp'. Consp. i. 1850, p. 143 ; Tytler, Ann. ^- Mag.

Nat. Hist, new series, xiii. 1854, p. 367 ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas,

Buccones, 1863, p. 16; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mtis. 1868, p. 8 ;

id. Hand-l. B. ii. 1870, p. 174, no. 8442.

13. CTAN0P8. 63

Bucco asiaticus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. 1846, p. 13 ; id. Ann. 8f

Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. 1847, p. 385 ; Tickell, J. A. «S'. Beng. xvii.

pt. 1, 1848, p. 298.
Bucco C8erulei;jula, Hodgn. Icon. ined. i?i Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 322.

fig. 1 (no. 171) ; id. in Gray's Zool. 3Iisc. 1844, p. 85.
Cyanops asiatica, Bp. Consp. Valuer. Zggod. 1854, p. 12; Horsf. Sf

Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. 1856, p. 640; Jerd. B. Ind.

i. 1862, p. 313 ; Bb/th Sf Wald. B. Burm. 1875, p. 73 ; Beavan,

Ibis, 1865, p. 412 ; Blgth, Ibis, 1867, p. 297, note ; Hume, Nests <!^

Eqqs Ltd. B. 1873, p. 131 ; id. Str. F. 1874, p. 472; id. ^ Oates,

S'tr. F. 1875, p. 77 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 232 ; Oates,

Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. 1883, p. 133.
Meguliema asiatica, Ti/tler, Ibis, 1868, p. 201 ; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. 1870, p. 63, pL 29 ; Blyth i^- Wald. B. Burm. 1875, p. 73 ;

Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 27 ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 457 ;

Anderson, Zool. Erped. Yunnan, 1878, p. 584 ; Hume ^ Davison,

Str. F. vi. 1875, p. 151 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 88 ; Scully, t. c.

p. 252 ; Oates, Str. F. x. 1882, p. 192 ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll.

1882, p. 446 ; C. H. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 410 ; Beid, Cat.

Lucknow Mus. 1886, p. 38.

Adult male. General colour above light grass-green ; wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, primarj'-coverts, and quills
rather deeper grass-green, the secondaries like the back, the
primaries externally yellowish towards the ends ; tail-feathers
green above, blue below ; crown of the head scarlet, as well as the
occiput and nape ; across the vertex a black band, preceded by an
ill-defined yellowish line before the forehead, which is scarlet, as
well as the lores ; the black band continued backwards above the
eyebrow, which is bright cobalt like the feathers round the eye,
the sides of the face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and throat ; sides of the
neck yellowish green like the rest of the under surface of the
body from the fore neck downwards ; on each side of the fore neck
a large spot of scarlet ; under wing-coverts yellowish isabelline ;
quills below dusky brown, yellowish along the inner edge : " bill
greenish yellow horny, black above ; margins of eyelids orange ; iris
hazel-brown, brown, or reddish brown: feet dingy green; claws
horny black " {J. Scully). Total length S"3 inches, culmen 1-1, wing
4-2, tail 2-75, tarsus 1-1.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 8-5 inches,
culmen 1*1, wing 4"1, tail 2-7, tarsus I'Oo.

C asiatica has an almost imperceptible spot of scarlet at the
base of the lower mandible. Several specimens from its eastern
range show a slight trace of blue over the black crown, although
never to the same extent as in C. davisoni.

Hah. The Himalayas from Cashmere eastward to the Burmese
countries and Northern Tenasserim, occurring also in Dacca and
near Calcutta.

a. Ad. sk. Kangra (S. Pinwill). Tweeddale Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Dhurmsala, Cashmere, April Hume Coll.

( W. E. Brooks).

c. d. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Pinwill CoU.

64

CAPITONIB^.

e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.

h. Ad. sk.

i, k. (S 2 ad. sk.

1. Ad. sk.
m-j. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.
t, u, V. Ad. sk.
w, X, y. Ad. sk.

2. Ad. sk.

a'-d'. Ad. ; e'.

Juv. sk.
f'-m'. Ad. ; w '.

Juv. sk.
o' ,p'. Ad. sk.

q ,r. Ad. sk.

s'. (S ad. sk.

i', m'. c? 2 <id. ;

d'. 5 imm. sk.
?«'. Imm. sk.
a:', y'. 6 ad. ; s',

a". 2 fid. sk.
b", c". Ad. sk.
d"-i" . (S ; A;", /".

$ ad, sk.
m"-p". Ad. sk.

q" -u". Ad. sk.
v". (5' ad.; w"-
2/". 2 ad. sk.
s". Ad. sk.
a. 2 ad. sk.

^. 2 ad. sk.

y, S. S ad. ; €, f.

2 ad. sk.
i;-7r. Ad. sk.

p. (5 ad. sk.

(T. (S ad. .sk.
T. 2 ad. sk.

V, cf). c? ad. sk.

Mussoorie.

Between Dhunda and Dras,

May 27 ( W. E. Brooks).
Debra Dhoou.
Sewalik Hills, March

{Dr. Scott).
Kumaon (Strachey).
Almorah.
Nepal.

Nepal.

Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).

Nepal Valley, April, May,

Dec. {J. Scully).
Native Sikhim, Nov. {L.

Mu7idelli).
Sikhim, April, June {L.

Mandelli).
Darjeeling, Feb., March.

Buxa Dooars, Jan. (Z. Man-
delli).

Assam (McClelland).

Shillong, July {A. W. Chen-
nell).

Shillong, July, Oct. {J. Cock-
burn).

Shillong, Dec. {W. Davison).

Tippook, March, April
(J. Cockburn).

Dollah, April {J. Cockburn).

Dibrughui-, March to June,
Dec. (/. R. Crijrps).

Khasia Hills, Nov., Dec. (A.
W. Chennell).

Manipur, Feb., May (A. O. H.)

Calcutta, Dec, Feb.

Dacca.

Arakan Hills, Jan. {E. W.
Oates).

E. Pegu Hills, April 22 (E.
W. Oates).

Tonghoo, March, April {R. G.
W. R.).

Karen Hills, Jan., April, Aug.,
Oct., Nov. (R. G. W. R.).

Tsankoo Hills, April 4 {R. G.
W. R.).

Kachin Hills, Feb. 13.

Pahpoon, Jan. 4 ( W. Davi-
son).

Kollidoo, Feb. 2 {W. Davi-
son).

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
(Type of B. c(Pi-iileigula.)
Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

13. CTANOPS. 65

'2. Cyanops davisoni. (Plate IV. fig. 1.)

Megaliiima davisoui, Hume, Str. F. v. 1877, p. 108.

Megidsema davisoni, Hume ^ Davison, Str. F. vi. 1878, p. 1.51 ;
Hume, Str. F. viii. 1S79, p. 88; Einglmn, Str. F. ix. 1880,
p. 165 ; Snlvad. A)i>/. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) v. 1888, p. 562.

Cyanops davisoni, Gates, Handh. R. Brit. Burm. ii. 1883, p. 134.

Adult male. Similar to C. asintica, but smaller, and distinguished
by the band across the vertex, which is verditer-blue instead of
black ; above the blue eyebrow a line of black, widening out above
the ear-coverts. Total length 8'25 inches, culmen 1, wing 3-7,
tail 2-4, tarsus 1-05.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7'5 inches,
culmen 0-95, wing 2-6, tail 2-25, tarsus 1-05.

IJab. Ileplaces the foregoing species in Central Tenasserim.

a-c. 2 ad. sk. Thenganee Sakan, Jan. ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison),
d-h. ^ ad. ; i-n. Thoungya, Sept., Oct. (J. Dar- Hume Coll.

2 ad. et juv. Ung).

sk.
o. c? ad.sk. Assoon, Feb. 2 (7F. imio)-^). . Tweeddale Coll.

p. V ad. sk. Meplay, March 16 (C. T. Bing- Hume Coll.

ham).
q, r. (5 ad. ; s. Houngthraw River, Feb. ( W. Tweeddale Coll.

2 ad. sk. Limborg).

t-u\ (S ad. sk. Meetau, Feb. ( W. Davisoti). Hume Coll.

3. Cyanops flavifrons.

Le Barbu a front d'Or, Levaill. II. X. Barbus, p. 129, pi. 55 (180G).

Bucco flavifrous, Cuvier, Bigne Amni. i. p. 428, note (1817).

Biicco aurifrous, Temm. Bl. Col. iii. tixte genre liarbu, esp. 12

(1831).
Megalaima flavifrons, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 143 (1850); Kvlaart, P)-odr. Cat. p. 127 (1852); Layard,

Ann. ^- Mag. Nat. Hist (2) xiii. p. 447 (1854); Goffin, Mus.

Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 23 (1863); Gray, List Capit. Brit.

Mus. p. 8 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. lt4, no. 8444 (1870) ;

Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 429 ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 204.
Cyanops flavifrons, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 014 (1862) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867,

p. 297 ; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 15.
Megalicma flavifrons, Marshall, Monoyr. Capit. p. 69, pi. 30 (1871);

Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 370 (1878), 1879, p. 88 ; Legge, B. Ceylon,

p. 212, pi. 10. fig. 2 (1879).

Adult male. General colour above dark grass-green ; wing-
coverts a little deeper green than the back; bastard-wing, primarj--
coverts, and quills blackish, externally green, the primaries edged
with yellow near the end of the outer web ; tail-feathers green
above, blue below : crown of head dusky greenish, with shaft-
streaks of golden yellow ; the hind neck, upper mantle, and sides
of neck green with greenish- white longitudinal centres to tbe

V0I-. XIX. F

66 CAPITONID^.

feathers, much broader on the latter ; forehead and sinciput golden
yellow ; lores, eyebrow, feathers round eye, sides of face, and ear-
coverts cobalt-blue ; fore part of cheeks golden yellow ; hinder
cheeks bluish green, with white centres to the feathers ; throat
light cobalt-blue, remainder of under surface of the body very pale
green, the fore neck and chest having the feathers edged with
emerald-green, producing a scaly appearance ; under wing-coverts
yellowish isabelline washed with green ; quills below dusky, yellow
along the inner edges : " bill greenish horny, slightly dusky at base
of culmen, lower mandible paler ; tarsus and feet sickly green, the
tarsi in some bluish, soles yellow ; claws dusky ; iris light red or
])ale brownish red, a pale outer circle often present " ( W. V. Legge).
Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0'85, wing 3-5, tail 2-25,
tarsus 0"9.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length
8 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 3"55, tail 2*3, tarsus 0'95.

Hah, Ceylon.

a, b. Ad. sk.

Ceylon.

T. Thwaites, Esq. [C.].

c. Ad. sk.

Ceylon.

Gould Coll.

d-i. Ad. sk.

Ceylon (H. Nevill). _

Tweeddale Coll.

k-m. <S: n,o.

Ceylon, Jan., April (S.

Tweeddale Coll.

5 ad. sk.

Chapman).

p. Ad. sk.

Nuwara Eliya.

E. Boate, Esq. [C.].

q. Ad. sk.

Kandy.

Hume Coll.

r. 2 ad. sk.

South Ceylon, Aug. 20.

Hume Coll.

«. d ad. sk.

Western Province, Ceylon,
July 21.

Colonel Legge [P.].

t. Ad. sk.

Central Province.

Colonel Legge [P.].

w. 2 3<i- ^^•

Opate Forests, Ceylon,
April 2o(Jr". V. Legge).

Seebohm CoU.

4. Cyanops armillaris.

Bucco armillaris, 2'em7)i. PL Col. iii. pi. 89. fig. I (1824) ; Cuv.

Hegne Anim. p. 4o8 (1829) ; Uartl. Eev. Zool. 1842, p. 337.
Megalaima armillaris, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 143 (1850); Goffin, Mus. Pai/.^-Bas, Buccones, p. 22 (1863) ;

Grai/, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 7 (1868) : id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174,

no. 8438 (1870); Vorderm. Ti/dschr. Nederl. /wd. xlv. p. 319

(188o).
Megalasma armillaris, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 61, pi. 28 (1871) ;

Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 142.

Adult male. General colour above dark grass-green ; wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills
blackish, externally like the back, the primaries yellowish along
the ends of their outer web ; tail-feathers green above, bluish
below ; centre of the crown and occiput cobalt^blue ; nape and hind
neck green, with a spot of golden yellow on each side of the latter ;
forehead and sinciput brilliant orange-yellow ; base of the forehead
and lores black ; eyebrow, feathers round eye, sides of face, ear-
corerts, cheeks, and under surface of body emerald-green ; across

13. CYAN0P9.

67

the fore neck a collar of bright orange-yellow ; under win--
coverts yellowish isabelline, washed with green; quills below
dusky yellowish along the inner edge: " bill black, lead-colour at
the base; legs lead-coloured, with an ochre-yellow tint- claws
black ; ins dark vandyke-brown " {Dr. Vorderman). Total len-th
/ -5 inches, culmen 0-i»5, wing 3-05, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-95. ^

Adidt female. Similar to the male. Total length 7 inches
culmen 0-9, wing 3-5, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-9.

Hub. Java.

a. S ad. sk. Petjet, Java, Oct. {Mm. Gould CoU.

IiUffd.).

i>o. d2 ad sk. Java {Mus. Luffd.). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, elmm.sk. Java Tweeddale Coll.

/. Ad. sk. _ W Java {A. B. WaUace). Tweeddale Coll.

g. c? ad. ; h, t. W. Java. WaUace Coll.

Ad. sk.

k. Ad. St. Java. Purchased.

5. Cyanops henrici.

Bucco henricii rmm. PL Col. iii. pi. .504 (1831); Boie, Brief. Ost-

Ind. no. 15 (1832). •'

Bucco moluccensis, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1842, p 3-36
Bucco armillaris, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv.'p.'l3 (i846)
Megalaima moluccensis. Gray, Gen. B.\i. p. 429(1846) ; Bp. Consp.

1. p. 144 (looO),
Megalaima oorti, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846)
^^^(fsiqf'' "^^illai-is («^c T.), Blyth, Cat. B. 'ifus. As. Soc. p. 67
Megalaima henricii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 143 (1850); Gojln, Mm. Pays-

Sf^«?'''T#' 5-,^i^.l^6-^)' Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p 7
(18b8) ; id. Hand-l. B. 11. p. 174, no. 8437 (1870)
Cyanops hem-icii, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 643

MegaliEma henricii, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 71 pi 31 ri87n •
farpe. Ibis, 1879, p. 239; Hume, Str. i=; 1879fpp. 53, 88'
Salvm, Cat Stnck Coll. p. 446 (1882); Biittik. Notes Leyden
mus. IX. p. 1.0 (1886). •'

Adult male. Similar to C. armillaris, and having a similar
orange-yellow crown with a blue vertex and occiput, the yeUow
continued in a broad band along the sides of the crown • feathers
above the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, and hind neck green, the
latter separated from the back by a distinct collar of bri-ht
vermilion ; throat light cobalt-blue, with an orange spot on each
side of the fore neck, instead of the orange colour of C. armillaris-
" bill black ; legs and feet glaucous green, claws dark greenish
horny ; ins dark brown " ( ]Y. Davison). Total length 8-75 inches
culmen 1, wing 3-8, tail 2-1, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but not quite so brightly
coloured : " bill black ; legs slaty green ; iris brown " {R. O
\\ardlawliamsay). Total length 8-7 inches, culmen M wing
3-9, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-85. ®

k2

68 CAPITONID^.

Young. Nearly entirely green, save for a little blue on the throat
and a slight tinge of golden yellow on the forehead ; lores black ;
cheeks lighter and more emerald-green. The yellow spot on the
sides of the fore neck seems to be developed very early.

Hah. Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo,

a. Ad. sk. Penang. Wallace Coll.

h. Ad. sk. MouutaiB of Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].

c-h. (S ad. et Klang, Jan. to March, July Hume Coll.

juv. ; i,k. 2 {W.Davison).

ad. sk.

l-q. Ad. ; ;•, s. Malacca, Jan., July ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

.Tuv. sk. son).

t. 5 ad. sk. Malacca, Aug. (R. G. W. R.). Tweeddale Coll.

u. Ad. sk. Malacca, Nov. {Dr. Mainyay). Tweeddale Coll.

V. (S ad. sk. Malacca {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

w, X. (S ad. sk. Malacca. Wallace Coll.

y. Juv. sk. Malacca. Purchased.

s-c". c7 Jad. sk. Johore, March, Aug. {IV. Hume CoU.

Davison).

/", ff". Ad. sk. Singapore. Hume Coll.

h". Ad. sk. Sumatra. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

i", k". Ad. St. Sumatra. Purchased.

/". cJ ad. sk. Sarawak (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

m". Ad. sk. Sarawak {II. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

6. Cyanops incognita. (Plate IT. fig. 3.)

Megalaima incognita, Htime, Str, F. 1874, pp. 442, 486 ; Wald. in

Bh/fh's B. Burin, p. 74 (1875).
Megalsema incognita, Hume S,- Davison, Str. F. vi. 1878, pp. 151,

501 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 88 ; Binyham, t. c. p. 194, i.x. 1880,

p. 166.
Cyanops incognita, Oate-i, Hcmdli. B. Brit. Bur7n. ii. p. 134 (1883).

Adult male. General colour above emerald-green, with a distinct
gloss on the mantle and scapulars ; wing-coverts a little darker than
the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish,
externally green like the back : the primaries yellowish near the
end of the outer web ; tail-feathers green above, bluish below ;
crown of head bright emerald-green, a little bluer on the sides of the
crown ; an occipital spot of scarlet : extreme base of forehead and
lores scarlet ; feathers below and round the eye bright emerald-green
washed with Vdue, with a black band from the base of the lower
mandible ; eyelids yellow : cheeks and ear-coverts emerald-green,
the latter surmounted by a short band of blue ; under surface of the
body pale green, brighter and washed with blue on the throat and
fore neck : on the sides of the lower throat a spot of scarlet ; under
wing-coverts yellowish isabelline ; quills below dusky, yellowish
along the inner edge : " upper mandible, eyelids, and tip of lower
mandible dusky horny ; remainder of bill paler ; legs and feet
grass-green ; iris nut-brown " ( W. Davison). Total length 7"3
inches, culraen 1-05, wing 3-8, tail 2-15, tarsus 0-9.

13. CTAN0P8. 69

Adult female. Similar to the male, but scarcely so bright, and
having the occipital spot rather smaller. Total length 7 inches,
culmen 1, wing 3-7, tail 2-15, tarsus (>95.

Yomiff. Like the adult, but with a pale base to the brown
mandible ; the scarlet on the lores feebly developed ; the scarlet
occipital spot absent ; the spot on each side of the lower throat
represented bj' a faint mark of orange-yellow.

Hab. Central Tenasserim.

a. S ad. sk. Near Myawadee, April 21 (C. Ilume Coll.

T. Bingham).

b, c. cS <id. sk. Amherst, July 19 ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
<i-f- 6 ; i/- 2 ISenv Tavoy, April ( W. JJavi- Hume Coll.

ad. sk. sow).

7. Cyanops pulcherrima.
Megalsema pulcherrima, Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 393, pi. ii. tig. 2.

Adult. Similar to C. incognita, but differs in the absence of the
red on the head and lower throat, and the nearly uniform colouring
of the sides of the head, and absence of the black streaks behind the
eye : " bill black ; feet scaly green ; iris black " (J. Whitehead).
Total length 7*8 inches, culmen O'S, wing 3-7, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-95.

Hab. Kina Balu Mountain, North Borneo.

a,b. c? 2 ad. sk, Kina Balu (/. Whitehead). Seebohm Coll.

8. Cyanops franklini.

Bucco franklini, Bb/th, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 167 (1842), xv. p. 13

(184(5).
Bucco igniceps, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 322.

lig. 2 (no. 172) ; id. in Gray^s Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844).
Megalaima franklini, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846) ; Blyth, Cat.

B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 68 (1849); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 144 (18-30);

Gray, Cat. Mamn. 8,-c. Nepal pres. Hodys. p. 114 (1863) ; Goffin,

Mus. Bays-Bas, i. Buccones, p. 20 (186.3); Graif, List Capit.

Brit. Mus. p. 8 (1868) ; id. Rand-l. B. ii. p. 174. no". 8443 (1870).
Cyanops franklini, Ilorsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 643

(1856) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 314 (1862) ; Beavan, Ibis, 1805, p. 412 ;

Bidyer, Ibis, 1869, p. 157; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 11; Hume, Nests

^- Egys Bid. B. p. 131 (1873).
MegaLnema franklini, Gould, B. Asia, vi. pi. 50 (1870) ; Marshall,

Monogr. Capit. p. 51, pi. 24 (1871) ; Blyth i<f Walden, B. Burm.

p. 74 (pt.) (1875) ; Hume, Sir. F. 1879. p. 88 ; Scully, t. c. p. 252.

Adult male. General colour above grass-green ; scapulars like the
back ; lesser wing-coverts deep blue, median and greater coverts
green, -with blue edges ; bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and quills
black, externally blue, the secondaries externally green like the
back ; tail-feathers green above, bine below ; crown c^" head bright
golden yellow, with a scarlet spot on the occiput ; sides of the hinder
crown black from the lores, with a bluish tinge on the sides of the

70 CAPITONID^.

nape; forehead scarlet; lores black like the eyebrows, as well as
the feathers round and below the eye ; ear-coverts hoary grey,
extending over the hinder cheeks and across the lower throat ; fore
part of cheeks, chin, and upper throat golden yellow ; remainder of
under surface from the fore neck downwards light yellowish green ;
under wing-coverts yellowish isabeUine, washed with green ; quills
below blackish, yellowish along the inner edge : " biU black, grey
at base ; feet green, claws dusky ; iris brown " {J. Scully). Total
length 8 inches, culmen 1, wing 2-9, tail 2-5, tarsus 1.

Young. Like the adult, but with all the bright colours feebly
developed ; head dull golden yellow with scarlet on the forehead and
nape ; the grey on the sides of the face and throat not developed,
the latter washed with yellow, the lower throat green washed with
blue.

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, Assam, and Manipur.

a, b. Ad. sk. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.

(Types of B. igniceps.)
c-g. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).

h. Ad. St. Behar. Hodgson Coll.

i. (S ad. sk. Nepal VaUey, May 21 {J. Hume Coll.

Scully).

k. Ad. sk. Dolaka, Nepal, Jan. (L. Man- Hume Coll.

delli).

l-p. Ad. sk. Sikhim, Jan., May, Dec. (i. Hume Coll.

Mandelli).

q-y. Ad. sk. Darjeeling. Hume Coll.

z. Juv. sk. Darjeeling. Tweeddale CoU.

a. Ad. sk. Assam {A. W. Chennelt). Tweeddale Coll,

V . Ad. sk. Shillong {J. Cockbiirn). Hume CoU.

c'. (S ad. sk. Naga Hills, March 19 {A. Tweeddale Coll.

W. Chemiell).

d', e'. Ad. sk. Khasia Hills (Griffith). India Museum.

f-i'. c? ad. ; k'. Aimole, Manipur, April (A. Hume Coll.

$ ad. sk. 0. H).

I'-o'. S ad. ; p'- Machi, Manipur, May {A. Hume Coll.
$'. $ ad. sk. O. H).

9. Cyanops ramsayi. (Plate IV. fig. 2.)

Megalaema ramsayi, Wald. Ann. {<f Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xv. p. 400
(1875) ; id. in Myth, B. Burm. p. 74 (1875) ; Hume, Str.F. 1875,
p. 402 ; Wardlatv Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 457 ; Hume Sf Davison,
Str. F. vi. 1878, p. 152; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 88 ; Sakad. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) v. p. 5G1 (1888).

Cyanops ramsayi, Oates, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 135 (1883) ; Sharpe,
P.Z.S. 1887, p. 442.

Adult male. Similar to C asiatica, but distinguished by the
colour of the eyebrow, which is hoary grey like the ear- coverts, and
not black ; bill black, basal portion of maxilla and lower part of
mandible slaUfe-colour : " legs dirty greenish white ; iris nut-brown "
(War-dlaw Ramsay). Total length 8 inches, culmen 1, wing 3"75,
tail 2-36, tarsus 0-95.

13. CYAN0P3. 71

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 7'5
inches, culmen 0'95, wing 3"75, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-95.

Young. All the plumage duller than in the adults, and the bright
parts of the head feebly indicated ; the bluer markings on the hinder
crown not developed, these parts being green ; throat dull hoary
grey, washed with yellow.

The Perak birds are more coarsely streaked with grey on the sides
of the hinder crown, and have the wing rather shorter. Wing 3-55
to 3-G.

Bah. Replaces the foregoing species in the Burmese and Tenas-
serim hills.

a, b. S 2 ''I'l- sk. Kareu-nee, March (R. G. Tweeddale Coll.

JV. Ji.). (Types of the species.)

c-f/. S ad. ; h, i, Karen-nee, Jan., March, April Tweeddale Coll.

k. $ ad. sk. (i?. G. IV. R.).

I. Juv. sk. Toiighoo {R. G. W. R.). Tweeddale Coll.

m-p. S ad. ; q. Paraduba, Tenasserim, Jan. Hume Coll.

$ ad. sk. ( W. Davison),

r-b'. tS ad. ; c'. Mooleyit, Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

2 ad. sk.

d', €.'. 5 ad. sk. Mooleyit, April ( W. Limhorg). Tweeddale Coll.

f, g". 2 ad. sk. Meetan, Feb. 4 ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

h'. cJ ad. sk. Myawadee, Jan. '2Q ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

S07l).

i. c? ad. sk. Thoungyeen Valley, Dec. 29. Major C. T.Bingham

k',r. S 2 ad. sk. Mountains of Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].

10. Cyanops oorti.

Bucco oorti, S. Miiller, Nat. Gesch. en Phys. ii. p. 341, pi. 8. fig. 4

(18;3o) ; Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 337.
Megalaima oorti, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i.

]). 143 (1850); Goffin, Mas. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 21 (1863);

Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mm. p. 7(1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174,

no. 8440 (1870).
Megalsema oorti, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854) ; Marshall,

Monoqr. Capit. p. 59, pi. 27 (1871) ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mas.

ix. p." 16 (L-?86) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 442.
Cyanops oorti, Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 180 (1879).

Adult female. General colour above light grass-green ; wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and quills
dusky blackish, externally like the back, the primaries yellowish
towards the ends of the outer web ; tail-feathers green above, blue
beneath ; crown of head pale straw-yellow, with a scarlet spot on
the occiput and nape ; hind neck green like the back ; forehead and
lores scarlet ; a black eyebrow widening above the ear-coverts and
having a blue band between it and the scarlet nape-spot ; feathers
round eye greenish yellow ; sides of face and ear-coverts and hinder
cheeks cobalt-blue ; a black band from the angle of the bill above
the cheeks, the fore part of which is yellow like the chin and upper

72 CAPITOKID^.

throat ; lower tLruat cobalt-blue, with a scarlet spot on the sides
of the fore neck, which is emerald-green like the rest of the under
surface ; under wing-coverts yellowish, washed with green ; quills
below dusky yellow along the inner edge : " bill black, feet bluish
green ; iris dark brown " (Dr. Klaesi). Total length 7-5 inches,
culmen 0-9, wing 3-55, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-9.

Hah. High mountains of the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sumatra.

c, c?. Ad. sk. Lolo, Sumatra (CflWi?or/i). Tweeddale Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Ayer Angat, Sumatra ( Carl Tweeddale Coll.

Bock),
f. 2 ad. sk. Mountains of Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].

11. Cyanops mystacophanes.

Bucco mystacophanes, Temm.Pl. C'ul. iii. p. 315 (1824); Cuv. Rbpie

Anim. p. 458 (1829).
Bucco quadi-icolor, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105; Blyth, J. A. S.

Beng.xv.-p.lida'-iO).
Megalaima mystacophanes, G)-ay, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; B}^

Conq). i. p. 143 (1850) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 464 ; Gojln, Mus.

Pmjs-Bds, Buccones, p. 18 (1863); Grai/, List C'apif. Brit. Mus.

P-
Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 130 (18S3)

Megalajma mystacophanes, Sclaf. P. Z. S. 18'33, p. 210; Tweedd.

Ibis, 1877, p. 299 ; S/iarpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 230 ; Nicholson, Ibis,

1883, p. 87.
Megalaema mystacophanes, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 12 (1854) ;

Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 41, pi. 19; Hume, Sir. F. 1874,

son, ibis, 1882, p. 57; Snellem. in VcUis Middoi-Sumatra, p. 35

(1885) ; Biiftik. Kotes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 15 (1880).
Megalffima humei, Marshall, Ibis, 1870, p. 536 ; id. Munoyr. Capit.

p. 45, pi. 21 (1871).
Chotorhea nebulosa, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. Inti-od. p. xxxix.
Chotorhea mystacophanes, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cii: Genov. xiv. 1879,

p. 179.

Adult male. General colour above dark grass-green ; wing-coverts
like the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black,
externally green, the primaries edged with yellow towards the tip ;
tail-feathers green above, blue below ; crown of head scarlet,
narrowing towards the occiput and nape ; the sides of the latter
bright green like the hind neck and sides of the neck ; forehead
golden yellow ; lores scarlet, surmounted by a black line which
extends above the eye, hence with a few blue feathers to behind the
latter, where it forms a large black spot above the ear-coverts :
below the eye a large patch of bright cobalt; car-coverts and hinder

13. CTANOPS. 73

cheeks bright green ; fore part of cheeks with a bright yellow spot ;
chin and upper throat bright scarlet; lower throat with a patch of
cobalt-blue ; a scarlet spot on the sides of the fore neck ; remainder
of the underparts emerald-green, more yellowish green on the
breast ; under tail-coverts green ; under wing-coverts yellowish white
washed with green ; edge of the wing green ; quills below dusky,
yellowish along the inner edges : " bill black ; orbital skin dark
greenish or greenish brown ; legs and feet very pale bluish or horny
green; iris deep hrov^n" (W. Davison). Total length 8'5 inches,
culmen 1-4, wing 3-85, tail 2-2, tarsus 1-0,

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 7*8
inches, culmen 1-3, wing 3- Go, tail 2-6, tarsus 1'05.

Young birds have a pale base to the bill and a yellow or greenish-
yellow throat. The colour of the green plumcige is always more
dingy than in the adults, the forehead is yellowish green, inclining
to bluish or emerald-green on the vertex : the scarlet patch on the
binder crown is at first orange-yellow. There is no black above the
eye, but there is an eyebrow of cobalt- blue, and a patch of that
colour below the eye and on the fore part of the cheeks. Between
the young plumage with the yellow throat and that with the
throat scarlet, the Museum series shows every possible gradation,
and Count Salvadori's exposition of their changes of dress in his
' Uccelli di Eorneo " is undoubtedly correct, nor does there seem to be
any exact sequence in the acquisition of the bright colours and
markings. The scarlet patch on the hinder crown is certainly
acquired very soon, accompanied by a yellow forehead aud emerald-
green vertex, and the yellow cheek-spot and black mark above the
ear-coverts appear to be the last to be donned. The red spot on
either side of the fore neck is often absent.

Hah. From the southern half of the Teuasserim province, tlirough
the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.

(/. $ juv. sk. Mergui, July 11 ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

b, c. (S ad. sk. Paliw-ton-ton, Dec. ( W. Davi- Himie Coll.

)son).
(I. (S ad. sk. South of Yea,, ApriU ( W.Davi- Hume Coll.

son).
e. S ad. sk. Haukachiu, Feb. G ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

soii).
/, fj. S fid. sk. Foot of N'walabo, April ( IV. Hume Coll.

Davison),
h b'. (S ad. et Banka^oon, March to June ( W. Hume Coll.
juv.; c'-h'. 2 Davison).
ad. et juv. sk.
i'.(Jiid.;lc',r. Malewoon, Feb., April, June Hume Coll.

2 juv. sk. ( W. Davison).

t»', n'. Ad. sk. Malewoon, Feb., March. Gates Coll.

o',j>'- 2 imni.sk. Kossonm, Ainil (J. Darlinf/). Hume Coll.
(/. Iniin. sk. Penang. Wallace Coll.

»•', i<'. 2 iiiini. Salangore, July ( Jl'. Davison). Hume Coll.

sk.
('. Ad. sk. Malacca {Charlton). Eyton Coll. (Type

of B. qtuidrivolor.)

74 CAPITONIDJK.

u'. Ad.; v'. Juv. Malacca {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

sk.

w'. Ad. sk. Malacca {R. G. W. It.). Tweeddale Coll.

x'-i". Ad. et Malacca, Feb., July, Sept. ( W. Hume Coll.

juv. sk. Davison).

k". Ad. sk. Singapore. Hume Coll.

l"-n". Ad. sk. Sumatra.

o". c? ad. sk. Mt. Sago, Sumatra, Sept. {Carl Tweeddale Coll.

Bock).

p"-v". Ad. et Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E. C. Tweeddale Coll.

imm. sk. Buxton).

v}"-y". 6 ad.; Sarawak {A. R. Wallace).

s",a. 5 juv. sk.

/3. Juv. sk. Sarawak (A. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

7, h, €. c? ad. ; (. Busan, Sarawak, July, Oct. Tweeddale Coll.

$ jav.sk. {A. Everett).

rj. 2 juv. sk. Simunjon, Sarawak (A. Ever- Tweeddale Coll.

ett).

6. S ad. ; i. $ Jambusan, Sarawak, Sept. A. Everett, Esq. [C.].

Ji

sk.

12. Cyanops monticola.

Cyanops monticola, S/iarpe, Ann. ^- Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iii. p. 424
(1889) ; id. Ibis, 1890, pp. 5, 281.

Adult male. Similar to the immature bird of 0. mystacophanes,
and having a yellow throat and a red spot on each side of the fore-
neck ; the lores and forehead and fore part of crown are yellowish
green, the hinder crown blue with a large crimson patch on the
nape. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 3, tail 2-5, tarsus
1-05.

Hab. Kina Balu Mountain, N.W. Borneo.

a, b. (S ad. et imm. sk. Kina Balu, March {J. Seebobm Coll.

If'hitehead).

13. Cyanops nuchalis.

Megalsema nuchalis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1802, p. 28.3; Sivinh. Ibis, 1863,
p. 387 ; Gould, B. Asia, vi. p. 49 (1804) ; Stiinh. Ibis, 1865, p. 545,
1866, p. 296; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 371 ; David S,- Oust. Ois. Chine,
p. 57 (1877).

Megalaima nuchalis. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174, no. 8439 (1870).

Adult male. Similar to C oorti, but having the lores only scarlet,
the forehead being straw-yellow like the crown ; the hinder crow-n
blue like the sides of the face ; no scarlet nape-spot, but instead a
patch of scarlet feathers on the upper mantle ; sides of face and
throat as in C. oorti, but instead of the spot on each side of the
fore neck there is a collar of scarlet across the latter : " biU bright
bluish grey at the base of the upper and basal half of the lower
mandible, the rest deep greenish black ; legs leaden grey with a
greenish tinge ; sole-pads dingy brownish, claws brownish white,
greenish black on their arches and sides ; iris reddish brown "

13. CYAN0P8. 75

(Swinhoe). Total length 7'5 inches, culmen 0"95, wing 4, tail 2*4,
tarsus 0"95.
Hah. Formosa.

a-/. Ad. sk. Formosa (H. Swinhoe).

ff-n. Ad. et imm. Formosa, March, May, Oct. Seebohm Coll.

sk. (7^. Swmhoe).

0. Ad.sk. Formosa, Jan. (i?. Swinhoe). Hume Coll.

p. Ad. sk. N. Formosa, April {R. Swin- Seebohm Coll. (Type

hoe). of species.)

q. Ad. sk. N. Formosa, April [M. Sioin- Salvin-Godman Coll.

hoe).

14. Cyanops faber.

Megralaema faber, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 96, pi. iv. ; id. P. Z. S.

1871, p. 391 ; Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 59, pi. 25 (1871) ;

David <!(• Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 57 (1877).
Megalaima faber, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174, no. 8441 (1870).

Adult. Of the same general form as G. oorti and C. nuchalis, but
differing from both in its bluer crown, with a large patch of scarlet
on the nape ; throat, and sides of the face as in the above-mentioned
species, but the blue is more of a purplish cobalt ; as in C. nuchalis
there is a scarlet collar across the fore neck : " irides deep reddish
brown ; legs leaden grey with a green tinge " (Swinhoe). Total
length 7'D inches, culmen 1, -wing 4-25, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-95.

Hah. Island of Hainan.

a. Ad.sk. Hainan, Feb. (J?. 'S'M.'mAoe). Seebohm Coll. (Type

of species.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Hainan, Feb. (R. Sivinhoe). Tweeddale Coll.

15. Cyanops lagrandieri.

Megalfema lagrandieri, J'err. N. Arch. Mns. iv. Bull. p. 87 (1868) ;

Marshall, Monoyr. Capit. p. 79, pi. 34 (1871); Tiraud, Bull. Sac.

Ayricol. Cochin Chine, 1879, p. 90.
jSIegiilaima lagi-audieri, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8463 (1870).

Adult male *. General colour green, with more or less of a bluish
shade on the upper surface of the body ; this colour is especially
more pronounced on the lesser wing-coverts, having more of an
olive tone on the lower parts of the body, the middle of the belly
being clear blue ; head and neck brown, darker above than below ;
on the Ibrehead a very narrow band of greenish yellow terminated
with red, the plumes being directed forward ; the next band, which
is larger, has all the feathers terminated with red, the plumes of
the nape and hind part of the neck having also a darker or lighter

* Not having seen a specimen of this Barbet, I have cojiied tlie translation
given by Marshall (/. c).

76

CAPITONID^.

shade of this colour, especially towards the base of the latter ; ear-
coverts washed with blue, traces of which colour are visible on the
ends of the feathers of the chin and fore part of the neck, some of
the latter being tinged with red towards the extremity ; wings
blackish, bordered externally with olive-green on the primaries,
green only on the secondaiies, the inner web all yellowish white,
and the under wing-coverts also of the same colour : tail-feathers
coloured like the wing on the upper part, but having a silvery tinge
underneath ; under tail-coverts blackish at the base and red for the
rest of their extent, the latter colour varying in intensity ; beak
much curved and equal in leugtli to the head, very strong at the
base, conspicuously vai;lted and rather conical, the upper part
blackish, but all the rest whitish, furnished with long bristles ex-
tending for more than half its length ; tarsi rather long, horn-colour,
as also are the nails : wings with the third and fourth quills longest ;
tail rather long and slightly rounded. Total length 12 inches, bill
from gape 2, wing 5"2, tarsus 1'2.
IJab. Cochin China.

16. Cyanops phaeostriata.

Bucco flavostrictus, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 527 (1831).

Megalaima flavostriata, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846).

Megalrtima pliaio.>ticta, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 144 (1850) ; Goffin, Mus.

Pays-Bas, Euccones, p. 30 (18U3); Gray,Lixt Cii/iit Brit. Mus.

p. 13 (18G8) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8461 ( 1870).
Chotorhea phaeosticta, Bj>. Consp. Volua: Zygod. p. 12 (1854).
Megalsema phaiostriata, Marshall, Monoyr. C'apit. p. O'J, pi. 41

(1871) ; Tiraud, Bull. Soc. Ayric. Cochin Chine, 1879, p. 91.

Adult. Grass-green, the wings like the back, the primaries edged
with yellow ; tail-feathers green above, bluish below ; crown of
head and hind neck yellowish white, broadly streaked with brown,
the feathers being centred with blackish brown ; hind neck slightly
washed with green; sides of neck green, streaked with white;
feathers below the eye and ear-coverts emerald-green ; cheeks and
throat dull white, the feathers broadly centred with brown ; re-
mainder of under surface of the body emerald-green, the feathers of
the fore neck, breast, sides of body, and under tail-coverts centred
with dusky blackish ; thighs green externally, white internally ;
under wing-coverts and quill-lining pale yellow. Total length 8"7
inches, culmen l-Oo, wing 4-05, tail 2-3, tarsus 1.

Hah. Cochin China.

a. Ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin Cliina. Tweeddale Coll.

17. Cyanops zeylonica.

Yellow-cheeked Baihet, Broun. Bl. Zvol. p. 34, pi. 15. fig. 1 (1776) ;

Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 506 (17t'3).
Bucco zeylanicns, Gm. Si/sf. Xfit. i.p. 408 (1788); Cuv. Reyne Anim.

i. p. 457, note (1829) ;' Blyth, J. A. S. Bcny. xv. p. 13 (184(;).

13. CVANOI'S, 77

Le Kotterea, Levaill. II. N. Barbus, ii. p. 87, pi. 38 (1806).

Capito zeiloniciis, Vieil^. iV. Did. iv. p. 49D (1816).

Megalaima caniceps (jice Frankl.), Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 420 (18-tG) ;

Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 06 (1849, pt.) ; Layard, Ann. ^

May. N. II. (2) xiii. p. 44(5 (1854) ; Cass. U. S. Krped. (Perry),

p. 242 (IS.56).
Bucco cauiceps, Blyth, J. A. S. Beny. xv. p. 282 (1846).
Bucco viridis {nee liodd.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 144 (1853).
Meoalaima zevlonica, Blijth, J. A. S. Beny. xx. p. 151 (1851);

Kelaart, Brodr. Cat. p. 127 (1852) ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E.I. Co. ii. p. 638 (1856) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 311 (1862) ; Goffin,

Mus. Pai/s-Bas, Buccones, p. .34 (1863) ; Grai/, List Capit. Brit.

Mus. p. "13 (1868); id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. llh, no. 8458 (1870) ;

Iloldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 429 ; Huine, Nests ^- Eyys Ind. B. p. 130

(1873) ; Leyye, Ibis, 1874, p. 15.
Megalagnia zeyioniea, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 296 ; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 95, pi. 40 (1871) ; Hmne, Sir. F. viii. p. 369 (1878), ix.

p. 88 (1879) ; Leyge, B. C ylon, p. 208, pi. 10. fig. 1 (1879).

Adult male. Similar to C. caniceps but smaller, with all the
colours intensilied, the green colour lighter, the brown darker, and
the light streaks and spots much more strongly developed : " bill
dull orange or fleshy red ; legs and feet sickly yellow or pale
olivaceous yellow ; iris reddish brown, with a pale outer circle,
sometimes brownish buff ; orbital skin dull yellow " ( W. V. Legge).
Total length 9"S inches, culmen 1-3, wing 4*5, tail 2-75, tarsus
1-15.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 10
inches, culmen 1-2.5, wing 4-4, tail 2*9, tarsus I'Do.

Young. All the plumage softer and more fluffy ; the brown of the
head and throat much paler than in the adults, and the streaks
almost obsolete ; the green plumage much lighter than in the adults,
and scarcely showing any streaks or spots.

Hab. Replaces C. caniceps in Travancore and Ceylon.

a-^. Ad. et imm. Cevlon (i/^, 3ei'i7/). Tweeddale Coll.

sk.
i. 2 ad. sk. S.W. Ceylon, April 22 ( W. V. Hume Coll.

Ley ye).
k, I. cJ ad. ; m, Hangwella, Ceylon, March, Dec. Tweeddale Coll.

n,o. 2 ad.sk. {S. Chapman).

p. 2 ad. sk. Radwella, Ceylon, March 21 {S. Tweeddale Coll.

Chapman).
q. cJ ad. sk. Roesgode, Ceylon, March 24 {S. Tweeddale Coll.

Chap7na7i).
r. (S ad. sk. Valadoora, Ceylon, April (.S. Tweeddale Coll.

Chapman).
s. 2 iJ- sk. Ragam Corale, Ceylon, Dec. 2 Hume CoU.

{Messrs. Hart),
t-b'. Xd.etimm. Anjaugo, Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll.

sk.

78 CAPITONID^.

18. Cyanops caniceps.

Zool.

Bucco caniceps, FranU. P. Z. S. 1830, p. 121 ; Hartl. Rev.

1842, p. 337 ; £li/th, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 12 (1846).
Bucco lineata (nee V.), Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. ii. p. 579 (1833).
Bucco viridis, pt., Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 217 (1840).
Bucco zeylanicus, pt., Jerd. Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 140 (1844).
Megalaima caniceps. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Blijth, Cat. B.

Mus. As. Soc. p. 66 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 144 (18-50) ;

Horsf. ^ Moore. Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 637 (1856) ; Jerd.

B. Lid. i. p. 310 (1862) ; Gojin, Mus. Bays-Bas, Buccones, p. 36

(1863), note ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 12 (1868) ; id.

Hajid-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8457 (1870) ; Huyne, Nests Sf Eggs Ind.

B. p. 129 (1873).
Chotorhea caniceps, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854).
Megalfema caniceps, Beavan, Ibis, 1865, p. 411 ; Marshall, Monogr.

Capit. p. 39, pi. 91 (1871) ; Jerdon, Ibis, 1872, p. 11 ; Ball, Str. F.

1874, p. 392 ; id. 1877, p. 413 ; id. vii. p. 206 (1878) ; Hume, Str.

F. 1879, p. 88 ; Sidnh. fy Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 63 ; Reid, Cat.

Lucknow Mus. p. 26 (1886) ; id. Str. F. x. p. 25 (1887).
Meo-alsema inornata, Walden, Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) v. p. 219 (1870) ;

Marshall, Monoqr. Capit. p. .38, pi. 89 (1871) ; Jerdon, Ibis, 1872,

p 11 ; Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 410 ; Fairhank, Str. F. 1876, p. 255 ;

Butler, Cat. B. Sind, ^-c. p. 19 (1879) ; Hume, Str. F. 1879,

p. 88 ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. 1880, p. 54 ; Butler, t. c. p. 387 ; td.

B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 25 (1880) ; Davison, Str. F. x. p. 298

(1887).

Adult male. Above bright green, all the feathers streaked with
yeUowish- white shaft-lines, slightly widening towards the ends, and
sometimes with only a pale terminal spot, e.specially on the wing-
coverts, which are somewhat browner ; the lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts uniform green, without stripes; quills dusky
brown, externally green, the primaries yellowish towards the
ends of the outer web ; inner secondaries entirely green with
yellowish spots at the ends like the wing-covcrts ; tail green above,
bluish beneath ; head and neck all round, as well as the throat, fore
neck, and breast, brown, with whitish shaft-streaks, broader on the
hind neck and mantle ; lores, fore part of cheeks, and chin dark
ashy grey ; throat uniform dark brown ; sides of body, flanks, ab-
domen, thighs, and under tail-coverts emerald-green, with a slight
wash of pale brown over the abdomen : under wing-coverts and
inner lining of quills yellowish : " bill brownish flesh-colour ; feet
dingy chrome-yellow, claws brown ; facial skin biiffy yellow, reddish
posteriorly " (A. 0. Hume). Total length IQ-B inches, culmen 1-35,
wing 5, tail 3*2, tarsus 1-15.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 9-5 inches,
culmen 1-45, wing 4-6, tail 2-8, tarsus I-IS.

In the southern portion of the Indian Peninsula a race occurs
which has the green of the underparts more restricted owing to the
gradual extension of the brown of the breast over the abdomen. A

13. CTANOPS.

7»

perfect gradation between this form, Cyanops inornata (Walden),
and the true C. caniceps exists, and I cannot admit their being
specifically distinct.

Hah. The greater part of the Indian Peninsula.

a, b. Ad. ; c.

Imm. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.

h. Imm. sk.
i. cJ ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.

I. d ad. sk.

m. 2 ad. sk.
n, 0. c? $ ad. sk.

p, q. S ad. ; r, s,

t. 2 ad. sk.
u,v. cJ 5 ad. sk.

w. Ad. sk.

X, y, z. Ad. sk.

a'. Ad. ; b', c' .

? ad. sk.
d', e . cS ad. sk.

f, 9'. Ad.; h'.

Juv. sk.
j'. Ad. sk.
k'. Ad. sk.

V. Ad. sk.
in'. 5 ad. sk.

n', o'. cf ad. sk.

p'-ic' . d ad. ; x' ,

y'. 2 ad. sk.
s'. $ ad. sk.

a", b" . S ad. ;

c". 2 ad. sk.
d",e". (S 2 imni.

sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
g". Ad. sk.
^", i". Ad. sk.

A", /". Ad. sk.
m". Ad. sk.

Belira Dhoon.

Dehra Dhoon.

Saharunpur, April.

Sewalik Kange, March {Dr.
Scott).

Kumaon Bbabur, March 24.

Sunnye, Gurbwal, Feb. 5.

Rohiikund Terai {&'. Pin-
u-ill).

Pilibheet, Oct. 23.

Bareilly, May 30.

Chuppra, March {R. M.
Adam).

Allahabad, Jan., Feb., Dec.
(A. O. H.).

Futtegiu-h district {A. Ander-
son).

Lucknow, Feb.

Plains of X.W. Provinces

{S. Pinwill).
Mount Aboo, April {E. A.

Butler).
Mount Aboo, April, May (G.

King) .
Mount Aboo.

Saugor.

Hills north of Khandeish,
May 21.

Matheran, April 7.

IMahableshwar, May {S. B.
Fair bank).

Khaudala, March {S. B. Fair-
bank).

Khaudala, March to May {S.

B. Fairbank).
Ratnagiri, June 11 {J. Arm-
strong).

Ratnagiri, Aug. to Oct. (G.

Vidal).
Jounpur Dist., Feb. 14 (A.

0. H.).
Khalari, March 1.
Jubbulpur Dist.
Maunbhoom, Feb., March {R.

C. Beavan).
Raipur.
Manipur, May 2G.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoD,
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Colonel Way

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Colonel Butler [C.].

Hume CoU.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume CoU.

Hume CoU.

Hume CoU.

Hume CoU.
Hume CoU,
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Colonel Swinhoe

[P.].

80

CAPITONID-li.

o". Ad. sk.

(S ad. sk.
5 ad. sk.

r",s'. c?$

sk.
t". Ad. sk.

ad.

u". Ad. sk.
v", iv" . Ad. sk.
x". cJ ad. sk.
y". cJ ad. sk.

«"-/3. Ad. sk.

Khandeish.

Satpuras, Khandeish, Jan.
Taloda Jungle, Khandeish,

March 20 {J. Davidson).
Khandeish, March 28 {J.

Davidson) .
Tapti Valley, Khandeish,

May.
HuUial, N. Canara, April 8.
Coorg-.

Nilghiris, Dec. 8.
Canuanore, Sept. 9 (R. G.

W. R.).
Malabar.

Tweeddale Coll,
(Type of M. inornata.)
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
W. Davison [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

19. Cyanops lineata.

Capito lineatus, Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 500 (1816).
Bucco leucorhjTichus, Reinw. Batav. Courant, 1820 (teste Gnffin).
Bucco fuscicapillus, Drap. Diet. Class, ii. p. 195 (1822).
Bucco caniceps vel viridis, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Jfws. , Passeres,

pi. 321. tigs. 1, 2 (no. 170); id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85

(1844).
Bucco hneatus, Blyt/i, J. A. S. Bern/, xv. p. 12 (1840).
Megalaima caniceps (nee Fra7tld.), Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal

pres. Hudys. p. 114 (1840).
Megalaima lineata, Blyth, Cut. B. Mns. As. Soc. p. 66 (1849) ; Horsf.

^ Moore, Cat. B. Mns. E. I. Co. ii. p. 636 (1856) ; Jerd. B. Ind.

i. p. 309 (1862) ; Gray, Ll^t Capil. Brit. Mm. p. 12 (1808) ; id.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8455 (1870).
Megalaima hodgsoni, i)"/?. Consp. i. p. 144 (1850) ; Gnffin, Mtt,$. Pays-

.^'fl.s, Buccones, p. 34 (1863); Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mas. p. 12

(1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, "no. 8450 (1870) ; Hume, Nests

\ E(j(js Ind. B. p. 129 (1873).
Chotorhea hodgsoni, Bj). Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854).
Megalaima maclellaudi, Horsf. ^- 3Ioore, Cat. B. Miis. E. I. Co. ii.

p. 637 (1850) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8400 (1870).
Megalasma viridis (nee Bodd.), Goffin, Mns. Pays-Bas, Buccones,

p. 32 (1803) ; Vurderm. Nat. Tijdsdr. Nederl. Ind. xiii. p. 202

(1883).
Megalffima hodgsoni, Blyth, Ibis, 1860, p. 358; Wald. P. Z. S. 1866,

p. 540 ; Marshall, Monoc/r. Capit. p. 85, pi. .'50 (1871) ; Hume, Str.

F. 1875, p. 75, 1877, p. 27 ; Blyth ^ Wald. B. Burm. p. 73 (1875) ;

Hume ^ Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 151 (1878) ; Andeis. Zool. Exped.

Yunnan, Birds, p. 583 (1878) ; Hume, Sir. F. 1879, p. 88 ; Oates,

t. c. p. 160 ; Scully, t. c. p. 251 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 105

(1880); Reid, Cat. Lticknow Mns. p. 36 (1886); Salvad. Ami.

Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) iv. p. 577 (1887) ; Oates, Str. F. x. p. 192

(1887) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) vi. p. 50 (1888) ; Hume,

Str. F. xi. p. 67 (1888).
Megalffima Imeata, Marshall, Monogr. Ca;»Y. p. 88, pi. 37 (1871);

Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 11 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 472 ; Tiraud, Bull.

Soc. Agric. Cochin Chine, 1879, p. 91.

13. CYANOPS. 81

Cjanops hodgsoui, Oafes, IlamJh. B. Brit. Btirm. n. p. 182 (1883).
Ciiotorhea viridis (iiec Bocld.), I'orderm. Nat. TicUchr. Nederl. Ind.
xlvi. p. 7'i (1887).

Adult. Above grass-groen, with yellowish-white centres to the
feathers on the mantle and n])per back ; wings green like the back,
the primaries externall}- olive-yellow towards their ends ; tail-
feathers green above, bluish below ; crown of head hoary whitish,
with brown edges to the feathers, producing a streaked appearance,
very strongly pronounced on the hind neck ; lores, feathers round
the eye, and sides of face whitish ; the ear-coverts, hind cheeks, and
sides of neck streaked with brown, with which colour the feathers
are edged ; throat uniform whitish or with only a few brown
streaks ; fore neck and entire breast whitish, with broad margins
of brown, producing a streaked and mottled appearance ; sides of
the breast and flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts light emerald-
green, slightly streaked with darker green edges to the feathers ;
under wing-coverts yellowish white, with dusky brown edges to
the feathers ; quills dark brown below, yellowish along the inner
web : " bill horny yellow ; orbits deep yellow ; iris deep brown and
reddish brown ; feet fleshy yellow, claws dusky brown at bases "
(J. Scully). Total length 11 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 5-7, tail
3*55, tarsus 1*3.

It seems to me absolutely impossible to draw the line between
C. hodgsoni and C. lineata of Java. Messrs. Marshall state in their
' Monograph ' that the difference lies in the smaller size and darker
streaking below of the Javan bird ; but some specimens from Teuas-
serim are even darker than those from Java, and there are others
which exactly resemble the true C. hodgsoni of the Dhoon. As
regards size little can be said, as will be seen from the following
measurements, which could be multiplied to any extent. All that
can be said is that the Himalayan birds are the larger, and that the
species diminishes in size to the eastward until its smallest form is
reached in Java.

Total

Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsus.

in. in. in. in. in.

a. Ad.sk. Kaladoongi, Dhoon 10-.5 1-3 .5-45 3-4 MS

*. Ad. BusaDoars 98 1-45 5-3 3-2 1-2

c. c? ad. Younzaleen, Tenasserim... 102 1-2 4-85 3-0 1-2

d. c? ad. Kaukaryit, Tenasserim ... 9-8 M5 4-95 3-1 1-25

e. S ad. Kaukaryit, Tenasserim ... 94 1-2.5 4-75 29 lib

f. Ad. Java 10 0 1-3 4-55 2-75 Tl

.?. c^ ad. Java 9-5 135 4-5 2-95 115

h. 2 ad. Java 90 115 4-fi 2-9 11

Hab. Himalayas to Assam and the Burmese countries, and re-
occurring in Java.

a. Ad. sk. Simla, Sept. lo. Hume Coll.

6-rf. Ad. sk. KnmKon {Strache;/). India Museum.

e-g. Ad. sk. Kaladoongi, Sept. Hume Coll.

VOL. XIX. a

82

CAPITONm^.

h. Ad. sk.
«-TO. Ad. ; n-p.

Juv. sk.
q. Juv. sk.
r-w. Ad. sk,

X, y. Ad. sk.

z-f. Ad. sk.

g', h'. Ad. sk.
i', k'. Ad. sk.
I'-o. Ad. sk.

p'. Ad. sk.

?', J-'. 6 ? ad.

sk.
s'-w'. ^ ad. sk.

a"', y'. 6 2 ad.

sk.
«', a",b". Ad. sk.
c". Juv. sk.

d". Ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
ff". Ad. sk.

h''-p". c?ad. ; q".

Juv. sk.
r'',s". (fad. ; ^".

$ ad. sk.
u"-w". Ad. sk.
:i". c? ad. ; j/"-

«'. 5 ad. sk.
b^, c^. Ad. sk.
d\ Ad. sk.
e^. Ad. sk.

Z'. cJ ad. sk.

g^. Ad. sk.
h^. Juv. sk.
«3-P. Ad. sk.
m^. 2 ad. sk.
n^, 0^. $ ad. sk.

p'. Ad. sk.

j^. (5 ad. sk.

r%s\ $ ad.; t\
Ad. sk.

Dehra, Oct. 15 {Dr. King).
Nepal (V5. H. Hodgson).

Sik-him (Z. Mandelli).
Darjeeling Terai, March {L.

Mandelli).
Buxa Doars, Feb., Dec. {L.

Mandelli).
Bliotau Doars, Dec, Jan.,

March (Z. Mandelli).
Assam.

Assam {McClelland).
Nazeerah, Upper Assam.

Kamroop, Assam, Dec. (^. W.

Chennell).
Tippook, March, April {J.

Cockhurn)
Dibrughur, March, Julv, Aug.

{J. R. Cripps).
N. Khasia Hills, Jan. {A.

W. Chennell).
Cachar {J. Inqlis).
N.E. Bengal '{McClelland)

Hume Coll.

India Museum and

Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Himie Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

India Museum.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Dacca {Col. TyUer).

Dacca.

Burmah.

N. of Rangoon, Nov. \l {W.

Davison).
Rangoon, June to Dec. {R. G.

W. R.).
Borougho Island, March 24

{J. Armstrong).
Toughoo.
Tonghoo, Feb., April, Nov.

[R. G. W. R.).
Tonghoo, Feb. 19.
Tonghoo, Oct. {E. W. Oates).
Karen Hills, Jan. 4 {R. G.

W. R.).
Yaytho, June 10 (R. G. W.

it).
Bhamo, Feb.
Shuaykoo, Jan. 21.
Tbayetmyo {E. W. Oates).
Thayetmyo, Dec. 11.
Lower Pegu, March and

Jime.
Bassein, Pegu.

EoUidoo, Tenasserim, Nov. 17

( W. Davison).
Pahpoon, Dec, Jan., Feb. ( JF.

Davison).

Hume Coll.
India Museum.
(Type of M. maclellandi.)
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume CoU.

Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.

Oates CoU.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Tweeddale CoU.

Dr. J. Anderson [CI.
Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
Hume CoU.
Oates CoU.
Oates CoU.

W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[P.].
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

13. CTANOPS.

83

u', v^. c? ad. ; lo^.

2 ad. sk.
x~'. 5 ad. sk.

f. c^ad.; z^a. 2
ad. ; /3. Ad. sk.
y. 2 fid. sk.

8-1/. (S ad. ; ^-0.

$ ad. sk.
X- 2 aJ- ^^■

^, 0). c? ad. sk.

a',0'. d ad.; -y'.

2 ad. sk.
8'. (^ ad. sk.

«'. c? ad. sk.

C-f^'- 6 ad.; v',
^', o'. 2 ad. sk.
17', p'. 2 ad. sk.

o"'. d'ad. ; t'-0'.

$ ad. ; x'- 6

jiiv. ak.
V'') '^'- c? $ ad.

sk.
a". Ak. sk.
|8". Ad. sk.

y", 8". Ad. sk.

e", C". d ? ad.

Youn-za-leeu, Salween dist., Hume Coll.

Dec. ( TF. Davixo/i).
Zinzaway Forests, March 19 Hume Coll.

(C. T. Binfjham).
Thatone, March, Nov., Dec. Kume CoU.

( W. Davisun).
Myawadee, Jan. 18 (IK Hume Coll.

I)amson).
Kaukaryit, Dec, Jan., May- Hume Coll.

Oct. (J. Darling).
Kanee, Houngthraw, March 7 Hume Coll.

( W. Damson).
Thoungyeen River, March, Hume Coll.

Sept. (C. T. Bingham).
Moulmein, March and Nov. Hume Coll.

( W. Davison).
Paraduba, base of Mooleyit, Hume Coll.

Jan. 26 ( W. Darison).
Near Yeaboo, Dec. 21 ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Amherst, Jan., March, June, Hume Coll.

Dec. (W.Davison).
Meeta Myo, June ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison).
Tavoy, March, April, June Hume Coll.

( W. Davison).

May ( W. Hume CoU.

Shymootee,

Davison).
Mt. Sabab, Siam.
Chantaboon, Gulf of Siam,

Sept. (L. C. Layard).
Cambodia {Moiihot),
Java (Diard).

j)"-v" . Ad. ; ^". Java.

Imm. sk.

o". S ad. sk. Java.

tt", p". Ad. sk. W. .Java (Bu.vfon).

Gould CoU.
Tweeddalo CoU,

Tweeddale CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll,

Wallace Coll.

F. Nicholson, Esq,

[P.].

20. Cyanops viridis.

Le Barbu Vert, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 107 (1780).

Barbu de Mahe, Daidient. PI. Enl. vii. yA. 870.

Green Barbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 504 (1782).

Bucco viridis, Bodd. Tabl. Fl. Enl. p. 53 (1783) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 408 ;

Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 217 (1840) ; id. op. cit. xiii. p. 139 (1844) ;

Bkjth, J. A. S. B. XV. p. 13 (1846) ; Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. pi. 26

(1847).
Bucco caniceps (nee Frankl.), Sykes, P. Z. S. 18-32, p. 97.
Megalaima viridis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B.

Mus. As. Soc. p. 67 (1849) ; Bp. Cotisp. Av. i. p. 144 (1850) ;

Mors/. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mug. E.I. Co. ii. p. C>39 (18-56); Jerd.

B. Ind. i. p. 311 (1862) ; Gojin, Mus. Pays-Ba.'^, Buccones, p. 32

« 9.

84 CAPITONII)^.

(1863), pt. ; Gray, List Cnpit. Brit. Mus. p. 13 f 1868) ; id. Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 175, no. 3459 (1870) ; Hume, Nests ^ Eggs Ind. B. p. 130

(1873).
Me<?al£ema viridis, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 81, pi. 35 (1871) ;

Butler, Str. F. 1875, p. 439 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 255; Hume,

t. c. p. 391 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1877, p. 396; Davids. Sf Wend. Sir. F.

vii. 1875, p. 78 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 88 ; Vidal, Str. F. ix.

1880, p. 545 ; Butler, t. c. p. 387 ; id. Cat. B. S. Bvmb. Pres. p. 25

(1880) ; Beid, Cat. Lucknotu Mus. p. 36 (1886) ; Davidson, Str. F.

X. 1887, pp. 298, 358 ; Taylor, t. c. p. 458 ; McGregor, t. c. p. 437 ;

Terry, t. c. p. 471.
Mep-alsema svkesi, Hayes Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 125 ; Hume, Str. F.

1873, p. 4l9.

Adult male. Bright grass-green ; wing-coverts like the back ;
quills dusky blackish, externally green, the inner secondaries uni-
form green washed with blue, the primaries yellowish towards the
end of the outer web; head all round, hind neck, and entire under
surface of body hoary whitish, the feathers edged with light brown,
a little darker on the head, fore neck, and breast ; hind neck very
distinctly streaked with brown and slightly tinted with green ; the
mantle-feathers green, with yellowish shaft-lines ; sides of body and
flanks bright green, edged with darker green ; thighs and under
tail-coverts uniform green ; under wing-coverts yellowish buff : quills
dusky below, yellowish along the inner web : "bill pale brown,
darkening at tip of upper mandible ; legs and feet greenish plum-
beous ; iris dark brown " (E. A. Butler). Total length 9*o inches,
culmen 1*35, wing 4-5, tail 2"95, tarsus 1"15.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 9 inches,
culmen 1-15, wing 4-6, tail 2-9, tarsus Tl.

ffab. Southern India.

a. (S ad. sk. Matheran, Feb. 3 (Hayes Lloyd). Tweeddale Coll.

(Type of 3L sykesi.)

b-e. Ad. sk. Matheran, April, Nov. Hume Coll.

f-h. S ? ad. sk. Mahableshwar, May {S. B. Fair- Hume Coll.

bank).

i, k. cJ ad. sk. Khandala, March, April (S. B. Tweeddale Coll.

Fairbattk).

I. Ad. sk. Western Ghats, Dec. 17. Hume Coll.

m. Ad. sk. S. Konkan, Nov. 7 (G. Vidal). Hurae CoU.

n-p. cJ $ ad. sk. Belgaum, Feb., Aug., Oct. (F. A. Hume Coll.

Butler).

q-8. Ad. sk. Deccan {Sykes). India Museum.

t. cJad.sk. Mysore. Seehohm Coll.

«. Ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.].

V. c? ad. ; rv. Kotagherry, Nilghiris, June, Dec. Hume Coll.

cJ imm. sk. {3Ii.ss Cockhurn).

X, y. dad. sk. Coonoor, Nilghiris, Jan., April Hume Coll.

(W. Davi.son).

z. 5 ad. sk. Coonoor, Feb. 4 (F. Day). Hume Coll.

a'. Ad. sk. Coonoor Ghat, April (B. G. Tweeddale Coll.

W. R.).

14. MESOBUCCO.

85

it-g'. (S ad. ; H-H .

2 ad. sk.
V. cJad. sk.
rti . cJ'ad. sk.
n . (S ad. sk.

o\p',2'- (fad.;

/■',s',<'. Jad.sk.
m'. 2 ad. sk.
v'-z'. S ad. sk.

a". Ad. sk.
6". Ad. sk.
c"._ $ ad. ; d". 2

imm. sk.
e". cJad. ; $ ad. ;

/'-A-". 6 2 juv

sk.
/". Ad. sk.

m" . cj ad. sk.

Ootaeamund, Nilghiris, Feb.-
March ( W. Davison),

Kullar, Nilghiris, Sept. 5.

Neddivuttum, Nilghiris.

Seegore, Nilgliiris, April 28 ( W.
iJamson).

Wynaad, March-May ( W. Davi-
son).

Mangalore, April 17 {F. Day).

Oaniianore, Sept., Oct. [R. G.
W. R.).

Malabar.

Malabar.

Periiu', Lower Palani Hills, June
14 {S. B. Fairbank).

Periur, Lower Palani Hills, Jiiue
{S. B. Fairbank).

Travancore, March.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll,
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

F. W. Bourdillon

[C.].
Hume Coll.

Cardamum Hills, Travancore,
Feb. -21.
n", o" . (S $ ad. Myuall, Travancore, Nov. (F. W. Hume Coll.

sk. Bourdillon).

p". cJ <id. ; 7"-«". Mvuall, Dec. F. W. Bourdillon

$ ad. sk. ■ [C.].

t"-x". Ad.sk. Anjango, Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll.

14. MESOBUCCO.

Type.

Mesobucco, Shelley, Ibis, 1869, p. 477 M. duvauceli.

Mange. Eastern Himalayas to Assam, Burma, and Tenasserim,
down the Malayan Peninsula.

Keif to the Species.

a. Ear-coverts black duvauceli, p. 85.

b. Ear-coverts blue cyanotis, p. 87.

1. Mesobucco duvauceli.

Bucco australis (nee Horsf.), Ruffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 285.

Bucco duvauceli, Less. Traite, p. I(i4 (18;J1).

Bucco trimaculatus, J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3 (1831) ; Blyth,

J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 465 (1847).
Bucco frontalis, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 536. fig. 1 (1832).
Bucco gutturalis, Boie, Brie/e Ost-Ind. no. lo (183i').
Bucco quadricolor, Eyton, F. Z. S. 1839, p. 105.
Megalairaa trimaculata. Gray, Gen. B, ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Comp.

Ac. i. p. l-l--] O^'-'^O).
Megalaima quadiicolor, Bp. Cotisp. Av. i. p. 144 (1850).

86

CAPlTOiaD^.

Xantholaema duvaucelii, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 647 (1850) ; Salvad. Vcc. Borneo, p. 38 (1874) ; Tiveedd. Ibis,

1877, p. 299 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 240 ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792 ;

Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 3b9 ; Midler, J.f. O. 1882, p. 427; Biittik.

Notes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 16 (1886) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov.

(2) iv. p. 529 (1887).
Megalaima duvaucelii, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 455 ; Go^n, Mus.

Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 28 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Miis.

p. 11 (1868) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8450 (1870).
Megalsema duvaucelii, Marshall, Mon^gr. Capit. p. 75, pi. 33. figs.

1, 2 (1871) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 35, 1877, p. 9 ; Hmyie, Str. F.

viii. p. 53 (1879).

Adult male. General colour above grass-green, with sometimes
a tinge of blue ; wing-coverts like the back, with the bend of the
wing blue; quills blackish, externally green like the back; tail-
feathers blue, green on the edges, the centre ones almost entirely
green ; forehead and sinciput black, forming a broad band ; hinder
crown and nape dull prussian-blue, inclining to verditer ; a loral
spot verditer-blue, some of the feathers at the base of the forehead
also tipped with verditer ; on each side of the head above the ear-
coverts a broad streak of crimson ; region of the eye, ear-coverts,
and fore part of cheeks black, with a broad streak of crimson below
the eye and another on the hinder cheeks ; throat verditer-blue,
followed by a black patch on the lower throat and fore neck, the
lower feathers of this patch edged vcilh verditer-blue ; remainder of
under surface from the fore neck downwards emerald-green, slightly
inclining to golden on the breast ; on the chest there is generally a
tinge of scarlet ; under wing-coverts light yellowish green, with the
edges of the wing blue. Total length 5"7 inches, culmen 0*7,
wing 3, tail 1*65, tarsus 0*8.

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 5'2
inches, culmen 0"75, wing 3, tail 1"55, tarsus 0-75.

Young. Entirely green above and below, with a little yellow on
the face and cheeks, and a slight appearance of black on the lower
throat ; the black on the forehead and all the bright marking of the
head and throat absent.

Hah. Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.

a. (S ad. sk.

6-yt.c? ad.; /-;?.$
ad.etimm. sk.

y-s. Ad. etjuv.sk.

a',6'.(5ad.;c', f?'.
2 ad. etjuv. sk.

e'-i'. Ad. etjuv.
sk. _

k' . 2 imm. sk.

l\m'. Ad. sk.

n. Juv. sk.

Lumut, Dingding River, Feb. 26

( W. Davison).
Ivlang, Salangore, Feb., March,

June, Jidy, Sept. ( W. Davison).
Malacca, July, Aug., Sept.
Malacca, Aug. (i?. G. W. R.).

Malacca {Dr. Cantor).

Johore, Aug. 9 ( W. Davison).
Singapore, Nov.
Singapore.

Hume Coll.

Hume ColL

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

India Museum.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Wallace Coll.

14. ME80BUCC0.

o'-r'. Ad. sk. Sumatra.

«'. (S ad. sk. Siedjoundjoung, Sumatra, Oct.

{V. Bock),
t'-w'. Ad.sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E. C.

Bu.vton).
x\ Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo,

y'. d ad. sk. Sarawak (A. R. Wallace).

z', a". Ad. sk. Sarawak.
b". cf ad. sk. Sautabong', Sarawak, March (A.

H. Everett).

87

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
WaUace Coll.
Salvin-Godman
Coll.

2. Mesobucco cyanotis.

^'^,'=,'=5',^a"stralis inec Horsf.), Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 13

(1846).
Bucco cyanotis, Blytk, J. A. S. Beng. xVi. p. 465 (1847).
Megalaima trimaculata (pt.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 68

(1849). ^

^ff^o™^ duvaucelii (pt.). Gray, Lkt Capit. Brit. Mu8. p. 10

(I8o8).

Megala?ma cyanotis, Marshall, Monogr. Camt. p. 77 til 3.3 fio- 3
(1871); Blyth 4- Wald. B. Burnt, p. 74 (1875) ; Hume, 'sk^.'f.
V. p. 27 (18/ / ) ; Hume S)- Bavison, Sfr. F. vi. pp. 155, .50-> (1878) •
Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 88, 1.55 (1879) ; Tiraucl, Bull. Soc. Agric.
Cochin Chine, 1879, p. 91 ; Bingham, Sir. F. ix. p 166 (1880) •
Oates, Str. F. x. p. 192 (1882) ; Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov.
(2) V. p. 564 (1888).

Cyanops cyanotis, Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 11.

Xantholajma cyanotis, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874) : id & Oates

Haiuib. B. Brit. Burm. n. p. 137 (1883). \ / ' >

Adult male. Similar to M. duvauce/i, but distinguished by its
entirely blue ear-coverts : " bill black ; base of lower mandible
slightly tinged reddish horny ; legs and feet dirty grepn, claws
bluish black ; iris very dark brown " ( IV. Davison). Total lent'th
5-7 inches, culmen 07, wing 3-1, tail 1-6, tarsus 07. °

Adidt female. Similar to the male, but duller in colour. Total
length 5-2 inches, culmen 07, wing 2-9.5, taU 1-6.5, tarsus 0-75

Younrj. Nearly all green, without any of the bright colours of the
head beyond a little blue on the throat.

JJab. Eastern Himalayas into Tenasserim.

a-c. Ad. sk.

d, e. 2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. d"jnv. sk.
k. 2 ad. sk.
/. Ad. .«k.

Native Sikhim, March, Julv, Oct.

(L. Mandelli).
N. Khasia Hills, Jan. (A. W.

Chennell).
Assam {A. IV. Chennell).
Kamroop, Assam (,4. JV. Chennell).
Dibrughur.

Dibrughur, Aug. (J. B. Cripps).
Sadhya, June (/. Cuckburn).
Cachar.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

88

CAPITONID^.

m. Ad. sk. N. Cachar.

71. c? ad. sk. Commillah, Tipperah.

o,p.Ad. sk. Karen Hilla, Jan., Nov. (R. G.

W.R.).
q. S ad. sk. Lower Pegu, May.

r. c7 ad. sk. Kyouknyat, Tenasserim, Feb. ( W.

Davison) .
s. (5 ad.sk. Thoungyeen Forests, March ( C. T.

Biiiqham).
t. S ad. sk. Phabya, Feb. (C. T. Bingham).

u,v. cJ 2 ad. sk. Foot of N'walabo, April ( W.

Dmdson).
w. (S ad. sk. Meeta Myo, April ( W. Davison).

X. 2 ad. sk. Tavoy, April {W. Davison).

y-a'. (J ad. et Malawun, Jan., April ( W. Dari-

imm. sk. son).

b' . c? ad. sk. Malawun, March.

c', d'. S ad. sk. Salang, Feb. (J. Darling),
e. cS ad. sk. Tapraw, April {J. Darling).

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Dates Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Gates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

15. XANTHOL^MA. ^

Type.
Xantholsema, Bp. (Jonsp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854). . X. heematocephala.

Range. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, extending down the
Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra, and tho Philippine Islands.

Key to the Species.

a. Throat yellow ; a crimson spot on the fore

neck.
a. Sides of body streaked ; cheeks black like

ear-coverts heematocephala, p. 89.

b' . Sides of body emerald-green like the breast,

not streaked ; cheeks verditer-blue like the

ear-coverts rubricapilla, p. 93.

b. Throat blue ; crown blue ; ear-coverts green ;

a yellow patch below the eye australis, p. 94.

c. Throat crimson.

c . Flanks green, with darker green centres ;
hinder cheeks verditer-blue ; fore parts of

cheeks crimson 7nalabarica, p. 95.

d'. Flanks yellow, streaked with green ; fore

part of cheeks black ; hinder cheeks dull

iron-grey.

a" . Cheek-band bordering the red of throat

jet-black; throat never mottled with

yellow rosea, p. 96.

b". Cheek-band bordering the red of throat
olive-grey ; red of throat and near the
eye often mottled with yellow intermedia, p, 97.

15. XANTHOL^MA. 89

1. Xantholaema haematocephala.

Le IWbu des Philippines, Brigs. Orn. iv. p. 99 (1760) ; Daubent.

Tl. Enl. vii. pi. ;331.
Bucco hfemacephalus, P. L. S. Mull. S. K, Arhang, p. 88 (1776, ex

Daubent.) ; Cass. Froc. Acad. Phil. 1864, p. 242.
Barbii a gorge jaune, Bnff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 102, pi. 5

(1780).
? Le Petit Barbii, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 105 (1780), Senegal!
? Barbu du Senegal, JJaulient. PL Enl. vii. pi. 746. fig. 2.
Yellow-throated Barbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 500 (1782).
Little Barbet, Lath. Gen. Si/n. i. pt. 2, p. 503 (1782).
Buff-faced Barbet, Lafh. Gen. St/n. i. pt. 2, p. 504, pi. xxii. (1782).
Bucco llavigula, Bodd. Tahl. PI. Enl. p. 20 (1783, e.v Daubent.).
Y Bucco nanus, Jlodd. Tnbl. PI. Enl. ]). 47 (1783, ex Daubent.).
Indian Barbet, iMth. Gen. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 97 (1787).
Bucco philippiuensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 407 (1788, ex Briss.) :

Paffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 283 (1820) ; Less. Traite, p. 163

(18.31).
y Bucco parvus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 407 (1788, ex Buff.).
Bucco lathami, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 408 (1788).
Bucco indicus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 205 (1790).
Le Barbu a collier rouge, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Barbus, ii. p. 78, pi. 33

(1806).
Le Barbu a plastron rouge, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Barbus, ii. p. 81, pi. 36

(1806).
Capito lathami, Vieill. N. Diet. iv. p. 499 (1816).
C'apito flavicollis, Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1424 (1823).
Bucco rubricolH.'?, Cut: Reyne Anim. i. p. 457 (1829, ex Levaill.).
Bucco luteus. Less. Traite, p. 163 (1831), var. ; Des Murs, Icon.

Orn. ])1. 21.
Bucco rafflesius (»jec Less.), Bote, Brief. Ost-Ind. no. 15 (1832).
Megalaiina philippensis. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Blyth,

Cut. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 68 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 144

(1850).
? Megalainm parva. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4.30 (1846).
Megalaima lathami, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846).
Megalaima rafflesiu.*, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 144 (1850) ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 175, no. 8452 (1870).
Xantholffima philippensis, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zyyod. p. 12 (1854).
Xantholiema ilavigula, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zyyod. p. 12 (1854).
Xantholieiua indica, Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 644 ( 1856) ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 151 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 315 (1862); Beavan, Bm, 1865, p. 412; Bh/th, Ibis, 1866,

p. .359; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 416 ; Godw.-Ausi. J. A. S. Beng.

x.x.vix. p. 267 (1870) ; Stol. t. c. p. 289 (1870) ; Wahl. Ibis, 1871,

p. 162 ; Hold.^w. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 430 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 12 ;

Hume, Nests ^- Eyys Ind. B. p. 131 (1873).
Megalaima indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 454.
Megalfcma philippensis, Irbi/, Ibis, 1861, p. 229; Schoinb. Ibis, 1864,

p'. 258 ; Von Martens, J.f. O. 1866, p. 20.
Megalaima fiavigula, Goffin, Mus. Prt//>'-5rM,Buccones, p. 24 (1863) ;

Snilleman in J'efh's Midden-Sumatra, Voy.\). 35 (ls85).
Megalaima rubriirons, (fray. List Capit. Rrit. .Mus. p. 11 (1868);

id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175," no. «ioo (l870j.

90 CAPITOITID^.

Megalaima hnsmacephala, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 175, no. 8448

(1870).
Xaotholfema hsematocepliala, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 101, pi.

42(1871).
Xantholsema liaemacephala, Hayes Llor/d, Ibis, 1873, p. 407 ; Blytk

Sr Wald. B. Burm. p. 74 (1875) ; W'ald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 156(1877) ;

Tweed. Ibis, 1877, p. 299 ; id. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 690, 823 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 944 ; Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 206 (1878) ; Cripps, t. c.

p. 264; Legge, B. Ceylon, i. p. 218 (1879); IIu77ie, Sfr. F. 1879,

pp. 53, 58 ; Scully, t. c. p. 253 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv.

p. 180 (1879); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 54 (1880) ; Biiigham, t.c.

p. 166 ; Butler, t. c. p. 387 ; Wardlaio Bamsay, Ticeedd. Mem.

p. 656 (1881) ; Kelkam, Ibis, 1881, p. 390; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883,

p. 243 ; Oatcs, Handh. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 136 (1883) ; Murray,

Vertehr. Faun. Sind, p. 116 (1884); Swinh. i^ Barnes, Ibis, 1885,

p. 63 ; Biiftik. Notes Leyden Mm. ix. p. 16 (1886) ; Beid, Cat.

Lucknoiu Mus. p. 31 (1886) ; id. Str. F. x. p. 26 (1887) ; Davison,

t. c. pp. 299, 358 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) iv. p. 577

(1887), V. p. 564(1888).
Xantholaema rafflesii, Tiraicd, Bull. Soc. Agric. Coch. Ch. 1879,

p. 91.

Adult male. General colour above olive-green, with a yellowish
shade, many of the feathers being edged with yeUow ; lesser wing-
colours grass-green, as also the outer median and greater coverts,
which otherwise resemble the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts,
and quills blackish, externally grass-green, the primaries yellowish
towards the end of the outer web, the inner secondaries like the
back ; tail-feathers green above, bluish beneath ; a broad frontal
band of scarlet, followed by a black band across the crown ; the
occiput, nape, and hind neck rather more bluish green ; lores black ;
a narrow streak above the eye and a broad one below the latter
bright sulphur-yellow ; sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts black,
in continuation of the black band of the crown ; hinder cheeks and
hinder ear-coverts washed with bluish green ; throat bright sulphur-
yellow ; sides of the neck green, washed with bluish grey ; lower
throat mixed with black ; fore neck bright scarlet, followed by a
shade of bright golden yellow on the chest ; rest of the under sur-
face pale yellow, streaked with green centres to the feathers of the
sides of the body, flanks, and under tail-coverts ; centre of breast
and abdomen yellowish white ; under wing-coverts pale yellow,
green on the edge of the wing ; quiUs below dusky, yellowish along
the inner edge : " bill dark horny slate-colour, pale at the base of
both mandibles ; legs and feet deep coral-pink : iris dark brown,
with a pale or pearly-grey outer circle " ( W. V. Legge) . Total
length 6-4 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-35, tail 1*6, tarsus O'S.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but the colours not quite so
vivid. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-25, tail 1-4,
tarsus 0'75.

Young. Differs from the adult in wanting the scarlet on the head
and the bright colours of the underparts. Uniform green above.

15. SANTHOL^MA.

yi

with yellowish-white edgings to the wing-coverts and secondaries ;
a pale yellow mark above and below the eye ; cheeks and ear-
coverts blackish ; throat and abdomen pale yellow ; fore neck and
breast dull green, the breast and sides of body narrowly streaked
with green.

JIab. Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula, extending throughout the
Burmese countries down the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and the
Philippines.

a-cl. d" 2 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
ij, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
k. (S ad. sk.

I. (J ad. sk.

VI, n. S 2 ad. sk.

o. (J ad. sk.

p-u\ (S 2 ^^- sk.

.r. Ad. sk.

;/. Ad. sk.

z. c? ad. sk.

«'. 2 ad. sk.
b', c' . Ad. ; d'.

Imm. sk.
e',f',g'. 6 ad.;

h'. 2 ad. sk.
i . 2 j'^'^'- *^'

k'~7i' . (J ad. ; o'-

>•'. 2 ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.
t'. cJ ad. sk.

w'-yf'. Ad. sk.
x'-b". cJad. ; c" .

2 ad. sk.
d". 2 ad. sk.
e"-i". Ad. sk.
k". Ad. sk.
/■', ?«". d 2 ad.

sk.
n". (5 ad. ; o". 2

juv. sk.
/)". Ad. sk.
q",r". rf; s". 2

ud. sk.

Ceylon.

Anjango, Travancore, Dec.

Malabar.

Calicut.

Coorg.

Sultan's Battery, Wynaad, April

4 ( ir. Davison).
Coonoor Ghat, Sept. 23 {B. G.

W. R.).
Seegore, Nilghiris, Feb. 20 ( W.

DavisDn).
Kotagherrv, Nilghiris, April 12

(^Miss Cockburn).
Bangalore, April, Mav, Sept.-

Nov. {R. G. W. R.j.
Madras.

Madras, April ( JF. Davison).
Madras, June 14 (R. G.

jr. R.).

Pothanore, Oct. 13.
Deccan (Sykes).

Belgaum, Feb., Mav, Jime,

Oct. {R. A. Butler).
Khandala, April 20 {S. B.

Fairbank).
Ahmednuggur, Jan., Sept.,

Oct., Dec. (.S-. B. Fairbank).
Matheran, Nov. 1.
Mahableshwar, May 26 {S. B.

Fairbank).
Khaudeish.
Khaudeish, Dec. {J. Davidson).

Mhow, Dec. 15.

Kamptee.

llaipur.

Maunbhoom, Dec. 20 (R. C.

Beavan).
Calcutta, Jan., Aug.

Saugor.

Deesa, Feb., March {£. A.
Butler).

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Hiune Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Rev. H. H. Baber

[P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll,

Hume Coll.
India Museum.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.
Huuie Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Colonel SwinhoefP.].
Dr. R. B. Hinde [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

92

t". Ad. sk.
u''-w". S ad. ;
x". S jiiv. sk.
y"-a^. Ad. sk.
b^. (5 ad. sk.
c^c?%e^ c? ad.sk.

f%g\ c?ad. sk.
A^ Ad. sk.
i^. Juv. sk.

;fc'', ?>. c?ad.; m\

2 ad. sk.
«'. 5 ad. sk.
0^, p\ q^. Ad. sk.
r% s^ c? ad. ; ^^

$ ad. sk.
m\ 2 ad. sk.
v^, w^. (S ad. sk.
a^. Ad. sk.
2/'. Ad. sk.
z^. Ad. St.
«. Ad. sk.
j3, y, S. Ad. sk.
€. (S ad. ; C- J"^-

sk.
t]. Ad. sk.

tf. Juv. sk.
t. Ad. sk.

K. Ad. sk.

X. Ad. sk.
^. Ad. sk.

V. Ad. sk.
|. (J ad. sk.

o, jr. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.

«r, T. c? ad. sk.

V. S ad. sk.

(f). S ad. sk.
^. J ad. sk.
>/,, o). c? 2 ad. sk.

a'-e'. c? ad. ; C'-

tf'. 2 ad. sk.
ff. (5 ad. sk.
»'. cJad. sk.

CAP1T0NID.S.

Mt. Aboo.

Sambhur, Jan., Feb., April

{R. M. Adam).
Delbi. „. , ,

Delhi, Feb. 8 (C. T. Bingham).
Giirgaon, Feb., March {W. h.

Chill).
Umbala, Nov. (-K. C. Beavan).
Lahore, March.
Himalayas, Dec. 2 (/. A. Far-

rell).
Dehra Dhoon.

Bareillv, May 9.
Sanm district, Etawah.
Futtehgurh district, Jan., Apnl

{A. Andersuit).
Jhansi district, Oct. V2.
Allahabad, Feb., Dec.
Oudh.
Oudh.
Behar.

Behar (i?. //• Hodi/son).
Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).
Nepal VaUey, June, Nov

Sculhl).
Sikhim'Terai, March (L. Man-

delli).
Darjeeling.
Bhotau Terai, Jan. (X. Man

delli).
Bhotan Dears, Feb. (i. Mati

delli).
Assam (MeClelland).
iJpper Assam.

(/.

W.

{J.

Khasia HiUs.

Lakipur, Cachar, Jan. 1 (^4.
O. H.).

Dacca.

Thayetmyo district (E.
Gates).

Borougho Island, March
Armstrong).

Elephant Point, Eangoon, Dec.
7 (J. Armstrong).

Rangoon, Oct.

Rangoon, Dec. 7 (i2.G.Tr.ii:.).

Karen-nee, March 28 {R. G
W. R.).

Tonghoo, April, June, Nov.
Dec. {R. G. W. R.).

Tough 00, Oct.

Pahpoon, Jan. 21 (W. Davi-
son).

Colonel Butler [P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.
India Museum.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum. '
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Oates CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

15. X.VNTnOL^JIA.

93

(c'-^'. c? atl. ; o',

tt', p'. 2 a.d. sk.
<t'-v'. c? ad. sk.

(j>', x'- dad. sk.
>//•'. c? imni. sk.
o)'. 5 ad. sk.
a". (5 ad. sk.

/S". cJ.ad. sk.

y'-C"- d" ad. et
juv.; V'- 2 ad.
_ sk.
6"-k". cj'ad. sk.

X", ^". c?ad. sk.

x'-r". (J ad. et
juv.; v"-Q)". 5
ad. et juv. sk.

a'./S^.d' $ ad.sk.

y\ Ad. sk.

6\ Ad. sk.

(\ Ad. sk.
C- Ad. sk.

7;'-K^. Ad. sk.
X^ Ad. sk.

^^,v\ Ad.; ^3.

Juv. sk.
o^, TT^ J ad. ;

p3_^3 2 ad. sk.
v^, <^^ (S ad. ;

x'. $ ad. sk.
i/* . 2 ad. sk.

o>'. $ juv. sk.

a*. (5 ad. sk.

Moulmein, Feb., March, Nov.,
Bee. (W. Davison).

Amherst, March, June, July
( W. Davison).

Thatone, Oct. '25 ( W. Davison).

Tavoy, INfay l-'! (W. Davison).

Merg'ui, Dec. 8 ( W. Davison).

Pakchan, Jan. 26 ( W. Davi-
son).

Bangkok, Siam, March 30.

Kossoom, April, May {J. Dar-
ling).

Island of Tonka, Jan. {J. Dar-
ling).

Taroar, Feb. {J. Darling).

Salang, Feb., March {J. Dar-
ling).

Poongah, Aug. [J. Darling).

Keddah (Dr. Cantor).

Province Wellesley (Dr. Can-
tor).

Sumatra.

Acheen, Sumatra, Feb. 4 ( W.
Davison).

Sumatra ( Carl Bock) .

Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C.
Buxton).

Philippine Islands.

Luzon, Jan., Feb., April {A. B.

Meyei-).
Monte Alban, Luzon, March

(A. H. Everett).
Surigao, N. Mindanao, May (A.

H. Everett).
Placer, N. Mindanao, July {A.

H. Everett).
Zamboanga, Mindanao, March

{A, H. Everett).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

R. Bowdler Sharpe,

Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
India Museum.
India Museum.

Wallace Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Gould Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

2. Xantholaema rubricapilla.

The Red-crown Barbet, Broivn, III. Zool. p. 30, pi. 14 (1776);

Lath. Gen. 8yn. i. pt. 2, p. 505 (1782).
Bucco rubricapillus, Gni. Sgst. Nut. i. p. 408 (1788).
Le Barbu Barbichon, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Barbu^, ii. p. 131, pi. 56

(1806).
Capito rubricapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 497 (1816).
Bucco barbiculus, Cuv. R'egne Anim. i. p. 428, note (1817).
Megalaima rubricapilla. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1849) ; Bli/tk,

Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 68 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 144 (18o0) ;

94 CAPITONID^.

Kelaart. Prodr. Cat. p. 127 (1852); Layard, Ann. ^ Mag. Nat.
Hist. xiii. p. 448 (1854); Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co.
ii. p. 646 (1854) ; Goffin, Mm. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 2.3 (1863) ;
Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 9 (1868); id. Rand-l. B. ii.
p. 174, uo. 8446 (1870).
Xantholsema rubricapilla, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 297 ; Marshall,
Monogr. Capit. p. 109, pi. 44 (1871); Hokhw. P. Z. S. 1872.
p. 430 ; Legqe, Ibis, 1874, p. 15 ; Hume, Str. F. \ii. p. 370
(1878), 1879, p. 88; Leyye, B. Ceylon, p. 21-5, pi. xi. tig. 1
(1879).

Adult male. Ptesembles X. malaharica in having the blue shade
on the sides of the face and neck, and has the head similar, but
differs in having a narrow black line across the base of the fore-
head ; also in having the lores and throat, as well as a spot above
and another below the eye, orange-yeUow ; the lower throat mixed
with black and followed by a scarlet spot on the fore neck: " biU
black, pale beneath at the base ; legs and feet opaque coral-red,
claws bLickish ; orbital skin dull red ; iris brown or reddish
brown "( TF. V. Legrje). Total length 0"5 inches, culmen 0-65,
wing 3, tail 1*4, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-(3.5, wing 3, tail 1-45, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Ceylon.

a. Ad. sk. Ceylon. T. Tbwaites,Esq.

[C]

6-/(. Ad.etimm.; Ceylon (^. iV^ew^/). Tweeddale Coll.

i-m. 2 ad. sk.

n, 0. S ad. sk. Gampala, Feb. {H. Xevill). Tweeddale Coll.

p. S ad. sk. Valadora, April 22 {S. C/iaptnan). Tweeddale Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Ambapassa, July 8 (.S'. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.

r, s. Ad. sk. Uambookke, July {S. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.

t,u. 2 ad.sk. Awisawella, Dec. (.S'. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.

v,io. (S 2 ad.sk. Hangwella, Dec. (S. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.

x-z. cJad. sk. liagam Corale, April and May Hume Coll.

{Mes.srs. Hart).

a'. (S ad. sk. Colombo, Oct. 31 ( W. V. Legge). Hiune Coll.

b', c'. S 2 ad. sk. Balapetya. Hume Coll.

d'. 2 ad. sk. Galle, Mav {P. Stoinhoe). Seebohm Coll.

e'. 2 ad. sk. South Ceylon, June 27 ( W. V. Seebohm Coll.

Legge). ~

3. Xantholaema australis.

Bucco australis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Sac. xiii. p. 101 (1820) ; Hartl.
Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 337; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 446
(1847).

Bucco cyanocephalus, Reinw. Batav. Courant, Feb. 1820.

Bucco gularis, Teynm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 89. fig. 2 (1824).

Megalaima australis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 143 (1850) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 358 ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-
Bas, Buccones, p. 29 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 11
(1868); id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174, nli. 8449 (1870).

15. XANTHOL^MA. 95

Xantholaema australis, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 648 (1850).
Megalsenia australis, Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 73, pi. 32 ;

Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 142.

Adult male. General colour above grass-green with a slight
wash of hlue, the wings a little lighter green than the back, with a
decided blue shade ou the carpal bend, primary-coverts, and outer
edge of the primaries ; tail bluish above and below, the centre
feathers washed with green ; forehead and vertex blue, slightly
spangled with small central spots of cobalt ; over the eye a streak of
cobalt ; ear-coverts light green, with a slight yellowish tinge on
the hinder cheeks : fore part of cheeks with a spot of bright
yellow ; throat verditer-blue, with paler blue central lines ; the blue
throat followed by a black patch on the lower throat, which is
followed by a shade of bright yellow on the fore neck, which
gradually shades off into the green of the rest of the underparts ;
under wing-coverts yellowish buff; quills dusky below, yellowish
buff along the inner edges. Total length G-2 inches, culmen 0-7,
wing 2-y, tail 2-1, tarsus 07.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but not so brightly coloured.
Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 2-9, tail l-'65, tarsus
0-7.

Eah. Java.

a,h. S2 ad. sk. E. Java. WaUace Coll.

c. Ad. sk.- E.Java. Tweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.

e. S ad. sk. Java {Diard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Java {Dr. Horsfield). India Museum.

(Type of species.)
g. Ad. sk. [Java.] Goiild CoU.

4. Xantholaema malabarica.

Bucco barbiculus (nee Cuv.), Bhjth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 13 (184G);

Jerd. Madr. Jonrn. xiii. p. 140 (1844).
Bucco malabarica, Bhjth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. pp. 386, 465 (1847).
Megalaima malabarica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc., App. p. 336

(1849); Gvffin, Mus. Bays-Bas, Buccones,; p. 27, note (1863);

Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mm. p. 9 (1808) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 175, no. 8451 (1870).
Xantholaema malabarica, Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 647 (1856); Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 317 (1802); id. Ibis, 1872,
p. 12 ; Hume, Sir. F. iv. p. 392 (1876), viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Vidal,
Str. F. ix. p. 54 (1880) ; Butler, t. c. p. 387 ; id. Cat. B. S. Bomb.
Pres. p. 20 (1880); Eeid, Cat. Liuhiow Mus. p. 38 (1886).
Megalaeraa malabaiica, Fairb. Str. F. iv. p. 225 (1876) ; Davison,
Str. F. X. p. 358 (1877).

Adult male. General colour above grass-green, with paler green

96

CAPITONID-i;.

edges to the feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the external ones
a little more bluish green ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
quills blackish, externally green ; the primaries yellowish towards
the end of the outer web ; inner secondaries like the back ; tail-
feathers green above, bluish below ; a broad frontal band and a
streak above and below the eye crimson ; across the vertex a
narrower band of black, extending to behind the eye and in a
narrow line behind the red spot below the latter ; loral band
extending down the throat entii-ely black ; sides of the face, ear-
coverts, and cheeks light hoary blue, the fore part of the cheeks
with a crimson spot, followed by a shade of bright yellow, which
also skirts the throat, which is bright crimson, mixed with black
on the lower throat, and is followed by a shade of bright yellow
on the fore neck; remainder of the under surface of body pale
green, mottled with darker green centres to the feathers of the
sides of the breast, sides of body, and flanks ; thighs and under tail-
coverts light green ; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish,
green near the edge of the wing ; quills below dusky, yellowish
along the inner edge. Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0"6, wing
3'25, tail 1'35, tarsus 0"7o.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0"6, wing 3'05, tail I'oo, tarsus 0-75.

Young. Green all over, with a yellow tinge on the forehead and
a wash of orange on the throat and sides of the face ; breast and
abdomen pale green.

ITah. Southern India.

a. Ad. sk. S. India.

b. 5 ad. sk. Cardamum IliUs, Travancore,

Feb. 21 {H.J. Ehves).

c. 9 jiiv. sk. Kendara, West base of Palani

Hills, April 15 {S. B. Fair-
bank).

d. 5 ad. sk. Western Ghats, Mysore, July 2.
e^. tS ad. et Wynaad, March-May, Dec. ( W.

juv. ; q-v. 2 Darison).

ad. et juv. sk.
w. cJ ad. sk. KaroH, Wynaad, May 13 C ff.

Daviso?)).
.v-a'. S ad. sk. Tillichiri, Madras, Oct. (li. G.

W. R.).
b'-g'. Ad. sk. Chawachiri, Madras, Aug. & Oct.

{R. G. W. R.).
h'. Ad. sk. Madras ( Wright).

Eyton Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.

5. Xantholsema rosea.

Le Barbu rose-gorge, Leraill. Hist. Nat. Ois. Paradis, ii. p. 75,

33 (1806).
Bucco roseus, Dmnont, Diet. Set. Nat. (1st ed.) iv. p. 52 (1806,

e.r Levaill.) ; Cuv. Regne An. i. p. 428 (1817).

IT). XAXTnor,.>:jiA. 97

Capito rosaceicolli.«, Vieill. N. Diet, d'llist. Nat. iv. p. 500 (1810).
Jkicco philippeusis («ee Gm.), Ilorsf. Trun». Linn. i>oe. xiii. p. 181

(1820).
liucco roseicollis, Vii/ors, Mem. Ruffi. p. 007 (1830).
Megalaima rosea, Graii, Gen. B. ii. p. 42i) (1840); Bp. Consp. Av. i.

p. 14 (IHoO;; Goffin, .Vus. P.-B. Buccones, p. 27 (1803); Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 174, no. 844o (1870).
Xantholfema rosea, Hvrsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mits. E.I. Co. ii. p. 04G

(1850) ; Marshall, Mono(/r. Capit. p. 107, pi. 43 ( 1871) ; Walden,

Tr. Z. S. i.v. p. 157 (1875); id. Ihi.s, 1877, p. 299; Nichokon, Ibis,

1881, p. 142 ; Vorderni. Nat. Tijdsckr. Nederl. Ind. xli. p. 187

(1882) ; id. op. cit. xlvi. p. 71 (1887).

Adult male. Similar to X. hcematocephala, but distinguished by
the crimson streak below the eye and also by the crimson throat :
" bill black, the naked orbital skin red ; feet greenish yellow, the
claws black ; iris dark brown " (Dr. Vorderman). Total length
5-5 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-1, tail 1"35, tarsus O'T.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5'o inches,
culmen (J-?, wing 2"85, tail 1-25, tarsus 0'7.

Young. Green like the young of X. hcematocephala, but with the
throat tinged with red instead of yellow.

Hah. Java, Sumatra, and Bali.

a, b. Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. Tweeddale Coll.

C. Buxton),

c-e. Ad. .sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.

f. Ad. .sk. Java. Seebohm Coll.

V/, h. Ad. sk. Java. Gould Coll.

V, k. Ad. ; /, m, Java (Hor-^Jield). India Museum.

Juv. sk.

71, 0. c? $ ad. sk. .fAxti (Leiden Mitseu7)i). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad.; q.lmm.; West Java (.Bi/.i/o?i)- ^- Nicholson, Esq.

r, s. Juv. sk. [P.].

t. Ad. sk. East Java. Wallace Coll.

u. Ad.sk. Ea,st Java (,-J. 7i. Wallaee). Tweeddale Cull.

l: 2 ad. sk. Bali. Wallace Coll.

G. Xantholaema intermedia.

Xantholfema rosea {nee Dttm.), M'alden, Ibis, 1872, p. 100; id. Tr.
A. S. ix. pp. 131, 157, 250 (1875); Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 758, 1878, p. 283.

Adult male. Very similar to X. rosea, but differs in the upper
parts being uniform green with no pale edges to the feathers ; the
cheek-band is in front black, passing into olive-grey down the
sides of the red throat; under surface of the body more strongly
marked with brighter green centres to the feathers : " iris brown :
feet coral ; bill black " {L. C. Layard). Total length 6-0 inches,
culmen Q-S, wing 3"2, tail 1*75, tarsus O'So.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the eye-spot and

TOL. XI.\. H

98 CAPITONID^.

throat much mottled with yellow. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen
0-9, wing 3-2, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-75.

Not fully adult. Differs from the fully adult in having the eye-
marks and the lower throat intermixed and streaked with yellow :
" bill black ; legs and feet coral-red ; iris hazel-brown " {A. Everett).
Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 3-2, tail 1-3, tarsus
0-95.

Hah. Islands of Negros and Cebu, Philippines.

a. S ad. sk. Negros, Feb. (Z. C. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

b. (S imm. sk. Valencia, Negros, Aug. (.4. H. Tweeddale Coll.

JEierett).
c,d.S2 ad. sk. Cebu, April {A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

16. PSILOPOGON.

Type.

Psilopogon, S. MiUler, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Phtja.

ii. p. 330 (183.5) P. pyrolopbus.

Pseudobucco, Des Murs, Encycl. Hist. Nat. ii. p. 24

(1849) P. pyrolophus.

Buccotrogon. Von Kreling, Jahr. Nat. Gesch. Emdeji,

1852, p. 20 P. pyrolophus.

Range. Mountains of Malayan Peninsula and Highlands of
Sumatra.

1. Psilopogon pyrolophus.

Psilopogon pyrolophus, S. Milller, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Phi/s. ii.

p. 339 (1835) ; Grat/, Gen. B. ii. p. 431 (1846) ; Bp. Cnnsp. Av.

i. p. 141 (1850) ; Marshall Monogr. Capit. p. 133, pi. 53 (1870) ;

Grail, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 177, no. 8487 (1870) ; Nicholson, Ibis,

1883. p. 243; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 352: id. P. Z. S. 1887,

p. 442; Biittik. Notes Let/den Mus. ix. p. 14 (1887).
Pseudobucco pyrolophus, Des Murs, Encycl. Hist. Nat. ii. p. 24

(1849).
Buccotrogon torquatus, Von Kreling, Jahr. Nat. Gesch. Emden, p. 20

(1852).
Megalaima pyrolopba, Goffin, Mus. Pat/s-Bas, Buccones, p. 37

(1863) ; Snelleman, in Veth's Midden-Sumatra, Vog. 1885, p. 35.

Adult male. General colour above grass-green ; tail-coverts,
wing-coverts, and secondaries green like the back ; primaries dusky
blackish, externally green, yellow towards the ends of the outer
web; tail-feathers green above, bluish below ; hinder crown, hind
neck, and sides of neck brown with a greenish wash ; forehead,
lores, and nasal bristles black, the latter tipped with scarlet ;
across the centre of the crown a broad band of hoary grey ; sides
of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks cindery grey ; above the ear-coverts
a streak of emerald- green, beginning above the eye ; upper eyelid
yellow, the lower one emerald-green ; base of cheeks and chin

17. xuAcui:i'HoNi;s. 99

black ; throat emerald-wreeu, followed by a band of bright yellow
on the fore neck, iuclining to whitish on the sides of the neck ; the
chest black, forming a band below the yellow throat; breast and
remainder of under surface emerald-green, paler on the centre of
the body ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; quills below dusky,
yellow along the inner edge : " iris brown ; legs dull green ; bare
skin round eye green " (L. Wrai/). Total length ll-li inches, culmen
1-2, wing 4-'0, tail 3-2,' tarsus i-2.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length lO-o
inches, culmen 1'2, wing 4-7, tail 4-2, tarsus l*2.

Young birds are much duller in plumage than the adults, the
head is browner, and the hoary grey band across the crown is less
distinct ; the yellow and black bars on the throat are much
smaller.

JIab. Mountains of Perak in the iTalayan Peniusula and moun-
tains of Sumatra.

tt,b. (S ^ ad. sk. Mouutains of Perak. L. ^^'ray, Esq.

[P.]. "

c. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Gould Coll.

d. Juv. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.
e-g. (S ad. ; h-k. Mount Sago, Sumatra, Aug., Tweeddale Coll.

2 ad. et juv. Sept. {Carl Bock).

sk.
l-ti. Ad.; o. Lolo, Sumatra (Car/ ^ocA). Tweeddale Coll.

Juv. sk.
p. $ juv. sk. Siedjoimdjong, Sumatra, Sept. Tweeddale Coll.

(Carl Bock).

17. TRACHYPHONUS.

Type.

Trachvphonus, Ranzuni, Elem. di Zoologie, iii. p. 1.59

(1821) T. cafer.

Taraatia, Hempr. Sc l^hr. Sijmh. P/n/.i. pi. vii. (1828) . T. margaritatus,

Cucupicus, Less. Man. ii. p. IIG (It^i^S) T. cafer.

Micropogon, Temm. PI. Col. livr. 8:i (1830) T. margaritatus.

Polysticto, Smith, Rep. Exped. S. AJi: p. 40 (183G). T. cafer.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Kei/ to the Sjjecies.

Tail and wings spotted or barred with

white.
a'. Nape and hiud neck uniform black ;
crown cre.-ted, black ; forehead and eye-
brow varied with yellow and scarlet.
a", l^ack black, generally varied wilh
white transverse edges to the feathers.
All the feathers of the black pr;epec-

toral band not tipped with while cafer, p. 100.

a.2

100 CAPITONID^.

h" . Back generally uniform black, with-
out white edges to the feathers. All
the feathers of the praepectoral band

tipped with white suahelicus, p. 102.

h'. Nape and hind neck yellow spotted with
black ; forehead and crown black,
c". Under tail-coverts yellow without any

red shade versicolor, p. 102.

d". Under tail-coverts red.

a'". Eyebrow washed with crimson ; ear-
coverts crimson.
«^. Larger; pale spots on upper
plumage more rounded and

white erythrocephalus, p. 102.

6*. Smaller ; pale spots on upper
plumage subtriangular, and

tinted with rosy shelleyi, p. 103.

b'". Ej^ebrow and sides of face pale

yellow margaritatus, p. 10.3.

c'. Nape and hind neck brown, with pale
yellow spots and bars.

«"• Crown uniform black boehmi, p. 104.

/". Crown scaly, the feathers reddish or

yellow, with black bases and edges . . arnaudi, p. 105.
I. Tail and wings black, without any white
spots or bars.
d'. Sides of breast black, boldly mottled
with yellow ; bare skin round eye

yellow purpui-atua, p. 106.

e' . Sides of breast uniform yellow like the

middle; bare skin round eye dark .... goffini, p. lOG.

1. Trachyphonus cafer.

Le Promepic, LevaiU. Promerops, p. 77, pi. 32 (1800).

Picus cafer, Vieill. N. Diet. cTHist. Nat. xxiv. p. 102 (1818).

Trachvphonus vaillantii, Ranzani, Elem. di Zool., Ucc. torn. iii. pt. 2,
p. 159 (1821).

Cucupicus cafer, Lesx. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 116 (1828).

Micropogon sulphuratus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. pi. GO (1836).

Polysticte quopopa. Smith, Jlepoii <V. Afr. E.rp., App. p. 40 (1836).

Trachyphonus cafer, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 09 (1841); Bp. Consp.
Av. i. p. 142 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyq. p. 12 (1854); Verr.
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 399 ; Newton, Ibis, 1868, p. 268 ; Gray, List
Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 17 (1808) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 177, no. 8481
(1870); Ay res. Ibis, 1870, p. 260; Marshall, Monogr. Capit.
p. 139, pi. 66 (1870) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 10 (1871) ; Buckley,
Ibis, 1874, p. 368; Barratt, Ibis, 18:f6, p. 200; Ayres, Uds, 1879,
p. 295; Bocaqe, Orn. Anqola, p. 109 (1881); Sharpe in Gates'
Matabele-Land, App. 13, p. 300 (1881) ; Holub S,- Von Pelz. Beitr.
Orti. Sildafr. p. 162 (1882) ; Shellei/, Ibis, 1882, p. 249 ; Sharpe,
ed. LayarcVs B. S. Afr. pp. 178, 811 (1884); Hartl. Ibis, 1886,
p. 107 ; Sauza, Jorn. Lisb. 1887, p. 91 ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus.
X. p. 224 (1887).

17. TKACIIVI'IIONL'S. 101

Capito viiillaiitii, Gruy, Geu. B. ii. p. 4;{0 (184f)) ; Layardy B. S.

Afr. p. 23.5 (18G7). "
Capito cafer, Go^n, Mus. Fays- Bun, Buccones, p. G-j (1863).

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, the feathers
of tho back and scapulars rather broadly edged with white ; lower
back and rump sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts scarlet ; wing-
eoverts glossy black, the inner ones of all three series white, forming
a large jjatch ; the median and greater coverts broadly tipped with
white like the back, as also the inner secondaries ; primary-coverts
and quills black, checkered with spots of white on the outer web ;
tail-feathers black, broadly tipped with white, and spotted with
white on the edges of both inner and outer webs, these spots being
four in number ; head strongly crested, uniform glossy black ; fore-
head, eyebrow, sides of face, and ear-coverts bright yellow, varied
with scarlet margins to the feathers, this yellow colour extending
backwards along the sides of the neck, but in this place not fringed
with scarlet; throat sulphur-yellow, followed by a broad, black
collar on the fore neck, the feathers of the upper part of this black
collar tipped with large spots of rosy white ; on each side of tho
collar a large spot of creamy white extending across the chest, but
not very distinct in the middle ; remainder of the under surface of
body bright sulphur-yellow, the breast streaked with scarlet edges
to the feathers, the under tail-coverts also with scarlet margins ; the
sides of the body and thighs slightly mottled with black bases to the
feathers ; under wing-coverts and quill-lining ashy white : " bill
pale green, with a dusky tip ; tarsi and feet dusky ash ; iris dark
lake" (J. S. Jamesoii). Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 1, wing
3*9, tail 3"3, tarsus i*0o.

Adult female. Similar to the male, only differing in having the
colours a little paler, and in having a slight tinge of scarlet on the
spots of the upper part of the prttpectoral collar. Total length 8
inches, cnlmen O'Uo, wing 3-9, tail 3-1, tarsus 1-05.

Tounr/. Browner than the adults and having very little of the
blue-black gloss. The colours nowhere quite so vivid as in the
adults, and with less scarlet on the face and throat.

Hab. Eastern portion of South Africa.

a. $ jiiv.sk. Weenen, Natal, March 1 (W. Shelley Coll.

Arnold).

h.Ad.sk. Transvaal (r.-4y/-e.s). Sharpe Coll.

c, rf. 2 ad. sk. Crocodile River, Julv, Nov. W. E. & C. G. Gates,

{F. Oafes). ' Esqvs. [P.].

r. c( ad.; /. $ Limpopo Kiver, July, Nov. (7'. Shelley Coll.

ad. sk. F. Buckley).

g. (S ad. sk. Rusteuberg. F. A. Ban-att, Esq.

h. Ad. .-li. Makalftka Country (Dr. Brad- Shelley Coll.

shaic).
I, k. Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi {Sir J. Kirk). T.ivingstoue E.xped.

]02

CAriTOXlD^.

2. Trachyphonus suahelicus.

Trachyphonus cafer (nee Vieill), Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 602 ;

Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 372 (1884); id. J.f. O. 1885,

p. 125.
Tracliyphonus sp., Bnhm, J.f. O. 1883, p. 166.
Tracliyphonus suahelicus, Rdchen. J.f. O. 1887, p. 60.

Adult. Very similar to T. cafer, but may be distinguished by the
greater niimher of white spots on the black praepectoral band, every
feather of which without exception has a rosy-white terminal spot,
■which is not the case in T. cafer : " bill greyish yellow, with the
tip blacker; feet brownish grey; iris carmine-red" (G. A.
Fischer). Total length 7-6 inches, culmen 0'9, wing 3'7, tail 3'3,
tarsus 1.

Yonnrj. Differs only from the adult in being duller and in having
the colours paler, the feathers of the back edged with pale yellow,
not white as in T. cafer. The prscpectoral collar is almost entirely
absent, and is only represented by a few feathers tipped with rosy
white.

Hah. Eeplaces T. cafer in Eastern Africa.

a,b. Ad.etjuv.sk. V^o^o (Sir J. Kirl-). Shelley CoU.

c, d. Ad. sk. Mamboio (Sir J. Eirk). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Dar-e^-Salaam (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

3. Trachyphonus versicolor.

Trachyphonus versicolor, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Terein. Breynen, Bd.
viii'p. 208 (1882); id. Orn. Centralbl. 1882, p. 91 ; id. J.f. O.
1882, p. 326 ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 111.

Adult. Similar to T. erythrocephaJus, but with less red on the head,
and distinguished by the under tail-coverts being entirely yellow.
(Harilauh. )

Bab. Equatorial Africa.

4. Trachyphonus erythrocephalus.

Traflivphonus ervthrocephalus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, pp. 206, 240, pi. ii.
figs! 1 & 2 ; Ilartl. Ibis, 1886, p. Ill ; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 291 ;
id. F.Z. 8.1889,-^. 357.

Adult. Similar to T. cafer, but distinguished by the white-
Bpotted back and the uniform sides of the face, the whole of the
sides of the hinder crown, the ear-coverts, and cheeks being crimson,
with a little yellow on the fore part of the eyebrow, below the eye,
and the fore part of the cheeks ; the under surface of the body
yellow, with a reddish tinge on the fore neck ; down the centre of
the throat a broad black band , the black collar on the chest not

17. TRACHVpnoxrs. 103

very distinct, but htrj^cly spotted with ovate white markings on the
sides of the chest. Total length 8'5 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 3-8,
tail 3-;3, tar-sua 1-15.
Hah. Eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Ta%eta. F. J. Jackson, Esq.

[P.l.

b. $ ad. sk. East side of Kilimanjaro, H. (J. V. Hunter,

July 3. Esq. [P.].

5. Trachyphonus shelleyi.

Trachyphonus erythrocephalus (nee Cab.), Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 394.
Trachyphonus shelleyi, Hartl. Ibis, 1886, pp. 105, 111, pi. v.

Adult (type of species). Similar to T. erythrocephalus, but very
much smaller, the head black ; eyebrow and sides of face yellow
washed with crimson, the ear-coverts almost entirely crimson, with
a posterior patch of white behind the latter ; thi'oat yellow, with a
broad median line of black. Total length 7 inches, culmen 09,
-wing 3-1, tail 2-8o, tarsus 0-95. {Coll. E. Lort PhilUps.)

Hab. Somali-Land in Eastern Africa.

6. Trachyphonus margaritatus.
Biicco margaritatus, liiipp. in Cretzschm. Atlas, Vogel, p. 30, pi. 20

Tamatia erythropygos, Uempr. ^- Ehr. Symh. Phys. t. 7 (1828).

Lypornix erythropygos, Wayl. Isis, 1829, p. 658.

Micropogon erythropygos, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 490 (18-30).

Micropogon margaritaceus, Temm. Tabl. M6th. PL Col. p. 55 (1839).

Tracbvpkonus margaritatus, Riipp. 6'i/st. Ueber-s. p. 95 (1845) ; Bp.
Coii.<'p. Av. i. p. 142 (1850) ; id. t'onsp. Vol. Zi/g. p. 12 (1854) ;
Heiiyl. Ibi.^, 185!), p. 343 ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p.";jy9 ; Het/yl. Ibis,
1861, p. 124; Aittin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 62 (1864); Grai/, List
Capit. Brit. 3Ius. p. 17 (1668) ; id. Iland-l B. ii. p. 177, no. 8482
(1870); Blaiif. Geol. ^- Zool. Ab>/ss. p. 311 (1870); Finsch, Tr.
Z. S. vii. p. 281 (1870) ; Fin-^ch ^- Hartl. Vog. Osfafr. p. 506
(1870); Marshall, Monoyr. Capit. p. 143. pi. 27 (187C)) ; lleiigl.
Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 764, App. p. clx (1871); Antiyi. ^- Salvad.
Viaqg. Bogos, p. 45 (1873) : Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gtnov. (2) i.
p._8li (1884), yi. p. 210 (1888) ; Hartl. Ibi^, 188G, p. 106.

Ca]iito margariticus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846).

(^apito margaritatus, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 67 (1803).

Adult male. General colour above brown, varied with rounded
subtermiiial white spots ; lower back and rump sulphur-yellow ;
upper tail-coverts crimson ; wing-coverts, like the back and similarly
spotted ; quills and tail-feathers brown, externally checkered with
white spots, those on the tail-feathers tinged with yellow, the outer
tail-feathers regularly barred with brown and yellowish white;

104 CAPITOXIDJC.

crown of head glossy black, the feathers somewhat scale-like in
texture ; sides of the crown, sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, sides
of neck, and hind neck bright sulphur-yellow, the latter spotted
•with black, the sides of the face uniform ; throat and chest also
bright yellow ; remainder of under surface of body pale yellow,
becoming whiter towards the under tail-coverts, which are crimson ;
on the lower throat a triangular black spot ; across the chest a band
of dark brown or blackish, the feathers being brown with sub-
terminal white spots or bars ; below this band a second imperfect
one of scarlet intermixed with a few black spots ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white ; quills dusky brown below, with white
bars on the inner web: "bill yellowish red, dusky brown at the
end ; feet pale bluish dusky ; iris reddish umber " (Beuglin). Total
length 8 inches, culmen 0-95, wing ^-8, tail 3-4, tarsus 1-05.

Adult feynale. Similar to the male, but wanting the black spot on
the throat. Total length 8 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 3-6, tail 3,
tarsus 1.

Younq. Duller in colour than the adults and with less gloss on
the black crown ; the back with scarcely any white spots ; the
pectoral coUar only faintly indicated.

Hah. North-eastern Africa.

a. 2 ad. sk. Abyssinia {Col. Sturt). Hume Coll.

b. c? ad. sk. Abvssinia. Shellev Coll.

c. 9 ad. sk. Zuiilla, Abyssinia, Feb. 4. W. T.'Blanford,E8q.

d. (5 ad. sk. Koomavli, Abvssinia, March Salvin-Godman Coll.

19 ( W. Jesse).

e. f. J $ ad. sk. Gabsa, Bogo.s-Land (Esler). Sharps Coll.
ff, h. $ ad. sk. Gabsa (Usler). Shelley Coll.

t. 2 ^-d- sk. Rairo, Aug. 10 (II' Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

k. S ad. sk. Bejook, July 18 ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

/. d ad. sk. Beiook, July 15. W. T. Bl&nford, Esq.

.... tP-]-

m. 2 imm. sk. Efat, Shoa (Sir W. C. Harns). India Museum.

7. Trachjrphonus boehmi.

Trachyphonus arnaudi (mc Des Murs), Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 240.

Trachyphonus squamiceps [nee Heugl.), Fischer ^ Reichen. J.f. 0.
1879, p. -.'A-I.

Trachyphonus margaritatus (nee Riijjp.), Bohm, J.f. 0. 1883, p. 161.

Trach-yphonus boehmi, Fischer Sf Reichen. J.f. O. 1884, pp. 179, 180 ;
Fischer, Zeitschr. qes. Orn. i. p. 371 (1884) ; id. J. f. O. 1885,
p. 125 ; Hartl. Ibis, 1886, p. 109; Shellei/, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 357.

Adult male. General colour above dark brown, with rounded
spots of yellowish white ; scapulars less distinctlj- spotted ; lower
back uniform brown ; rump dull olive-yellow, with mesial streaks
of bright sulphur-yellow : upper tail-coverts crimson ; wing-coverts
like the back and similarly spotted ; quills brown, externally notched

17. THACHyi'IIOXIS.

105

Wh J"'[°^^\'''' J'^'t.*-'' Pn-'^ucwig a checkered appearance; tail-
feat he s black.sh, with yellowish spots and notches on the outer
webs, the outer eathers banded witli pale yellowish and dark brown
bars; crown ot head glossy black ; hinder neck bla.kish brown, the
fea hers subternnnally spotted with sulphur-yellow ; eyebrow ^ides
ot tacc, ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and tore neck yellow sli-htlv
washed with scarlet, the feathers all minutely tipped with black
producing a spotted appearance, the spots much smaller on the fore

S if'?T. ', ^"'''7 ^^":?*,^ ;"■■-" triangular spot of black ; on each
8 e of the breast a black half-collar with large ovate spots of
Mhite; remainder of under surface of body pale yellow, mnutelv
Slated with tnanguJar dots of smoky blac^k ; flanks brownish;
under tail-covert^ crimson ; under wing-coverts ashy white, the edge
wh te' Zf T^""^ '"'^ r^^''' ' ^"^'^^ ^'^'^y brown below, ashy
iVisbrow '?.r''!,""'.^' T^'- ">" b"^^ g^'^^"^ f^^t lead-cdour;
w^l JT. ■ ^'i^- ^'■"^'"■^- ^'''^ ^™gth 7-2 inches, culmen 0-8
wing &L, tail 3-lo, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6-8 inches
culmen 0-7, wing 3-05, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-85 '

Jlah. East Africa.

«, 6. d ? ad. .sk. Kilimanjaro, July 3. II. c. V. Hunter,

.. 2 ad. sk. Xdara, Teita, Aug. ■>,. 1^"%}^: Hunter,'

d. 6 ad. sk. \o\ River, Teita, July (Dr. J. SheHev Coll

M. HildcbramU).

e S ad. sk. Pare, March 8 (Dr. Fischer). Shellev Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Barava, Oct. {Dr. Fischer). Shelley Coll.

8. Trachjrphonus amaudi.

MicropogoD darnaudii, Des Murs in L.febvre's Voij. Abys>. p. 133

Trachj-phonussquamiceps, Heu;,l. Syst. Uehers. ^. A7 (\Sm) ■ Hartl
Orn. W.-4/>-.p^l76,note(I.s57); ^«/^/. 76/.', 1861, pp. 12.5 127
v; ^\ ,^;, ■*.'■ ^''"■'^' ^''*''' ^V'- ^rit. Mus. p. 18 (1868)' id'

Ca,,to K,„„micep», Goji,,. «,« P«j„-£«,, Buccooes, ,,. 70, note

'^'JTsfj'"'""" darnaudi. Gray, Ilund-l. B. ii. p. 177, no. 8486
Trachvph(,nus arnaudi, Heunl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 7.;.5. App n clx
(1881) ; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 108. ^

fhfl^f/ 7''- '-i^ji^"' /" ^- ''''^""'^ b"^ h"^"- " spotted crown,
the latter being dull red with yellow shaft-streaks and black bases
to the leathers, which are also minutely tipped with black • '• bill
piUe fleshy horu-colour, more yellow towards the base ; feet pale

106 CAP1T0NID.K.

bluish dusky ; iris umber " (BevgNn). Total length 6-6 inches,
culmen 0-75, wing 2-95, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-9.
Hab. Equatorial Africa and Upper White Nile.

a, b, c. 2 ad. sk. Lado, March 20 {Emin Pasha). Shelley Coll.

9. Trachyphonus purpuratus.

Trachyphoniis purpuratus, J. ^ E. Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. de Zool.
1851, p. 260; Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 135; Hartl.J.f. O.
1854, p. 195; £p. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 12 (1854); Hartl. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 176 (1857) ; Verr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 399; Cuss. Pr. Philad.
Acad. 1859, p. 141; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 263; Grag, List
Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 18, pt. (1868); id. lland-l. B. ii. p. 177,
no. 8484 (1870) ; Marshall, Monogr. Camt. p. 151, pi. 60 (1871);
Reichen.J.f. O. 1875, p. 9; Oustalet, Nouv. Arch. Mus.' (2) ii.
Bidl. p. 68 (1879) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 476 ; Hartl. Ibis, 1886,
p. 111.

Capito purpuratus, Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 71 (1863).

Adult male. Glossy blue-black, the feathers being black with
broad blue-black edges ; upper tail-coverts black, with narrow
margins of sulphur-yellow ; lesser wing-coverts white, or white
with broad black tips ; remninder of wing-coverts and quills black ;
tail black, with a small white spot at the end of the outer feathers ;
head like the back, the forehead and eyebrow deep claret-colour,
extending to the sides of the neck ; region of the eye bare, of a
bright yellow colour in life ; nasal bristles, cheeks, and ear-coverts
black : throat and fore neck black, varied with mesial lanceolate
streaks of hoary grey with a pinkish tinge ; across the chest a band
of crimson, sej)aratiug the fore neck from the rest of the under
surface, which is pale but bright yellow, more or less mottled with
black on the sides of the body, the feathers of these parts and the
thighs and under tail-coverts being black with large ovate spots of
yellow at the ends ; under wing-coverts white, with dusky bases ;
quills blackish below, ashy browu along the inner webs : " bill
yellow; naked space round the eye yellow; feet blackish green;
iris reddish brown " {A. lieichenoiv). Total length 9-5 inches,
culmen 1, wing 4-45, tail 3-9, tarsus 1-15.

Hab. West Africa from the Camaroons to Gaboon.

(7, ft. Ad. sk. Gahoon (Walker and DuChaillu). Sliarpe Coll.

c. cJ ad. sk. Gaboon. Shelley Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Ogow^ River, Gaboon {H. T. Ansell). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Camaroons Mountains, Feb. {A. Crossleg). Shai-pe Coll.

10. Trachyphonus gofiBni.

Capito gofEni, Schleg. Mus. Pays-Bas, Buccones, p. 72 (1863).
Trachyphonus goffini, Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1868) ; id.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 177, no. 8485 (1870) ; ^harpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 473 ;

id. Cat.Afr.B. p. 16 (1871); Marshall, Monogr. Capit. p. 149,

I

18. CAPITO. 107

pi. .59 (1871); UsKher, Ihin, 1874, p. 5-'"> ; Bicttik. Notes Leyden
Mus. vii. p. 218 (1885) ; Hartl. Ibis, 1880, p. 112; Buttik. Notes
Lei/den Mus.x. p. 95 (1888).
Trachyplionus piirpuratus (nee Verr.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. .380.

Aduh. Similar fro T. jiurpuratiix, but easily distinguished by the
dark colour of the bare skin round the eye, the absence of the blank
mottling on the sides of the body, and the small size of the hoary-
grey spots on the throat. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0'95,
wing 4-3, tail 3'8, tarsus 1*1 .

Young. Only differs from the adult in having less gloss on the
upper surface, the feathers being more narrowly edged ; the throat
is rather brighter and more uniform crimson, with scarcelj- any of
the hoary-grey spotting.

Hah. West Africa from Liberia to the Gold Coast.

a. Ad. sk. [Sierra I>eone.l Tweeddale Coll.

b. Ad. ; c. Juv. sk. Fantee (//. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
d. Ad. ; e,f. Juv. sk. Fantee (Anhinn). Sharpe Coll.
g, h. Ad. sic. Fantee (//. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.
t. Ad. ; A:. Juv. sk. Deukera {R. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

18. CAPITO.

Type.

Oapito, Vieill. Analyse, p. 27 (181('>) C. niger.

Nvstastes, Gloger, in Froriep's Notizen, xvi. p. 277

■(1827) ....". C. niger.

Fubucco, Bp. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850) C. i-ichardsoni.

Micropogon, Temm. PI. Col. te.xte (1830) C. niger.

Range, Confined to Central and Southern America.

Keij to the Siiecies.

a. >«'o spots or streaks on the sides of the

body ; throat uniform orange-yellow like
breast ; head crimson in males, hoary
grey in females aurovireni, p. 108.

b. Sides of body spotted with black.
a'. Throat black.

a". Upper surface black, imiform ; no
scarlet on the forehead ; orange on

flanks nuwidicoronatus J , p. 109.

b" . I'pper sui'taca black, the feathers
fringed with white ; forehead scarlet;

no ornuge ou the flanks sqiiamatus, p. 110.

b'. Throat white, followed by a yellow

baud 7iwcultcoro/uitits c^ , p. 109.

c. Throat white ; breast yellow ; forehead
black ; feathers of crown, occiput, and
neck tipped with blood-red quinticohr, p. 111.

108 CAPITONID^.

</'. Throat red or yellow.

c". Forehead scarlet ; vertex straw-
yellow ; hinder crown black or
blackish brown ; ear-coverts black ;
throat deep crimson ; breast uni-
form ( (5 ) or spotted ^vith black ( 5 ) . niger, p. 111.
d" . Entire crown straw-yellow, with a
faint tiiige of scarlet ; hinder crown
streaked with dusky black ; ear-
coverts black.

a". Throat bright orange punctatus, p. 112.

b'" . Throat scarlet vermilion auratus, p. 113.

e. Sides of the body streaked with green ; no
black spots.
e'. Ear-covei'ts scarlet or crimson.
e". Cheeks yellow or orange.

c'". A blue or grey collar round the
hind neck.
a'. Upper throat crimson or scarlet,
followed by sulphur-yellow.
a'. Crown crimson, followed by a
blue-grey collar ; throat-spot
very small.
a^. Spot on chin deep crimson . richardsoni J, p. 114.

6". Spot on chin black granadensis c?, P- 115.

6\ Crown and upper throat scar-
let ; collar round hind neck

bright blue deerii d -V- ^ ^'^•

b*. Upper throat crimson, followed
by verditer-blue, which is suc-
ceeded by orange glaucogularis c^, p. 117.

d'" . A yellow collar round the hind

neck aarantiicoUis S j P- H^.

f. Cheeks scarlet like the head and , , ■ .• j. „ no
•' ., . bourcien A, p. ilo.

throat \ .,• •j'liq

g". Cheeks blue ; head and throat ' c5 , p-

scarlet versicolor cj , p. 116.

/". Ear-coverts blue.

h". Throat apple-green, followed by an
orange collar.
e'". A line of blue skirting the black

forehead bourcieri 2 , p. 118.

/'". No blue on crown, which is en-
tirely golden olive salvini J , p. 119.

i''. Throat blue, followed by a scarlet

collar versicolor 5 , P- 116.

ff'. Ear-coverta black.

k". A narrow yellow collar across the

lower throat richardsoni 2 , P« H-l-

/". A broad orange collar across the

lower throat uurantiicollis ^ , p- 115.

1 . Capito aurovirens.

Le Barbu oranvert. Lcvaill. Hist. Xal. Barbus, iii. Suppl. p. 44. fisr. E
(1807).

18. CAPITO. 109

Bucco aurovirens, Cuv. li'egne An. i. p. 4")8 (1829).

Micropogon aurovirens, Up. 1'. Z. S. 1837, p. 120.

Capito auiovireus, drny, Gen. B. ii. p. 4."50 (184G) ; Scl. Ibis, 1861,

p. 187; Goffin, Mus. I'di/s-Bas, Buccones, p. o8 (1803); <SW. ^

Salv.P.Z.Kim(i,Y,.m>, 18(i7, p. 7.53; Gray, Li.it Capif. Brit.

Mwi. p. 21 (1808); id. Hand-/. B. ii. p. 178, uo. 8493 (1870) ;

Marsh. Monor/r. Capit. p. 155, pi. 62 (1871 ) ; Scl. 1^- Salt: P. Z. S.

1873, p. 278;" iid. Komencl. Av. Xeotr. p. 110 (1873) ; Tacz. Orn.

Pcrou, iii. p. 140 (1886).
Eubucco aiirovirens, 2?7>. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850); id. Coii.ip. Vol.

Zipj. p. 12 (18.54).

Adult male. General colour above olive-brown, somewhat washed
with green ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dull olive-
green ; wing-coverts rather browner than the back ; quills dusky
brown, externally olive-yellow ; tail-feathers dull olive-green, the
outer ones browner on the inner web ; crown of head and nape
scarlet ; a narrow superciliary streak of olive-grey ; sides of hinder
crown olive-brown like the sides of the neck ; lores, feathers below
the eye, and ear-coverts dark brown ; cheeks, throat, and chest rich
orange-yellow ; fore part of cheeks and chin whitish ; breast ashy
olive washed with orange, the abdomen inclining to yellowish white ;
sides of body and flanks olive-brown, washed with green ; under
tail-coverts like the abdomen ; under wing-coverts yellowish white,
washed with orange ; quills dusky below, yellowish along the inner
■web : " bill blackish horny, the lower mandible bluish white ; feet
olive; iris red " (J. Stulzmann). Total length T'l inches, culmen
0-9, wing 3-4, tail 2-4.5, tarsus 0-85.

AduJt female. Similar to the male, but wanting the scarlet crown,
this being hoary grey, inclining to whitish on the forehead. Total
length 7"3 inches, culmen OvS.5, wing 3-35, tail 2*5, tarsus 0-9.

liab. L'pper Amazonia, Ecuador, and Peru.

a.

2 ad. .'^k.

Andoas, Ecuador ( C. Buok-

Salvin-Godman Coll.

h.

cJ ad. sk.

I cayali River.

Gould Coll.

c.

Ad. St.

UcayaU River.

J. Ilauxwell, E.-q.
Salvin-(iodman Coll.

d,

p. c? 2 ad- sk.

Upper Ucayali (E. Bart left).

f.

2 ad. sk.

L'pper Ucayali {E. Bar/ left).

Sclater Coll.

9-

(f ad. sk.

Upper Amazons (Mm. Brcm.)

Sclater Coll.

h.

2 ad. sk.

Yquitos, E. Peru {U.
IVIiitvhj).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

i.

cJ ad. sk.

Nauta, Peru (/. Hau.ncell).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

k.

2 ad. sk.

Nauta, Peru.

E. Bartlett [C.].

2. Capito maculicoronatus.

Capito maculicoronatus, Lairr. A)in. Li/o. X. Y. iii. p. .300(1861);
Scl. Ibis, 1SH2. p. ],pl. i. ; .SW. .S- Sa/v. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 366;
Salr. P. Z. S. 1^07, p. 157 ; Grai/, Iland-l. />'. ii. p. 178, no. 8404
(1870); Mars/i. Monogr. Capit. p. 153. jil. 61 (1871) ; Scl. S' Salr.
Nomencl. Av. Xeotr. p. 110 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 5.37.

Aihilt male. General colour above glos.sy black ; wing-coverts and

110 CAPITONIDJC.

secondaries like the back ; the primaries brownish black ; tail-
feathers black : crown of head mottled with white-tipped feathers,
slightly washed with brown towards the nape ; sides of crown, ej'e-
brow, and base of forehead glossy black like the lores ; sides of the
face and ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and under surface of body
white, with a broad crescent of golden yellow across the fore neck ;
sides of body largely spotted with ovate spots of black, and having
a patch of fiery-red or orange feathers; lower flanks entirely black;
thighs white, black externally ; under tail-coverts white, with a
pale sulphur tinge on the vent : under wing-coverts and axillaries
white with a faiut tinge of yellow, the edges of the wing black ;
quills below dusky black, yellow along the inner edge : " bill dark
horn-colour, the culmen marked just forward of the nostrils with
a spot of dull orange, under part of the lower mandible dull white ;
legs and feet black" {G. N. Lawrence) ; " iris dark " {T. K. Salmon).
Total length 6--1: inches, culmen 0*85, wing 3-2, tail 1-9, tarsus
0-95,

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the entire throat
and chest black. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 1-9, wing 3, tail 2,
tarsus 0"85.

Hah. Panama and Colombia.

a, b. (S ad. ; c. Veragua {E. Arce). Salvin-Godiuan Coll.

5 ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk. Panama (./. McLeannan). Salvin-Godnian ColL

e, f. S 2 ^d. sk. Panama {J. McLeannan). Sclater Cull.

y,h. S $ fid. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.

(J. McLeannan).

t, A;, c? 2 ad. sk. Remedies, Antioquia (T. K. Sclater and Salvin-

Salmon). Godman Colls.

/. S ad. sk. Nichi, U.S. Colombia (T. K. Sulviii-Godman Coll.

Salmon).

3. Capito squamatus.

Capito squamatus, Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 494, pi. xiv. ; Tacz. S,- Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118.

Adult (type of species). General colour above black, the feathers
of the upper parts margined with hoary white, yellowish on the
lower back, rump and upper tail-coverts with yellowish fringes ;
wing-coverts like the back and similarly fringed; bastard-wing,
])rimary-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers black, the inner secondaries
with a'large yellowish-white mark near the end of the inner web,
which is mottled with black towards the tip ; forehead rich orange,
inclining to yellow on the vertex ; hinder crown and nape white
with a i'aint yellowish tinge, the hinder nape with a brown streak
on each side ; lores, eyebrow, sides of crown, sides of neck, hinder
neck, throat, and breast black ; remainder of under surface of body
pale sulphur-yellow, the sides of the body and flanks streaked with
black ; under wing-coverts white with a yellowish tinge ; quills

18. CAPITO.

Ill

black, yellowish white along the inner web. Total length 7 inches
culmen 0-8, wing 3-4, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-8. '

Hub. Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador ( Villa- Salvin-Godnnn Coll

y"'"'--)- (Type of species./

4. Capito quinticolor.

Capito quinticolor, Elliot, Nouv. Arch, du MusSum, i. Bull p 76

PiV '''-."-Vr^ ^^^^^'' = ''''■"•!'' ^">"^-l- ^- ii. p. 1/8, no. 84'J.5 VlsVo) •
Marsh. Monogr. Capit. p. IG.3, pi. Co (1871). '

Above black ; all the feathers of the vertex, occiput, and neck
tipped with blood-red, those of the back, rump, and upper tail-
coycrts, secondaries, as well as a band crossing the wing-coverts,
yellow slightly tinted with green ; chin, cheeks, sides and front of
the throat white washed with pale yellow; breast and middle of
abdomen orange-yellow : flanks and under tail-coverts olive with
b ack patches, quills and tail-feathers tinted with olive-brown • bill
black, whitish at the base; tarsus lead-colour. Total len^-th 6-146

to2m^ tmioT) ^'"^ ^'^^ '^" ^'^^ ^'°°' ^"'''^ ^'^^ ^^ *^'''^'
Ifab. Xcw Granada.

5. Capito niger.
'^^p' Sl^.S^ar^r''"''^ ^^''"''' ^P°*^'' ^'^'''«'-*. Gleaninffs, iii.
^ areo*^" ta^het^ de Cayenne, Uriss. Orn. iv. p. 97, pi. vii. fig. 4

Le Barbu de Guyane, Baubent. PL Enl. vii. p. 206, fin- l . Zo„„,7;
H'st.Aat.Barbux,y)\s.2?>,-2i,-2o(\ii{)^\). > r- , «"*•

? Barbu de St. Domingue, Daubent. PL Enl. vii. pi -^OG fin- 9

^nTST''' ^ ^^'^ ^* °"'°^ ™"^^'' ^"■^' ■^"'" ^"^' ^"- "'• P- ^^

Cayenne Earbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. -2. p. 40-5 ri7S'')

Bucco erythronotus, Bodil. Tabl. PL E„l. p. J 2 (1783i

Bucco cayannensis, Gm. Si/st. Nat i. p. 4()o (178S)

Capito cayauneijsis, Vinfl. X. Diet. HisL Sat. iv. p. oOO (1816^ ■

Oc^n, Mus. Pai/s-Ba.«, Buccones, p. 53 (186.3) y ) ^

Capito nibricollis, VieilL Enc. Mefh. iii. p. 1426 (18-^3)
Micropogon cayannen>is, Temm. PL CoL, texte lutr. p. 5.5 (1839^
Lapito erythrocepbalus, Gra;,, 6e/j. i?. ii. p. 430 (1846) ;\sc/ Ibis

1^61, p. 18o; ul Cat. Amer. B. p. 329 (1862) ; Grai, Lkt Canit

(isjo) '"" P- '^ ^''''^' "■'• '^'"'^-'- ^- "• P- ^'Vfno. S
Cai)it.) naniiis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846).
L-ubucco erytbrocephalus, &•/. i'. Z. 5' 1857 p '>(^
Capito niger, Mar.halL Monogr. Capit. p. 157'. pi. 63 (1871) • Scl Sr

Salv. .\o„ieucL Av. Xoofr. p. 110 (1873) : Salt: Ibis, 1886,'p. m

112

CAPITONID^.

Adult male. General colour above black, with a streak down each
side of the mantle, formed by yellowish-white edges to the feathers ;
lower back and rump black, all the feathers edged with olive-
yellow ; wing-coverts black, with a band of ochreous white across the
greater series ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, edged
with olive-brown, the inner secondaries with a mark of ochreous
white towards the end of the outer web ; upper tail-coverts and
t&il-feathers olive-brown, with blackish centres or shafts ; forehead
scarlet, followed by a band of straw-yellow, the hinder crown and
nape black mottled with brown, with an eyebrow of pale yellow
flanking the hind crown ; lores, feathers round eye, ear-coverts, sides
of face, and sides of neck black ; cheeks and throat rich scarlet, the
chin yellowish ; fore neck and under surface of body pale sulphur-
yellow, the sides of the breast with ovate spots of black ; sides of
body and flanks browner, with less distinct black centres to the
feathers ; thighs whitish in front, brown behind ; under tail-coverts
yellowish,, crossed with dusky bands ; under wing-coverts white
washed with ochreous buff; quills below dusky ochreous along
the inner edge. Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 3-2,
tail 2, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Like the male, but with the lesser and median
wing-coverts edged with yellow, and scarcely any trace of a whitish
bar across the greater coverts, the fore neck and chest thickly
mottled with black spots instead of being uniform yellow. Total
length 6 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 2-15, tail 1"85, tarsus 0-85.

Ilab. Guiana.

a,b. J 5 ad. Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvln-Godman Coll.

Sept., Nov. (II. Whitely).

c. 5 ad. sk. Atapurow River, Jan. 26 (H. Sa'vin-Godman Coll.

Whitely).

d. c? ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam (Knp- Salvin-Godman Coll.

pier),
e-g. S 2 ad. sk. Cayenne.
h. (S ad. sk. Cayenne. Riocour Coll.

(Named C. ruhricolli.^ by Vieillot, )

6. Capito punctatus.

Capito punctatus, Less. Traite, p. 165 (1831) ; Girn/, Gen. B. ii.

p. 4.?0(]846).
Capito aurifrons, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 3; Grni/, Gen. B. ii. p. 430

(1846).
Micropogon flavieollis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 120.
Bueco punctatus, Des Murs, Iconogr. Oni. pi. 20 (1846).
Capito flavieollis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 480 (1846).
Micropogon auricoUis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 12 (1854).
Micropogon aurifrons, Bp. f. r. p. 12 (1854).
Capito peruvianus {nee Cin\), Scl. P.Z.8. 1854, p. 115; id. Cat.

Amer. B. p. 329 (1862, pt.).
Capito auratus (nee Cuv.), Goffin, Mris. Pays-BaSjUuccones, p. 56

(1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Miis. p. 20 (18(i8) ; Pelz. Om.

Bras. p. 239 (1871); Scl. ^- Salr. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 298; iid.

18. cAPiro. 113

Nomencl. Ac. Neotr. p. J 10 (1873) ; Tavz. Urn. I'eiou, iii. p. 138

(188G).
(Jupito iimazonicus {nee Deville), Scl. >!)■ Scdv. P. Z. S. 18G7, pp. 580,

y79 ; Grai/, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 178, no. 8492 (1870).
Oapito aui'atus, var. amazonica, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 239 (1871 ).

Adult male. Similar to C. nujer, but having the throat bright
orange, not crimson as in tliat species, nor scarlet vermilion as in

0. auratus. Total length G inches, culmen 0'9, wing 3'4, tail 2*1,
tarsus 0-85.

Adult female. Similar to the female of C. )i!f/er, and strongly
spotted with black below, but distinguished by the orange throat.
Total length G inches, culmen 0'85, wing 3*4, tail 2"1, tarsus 0'85.

Jfib. Colombia, Ecuador, Eastern Peru, and Upper Amazonia to
Bolivia.

a-f. (^ 2 ad. sk. Bogota.

f/. cS ad. sk. llio Napo. Gould Coll.

/;. $ ad. sk. Rio Napo (i. Fraser). Selater Coll.

?', A. d 2 iid. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.

%).
/. 2 'id. sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll.

7)1. 2 ad. sk. E. Peru (Fare). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n,o. cJad. etjuv. Rio .lavari (^. W. Bates). Sclater Coll.

sk.
/). cJ ad. sk. Yquitos, Aug. 30 {H. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Whiteli/).
<l,r. cf 2 ad. sk. Cha,micuYos (J. Hatuwell). (4ouId Coll.

■•>•. cJ id. sk. Barcellos, Brazil, Aug. 31 (/. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Katterer).

1, u. cJ ad. et juv. Pillou. Bolivia (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.

7. Capito auratus.

Le Barbu orange du Perou, Lemill. Hist. JS^cit. Barbws, \>\. 27

(1800).
Bucco auratus, Dumont, Diet. ISe. Nat. iv. p. 54 (1816).
liucco peruvianas, Vnv. Bec/ne Anim. p. 428 note (1817).
Micropogon aureus, Temm. Fl. Cut. iii. Genre Barbu, p. 2 (1830) ;

Bp. C'o,!.^/). i. p. 142 (1850).
Capito peruvianus, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (184G) ; Hcl. Cat. Amer.

B. p. 329 (ISG2, pt.) ; id. i^- Salv. F. Z. 8. 18GG, p. 195.
Capito cayaunensis (nee Gin.), Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Brit. Guian.

iii. p. 720 (1848).
Capito aniazouiciis, Z>en7/e et Des Murs, jRev. Zool. 1849, p. 171 ;

Set. if Sale. F. Z. S. 1867, p. 753 ; Grai/, List Capit. Brit. Mus.

p. 21 (1868) ; Tacz. Orn. Feron, iii. p. 1.39 (1886).
Micropogon peruviauus, Bp. Conxp. Vol. Zi/i/od. p. 12 (18-54).
Ca])ito am-atus, Grai/, lland-l. B. ii. p. \~S, no. 8491 (1870) ; Scl. ^•

Sale. Nome/icl. Av. Neotr. y. 110 (1873, pt.) ; Tacz. F. Z. S. 1874,

p. 549; .SW. S,- Salv. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 634.
Capito niger (wee Bodd.), Bartlett, F. Z. S. 1882, p. 347.

Adidt male. Similar to C. niger. but differing m the orange-
coloured edges to the feathers of the lo^^•e^ back ; the whole
crown straw-yellow, with a little tinge of scarlet on the fore

VOL. XIX. I

114 CAPITONIDJE.

part ; the throat more of an orange-scarlet, the breast washed with
orange, and the sides not spotted with black, though there are
some indistinct blackish centres to the feathers of the sides of the
body: " bill horn}- black; feet lead-colour " (T'acraHow.^A.-t). Total
length 7"3 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 3-25, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Diifers from the female of 0. niger much in the
same waj' as the male does, and has the fore neck and breast
spotted with black centres to the feathers ; the wing-coverts are all
edged with orange. Total length 7*3 inches, culmen 0-9, wing
2-45, tail 2, tarsus 0-9.

Hah. Guiana to the Rio Negro and Upper Amazon.

a. <S ad. sk. (Tuiana. Sir R. Scbomburg:k [C.].

b. c? ad. sk. Oyapock, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.

c. cJ ad. sk. Ega, R. Amazon. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.].

d. 5 ad. sk. Pebas {E. L. Layavrl). Tweeddale Coll.

e. 5 ad. sk. Pebas, July '2 (j. Haux- Salvin-Godman Coll.

tcell).

8. Capito richardsoni. (Plate V. fig. 3.)

Capito richardsoni, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430, pi. 106 (1846) ; Scl.

Cat. Amer. B. p. 329 (1862, pt.) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Miis.

p. 22 (1868, pt.) ; id. Kand-l. B. ii. p. 178, no. 8498 (1870) ;

Marshall, Monoyr. Capit. p. 17;^., pi. 69 (1871) ; Hcl. ^ Salv.

Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 110 (1873, pt.).
Capito sulphm-eus, Eytou, Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 130.
Eubucco richardsoni, Bp. Co«s/j. i. p. 142 (1850); id. Co7isp. Vol.

Zygod. p. 13 (1854).

Adult male. General colour grass-green, with edgings of golden
olive to the dorsal feathei-s in some speciinens ; wiug-coverts like
the back; bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky brown,
externally olive-green, the greater coverts also olive : tail-feathers
dull olive-green ; crown of head very dark crimson, as well as the
sides of the face and ear-coverts ; lores blackish ; round the hind
neck a broad collar of blue-grey, separated by a blackish shade
from the crimson of the head ; cheeks and throat bright sulphur-
yellow, with a large chin-spot of dark crimson ; fore neck washed
with vermilion, which deepens into a large patch of scarlet-
vermilion on the breast ; remainder of under surface of body pale
sulphur-yellow ; the lower flanks, vent, and, under tail-coverts
white slightly tinted with yellow ; the sides of the body, flanks,
and under tail-coverts very broadly streaked with dark green ;
under wing-coverts yellowish white, with a dusky patch near the
edge of the wing ; quills dusky below, yellowish buff" along the
inner webs. Total length 5'5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2'7, tail
1-8, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being olive-green with
a slight golden wash ; forehead hoary grey, as well as a narrow
eyebrow, the latter terminating in a streak of golden yellow down .

18.

115

the sides of the neck ; lores and a bioMd band through the eye to
tlie ear-covcrts black ; cheeks and throat ashy grey with a slight
yellowish tinge ; across the fore neck a band of golden yellow :
breast snIj)hur-yellow, more or less mixed with ashy ; remainder
of under surface as in the male. Total length -5 inches, culmen 0-7,
wing 2-0"), tail 1-0, tarsus 0-7.
Ilah. Ecuador.

(t. ^^ ad. sk.
I>. 9 ad.sk.
''. $ ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk.
e,f. c?$ ad.sk.

fj. S ad. sk.
h, i. (S 2 ad. sk.

Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Rio Napo (Jameso7i).

Rio Napo.

Ecuador.

8arayacu, Ecuador (C. Bnck-

, %)•

Sarayacu (C. Buckle;/).
Intac, Ecuador (C. Buckley).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.

9. Capito granadensis. (Plate V. fig. 5.)

Capito ricliardsoui (nee Grmj), Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. IG'2 ; id. Cat.
Amer. B. p. ^'2Q (1862, pt.); Gnffln, Miis. rays-Ban, Euccones,p. 59
(I8C)3j; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mas. \). '1'2 (18U8, pt.) ; Salvin,
Ihis, 1870, p. 112; Scl. ^- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 110
(1873, pt.).

Adult male. Very similar to O. richardsoni, but differs in having
the chin-spot black instead of crimson. Total length 4*7 inches
culmen 0-(j, wing 2-('t, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-75.

ilab. U. S. of Colombia.

a, b, c. (S 2 ^- '
d, e. $ ad. sk.
/. 2 ad. sk.

Bogota.
Bogota.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater CoU.

10. Capito anrantiicollis.

Eubucco aurautiicolli.-, <S'c/. 1'. Z. S. 1857, p. 267.

Capito hartlaubi {nee Lafr ), Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 207.

Capito aurantiicollis, .SW. Ibis, 1861, p. 110; /(/. Cat. Ainei. B.

]). 329 (1802) ; Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 190 ; Gray, List

Capit. Brit. Mtis. p. 22 (1868); id. Iland-l. B. ii. p. 178, no.

8499(1870); Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 112 ; 3Iarshall, Monoyr. Capit.

p. 175, pi. 70 (1871); Scl. .V Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 298; /(</.

Nomencl. A v. Neotr. p. 1 10 ( 1873) ; Taczan. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 54! t :

id. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 141 (1886).
Capiti) melanolis, Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 190.

Adidt male. Similar to C. ricJiardsoni, but differing in the clearer
crimson colour of the head, sides of face, and chin, and especially
in the colour of the nape-band, which is pale sulphur-yeUow
instead of grey : " biU grey above, yellowish along the edges of the
mandibles and the remainder greenish ; feet greyish olive : iris dark

i2

110

CAPIIONID^.

grey" (Taezanowski). Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 0-7o, wing
2'65, tail 1"85, tarsus 0'7.

Adult female. Similar to the female of 0. i-ichardsoni, but with a
black forehead, goldon-yeUow crown, verditer-blue eyebrow and
ear-coverts, black chin, and greenish-yellow throat, followed by a
broad orange collar. Total length G inches, culraen U*75, wing 2-0,
tail 1-8, tarsus 0-8.

Hub. Upper Amazons valley.

a, h. S ad. sk. iiio Javari {H. W. Bates), Sclater Coll.

(Types of the species.)
c, c^. J 2 ad. sk. Kio Javari. H. W. Bates, Esq.

e,f. d 2 'id. sk. Samiiia, E. Peru {J. Hcmi- Salvm-Gudman CoU.

well).

//,//. cJ 5 ad.sk. Sarayacu, E. I'eru, Aug. {£. Sal viu-Godmau Coll.

Bartlett).

i, k. (S 2 ^d. sk. River Ucayali, July {J. Gould Coll.

HauxiDell).

11. Capito steerii. (Plate V. hg. 2.)

Capito steerii, Scl. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 140, pi. 12 (tig. inacc.) ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 45 ; id. Oi-n. Peroii, iii. p. 143 (1880).

Adult male. Similar to C. richardsoni as regards the colour of
the under surface of the body, but with a much larger patch of
crimson on the throat ; the head and sides of face are brighter
crimson, and are followed by a collar of light cobalt-blue round the
hind neck : " beak clear yellow, bluish at base : feet black ; iris
dark reddisb brown " (Stohmann). Total length 5 inches, culmen
0-8, wing li-i), tail 1-iJ, tarsus 0-7.

Hub. Peru.

a. S ad. sk. lluambo, Peru, March 12 (/. Stolz- Sclater Coll.

tnayin).

12. Capito versicolor. (Plate V. fig. 1.)

Le Barbu des Mayuas, IJriss. Orn. iv. p. 102, pi. vii. fig. 3 (1700) ;

Daubent. PL Enl. vii. p. 330.
Le Beau Tamatia, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 98 (1780).
Bucco versicolor, P. L. S. Mull. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 88 (1700) ; Cass.

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1804, p. 242.
Beautiful Barbet, Lath. Gen. Si/n. i. pt. 2, p. 498 (1782).
Bucoo pictus, Bodd. Tahl. PL Enl. p. 20 (1783).
Bucco elegans, Gin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 400 (1788).
Le Barbu elegant, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Barbus, p. 70, pi. 34 (1806).
Capito mayualeosis, VieiU. N. Diet, d^ Hist. Nat. iv. p. 497 (1816).
Capito mayuaneusis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1840).
Eubucco elegans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zygod.

p. 13 (1854).
Eubucco pictus, Sd. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 208.
Capito pictus. Scl. Ibis, 1861, p. 187 ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas,

Buccoues, p. 03 (1863).

IS. TAPITO. 117

r'apito vprsicolo]-, Hray, List Capif. lirit. Mvs. ]>. 21 (18C)>^') : id.
lluiid-l. II. ii. ]i. irK no. 840(; ( is70): 3I(irshall, MuvK/r. Capif.
1.. 1 7 1 , ].l. (iS ( J s71 ) ; ,SV7. 7'. Z. -y. 187:!, i)p. 78] , 783 ; 8d. i>,- Salv.
Nommd. Ar. Neotr.\>. 110 (1873); iid. 1'. Z. ,S. ]«79, p. 034;
Taczan. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 141 (188()).

Aditlt male. General colour bright grass-green, slightly inclining
to olive on the mantle ; wing-coverts like the back : bastard-wing,
])riinary-coverts, and ((uills dusky brown, externally olive-green ;
tail-tVnithers olive-green, brighter green on the edges; crown of
head as far as the nape scarlet ; hind neck with a band of silvery
cobalt : lores black ; (Uir-covcrts scarlet like the crown ; cheeks
silvery cobalt, forming a broad band ; chin black ; throat crimson,
followed by a narrow line of silvery cobalt, which is bordered by an
orange shade ; fore neck and chest bright yellow ; on the breast a
large scarlet patch ; remainder of under surface of body pale
yellow : the sides of body and flanks broadly streaked with green ;
thighs yellow ; under tail-coverts yellow, streaked with green ;
under wing-coverts white with a yellow tinge ; quills below dusky
brown, yellow along the inner edge. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-8, wing 2-85, tail 2-1, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. Different from the male, wanting the scarlet on
the head, which is olive-yellowish ; forehead verditer-blue, with a
basal line of l)lack like the lores ; sides of face, ear-coverts, and
throat verditer-blue, followed by a bar of scarlet across the lower
throat ; fore neck and chest pale emerald-green with a wash of
verditer-blue. Total length o-5 inches, culmen (>8o, wing 2*9,
tail 2, tarsus 0-8.

Hab. Bolivia and Peru.

a. S ad.sk. Interior of Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (C. Buckley). Sclater Coll.

c. c? ad.; d,e. TWoiilo {€'. Buckley). Salvin-Godman (Joll.
2 a4. sk.

f. 2 ad. sk. Huiro, Vallev of Urubamba, Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Peru, 4800' ft. {J. Orton).

13. Capito glaucogularis.

Capito glaucogularis, Tschudi, Arch. f. Xatury. 1844, p. 301 ; id. S)-

Cab. Faun. Peruan., Aves, -p. 2o9, tab. xxiv. tig. 2 (1855); Scl.

Ibis, 1861, p. 190; Goffin, Mus. Pays- Bus, Euccones, p. 164

(ISCJa); Graif, List Capit. Brit. .Vk.<.' p. 21 (18()S) ; id. Hand-l.

ii. p. 178. no. 8501 (1870); Mai-.s/nd/, Mmm/r. Capif. ]>. 169, pi.

67 (1871) ; Scl. L^ Salv. Xo7ne)icl. Av. Neotr. p. 110 (1873).
Micropogon irlaucogularis, J^/j. Consp. i. p. 142(1850); id. Con-tp.

Vol 7j!f(,od.Y'. 12(1854).
C^apito ervtbrocephalus, Tschudi S)- Cab. Faun. Peruan., Aves, p. 260

(18.-,.-,).'
Capit.) tscbudii, Scl. Iliis, 1861, p. 188: Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bag,

Buccones, p. 64 (1808) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 178, no. 8500.

Aihdt male. Similar'to C. versicolor, but differing in the colour
of the throat and cheeks, the latter being sulphur-yellow like the

118 r\rTToxm,T:.

fore neck and chest : chin black, followed by a crimson patch, the
lower throat silvery cobalt, followed by a distinct orange collar ; on
the breast a small patch of scarlet. Total length 6 inches, culmen
0-8, wing 2-9, tail 2-0o, tnrsns 0-8.
Hah. Peru.

a. (5 2 ad. sk. Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll.

14. Capito bourcieri. (Plate Y. fig. G.)

Micropogou boiu-cieri, if///-. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 179; id. Rev. Zool.

1849, p. lie, pi. 4.
Micropogou hartlaubi, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 180 ; id. Rev. Zool.

1849, p. 116, pi. 6.
Capito bourcieri (= S), G^rmj, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846) ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1854, p. 115, 18oo, p. 162 ; id. Ibis, 1861, p. 18>< ; id. Cat. Amer.B.

p. 329 (1862) : Gojin, Mm. Pai/s-Bas, Buccoues, p. 58 (1863) ;

Grriy, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1868) ; id. Handel. B. ii.

p. 178, no. 8497 (1870) ; Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. Ill ; Marshall,

Monogr. Capit. p. 165, pi. 66 (1871) ; Scl. ^- Salv. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 110 (1873, pt.) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 538.
Capito hartlaubi (=$), Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 430 (1846); Scl.

P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1855, p. 162; id.^Ibis, 1861, p. 189; id.

Cat. Amer. B. p. 330 (1862) ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Bas, liuccoues,

p. 61 (1863) ; Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1868).
Capito capistratus, Eyton. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 131.
Megalaima capistratus, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 29, pi. 45.
Eubucco bourcieri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zi)yod. p. 13 (1854); Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 146, 1860, pp. 95, 297.
Eubucco hartlaubi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 142 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zyyod. p. 13 (1854) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 267, 1858, p. 75.

Adult male. General colour above bright grass-green, wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills
dusky brown, externally green, the primaries a little more olive-
green on their margins ; tail-feathers oli\e-green, with bluish-green
edges ; crown of head bright scarlet as far as the nape. On the
side of the neck a silvery-white vertical band, almost meeting and
forming a collar on the hind neck ; lores and feathers round eye
black : ear-coverts, sides of face, cheeks, throat, and fore neck
scarlet ; breast pale yellow, fading off into white on the abdomen ;
sides of body and flanks white, streaked with broad green centres
to the feathers ; thighs white : under tail-coverts white with green
centres ; under wing-coverts white with a yellowish tinge ; quills
below dusky, tawny buff on inner edge. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-8, wing 2-8, tail 1-So, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Differs from the male. The scarlet on the head
and face "is wanting; the crown, nape, and hind neck dull golden
yellow : lores and forehead black, followed by a baud across the
sinciput of verditer-blue, like the sides of the face and ear-coverts ;
chin black; throat apple-green, followed by a collar of bright
orange, extending upwards towards the sides of the neck, where a
vertical band of golden olive replaces the silver-grey band of the

ll!t

male. Total length H inches, culmen 0*7, wing 2*0, tail 1'95,
tarsus U"75.

Hub. U. S. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. (J ad. ; b, c, d.

5 ad. sk.
e,f. cJ 5 ad. sk.
(/, h. S ? ad. sk.
V, h. 2 ad. sk.
/. c? ad. sk.

wi, w. c? id. sk.
", j9. cJ 2 ad.sk.

q, (S ad. sk.
/■. <S ad. sk.
.<- c? ad. sk.
/. S ad. .sk.

PJogota.

Bogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Frontina, I'. S. 0. {T. K.

Salmon).
Ecuador.
Saravacii, Eciiiidor (C. Jiuck-

%)•
Intac (C. Buckley).
Rio Napo.

Esmeraldas (Z. Fraser).
Nanegal (L. Fraser).

Purchasea.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

.">alvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

15. Capito salvini*. (Plate V. fig. 4.)

Capito bourcieri (wc Lafr.), Sah-in, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 212 ; Later.

Ati>i. Li/c. N. Y. ix. p. 130 (1870) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878,

]). 47.
Capito hartlaubi (wee Lafr.), Laivr. Ann. Lye. JN'. Y. ix. p. 130

(1870).

Adult male. Similar to the male of C. bourcieri. Total length
'rS inches, culmen 0-75, wing 2-7, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-8.

Adult femcde. Similar to the female of C. bourcieri, but without
anj- blne-grej band across the forehead, which is black, succeeded
by golden yellow, which forms a broad band across the centre of
the crown. Total length ')-5 inches, culmen O'Oo, wing 2-75, tail
I '8, tarsus 0-75.

Ilfd). Central America, from Panama to Costa Rica.

a, h. S 2 ad. sk.
c, d. (S ad. ; e.

2 ad. .*k.
/. S ad. sk.
y. 2 ad. sk.
//, i, k. S ad. : /.

2 ad.sk.
m. 2 ad. sk.

[Quito].

Costa Rica {J. Carmiol).

Costa Rica (J. Carmiol).
]5arianca, Feb. {J. Carmiol).
Chiriqiii, Veragua {E. Arce).

Chiriqui (F. Arce).

Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

* 1 have named tbis species after Mr. Salvin, wlio proved that the American
mombers of the group, which were for je.nrs considered to be distinct, were
iinly sexes of a much more limited number of species.

120 capitoxtd-t;.

19. TETRAGONOPS. „

Type.
Tetragonops, t/flrrf. Eduib. Phil. Jouni. n. s. i. p. 404

(1855) T. rlmniphastinu.*.

Range. Ecuador ; Costa Rica.

Key to the Species.

a. Coloui's varied ; head black, sides of face and

thi'oat blue-grey ; breast scarlet rhamphri'ftinus, p. 120.

b. Colours simple ; olive with goldeu yellow on

the forehead and reddish olive on the

thi'oat frantzii, p. 121.

1. Tetragonops rhamphastinus.

Tetragonops rhamphastiuus, Janl. Edinb. Phil. Juuni. n. s. i. p. 404
(1855), iii. p. 92, pi. iv. (185U) ; -S'c/. Ibis, 1859, p. 403 note, 1860,
p. 184, pi. vi., 1802, p. 2 ; Goffin, Mus. Pays-Ba.i, IJuccones,
p. 93 (1803); Gray, List Capit. Brit. Mus. p. 10 (18ii8); id.
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 177, no. 8488 (1870) ; Marshall, Munoyr. Capit.
p. 1, pi. i. (1871) ; Scl. ^- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 110 (1873) ;
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 932; Taez. lif Berl. P. Z. 8. 1885,
p. 116.

Adult. General colour above dark goldeu brown, with a band
of goldeu yellow across the lower back, the rump and upper tail-
coverts also washed with golden yellow ; scapulars like the back ;
wing-coverts slaty blue, including the innermost secondaries ;
bastard-wing and primary- coverts blackish, externally washed
with olive-yellow or tinged with slaty blue ; tail-feathers dark
slaty blue ; crown of head glossy black, produced into a nuchal
crest of elongated feathers, which overhang the mantle ; hind neck
also glossy black ; lores and feathers round eye, as well as the
base of the cheeks, black ; a broad white streak along the sides of
the hinder crown ; sides of the face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and entire
throat pale greyish blue ; the chin white ; fore neck bright glossy
scarlet, which colour extends down the centre of the breast, which
is otherwise dark golden yellow ; flanks, thighs, vent, and under
tail-coverts dull green, the latter washed with yellow ; under
wing- coverts ashy grey, with a blue shade near the edge of the
wiug; quills below dusky blackish, pale yellow along the edge.
Total length 8"5 inches, culmen 0"59, wing 1*25, tail 3-2, tarsus
Mo.

Hah. Ecuador.

a, hy c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

d, ^^f,ff- Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

/^. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.

i,k. Ad.sk. la tac, Ecuador (C. ^MC^/ey). Sal vin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Purchased.

10. TKTRAOONOPS. 121

'2. Tetragonops frantzii.

'retraf^ourips frantzii, .SV7. Ibis, 1604, p. ."571, pi. .\. ; Fraiitz. Ibis,
ls().">, p. ')'y\ ; Liiwr. Ann. Li/c. X. Y. ix. pp. 87. loO (IStiS);
Gray, List Caplf. Brit. .Hits', p. 10 (1868): id. lland-l. B. ii.
p. 177, no. 84^(9 (1870) ; Marshall, Monof/r. C'aj>it. p. 3, pi. ii.
(1871) ; 6W. 4- Hah: X<,m<-ncl. Av. Ncotr. p! 110 (1873) ; Bmicard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47.

Adult male. General colour above olive-green, the head, mantle,
and back more ochraccous ; wing-covcrts olive-gi'ceti, as also the
outer webs of the secondaries, the primaries externally dull olive-
yellow ; tail-feathers dull olive-green : on the nape a tuft of
elongated glossy black feathers, extending on to the mantle : head
like the back, but a little more washed with golden yellow, which
is very prominent on the forehead and over the eye : lores black ;
sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, and chest reddish ochre,
the base of the chin blackish ; remainder of under surface of body
greenish, mixed with ashy, the breast washed with golden, the
abdomen with pale yellow ; sides of upper breast hoary grey.
Total length 7"3 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 3-45, tail 2'3, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length T'o
inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3-4, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-95.

ifab. Costa Kica.

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.

d, ('. S 2 ^d. sk. Costa Rica ( Von Frantzius). Sclater Coll.

f,<j. c? j ad.sk. Costa Rica (,/. Carmiol). Salviu-Godmau Coll.

h. cS 'id. sk. Xavarro, Costa Rica, Jan. {J. 8alviu-(Todman Coll.

Cooper),

i, k. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica (//. Salviu-Godman Coll.

Rogers).

I. Ad. sk. Veragua, Salvin-Godman Coll.

122 RHAMPHASXrD.i:.

Family RHAMPHASTIDiE.

(By r. L. SCLATER.)
(See vol. x\'iii. p. 1.)

The Rhamp]K(stidcK constitute a well-marked family of the Scan-
sores or Zygodactylous Pkaria, recognizable at first sight by the
extraordinary shape and size of the bill, in which respect they are
rivalled only by the Anisodactylous Bv.cerotida; of the Paloeogean
Tropics. This organ (which has been elaborately described by Sir
E. Owen in Gould's 'Monograph') presents a remarkable combina-
tion of great bulk with sufficient strength and extraordinarj' light-
ness. The interior of the cavity in both mandibles is occupied by
a fine network of bony fibres, arranged so as to give great strength
to the external parietes without much weight. The development
of the bill is carried to its greatest extent in typical Itlimnpliastos,
and gradually decreases in the less normal forms.

The tongue of the lihamphastidfe (also well described by Sir E.
Owen) is likewise peculiar. The anterior portion consists of a long,
narrow, thin lamina, flattened horizontally, and supported by the
anterior process of the hyoid bone, which forms a ridge beneath it.
It measures nearly six inches in length in the larger species. At
about four inches from its extremity it is obliquely notched on both

Trimcated vomer of Ehamjjhasfos arid, with posterior parts of palatines.
(From P. Z. S. 1878. p. 933.)

sides, and these notches become deeper and deeper towards the apex,
giving it a strongly bristled appearance.

As in the Captitonidce, in which family these birds have their

RnA3viPHASTin.«. 123

nearest relatives, the oil-gkmd of the Toucans is tufted, there are no
c.Tca, and the rcctrices are reduced to ten in number. Eut the
lihantphastidce, as pointed out by Garrod (P. Z. 8. lS78, p. 933),
differ structurally from the Cajntoniihe in the form of the vomer',
wliich in the lihami,hastidce presents a large tabular truncation at
its anterior extremity, instead of being bifurcate, as in the Capi-
tonuhf, and sending forth its limbs to join the maxillo-palatines.

The lihamphasttda are confined to the Neotropical Kegion, and
are distributed more or less thickly over the wooded districts of that
Region, from Southern Mexico to Northern Argentina. Thev do
not occur iu the Antilles, on the western .slope of tlae .South- American
Andes south of the Gulf of Guyaquil, or in any part of the Pata-
gonian Subregion. The species seem to be most numerous in the
great wood-region of Amazonia.

So far as the nesting of this family is known to us, the e^o-s are
always laid in hollow trees. Their form is regularly ovd" and
their colour white, of a tine grain, and slightly shiniuo-. ( Cf Des
iJurs, Ool. Anal. p. 234.) a K j. ^^^

The lihamphastidce were first monographed by Levaillant * who
however, was only acquainted with about 7 or 8 species, and' those
very imperfectly. Early in the ornithological career of John tiould
this brilliant group attracted his attention, and his well-known
Moiiograph of them was completed iu iS34. A second and revised
edition of the Monograph was published in 1854. In 18G7 John
Cassin published, in the ' Proceedings ' of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, an excellent review of the species of Rham-
jihastuhe, based on the specimens iu the Academy's Collection. This
is the most recent authority on the subject.

Kei/ to the Genera.

A. JJill very large and broad ; nostrils opening fp. 124

backwards beiiind the casque : sexes alike. 1. Rhamphastos
15. I^ill not large; nostrils opening upwards at '

the edge of the casque.
(I. Nostrils rounded, jjlaced on the sides of
the culniiual ridge.
//'. ]5ill longer, more than twice the length
)f the head ; sexes alike or nearly so:
[ biU wider at base, culmen nai--

, .,i;°^^«l" ■ 2. AXDIGKNA, p. 1.3.3.

I bill narrower at base, culmen [p. 137.

,/ 1,1. \ ^^"idei- 3. Pteboglossus,

0 . liiU shorter, less than twice the length

of the head : sexes different 4. SELKXiDEnA, p. 148

fj. ^ostrlls elongated, lateral, placed beneath fp 153

the cubiiiual ridge : sexes alike 5. Aulacorhamphus, "

* ' Ilistoire Natiirelle des Oiseaux de I'aradis.' vol. ii. Paris, 18tM;.

4

124 EHAMPHASTITI.F,.

1. RHAMPHASTOS. r^

Type.

Ramphastos, Lmn. S. N. i. p. 150 (1766) R. erytlirorhyncbus.

Tucaius, £p. Consp. Vol. Zyij. p. 4 (1854) R. dicolorus.

Builiynchus, Camn, Proc. Ac. Phil. 1867, p. 102 . R. carinatus.

Tucaniis, Cassin, op. cit. p. ]04 R. erythrorliynclnis.

Ramphoclryas, Cassin, op. cit. p. IOC) R. ariel.

This genus embraces the largest and strongest species of the
family. They are mostly black and white in colour, varied with
scarlet and orange.

The area of Rhawphasfos is co-extensive with that of the family,
or very nearly so. The most northern species is B. carinatiif!,
which is met with in the Mexican province of Vera Cruz : and the
most southern, JR. toco, which extends into the confines of the
Argentine Republic.

In WMmpIiastos the sexes are similarly coloured.

Koj to the Sjiecies.

A. Upper tail-coverts white.

a. Throat white 1. foro, p. 124.

l). Throat yeUow.

a'. Cap black ; nape reddish brown :

I scarlet breast-band narrow ... 2. carinatu.'t, p. 125.

( scarlet breast-band Avide 3. brcviearinatus, p. 126.

V . Cap and nape reddi.'ih brown :

I base of bill obscure 4. iocard, p. 127.

) base of bill liplit reddish 5. amhif/mi.t, p. 128.

R. Upper tail-coverts yellow or orange.
c. 15ill red, with pale basal and culminal

bands (>. criithvorhiinchus,^. 128.

(I. Bill black, with pale ba.=al and culminal
bands.
c . Black of bill with a reddish ba.=al spot. 7. iwca. p. 120.
d'. Black of bill uniform.
a". Throat white, or very sliglitly
tinged with yellow :

j larger 8. cuvieri, p. 130.

I .smaller 9. ctdminatus, p. 1.30.

b". Throat lemon-yellow 10. cifreolcemus, p. 131.

c". Throat yellow 11 . oscitlans, p. 131.

0. Upper tail-coverts scarlet.

e. Bill black, with a light basal band :

j whole throat orange 12. ariel, p. 131.

I sides of throat wliite 13. vitellinus, p. 132.

/. Bill greenish, with black basal band . . 14. dicolorus, p. 133.

1. Rliamphastos toco.

Toucan de Cayenne, appell(5 Toco, Daub. PI. Enl. 82.

Ramphastos toco, Miill. Si/st. Nat. Siippl. p. 82 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 356 ;

Lath. Lid. Orn. i. ]). loo ; Ma.r. Beitr. iv. p. 271 : Wagl. Si/st. Av.

sp. 1 ; liin-m. Si/st. XTeb. ii. p. 203 ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 721 ;

Goidd, P. Z. S'. 1834, p. 74 ; id. Mon. Pamph. ed. 1, ]il. 6, et ed. 2,

pi. 1 ; Sturm, Mon. Pamph. pt. iii. pi. i. ; Pp. Consj). i. p. 93 ; Scl.

1. HllAMPHASTOS. J 25

Cat. A. B. p. 324 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 233 ; Cassin, Pi: Ac. Sc.

Phil. 1867, p. 100 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 108 ; White, P. Z. S.

1882, p. (520 (Ai-fT. Rep.); Salv. Ibis, 188(5, p. (35 (Brit. Giiian.) ;

Bcrl.J.f. O. 1.S87, pp. 2o, 121 (Para-uay) ; Scl. et Iliuh. Av<j.

Orn. ii. p. 40.
\jii Toco, Lei'iiill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 7, pi. 2.
TiiCiliio, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 2-36 (Paraguay),
llainpliasto.s maguirostris, Sir. Class. B. ii. p. 299 (!■').
Kaiupliastos albogularis, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 101 (S.

Brazil).

Above black ; rump white : beneath black ; throat and fore neck
white, slightly tinged with yellow on the neck and narrowly bor-
dered with red ; crissum crimson ; bill orange, with a largo black
blotch at the end of the upper mandible : whole length 22 inches,
wing S"0, tail 0, bill from gape (5-4. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Lower Amazouia, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and
N. Argentina.

The more southern bird has been separated as R. alhoguJaris ; but
I fail to appreciate any sufficiently distinctive characters, although
the throat in southern specimens is perhaps rather more white.

a. Ad. st. British Guiana. R. Schomburgk [C.l.

b. Ad. sk. British Guiana. R. Schomburgk [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Demerara. Salviu-Godman CoU.
d,e. S2 ad. sk. Para. Gould Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Me.xiana, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Wallace^.
(J. Ad. sk. 8.E. BrazU. Sclater Coll.

/(. S ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salviu-Godman Cull.

Sul (Joi/ner).
i, k. Ad. sk. Chapada, Mato Grosso {S. Salviu-Godman Coll.

H. Smith).

2. Rhamphastos carinatus.

Ramphastos piscivorns, Linn. S. N. i. p. lol ; Gtnel. S. N'. i. p. 355 ;

Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 13(5 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 93 ; Later. Ann. Lye.

N. Y. viii. p. 183 (Nicaragua); -SW. Cat. A. B. p. 324.
Ramphastos carinatus, Sio. Zool. III. ser. 1 , vol. i. pi. 45 ; lJ'a//l. Si/st.

-ly. sp. 7; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 73; id. .Monoijr. Ramph. ed. 1,

pi. 7, et ed. 2, pi. 2 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph. pt. iii. pi. 2: Bp. P. Z. S.

18;57, p. 108; Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 2Gl ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856,

p. 308 (S. Mexico), 1859, p. 5'.» (Honduras), et pp. 368, 388 (S.

Mexico) : Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 135 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837

(Honduras); iid. Xonmicl. p. 108; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Philad.

181)7, p. 102 ; Sale. Ibis, 1889, p. 373 (Yucatan) ; Rid(/w. P. U.S.

N. M. vi. p. 407 (Nicaragua), et ix. p. 163 (Mexico) ; Boiw.

P. Z. S. 1S83, p. 455 (Yucatan),
itamphaslos tucanua, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 3ii2.
Ramphastos callorliiuchus, If'affl. Si/st. Av. sp. 6.
Ramphastos snUiuatus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 173.

Above black ; rump white ; nape stained with dark maroon-
purple ; beneath black ; throat and fore neck dear yellow, with a
faint scarlet border below : crissum scarlet : bill dark, with a large

126

EHAMPHASTID^.

yellow blotch on the upper mandible and red tip : whole length 21
inches, wing 8, tail 6"8, biU from gape 5-8. Female similar.

Hah. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Nicaragua.

a. c? ad. sk.

h, c. 5 ad. sk.

d. 5 ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.

/. S ad. sk. ; y.

Ad. sk.
h, i. cJ 2 ad. sk.

k. Ad. sk.

/, ;«. $ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.

0. Ad. sk.

p. Ad. sk.

q,r. c? ? ad. sk.

s. Ad. St.

t. Jr. sk.

u. Ad. sk.

v~:r. Ad. sk.

(/. Ad. sk.
k 5 ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.

b'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.

e' . Ad. .sk.

/', (/ . Ad. sk, ;

h' . Jr. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.

Rio liaucho Xuevo, near 3Ii-

santla, Vera Cruz, Mexico

{Ferrari-Ferez) .
Misantla, Mexico (Godman).
Colipa, Vera Cruz, Mexico

(Godman).
Hacienda de los Atlixcos, Vera

Cruz, Mexico (Godinnn).
Vega del Casadero, Vera Cruz

{Trujillo).
S. Lorenzo, Cordova, Mexico

{Ferrari-Perez) .
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico

(Mrs. H. H. Smith).
Vera Cruz ( W. B. Hichardsnn).
Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico (Mrs.

H. H. Smith).
Valley of ^lexico (PEstrangc ).
Jalapa, Mexico {de Oca).
Mexico.
Mexico.

Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Northern Yucatan {Gaiimer).
Orange \^'alk, Brit. Honduras

{Gaumer).
Belize {Blancaneaux).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salviu).
Sources of the Rio de la Pasion,

Vera Paz {Salvitt).
Lanquin, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz {Salvin).
Cahabon, Guatemala (Sahnn).
Rio Dulce, Guatemala (Salcin).
San Pedro, Honduras ( Whitehj).

Honduras.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Salviu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.

E. Dyson [C.].

3. Rhamphastos brevicarinatus.

Ranipha.'<tos approximans, Cuh. J. f. O. 18(52, p. '■)3'i (Costa Ricaj ;
Cuss. Fr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 181)7, p. 103; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 362
(Costa Rica) ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 128 (Costa Rica).

Ramphastos brevicarinatus, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. iii. (1854);
Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 10.3 ; Sa/r. litis, 18m, p. .317.

Ramphaslos piscivorus, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870. p. .585 (Trinidad).

Ramphastos carinatus, Laicr. Ann. Lye. A.I', vii. p. 299 (Panama) ;
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 366 (Panama) ; Sulv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 156, et 1870, p. 211 (Veragua); Salv. et Gcdm. Ibis, 1879,
p. 208, et 1880, p. 175 (Santa Marta).

Similar to R. carinatus, but with the crimson cervical collar
broader and well defined : generally ratiier smaller and bill shorter.

1. UlIAMPnASTOS.

12";

I/a/j. Cost-d Hum, Veragiui, Panama, and Northern Colombia.
Tliis is a very closely allied southern form of IL carimtns. 1 am
very doubtful as to tiie propricly- of recognizing its separation. The
specimen from Santa Alarta is (juite as large as the Mexican bird.

(I. Ad. St.
I>. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.
e- S ad. sk.
f. $ ad. sk.

<J, h. c? $ ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

k. S ad. sk.

Central America.
Turrialba, Costa Rica {Arcc).
Costa Eica {Canniol).
Costa Rica {Fruntzius).
Chitra, V'eragua {Arvr).
Santa Ft5, Veragua {Arce).
Panama (McLecmnan^ .
Bay of Panama.

Manaure, Santa 3Iarta, U. S. C.
(^Simons).

Pm-c-liased.
Salviii-Goduian Coll.
0. Salviu, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Capt. Kellett and Lt.

Wood [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. Rhainphastos tocard.

Le Tocard, Lemill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 25, pi. 9.

Ramphastos tocard, VieiU. Noiiv. Bid. x.xxiv. p. 281 ; id. Enc.
J/eY/i. p. 14aO ; Wagl.Syst. Av. sp. 4; Less. Tr. d'Oni.^. 171:
lip. C'o/isp. i. p. 9.3; Gould, Man. liamp/i. ed. 2, pi. 4 ( upijer
figure) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 70 (Ecuador) : /(/. Cat. A. B. p. 3^:
Lawr. Ann. Lxjc. N. Y. vii. p. 299 (Colombia), et ix. p. 128 (Costa
Rica) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1862, p. 334 (Costa Rica) ; Scl. et Salt.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 306 (Panama), et 1879, p. 537 (Autioquia) ; iid.
Aomencl. p. 108 ; Fmntz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 362 (Costa Rica) ; Sah:
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 211 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 323 (Nica-
ragua) ; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 46 (Costa Rica) ; .Salr. et Godm
Ibis, 1879, p. 206 (Colombia); liidf/u: P. J'. S.' S. M. vi. p. 407
(Nicaragua), et x. p. 591 (Honduras) ; Bed. vt Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885
pp. (58, 108 (Ecuador) ; Tacz. Oni. Per. iii. ]). 145. '

Ramphastos ambiguus, Tscli. Faun. Per., Ares, ]>. 261.

Ramphastos swainsonii, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 69, et 1864, ]>. 73 ;
id. Monoi/r. Ramplt. ed. i. pi. 8 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph. ut. iv
pi. i.

Ramphastos eugnathus, ]\'ai/l. Sijst. Av. (Additamenta).

Above black ;^ neck and upper back washed with maroon ; upper
tail-coverts white : beneath, throat and neck sulphur-yellow, bor-
dered below by a scarlet band ; belly black : crissnm scarlet ; upper
mandible traversed by a diagonal black line from tlie nostrils to the
commissure : bill above this line yellow, beneath it more or less
red : whole lengtli 24 inches, wing 9-;"). tail 7, bill from gape 6-3.
Femnh' similar.

Uab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Western Ecuador.

h.

Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.
(S ad. sk.
S ad. sk.

/'. J ad. sk.

Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Angostiura, Costa Rica {Car-

miol).
Sau Jost^, Costa Riea (Callija).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
S. slope of Vole, of Chiriqui

{Arce).
I'auama (MvLeu/i/iun).

Salviu-Godmiin Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salviu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-tiodman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

128

RHAMPHASTID.?;.

g. Ad. sk. Panama (McLea/inan).

k. Ad. sk. Panama.

i. Ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. {Salmon).

k. Ad.sk. Chiguinda, Ecuador (Z?MeA-/e_y).

I. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).

m. Ad. sk. Western Coast of S. America.

n. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

o. Ad. sk. Ecuador {'f).

p. Head. Ecuador (?).

Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Capt. Kellett and Lt.

Wood [C.].
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.

5. Rhainphastos ambiguus.

Rauiphastos ambiguus, Siv. Zool. III. ser. 1, iii. pi. 1<J8 ; Gould, Mon.

Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 5 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 160 (Bogota), 1859,

p. 146, et 1860, p. 95 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 325; Scl. et

Sale. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 (Venezuela), et 1873, p. 297 (E. Peru) ;

Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 585 (Trinidad) ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.

1883, p. 573, et 1885, p. 68 ( W. Ecuador).
Ramphastos swainsonii, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 8 (tig.

inf.).
Eamphastos abbreviatus. Cab. J. f. O. 1862. p. 334 (Venezuela) ;

Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 104.

Similar to R. tocard, but whole of the bill beneath the diagonal
line black.

Hah. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Eastern Peru.

I canuot say that I am satisfied as to the real distinctness of this
form from li. tocard, some of the specimens being intermediate. In
Ecuador both forms seem to occur. The Venezuelan bird has
been separated as having a smaller biU, but similar small-billed
examples occur in other localities.

a. Ad. St. Bogota (I-*).

b. Jr. st. Bogota.
c-k. Ad. sk. Bogota.

/. Ad. sk. Colombia.

m. c? ad. sk. Manaure, Santa Marta, U. S. C.

(Simons),

n. c? ad. sk. Guataparo,Venezuela(GomH^).

o,p. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

q. Ad.sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (P/-«s«-).

r. Ad. sk. Sau Jose, Ecuador (Buckley),

s. Ad.sk. ChayaTetas,E. Peru (i?ari/ei<).

Purchased.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Cull.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Rhamphastos erythrorhynchus.

Ranijihastos tucanus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 151 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 355 ;

Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 136 ; Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 11 ; Ca.isin, Pr. Ac.

Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 104.
Toucan a gorge blanche de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 262.
Le Tocan, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 10, pi. 3.
Rani])hastos ervthrorlivncluis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 355 ; Wat/l. Sysf. Av.

sp. 2; Pet. Orn. Bras. p. 233; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 72; id.

1. BHAMPHASTOS. 129

Molt, liamph. eJ. 1, pi. 3, et ed. 2, pi. b ; Fiiisch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 584 (Triuidad) ; Scl. at Salv. Noinencl. p. 108 ; Salv. Ibis, 1880
p. 04 (Brit, (tuian.).

Le Tocan a collier jauue, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 13, pi. 4.

Ramphastoil evaillantii, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 8.

Above black ; upper tail-coverts yellow : beneath, throat and
neck white ; pectoral band scarlet ; belly black ; crissum scarlet ;
bill red, with a broad basal band of yellow, which is margined with
black ; tip of lower mandible black : whole length 22 inches, wing
ii'5, tail 7, bill from gape 6'2. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and Northern Brazil.

a-c. Ad. St.
d. Ad. St.

British Guiana (Schombtiryli).
Rio Xegro.

R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
Gould Coll.

e.

2 ad. sk.

British Guiana.

Gould Coll.

/■

? ad. sk.

Bartica Grove, British

Guiana

Salviu-Godman CoU.

ti-

Ad. sk.

( Whifehj).
Carimang R., British

Guiana

Salvin-Godman Coll.

ll.

2 ad. sk.

( Whitely).
Roraima, British

Guiana

Salvin-Godman CoU.

i.

Ad. sk.

( Whitely).
British Guiana.

Sclater Coll.

h

/. Ad. sk.

Demerara.

Gould CoU.

m

, «. d" $ ad. sk.

Rio Negro.

Gould Coll.

V.

J ad. sk.

Para {Xafterer).

Salvin-Godman CoU.

J>-

Ad. sk.

Para ( Wallace ).

Salvin-Godman CoU.

J>

r. Ad. sk.

Maranham, Brazil
born).

( Wetide-

Salvin-Godman CoU.

7. Rhamphastos inca.

Ramphastos inca, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 68 ; id. Man. Ramph. ed.
2, pi. 7; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 105; Scl. et .Salt:
Nomencl. p. 108 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 297 (E. Peru), et 1879,
p. e;J3 (BoUvia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru) : id. Oni.
Pir. iii. p. 140.

Above black ; upper tail-coverts orange : beneath, throat and
nock white, with a sUght yellowish tinge on the neck : belly black ;
crissum scarlet; bill black, with a small red blotch, broad basal
band and culmen pale yellowish : whole length 22 inches, wing 9,
tail 0"5, bill from gape 6-4. Female similar.

Hah. Bolivia and Eastern Peru.

Generally similar to R. erythrorhi/nchus, but with the bill mostly
black and the upper tail-coverts orange.

a, b. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Gould CoU.

c. Ad. sk. Bohvia. Gould CoU.

d. Neck-feathers. Bolivia (Bridges). Gould CoU.

130 KHAMPHASTID^.

8. Rhampliastos cuvieri.

Rampliastos cuvieri, Wctffl. Syst. Av. sp. 5 ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 171 ;
Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 73 ; id. Monogr. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 2 ; id.
ed. 2, pi. 8 : Sturm, Mmoyr. Ramph. pt. i. pi. 2 ; Peh. Orn. Bras.
p. 233; Scl. P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 161 (Bogota), et 1857, p. 266 (Upper

Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 147 ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1889, p. 310.
Le grand Toucan a gorge orange, Levaill. Oix. dc Par. ii. p. 15,

pi. 5 (?).
liamphastos forsterorum, Wayl. Syst. Av. sp. 8.

Above black ; upper tail-coverts orange, sometimes tinged with
scarlet : beneath, throat and neck white, lower neck often tinged
with lemon-yellow ; pectoral band scarlet ; belly black ; crissum
scarlet ; bill black, culminal line and basal band yellowish : whole
length 22 inches, wing 9-5, tail 6-3, bill from gape 7-8. Female
similar.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

6, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

d-f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

</,"c?ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (ifaM.i- Gould Coll.

tvell).

h. Ad. sk. R. Ucavali. E. Bartlett [C.].

i. Ad. sk. R. Ucayali {Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

li. Ad. sk. Amazons. Gould Coll.

I. Ad. St. Rio Negro. Gould Coll.

m. Jr. sk. Rio Negro. Gould Coll.

n. Ad. St. Lower Amazons. Pm-chased.

9. Rhamphastos culminatus.

Ramphastos culminatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 70, et 1834, p. 73 ;
id. Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 1, ed. 2, pi. 11 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph.
pt. 1. pi. 1 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 234; Bi). Consp. i. p. 92; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 75, 460 (Ecuador) : Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 195 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 297 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 633 (Bolivia) ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 108 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 105 ; Tacz.
Orn. PSr. iii. p. 146 ; Berl. J.f. 0. 1889, p. 310.

Similar to R. cuvieri, but generally smaller, and bill much smaller :
whole length 18-5 inches, wing 8, tail 6, bill from gape 4-3.
Hah. Eastern Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia.

a. $ ad. sk. Chayavetas, E. Peru {Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons (IlaH.rwell). Gould Coll.

c-e. Ad.sk. 11 ^^ev Amazons {Bartlett). Gould Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Cosuipata, S. Peru ( Whitely). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

1. UHAMI'IIASTOS.

J5oli

i. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Vung'as,

(liuckh'y).
k. Ad. sk. (-Juanai, lit)livia (^BuckUni).

I. Ad.sk. Sau Jose, J!]cuador (/j'««c/bfc//j.

m. Ad. .sk. Bogota {?).

n. Ad. St. Bon-ota.

131

Salviu-Godiuau Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Cull.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.

10. Rhamphastos citreolaBmus.

llampliastos eitreolasmus, Gould, I'. Z. 6'. 184-j, p. 147 (Bogota) ;
id. Mon. Hamph. ed. 2, pi. 9 ; Sd. P. Z. S. 185i5, p. IGl (Bogota) ;
Camn, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 106; Wi/aff, Ibis, 1871, p. 379
(Colomliia) ; iScl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 537 ( Autioquia) ; Berl.
J.f. O. 1881, p. 310 (BucaramaugaJ.

Above black ; upper tail-coverts lemon-yellow : beneath, throat
and neck pale lemon-yellow ; belly black ; crissum scarlet ; biU
black, basal band and eulmen greenish yellow: whole length 20
inches, wing 8, tail (ro, bill from gape 5. Female similar.

llab. Colombia.

(t, b. <S 2 ''^^- s^^- Kemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmoii).

c. Ad. sk. ^ledellin, Antioquia {Salmon). Gould Coll.

d. (5 ad. sk. Canta, JNlagdaleua Valley, Salvin-Godmau Coll.

U. S. C. ( Wyatt).
c. S ad. sk. Canta, Magdalena Valley, Sclater Coll.

U.S. C. {Wyatt).
/, (J. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.

11. Rhamphastos osculaus.

liampbastos oseulans, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 156; id. Mon.
Bamph. ed. 1, pi. 5, ed. 2, pi. 10 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 92 ; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 234 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 106 ; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 108; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 65 (Brit. Guiana).

Above black : upper tail-coverts orange : beneath, throat yellow,
pectoral band scarlet, belly black, cris.sum scarlet ; bill black, basal
band and culm en yellow : whole length 17'5 inches, wing 7"5, tail
6, bill from gape 4. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana and llio ]S^egro.

The deep yellow neck and orange upper tail-feathers sufficiently
distinguish this species.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.
0, d. Jr. sk.

Oyapok, Cayeune.
British (iuiana.
Rio Neffro.

Sclator Coll.
Gould ('.ill.
Gould Coll.

12. Rhamphastos ariel.

Rampliastos ariol, M(j. Zool. Jouni. ii. p. 466; Owen, P. Z. S. 1832,
p. 42; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 74; id. Mon. Ramph.ed. 1, pi. 10,
et ed. 2, pi. 12; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 325 ; Pe!z. On. Bras. p. 234;

jl2

132 RHAMPHASTID,^.

Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 106; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 108 ; Berl. J.f. O. 1873, p. 277 (S. Brazil).
Ramphastos temminckii, Wagl. Syst. At: sp. 10 ; Max. Beitr. iv.

p. 272 : Bunn. Si/st. Ueh. ii. p. 205 ; 8turm, Mon. Ramph. pt. iii.

pi. 4 ; 'Cah. J.f. O. 1874, p. 228 (S. Brazil).
Le grand Toucan a ventre rouge, Levaill. Ois. tie Par. ii. p. 17,

pi. 6 (?).
Ramphastos erythrosoma, IJ^ai/l. Si/st. Av. sp. 9.

Above black ; upper tail-coverts scarlet : beneath, whole throat
and neck orange ; broad pectoral band scarlet ; belly black ; crissum
scarlet ; bill black, with a yellow basal band : whole length 18
inches, wing 7*5, tail 6-5, bill from gape -l-S. Female similar.

Hab. Eastern Brazil.

a. Ad. St. S.E. Brazil. Purchased.

b,c. (5 2 ad. sk. ; Para, Brazil. Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater CoU.

/. Jr. sk. Peruambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ff. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Mas. [E.].

h. Ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Boffers).

i. $ ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. ' Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Jardine Coll.

m. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll.

n. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased.

13. Rhamphastos vitellinus.

Ramphaatos vitellinus, Licht. Doubl. p. 7 ; Sw. Zool. III. ser. 1,

i. pi. 56 ; IFaf/l. Syst. Av. sp. 12 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 74 ;

id. Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 9, et ed. 2, pi. 13; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. iii. pi. 3 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 93 ; Less. Tr. d'Orn.

p. 173 ; Cah. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 722 : Taylor, Ibis, 1864,

p. 93 (Trinidad) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 107 ; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 235 ; Finsch, P. Z. S.'\870, p. 584 (Trinidad) ; Salv.

Ibis, 1886, p. 65 (Brit. Guiana).
Le Pignan-Coin, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 19, pi. 7.

Above black : upper tail-coverts scarlet : beneath, throat and
sides of neck white ; fore neck yellow ; broad pectoral band scarlet ;
belly black ; crissum scarlet ; bill black, with a pale basal band :
whole length 18 inches, wing 7"5, tail 6"5, biU from gape 4'6.
Female similar.

Hab. Trinidad, Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.

At once distinguishable from R. arid by the white sides of the
neck. In B. ariel the whole throat and fore neck are of a uniform
orange.

a. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. st. Cayenne. Purchased.

0) d. c? $ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Whitelij).

2. ANDIGENA.

i3y

e-g. Ad. sir. British Guiana.

h. Ad. sk. Demerara.

?". Ad. St. Demerara.

h. 2ad.sk. Lower Amazons (7F«//«ce).

/. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons.

Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.

14. Rhamphastos dicolorus.

Ramphastos dicolorus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 152; Gm. S. N. i. p. P,56;

Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 135 ; W'af/I. Si/st. Av. sp. 14 ; Siv. Zool. III.

ser. 1, ii. pi. 108 ; Jard. ct Selb. III. Orn. i. pi. 29 ; Less. Tr.

d'Orn. p. 173; Gould, P. Z. 8. 1834, p, 74; id. Mon. Bmnph.

ed. 1, 1)1. 11, et ed. 2, pi. 14 ; 8turm, Mon. Ramph. pt. iii. pi. 5;

Bp. Comp. i. p. 93 ; Cab. in 8cho7nh. Guian. iii. p. 722 ; Burm. 8yst.

Ueb. ii. p. 204 ; Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 368 ; Peh. Orn. Bras.

p. 235 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. 8c. Phil. 1867, p. 107 ; 8cl. Cat. A. B.

p. 325; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 308 (Brazil); 8cl. et 8alv.

Nomencl. p. 108; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 277 (S. Brazil), et 1887,

p. 121 (Paraguay); Cab. j. f. 0. 1874, p. ■:>;1^ (S. Brazil) ; Sah.

Ibis, 1886, p. 65 (Brit. Guiana).
Ramphastos chlororhynchus, Temm. Man. d^Orn. i. p. Ixxvi.
Ramphastos pectoralis, 8haw, Gen. Zool. yiii. p. 365.
Tucai, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 239 (Paraguay).
Ramphastos tucai, Licht. Boubl. p. 7 ; Waal. 8ust. Av. sp. 13 : Less.

Tr. d'Orn. p. 173.
Le petit Toucan a ventre rouge, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 22, pi. 8.

Above black : upper tail-covcrts scarlet : beneath, throat pale
lomon-yellow, with a large orange patch in the middle ; upper half
of belly scarlet, lower half black ; crissum scarlet ; bill greenish,
with a black basal band : whole length 20 inches, wing 8, tail 7,
bill from gape 4*2. Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil and Paraguay.

a. Ad. St.

b. Ad. St.

c. .Ir. St.

d. (^ ad. sk.

e. 2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.

(J. Ad. sk.
h-l. Ad. ; m. Jr.
sk-.

S.E. Brazil.

S.E. Brazil.

S.E. Brazil.

Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joyner).

Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joi/ner).
Novo Fribourgo, Rio, Brazil

(Youds).
S.E. Brazil.
S.E. Brazil.

Mrs. Graham [P.].
Purchased.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Salvin-Godmau CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Gould CoU.

2. ANDIGENA.

Type.

Andigcna, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1850, p. 93 A. h^-poglaucus.

Ramphomelus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zxjg. p. 4 (1854) A. nigrirostris.

This little group, which embraces five or six species, mostly in-
habitants of the high forests of the Andes, has usually been placed
lower down in the series, but seems to me to come in most naturally
next to Wuimpliastos,

184 EHAMPnASTTD.-R.

The typical Andlgence are all of a generally bluish-grey colour,
A. hailloni, if it really beloDgs to this genus, presenting a remark-
able deviation in this respect, as it does in its range. The sexes
are alike.

Key to the Species.

A. General plumage bluish grey.
a. Throat bluish grey.

a'. Flanks imiforni :

j rump yellow ; tail-end chestnut .... 1. hypoglancus, p. 134.

] rump green ; tail unifonn 2. cucullatiis, p. 134.

h'. Flanks yellow ; tail-end chtstnut .... 3. laminirostris, p. 135.
h. Throat white :

) bill uniform black 4. niyrirostris, p. 135.

\ bill with red blotch 5. spilorhi/7ickus,-p. 136.

B. General plumage yellow 6. baillom, p. 136.

1. Andigena hypoglaucns.

Pteroglossus hypoglaucus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 70, et 1834,

p. 77 ; id. Mon. Mamph. ed. i. pi. 19; Sturm, Mo)i. Ramph. pt. ii.

pi. 4 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 94.
Andigena hypoglauca, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 93 ; id. Mon.

Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 38 ; Cas.-<in, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 122 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186 (Peru) ;

Tacz. et Perl. P. Z. S. 18S5, p. 108 (Ecuador) ; Tacz. Om. Per. iii.

p. 157.

Above dark green with a brownish tinge ; cap black, broad
nuchal band bluish grey : rump yellow ; taU-end chestnut : beneath
bluish grey, thighs dark chestnut ; crissum scarlet ; bill yeUow,
broad transverse band near the base and end of lower mandible
black, culmen and apical half of upper mandible red : whole length
17"5 inches, wing 7, tail 7, bill from gape 4. Female similar.

Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Western Peru.

a. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.'

b, c. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ley).

d. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buck- Sclater Coll.

lei/).

e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f-h. Ad.; i,k. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

Jr. sk.
/. (5' ad. sk. Cachupata, S.AV. Peru Sclater Coll.

(Whitely).

2. Andigena cucuUatus.

Pteroglossus cucuUatus, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 69; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 95.
Andigena cucuUatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 93 ; id. Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, pi. 39; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,

p. 634 (Bolivia) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 122 ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 548 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 45 m.E. Peru).

2. AXDIGEN'A. 135

Above dark green with a brownish tinge on the back ; cap
black ; nuchal band bluish grey : beneath bluish grey, darker on the
throat ; thighs brown ; crissum scarlet : bill greenish yellow, with
the tip and a spot at the base of the lower mandible black : whole
length l-'yo inches, wing i'fo, tail (J-o, bill from gape 3.

JJcib. liolivia and Peru.

This species is easily distinguished from A. Injpoglaucus by its
differently coloured bill, green rump and uniform tail, without the
chestnut tail-end.

rt, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].

3. Andigena laminirostris.

Andigena laminirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 93 ; id. Moti.
Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 87; Sclatcr, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 146, et 1860,
p. 95 (Ecuador) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 327; Casdn, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil.
1807, p. 122 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 308, et 1885, p. 121
(W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 158.

Above clear olive-brown ; head and nape black ; rump lemon-
yellow ; tail dark grey, with broad chestnut tail-end to the central
feathers : beneath blue, large flank-spot yellow ; thighs brownish
chestnut ; crissum scarlet : bill black, more or less red at the
base ; raised plate at the base of the upper mandible white : whole
length 17 inches, wing 6-5, tail 6-5, bill from gape 4. Fenuile
similar.

JIaJ). Ecuador and Western Peru.

The raised plate near the base of the upper mandible renders this
species unique among the RhamjjhasfuJa', and, indeed, among birds.
The orange-yellow flank-spot likewise separates it from the two
preceding species.

a. S ad. St. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). .Sclater Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. .lima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Arf. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(/-i. Ad.; /,-. Ecuador. Gould CoU.

.Tv. sk.

4. Andigena nigrirostris.

Pteroglossus nigrirostri.s, Waterh. P. Z. S. 1830, p. Ill; /)'/). (^on-y).

i. p. 94.
Ptei-oglossus melanorhyuchus, Sfunn, Monoyr. Rnmph. pt. i. pi. 3.
.\ndigena nifrrirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850. p. 93 ; id. Monoyr.

Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 40; Set. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 161 (Bogota); id.

Cat. A. B. p. 327; Ca.x-nn, Pr. Ac. Sc. Philad. 1867, p. 123;
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 379 (Colombia) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 319

(]>ucaranianga).

Above clear brownish olive ; cap and nape black ; rump pale
yellow : tail dark grey, with brown chestnut tail-end to central

a, b. Ad. St.

Bogota.

c. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

d-ff. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

h. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

i. Ad. sk.

Rio Napo.

?c. Ad. sk.

Peru(?).

136 EHAMPHASTID^.

feathers : beneath pale sky-bhie, throat white ; thighs chestnut ;
crissum scarlet ; bill black : whole length 17 inches, wing 6-8,
tail 7, bill from gape 4. Female similar.
Bab. Colombia.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.

5. Andigena spilorhynchus.

Andigena nigi-irostris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, et 1858, p. 75.
Andigena spilorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 149; Sclatei;

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 7o (note) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. ^^2^ ; Cassin, Pr.

Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 12-3 ; Scl. et Salt. NomencL p. 109 ; iid.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 5.37 (Antioquia).

Similar to A. nignrostris, but with a reddish blotch at the base
of the bill, extending more or less along the upper mandible.
Hab. Western Colombia and Ecuador.

a. (S ad. sk. Concordia, Antioq\iia (Sal- Sclater CoU.

mon).

h,c. (5 $ ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia {Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.

mon).

d, e. Ad. sk. Coucordia, Antioquia {Sal- Gould Coll.

7non).

f-h. Ad. sk. Antioquia {Salmon). Gould Coll.

'i,k. Ad.sk. Eosario, Ecuador (i>'2<cA:%). Salvin-Godman Coll.

I, m. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Forests of Baiza, Ecuador. Gould Coll.

6. Andigena bailloni.

L'Aracari Baillou, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 44, t. 18.

Ramphastos bailloni, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 283 ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 1431.
Pteroglossus bailloni, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 7 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834,

p. 77 ; id. Mon. llamph. ed. 1, pi. 20, et ed. 2, pi. 41 ; Sturm,

Mon. Ramph. pt. iv. pi. 4; Bp. Consp. i. p. 94; Less. Tr. d'Orn.

p. 176; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 114; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 238 ; Berl. J.f. O. 1873, p. 279 (S. Brazil); Cab. J.f. O.

1874, p. 228 (S. Brazil).
Pteroglossus croceus, Jard. et Selb. III. Orn. i. pi. 6.
Andigena bailloni, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 93 ; Scl. Cat. A. B.

p. 328.

Above olive-green, more yellowish on front and superciliai'ies ;
rump scarlet : beneath saffron-yellow, flanks and crissum greenish ;
bill greenish, dark at the base, where there is a reddish blotch :
whole length 15 inches, wing 5'3, tail 6"5, bill from gape 3-2.
Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

i

3. PTEROGLOSSUS. l."57

As regards its colour this Toucan stands quite alone. Gould
placed it in the present genus, where I think it may remain, unless
anollier generic name is formed for it.

a. Ad. st. S.E. Brazil. Lord .Stuart de Kothesay

[P.].
//. Ad. sk. Novo Friboiu-go, llio, Salvin-Godman CoU.

Brazil {I'ouds).

c. (S ad. sk. Pelotas, llio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sul, Brazil (Jut/iicr).

d. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
(■-(J. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll.

/(. Ad. sk. fcj.E. Brazil. yalvin-Godman Coll.

i. Skeleton. Eyton Coll.

3. PTEROGLOSSUS.

Type.
Bteroglossus, 111. I'rodr. ■Si/--<t. Main in. ct Av. p. 202

(lyil) P. aracari.

Aracari, Less. 31im. d'Oru. ii. p. 131 (1828) P. azara.

Pyroslerna, Bp. Cunsj). Vol. Zyg. p. 4 (1854) P. hitorquatus.

Beauharnasius, Up. ibid. p. beauharnaisi.

(xrammarliyuchus, Gould, Mon. Mamph. od. 2, introd.

p. 2G (iso4) P. inscriptus.

Fkroijlossas is the most brilliant and diversitied genus of the
family, with a plumage of green, scarlet, and yellow, often arranged
in patches of marked contrast, llefusing to acknowledge several
subdivisions of recent authors to be of generic value, I place 18
species within the limits of this genus, and include among them the
magniticent Curl-crested Aracari, one of the finest bu'ds of the
whole iN eotropical Urnis.

Fteroylossiis ranges as far north as lihamphastos, but not perhaps
quite so far south, as no species has yet been detected in Argentina,
though F. vjicdl extends into the Brazilian province of Rio Grande
do tSul. The headquarters of PterocjJossus is certainly the great
forest of Amazonia, a\ here numerous species are met with.

In I'teroglossus the sexes are mostly alike or nearly so, but in
some species the males are considerably more intense in colour, and
thus distinguishable by external characters.

Key to the ISpecies.

A. Head-feathers not scaly.
(I. Breast banded ; sexes ahke.
a. liill larger (l'tero(/lo.'<sus).

a". Without 11 black pectoral spot.
a". Nape black.

a*. \\ itb one band beneath.

«■'. Stripu on culuieu broad . . 1. anicari, p. 136.
//■'. Stripe uu eulmen uuirow :

\ smaller 2. uiedi, p. 13"J.

I larger 3. fonnosu^, p. 130.

138 RHAMPHASTIlKTi:.

U. With two bands beneath. . . 4, jjJuricmctiis, p. 130.

b'". Nape chestnut 5. castanotis, p. 140.

b". With a black pectoral spot.

c'". With a chestnut nuchal collar :

j belly-band mostly black. ... 6. torquatus, p. 141.

I belly-band scarlet 7. frantzii, p. 142.

d'". Without a chestnut nuchal
collar:
j base oflower mandible white. 8. eri/fhro}7i/c/ius, p. 143.
I base of lower mandilile black. 9. xanffidnevs, p. 143.
b'. Bill smaller (Pt/rosfe ma),
c". Neck-band yeUow :

) base of lower mandible white . 10. hitorqtiatus, p. 144.
) base of lower mandible black . 11. sturmi, p. 144.
d". Neck-band scarlet :

1 upper mandible uniform .... 12. Jlavirostris, p. 144.
•! upper mandible with a brown

I stripe 13. azara, p. 145.

6. Breast not branded ; sexes different
{Grnmmarhynchus) .
c' Tomise with black transverse stripes :

( under mandible black 14. humholdti, p. 14G.

I imder mandible mostly white .. 15. M?s«-«)ji2<s, p. 146.
(/'. Tomife without black transverse
stripes :

\ culmen uniform 10. viridis, p. 147.

jculmen with a black stripe .... 17. didymus, p. 147.
B. Head-feathers scaly, cm-led 18. beauharnaisi, p. 148.

1 . Pteroglossus aracari.

Ramphastos ara9ari, Linn. S. N. i. p. 151.

Pteroglossus ara9ari, III. Prod. Sjjst. Maimn. et Av. p. 202; War/l.

Syst. Av. sp. 2 ; (touM, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 75 ; id. Mon. Ramph.

ed. 1, pi. 12, et ed. 2, pi. 15; Bjx Cotisp. i. p. 93; Cassin, Pr. Ac.

Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 108 ; Scl. Cat. A. P. -p. 325 ; Svl. et Sah. P. Z. S.

1867, pp. 580, 694 (L.Amazons); iid. NomencJ. p. 108; Finsch,

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 584 (Trinidad) ; Scdv. Ibis, 1886, p. 65 (Brit.

Guiana).
Toucan verd du Br6sil, Daub. PI. Enl. 166.
Ramphastos atricollis, Miill. S. N. Suppl. p. 83.
L' Aracari a ceinture rouge, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 29, pi. 10.

Above dark green, head and nape black, ear-coverts more or less
tinged with chestnut ; rump scarlet : beneath pale yellow ; throat
and neck black ; ventral band scarlet ; flanks and crissum reddish
green ; upper mandible white, with a broad ciilminal stripe :
under maudiblo black: whole length 18 inches, wing 6, tail 6-.j,
bill from gape 4*4. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, Surinam, and Lower vimazonia.

a. 5 ad. sk. Bartica Grove. Br. Guiana 8alvin-Godman Coll.

{Whitely).

b. Ad. sk. Demerara. Gould Coll.
e, d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.

3. fTER0rn,0S8US.

139

e. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.

//. Ad. sk. Maroni 11., Simuani (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Pteroglossus wiedi.

Pteroglossus wiedii, Sturm, Man. liamph. pt. iv.; Gould, Man.

Ilamph. ed. 2, pi. IG; C'assin, I'r. Ac. Sv. I'hil. 1807, p. 108; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. -i-lKS; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 235; Scl. el Saiv. P. 'A. S.

1807, pp. 594, 595,(L- iVuiazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 108; Hamilton,

Ibis, 1871, p. 308 (Brazil) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1873, p. 277 (S. Brazil) ;

Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 228 (S. Brazil).
Pteroglossus arafari, Mac. Beitr.'w. p. 283; Burm. Syst. Ueb.W.

p. 207 ; Euhr, J.f. O. 1807, pp. 190, 195.

Similar to P. aracari, but culminal stripe narrow, and thighs
more greenish.

Ilab. Lower Amazonia and 8.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Capim R., Lower .\mazonia

(Wallace).

b. Ad. sk. Para.

c. Ad. sk. Bahia.

d. Ad. sk. Bahia.

e. Ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas, Brazil

(Iio(/('rs).

f. $ ad.sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,

Brazil {Joyner).
(J. Jr. sk. Brazil.

h. Ad. sk. Brazil.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sahiu-Godnian Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Purchased.
Goidd CoU.

3. Pteroglossus formosus.

Pteroglossus firmosus, Cab. J.f. O. 1802, p. 332 (Venezuela);
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 108.

Larger than the two preceding; culminal stripe narrow, and
thighs green, as in P. iviecli.
IJab. Venezuela.

4. Pteroglossus pluricinctus.

Pteroglossus pluricinctus, Ganld, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 157 ; id. 3Ion.
Pantph. ed. 1, pi. 15, et ed. 2, pi. 17; Stitrtn, Mon. Ramp/t. pt. ii.
pi. 3 ; Bp. Cijiisp. i. p. 94 ; Sclater, P. /. S. 1858, p. 75 ( J^cuador) ;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 320 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. P/ul. 1807, p. 109 ;
Pelz. Orn. Bra.i. p. 23G ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 753, et
1873, p. 297 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 109; Salv. Ibis, 1886,
p. 05 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pir. iii. p. 151 ; Berl. J. f. O.

1889, p. 310 (K. Peru)

Pteroglossus pcecilosternus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 147 (Bogota) ;

id. Mon. Ra)iipli. ed. 2, pi. IS : /)'/;. Con^ji. i. p. 94 ; Cassin, Pr.

Ac. 6V. l>/,il. 1^07, p. 109 ; Scl. Cat. A. H. j). 320; Scl. et Sale

Nomencl. p. 109.
L' Aracari a double ceintme, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 32, pi. 11.

140 RHAMPHASTID^.

Above dark green, head and nape blackish, ear-coverts more or
less tinged with chestnut ; rump scarlet : beneath yellow ; throat
and neck and well-defined pectoral band black ; ventral band black,
more or less mixed with scarlet ; thighs brown, mixed with green ;
upper mandible wliite, with a narrow basal band and broad
culminal stripe black ; lower mandible black : whole length 18
inches, wing 6, tail (V5, bill from gape 4'5. Female similar.

Hah. Colombia and Amazonia.

P. ])h(rici)ictus was established on batterer's specimens from the
Rio Negro, and P. poecilostcrnns on Bogota skins. I cannot
separate examples from these localities, but Upper Amazonian
specimens have the ventral band much more mixed with scarlet, as
in Gould's figure of P. j^oef' lost emus. However, there is much
variation on this point, and I think it much better not to recognize
more than one species.

a-d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman,

Sclater, and Gould Colls.

e,f. S $ ad.sk. Rio Negro. Gould Coll.

(/. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.

/(,/, Ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (^Mf/c/e?/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

k. (S ad. sk. Chayavetas, E. Peru {Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll.

leit).

I. (S ad. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (Han.r- Sclater Coll.

well).

m-o. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Gould Coll.

p. Bill. Upper Amazons. Gould Coll.

5. Pteroglossus castanotis.

Pteroglossus castanotis, Govld, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 119, et 1834, p. 75:
id. Mon. Pamp/i. ed. 1, pi. 13, et ed. 2, pi. 19 ; Sturm, Mov.
Pamph. pt. ii. pi. 1 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 93 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 115 (Ecuador), et 1855, p. 161 (Bogota) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 326 :
Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p! Ill ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 236 ;
Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 186G, p. 195 (Ucavali), 1873, p. 297 (E. Peru),
et 1879, p. 633 (Bolivia) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 109 ; Tacz. Orn. Per.
iii. p. 151 ; Berl. J.f. 0. 1889, p. 311.

Above dark green ; head black, sometimes with a chestnut coronal
spot ; nape and sides of head more or less brownish chestnut ; rump
scarlet : beneath pale yellow ; throat and fore neck black, thi'oat
sometimes more or less chestnut ; broad ventral band scarlet ; thighs
brown : upper mandible straw-colour, with a broad culminal stripe
and elongated band on each side along the base black ; lower man-
dible black : whole length IS inches, wing 6, tail 6-5, bill from
gape 4-2. Female similar.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, Amazonia, Bolivia, and interior of
Brazil.

This is a wide-ranging species and is subject to much variation.
The southern bird has xsualhj a brownish coronal patch and a lighter

3. PTEROGLOSStlS. 141

chestnut on the neck. It may be termed australits, after Cassin, by
those who use trinomials.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Andoa, Ecuador (Z??<r7i;/(?j/). Sal vin-Godmau Cull.

e. Ad. sk. Barra do Kio Negro ( Wallace). .Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Rio Negro. Purchased.

g. Ad. st. Rio Negro. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Lower Amazouia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i-l. Ad. sk. Lower Amazonia. Gould Coll.

in, n. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Gould Coll.

o. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons ( W«//rtce). Salvin-Godman (JoU.

p, q. $ ad. sk. Sumiria, E. Peru {Hauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. 5 ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Bartlett).

s. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckle//). Salvin-Godman Coll.

t-b'. (J ad. ; c'- Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

!/'. $ad. sk. (H. H. >Smith).

!'',t. d'?ad, sk. Abrilango, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

{11. U. Smith).

U. Pteroglossus torquatus.

Kamphastos torquatus, Gm. S. N. i. p. .354 ; Lath. lad. Orn.

i. p. 137 (?).
Pteroglossus torquatus, Waffl. Isis, 1829, p. 508 ; Gould, Mon.

Rainph. ed. '2, pi. 20 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph. pt. ii. pi. 2 ; Scl.

P. Z. S. Itf.jT, p. 20-3 (Mexico), 1858, p. 359 (Hondui-as), et 1859,

p. 59 (Hondm-asj, et p. 388 (Mexico) ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 326 ; Scl.

et Sail). Ibin, 1859, p. 135 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 366 (Panama),

1870, p. 837 (Honduras), et 1879, p. 537 (Antioquia) ; iid. Nonwncl.

p. 109; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 119 (Honduras); Lawr. Ann. Lye.

N. Y. vii. p. 2iJ9 (Colombia), et ix. p. 129 (Costa Ricaj ; (Jab.

J.f. 0. 1862, p. o-'A (Costa Rica); Frantz. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 362

I

p. 175 (Cc

lombia) ; Nutt. P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 401 (Costa Rica), et vi.

pp. 388, 407 (Nicaragua) ; Pid(/ic. P. U. S. A\ xM. ix. p. 163

(Mexico), et x. p. 591 (Honduras).
Pteroglossus ambiguus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 178.
Pteroglossus regalis, Licht. in Mus. Berul. ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834,

p. 75; id. Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 14; Bp. Omsp. i. p. 94.
Pteroglossus uucbalis, Cab. J.f. O. 1862, p. 332 (Venezuela) ; Cassin,

Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 110.

Above dark green ; head black ; narrow nuchal collar chestnut ;
rump scarlet : beneath pale yellow ; throat and neck black, pectoral
spot black, breast more or less stained with crimson ; belly-
band black, more or less mixed with crimson ; thighs chestnut ;
bill black ; narrow basal lino all round white ; greater part of upper
mandible except the tip pale yellow : whole length 15 inches, wing
5"5, tail 6, bill from gape 4. Female similar.

Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama ;
also Northern Colombia and Venezuela.

The pectoral spot is very faintly marked in some specimens of
this Toucan, but large and distinct in others fium the same locality.

142

RHAMPHASTIDiE.

a. c?iicl. sk.

b. $ ad. ; C-. ?
jr. ; d. Ad. sk.

e. S jr. sk.

/; r/. c?ad. ; /), *'.

2 ad. sk.
A;-m. Jr. sk.

w. 2 ad. sk.

0. cJad. sk.

p. 2 ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r, s. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
iJ, w. Ad. sk.

.1-2. Ad. sk.
a' , b'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
ff'. Ad. sk.
h', i'. Ad. st.
k', v. Ad. sk.
m' . Ad. sk.
«', o'.c? $ad. sk.
;/. 2 ad. sk.
(/'. 2 ad. sk.
r'. cj ad. sk.

s'. Ad. sk.
t'. J ad. sk.

u' . Ad. sk.

y'. S ad. sk.
?y'. Skeleton.

S. Lorenzo, Cordova, Mexico

{Ferrari- Perez).
Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz,

Mexico (Trujillo).
Sochiapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico

(Trujillo).
Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico (Mrs.

K. H. Smith).
Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras

(Gaumer).
Cayo, Brit. Honduras (Blanca-

nemix).
Tonala, S. Mexico (Sumi-

chrast).
Izalam, N. Yucatan (Gaumer).
Belize (Blancaneaux).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz.
Savana Grande, Guatemala

(Salvin).
Retalliuleu,Guatemala('S'«^y«w).
Retalhuleu, Guateniala(<S'a/ww).
Retalhuleu,Guatemala('S'aZym).
Guatemala.

San Pedro, Honduras( Wliitely).
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Nicaragua {Delattre).
Nicaragua (Dyson).
Bebedero, Costa Rica (Arce).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Santa Marta (Simons).
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta

(Simons),
Santa 3Iarta.
Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Sabno^i).
Remedio.-;, Antioquia, U. S. C.

(Salmon).
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela

(Goeriny).

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman CoU.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Goidd Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Purchased.

7. Pteroglossus frantzii.

Pteroglossus frantzii, Cab. Sitz. not. Ges. Freunde Berlin, November
1801 ; id. J. f. 0. 1862, p. 333 (Costa Rica) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc.
Phil. 1867, p. 110; Later. Ann. Lye. A\ Y. ix. p. 129 (Costa
Rica) ; Frantz. J. f. 0. 1869, p. 362 (Costa Rica) ; Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 211 (Veragua) ; Scl. et Salv. No7nencl. p. 109 : Bouc.
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 (Costa Rica).

Above dark green ; head black : nuchal collar chestnut ; rump
scarlet : beneath yellow ; throat and neck black ; pectoral spot
black, breast more or less stained with crimson ; broad and

3. PTKKORLOSaUS. 143

well-defined bellj'-band crimson, with slight black punctures ; thighs
chesluut ; bill with a white basal line all round ; upper mandible
yellow, with a broad black blotch at the base of the culmeii extend-
ing over the basal two thirds ; lower mandible black : whole length
16 inches, wing G, tail G. Female similar.

Hah. Costa llica and Chiriqui.

Generally similar to /•'. iorquatiis, but at once distinguishable by
the broad well-detined crimson ventral baud and the yellow tip of
the upper mandible.

a. Ad.sk. San Jos(5, Costa Rica (C'«r?/(to/). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Gould Coll.

c. cjad. sk. S. slope of Volcano of Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Arce).

d. Ad. .sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll.

e,f. c? 5 ad. ; y. Bugaba, Chiriqui (.4rce). Salvin-Godmau Cull.

$ ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui {Arce). Gould Coll.

s. Pteroglossus erythropygius.

Pteroglossus erythropygius, Gould, F. Z. S. 1843, p. 15 ; id. Zool.
Voy. ' Sulphur,' p. 45, pi. xxviii. ; id. Man. Hampk. ed. 2, pi. 21
(lower lig.) ; Sol. I'. Z. S. 1860, pp. 71, 286 (Ecuador) ; Lator. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 178 ( Chiriqid) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867,
p. 109 ; Sale. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 157 (Veragua) ; Scl. et Sale. No-
mencl. p. 109 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573, et 1885, p. 123
(Ecuador).

Above dark green : head and nape black ; rump scarlet : beneath
pale yellow ; throat and neck black ; pectoral spot black, breast
more or less stained with crimson ; ventral band black, slightly
mixed with crimson ; thighs chestnut : biU mostly yellow ; lateral
line along the base of the upper mandible and tip of lower mandible
black : whole length 16 inches, wing 6, tail (ro, bill from gape 4.
Female similar.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

The original specimen of this species, now unfortunately lost, is
said to have been obtained at Realejo in Xicaragua, but all the
specimens I have seen with authentically determined localities are
from Ecuador. The ne.xt .species is, I suspect, its more northern
representative.

a-c. Ad. sk. Sauta Rita, Ecuador {Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ffomez).

d. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Pallatauga, Ecuador {Fi-aser). Gould Coll.
f-i. Ad. ; k. Jr. licuador. Gould CoU.

sk.

9. Pteroglossus sanguineus.

Pteroglossus ervthropygius, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 21 (upper
Kgure) : Cas.nn, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1860, p. 136 (Rio Truando).

I'teroglossus sanguineus, Gou/d, Mon. liamph. ed. 2, text to pi. 21 ;
Cussiii, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 109.

144 EHAMPHASTIDiE.

Similar to P. erytliropygius, but with the lower mandible black.
Hah. Northern Colombia.

Cassin states that six specimens obtained by Capt. Michler on the
Rio Atrato in Northern Colombia are " undoubtedly of this species."

a. Ad. sk. Northern Colombia. Gould Coll.

10, Pteroglossus Mtorquatus.

Pteroglossus Mtorquatus, 77(/or.<, Zool. Jom-n. ii. p. 481 (182B) ;
Gould, P. Z. .S. 1834, p. 76 • kl. Mon. Eamph. ed. 1, pi. 16, ed. 2,
pi. 26; Sturm, Mon. llamph. pt. i. pi. 5; Ccn^sin, Pr. Ac. Sc.
Phil. 1867, p. 113; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 237; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, pp. 586, 595 (Para) ; tid. Nomencl. p. 109 ; Salv. lUs, 1886,
p. 65 (Brit. Guiana).

Above dark green ; cap black : upper back and rump edged with
crimson : beneath, throat, neck, and sides of head dark chestnut,
becoming black on the lower margin ; neck-collar pale yellow ;
breast crimson ; belly pale yellow ; thighs and flanks green ; upper
mandible pale greenish yellow ; lower mandible white ; apical half
black: whole length 14 inches, wing 4"7, tail 5, biU from gape 3'3.
Female similar.

Hah. Lower Amazonia.

a. Ad. St. I'ara, Lower Amazons. W. Graham, Esq. [P.].

h. c5' fid. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal- Sclater Coll.

lace).

c. Ad. sk. Para. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Goidd Coll.

e. Ad. St. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll.

IL Pteroglossus sturmi.

Pteroglossus stuvmii, Natl. MS. ; Sturm, Mon. Rampli. pt. iii. pi. 7 ;
Gould, Mon. Rami)h. ed. 2, pi. 27 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Vhil. 1867,
p. 113; Pefc. Orn. Bras. p. 237 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109.

Similar to P. hitorquatus, but lower mandible black.

Hah. Rio Madeira.

The single specimen of this species obtained by Natterer near
Borba on the Madeira, in 1830, remains, so far as I know, unique in
the Vienna Museum.

12. Pteroglossus flavirostris.

Pteroglossus flavirostris, Frascr, I'. Z. S. 1840, p. 60; Goidd, Mon.

Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 29; Sturon, Mon. Ramph. pt. iv. pi. 3 (text);

Bp. Comjh 1. p. 94 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115, 1857, p. 267, et 1858,

p. 75 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 326.
Pteroglossus azarfe, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 17 ; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. i. pi. 4 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 114 ; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 237 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 753, et 1873,

p. 297 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 109; Tacz. P.Z. S. 1882, p. 44

(N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 148 ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1889, p. 312.

'.). I'TKKOGr.OSSUS.

145

Pteroglossua marise, Gould, Mon. Ramph. od. 2, pi. -'JO ; Caamt, Pr.
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 114.

Above dark green : cap black ; nape dark crimson ; rump scarlet ;
sides of head and tliroutdark chestnut., with a black ])ord(!r beneath ;
broad ncek-baud scarlet ; upper belly black, lower belly pale yeUow :
thighs green ; bill yellow, with a line of black spots along the edges
of the upper mandible : whole length 15 inches, wing 5, tail 5*5,
bill from gape 3'5. Female similar.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

After carefully examining the present series I have come to the
conclusion that the only satisfactory plan is to unite the birds termed
by (jould P. Jlavirostris and 1'. maria;. The brownish tinge on the
lower mandible appears to be an unreliable character, and there is
considerable variation in size in specimens from the same locality.

a. Ad. st.
h, c. Ad. sk.
rf. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sic.
/, ff. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I, '>»■ 6 ? ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q, r. (S $ ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk.

i t. Ad. sk.
M. Ad. sk.

V. Ad. St.

E. Peru.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Sai'ayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).

Rio ISfapo.

Rio Javari (Bates).

Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett).

Samiria, Upper Amazons (Haux-

■well).
Upper Amazons {Haiixwell).
Upper Amazons.
Ega, Upper Amazons.
R. Amazons.
R. Amazons {Hauxwell).

R. Amazons.
Oyapok, Cayenne (?').
R. Amazons.

Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll,
Purchased.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Gould CoU.

of P. mariis.)
Pm'chased.
Sclater Coll.
Pm'chased.

(Types

13. Pteroglossus azarae.

L'.Vracari -\.zara, Levaill. Prom, et Guep. Sitppl. p. 40, tab. A.
Ramphastos azara3, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 282 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1431 ; id. Gal. Ois., Suppl. (plate).
Pteroglossus azarse, Wagl. Sijst. Av. sp. 3; Sturm, Moyi. Ramph.

pt. iv. pi. 3 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 94 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 76 ; id.

Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 28 ; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 60 ; Cassin, Pr.

Ac. Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 114; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109; Tacz.

Oni. Per. id. p. 149.
Pteroglossus uigridens, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. Ixxv (.'').

Similar to P. Jlavirostris, but rather smaller, and with a broad
brown band along the lower edge of the upper mandible.
Hab. Guiana and llio Negro.

a, b. Ad. st.
c, d. Ad. sk.

Rio Negro.
Rio Ne^To.

I'urchnsed.
Gould Coll.

146 RHAMPHASTIDJi.

14. Pteroglossus humboldti.

Fterogiossus humlioldti, TVciffl. Syst. Av. sp. 4 (1827) ; Gould, Mon.
Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 22, ed. 2, pi. 22 ; id. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 157 ; Sturm,
Mon. Emni}h. pt. ii. pi. 5 ( c? ), pt. iii. pi. 8 ( $ ) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 267 (U. AmazoDs) ; Cassiii, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 112;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 287 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 195 (ITca-
yali), 1867, p. 753, et 187.3, p. 297 (E. Peru) ; iid. Noinencl. p. 109 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 149 ;
Perl. J.f. O. 1889, p. 311.

Above dark green ; head black ; rump scarlet : beneath pale
yellow ; throat and neck black ; thighs brown ; upper mandible
clear ochraceous ; culminal ridge and row of spots along the cutting-
edge black ; lower maiidible black : whole length 14 inches, wing 5,
tail 5-5, bill from gape 3'5. Female similar, but throat, neck, and
nape brown.

Hab. Upper Amazonia.

a. 5 ad. sk. Nauta, 11. Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.].

b,c.(S2 ad. sk. Rio Javari. W. Bates [C.].

d. Ad. St. Pdo Javari. W. Bates [C.].

e. (S ad. sk. Uppei' Ucayali. E. Bartlett [G.].
/. cj^ad. sk. Sarayacu, E. Peru ( Jf7H'^e^«/j. Sclater Coll.

ff, h. c?$ad. sk. JiWu'iL,!^. Vevn (Ilauxivell). Salvin-Gotl man Coll.

i. cJad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godmau Coll.

{Whitely).

k. $ad. sk. Chayavetas, E. Peru (^f«-</ei^). Sclater Coll.

I. Ad. St. ^ Amazonia. Gould Coll.

in. S ad. ; n-p. Upper Amazons. Gould Coll.

$ ad. sk.

q, r. 5 ad. sk. Audoa, Ecuador {^Buckley). Salviu-Godman Coll.

15. Pteroglossus iuscriptus.

Pteroglossus inscriptus, Swains. Zool.Ill. ser. 1, ii. pi. 90 ; Wayl. Syst.
Av. sp. 5 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 77 ; id. Man. Ramph. ed. 1,
pi. 23, ed. 2, pi. 23 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph. pt, iii. pi. 9 ; Vassin, Pr.
Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 112 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 236 ; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 586 (L. Amazons) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 109 ; Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 393 (Para) ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 65 (Brit, (jfuiana).

Above dark green ; head blaclc ; rump scarlet : beneath pale
yeUow ; throat and neck black ; thighs brown ; bill clearly ochra-
ceous ; culminal ridge, tip, line at base, and row of spots along
cutting-edge of upper mandible black : w hole length 12 inches,
wing 4-3, tail 4'7, bill from gape 2'7. Female similar, but throat
and neck brown.

Hab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.

Easily distinguished from P. humboldti by its smaller size and the
clear pale ochraceous colour of the middle part of the lower mandible.

c. 2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.

6. $ ad. sk. Fara, {B^alluce). Sclater Coll.

3. PTKKOGL088US. 147

n. 2 ad. sk. Paia {Layard). Sclater Coll.

(/. 2 ad. sk. i'ara. Gould Coll.

('. cj ad. ;/,</. 2 Lower Amazons. Goidd Coll.

ad. sk.

16. Pteroglossus viridis.

liaiuphastos viridis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 150 ; Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 717.

Pteroglossus viridis, Sw. Zool. III. ser. 1, iii. pi. IGO; Waffl. Si/st. Ac.
sp. (5 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 77 ; id. Mon. Rmnph. ed. 1, pi. 21,
et ed. 2, pi. 24 ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 94 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 326 ; Cas-
sin, Pr.Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 113; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 237; Sel. et
Sail). Nomencl. p. 100; Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 116; Salv. Ibis, 1886,
p. 65 (Brit. Guiana).

L'Aracari verd, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. pp. 41, 43, pis. 10, 17.

Khamphastos glaber, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 138.

Above dark green ; head black ; rump scarlet : beneath pale
yellow; throat and neck black; upper mandible orange-yellow,
wit!i a longitudinal black line ; lower mandible black, with a rod
basal line : whole length 12'5 inches, wing 4*7, tail -i'T, bill from
gape 3. Female similar, but whole head, throat, and neck chestnut-
brown.

Hah. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.

a,b. cf 2 ^^- St. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].

c. (j'ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Whitelij).

d, e. 2iid. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitekj).

f. cS&d.;g,h. 2 British Guiana (Wliitely). Gould Coll.

ad. sk.

t. cJad. sk. British Guiana. Sclater CoU.

k,l. c? 2 f'C^- '^l^- Bemorara. Gould CoU.

m. cJad. sk. Maroni K., '!ivixmv(,m \^Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. 2 id. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

o, p. 2 iid. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.

•t^. S 'I'd. .sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. (S ad. St. Lower Amazons. Pm"chased.

17. Pteroglossus didymus. (Plato VI.)
Pteroglossus didymus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 403.

Above dark green ; wings and tail blackish, with green edgings ;
rump scarlet ; head black : beneath pale lomon-yellow, with u slight
brownish wash on the middle of the beUy ; throat and sides of head
black : thighs brown : upper mandible straw-yellow, with a black
culmiiial band and black tip ; lower mandible black, with a narrow
yellowish border at the base : srhole length 14-5 inches, wing 4*6,
tail 5- 6, bill (from gape to tip) 3-3.

llab. Upper Amazonia.

l2

148 KHAMPHASTID^.

Similar to P. viridis, but distinguished by the black culminal
stripe and brown thighs.

a. c? ad. sk. Upper Amazous. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species. )

18. Pteroglossus beauharnaisi.

Pteroglossus beauharnaisi, Waffl. Isis, 1832, p. 280; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. iv. pi. 2 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. xxv. ; Pelz. Orn.

Bras. p. 238 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 267 (U. Amazonsj ; Cassiti, Pr.

Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 114; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 297 (E.

Peru) ; iid. Nomencl. p. l09 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 152 ; Berl.

J.f. 0. 1889, p. 312.
Pteroglossus ulocomus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 38, et 1834, p. 76 ;

id. Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 18.
Pteroglossus poeppigii, Wayl. Isis, 1832, p. 1230.
Pteroglossus lepidocephalus, Nitzsch, Pterylogr. p. 136 (1840).

Above dark green ; upper back and rump edged with crimson ;
head-feathers scaly, curled, shining black : beneath yellow ; throat-
feathers tipped with round black spots ; broad band across belly and
flanks scarlet ; breast more or less stained with scarlet ; thighs
green ; upper mandible blackish, with a broad culminal band of
brownish orange ; lower mandible white : whole length 17 inches,
wing 5*5, tail G"5, bill from gape 4. Female similar.

Hah. Upper Amazonia.

a. S ad. sk. Chamicuros, Upper Amazons Gould Coll.

{Bartlett).

b. Jad. sk. Upper xVmazons (i?a;-<fe«). Sclater Coll.

c. Ad.sk. Upper ^Vmazons (/>V/r^/eW). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. e. Ad. ; /. Jr. Upper Amazons [Hauxwell). Gould Coll.
sk.

ff. Jr. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.

h. Ad. St. Upper Amazons. Purchased.

4. SELENIDERA.

lype.
Selenidera, Gould, Icon. Av. pt. 1, text to pi. 7 (1837) . . .S. gouldi.

Piperivorus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 4 (1854) S. piperivora.

Ilamphastoides, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 117 . S. spectabilis.

In Selenidera, a group closely allied to Pteroglossus, but weaker
in form, the sexes are always markedly different. The species,
which present a great similarity in the general coloration of their
plumage, are readily distinguishable by the singular patterns of
the markings on their bills.

One species only of Selenidera is met with north of Panama ; the
other six are restricted to the forests of Guiana, Amazonia, and
S.E. Brazil.

4. SELENTDEEA. 149

Key to the Species.

A. Tail-oiid rufous ; body beneath black in the

male.

a. Cap of male black, of female chestnut ;

nuchal band yellow in both sexes.
a' . Rill pale, whitish :

/'upper mandible with ti-ansverse

3 bars 1. inaculirosfris, p. 149.

1 upper mandible with a large black

(^ blotch 2. f/ouldi, p. 150.

h'. Bill wholly dark .3. hrngsdorffi, p. 1.50.

(■'. Bill more or less reddish :

1 without black transverse bars .... 4. reimuardti, p. 151,

I with black transverse bars 5. nattereri, p. 151.

b. Cap black in both sexes ; nuchal band of

male orange, of female chestnut 6. piperivora, p. 152.

B. Tail uniform ; body beneath black in both

sexes 7. spectabilis, p. 153.

1. Selenidera maculirostris.

Pteroglossus maculirosti-is, Licht. Douhl. p. 7 ; Max. Beitr. iv.

p. 290 ; Wciffl. Syst. Av. sp. 9 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 18.34, p. 78 ; id.

Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 24; Sturm, 3Ion. Hamph. pt. i. pi. 7.
Ramphastos maculatus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii. Suppl. (cum fig.) ; Jard.

et Selb. III. Orn. i. pi. 26.
Selenidera maculirostris, J5p. Consp. i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, pi. 31 ; Sd. Cat. A. B. p. 327 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil.

1867, p. 115 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 238 ; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 279

(S. Brazil) ; Sd. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1874,

p. 228 _(S. Brazil).
L'Aracari Koulik clu Br^sil, Levaill. Ois. dePar. ii. p. .39, pi. 15 (c?).
L'Aracari, Koulik du Perou, Levaill. Prom, et Guep. Suppl. p. 41,

fig, A A (2).
Pteroglossus maculatus, Jard. et Selby III. Orn. i. pi. 26.

Above dark green ; cap black, bordered by a pale yeUow band
on the nape ; tail-end chestnut ; broad postocular stripe orange :
beneath from chin to middle of belly black ; lower belly greenish :
flanks orange ; thighs brown ; crissum scarlet : bill milky white,
with several broad transverse blotches on the upper mandible :
whole length 13 inches, wing 5-2, tail 4*5, biU from gape 2*5.
Female similar, but cap and body beneath chestnut instead of
black.

Hah. South-eastern Brazil.

a. S ad. St. S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll.

h. S ad. St. S.E. Brazil. Lt. ^Nlaw, R.N. [P.].

c,d. ($ ad. ; e,/. Novo Friboxu'go, Rio (F'o2<^7.s). Salvin-Godman Coll.

$ ad.sk.

</)/'• <S $ ad. sk. Sao Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i, k.S2 a(l- sk- S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

I, m. (S 2 ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.

n, o. S ad. ; p. S S.E. Brazil. Gould Coll.

jr. ; q-s. 2

ad. sk.

150 RH.VMPHASTID^.

2. Selenidera gouldi.

Pteroglossus gouldii, Natt. MS. ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 44 ; id.
Icon. Av. pt. i. pi. 7 ; Sturm, Mmi. Ramph. pt. i. pi. 8.

Selenidera gouldii, -S/j. Consp. i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2,
pi. 32; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 327; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867,
p. 116 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 238 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 586
(Para) ; iid. Nomencl. p. 109 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 393 (Para) ;
Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p, 156.

Above dark green ; cap black, bordered by a pale yeUow nuchal
band ; tail-end chestnut ; broad postocular stripe orange, tipped
with yellow : beneath, from chin to middle of belly, black ; lower
belly greenish ; flanks orange ; thighs chestnut ; crissum scarlet ;
bill milky white, with a largo black blotch occupying the basal
half of the upper mandible : whole length 13 inches, wing 5-2,
tail 4*5, bill from gape 2-5. Female similar, but black on head
and body ; beneath replaced by bright rufous.

Hah. Lower Amazonia.

This species is a close ally of 8. inacuUrostris, but at once
distinguishable by the large black blotch which occupies the basal
portion of the upper mandible.

a. (S ad. St. Lower Amazons. Zool. Soc. Coll.

b. (S ad. sk. Para (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

e. cJ ad.sk. Fara. (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. (S ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

e,f. S 2 ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Gould Coll.

g. 2 ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Sclater Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Purchased.

3. Selenidera langsdorffi.

Pteroglossus langsdoi-ffi, fVayl. Syst. Av. sp. 12 ; Gould, Mon.

Pamjjh. ed. 1, pi. 28; id. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 157; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. ii. pi. 6.
Selenidera langsdorffi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, pi. 33 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 267 (U. Amazons) ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 195 (Ucayali), et 1873, p. 298 (E. Peru) ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 109 : Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 116 ; Tacz.

Orn. Per. iii. p. 154; Berl. J.f. O. 1889, p. 312.

Above dark green ; top of head black, bordered by a pale yellow
nuchal collar ; tail-end chestnut ; sides of head behind eyes
yellow : beneath from chin to middle of belly black ; flanks
orange ; lower belly greenish ; thighs chestnut ; crissum scarlet ;
biU black; base of upper mandible greenish: whole length 13
inches, wing 5-2, tail 4-5, bill from gape 2*7. Female similar, but
black of head and body beneath replaced by chestnut-red.

ITab. Upper Amazonia.

The nearly uniform bill distinguishes this species.

a. (f ad. St. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased.

4. SKr.ENinERA.

lol

h.

(^ ad. sk.

Chamipuros, Upper Amazon.s
(Bart/ett).

Gould Coll.

c.

S ad. sk.

Chamiciiros, Upper Amazons
{Bartlett).

Sclater Coll.

'I,

p- (S 2 ^^- '^^■

Epra, Upper Amazons (Bates).

Salvin-(iodman Coll,

/.

2 ad. sk.

Peruvian Xmnzona ( fin rtHf).

Gould Coll.

•?'

/*. d 2 ad. sk.

E. Peru.

Gould Coll.

t.

2 ad. sk.

Upper Amazons.

Purcha.sed.

4. Selenidera reinwardti.

Pteroglossus reinwardtii, lf^(u/L Syst. Ai: sp. 11 ; Gould, P. Z. S.

18-35, p. 157; id. Mon. liampk. ed. 1, pi. 26; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. i. pi. 10.
Selenidera roimvardtii, Bp. C'oii-sp. i. p. 95 ; Goidd, Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, pi. :35; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 75 (Ecuador); id. Cat.

A. B. p. 327 ; Cassin, Pi: Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 116; Scl. et Sale.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 753, et 1873, p. 298 (E. Peru) ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 109; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 548 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 45

(X.E. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 153.

Above dark green ; head and nape black, bordered bj' a pale
yellow nuchal collar ; postocular stripe orange ; tail-end chest-
nut : beneath black ; middle of belly greenish ; flanks orange ;
thighs chestnut ; crissum scarlet ; bill reddish, culminal ridge and
tip blackish : whole length 13 inches, wing 5, tail 4*5, bill from
gape 2-7. Female similar, but black of head and body beneath
replaced by chestnut.

Hah. Upper Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador,

The reddish bill without black transverse markings is the chief
character of this species.

a. Ad. st.
h. (S ad. sk.

c,d. S2 ad. sk.
e, f. 6 2 ad. sk.
_V, /*. S 2 ad. sk.
/. S ad. sk.

E. Peru.

Chayavetas, E. Peru {Bart-
lett).
E. Peru.
Upper Amazons.
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
Rio Xapo.

Pm-chased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

5. Selenidera nattereri.

I'toroglossus nattereri, (lonhl, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 157 ; id. Mtm.

Ritmph. ''d. 1 , pi. 25 : Sturm. JIoi). Ramph. pt. i. pi. 9.
Selenidera nattereri, Bp. C'on.sp. i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mutt. Ramph. ed. 2,

pi. 34 ; Pelz. Orn. Bra-^. p. 238 ; Ca^.un, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867.

p. 117; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 586 (Rio Negro); iid.

Nomencl. p. 109 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 66 (Brit. Guiana).

Above green ; head and nape black, bordered beneath by a
narrow nuchal collar of pale yellow ; tail-end chestnut ; postocular
stripe yellow : beneath, down to middle of belly, black ; lower belly
greenish : flanks orange ; thighs chestnut : crissum scarlet : bill
reddish : blotch at base and numerous transverse stripes black :

152

RHAMPHASTTD^.

whole length 12-5 inches, wing 5, tail 4-5, bill from gape 2-3.
Female similar, but head and body beneath chestnut instead of
black.

Hah. British Guiana and Lower Amazonia.

The markings on the bill distinguish this species from S. rein-
wardti.

a. 2 ad. st.
h,c. c? $ ad. sk.

d. (S ad. sk.

e. S ad. sk.

Lower Amazons.
Brit. Guiana {Schomhurgk).
Oyapok, Cayenne.
Oyapok, Cayenne.

Purchased.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

6. Selenidera piperivora.

Ramphastos piperivorus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 150 ; 6'wi. S. N. 1. p. 353 ;

Lath. Lid, Orn. i. p. 138.
Pteroglossus culik, War/l. Si/st. Av. sp. 10 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1884,

p. 78; id. 3Ion. Ramph. ed. l,pl. 27.
Pteroglossus piperivorus, Sturm, Mem. Ramph. pt. iv. pi. 5.
Selenidera piperivora, Bj). Cons]). i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mon. Ltamph.

ed. 2, pi. 36 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. ]>. 327 ; C'assin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil.

1867, p. 117; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 239; Sd. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 109 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 66 (Brit. Guiana).
Toucan a collier de Cayenne, Daub. Pi. Enl. 577 ( <S ).
Toucan a ventre gris de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 729 ( $ ).
L'Aracari Koulik, Levaill. Ois. de Par. pp. 35,37, pis. 13, 14.

Above dark green : cap and nape black, bordered by a yellow
nuchal baud ; tail-end chestnut ; stripe behind eye yellow : beneath
from chin to middle of belly black ; lower belly and flanks green
washed with yellow ; thighs chestnut ; crissum scarlet ; bill mostly
black with a reddish base, which is more or less varied by trans-
verse black markings on the upper mandible : whole length 13
inches, wing 4-8, tail 4*2, bill from gape 3. Female similar, but
black of cap bordered by a broad nuchal collar of dark chestnut,
and body beneath grejish green instead of black.

Ilab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.

a. 2 ad. St.

British Guiana.

R. Geogr. Soc.

b. 5 ad. St.

South America.

Gould Coll.

c,d. S 2 ad.sk.

Bartica Grove, British Giuana

Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. e9 ad. sk.

( Whitely).
R. Atapurow, British Guiana

( Whitely).
Camacusa, British Guiana

Salvin-Godman Coll

f. 2 ad. sk.

Salvin-Godman Coll

ff. 2 ad. sk.

{Whitely).
Demerara.

Salvin-Godman Coll

/(. c? ad. sk.

Demerara.

Gould CoU.

i, k. S 2 ad. sk.
l,7n. d 2 ad.sk.

Cayenne.

R. Amazons (?).

Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll,

5. AFLACOKnAMrnrs. lo3

7. Selenidera spectabilis.

Selenidera spectabilis, Casshi, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18o7, p. 214, et
1807, p. 117 ; id. Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. iv. ser. 2, p. 1, pi. 1 ; Laicr.
Ann. Li/c. N. Y. vii. p. 474 (Colombia), et ix. p. 129 (Costa
Rica) ; Set. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 300 (Panama) : iid. Nomencl.
p. 109; Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 157, et 1870, p. 211 (Verafrua);
td. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 323 (Nicaragua) ; Franfz. J.f. O. 1809,
p. 362 (Costa Rica) ; Bone. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 (Costa Rica).

Above green, tail greyish ; head and nape black ; large post-
ocular stripe lemon-yellow : beneath from chin to middle of belly
black ; flanks orange ; thighs dark chestnut ; crissum scarlet ;
bill divided by a line from the nostrds running into the com-
missure towards the apex : colour beneath this line horny grey,
above it greenish : whole length 14 inches, wing 5-5, tail 5'5, bill
from gape 3"5. Female similar, but head dark chestnut, and without
any yellow postocular stripe : body beneath black, as in the male.

/lah. Nicaragua, Costa llica, and Yeragua.

a,h. (^ 2 ^d. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman CoU.

c. (S ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).

d,e. S 2 ad. sk. Cordillera de Tol6 {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

.f^y- 6 2 ad. sk. Veragua (Arc6). Sclater Coll.

h. (S ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. k. (S 2 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Gould Coll.

5. AULACORHAMPHUS.

Type.

Aulacorhvnchus, Gould, P. Z. S. 18:54, p. 147 A. sulcatus.

Aulaeoraiuphus, G. R. Gray, Lixt Gen. B. p. oO

(1840) A. sulcatus.

llamplioxauthus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zi/;/. p. 4 (1854) . . A. albivittatus.

The bright green Toucans which form the genus Avlacorhamphu.'s
are at once recognizable by theu- uniform style of plumage, wliich
imitates that of the forest-leaves. They are rather numerous in
species and are widely distributed in the Neotropical Region, two
of them being met with in Mexico, and others taking their places
throughout Central and Southern America into the south of
Amazonia, but not extending to the forests of S.E. Brazil.

The sexes in this genus are coloured alike.

Key to the Species.

A . Throat white or whitish.
a. Tail uniform gi"een.
a'. Tip iif bill obscure:

\ lower mandible bbck at ba.«e 1. sulcatus, p. 154.

\ lower mandible red at base 2. erythrognathus, p. 154.

//. Tip of bill bright vellow 3. ca/urhynchus, p. 155.

154 EHAMPHASriD.?:.

b. Tail tipped with chestnut.
c'. Rump uniform.
a". Crissum green :

culmen black 4. derbianiis, p. 155.

culmen red 5. whitelyanus, p. 156.

b" . Crissum rufous.
a'". Basal band of bill yellow :

( baseof upper mandible partly

< yellow 6. prasinus, p. 156.

( base of upper mandible black. 7. wagleri, p. 157.

b'". Basal band of bill white 8. albivittatus, p. 157.

d'. Rump scarlet ; crissimi green :

j bill red with a white basal band . 9. hte^natopygius, p. 158.
I bill g-rey with a white tip 10. cceruleicinctus, p. 159.

B. Throat blue : crissum chestnut :

\ upper mandible mostly yellow 11. ceerideigulafis, p. 159.

i upper mandible black with yellow tip. 12. cyanolcpmus, p. 160.

C. Throat black ; crissum chestnut :

I bill longer 13. atrogularis, p. 160.

I bill shorter 14. dimidiatus, p. 100.

1. Aulacorhamphus sulcatus.

Pteroglossus sulcatus, Sio. Quart. Journ. of Set. ix. p. 207 ; id. Zool.

III. ser. 1, i. pi. 44; JFagl. Stjst. Av. sp. 8; Temm. PL Col. 356;

Guuld, Mon. Hampli. ed. 1, pi. 31 ; id. P. Z. S. 1834, p. 79 ; Sturm,

Man. Eamph. pt. iv. pi. 6.
Aulacoramphus sulcatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 95 ; Gould, Mon. Mamph.

ed. 2, pi. 42 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 328 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868,

pp. 169, 629 (Venezuela); iid. Noniencl. p. 109; Cassin, Pr. Ac,

Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 118.

Above uniform green ; eye-region blue : beneath brighter ; throat
greyish white ; tip of tail bluish ; bill, much sulcated on both
mandibles, black ; basal portion of upper maudible red : whole
length 14 inches, wing 5, tail 4-8, bill 3. Female similar.

Hab. Venezuela.

Purchased.
Gould Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Mrs. Fletcher [P.].

2. Aulacorhamphus erythrognathus. (Plate VII,)

Aulacorhamphus ei'ythrognathus, Gould, Ann. N. H. ser. 4, xiv.
p. 184 (Venezuela).

Above uniform green ; eye-region blue : beneath brighter ;
throat greyish white ; tip of tail slightly bluish : bill sulcated,
horn-colour; base of lower mandible and of lower poition of upper
mandible bright red : whole length 12 inches, wing 4-5, tail 4*3,
bill from gape 2-5.

a. Ad. st

Bogota.

b. S ad. sk.

San Esteban, Venezuela

{Goering).

c. Ad. sk.

Venezuela ( Goering).

d, e. Ad. sk.

Venezuela.

f-h. Ad. sk.

Venezuela.

i. Ad. sk.

Venezuela.

O. AriAOOEnAMPHUS.

155

Hah. Venezuela.

Similar to A. sulcatus, but apparently smaller, and distinguished
by the bright red base of the bill.

rt. Ad. sk. Venezuela.

b. cf ad. sk. Caripe, Venezuela ( Goering).

Gould Coll.

(Type of the species.)

8alvin-Godmaa Coll.

3. Aulacorhamphus calorhynchus. (Plate VIII.)

Aulacorhamphus calorhynchus, Gould, Ann. N. H. ser. 4, xiv.
p. 183 (Merida) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 235, 236 (Vene-
zuela) ; Sail}, et Godm. Ibis, 1870, p. 206 (Colombia).

Above green ; eye-region blue : beneath brighter ; throat bluish
grey ; bill black, culminal portion of upper mandible and tip of
lower mandible clear yellow ; narrow line at the base of both
mandibles white: whole length 14 inches, wing 5, tail -i'S, bill
from gape '2-S.

Hub. Andes of Venezuela and Northern Colombia.

The strongly coloured bill distinguishes this species from the
two former.

a. S <id. ; b.

ad. sk.
c. cJ 'id. sk.

Merida, "S'^euezuela ( Goerimj).

Chinchicua, Santa Marta
{Simons),

Gould Coll.
(Types of the specie.?.)
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

4. Aulacorhamphus derhianus.

Aulacorhynchus derhianus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 40.
Ptei'oglossus derhianus, Gould, Mon. Itamph. ed. 1, pi. 32 ; Sturm,

Mon. Rainph. pt. ii. pi. 0.
Aulucoramphus derhianus, Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 06 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, jil. 43; Scl. Cat. A. Z?. p. 328; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil.

1867, p. 118; ,SW. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 100; iid. P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 634 (Bolivia) ; Perl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 116 (Ecuador) ;

Tacz. Oni. Per. iii. p. 1.58 ; Perl. J.f. O. 1880, p. 313.

Above green ; eye-region and nape washed with blue ; tips of
two middle tail-feathers chestnut : beneath brighter ; throat greyish
wlute ; bill blackish ; base of both mandibles and tip of upi)er
mandible more or less bright red : whole length l.'i inches, wing .j,
tail 4-8, bill from gape 3. Female similar.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador.

rt, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buchle;/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

V. Ad.sk. Tilotilo, IJolivia (/;«(/,7(y). Selater Coll.

d. Ad.sk. Naira])i, Bolivia (/>Vr/,7f;/j. Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sli. .linia, Iv-uador (Jtitcklc;/). Salviu-Godiuau Coll.
/. Ad.sk. Archidona, Ecuador (.7«wj<'S'j?i). Selater Coll.

l-")fi EHAilPHASTIH.T..

5. Aulacorhamphns whitelyanus. (Plate IX.)

Pteroglossus siilcatus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 721 (?).
Aulacorhampbus ■whitelyanus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1 882, p. 83 ; Salv.
Ibis, 1886, p. 66 (Brit Guiana).

Above green ; eye-region bluish ; tips of two middle rectrices
chestnut : beneath brighter green ; throat -whitish ; bill blackish ;
greater part of ciilmen, tip, and base of lower mandible red : whole
length 12 inches, wing -I'S, tail 4--1, bill from gape 2-5.

Hah. Eoraima district of British Guiana.

Similar to A. derhianus, but rather smaller and distinguished by
its red culmen, and the absence of the bluish nuchal patch.

a. (S ad. ; b, Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll. .

c. 5 ad. sk. (TVhifely).

d. (S ad.sk. Eoraima (XrMf/(/). Sclater Coll.

e. cj ad. sk. Merume Mts. ( JMiltely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of the species.)

6. Aulacorhamphns prasinus.

Pteroglossus prasinus, Licht. in Mn.s. Berol. ; Gould, P. Z. <S. 1834,

p. 78; id. Mon. Ramph. ed. 1, pi. 29; Sturm, Mon. Mamph.

pt. i. pi 6.
Aulacoramphus prasinus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 06 ; Gould, Mon. Ramph.

ed. 2, pi. 47 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 308, et 1859, p. 368 (Mexico) ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 328 ; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 135 ; iid. P. Z. S.

1870, p. 837 (Honduras) ; iid. Nomenel. p. 109 ; Cassin. Pr. Ac. Sc.

Phil. 1867, p. 120; Ridgw. P. U. S.N.M. ix. p. 163 (Mexico).

Above green ; tail tinged with bluish, and aU the tail-feathers
broadly tipped with dark chestnut : beneath brighter ; flanks slightly
yellowish ; throat wliite ; crissum chestnut : upper mandible clear
yellow ; blotch at the base of the culmen and narrow line along the
commissure black or brownish black ; lower mandible black : whole
length 14 inches, wing 5-2, tail 5-2, bill from gape 3. Female
similar.

Hah. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.

«. J ad. ; b. Cofre de Perote, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godman CoU.

jr. sk. Mexico.

c-e. cJ ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico. Salvin-Godman CoU.

/, ff. S ji'- • Coatepec, Vera Cruz {Ferrari- Salvin-Godman Coll.

/;. 2 ji'- sk. Perez),

i. 5jr.sk. Huatu.'^co, Vera Cruz (i^crran- Salvin-Godman Coll.

Perez),
k, I. d 2 ^^- ^k- Orizaba, Vera Cruz {Ferrari- Salvin-Godman Coll.

Perez),
m, n. S ad. ; Tonaguia, Oaxaca {Trnjillo'). Salvin-Godman CoU.

o. 5 ad. sk.
p. 5 ad. sk. British Honduras {Blaiica- Salvin-Godman Coll.

neati.v).
q, r. Ad. st. Mexico. I'm'chased.

s. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico. Gould CoU.

t. Ad.sk, .Talapa, Mexico (^/f Oc«). Salvin-Godman Coll.

5. AULACORHAMPHUS. 157

ti, V. Ad. sk. Mexico. Gould Coll.

w. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

.V. Ad. sk. British Houdunis {JSlaitca- Siilvin-Godiuan Coll.

neaux) .

!/. 5 ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salviu-Godmau Coll.

z. Ad. sk. Rasche, Guatemala {Salciii). Salviu-Godman Coll.

a', b'. 2 ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godmau Coll.

{Salvin).

c'. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Tweeddale Coll.

(Saluin).

d'. (^ ad. sk. Calderas, Guatemala {Salvin). Salviu-Godman Coll.

c',f. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould CoU.

<j' . Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

7. Aulacorhamphus wagleri.

Pteroglossus wagleri, Sturm, Moti. Ramph. pt. ii. pi. 7.
Aulacorhamphus wagleri, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. xlviii. ;

Cassia, Fr. Ac. -S'c. Phil. 1867, p. li'O ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 388

(S. Mexico ) ; tScl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 109.
Pteroglossus ])avouinus. Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 1.58; id. Mon. Ramph.

ed. 1, pi. 30 (err.) ; Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 507 ?
Aulacorhamphus pavoninus, Salv. et Gudm. Ibis, 1889, p. J40

(Mexico).

Similar to A. prasinus, but base of upper mandible whoUy black.
Hah. Western Mexico.

a. S ad. sk. Sacatepec, Mexico (Boucard). Gould CoU.

b. 2 ad. sk. Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Mrs. R. H. Smith).

8. Aulacorhamphus albivittatus.

Pteroglossus albivitta, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 70 ; Sturm, Mon.

Ramph. pt. ii. text to pi. 8.
Pteroglossus microrhvuchus, Sturm, Mon. Ramph. pt. ii. pi. 8.
Aulacoramphus albivitta, Bp. Comp. i. p. 96 ; Gould, Man.

Ramph. ed. 2, pi. 49 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 161 ; Sci. et Suh.

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 782 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 537 (Antioquia) ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 109; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 380 (Colombia); Salv. et

Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 206 (Colombia) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1884, p. 319

(Bucaramanga) .
Aulacorhamphus albivittatus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 75 (Ecuador) ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 328 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 120.
Aulacorhamphus phpeoljemus, Gould, Ann. N. H. ser. 4, xiv. p. 184

(Colombia and Venezuela).

Above green ; eye-region bluish ; tail tinged with blue, all the
rectriccs more or less broadly tipped with chestnut : beneath brighter
green ; throat greyish white ; crissum chestnut ; bill black, culmen
yellow, distinct line along the base of both mandibles white : whole
length 13 inches, wing o, tail 5, bill 3. Female .similar.

Hah. Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

The distinct white line at the base of the bill renders this Toucan
easily distinguishable among the green-rumped species.

158 RHAMPHASTID^.

a. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.

h,c. S 9- ad.sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. cS ad. sk. Merida, ^'enezuela (Goerinf/). Sclater Coll.

e. (5' ad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Venezuela Gould Coll.

{Gnering) . (Type of A. phceolcem^i^^

f. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

g. h. (S 2 ad. sk. Chinchichua, Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Simons).

i. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. {Simons). Sclater Coll.

k-o. Ad. sk. ; p. Bogota. Gould Coll.

jr. sk.

q. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

r, s. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

t. cj ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Gould Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

V. Ad. sk. Envigado, Autioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

ID, X. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Gould Coll.

y, z. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

a'. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.

b'. Ad. sk. S. America. Gould Coll.

9. Aulacorhamphus hsematopygius.

Pteroglossus hsematopygus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 147 ; id. Mon.

Ram2)h. ed. 1, pi. 33 ; Sturm, Mon. Ramph. pt. ii. pi. 10.
AulacorampKus hiematopygius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 96 ; Gould, Mon.

Bamph. ed. 2, pi. 45 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 146 (Ecuador) ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 328 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 119 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 109 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 537 (Antioquia) ;

Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 308 (W. Ecuador) ; Tacz. Orn.

Pir. iii. p. 161.
Aulacorbamphus sex-uotatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 219.
Pteroglossus (Aulacorbamphus) castaneorhynchus, Gould, Ann. N.

H. vol. ix. p. 238 (1842).
Aulacorbamphus castaneorhynchus, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2,

pi. 44; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc.'Phil. 1867, p. 119.

Above green ; superciliaries and patch beneath the eye slightly
bluish ; rump-band crimson ; tail tinged with blue, four middle
rectrices broadly tipped with chestnut : beneath brighter green,
sometimes bluish on the chest ; bill red, stained with blackish, and
with a distinct white basal band : whole length (large specimen) 15
inches, wing 5'5, tail 6, bill from gape -I'S ; (small specimen) 13
inches, wing 4*5, tail 5, bill from gape 2'5. Female similar.

Jtfab. Colombia and Ecuador.

There is an enormous difference in size between the larger and
smaller examples of this species, especially as regards the bill. But
I do not see how the so-called A. castaneorhynchus from Bogota
can be separated from A. ha'matopy(/iiis. Cassin was of the same
opinion (cf. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 119).

a. Ad. St.

Bogota.

Purchased.

b. Ad. ; c. Jr. sk.

Bogota.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk.

Bogota.

Sclater Coll.

f-i. Ad. ; k, I.

Bogota.

Gould Coll.

Jr. sk.

O. AULACOEHAMPnUS.

159

m. 2 ad. sk. Concordia, Ant. {Salmon).

n. Ad. .sk. Concordia, Ant. (Salmon).

o. Ad. sk. MeJelliu, Ant. [Siilmon).

p. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, lOcuador (Frast-r).

q. Ad. sk. Pallatauf^a, licuador (Fraser).

r. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador.

s-v. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador.

w. Ad. sk. Jinia, IxuaJor {Bticklai/).

.r. Ad.sk. Ecimduv [Bucklei/).

I/. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Uuck/ai/).

z, a'. Ad. sk. Peru.

//. Ad. sk. Peru (f).

Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclaier Cull.
Could Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-(todman Coll.
Salvin-(iodman Coll.
Salvin-Ciodman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll. (Typt!
of A. sex-notatns.)

10. Aulacorhamphus caeruleicinctus.

Aulacorhyuchns cseruluociuctus, d'Orh. Voy., Ois. p. 362, t. Ixvi.

fiy. -2.
Aulacoramphus cteruleicinctus, JBp. Consp. i. p. 9G; Gould, Mon.

llamph. ed. 2, pi. 46 ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18G7, p. 119 ; Scl.

et Salv. Nomcncl. p. 109 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186 (Peru), et

1879, p. QU (Bolivia) ; Tacz. Oni. Per. iii. p. lUO.
Pteroglossus lichtensteini, Sturm, Mon. Ramph. (plate).

Above green ; eye-region bluish ; rump-band crimson ; tips of
middle rectriccs chestnut : beneath bright green, with a bluish baud
across the breast ; throat white ; biU grey, with whitish tip : whole
length 16 inches, wing o-S, tail 5-5, bill from gape -l-o. Female
similar.

Hah. Bolivia and Southern Peru.

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, BoUvia [Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b,c. Ad.sk. Khapaguaia, Bohvia(i>'Mt7t-%). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Bohvia (?). Salviu-Godmau Coll.

('. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, S. Peru Salviu-Godman Coll

( Whitely).

f. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, S. Peru Sclater Coll.

( Whitely).

y-i. Ad. sk. S. Peru. Gould CoU.

11. Aulacorhamphus caBruleigularis.

Aulacorhamphus cieruleigularis, (rvuld, P. Z. S. 1853, p. 45 (\'era-
gua) ; id. Mon. liamph. ed. 2, pi. 51 ; Cab. J.f. 0. 18G2, p. 330
(Costa Rica) ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1867, p. 121 ; Sale. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 157, et 1870, p. 211 (Veragua); Frantz. J. f. 0. 18G9,
p. 362 (Costa llica); ScL et Salv. Nomencl. p. 110; Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 (Costa Rica).

Above green ; tail bluish, all the rectriccs tipped with chestnut :
beneath brighter ; throat blue ; crissum chestnut ; upper mandible
yellow, with a black culmiual patch and black stripe tdong tJic com-
missure ; lower mandible black ; a white basal line to both man-
dibles : whole length lU inches, wing 4-8, tail 4-4, bill from gape 6.
Female similar.

llab. Costa llica and Veray-ua.

160

BHAMPHASTIB^.

a. Ad. sk. San Jose, Costa Eica {Zele- Salvin-Godman Coll.

don).

b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica {Rogers). Sclater Coll.
c-g. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Gould CoU.
h, i. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmtol). Purchased.

k. 5 ad. sk. Calovevoi'a, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godmau Call.

/, m. c? 5 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

w. 2 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll.

0. Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p. Ad. sk. S. slope of Vole, of Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Arce).

(J. S ad. sk. Veragua {Arce). Purchased.

12. Aulacorhamphus cyanolaemus. (Plate X.)

Aulacorhamphos cyanolsemus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 24 ; Cassin,
Pr. Ac. So. Phil. 1867, p. 121 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 110.

Similar to A. cceruleigularis, but bill black, with yellow tip to
the upper mandible.

Hah. Western Ecuador.

a,i. d" 2 ad. sk. Loxa, Ecuador,
c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.

San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa-

gomez).
San Lucas, Ecuador ( Villa-
goniez).
f. Ad. sk. Ecuador.

Gould Coll. (Types

of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Gould Coll.

13. Aulacorhamphus atrogularis.

Pteroglossus atrogularis, Sturm, Mon. Ramph. (plate).
Aulacorhamphus atrogularis, Gould, Mon. Ramph. ed. 2, pi. .50;

Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1807, p. 121 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 110 ; Tacz. Orn. Pir. iii. p. 159.

Above green ; middle rectrices tipped with chestnut : beneath
brighter ; throat black ; crissum dark chestnut ; upper mandible
yeUow, with a black culminal patch and a black line along the com-
missure ; lower mandible black ; basal line to both mandibles white :
whole length 13 inches, wing 5, tail 5, bill from gape 2-8.

Hah. Western Peru.

a. Ad. sk.

Western Peru (?).

Gould Cull.

14. Aulacorhamphus dimidiatus.

Aulacorhamphus dimidiatus, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. ix. p. 93 (Vene-
zuela).

Similar to A. atrogularis, but bill much shorter, and black stripe
along the edge of the maxilla much broader.

Hah. Interior of Venezuela.

Only known from two specimens in the National Museum at
Washinjj-tou.

i

GALKVIADM. 161

Family GALBULID^E.

(By P. L. SCLATER.)

Tho Galbulidcc or Jacamars arc a small but well-deflued familj- of
SccDisores or Zygodactylous PicarUe, restricted to the Neotropical
Region, over the northern portion of which they are thinly distri-
buted, from Mexico to Southern Brazil. They do not occur in the
Antillean Subregion.

The Jacamars are readily separable from the three preceding
families (the Indicator idee, Capitonidip, and lihaitiphastid(f) by their
nude oil-gland and the presence of cajca in the intestines. Their
nearest allies are the Puff-birds (Bucconidce), from which they may
be distinguished by tho long pointed bill, angular genys, the presence
of an after-shaft on the feathers, and by having a gular branch to
the pectoral tract on the lower plumage.

Tho Galbulida' are naturally divisible into two groups, of one of
which Jacamerops is the sole known representative, while the five
other genera belong to the typical Galbuliiw. The six genera of
OalbulidtK may be diagnosed as follows : —

Subfam. I. GALBULIN^.-BiW sti-aight,
lengthened, compressed, sharp ; nostrils
rounded, naked, with a lew covering
bristles ; external rectrix either abnor-
mally small or absent.
A. Tail elongated, more or less graduated.

a. Middle rectrices much elongated .... 1. Urogalba, p. 102.
h. Middle rectrices slightly elongated . . 2. CtALBIJLa, p. 103.
15. Tail .--hort, squared.

c. External rectrix absent :

( hind toe present 3. Bbachygalba, p. 171.

\ hind toe absent 4. Jacamaralcyo.n",p.174.

d. External rectrix present 5. Galbalcybhynchus,

[p. 175.
Subfam. II. JACAMEROPINAH.—BiW in-
euvvt'd, widened at the base ; nostrils
with ail internal membrane ; outer rec-
trix of medium size, not quite half as
long as the central 0. Jacamkkoi'S, p. 170.

Little is yet known about the nesting-habits of this family, and
I have never seen a Jacamar's egg. But Mr. Kirk has recorded
that in Tobago G. rujicauda " builds in marl-banks like the Mot-
mot," and lays " pure white eggs, nearly circular " in shape ; and
Herr Eider states that Jacaimtrcdcijoii tridactyla " bores holes in

Vol. XIX. K

162 GALBULIDiE.

steep banks, no doubt for the purposes of nidification." Of Jaca-
merops Scbomburgk tells us the same stor}- ; but Mr. Bartlett was
informed b}' the Indians of Upper Amazouia that Jacamerops also
nests in stumps of trees. It is probable that the other members of
the group do not deviate from these practices.

In preparing this Catalogue I have followed very closely the
arrangement put forward in my ' Monograph ' of the group published
in 1882 *.

Subfamily I. GALBULIN^.

]. UROGALBA. ^^^

Urogalba, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 13 (18-j4) U. paradisea.

Urocex, Cab. et Ilein. Mtts. Hein. iv. p. 210 (18(53) .... U. paradisea.

Urogalba contains only the Paradise Jacamar of Guiana and its
Amazonian reiu'csontative, U. amazonuhi. It is easUy recognizable
by the great elongation of the central rectrices.

The sexes in Urogalba are coloured alike.

Keg to the Species.

A. Smaller : cap uniform dark brown 1. paradisea, p. 162.

B. Larger : cap whitj' brown 2. amazonum, p. 163.

1. Urogalba paradisea.

The Swallow-tailed Kingfisher, Edw. Nat. Hist. B. i. p. 10.

Galbula lougicauda, Briss. Ont. iv. p. 89.

Aleedo paradisea, Linn. S. N. i. p. 181 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 458.

Le Jacauiai" a longuu queue, Buff. Hist. Nat., Ois. vii. p. 222 ; id. IH.

Enl. 271 ; Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. Jae. p. o, t. 3; Levaill. Ois.

de Par. ii. p. 120, t. 52.
Galbula paradisea, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 24:5 ; Vieill. Enc. Meth.

p. 1325 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 83 ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian.

iii. p. 717 ; id. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 309 ; Gray,

List Fiss. B. M. p. 67 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 153 ; Cass. Cat. Hale.

]). 18 ; lieichenb. Handb. ]). 87 ; Sd. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 33 ; id.

Syn. Galb. p. 8 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 302 ; Pelz. Sitz. ^ik. Wien,

XX. pp. 504, 517; id. Orn. Bras. p. 24.
Paradise Jacamar, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 5.
Urogalba paradisea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 13 ; Sd. P. Z. S. 18o5,

p. 14 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207 ; id. Monoyr. Jae. and Puff-bds. p. 1, pi. i.

lig. 1 ; Sd. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 582 ; iid. Nomend. p. 105 ;

Sah: Ibis, 1886, p. 62 (Brit. Guiaua) ; Ti^. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1887,

p. 318 (Brit. Guiana).
Urocex paradisea, Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 217.

* 'A Monograph of the Jacamarsand Pufi'-birtls, or families Galbtdida: aud
Bucconidie' By P. L. Sclater. London : Porter, 1S82. 1 vol. 4to.

2. GALHTTLA. -.on

Purplish black; back, wings, and tail washed with bronzy
green; cap sides of the head, and chin brownish; t^ oat under
w:ng-coverts inner margins of wing-feathers, and flank wMte

trim ™ Sr /'t '-'"f ' \'-' ^^^^^^' -^"^" 3-5, taTl 6^;
i; 7 r^^^^ o- .^'""'^' similar, but rather smaUer.
JJah. Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

o'\/J*' p'^''™'- SclaterColl.

d ; !^S" . /• o ?it^''""'\r. ., . . , Salvin-Godman Coll.

'ad.tf-'^-^ (KL^J)"'''"*^^^''^"^"'^ Salvin-GodmanCoU.

^. $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Sah-iu-Godman CoU.

'•idit.^'- ES;£S"^-^^^-'^^^-)- ScWColl.

* Arl «1- R-T^ i. /?■• Purchased.

*. Ad.sk. Bntish Guiana. Sclater Coll.

m iltk ?p™fT- T, -w, Salvin-Godman CoU.

T" ^ ad l- P«™a'^tuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater CoU.

' A d i v""-"! '^° ■?'° ^'^-'■^ ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

« \d r Jq"itos,Peru. Sclater CoU.

p. Ad. St. S. Amenca. Pm^chased.

2. TJrogalba amazonum.

^'T 2\^^"'°2r'-fi^-^-'^- l^-^'^' P-14; /rf.^^«. A«^. ^^<.

Urogalba paradisea, <S'c^. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 262.

Urogalba paradisea amazonum, Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 119.

a. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater CoU. (Type

1, \A <,\r T - » , „, °f *^^ species.)

; Ji r JiPP'^'' ->"»^20"s ( ffW/ace). Sclater CoU.

c Ad. St Lpper Amazons. Gould CoU.

a. A.Q.. SK. iig-a Upper Amazons Salvin-Gochnau CoU.
{Bates).

2. GALBULA.

Galbula, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 85 (1760) G vin^"

Caucalias, Cad. et Hein. Mus. Hein. i v. p. 218 (1863) '. G. leucogastra.

Giaimla is the largest genus of the family, containing 10 species
of which b belong to the typical form, and 2 to the slightly aberrant
subgroup C «»«</*«*■. The tail in Galbula consists of lO" re-ularly
graduated central feathers, whilst the two external rectrices are very
small, and are scarcely visible bevoiid the under tail-coverts

Calhulaxs widely distributed over the Xeotropieal llegion, from
Noutheru :\rexico to Bolivia and S.E. Brazil. It is most ^numerous
in Amazonia, where 7 species arc met with.

164 RALBtTLID^.

Keij to the Species.

A. Belly dark rufous in both sexes (Galbula).

a. Bill black ; breast bronzy green.

a'. Throat white in male, rufous in female.

a". Outer rectrices blackish 1. viridis, p. 164.

b" . Outer rectrices rufous.

a'". With black tips 2. rufo-viridis, p. 165.

b'". Without black tips :

i chin white ' 3. ruficauda, p. 166.

] chin black 4. melanogenia, p. 166.

h' . Throat like breast bronzy green :

j outer rectrices rufous, with black tips . . 5. toynbacea, p. 167.
I outer rectrices uniform rufous 6. pastaza, p. 1G8.

b. Bill yellow ; breast rufous :

) cheeks green ; throat (in male) white) . . 7. albirostris, p. 168.
] cheeks blue ; throat rufous in both sexes . 8. cyaneicollis, p. 169.

B. Belly white in male, cinnamomeous in female
(^Cauccdias).

( Smaller : back and breast coppery 9. leucogastm, p. 170.

I Larger : back and breast purplish 10. chalcothorax, p.l71.

1. Galbula viridis.

The Jacamacu'i of Marcgrave, Edw. Glean. Xut. Hist. iii. p. 261,

pi. 334.
Alcedo galbula, Linn. S. N. i. p. 182 ; Gmel. S. N. i. p. 459.
Le .lacamar proprement dit, Buff. Hist. Nat., Ois. vii. p. 220 ; id. PI.

Enl. 238.
Galbula viridis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 244 ; Vieill. Enc. M6th. p. 1326 ;

Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 83 ; Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 66 ;

B2}. Consp. i. p. 152 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zy<j. p. 13 ; Cab. in Ersch u.

Grub. Enc. sect. 1, Iii. p. 308 ; Beichenb. Handb. p. 85 ; Scl. Contr.

Orn. 1852, p. 29 ; id. Syn. Galb. p. 2 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 13 ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 265 ; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 7, pi. ii. ; Cass.

Cat. Hale p. 17 ; Peh. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 516 ; id. Orn.

Bras. p. 24 ; Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 219 ; Scl. et Sale.

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 581 ; iid. Numencl. p. 104 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886,

p. 01 (Brit. Guiana).
Le Jacamar, Atul. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. Jac. t. 1 (c?) ; Levaill. Ois.

de Par. ii. pp. Ill, 112, tt. 47, 48.
Le Jacamar a gorge rousse. And. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. Jac. t. 2 ( $ J.
Galbula rubricoUis, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 224.
Green Jacamar, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 2.
Galbula viridicauda, Siv. An. in Menay. p. 327 ; Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 717; id. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, Iii. p. 308.
" Galbula quadricolor, T^err.," Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 13.

Above coppery green, cap more bluish ; wings blackish ; coverts
and edges of secondaries green like the back ; throat white ; pec-
toral band bright green ; belly and under wing-coverts chestnut ;
tail above bluish coppery green, beneath blackish ; bill black : whole
length 7"8 inches, wing 3, tail 3, bill from gape 1'9. Female
similar, but throat rufous and belly lighter chestnut.

Hab. Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, Lower Amazonia, and Venezuela.

2. GALRULA.

165

h. c? 2 ad. sk. l]iiti.«li Guiana.

c, d. (S ^ ad. sk.

e. c? ad. Bk.

f. <S ad. &k.
fl. S ad. sk.

h. d'ad.; i,k. J

ad. sk.
/. c? ad. St.

vi. .Tr. St.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Lower Amazons ( Wallace).

N. side of Lower .\mazons

( Wallace).
Peru (?).

S. America.

Sir R. Schomburffk

[C.]-
Sclater CoU.
Ridcom- Coll.
Salvin-Godnian Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Pm'chased. (Type
of G. quadricolor.)
Purchased.

2. Galbiila rufo-viridis.

Galbula viridis, Ma.v. Beitr. iv. p. 4;3n ; Bunn. Si/st. Ueh. ii. p. 290.
Galhula ruficauda, Su\ An. in Menaij. p. .327 ; Graii et Mitch. Gen.

B. i. p. 83 ; Gray, List Fiss. B. M'. p. ('.6 ; Reichenh. Handh. p. 86;

Bunn. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 300.
Galbula rufo-viridis. Cab. i7i Ersch u. Gntb. Enc. sect. 1, lii.

p. .'508 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 1.3 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 266 ; id. Monoffr.

Jac. and Pvff-bds. p. 11, pi. iii. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv,

p. 220: Scl. pt Sah. P. Z.S. 18(57, p. 581, 1879, p. 6.33; iid. No-

mcncl. p. 104 : Bein. Fxiglef. Brax. Cajnp. p. 122 ; Bei-l. J. f. O.

1884, p. .318 (Bucaramanfia).
Galbula maculicauda, iSW. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 29; id. Si/n. Galb.

p. 2 ; Coss. Cat. Hale. p. 17 ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ; Peh.

Sitz. Ah. Tf''ie)7, xx. p. 516 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 24.

Above coppery green ; wings blackisb, coverts and edges of second-
aries like the back : bcneatb, throat white ; pectoral band bright
green : belly and under wing-coverts chestnut ; middle tail-feathers
green, the lateral chestnut, second and third pairs tipped with greenish
broM'n ; bill black : whole length D inches, wing 3-2, tail 3-S, bill from
gape 2*1. Female similar, but throat pale rufous and belly paler.

Hah. S.E. Brazil and Bolivia.

a. S ad. sk.

b, e. (5 $ ad. sk.
d. cJad.; c,f. $

ad. sk.
,<7, h. S 2 f*d. sk.
i, A-. S 2 ad. .sk.

/. cT ad. St.
m. (S ad. sk.

n, 0. (5 2 ad. sk.
p,q. (^2 »d. sk.

r, .1. (^2 ad. sk.
t. S ad. sk.
«. (S ad. St.

Rio Tocantins, Amazonia ( Wal-
lace).
Pornambuco, Brazil {Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil ( Wncherer).

Bahia, Brazil.
Novo Fribourgo,

(Yonch).
S.E. Brazil.
S.E. Brazil.

Brazil

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.

Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil

(H. II. Smith\
Bolivia.
Bolivia.
Bolivia.

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
(Type of G. macidicauda.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].

166

GALBFLID.'E.

3. Galbula rnficauda.

Galbula viridis, var. ^, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 244.

Le Jacamar a queue rousse, Levaill. Ois. de. Par. ii. p. llo, t. 50.

Galbula rnficauda, Cni\ E'egne An. i. p. 420 ; Cah. in Ersch u. Gruh.

Enc. sect. 1, Hi. p. 308; Sd. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 30; id. Syn.

Galb. p. 3 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 13, 136 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 266 ;

■id. Monogr. Jac. and Piiff-hds. p. 15, pi. iv. ; Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 1 7 ;

Pp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ; Pek. iSitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 516 ; id.

Orn. Bras. p. 24 ; Cah. et Hein. Mtts. Hein. iv. p. 222 ; Liot.

Ois. Trin. p. 116; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168, 1879, p. 535:

iid. Nomencl. p. 104 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 61 (Brit. Guiana).
Galbula macrom-a, VieiU. E7ic. 3Ietk. p. 1326 ; id. Gal. Ois. i. pt. 2,

p. 12, t. 29 ; Grag, ListFiss. B. M. p. 66 ; Beichenh. Handb. p. 86 ;

Burm. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 300.
liufous-tailed Jacamar, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 4.
Galbula leptura, Sia. An. in 3fenag. p. 327 ; Jard. An7i. Nat. Hist.

six. p. 80 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 83 : Cab. in Schomb.

Guian. iii. p. 717 : G)-ay, List Fiss. B. M. p. 66 : Bp. Consp. i.

p. 152.

Above golden green ; wings blackish, coverts and edges of second-
aries like the back ; throat and chin white : breast-band green ;
belly and under wing-coverts chestnut ; tail chestnut, except two
middle rectrices like the back ; bill black : whole length 10 inches,
wing 3-3, tail 4-G, bill from gape 2-8. Female similar, but throat
pale rufous and belly paler chestnut.

Hab. Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, and Guiana.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Sclater Coll.

a. § ad. sk. Eemedios, Antioquia, U. S. C.

{Salmon).

b. (S ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C.

{Sahnon).

c. $ ad. sk. Valle Dupar, S. Marta, U. S. C.

[Simons).

d. 2 ad. sk. Santa Marta {Simons).

e. c? ad. sk. Bogota.

f. 2 ad. sk. Bogota.

g. cJad.sk. Carupano, Venezuela (^op?v«(/). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 2 ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h ^- cJ 2 ad. sk. Trinidad. ■ • Sclater Coll.

I, vi. c? 2 ad. sk. Tobago {Kirk). Sclater Coll.

n. cS ad. sk. Guiana {B)-omi). Sclater Coll.

o,p. cj 2 ad. st. S. America. Gould Coll.

4. Galbula melanogenia.

Galbula melanogenia, <S'eZ. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 61, pi. 90; id. Syn.
Galb. p. 3 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 13, 1856, p. 139, 1858, p. 357,

1859, p. 53 ; id. Cat. A. B. -p. 266 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Puf-
bds. p. 19, pi. V. ; Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 131, 1800, p. 40 ;
iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; iid. Nomvncl. p. 104; Taylor, Ibis,

1860, p. 116 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. iv. p. 221 ; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 151, et 1870, p. 201 ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 321; Frantz.
J.f. O. 1869, p. 311 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 572, et 1885,
pp. 68, 123 (Ecuador) ; Nutting, P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 401 (Costa
Plica), et vi. p. 407 (Nicaragua) ; Bidgio. P. U. S. N. M. x. p. 591
(Honduras).

1

2. GALBTTT,A. 167

Above golden green ; wings black, coverts and edges of second-
aries like the back : beneath, chin black, throat white ; breast-band
green, belly and under wing-coverts chestnut; tail with four
middle rectrices green, the rest chestnut ; bill black : whole length
9 inches, wing .'5-''5. tail 4, bill from gape 2-3. Female similar, hot
throat pale rufous, and belly rather lighter in colour.

Ifab. S. Mexico, Central America, and "Western Ecuador.

The black chin and the four green middle tail-feathers distinguish
this species from G. ruficauda.

a,h. S 2 fid. sk. Belize (Blancaneu.v). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c, d. cJ 2 ad. sk. Telemau, Vera Paz (Scilvin). Salvin-GoJman Coll.

e. S ad. sk. Sources of E. de la Pasion, Tweeddale Coll.

Vera Paz (Snlvin).

f. 2 ad. sk. Choctuni, Vera Paz {Sahiit). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Jr. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.

'h, i. 6 2 ad. sk. Vera Paz (Delattre). Sclater Coll. (Types

of the species.)
k, I. (^ 2 ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

m. (S ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras ( THiite- Salvin-Godman Coll.

n. S ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

o, p. 5 ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Kica Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Arce).

q. 5ad.sk. Angostura, CostaEica(Ca»-jw?o^. Salvin-Godman Coll.

r, s. (S ad. ; t. $ Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

ad. sk.

u,v. d" 2 ad. sk. Veragua {Arci). Sclater Coll.

w,.r. cJ $ ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador filling- Salvin-Godman Coll.
^coHh).

o. Galbula tombacea.

Galbula tombacea, Sjm-, Av. Bra", i. p. 55, t. 58 ; frrai/ et Mitch.

Gen. B. i. p. 83 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 152 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ;

Cab. in Ersch u. Grub. JSnc. sect. 1, lii. p. 308; Cwss. Cat. Hale.

p. 17 ; Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 30 ; id. Sipi. Galb. p. 4 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 13, 1857, p. 202; id. Cat. A. B. p. 2CG; id.

Monor/r. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 23, pi. vi. ; Beichenb. Ilandb.

p. 87 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Ares, p. 255 ; Burni. Si/st. Uvh. ii.

p. 301 ; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Ileiii. iv. p. 223 ; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S.

1866, p, 192, 1867, p. 978, 1873, pp. 186, 294 ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 105 ; Tac:. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 547 (C. Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii.

p. 115.
Galbula cyanescens, Dcville, Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 50; Cass. Cat. Hale.

p. 17; Reichenb. Handb. p. 87; Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. iv.

p. 223.
Galbula fuscicapilla, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 13, 1-36, pi. Ixxvii. ; Cab.

et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 223.

Above shining green, cap in some examples more or less fuscous ;
wings blackish, coverts and edges of secondaries like the back :
beneath, chin brownish, throat and breast shining green, belly
chestnut ; four central tail-feathers green, lateral tail-feathers
chestnut, first normal pair slightly tipped with blackish : whole

168 GALBTJLIDiE.

length 8-5 inches, wing 3, tail 3-5, bill from gape 1"8. Female
similar, but belly paler.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

a. Ad. st. Bogota. Purchased.

i, e. c? 5 S'd. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d, e. (S 2 ^■d. sk. Bogota. Salvlu-Godman Coll.

/. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

g, h. (S 2 ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Uauxwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i, k. ^ ad. sk. Rio Javari (JSafes). Sclater Coll.

/. c? ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Piu'chased.

m. S ad. sk. Nauta, E. Peru (Bartleit). Sclater Coll.

w. c? ad. sk. Nauta, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].

0, p. (S 2 ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru iWhitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

q. 5 ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.

r. (S ad.sk. E. Peru (J^arm). Sclater Coll.

s. ^ ad. sk. E. Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Galbula pastazse.
Galbula pastazse, Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 107 (Ecuador).

" Similar to Q. tombacea, but larger ; back green, not coppery ;
abdomen deep rufous, not ochraceous ; lateral rectrices wholly
cinnamomeous."

Hall. Eastern Ecuador.

I have not sufficient material to enable me to form an opinion on
this species. The single specimen received from the Warsaw
Museum, and marked " Galbula pastazce'' does not quite agree with
the characters assigned to the species.

(?) a. 2 jr. sk. Mapoto, Ecuador {Stohmann). Sclater Coll.

7. Galbula albirostris.

White-billed Jacamar, Lutli. Si/ti. Sujipl. i. p. 113; id. Gen. Hist.

iv. p. 6.
Galbula albirostris. Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 245 ; Grai/ et Mitch. Gen.

B. i. p. 83 ; Grai/, List Fiss. B. M. p. 67; Bp. Consp. i. p. 152 ; id.

Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ; Cah. in JErscJi ii. Grub. Fnc. sect. 1, Hi.

p. 308; Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 17; Rcichenh. Handb. p. 85; Scl.

Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 31 ; id. Syn. Galb. p. 5 ; id. 1>. Z. S. 1855,

p. 14 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 266 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Fitjf-hds.

p. 27, pi. vii. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 225 ; Scl. et Salv.

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 192, 1867, pp. 582, 751. 1873, p. 294 ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 105 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 43 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn.

Per. iii. p. 116; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 61 (Brit. Guiana); W. L.

Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 318 (Brit. Guiana).
Le Venetou, Atid. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. Jac. pp. 6, 7, tt. iv., v.
Le petit Jacamar ou Jac. a bee jaune, Leraill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 118,

t. 61.
Galbula flavirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xvi. p. 443 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1326 ; Sw. An. in Menag. p. 328 : Cab. in Sclw^nb. Guian. iii.

p. 717.

Z. GAI.BUI.A.

169

Galbiila chalcocephala, Deville, Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 55; Des Murs,
Zoul. Exp. lie Cudelimu, Ois. p. .'51, t. 9. iig. 2 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ah.
Wieti, XX. p. 517 ; id. Ora. Bras. p. 24 ; Cab. H llcin. Man. ILvin.
iv. p. 224; Taez. Orn. Per. iii. p. 117.

Above bronzy green ; cap coppery red ; wings and tail blackish,
coverts and edges of secondaries like the back : beneath dark
chestnut, chin rufous, broad band across the throat white ; tail
rufous with slight blacidsh tips to the external rectrices, two middle;
tail-t'eathers aljove like the back ; bill yellow, upper portion of upper
mandible black : whole length 7 inches, wing 2'7, tail 2-5, bill I'G.
Female similar, but without any white on the throat.

Hab. (juiana, Amazonia, and Eastern Ecuador.

a, b. cJ ad. st.
(■, d. S 2 a<l- sk-.

e, f. cS9- ad. ;

g. Jr. sk.
h. (S ad. sk.

i,k. 6 2 ad.sk.

/. (S ad. t^k.
m. 2 ad. St.
n. (S ad. sk.
o,p. (S 2 ad.sk.
q, r. (S 2 ad. sk.
.s. 2 ad. sk.
t, a. (^ 2 ad. sk.
V) w- d 2 ad. sk.

.r. (S ad. sk.
I/, z. (S 2 ad. sk.
a'. cJ jr. sk.
b'. S ad. St.
c'» d'. (^ 2 ad. sk.
e'. cJ jr. sk.

Demerara.

Bartica Grove, British Guiana

( Wliitely).
Merum(5 Mts., British Guiana

( Whitehj).
Rorairaa, British Guiana

( Mliitely).
British Guiana ( W. L. Scla-

ter).
Guiana (Broivn).
Barra, Rio Negro ( Wallace).
Guia, Rio Negro ( Wallace).
Guia, Rio Negro ( Wallace) .
Yqiutos, Peru ( Whitely).
Yquitos, Peru ( W/iitcli/).
Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely).
Chamicuros, E. Peru {Bart-

lett).
Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett).
Peruvian Amazons.
Peruvian Amazons.
Peruvian Amazons {Bates).
Rio Napo, Ecuador {Buckley).
Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Purchased,
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
A. R. Wallace [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Whitely [C.].
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould (.'oil.

8. Galbula cyaneicoUis.

Le Jacamar jeime iige, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 113, t. 49 (?).
(lalbula cyaneicollis, Cass. Proc. Ac. Sci. Philad. v. p. 154, t. 7 ; id.

Cat. Hale. p. 18 ; 8cl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 31 ; id. Syn. Galb. p. 6 ;

id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 14 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 2G7 ; id. Moiioyr. Jac.

and Puff-bds. p. al, pi. viii. ; Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wien, xx. p. 517;

*■<:•/. et kilr. P. Z. 6". 1807, p. -582 ; iid. Xumencl. p. 105.
Galbula cyauopogou, Cab. in Brsch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, Iii. p. 309;

Cab. et Jlein. AIus. Ilein. iv. p. 224.
Galbula albirostris, Jluvm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 301.
(ialbula cyauocepliala, Lieht. MS. {teste Cab. et Hein. Mas. Ilein.

iv. p. 225).

Above bronzy green ; cap and sides of the head blackish mLxed
with purple ; wings blackish, coverts and edges of secondaries like

170 GALBTTLTD,^.

the back : beneath dark chestnut, cheeks and sides of the neck
shining bluish green ; tail rufous, two middle rectrices like the
back, the others more or less edged with greenish ; bill yellow,
apical half of upper mandible black : whole length 7"8 inches, wing
3-1, tail .3-1, bill from gape 1-8. Female similar, but paler
beneath.

Hah. Lower Amazonia and E. Madeira.

Closely allied to G. albirostris, but recognizable by its blue
cheeks, and by the absence of the white throat-band in the male.

a, b. cJ ad. : r. Lower Amazons. A. R. Wallace [C.].

ad. St.

d. (S ad. sk. Para ( Wallace). Selater Coll.

e. cJ ad. sk. Capim E. ( H «?/«c#). Selater Coll.

9. Galbula leucogastra.

Le Jacamar a ventre blauc, Levaill. From, et Gitfp., Supjil. p. 46,

t. IL
Galbula leucogastra, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xvi. p. 444; id. Enc. Meth.

p. iy26 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 83 ; Graij, List Fiss. B. M.

p. 67 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 152 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyr/. p. 1.3 ; Cab,

tti Ersch u. Gvuh. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 309 ; Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 18 ;

Eeichenb. Handb. p. 87 ; Scl. Conir. Orn. 1852, p. 32 ; id. Syti.

Galb. p. 6 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 14 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 267 ; id.

Monogr. Jac. and Piiff-hds. p. 33, pi. ix. ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien,

XX. p. 517 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 24 : Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,

p. 582 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 105 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 62 (Brit.

Guiana).
Galbula albiventris, Cuv. E'egn. An. i. p. 448 (1829) ; Sic. An. in

Menag. p. 328 ; Gray et 3Iitch. Gen. B. i. p. 83, t. xxix. : Cab. in

Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 717.
Galbula senea, Temm. MS., teste Bp. Consp. i. p. 152.
Caucalias leucogaster, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. \\. p. 218.

Above golden green much mixed with coppery ; cap bluish ;
wings and tail blackish, coverts and edgings of secondaries like the
back : beneath, throat white, breast coppery green like the back,
Ijellv white ; tail above bluish green, beneath slaty : bill black :
whole length I'o inches, wing 2-9, tail 3-1, bill from gape 1"7.
Female similar, bub throat and belly pale ochraceous,

Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

a, b. (S ad. ; c. Merume Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad. sk. ( Whitely).

d. (S ad. sk. Cayenne. . Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. S ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.

/. 5 ad. sk. Guia, Upper Rio Negro ( Wed- Salvin-Godman CoU.

lace),

y, h. (S 2 "ad. sk. Rio Negro {Wallace). Selater Coll.

. Ad. St. Amazons. A. R. Wallace [C.].

7,-. Ad. St. Demerara. Purchased.

3. BRACHYGALBA. 171

10. Galbula chalcothorax.

Galbula chalcothorax, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 110, ISoo, p. 14; irl.

Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 37, pl. x. ; iicl. et Solo. Nomencl.

p. 10.-) ; Bartl. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 374 (E. Peru) ; Tacz. Orn. Per.

iii. p. 118.
Galbula leucogastra, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 61 (Rio Nape) ; .S'e/. et

Salo. P. Z. 6'. 18(i7, p. !»7S (Upper Amazonia) ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 548.
Caucalias chalcotliorax, Ca/>. cf ILi'n. Mus. Ilciit. iv. p. 218.

Similar to O. leiim/a.stra, but rather larger in size, and with the
back and breast deep bronzy purplish.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador and Amazonia.

a. cJ ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll.

/>. cJ ad. sk. Quixos, Ecuador (G-WW). Sclater Coll. (Type

of the species.)

e. c? "d. sk. Quixos, Ecuador (G-WW). Sahin-Godman Coll.

d, e. (S 2 ad. ; Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Jr. sk.

g. cJ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Ilau.vwell). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru {Bartlett)'. Sclater Coll.

3. BRACHYGALBA.

Type.

Brachygalba, Bp. C'onsp. Vol. Z;/f/. p. 13 (1854) B. albitrularis.

Brachycex, Cab. et Hciii. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 214 (1863) B. lugubris.

This little group has the general form of Galbula, but the birds
are of smaller size, the tail is shorter and square, and the outer
pair of rectrices (abnormally small in Galbula) is altogether absent.
The feet are weaker, and the first toe is small.

The six species of this genus are spread over Colombia, Guiaua,
and Amazonia.

Keif to the Species.

A. Bill black.

rt. Throat Ijrowu :

j belly white 1. hKjuhris, p. 171.

I belly fulvous 2. fillviveutris, p. 172.

h. Throat white :

I cap and breast-band brown 3. goeringi, p. 172.

I cap and breast-band greeu 4. salmoni, p. 173

B. Bill white :

I cheeks white like tiie throat 5. albigularis, p. 173.

) cheeks brown like the cap 6. melanoiiterna, p. 174.

1 . Brachygalba lugtibris.

Galbula lugubris, >Sw. An. in ^[e>M;/. p. 320 ; Grag et Mitch. Gen. B.

i. p. 83; Cub. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 718 ; id. in Ersch u. Grub.

Enc. sect. 1, Iii. p. 301).
.Tacnniaralcyou lugubris, Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 67; Reichenl>.

ILinilb. p. 84.
Galbula iuornata, Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 32; id. Sgn. Galb. p. 7 ;

I'eh. Sitz. Ak. irieit, xx. p. 518 ; id. Orn. Brus. p. 24.

172 GALBTTLID^.

Jaeamaralcyon inornata, Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 18.

Galbula chalcoptera, Reichenh. Handh. p. 84.

Braclijrralba inornata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 15 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 2G7 ; Sd. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 105 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 120.
" Galbula tristis, Natt. MS.," teste Peh. Sifz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 518.
Brachycex lugubris, Cab. et Hem. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 215.
Braclivg'alba lugubris, Scl. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. -jD, pi. xi.

(fig.'dextra) ; Sah. Jfjts,lS86, p. 62 (Brit. Guiana).

Above blackish brown, Avings and tail washed with bronzy
green : beneath similar, throat brownish ; middle of breast and
belly pure white ; crissum and flanks black ; blotch at the base of
the wing-feathers underneath white : bill black : whole length
7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2, bill from gape 1-8. Female similar.

JIah. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and Colombia.

a. 2 ad.sk. British Guiana. Sir E. Schomburgk[C.l.

b,c. S fid.; d. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. ( Whitely).

e,f. c? $ ad. sk. Merum^ Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.

(WMtely).

(J, Ji. J ad. ; «', h. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

2 ad. sk. [Wliitehj).

I. Ad. sk. British Guiana {Broicn). Sclater Coll.

VI, n. c? ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hau.v- Salvin-Godman CoU.

well).

0. (S ad. sk. Bio Tocantins ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Amazons (?). Sclater Coll. (Tjpe of

Galbula inornata.)

q. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

r. Ad. st. S. America. Purchased.

2. Brachygalba fulviventris.

Brachygalba lugubris, Scl. Mfmor/r. Jac. and Piif-bd.'t. -p. ?)9,-p\. xi.
(fig. sinistra).

Similar to B. luijuhris, but middle of belly fulvous.

Hah. Colombia and E. Ecuador.

So far as I can now make out, the rufous-bellied form of B. hr/^i-
hris from Colombia and Eastern Ecuador must belong to a separate
species, which I propose to call B. fulviventris.

a. S ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater CoU.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater CoU.

d. e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Pi'cJdei/). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Ecuador {Btickley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
V/. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman CoU.

3. Brachygalba goeringi.

Brachvgalba goeringi, -SV/. et Sak.P.Z.S. 1869, p. 253, pi. xviii. ;

iid.' Nometicl. p. 105; Scl. Monogr. Jac. and Piiff-bds. p. 41,

pi. xii.
" Bracbvgalba lugubris {Sw.)" Lawr.Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 274.

3. BRACHYGALBA. 173

Above bronzj- green ; wings brownish black, coverts and outer
secondaries with edgings like the back : cap and upper neck
brown ; superciliaries broader behind, and nape fulvous : beneath,
throat white ; breast blackish ; belly and crissum pure white :
flanks black ; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing
2-75, tail 2-;3, bill from gape 2. Female similar, but middle of
belly ferruginous.

Hub. Venezuela.

a, b. cS 2 'id- sk. Lake of Valencia, Venezuela Sclater Coll.

{Goeriny). (Types of the species.)

'". c? $ ad. ; d. Lake of Valencia, Venezuela SaJvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. {Goerinij).

4. Brachygalba salmoni.

liracliyKalba saluioui, Scl. et ,Sah\ P. Z. S. 187U, p. 53-5 (^\jitioquia) ;
Sd. MoHOf/i: Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 43, pi. xiii.

Bronzy green, cap shaded with brown ; throat and inner webs
of the wing-feathers at the base white ; middle of beUy and
crissum ferruginous ; bill black ; feet brown : whole length 1-2
inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-;j. Female similar, but throat pale
fulvous.

llab. State of Autioquia, Colombia.

«. $ ad. sk. Kio Nichi, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

(^>S(dmon).

b. cj ad. sk. llio Nichi, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godniau Coll.

(Salmon). (Types of the species.)

5. Brachygalba albigularis.

Galbula idbigularis, Spu; Ac. Bras. i. p. 54, t. 57. tig. 1 ; Gray et
Milch. Gen. B. i. p. 63; Bp. Consp. i. p. \o-2; Cab. in Erscli tt.
Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 300; Heichenh. Randb. p. 84; Burm.
Sijit. Ueb. ii. p. :iQ-2.

Bracliygalba albigiUaris, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 13 ; Sd. P. Z. tS.
l.So7, p. j.'G2 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. l'U7 ; id. Monyr. Jac. and Puff-
bds. p. 45, pi. .Yiv.j ISd. et Salt: Nomend. p. 105; Tacz. Orn. Per
iii. p. IIU.

Biacliycex albogularis, Cab. et Rein. Mm. Rein. iv. p. 215.

8moky brown ; back, edgings of wings except primaries, and
margins of tail bronzy green ; eyebrows, sides of head, and throat
white ; blotch in the middle of belly dark ferruginous ; inner webs
of wing-feathers banded with white at the base ; bill wliite ; feet
black: whole length t5-2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-], bill from gape
2-4. ^

Hub. Upper Amazonia.

«. Ad. sk. liio Javavi, Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater ColL

6. Ad. sk. liio Javari, Upper Amazons {Bates). l^'uvhased.

174 GALBTTLID^.

6. Brachygalba melanostema.

Jacamar a ventre blanc. " Galbula albiventris, Zcvaill." Less. Tr.

d'Oni. p. 234.
Galbula albiventris, Cab. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 309.
Brachygalba albiventer, Bji. Co7isp. Vol. Zyr/. p. 13.
BracbVgalba melauosterna, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 15 ; id. Monogr,

Jac. and Pujf-hds. p. 47, pi. XT. ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 105.
Galbula (Brachygalba) melanosterua, Peh. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx.

p. 518 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 24.
" Galbula lugubris, Natt. MS.," teste Peh. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 518.
Bracbycex melanostema, Cab. et Sein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 214.
BracliYcex albiventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 215.
Galbula melanostema, Reinli. Fuylef. Bras. Camp. p. 123.

Above smoky brown ; middle of back, wings, and tail margined
with bronzy green : beneath black ; throat white ; middle of belly
pure white ; inner webs of wing-feathers at the base white ; bill
white; feet brown: whole length (M inches, wing 2*9, tail 2"2,
bill from gape 1"9. Female similar.

Hah. Inner Brazil and adjoining parts of Bolivia.

The smoky-brown cheeks and the absence of the white super-
ciliaries at once distinguish this species from B. albigularis.

a. c? ad. sk. lUo Parana, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.

h, c. 2 »d. sk. Cliapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.

(H. H. Smith).

d. S fid. sk. BoUvin. Sclater Coll.

4. JACAMARALCYON. ^

Jacamaralcyon, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 235 (1831) J. tridactyla.

Cauax, Cab. in Wier/m: Arch. 1847, i. p. 347 J. tridactyla.

The total absence of the hind toe at once distinguishes this
genus from Bracliijgalha, which it otherwise generally resembles
excepting in having a rather longer tail.

This type is restricted to S.E. Brazil.

1. Jacamaralcyon tridactyla,

Le Jacamaralcion, Levaill. Prom, et Guep., Suppl. p. 51, t. 1.
• Galbula tridactyla, lleill. JVouv. Diet. xvi. p. 445 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1327 ; Licht. Douhl. p. 12 ; Spi.v, Ar. Bras. i. p. 55, t. 57.

fig. 2 ; Grai/ et Mitch. Gen. B. \. ]). 83 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien,

XX. p. 518 ;■ id. Orn. Bras. p. 25 : Eulcr, J.f. O. 18G7, p. 221.
Galbula eevcoides, Such, Zool. Journ. ii. p. Il2; Jard. et Selb. 111.

Orn. i. t.'22.
Jacamaralcyon brasiliensis, Less. 1r. dt Orn. p. 235.
Galbula armata, Sw. An. in Menag. p. .328.
Cauax tridactvlus, Cab. in Wicr/m. Arch. 1847, i. p. 347 : id. in

Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii^ p. 310 ; id. J.f. O. 1874, p. 227 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iy. p. 213.
Jacamaralcyon tridactyla, Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. G7 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 153 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14; Peichenb. Handb. p. 83;

5. GALBALCTRHTNCHU8. 175

Scl. Si/n. Galb. p. 8 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 16 ; id. Monor/r. Jac. and
Piiff-bds. p. 49, pi. xvi. ; Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 18; Reinh. Fuylef.
Bras. Camp. p. 123 ; Hcl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 105.

Above slatj- black, strongly suffused with bronzy green ; cap
smoky brown, striated with pale fulvous: beneath rather paler;
throat black ; chin and sides of the head striated with pale fulvous
like the cap ; middle of breast and belly pure white ; inner webs
of wing-t'oathers white ; bill black ; feet dark slaty : whole length
7*5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 2-S, bill from gape l-U. Female nearly
similar.

Hah. S.E. Brazil.

a. cJ ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas, Brazil Sclater Coll.

(lioffcrs) .

b, c. (S iid. ik. Novo Fi'ibourgo, Brazil Salvin-Godmau Coll.

( Youds) .

d. 2 ad. sk. Vicinity of BoUvia ( Wu- Salvin-Gudmau Coll.

cherer).

('. 5 5id. sk. S.E, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Piu-chased.

(/. Xd. St. S.E. Brazil. Gould CoU.

h. Skeleton. S.E. Brazil. Eyton Coll.

5. GALBALCYRHYNCHUS.

Type.

• ialbalcyrhyuchus, Des Murs, liev. Zool. 1845, p. :i07 . . G. leucotis.

Jacamaralcyouides, Des Mars, Icon. Orn. i. 17 (1845) . . G. leucotis.
Cauecias, Cab. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 310

(1851) G. leucotis.

Alcyonides, ReicJienb. Handb. d. sp. Orn. p. 83 (1851) . . G. leucotis.

This curious form is at once distinguishable from Galbula by its
shorter, higher, and much compressed bill, its short square tail, and
its stronger feet. There are twelve rectrices, the outer pair being
abnormally small as in Galbula.

Galbalct/rhi/ nchus is only found in the forests of Upper Amazonia
aud Eastern Ecuador.

1. Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis.

Galbalcyrliyiichus leucotis, Des Murs, Per. Zool. 1845, p. 207 ; id.

E.cp. de Castelnau, Zuul., Ois. p. 31 ; Grai/ et Mitch. Gen. B. iii.

App. p. 30 a ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 153 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 ; Hcl,

Sya. Galb. p. 10 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. IG, 137 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 2(>8 ; /(/. Monoi/r. Jac. and Pitf-bds. p. 53, pi. xvii. ; Cass. Cat.

Hale. p. 10; H'trtl. J. f. O. 1857, p. 43: 6t/. et ISalv. P. Z. S.

IStJtj, p. lOi', 1807, p. 978, 1873, p. 294; iid. Xomencl. p. 105;

Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 121.
Jacamaralcyouides leucotis, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. t. 17.
Cauecias leucotis, Cab. in Ersch u. Grub. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. 310 :

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 228.
Alcyonides leucotis, Reichoih. Handb. p. 83.

Above aud beneath brownish chestnut ; cap, wings, aud tail

176

GALTiFT.TT).^.

blackish tinged with bronzj'' green ; cheeks white ; cbin blackish ;
bill and feet white : whole length 8 inches, wing 3'5, tail 2"2, bill
from gape 2"1. Female similar, but without the white cheeks.
Hah. Upper Amazonia.

a. Ad. St.

Upper Amazonia.

Purchased.

h. Ad. St.

Upper Amazonia.

Gould Coll.

c. S ad. sk.

Pebas, Peru (HnuxivelJ).

Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

Pebas, Peru (Hauxioelt).

Salrin-Godman Coll

e. 2 ad. sk.

Ueayali (BaHlett).

Sclater Coll.

/. 2 ad. sk.

Ucayali {Bartletf).

Salvin-Oodman Coll

p. Ad. sk.

Ucavali.

E. Bartlett [C.].

'/(. ^ ad. sk.

Yqiiitos, Peru ( TTlittel!/).

Salvin-Gndman Coll

i, k. S ad. sk.

Yquitos, Peru.

H. Whitely [C.].

/, »n. c? 2 ad. sk.

Samiria, E. Peru (Ha^i.rweU).

Purchased.

n. S ad. sk.

Elvira, E. Peru (Bortletf).

Sclater Coll.

0, p. Ad. sk.

Eio Copotaza, Ecuador (BiicJ;-
ley).

SalTin-Godman Coll

Subfamily II. JACAMEROPIN^.
6. JACAMEROPS.

Tj-pe.

Jacamerops, Less. Tr. (tOrn. p. 234 (1831) .1. grandis.

Lamprotila, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 336 (1837) J. grandis.

Jacamerops is the giant of the Galhulida', ;md is well distinguished
by its incurved bill, which is much dilated at the base and has a
sharp culminal ridge. The tail has twelve rectrices, of which the
three outer pairs are much graduated. The tarsi are short and the
feet weak.

Jacamerops has a wide range, from Veragua over Colombia,
Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia.

1. Jacamerops grandis.

Alcedo aurea, P. L. S. Miill. Natm-sr/xt. Sxppl. p. 94 (?).

Great .Tacamar, Lath. Syn. i. p. 605 : id. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 3.

Alcedo grandis. Gin. S. N. i. p. 458.

Galbula grandis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 245 : Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1325.

Le Jacammaciri, And. et J'iei'll. Ois. Dor. p. 8, i Jac. t. 6.

.lacamarici, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 125, t. 54.

Galbula jacamaciri, Shaw, Xaf. Afisc. vol. xx. t. 833.

Jaoamero]>s graudis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. 'p. 2?A: Gray et 3Iitch. Gen.
B. i. p. 84; Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 68 : Bp' Consp. i. p. 153
id. Comp. Vol. Zvf/. p. 13 ; Reichenb. Handh. p. 88 ; Scl. Syn. Galb.
p. 9 ; id. P. Z. &' 1855. p. 16, 1857, p. 263 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 268
id. Monoqr. Jac. and Biiff-lids. p. 57, pi. xviii. : Cass. Cat. Hale.
p. 18; Peh Sitz. Ak.'Wien, xx. p. 519; id. Orn. Bras. p. 25
Burm. Si/st. Ueh. ii. p. 298; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. U. vii. p. 291
Sel. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363. 1867. p. 582, 1873, p. 294. 1879
p. 536; iid. Komencl. p. 105; Taez. P.Z.S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E
Peru) ; id. Om. Per. iii. p. 122 ; Salv. Lbis, 1886, p. 62 (Brit
Guiana).

Lamprotila platyrbyucba, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 336.

Lamprotila grandis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 718 ; id. in Ersch

6. JACAMKROPS.

i:

n. Gnih. Enc. sect. 1, lii. p. "SIO; Cab. et Htin. Mus. Hcin. iv.

p. -227.
Jiicamerops isidori, Deville, Sev. Zool. 1849, p. 55 ; Reichenb. Ilandb.

p. 88 ; Scl. Syn. Galb. p. 10 ; id. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 16 ; Bp. Consp.

Vol. Ziig. p. 13 ; Den Murs, Exy. de Castelnau, Zool., Ois. p. 32,

t. X.
Lamproptila isidori, Cab. et Hdn. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 227.

Above shinins; metallic green, more or less glossed with copper,
especiaDy on the hack ,- wings and tail blackish, with metallic green
edgings : sides of head and chin golden green ; large gnttural spot
white : abdomen chestnut : under wing-coverts and inner margins
of wing-feathers rufous ; bill and feet black : whole length 10'8
inches, wing 4-5, tail 5. Female similar, but without the white
guttural spot, and the abdomen not so dark.

llah. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Yeragua.

I have examined the type of J. isidori in the French National
Collection. It seems to me to be merely a melanoid variety of
/. r/ntndis, the green of the back having passed into a dark purple.

a,b.c^2 <id. sk.

c. (S ad. sk.

d. c? ad. sk.

e. 2 ad. St.
/. 2 ad. sk.
(/. 2 :^d. sk.
k. c? ad. sk.
i. 2 ad.sk.
k. c? ad. sk.
/. d ad. sk.

m, «. cJ 2 ad.

sk.
0. cJ ad. sk.

;). J ad. sk.
?i '■• d" 2 ad. sk.
■''. cJ ad. sk.
t. 2 ad. sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
W. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Demerara.
Demerara.
Cayenne.

Lower Amazons ( Wallace).
Amazonia.
Barra ( Wallace).
Ega, Amazonia.
Santa Caniz, Upper Amazons

{Bates).
Napo, Ecuador {Buckley).

Remedies, Antioquia {Sal-

moti).
Bogota.

Panama (McLeamian).
('li('])r>, Panama (Arce).
Veragua {Arce).

Salviu-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Pm'chased.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
A. R. WaUace [C.l.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

M>L. Xl\.

178 . BUCCONID^.

Family BUCCONIDiE.

(By P. L. SCLATEE.)

The Buccouklce or Puflf-birds constitute a very distiuct family of
Zygodactylous Picarice, nearly allied to the Galbulidoi, and likewise
entirely restricted to the Neotropical Eegion. Like the Galbulida;
the Bucconida; have a nude oil-gland, long globose caeca, and per-
fectly-formed clavicles, and are by these characters readily separable
from the Indicator idw, Capitonida', and Rliamphastidoi, in which
the oU-gland is tufted, there are no caeca, and the clavicles are more
or less imperfectly developed.

The differences between the present group and the GalbuUdce have
been given at full length by Forbes in the Introduction to my
Monograph *. It may be sufficient on the present occasion to point
out that the Bucconidce are readily distinguishable from the Gal-
hulidm by the shorter and stronger bill, which is more or less hooked
or incurved at the tip, by the presence of twelve well-formed rectrices,
and by the absence of an after-shaft in the contour-feathers.

The Bucconidce do not appear to range quite so far north as the
Galbulida}. In Guatemala and Belize we first meet with two species.
In Costa llica and Veragua the number is increased to seven. lu
Colombia and Amazonia the majority of the species occur ; seven
are found in the wood-region of S.E. Brazil aud one in Paraguay.
The existence of a member of this family in the Argentine province
of Tucuman has been ascertained by Dr. Burmeister, but it is not
yet quite certain what the exact species is that is there met with f.
In the Patagonian and Antillean Subregions, as in the case of the
Jacamars, there are no Bucconidoi.

Speaking generally, it may be said that the Puff-birds are a
purely arboreal and forest-frequenting group. They seem to pass
the greater part of their lives sitting upon the topmost or outermost
branches of the trees, generally selecting twigs that are dry and
withered for their perch, and looking out for insects, which are
captured flying, and constitute their only food. The SwaUow-wing
{Ghelidoptera) nests in holes in banks, like the Kingfishers, and lays

* Sclater, Mon. Jac. & Puff-bds. pp. xxvii et seq.
t Cf. Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. ii. p. 30.

I

1. HOCCO. 179

white oggs. Of the mode of nidification of the other memhers of
tlio family we arc iit preseub almost entirely igiioraut ; but it is
]iiob:ible that they either follow the same practice, or else nest in
lioUow trees, and that their eggs are colourless, like those of other
birds which deposit their eggs in similar situ;itiou8.

Key to the Genera.

A. Bill straight, widened at the base ; tip

hooked 1. Bucco, p. 179.

B. Bill more or less incurved, compressed ;

tip incurved but not hooked, except in
Ilapaloptila.
a. Tail longer, rounded.
a' . Wings short.

a". Bill shorter and thicker.

I Tail moderate 2. Malacoptila, p. 19.3.

) Tail short '■). Micromgnacha, p. 199.

h". Bill longer and thinner 4. Nonnula, p. 109.

//. Wings lengthened.

(Bin hooked; tail shorter .... 5. Hapaloptila, p. 202.
I Bill incurved ; tail longer .... G. Monacha, p. 202.
h. 'Vi\\\ shorter, squared ; wings long . . 7. Ohelidopteba, p. 207.

1. BUCCO.

Type.

Bucco, Briiss. Orn. iv. p. 92 (1760) B. collaris.

Cj-phos, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 51 (1824) B. macrodactylus.

Nystactes, Glo(/er, Frorieps Notizen, xvi. p. 277

(1827) B. tamatia.

Tamatia, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. KiG (1831) B. tectus.

Chaunornis, Gru;/, List Gen. B. p. 13 (1841) .... B. tamatia.
Nystalus, Cab. ct Hein. Mies. Hein. iv. p. 139

(18G3) B. maculatus.

Hypnelus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 143

(1863) B. bicinctus.

Nothriscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 14G

(1863) B. tectus.

Argicus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 148

(1863) 13. macrodactylus.

Notharchus, Cab. et Hein. Mm. Hein. iv. p. 149

(18G3) B. hyperrhynchus.

This extensive genus, wiiieh is spread over the whole area of the
family, is divisible, according to the shape of the bill, into two sub-
genera, Biaro and Ni/stalns. It contains 20 species, which may be
arranged as follows ; —

Key to the Species.

A. Bill rounded, dilated at the base. {Bucco.)
a. With a distinct breast-band.

a'. Rufous and white ; bill vd 1. colbiri.i, p. 160.

n2

180

BUCCONID^.

h'. Black aud white ; bill black. \

a". Larger ; cap black.
cd" . Breast-baacl black.
a*. Front and belly white :

1 white front' narrow 2. macrorhynchus, p. 181.

{white front moderate .... 3. dysoni, p. 182.

( white front broad 4. hjperrhynchus, p. 183.

¥. Front white ; belly rufescent . ■'>. sivainsoni, p. 183.
c\ Front black; belly white. ... 6. pectoralis, p. 184.
b'". Breast-band black and brown . . 7. wt^/, p. 184.
h". Smaller ; cap black with white
spots,
c'". Breast-band broad :

I six middle rectrice.s spotted . 8. tectus, p. 185.
[six middle rectrices not

spotted 9. picatm, p. 186. ^

d'". Breast-baud narrow 10. subtectus, p. 186.

c'. Brown and rufous ; bill black.

c". Cap castaneous 11- macrodactylus, p. 186.

d". Cap brown :

/ with one breast-band 12. ruficoUk, p. 187.

t with two breast-bands 13. bicinctus, p. 188.

b. Without a breast-band :

\ black spots on belly less numerous . 14. tamatia, p. 188.
I black spots on belly more numerous. 15. pulmentiDn, p. 189.
'. Bill compressed aud more elevated.
(Nystalus.)

c. Breast rufous, unspotted :

1 belly white with black spots 16. maeulatus, p. 190.

) belly white with black stripes 17. striatipectiis,V- 190.

d. Breast white, unspotted 18. chacuru, p. 191.

e. Breast oehraceous, variegated :

I with black striations 19. striolatus, p. 192.

I with black cross-bars 20. radiatus, p. 192.

1. Bucco collaris.

Bucco capeusis, Linn. S. X. i. p. 168 ; Gmel. *'. N. i. p. 406.

Barbu a collier de Cayenne, Daub. PL Enl. 395.

Le Tamatia a collier, Buff. Hist. Nat. vii. p. 97 ; Levaill. Ois. de

Par. ii. p. t)7, t. 42.
Bucco collaris, Lat/i. Ind. Orn. i. p. 202 ; Vieill. Nouv. Diet. m.

p. 240 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 1420 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74;

Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 47 ; Scl. Ann. K. H. ser. 2, xiii. p. 356 ;

id. Syn. Bucc. p. 7 ; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 110, 1855, p. 196 ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 268; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 61, pi. xix. ;

Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 510 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 22 ; Cab. et

Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 14S ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 582,

751, 1873, p. 294 ; iid. Nnmencl. p. 105 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 62

(Brit. Guiana) : Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 123.
Collared Barbet, Lnfh. Gen. Hist. iii. p. 218.
Capito collaris, Wayl. Syst. Av. Capito, sp. 3 ; Tsch. Faun. Per.,

Aves, p. 259 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 146 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ;

Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 287.
Tamatia collaris, Less. Tr. dJOrn. p. 167: Hahn u. Kust. Jog. aus

Asien, Lief. iii. t. 5.

1. BTTCCO. -ip^-i

Above bright nisty red, crossed with black linear bands except
on the sues o the head: dorsal band black; wings blackSf
coverts, externa secondaries, and tail l.ke the back : beneath white'
abdomen washed with ochraceous; poctor.l band black ; bill oran<^e-
red cu men blackish : feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-2,
tail (), bill from gape 1-4. Female similar. '

Hal). Guiana and Amazonia.

a. Ad. St. s. America. Purchased

f>, c.d9 ad. sk. Bartica Cxrove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( iynitely).
d. 6 ad. ..k. R°;aima, Brit. Giuana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitehj).

^■?l'!l"S" S'^T;- t, SclaterColl.

/. Sad.sk. Marab.anos, Rio Negro Salvin-Godman Coll.

(batterer).

h 9\a\ or'' Amazons ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. 2 ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru {Bart- Salvin-<lodman Coll.

/: O ''I" '^- ^''^"'*°'' ^- ^^™ ( T^^ifehj). Sclater Coll.

A. V ad. sk. Loreto-yacu, E. Peru (Haiix- Sclater Coll

tvell).

I. Ad. St. Upper Amazons. H W T!atP« T 1

« •/ A? • . ?PP^' '"i^^""^ '^''^''^■>- Enchased! ^''•^•

n-p. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Bucco macrorhynchus.
I3arbu a gros bee de Cavenne, Daub. PI. Enl 689
Le plus grand Tamatia noir et blanc, Buf. Hist 'Nat vii n QQ
Greater P.ed Barbet, Lath. Syn. i. ^Ud. i±k^"m^:i.f..^
I.UCCO macrorbjiichos, /?,«. S. N. i. p. 406 = Lath. Lid. Orn.i \ "oi ■
]S. 4 3/.'p.^4?- "'• P- '"'' '''• ^"^- ^^^''^- P- 1^20; e;4zli
Tamatia a plastron nou-, Zeir////. Oh. de Par. ii b 92 t Sq

rp"lS'™'^^'°'^"'' ^'^^^^ *^^''- ^"- Capito,sp.'l; 5^. Co,«p.

^"S'p.T^™'^^"'^'^'^"*^- ^'^ '^'^'•Pl67; ^;>. Com/,. Vol.

Cyplios macrorhyucbus, -S<,7C^/. ^n„. Nat. Hist, vi p 418

Bucco macroi;hynchus, r/r«y ^^ .T/,y,/,. Gen.B.i^^.U- Cab in

'IcIwmb.Giaan. in. p. 719 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 18.>5, p. 196^ /./. Ca^A B

p^69 ; td. Monogr Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 65, pL xx. ; P,/^ W- 4^

Salv. ms, 18S(5, p. 62 (Brit. Guiana) ; Tacz. Om. Per. i i p^jo^^ '
Notharcbus macrorhynchus. Cab. et ILiu. Mu.^. Hein. iv. p. 151

Above black: narrow front and nape-band and slight edgin-s to
eathers of the back and scapulars white: beneath%vliite'^; "rroad
breast-band black : Hanks barred with white and black: bellv lir^htlv
tinged with fulvous: inner webs of wing-feathers whit > nnd r

§ 7 n ' " ^'■°™ S^^P^ ^ ■"• ^"""^^' similar,

i/"''. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

182

BUCCONTB^.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. d. $ ad. sk.
e. S jr. ; /. 2

ad. sk.
g. 5 jr. sk.

Cayenne.

British Guiana.

Roraima, Brit. Guiana ( Whitely).

Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

{Whitely).
Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana

(Whitely-).

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

.3. Bucco dysoni.

Capito macrorhynchus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 259.

Bucco macrorhynclius, Scl. P. Z. S. 18.54, p. 110.

Tamatia gigas, Bp. C'onsp. Vol. Tyg. p. 13.

Bucco dysoni, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 193 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 269 ; id.
Monogr. Jac. and Ptvff-bds. p. 67, pi. xxi. ; Scl. ct Salv. Ibis, 1860,
p 40 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 105 ; Laicr. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 318 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 201 ; id. Ibis, 1872,
p.' 322 (Nicaragua) ; Nutting, Pr. U. S. N. M. v. p. 401 (Costa
Rica) ; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118 (Ecuador).

Bucco leucocrissus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 284 ; id Cat. A. B. p. 209.

Bucco napen,9is, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 269.

Notharchus dysoni. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 149.

Notliarchus albicrissus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 151.

Notharclius napensis. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 152.

Similar to B. macrorhynchus, but with the white front wider, and
without the fulvous tinge on the belly.

Hcfb. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

a, 6. c? ? ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d,e. S2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. (S ad. sk.

i. ^ ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.

I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.

q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

s-u. Ad. sk.
V, w. S 2 ad. sk.

X, y. Ad. sk.

z. S ad. sic.

Cayo, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
caneaux).

Vera Paz (Constancia).

Escuintla, Guatemala {Salvin
4" Godman).

Honduras.

Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).

Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui
(Arcc).

Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arc6).

Lion-Ilill Station, Panama
{McLeannan).

Chepo, Panama (Arci).

Panama.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Rio Napo, Ecuador (Buck-
ley).

Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).

Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-

worth).
Upper Amazons ( Wallace).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

E. Dyson [C.].
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

0. Salvin, Esq. rP.l.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Gould Coll.

Sclater Coll. (Type

of B. napensis.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Types

of J5. leucocrissus.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

J

1. BFCCO. 183

4. Bucco hyperrhynchus.

Rucco macrorhyuchus, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. ^>^y7 : id.

Syn. Bxicc. p. 7.
Tam.itia liyperrhynchus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyr/. p. 13 (1854).
JJucco hyperrliyiichus, Hcl. P. Z. S. ISoo, p. 19y, pi. cv., 1858, p. 00 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 2G0 ; id. Monor/r. Jac. and Puff-hds. p. 71, pi.

xxii. ; Scl. et Srdv. P. A. S. 18U7, p. 582, 1873, p. 295 ; iid.

Nomencl. p. 105 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 391 ; Tacz. Orn. Per.

iii. p. 125.
Bucco (Capito) giganteus, Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 511 (1856).
Notliarclius li3-peiTliynchus, Cab. ct Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 150.
Bucco giganteus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 20.

Above black ; broad front-, extending up to the eyes, and narrow
nuchal collar white ; back and scapulars with very slight whitish
margins : beneath white ; broad pectoral band black ; flanks
barred with black and white ; under wing-coverts black ; inner
webs of wing-feathers white ; under surface of tail cinereous, with
slight whitish ends to the tail-feathers ; bill strong, long, black ;
feet dark brown : whole length 1U"2 inches, wing 4'5, tail 3'3,
bill 2'2. Female similar.

Hah. Amazonia.

This species is distinguished from the two preceding by its veiy
large bill and the greater broadness of the white forehead.

a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru {Hau.vwell). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [O.'J.

c. 2 ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons {Lay- Sclater Coll.

ard^.

d. $ ad. ; e. Para, Lower Amazons {Lay- Tweeddale Coll.
Ad. sk. ard).

f. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons ( Wal- Salvin-Godmau Coll.

lace).

g. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons. Zool. Soc. Coll.
h. Ad.sk. Pernarabuco, Brazil fC'rff ?•«?). Sclater Coll.

•"). Bucco swaiusoni.

'Pamalia luaevorhynchos, Siv. Zool. Bl. ser. 1, ii. pi. 99.

liucco swaiusonii, Gray et Jfitr/i. Gen. B. i.p. 74 ; id. List Fiss. B. M.

]). 47 ; Sclater, Ann. N.H. ser. 2, xiii. p. 358 ; id. S'l/n. Biicc. p. 8 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 190 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 209 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and

Puf-bds. p. 73, pi. xxiii. ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. j). 509 ; id.

Orn. Bras. p. 21 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 105.
Capito swainsoni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 14(5.
Tamatia swainsoni, Bp. Con-ip. Vol. Zyy. p. 13.
Capito niacrorliyuchus, Burm. Syst. T'eb. ii. p. 283.
Nothnvchu-; swainsoni. Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 151 ; Cab.

J.f. O. 1S74, p. 227.

Above black ; narrow line along the front and slight nuchal
collar white : beneath, throat white, pectoral collar black : abdomen
fulvous ; sides barred with Idack and white ; bill black : feet

184

BTTCCONir^.

brown: whole length 8-8 inches, wing 4, tail 8-2, bill from gape 1"5.
Femal similar.

Hob. S.E. Brazil.

The narrow white frontal line and fulvous belly distinguish this
species.

a, b. Ad. St.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Skeleton.

S.E. Brazil.

S.E. BrazU.

S.E. Brazil.

Novo Fribourgo (Ymids)

S.E. Brazil.

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Evton CoU.

6. Bucco pectoralis.

Bucco pectoralis, Gray et Mitch. Geti. B. i. p. 74, pi. xxvi. ; Gray, List
Fiss. B. M. p. 47 ; Scl. Ami. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 358 ; id.
Syn. Bucc. p. 8 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. ] 9G ; id. Monogr. Jac. and
Piiff-bds. p. 75, pi. xxiv. ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 464
(Panama) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363, et 1879, p. 5.36 ;
iid. Nomencl. p. 105; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 374; BerL J.f. 0.
1884, pp. 277, 315 (Bucaramanga).

Capito pectoralis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 146.

Tamatia pectoralis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.

Above black, with slight bronzy tinge ; sides of head and slight
nuchal collar white ; feathers of lower back and scapulars slightly
edged with white : beneath white ; broad pectoral band extending
over the sides of the neck up to the eye bronzy black ; flanks
barred with black and white : bill and feet black : whole length
8 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3-2, bill from gape l-o.

Hab. Panama and Colombia.

The wholly black front and the wide extension of the black
breast-band render this a weU-marked species.

a. (S ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama

{McLeannan).

b. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).

c. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arce).

d. Ad. sk. Valley of Magdalena ( Wyatt).

e. S ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon).

f. Ad. sk. S. America.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Cull.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Purchased.

(Type of the species.)

7. Bucco ordi.

Bucco ordi, Cass. Proc. Ac. Xat. <SW. Philad. 1851, p. 154, pi. S : Scl.

Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 359 ; id. Syn. Bncc. p. 9 ; id. P. Z. S.

1855, p. 196, et 1857, p. 2G2 : id. Monogr. Jac. and Piif-hds.

pi. 77, pi. XXV. ; Peh. Sitz. Ak. IVien, xx. p. 510 ; id. Orn. Bras.

p. 22 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 105.
Tamatia ordi, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.
Notharchus ordi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 152.

Above black, washed with bronzy on the back : )iarrow frontal

1. nrrco. 185

band aud nuchal collar white ; external secondaries and upper tail-
coverts slightly margined with white; tail black, with a medial
band and narrow terminal band of white : beneath, throat and sides
of neck white ; pectoral band black, passing beneath into brownish
chestnut; bell)- and crissum white, varied with black ; under wing-
coverts black ; inner webs of wing-feathers at the base white ; bill
and feet black : whole length 7*8 inches, wing ;}-4, tail 2-5, bill
from gape 1 '4.
Uab. Amazoni.'i.

a. Ad. sk. Oyapock, Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. St. Ega, Upper Amazons {Bates). Purchased.

8. Bucco tectus.

liavbii a poiti'iiif noire do Cayenne, Daiifj. PI. Enl. 688. fig. 2.
Le plu.« petit Tamatia noir et blanc, Buff. HUt. Nat. vii. p. 99.
Bucco tectu.s, Ilodcl. Tabl. d. PI. Enl. p. 4:5 ; Grm/ et Mitch. Gm. B.

i. p. 74; Omij, List Fis.s. B. M. \t. 47 : Scl. Ami. Nat. Hkt. .*er.

2, xiii. p. 359 ; id. Sipi. Bucc. p. 9 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 270 ; id. Monogr. Jav. and Puff-hds. p. 79, pi, xxvi. ;

Scl. vt Salv. P. Z. S. 181)7, p. 582 ; tid. Noinencl. p. 105 ; Pelz.

Orn. Bras. p. 21 ; Lai/ard, Ibis, 1873, p. 391 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886,

p. 62 (Brit. Guiana).
Bucco nielanoleuco?, G)}iel. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 406 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i.

p. 203 ; Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 241 ; Licht. Doubl. p. 8.
Petit Tamatia a plastron noir, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 93, t. 40.
Lesser Pied Barbot, Lath. Gen. Hist. iii. p. 220.
Buceo melanolnicus, Vieill. Eiic. M4th. p. 1420 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak.

Wien, XX. p. 510.
Tamatia melanoleucus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 167.
Capito melanoleucus, Wagl. Syst. Av. Capito, sp. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 146 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zi/f/. p. 13 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 284.
Nothriscus tectus, Cab. et Uein. Mtis. Hein. iv. p. 146.

Above black ; spots on the head, stripe on each side through
the eye, and narrow margins to the scapulars and upper tail-coverts
white : beneath white ; broad pectoral band black ; flanks barred
with black and white ; tail black, with a white median bar and
broad terminal spots on the lateral rectrices ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6 inches, wing 2-9, taU 2-1, bill from the gape 1.
Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Cayenne, Lower Amazonia, and N.E. Brazil.

a. tS ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitehf).

b. S ad.; c, d. Bartica Grovo, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk. ( Whitely).

e. Ad. St. Cayenne. " II. C. Rotheri- [P.].

/. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. '

g. .\d. sk. Ciiyeinie. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Pcrnambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll.

I. $ ad. sk. Para ( WaUace). Salvin-Godmau Coll.

1S6

BFCCONTr.95.

k,l. (^ 2 ad. sk,
m. Ad. st.
w, 0. Ad. st.

Para {Layard).
Para.

S. America.

Tweeddale Coll.
R. Graham [P.].
Purchased.

9. Bucco picatus.

Bucco picatu.«, Scl. P. Z. S. ISSri, p. 194; id. Mon. Jac. and Puff-
bds. p. 81 ; Scl. ef Salt: P. Z. S. 1873. p. 295 (E. Peru) ; iid.
Nomend. p. 105 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru) ; id. Orn.
Ph\ iii. p. 124.

Nothriscus picatus, Cah. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 146.

Similar to B. tectus, but rather larger ; black coloiir more
intense, and six m-iddle rectrices without white spots.
Hah. Upper Amazonia.

n. Ad. sk.
h. 2 ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

Huallaga r., Upper Amazons

(Hauxicell).
Samiria, Upper Amazons

(Hanxtvell).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).

Gould Coll.

(Ta^b of the species.)

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

10. Bucco subtectns.

Bucco subtectus, Sclafer, P. Z. S. ISCO, p. 296; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 270 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 83, pi. xxvii. ; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363, 1870, p. 536 ; iid. Nomend. p. 106 :
Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123 (Ecuador).

Bucco tectus, Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 318.

Nothriscus subtectiis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 147.

Similar to B. tectus, but hinder part of cap unspotted ; pectoral
collar narrower, and general size rather smaller.

Hab. Western Ecuador, Northern Colombia, and Veragua.

a. c? ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).

b. cj ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon).

c. cJ ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia {Salmon).

d. e. c? ad. ; /. Liim Hill Station, Panama
5 ad. sk. (McLeannati).

g. Ad. sk. Panama.

h. Ad.sk. Panama (Afciefl«H«H).

i. 9 <id. sk. Veragua (Arce).

Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sahia-Godman Coll.

11. Bucco macrodactylus.

Cyphos macrodactylus, Spi.v, Ai\ Bras. i. p. 51, pi. 39. fig. 2 ; Bp,

Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.
Capito cyphos, Wagl. Syst. Av. Capito, sp. 4; Tsch. Faun. Per., Ave.9,

p. 259.
Tamatia macrodactylus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 168.
('a]jito macrodactylus, Bp. P. Z.S. 18.37, p. 119 ; id. Consp. i. p. 146;

Burnt. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 285.

I

1. nucco. 187

Bucco macrodactvlus, Gray et Mitch. Gen. Jl. i. p. 74 ; Sclater, Ann.

N. H. ser. 2, xi'ii. p. 304 ; id. Syn. Bticv. p. 14 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855,

pp. 136, 190, 18o7, p. 201, et 1858, p. 60; id. Cat. A. B. p. 271 ;

id. Monoyr. Jac. and Piiff-hda. p. 85, pi. xxviii. ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak.

JVien, XX. p. .jIO ; id. Oni. Bran. p. 22 ; &/. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860,

D. 192, 1807, p. 751, et 1873, p. 295 ; iid. Nome?>cl. p. 106 ; Tacz.

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 128; Berl.

J.f. O. 1889, p. 308.
Argicus macrodactylus, Cah. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p, 148.

Above coffee-brown ; back and -wing- coverts speckled with
ochraceoiis ; narrow front ochraceous ; cap ferruginous ; superciliary
stripe white ; sides of head Ijhxck, bordered beneath by a white
stripe : beneath, throat ochraceous ; broad guttural band black ;
bell)- pale fulvous, crossed by numerous irregular fine bars of
brown : bill and feet black : whole length 6'2 inches, wing 2*5, tail
2-4, bill 1-1. Female similar.

Jfdb. Upper Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia.

This is quite a distinct species, easily recognizable by its ferru-
ginous cap and the position of the black band high up on the
throat.

a. 2 fid. sk. Elvira, E. Peru {HauxnceU). Sclater Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Loreto-yacu, E. Peru {Hau.t- Sclater Coll.

ivell).

c. d. Ad. .sk. Sai-avacu, E. Peru ( Whitely). Sclater Coll.

e. 2 . ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Barflett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

</. Ad. .sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

k, I. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.

m. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.

12. Bucco ruficollis.

Capito ruficollis, War/l. Isis, 1829, p. 658 ; Bp, Consp. i. p. 146.

Tamatia gularis, d'Oi-b.ct Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 100.

Bucci) ruticollis, Graif et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74; Scl. Ann. Nat.
Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 300 ; id. Syn. Bucc. p. 10, pi. 1 ; id. P. Z. S.
1855, p. 190; id. Cat. A. B. p. 270; id. Monogr. Jac. and Puf-
bdt<. p. 89, pi. xxix. ; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philad. 18(50, p. 134 ; 8cl.
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 ; iid. No7nencl. p. 106 ; Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 374; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 175; Berl. J.f. O.
1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga).

Capito gulai-is, Bp. Consp. i. p. 146.

Cbaunornis ruKcollis, Bp. Coiisp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.

Hypnelus mticollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 144.

Above brown, varied on the back with dirty white spots and
blotches ; front and narrow nuchal band ochraceous ; sides of head
white: beneath dirty white; throat rufous; breast crossed by a
well-defined black collar : flanks slightl)- barred with blackish ;
bill black ; feet dark brown : whole length Ss inches, wing 3'5,
tail l'6. /Vmrt/« •similar.

188 buccoxidjE.

Hab. Northern Colombia.

The large size and rufous throat render this species easily dis-
tinguishable.

a. Ad. St. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad.sk. Savanilla, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Ocana, U. S. C. {Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll.

e. Ad. sk. VaUe Dupar, U. S. C. Salvm-Godman Coll.

{Simons).

13. Bucco bicinctus.

Tamatia bicincta, Gmdd, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 80.

Tamatia bitorquata, Sv. An. in Menag. p. 327.

Bucco bicinctus, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74; Gray, List Fiss.

B. M. p. 48 ; Sclater, Atin. N. H. ser. 2, xiii. p. 361 ; id. Syn.

Bucc. p. 11, pi. 2; id. P. Z. S. 18o5, p. 196; id. Cat. A.'B.

p. 271 ; id. Monoqr. Jac. and Pvff-hds. p. 91, pi. xxx. ; Scl. et

Sale. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 168, 628 ; iid. Nomend. p. 106 ; Berl.

Ibis, 1884, p. 435 (Orinoco).
Capito bicincta, Bp. Consj). i. p. 146.
Chaunornis bicincta, Bp. C'onsp. Vol. Zyy.^. 13.
Ilypnelus bicinctus, Cah. et Hfiin. 3Ius. JSein. iv. p. 143.

Above brown, -with numerous fulvous spots and blotches; wings
and tail blackish brown, with slight fulvous edgings ; lores and
auricular plumes white : beneath pale ochraceous, with a broader
(higher) and a narrower (lower) breast-band of black ; flanks
crossed by irregular black bars ; bill and feet black : whole length
8 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-2, bill 1-5. Female similar.

Hah. Venezuela.

The double-banded breast at once distinguishes this species,
which is otherwise nearly allied to B. mjicottis.

a. Ad. St. Venezuela. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. E. Dyson [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Zool. Soc. CoU.
d-f. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.

q. 2 ad. sk. Pilar, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godniiin CoU.

h. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll,

{Goering).

14. Bucco tamatia.

Le Tamatia, Biif. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 94.
Baibu a ventre tachete de Cayenne, Daub. Pi. Enl. 746. fig. 1.
Bucco tamatia, Gmcl. S. N. i. p. 405 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. ]). 201 ;
Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 241: id. Enc. Meth. p. 1421 : id. Gal.

Ois. i. p. 21, t. 34 ; Liclit. Doitll. p. 8 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i.

p. 74 ; Cah. in Schomh. Guian. iii. p. 719 ; Gray, List Fi-^s. B. M.

p 48; Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 360; id. Si/n. Bucc.

p. 10 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 270 ; id.

Mono(p-. Jac. and Piif-bds. p. 93, pi. xsxi. fig. 1 ; I'elz. S'itz. Ak.

IVien, XX. p. 509 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 22 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1. BUCCO.

189

1867, p. 582 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 63 (Brit.

Guiana).
Tamatia a ^ov^e rousse, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 95, t. 41.
Tainatia maculata, Cuv. Reyn. An. i. p. 429 ; Swains. Bds. Brazil,

pi. 11.
Spotted-bellied Barbet, Lath. Gen. Hist. iii. p. 215.
Capito tamatiu, Waijl. 6'i/-st. Av. Capito, sp. 6 ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy.

p. l;> ; linrm. Si/.st. Uch. ii. p. 286.
Nyctaetes tamatia, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 418.
Chuuuoniis tamatia, Grai/, List Gen. B. p. 13 (1841) ; Cab. et Heiii.

Mas. Hein. iv. p. 144.
Tamatia tamatia, Bp. Consp. i. p. 146.
Chaunornis bypnalea. Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 145.

Above sooty brown, more or less obscurclj- marked with trans-
verse rufous bands ; front and eyebrow rufous ; line below the
eyes and narrow nape-band white : beneath, throat pale ferru-
ginous, sides of neck black ; abdomen ochraceous, thickly covered
by squarish black spots : whole length &'2 inches, wing 3, tail
2' 4, bill 1"3. Female similar.

/fab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.

a.
b.
c.
d.

«>.

Ad. St.
Ad. St.
Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.
/. (S ad. sk.

!/■
I.

(S ad. ; ft, i.
ad. ; k. J' jr.
cJ ad. sk."

2

,sk.

m
n.

. Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

0.

Ad. sk.

S. America.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Cayenne.

Bai'tica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( JMiitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

{Wliitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Rio Negro ( Wallace).
Capim River, L. Amazons

{Wallace).
Lower Amazons ( Wallace).

Purchased.
H. C. Rothery [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater CoU.

Salvin-Godman CoU.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater CoU.
Sclater CoU.

Salvin-Godman CoU.

15. Bucco pulmentum.

Tamatia (Xyctactes) pulmentum, Bp. et Terr. MS.

Bucco pulmentum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 194, pi. 106, et lb57,
p. 262 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 270 ; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Puf-bds. p. 97,
pi. x.xxi. tig. 2 ; .!>'c7. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 295 ; iid. Nomencl.
p. 106 ; Tuvz. Orn. Per. ui. p. 120.

Chaunornis pulmentum, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. i\ . p. 146.

Similar to B. tamatia, but front of a rather deeper ferruginous,
and spotji on the beUy darker and more numerous.
Hab, Upper Amazonia and Ecuador.

a. Ad. St. E. Peru.

b. Ad. sk. E. Peru.

c. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons.

rf, <'. Ad. sk. Chnraicuros, E. IVru {Bartbft).

Purchased.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
(T)-pe of the species.)
Sclater CoU.*

190

BTJCICONID^.

f. Ad. sk.
>. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.

Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Chamicuros, E. Peru {Bartlelt).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
Sara'yacu, Ecuador {Buckley).

1(3. Bucco maculatas.

E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Ispida brasiliensis nsevia, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 524.

Alcedo maculata, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 45] ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 258.

Tamatia tamajac, Lemill. Prom, et Guep. Suppl. p. 44, t. F ; Less.

Tr. (TOrn. p. 168.
Bucco somnolentus, Licht. Doubl. p. 8.
Gapito maculatus, W^agl. Syst. Av. Capito, sp. 7 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb.

ii. p. 289.
Tamatia somnolenta, Sw. B. of Brazil, t. 9.
Bucco maculatus, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74; Gray, List

Fiss. B. M. p. 48 ; Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. 363 ; id.

Syn. Bucc. p. 13 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 271 ;

id. Ilonoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 99, pi. xxxii. ; Scl. ct Salv.

Nomencl. p. 106; Berl. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 133 (Paraguay) ; Scl. et

Huds. Arg. Orn. ii. p. 30.
Tamatia maculatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 147.
Nyctastes maculatus, Bj). Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.
Nystalus maculatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 139.

Above blackish, spotted with ochraceous brown ; lores, super-
ciliaries, and nuchal collar cinnamomeous ; tail black, with numerous
narrow ochraceous cross-bars : beneath, chin white ; fore neck clear
cinnamomeous ; belly white, upper part and flanks spotted with
black ; bill bright red, culminal ridge and tip blackish : whole
length S inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-8, bill 1-7. Female similar.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
iSalvin-Godmau Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

a. Ad. St. S.E. Brazil.

b. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).

c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes),
d-h. Ad.sk. BahiB. (Wucherer).
i. Ad.sk. Bahia.
k. Ad. sk. Babia.
l-o. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil.
1). <S ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyner).
q rj ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, 13razil

(H. H. Smith).

17. Bucco striatipectus.

Bucco striatipectus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1853, p. 123, et 1855, p. 196 ;

id. Ann. N. H. ser. 2, xiii. p. 364 ; id. Syn. Bucc. p. 14 ; id. Cat.

A. B. p. 271 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 101, pi. xxxiii. ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 633.
" Nyctastes ilammulatus, Ferr.," Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.
Bucco maculatus, Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 509; id. Orn. Bras.

p. 22.
Nystalus striatipectus. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 140.

1. BUCCO. I'.M

Similar to B. luaculattis, but belly-spots passing into long bbick
striations.

Hub. Bolivia and interior of Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. P. L. Sclater [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.

18. Bucco chacuru.

El Chacuru, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. .330.

Bucco chacui'u, VieiU. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 239 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1420 (ex Azara, no. 2G1) ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74;

Grail, List Fiss. B. M. ip. 48 ; Sclater, Ann. N. H. ser. 2, xiii.

p. 362 ; id. Sijn. Bucc. p. 12 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id. Cat. A.

B. p. 271 ; id. Monof/r. Jac. and Puff-hds. p. 103, pi. xxxiv. ; Pelz.

Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 508 ; Reinh. Ftiqlef. Camp. Bras. p. 120 ;

Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 633 ; Berl. J. f. 0.

1887, pp. 23, 121 (Paraguav); Tacz. Ch-n. Per. iii. p. 129; Berl.

J./. 0. 1889, p. 308.
Capito nielaiiotis, Temm. PI. Col. 94 ; Wagl. Si/st. Av. Capito, sp. 5 ;

Max. Beitr. iv. p. 359 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 259 ; Burm. Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 287.
Bucco strigilatus, Licht. Doubt, p. 8.
Taniatia nielanotis. Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 167.
Capito chacuru, Strickl. Ann. Xat. Hist. vi. p. 418 ; Hartl. ISyst. Ind.

Azara, p. 17.
Tumatia leucotis, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 10.
Bucco leucotis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74.
Tamatia chacuru, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 146.
Tamatia leucotis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 147.
Nyctastes chacuru, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyij. p. l-'!.
Nystalus chacuru. Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Jlein. iv. p. 141.

Above brown, varied and cross-banded with irregular black lines
and spots ; head darker ; sides of head black ; lores, superciliaries,
and nuchal collar wJiite ; tail blaclvish,with numerous rufous cross-
bauds : beneath white, witlx more or less ochraceous tinge ; flanks
barred with black : hill red; feet brown : whole length 7"7 inches,
wing 3"3, tail 2'9, bill 1"4. Female similar.

Hah. Southei'n Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.

rt. Ad. St. S.E. Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothe-
say [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater CoU.

c. Ad. .sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

d. e. Ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. cS ad.sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil (./oywer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ff. Ad. sk. Kio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salviu-Godman Coll.

(Joyner).
h, i. Ad.sk.; k. Chapada, Matto Grosso (II. Salvin-Godman Coll.

cJ ad. sk. II. Smith).

I, m. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salviu-Godman Coll.

(Buckley).
n. Skeleton.

192

BUCCONID,!;.

19. Bucco striolatus.

Biicco (Capito) striolatus, Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 509.

Nystalus striolatus, Cah. et Hein. Mtis. Hein. iv. p. 140.

Bucco striolatus, -S'e^. et Salv. Ex. Orn. p. 15.3, t. Lxxvii. ; iid. No7nencl.

p. 105 ; 8cl. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-hds. p. 107, pi. xxxv. ; Fek.

Orn. Bras. p. 22.

Above brownish black, with numerous irregular ochraceous cross-
bands and spots ; broad nape-band ochraceous ; lores and slight
superciliarics whitish ; chin white ; sides of the head and breast
deep ochraceous, with distinct black striations, which are continued
over the upper portion and sides of the white abdomen ; tail blackish
brown, with numerous ochraceous cross-bars : bill blackish, lower
mandible yellowish at the base : whole length 7'5 inches, wing ;3-3,
tail 3"1, bill 1-6. Female similar.

Hah. Interior of Brazil and Eastern Ecuador.

The well-defined linear striations on the sides of the head and
lower surface at once distinguish this species. The specimens from
Ecuador are rather darker on the head and upper back, but not
otherwise different.

a. 5 ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil {Kafterer').
h. (5 ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso {H. H.
Smith).

c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia

{Buckley).

d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador [Buckley).

e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley}.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

20. Bucco radiatus.

Bucco radiatus, Sclate); P. Z. S. 185.3, p. 122, pi. 50, et 1855, pp. 136,

196 ; id. Aim. N. H. ser. 2, xiii. p. 361 ; id. Syn. Bucc. p. 11 ; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 271 ; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Piiff-hds. p. 109, pi.

xxxvi. ; Scl. et Salv. Noniencl. p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 536 ;

Pekeln, His, 1875, p. 330 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 572

(W. Ecuador).
Capito ruficervix, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.
Nystalus radiatus, Cal>. et Hein. Mvs. Hein. iv. p. 141.

Above chestnut-brown, transversely barred with black ; nuchal
collar and sides of head pale fulvous, with narrow black cross-bands ;
lores whitish : occiput and top of back blacker : beneath dirty white
or pale ochraceous ; fore neck, breast, and flanks traversed by more
or less numerous narrow black bars ; wings and tail bright chestnut-
red, crossed by numerous black bands ; bill plumbeous ; feet brown :
whole length 7*8 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-9, bill 1'4. Female
similar.

Hah. Colombia, Veragua, and Ecuador.

The narrow black cross-bars on the neck and breast distinguish
this species from the two preceding ones.

2. MALACOPTILA. 193

a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. d. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador. Salvin-Godiuan Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

h. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.

i, k. Ad. sk. l^ogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad.sk. Itemedios, Antioquia (5'«/?»oh). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Ilemedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

n. iS ad. sk. Nichi, Autioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.

0. 5 ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Panama. Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

r. Ad". St. S. ilmerica. Purchased.

2. MALACOPTILA.

Type.

Malacoptila, Gray, List of Gen. p. 13 (1841) M. fusca.

Malacoptila, according to the limits I have assigned to it in my
Monograph, embraces seven species distributed over the mainland
of the iS^cotropical Piegion from Guatemala to S.E. Brazil. The
genus is nearly allied to Bucco, but distinguished by its weaker and
more incurved bill, and rather longer and more rounded tail.

Key to the Species.

A. Pectoral spot white ; no band beneath.

I Cap blackish, striated with fulvous .... 1. fitsca, p. 193.
) Cap cinereous, striated with white .... 2. rufa, p. 194.
15. I'ectoral spot white, with a black band

beneath 3. torquata, p. 195.

C. No pectoral spot : throat rufous.
a. Cap not distinctly striated.

I Breast striated 4. panamensis, p. 196.

I Breast almost uniform 5. inoi-nata, p. 197.

h. Cap distinctly striated.

I Uellj strongly .«triated 0. fulvlgnlaris, p. 198.

I Belly indistinctly striated 7. substriata, p. 198.

1. malacoptila fasca.

White-breasted Barbet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 505; id. Gen. Hist. iii.
p. 219.

Bucco fuscus, G}nel. S.N. i. p. 408; Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 206;
Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 239 ; id. Enc. Metk. p. 1419.

Le Tamatia brun, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 99, t. 43.

Lypornix torquata (jun.), Wayl. Si/st. Av. Lypomix, sp. 4.

Tamatia fusca. Less. Tr. dOrn. p. 1G8.

Malacoptila fusca, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 13 ; Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist.
ser. 2, xiii. p. 474 ; id. Syn. Biicc. p. 15 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 136,
196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 272 ; id. Monor/r. Jae. and Pvff-bds. p. Ill,
pi. xxxvii. ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyq. p. 13 ; Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein.
iv. p. 132 ; Scl. et Salt: P. Z. S. I867, pp. 583, 752, 1873, p. 295 ;
YOL. XIX. 0

194 BUCCONID^.

iid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru) ; id.

Orn. Per. iii. p. 131.
Monasa fusca, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 ; Gray, List Fiss. B.

M. p. 49; Bp. Consp. i. p. 147 ; StricJd. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 43 ;

Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 513 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 23.
Monasa uuitorques, Dii Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. pt. 2, p. 107 ; Lafr.

Bev. Zool. 1848, p. 248.
Malacoptila inornata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 (err.).
Malacoptila nigrifusca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 195 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 272.
Malacoptila unitorques, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 60 ; id. Cat. A. B,

p. 272.
Malacoptila nigritorques. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 132.

Above brown, cap darker ; all the feathers with fulvous shaft-
stripes ; lores white : wings and tail nearly uniform externally :
beneath as above, but paler ; broad band across the upper breast
white ; middle of belly whitish ; bill horn-colour, yellowish at the
base ; feet brown : whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3'5, tail 2*4, bill
from gape V2. Female similar.

Hah. Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

c. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.

e. c? ad. sk. Chyavetas, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman CoU

(Bartlett).

f. (S ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. Sclater Coll.
(J. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater CoU.

h, i. Ad. sk. ; k. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Pull. sk.

?. Ad. sk. Rio Negro (JFa^^ace). Salvin-Godman Coll,

m. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons ( Wallace). Pm-chased.

n. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons {Bates). Purchased.

0. Ad. sk. Demerara PJver. J. T. Quelch, Esq.

[P.].

2. Malacoptila rufa.

Bucco rufus, Spi.v, A.v. Bras. i. p. 52, t. 40. fig. 1; Halm, Orn. At I.

Bucco, t. 4.
Lypornix rufa, Wayl. Syst. Av. Lypornix, sp. 5.
Capito senilis, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 259.
Mouasa rufa. Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 ; Gray, List Fiss. B. M.

p. 50 : Bp. Consp. i. p. 147 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 513 ; id.

Orn. Bras. p. 23.
Malacoptila rufa, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 475 ; id. Syn.

Bucc. p. 15 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 272 ; id.

Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 115, pi. xxxviii. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Hein. iv. p. 130 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 583, et 1873, p. 295 ;

iid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 548, et 1882, p. 44

(Peru) ; id. Orti. Per. iii. p. 130.
Scotocharis rufa, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.

Above rufous ; wings and tail brown, with edgings like the back ;
cap cinereous, with narrow white shaft-stripes ; front, sides of head.

2. MALACOI'TILA.

195

and iiapo orange-rufous : beneath pale fulvous ; middle of belly
nearly white ; broad pectoral band clear white, bordered by a slight
black margin beneath ; under wing-coverts white ; bill dark horn-
colour, yellowish at the base : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*5,
tail 2-U. Female similar.

Hah. Amazonia and N. Brazil.

n, b. Ad. St. Para, Lower Amazons. R. Graham [P.].

c. 2 ad. sk. Para ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Pernanibuco, Brazil {Craven). Sclater Coll.

/'. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons {Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.

//. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons {Bates). Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons {Bates). Sclater Coll.

3. Malacoptila torquata.

Bucco torquatus, Kahn u. Kiist. Vog. aus Asimi, Lief. xiii. p. 2, t. 5.
Bucco fuscus, Licht. Doubl. p. 8.

52, t. xl. fig

Hahn, Orn.

Bucco striatus, Spix. Av. Bras.

Atlas, Bucco, no. 5.
Monasa fusca, J)p. Journ. Acad. Philad. iv. p. 370 ; id. Consp. i.

p. 147 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 (part.) ; DuBm, Bull. Ac.

Brm: xiv. pt. 2, p. 107 ; Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 49 ; Burnt.

Sysf. Uch. n. p. 290.
Lypornix torquata, Wayl. Syst. Av. Lypornix, sp. 4.
Capito fuscus, Max. Beitr. iv. p. 364.
Capito striatus, Dubois, Orn. Gal. p. 34, t. 22.
Lypornix striata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pi. 34.
Monasa torquata, StricJcl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 43; Pelz. Sitz. Ak.

Wien, XX. p. 512; id. Orn. Bras. p. 23.
Malacoptila torquata, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 475 ; id.

Syn. Biicc. p. 10 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 272 ;

id. Monoffr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 117, pi. xxxix. ; Bp. Consp. Vol.

Zyy. p. 13 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 130 ; Scl. et Salv.

Aomencl. p. 106.

Above dark brown ; head, back, and wing-coverts covered with
ferruginous stripes ; lores rufous ; rictal plumes mixed with white :
beneath pale fulvous, more rufous on the throat and breast ; broad
pectoral band white, bordered beneath by a distinct black band ;
under wing-coverts rufous : wliole length 9 inches, wing 3-8, tail
3"9, bill from gape 1-3. Female similar.

Hah. S.E. Erazil.

The distinct black pectoral band beneath tlie broad white one at
once distinguishes this species from the two preceding.

a. Ad. St. S.E. Brazil.

b. Ad. sk. Bahia, l^razil ( Wucherer).

c. cJ ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

(Joyncr).

d. e. \d. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Brazil

{Youds).
f-h. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil.

i-»«. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil,

w. Sk.leton. S.E. Brazil.

u. Ad. sk. S. America.

Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvm-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].
Evton Coll.
Sclater Coll.

196 BUCCONIDiE.

4. Malacoptila panamensis.

Malacoptila panamensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 79 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1855, p. 196, 1860, p. 297 ; id. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 478 ;

id. Si/n. Bucc. p. 18 ; id. Cat. A. B.^. 273 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and

Puff-bds. p. 119, pi. xl. ; Cass. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 134 ;

Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 134 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864,

p. 363, 1879, p. 536; iid. Nomencl. p. 106; Sah. P. Z. S. 1870,

p. 201 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 333 ; Boiic. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 ;

Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 68 (Ecuador).
Bucco panamensis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4.
Capito panamensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 146.
Monasa mystacalis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 215, t. 3.
Malacoptila mystacalis, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 477 ; id.

Stjn. Bucc. p. 18 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 136, 196 ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 273 ; Cah. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 138 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 237 ; Ba-l. J. f. O. 1884, p. 315

(Bucaramanga).
Malacoptila aspersa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 123 ; id. Ann. Nat. Hist.

ser. 2, xiii. p. 477 ; id. Syn. Bucc. p. 17 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 136,

196 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 137.
Ciiaunoruia panamensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyy. p. 13.
Malacoptila poliopis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 86, pi. viii. ; id. Cat. A. B.

p. 273 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 136.
Malacoptila sequatorialis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 135.
Malacoptila costaricensis. Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 135.
Malacoptila blacica. Cab. et Hein. Mtts. Hein. iv. p. 137.
Malacoptila inornata, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363.
Malacoptila panamensis poliopsis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 572

(W. Ecuador).

Above brown, washed more or less with ferruginous, and spotted
on the back and wings with pale fulvous shaft-spots; lores and rictal
plumes partly white ; throat and neck ferruginous ; belly ashy
brown, on the upper part more or less flammulatcd with white ;
flanks and crissum washed with fern;ginous ; bill horn-colour,
yellowish at the base ; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3'2,
tail 3, bill from gape 1-2. Female. Paler and more greyish above :
beneath, breast much lighter.

Rab. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and
Peru.

This, as shown in my Monograph, is, according to the view that
I take, a very variable species. It may be possible to recognize four
subspecies ; but I doubt whether the specimens could be always dis-
criminated without a previous knowledge of their localities.

a. Var. costaricensis.

a. c? ad. sli. Costa Rica {Carnfiiot). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.

c. d. c? ? ad. : e, Tucm'riqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Jr. sk

g. 2 ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica {Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Peje, Costa Rica {Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. MALACOPTILA.

197

i, k. S 2 ail. sk.
I, m. S ? ad. sk.
n. (S ad. sk.

o, p. (S $ ad. sk.
q-s. cJad. ; t, u.

$ ad. sk.
V, Ad. sk.

to, X. cS 5 ad. sk.
y. S ad. sk.
s. (S ad. sk.
a'. (S ad. sk.
6'. Ad. sk.
c. S ad. sk.
d'. Ad. St.
e'. Ad. St.

f'.S ad. sk.

//', h' . c? ad. sk.

i'-m' . S ad. sk.
»',«'. S ?ad. sk.

b. Var. typica.

Biigaba, Chiriqui (Arce).
Chorcha, (Jhiriqui (Arce).
S. slope of Vole, of Chiriqui

(Arc6).
Chiriqui (Arce).
Panama {McLeannan).

Panama.

c. Var. mystacalis.

Remedios, .Vntioquia {Salmon).

Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon).

Antioquia {Salmon).

Bogota.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Bogota.

Venezuela (Dyson).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

0. Salvin, Esq. [P.].

Sclater Coll.
Sahin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Pm'chased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Puichased.
Pm'chased. (Type

of M. aspersa.)
Sclater Coll.

San Cristobal, Venezuela
(Goerinff).

d. Var. cequaiorialis.

Balzar Mts., Ecuador {Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.

worth).
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.

(Types of M. poliopsis.)

5. Malacoptila inornata.

Monasa inornata, DuBus, Bull. Acad. Brux. xiv. pt. 2, p. 107 ; Lafr.

Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 24U ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4 ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 147.
Malacoptila inornata, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 478 ; id.

Syn. Bucc. p. 19 ; id. P. Z. S. ISoo, p. 190 ; id. Cat. A. B.y. 273 ;

id. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 125, pi. xli. ; Cab. et Ilein. Mus.

Hein. iv. p. 137 ; Sdv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 201 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.

p. 106.
Malacoptila verae-pacis, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 40 ; Scl, Cat. A. B,

p. 273 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 139.

Similar to M. jicinainensis, but male beneath nearly wholly rufous,
slightly paler on the lower bcUy, and with but very slight traces of
darker fiammulations.

Hub. Guatemala.

a. Ad. sk.

b,c. (S2 ad. sk.
d,e. (S 2 ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. (S ad. sk.

British Honduras (Blanca-

neatix).
Choctiuu, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz.
Coban,Vera V&z(Constancia).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. (
Salvin-Godman Coll. )
(Types of M. vera-pacis.)

198 BTJCcoNro^.

h. 5 ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz {Sahin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i. 2 ad. sk. Vera Paz {Sahin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tifl- 6 2 ^^- sk. Guatemala (Sulvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.

m. 5 ad. sk. Guatemala {Salviri). Sclater Coll.

n. c? jr. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

6. Malacoptila fulvigularis.

" Lypomix rufa, War/l." Tsch. Fcmn. Per., Aves, pp. 41, 257.
Malacoptila fulvogulari.s Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 123, 1855, p. 196 ; id.

Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 476; id. 8yn. 5?^cc. p. 16; id.

Monoqr. Jac. and Puff-hds. p. 127, pi. xlii. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus.

Hein. iv. p. 131 ; Scl vf Salv. Nomencl. p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,

p. 633 ; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1886, pp. 68, 108 (Ecuador) : Tacz.

Orn. Per. iii. p. 132.
Malacoptila pyrrholsema, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.

Above brown, varied witb paler colour ; whole head, upper back,
and sides of neck blackish, with distinct white or ochreoiis white
shaft-stripes on all the feathers ; rictal plumes partlj' white ; lores
and throat fulvous : breast and flanks black, with shaft-stripes as on
the head, but broader and more distinct ; lower belly and crissum
fulvous white ; tail brownish cinereous, paler beneath : whole length
7-2 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3-9, bill 1-2.

Hah. Bolivia.

This is quite a distinct species, readily known by its strongly
striated head and breast and the fulvous throat.

a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.

{Buckley).

7. Malacoptila substriata.

Malacoptila substriata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 123, pi. li., 1855, pp. 136,
196; id. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 476; id. Syn. Bucc.yi. 17;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 273 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Pvff-bds. p. 129, pi.
xliii. ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 134 ; Scl. et Sail). Nomencl.
p. 106.

Above brown, varied with pale brown ; fore part and sides of
head darker, and striated with long narrow shaft-stripes of fulvous
white ; lores and rictal plumes partly white ; chin and throat ful-
vous ; breast and flanks striated like the head, but stripes broader ;
middle of belly and crissum pale fulvous whitish ; tail rufous brown,
beneath paler : whole length 7 inches, wing 3*6, tail 3*8, bill from
gape I'l.

Hah. Colombia.

This species is nearly allied to M. fidvigularis, and perhaps hardly
distinct ; but the shaft-stripes on the head and lower surface of the
present bird are more fulvous and not so well defined, and do not
extend over the nape and upper back.

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

(Type of the species.)

b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

3. MICEOMONACHA. — 4. NONNTTLA. 199

3. MICROMONACHA.

Type.
Micromonaclia, Sd. P. Z. S. 18S1, p. 777 M. lanceolata.

Under this name I proposed, in 1881, to isolate the little Buko
lanceolahis of Dcville from the Upi)er Amazons. Micromonaclui is
apparently more nearly allied to Malacoptila than to Bucco, and
seems to be best placed as an intermediate form between Malacoptila
and Nonnula, differing from the former by its short tail, and from
the latter by its shorter and stronger bill. In eoloratioa Micro-
monaclia is conspicuously different from all other Bucconidce.

1. Mlcromonacha lanceolata.

Bucco lanceolata, Derille, Rev. et Ma//, de Zool. 1849, p. 56 ; Sal.

Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. .36o ; id. Si/n. Bucc^p. 13, pi. 3; id.

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196 ; Scl. rt Salt: Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. Oni.

Per. iii. p. 127.
Capito lanceolatus, Bj). Consp. Vol. Zi/g. p. 13 ; Des 3Iurs, An. nouv.

ou rares de FB.rp. do Castidnau, Oitt. p. 30.
Nystalus lanceolatus. Cab. et Ilein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 142.
Micromonacha lanceolata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 777 ; id. Monogr.

Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 131, pi. xliv.

Above rufescent brown ; rump-feathers slightly margined with
fulvous ; lores and frontal plumes white, separated from tlie cap by
a narrow black margin : beneath white, with conspicuous black
shat't-stripes ; crissum rufous ; tail above like the back, beneath
more cinereous, with a black submarginal band on tho lateral rec-
trices ; under wing-coverts buffy white : whole length 4 inches, wing
2-6, tail 1"8, bill 1. Female similar.

Eab. Upper Amazonia and Western Ecuador.

a, b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Btickley). Sclater Coll.

c, d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Bucklei/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

4. NONNULA.

Type.
Nonnula, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 124 N. rubecula.

This genus embraces the smallest and most feeble members of the
family. They are nearly allied to Malacoptila and MonacJia, but
distinguished by tlieir longer and less elevated bill, and from the
former by their longer tail and weaker feet.

The five si)ecie8 of Nonnula are distributed over Colombia, Ama-
zonia, and Urazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Cap cinereous ; lores and eye-rim white :

I breast darker, more rufous 1. rubecula, p. 200.

) ))reast paler, less rufous 2. cineracea, p. 200.

B. Cap clu-tnut 3. n/Jicapiila, p. 200.

C. Cap brt)wn:

I front more or less rufescent J. frontalis, p. 201.

I front miiform with back 5. brunnea, p. 201.

200

BUCCONID^.

1. Nonnula rubecula.

Bucco rubecula, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 51, t. 39. fig. 1.

Monaca phaioleucos, Temm. PI. Col. 32.3. fig. 2.

Lypornix rubecula, Wagl. Syst. Av. Lypomix, sp. 6 ; Stu. B. Brazil,

" Cuculus rufalbinus, Tem7n.," Cuv. Repie An. i. p. 455 (1829).
Mouasa rubecula, Less. Tr. d'Oni. p. 157 ; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i.

p. 74 ; Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 50 ; Bj). Consp. i. p. 147 ; Burm.

Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 292 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 512 ; id. Orn.

Bras. p. 23 ; Reinh. Fuglef. Bras. Camp. p. 121.
Monasa phaioleucos, Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 55.
Nonnula rubecula, Scl. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 124, 1855, p. 19G ; id. Cat. A.

B. p. 273 ; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 133, pi. xlv. tig. 1 ;

Cab. et itein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 129 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 106.
Malacoptila rubecula, Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 479 ; id.

Syn. Bucc. p. 19.
Scotocharis rubecula, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13.

Above brown, rather more cinereous on the head, darker on the
wings and tail; lores, chin, and rim round the e^'e white : beneath
pale fulvous, brighter and more rufous on the breast ; middle of
belly whitish ; under wing-coverts pale cinnamomeous : whole
length 5-5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 2-4:, bill from gape 0-9. FemaU
similar.

Hah. Lower Amazonia and S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. sk. Para (P). Sclater Coll.

b. Ad.sk. Babia, Brazil ( JFite/terer). Sal vin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Purchased.

2. Nonnula cineracea.

Nonnula cineracea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 778; id. Monogr, Jac. and
Puff-hds. p. 135, pi. xlv. tig. 2.

Similar to N. rubecula, hut colour above more cinereous, and
breast paler,

ifab. Upper Amazonia.

a. Ad. sk. Rio Javari (Bates). Purchased. (Type of the

species.)

3. Nonnula ruficapilla.

Lypornix ruticapUla, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 300; id.

Faun. Per., Aves, p. 258, t. 24. tig. 1.
Monasa ruficapilla, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 147 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 512 ; id. Orn. Bras. p. 23.
Malacoptila ruficapilla, Scl. Ann. Nat. Mist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 480 ; id,

Syn. Bucc. p. 20.
Scotocharis ruficapilla, 5/5. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 18.
Nonnida ruficapilla, «S'e/. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 124, et 1855, p. 196; id.

Cat. A. B. p. 274 ; id. Mongr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 137, pi. xlvi.

tig. 1 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 129; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1866, p. 192, 1873, p. 295 ; iid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 548 ; id. Orn. Pe?: iii. p. 136.

4. NONNTJLA. 201

Above brown ; cap chestnut ; sid(!s of the head and neck and nape
cinereous : beneath, throat, breast, and middle of belly clear t'erru-
giuous ; lower holly and crissum whitish ; flanks more or less
cinereous : whole length 5-7 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2-2, bill from
gape 1. i^t'HirtZe. similar.

Hub. Upper Amazonia.

The chestnut cap distinguishes this species.

«. $ ad. sk. Villa Maria, Matogrosso {Nat- Sclater Coll.

fere)'),

b. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali {Barllett). Sclater Coll.

c,<^. Ad.sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].

e. c? ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons (IfrtKX- Salviu-Godman Coll.

tuell).

f. Ad. sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll.

4. Nonnula frontalis.

Malacoptila frontalis, Scl. Attn. Xat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 47U ; id.

Syn. Bucc. p. 20 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 136 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.

vii. p. 318.
Nouuula frontaUs, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196, 1858, p. 60 ; id. Cat. A.

B. p. 274 ; id. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 139 ; Cah. et Hein.

3Ius. Hein. iv. p. 129 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl, p. 106.

Above brown ; front and forehead more or less tinged with rufous ;
lores and eye-region cinereous : beneath ferruginous, more dusky on
the sides ; middle of belly and crissum whitish : whole length 5'7
inches, wing 2-3, tail 2-4, bill from gape 1.

Hah. Colombia and Panama.

This is a northern form of N. ruficapiUa, but has only the front
of the head rufous, and the cinereous colour of the sides of the head
and nape not nearly so prominent.

a. Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia. Sclater Coll.

dy e. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia. Pui'chased. (Types

of the species ?)

5. Nonnula brunnea.

Nonnula frontalis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 192, 1867, p. 752, et

1.S73, p. 295.
Xonuula brunnea, Scl. Ibis, 1881, p. 600; id. Monoyr. Jac. aitd

Puf-bds. p. 141, pi. .xlvi. Hg. 2 ; Tacz. P.Z.S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E.

Peru) ; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 135.

Above nearly uniform brown ; lores somewhat rufous : beneath
dull ferruginous, more dusky on the sides ; belly and crissum
lighter, more cinnamomeous : whole length 5'5 inches, wing 2-5,
tail 2-;i, bill from gape 1-1, Female similar.

Hub. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

202

BUCCONID^.

This species is distinguished by its uniform upper surface, with-
out any rufous on the cap.

«, b. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia.

e. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia.

d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo.

e,f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {JSuck-

ley).

(J. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck-

ley).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll. 1

Sclater Coll. (

(Types of the species.)

5. HAPALOPTILA.

Hapaloptila, Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 777

Type.
H. castanea.

This is a large form with a strong hooked bill and well-developed
rictal bristles. In structure it is nearly allied to MonacJia, but has
the bill broader at the base, a shorter tail, and rather longer tarsi.
In coloration it is perhaps more like MalacoptUa.

.Hapaloptila is found in Ecuador and Colombia.

1. Hapaloptila castanea.

Malacoptila castanea, Verr. Rev. Zool. 1866, p. .3.55, t. xix. ; Scl. et
Salp. N amend . p. 106 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 536.

Hapaloptila castanea, Scl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 777 ; id. Monogr. Jac,
and Pnff-bds. p. 143, pi. xlviii. ; Tacz. et Bed. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 116 (Ecuador).

Above cinereous with an olivaceous tinge, wings and tail darker ;
front white, with a distinct black border behind : beneath chestnut,
throat white, rictal bristles black ; biU and feet black : whole
length 9 inches, wing 4*2, tail 3"7, bill from gape 1"7. Female
similar.

Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.

a. $ ad. sk.

h. Ad. sk.

e, d, Ad. sk.
e,f, g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.

Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C.

{Salmmi).
Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C.

{Salmon).
Imtaj, Ecuador {Biwhley).
Ecuador.
Ecuador.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

6. MONACHA.

Monasa {scr. Monacha), Vieill. Analyse, p. 27 (1816)
Lypornix, Wagler, Syst. Av. (1827). . .
Scotocharis, Gloger, Froriep's Notizen,

xvi. p. 277 (1827)..

Tj-pe.
M. nigra.
M. nigra.
M. uiOTa.

Monastes, Nitzsch, Pterylogr. p. 136 (1840) M. nigi-a.

The large size and lugubrious uniform plumage, relieved only bv
the bright red or yellow bill, render Monaclia easUy distinguishable

fi. MONACHA. 203

from all the other genera of this family. Further characteristics are
the long, compressed, and incurved bill, and the elongated tail.

The seven species of Monacha range over the Neotropical main-
land from Nicaragua to H.E. Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Bend of wiug wliite.

\ Bill red ]. nirjrn, p. 203.

] Bill yellow ■>. Jfarirostris, p. 204.

B. Bend of wing uniform, not white.
a. Front and throat wliitu.

a'. Smaller : liead lighter :

I white throat broader ;J. morpheus, p. 204.

I white throat naiTower 4. pemajia, p. 205.

h'. Larger : head darker .">. (fmndior, p. 205.

h. Front white ; throat black (5. 'pallescens, p. 200.

c. Front and throat black 7. nir/nfrons, p. 200.

1. Monacha nigra.

Cuculus niger, P. L. S. Miill. Suppl. Linn. Natursyst. p. 00.
Coucou noir de Cayenne, Daub. PI. Enl. 512 ; Buff. Hist. Nat. vi.

p. 416.
Cuculus ater, Bodd. Tabl. d. PL Enl. p. 30.
Corvus australis, Gjh. S. N. i. p. 377.
Bucco cinereus, G?n. S. N. i. p. 409; Liclif. DouM. p. 8.
Cuculus tranquillus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 417.
Bucco calcaratiis, Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 206.

Le Barbacou a bee rouge, Lcvaill. Oia. de Par. ii. p. 103, tt. 44, 45.
Corvus atfiuis, Shaiv, Gen. Zool. vii. p. 381.
Monasa tranquilla, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 321 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1338; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 157; Cah. in Schomh. Guian. iii.

p. 71!) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 147 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zi/god. p. 13.
Wax-billed Barbet, Lath. Gen. Hist. iii. p. 232.
Lyporuix tranquilla, Wagl. Sijst. Av. Lypornix, sp. 1.
Monasa atra, Gray, List Fiss. B. M. p. 49 ; Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist.

ser. 2, xiii. p. 480 ; id. St/n. Bucc. p. 21 ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, j). 196 ;

id. Cat. A. B. p. 274 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wien, xx. p. 511 ; id. Oni.

Bras. p. 22 ; Cass. Pr. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1860, p. 135 ; C(d). ft

Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 126; Scl. et Scdv. Nomencl. p. 100; Salv.

Ibis. 1886, p. 63 (Brit. Guiana).
Monacha nigra, Scl. 3Ionor/r. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 145, pi. xlviii.;

Tacz. et Bcrl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118 (Ecuador).

Above black ; bend of wing and edgings of wing-coverts white :
beneath rather paler and more cinereous ; uuder wing-coverts white ;
bill coral-red ; feet black : whole length 10*5 inches, wing 4*7,
tail 4-7, bill from gape 1"7. Female similar.

llah. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.

a, b, c. Ad. St. British Guiana. Sir 11. Schombur<^k

'/. $ ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.

( Whitehj).

204

BTJCCONID^.

e. cJ ad. sk.

/,!/■ 6 2 ad. sk.

h. S ad. sk.

i. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.

R. Atapurow, British Guiana

( miitehj).
Merume Mts., British Guiana

( Whitehj).
Merume Mts., British Guiana

( Whitehj).
British Guiana {Broion).
Oyapock, Cayenne {Verdey).
Cayenne,
Cayenne.

Amazonia.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
J. H. Gurney, Esq.

[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Monacha flavirostris.

Monasa flavirostris, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 47, t. 48 ; Scl. Ann.

Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 481 ; id. Si/n. Bucc. p. 21 ; id. P. Z. S.

1855, pp. 1.36, 196 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 274 ; Cah. et Hein. Mm.

Hein. iv. p. 127; Scl. et Salt: P. Z. S. 1867, p. 752, 187.3, p. 295;

iid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 132.
Monasa axillaris, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1850, p. 216 ; Cassin, Pr. Acad.

Sci. Philad. i860, p. 135.
Monacha flavirostris, Scl. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 149,

pi. xlix.

Above and beneath black ; bend of wing and under wing-coverts
white ; bill yellow ; feet black : whole length 7"9 inches, wing 4-2,
tail 4, bill 1-1. Female similar.

Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.

The smaller size, yellow bill, and uniform wing-coverts at once
distinguish this species.

a. Ad. St. Bogota.

b, c. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia.

d. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia.

e. Ad. sk. Interior of Colombia.
/, g. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).

h. Ad. sk. Snrayacu, Ecuador (Buclieg).

i. 5 ad. sk. Chyavetas, Peru (Bartlett).

Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

3. Monacha morpheus.

White-faced Barbet, Lath. Gen. Hid. iii. p. 233.

Bucco morphoeus, Hahn u. Kiist. Vcig. aus Asien, Lief. xiv. p. 1,

t. 2.
Monasa personata, Vieill. Gal. d. Ois. i. p. 23, t. 36 ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1339 ; Less. Tr. dJOrn. p. 157 ; <S'c/. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2,

xiii. p. 481 ; id. Syn. Bucc. p. 22; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196.
Bucco leucops, Licht. Doubl. p. 8.
Bucco albifrons, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 5.3, t. 41. fig. 1.
Lypornix leucops, Wagl. Si/st. Av. Lypornix, sp. 3.
Capito leucops, Ma.v. Beitr. iv. p. 368.
Tamatia leucops, S^v. B. Brazil, t. 12.
Monasa leucops. Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 ; Gray, List Fiss.

B. M. p. 49; Bp. Consj). i. p. 147; id. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 j

6. MONACHA.

205

7??<r?w. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 293 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wim, xx. p. 512 ; id.

Orn. Bras. p. 22. ' r >

Monasa morpheiis, Cass. Proc. Acad. Set. Philad. 1860, p. 135 ; Scl.

Cat. A. B. p. 274 ; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 127 ; Scl. et

Salv. Nomencl. p. 106.
Monacha nioi-plieus, Scl. Mmiogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 151, pi. 50.

Above dark slaty grey : beneath rather lighter on the belly ; head
and neck all round blacker ; front and chin pure white ; under
wing-covorts light cinereous; bill coral-red, feet black: whole
length 11-5 inches, wing 5-1, tail 5-2, bill 1-.5. Female similar.

Ilab. S.E. Brazil and Lower Amazonia.

a, b, c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk. .

Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).

S.E. Brazil.

S.E. Brazil.

Lower Amazons ( Wallace).

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater CoU.
M. Claussen [P.].
Sclater CoU.

4. Monacha peruana.

Monasa peruana, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 194, 1857, p. 262, 1858, p. 60;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 275; Cass. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1860, p. 135 \
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 128 ; Scl. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 192, 1807, p. 752, 1873, p. 295 ; iid. Nomencl p. 100 ; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 548, et 1882, p. 44 (Peru) ; id. Om. Per. iii
p. 134 ; Berl. J.f. O. 1889, p. 309.

Monacha peruana, Scl. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 153, pi. li.

Similar to M. morplieus, but rather smaller, and the white colour
on the front and chin more restricted.
Hah. Upper Amazonia and Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased.
('. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. E. Peru. Purchased
e,/. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (5a/-^/e<<). Sclater Coll.

//, h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bucklei/). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Saravacu, Ecuador [Buckleii). Sclater Cull.

5. Monacha grandior.

Monasa grandior, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 327; iid. Nontencl

p. 106 ; Sale. Ibis, 1872, p. 322.
Monasa peruana. Later. Ann. Lye. X. Y. ix. p. 11 S.
Monacha grandior, Scl. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 155, pi. lij.

Nearly similar to M. morpJieus, but rather larger and head
blacker.

JJab. Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

a. $ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-

miol).

b. Ad. sk. San Carlos, Costa Rica (Car-

miol).

c. Ad. sk. Choutales, Nicaragua (Belt).

d. Ad. sk. Cbontales, Nicaragua.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
Salvin-Godman (Toll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.

206

BUCCONID^.

G. Monacha pallescens.

Monasa pallescens, Cctss. Proc. Acad. Set. Philad. 1860, p. 134, et
1804, p. 287, t. iv. ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, pp. 130, 374 ; Scl. et Salv.
Noynencl. p. 106; lid. R Z. S. 1879, p. 536; Berl. J.f. 0. 1884,
p. 318 (Bucaramaugfa).

Monacha pallescens, Scl. Monogr. Jac. and Puff-hds. p. 157, pi. liii.

Above and beneath dark cinereoiLS : head and throat black ; broad
front white; bill coral-red, feet black: whole length 11-1 inches,
wing 5'2, tail 4*7, bill from front 1*9. Female similar.

Hah. Northern Colombia.

This species is at once distinguished from the three former by its
black throat.

a. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

(Salmon).
l>, t'- 6 2 ad- sk. Remedies, Antioqiiia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

{Salmoii).

d. S ad. sk. Magdalena Valley, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.

( Wyatt).

e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

7. Monacha nigrifrons.

Bucco uigrifrons, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53, t. 41. fig. 2.

Lypornix uuicolor, Wai/l. Syst. Av. Lyponiix, sp. 2.

Monasa nigTifrons, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 74 ; Gray, List Fiss.

B. M. p. 49 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. ] 47 ; id. Coiisp. Vol. Zyg. p. 13 ; Scl.

Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 481 ; id. Si/n. Biicc. p. 22 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 196, 1858, p. 60 ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 274 ; Burm.

Syst. Ueh. ii. p. 294 ; Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 511 ; id. Orn.

Bras. p. 22; Cass. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1860, p. 135; Cab. et

Hein. IIus. Hein. iv. p. 127 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 192,

1867, pp. 583, 978, 1S73, p. 295, 1879, p. 633 ; iid. Nomencl.

p. 106 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 133; Berl. J.f. 0. 1889, p. 309.
Monacha uigrifrons, Scl. Monoyr. Jac. and Puff-bds. p. 159, pi. liv.

Above and beneath dark cinereous, with slight bronzy tinge on
the wings and tail : bill coral-red ; feet black : whole length 10*4
inches, wing 4*11, tail 4-10, bill from gape 1-5. Female similar.

Hah. Amazonia and Bolivia.

a. Ad. sk.

b. 5 ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

<Z, e. c? 2 ad. sk.
f,(j. 6 9- ad. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
i, k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. S ad.; n, u,

p. 5 ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.

Rio Tocantins (Wallace).
Pebas, Peru {Hauxioell).
Lower Ucayali.
Yqiiitos, Peru ( Whitely) .
Yquitos, Peru ( Whitely).
Yquitos, Peru.

Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Chapada, Matte Grosse, Brazil

(H. H. Smith).
Bolivia (Behn).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Sclater Cell.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
H. TVTiitely [C],
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coli.

7. CHELIDOPTERA. 207

7. CHELIDOPTERA. „^

Type.
Chelidoptera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 81 C. tenebrosa.

Chelidoptcra is a well-marked form of Buccoaidce, differing from
the other members of the famil}^ in its lengthened wings and
shortened tail. The bill is also short and slender and much
compressed.

This genus extends over the Neotropical mainland from Venezuela
to S.E. Brazil.

Key to the Species.

A. Smaller: breast darker; belly more rufous .. 1. fcnebrosa, -p. 207.

B. Larger: breast lighter ; belly more ochraceous. 2. brusiliensis,f. 208,

1. Chelidoptera tenebrosa.

Le petit Ooueou noir de Uayeuue, J^itff. Hist. Xat. Ois. vi. p. 417 ;

Daub. PI. Enl. 505.
Gucuhis tenebrosus, Pallas, Neiie Nord. Beyti: iii. p. 2 ; Gm. S. K.

i. p. 417 ; Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 221.
Le Barbacou a croupiou blanc, Levaill. Ois. de Par. ii. p. 105,

t. 46.
Mouasa tenebrosa, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 321 ; id. Enc. Met/i.

p. 1339 ; Less. Tr. d'' Orn. p. 157.
White-rumped Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Hist. iii. p. 324.
Mouasa teuebrio, Temm. PI. Col. 323. fig. 1.
Lyporuix tenebrosa, War/l. Si/st. Av. Lypornix, sp. 7.
Chelidoptera tenebrosa, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 81 ; Gray et Mitch.

Gen. B. i. p. 7-j ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 720 ; Gray, List

Fiss. B. M. p. 50 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 148 ; Scl. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser.

2, xiii. p. 482 ; id. Si/n. Bucc. p. 2i ; id. P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 136,

I'Jfj ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 275 ; id. Monogr. Jac. and Pujf-bds. p. 161,

pi. Iv. fig. 1 ; Peh. Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 513 ; id. Orn. Bras.

p. 2> ; Cab. et Hein. Mas. Hein. iv. p. 124 ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.

1806, p. 192, 1867, pp. 58.3, 752, 1870, p. 781, 1873, pp. 186, 295 ;

lid. Nomencl. p. 106 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 44 (N.E. Peru) ; id.

Orn. Per. iii. p. 136 ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 63 (Brit. Guiana) ; W.

L. Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 318 (Brit. Guiana) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1880,

p. 309.
Chelidoptera albipennis, Bp. J.f. O. 185.3, p. 47; Scl. Ann. Kat.

Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 483 ; id. Si/n. Bucc. p. 24, t. iv. ; Cab. et Hein.

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 124.

Above bronzy black, rump white : beneath as above, upper part
of belly passing into cinereous ; lower belly chestnut ; flanks,
crissum, and under wing-coverts white ; bill black, feet brownish
black : whole length 5-7 inches, wing 4, tail 1"9, bill from gape 0'9.
Female similar.

Hab. Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia.

a. 2 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela {Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.

6. Ad. sk. Trinidad (?). Sclater Coll.

c, d. Ad. St. British Guiana. Sir R. Scbomburgk

[C.].

208

BPCCONIB^.

f,/. c? ? ad. sk.

g. 5 ad. sk.

h, i. S ? ad. sk.

k, I. 5 ad. sk.

m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.

o. 2 ad. sk.
2^. Ad. sk.
5'. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s, <. c? 5 ad. sk.
M. Ad. sk.
V, w. Ad. sk.
X. Ad. sk.
«/. c? ad. sk.
s. 2 ad. sk.
a, v. c? ? ad.
sk.

Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

( Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana

{Whitely).
Roraima, British Guiana

{Whitely).
Merume Mts., British Guiana

{Whitely).
British Guiana ( W. L. Sckder).
Maroni r., Surinam {C. Bart-

lett).
Oyapock, Cayenne {Jelshi).
Cayenne.
Cayenne.
Para ( Wallace).
Para {Layard).
Bio Negro ( Wallace).
Yquitos, Peru {TJ^iitely).
Yurimaguas, Peru (Bartlett).
Xeberos, Peru {Bartlett').
Xeberos, Peru {Bartlett).
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil

(H. H. Smith).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Chelidoptera brasiliensis.

Bucco tenebrosus, Licht. Douhl. p. 8.
Capito tenebrosus. Max. Beitr. iv. p. 372.
Brachypetes tenebrosa, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 334.
Lypornix tenebrosa, Swains. B. Brazil, t. 36.
Monasa tenebrosa, Burm. Syst. Ueh. ii. p. 294.
Chelidoptera brasiliensis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 275 ; id. M&noyr. Jac.
and Ptiff-bds. p. 165, pi. Iv. fig. 2 ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 100.

Similar to C. tenebrosa, but larger, breast more cinereous ; belly
lighter, more ochraceous.
Hah. S.E. Brazil.

a. Ad. St. S.E. Brazil.

h. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil {Forhes).

c. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes).

d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).

e. Ad. sk. Santa F6, Minas Geraes, Brazil

(Rogers).

f. Ad. sk. Bio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil

{Joi/ner).
q, h. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil.
'i. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil.

Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

M. Claussen [C.].

CUCULlDiE. 209

Suborder COCCYGES.

(See vol. xvi. page 2,)

Synopsis of the Families.

I. Oil-glaud nude; feet zygodactyle .... Cuculidae, p. 209.
II. Oil-gland tufted; feet somi-zygo-

dactylc Musophagidse, p. 435.

Family CUCULID^.

(By G. E. SHELLEY.)

Eeot zygodactyle.

Palate desmognathous.

Basipterygoid processes absent.

Hallux conucctcd with the flexor longus hallucis and not with
the flexor perforaiis digitorum, which 'eads to the second, third, and
fourth digits.

Tail-feathers ten (excepting Guira and Crotophaga, which have
eight only).

Pteri/hsis. Dorsal tract furcate between the shoulders. No
after-shaft to the feathers.

Caeca present.

Banging over the whole of the globe.

Keij to the Subfamilies.

a. Tail composed of ten feathers.

a'. Upper tail-coverts ordinary, not

reaching beyond the basal half of the

tail.

a". Wing long and flat, not fitting to

the body. Distance from the tip

of the wing to the tip of the

secondaries greater than the

length of either the culmen or the

tarsus 1. C'Z/C'C/Z/.V.^, p. 210.

b". Wing shorter and curved to fit the
body.
a'". Primaries extending distinctly
beyond the secondaries ; but
the distance from the tip of
the wiug to the tip of tlie
secondaries less than the length
of either the culmen or the
tarsus.

210 CTJCTTLIB^.

«^. Hiiid claw straight, Lark- [p. 331.

like 2. CENTROPODINjE,

bK Hiud claw cui-ved, ordinary.. 3. PHCENICOPHAIN^,^
h'". Primaries not extending beyond [p. 367.

the secondaries 4. NEOMORPHINM,

b'. Upper tail-coverts extremely long, [p. 414.

reaching beyond tlie basal half of [p. 423.

tbe tail nearly to its end •'i. DIPLOPrEPINJS,

b. Tail composed of only eight feathers . . 6. CROTOPHAGINM,

[p. 4i7.

Subfamily I. CUCULINJE.

Key to the Oenera.
a. M'ith a long crest ; nasal aperture a linear

oval ". . . . 1. COCCYSTES, p. 211.

I). Not crested.

d'. Bill moderate, never longer than the head
or the tarsus.
a". Bill broader than deep at nostrils. [p. 224.

a'". Nasal apertiu-e linear 2. Pachvcoccvx,

b'". Nasal aperture rounded 3. Callif.chthbds,

b". Bill nari'ower, not so wide as it is deep [p. 22''3.

at nostrils.
c'". Bill much more slender.

a*. Tail square or forked, with the
outer feather on each side short.
Genera] plumage black, with an
oblique white baud on the under
surface of the quills ; nostrils

rounded and swollen 4. Surnicullts, p. 22G.

b'. Tail nearly square, with the outer
feather on each side decidedly
short. Tail brown, with about
four complete blackish bars.
Style of plumage Accipitrine . . 5. Hierococcyx,
c'. Tail square, rounded, or evenly [p. 231,

graduated. Tail never brown,
crossed with complete black
bars,
a'. Nostrils round and pierced in a
swollen membrane,
a''. With no metallic colours in
the plumage. Sexes similar
in plumage.
a~. Tail fan-shaped.

a". Wings longer, reaching
beyond the tail-coverts.
Under surface of quills
barred 6. Cuctxltjs,* p. 240.

* Here will probably come 7. Cercococcyx, p. 265.

1 . rOCCYSTKS. 21 1

i^ Wings shorter, not reach-
ing to the ends uf the
tail - coverts. Under
surface of the wing
witli a single oblique

white bar 8. Cacomantis, p. 205.

IP. Tail square 9. Misocalius, j). 27!J.

U\ With the plumage brilliantly
uietalllc. iSexos often differ-
ing in plumage.
t' . Under surface of quills

havred 10. Chbyso coccyx,

(P. Under surface of quills [p, 280.

with a single oblique pale [p. "-l^,

bar 11. Chalcococcyx,

h\ Nostrils oval 12. Coccyzus, p. 302.

il" . Bill much stouter.

d\ Bill not so broad at base, less
compressed and less arched to-
wards the tip. Quills : 4th
longest or equal to ord, 2nd
shorter than the 5th, 1st shorter
than the 9th.
c\ Cuhnen more evenly curved
throughout. Tail more wedge-
shaped. Sexes similar 13. Urodynamls, ]>. 313.

(V. Culmen less curved for the
basal half. Tail less wedge-
shaped. Sexes dissimilar 14. Ei-dyxamls, p. 315.

(■'. Bill broader at the base, more
compressed and more arched.
Quills : 3rd longest, 2nd loiigor
than the 5th, Ist about equal

to <;th 15. MlCKODYNAMIS,

h . Bill very large and robust, longer than [p, 328.

the head and longer than the tarsus.
(■". Bill smooth, nearly half as long again

as the tarsus IG. Ehamphomantis,

d' . Bill very large, and with a lateral [p. 329.

groove on each side of the culmen,
and more than twice the length of
the tarsus 17. Scvthhops, p. 329.

1. COCCYSTES.

Type.
Coccystes, Gloyer, Handb. Xaturg. p. 203 (1842) .... C. glandarius.
O.Kylophus, Swains. Classif. li. ii. p. 322 (1837) C. cafer.

Range. Southorn Europe, Africa, and Tropical Asia.

Key to the Sjyecies.
a. Breast whitish.
a'. Wing-feathers -with large terminal spots. . (/liDidan'us, t^. 212.
0'. With no spots on the wing.
«". With a white collar, and the greater

portion of the wings rufous coromandus, p. 214.

p2

21 2 CUCTTLID^.

6". With no white collar and no rufous on
the wings.
a'" . Throat and breast nearly uniform,
a*. Smaller : wing not exceeding 6*4
inches.
«'. Throat and underparts uniform

bufly white jacobinus, p. 217.

b^. Throat and undei-parts tinted

with smoky grey hypopinarius, p. 220.

6*. Larger : wing 6- 7 inches, tall 8'9.
Throat with a few indistinct shaft-
stripes to the feathers caroli, p. 221.

b'". Throat very strongly streaked with

black cafer, p. 221.

b. Breast black like the rest of the plumage.

d', AVith no white on the tail serratm, p. 223.

e'. With a large white spot on the outer web

of the two lateral tail-feathers albonotatus, p. 224.

1. Coccystes glandarius.

The Great Spotted Cuckoo, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. ii. p. 57, pi. 57

Le Coucou d'Andalousie, Briss. Oni. iv. p. 126 (1760).

Ouculus glandarius, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 167 (1760) ; Temm. Fl.

CW. iii. pi. 414 (1826); Naum. Vog. Deutschl.\.^\. 130(lt<26);

Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 154(1831) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. pt. iii.

p. 294 (1835) ; Werner, Atlas Zygodactyles, SuppL pi. 2 ; Gould,

B. Eur. iii. pi. 241 (1837) ; Nordm. in Demid. T'oy. Buss, merid.

iii. p. 208 (1840) ; Schl. Bev. Crit. p. 51 (1844) ; Thompson, B.

Irel. i. p. 364 (1849) ; Kewits. Ibis, 1859, p. 76, pi. ii. figs. 1, 2;

Allen, Ibis, 1862, pp. 357, 358 ; Cochrane, IJns, 1863, p 361 ;

Chambers, Ibis, 1863, p. 474 ; Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 50 ; Smith,

Ibis, 1868, p. 448; Hartim/, Handb. Brit. B. p. 123 (1872);

Wright, Ibis, 1874, p. 232 ; Danfurd, Ibis, 1878, p. 7 ; Seebohm,

Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 386 (1884) ; Beichen. J.f. O. 1887, p. 58. ^
Coucou huppe noir et blanc, 3Iontb. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 362 (1779).
Pisan Cuckow, Lath. Gen. 8yn. i. pt. 2, p. 520 (1782).
Bee Cuckoo, Bruce, Trav. Abyss, v. App. p. 179 (1790).
Cuculus pisanus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 416 (1788).
Abyssinian Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppil. ii. p. 139 (1801).
Cuculus abyssinicus, Lath. hid. Orn. Suppl. p. xxxi (1801).
Cuculus melissophonus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 230

(1817) ; Bonn, et VieUl. Enc. Meth. p. 1334 (1823).
Coccyzus pisanus, Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1349 (1823);

Savign. Desc. Egypte, pi. iv. fig. 2 ; Audoiiin, E.vpl. Somm. p. 332

(1825) ; BoiLV, Orn. Froveng. pi. 68 (1826).
Coccystes pisanus, Savi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 154 (1827 j.
Coccyzus glandarius, Savi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 154 (1827) ; Biipp. Neue

Wirb., Vdg.-p.62 (1835).
Cucidus gracilis, Brehm, Viig. Deutschl. p. 154 (1831).
Cuculus macrurus, Brehm, t. c. p. 153.
Coccystes glandarius, Gloger, Handb. Vog. Eur. p. 451 (1834) ;

Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 34 (1840); Miihle, Beitr. Orn.
Griechenl. p. 29 (.1844); Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 48 (1856);

1. COCCYSTF.S. 213

Linderm. Vor/. Griechcnl. p. 39 (1860) ; Heugl. J. f. 0. 18G2,

p. 34 ; Cah. ^V Heine, Mas. Hein. Th. iv. p. 44 {"1803) ; Schl. Mug.

Poyi^-Bas, Ciiculi, p. 44 (1803); Ileufil J. f. O. 1804, p. 204;

GiiilioU, Ibis, 1805, p. 58; Ileiu/i. 6r». N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 780

(1870); a ray, llund-l. B. ii. p. 220, uo. 9000 (1870); Finsch

Sf llurtl. nUj. (htufr. p. 518 (1870) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 485 ;

id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 12 (1871) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 42

(1871); Guniey in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 225(1872); Shelley,

B. Eyypt, p. 102 (1872); id. S,- Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 280;

Sharpe, F. Z. S. 1873, p. 593; Antin. 4'- Salvad. Viayy. Boyos,

p. 48 (1873); Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 52; Dresser, B. Eur. v.

p. 219, pi. 300 (1874) ; Feichen. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 3 ; Krilper, J. f. O.

1873, p. 27 ; Gadoic, t. c. p. 401 ; Irlnj, B. Gibr. p. 09 (1875) ;

Bartlett, Ibis, 1876, pp. 91, 200; Blanf. East. Persia, W. t^. 120

(1876); Bocaqe, Orn.Anyola,-p. 145 (1877-78); Feichen. J.f. O.

1877, p. 10: Ayrcs, Ibis, 1879, p. 298; Neiot. ed. Tan: Brit. B.

ii. p. 408 (1881); Giylioli, Ibis, 1881, p. 191; Salvin, Cat. StricJcl.

Coll. p. 430 (1882) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 84 (1883) ; Tristr.

Faun. 4* Flor. Falest. p. 90 (1884) ; Sltarpe, Jouni. Linn. Soc. XTi.

p. 432 (1884) ; id. ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 157 (1884) ; Salvad.

Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 94 "(1884) ; Feid, Ibis, 1885,

p. 247; Bohn, J. f. 0. 1885, pp. 41, 56; Fisclier, t. c. p. 124;

Ayres, Ibis, 1886, p. 291 ; Giylioli, Avif. Ital. p. 210 (1880) ; Tait,

Ibis. 1887, p. 307 ; Sipnonds, t. c. p. 329 ; Feichen. J. f. O. 1887,

p. 58 ; Matsch. t. c. p." 140; Salvad. Elenc. Ucc. Ital. p. 72 (1887) ;

id. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) vi, p. 215 (1888) : Norman, Ibis,

1888, p. 397.
Oxyloplni.s plandarius, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. ^- K. Amer. p. 40

(1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 404 (1847) ; Blyth. Cat. B.Mus. As.

-Soc. p. 74 (1849); Bp. Comp. i. p. 102 (1850); Strichl. F. Z. S.

1850, p. 219; Brehm, Xau7n. 1855, p. 271 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 188 (1857) ; Jaub. ^- Barth.-Lapomm. Fich. Orn. p. 338 (1^59) ;

Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 316 ; Spehe, Ibis, 1860, p. 245 ; Hartl. J.f. O.

1861, p. 265 ; Heuyt. in Feterm. Mitth. 1861, p. 25 ; Gray, List Brit.

B. p. 118 (1863) ; Gould, B. Gt. Brit. iii. pi. 69 (1863) ; Allen, Ibis,

1864, p. 25 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 22 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 64 ;

Lilford, t. c. pp. 174, 187 ; Tristr. t. c. p. 281 ; Deyl. ^- Gerbe, Orn.

Eur. i. p. 164 (1867) ; Tat/lor, Ibis, 1867, p. 55 ; Frake, t. c. p. 425 ;

Loche, E.vpl. Sc. Alyer., Ois. ii. p. 74 (1867) ; Layard, B. S. Afr.

p. 251 (1867) ; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 54 (1869) ; Brake, Ibis,

1809, p. 152; Sfiunders,t. c. pp. 180, 401; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 66;

Frifsch, Vliy. Fur. p. 78, tab. xiii. fig. 12 (1871) ; Felz. Ibis, 1873,

p. 34 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, \m. p. 210 (1881) ;

Irby, Ibis, 1883, p. 179.
Cuculus pliaiopterus, Fiipp. in Mus, Luyd.,jide Bp. Consp. i. p. 102

(1850).

Adult male. Upper half of the head pale grey, with narrow
black shafts to the feathers ; remainder of the upper parts ashy
brown ; a well-marked and broad buff collar on the sides of the
neck ; all the wing-feathers with conspicuous white ends ; upper
tail-coverts often tipped witli white and with a large amount of
white on the outer ones ; tail-feathers tipped with white, more
broadly on the outer ones ; under surface white, shaded Avith buff
on the throat; under wing-coverts buff; quills brownish ashy,
with small white tips. Iris dark broAvn : bil dusky black.

214

CUCULIDJE.

yellowish a the base of the lower mandible ; legs leaden grey.
Total length 16 inches, ciilmen 1-2, wing 8-5, tail 8-8, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. Appears to resemble the male, but probably takes
a considerable time to gain the full plumage, as most of the adult
hen birds have a tinge of chestnut on the wing, though uot so
strongly developed as in the young birds. Total length 15-4
inches, culmen 1-2, wiug 7-7, tail 8-8, tarsus 1-2.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the upper half of
the head black, the greater portion of the quills chestnut, and the
throat darker and shaded with rufous.

Mab. Southern and Central Europe, as far east as Persia,
wintering in Africa.

a. cj ad. sk.

b. 2 ad. sk.
0, c? juv. sk.
d. S nd. sk.
f. 5 ad. sk.

/: d iid. sk.

ff, (S ad. sk.

h. Ad. sk.

i, k, I. (S ad. ; tn,

n, o. 2 ad. et

juv. sk.
p. d ad. sk.

fj. Ad. sk.
r. Juv. sk.

s. Juv. sk.

t. Ad. sk.

V. Ad. sk.

V. 2 juv. sk.
w. Ad. sk.

x-a'. cJ ad. ; d'-
e'. 2 ad.;/',^',
h'. Juv. sk.

i'-m'. cS ad.sk

«'. Skeleton.

Seville, Spain, May 13 {Ruiz).
Aranjuez, Spain, May.
Tangier (Favier).
Tangier, March 20 (G. E. S.).
Ain Moudijat, Algeria, June 5

(0. Salmi).
Baba Tekesei, A=ia Minor,

May 15 (T. Eohson).
Plain of Gennesareth.
Midiau.
Egypt, March (G. E. S.).

Jur Gattas, Upper White Nile,

Nov.
River Gambia.
Connor's Hill, Cape Coast,

Dec. {H. T. Ussher).
Accra, Feb. 12 (7". E. Buck-
ley).
Near Rustenberg, Eastern

Transvaal.
Modder River, Orange Free

State.
Bloemfonteiii, Jan. 5.
Kingwillianistown, British

Caffraria.
Otjimhinque, Damara-Land,

Dec, Jan., March (f. J.

A^xdersson).
Ondonpfa, Ovampo-Land, Nov. |

(C. J, Andersson). J

Sbarpe Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Gould Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Canon Tristram [C.J.
Sir R. Burton [P.].
Shelley Coll.

F. Bohndorff [C.].

Sbarpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

Shelley Coll.

F. A. Ban-att, Esq.

[C]
F. A. Barratt, Esq.

[C]
Dr. Exton [P.].
Major 11. Trevelyan

[P.].

Sharpe and Shelley
Colls.

Purchased.

2. Coccystes coromandus.

Le Coucou hupe de Coromandol, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 147, pi. xi. A. fig. 1

(17G0).
Cuculus coromandus, Linn. St/st. Nat. i. p. 171 (1766).
Coucou hupi>5 de Coromaudel, Dauhent. PL Enl. vi. pi. 274 (ex

Briss,).

1. COCCVSTES. 215

Le Coiifou liupi (^ i'l collier, Month. Jlixt. Nat. Ois. v. p. ."ISS (1779).

Collaicd Ciiilaiw, Lat/i. Gen. Sipi. i. pt. 2, p. 529 (1782).

I.o Coucou a collier blMic, Lemill. Ois. cVAfi: v. pi. 213 (1806) ;

Sundev. Krit. om Levaill. p. 47 (1858).
Cuciilus coUaris, Vicill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. viii. p. 299 (1817) ;

Bomi. et Vicill. Enc. Moth. p. 1.3;i.3 (1823).
Ciiciilus cordmandolicus, <S'. Mull. Naturl. Gcsch. Land- oi T'ulheni-.

p. 234, note (1839-44).
O.\ylo])lius coromandus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 272 (1840) ; Blyth,

J. A. 8. Ben;/, xi. p. 920 (1842) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 404 (1847) ;

Bhith, Cut. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 74 (1849) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 102

(1850); Lichf. Nomencl. Ar. Berol. p. 79 (1854); Motln/ <^

Dillw. Lahimn N. II. p. 55 (1855); Irby, Urn, 1801, p. 230;

Srlnt. P.Z.S. 1863, p. 209.
Oxyloplm.s coromandus vel rubrarmus, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit.

Mus., Pa.^sercs, pi. .'545. fign. 1, 2 (ao. 611) ; id. in Grays Zoo'..

Misc. p. 85 (1844).
Coccystes coromandus, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii

p. 093 (1854); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 459; Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 341 (1862) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 45 (1802) ; ScM.

Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuciili, p. 43(1803); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 304;

Swinh. his, 1867, p. 227; Bulr/cr, Ihis, 1809, p. 109; Gray,

Hand-l B. ii. p. 220, no. 906 (1870); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871,

p^ 394 ; Iloldsio. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 432 ; Hume, Nests ^- Ei/r/s Ind.

B. p. 138 (1873); Salrad. Vcc. Born. p. 67 (1874); Blyth ^■

Walden, B. Barm. p. 81 (1875) ; Hume, &tr. F. 1876, p. 82 ;

Bri'iqgem. Ahhandl. nnt. J'cr. Bremen, v. p. 465 (1876) ; David ^•

Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 71 (1877); Hume S,- Davis. Str. F. 1878,

p. 102 ; Shurpc, Ibis, 1878, p. 414 ; Tweedd. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 946 ;

Lec/fie, B. Ceylon, p. 249 (1879); Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 89;

Scu'lli/, t. c. p. 257 ; Wardlmv-Ramsay, App. Tweedd. Mem. p. 656

(1881) ; Simson, Ibis, 1882, p. 87; Salrin, Cat. StricJcl. Co//, p. 437

(1882) ; Miiller, J.f. O. 1882, p. 406 ; Blasius, J.f. 0. 1883, p. 155 ;
Oatcs, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 117 (1883) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 406 ; Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. ix. p. 29 (1880) ; Vorderm.
Nat. Tijdschr. Ncderl. Lid. xlvi. p. 10 (1886); Norman, Ibis,
1888, p. 400; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 12.

Adult male. Entire tipper half of the head black, strongly glossed
with blue on the crest ; across the back of the neck a clear white
collar ; back black, strongly glossed with greenish blue, and
passing into glossy olive-green on tlie scapulars and inner portion
of the wings ; remainder of the wings chestnut, with brown ends to
the c[uills ; tail glossy violet-black, most of the feathers, especially
the outer ones, partially tipped with white; throat ehestmit-buff ;
chest huffish white; flanks, abdomen, and thighs greyish ash,
passing into violet-black on the nnder tail-coverts ; under surface
of the wings chestnut, fading into hufl' towards the least coverts,
and into brown at the ends of the quills : " iris dark brown ; bill
black, with the pale basal portion of lower mandible light grey ;
legs, feet, and claws slaty blue " (J. Darlinfj). Total length 16
inches, culmen 1"1, wing 6-8, tail 10, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male, but smaller.
Total length 1-5 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 6-1. tail 9, tarsus 1.

216 cxjctjltd.t;.

Colonel Legge states that the female bird is larger than the male,
but this is not borne out by the series in the Museum.

Nestling. Differs from the adult in having most of the feathers
of the upper parts tipped with nifous, the collar being shaded with
rufous ; the tail-fearhers broadly tipped with pale sandy buff ;
the throat buflPy white like the chest, and the under tail-coverts
rufous-buff. Total length 13-S inches, wing G-3.

Hah. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, throughout the Burmese
countries to China, southwards throughout the Malayan Peninsula
to Java, Sumatra, the Philii^pines, Borneo, and Celebes.

I

\

a. S ad. sk.
/>. Ad. sk.

c, (S ad. sk.

(I. 2 ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk,
^. cJ ad. sk.
f/. Ad. sk.
'k. Ad. sk.
i, k. Ad. sk.
/, ni. Ad. sk.
n-p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

s, t. 2 ad. et S

imm. sk.
M. 2 ad. sk.

v-1/. Ad. et
imm. sk.
z. Ad.sk.
a'. 2 ad. sk.

b', </. Ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e. (S ad. sk.

f'-Ji'. Ad. et

imm. sk.

I'-t'. Ad. ; u'.

Imm. sk.

v'-z'. Ad. sk.

a", h". Ad. ; c",

Pull. sk.
d", e'. Ad. sk.
/". d ad. sk.

g". 6 ad. sk.
h", 2 ad. sk.

Tientsin, China {CcqA. Ince).
Amoy, China, May [R.

Stoinhoe).
Ningpo, China, May (i?.

Swinhoe).
Zamboauga, Mindanao, March

(A. Everett).
Labuan, Borneo (J. Motley).
Sarawak.

Banjermassing (J. Motley).
Singapore {Cctpt. Charlton).
^lalacca {l)r. Mainyay).
Malacca, July ( W. iJavi.son).
Penang {Dr. Cantor).
Cambodia {Moiihot).
Siam.

Kaukaryit, Tenasserim, June,

Aug. \j. Darling).
Meeta Myo, April 19 {W.

Davison).
Lower Pegu, May, Aug.,

Sept., Dec.
Thayetmyo (E. W. 0.).
Thayetmvo, Sept. 17 (7?. G.

W. JR.).
Tippera.
Dacca.
Sadhyia, Assam, June L^^

(J. Cochburn).
Darjiliug, April.

Sikhim, March, Juue, Aug.

to Dec. (L. Mandelh).
Native Sikhim, April, Mav,

July (i. Mandelli).
Nepal.

Nepal (B. H. Ilodysoii).
Godaverv, Nepal Valley,

Mayl9(J". »S'c«;/y).
Madras.
Kotagheny, Nilgliiris, Dec. •'i

(Miss Cochhurn).

Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm CoU.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Governor Ussbcr [C.].
Wallace Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
II. C. V. Hunter, Esq.

[P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Gates Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hodgson Coll.
(Type of C.rabrarmvf.)
India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

.

1. COCCYSTES. 2]';

z'''3^"fi 1 }>''cJiinopoly. Hume Coll.

k-n Ad sk. Ceylon (//. Nevill). Tweeddale CoU.

0 . ? ad. sk. Colunibo, Ceylou, Feb. 9 Hume Cull.

{Hart).

P . 2 ad. sk. Ragaiii Kovale, Ceylon, Dec. Hume Coll

„ '■'>(), l^7H (Hart),

q . ? ad. 8k. Manaar, Ceylon, March ( W. Seebolim Coll.

, / . Leff //(■).

t". Sternum. Pegu. Gates Coll.

3. Coccystes jacobinus.

Coucou hupt^ de la cote de Coromandel, JDaubent. PI. Enl vi dI 87^
(nee JJnss.). ' • i • ■-'

•^^'^J^" li"PP« ^^e Coromandel, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. Vi. p. .380

Coromandel Crested Cuckoo, Lath. Gen. Sm. i. pt. 2, p G^O n78'>)
Cucu us jacobmus, Bodd. Tahl. PL Enl. p. 53 (1783) "
Uiculus melanoleucus, &'?«. 8yst. Nat. i. p. 410(1788)
Le Coucou Edolio femelle, Levaill. Ois. Afr. y. p]. 208(1800)-
-Si/we/^T. Ant. om Levaill. p. 47 (1857) ^ ^ '

Cuculus serratus $, -SYey,/,. 6-V«. ifoo/. ix. p. 114, pi. 23 (1815)

!?. r/^ 584|'p.?21 ^''^"^ ^"''"- ' I"-^^^ (1817); V/',
Oiiculus ^ica Ifempr. .f Mr. S,jml>. Phys. fol. 2, note (1828)
Uxyloplius edohus, Jerd. Mad,: Journ. xi. p. 222 (1840)

'pf^Sl^^SJTunS'^^- ''"^- '"''■ - ^'•^^- ^--^ ^--^,
Oxylophus serratoides, ITof/ys. m C'rrr//'*' Zool. 3L-sc. p. 8r, (1844)

(184^6); td. Gen. B. u. p. 4U4 (1847); Peic/wn. J. f. 0.1887,

Oxylophus melanoleucus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Hoc. p. 74 (1847) •

Ayres, Ihis, 18. 1 , p. 201 ; Hume, Sfr. F. 1876, p. 81 ! ^ ^ '
Oxylophus serratus [nee Sjmrrm.), Striekl. P. Z S. 1850, p. -no •

P 8-'ilS4^ ^P-^-^/'-- p. -'07 (1857); .l«^,k Cat. d^s};. Ucc.

p. b2 ( 1804) ; Bocaye, Joni. Lisb. u. p. 40 (1868)
Coccystes melanoleucus, Hortf.J^ Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.L Co. ii.

p. 0J4 (lb5b) ; Jerd. B. Ltd. u. p. 339 (1802) ; id, Lbis, 1872,

Coccyzus leucomelas a melanoleucus, C. color, Brehm,Ally. Nafur
^'■itschr. \Sijb,^.AnQ [teste Hem/l). ' ''

Coccystes jacobinus. Cab. ^- Heine,' 3L,s. Hein. iv. i). 45 (1802) • Srhl
n^^QOPO^n^m' '^"'i^"/!' 1^- ^-^ (^^^-^^ ' ^''■^'^' ^««^W. /V: ii; p. 2-'o

i?;V"l87s' ,fr"-V ^Jf '^' ^'"' ^"^- ^' P- 13' (1873); id.
n • "^^ ,Po--f ' ^■^"''''- ^^' ^^''^'•«'^- ^ '".W- ^^'^5, p 49 (1873) • Bacldeu

JJ «W. /V._^..;v«. p. 81 (1875) ; Fairb. Sir. F 1876, p. 255 ; H J

p._-i /,,/rtv, <. c. 1^32/ ; Bocaye, Om. Anyola, p. 140 (1877-81) •
If ard/aw Pa>nsay, Ib>s, 1877, p. 450; Davids, k' JVenden, 'str.F.

218 CUCULIDJ3.

1878, p. 79 ; Sutler, t. c. p. 181 ; Ball, op. cit. 1878, p. 207 ;

Cripps, t. c. p. 2G5; Lec/e/e, B. Ceylon, p. 24G (1879); Hume, Str.

F. 1879, p. 89; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 50 ; Gurnet/, t. c. p. 128 ;

Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 165 ; Hobib ^- Von Feb. Beitr. Orn. ,S. Afr.

p. 165 (1882) ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 436 (1882) ; Butler,

Feilden, Sf Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 227 ; Oates, B. Brit. Bnrm. ii.

p. 118 (1883) ; Barker, Ibis, 1883, p. 197 ; Sfiarpe, ed. Bayard's B.

S. Afr. pp. 158, 810 (1884) ; S'winli. Ibis, 1885, p. 63 ; Symonds,

Ibis, 1887, p. 329 ; Norman, Ibis, 1888, p. 402.
Oxylophus jacobinus, Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1856, p. 321 ; Heuql.

Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. pp. 788, clxiii (1870) ; BUtnf. Geol. S, Zool.

Abyss, p. 313 (1870) ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 4G5 ; Fimch, Trans. Zool.

Soc. vii. p. 286 (1870) ; Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 225

(1872); Blanf. Ibis, 1872, p. 86; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver.

Bremen, vii. p. 1 14 (1881).
Coccystes pica, Cab. 8j- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 46 (1862) ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 220, no. 9065 (1870) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 237 ;

Fischer ^ Reichen. J. f. O. 1879, p. 342 ; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ.
Genov. (2) i. p. 95 (1884) ; Matsch. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 140.
Coccystes serratus {nee Sparrm.), Gadow, J.f. O. 1876, p. 401.

Adult male. Above black, glossed with green ; about ouc quarter
of the basal portion of the primaries white, forming a broad band
halfway across the wing ; tail-feathers with white ends, broadest
on the outer ones : beneath white, generally washed with buff and
with a dusky shade near the back of the thigh-coverts ; the dusky
bases of the feathers often showing through, and faintly-developed
shaft-stripes on the throat being sometimes visible ; under wing-
coverts buff, the lower series dusky black : " iris dark brown ; bill
black ; legs plumbeous brown " (Butler). Total length 12'8 inches,
culmcn 0"9, wing 6, tail 7"2, tarsus l-l.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 12'75 inches,
wing 5-8, tail O'TS, tarsus 1.

Nestling. Above brown, slightly darker on the crown, and more
ashy on the forehead ; wings with a few of the feathers broadly
tipped with buff, and with no white base to the quills; tail brown,
passing into buff on the outer feathers ; sides of the head brown ;
throat grey, shading into buff on the remainder of the underparts :
bill and legs yellow. Total length 6*8 inches, wing '3-2.

Full-grown young. Very similar in plumage to the nestling, but
with the pale bases to the primaries as in the adult, but fulvcscent
in colour : all the tail-feathers with fulvous tips, broadest towards
the outer ones ; the grey of the throat is more restricted to the
region of the chin : bill and legs darker, the upper mandible and
legs brown. Total length 10'7 inches, wing 5-5.

Indian specimens of C. jacobinus arc precisely similar to African,
The wing in both sexes varies from 5'4 to G inches in Indian
examples, the Ceylonese birds being rather smaller than those from
the Indian Peninsula. In two instances the wing is 6-1 inches in
length, but the sex is not marked in either case. African birds
have similar dimensions, the largest specimen being from Biballa
with a wing of 6"3 inches.

]. COCCYSTES.

219

Hah. The whole of Africa south of the Sahara ; India generally
and Ceylon to the Burmese eountries.

Dakar, Senegal {A. Marche). Mons. A. Jjouvier

[P.].
Waliko, Bogos-Land, July 21. AV. T. Blanford, Esq.

Wali]<o,_Aiig. 3 (jr. /m-e).
Kilimanjaro, Jan. 24.

a. Ad. sk.

h. S ad. sk.

v. $ ad. sk.
d f. Ad. sk.

ff, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

k, I, 7)1. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
2), q. Ad. et juv.

sk.
r, s. Ad. .sk.

Mombasa.

Mombasa ( Wakefield).

Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk).
J)ar-es-Salaam {E. C. Buxton).
Pangani River {Sir J, Kirk).
Tete, Zambesi.

Tweeddalu Coll.

F. J. Jackson, Esq.

[P.].

Rev. A. Buxton [P.].
R. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

[P.].
Shellev Coll.
SbelleV Coll.
Sbellev Coll.
Sir J. "Kirk [C.].

Makalaka Country {Dr. BrmJ- Shelley Coll.
,shaw).

<,M,?;. Ad. et juv. Biballa, Mossamedes (.7. An- Sharpe Coll.

sk. chief n).

n: J ad. sk. 1 1 umbo, Nov. {J. Ancltieta). Shelley Coll.

.r, y. Ad. sk. Daniara-Land, Dec. 2S {€. J. Sbarpe CoU.

Andersson).

Lake Ngami. Seebohm Coll.

South Africa. Sir A. Smith [C.].

Colombo, Ceylon, March 12. Colonel Legge [P.].

Colombo, Dec. 28 {Hart). Plume Coll.

Ceylon, November. Tweeddale CoU.

z. Ad. sk.
«'. Ad. St.
b'. $ ad. sk.
c'. S ad. sk.
d'-i'. Ad; k'

Imm. sk.
t. $ ad. sk.

Rameswaren Island, March 17 Hume Coll.

{A. 0. II).
m'. S ad. sk. Coonoor, Nilghiris, Aug. 23 Tweeddale Coll.

{R. G. IF. i?.)
«'. c? ad. sk. Kollar, [Mysore, April 13 {li. G. Tweeddale Coll.

IV. It.)
o . c? ad. sk. Muddur, Mysore, May 22 Hume Coll.

{W. Davison),
p'. S ad. sk. Belgaum, Aug. 25 {E. A. Hume Coll.

Butler).
q'. Ad. sk. Madras, April {W. Davison). Hume Coll.

r'. .\d. sk. Madras (r. t'.J"mfo?0. Gould Coll.

n'. Ad. sk. Deccan {Sijkes). India Museum.

t', n. c? imm. Ahmednuggur, Oct., Nov. {S. Tweeddale Coll.

sk. B. Fairbank).

V . Ad. sk. [Matheran, Nov. Hume Coll.

ic',:v'. Ad.sk. Khandeish. Tweeddale Coll.

y',~'- c?$ad. sk. Khandoish, June, July (/. Hume Coll.

Davidson),
a". (S ad. sk. Mhow, Oct. G.

b" . Ad. sk. Kattiawar, June 11.

c''. Ad. sk.
d''. Imm. sk.
&'. Ad. sk.

Sindh.

Sindh {U. Guuld).

Deesa.

Colonel Swinboe[P."'.
Colonel Haves Llovd

[P.]. •
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Colonel Butler [C.].

220

/''. c? fid. sl<.

il", h". S 2 ad.

sk.
i" , k" . Imm. sk.

I". 5 ad. sk.
«j". Ad. sk.
^n''. Ad. sk.
o",p". 6 $ ad.

sk.
q",r", s". Ad. sk.
^", u",v". Ad. sk.
?«",a;",y",K",«^

Ad. sk.
¥, c\ Ad. sk.
d\ e\f. Ad. sk.
9^. S ad. sk.
■/;■', i^. Ad. sk.
k^. Juv. sk.
/% ?/i^. Ad. sk.

M^, o'. c? ad. ; p-'.

S juv. sk.
3'''. Ad. sk.
r\ 5 ad. ; s\

Pull. sk.
<3. Ad. sk.
u^. Ad. sk.
v^. Ad. ; iv'^. Jut.

Anadra, Mt. Aboo, July 5

(G. Km;/).
Sambhur, Aug., Sept. (i?. M.

Adani).
Sultanpur, Gurgaon {W. N.

Chill).
Umbala.

Lahore (C. II. T. Marshall).
Murree.
Simla, July, Sept. (i?. C.

Bectvcm).
Simla, July.
Masuri.
Dehra Dboou.

Naini Tal, Sept.

Kumaon (Sfrachei/).

Almora, Aug. 13."

Nepal.

Etawab.

Mogulserai, Oudli, Jan., Nov.

( W. E. Brooks).
Fiittebgurh Distr., July, Aug.

{A. Andei'son) .
Saugor (Hooper).
Saugor, Jiily.

Jhansie, Aug.
Calcutta, Jan.
Dacca.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Seebobm Coll.
Sbarpe Coll.
Colonel Way [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Seebobm Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

x^, if. (S $ ad. Sbillong, Assam {J. Cockbnrn). Hume Coll.

f . c7 ad. sk. Siong, Khasia Hills, Aug. Tweeddale Coll.

(A. W. Chennell).

a*. Juv. sk. Dilkusba, Cacbar (J. Inglis). Hume Coll.

¥. $ ad. sk. Mauipur, Mav 2.3 {A. O. H.). Hume Coll.

c\ J ad. ; d\ c\ Tbayetmvo, "Sept. (li. G. Tweeddale Coll.

5 ad. sk. W. B.).

/». Ad. sk. Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[0.].

(/S /''■ J $ad..«k. Palow and J3oulay, Upper Peg-u, Gates Coll.

May, Aug. (B. W. O.).

. Subsp. o. Coccystes hypopinarius, (Plate XI. fig. 2,)

Coccvstes bypopinarius, Cah. S)' Heine, Mtts. Hein. Tb. iv. p. 47

(1862) ; Norman, Bjis, 1888, p. 406.
Coccystes jacobinus (??ee Bodd.), Barratt. Ibis, 1876, p. 200; Ayres,

Ibis, 1876, p. 432, 1877, p. 342; Eeich'en. J.j. O. 1877, p. 16."

Adult. Similar to C jacohimis, but differs in having a dull asby-
grey shade on the throat, breast, and abdomen, the throat having
also some dusky streaks. Total length 12'7 inches, culraen 0*8,
wing 6'2, tail 7*2, tarsus 1-1.

The length of wing varies from 5-8 to 6*2 inches.

1. COCCT8TE8. 221

Hah. This is a grey-chested race of 0. jacobinus which occurs in
South-eastern Africa, extending, according to Dr, Reichcnow, to the
Loaugo coast in South-western Africa.

«. Ad. sk. S.E. Africa. Seebohm Coll.

b. S ad. sk. Inland's Post, S.E. Africa ( 7'. C. Sharpe Coll.

At more).

c, d. Ad. sk. Durban, Natal {J. Gordge). Shelley Coll.
e,f. Ad. .sk. Natal ('/'. Atjre.'^. Sharps CoU.
tj. 2 juv. sk. Natal, March 20 ( W. Arnold). Seebohm Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Pretoria (,7; Pratt). Seebohm Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Between I'retoria and Rusteu- F. A. Barratt, Esq.

berg. [P.].

/.-. Ad. sk. Transvaal (7'. Ay res). Sliarpe Coll.

I, m. cJ ? ad. sk. Transvaal, Nov. ( T. E. Buck- Shelloy Coll.

le,,).

n. Ad. sk. Potcheiatrooui. F. A. Barratt, Esq.

[P.].

Subsp. /5. Coccystes caroli. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)
Coccystes caroli, Norman, Ibis, 1888, p. 407.

Adidt. Similar to 0. jacobinus, but diiferiug in its larger size and
in the dusky streaks on the throat. Total length 14 inches, cul-
meu 1, wing (3-7, tail S-'J, tarsus I'lo.

Hub. Ugowe Eiver, Gaboon.

(t. Ad. sk. Ogowe Eiver. H. T. Ansell, Esq. (Type of

C. caroli.)

4. Coccystes cafer.

Cuculus cater, Licht. Cat. rer. nat. Ilamb. p. 14 (1793).

Variete du Coucou Edolio, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 44, pi. :^0'J

(I80(i) ; Sundev. Krit. cm Levaill. p. 47 (18-37).
Cuculus afer. Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 72, pi. 31 (1814): Steph. Gen.

Zool. ix. p. 115, pi. 24 (1815).
Coccyzus levaillautii, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2ud series, i. pi. 13

(1829).
CuciUus levaillantii. Less. Traite, p. 148 (1831).
U.xylophus vaillantii, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 182 (1837).
Oxylophus ater {nee Gm.), Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 96 (1845) ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 102 (1850) ; Hartl. Orn. West-Afr. p. 188 (1857).
O.Yylophus afer, Gruy, Gen. B. ii. p. 404 (1847j ; Heuyl. Syst. Uebers,

p. 48 (1850) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 253 (1807 j ; Ueuyl. Orn.

N.O.-Afr.W. p. 790 (1870); Blanf. Geol. ^- Zool. Abyss, p. 312

(1870; ; Fi7isch, Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 285 (1870) ; Marti.

Abhandl. nat. J 'er. Bremen, vii. p. 210 (1881); Bo/un, J. f. O,

1883, p. 100, 1885, p. 41 ; Schalow, J.f. 0. 1880, p. 417.
Oxylophus levaillanti, Licht. Nomeiwl. Av. Berol. p. 78 (1854).
Coccystes afer, tab. ^- Heine, Mas. Hein. Th. iv. p. 48 (1802) ; Schl,

Mus. Pays-Bas, Cucidi, p. 44 (1864) ; Antin. ^- Salvctd. Viagg.

Bogos, p. 49 (1878) ; Reichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 3 ; Bocaye, Orn.

Angola, App. p. 542 (1881).
Coccystes cater, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 58; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii.

222 CTTCTTLIB.^;.

p. 220, no. 9086 (1870) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 10 (1871) ; Shelky,
8) Buckleij, Ibis, 1872, p. 285 ; Us'sher, Ibis, 1874, p. 53 ; Ayves,
Ibis, 1884, p. 224 ; Salved. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 95
(1884) ; Shmye, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 158, 810 (1884) ; id.
Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 43-3 (1884) ; Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mus.
Tii. p. 225 (1885) ; Norman, Ibis, 1888, p. 407.
Oxylophus cafer, Gurney in Anderss. B. JDam.-Ld. p. 225 (1872).

Adult male. Above glossy black ; -wing-coverts like the back ;
primaries brown, with a large patch of white at the base ; taU-
feathers like the back, with broad white ends ; crown of head with
the occipital crest a little darker than the back ; sides of the face
like the back ; remainder of under surface of body white, slightly
tinged with buff, the sides of the neck, throat, and chest streaked
with black, diminishing in breadth on the chest ; a few streaks
sometimes to be seen on the thighs ; under wing-coverts buffj-
white, the lower series blackish ; asillaries ashy ; bUl black ; feet
brownish grey ; iris dark brown. Total length ] 5*5 inches, ciilmen
1-2, wing 7"3, tail 10, tarsus 1*15.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 15 inches,
culmen 1-2, wing G-8, tail 8-5, tarsus 1*2.

The black stripes on the throat and breast vary considerably in
extent in different individuals, but these variations are not coinci-
dent with a difference in locality.

Young. Brown above, shaded with violet, and mottled with some
greenish-black feathers ; tail decidedly more violet, and having
only the two outer tail-feathers tipped with white ; under surface of
body whitish, washed with brown on the throat, thighs, aiid under
tail-covcrts ; the dark centres to the feathers of the throat very
irregularly indicated : bill and feet browner. Total length 13
inches, wing 6.

Hub. West Africa from Senegambia to the Gold Coost : North-
east Africa from Bogos-Land touth to the Niam-Niam country, and
throughout East Africa to the Zambesi, and from thence southward
to Natal and westward into Damara-Land.

a~d. Ad. sk. River Gambia.

e. Ad. St. River Gambia. Governor Rendall[P.].

/. Ad. sk. R. Gambia (Sir A. Moloimj). Shelley Coll.

g, k, i. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Seebohm CoU.

k, I. Ad. sk. Fantee (if. T. Ussker). Sharpe Coll.

m, n. Ad. ; o, p. Fantee. A. Swanzy, Esq. [P.].

Juv. sk.

q. Juv. sk. Fantee (Kirby). Shelley Coll.

r, s, t. Ad. sk. Dciikera, Jan., Dec. (H. F. Sharpe Coll.

M, V. Ad. sk. Near Accra, Feb., April {G. E. Shelley Coll.

S.).
w, X, y. r? ad. ; Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Tweeddale Coll.

z. Juv.sk. %l&xch,lso\.(C.J.Andersson).

a', b'. $ ad. sk. Weenen, Natal, March 2 ( W. Seebohm Coll.

Arnold).
«'. Juv. St. S.E. Africa. Sir A. Smith [C.].

d'.

S ad. sk.

e .

2 ad. sk.

f,

y', A.d. sk.

h'

Ad. sk.

k'. Ad. sk.
S ad. sk.

m
r'

. Ad. sk.

-q'. Ad. sk

cJ ad. sk.

1 . COCCTSTES. 223

Lydenburg, E. Transvaal, Juae Shelley Coll.

{J. flordge).

Tali, Matabele-Land, Oct. 17 W. E. & C. G. Gates,

(F. Gates). Esqrs. [P.].

Makalaka Country {Dr. Brad- Shelley Coll.

shaio).

Dar-es-Salaam, Zanzibar {Sir Shelley Coll.

J. Kirk).

Usambara Hills {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

Senimio, Niam-Niam Country, F. Bohndorfi [C.].

Feb.

Fazog-lu, Abyssinia. Seebohm Coll.
Bogos-Land, Aug. {W. Jesse).

Anseba VaUey, July. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].

5. Coccystes serratus.

Crested Black Cuckow, Lat/i. Gen. Si/u. i. pt. 2, p. 519 (1782).
Cuculus serratus, Sparrm. Mas. Carls, i. pi. iii. (17S9) ; Sundev. Krit.

om Spurrm. p. 4 (1857) ; Grill, Zool. Antekn. p. 43 (18.59).
Cuculiis ater, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 415 (1788) ; Walden, Ibis, 18G9,

p. 336.
Le Coucou Edolio, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 39, pi. 207 (1806) ;

Sundev. Krit. om Levaill. p. 47 (1857).
Cuculus edolius, Cuv. Reyne Anim. i. p. 425 (1817) ; Less. Traite,

p. 148 (1831).
Oxylophus edolius. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 322 (1837) ; Layard, B,

S.Afr.^. 252(1867).
Oxylophus serratus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4G4 (1847) ; Blijth, Cat. B.

Mus. As. Sue. p. 74 (1849) ; Bjj. Cornp. i. p. 102 (1850) ; Licltt.

Nomencl. Av. Berol. p. 78 (1854); Hartl. Om. West-Afr. p. 267

(1857) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1869, p. 246 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 297 ; Gitrney,

in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 226 (1872) ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 25.
Coccystes serratus, Cab. S) Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 47 (1862);

Sold. Mus. Fays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 45 (1863) : Gray, Ifand-l. B. ii.

p. 220, no. 9064 (1870) ; Skarpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 13 (1871) ; /(/.

Ibis, 1872, p. 68 ; id. F. Z. S. 1873, p. 599 ; Layard, F. Z. S.

1877, p. 465 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1878, p. 408 ; Skarpe, ed. Layard's B.

S. Afr. pp. 160, 810 (1884) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1885, p. 344 ; Norman,

Ibis', 1888, p. 409.

Adult male. Above and below black, glossed with green ; about
the basal fourth of the primaries white, forming a broad baud half
way across the wing : iris, bill, and legs black. Total length 13
inches, culmen I'l, wing 6-2, tail 7'3, tarsus 1-1.

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 13
inches, culmen 14, wing G, tail 7*8, tarsus 1*1.

Hab. South Africa from the Cape Colony to Natal and the
Transvaal.

a. Ad. sk. South Africa {E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

b. Ad. sk. South .Africa. Seebohm Coll.

r. Ad. sk. South Africa. Earl of Derby [P.].

224 CTTCrLTD.^.

<Z. Ad. sk. EleLni's Vost {T. Atmore). Sharpe Coll.

e. Iinm. sk. Grahamstown, Feb. ( T. Sharpe Coll.

Atmore).

f. Ad. sk. Kingwilliamsto-mi. Major Trevelyan [P.].
(/, h. S ad. ; i. Weenen, Natal, Feb., April Seebohni Coll.

$ ad.sk. [W.ArnoM).

h, I. d 2 ad. sk. Weenen (J. Gordge). Shelley Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Durban {Gordge). Shelley Coll.

n. S ad. sk. Transvaal {T. Ay res). Sharpe Coll.

(3. Coccystes albonotatus.

Coccvstes serratus {nee Sparrm.), Cab. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 237 ; Fischer
8i Beiche7i. J. f. O. 1878, p. 253 ; Fischer, t. c. p. 291.

Coccystes albonotatus, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 594; Gurney, Ibis,
1882, p. 73; Fischer, J. f. O. 1885, p. 124 ; Norman, Ibis, 1888,
p. 409.

Adult (type of species). Very similar to C. serraius, but larger,
tmd further differs in having a large white spot on the outer webs
of the two pairs of outer tail-feathers, and sometimes, as in the type
specimen, the under tail-coverts are broadly tipped with white.
Total length 14-8 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-5, tail 9, tarsus 1-15.

A specimen from Mombasa measures : — Total length l(J-4 inches,
culmen 1-2, wing 6'3, tail 'J-2, tarsus 1-1.

H((b. E. Africa from the Usambara Hills to Mombasa.

«. Ad. sk. Mombasa. Rev. A. F. Buxton [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Usambara Hills (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

(Type of species.)

2. PACHYCOCCYX. ^^^^

Pachycoccyx, Cab. J. f. O. 1882, p. 230 P. v'alidus.

Range. Tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Key to the Species.

a. Larger ; with no grey on the head nor sides of neck . audeberti, p. 224.

b. Smaller ; with the head and sides of neck grey .... validits, p. 225.

1. Pachycoccyx audeberti.

Cuculus audeberti, Schl. Nofes Lci/den Mm. 1879, p. 09; 3Iilru:-Fdw.
^- Grand. Hist. Madag., Ois. i. p. 178, pis. 66 a, 66 h (1879) ;
Reichen. 4'- Schalow, J. f. O. 1879, p. 427.

Adult (type of species). Above brown, with a slight greenish
gloss ; priniary-coverts, greater coverts, and quills with their ends
margined with white ; tail-feathers with a terminal blackish band,
tipped with white and preceded by patches of white on their outer webs ;
under surface of body white, with the cheeks and under wing-coverts

3. CALLIECHTHRU3. 225

tinged with rufous-buff : under tail-coverts with a broad black band
across each feather ; bill black ; iris black ; feet yellow. Total
length 16-2 inches, culmen 1, wing 9, tail 8-6, tarsus 0-9. {Milne-
Edwards 4' (rraiididier.)
Hah, Madagascar.

2. Pachycoccyx validus.

Cuculus validus, Iteichen. Oni. Ctntmlhl. 1879, p. 139; id. Sf Schahio
J. f. O. 1879, p. 313 ; Finrher ^- Iteichen. t. c. p. 341.

PachVcoccvx validus, Cah. J. f. O. 1882, p. 2.30; Fischer, J. f. O.
188.5, p.' 124 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 42.

Coccystes brazzoe, Ousf. Le Naturaliste, iii. p. 299 (1886) ; Norman,
Ibis, 1888, p. 407.

Adult (tyi>e of Coeajstes brazzn. Oust.). Above brownish black
with a greenish-blue gloss, the white bases of the feathers showing
through on the nape and back of the neck ; the lateral upper tail-
coverts notched or partially barred with white ; the ends of all but
the two centre tail-feathers white ; tail beneath with a broad sub-
terminal bar and about three partial bars on a dusky silvery ground ;
under surface of the body white, with a dusky shade on the sides of
the breast ; under tail -coverts with three broad, nearly perfect, bars ;
under wing-coverts white ; under surface of the quills dusky silvery
grey, inclining to white towards the base of the inner webs ; nostrils
linear and horizontal : bill broad and black, with the base of the
upper and most of the lower mandible yeUow ; cere, eyelids, and feet
yellow {J. Be Brazza). Total length 13 inches, culmen 0-9, -jving
8-4, tail 8-3, tarsus 0'-85.

Hah. From the interior of Gaboon to Equatorial Africa, and
East Africa.

a. Tull. sk. Gaboon. P. B. DuChalllu, Esq. [C.].

b. 9 juv. sk. Tingasi, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].

Auff. 2, 1883.

3. CALLIECHTHRUS. ,,.

Type.
Simotes, Bli/th, Journ. As. Soc. xv. p. 19 (1846, nee

Fischer, 1829, Mamni.) C. leucolophus.

Callieclitlnus, Cab. Si- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 31, note

(lyG2) C. leucolophus.

Range. New Guinea ; Salwati ; Waigiou ; Mysol.
1. Calliechthrus leucolophus.

Cuculus leucolophus, S. Miill. I'erh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 22 (1839-
44) ; Schl. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 204, pi. iii. fig. 33 (1857) ; Grai/,
P. Z. S. 18(38. p. l'J."i; id. Cat. Mamm. etc. Neiv Guinea, pp.44, 60
(18o9) ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 ; Scfd. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi,
p. 16 (18(54) ; Grail, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 216, no. 9012 (1870) ; Bec-
cari, Ann. Mus, Civic. Getiov. vii. p. 715 (1875) ; id. Ibis, 1876,
p. 253.
VOL. XIX. a

226 cucuLiD^.

Simotes albi vertex, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xv. pp. 15, 283 (1846) ;

id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 75 (1849).
Cuculus albivertex, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 2-3 (1849).
Simotes leucolophus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. xix (1852).
Hierococcyx leiicolophus, <S^. MilU. Verh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 233,

note (1839-44) ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 104 (18-50) ; id. Consp. Volucr.

Zyyod. p. 7 (1854) ; Sd. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. ii. p. 166 (18-58) ;

Eosenh. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 229 (1863) ; id.

J. f. O. 1864, p. 117!
Calliechthrus leucoloplius, Cab. ^' Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. .31, note

(1862) ; Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torin. xiii. p. 313 (1878) ; id. Ann.

Mus. Civic. Genov. xiii. p. 461 (1878) ; D^ Albert. ^- Salvad. op. cit.

xiv. p. 43 (1879) ; Salvad. Oni. Papuasia etc. i. p. 358 (1880) ;

Sharpe in GonhTs B. Neiv Guinea, iv. pi. 42 (1887).
EudjTiamis leucolophus, Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 159 (1865).

Adult male. Black with a strong greenish-blue gloss, a broad
taedian band of white along the crown and nape ; tail-feathers
black, narrowly tipped with white ; breast duller black, tinged with
grey, the throat, flanks, and under tail-coverts strongly washed with
a greenish-blue gloss. Total length 11"5 inches, culmen 1-1, wing
6'5, tail o'S, tarsus O'So.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male ; "bill, legs, and
feet black ; iris brown " {H. 0. Forbes). Total length 12-6 inches,
culmen 1-3, wing 6*7, tail 6-8, tarsus 0-85.

Immature birds have some remains of white barring on the chest
and have the under wing-coverts slightly barred with white.

Hab. The same as that of the genus.

New Guinea. Wallace Coll.

Astrolabe Mts., S.E. New A. Goldie [C.].

Guinea.

Sogere district, Astrolabe Mts. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [C.].

East Cape, S.E. New Guinea. K. Hunstein [C.].

4. SURNICULUS.

Tjpe.

Surniculus, Less. Trade Orn. p. 151 (1831) S. lugubris.

Pseudornis, Hodys. J. A. S. Beng. viii. p. 136 (1839) . . S. lugubris.
Cacangelus, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 17 (1862) . . S. lugubris.

Ranr/e. Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula, extending eastward
through the Burmese countries to South China, and south through
the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippine
Islands, and Batchian in the Moluccas.

Key to the Species.

Crown aud entire back with a strong greenish-
blue gloss. Underparts more dusky and less
glossed ; adults uniform ; young spotted with
white luyubris, p. 227.

ft.

Juv

sk

b.

Ad.

sk.

c.

Ad.

; d.

Juv

sk.

e.

Ad.

sk.

4. SURNICUL08. 227

b. Head, neck, back, and uiiderparts velvety
black, with scarcely any gloss.

«'. Tail forked. Wing 5-5 inches muschenbroeki, p. 230.

b'. Tail not forked. Wing -47 velutiiius, p. 2:M).

1 . Surniculus lugubris.

Cucidus lugubris, Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1820) ; id. Zool.

Ren. Java, pi. 58 (1824); S. MM. Verh. Land- en Volk. p. 178

(1839-44); Less. Traite Orn. p. lol (1831) ; id. in Belany. Voij.

Ind. Orient, p. 231 (1834); Bhjth, J. A. S. Benrj. 1842, p. 916;

Bp. Consp. i. p. 10.) (18.10) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cucnli, p. 28

(1804) ; Felz. Novara Iteis., Viiff. p. 104 (1865) ; Gray, Hnnd-l. B.

ii. p. 219, no. 90o2 (1870).
Cuculus albopunctulatus, Drap. Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 570

(1823).
Cuculus albopimctatus, Horsf. Zool. Res. Java, pi. — (1824).
Pseudornis dicruroides, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres,

pi. 353. no. 502 ; id. J. A. S. Beng. 1839, p. 136 ; id. in Gray's

Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^ B. Nepal pres. Hodgs.

p. 119 (1846).
Pseudornis lugubris, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. 1839, p. 137.
Cuculus dicruroides, Jerd. Madras Jouni. x. p. 221 (1840) ; Blyth,

J. A. S. Beng. 1842, p. 915, 1843, p. 244 ; Kelaart, Cat. Prodr.

App. p. 60 (1853); Layard, Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 453

(1854) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 219, no. 9051 (1870).
Polyphasia lugubris, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. 1843, p. 244.
Surniculus dicruroides, Blyth, Cat. B. 3[us. As. Soc. 1849, p. 72 ;

Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I. Co. ii. p. 696 (1856) ; Jerd.

B. India, i. p. 336 (1862) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 394 ; Holds-
worth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 431 ; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, p. 472 ; David

(^- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 61 (1877).
Surniculus lugubris, Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 72 (1849);

Horsf. Si- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 695 (1856) ; Sclat.

P. Z. S. 1863, p. 209 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 368 ; .S'«/i-«f/. Ucc. di

Borneo, p. 63 (1874) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 8 ; Tiveeddale, t. c.

p. 287; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 613; Hume ^- Davison, Str. F. vi.

pp. 159, 502 (1878); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 207 (1878); Salvad.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1879, p. 184 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 244; id.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 328 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 54, 89 (1879) ;

Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 243 (1880) ; Hutne, Str. F. ix. p. 248 (1880) ;

Wardlaw Ramsay, Tiveeddale's Orn. Works, App. p. 656 (1881);

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792 ; Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 112

(1883); Blasius, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. If'ien, xxxiii. p. 30 (1883) ;

Biittik. Notes Leriden 3Ius. 1886, p. 27; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 394,

1890, p. 10 ; Whitehead, t. c. p. 46.
Cacangelus lugubris, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 17 (1862);

A. Mull. J.f. O.y&^-l, p. 404.
Cacangelus dicruroides, Cab. (§• Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 18, note

(1862).
Surniculus velutinus {nee Sharpe), Tiveeddale, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 69.

Adult. ]?liick, with a deep green gloss, brightest on the back,
wings, and tail, and slightly more purple on the head and neck ; on
the nape a few white feathers partially hidden ; upper tail-coverts
with some white spots next to their shafts ; beneath black, not
quite so brightly glossed with green ; the hinder half of the thigha

a2

228 CUCULTD.E.

and thigh-coverts white ; under tail-coverts barred and tipped with
white ; tail with the outer feather barred and tipped with white,
the bars being broadest towards the inner edges of the shafts ; the
penultimate feathers with a few pale spots on their quills ; under
wing-coverts greenish black like the body ; quills blackish brown,
each feather with a large white blotch on the inner web, forming a
diagonal baud across the under surface of the wing : bill black,
with the gape and inside of the mouth orange-red : irides brown ;
legs and claws black. Total length 10-3 inches, culmen O'S,
wing 5, tail 5-7, tarsus 0"65.

Immature. Slighth' less glossy, of a more violet shade, and with
clear white terminal spots to manj' of the feathers irregularly dis-
persed over the plumage ; under wing-coverts irregularly barred
with white, and the white bar across the quills broader than in the
adult : the tail rather more barred with white, the white bars
being much more distinct on the outer feathers, and the penultimate
ones partially barred near their quills, and all the feathers with
white spots at their tips.

This species varies considerably in the shape of the tail, which is
sometimes very much forked, with the long feathers curved out-
wards towards their ends, but is sometimes square, the outer
feather on each side being always short. The white of the nape is
often absent, and the amount of the white spotting of the upper
tail-coverts varies greatly. The most constant characters are the
white spot and bar on the under surface of the quills, the bars on
the under tail-coverts, and the bars on the outer tail-feathers, the
latter varying in amount according to age. The immature bird,
Cuculas aViopunctatus, Drap., has white spots which vary in number
and size, the last to disappear with age being those at the ends of
the tail-feathers. The type specimens of C. Ivguhris, Horsf., from
Java, and G. dicruroides. Hodgs., from Xepal, are remarkably
similar ; and after comparing more than one hundred specimens
from Java, Sumatra, Singapore, Tenasserira, Burmah, the Indian
Peninsula, and Ceylon, I c^in find no trace of distinctive character.
In the specimens from ilalacca there is a tendency to form a rather
small race with a square tail (not counting the outer feather) and
occasionally a slightly greyer shade on the underparts, characters
which are found more constantly in Bornean specimens, while a
perfectly similar form occurs in Palawan.

Hah. The same as that of the genus, with the exception of the
islands of Negros, Mindanao, Basilan, and Batchian.

a. Ad. sk. Java {Horsfield). India Museum.

(Type of species.)

b, c, d. Ad. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Java {Mt(s. Lu(/d.). Seebohm Coll.

f, g. 5 ad. sk. W. Java (.4. R. Wallace).

h, i. Ad. et juv. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra Tweeddale Coll.

{E. C. Buxton),
k, I, m. Ad. sk. Sumatra (C. i?orZ;). Tweeddale Coll.

«, 0. Ad. sk. Lumbidan (Sir Hugh Loic). R. B. Sharpe,

Esq. [P.].

4. SUKNICULUS.

229

p. Ad. sk.

q. Iiiim. sk.

r. Ad. ; s. Juv. sk.

t, u, i: d 2 ad. sk.

tc. J ad. sk.

a', y. c? <id. et j uv. sk.

z, a' , b', c'. Ad. ; d'.

Juv. sk.
e'. c? ad. ; f. Juv. sk.
(/', A'. Ad. ; I'.Juv. sk.
k'. Ad. ; /', /«'. d" 2

juv. sk.
n'-s'. cJ ad. et juv. ;

t', ti', v'. 2 ad. et

juv. sk.
tc'. Ad. sk.
.f'. Ad. sk.
y'. 2 ad. sk.

s'. (S ad. ; a", 6''. 2

ad. sk.
c". 2 ad. sk.
d", e". (S 2 a.d. sk.

J", (/', h". c? ad. et
juv. ; i" . 2 ad. sk.

k", I". 2 ad. et
imm. sk.

m". c? juv. sk.

n". S ad. sk.
o". (5' ad. sk.
;/'. S ad. sk.
5". 2 ad. sk.

r", s". (S ad. ; t." , »" .

2 ad. sk.
v". cJ ad. sk.

to". (5 ad. sk.

a". 2 imm. sk.
y". 2 ad. sk.

s". Ad. sk.

«'. Ad. sk.

6^ c", rf^'. 2 ad. sk.

«•■',/',</='. d ad.; /t\

2 ad. ; i\ k'.

Imm. sk.

Sarawak (//. T. Ussher).
Sarawak {^A. Everett).
Marup and Tagora {A.

Ecerett).
Puerto Princesa, Palawan,

Dec, Jan. {A. Everett).
Singapore Island, Feb. ( W.

Davison).
Johore, March, July {W.

Davison).
Malacca, July, Aug. ( W.

Davison).
Malacca {A. R. Wallace).
Malacca {Dr. Cantor).
Malacca, Aug. {R. G. W. R.).

Salangore, Feb., April, May,
July, Sept. (IF. Davison).

Bangkok, Siam.

Siam.

South Tenasserim, Dec. 7
{E. W. Oat-es).

Bankasoou, Dec. {TV. Da-
vison).

Malewoon, Jan. 9(Tr. D.).

C'houlai Creek, S. of Mergui,
Dec. {W. D.).

Mergui, June, Nov. ( U'. D.).

Tavoy, April lo {TV. D.).

Foot of Mount Nwalabo,

April 7 ( TJ^. D.).
Yea, March 28 ( 7F. D).
Amherst, Dec. 9 ( W. D.).
Moulmein, Dec. 1 ( IF. D.).
As.soon, March 12 ( W. Lim-

bory).
Lower Pegu, Feb., March, Sept.,

:sov. {E. W. O.).
Kyouk Phyon, liurmah, April

'20 {J. Annstront/).
Tonghoo Hills, March 8 {R.

G. T\'. R.).
Yay-tho, June 8 {R. G. TV. R.).
Karen-nee, March 16 (R. G.

W. R.).
Mandalay, Sept. 20.

Comillah, lippera, March.
Cachar, April, June (J. Int/lis).
Dibrughur, Assam, March,

April, May, July, Aug. (./.

/i. Cri/tps).
N. Kha-ia liiUs, Feb.. April

I A. ir. riwumll).

Tweedd:ile Coll.
Seebohni Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Ilume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Forbes Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.

Gates Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Dr. J. Anderson

[C.l.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Cull.

Tweeddale Coll.

230

ad. sk.
t^, u^. c? ad. sk.
v^, w^, or'. (J ad. sk.

f. Ad. sk.

z'-i''. Ad. et juv. sk.
k% IK Ad. sk.
m'^-q*. Ad. sk.

r'-i)'. Ad. sk.

w*,x*. Ad.; y^. Juv.

sk.
z*. Ad. sk.

«', &'. Ad. sk.
c\ Ad. sk.
d\ c5' ad. sk.

e'-k'. Ad. et imm. sk.
P, iw'. S ad. sk.
n^. Bones of trunk.

Dhollah, Assam, April to June

(J. Cockbwrn).
Tippook, Assam, April {J. C).
Sadhyia, Assam, April, May

{J. C).
Lower HiUs, Bhootan Dooars,

May (L. 3Iandelli).
Sikhiin, March to Nov. (i. M.\
Barjiling.
Mongplioo, near Darjiling,

March, Oct.
Native Sikhim, May to J uly,

Nov. (Z. Mcmdeili).
Nepal.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hodg-son Coll.

Nepal.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgsmi).
Raipur, Central Prov., July.
Coonoor Ghat, Nilghiris, April

{R. G. W. R.).
Ceylon, July, Dec.
West Ceylon, July, Aug.
Nepal.

Hodgson Coll.
(Type of Pseudornis dicruroides.)

ludia Museum.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

2. Surniculus muschenbroeki,

Surniculus muschenbroeki, Meyer in Rowley's Orn. Miscell. iii.
p. 164 (1878); Scdvad. Ann. Mtis. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 4(31 (1878);
id. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 357 (1880).

" Black, with a greenish-blue metallic gloss on the wings, mantle,
and tail. Head, neck, back, uropygium, and underparts black, bnt
velvety, not glossy. Underside of the wing-feathers brownish, the
white spots on the basal third of the inner webs forming a band.
Tail of Drongo-like shape; short outer rectrices spotted and partly
banded with white. f3n the thighs a thick plumage of shining
white feathers with greenish base. (One white feather on the back
of the neck appears not to constitute a specific character.) Bill
black, Peet brownish above, light below. Total length 265 mm.
wing 140, tail 155, bill 19, tarsus 16." {A. B. Meyer.)

Hah. Batchian.

This species is only known by the type, which is in the Dresden
Museum,

3. Surniculus velutinus.

Surniculus velutinus, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 320
(1877) ; Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 823, 1878, p. 945 ; Wardlatv
Ramsay, Tweeddale' s Orri. JForAs, App. p. 669 (1881).

Adult. Very closely allied to 8. luguhris; tail always square,
with the exception of the outer pair of feathers, which are much
shorter ; it differs in having the head, back, throat, and breast

5. HIEKOCOCC'YX. 231

velvety black, witli absolutely no trace of white on any of the tail-
coverts, and a distinct narrow white basal edging to the tail-
feathers ; iris dark chocolate-brown ; bill and claws black ; feet
bluish grey " (A. Evereti). Total length 8 inches, culmen 0-9, wing
4-7, tail 4-3, tarsus 0-55.

The sexes are similar in plumage.

Hah. Islands of Mindanao, Malamaui, and Basilan in the
Philippines.

a. 2 iid. sk. Butuan, N. Mindanao, May Tweeddale CoU.

(A. Evereti).

b. 5 ad. sk. Zamboanga, April {A. Tweeddale CoU.

Eve)-ett).

c. d. S ad. sk. Basilau, May {A. Everett). Tweeddale Coll,

5. HIEROCOCCYX.

Type.
Ilierococcvx, S. Mull. Vcrh. Land- en T'u(k. p. 233
(1839-44) n. fugax.

Range. Indian Peninsula ; Burmese countries to China and
Eastern Siberia ; throughout the Malayan Peninsula and Archi-
pelago to Celebes.

Keif to the Species.

a. Under surface of quills barred.

a'. Throat and chest not longitudinally striped
in adults; chin grey.
a". With bars on the breast.

«'". Colour darker ; crown greyer than

the back.

a*. Size larger ; wing 8 inches : grey

of head and chin separated by a

broad white band which extends

from the fore part of the eye to the

throat sparverioides, p. 232.

b^. Size smaller ; wing 7'4 inches :
head and throat grey, the latter
only slightly mottled with white., bocki, p. 234.
b'". Colour paler; crown and back uni-
form pale grey. Wing 7-5 inches. . varius, p. 234.
b". With no bars on the breast; colour
above uniform dark gTcy. Wing 7

inches /"ffct'j P- -36.

b'. Throat and chest longitudiually striped ;

colour above brown, greyer on the crown.

c". With no grey or black on the chin ;

size smaller. 'Wing 5G inches nanus, p. 238.

d". With the chin grey or black; size [juv. pp. 232-2.38.

larger (wings as above) sparverioides and allies,

b. Under surface of quills not bnrred crassirostris, p. 239.

232 ctrcuLiD^.

1. Hierococcyx sparverioides.

P Coucou a ventre rayc? de I'lsle de Panay, Sonti. Voy. Nouv. Guin. i.
p. 120, pi. 79 (1776).

? Coucou brun et jaune a ventre rave, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi.
p. 379(1779).

? Uuculus flaviventris. Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 89 {ex
Sonn. 1786); Strickl. J. A. S. Beng. 1844, p. 390, note.

? Cuculus radiatus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 420 (e.v Sonn. 178S).

Cuculus sparveroides, Viff. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 173; Gould, Cent.
Himal. B. pi. 53 (1832) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 898 (1842),
xii. p. 240 (1843) ; Bodi/s. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 ; Gray, Cat.
Mamm. ^- B. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 120(1846); BIyth, Cat. B.
Mus. As. Soc. p. 70 (1849); Schl. Mua. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 15
(pt., 1864) ; David S,- Oust. Ois. Chine, t^. 63 (1877); Blakiston, Ihis,
1878, p. 228.

Hierococcyx sparveroides, Bp. Consp. i. p. 104 (1850) ; Horsf. Sf
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 699 (1856) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i.
p. 3.31 (1862); Blyth,Ihis, 1866, p. 362 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 14;
Hume, Nests 8f Eygs Ind. B. p. 135 (1873); id. Sir. F. iii. p. 80
(1876) ; Armstrong, Sfr. F. iv. p. 311 (1876) ; Tacz. J. f. O. 1876,
p. 201 ; Hume c^ Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 157 ^1878) ; Ball, Sfr. F.
vii. p. 207 (1878) ; Hane, Str. F. viii. pp. 54, 89 (1879) ; Scully,
t. c. p. 256 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 167 (1880) ; Hume, t. c. p. 248 ;
Davison, Sfr. F. x. p. 359 ; Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 108
(1883); Marshall, Ihis, 1884, p. 411; A. Midi. J. f. O. 1885,
p. 157 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1887, p. 581 ; Sharpe, Ibis,
1890, p. 11; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests ^ Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 384
(1890).

Cuculus strennus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 90 ; id. B. Asia, vi. pi. 42
(1856) ; Blyfh, Ibis, 1866, p. 362.

Hierococcyx sparverinus, Cab. <§' Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 28, note
(1862).

Hierococcyx strenuus, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 28, note
(1S62) ;' Hu7ne, Pr. A. S. Beng. 1872, p. 71 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S.
ix.p. 161 (1875); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 327; Blasim, Ornis,
ii. p. 306 (1888) ; Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 225 ; Whitehead, Ibis,
1890, p. 46.

Adult. Above brown with a bronzj- gloss, changing gradually
into grey on the back of the neck and crown ; the outer tail-
eoverts barred with white, and the longest ones often with darker
ends and narrow pale edges ; tail with about five distinct dark bars
and narrow pale tips to the feathers, seldom much shaded with
rnfoijs ; sides of the head and chin grey, with a broad white band
from the front of the eye to the white on the throat, separating the
grey of the head from the chin ; upper throat white, changing on
the lower throat and front of the chest into rufous, and the whole
mottled with pale grey ; remainder of the underparts white, with
the breast down to the thighs broadly barred with dusky brown
and partially washed with rufous ; under wing-coverts white,
shaded with rufous ; quills dusky brown with numerous white or
buff partial bars on their inner webs : " bill black, with the base of
the lower mandible pale green ; iris, eyelids, legs, and claws bright
gamboge-yellow " ( )V. Davison). Total length 15"o inches, culmcn
I'l, wing S'l, tail 7'5, tarsus 1.

5. HIEROCOCCYX. 233

Immature. Differs from the adult in the grey of the ui.per parts
being conhued to the crown, the back of the neck mottled Vith
rutous, the feathers of the back and wings more or less edged or
barred with rutous. Lnder surfiice white washed with buff- chin
generally darker, often black ; throat and front of the chest broadly
stnped, the breast with broad short bars to the feathers

Hah. I^rom Japan and Eastern Siberia thruughout China to the
Burmese countries, :ir.dayan Peninsula, Borneo, a.id the Philippines.
It ranges west throughout Xorthern and Central India.

a. ^ ad. sk. Mynall, Travancore, Jan. F. ^ W. Bourdillon,

b. d ad. sk. Ootacamund, Nilghiris, Feb. 12 lliime Ei

( JT . Dai'ison).

c. Ad. sk. Coonoor. Ilunie Coll

' \L. ^ I '"^- ^* Kotagherry, Dec. 7 (Miss Cock- Ilunie Co]!.'
imm. sk. burn).

{■ 3 t.^\ n-°''^' ^7}- -^ ^'^- ^- -^•^- ""'"e CoU.

h i^r^'t J^?insui-, A morab, June 2o. Hume Coll.

n. cJad.sk. luttehgurh district, May -^4 Seebohm Coll.

('!• Anders(m).

«,/t.c? 5 imm.sk. Khatmandu. Xepal Vallev, Hu.ue Coll

, . , -^u&'- {J- Scully).

/.Ad.; ,«. Juv. Nepal. • Hodgson Coll.

"' jlnfsk^'^" '■ '^- ^"^"-^ ^^- ^- ^'^'J'"")- Ii^dia Museum.

r,s.M.;t.lmm. Native Sikhim, April, Sept. Hume Coll

^•^^ (L. Mandelli).

"tnm'i'"^'- ^'J^-- J-- ^ov. CZ. ^«.- Hume Coll.

'''i-.tmi;.'l.'' """J'^'"""- Hume Coll.

«;. Ad. sk. Darjeeling, June {H. J. Ehces). Tweeddale Coll.

o. .-va. SK. Assam. Gould Cull

p . 6 ad. sk. Kamroop, Assam, Dec. (A. W. Tweeddale Coll.

C/iennell).
>{'. 6 ad. sk. Dibrughur, Feb. 15 {J. F. Hume Coll

, , . , Cripp^).

r. d, iuv.sk. «hilloug, Aug. 2.3 (./. Cock- Hume Cull.

burn),
s. Lnm. sk. >-'• Khasia Hills, March (A. Tweeddale Coll.

n . tlu-nnell).

!/ ')''}'o ■ m"*"'-"' ^-^^ ^"^^'■*-^- """ne Coll.

«,^;. dSimm Mampur, April, May {A. Hume Coll.

*"• O. H.).

to: d juv. sk. Karon-nee Burmah, March 24 Tweeddale Coll.

'i„L.1k:'' ^''^'^■^^°^^°- ii">-coii.

z'. d imm. sk. Yay-tho, Bur.nah, Aug. U (H. Tweeddale Coll.

, (r. If . Ji.),

«. dad.sk. Tonghoo.^^Hunnab, Dec. :J1 Tweeddale Coll.

'";^//i±: :[; '^-^^^^?-^^-- -^-n. Oates Coll.

234

/". c? ad. sk.

g"-'k!'. (S ad. et

imm. ; I", in" .

2 ad. sk.
w", o", iS' . S ad.

sk.
q", r". S ad. ; s".

5 ad. sk.
t". Ad. sk.
m". Ad. sk.
y", ?(;". Ad. sk.
x". Ad. sk.

2/". $ juv. sk.

z". cJ ad. sk.

a\ d' ad. sk.

CUCULID^.

Pahpoon, Tenasserim, Jan. ( W. Hume Coll.

Damson).
Thatone, Dec. ( W. Davison), Hume Coll.

Amherst, Dec, Jan.

Moulmein, Nov., Dec.

Salanp:a Island.
Penaug-.
Malacca.
Manila, Luzon.

Ningpo, China, June (-R.

SwinJwe) .
Foochow, Szechuen, May {R.

Siin'nhoe).
Changchow, Szechuen, May 16

(R. Swinhoe).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Capt. Weber [C.].
Pinwill Coll.
Pinwill CoU.
Gould Coll. (Type

of C. stremms.)
Seebohm Coll.

Seebolim Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

2. Hierococcyx bocki.

Hierococcyx bocki, Wardlaic Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, pp. 157-159 ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 394, 1890, p. 11.

Adult (type of species). Similar to H. sparverioides, but smaller,
and greyer on the sides of the head and upper half of the throat ;
sides of head uniform grey with the chin, and with no white in front
of the eyes and cheeks ; upper half of throat nearly uniform grey
like the chin, being only slightly mottled with white. Total length
1<3"2 inches, culmen 0-9.3, wing 7'5, tail 7'3, tarsus 0'9.

/lab. Mountains of Sumatra and North-western Borneo (Kina
Balu).

(S ad. sk.

Mt. Sago, Sumatra^ Sept. 5
(CUock).

Tweeddale Coll.
(Type of species.)

3. Hierococcyx varius.

Cuculus varius, Vahl, Skriv. af NaUir. Selsk. {Copenhagen), iv. p. 61

(1797); £li/th, i'at.B. Mus. As. Sac. p. 70 (1849) ;" Kelaart, Cat.

Ceylon B., App. Prodr. p. 60 (1853) ; Layard, Ann. ^ Mag. Nat.

Hist. (2) xiii. p. 452 (1864) ; Sckl. 3Ius'. Pays-Bus, Cuculi, p. 14

(1864).
? Cnculus tenuirostris. Less. Traite, p. 146 (1831) ; Piicher. Rev. et

May. Zool. 1863, p. 69.
Cuculus ejulans, Smidev. Physiogr. Sallsk. Tidskr. i. p. 54 (1838) ;

Strickl Ann. <^ May. Nat. 'Hist. 1846, p. 398.
Hierococcyx varius, Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 700 (1856) ; Cab. i^ Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 29 (pt., 1862) ;

Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 329(1862) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 361 ; Holdsivortfi,

P. Z. S. 1872, p. 431 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 13 ; Adam, Str. F. i.

p. 373 (1873); Biyth, J. As. Soc. {Ceylon Branch), \^7 i, \\ 67;

5. niERococcvx.

235

Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 393 (1874) ; Fairbank, Sir. F. iv. p. '2r,.5
(187G); Hutnp, t. c. p. 392; Fairbcmk, Str. F. v. p. 397 (1877)
Hall, t. c. p. 413, vii. p. 207 (1878) ; Cripps, t. c. p. 204 ; Hume
Str. F. viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Scully, t. c. p. 255 ; Legcjv, B. Ceylon, i
p. 240 (1880) ; Vidnl, Str. F. ix. p. 56 (1880) ; Butler, t. c. p. 388
lieicl, Str. F. x. p. 27 (1881) ; Darison, t. c. pp. 299, 359 ; Sioinh
iS|- Barnes, Ibis, 1 885, p. 63 ; Oates, ed. Humes Nests i^- Egos Ind.
B. ii. p. 383 (1890).
Hierococcyx nisoides, Blyth, Ibis, 18G6, p. 3G2.

Adult. Very smilar in plumage to H. sparverioides, but smaller
and paler, and intermediate between that bird and U. fucjax. Above
uniform leaden grey, much paler than //. fuga.v, and having the
white bars on the outer tail-coverts more pronounced. The tail
is similar to that of //. .■sparverioides. The grey and white on the
head and chin are similarly distributed but paler ; remainder of the
underparts white, shading into pale rufous on the lower throat and
front of the chest, these feathers being mottled with pale grey.
The sides of the body which are generally washed with rufous are
broadly barred with dusky grey, which at once distinguishes the
species from H. fu</a.v and indicates its affinities to //. sparverioides.
" Iris yellow, orbits yellow ; bill black, greenish below, yellowish at
gape ; legs and feet dirty yellow " ( W. Davison) Total length 13-o
inches, culmen 0*95, wing 7'5, tail 7, tarsus 0-9.

Immature. Similar to that oi H. sparverioides and //. fugax, but
intermediate in size.

Hah. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, ranging into Assam, Tenas-
serim, and Burma.

a, b. Ad. sk.

N.W. Himalayas {Griffith).

India Museum.

c. c? ad. sk.

Saharunpur, Nov. 2 {A.

O.H.)

Hume Coll.

(/. Ad. sk.

Belira Dhoou.

Hume Coll.

e. Ad. sk.

Naiui Tal.

Hume Coll.

/. $ ad. sk.

Bareilly, May 22.

Hume Coll.

y.Ad. ;/i. Juv.

sk.

Etawa'h, Sept. 19.

Hume Coll.

i. 2 ad. sk.

Allahabad, April.

Seebohm Coll.

k. Imm. sk.

Lucknow, April 7.

Colonel Way [P.]

/. Imm. sk.

Gondah, Oudh {S. Pinwill).

Tweeddale Coil.

m, n. cS ad. ;

0.

Futtehgurh District,

March,

Hume Coll.

2 ad. sk.

Aug. {A. Anderson).

p, q, r. Ad. sk

Mogul Serai, Jan., Feb
( IV. E. Brooks).

, Nov.

Hmne Coll.

s, t. cJad. ; u.

2

Nepal Vallev, Feb.,

April,

Seebohm Coll.

ad. sk.

Dec. (J. Scully).

V, w. Ad. ; X

y-

Nepal.

Hodgson Coll.

Imm. sk.

z, a'. Ad.;

Juv. sk.
c'. c? juv. sk.

b'.

Nepal (/>'. Hodgson).

India Museum.

Tirhool, April 5.

Hume Coll.

d'. Juv. sk.

Kajmahal Hills, Nov. ( ]

'.Ball).

Hume Coll.

e'. (S ad. sk.

Bhutan (Pemberton),

India ^Fuseum.

/_'. Ad. sk.

Assam (MClelland).

India Museum.

«/'. Juv. sk.

Tonghoo.

Seebohm Coll.

/.', r, k. Ad. ;

/',

Dacca.

Hume Coll.

in'. Juv. sk.

236

n. Juv. sk.

o. 5 ad. sk.

p\ q'. Ad. sk.
r', s'. Ad.; f.

Imm. sk.
u'. c? imni. sk.
v'.Ad.; w'.Imm.

sk.
.v'. Ad. sk.

7/'. (5^ juv. sk.
z'. c? ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
6". (J ad.; c'.c?

imm. sk.
d". (S ad. sk.

e". c? ad. sk.

/". $ ad. sk.

(/". c? ad. sk.
/(", i". Ad. sk.
k". c5' juv. sk.

l"-o". cJ ad. sk.

;)". cJ juv. sk.
q". (^ ad. sk.

r"-u". cJ ad. sk.

v". d" ad. sk.

«f". 5 ad. sk.

.r". 2 juv. sk.

y". Ad. sk.

Dacca (Ti/tler).
Assensole, Feb. ( W. E.

Brooks).
Calcutta, Feb., Dec.
Maunbhoom, March, Dec. (R.

C. Beavrm).
Eaipur, Feb. 24.
Kamptee.

Seoni District, May (E. Thom-
son).
Saugor, Oct.

Anadra, Mt. Aboo, July 5.
Deesa, Aug. 10 (K A. 'Butler).
Mhow, Dec.

Dhulia, Khandeish, Aug. 21

{J. Davidson).
Ahmednuggur, Dec. (>S'. B.

Falrbank).
Eatnagiri, June 26 {J. Arm-

stronq).
Belgaum, May 30(i:..4. Z?M//e/-).
Malabar.
Bangalore, May 26 {R. G.

W. R.).
Wynaad, March to May (W.

Davison).
Burliar, Nilghiris, Sept. 12.
Kotagherry, Nilghiris, Feb. 13

(Miss Cockburn).
Ootacamund, Feb., April ( W.

Davison).
Coonoor, March o {Dr. F.

Day).
Mynall, Travancore {F. W.

Bourdilloii).
Kandy, Ceylon {A. White).

Ceylon (i/. Nevill).

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Dr. B. Hinde [P.].

Hume Cnll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Colonel Swinhoe

[P.].
Hume CoU.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

li. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

4. Hierococcyx fugax.

Cuculus fugax, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 178 (1821) ; Viy. Mem.

Raffl. p. (>71 (18:30); St/kes, P. Z. S. 1832. p. 98; Jerd. Sladr. J.

xi. p. 210 (1840) ; S. MiiU. Verh. Land- en Volk. p. 233 (18;i:l-44) ;

Blyth, J. A. S. Benff. xi. p. 900 (1842), xii. p. 240 (1843), xiv.

pp. 204, 043 (1845) ; id. Ann. Sr Mag. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 385;

Gray, Cat. Manun. S,- B. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 120 (1840).
Cuculus lathami, J. E. Gray, III. Lid. Zool. pi. 34. tig. 2 (1834).
Cuculus vagans, S. Midi. Verh. Lund- en Volk. p. 233, note (1839-44).
Cuculus nisicolor, Hod(is. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mtis., Pa.'seres, pi. 357.

tig. 1 (no. 872) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beny. 1843, p. 043, 1840, p. 18.
Cuculus ttaviventris (nee Scop.). .Strickl. ./. A. S. Beny. l'^44. p. 3!»0,

note.

5. HIKROCOCCTX. 237

Hieroooceyx fn^x, Bp. Comp. i. p. 104 (1850) ; Cah. .^- Heine Mu.

.N4); rw,/ Il„s, 1877, p. M88; -SW;;., Ihis, 1877 i 7-
f/ZiwA Ann. 3Lts. r,„. (i^^ \\.. „ lor ^o-,.. ' r!, " ' P- ' '

?88^ . ^'55^^«^-.{f«;«.3W, m., 1884, p. 33:3; ^. Jllill. J, f, o'

P. Z. &. 188< , p. 44l> ; id. lln,, 1890, p. 10 ' i* " ' '^""'P'^y

Hi^ococcyx vagans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 1U4 (1850) ; Cah. &■ Heine Mus

Hem. IV. p. 30, note (1862). ;,<->.>.;) jiejw^?, iKf^.s.

ChcuIu.s hypeiythrus, Gould, P. Z S 1856 n Q6 • ,-,7 7? ^ •

I884?p.^36 ^ ' "^'"■'^' ^^''' ^'''^' P- •^^"' '^««6o'^'«,i*e*,

"'irTr-'-^'J^''*r^i''-^"^- ^' ^^^"^' ^«^- ^««.iv.p.27(186-^)-
W«J^^„, Tr. Z S: :x. p. 161 (1875); T.ceerkl. P.^Z S. 1678,

Ilierococcyx hyperythrus, Cob. .S' Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. .30 note
i^/., 18S0, p. „7 ; T.eedd:P. I Sl^^ ',If"'' ^'^"^'^'

''~p:s?;7i?;te^-67/''^-^' '^''^'''•'' ^^'^^ - ^^-"•^'''^'

Hierococcyx nisicolor, ^^'r/. B. Lid. i. p. .^30 (1862)- Blufh J 4 S
Beng xxx. p. 93 (1861); ,V/. //,,-,, i8'o6, p. 361 ; ^^.^^/i/fllvf

(I'J-b , lf««.., ,S/r. Z'. vm. pp. 53,88 (187!)) ; Ocde. Handh B

f P^83'(189Si.''' ^''''^ ' '''■ ''■ """'"'' ^^^ ^- ^^- ^-

_.^cZm?^ Above uniform slaty grey; end of the tail-feathers
bright rufous, otherwise very similar to those of ^. snoJr^
under surface wh.te, with a very variable an>ount o'f ruVou on
he chest, the whole ehest being rufous in the tvpe of CuLZ
%,«-^^/.-«. Gould, and only broadly washed on the sides olhe
feathers in the type of C. «mV./o. of Hodgsou : chin grev • throat
white, shght y tinted with grey, and occLionaUy streaked wTh
brown or rutous ; the breast is entirely without bars, wh ch Iha
racter at once distinguishes it from the foregoing members of the
genus; but its most distinctive character is the intenseh rufous

length 11-h inches, culmen 1, wing 7, tail 6-2, tarsus U-So.

Immature \ ery similar to that of the last two species, but with

he dark stripes on the underparts rather narrower Ld more

sharply dehnod, and the pale ends to the tail bright rufous. 'Tris

reddish-brown ; orl.t.s, gape, feet, and legs yellow ; bill basalJy pa"e

green, apex blackish ( Wardlaw Iiam.«aij) ^ ^

Kr^w'''*''^".r'°''^", '" ^^^'"'^^^ ^° ^^' immature bird, with the back
sSTnche^ ""^^ "'' '^' ^''''' '■"'^'' ^'''^''- Total len^h

Hah. From Amoor-Land through China to the Burmese countries
extending into the Eastern Himalayas on the west, and south

238-

through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the
Philippines.

a, b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.
d-m. Ad. ; n-r.

Juv. sk.
s, t, u. Ad. ; V, to.

Juv. sk.
X. Juv. sk.
y. Juv. sk.
s. J ad. sk.

a'. Ad. sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c'. c? fid. sk.
rf'. Ad.sk.

e'. Ad. sk.

/'. Ad. ; q'. Juv.

sk.
h'-m. Ad. ; w', o',

p' . Juv. sk.
9'. 2 juv. sk,

r , s', t' , u' . Imm.

sk.
r'. Ad. sk.

lo' . Ad. sk.

x\ Imm. sk.
y', s'.d ad.; a".

(5 juv.sk.
6". Ad. sk.
c". Ad. sk.

d",e",f". Ad.;

^". Juv. sk.
A''. Juv. sk.
i". Ad. sk.

k". iS ad. sk.

/". Ad. sk.

Nepal.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).
Native Sikhim, April to Oct.

{L. Mandelli).
Sikhim, April to June, Sept.

(i. yiandelli).
Darjeeling, June.
Khasia Hills (GriffitJi).
Kokshin-Koolel, Manipur,

April 6 {A. O. H.).
Burmah (Houyhlon).
Tong'hoo, Burmah.
Pegu, Nov. 'lo.
Thatone, Tenasserim, Dee. 1 1

( IF. Davison).
Ponaug {Dr. Cantor).
Malacca {R. G. W. K).

Malacca, Feb., March, Juh',

Aug. ( W. Davison).
Gunnong Pulai, Johore, Aug.

1 ( \V. Davison).
Singapore.

Hodgson Coll.
(Types of C. nisicohr.)
India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Gates Coll.
Gates Coll.
Hume CoU.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll

Lampong, S.E.
{E. C. Buxton).
Java [Horsfeld).

Sumatra Tweeddale Coll.

Sarawak, Feb. (./. Brooke).
Sarawak (H. Everett).

India ]Museum.

(Tvpe of species.)
Gould' Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Lumbidan, N.W. Borneo. Sir Hugh Low [C.].

Banjarmassing, Borneo (J. Wallace Coll.

Motley).

Manila [Maitland Heriot). Tweeddale Coll.

Manila. Seehohm Coll.

Manila. Gould Coll.

(Type of C. hyperythrus.)

Zamboanga, Mindanao, April Tweeddale Coll.

(A. Everett).

Yokohama, Japan (H. Jones). Seebohm Coll.

5. Hierococcyx nanus.

Hierococcyx nanus, Hume, Str. F. v. 1877, p. 490 ; id. Sr Davison,
Str. F. vi. 1878, p. 157 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. 1879, p. 88 ; A. Midi.
J. f. 0. 1882, p. 405 ; Oates, Handb. B. Br. Biirm. ii. p. 110 (1883) ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 11.

Adult. Very similar in plumage to the immature birds of

5. HIEROCOCCTX. 239

//. fi(Cfa.v, but differs in its smaller size ; the brownish-grey crown
and nape are separated from the brown of the back by a partial
collar formed by a rufous and white mottling on the back of the
neck. T'lil tipped with dirty white. Chin buff, like the throat ;
a broad dark brown moustachial band from below the eye is well
marked, and the dark stripes on the underparts are more sharply
defined and less rufous. Total length lU'5 inches, culmen 0-9,
wing o-(), tail 5-G, tarsus 0'7o.

Hah. Tenasserim to the Salanga Islands, reoccurriug again in the
mountains of North-western Borueo.

a. 2 ad. sk. Mergui Islands, Tenasserim (,/. Tweeddale Coll.

Anderson).

b,c.(S2 ad. sk. Tavoy, April 19 ( If. Da- Hume Coll.

vison).

cJ, e. S 2 ad. sk. Foot of Mt. Nwalabo, April Hume Coll.

( W. Davison).

f. c? ad. sk. Bankasoon, May IG ( W. Hume Coll.

Davison). (Type of species.)

<j, h, i. 5 ad. sk. Bankasoon, April, May, June Hume Coll.

( W. Davison).

k. Ad. sk. Baram, Sarawak. A. H. Everett, Esq.

[P.].

6. Hierococcyx crassirostris.

HierococcTX crassirostris, Jl'alden, Ann. $;■ Mag. N. H. 187:3, p. 305 ;

ill. Tr. Z. S. viii. p. llC, pi. 18 (1872).
Cuculus crassirostris, Briuji/eman, Ahhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. v. 1876,

p. 59.

Adult (type of species). Upper half of head grey, slightly mottled
with white; nape and back of neck white, with broad dark ends
and partial bars to the feathers, passing from dusky grey on the
nape into brownish black towards the mantle : remainder of the
upper parts rufous-brown, slightly mottled with dusky ; tail less
rufous than the back, tipped with white and with a broad sub-
terminal bluck band : the remaining three black bands, which are
very distinct underneath, disa])pear on the two centre feathers, and
the pale intervening bands which are white on the outer pair of
feathers gradually become more rufous towards the centre one ;
beneath white, broadly barred with black on the throat and chest ;
under surface of wings uniform white, with the terminal half of the
quills rufous-brown ; bill black, passing into yellow on the basal
half of the lower mandible ; legs and claws yellow. Total length
15 inches, culmen 1, wing 8-3, tail 7"5, tarsus 0"8.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the upper half of the
head black, mottled with white above the eye and on the nape ;
back of the neck rufous, with broad black ends to the feathers ;
upper parts generally much brighter rufous ; the upper back, wing-
coverts, and innermost secondaries with broad dusky bars somewhat

240 CUCULID.i).

obscured, and a dusky subtermiual patch to all the quills ; beneath
buff, with fewer and more irregular dark bars. Total length ly-5
inches, wing 7"9.

The two tj'pe specimens which I have described have been well
figured by Lord Tweeddale, but the artist does not appear to have
noticed that the two centre tail-feathers of the young bird are
missing, so that his figure conveys a wrong impression,

Hab. Confined to Celebes.

a. Ad. ; b. Juv. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

(Types of species.)
c. Ad. sk. Celebes. Seebohm Coll.

6. CUCULUS. ^ I

Type. j

Cueulus, Lifui. Si/st. Kaf.- i. p. 108 (1766) C. canorus. ]

Nicoclarius, Bp. Co>i»p. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854) C. intermedins. ;

Penthoceryx, Cah. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 16 (1862) C. sounerati. ;

Heteroscenes, Cab. Mus. Hein. iv. p. 26 (1862) C. pallidus. '

Range. The whole of the Old World excepting Polynesia. j

Key to the Species. I

a. Upper parts not nifous ; under surface of quills \

barred with wliite. I

«'. Breast whitish, barred with black. ]

a" . Back and wings brown ; head and throat

greyish, contrasting with mantle and j

back; a very distinct broad subterminal ;

black band to the tail. The young have ^

broad buff or white ends to many of the !

feathers of the upper parts micropterus, p. 241.

h" . Crown uniform grey, like the back.

a". Basal half of bill yellow, the nostrils
being placed in the yellow portion :
with a rather well-marked black sub-
terminal bar to the tail, and with some
irregular white bands entirely crossing

the outer tail-feathers (jiihiris, p. 244.

b"'. With less yellow on the bill, the

nostrils being always placed iu the

black portion of the base.

a*. Upper parts, sides of head, throat,

and front of chest grey.

a*. Larger : wing 8 to 9 inches ; bars

on breast more dusky. Young

with a white patch on the fore

part of the crown and another on

the nape canorus, p. 245.

b'. Smaller : wing not more than 7'8
inches in length ; bars on breast
jet-black, broader and more com-
plete transversely. Young with

I

6. cucuLUs. 241

no white featliors on the fore part
of the crown or uiipe.
«*. Larger : wiug more thau O'o

inches intenncdim, p. 252.

//'. ymaller: wing nevermore tlian

(j'5 inches polwcephalus, p. 2o5.

h\ With the lower throat and crop chest-
nut.
c'. Paler : with grey on the chin

and upper throat suUtarms, p. 258.

'/'. Darker: throat chestnut, with
only a little gi'ey on the base of

the chin ;/abonensis, p. 259.

h' . Breast uniform, not barred with white and
black.

c". General plumage black clamo.itis, p. 260.

d" . Upper parts ashy brown : uuderparts

uniform stone-colour pallidus, p. 261.

Upper parts more or less rufous ; under siu--

face of quills with rufous bars.
(•'. Above rufous, broadly ban-ed with bronze ;
beneath white, narrowly barred with brown-
ish black sonnerati, p. 262.

d'. Above rufous, with black or dusky mai'kings.
(•' . Crown and lower back not regularly barred
with black.

c" . Larger : wing over 7 inches cauorua juv., p. 247.

d'". Smaller : wing not 6 inches poliocepkalus jay.,

f . Cro-mi and lower back regularly banded [p. 256.

with black. [p. 256.

e" . Smaller: wing not 6 inches poUocephulm juv.,

/'". Larger : wing over 6'5 inches intermedins juv.,

[p. 254.

1. Cuculns micropterus.

Cuculus micropterus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 137 ; Hod/js. Icon.
ined. in Bibl. Sac. Zool ii. p. 205 (no. 507) ; id. in Graijs Zool.
Misc. p. 85 (1844) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 902 (1842), xiv.
p. 204, XV. p. 18 (1846) : id. Ibis, 1862, p. 387 : Jerd. B. Ind.

t. c. p. 255; David i^- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 64 (1877); Davidson ^
Wenden, S/r. F. vii. p. 79 (1878) ; Ball, t. c. p. 207 ; Cripps, t. c.
p. 264; Hume, Sir. F. viii. pp. 53, 88 (1879) ; Vidal, Str. F. \x.
p. 55 (1880) ; Bingham, t. c. p. 167 ; Hume, t. c. p. 248 ; Bufler,
t.c. p. 388; Legge, B. Ceylon, i. p. 228 (1880); Salvad. Om.
Papua»ia, i. p. 330 (1880); Kelham, Ibis, 1881. p. 390; Davison,
Str. F. X. p. 3.59(1881); Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burmah, ii.
p. 104 (1883) : Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 411 ; Stwan, Ibis, 1887,
p. 2.'.0; Skarpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 11.
Cuculus concretus, S. MiUl. Verh. Nat. Ges. Land- en To/A. p. 236
(1839-44) ; Bp. Con.ip. i. p. 103 (18501 : Cab. S- Heine. Mas. Ilein.

V(.L Xl.\ K

242 CUCTTLID^.

IV. p. 39, uote (1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Has, Ouculi, p. 13 (1864) ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 216, no. 9009 ; Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 66

(1874) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245.
Cuculus affinis, "JIatj," Bhjth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 18 (1846);

Hume, Str, F. viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Wardlaw Rainsay, App. Tweedd.

Orn. Works, p. 671 (1881).
Cuculus striatus, Gray, Cut. Manim. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. (1846,

pt.) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 70 (1849) ; Horsf. S^- Moore,

Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 703, pt. (1856-58) ; Sivinh. Ibis, 1861,

p. 259, pt. ; Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 37 (1862) ; Jerd. B.

Ind. i. p. 328 (1862); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 13; Seebohm, Ibis,

1878, p. 327 ; Blytk ^ Wald. B. Burmah, p. 79 (1875) ; Hume,

Str. F. xi. p. 70 (1882).
Cuculus fasciatus, Burm. Verz. Mus. Halle, p. 54 (1860).
Nicoclarius coucretus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyyod.-^. 6 (1854).
Cuculus swinhoei. Cab. ^y Heine, Mus. Hein. iy. p. 37, uote (1862) ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 216, no. 9002.
Cuculus hyperytlirus {nee Gould), Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 265.
Cuculus michieauus, Swinh. Ann. 8f Mag. N. II. (4) vi. p. 153 (1870) ;

J«yZ. iZ>2s, 1872, p. 13.
Cuculus sp., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoc. xiii. p. 457 (1878).

Adult. Above dark brown, shading into slaty grey on the back
of the neck and head ; tail rather paler brown, with a broad sub-
terminal bUick bar and a white tip, all the feathers having about
five or sis white spots on their quills, increasing in size towards
the 'outer feathers, and most of them having white notches on their
inner webs ; throat grey, sometimes shaded with dusky on the sides
of the crop ; sides of the head and neck rather darker grey, more
like the crown ; remainder of the underparts buff or white, rather
broadly barred with black, the under tail-coverts being less
regularly marked and with fewer bars ; under surface of the wings
as in G. canorus : " iris brown ; bill horny, below lighter and tinted
with yellow towards the base ; gape and eyelids bright yellow ;
feet and legs duller yellow ; two front claws horny, two hind ones
yellow " (C. T. Bimjliam). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1, wing 8,
tail 6-3, tarsus O-S.

Immature. Above brown, darker ou the head ; the crown and
neck thickly mottled with broad fulvous ends to the feathers ;
feathers ou the back and wings broadly tipped with rufous or buff;
tail very similar to that of the adult, but with the pale portion
more rufous ; beueatli buff, barred with black, and mottled with
grey on the throat in older specimens.

Hah. Indian Peninsula and Cejdon, ranging through the Bur-
mese provinces to Malacca, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, as far as
Ternate in the Moluccas, north to China and Japan.

a. Ad. sk. Ceylou. Hugh Cuming, Esq.

[C.].
h,c. Ad. sk. Ceylou (-?/. Aemll). xweeddale Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Coonoor, Nilghiris, July 28. Hume Coll.

e. Imm. sk. Malabar. Seebohm Coll.

f. J ad. sk. X. Kauara, May 3 {II. E. Hume Coll.

M. James).

(), cucrLUs.

243

(J. S ad. sk.

h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
h,l. Ad.sk.
m. Juv. sk.
n, 0. (5 tid. St.

p. Ad. sk.
q-s. Ad. ; t.

Juv. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. st.
«', .r, )/. Ad. ; ;:,

«', b'. Imm. sk
c'-»i'. Ad. ; «'-

^'. Imm. sk.
tt'-a". Ad. ; 6".

Juv. sk.
c", d". Ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
/". cJ ad. sk.

(j" . Ad. sk.
A", i". c? ad. ;

Z;". 2 ad. sk.
/". Ad. sk.
m" . Ad. sk.
«". Ad. sk.

o". $ ad. sk.

p",q". S ad.;

juv. sk.
t". (S ad. sk.

?«". S ad. sk.

('". J ad. sk.

«'". Ad. sk.
x" . c? ad. sk.

y". Ad. sk.
z"-c\ Ad. et

juv. sk.
d^-(f. Juv. sk.
h^-^. Ad.; wr'

o''. Juv. sk.
;>' c? ad. sk.

?', '-'-cJ^ juv.

sk.
«*. cJ ad. sk.

Landaur, June 1 ( W. E. Hume Col

JBrooks).

Masuri. Gould Coll.

Masuri (S. Pitiwill). Tweeddale Coll.

Naini Tal. Tweeddale Coll.

Sewalik Hills. Hume Coll.

Futtehgur District, June 10 Seebohm Coll.

(^A. Anderson).

Sultanpiir, Oudh. Hume Coll.

Nopal. Hodgson Coll.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).

Nepal.

Native Sikliim, May to July,

Sept., Oct. {L. MandelU). '
Sikhim, Jan., March to Oct.

(L. Manddli).
Darjeeling.

Dacca, Marcli.

Assam.

DoUah, Assam, April 27 {J.

Cockhuni),
Cachar (J. In (/lis).
Manipur, April (.-1. O. H.).

Comilla, Tippera.

Burma.

Karen Hills, Nov. (H. G.

IF. K).
Thayetmvo, March 26 {E.

W. Oates).
Pegu, April, Aug., Dec.

Tlioungyeen River, Tenas-
serim, March 4 ( C T. Bing-
ham).

Choulai Creek, Dec. 14 {W.
Davison).

Mooleyit, Feb. 21 ( W. Davi-
son).

Cambodia (Mouhot).

Klang, Salangore, Nov. 11
( W. Davison).

Peuang (Dr. Cantor).

Malacca.

Malacca (Dr. Cantor).
Malacca, July, Aug. (TV.

Davison).
S. Andamaus, Jan. 1) (JR. G.

W. It.).
Port Blfiir, S. Andamans, July,

Aug. (It. J. Wimherleij).
Mt. Harriett, S. Audamaus,

March ( W. Davison).

India Museum.
Hodgson CoU.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Oates Coll.

Himie Coll.

Hume Coll.

Himie Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddde Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale OoU.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

b2

244 CUCXTLID^.

f. S iid- sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll.

u^. Juv. sk. Java. Piircliased.

v\ Ad. St. Borneo. Purchased.

^«^.^•^ Ad.;?/', Sarawak, Borneo, Sept. A. H. Everett, Esq.

z^. Juv. sk. [G-]'

a\ Ad. sk. Shanghai ( Ccqjt. Ince). JNIi-s. Ince [P.].

6*. Juv. sk. Shanghai, China, July 29 Seebohm Coll.

{R. Sivinhoe).

c*. (S ad. sk. Ning-po, China, May (R. Seebohm Coll.

Sioi7ihoe).

d*. c^ ad. sk. Yezo, Japan. Tweeddale Coll.

«*. Imperfect Nepal. Hodgson Coll.

skeleton.

2. Cuculus gularis.

Le Coucou vulgaire d'Afrique, Levaill. Ois. cPAfr. v. p. 20, pis. 20,

21 (1806).
Cuculus gularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 83, pi. 17 (181-5) ; Hartl.

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 189 (1857) ; Laijard, B. S. Afr. p. 249 (1867) ;

Gray, Hand-l. £. ii. p. 215, no. 8986 (1870); Heuffl. Orn. N.O.-

Afr. pp. 781, clxiii (1871) ; Gurney in Anderss. B. Damara-Ld.

p. 228 (1872) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 585 ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874,

p. .366 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 139 (1877) ; Fisch. 8)- Reichen.

J. f. O. 1879, p. 341 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 113

(1881) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 245 ; Bohm, J. f. O. 1883, p. 165 ;

Schalotv, t. c. p. 345 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 148, 809

(1875-84) ; id. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xviii. p. 4.32 (1884) ;

Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 42 ; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Genov. 1888,

p. 213.
Cuculus capensis {nee P. L. S. MiilL), Cuv. R'egne Anim. i. p. 424

(1817).
Cuculus lineatus, Sivains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 178, pi. 18 (1837).
Cuculus ruficollis, Reuyl. Syst. Uebers. p. 49 (1859).
Cuculus leptodetus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 34, note (1862) ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215, no. 8993; Fischer, J.f. O. 1885,

p. 124 ; Matschie, J.f. O. 1887, p. 140.
Cuculus teniiirostris, Verr. MS., fide Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 781

Cuculus aurantiirostris, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 584.

Adult male. Yery similar to C. canorus, from which it differs in
the colouring of the bill and in the amount of the white marks on
the tail, which latter has a rather well marked dark subterminal
bar ; the bars on the breast generally a trifle narrower ; outer
tail-feather with about six complete white bars, indicated but not
complete on the remainder of the feathers, and diminishing in
extent towards the centre cues, where they are replaced by large
spots, much larger than in C. canorus ; basal third of the upper
mandible and two-thirds of the lower mandible yellow : " iris and
legs yellow" (T. E. Buckley). Total length 12"5 inches, culmen 1,
wing 8-5, tail 6-S, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Probably differs in plumage from the male in the
same manner as iu C. canorus, as some specimens, apparently females,

6. cncuLtTs. 245

have the lower iliroat and front of the breast very strongly shaded
with rufous-buff.

Immature. Diffi^rs from the adult in somewhat the same manner
as in C. canorvs, but the bars on the upper parts are mostlv
entirely white. •'

Hab. South and Central Africa, throughout Eastern and North-
eastern Africa to Upper Nubia, and occurring in Senegambia on
the West Coast.

a, h. S2 'id. sk. Lado, Equatorial Africa, April Emin Pasha [r.].

c. Ad. sk. 8assa, Niam-Niam Counti'v, F. BohndoriF rCl.

Sept. ' '- -'

d. Imm. sk. River Gambia {Sir A. SheUey Coll.

Molonei/),

e. Ad. ; /. Imm. Eathmst,'E. Gambia. Sharpe Coll. (Types
, ■ , . ^ „^.. , . of C. awantiirostris.')

i/',/?. cJ ad.; z. $ Otjimbinque, Damara-Laud, Sharpe Coll.
ad.; /c. Imm. March ((?. /. Andersson).
sk. ^

/. $ imm, sk. Ondonga, Ovampo-Land, Jan. Sharpe Coll

22 {C.J. Andersson).
m. (S ad. sk. Meathly R., Bamangwato, Shelley Coll

Oct. 24 {T. E. Buckley).
w. Ad. sk. South Africa. Earl of Derby [P.].

Cuculus canorus and its allies.
The group to which the Common Cuckoo belongs contains three
very closely allied species. C. canorus differs in its well-known
note from the other two, but very slightly in the plumage. If
we assign to it the following characters, we shall rarefy' fail
to recognize it :— Length of wing not less than S inches :" head
in the young with some white feathers; back of the head and
lower back not strongly barred in the rufous plumage. There is,
however, a small race with narrower bars found in Marocco, and'
apparently throughout the whole Mcditerraneo-Persic subre'gion,
extending down the Red Sea to East Africa and the Persian
Gulf. It has the true "cuckoo" note. The absence of white
feathers on the head of the young bird is a character confined to
C. hiUrmedhis and C. jwliocepJialus, while the barring of the hinder
crown and lower back is always very dislinct in C. intcrmedixs and
rarely occurs in C. 2^oliocep7iaIus, which by its short wing of only
6'5 inches may be easily recognized.

3. Cnculns canorus.

Cuculus oflnonis,7,w«. Syst. Xaf. i. p. 168 (1766) ; 7/or.v/. Trans.Linn
S. xiii. p. I7i1 (1821) ; A'ot/7». Vi>(/. I>ctd.-'c/il.T,h. 127 I'^S 11^9('IB')2-
53) ; Tvmm. Mait. d'Orv. i. p. 381 (1820) : Werner, Atlas, Zyood
pis. 1,2 (1828); Sykes,P.Z.lS. 1832, p. 98; Gould, L.Eur, iii. p. 240

246

(1837) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Bimj. xi. p. 901 (1842) ; -R«/)?j. Syst. Uehers.
p. 96 (1845) : Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 71 (1849) ; Kjcerb. Orn.
Dan. pi. 10, & Su2}pl. pi. 4 (1851) ; ScM. Vog. Nederl. pis. 55, 56
(1854-58) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 266 (1857) ; Horsf. ^ Moore,
Cat. B. Mvs. E.I. Co. ii. p. 702 (1858) ; Irby, Ibis, 18G1, p. 229 ;
Sundev. Svensk. Focjl. pi. 21. figs. 4, 5 (1862) ; Blakiston, Ibis,
1862, p. 325 : Cab. Sr Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 32 (1862) ; Jerd.
B. Ind. i. p. 322 (1862) ; Sinnh. Ibis, 1863, p. 396 ; Schl. Mvs.
Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 4 (1864) ; Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. ii. pi. 92
(1865-70) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 359 ; Tytler, Ibis, 1868, p. 202 ;
Blanf. Geol. I Zool. Abyss, p. 312 (1870) ; Fritsch, Voy. Eur.
pi. iv. figs. 8,9(1870); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215, no. 8985 ;
Stvinlt. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 395; Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 779
(1871) ; Shelley, B. Eqypt, p. 162 (1872) ; Gurney inAnderss. B.
Damara-Ld. p. 227 (1872) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 12 ; Cab. J.f. O.

1872, p. 235 ; Gotdd, B. Gt. Brit. iii. pis. 67, m (1873) ; Hume,
Nests ^ Egys Ind. B. p. 133 (1873) ; Alston i^ Harvie-Broivn, Ibis,

1873, p. 59; Brooke, t. c. p. 236; Coek &r Marshall, Str. F. i.
p. 351 (1873) ; Adams, t. c. p. 373 ; Stejneyer, J.f. O. 1873, p. 305 ;
Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 52 ; Dvrnford, 't. c. p. 395 ; Ball, Str. F. ii.
p. 393 (1874); Sivinh. Ibis, 1875, p. 125; Danford, t. c. p. 299;
Kriqjer, J. f. O. 1875, p. 279 ; Sachse, t. c. p. 424 ; Hmne,
Str. F. iii. p. 78 (1875) ; Brooks, t. c. p. 232 ; Byyrave Wharton,
-ZZii's, 1876, p. 26 ; Seebohm ^- Harvie-Bro%C7i, Ibis, 1876, p. 112;
Barratt, t. c. p. 199; Dresser, t. c. p. 320; Scully, Str. F. iv.
p. 134 (1870) ; Hume, t. c. p. 288; Schalo2v, J.f. O. 1876, p. 186;
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 138 (1877) ; David Sf Oust. Ois. Chine,
p. 64(1877); Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 342; War dhm Ramsay, i.e.
p. 458; Hume, Str. F.\. p. 27 (1877); Schalou; J.f. O. 1877,
p. 196 ; Dresse); B. Eur. v. p. 199, pi. 299 (1878) ; Danford, Ibis,
1878, p. 7 ; Blakiston ^ Fryer, t. c. p. 227 ; Seebohm, t. c. p. 326 :
Hume, Str. F.\i. p. 156(1878); Davidson S,- Weiiden, Str. F. vii.
p. 78 ; Butler, Str. F. vii. p. 181 (1878) ; Ball, t. c. p. 206 ; Finsch,
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 12 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Scully, t. c.
p. 253 ; A. Miill. J. f. O. 1879, p. 387 ; Leqge, B. Ceylon, i. p. 221
(1880); Wardlaw itamsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 50 ; Biddulph, Str. F.
ix. p. 314 (1889) ; Butler, t. c. p. 387 ; Barnes, t. c. p. 453 ;
Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 49 ; Scully, t. c. p. 430 : Reid, Str. F. x.
p. 26 (1881); Sadly, t. c. p. 102; Davison, t. c. p. 299; Swink.
Ibis, 1882, p. 103; Seebohm, t. c. pp. 209, 373; Shelley, t. c.
p. 309 ; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 103 (1883) ; See-
bohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 22 ; Severtz. t. c. p. 71 ; //•&/, t. c. p. 179 ;
Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 147, 809 (1875-84) ; Triitr.
Faun, if Flor. Palestine, p. 89 (1884) ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B.
ii. p. 378, pi. 19 (1884); Ayres, Ibis, 1884, p. 223; Saunders,
t. e. p. 380; Marshall, t. c. p. 410; Fisch. Zeitschr. ges. Orn.
1884, p. 365 ; Swi72h. ^- Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 63 ; Dixon, t. c.
p. 84 ; Menzbier, t. e. p. 257 ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 551 ;
Fisch. J.f. O. 1885, p. 124; Deditius, t. c. p. 203; Dubois, Bull.
Mus. Belg. 1885, p. 181 ; Schalow, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885,
p. 16 ; Booth, Rouqh Notes, part xiii. pi. ; Sharpie, Ibis, 1886,
pp. 489,498; Har'terf, J.f. O. 1886, p. 597; Styan, Ibis, 1887,
p. 230 ; Tait, t. c. p. 300 ; Bocaye, Jorn. Lisb. 1887, p. 5 ; levei-k.
J.f. 0. 1887, pp. 79, 191 ; W'. Mull, t. c. p. 169; Schalow, t. c.
p. 188 ; Hartert, t. c. p. 253 ; Eckstein, t. c. p. 286 ; St. John,
Ibis, 1889, p. 159 ; A. Miill. t. c. p. 219 ; Lilford, t. c. p. 330 ;
Oates, t. c. p. 355 ; Clarke, t. c. p. 549 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests

6. CTJCULTis. 247

i^- Ef/fjs, ii. p. 379 (1890): Seeh. Birds Japan. Emu. p. 1G9

(1890).
Le Coiicou, Montbeill. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 30/) (1779) ; Danhent.

iY.J?w7. vi.pl. 811.
Coucou du Cap de ]5onne Esp^rance, Month. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 390.
Cuculus capensis, P. L. S. Mull. Si/st. Nat. Suppl. p. 90 (1776) ; Gtn.

Si/st. Nat. i. p. 410 (1788) ; Steph. Gen. Z. ix. p. 80 (ISlo); Cah.

Sj- Heine, Mus. Heiu. iv. p. 42 (pt., 1802) ; Cass. Proc. Philad. Ac.

1804, p. 243.
Cuculus liepaticus, Sparnn. Mus. Carls, iii. p. 00 (1789) ; Lath. Ltd.

Orn. i. p. 215 (1790) ; Sunder. Krit. om Sparr7n. p. 10 (1857).
Cuculus rufus, LecJist. Nat. Hist. Deutschl. ii. p. 1142 (1792): id.

Orn. Taschenh. i. p. 84 (1802).
Cuculus ti'istis, Hermann, Ohserr. Zool. p. 131 (1804).
Coucou vulgaire d'Europe, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 26, pis. 202, 203

(1806). . I >

Cuculus borealis, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. i. p. 442 (1811).
Cuculus cinereus {nee VieilL), Brehn, Vd(/. Deutschl. p. 153 (1831).
? Cuculus tenuirostris, 8. Mull. T'erh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Vulk.

p. 235, note (1839-44) ; Ep. Consp. Av. i. p. 103 (1850) ; Cab. Sf

Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 39 (1862).
Cuculus loupipennis, Brehm, Natanannia, 1855, p. 271.
Cuculus striatus {nee Drap.), Swinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 259.
Cuculus telephonus, Heine, J.f. 0. 1863, p. 352.
Cuculus libanoticus, Tristr. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 4.32.
Cuculus canorus telephonus, Stejn. Btdl. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 29,

p. 224 (1885) ; Taczanowski, P. Z. 8. 1887, p. 607, 1888, p. 466.
Cuculus canorus borealis, Stejn. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 29, p. 225

(1885).
Cuculus peninsula, Stejn. t. c. p. 227.

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, slightlj' shaded
with olive on the mantle and wings ; quills dark brown, more or
less notched with white on the inner webs ; lateral upper tail-
coverts narrowly edged and partially barred with white ; tail slaty
black, with white ends to all the feathers and with about seven
double white spots along their shafts and white notches on their
inner webs, never forming bars across the feathers ; sides of the
head and neck, chin and throat grey, slightly paler than the
crown ; remainder of the underparts white, shaded with buff
on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, and very regularly barred
with dusky black ; axillaries and under wing-coverts barred like
the breast, with a portion near the bend of the wing and most of
the greater series leaden grey : quills beneath dusky brown, with
white bars on their inner webs, broadest and most strongly marked
towards the base of the feathers ; bill black, yellowish at the base
and edges ; iris and legs yellow. Total length 14 inches, culmen
0-9, wing S-9, tail 7, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Differs only in plumage from the male in having
the base of the throat shaded with rufous. Total length 12-0
inches, culmen 0-85, wing 8-3, tail G-8, tarsus 0-75.

NestUne/. General plumage above dark brown, partially barred
with rufous, with a narrow white terminal margin to each of the
feathers, broadest on the wings and tail ; crown and nape much

248 '

CUCTTLID.^?.

mottled with white ; sides of the head, chin, and throat blackish
brown and white in broad bars of nearly even breadth ; remainder
of the under surface of the body white, with blackish-brown bars
not half the width of the intervening white spaces. Total length
6"7 inches, wing 5.

Young nearly full-groivn. Above grey, passing into brownish
black on the head, wings, and tail ; crown and nape mottled with
white feathers ; feathers of the head, neck, wings, and tail
strongly barred with rufous ; remainder of the back much less
distinctly barred, each feather being tipped with white next to a
subterminal dark bar ; tail with waved rufous bars passing into
white near the shafts of the feathers and with white ends ; general
colour of the nuderparts huffish white, with blackish-brown bars,
slightly broader on the chin and throat than on the breast. Total
length 11-7 inches, wing 7'25.

Hepatic ^jJiase. General colour of the iipper parts cinnamon,
barred on the head, mantle, and wings with dusky black ; lower
back and upper tail-coverts with a few black spots next to their
shafts ; outer tail-coverts with partial traces of dark bars ; tail
partially barred with black and marked with white near the shafts,
the tips, and some of the edges of the feathers, and with a broad
subterminal black band ; underparts huffish white, rather darker
on the throat, and all the feathers barred with dusky black.
Total length 11-7 inches, culmcn 0-S.3, wing S-5. tail (5-7, tarsus
0-75.

Hah. Nearly the whole of the Old World.

a. Juv. sk.

b. Juv. St.

c. Juv. sk.

d. Imm. st.

e. Juv. hepat. sk.
/. d ad. ; (/-

k. Juv. st.
/. 2 ad. sk.

m. 2 ad. sk.
w. [ 2 ad.] sk.

0. .Juv. sk.

p, Juv. st.

q. c? juv. sk.

r. Juv. sk.

s. c? ad. sk.
t. Juv. sk.

u-w. Ad.; .r-a'.
Juv. sk.

WhitebiU, Midlothian (Jl. G.

W. R.).
Leicestershire.

Cambridgeshire.
Cambridgeshi]-e.
Aylesbury, Bucks.
Cookham, May, July ( W.

Brifff/s).
West Draj'tou, Middlesex,

June.
Highgate, May 30 (S. B. S.).
Kingsbury, June 2.

Brentford, Sept. 9.

Clapham, August.

W^andsworth, Oct. 14.

Romney, Kent, Sept.

Brighton, May 2.
Pagham, Sussex, July.

Avington, Hants. May. .Tuly,

Xwg. {O. E, 8.).

Tweeddale Coll.

Theodore Walker,

Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Mr. Baker.
Forbes Coll.
IJ. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

[P.].
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
J. E. Harting, Esq.

[P.].
J. R. Cunuiugton,

Esq. [P.].
J. E. Harting, Esq.

[P.].
Alex. Brooke, Esq.

[P.].
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Gould Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, E:^q.

[P.].
Shelley Coll.

C). CUCCLUS.

249

b'. 2 ad. sk._
c',d'. Ad. et juv.

sk.
e'. $ juv. hepat.

sk.
/'. Var. alb. sk.

ff'. Ad. St.
/*'. 2 ad. sk.
i', k'. J ad. .sk.

/'. J ad. sk.

in'. S ad. sk.
n'. Pull. sk.
o'. Juv. sk.
li'. $ ad. sk.

q' , )•'. Ad. ; A-'.

Imin. sk.
i'. cf ad. sk.

11. Ad. sk.
J)'. $ juv. sk.

?y'. J juv. sk.

.1''. Ad. St.

y'. $ jr. hepat.

sk.
s'. $ ad. St.
«", i". Ad.; c".

Juv. hepat. sk.
fl". S 'id. sk.

e". Ad. sk.
f",if. cJad.sk.
A". Ad. sk.
i". Imm. sk.
k'' , I". Imm. sk.

m'', 71.". c? ad. ;
o". 2 ad. sk.
;j". $ ad. sk.

q". Juv. hepat.

sk.
r". 2 iiuiu. sk.

s", t". Imm. sk.

w". Ad. sk.
y". Ad. sk.

w". Ad. sk.
.r". c? juv. .sk.
y", 5". c? ad. .sk.

Christchurcii, Hants.
Devonshire.

Baron A. von Hiigel.
Montagu Coll.

Avetongifford,

Aug. 1.
Cornwall.

Europe.

Norwaj', July.

ykane, Sweden, June {^W.

Meoes).
Wermland, .Inly 7 {]V. M.).

Holland.

Westphalia.

Nice.'

Seville, Spain, Aug. {Howard

Saunders).
Tangiers.

Waregra, Tunis, March (O.

Salvin).
Athens.
Turkey, Sept. (7'. Robson).

Smyrna, .lune 28 (7'. Kriiper).
Erzerouui {Dickson ^' Soss).
Erzeroum, Sept. (Dickson i^-

Ross).
Merom, Palestine.
Egypt, April.

Anseba Valley, liogos, Aug. 4,

1868.
Ailat, Bogos (JEsler).
Massowah ( W. Jesse).
Abyssinia ( Verreaux).
Fantee.
Connor's Hill, Fantee, Nov. 2

{H. T. Ussher).
Otjimbinque, Damara-Land,

Feb .-Apr. (C. J. Andersson).
Ondonga, Ovampo-Laud, Dec.

22 (C. J. A.).
S.E. Africa.

Potchefstroum, Jan. (T.

Ay res).
Transvaal, Dec, Jan.

Zambesi.

Mamboio, E. Africa (Sir J.

Kirk).
Jeddah, Arabia (Zo/irab).
Mesopotamia {Conim. Jones).
Bushii-e, Persian Gulf, April

10, 1885.

Devonshire, R. P. Nicholls, Esq.
_[P.].
Sir Joseph Banks,

[P.].
General Hardwicke.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Consul Merlin.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Seebohm CoU.
Zoological Societv.
Gould CoU.

Canon Tristram [C.].
Shelley Coll.

W. T. Blanford, E.sq.

[C.].

SheUev Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
A. Swanzy,Esq. [P.].
Sharpe Coll.

Sharpe Coll.

Sharpe Coll.

John Rocke, Esq.

[P.J.
Shelley Coll.

F. A. Ban-att, Esq.

[P.].
Dr. Bradshaw [CI.
Shelley Coll.

Shelley Coll.

India Museum.

A. J. V. Palmer, Esq.

lP.].

250

CTTCTJLID^.

«'. Juv. sk.

¥. S ad. sk.

c^. Juv. sk.
(P, e^. Imm. sk.
f. Sjuv.sk.
ff. cS imm. sk.
P. S fid. sk.
v\ 2 ad. sk.
h\ 6 ad. sk.

f . Ad. slv.

»>t'. Juv. liepat.

sk.
n^. Ad. ; o^.

Jut. sk.
p^. Ad. sk.
ff- 6 juv.hepat.

sk.
j-^«\'Ad.; f.<^

juv. hepat. sk.
?<■''• 5 juv. sk.

ifi, id^. 2 ad. sk.

.r'. Ad. sk.
if. S ad. .sk.
s^. S ad. sk.

«'. <S ad. ; 6'.

Juv. sk.
C. Ad. sk.
rf'. 2 ad. sk.

e', /■■». Ad. sk.
f/\'h\ Ad.sk.
V^,/c^ S ad.; /^.

juv. sk.
mK Ad.; Ji'. c?

juv. sk.
o'. .Juv. sk.
^'-z«*. <S ad. et

juv. ; ?)*-6^ 2

ad. et juv. sk.
e% <Z'. c? ad. et

juv. ; e%f\ 2

ad. sk.
</5. c? ad. sk.
'N'. Ad.; iM«.

Imm. sk.
m^, 7i''. Ad. sk.
o\ Ad. sk.

j^-s\ Ad.; ^^
Juv. sk,

Fao, Persian Gulf.

Mount Masliish, Persia, May

21.
Sliiraz, July.
Teheran.

Nukuss, River Oxii.'!, Aug.
Uzgent, Oct.
Karakol, July.
Vernoi, July.
Ala Kul, Turkestan, Mav (Br.

O. Finsch).
Tokulko, Baluchistan, May

(0. T. Duke).
Shawlkote, June (O. T. Duke).

Afghanistan (Griffith).

Jugdulluk (Griffith).
Candahar, June 23 (<SV> O.

St. John).
Quetta, May 1881.

Karachi, Sept. .30 (K A.

Butler).
Deesa, Aug., Sept. (D. A.

Butler).
Mount Aboo.

Sambhur, .Mav (li. M. Adam).
Delhi, AprU IS ( C. T. Bimj-

ham).
Umbala, Aug.

Sirsa. Punjab.

Sharpoor, Kangra ^'idlev,

May 10.
Cashmere (Dr. Bellcn).
Cashmere, Aug.
Gilgit, May, Aug.

MuiTee.

Kotegurh, April.

Simla, May, July, Aug., S(>pt.

Simla, June, July, Sept.

Simla, June.
N.W. Himalayas.

Delira Uhoon.

Kalsi, Dhoon, April 26 {G.

F. L. Marshall).
Kumaun (Strarhci/).

W.D. Gumming, Esq.

[P.].
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
Su- 0. St. John [C.].
C. Darwin, Esq. [P.].
Severtzoif Coll.
Severtzoff Coll.
Severtzoff Coll.
Severtzoff Coll.
Geosr. Soc. Bremen

[P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Colonel Swinhoe[P.].

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Colonel Butler [C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Colonel Biddulph

Colonel Bid<lulph

[c.].

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll

Col. J. Biddulph [C.].
Pinwill Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

India Museum.

«5. ij ad. sk.
t'', jv^. Ad. ; .r%
y°. Imm. sk.
2^ «". c? ? ad. sk.

i''. Juv. sk.
c'. c? imm. .sk.
^Z",c«. d ad. ;/s.

2 imm. sk.
ff'. Ad. St.
A"-^''. Ad. ; /'-
r''. Imm. sk.
s^ Ad. sk.
^i^ Ad. ; «'\ Juv.

sk.
v^-s'^ Ad. ; «--

Z;". Imm. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
nv. Imm. sk.
»". Ad. sk.
o^ Ad. sk.
;»". Ad. sk.
?', '■'• d $ ad. ;

s". (S juv. sk.
i'-s'. d' ad. et

imm. ; «■'-(-^ ^

ad. et imm. sk.
/\ (5 imm. .ik.
.'Z'*, h-. Ad. sk.
»■", Z;^ cf ad. sk.

f*. Ad. .sk.
m". (^ imm. sk.

n^, 0*. Imm. sk.
/J'*. Ad. sk.
'f. 2 ad. .sk.

'■'. Juv. sk.
«^ $ imm. .sk.

0. CTJCTJLTJS.

Almorah, May 15.
Etawah, Aug., Sept.

Futtebgurh Dist., May, Aug.

(A. Anderson).
Gondah, Oudli (,S'. Phucill).
Saugor, Sept. 11.
Nepal Valley, Aug., Sept. {J.

Hculli/).
Nepal.
Nepal.

Thibet.

Native Sikhim, Mairli, Oct.

(Z. Mandelli).
Sikhim, May, Sept., Oct. (Z.

Mandelli).
Drti-jiling, April.
Darjiling (7'wrw«j.
Bhutan (Pemberton).
Khasia Hills (Jei-doti).
Assam.
Shillong, July, May (.4. TV.

Ckemiell).
Shillong, July, Aug., Oct. (/.
Cockbuni) .

Dibrughm-, Aug. (J. H. Cripps).

Cachar.

Manipur, April, Mav (A.

0. H.).
Dacca, ilarch.
UaiTackpur, Sept. (Z*. C.

Bearan).
Eaipur.

Mhow (i?. Blackburn).
Belgaum, Oct. 7 {K A.

Butler).
Malabar.
Mysore, Nov.

251

r. 2 imm. .-k.

"''. Juv. sk.

i-'*, zo'*. Ad. sk.
.v'. Ad. sk.
y^z". d ad. sk.

a'-c". c? ad. et
imm. ; cP-f^.
$ ad. et imm.
sk.

ff". 2 imm. sk.

sk.
k". Imm. sk.

Kotagherry, Oct. I'G {Mm

Cockbitrn).
Travancore, Feb.

Tippera.
Burma.
Karen-nee, March (P. G.

W. P.).
Pegu, Feb., Sept., Oct., Nov.

S. Andamans, Nov. 16.

S. Andamans, Nov. (P. G

W. P.).
Malacca (ih-. Maingay).

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

Earl Gifford [P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hmne Coll.
India Museum.
India Museum.
Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume CoU.

Seebohm Coll.

W. Davison, Fsri.

[P.].
Hume CoU.

F. BourdiUon, Esq.

[C.].
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Gates CoU.

Hume CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

252

l\ Ad. sk.
wi". Ad. sk.
m". Ad. sk.

o^. Ad. sk.

y . Ad. sk.
q\ Ad. sk.
»•". c? ad. sk.
s. cj inim. sk.
f,u\ c? ad. sk.
v^, w^. Inim. sk.
.%■". Juv. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
s9. Ad. sk.
fli". Ad. sk.
S"". cJ ad. sk.
c^°. 2 inim. sk.
d'°. Imm. sk.
ei°. Ad. sk.
/". c? ad. sk.
(/">. Juv. sk.
'/i'°, ^■"'. Ad. sk.
A-'", ^'^ d 2 ad.

sk.
m^°. Imm. sk.
wi". Juv. sk.
o'°. Imm. sk.
2}'°,q^''. Skeleton.
r'^". Skeleton;

s">, f. Skulls.
M^°. Sternum.
f'". Sternum.
?f''°. Sternum ;

•r'". Bones of

trimk.

Singapore.
Java (Horsjield).
Dahat Island, Dec. 28.

Kina Benua River, Labuan,

March.
Philippines.
Menado, Celebes.
Batchian.

Amboyna (A. R. Wallace).
Timor.

ISIorty Island.

Port Moresby, New Guinea.
Port Denison, Dec.
Cape York.
Japan.
Yezo.

Hakodadi, Sept. (H. Whitely).
Yokohama {11. Fryer).
Yeddo.

Teintsin (-R. Swinhoe).
China.

Ichaiig, N. China.
Pekin, July, Sept. {M. Stvin-

hoe).
S. Manchuria.
Shanghai {H. Sivmhoe).
Foochow, Oct. {R. Sivhihoe).
England.
South Gennany.

England.

Europe.

Nepal.

4. Cuculus intermedius.

Gould CoU.

India Museum.

A. H. Everett, Esq.

[C.].
Governor U8sher[C.].

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Mr. A. Goldie [(".].
Forbes Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Ml-. Pratt [C.].
Seebohm Coll.

Dr. James [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Purchased.
Dr. A. Giinther.

G. Ingall,Esq. [P.].
M. Lefevre.
Hodgson Coll.

Cuculus intermedius, Vahl, Skrir, of Natunr. ISelsk. iv. p. 58 (1797) ;

Gates, ed. Hume\'> Xcsfs ^- Eggs Ltd. B. ii. p. 381 (1800); Seeh.

Birds Japan. Emp. ]). KiO (1890).
Cuculus striatus, l)rap. Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. p. 570 (1823) ; id.

Diet. Class. Sc. iii. p. 144 (1838) ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E.I. Co. ii. p. 703, pt. (1856-58) ; Swinh. Ibis, 18G1, pp. 259, 340;

Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 37 (1862) ; Sehl. Mus. Bai/s-Bas,

Cuculi, p. 7 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 359; Sirinh. P. Z. 8.

1871, p. 395 ; Hume, Sir. F. i. p. 422 (1873) ; id. Nests S,- Ei/qslnd.

B. p. 134 (1873) ; id. Str. F. ii. pp. 190,472 ; Bosenb. Reisi. naar

GeelvinU. p. 6 (1875) ; Hume, Str. F. vi. p. 156 (1878), viii. pp.

53, 88 (1879) ; Scidly, t. c. p. 254 ; Dainson, t. c. p. 359 ; A. Mull.

J. f. O. 1882, p. 406 ; Oates, Hamlb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 105

(1883) ; id. Ibis, 1889, p. 357.
Cuculus himalayanus, Ju/. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 172; Bli/th, Cat. B.

Mus. As. Sac. ^. 71 (1849); Horsf. Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I.

Co. ii. p. 704 (1858) ; Jerd. B. In'd. i. p. 323 (1862) ; Ti/tler, Ibis,

1868, p. 202; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 12 ; Seebohm. Ibis, 18t8, p. 326;

Shar2}e, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 327 ; Biddtdph, Str. F ix. p. 314 (1880) ;

tl. cucuLus. 253

^ •!• ^'.^ 7 »*' ^"^- ^'■'^- ^- "• P- ^79 (1884) ; id. I/Hs, I88i,
p. 36; Marshall, /. c. p. 410. , ' " >

Cuculiis canoroides, S. MUl.Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk. p 285
note (l&,jy-44) ; i?;,. Consp. Av. i. p. 103 QSoO) • r^'raw P y S'

iTsD^vilp'S ''?^;^'^- ^j ''• ^^^^' p- 484V -^S;cM?^r^;.t«:

?iii^ *^oi I: ^''"^'^' ^- ^^traha, p. 614 (1865) : /,Vy^/(, //y,x

1865, p. 31 ; Graij, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 216, no. 0006 (1870) ; BlutlL

Li'- f «'"'«?^*' P- '9 (1875) ; Wardlaiv Ramsay, F. Z. 8. 1876

Fi«7^; n 4;f- 1-'''-/i"1- ^'''- ^"**''^- ^- P- 124 (1877), xiii. p. 457

V ; ]'/^ "'»^' ^'"^ ^""'- 'S''>c. i\^. <S'. ^«fes, iv. p. 96 (1879);
iMlmd. Om Papuasia, i. p. 328 (1880), App. op.cit.v. 48 1888
Bias. u. Nehrk. Verh. Gesellsch. Wien, 1882, v -ill ■ Finsch vl
ff L*f T' P; 16 (1884) ; Fleske, Bull Act. 'At^rsb! xxi^ p. 5^

p. 306 ; IMutehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 46

n;t1'(1862)"^" ""^'P' ^ ^^ ' ^''^' "^ ^'''''' Mus.HeiJ.U.^i^,

^^'''i*^ S?-?' r^'"/f'zf-f '^^ 1^^^' P- 18,- (?my, G«^. ^. ii.
p. 463 (184/) ; &0M^ ^. ^2<rf;-fl/,«, iv. pi. 48 ; id. Introd. B. Aus-
traha^.Q, (1848); Rchl. Vocj. NeiAoll.n. pp. 113, 309 (1851)-

?^4j3^6^ '■''' ^'"''^-^ ''"'■ ^- ^->^--^- iv:

Nicoclarms optatus, i?^. Co«.;;. Vol. Zi/cjod. p. 6, sp. 168 (1854) ; Gray,
Kand-l. B. ii, p. 216, no. 9007 (1870) "^ ^ "^ ^ . '^' "y,

Nicoclarius caiaoroides, Bp Consp Vol. Zygod. p. 6, sp. 169 (1854) ;
Gnuj, Hand-l. B. u. p. 216 (1870). c- > i- v 1 1

Cuculus horsfieldi, M;o/.«, C«^. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 703 (1858)

Cucu us Wus, Peale,U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 136, pi. 37. fig. 2 (1848) ;
^?ti.;1l6,^o'^'9V^r87(;;- '•''' ^'^^^ O^^y^anll

Cuculus teujurostris {nee Less.), Cass. U.S. Eipl. E.vped. 1858, p. 244,

Cuculus iudicus, Cab. 4'- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 34 (186"^) ■ Tac~
J.f. O. 1876, p. 200; id. Bull. Sac. Z. Franeefim^,^. 395; Dub
op. at. 1883, p 368; Lorenz, Beitr. Orn.Kauk. p. 43 (1887
Cuculus cantor, Ill.,Jide Cab. ^' Heine, Mus. Hein h: p. 34 (186->i
Cuciilus ciiuonuus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 35 (1862) • Gieb
nes. Orn .. p. 834 (1872) ; Taezan. J. f. 0.^873 pp 96, 1 8
Salcad. U^c^Borneo, p. 67 (1874); SwLh. Ibis, 1876, p. 45i;

{im")' ^' "' P- '^^ ' '^^ ■^■"- ^''- ^'•^- ^''^- ^^^«*-^i- P- 182

Cuculus swiuhoii, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 37, note (186")
"i^t 216:^3 gS?$ ^^' "^'^ P- •''' 0;ay,Aid^'B.

""^^^^iSr^'- '"'' ''''' p- ''' ' ^'■"^' ^"^^- ^•

.lcj«?< ma/e. Very similar to C. canorus, but smaller, ^^•ith the bill
slightly shorter and stouter. The plumage difters iu the upper parts
being ol a deeper and more blue-grey, the breast and under tail-
coverts more washed with buff, and the bars on the body black
broader and more sharply detiued than in C. canorus : " hi above

254 cvcvi.TDJS.

blackish, below greeuish : gape and mouth inside deep orange ; eye-
lids bright yellow ; irides stone-colour ; legs dull yellow, claws
pale " (J. E. Cripps). Total length 12-8 inches, culracn 0-9, wing
7*4, tail 6-3, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Differs only in plumage from the male in having
the base of the throat shaded with huffish rufous, as is the case in
C. canonis. Total length 11'5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 7"4, tail 6,
tarsus 0'7.

Nestling. General plumage above blackish brown, with naiTow
terminal white margins to the feathers, which margins are broadest
on the wings and tail ; the wliito nuchal patch so characteristic of
C. canorus is indicated by three white feathers ; a few rufous partial
bars on the wings and tail ; chin and throat blackish brown, the
feathers of the latter with very narrow whitish terminal edges ;
remainder of the under surface of the body blackish brown and
white in broad bars of even width. Total length 5 inches,
wing 3-7.

YoiOKj, nearly full-(/rown. Differs from C. canorus at this stage in
being much blacker, in generally having no white feathers on the
nape, and in the greater breadth of the black bars on the throat and
breast, which are seldom nari'ower than the white space between
them.

Rufous phase. Compared with the rufous phase of C. canorus, ii
is darker, the dark bars being broader and blacker ; lower back and
upper tail-coverts barred with black like the crown : tail with very
distinct black bars forming angles at the shafts of the feathers ;
under surface of the body similarly coloured, but much more broadly
barred with black than in C. canorus. Total length 11-1 inches,
culmen 0-85, wing 7, tail 6"1, tarsus ((■7.

Ilab. From Siberia and Japan south throughout China and the
Indian peninsula, through the Malay Archipelago to New Guinea,
New Britain, and Australia.

(I. 2 juv. sk. Jodhpur, Rajpootana. Hume Coll.

f/. cJ ad. sk. Sidapur, May 18 {J. Scully). Seebohm Coll.

c, d. 5 ad. sk. Ruttuii Pir Mountain, Cash- Hmue Coll.

mere, June 17.

('. Juv. sk. Kotegurh, April. Hume Coll.

f. 2 juv. sk. Simla, Jidy {It. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.

y. 2 imm. sk. Kalsi {G. F. L. Marshall). Hume Coll.

h. S ad. ; i, k. Naiui Tal, June. Hume CoU.

Juv. sk.

/. S ad. sk. Futtehgurh Dist., May {A. Seebohm Coll.

Anderson),

m. cJad.;?*. 2 Nepal Valley, July, Sept. (J. Hume Coll.

juv. sk. Scully),

o-t. Ad. ; u-y. Nepal. Hodgson CoU.

Juv. sk.

s, a. Ad. sk. Nepal {B. H. Sodyson). India Museum.

(Types of C. saturatus.)

b'. Ad.; c', d'. Native Sikhim, April, June, Hume Coll.

e'. Imm. sk. Jidy, Sept. {L. Mamlelli).

f'-k'. Ad. et

juv. sk.
I'-s'. Ad. et
^ juv. sk.
t', u'. Ad. sk.

v'. cJ jiiv. sk.

?<^'-3'. S ad. sk.

«"j^"- d $ad. sk.
c". 2 ad. sk.
d". 2 juv. sk.

e",f",(j". Ad.sk.

/*". c? ad. sk.
e"._ c? ad. ; A". 5

juv. sk.
/". Ad. sk.
m!'. (S ad. ; m".

juv. sk.
0". Ad. sk.
p". Imni. sk.
</", r". Ad. : s" .

Juv. sk.
t" . Juv. sk.
m"-2<;". Ad. sk.
■t". Ad. St.
y",z",a\ Imm.sk.
b\ Juv. sk.
c^V- Ad. sk.
/i^. Juv. sk.
I'. Ad. sk.
/^', ^^ Ad. et

imm. sk.
in\ Ad. sk.
«'. Imm. sk.
o'-w'. Ad. et

juv. sk.
■i-l $ ad. sk.

^'. Ad. sk.

~\ cJ imm. ; «'.

$ ad. sk.
h'-kK Ad.etiuv.

sk.

6. CUCtlLUS.

iSikliim, tJepL., Nov.

Mandelli).
13iH"jeeling.

255

(Z.

Hume Coll.
Ilumo Coll.
Ilume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Dollah, Assam, April (J.
Cockburn).

Shilloug, Sept. 8 {J. Cock-
burn).

Hibiughur, jMarch, April (J.
H. C'n'pps).

Muuipur, April, May {A. O. H.). Hume Cull.

Pegu, Oct. Gates Coll.

Kanee, Houngtliraw R., Jan. Hume Coll
9 ( W. Davison).

S. Audamans, Dec, Jan. {E. Tweeddale Coll.
't. W. Ji.).

Port Elair, Feb. Hume Coll.

Ivoudul Island, Nicobars, Hume CoU.

March.

Sumatra ( C. Bock).

Java.

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Manila, Dec.
Pelew Islands.
Meuado, N. Celebes.

Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.

Wallace CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.

Makassar.

Eatchian (A. S. Wallace).

Batchian.

Morty Is and {A. H. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll

-blores (A. R. Wallace). Seebohm CoU

wTi, ^, .. Wallace CoU.'

Astrolabe Mts., New Guinea. A. Goldie, Esq. fC 1

I ort Essmgton. Seebohm CoU '^'

Cape lork {Cockerell ^- Salvin-Godmau CoU
Iliorpe).

J^P'^^- ^ Seebohm Coll.

1 aiwan, Formosa {R. Swi'nkoe) . Seebohm CoU

Formosa, April, May {R. Seebohm CoU.

^woi/ioe).

Takow Formosa, May -21 {R. Seebohm Coll.

Swin/wc). (Typeof C. mo7iosyllabicus.)

lfl''''-r r Seebohm CoU. ^

Clietoo, May, June {R. 6'win- Seebohm Coll

noe).

Amoy, April, May, Oct. (R. Seebohm Coll.

owinkoe).

o. Cuculus poliocephalus.

Cuculus poliocephalus Z«^/^ Ind. Orn. i. p. 214 (1790); Gould, Cent

iv' ; •« ^' n<^o\l '04 (1856-58); Cab. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein.
IV. p. 38, note (18bO) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 324 (1862) SchL M^
Rays-Bas, Cucuh, p. 12(1864); Jerdhbis, 1872, p ll Gray

256 cucuLiD^.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215, no. 8990 ; Hume, Nests i,- Eyys hid. B. p. 135

(1873) ; Milne-Edw. S,- Grand. Hist. Madaq. Ois., Atlas, i. pi. 66

(1876); Fairbanli,8tr.F.i\.^. 2-55 (1876); David ^- Oust. Ois.

Chine, p. 66 (1877) ; Davidson ^ Wenden, Sir. F. yn. p. 78 (1878) ;

Hume, Sir. F. viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 394 ; Leqf/e,

B. Ceylon, p. 231 (1880) ; Vidal, Sfr. F. ix. p. 54 (1880) ; Butler,

t. c. p. 388 ; Davison, Str. F. x. p. 299 (1881) ; Shar^je, Ibis, 1888,

p. 394 ; Oates, Ibis, 1889, p. 357 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 11.
Cuculus himalayanus vel bharoviis, Hode/x. Zoo/. Misc. p. 85 (1831).
Cuculus canorus (7iec Linn.), Desjard. P. Z. S. 1832, p. Ill ; Hartl.

Ann. Sf May. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 391 (1848) ; id. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 110 ;

Vinson,' Voy. Maday. p. 88 (1865) ; Verr. Ann. B., Voy. Madag.

Vinson, p. 3 (1865).
Le PigeoD ramier gris et verdatre, Sganzin, Mem. Sac. Mus. Hist.

Nat. Strasboiirg, 1840, p. 40.
Hierococcyx poliocephalus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 104 (1850).
Cuculus bartlettii, Layard, Aiin. Sj- May. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii.

p. 452 (1854).
Nicoclariu.s tenuirostris {nee Less.), Bp. Consp. Vol. Zi/yod. p. 6

(1854).
Cuculus rocbii, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 224: Bach ^- Newton, Ibis,

1863, p. 106 ; F. Neiotou, t. c. p. 453 ; Poll. Ned. Tijdsch. v. d.

Dierk. p. 300 (1863) ; Sehl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ; Schl S,- Poll.

Faun. Madaq. ii. Ois. p. 5.3 (1868) : Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. ]>. 215,

no. 8992 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 399, 1873, p. 582; Hartl. Viiq.

Maday. p. 253 (1877) ; Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771.
Cuculus clamosus (nee Lath.), Coqiierel, Bull. Soc. Accl. Bunion, ii.

p. 10 (1864).
Cuculus tamsuicus, Sivinh. Ibis, 1865, p. 108.
Cuculus himalayanus {nee l^iq.), Grand. Rev. et May. Zool. 1867,

p. 418; Poll. Fatui. Maday'. Brtat. Voy. i. p. 198 (1877).
Cuculus sp. inc., Blakiston >.y Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 227.
Cuculus poliocephalus, vav. rochii, Milne-Edw. ^-Grand. Hist. Maday.,

Ois. i. p. 176 (1879).
Cuculus leptodetus (nee Cah.), Dubois, Btdl. Mus. Hist. Nat. Bely.

iv. p. 147 (1886).
Cuculus stormsi, Dubois, Btdl. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belq. v. p. 3, pi. 2

(1887).

Aditlt male. Very similar in plumage to C. canorus, but with the
upper parts darker and with the bars on the breast rather broader
and blacker. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-75, wing (>-4, tail 5*8,
tarsus 0"6.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male, only with a slight
rufous-butf shade at the base of the grey neck. Total length 9-4
inches, eulmen 0'7, wing oS, tail 5, tarsus 0-6.

Rufous plumage. Very similar to that of C. canorus, but generally
darker. Upper half of the head, back of the neck, lower back, and
upper tail-coverts uniform rufous, as in C. canorus, or more rarely
with dark bars, as in C. intermedius. Underparts whitish, with
broad black bars, and washed with rufous on the throat, most strongly
so on the sides. " Legs, feet, eyelids, and base of lower mandible
lemon-yellow ; bill blackish brown, lower mandible brownish yellow ;
gape orange-red ; claws pale " (E. A. Butler).

Ncstliny. Similar to that of C. iatermedlus.

n. CTTCTJLtrs. 257

]Iah. Japan and N. China, ranging south through India to Ceylon;
Malay Peninsula to Java and Borneo : also common in Madagascar
and occurring more rarely in Africa south of about G" N. lat.

a, b. Ad. sk.

c. Imm. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

e. PuU. sk.
/. 6 ad. sk,

fj. Ad. sk.

h, i. Ad. ; k-p.

Juv. sk.
q, r, s. Ad. ; t,

n. Juv. sk.
V, IV, .V. Ad. ; y-

d'. Imm. sk.
e'-k'. Ad. ; I'-v .

Imm. sk.
w'. Ad. ; x'-a".

Juv. sk.
b", c", d". Ad. ; e"
-h". Imm. sk.
i", k". xid. ; /".

Juv. sk.
m",n".(S $ad. sk.
o". (S juv. sk.

p", q". Juv. sk.

r" . cJ imm. sk.

*■". $ imm. sk.
t". tS ad. sk.

ii". (S ad. sk.
v". $ juv. sk.
lo" , x" . Juv. sk.
y", z". <i ad. :
a^. Imm. sk.
6^. Imm. sk.
c^ Ad. sk.
fP, e'. Ad. sk.

/^ d ad.;^\

Juv. sk.
A'. Juv. sk.
^. Juv. sk.
A'. Juv. sk.
J?, m?. Ad. : h\

0^. Juv. sk.
y, g^, H. Ad. sk.
«^ Ad. ; t\ u\

Juv. sk.
v'. Ad. sk.
ic'^. Bones of trunk

VOL. Xli.

Cashmere.

jMurree.

Nagkunda, Jime 17.

Kumaon.

Futtehgiu-h District, May 29

{A. Anderson).
Oudh.
Nepal.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).

N'ative Sikhim, May to Aug.

{L. 3Iandelli).
Sikhim, April, June, Sept., Oct.

(Z. MandelU).
Darjiliug.

Darjiling.

Assam, May [A. W. ChenneU).

Shillong, Julv, ^e^t.{J.Cockhwn).
Dibrughm-, Aug. 21 (J. R.

Cripps).
Dhulia, Khandeish, Sept., Oct.

{J. Davidsoji).
Ratnagiri, S. Konkau, Nov. 5

{G. Vidal).
Belgaum, Oct. {E. A. Butler).
Cauuanore, Sept. 7 (R. G

W. R.).
Madras.

Colombo, Ceylon, Dec.
Ceylon {H. Xevitl).
W." Java {A. R. Wallace).

Chma.

Ichang, W. China.

Amoy, China, May (R. ,'^win-

hoe).
Yokohama, Japan.

Fantee, "W. Africa {Anbinn).
Durban [Gordye).
Lanui {Sir J. Kirk).
Madagascar.

Retsileo, Madagascar.
Betsileo.

N.E. Madagascar. F. Pollen TQ 1

N^P^- Hodgson Colt

Hume Coll.

Colonel Way [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Seebohm CoU.

Pinwill Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

India Museum.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm CoU.
Ml-. Pratt [C.].
Seebohm CoU.

Seebohm CoU.

Sharpe CoU.
SheUev CoU.
Shelley CoU.
Seebohm CoU.

Rev. J. Shaw [C.].
Rev. Deans Cowan

[C.].

258

6. Cuculus solitarius.

Le Coucou solitaire, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 35, pi. 206 (1806).
Cuculus solitarius, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 84, pi. 18 (1815) ; Vieill.

Enc. Meth. p. 1336 (1823; ; Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 213; Layard,

B. S. Afr. p. 248 (1867) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 582 ; Ayres,

Ibis, 1876, p. 433 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 309 ; Sharpe, ed.

Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 149, 809 (1875-84) ; id. Joiirn. Linn. Soc,

Zool. xvii. p. 432 ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. 1888, p. 214.
Cuculus rubeculus, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 181 (18i37) ; Fraser,

P. Z. S. 1843, p. 52 ; Ha)-tl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 190 (1857) ; id. J.f. O.

1861, p. 205; Cab. Sf IIei}ie, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 40 (1862); Mo7it.

P. Z. S. 1866, p. 92 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 485 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 215, no. 8991 (1870) ; Eeichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 16.
Cuculus capeusis {nee Miill.), Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847) ; Bp.

Consp. Av. i. p. 102 (1850) ; Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 41 (1858) ;

Cab. Sr Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 42 (pt., 1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-

Bas, Cuculi, p. 11 (1864) ; Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 83 (1865) ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215, uo. 8987 (1870) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-

Afr. p. 783 (1871) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 140 (1877).
Surniculus rubiculus, Bj). Consp. Av. i. p. 105 (1850).
Cuculus lieugliui. Cab. iif Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 32 (1862) ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215, no. 8995 (1870) ; Fischer, Zeitschr. qes. Orn.

1884, p. 367 ; id. J. f. O. 1885, p. 124 ; Reichen. J. f. O. 1887,

p. 58.

Adult. Above uniform slaty blue, with a slight green gloss on
the wings aiid tail; centre tail-feathers with about four white shaft-
spots, the others with larger white shaft-spots and seven or eight
white angular notches on their inner webs, occasionally forming a
subterminal bar on the outer feathers : sides of the head and upper
throat grey, slightly paler than the crown ; remainder of the throat
uniform bright rufous : the rest of the underparts rufous-buff, regu-
larly barred with black, except on the lower abdomen and under
tail-coverts, the latter having only a few irregular broad black
bands ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; under surface of the
quills brown, partially barred with white, and with a large white
patch at the base of the inner primaries ; bill black, yellowish at the
base of the lower mandible and along the edges of the upper one ;
legs deep yellow ; iris reddish hazel. Total length 11-7 inches,
culmen 0-85, wing O'G, tail b-'d, tarsus 0-8.

Immature birds differ greatly. One has the upper parts slaty
black, with narrow white edges to the feathers and a white patch on
the nape ; sides of the head black ; throat and front of the breast
black mottled with bufl' and rufous and with very narrow white
edges to the feathers ; remainder of the plumage as in the adult.

Another specimen from Fantee is brown above, with some rufous
markings on the wings and upper tail-coverts ; sides of the head
mottled with buff or white ; underparts whitisli, shaded with buflF
on the lower throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, and nearly
uniformly barred with black throughout.

Hab. Nearly the whole of the Ethiopian Kegion.

f). CUCTJLtrS

259

a. Ad. St.
b-e. Ad. sk.
./, (J. Ad. sk.
h. Imm. St.
i,h. Ad.sk.
1, 111. Ad. sli.
w, o. c? ad. sk.

p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.

s. cj ad. sk.

t. Imm. sk.
M, ?7, xc. Ad. sk.

•f, 2/, a. Ad. sk.
«'. c? ad. sk.

h'. Ad. sk.

c. Ad.sk.
d' , e . Imm. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.
g'-V. Ad. et
imm. sk.

South Africa.

South Africa {Laijard).

South Africa.

Capo Colony.

Cape Colony.

Cape Town {Butler).

Kuysna, Dec. 12 (C. J.

Andersson).
Fort Beaufort.
Kingwilliamstown.
Durban, Natal, Oct. {T.

Ayres).
Newcastle, Sept. {E. A.

Butler).
Benguela.
Landana, Congo (Dr. Lu-

can).
Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk).
Lado, Equatorial Africa

{Emin Pasha).
Semmio, Niam-Niam

Country, Sept.
Cape Coast Castle.
Gold Coast {Auhinn).
Accra (Haynes).
Fantee.

Purchased.
Sliarpe Coll.
Seebohni Coll.
(xeneralHardwicke [P. 1.
F. Thackeray, Esq. [P.J.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharps Coll.

Sharpe Coll.

Major Trevelyan [P.].

Shelley CoU.

SheUey Coll.

Monteiro Coll.''
SheUey CoU.

Shelley CoU.
SheUey Coll.

F. Bohndorff [C.].

L. Eraser [C.].
Shelley CoU.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

7. Cuculus gabonensis.

Cuculus gaboneusis, Lafr. Rev. et May. Zool. ]8o3, p. 60; Hartl.
J. f. O. 1854, p. 202 ; /. c^- E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855,
p. 177 ; Hartl. Oni. W.-Afr. p. 189 (1857) ; Cass. Proc. Philad.
Ac. 1859, p. 142 ; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 265 ; DuCkaillu, Eq. Afr.
p. 473 (1861) ; Cah. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 42, note (1862) ;
Sharpe ^- Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, iii. p. 73 (1878) ; Sharpe,
P.Z.S. 1873, p. 584; Reichen. J. f. O. 1877, p. 16; Oust. N.Arch.
Mus. (2) ii. p. 126 (1879).

Adult. Above glossy blue-black; centre tail-feathers uniform
blue-black tipped with white, the outer feathers having a few white
shaft-spots and the same number of white notches on their inner
margins ; sides of the head grey ; chin and entire throat deep
chestnut ; breast buff, with broad jet-black bauds and sometimes
with a broader black band across the abdomen between the thighs ;
under tail-coverts uniform buff, or occasionaUy with a few broad
black partial bars : under wing-coverts buffy white, boldly barred
or mottled with black; quiUs dark brown, with some partial bars of
white and a uniform white centre to the Aving at the base of the
quills : bill black, legs yellow. Total length 12-G inches, culmen
0"9, wing ()-5, tail 6-4, tarsus 0*7.

Hub. West Africa from Gaboon to the Congo.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad.sk.

c. d. cJ ad. sk

Gaboon.
Ogowe River.
Luudauu, Congo, Aii^

Purchased.

II. T. AnseU,Esq.[P.].

SheUey CoU.

82

260 CUCTTLID^.

8. Cuculus clamosus.

Ouculus clamosus, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. Sup^jl. -p. xxx(]801); Steph.
Gen. Zool. ix. p. 108 (1815) ; Cim. Rkjne An. i. p. 425, note (1817)*;
VieiU. Enc. Meth. p. 1331 (1823) : Des Murs in Lefebvre, Voy.
Abyss., Zool. p. 137 (1817); Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 416; Cab. 8f
Heine, Mus. Hem. iv. p. 43 (pt., 1862); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Cuculi, p. 16 (1864) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 249 (1867) ; Chupm.
Trav. S. Afr. ii. p. 408 (1868); Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 215,
110.8994(1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 784, clxiii (1871);
Gurney in Anderss. B. Damam L. p. 226 (1872) ; Salvad. Ann.
3Ius. Civ. Gen. 1873, p. 411; <S'/i«r/9e, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 587; Buck-
ley, Ibis, 1874, p. 367 ; .Sharpe, ed. Layard' s B. S. Afr. pp. 150, 809
(1875-84); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 141 (1877); Reichm.
J. f. O. 1877, p. 16 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Sac., Zool. xvii. p. 432
(1884); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1884, p. 94; Shelley, P. Z. S.
1888, p. 42.

Le Coucou criard, Levaill. Ois. d^Afr. v. p. 28, pis. 204, 205 (1806) ;
Sundev. Krit. om Levaill. p. 47 (1858).

Ouculus nigricans, Swains. Zool. III. 2ud ser. i. pi. 7 (1829) ; id. B.
W. Afr. ii. p. 180 (1837) ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 203 ; id. Orn.
W. Afr. p. 190 (1857) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 246; Hartl. J.f O.
1861, p. 265 ; Cah. ^ Hehie, 31us. Hein. iv. p. 44, note (1862) ;
Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 237 ; Fischer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1884, p. 367 ;
id. J. f. O. 1885, p. 124 ; Hartert, J. f. O. 1886, p. 597 ; Reichen.
/./. 0. 1887, p. 68.

Surniculus nigricans, Bp. Consj). Av. i. p. 105 (1850).

Cuculus clialybeus, Heugl. J. f. 0. 1862, p. 34.

Coccystes nigricans. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 220, no. 9067 (1870).

Coccystes serratus {nee Sparrm.), Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 13 (pt.,
1871) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 68.

Oxylophus serratus, Gurney in Anderss. B. Damara L. p. 226 (1872).

Adult. Black with a deep greenish-blue gloss ; quills brown ; tail
narrowly tipped with white ; under surface duUer black inclining
to brown ; under tail-coverts with pale ends ; under wing-coverts
black ; quills brown, with confused white bars on their inner webs :
bill black; legs yellow with the claws black; irides dark brown.
Total length 12-2 inches, culmeu 0-9, wing 6-7, tail 6-3, tarsus 0-75.

Immature (Tomaja). This specimen differs in the entire throat and
crop being whitish brown, shaded with rufous and regularly barred
with black ; remainder of the underparts, including the under
wing-coverts, white evenly barred with black. Total length 12*1
inches, wing 6-5, tail 6'3.

A specimen from Semmio differs from the last in having the
throat almost uniform dusky grey, the sides of the breast smudged
with dusky grey, and the under wing-coverts white, mottled irregu-
larly with the same dusky shade. Total length 12-6 inches, wing
6-8, tail 6-2.

Hah. Tropical Africa generally, excepting Abyssinia and Sene-
gambia.
a. S ad. ; b, c, S South Africa. Seebohm Coll.

juv. sk.
d. Juv. sk. Cape Colony. Sliarpe Coll.

('. S ad. sk. Eland's Post ( T. C. Atmore). Sharpe Coll.

6. CTTCTJLUS. 261

/. c? ad. sk. Katberp (T. C. Atmore). Sharpe Coll.

(■/. Ad. sk. Kinrrwilliamstown. Major Trevelyan [P.],

h, i, k. Ad. sk. Natal (Ay res). Sharpe Coll.

l-o. Ad. et imm. Durban. Shelley Coll.

sk.
p. Ad. sk. Newcastle (Reid). Shelley Coll.

q. S ad. sk. Ramangwato, Nov. ( T. E. Slielley Coll.

Bt(ckley).
r. Ad. sk. Zambesi". Dr. Bradshaw [C.].

s, t. $ imm. sk. Elephant Vley, Oct. 10 (C. ./. Sharpe Coll.

Andersson).
u. c? juv. sk. Tomaja, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].

August.
V. cJjuv.sk. Semmio, Niam-Niam Country, F. Bohndorft [P.].

March.
ic. Ad. sk. Denkera, Gold Coast (S. T. Sharpe Coll.

UssJier).
.V. Ad. sk. Elmina {H. F. Blissett). Sharpe Coll.

y. Ad. sk. Amamoo, May (JT. F. Blis- Sharpe Coll.

sett).

9. Cuculus pallidus.

Columba pallida, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 270 (1801).

Cuculus variejratus, VieiJl. N. Vict. viii. p. 224 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Moth. p. 1.3;50 (1823) ; Pucher. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 555.
Cuculus cinereus, Vieill. N. Diet. viii. p. 224 (1817) ; id. Enc. MMh.

p. 1331 (1823) ; Pucher. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 556.
Cuculus inornatus, Vie/. Si- Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 297 (1826) ;

Gould, B. Atcstr. i\'. pi, 85 (1846) ; Reichb. Vog. NetihoU. ii. p. 115

(1849).
Cuculus albostrigatus, Vig. S^ Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 298 (1826).
Cuculus poliogaster, S. 3Ii/ll. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk.

p. 236, note (1830-44) ; Cab. 8)- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 39, note

(1862) ; Finsch, Xeu-Guinea, p. 159 (1865) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 216, no. 9011 (1870).
Cacomantis inornatus, Bp. Consp. Ar. i. p. 163 (1850).
Nicolarius poliogaster, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854).
Cacomantis cinereus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854).
Heteroscenes pallidus, Cah. S)- Heine, Mus. Heiii. iv. p. 26 (1862).
Heteroscenes occidentalis, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 27, note

(1862).
Cuculus pallidus, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 26 (1864); Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 216, no. 9013 (1870).
Cacomantis pallidus, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. p. 615 (1865) ; Walden,

Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1878,

p. 457; id. Orn. Paptiasia,i. p. 331 (1880).

Adult. Above ashy brown with a faint greenish gloss ; a white
patch of feathers on the nape, the wing-feathers mostl)- with narrow
whitish edges ; a white patch on the pinion-joints ; lateral tail-
coverts with partial white margins : tail-feathers tipped and notched
on both webs with white approaching the form of bars : beneath
uniform stone-colour, fading into white on the abdomen and under
tail-coverts, the latter crossed by dusky bars : the lower breast,
especially the thigh-coverts, showing traces of obsolete dusky bars :
under wing-coverts whiter than the breast, freckled with dusky and

262

shading into the same colour as the breast towards the quills ; quills
barred on their inner webs with white : iris brown ; bill blackish ;
legs brown. Total length 12 inches, culmen 0-95, wing 7'7, tail G-8,
tarsus 0-8.

Immature. Upper parts, especiallj- the back of the neck, mottled
with rufous ; sides of the head striped with buff and dark brown ;
underparts occasionally, but rarely, more or less barred.

Nestlinrj. Forehead and front of crown dark brown ; remainder
of the upper parts buft' and white, boldly mottled with dark brown ;
rump and upper tail-covcrts more regularly marked with dark brown
centres to the feathers ; quills and tail-feathers brown, with pale
tips and partial bars ; sides of the head and the throat dark brown,
partially mottled with buff and white ; remainder of the underparts
much whiter, with somewhat regular patches of brown ; under
wing-coverts buff; under surface of the quiUs brown, partially
barred with white. Total length 8 inches, wing 4-6.

Hab. Probably confined to Australia ; but possibly ranging into
the Austro-Malayan subregion, as the t3pe of Cuculus poliogaster,
S. Miill., in the Leyden Museum, is labelled " Ternate (Forsten)."

a. S ad.; b. $

imm. sk.
c, d. (S ad. sk.

e,f, (J- Ad. sk.
Ti. Ad. sk.
», k. Imm. sk.
Z, m. Ad. ; n.

Imm. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
p-^w. Ad. et imm.

sk.
X. Ad. sk.

y. Pull. sk.

s. $ ad. sk.

a'. cJ ad. sk.
V. Ad. f^k.

Tasmania.

Tasmania.

Melbourne.

Adelaide.

S. Australia {J. Gould).

New South Wales.

Sydney.
Queensland.

Antarctic Expedition.

C. G. H. Lloyd, Esq.

[P.].
Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Sir G. Grey [P.I.
Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.

H.

Capt. Bowyer Bower

N.W. Australia ( W.

Bowyer Boiver). [P-]-

Near 'Salt River, W. Aus- J. Gould, Esq. [C.

tralia, Oct. 17.
Near Freman tie, W. Australia, J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

July 29.
Australia, May 28. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

Australia. Lady Carrington [P.].

c', d . Imm. et pull. Australia.

sk.
e' . Ad. sk. Australia.

/■'. Juv. sk. Australia.

g\ Skull. New South Wales.

10. Cuculus sonnerati.

Seebohm CoU.

Linnean Soc. (Type of

C. inornatus?)
Linnean Soc. (Type of

C. albostrijjatics.)

Le petit Coucou des Indes, Sonn. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 211 (1782).
Cuculus sonnerati, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 215 (1790) ; Steph. Gen. Zool.

ix. ]). Ill ri815) ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1334 (1823) ; Blyth, J. A.

8. Beny. xi. p. 906 (1842), xiv. p. 204 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 464 (1847) ; Layard, Ami. ^- Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 2nd ser.

6. CT7CULTT8. 263

p. 452 (1854) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 325 (18G2) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bos,

Cuculi, p. 23 (pt., 1864) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 9032

(1879) ; Holdsivorth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 430 ; TValdm, Trans. Z. S.

viii. p. 55 (1872) ; Let/f/e, His, 1874, p. 15 ; Hmne, 8t.r. F. ii. p. 472

(1874); Le(j(ie, Ibis,'i675, p. 284; Fairbank, Str. F. iv. p. 255

(187(5) ; Hume, Str. F. vi. p. 156 (1878) ; Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 207

(1878) ; Hu77ie, Str. F. viii. p. 88 (1879) ; Leqye, B. Co/Ion, i.

p. 233 (1880) ; Butler, Str. F. ix. pp. 54, 388 (1880) ; Davison, t. c.

p. 350; Gates, Handb. B. Brit. Burmah,n. p. 107 (1883) ; Sharpe,

Ibis, 1888, p. 198; Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 226 ; B'Tiitehead, Ibis,

1890, p. 46.
Cuculiis pravata, Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1822) ; Strickl.

J. A. S. Bene/. 1844, p. 399, note ; Walden, Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 55

(1872) ; Hinn^, Str. F. viii. p. 53 (1879).
Ciiculus rufovittatus, Drap. Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 568

(1823); id. Diet. Class. Sc. Nat. iii. p. 143 (1838).
Cuculus himalayanus (nee Viy.), Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 220 (1840).'
Guciilus fasciolatus, <S'. Miill. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk. p. 177,

note (1839-44).
Cuculus venustus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 140 (1842).
Cacomantis fasciolatus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 104 (1850).
Polyphasia sonnerati, Ilorsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii.

p. 699 (1856-58).
Penthoceryx sonnerati, Cab. i§- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 16 (1862) ;

Walde7i, Ibis, 1872, p. 367; A. Midi. J.f. O. 1882, p. 104.
Penthoceryx pravaius, Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 367 ; Salvad. Ucc. di

Borneo, p. 63 (1874) ; id. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 185 (1879) ;

Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 244 ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 54 ; Sharpe,

Ibis, 1890, p. 10.
Cacomantis sonnerati, Walden, Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 55 (1872).
Ololygon tenuu'ostris, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 472 (1874), iii. p. 80 (1875).
Cacomantis pravatus, Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. 1886, p. 27.

Adult. Above alternately barred with rufous and dusky bronze,
with a slight olive gloss ; forehead more or less spotted with white ;
a white patch on the carpal joint faintly barred with dusky ; tail
with rufous-shaded white ends ; centre feathers blackish, with a
number of rufous notches on both webs ; remaining feathers bright
rufous, with a broad subterminal dark bar and a variable number of
other bands ; sides of the head and underparts white, evenly marked
with narrow wavy bars of blackish brown, the lower breast and
under tail-coverts slightly tinted with rufous ; under wing-coverts
pale rufous buff, barred like the breast ; under surface of the quills
dark brown, with a large basal portion of their inner webs rufous
buif. more or less barred with dark brown ; bill black, with base of
lower mandible grey ; legs greenish grey. Total length 9*2 inches,
culmen 0"75, -nang 4*8, tail 4*8, tarsus 0-7.

Immature. Above rufous ; the upjier back, scapulars, and wing-
coverts barred with olive-shaded black : a band of this colour runs
down the centres of some of the tail-feathers, and most of these
feathers have bold black spots near their ends and occasionally white
tips ; sides of tlie head and sides of the neck rufous like the crown ;
remainder of the underparts white, with the blackish bars on the
throat and chest broader than in the adult.

264

CtJCTJLID^.

Hah. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, ranging throughout the
Burmese Provinces and Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, and Timor.

a, b. tS ad.; c.

Juv. sk.
d, e,f. Ad. sk.
g,h. cJ 2 ad. sk.

i. S ad. sk.

h. 2 ad. sk.

I. (S ad. sk.
m. S ad. sk.

ti-q. Ad. sk.
r. 2 ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.
t, u. Ad. sk.
V. S ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.

X, y. Ad. sk.
z. Ad. sk.
a', v. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e'-m'. Ad. etjuv.

sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
p' . (S ad. sk.
g''. Ad. sk.

)•'. 5 ad sk.

s' , t'. Imm. sk.
u', v'. Ad. sk.
w'-d". Ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.

f",ff",h".dad.;
{", k". 2 ad. sk.
l",m",n". Ad. sk.
o". 2 ad. sk.
//'. Ad. sk.

q". S ad sk.
r". d ad.; s". J

juv. sk.
t", u", v". Ad. sk,
iv". cJ ad. sk.
.)■". 2 ad. sk.
y", 2 iuim. sk.
s". Ad. sk.

Ceylon, April {H. Nevill and S. Tweeddale Coll

Chapynan).
Ceylon.
Friars Hood District, Ceylon, Oct.,

March.
Coonoor, Nilghiris, April .3.

BurUar, Coonoor Ghat, April

(R. G. W. R.).
Wynaad, Sept. 22 {J. Darling).
Cannanore, Sept. 9 (R. G.

W. R.).
Malahar.
Vingorla, S. Konkan, Feh. 21

{G. Vidal).
Matheran, April C.
Kliandeish.

Raipur (Central Provinces, July 20.
Maunbhoom, April {R. C.

Beavan).
Masm-i.
Kumaon.
Nepal.

Sikhini, April (L. Mandelli).
Darjeeling.
Bhutan Doars, Jan. to March

(i. Mandelli).
Kbasia Hills {A. W. Chennell).
Tonghoo.

Thayetmyo, Sept. {R. G. W.R.).
Tenasserim.

Klang, Salangore, March 29

(W. Davison).
Malacca (Dr. Canlor).
Malacca {Dr. Maiw/aif).
Malacca, Jan., July ( W. Davison),
Kuroo, Malacca, Oct. .31 ( W.

Davison).
Johore, Feb., Aug., Sept. ( W.

Davison).
Sumatra (Carl Bock).
Sumatra.
Java [Horsjield).

Purchased.
Colonel

W. Davison, Esq.

[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm CoU.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
J. C. D. Packman,

Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Java.

East Java {A. R. Wallace).

Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
India Museum.
(Type of Cuculus i^ravatus.)
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Sarawak, Aug. {A. H. Everett).
Sarawak (A. R. Wallace).
Busan (A. Everett).
Sabu [A. Everett).
Tagora {H. Everett).

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

7. OERCOCOCCYX. 8. CACOMANTTS. 265

a\ Ad. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher

[C.].
b^,c\ AA.sk. Labuan. SirHughLow[C.].

d\ Imm. sk. Timor. Tweeddale Coll.

7. CERCOCOCCYX.
Cercococcyx, Cah. J.f. O. 1882, p. 2.30 C. mechowi.

1. Cercococcyx mechowi.

Cercococcyx mechowi, Cab. J. f. O. 1882, p. 230.

Above brownish grey, with a greenish gloss on the back of the
neck and mantle ; greater wing-coverts and qnills with the outer
webs reddish brown, the inner webs blotched with white. Beneath
whitish, washed with yellowish on the breast, and with black bars.
Total length 13 inches, culmcn 0-85, wing 5-55, tail 8-25.

Hah. Angola.

This species is only known to me by the description, from which
it appears to resemble very closely the young of Cuculus solitariu^.

8. CACOMANTIS.

Tyije
Oacomantis, 6'. iW/7/. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Vol-

kenk. Bc-Jtt p. 177 (1842) C. merulinus.

Polyphasia, Bhjth, J. A. &'. IJeng. xii. p. 244 (1843) . . P

Gymnopus, Bhjth, Ann. ^- May. Nat. Hist. 184.3, p. 94 C. passerinu^
Ololygon, Cah. S,- Heine, Mns. Hein. iv. p. 20, note

(1*^62) C. passerinus.

Eanrje. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, eastward to China and the
Philippine Islands, south through the Burmese provinces, the Malay
Peninsula, the whole of the Malayan Archipelago to Australia, Xew
Caledonia, New Hebrides, and the Fiji Islands.

Key to the Species.

a. With no bars on the breast. \_Adidts.']
a'. With a shade of rufous on the breast and
under tail-coverts.
a''. Upper parts paler and gi-eyer.

a"'. Larger : wing about o-5. Breast ru-
fescent, darker than abdomen, whicli

is generally freckled Jhibelliformis, p. 2G6.

//". Smaller : wing about 4-5. Breast and
under tail-coverts uniform rufous

buff mcndinm, p. 208.

b". Upper parts darker.

c". Upper parts brown ; breast buff.

a'. Breast paler; under tail-coverts butK variolusus, ^. -272.

266 CUCTJLID^.

i*. Breast darker, partially washed with

rufous ; under tail-coverts rufous . . insperatus, p. 273.
(T". Upper parts deep slaty blue ; breast
and under tail-coverts chestnut,
c'. Smaller : wing about 4-0. _

«'. Upper parts glossed with green ;
chin and upper throat pale grey ;

breast duller rufous virfscens, p. 274.

6'. Upper parts deep blue-gi-ey, barely
glossed with gi-een on the wings
only; grey confined to chin :

breast brighter rufous caxfaneiventris, p. 274.

f/'. Larger : wing not less than 5 inches.

c'. Bill longer and narrower bronzinus, p. 275.

(P. Bill shorter and broader ^hnux, p. 276.

h'. "With no shade of rufous on breast or under
tail-coverts.

c". General plumage black infuscatm, p. 276.

d". General plumage grey ; under tail-
coverts white .' passerinus, p. 277.

b. With bars on the breast. [ Younff.']

(■' . Upper parts uniform black infuscatus juv., p. 276.

(V. Crown, rump, and tail nearly uniform

rufous ." passerinus juv., p. 277.

,.,,,, . . 1 1. J \ Young of remaininar

e. All the upper ijarts strongly barred species.

1. Cacomantis flabelliformis.

Fan-tailed Cuckow, Lath. Snppl. ii. p. 138. pi. 126.

Cuculus flabelliformis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Sitppl. ii. p. 30 (1801) ;

fift'ph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 96 (181")); Vici/l. JV. D. viil p. 233

(1817); id. Enc. MM. p. 133-5 (1823); Grm/, Gen. B. ii. p. 463

(1847) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi. p. 26 (1864) : Grai/, Hand-L

B. ii. p. 217, no. 9020 (18(;9).
Cuculus rufulus, Vieill. N. D. viii. p. 2-34 (1817); id. Enc. Mith.

p. 133o (1823) ; Gmi/, Gen. B. ii. p. 4(« (1847) ; Piichcr. Rev. et

Mar/. Zool. 18o2, p. -jISO ; Harfl. J. f. O. l8.")o, p. 422.
Cuculus pvrrhophanus, J'ieill. N. D. viii. p. 2-34 (1817); id. Enc.

Meth. p' 1335 (1823) ; Pucher. Rev. et Mar/. Zool. l8-r2, p. .'560 ;

Hartl.J.f. O. 18-5.5, p. 421.
(i'uculus prionulus, " 111.^ Licht. Verz. Dovhl. p. 9 (1821).
Cuculus cineraceus, Tig. S,- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 298 (1826) ;

Jard. S( Selbij, III. Orn. v. p. 67 (c. 1836) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Bent/.

1843, p. 242; Strickl. J. A. S. Benr/. 1844, p. 391, note; Gonl'd,

B. Aiistr. iv. p. 86 (1848) ; Rc/ib. Viig. NeuhoU. ii. p. 113 : Rosenh.

Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 49 (1867).
Cuculus incertus, Vig. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 299 (1826) ;

Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847).
Cuculus flavus, pt.. Less. Traite, p. 152 (1831) ; Pucher. Rev. et

Mag. Zool. 18-53, p. 69 ; Uartl. J.f. 0. 1855, p. 422.
Cuculus cinerascens. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847).
Cuculus pyrrhophanes, Gray, I. c. p. 463.
Cacomantis flabelliformis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 104 (18-50); id. Consp.

Vol. Zip/od. p. 6 (1854) : Cah. i^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 24

(18()2)V Gould, Handb. B. Aiistr. i. p. 618 (186-5) ; Walden, Tr.

Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872); Ravisat/, P. Z. >S. 1875. p. ()00: Forbes,

8. CACOMANTIS. 267

p. Z. S. 1878, p. 125 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 457
(1878) ; id. Orn. Pnpuami, i. p. ^32 (1880) ; Forbes, Hep. Voy.
' Challenger,'' ii. p. 90 (1880).
Cacomautis incertus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 ( 1854).

Adult male. Above blue-grey, with a slight greenish gloss on the
wings ; a white patch on the pinion-joint : upper tail-coverts with
some white on the sides of the outer feathers : tail blue-black, all
the feathers with white tips and notches of white on their margins,
these notches increasing in depth towards the outer feathers, and
often assuming the form of almost complete bars ; sides of the head
and chin grey, shading into isabelline rufous on the throat and
under surface of the body ; under wing-coverts rufous buff, passing
into dusky grey towards the quills ; quills dark brown, with a white
patch on their inner webs, forming a diagonal white bar : " bill
black, except at the base of the lower mandible, where it is fleshy
orange ; feet yellowish olive ; iris dark brown ; eyelid beautiful
citron-yellow " {J. Gould). Total length 10-2 inches, culmen 0-7,
wing o'o, tail 5-8, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Very similar in plumage to the male, but slightly
duller below, where the feathers of the throat and breast show traces
of narrow indistinct dusky bars. " Iris brick-colour " (F. Stratu/e).
Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 5--4, tail 5-G, tarsus 0-75.

Young. Above dark brown mottled with rufous buff : tail-
feathers notched with rufous buff on the outer webs and with white
on the inner ones : beneath white, shaded with rufous buff on the
throat and front of the breast, and barred with dark brown ; under
wing -coverts buffy white, partially barred with dark brown.
Total length 8*8 inches, wing 5.

The type of Cuculus incertu-'^, ^ig-, is a young bird with the upper
parts nearly uniform brown, and with dusky bars over the entire
throat and breast. Total length 9-7 inches, culmen 0'65, wing -oo,
tail 5-3, tarsus 0-75.

ffab. Australia and Tasmania.

a, b. S ad. ; e. $ Tasmania. C. G. H. Lloyd, Esq.

ad. sk. [P.].

d, e. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq.

[P.].
/. Ad. sk. Frankland Is., June Capt. Stanlev J^.'^.

(McGillirray).
g-n. Ad. ; o. 2 juv. Australia. Seebohra Coll.

sk.
p-t. Ad. ; u. Juv. sk. Australia. Tweeddale Coll.

V. Ad.; w. Juv. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. 'P.].

X, y. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society.

(Types of C. cineraceiis.)
z. Juv. sk. Australia. Linnean Society.

(Tvpe of C. incerfiis.)
a'. S ad. sk. S. Austraha (J. Gould). Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

b' . Ad. sk. Melbourne. Tweeddale Coll.

e', <?. $ad. etjuv. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll.

e',f'. Ad. sk. Sydney. Tweeddale Coll.

g'-k' . Ad. sk. Burwood, X. S. W. Jime. Hume Coll.

268 cuctiLiD^^.

I' , m'. S 2 ad. sk. Moreton Bay {F. Strange). Tweeddale Coll.

n'-t' . Ad. ; u'. Juv. Queensland. Seebohm Coll.

sk.

■y', w'. Ad.; x',y', Cape York {J. T. Cock- Salvin-Godman Coll.

z'. Juv. sk. erell).

a". ? ad. sk. Cape York. Voy. H.M.S. ' Chal-

lenger.'

h". Ad. sk. Swan R., Westeni Aus- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

tralia. [P.].

2. Cacomantis merulinus.

Le petit Coucou de I'Isle Panay, Son)i. Voy. Koiit. Gidn. i. p. 122,

pi. 81 (1776).
Cuculus merulinus, Scop. Del. Flor. et Fcnin. Insithr. ii. p. 89 (1786);

Strickl J. A. S. Benq. 1844, p. .391 ; BJyth, Cat. B. M. As. Soc.

p. 71 (1864); ScM. Miis. Pays-Bos, Cuculi, p. 21 (18G4) ; Gray,

Hand-l. B.W. p. 217, no. 9016 (1870).
Cuculus flavus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 421 (1788) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. ix.

p. 107 (1815); Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1822);

Baji. t. c. p. 285; Viq. Mem. Raffl. p. 671 (1830); Less, in

Belang. Voy. Lnd. Orient, p. 231 (1834): S. Miill. Verh. Nat.

Gesch. Land- en Volk. p. 177 (18.39-44) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Benq.

1842, p. 912, 184.3, p. 241; Low, Sarawak, p. 411 (1848);

Waldm, Ibis, 1869, p. .3.37.
Sumiciilus flavus, Less. Traiti, p. 151 (1831).

Coucou a tete gi-ise de Java, Less, in Belany. Voy. Zool. p. 237 (1834).
Cuculus sepulcralis, <S'. Mull. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk. p. 177,

note (1839-44) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9022 (1870).
Cuculus lanceolatus, .S'. Miill. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk.

p. 178 (1839-44).
Cuculus abruptus, Burm. Verz. Mus. Halle, p. 54 (1850).
Cacomantis flavus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 103 (1850).
Cacomantis sepulcralis, Bp. Cmjsp. i. p. 104 (1850) ; Cah. Sf Heine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 20 (1862) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 209 : fValden,

Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 65 (1874) ;

Tiveedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 945 ; Wardlaw Liamsay, A})p. Tweedd.

Orn. Works, p. 656 (1881); Guillemard, P.Z.'S. 188-5, p. 550;

Beddard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 175.
Cuculus lineatus, lyncher, Rev. et May. Zool. 1853, p. 70.
Cacomantis borneensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 6 (1854) ; Wald.

Tr. Z. S. vui. f. 64 (1872).
Polyphasia meruliua, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Co. ii.

p'. 697 (1856-58).
Cacomantis threnodes. Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 19 (1862) ;

Wald. Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Hume ^- Davis. Str. F. vi.

p. 158; Ball, op. cit. vii. p. 207 (1878); Cripps, t. c. p. 265;

Hume, op. cit. viii. pp. 54, 89 (1879) ; Binqliam, op. cit. ix. p. 167

(1880); Kelham, Ibis, 1881. p. .391; A. Midi. J. f. 0. 1882,

p. 405; Oates,Handb. B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. Ill (1883); A.

Miill. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 157; Salcad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gmi. 1888,

p. 568.
Cuculus rufoviridis, Cab. <§• Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 20 (1862).
Cacomantis merulinus, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 21 ; Wakl. Tr.

Z. S. viii. p. 156 (1872); Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 64 (1874);

Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 160 (1875): Sharpe, m\ 1876, p. .34, 1877,

CACOMANTTS. 2(19

; Tiveedd.
Mus. Civ.

p. 7 ;• id. Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, i. Zool. p. 320 (1877) ; Tiveedd.
P.Z. S. 1877, p. G91, 1878, pp. 613, 709; tSalwtd. Ann. i

Works, p. 656 (1881); Biiftik. Notes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 28
(1886) : Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1887, p. 532 ; Sharpe, Ibis.

1888, p. 198, 1890, p. 10; Whitehead, t. c. p. 46 ; Everett, P. Z. S.

1889, p. 225.

Polypliasia tenuirostris (nee S. Milll.), Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 335 (pt.)

(1862).
Cacomantis dysonomus, Heine, J.f. O. 1863, p. 352.
Oacomantis querulus, pt., Heine, J.f. O. 1863, p. 352.
Polypliasia rutlveDtris, Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 15.
Cacomantis passoriniis {nee Vahl), Blyth Sf Walden, B. Burmah,

p. 80 (1875).
Ololygoii tenuirostris, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 80 (1875).
Cacomantis nitiveutris, Annstrom/, Str. F. iv. p. 312 (1876) ;

Wardlaio Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 4:58 ; Anders. Zool. Exptd.

Yunnan, p. 587 (1878).
Cacomantis teuuirostris {nee Bp.), David &• Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 62

(1877).
Cuculiis threnodes. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9017.

Adult male. Upper half of the head and back of the neck leaden
grey, passing gradually into brown, ^yith an olive gloss on the back
and wings ; feathers of the pinion-joint white, forming a patch ;
upper tail-coverts grey like the crown ; tail slaty black with white
ends, the outer webs of the feathers notched with white, the inner
webs regularly barred with white, most strongly so on the outer
feathers ; sides of the head, chin, throat, and front of chest uniform
grey, slightly paler than the crown ; remainder of the body and
under tail-coverts and the under wing-covcrts uniform rufous-buff ;
under surface of the quills dusky brown, witb a diagonal bar of
white formed by the white on the inner webs near the base of the
quills : " bill black, base of lower mandible reddish ; iris light
red; feet and legs waxy naples yellow, nails black" {A. Everett).
Total length 8-2 inches, culmeu 0-65, wing 4-3, tail 4-3, tarsus 0-65.

Immature. Above rufous, nearly equally barred throughout with
olive shaded black ; primaries alone more uniform brown ; under-
parts buff, narrowly barred throughout Avith dusky black ; under
wing-coverts like the chest : pale portion of the quills more rufous
than in the adult and indicating partial bars : " bill dusky black,
yellowish at the gape and base of lower mandible ; iris yellowish
white, legs and feet diugy greyish yellow " (A. 0. Hume). Total
length 9-1 inches, culmen U'7, wing 4-3, tail 5, tarsus 0-7.

This species appears to embrace three races, all of which
have received a name, viz. Guculus merulinus, Scop., a pale bird
with the grey of the head and throat sharply defined and with clear
regular white bars across the inner webs of the tail-feathers.
Cacomantis threnodes, Cab., a rather darker bird with a deeper
rufous-buff colour on the breast. Cuculussejjulcralis, S. Miill., with
the upper parts nearly uniform, the notches on the outer webs

270

CUCULIB.^.

of the tail-feathers slightly shaded with rufous and the white bars
on their inner webs almost obsolete.

The large series in the British Museum shows that these are not
local forms, nor have they any distinctive measurements ; therefore
the paler or darker colouring must be due to climate, which is
no doubt the cause of the other variations- — C. merulinus, Scop.,
inhabiting the drier and more arid districts, C. threnodes, Cab.,
from localities which have a greater amount of rainfall, while C.
sepulcralis is probably founded on specimens in the last stage of
immaturity.

Hah. South-eastern and Central India. Eastern Himalayas to
Assam and China, south through the Burmese Provinces to the
Malayan Peninsula and the Indo-Malayan Islands.

Madras. l)r. Jerdon [P.].

Ilaipur, Feb. Hume Coll.

Calcutta, .Tan. Hume Coll.

]3arrackpur, Sept. (7v'. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.

Dacca. Hume Coll.

Nepal. Hodgson Coll.

Bhutan (Pemberfon). India Museum.

Bhutan Doars, Jan. (Z. Maiulelli). Hume Coll.

a. Ad. sk.

h,c. (S ad. sk.

d, e. Ad. ; /. Juv. sk.

(J. iS imm. sk.

h. Ad. ; /, k, I.

Imm. sk.
m. Imm. sk.
n. Juv. sk.
o. Imm. sk.
P, q, r. Ad.; s.

Imm. sk.
t. cJ juv. sk.
u, V. (5 ad. etjuv. sk.
w. (S imm. sk.

.r. Imm. sk.

Assam (A. W. Chennell).

Shillong, Se])t. {J. Cockhurn').
Sadliva, April (J. Cockhurn).
N. Kbasia IliU.s, Dec. {A. W.

ClienneU).
Khasia Hills.

y,s.,(i. cJad.; 6',c',f^'- Bibrughur, Bee. to April {J.

2 ad. et imm. sk.
e',f,g'. Ad.; h'-l'.

Imm. sk.
m'~f . Ad. ; u' , v ,

to'. Imm. sk.
.1-'. cS juv. sk.
y'-b". Ad. et imm.

sk.
c"-k". cJad.etimm.;

l"-q" • 6 imm. sk.
r". c?ad.; s" . Juv. sk,
f' ,u" . Ad.etimm.sk
v"-a^. Ad. sk.

J3, c\ dK S ad. et

juv. sk.
e^. 2 ad. sk.
/^, (f. (S ad. sk.
If. S ad. sk.
P. Juv. sk.
^'', P. Ad. ; m\ n^,

o^. Juv. sk.
p^, q^. c? ad. sk.
r". S ad. sk.

M. Cn'pps).
Cachar, .Ian., March (A. O. H.

S,- J. Inglis).
Manipur, March to May {A.

O. II.).
Tippera ( V. Irwin).
Akyab district, Bee. to March

{J. Armstronr)).
Lower Pegu, Bee. to May and

July to Oct.
Thayetmyo, Sept. {R. G. W. R.).
Irawady Belta.
Tonghoo, March, April, June

{R. G. W. R.).
Karen-nee, March i^R. G. W. R.),

Palipoon, Bee. (W. Davison).
Khy-kehto, Jan. ( W. D.).
Thatone, .Ian. {W. I).).
Assoon, March (W. Lirnborg).
Moulmeiu, Bee, March, April,

Aug.
Kaukaryit, June (/. Darling).
Meetan, Feb. {W. Davison).
Yeaboo, Attaran River, March

(^W.D.).

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Gates Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Himie Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.

CACOMANTIS.

i^-y^- 6 ad. et juv. ;

f-6'. § ad. et

juv. sk.
eWt*. Imm. sk.

*'. $ ad. sk.
h'. c? ad. sk.
/*, »t^, ti\ c? ad. ;

oK 2 iiiim. sk.
p'-w^.(^a.d. et iuirn. ;

.1"*. 5 imm. sk.
y'-d\ Ad. etjuv.sk.
c^, d'^, c\ cJ ad. et

imm. ■,f^. 5 ad. sk,
[/^. Ad. ; A', i\ k\

Imm. sk.
/^-< '. Ad. et imm. sk.
u', v''. Ad. sk.
%i^, .c^. $ juv. sk.
»/', ::'. cT ad. sk.

a'-e". ci' ad. etjuv. ;

f-P. 2 ad. et

juv. sk.
nf-r'^. Ad. ; s*^, <*.

Juv. sk.
M*. Ad. St.
tl^-b\ Ad. ; c^, ^f'.

Imm. sk.
R\f,f- Ad.; F,

r. Juv. sk.
li'. (J imm. sk.
P, m\ Ad. ; «'', o^

^)'', Imm.sk.
y^ Ad. sk.

r^ . Ad. ; .s"-y".

Imm. sk.
?y". Ad. sk.
a;''. Ad. ; y'-h''.

Imm. sk.
c«, (f . Ad. ; e\

Juv. sk.
/*. Juv. sk.
f/, /(^ (J ad. ; ^■^

A)". Imm. sk.
r. c? ad. sk.

nf, n^, o'^. cJ ad. sk.

p% (f. (S ad. ; ;•^ .s^

f . $ imm. sk.
w*) *>'• cJ 2 imm. sk.
vfi, 3f. Juv. sk.

y''. c? ad. sk.

Mergui, June, Nov. Dec. ( W.
D.).

Amterst, Jan. to March and

.Tune ( W. D.).
Pak-clian, Jan. ( W. I).).
J3ankasoou, iVpril (IV. D.).
Kossoum, May (J. Darlimj).

Island of Tonka, Feb. to April,
and .July to Sept. ( /. Darlinij).

I'enang {Dr. Cantoi-).

Klang, Salangore, Jan., Feb.,
Aug., Sept. (W. D.).

Malacca.

Malacca, Aug. {R. G. W. R).
Malacca, July ( TF. JD.).
Nealya, Oct. \ Jr. D.).
Guunong Pulai, .Joliore, March,

Sept.'(TF. D.).
Singapore Island, Oct. to Feb.

(W.D.).

Sumatra (C Rock).

Java.
Java.

Java (Horsjield) .

Borneo.

Sarawak {A. H. Ecerett).

Lawas liiver.

Lumbidan.

Banjarmassing {J. Motlei/).
Amoy, Oct., Dec, May (A'.

Swinhoe).
Hainan, Feb. [R. Swinhoe).

Manila {Maitland Heriot).
Bohol, Oct., Nov. {A. H.

Everett).
Monte Alban, March (A. H.

Everett).
San Mateo, Jan., Feb. (A. II.

Everett).
Zamboanga, April (A. II.

Everett).
Basilan, May {A. H. Everett ).
Palawan, July.

Puerto Princp'a. Palawan,
Dec. (.4. H. Everett).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

flume Coll.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Purchased.
Wallace Coll.

India Museum.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

J. Whitehead,

Esq. [P.].
Governor Ussher

[C.].
Wallace Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
J. Whitehead,

Esq. [C.].
Tweeudale Coll.

272 CTTCTJLrD.B.

z^. c? ad. sk. Makassar (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

«'. Ad. sk. Temate. Seebohm Coll.

¥, c^. Skeletons. Java. Purchased.

'3. Cacomantis variolosus.

(Juculus variolosus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. ;jOO (18:^(3) ;

Graj/, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847).
Ouculus tymbonomus, S. Miill. Ver/i. Nat. Ge.ick. Land- en Volk.

p. 177 (1839-44) ; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9024 (1870) ;

Rosenb. Reist. naar Geelvinkb. p. 6 (1875); Ramsai/, Pr. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, vii. p. 21 (1881) ; id. Tab. List, p. "15 (1888).
Cuculus dumetorura, Gould, P. Z. S. 184o, p. 19 ; id. B. Austr. iv.

in text. pi. 87 (1848) ; id. Lifr. B. Austr. p. 67 (1848) ; Gray,

Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847): Rchb. Viig. Neuholl. ii. pp. 115, 309

( 1850) ; Grmj, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195 ; id. Cat. B. Netv Guin.

p. 60 (1859) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9031 (1870).
Cacomantis dumetorum, Bi). Con.tp. i. p. 103 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zt/ffod. p. 6 (1854) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 24 (1862) ;

Gould, Handb. B. Axtstr. i. p. 620 (1865_} ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, iii. p. 257 (1878), iv. p. 96 (1879) ; Salvad, Bns,

1879, p. 321.
Cacomantis tvmbonomus, B2}. Consp. i. p. 104 (1850) ; id. Consp.

Vol. Zyyoa. p. 6 (1854) ; Cab. Sf Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 22 (1862) ;

Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484 ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865) ;

Wald. Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.

xili. p. 458 (1878) ; D'Alb. ^- Salvad. op. cit. xiv. p. 13 (1879) ;

Fmsch, Vd(j. d. Sildsee, p. 16 (1884) ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885,

p. 551 ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 340 (1880), Agg. p. 49

(1889).

Adult male. Somewhat similar to G. merulinus, but with the
upper parts browner, with barely a trace of grey on the head and
rump and none on the tail, which has an olive gloss ; undcrparts
pale ashy very slightly washed with rufous buff, under tail-coverts
pale rufous buflf : " bill black ; the mandible paler ; feet olive-
yellow ; iris whitish '" (IfAlbertis). Total length 8'5 inches,
culmen 0*8, wing 4'8, tail 4-4, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Similar to the male in plumage.

Hah. Australia and Timor ; Xew Guinea and the Molucca
Islands.

a. Juv. sk. Australia, India Museum.

(Type of species.)

b. Imm. sk. Queensland. Seebohm Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay. Tweeddale Coll.

<Z. Juv. sk. Cape Upstart, May. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].

e,f. Ad.sk. Cape \ork {Cockerell ^- Salvin-Godman Coll.

Thorpe).

(J, h. cS 2 f *!• ^^- N.W. Australia ( W. H, Capt. Bowyer Bower

Boivyer Boiver). [P-]-

i. $ ad. sk. Victoria River, N. W. Aus- J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

tralia, Feb.

A-w. Ad. etjuv. E. Timor. Wallace Coll.

0. c? imm. sk.
P-q- 2 ad. et
imm. sk.

r, .9. Ad. et J
juv. .sk.

8. OAOOMANTIS.

Waigiou (^. 7?. Wallace).
Ternate (^. 7i!. Wallace).

273

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Ilalmalicra {A. It. Wallace). Seebohm Coll.

4. Cacomantis insperatus.

Cuculus insperatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 19; id. B Austr iv
pi. 87 (1840); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 46:J (1847): Rchh. Von.
Neuholl. p. 114 (1849). r \ , .,

Cacomantis insperatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 104 (1850) ; Cah. S( Heine,
Mu^ Hew. IV. p. 24, note (18G2) ; Gould, Handh. B. Austr. i.

fo^f^ 1\^^^^' '^•^'''- ^•^■'^- 1877, p. 106; Finsch, P. Z. S.

18/9, p. 12 ; Layard, Ihis, 1880, p. 300.
Cuculus assimili.s, G. Jl Graij, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 184, 195 ; id.

P. Z. S. 1801, p. 437 ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9026.
Cuculus (Cacomantis) tymbonomus (nee Millie, Gray, P Z S 1860

p. 359. ■ '

Cuculus (Cacomantis) sepulcralis, Grai/, t. c. p. 3.59.
Cacomantis iufaustus, Cab. S; Heine,' Mus. 7f«w. iv. p. 23 (1862) •

Wald. Trails. Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872).
Cacomantis assjmilis. Gray, P. Z S. 1861, p. 437; Cab. .f Heine,

¥jni\-^^''"'- '''• P- ^" (1*^62); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 1.59 (pt

186o)j Wald. Trans. Z 8. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Sharpe,Journ. Linn.

i,oc,Zool. xiii. p. 492 (1877) ; Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civ. Gen. xiii.

p. 4.j8 (1878), xiv. p. 642 (1879) ; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 321 ; Sharpe

Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 428 (1882) ; Pleske, Bull. Acad

1,'tersl,. XXIX. p. 524 (1884); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 337 (1889)
( uculus infaustus, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9023 (1870)
Cacomantis sp. inc., Sclaf. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 447.
Cacomantis tymbonomus {nee Mull.), Grant, P. Z. S. 1888 p. 191.

Adnit male. Similar to C. meruUnii.^, but with the upper parts
darker and browner ; the p^rey of the throat extending on to the
breast, which is only partially washed with pale chestnut ; under
tail-coverts pale chestnut or cinnamon. Total length S 'inches
culmen 0-7.5, wing 4-4, tail 4-2, tarsus 0-6.5. '

Adult female. Similar to the male in plumage.

Hab. New Guinea to JSTow Britain and the Solomon Islands ; the
Aru group and Moluccas.

a. Imm. sk.
b,c. Ad. sk.
d, e,f. Ad. sk
(I. Ad. sk.
/(, i. 2 ad. sk.
/>-. c? ad. sk.

/, »n, «. Ad. ;
$ juv. sk.
;'. c? ad. .sk.

y. $ imm. sk.

S.E. New Guinea (Hunsfein).
Fly River, New Guinea.
Port ^lorcsbv.
Astrolabe Mts. {A. Goldir).
New llritain, Feb. (G. Broini).
Wanche Bay, June (G. E.

liichards).
Duke of York Island, Dec,

jNIarcb, Oct.
Duke of York Island, .lulv 21

(G.E.Richards).
(Juadalcanar, Solomon Is.,

April 18.

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Forbes foil.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Col!.

Rev. G. Brown [C.].

Seebohm Coll.

CM. Woodford, Esq.

rc.\

274

r. 5 ad. sk.

s. S ad. sk.

Aru Islands.

Salawati, June {von Rosen-
berg).
t,u. S ? ad.fsk. Mysol(^. R. Wallace).
V. Ad. sk. Waig'iou (A. R. Wallace),

w, :r. Ad. et juv. Mortv Island (A. R. Wallace).

sk.
t/, z, a'. Ad. sk. Teruate.
b'. Ad. sk. Halmaliera.

c'-i'. Ad. et juv. Batcliiau (A. R. Wallare).

sk.

Wallace Coll. (Type
of C. assinuU^.)
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

5. Cacomantis virescens.

Cacomantis a.ssimilis {nee Orai/), Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 23.
Cuculus sonnerati, pt., ScJtl. Miis. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 25. note h

(Ceramj (1864).
Cacomantis sepulcralis {nee MiilL), Wald. Trann. Z. S. viii. p. 116

(1872) ; Meijer, Ibis, 1879, p. 69.
Cuculus virescens, Brur/ffeman, Ahhandl. nat. Ver. Brcm. v. p. 59

(1876) ; Salvad. Ami. Mus. Cii\ Gen. viii. p. 373 (1876).
Cacomantis aeruginosus, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 458

(1878) ; id. Orn. Papuasia, p. 336 (1880).

Adult male. Similar to C. mernlinus, but differing in the upper
parts being of a darker shade, though not brown as in C. ass^imilis ;
chin and upper half of the throat grey ; remainder of the throat,
breast, and under tail-coverts rich einnamou-rufous .slightly washed
on the lower throat with grey. Total length 9-3 inches, culmen
0-65, wing 4-3, tail 5-4, tarsus 0-65.

Hall. Celebes and Bouru.

«, b, c. Ad. sk.

d. ^ ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.
/. d ad. sk.
(/. c? inim. sk.

Meuado.

Menado {A. R. Wallace).

N. Ceram.

Goram {A. R. Wallace).

Bouru (A. R. Wallace).

Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
\^''allace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

6. Cacomantis castaneiventris.

Cacomantis castaneiventris, Gould, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) xx.
p. 269 (1867) ; id. B. Au^tr. Huppl. pi. 57 (1867) ; Wald. Tr.
Z. S. viii. p. 54 (1872) ; Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 915
(1875), xiii. p. -157 ; Sharpe, Jvurn. Linn. Sue, Zool. xvi. p. 428
(1882) ; Mei/er, Zeitschi: f. ges. Orn. iii. p. 11 (1886) ; Ramsay,
Tab. List, p." 15 (1888) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 334 (1880) ;
id. op. cit. Agg. p. 48 (1889).

Cuculus castaneiventris, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 217, no. 9029 (1870).

Cacomantis assimilis, Salvad. {nee Gray), Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii.
p. 762 (1875) : Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wale.t, iii p. 256
(1878), iv. p. 96 (1879) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 321.

Cacomantis sp., Salvad. Ann. Mtis. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 16 (1876).

Cacomantis arfakianus, Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 49 (1889).

8. OACOMAXTIS. 275

Adult (type of species). Above deep slaty blue, with a slight olive
gloss on the wings ; a white patch on the pinion-joint ; tail-feathers
all tipped with white, and notched or partially barred with white
on tlie inner webs ; sides of head deep grey like the crown ; nnder-
parts bright chestnut with the chin grey : under wing-coverts rufous,
fading into white at the bend of the wing and becoming dusky
brown near the quills ; quills dusky brown, with a large white
patch on the inner webs, forming a bar on the under surface of the
wing. Total length 9 inches, culmen 0'7, wing 4-:), tail 4-9,
tarsus (>7.

The sexes are similar. An immature bird from Xew Guinea, no
doubt belonging to this species, resembles C. meritlinus in that
plumage.

Hab. Xorthern Australia to Xew Guinea and the Aru Islands.

Ad. sk.

Cape York.

Gould Coll. (Type
of species.)

Ad. sk.

Xew Guinea.

Gould Coll.

d. Ad. sk.

Astrolabe Mts., Xew Guinea
(A. GoUie).

Forbes Coll.

Tmm. sk.

Flv River, Xew Guinea.

Seebohm Coll.

Innii. sk.

Saiawati (A. R. Wallace).

Tweeddale Coll.

7. Cacomantis bronzinus.

Cuculus (Cacomantis) bronzinus, Gytn, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 164.
Cuculus bronzinus, Gray, Cat. li. Troji. /s. p. iJo (1859) ; Vcrr. 6,-

Des Mur.% jRcv. cf Maq. Zool. 1860, p. 391 ; Gray, Hand-1. B. ii.

p. 217, no. 9028 (1870)!
Cacomantis bronzinus, Cah. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 26 (1862) ;

Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 362.

Adult male. Above deep slate-colour, with an olive gloss on the
mantle and wings ; a white patch on the pinion-joint ; outer tail-
coverts with a few marginal white spots, while a partial rufous edging-
is generally visible ; tail-feathers all tipped with white and notched
with white most strongly on their inner edges, these white marks
gradually increasing towards the outer feathers, where they become
more or less well-defined broad bars across the inner webs ; sides of
the head grey ; underparts bright chestnut, often mottled with grey on
the chin and throat : under wing-coverts rufous, fading into white at
the bend of the wing and becoming dusky brown near the quills ;
quills dusky brown, with a large white patch on their inner webs
forming a bar on the under siirface of the wing : " bill dark horn
colour; iris crimson; legs brown ochre" {E. L. Lai/ard). Total
length 9-7 inches, culmen 0-85, wing .5-5, tail 4-1, tarsus OS.

Adult female. .Similar in plumage to the male : " iris red-brown "
(E. L. Layard). Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 5-5,
tail G, tarsus 0-8.

Immature. Differs from the adult in h.i\ing the breast irregularly
barred with white and brown.

Ila}>. Xew Caledonia.

i2

276 CTJCTJLID^.

a, b. cJ ad. ; c. Noumea, New Caledonia, March, Seebolim Coll.

$ ad. sk. June, July {E. L. Luyarcl).

d. d! ad. ; e, f. Moindu, Oct., Nov. (K L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

$ ad. sk. ■

g, h. (S ad. sk. Port de France, May, June (J. Voy. H.M.S.

McGillivray). ' Rattlesnake.'

/. Ad.sk. New Caledonia (</. ilfcGiV/Zwa?/). Seebohm Coll.

(Types of species.)

8. Cacomantis simus.

Cuculus simus, Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 134, pi. 37. fig. 1 (1848) ;

Hartl. Arch. /. Natiirg. xviii. p. 106 (1852) ; Cass. U. S. Expl.

Exped. p. 245, Atlas, pi. 21. %. 2 (1858) ; Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Is.

p. 35 (1859) ; Layard, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 426; Ramsay, Proc. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, i. p. 30 (1875) ; Finsck, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 729 ; id.

Hep. Voy. ' Ckallenyer,' ii. p. 43 (1883).
Cacomantis simus, Cab. ^^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 25, note (1862).

Adult male. Very similar to 0. hronzinus, but scarcely so large
and with a decidedly broader and slightly shorter bill : " bill dark ;
iris cofFee-colour ; legs yellow " {E. L. Layard). Total length
10-3 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 5, tail 5-4.

Adidt female. Similar to the male.

Hal. Fiji Islands and New Hebrides.

«, 6. d $ ad. ; c. Eewa, Fiji Islands, Jan., Feb., Tweeddale Coll.

5 juv.sk. March {E. L. Layard).

d. S ad. sk. Bua {E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.

e. Ad.sk. Kandavu. Voy. H.M.S. 'Chal-

lenger.'
y. Ad. .sk. Taviuni {E. L. Layard). Seebolim Coll.

y. Ad. sk. Taviuni (Liardet). Salvin-Godman Coll.

h. $ ad. sk. Port Pesolution, New Hebrides, Seebohm Coll.
Aug. (/. McGillivray).

9. Cacomantis infuscatus.

Cuculus infuscatus, Hartl. Ibis, 1806, p. 172 ; Finsch Sf Hartl. Faiai.
Centr. Polynesieyis,]). S\, Tp\. v. fig. 1 (1867); Gray, Iland-l. B.
ii. p. 21?, no. 9030.

Male {nearly adidt). General plumage brownish black ; head,
neck, lower back, and tail darker than the mantle and wing, which
are slightly glossed with olive ; a white patch on the edge of the
wing next to the median scries of coverts ; chin and throat brownish
black ; breast paler and rather more ashy, a few of the feathers
with white bars; under surface of the wings dusky brown,
with the greater portion of the coverts white, with some rather
narrow dark bars ; a large white patch on the inner webs of the
quills forming a broad diagonal bar separated from the white spot on
the first primary : " bill, upper mandible horny brown, lower one
yellow ; iris brown ; legs yellow " (E. L. Layard). Total length 10-2
inches, culmen 0-75, wing, 4-9 tail 5-4, tarsus 0-8.

Immature male. Differs from the adult in having all the feathers

S. CACOMANIIS. 277

of the throat, body, and under tail- coverts with broad ..ale bars
more or less washed with rufous, especially on the front of the
chest ; the outer tail-feather with about six distinct partial white
bars on the inner web and a white end, this white end being also
indicated on several of the other feathers ; pale portion of the under
wmg-eoverts Avashed with rufous.

The sexes are similar in plumage, and probably in a fully adult
s].ecimen there would be no pale bar on any feather

Hah. Piji Islands.

«. c? ad ; b. 2 Fiji Islands, A],ril 8, 1877 Tweeddale Coll.

J"\- sJ^- (Dr. li. Smith).

'■• 2 «c^- sk. ( )valau, Fiji Islands, April SeeboLm Coll

, „ . , 22, 1874 {E. L. Lmianl).

'^- ^ •'"'■■ ■■''• Taviiuii, April 24, 1875 Tweeddale (Joll.

(E. L. Layard).

'''•L,f; U ^'' '• ^ ™'"'^' ;^P"'' ^% ^^- L. Tweeddale Coll.

k. d imni. sk. l^ewa, Jan. 187o (E. L. Tweeddale Coll.

Layavd^.

10. Cacomantis passerinus.

Cuculus passerinus, VaU, 8kriv. af ^^atuur. liehh.\s. p, .-,7 (1707) •

Suruiculus tiavus, pt., male, Less. TraiU, p. 152 (1831)

Cuculus flavus, Jerd. Madr. Juiirn. xi. p '>20

Cuculus niger (^nec Linn.), Bhjth, J. A. S. Bemj. 1842, pp. 798, 908,
184.J, p. _'40; Crmj, Gen. B. n. p. 463 (1847) ; id. Cat.Mamm etc
Neprd pres. Hodqs. -p. 120 (164(3). ^ ^' ^amm. etc.

Cuculus tenuirostris Gray,!!!. Lnd. Z. ii. pi. 34. %. 1 (1834) ; Striekl.

p. 85 (1844).

Cuculus uio-er, var. pvronimatus, Hodr/s-. f. e p 85
Cacomantis tenuirostris, B/,. Consp. Vol. Zi/f/od. p. 7 (1854)
lolyphasia tenuirostris, Ilorsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Miis. E.L Co ii

p. t.08 (]8o6) ; Jerd. Ll>is, 1872, p. 15.
Polypha^sia niger, Jerd. B. Lnd. i. p. 333 (18G-^)
Cacomantis passerinus. Cab. ^- Aeine, Mus. Hein. iy. p. 18 (1862)-

Bal, Str F yn. p. 207 (1878) ; Cripps, t. c. p. 2G5; kume; rTci

\. p. -2, (1^81); Davidson, t.c. p. 360.
1 -jvphasia passerina, Jerd. Ilm, 1872. pi. 1 ; Holdsworth, 1\ Z. S
l^- 2, ].. 431 ; Lei/f/e, Ibis, 1875, p. 284.

/^fV''Ti'?"<' ^^'.Z'' ^^'-'f-' ^f J^'fm I»'J.B. p. 136 (1873);
5;^ • * !■• ^•^18y4, p. .3 94 ; Butkr, op. cit. 1875, p. ^461 ; Ball, op.
cit. 18/6, p. 23., ; Fau-bank. t. c. p. 255, 1877, p. 413.

- W»*// »m/.. General plumage grey, darker on the upper surface
with an ohve gloss on the uuintle and wings : a white patch on the

278

CUCtTLlDiE.

primarj- joint ; upper tail-coverts with sorae white on the sides of
the outer feathers ; tail-feathers blue-black with white ends, and
with partial white bars on the inner web of most of the feathers,
more stronglj' indicated on the outer ones : sides of the head and
the underparts grey, passing into white on part of the thigh-
coverts, the abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts
gre}', fading into white on the primary joint; quills brown, with a
white patch on the inner webs of the primaries forming a diagonal
baud : " bill reddish black ; legs and feet brownish yellow ; iris
red ■' {E. A. Butler). Total length S-7 inches, culmen 0-7, wing
4'5, tail 4"5, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male : " bill blackish ;
inside of mouth red ; legs and feet reddish brown ; iris light red "
( W. V. Legge).

Immature. Upper half of the head, lower back, upper tail-coverts,
and tail bright rufous without bars ; upper back and wing-coverts
barred with black ; throat strongly washed with rufous : breast and
under tail-coverts white barred with black ; under wing-coverts
white, more narrowly barred with black ; under surface of the quills
with a diagonal pale bar shaded with rufous.

The Museum Collection contains some interesting varieties ;
three of these have no white on the pinion-joint, two have no
white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, and in one the white
on the quills is absent, and the tail is uniform blackish with very
slightly paler ends to some of the feathers. That these specimens
are mere varieties cannot be doubted, and the most striking of them
has been figured as Polijpliasia pasaerina (Ibis, 1872, fig. 1, upper
figure).

Hah. Indian Peninsula; Java; Sumatra.

a-ij. Ad. et imm. sk.

h. jS ad. ; i. $

imm. sk.
k-p. Ad. et imm.

sk.
q, r, s. Ad. sk.
t. (S fid. sk.
II. 2 ad. sk.
V, IV, .V. Ad. ; I/.

Juv. sk.
z. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. ; f/. $ juv.

sk.
c'-k'. Ad. et inmi.

sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
k'. 2 ad.: /'. .Iiiv.

sk.^
m'-q . tS ad. sk.

r'. (S ad. sk.

Ceylon, Feb., April ( <S'.

Chapman i^- H. Xevill).
Colombo.

Kandy (A. Whyte).

Newara Ellin.
Dyatura, Feb.
Tumgalla, Feb.
Malabar.

Western Ghats.

Coonoor Ghat, April, Sept.,

{li. G. W. li.).
Kotagherry, May, Juue,

Sept., Oct. {Mi.is Cockhuni).
Mysore, May.
^ladras {Jerdon).

Belgaum, April, June, July

tyE. A. L'nt/er).
Vingorla, S. Ivoukan, Feb.

(G-'. Vidal).

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

E. Boate, Esq. [C. j.
Col. Legge [P.].
Col. Legge [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume ( 'oil.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

■s'. All. sk.

/'. Ad. sk.
«'. 2 ad. .sk.
r'. Ad. sk.
?f>'-fr. Ad. et innii.

sk
e". cJ juv. sk.
f'-i". Ad. ctjiiv.

sk.
/.;". Inim. sk.
/", III", n". Ad. el

juv. .sk.
"">P", l"- Ad. ft

juv. sk.
/•". c? ad. sk.
s"-y". Ad.; «•"-

s". Imiii. sk.

< (^^ c^ Ad. ; rP.

(^. Imm. sk.

/^^^A^ Ad. ..t

juv. sk.
e^-/r'. Ad. ci juv.
. sk.
(/'~t'. Ad. et imiii.

sk.
u\ Ad.sk.
v^. Juv. sk.
w^. Ad. sk.
.f'. Bones of trunk.

!'. irrsocAMus.

-Midiablesbwar, May (.S'. li.

Fairl/ank).
-Matherau, Nov.
Seoni, Central Provinces.
.Tubbulpur District.
l!ail)ur, May (/'. Blcwltt).

Sonapur.

Mount Aljoo, .Juur, .Julv.

lvanf,Ta.

•Simla (8. Pimrill).

'Simla, May.

Bareilly, May.
Xepal.

Nepal (/?. //. Hodj/soii).

Native Sikhim, May, July,
Aug. (L. Mandelh).
■Sikhim, Mav, Jidy-Sept.

(L. MaiuJelli).
Darjiling, April, June.

Dacca, March.
Sumatra (C. Iwck).
.Java.
Nepal.

279

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Piawill Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Himie Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

India Museum.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Forbes Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

!'. MISOCALIUS.

Misocalius, Cah. Mm. Hein. iv. p. ](>, note M vI^I'AiUxs

Nisocalnis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 2:>33 . . . ". m! palli..]atus.'
Rmirie. Australia, Aru, Ke, and Batchian Islands.

1. MisocaUus palliolatus.

Tipped Cuckow. Lath. Suppl. ii. p. l;3s (1,^01)

Cuculus palliolatus, Liifh. Lid. Orn. .SiippL ",,. ^O (1801) • Sh^nh
GaiKZooLix. p. 112 (181.1) ; VicilL X.Bici. viii. p. 237 (iSlV) ■
id Ene Mcth p. 1337 (1823) ; Gray. Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847 •
id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218. no. 9033. i \ ) ^

Cuculus Havus, jeune nii'ile, Less. Traite, p. 152 (1831); Pucker
Rev. et May. Zool. 1853, p. 69. v / >

Chalcites osculans, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 32; id B iiisfr iv
pi. 88 (1S48) ; Bc/ik THy. Neuholl. ii. p. HG (1849) ; Bp. Consp'
Vol. Zyyod. p. 7 (]8o4). ' ' ^ i •

Cuculus oscidaus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4(33 (1847).

Chrysococcyx osculans, Gould, Lit rod. B. Auntr p 67 (1848)

Misocalius palliolatus, Cab. ^- Heine, J/.«. Hehi. iv. p. 16, note
{L6b2) ; .Salvad. Aim. Mu.9. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 459 (1878) ; id Orn
Papuasia, p. 344 (1680).

280 CUCULID^.

Adult. Ashy brown with an olive shade, slightly darker and
greyer on the crown, back of neck, nape, and decidedly paler and
more ashy on the lower back and upper tail-coverts ; quills dark
brown, with narrow pale edges ; outermost upper tail-coverts with
broad white marginal ends, and some faint bars mostly on their
outer webs ; all the tail-feathers with broad whitish ends, and five
other distinct white bars on the inner webs of the outer pair, while
similar bars are partially traceable on the penultimate ones ; on the
sides of the head a broad white eyebrow, and a black baud through
the eye comprising the car-coverts ; under surface of body rufous-
buff, fading into white on the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-
coverts, the flanks with almost obsolete dusky bars ; under tail-
coverts with three or four dusky brown bars ; under wing-coverts
and a broad basal margin to the inner webs of the quills rufous-
buff : bill blackish ; irides greyish black ; tarsus in front and toes
above greenish grey, back of the tarsus and soles of the feet pinker.
Total length 7*6 inches, culmen 0"65, wing 4*7, tail 3*8, tarsus 0'7.

Hah, The same as that of the genus.

a, h. Ad. sk. Cape York. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

c. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould CoU.

d. Ad. sk. S. Australia (G. F. Amjas). Gould Coll.

10. CHRYSOCOCCYX.

lype.

Chrysococcyx, Boie, Isis, 18:i7, p. 077 C. cupreus.

Chalcites, Less. Traite Orii. p. lo2 (18:^1) C. cupreus.

Lampromorpha, Vir/. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 0:i C. cupreus.

Lamprococcyx, Cafj. Him. Hein. iv. p. 11 (18(ii') C. cupreus.

Ramje. Confined to Tropical and South Africa.

Kei/ to the hipecics.

a. With yellow ou the under surface.

a'. Breast yellow ; entire throat brill iaut

emerald-green like the upper parts smaratjdineus, p. 280.

h' . Yellow colour coufined to the throat, which

ends in a broad green pectoral collar .... Jluoujiduris, p. 282.

h. With no portion of the plumage yellow ;

throat white or nearly so.

£•'. Tail with three outer pairs of feathers

almost entirely white ; the green of the

neck extending as a patch on the sides of

the crop klami, p. 283.

d'. Tail with less white ; sides of crop uniform

with the breast cupreus, p. 285.

1. Chrysococcyx smaragdineus.

Cuculus cupreus (nee Bodd.), S/taw, Mus. Lever, p. 167 (1792) ; Vieill.

Gal. Ois. i. p. 33, pi. 42 (1825); Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 42

(1858).
Chalcites cupreus, Riipp. Neue Wirb., Voy. p. 62 (1835).

10. cnRYsococcYx. 281

Heine, Mas. Hein. iv. p. 8 (18G2).
Cuculus smara|i;dinensi8, Orai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 4f33 (1847).
Guculus splendidus, Gnu/, Gen. B. ii. p. 4(54 (1847) ; id. Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 218, no. U03o.
Chrysococcyx smaragdiueus, Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 10-5 (1850); Strickl.

Vonfx. Orn. 1851, p. I;j5 ; Verr. Be v. et Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 259;

Horsf. ^- Moure, Cat. B. Mm. E. I. Co. ii. p. 705 (1850-58) ;

Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. li)l (1857) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 246 ;

Cass. Proc. Ac. Fhilad. 1859, p. 142 ; Cab. S,- Heine, Mas. Hein.

p. 142 (1877) ; Omt. N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 120 (1879) ; 8alvad.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 7o (1834); Fischer, J. f. O. 1885,

p. 124; Beichen. J. f. O. 1837, pp. 302, 308; Salcad. Ann. Mus.

Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 32 (1888) ; .Shelle,/, Ibis, 1890, p. 109.
Chalcites iutermedius, T'crr. liev. et Ma;/. Zool. 1851, p. 259.
Clirysococcv.Y iutermediiis, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 191 (1857)'

Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 8 (1862). ' '

Cuculus smaragdiueus, Schl. Mus. Pai/s-Bas, Cuculi, p. 29 ; Gray

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 9035 (1870) ; Ma?ye, P. Z. S. 1873^

p. 588; id. ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 151, 809 (1875-84);

Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. S3.
Cuculus iutermedius, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 9030 (1870).
Chrysococcyx splendidus, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 13 (1871).

Adult male. Entire head, iieuk, front of the chest, and upper
parts brilliant metallic emerald-green ; remainder of the body lemon-
yollow, the under tail-coverts boldly barred with metallic green ;
the four centre tail-feathers uniform green, the remainder with
white ends and with about four broad white bars on the outermost
feathers ; these white bars are variable in number and breadth, and
are only indicated on the penultimate feathers ; under wing-coverts
yellowish white, with a broad metallic green edging to the wino- ;
quills dusky brown, glossed with metallic green towards their ends,
and with broad white basal margins forming a large white centre to
the wing : bill greyish olive, shading into black near the tip and
sides of the mouth ; iris brown ; legs olive-grey. Total length
8-0 inches, culraeu 0-7, wing 4-4, tail 4-7, tarsus OV.

Adult female. DiUfercnt from the male. Crown, primary-coverts,
and quills dark brown, the latter partially barred with rufous ; back
and remainder of the wings rufous, each feather broadly barred with
metallic green ; two centre tail-feathers metallic bronze, passing
into green and fiery copper towards their ends; the remaining
feathers with white ends ; the next pair from the centre are dark
brown, the three outer pairs white, with a broad subterminal black bar
and with two or more dark bars on their inner webs, generally on a
rufous ground ; sides of the head and the under])arts whitej with
wavy metallic green bars ; under wing-coverts like the breast ;
under surface of the quills brown, barred on their inner webs

282

CUCTJLID^.

with white partially tinted with rufous. Total length 8 inches,
culmen 0"6, wing 4'2, tail 3'4, tarsus (>7.

Nestling. Above alternately barred with rufous and metallic
green, except on the rump and tail ; upper tail-coverts dark brown
barred with rufous ; centre tail-feathers nearly black, broadly
washed on their edges with fiery copper ; remainder of the tail
white, washed with rufous and having some black bands ; beneath
white barred with coppery brown : bill yellow. Total length
^■iJ inches.

Young. Differs from the nestling in having a greater amount of
green both above and below : the feathers of the head and under-
parts have broad metallic green ends, a white bar, and their bases
dusky black. Total length 4'5 inches.

The last signs of immaturity in the males are the bars on the
under wing-coverts, though tlae bars on the breast remain for a
long time. On comparing West-African skins with South-African
ones, the former generally have the breast rather darker yellow,
the tail slightly longer, and the white bars on the outer tail-feathers
broader and less numerous.

The type of Cuculus splendidus, Gray, is an adult male which
has lost its two pairs of outer tail-feathers, and has the breast
Tjlcached to white, which often occurs when specimens of this species
have been exposed to light.

Hab. The same as that of the genus.

a. J ad. sk.

b. ^ ad. sk.

c-f. dad.;// /.■. 2
ad. et imm. sk.

l-o. c? ad. ; p. $
ad. sk.

(J, r. Juv. sk.

.V, f, u. S ad. sk.

V. S ad. sk.

10. (S ad, sk.
X, y. S Ad. sk.
z. c? juv. sk.
a', b'. cJ ad. sk.
c'. (5 ad. sk.

West Africa.
River Gandjia.
Fantee (Aubrnii).

Purchased.
Shai-pe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

Gold Coast (//. T. Ussher). Shelley CoU.

Cameroons Mountains.
Gaboon ( Walker).
Ogowe Kiver.

Angola.

Natal.

Natal {Ay res).

Durban, Nov. {(inrdye).

South Africa.

Esq.

d\ e'. (S $ f-d. sk. South Africa {Layurd).

Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
H. T. Ansell,

[P.].
Monteiro Coll.
Dr. Gueinzius [C."'.
Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
L.Merville,Esq.[P.J.
(Type of ('. Kph'ndidus.)
Sharpe Coll.

2. Chrysococcyx flavigularis.

Chrysococcyx flavigularis, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1870, p. (J7'J, pi. 50.

Adult (type of species). Entire upper parts, as well as the sides
of the head and neck, golden green, with a very strong shade of
copper- or lilac-bronze ; two centre tail-feathers iiniforni ficr}'
copper, the next pair dark brown glossed with fiery copper, with
white ends and a broad white outer margin to the basal three

10. CURTSOCOCCYX. 283

quarters of tlie outer webs ; the reinainiag three pairs of outer tail-
feathers while, with a broad subtcrminal bar of blackish bronze ;
quills (lark browu, glossed with fiery copper, most strongly so on
the outer webs ; the inner webs of the (juills buff for about three
(juarters of their length, this colour forming partial bars or notches
in tlie brown of the quills ; chin and throat bright yellow, with the
sides and a few feathers on tlie middle of the crop golden green ;
remainder of the under surface of the; ))ody, the thighs, and the
under tail-coverts brownish buff, each feather with some four or five
wavy narrow bars of bronze ; under wing-coverts buff, similarly
marked ; bill yellow, shaded with horn-colour towards the base ;
legs apparently dark olive, with the soles of the feet yellow. Total
length (J inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-8, tail 2-8, tarsus (J"6.

Hah. W. Africa, Elmiua on the Gold Coast.

The typical specimen is in the Stuttgart Museum.

3. Chrysococcyx klaasi.

Lb Coucuu de Klaus, Levnill. Ois. d\Afr. v. p. o-'j, pi. iVl (1806) ;

Siiiidcv. Krit. oin LeL-aill. p. 47 (IfjoB).
Cucuhis klaasi, Stejih. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 128 (1815) : Vieill. Euc.

Jleth. p. 1383 (1823) ; Sckl. Mils. Paijs-Bas, Cuculi, p. .-50 (1804) :

Gmy, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 9039 (1870) ; Hhavpt, P. Z. 8. 1873,

p. 592 ; Shelley, Ibix, 1875, p. 83 ; Sharpe S)- Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool.

France, i. p. 52 (1870) ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 155

(1876-84) ; id. Jotan. Linn. Soe., Zool. xvii. p. 433 (1884).
Chalcites klasii, Leits. Traite Orn. p. 153 (1831) ; Swains. B. JV.

Afr. ii. p. 189, pi. 21 (1837).
Chrysococcyx clasii, Riipp. Sy.sf. Uehers. p. 96 (1845).
Chrysococcyx klasii, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 73 (1849).
Chrysococcyx klaasi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 105 (1850) ; J. Sf E. Terr.

Rev. et May. Zool. 1855, p. 270 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 205 ;

Fin-^ch, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 248 ; Bianc. Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 327

(1807) ; Finsch .V Hartl. Viiy. Ost-Afr. p. 520 (1870) ; Blanf.

Geol. i^- Zool. Abyss, ji. 31 1 (l.s70) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 58 ;

Giiniey in A7ider8s. B. Hamara-Ld. p. 229 (1872) ; Reichen. J.f. O.

1875, p. 5 ; Bocaye, Orn. Anyola, p. 144 (1877) ; Nicholson, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 131 ; Cab. J.f. O. 1878, p. 237 ; Oicst. Bull. Nota: Arch.

yfus. 1879, p. 59; Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mm. x. p. 96 (1888);

Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 168.
ChrASococcyx klasi, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii.

p." 705 (1856-58).
Chrysococcvx claa.si, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 190 (1857) ; Gurnet/,

Ibis, 1859, p. 247 ; Ileuyl.J.f. O. 1804,*i). 265 ; Ileuyl. Orn. N.6.-

Afr. pj). 778, clxi (l87'l) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 53 ; Fischer ■^•

Reichen. J. /'. O. 1879, p. 342; Fischer, Ze.itschr. r/es. Orn. 1884,

p. 367 ; id.' J.f. O. 18s,5, p. 342.
Laiiiprococcvx klaasi, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 12 (1862) ;

Heine, J.f. O. 1863, p. 3-50 ; Oust. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. p. 106

(1877); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 33 (1888).
I.i!>.niprococcy.>: resplendeus, Heine, J.f. O. l8tv>, p. 350.
C'hakitesJilaasii, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 250 (1867).
Chrysococcyx resplendeus, lU-ichen. J.f. O, 1877, p. 17.

284 cucuLtD^.

Adult male. A}30ve, as well as the sides of the head and sides "of
the neck, uniform deep metallic green, often partially shaded with
lilac ; a partial white cj-ebrow extendinj]; over the ear-coverts ; quills
dark brown, washed on their outer webs with metallic green and on
their inner ones notched with white ; four centre tail-feathers
uniform green like the back, the outer three pairs white with a
large subtenninal green spot on their outer webs, their inner webs
having generally a few broad black bars, the third from the outside
having that web more boldly marked and with nearly the entire
basal half black ; under surface of body snow-white, the green sides
of the neck advancing in a patch on the sides of the fore neck ; the
front half of the long thigh-coverts metallic green ; under wing-
coverts white with a few dusky bars ; quills dusky black, with
white triangular notches to their inner webs not reaching to the
shafts : irides brown ; bill and legs duskj*. Total length 6*2 inches,
culmen 0'6, wing 3-8, tail 3, tarsus 0-G5.

Adult female. Sides and upper half of the head and neck brown ;
a white spot barred with brown behind the eye and over the ear-
coverts ; back brown, obscurely barred with rufous and metallic
bronze or green ; wing-coverts, scapulars, and secondaries with
alternate bars of metallic green and I'ufous ; quills dark brown,
notched with rufous on both webs, forming incomplete bars ; outer
tail-coverts with some white on their outer webs ; four centre
tail-feathers brownish bronze, with broad metallic fiery copper
or green ends, the next pair have their inner webs rufous instead
of white as in the males : beneath huffy white, narrowly barred
with dark brown zigzag lines ; the brown sides of the neck
advancing in a patch on the sides of the fore neck ; the front
half of the long thigh-coverts with concentric bands of bronze
and rufous. Total length 6'4 inches, culmen ()-6. wing 3-7, tail 3,
tarsus (Xio.

Immature male. Somewhat resembles the adult female, but differs
in the crown and back being alternately barred with metallic green
and rufous ; the sides of the head, neck, and lateral patch on the
chest rufous-white barred with brownish bronze, and the under-
parts generally white, more irregularly barred with brownish
bronze.

Hah. The whole of Tropical Africa.

a, h. Ad. et imm. Senegambia. Sharpe Coll.

sk.

c, d, e. cJ ad. sk. Fautee^lf. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.

/, //■ S 'id. sk. Denkera, Jan. (//. T. Blis- Shai-pe Coll.

sett).

h. cJ ad. sk. Gold Coast {Auhinn). Shelley Coll.

i. (S ad. sk. Cameroous, Feb. 2, 1871 {A. Shai-pe Coll.

CrossJcy).

k. S .iii"^'- sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

I. 5 ad. st. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

m. (S ad. sk. Semmio, Niam-Niam Country, F. Bohndorli [C.].

March.

10. CHRYSOCOCCYX.

285

n. Ad.sk.
o. cJ ad. sk.

p. cJ ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Imm, sk.

s, t. Ad. sk.
u, V. Ad. ; lu, X.

Juv. sk.
y-c'. Ad. et imni.

d' , e'. (S <ad. sk.
/. 6 ad. sk.
g', h'. Ad. et

j uv. sk.
i'. (S ad. sk.

A'. J ad. St.
/'. Skeleton.

Abyssiuia.

Island of Mombasa, July 1876.

Larau, E. Africa, Aug. 24.

Tete, Zambesi.

Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad-

shaw).
Trausvaal.
'Satal (T. Ayres).

Purchased.

J)r. J. M. Ililde-

brandt [O.J.
F. J. Jackson, Esc[.
Sii- John Kirk [O.J
Shelley Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

Durban, Natal ( T. L. Ai/res). Shelley Coll.

rinetown, March (G. E. S.).
Eland's Post (?'. C. Atniore).
South Africa (i?. L. Lai/ard).

Uaniara-Land, March 20 [C. J.

Andersson).
South Africa.
West Africa.

Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Dr. Lee [P.J.
Purchased.

I

4, Chrysococcyx cupreus.

Le Coucou vert dore et blanc, Huff'. Mist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 385 (1879).
Coucou vert du Cap de Bonne Esperauce, Month. PL Enl. vi. pi. 057

(1780).
Gilded Ouckow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 527 (1782).
Ouculus cupreus, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 40 (1783) ; Vieill. Enc.

Math. p. 1332 (1823) ; Drap. Diet. Class. Sc. Nat. p. 142 (1838) ;

Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Ouculi, p. 31 (1864) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 218, no. SJ037 (1870) ; Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 591 ; Buckley,

Ihis, 1874, p. 367 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 83 ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876,

p. 199 ; Sharpe 4'' Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 51 ( 1876).
Ouculus auratus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 421 (1788) ; Jleill. Enc.

Meth. p. 1337 (1823) ; Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 52 (1838) ; Drap.

Diet. Sc. Nat. p. 142 (1838); Thienem. Abbild. J'oyeleiern, pi. 15.

tig-. 4 (1845-5{i) ; Grill, Zool. Antecku. p. 43 (1858).
Le Coucou Didric, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 40, pis. 210, 211 ; Su/uler.

Krit. om Levaill. p. 47 (1858).
Lampromoiiiha chalcopepla, Tiy. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 92.
Chalcites auratus, Less. I'raite, p. 153 (1831) ; Swains. B. W. Afr.

ii. p. 187 (1837) ; Mont. Ibis, 1802, p. 337 ; Layard, B. S. Afr.

p. 250 (1867) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1808, p. 103.
Ouculus chalcopeplus. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847).
Chrysococcyx auratus, i?/;. Consp. i. p. 105(1850): Ilartl. Om. Jf'-

Afr. p. 190 (1857); Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 247; Mont. P.Z.S.

1865, p. 94; Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 84 (1865) ; Ilartl. P. Z. S.

1807, p. 820; Bocaye, Jorn. Li.-'b. i. p. 143 (1807); Gurney, Ibis,

1808, p. 407 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 58.

Chrysococcyx cupreus, Blyth, Cat. B. M. As. S. p. 72 (1852) ; Ileuyl.
Peterm. Mitth. 18()], p. 26; Cab. ^^^ Heine, Mus. Ilein. iv. p." 8
(1802); Finsch ..V Hartl. Vdy. Ost-A/r. p. 522 (1870); Blanf.
Geol. ^- Zool. Abyiis. p. 313 (l.s70) ; Shar/,e, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 145,
1871, p. 005; Ileuyl. Om. A' O.-.l/r. pp. 776, clxi (1871); Shelley,

286 CUCTTLID^.

B. E(/ypt, p. 163 (1872) ; Gurney in Anderss. B. Dmnarn-Ld.
p. 228 (1872) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1874,'p. 103; Reichen. J.f. O. 1875,
p. 6; Bocage, On'i. Anr/ola, p. 143 (1877); Beichen. J.f. O. 1877,
p. 17 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1878, p. 407 ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 237 ; Fisch.
§• Reichmi. t. c. p. 252 ; Oust. Bull. Norn. Arch. Mns. 1879, p. 59 ;
Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 297, 1880, p. 262; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881,
p. 594 ; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 245 ; Biihm, J. f. O. 1882, p. 165 ;
Schahtc, t. c. p. 346 ; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 153, 809
(1875-84) ; At/res, Ibis, 1884, p. 224 ; Fi.sch. Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1884,
p. 367 ; Aijres, Ibis, 1885, p. 343 ; Biihm, J. f. O. 1885, p. 41 ;
Fisch. t. c. p. 124; Buttik. Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 225 (1885);
Ayres, Ibis, 1886, p. 291 ; Buttik. Notes Leyd. Mus. viii. p. 264
(1880) ; Si/mo>ids, Ibis, 1887, p. 328 ; Bocatfe, Jon?. Lisb. 1887,
p. 2; Reichen. J.f O. 1887, p. 58 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 42.

Lamprococcyx cupreiis. Cab. &; Heine, Mus. Ilein. iv. p. 11 (1862) ;
Onst. Bull. Soc. Phil. (7) i. p. 106 (1877).

Lamprococcyx chrysochlorns. Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 11
(1862) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 92 (1884), vi.
p. 213 (1888).

Lamprococcyx cliiysites, Heine, J.f. O. 1863, p. 350.

Clialcites cupreiis, Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 327.

Cuculus clarysites, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 9040.

Cuculus chrysochlorns. Gray, t. c. no. 9041.

Adult male. Above metallic green, shot with a coppery gloss'
principally on the mantle ; a white band down the centre of the
forehead and front of the crown ; a broad white eyebrow inter-
rupted iust over the eye ; wing-coverts mottled with white, mostly
towards the centre portion ; quills black glossed with metallic
green, with three or four hirge white partial bars on their inner
webs, and three distinct white spots on the outer webs of the
secondaries, indicated rather as notches on a few of the outer pri-
maries ; tail-coverts with broad white ends to their outer webs ;
tail of a slightly bluer shade than the back, and with white ends to
all of the feathers ; all but the centre pair with white spots, most
numerous on the outer ones, where they form partial bars ; ear-
coverts, a band under the eye, and a narrow moustachial stripe
metallic green ; remainder of the cheeks, throat, and body white,
with broad dusky bronze bars on the sides of the breast and the
under tail-coverts, occasionally extending on to the centre of the
chest ; under surface of the wings brownish black, the coverts
mottled and barred with white, the quills broadly banded with
white across the inner webs of the feathers : bill black ; iris dark
red ; legs brownish black. Total length 7"5 inches, culmcn (i-li,
wing 4-6, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Very similar to the male, but more shaded above
with coppery bronze than with green ; the white markings on the
quills partially shaded with rufous, and many of the tail-feathers
barred with that colour ; the throat and front of the chest
often shaded with rufous.

Nestlinr/. Upper half of the head uniform rufous ; remainder of
the upper parts rufous, sparingly barred with dusky brown and
shaded with metallic green : a few white marks on the wing-coverts ;

]0. nriiYsococcYx.

287

the ([uills (liirk brown liarred with rufous ; upper tail-coverts more
glossed with green and with large white ends to the outer wchs of
the feathers ; tail dark brown, with rufous and a few white bars,
and white tips to some of tlie feathers ; beneath white, striped on
the throat and spotted on the breast with bronzy brown : bill yellow.
Total length 4-4 inches.

Ilah. The same as that of the genus.

(I. Imm. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Juv. sk.

d. Ad. ; f. Juv. .'
/. Ad. sk.
ff-n. Ad. ; o, p,

Imm. slv.
r, s. Ad. sk.

t, u, V. Ad. ; /(■,

If. Imm. sk.
z. Ad. sk.

a'-d'. Ad. sk.
e'. cC ad. sk.

/'. (5 ivd. sk.
//'. (S ad. sk.

h'. S nd. sic.

/'. 5 imm. sk.
7.:'. Ad. sk.

/'. Ad. sk.
?«', ?/, '/. ,Vd. :
p . Imm. sk.
q'. Imm. sk.
r'. $ juv. sk.

s\ r. Ad. sk.
u . Imm. .sk.
?•'. Ad. sk.

id . J ad. sic.

.1'. 2 ad. sk.

ij. 5 ad. sic.

;:', d" . Imm. sic.

h". Ad. sk.

c", d". S ad. sk
e"./'.Ad.: $

jiiv. sk.
</", K'. Ad. sk.

West Africa.

River Gambia.

Casamanse.

Gold Coast, Jan., April, May,

Ashanti.

Fantee, Aug.,

Gonuor's Hill, Cape Coast

Castle, March {(J. E. S.).
Abeokuta (//. Robin).

L. Fraser, Esq. [C.].
Sharpe Coll.
J. Verreaux.
Shelley Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.

Dec. (H. T. Sharpe Coll.
Shellev Coll

F. Nicholson, Esq.

[P.].
Sharpe Coll.

Cameroons Mountains. Feb.

[Crossley).

Gaboon. Sharpe Coll.

Anscba Vallev. Rogos-Land, W. T. Rlanford, Esq.

July. " [C.].

Rejook, July ( W. Jem-). Tweeddale Ccjll.

Kagima, Shoa, Jan. ( O. Shelley Coll.

Anfinori).
Kedjaf, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha fC.I.

May.
Kiri, May 24. Emin Pasha [P.].

Lamu Island, E. Africa, F. J. Jackson, Esq.

August. [P.].

Lamu {Sir J. KirJi). Shelley Coll.

rT.sambara^Iountains, Panu-ani Shelley Coll.

River {Sir J. Kirk).
Zanzibar ((S'(> ,/. Kirk).
Zanzibar, Sept.

Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk).
Zambesi {I)r. Mi-Ui-r).
-Makalaka Country {T)r.

Uradghmv).
Ramangwato, Oct. ( T. I'.

Buckliy).
Crocodile Rivei', Transvaal,

Xov. (/'. Oatc^).
Limpopo River, iNov. ( 7'. E.

Bucklt'ij).
Itusteidjerg.

Potciu'fstrooni.

Transvaal (Ai/rpii).
Natal, March (Ar)inld).

Pretoria (Pratt).

Sharpe Coll.

Ur. J. M. Ililde-

brandt [C.j.
Shelley Coll.
Tweeddale Cidl.
Shelley Coll.

Shelley Coll.

W. E. .'l- C. G. Gates,

Esqrs. ' P. !.
Shelley Coll.'

F. A. Rarratt, Esq.

[r.]-

F. A. Rarratt. Esq.

[P.].
Sharpe Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

288 CTTcuriD^.

i". Ad. sk. Fort Beaufort. Sharpe Coll.

k" , I". Ad. ; ?h". South Africa.

Imm. St.
n". Ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. (C. J. Anders- Tweeddale Coll.

smi).
o". Ad. sk. Damara-Land (C /. ^.). Sharpe Coll.

p", q". Ad. et Anoola (Monteiro). Sharpe Coll.

juv. sk.
r". S ad. sk. Katenhella, Benguela, Dec. Sharpe Coll.

[Sala).

11. CHALCOCOCCYX.

Type.
Chalcococcyx, Cah. Mus. Hcin. iv. \i. 15 (18ry) . . C. xautliorhyuchus.

Bange. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon to the Burmese Countries
and the Malayan Peninsula, throughout the whole of the Malayan
Archipelago to Australia and Jfew Zealand.

Key to the Species.

a. Bill yellow ; breast regularly barred ; throat
barred (in the females and young).

a . Throat and vipjier parts violet .ranthorhyyiclws, p. 289.

//. Throat and upper parts green macuhitus, p. 20].

h. Bill not yellow.

c . Basal half of quills rufous vift/efi, p. 29.3.

d'. Quills brown ; never more than margined
with rufous.
a". Under wing-coverts ban-ed. (Adults.)
a'". Basal two-thirds of tail rufous, with
the exception of the inner and outer

feathers hasa/is, p. 294.

h'". Basal half of tail never imiform
rufous.
(iK With no rufous edges to the quills
and with less rufous on the under
sinfaee of the wings and outer pair
of tail-feathers.
rt\ Lai'ger : wing not less than 4
inches.
«". Breast-bands bright gi-een.
Crown green like the back ;
forehead freckled with white.
a'. Bill wider. Slightly larger, lucidus, p. JO").
v. Bill narrower. Slightly

smaller poliurus, p. 29(5.

If. Breast-bands coppery bronze ;
crown and back of neck pur-
plish bronze, contrasting with
the green back ; forehead less

freckled with white pkiffosits, p. 297.

h'\ Smaller : wing not more than
3*8 inches. Breast-band cop-
pery bronze : forehead stongly
frecliled with white malai/fwus, p. 298.

11. CHALCOCOCCTX. 289

//. With narrow rufous edges to the

(£uills, and more rufous on the

under surface of thi> wings and

outer pair of tail-feathers.

c\ With scarcely any rufous shade

on the throat jwcilurus, p. 290.

d'. Tiiroat strongly wa-^iied with

rufous 7-iiJicolliii, p. 300.

b". Under wing-coverts uniforni white.

(Young of preceding species.)
c". With no white on the upper wiug-
coverts.
c"'. AVith rufous edges to the primaries. . poeriluroirh's, p. 301.
d'". W'ith no rufous edges to the pri-
maries mtso>-eii><is, p. 301.

d". With a white patch on the upper wing-
coverts cra.'i.nrostri'!, p. 302.

1 . Chalcococcyx xanthorhynchus.

C'uculus xanthorhvnchus, Hursf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1822) ;

ill. Zool. Hes. Jam,])\. 59 (1824) ; T'li/. Mem. Raffl. p. 672 (1830);

S. MM. Ver/i. Xat. Gese/t. Lctnd- 'en J'olk. p. 234 (1839-44) ;

lil>/f//, J. A. S. Bern/, xi. p. 919 (1842) ; Schl. Mit.s. Pays-Bas,

Ouculi, p. 32 (1864) {Ormj, Hnnd-l. B. ii. p. 219, no. 9040 (1870) ;

Hharpe, Ilns, 1879, p. 244.
Lampromorpha amethystina, Viij. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 98.
Chrvsococcvx xanthorhvnchus, Blyth, J. A. >S. Benq. xi. p. 919 (1842),

xii. p. 24o (1843); Bli,th, Cat. B. Mm. As. 'Soc. p. 73 (1849);

Bp. Cunxp. i. p. 106 (18o0) ; Hor.'.-f. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I.

Co. ii. p. 706 (1806-08) : Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 209; Scdvad. Ucc.

Borneo, p. 62 (1874); n'cild. I/,is, 1874, p. 137 ; Hume, St r. F.

iii. p. 472 (1874) ; Bli/th ^- Wald. B. Burma, p. 80 (1875) ; Txceedd.

Ibis, 1877, p. 287 ; Wardlaw Ranway, Ibia, 1877, p. 458; Hume,

Str. F. vi. p. 506 (1878), viii. pp. 54, 89 (1879) ; S/iarjye, P. Z. S.

1879, p. 327 ; Hume, Str. F. ix. p. 248 (1880) : Sharpe, P. Z. S.

1881, p. 792: Oate.s, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 114 (1883);

Buttik. Xotes Lei/den Mus. 1886, p. 27; S/iarjie, ii/s, 1888, p. 198,

1890, p. 9; Whitehead, t. c. p. 46.
Lampromorjiha xauthorh^Tichus, Bp. Con.y). Vol. Zygod. p. 7 (1854).
Chalcococcyx xanthorhvnchus, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 15

(1802) : 'Hume, Str. F. ii. p. liil (1874), iii. p. 81 (1875); Hume

^- Baris. Str. F. vi. pp. 1(>1, 506 (1878).
Chalcococcyx amethystinus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. pp. 160, 250 (1875).
Chalcites xanthorhynchus, Gould, B. A.sia, vi. pi. 47 (1877).
Chrvsococcvx limborgi, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 3(56 ; id. Str. F. vii.

p! 319 ( 1,'^78) ; Huvie, Str. F. viii. p. 89 (1879) ; Binyhatn, Str. F.

ix. p. 168 (1880) ; Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 116 (1883).

Adult male. Upper parts as well as the entire head and neck
uniform metallic violet ; quills brownish black, edged with the same
colour as the back ; tail above like the back, the outer pair of
feathers with three partial white bars and white tips, the next two
pairs with much smaller white ends, which in some specimens are
absent ; breast, under wing-covcrt.s, and under tail-coverts white,
with broad metallic bars varying from violet to greenish blue ;

VOL. XIX. u

290

under surface of the quills dark brown, with some white on the
basal portion of the inner webs of some of the feathers ; these white
marks sometimes entirely absent : " bill orange-yellow ; iris red,
eyelids green, the edges red ; mouth orange ; legs greenish brown ;
claws black" {E. W. Oates). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-65,
wing 4, tail 3, tarsus 0'6.

Adult female. Above coppery bronze shaded with green, and with
somewhat obscure rufous edges to most of the feathers of the wing ;
sides of the head and eyebrows white, barred with black ; forehead
partially mottled with these coloui's ; remainder of the crown and
back of the neck nearly uniform dark brown ; centre pair of tail-
feathers nearly uniform fiery bronze, passing into green towards
their ends ; remainder of the feathers rufous, barred with black,
and the outer web and tip of the exterior pair blotched with white ;
underparts, including the under wing-coverts, white, regularly barred
with bronzy brown, passing into black on the under tail-coverts ;
under surface of the quills brown, with broad inner margins of buff,
passing into white near the base of the feathers. Total length 6 '6
inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3'0, tail 28, tarsus 0-55.

Young. Above rufous ; back of the neck, back, and wing-coverts
barred with metallic green ; quills greenish brown, edged with
rufous ; two centre tail-feathers metallic green, tipped with rufous,
remainder rufous, barred with black and tipped with white and with
some white bars on the outer feathers ; beneath white, barred with
bronze ; bill yellowish brown. Total length 5-6 inches.

Males on first assuming the metallic plumage are irregularly
blotched with both metallic green and violet. The type of C. lim-
horgi, Tweeddale, only differs from typical fuU adult males in having
a broad band of white across the back of the neck, which I attribute
to partial albinism.

Hah. From Siam and Assam through the Burmese countries and
the Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the islands
of the Bay of Bengal.

a. Ad. sk.

b, c. Ad. sk.

d, e. Ad. ; /, </, h.

Imni. sk.
i. Imm. sk.

k. Ad. sk.
/. (^ ad. sk.
VI. Ad. sk.

n, 0. Ad. et imm.

sk.
2T, q, r. Ad. ; s, t, ti.

Imra. sk.
V. 2 imm. sk.
w, a\ Ad. ; t/, z, a'.

Imm. sk.

Java (^Horsjield).
Labuan.

Sarawak.

Trusan, March.

Banjarmassing (/. Motley).

Sumatra.

Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E. C.

Bzixton).
Malacca, Jan., March ( W. Davi-

S0)7 ) .

Malacca.

Pulo Seban, Oct. ( W. Davison).
Klang, Salangore, March, Sept.
( W. Daviso?i).

India Museum.

(Tj^e of species.)

Sir Hugh Low

[C.].
A. II. Everett,

Esq. [C.].
A. H. Everett,

Esq. [C.].
Tweeddale CoU.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Himie Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

11. CHALCOCOCCTX.

291

b'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.

<!'. 2 imm. sk.

e . Imm. sk.

/', (/'. (S ad. et imiii.

sk.
/*'. $ ad. sk.

i', k'. S 2 ad. sk.
/'. $ ad. sk.
7>i'. cS *id. sk.

«', o'. cT ? ad. sk.
;/. c? ad. sk.
(/. (5 ad. sk.

>•'. (T imm. sk.
.-!'. 5 ad. sk.

t', It'. Imm. sk.

v'. Ad. sk.

w'-d". c? ad. et
imm. ; e"-l". $
ad. et imm. sk.

m" . S fid. sk.

n", o". c? $ ad. sk.
1^", ?"• cf $ «d. sk.

Penanjr (7?. Swinhoe).
Perak Mountains.

Island of Girbee, Sept. {J. Dar-

Nicobars.

South Andamans, Aug. (H. J.

ll'nii/x'rlri/).
South Andamans, May (R. G.

;/'. li.).
Tort IJhiir, July (R. J. Wimberley)
North Bay, S. Andamans.
IJankasoon, S. Tenasserim, April

•2-2 ( W. Davison).
Tavov, April ( W. J).).
AmhVrst, March ( »'. I).).
Ilouugthraw River, Jan. ( 11

Limhorg).
Kanee, Jan. (W. D.).

Seebohm Coll.
L. Wray, Esq.

[P.]-
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
(Tjpo of C. Ihnborgi.)
Ilume Coll.

Meplaychi)unir,Thonn^yeen River, Hume Coll.

March (C. T. Binqham).

JMoulmein, Oct., Dec. ( W. D.). Hume Coll.

Siam. Hume Coll.

Pegu, Aug., Sept., Oct., Doc, Oates Coll.

Jan. {E. IV. O.).

Karen-nee (IGOO feet), March

{li. G. IV. R.)
Cachar, Aug. (J. Inglis).
Dibrughur, July, Aug. {J. R.

Crijyps).

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

2. Chalcococcyx maculatus.

Spotted Curucui, Brown, III. Zool. pi. 13 (1776).
Trogon maculatus, G)n. Si/d. A'at. i. p. 404 (1788, e.v Brown).
Cuculus lucidus {nee Gm.), Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 917 (1842).
Chrysococcvx lucidus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 917 (1842), xiii.

p. 390 (1844).
Chalcites xanthorhynchus {nee Horsf.), Hodg,^. Icon. ined. in Brit.

Mu.^., Passercs, pi. 539 (figs. 515, 516) ; id. in' Gray's Zool. Misc.

p. 85.
Chrysococcyx smaragdinus (nee Su:), Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. x\. p. 53

(184G).
Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus, Grai/, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres.

Hodgs. p. 20 (1846).
Cuculus malayauus {nee Raffi.), Gray, Gen. B. ii. pi. 117 (1847).
Chrysococcyx plago.sus {ncc Lath.), Bp. Co/ixp. i. p. 106 (1850).
I^anipromorphus plagosus, Bp. C'ousp. Vol. Zygod. p. 7 (1854).
Chrysococcvx hodgsoni, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mtis. E. I. Co. ii.

p.' 705 (1 W>(5-58) ; Jerd. B.' India, i. p. 338 (1862) ; Swinh. P. Z. S.

1871, p. 394 ; Davis. Str. F. x. p. 299 (1881).
Lamprococcyx smaragdinus, Cab. i.^ Ueine, Mits. ILin. iv. p. 13, note

(1802).
Chrysococcyx schomburgki, Gould, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 73.
Cuculu.9 hodgsoni, Schl. Mux. Patfu-Bas, Cuculi, p. .32 (1864).

u2

292 CtTCTJLID^.

Lamprococcyx maculatus, TVald. Ibis, 1869, p. 334; Holdswortk,
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 432 ; Hume, Sir. F. viii. pp. 161, 602 (1878) ;
Salvacl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. p. 681 (1887).

Cuculus schomburgln, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 219, no. 9045.

Cuculus smaragdiuus, Gray, I. c. no. 9060.

Chalcococcjx smaragdinus, Hume ^ Davis. Str. F. i. p. 422 (1873).

Chrysococcyx maculatus, Blyth Sf- Wald. B. Burma, p. 80 (1875) ;
Walcl. Ibis, 1876, p. 345 ; WurdlaiD Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 458 ;
Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 89, 155 (1879); Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 167
(1880) ; Hume, t. c. p. 248 ; Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii.
p. 113 (1883) ; BiUtik. Notes Lei/den Mus. 1886, p. 26.

Chalcites hodgsoni, Gould, B. Asia, vi. pi. 46 (1877).

Cuculus maculatus, Leygp, B. Ceylon, p. 238 (1880).

Adult male. .4bove metallic green, mottled with copper and with
a bluish shade at the ends of the quills ; outer tail-feathers with
three broad partial bands and the ends white, the next pair with
narrower white tips ; entire head and throat metallic green like the
upper parts ; breast alternately barred with white and metallic
coppery green ; under tail-coverts greener, with narrower white
bands ; under wing-coverts barred with metallic green and white,
and with a dusky patch next to the quills ; under surface of the
quills dusky brown, with a white patch on the inner web of most of
them, forming a band on the under surface of the wing : bill yellow,
tipped with black ; irides reddish brown ; legs reddish brown.
Total length 6-8 inches, culraen 0-6, wing 4"5, tail 3, tarsus O'G.

Adult female. Crown and back of the neck rufous, mottled about
the forehead with zigzag bars of dark brown and white; back, wings,
and tail metallic green, much shaded with copper, the edges of the
quills washed with the same shades ; two centre tail-feathers metallic
green, ending in a broad baud of fiery copper, the next pair metallic
with four or five rufous triangular patches on their outer webs
extending to the shafts of the feathers ; the remainder of the tail-
feathers are mostly rufous barred with metallic green, the two outer
pairs tipped with white and the outermost one also broadly barred
with white on the outer web ; under surface, including the wing-
coverts, alternately barred with white and copper ; the pale portion
of the quills partially shaded with rufous.

Young male. Differs from the fuU-plumaged male in having the
throat barred like the breast and in often having the sides of the
head and front of the crown barred with white. They are distin-
guished from the female by the absence of rufous on the head,
throat, wings, tail.

Hah. From Naini Tal to the Eastern Himalaya, through the
Burmese countries and the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra.

a. Ad. sk. Himalayas. Gould Coll.

6. Ad.; e, f/. Imm.sk. Naini Tal, May, Oct. Hume Coll.

e. Imm. sk. Kaladoongi, Dhoon, Sept. 29. Hume Coll.

f,ff.A.d..; h,i,k. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.

Imm. sk.

I, m. Ad.; n. Imm. Native Sikhim, April, May, Aug. Hume Coll.

sk. (Z. Mandelli).

11. CHALCOCOCCYX.

293

o-u. Ad. ; y-y. Iinm.

sk.
z-e'. Ad. ; f'-k'.

Imm. sk.
I'-m'. Imm. sk.
n'. Ad. sk.

<■/. (5 ad. sk.

p'-u . (J ad. ; 2>', w .

^ $ imm. sk.
•';'>. y'- c? ? .juv. sk.
z. (S imm. sk.
«", b". Ad. sk.
C-". (5" ad. sk.

d". Ad. sk.
e" . 2 imm. sk.

/") //"• 6 ? ad. sk.

h", i" . cJ imm. ; k" .

$ ad. sk.
/". (S ad. sk.

m". (5' sk.

n". c? ad. sk.

o". Bones of trunk.

Sikhim, Feb. to May, Aug., Oct.,

Nov. {L. Manclelli).
Darjeeling-, April.

Darjeeiinij:.

Lower Hills, Ijhutan Dears, April

(Z. Mandelli).
N. Khasia Hills, March {A.

W. Chennell).
Dibrughur, April to June, Aug.

(J. It. C'rip2)!i).
Cachar, June {J. IncjUs).
Prome, Pegu.
Tiinghoo.
Karen Hills, March 29 {R. G.

W. It).
Siam {6'cfiombiin/k ) .
Assoon, Tenasserim, Feb. 5

( W. Li7nhor(/).
Mooleyit, Jan , Feb. (IF. Davi-
son).
Meetau, Feb. ( //". Davison).

Meplay, Thoungyeen valley, Feb.

( ('. T. Bint/ham).
Thoungsha (iyne, March 10 ( TV.

Davisoii).

Sumatra, Nov. {C. Buck).
Nepal.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Cull.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Gates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Gould Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.
Hodgson Coll.

o. Chalcococcyx meyeri.

Chrysococcyx splendidus {nee Gray), Meyer, Sitzb. k. Akad. Wis-
sench. Wien, l.xi.x. p. 81 (1874); Scktf. Ibis, 1874, p. 416.

Chrysococcyx meyeri, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vi. p. 82
(1874) ; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 715 (1875); Sal-
vad. t. c. p. 762 ; Beccari, Ibis, 1876, p. 253 ; Guillem. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 625.

Lamprococcyx meyeri, Saload. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 012
(1874), X. p. 124 (1877), xiii. p. 459 (1878) ; Bamsai/, Pr. Linn.
Soc. iV. S. Wales, iii. p. 256 (1878), iv. p. 96 (1870) ; ' Salvad. Ibis,
1879, p. 321 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 428 (1882) ;
Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 346 (1880), iii. p. 521 (1882), App.
p. 40 (1889).

Chalcites meyeri, Gould, B. New Guin. pt. v. pi. 12 (1877).

Adult male. Above bright metallic green shaded with coppery
bronze, mottled behind the ear-coverts with a few partially white
feathers ; quills rufous on both webs, passing into dark brown
on the terminal half of the feathers, and gradually juissing into
cop])ery green on the innermost secondaries ; tail brownish black, all
the feathers glossed with greenish bronze and with palo ends ; the
two centre feathers brightest and with the pale ends scarcely vi.sible
except from beneath ; the remainder of the tail-featlicrs with white
tips to the inner webs, and the outermost pair of all having in

294 cucuLiD^.

addition three white spots on the inner webs, with their outer webs
irregularly notched with white ; underparts white, regularly banded
with coppery bronze, shaded with green ; under wing-coverts like
the breast, "only with narrower bars : " bill and iris black ; legs
dusky grey " (A. Goldie). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing
3-5, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-55.

Adult female. Differs only from the male in having the forehead
and front half of the crown bright chestnut.

Hah. New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts., New Guinea. A. Goldie [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Sogers Distr., S.E. New H. O. Forbes, Esq.

Guinea. [G-]-

4. Chalcococcyx basalis.

Cuculus basalis, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1821); Vig.

Mem. Raffl. p. 672 (1830); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847) ; id.

Hand-l. B. p. 218, no. 9038 (1870).
Chrysococcyx chalcites {nee III.), Blyth, J. A. S. Bemj. xi. p. 919

(1842).
Chrysococcvx lucidus (wee Gm!), Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 86, pt.

fig. 2 et juv. (1848).
Chrysococcyx basalis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 73 (1849) ;

Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. I. Co. ii. p. 107 (1856-58).
Chalcites basalis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 7 (1854) ; Hume, Sir.

F. ill. p. 319 (1875) ; Ramsay, Pi: Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2) ii.

p. 170 (1887).
Lamprococcyx basaUs, Ca6. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 12 (1862) ;

Salrad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 459 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papu-

asia, i. p. 349 (1880), App. p. 49 (1889).
Cuculus lucidus, Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 33 (pt., 1864).
? Cucidus ueglectus, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, C'ucidi, p. .35 (1864) ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 219, no. 9045 (1870).

Adult male. Upper parts brown, strongly glossed with metallic
green on the mantle, wings, and tail ; feathers of the wings with
narrow pale brown or white edges ; tail with the two centre
feathers brown strongly washed with metallic green, all the
remainder of the feathers having a white terminal spot on their
inner webs and a subterminal dark bar ; outer feather blackish,
with six broad white bars across the inner web, and a similar
number of notches on the outer web ; the next three pairs having
their basal three quarters uniform rufous, with the remainder dusky
greenish brown above and ashy beneath, with two spots of white
very distinct on the inner webs ; sides of the head with a broad white
eyebrow ; ear-coverts brown ; remainder of the plumage white,
shaded and mottled with pale brown on the sides and base of the
throat ; breast barred on the sides with brown ; under tail-coverts
with a few large brown shaft-spots ; under wing-coverts white,
barred with brown like the sides of the body ; under surface of the
quUls brown, with a patch of white near the shaft of the Urst
primary, and a large marginal one on the inner webs of the

11. CHALCococcrx. 295

remainder. Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0'55, wing 4, tail 3,
tarsus 0-7.

Adult fenuile. Similar to the male in plumage. Total length
(v7 inches, culmon 0-55, wing 4, tail 2-9, tarsus 0"7.

Hah. Australia, Aru Islands, Timor, Elores, Lombock, Java ;
re-occurring in Malacca.

a. 2 ad. sk.

Singapore, July (//. Kelt

'tarn).

Hume Coll.

b. Ad. sk.

Java {Horsjield).

India Museum.

c. 5 -id. sk.

Loiubiick ( Wallace').

Gould Coll.

d. 2 ad. .sk.

Australia (G. Fi-adcjh'ij).

India Museum.

e. Ad. sk.

Australia.

Seebohm Coll.

/. Ad. sk.

North Australia.

Purcliased.

</, h. Ad. sk.

Cape York.

Salviu-Godman Coll.

i. <S ad. sk.

Moretou Bay, July
St ra »[/(').

(F-

Gould Coll.

k. Ad. sk.

Eiver Darlinjr (Dr. Pechci/).

Gould Coll.

/, »«, 11. Ad. ;

0. South Australia.

Gould CoU.

Juv. .'■k.

ji. Ad. sk.

Murray River.

C. D. E. Fortnum,
Seebohm Coll.

q. Ad. sk

Melbourne.

r. Juv. sk.

Tasmania.

Gould Coll.

*'. Ad. sk.

Tasmania.

AutarcticE.xpedition.

5. Chalcococcyx lucidus.

Shining Cuckoo, lat/i. Gen. Si/n. ii. p. 528, pi. 23 (1782).

Cuculus lucidus, Gm. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 421 (1788); Vit/. ^- Horsf.

Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 30 (1826) ; Tenon. PI. Col. iii. pi. 102.

fig. 1 (1824) ; id. Tabl. Meth. p. 52 (1838) ; Gratj, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 218, no. 9042 (1870).
Variable Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. Sujrpl. ii. p. 250 (1801).
Sylvia versicolor, Lat/i. Ind. Orn. ii. Sii/tpl. p. 56 (1801).
Cuculus metallicus, Vi^.S; Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 302 (1827).
Chalcites lucidus, Z^iw. Traite,]). lo3 (\6'-U ) ; Bp. Consji. Vol. Zygod.

p. 7 (1854).
Cucidus nitens, Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 151 (1844).
Cucidus versicolor. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4ft3 (1847).
Cucidus chalcites, ///. in Mus. Berol. ; Tcmm. Tabl. Mith. p. 52

(1838).
Chrvsococcvx lucidus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 106 (1850); Horsf. Sr

Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. L Co. ii. p. 706 (1856-.'j8) : Hn^ch, Neii-

Guin. p. 159 (1865) ; Buller, B. A'tw Zealand, p. 77 (1873), 2nd

ed.i. p. 132, pi. 15(1888).
Chrysocuccyx chaluites, Lic-fit. Nomencl. Av. p. 78 (1854).
Lamprococcyx lucidus, Cub. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 14 (1862).

Adult male. Vppcr parts bright metallic green, changing in
certain lights into purplish copper, especially on the crown and
back of the neck ; quills brown, glossed with more fiery copper than
the back ; forehead partially mottled with white ; upper tail-
coverts with white bars on tlie outer web of the outer feathers ;
tail above metallic coppery green, with a dark subterminal spot on
each of the feathers, followed on the inner web by a white spot.

296 cpctJLiD^.

which is absent on the centre pair of feathers ; outer pair of feathers
with broad white ends and four or five partial white bars, the next
pair having two rufous blotches on the inner web ; sides of the
head and neck white, mottled with brown ; throat and entire under
surface of the body white, barred with coppery bronze with green
reflexions; under wing-coverts like the breast; under surface of
the quills dusliy brown, with broad white bases to most of the inner
webs forming a bar across the wing ; under surface of the tail ashy
instead of metallic, with the white and rufous markings much more
sharply defined : iris brown ; bill blue-black ; feet slate-colour.
Total length G-5 inches, culmen 0"6, wing 4, tail 3, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
6'3 inches, culmen 0'6, wing 4-2, tail 3, tarsiis 0"(j.

Hah. Eastern Australia and New Zealand, as well as the Chatham
Islands.

a. Ad. St. ; b. Ad. New Zealand. Sir G. Grey [P.].

sk.

c, d. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Tweeddale Coll.

e,f. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Seebohm Coll.

g, h. S $ ad. sk. New Zealand (F. Struiv/e). Capt. Stokes [P.].

J. cJ ad.sk. Dunedin, New Zealand, Decern- J. "White, Esq. [^P.].

ber.

k, I. Ad. sk. Chatham Island. Colonial Museum,

Wellington [P.].

ni. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll.

n. S ad. sk. Banks' Peninsula, December. Seebohm Coll.

0, p, q. Ad.sk. Cape York {Cockerell &■

Thorpe). Tweeddale Coll.

C. Chalcococcyx poliurus.

Lamprococcvx pceciluroides (^/lec >S(i/i-ad.), Meyer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn.

1886, p. 33.
Lamprococcyx poliurus, Salvad. Grn. Pupuasia, Ajip. p. 49 (1889).

Adult. Above golden green ; forehead varied with white ; sides
of the head and the throat varied with dusky ; fore neck white,
with irregular dusky bands glossed with green ; remainder of under
surface white, with transverse bands of shining green ; under wing-
coverts white with blackish bars : wing beneath with a white patch
at the base of the quills ; tail above glossy green, with a sub-
terminal dark band : beneath grey, the outer feather having on the
basal part of the outer web four white spots, and five on the inner
web alternating with four black spots : the next feather grey
beneath, with the base and end black, and the inner web spotted
with four but slightly conspicuous white spots : the next two pairs
more uniform, but with a white spot at the end of the inner webs :
bill blackish; feet lead-colour. Total length 6"1 inches, culmen 0"6,
wing 4, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*7. {Salraduri.)

Hah. Island of Tai'awai, New Guinea.

11. CHALCOCOCCTX. 297

7. Chalcococcyx plagosus.

Cucuhis jaagosus Lath. Ind. Oni. ii. Suppl. p. 31 (1801) • Vieill

Nouv. TMct. xnu p. 2:^8 (18J7) ; M. Enc. Meth. p. 1*32 (18^3

Gmj/, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 flsJ7). ^ ^ ^^ '

Ctictilus lucidus, 7V;»>«. («ec Gm.), PL Col 10± fio- ] aS-H\

tHiculus clialciles /%, m ;)/,,,. Berol. ; r««„i. A CW. 10^; iio- 2

(1847); "' P- ^^-^(l^^l); fo.„y, 6v«. ^. ii. p. "463

( Juculus metallicu.s, 77r/ 4- Horsf. Tr. Li,w. Soc. xv. p. 302 (1826) •
Grai/, Gen. B. 11. p. 463 (1847) ' ^'o^u; ,

Chrvsu^^ccyx lucidus My^/, /. .4 . ,S'. 5«, ,. xv. p. 54 (1846); id.
Cat B.Mvs A,. Hoc. p. 73 (1840); Gould, B. Austr iv pi 89
centre iig. (1848) ; id. Introdr. B. Austr. p. 67 (ISAS) iichbv£

Cuciilus versicolor, Grmj, Gen. B. ii. p. 463 (1847)

Ghalcites lucidus ^;,. Comp. Vol. Zygod p. 7 (1854); 7V/-. c?- i)e.

l> i.t,. ms, lb,!» p. 181 ; Zcn/ard, Ibis, 1880, pp. 230, 800
CLrysococcyx cbalcites, ZicM. Nonu-ucl. Av. p. 7§ (1854
Lamprococcyx lucidus pt., Cab. 4- Heine, J/ J Hein. iv. p.' 14 (1862)-

-S-oc. tN. 6. If «/P., ui. p. 250, IV. p. 06; Salvad Ibis, 1870, p 3->l
Lamprococcyx p aji^osus, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. 1. 623 (1865 )'•

Cucidus lemmiuckii, G.-«y, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 219, no. 9048 (1870).
Lhalci^s plagosu.s 7^,,«,^y, Tr. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, In. ^ IIQ

i 19?' -;••?• V5-'\^'^'-]' ""• P- -1 (^^«-)' *'W.'7^,>/880,
p. 128 ; Iristr. Ibis, 1882, pp. 1.38, 143. ' '

^cZ«7nH«?, Very similar to C. lucidus, but differs in having the
b 1 shghter ; the crown and back of neck not green, but of a dark
tTree nZ" = the penultimate tail-feather with rather more rufous,
three lufous blotches being generally very distinct. Total lenHh
b-2 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 4, tail l>-9, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male

isla^; ^;^l\'^'^^'^'""?"^^*^'"*^'-^'" New Guinea and the adjacent
islands to the bolomon Archipelao-o.

«, 6, r. Ad. St. Australia. v;;,. r z-..^, ru n

d. Ad. St. Australia. Tvc^.mI ^ ^^■

e. Ad. sk. Australia J .. Gould, Esq.

-j-u.uaim. Linnean SocK'ty.

f \d sk A„,t r ('''-^'P® "^ ^' "'^fcllio's, V. & H.)

J. --iu. sh. Australia. o:_ n n m -\

n AH Jl- J' ^..■'I . ,. Iweeddale Co 1.

J. Ad.sk. South Australia. Uould Coll.

r Ad t v-'^"-*- ^^°"W foil,

r. Ad.sk. Victoria. ScobohmtV.il.

298

CUCULID^.

s, t. Ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. fik.
to-e'. Ad. et

imm. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
ff', Ji . Ad. sk.
i . Ad. sk.
h' , S ad. sk.

I', m . (S 2 ad.

sk.
m'. 2 ad. sk.
o'. c? ad. sk.

^/. c3" ad. sk.

g', ?■'. Ad. sk.

s , t' . Imm. sk.

Queensland.

Clarence River.

Moreton Bay.

Cajie York {Cockerell Hf

Thorpe).
North Australia.
AVestern Australia.
Astrolabe Mts., New Guinea.
Blanche Bay, New Britain,

June {G. E. Richards).
Noumea, New Caledonia, Aug.,

Nov. (E. v. Laijard).
New Ireland, Sept.
Russell Island, Solomons,

Sept. (6-'. E. Richards).
Aola, Guadalcanar, May.

Tasmania.

Tasmania.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Purchased.
Gould Coll.
A. Goldie [C.].
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Rev. G. Brown [C.].
Seebohm Coll.

C. M. Woodford,

[C.].
C. G. II. Lloyd, Esq.

[P.],
W. W. Saunders,

Esq. [P.].

8. Chalcococcyx malayanus.

Cuculus malavaiius, Raffi. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 280 (1822).
Cuculus chalcites [jiec lU.), Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 919 (1842),

xii. p. 944 (184.3) ; S. Midi. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volk.

p. 234, note (1839-44).
Cuculus (Chrysococcyx) lucidus {nee Gm.~}, Blyth, J. A. S. Beny.

xii. p. 944.
Chrvsococcvx basalis, "i Blijth, J. A. S. Beny. xv. p. 54 (1846);

?'Horsf. > Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.L. Co. i'i. p. 707 (1856-58);

Salvad. Ucc. di Borneo, p. 62 (1874) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Sac.

2nd ser. i. Zool. p. 320 (1877) ; id. Ibis, lf<76, p. 416 ; Wardlaw

Ramsay, App. to Ttceedd. Orn. Works, p. 656 (1881).
Chrysococcyx chalcites {nee III.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 73

(1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 106 (1850) ; Sctat. F. Z. S. 1863, p. 209;

ll'all. t. c. p. 484.
Chrysococcyx niinutillus, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 128; id. B. Austr.

Suppl. pL 56 (1859).
Chrysococcyx malayanus, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii.

p. 706 (1856-58)'; Walden, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 945.
Lamprococcvx niinutillus. Cab. l^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 15, note

(1862) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 625 (1865).
Cuculus niinutillus, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 218, no. 0043 (1870).
Lamprococcyx malaynnus, Hume ^- Davisoii, Str. F. vi. p. 503

(1878).
Lamprococcyx basalis, Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 191.

Adult male. Similar to G. lucidus, but smaller, the upper parts
of a much more bronzy shade, the bars on the underparts brownish
bronze with no shade of green ; tail with more rufous, the white
markings on the outer feather partially edged with that colour, the
next pair with three black bars on the inner webs, alternating with
two rufous bars, and the following two pairs having a portion of

11. CHALCOCOCCYX. 299

their inner webs rufous : ''bill blackish; iris burnt-sienna colour;
orbital ring fine vermilion ; feet very dark lead-grey " {A. H.
Everett). Total length 5"8 inches, cidmen 0"55, wing 3*7, tail 2*7,
tarsus 0"6.

Hah. Malayan Peninsula, Java, Philijipine Islands, Borneo,
Flores, ranging to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

a, h. Ad. et imm. Klang, Selangore, July, Sept. Hume Coll.
sk. ( W. Davison).

c. Ad. sk. Malacca {Dr. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.

d. c? ad. sk. Malacca, August IG {H. G. Tweeddale Coll.

W. li.).

e. Ad. sk. Malacca (A. H. Wallace). Gould Coll.
/, y. Ad. sk. Malacca, March 9 (7f' Z>«tj- Hume Coll.

son).
h. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Sir Hugh How [C.].

i. Ad. sk. Lumbidan, Borneo. Governor Ussher

:C.].
k. Juv. sk. Banjarmassing (J. Motley). Wallace Coll.

/ cJad.sk. Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.].

m, n, V. (S ad. sk. Zamboanga, Mindanao, April, Tweeddale Coll.

May {A. Everett),
p. Ad. sk. Hores. Wallace Coll.

q. 2 juv. sk. East Timor. Wallace CoU.

r. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Gould Coll.

(Type of C. ini7iutilhts.)

9. Chalcococcyx pcecilnrus.

Cuculus lucidus (?iec Gm.), S. Miill. Vcrh. Xat. Gesch. Land- en

Volke7ik. pp. 21 & 2.34, note 6 (pt., ex New Guinea) (1839-44) ;

ScM. Mils. I'ayS'Bas, Cuculi, p. 34 (1864, \t.).
Chryst coccyx lucidus, pt., Macyill. T'oy. ' liattlesnake,' ii. p. 357

(1852); 6'claf. 'J'rans. Linn. >i'oc. 1857, pp. 126, 127; id. Journ.

Linn. Sac. ii. p. U;(j (1858); Gray, P. Z. iS. Ib58, p. 195 ; id. Cat.

B. New Gtiin. pp. 44, GO (1859); Bosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.

Ind. sxv. p. 2.30 (New Guinea) (1663); id. J.f. O. 18G4, p. 117

(pt.) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865).
CLrysococcyx poecilurus, Gray, F. Z. S. 1861, pp. 431, 437; Finsch,

Neu- Guin. p. 159 (18G5).
Lamprococcyx poecilurus, Cah. Sf Heine, Mit^. Hein. iv. p. 15, note

(1862); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1878, p. 459; id. Orn.

Papuasia, p. 350 (1880) ; Meyer, Sitz. Alhandl. Ges. Isis, p. 17

(1884) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, App. i. p. 50 (1889).
Chrysoccocyx russata, Gould, P. Z. &. 1868, p. 76.
Cuculus poecilurus, Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 219, no. 9044 (1870).
Cuculus russatus. Gray, t. c. p. 219, no. 9047.
Lamprococcyx lucidus, Salvad. .^- d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875,

p. 813 ; Salvad. Ann. Mtts. Civ. Gen. 1876, p. 17 (part) ; Sharps,

Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 310 (1877).
Chalcites minutillus (wee Gould), Bamsai/, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,

ii. p. 170 (1877).
Lamprococcvx minutillus (nee Gould), Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. iV. S.

Wales, 1878, p. 255, 1879, p. 96; Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 320;

Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. GOO.
Chalcites poecilurus, Bamsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 15 (1888).
Chalcites russatus, Bamsay, t. c. p. 15.

300 crcPLiDJi.

Adult male. Similar to 0. malayanus, but differing in having no
white on the forehead ; a partial narrow rufous edging to the
secondaries, the outer tail-coverts partially barred with rufous and
white ; the edges of the tail-feathers washed with rufous above :
"bill black, iris chestnut, feet grey" {V Albert is). Total length 5-8
inches, culmen Ooo, wing 3"7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-6.

Immature. Upper parts similar to the adult, but duller ; chin and
throat and front of breast ashy white : breast white, with a few
dark bars ; under wing-coverts white, without bars ; pale portion of
quills white, only partially washed with rufous.

A comparison of the series of C. malayanus and C. pceciluriis in
the British Museum leads to the belief that they are merely the
western and eastern races of one species with intermediate links.
As in all these allied forms the young birds have the under wing-
coverts white without bars, there remains some doubt as to whether
C. xxjecilurokles and G. misorensis, both of which are founded upon
immature specimens, really differ from C. pceciluras. C. pcecilurus
often shows a good deal of rufous on the throat, so that C. rujicollis
maj- be only an abnormal specimen.

As I have here reviewed many of Count Salvadori's species, M'hich
have unfortunately been based upon single specimens, I may here
mention that his C. poliurus, the tj^pe of which I have not seen,
appears to be exactly intermediate between the two extremely
closely allied species ('. lucidus and C. playosus, tending to show
that C. lucidus is only a New-Zealand race of C. plagosns.

Hah. Northern Australia, New Guinea, Amboina, Mysol, Goram.

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll.

(Types of C. rmsata, Gould.)
Cape York (J. T. Cuckcrell). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Cape York. Seehohm Coll.

Aleya, S.E. New Guinea, Gould Coll.

April {Dr. James).
Port Moresbv, New Guinea. Seebohm Coll.

Mysol. ■ Wallace Coll.

(Type of species.)

10. Chalcococcyx ruflcollis.

Laraprococcvx ruficollis, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. 187o, p. 913,
1878, p. 4(30 ; id. Orn. Fapuasia, i. p. 3-33 (1880).

Adult (type of species). Very similar to C. pcecilurus, but differs
in having the lores, cheeks, chin, and entire throat bright rufous,
with greenish-brown bars on the lower throat ; the outer tail-
feather on each side having the pale bars entirely rufous with no
white spots. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0'5o, wing 3-7, tail
2-7, tarsus O'o. (Mus. Genov.)

Hah. The Arfak Mountains in N.W. New Guiuea.

d,
/•
9-

e. Imm. sk
Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

h.
i.

Ad. sk.
2 ad. sk.

I

11. CHALCOCOCCYX. 3Q2

1 1 . Chalcococcyx poeciluroides.

Lamprococcy.x sp., Sahad. Atfi R. Ace. Tor. xiii. p. 317 n878^
Lamprococcyx poeciluroides, Scdvad. Ann. Mu-s. Civ. Gen. 1878
p. 4(j0 : id. Oni. I'apuasia, i. p. 353 (1880). '

Adult (type of species). Very similar to C.poecilurm, but differing

L h ? . '"'°"'' i ^^' '™^" ^""S ^"g^t^^ ^^d greener, and
Innv T ^'"° '* " bnghter and more fiery colour; beneath the
metallic bars less numerous ; under wing-coverts buffv white,
without bars ; white on the tail conned to a spot on each of tho
two basal pale bars of out«r tail-feather. Total length 5-2 inches
culmen O-oo, wing 3-3, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-6. (Mas. (^nov.{ '

nafj. Aew (juinea.

1 2. Chalcococcyx misorensis.

Lamprococc^x mi.onensis^ Salvad. Ann. Mm. Cir. Gen. 1875, p. 914
lb, t<, p. 4b ) ; id. Orn. Pcqmasia, i. p. .354 (1880).

Adult (type of species). Very similar to C. poecilurm, but
difiering m having the bill slightly wider at the base; the upper
parts slightly greener; under wing-coverts uniform white without
bars as in 6. pceciluroidcs : tail beneath nearly uniform brown
partially washed with rufous and vnih a partial dark subtermiual
bar. Total length o-6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-5, tail 2-6
tarsus 0-(J. [Mus. Genov.) ° ' ^'''^ - «,

Hah. Misori Island in the Bay of Geelvink.

13. Chalcococcyx crassirostris.
Chrysococcvx lucidus part S Mull. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en

lolkenk. p. 1)34, note 6 (Amboyna, 1839-44).
CucLiIus palliolatus, Schkg. {nee Lath.), Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p 34

(Amboyna, 1864). j y- •^•*

Lamprococcyx crassirostris, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p 460

(18/8), xiv. p. 642 (1879) ; /,/. Orn. Papuasia, p. 355 (1880)!^
• ,Va"i"^ crassirostris, Brikjy. Abhamll. nat. T'er. Brem. v. p. 59

Adult (type of species). Crown huffish brown, passing into metallic
green on the nape, back of neck, and back ; the interscapular re-ions
mottled with deep bluish green; the lower back mottled with
rutous bull; lesser wing-coverts golden green; remainder of the
coverts rufous buff, mottled on the median series with metallic
green, forming bars on one of the centre feathers, which has a
whit^e instead of a buff ground ; quill dark brown, with pale ed-es •
tail brown strongly washed with metaUic green, and with a dark
subterminal bar and a white terminal spot on the inner webs of all
but the centre pair of feathers; outer feather white, with three
broad blackish bars, the next somewhat similarly marked, but with
the black portions much larger, the next two on each side with a
portion of their inner webs rufous ; sides of the forehead white •

302 crctJLiT)^.

ear-coverts pale brown, remainder of the sides of the head white
like the entire underparts ; sides of the lower throat and the sides
of chest with rather obscure triangular duskj^ spots indicating bars
and assviming the form of bars on the flanks aUd thigh-coverts ; under
tail-coverts white, with an occasional dusky shaft-spot ; under wing-
coverts white, slightly washed with rufous, and with a dusky patch
next to the quills ; quills pale brown, with a large white basal
portion to the inner webs ; bill black, legs leaden. Total length
5'75 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3"7, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-6.

Huh. Goram, Amboina, Halmahera, Ternate, Ke Islands, and
New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Ilalinahera. Tweeddde Coll.

12. COCCYZUS.

Type.

Coccyzus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 28 (1810) C americanus.

Coccygus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 977 C. americanus.

Coccygon, Gloff. in Froriep's Nutizen, xvi. p. 277 (1827) C. americanus.

Coccysus, Sai'i, Orn. Toscana. i. p. 1.5.3 (1827) C. americanus.

Cureus, Boie, Isis, 18-31, p. 541 C. americanus.

Ei'ythrophrj'S, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 322 (1837) .... C. americanus.

Coccyguis, Nifzsch, Ptert/lor/r. p. 130 (1840) C. americanus.

Nesococcy.x, Cah. ^ Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 79, note

(1862) C. ferrugineus.

Range. North America from about 49° N. lat., and South
America, with the exception of the extreme south.

Key to the Sjiecies.
a. Tail fan-shaped.

a'. Crown grey; back rufous.

a". Darker, entire underparts tawny lanshergi, p. 30.3.

h" . Paler, underparts pale buff ferrugineus, p. 303.

b' . Back not rufous ; crown nearly similar in
colour to the back.
c". Wliite ends to the tail-feathers broader,
and with no subterminal black bars.
a"'. Quills brown; upper half of the
head greyer ; a broad black band
through the eye; breast shaded
with buff.
a'. Basal half of the lower mandible
orange-yellow.
a*. Bill smaller and slighter, culmen
less than 1'2 inches. Under-
parts paler.
«". Bill stouter. Underparts

darker minor, p. 304.

6". Bill sUghter. Underparts paler, maynardi, p. 306.
&'. Bill larger and stouter, cidmen
r3 inches. Underparts rufous
buff dominic(s, p. 306.

12. C0CCIZU3. 303

b*. Bill entirely black melanocoryphus, p. 307.

b'". Quills rufous; upperbalf of headnot

greyer than the back ; no black

band on sides of head ; breast white.

c*. Smaller: bill shorter and more

slender amerieanus, p. 308.

d*. Larger : bill longer and stouter . . occidentalis, p. 311.
d". White ends to tail-feathers narrower
and preceded by a subterminal black

band erythrophthalmus, p. 311 .

b. Tail square, with rather narrow white ends.

c'. Throat ashy white dnereus, p. 312.

d'. Throat rufous pumilus, p. 313.

1. Coccyzus lansbergi.

Coccyzus lansbergi, £p. Cotisp. Av. i. p. 112 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. S.
1855, p. 163 ; Cab. 4* -Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 79, note ; Schl.
Mus. Fays-Bos, Cuculi, p. 39 (1864) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 122,
1870, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 210, no. 8919 (1870) ; Scl. ^
Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1873).

Adult. Upper half and sides of the head and back of neck uni-
form leaden grey, sharply contrasting with the back and wings,
which are rufous, brightest on the outer portion of the wings,
the quills shading into brown towards their ends ; tail black,
with a brown shade towards the base and with broad white
ends to all but the centre feathers, which latter are only narrowly
tipped with white ; under surface nearly uniform tawny buff ; under
wing-coverts and basal margins of the inner webs of the quills
rufous bufl'; bill black. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1, wing
4-6, tail 5-8, tarsus 1.

Hah. From Panama to Colombia and Venezuela.

a. (S ad. sk. Santa Martha, New Granada. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence). Sclater Coll.

2. Coccyzus ferrugineus.

Coccyzus ferrugineus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 105 ; id. Zool. Voy.

'Sulphur; p. 40, pi. 29 (1844); Bp. C'oiisp. i. p. 97, note (1850) ;

Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 167; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 211, no. 8935

(1870).
Piaya ferruginea. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846).
Nesococcy.x ferrugineus, Cab. <§• Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 79 (1862).

Adult (type of species). Upper half of the head leaden grey;
back, wings, and centre tail-feathers bright rufous ; remainder of
the tail-feathers brownish black with white ends, the white increas-
ing in extent over the outer feathers ; under surface of body buff ;
under wing-coverts of the same colour ; quills rufous, shading into
buff at their bases and into brown at the ends : " bill dark horn-
colour, with the basal half of the lower mandible yellowish ; legs
black" (Gould). Total length 11 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 5-1,
tail 6-2, tarsus 1-2.

304 CTTCULID^.

Hah. Confined to the Cocos Island in the Pacific Ocean west of
Colomhia.

a. Ad. sk. Cocos Island, X. Pacific. Voy. H.M.S. ' Sulphur.'

(Type of species.)

3. Coccyzus minor. (Plate XII. fig. 2.)

Coucou des Paletuviers de Cayenne, Buff. PI. Enl. p. 81.3.

Cuculus minor, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 411 (1788) ; Wald. Ibis, 1879,

p. 336.
Cuculus seniculus, Zath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 219 (1790).
Coucou, Azara, Apunt. Nat. Hist. Pax. ii. p. 267 (1805) ; Hartl.

Syst. Ind. Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Coccyzus seniculus, VieiU. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1346 (1825); Neuiined,

Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iv. p. 348 (1832) ; Nutt. Man. Orn. i. p. 558

(1832) ; Atidub. Orn. Biogr. ii. p. 390 (1834) ; id. B. Am. iv.

p. 303, pi. 277 (1839) ; Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 281 (1847) ; Peak,

U. S. E.ipl. E.vped. p. 134 (1848) ; Lemheye, Av. Cuba, p. 74

(1850) ; £p. Consp. i. p. Ill (1850); Bimn. Syst. Tli. Bras. ii.

p. 267 (1855) ; SalU, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 234; A. &r E. Neu-toti, Ibis,

1859, p. 150; Btmn. Reis. La-Plata St. ii. p. 267(1861); Sd.

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79 ; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 323 (1862) ; Cab. ^- Seine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 78, note (1862); Schl. Mm. Pays-Bn-s, Cuculi,

p. 38 (1864) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 170; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 273

(1871) ; Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 190 (1872) ; Nutting, Pr. U. S.

Nat. Mus. V. p. 401 (1882), vi. p. 376 (1883), vii. p. 388 (1884) ;

Coues, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 476 (1884).
Piava minor, Less. Traiti, p. 141 (1831) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,

Cuculi, p. 69 (1864).
Ervthrophrya seniculus, Bp. Cotnp. List B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 40

(18.38).
Coccvzus minor, Grarf, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846) ; Cab. J.f. O. 1856,

p. 104 ; Cass. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1858, p. 247 ; Baird, B. N. Am.

p. 78 (1860) ; Leotaud, Ois. Trinid. p. 353 (1866) ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 210, no. 8917 (1870) ; Set. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 166, 1871,

p. 273 ; Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 651 ; Baird, Breiver, ^ Ridgw.

Hist. N. Am. B. ii. p. 482 (1874) ; Scl. ^ Salv. Notnencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 108 (1873) ; Lau-r. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. pp. 62, 193,

240, 272, 278, 359, 459, 487 (1878) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 ;

*Sc/. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 765 ; Coiy, B. Bahamas, p. 117 (1880) ; Allen,

Bidl. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 164 (1880) ; Cory, op. cit. vi. p. 154

(1881) : Mai/nard, B. East. N. Am. p. 216 ("l881) ; Ridgio. Pr.

U. S. Nat. Mus. vii. p. 172 (1884) ; Cort/, B. Haiti, p. 101 (1885) ;

A.O. U. Check-list, p. 207 (1886); Wells, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

ix. p. 620 (1887) ; Ridgio. Man. N. Am. B. p. 274 (1887) ; Cory,

Auk, V. p. 180 (1881) ; Scott, Auk, vi. pp. 185, 250 (1889) ; Salv.

Ibis, 1889, p. 373, 1890, p. 88 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1889, pp. 326, 395;

Cory, B. TV. Ind. p. 160 (1889).
Coccyzus helviventris, Cab. in Schomb. Reise Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 714

(1848).
Coccyzus dominicus (nee L.), Bp. Consp. p. 112(1850); Scl. Cat.

Am. B. p. 323 (1862).
Coccyzus nesiotes, Cab. Mus. Hein, iv. p. 78, note (1862) ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1864, p. 121 ; E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1804, p. 170 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 210, no. 8918 (1870).
Coccystes seniculus, Sundev. CE/v. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1869, p. 599.

12. coccrzrs.

305

Adult. Upper half of the head leaden grey, with a broad blackish
band through the eye extending from the nostril to over the ear-
coverts ; the grey of the crown passing gradually into brown on the
remainder of the upper parts and slightly glossed with olive on the
centre tail-feathers, remainder of the tail -feathers dusky black with
broad white ends ; under surface of body buiF ; under wing-coverts
and basal margins to the quills buff; remainder of the quills brown :
" bill black, with more than half of the lower mandible yellow ; iris
hazel; legs greyish blue" {G. I. Gaumer). Total length 12-3
inches, culmen 1-1, wing 5, tail (J-7, tarsus 1*1.

Hah. Coast of Louisiana, throughout Central America and the
Antilles, ranging from Mexico, to Panama and Colombia, Venezuela,
Guiana, down to the Lower Amazons.

a. 2 ad. sk. Tampico, Mexico, Feb. ( W. B.

Richardson).

b. $ ad. sk. Dos Arroyos (1000 ft.), State

of Guerrero, Sept. {Mrs. H.
H. Smith).

c. $ ad. sk. Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec, Jan.

(F. Sumichrast).

d. e. Ad. sk. Temax, Yucatan (G. F. Gau-
mer).

Cozumel Island (G.i^. Gaumer').
Buctzotz, April \G. F. Gaumer).
Ruatan Island {G. F. Gaumer).
Puerto Cabello, Honduras {G.

M. Whiteley).
Chiriqui, A eragua.

^'

g. Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

t,

k, I. Ad. sk.

m

. Ad. sk.

n.

Ad. sk.

0.

Ad. sk.

Ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

/•.

Ad. sk.

8.
t.

c? ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

u.

$ ad. sk.

V,

%c, .r. Ad. sk.

y-

$ ad. sk.
Ad. sk.

a

, b'. (^ ad. sk.

c.

, d'. Ad. sk.

e'.

. 2 ad. sk.

f
h'

', ff'. Ad. sk.
, f. Ad. sk.

k

-o'. Ad. sk.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvm-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-CTodman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvia-Godman CoU.

&

Bogota.

British Guiana.

South America.

Trinidad.

Grenada, W. I. (F. A. Ober).

St. Vincent {F. A. Ober).

Santa Lucia^ AprU (Ramage).

Santa Lucia (Seynper).
Martinique {F. A. Ober).
Montserrat {Sturge).
Virgin Gorda, Nov., Dec. (C.

£. Cory).
Porto Eico {Dr. Bryant).
Puerta Plata, Sau Domingo,

Nov. {C. B. Cory).
San Domingo.
Jamaica, Feb.
Jamaica.

Captains KeUett

Wood [P.].
Purcha.sed.
Seebobm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Zoological Society.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Sclater Coll.
West Indian

mittee.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Com-

Purchased.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Philip Gosse, Esq.
[C,l.

p. Sternum. Jamaica. Philip Gosse, Esq.

[CJ.

I have recognized two closely allied subspecies, as they each
present slight but constant characters, and aU three forms of

VOL. XIX. X

306 CVCTJUDM.

C. minor possess a distinct geographical range. They are : C.
maynardi, separated by Mr. Ridgway from C. minor oa account
of its small size, especially the bill, and paler underparts ; and
C. dominicce, only known to me by three specimens in the British
Museum, labelled Dominica. The latter form differs from C. minor
in being more robust, with the bill much stronger, the colours richer,
and the underparts rufous buff.

Subsp. a. Coccyzus maynardi. (Plate XII. fig. 3.)

P Coccyzus sp. ?, Dwight, Auk, iv. p. 16 (1887).

Coccyzus maynardi, Ridgio. Man. N. Am. B. p. 274 (1887) ; Cory,

Auk, V. p. 169 (1888) ; Chapman, t. c. p. 396.
Coccyzus minor maynardi, Scott, Auk, vi. p. 250 (1889).

Adult. " Smaller, and with lower parts much paler in colour ;
posterior lower parts buff (sometimes quite pale and never approach-
ing the deep ochraceous tint of C. minor); anterior lower parts (chin,
throat, and chest) pale ashy or greyish white, paler anterwrly, the
throat usually more or less tinted with buff : length 11-75-12-25,
wing 5-05-5-35 (5-23), tail 6-25-6-90 (6-65), exposed culmen 0-98
-1-15 (1-06), depth of bill near base 0-33-0-40 (0-36)." {Ridgway.)

Hah. Bahama and Florida Keys, Jamaica and San Domingo.

a. cJad. sk. Key West, Florida, May (^i^iws). Salvin-Godman CoU

i.Ad. sk. Tampa, Florida (^fewari). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad', sk. Bahamas (Blake). Sclater Coll.

d. Ad. sk. San Domingo (Salle). Sclater Coll.

e. 2 sid. sk. Westmoreland, Jamaica, Aug. Sclater Coll.

(Osburn).

Subsp. b. Coccyzus dominicse. (Plate XII. fig. 1.)

Adidt male. Similar to C. minor, but more robust, the bill much
stronger, and the colouring brighter ; a broad black end to the centre
tail-feathers, and the dark portions of the others jet-black ; throat,
breast, and under tail-coverts uniform rufous buff, with no shade of
grey on the sides of the throat. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen
1-3, wing 5-7, tail 7-1, tarsus 1-15.

Adult femaU. Underparts slightly paler and with a trace of grey
on the sides of the throat. Total length 12-6 inches, culmen 1*3,
wing 5-5, tail 6-8, tarsus 1-15.

A third specimen labelled " male " is similar to the female. Total
length 12-5 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 5'4, tail 6-8, tarsus 1-15

Hah. The islands of Dominica and Porto Itico.

a b. (S ad. ; c. $ Dominica, Jan., Feb. (Ramage). West Indian Com-

ad. sk. mittee.

d. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Dr. Bryant.) Salvin-Godman c;;oll.

12, coccTzus. 307

4. Coccyzus melanocoryplms.

Ceniciento, Azam, Apunt. ii. p. 308 (1805) : Hartl. Si/st. Lid. Azara,
p. 17 (1847).

Coccyzus luelaiiocoryphus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. iVHist. Nat. viii. p. 271
(1817) ; id. Enc Metli. iii. p. 1344 (1825) ; 8cl. Cat. Am. B. p. 323
(18G2) ; Cah. c^- minv, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 77, note (18G2) ; 8chL
Mus. Pays-Has, Cuculi, p. 38 (18G4) ; Sol. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 122,
18GG, p. 100 ; id. .$• Sah. t. c. p. 105, 1867, pp. 752, 979, 1809,
p. G33; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 168; Grai/, Hmid-l. B. ii. p. 210,
uo. 8916 (1870) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 273 (1871) ; Scl. ^- Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1873) ; Barrows, Aid; i. p. 28 (1884);
Tacz. Orn. Pcrou, iii. p. 189 (1880) ; Willimjton, Ibis, 1888, p. 468;
Scl. S,- Hudson, Arc/ent. Orn. ii. p. 38 (1889).

Cuculus seuiculus (nee Lath.), Nemuied, Beitr. Nature/. Bras. iv.
p. 348 (1830).

Cuculus melauorhynchus, Cuv. Mus. Paris.

Piaya melauorhynchus, Less. Traite, p. 141 (1831).

Piava nielacorypha, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846) ; Leotaud, Ois.
Trinid. p. 349 (1860).

Coccyzus minor {nee Gm.), Hartl. Lid. Azara, p. 19 (1847).

Coccyzus cinereus {nee V.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 112 (1850\

Coccyzus melauocoryphos, Puehcr. Rev. et May. Zool. 1852, p. 476.

Coccyzus surniculus, Burm, Si/st. Vehers. Tli. Bras. ii. p. 267 (1855) ;
id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 244 ; id. Reis. La-Plata, ii. p. 444 (18G1).

Adult male. Very similar to C. minor, but with the bill entirely
black and the black band through the eye not so sharply defined ;
iris grey ; feet lead-colour. Total length 10-8 inches, culmen 1,
wing 4-7, tail 6, tarsus 1.

The centre tail-feathers have often, but not generally, dark ends.
Occasionally specimeus have a yellowish patch at the base of the
lower manclible. A sign of immaturity is seen in the narrow rufous
edges to tlie quills and upper tail-coverts and the brown mottling
of the grey crown.

Hah. From Southern Brazil and Argentina, west to Peru and
north to Guiana and the island of Trinidad.

a. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.

b. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Sept. (H. Salvin-Godman Coll,

Whitely).

c. 2 ad. sk. R. Yuruani, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.

June {H. Whitely).

d. S ad.sk. Caracas, Yenezuela(^4.Go«-/?i^). Salvin-Godman CoU.
e,f. Ad. sk. Ecuador {C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, E, Peru. E. Bartlett, Esq. [C.].
/*, i. S ad. ; k, I. Upper Ucayali, June, Julv (L. Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk. Bartlett).

m. Ad. sk. Lima (Nation). Sclater Coll.

n, 0. (S 2 fid. sk. Pebas, E. Peru, July (/. Hau.r- Salvin-Godman Coll.

well).

p-u. (S 2 ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru, May, June, July, Seebohni Coll.

Aug., Oct. {H. Whitely).

V, w, .r. Ad. sk. Brazil. Seebohm ColL

y. Ad. sk. Pernambuco (CVrti-e«)- Sclater CoU.

x2

308 CUCTTLID^.

s, d . Ad. sk. Baliia, Brazil (Dr. Wtioherer). Salviii- Grodoian OoU.

b'. Ad. sk. Eio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.

c'. Ad. sk. Bolivia, April (If. H. Smith). Salviii-Godman Coll.

d', e'. (5 ad. ; /'. Coucbitas, Bueaos Ayres, Nov., Sclater Coll.

2 ad. sk. Dec. ( W. H. Hudson).

(J. $ ad.sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres, Marcli. H. Durnford, Esq.

[C.].
h! . Ad, sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres, Nov. H. Durnford, Esq.

[C.].

5. Coccyzus americanus.

Coucou de S. Domingue, Bn&&. Orn. iv. p. 110, pi. 9. fig. 2 (1760).
Coucou de la Caroline, Brisi. t. c. p. 112 ; Daubcnt. PL Enl. vi. pi. 810.
Cuculus americanus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 ; Temvi. Tabl. Meth.
p. 52 (1838) ; Wald. Ibis, 1869, p. 335 ; Harting, Handb. Brit. B.
p. 124 (1872).
Cuculus dominicus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766)'; Wald. Ibis,

18G9, p. 335.
Cuculus carolinensis, Wils. Am. Orn. iv. p. 13, pi. 28. fig. 1 (1811) ;

Gould, B. Bur. pi. 242 (1837).
Coccyzus pyrrhopterus, Vieill. Noiiv. Diet. Hist. Nat. viii. p. 270

(1817) ; id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1343 (1825).
Coccyzus americanus, Bp. Journ. Aead. Nat. Sc. Philad. iii. pt. 2,
p. 267 (1824) ; Audubon, Orn. Bioyr. i. p. 18 (1831); Nutt. Man.
i. p. 551 (1832) ; Jard. ed. Wilson, Arn.Orn. p. 1, pi. 28. fig. 1 (1832) ;
Thomps. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 84 ; Gould, B. Eur. iii. pi. 242 (1837) ;
Audubon, B. Am. iv. pi. 275 (1830) ; Yarr. Hist. Brit. B. (2) ii.
p. 204 (1845); Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 279 (1847) ; Audubon, Orn.
Biogr. v. p. 52 (1849) ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, i. p. 365
(1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. Ill (1850) ; Macyill. Hist. Brit. B. iii.
p. 137 (1850) ; Yarr. Hist. Brit. B. (3) ii. p. 209 (1856) ; A. ^ E.
Neivt. Ibis, 1859, p. 149 ; Jones, Nat. Hist. Bermuda, pp. 33, 68
(1859) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 76 (1800) ; Scl 8,- Salt: Ibis, 1860,
p. 43; G. C. Taylor, t. c. p. 118 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 252 ; id.

Cat. Am. B. p. 322 (1862) ; Cab. 4" Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 75

(1862) ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 167 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1804, pp. 120, 177,
366 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bus, CucuU, p. 37 (1864) ; Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 467 ; Ldotaud, Ois. Trinid. p. 350 (1866) ; Baird, Ibis,

1867, pp. 285, 288 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 105 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 210, no. 8914 ; Cooper, Orn. Calif, p. 371 ri870) ; Dresser,

P. Z. S. 1871, p. 299; Scl. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 496 ; Coues, Key N.

Am. B. p. 190 (1872) ; Scl. ^ Salv. Nomencl. At: Neotr. p. 108

(1873) ; Baird, Brewer, ^- Ridgw. Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. p. 477

(1874) ; Coues, B. North- West, p. 275 (1874) ; Scl. iS,- Salv. P. Z. S.

1875, p. 237 ; Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 227, pi. 301. fig. 2 (1876) ;

Allen, Bidl. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. p. 110 (1877); Ridgw. Bull. Nutt.

Orn. Club, iii. p. 165 (1878) ; Scl. S,- Sak. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 537 ;

Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 1.50 (1879) ; Broion, Bull. Nutt.

Orn. Club, iv. p. 11 (1879) ; Scott, t. c. p. 146 ; Loojnis, t. c. p. 210 ;

Dalgleish, Btdl. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 73 (1880) ; Maynard, B.

East. N. Am. p. 210 (1881) ; Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi.

p. 232 (1881) ; Cory, B. Bahama, p. 117 (1881) ; Ridgw. Btill.

Nutt. Orn. Club, vii." p. 17 (1882) ; Widman, t. c. p. 56; Hay, t.c.

p. 93 ; Beckham, t. c. p. 164 ; Nehrlimj, t. c. p. 178 ; B. O. U.

List Brit. B. p. 84 (1883) ; Breu-ster, Bull Nutt. Orn. Club, viii.

p. 26 (1883) ; Bailey, t. c. p. 40 ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 390,

12, coccYztrs. 309

pi. G8 (1883) ; Coue.<, Kei/ X. Am. B. p. 470 (1884) ; Dreio, Auk,

ii. p. 17 (188.">) ; Agershonj, t. c. p. 283 ; Timier, Pr. U. S. Nat.

3fus. viii. p. 242 (1885); liidi/iv. Pr. U. 8. Nut. Mils. ix. p. 1G2

(1886); A. O. U. Clwck-li.st,' •^. 208 (1886); GirjUoli, Av. Ital.

p. 211 (1886); Breivsfer, Auk, iii. p. 104 (1886) ; Salmd. Elenc.

Ucc. Ital. p. 73 (1887) ; liklgto. Man. N. Am. B. p. 273 (1887) ;

Davison, Auk, v. p. 263 (1888) ; Williwjton, Ibis, 1888, p. 468 ;

Warren, B. Pennsyl. p. 119 (1888); Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 372;

Feilden, t. c. p. 486 ; Everm. Auk, vi. p. 22 (1889) ; Jeferies, t. c.

p. 120; Scott, t.c. p. 2o0; Pindar, t. c. p. 313; Sell i!) Hudson,

Arr/mt. Orn. ii. p. 37 (1889).
Ciiculus cinerosus, Werner, Atlas, Zygod. pi. 4 (1827).
Piaya americana, Less. Traite, p. 142 (1831).
Cureus americanus, Boie, Ms, 1831, p. 541, 1832, p. 991, pi. 26;

Bi^. Cat. Ucc. Eur. p. .50 (1842).
Cuculus ciuerosus, Temm. Man. Orn. iii. p. 277 (1835).
Erythroplirj's carolineiisis. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 322 (1837).
Erythroplirys americanus, Pp. Comj}. List B. Eur. Sf N. Am. p. 40

(1838).
Coccystes americanus. Keys. ^- Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 34 (1840).
Coccyzus carolinensis, D'Orb. in Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois. p. 150

(1840).
Piaya dominica. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846).
Coccyzus dominicus, Bj). Consp. I p. 112 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. 8. 1857,

p. 234 ; Baird, Pr. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 64 ; March, t. c. p. 154.
Coccyzus flavirostris, Gloy. J. f. O. 1854, p. 223, note.
Coccvstes julieni. Later. Ann. Li/c. N. Y. viii. p. 42 (1864).
Coccyzus bairdi, Sd. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 120 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 211, no. 8923 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 273 (1871); Scl.

P. Z. S. 1872, p. 496.
Coccyzus julieni, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 211, no. 8924 (1876).
Coccyzus euleri. Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 73.

Adult. Above brown, slightly glossed with olive on the mantle
and centre tail-feathers ; remainder of the tail dusky black with
broad white ends ; quills rufous, browner on their outer webs, and
with broadish brown terminal portion ; sides of the forehead and
eyebrows slightly washed with grey ; ear-coverts generally rather
darker brown than the crown ; checks and entire iinderparts white;
under wing-coverts Avhite, very slightly tinted with buff ; under
surface of the quills as above, only paler, especially towards tho
coverts : upper mandible dark horn, pale below the nostrils, lower
mandible orange-yellow with a dark tip ; iris dark brown ; legs
leaden grey- Total length 11 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*5, tail 6,
tarsus 1.

Hah. The greater part of temperate North America, Central
America, and the Antilles, ranging as far south as the Argentine
llepublie. Found as a straggler in Europe.

a. S ad. siv. Kenwood, 111., Aug. (II. K. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Coale). [P.].

h. Ad. sk. Euglewood, III, Sept. {E. W. Hensbaw Coll.

Nelson). [F^.-G.l.

9 iid. sk. Locust Grove, N. Y., Julv( C. L. Henshaw Coll.

" ■ • [S.-G.].

310

d, e, 5 ad. sk.

/, ff. c? ad. ; h, i, k.

5 ad. sk.
I, m. d ad. ; n-q.

2 ad. sk.
r, s. Ad. sk.

t-.r. c? ad. ; »/. 5
ad. .sk.

z. Ad. sk.
«'. c? ad. sk.

b'. (S ad. .sk.

c', d'. 2 ad. sk.

e'. c? ad. sk.

/', (J, h'. c? ad. sk.

i'. Ad. sk.
A'. Ad. sk.

I', m'. S ? ad. sk.

n', o' . c? ad. sk.

^y. c? ad. sk.

q. S ad. sk.

>•'. Ad. sk.
s'. 2 ad. sk.

t'-w' . Ad. sk.

x' . Ad. sk.

?/', s', «". Ad. sk.

7/'. Ad. sk.

c '. 2 ad. sk.
d". Ad. sk.
«". Ad. sk.
f", ff". Ad. sk.
h". 2 ad. sk.
i". S ad. ; A;", I".

2 ad. sk.
m",n",o". Ad.sk
//'. Ad. sk.
q". Ad. sk.
»•". Ad. .sk.
s". Sternum.

Massachusetts, May, June.

New Haven, Connecticut, May

(A. J, Day an).
Washington, D.C., May, July-
Sept.
District of Columbia, Aug. {E.

Coues).
Tarpon Springs, Florida, April,

May, Sept., Oct. {W. E. D.

Scott).
Louisiana.
Camp Lowell, Arizona, Aug.

{F. Stephens).
Moctezuma, State of Sonora,

Aug. {Ferrari-Perez).
Hidalgo, Texas, April (F. B.

Armstrong).
Brownsville, Texas, May (F. B.

Armstrong).
Nuevo Leon, May {F. B.

Armstrong),
City of Mexico ( White).
Tampico, Mexico, June ( W. B.

jRichardson).
Xicotencla, Tamaulipas, May

( W. B. Richardson).
Calvillo, Aguas Calientes, Aug.

( W. B. Richardson).
Las Vigas, Canton de Jalapa,

Aug. (Ferrari-Perez).
Plan del Rio, Canton de Jalapa,

Aug. (Ferrari-Perez).
Jalapa (de Oca).
La Antigua, Vera Cruz, Sept.

(M. Trujilh).
Cozumel Island, April (G. F,

Gaitmer).
Ruatau Island (6r. F. Gaumer).
.lamaica (March).
Jamaica.

St. Croix, June {A. NeiotoJi).

Trinidad.

Central America.

Duefias, Guatemala, Sept.(0. S.).

Panama (J. McLeannan).

Medelliu, Antioquia (T. K.

Salmon).
Bogota.

Intac, Ecuador (C. Buckley).
Bahia, Brazil.

Buenos Ayres ( W. II. Hudson).
Jamaica.

Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S-CI.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seehohm CoU.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Col).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

(Type of C. bairdi.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Zoological Society.
Riocour Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman V,o\\.
Seebohm Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Philip Gosse, Esq.
[C.J.

I

12. coccTzus. 311

Subsp. a. Coccyzus occidentalis.

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis, Ridgivay, Man. N. Am. B. 1887,
p. 273 ; Chapman, Auk, v. p. 39G (1888).

" Larger, with proportionally larger and stouter bill : length 12-30
-13-50, depth of bill through base •37--40." {It. Eklgiua;/.)

Hub. Western United States, north to Oregon, east to New
Mexico and Colorado, south over tablelands to Mexico. (Bidr/ivai/.)

6. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus.

Cuculus erythrophthalmus, Wils. Am. Orn. iv. p. 16, pi. 28. fig. 2
(1811); Sfeph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 208(1826); Harting, Handb.
Brit. B. p. 124 (1872).

Coccyzus dominicus {nee L.), Nutt. Man. Orn. i. p. o56 (1832).

Coccyzus erytbrophthahnus, Bp. Journ. Acad. Philad. iii. p. 307, pi. 2
(1824) ; Audubon, Orn. Biogr. i. p. 170 (1831), v. p. 523 (1839);
id. B. Am. iv. p. 300, pi. 276 (1839) ; Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 73
(1850); Bp. Cunsp. i. p. Ill (1850); Glog. J. f. 0. 1854, p. 224;
Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 214, 1859, p. 252 ; Baird, N. Am. B. ii.
p. 484 (1860) ; id. B. N. Am. p. 77 (1860) ; Salv. Sf Scl. Ibis,
18U0, p. 276 ; Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 323 (1862) ; C«6. Sf Heine,
Mus. Hein. iv. p. 76, note (1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pai/s-Pas, Cuculi,
p. 37 (1864) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 122 ; Leotaud, bi.<!. Trin. p. 352
(1806) ; Baird, Ibis, 1867, pp. 273, 285; Sehjs, Ibis, 1870, p. 452 ;
Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 168 ; Gray, Hand4. B. ii. p. 210, no. 8915
(1870) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 681 ; Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 190
(1872) ; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1873) ; iid.
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 296 ; Goidd, Introd. B. Gt. Brit. p. xcv (1873) ;
Baird, Brewer, Sr Bidr/iv. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. p. 484 (1874) ; Coues,
B. North- West, p. 274 (1874); Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 231, pi, 301.
fig. 1 (1876) ; Scott, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. p. 146 (1876) ;
Loomis, t. c. p. 216 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 328 ; Brewst. Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. p. 178 (1878) ; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 537 ; Boberts 8; Breivst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 16 (1880) ;
Dcdgleish, t. c. p. 73; Maynard, B. Bast. N. Am. p. 216 (1881);
Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, \\. p. 2-32 (1881) ; Ridyw. op. cit.
vii. p. 18 (1882) ; IVidman, t. c. p. 56; Batchelder, t. c. p. 150;
Nehrling, t. c. p. 172 ; Kinr/, t. c. p. 188 ; B. O. U. List Brit. B.
p. 85 (1883) ; Secbohm, Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 39, pi. 68 ; Bailei/,
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 40 (1883) ; Coues, Key N. Am. B.
p. 475 (1884); Dnicher, Auk, i. pp. 178, 179 (1884); Tur7ier,
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 243 (1885) ; Ar/ersborg, Auk, ii. p. 283
(1885) ; A. O. U. Check-list, p. 208 (1886) ; Tacz. Orn. Permt,
iii. p. 189 (1886) ; Lavr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 477 (1886) ;
Seaton, Auk, iii. p. 155 (1886) ; Scdvad. Elenc. Ucc. Ital. p. 73
(18S7) ; liid<ju\ Man. N. Am. B. p. 274 (1887) ; Warren, B.
Pemmilv. p. 120 (1888) ; Davison, Auk, \. p. 263 (1888) ; Everm.
Auk, Vi. p. 22 (1889) ; Faxon, t. c. pp. 44, 149, 151 ; Jefferies, t. c.
p. 120 ; Scott, f. c. p. 250 ; Pindar, t. c. p. 323 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1889,
p. 373.

Advlt. Very similar to C. amcricanns, but differs in tlio almost
entire absence of rufous on the quills, which have their inner webs

312

only basally washed with rufous buff ; the tail is paler, the feathers
have a black subterminal bar and narrow white ends : bill entirely
black or with a yellowish patch on the keel of the lower mandible ;
iris brown ; legs leaden grey. Total length 11"2 inches, culmon 0-9,
wing 5"3, tail 6-4, tarsus 0*95.

Eah. North America south of 49° IST. lat., extending south to
Colombia and the islands of Cuba and Trinidad.

a, h, c. Ad. sk. Fort Duflerin, June.

• d, e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

(J. Imm. sk.

h. Ad. sk.

i-m. Ad. sk.

n, o. (5 ad. ; p-t.

5 ad. sk.
u-a . (S ad. sk.

?/. Ad. sk.

c', d'. (S ad. ; e'.

5 ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.

;;'. Ad. sk.

//. Ad. sk.

i'. Ad. sk.
h', I'. Ad. sk.

m', n' . $ ad. sk.

o', ^y, y'. Ad. sk.
»•'. Ad. sk.
&'. Ad. sk.

Michigan.

South Chicago, July.

Lejden, Lewis Co., New York,

Sept. (C. H. Merriani).
Locust Grove, N. Y.{C.H.M.).

Massachusetts, May, June

(C. H. M.).
New Haveu, Connecticut, May

(A . J. DayanS,- C.H.Merriam
Washington, D. C, Mav, Julv,

Aug. (If. W. H.).
Stone's lot, District of Colom-
bia, Sept. (2). W. Prentiss).
Corpus Christi, Texas {F. B.

Ar7nsti-ong).
Acapulco, State of Guerrero,

Mexico, Sept. {Mrs. H. H.

Smith).
Dos Arroyos (1000 ft.), State

of Guerrero, Sept. (Mrs.

H. H. Smith).
Cozumel Island, May {G. F.

Gcmmer).
Guatemala {Constanciu).
Duenas, Guatemala, Oct., Nov.

(0. S.).
Medelliu, Antioquia, U. S.

Colombia {T. K. Salmon).
New Graoada.
Bogota.
Cliamicuros. Eastern Peru,

Sept.

N. A. Bound. Com-
mission.
Prof. Steele [P.].
Hensbaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.
). [S.-G.].
Henshaw Coll.

[S.-G.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Cull.

Seebohni Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.

7. Coccyzus cinereus.

Coccyzus cinereus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. viii. p. 272 (1817);
Pucher. Rev. et Maq. Zool. 18-52, p. 477 ; Bttrm. Th. Bras. ii.
p. 268 (18.54-56) ; Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 77, note (1862) ;
Scl.P.Z.S. 1864, p. 120; Burm. P.Z.S. 18G8, p. 6-34; Scl. ^
Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 63.3 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 169 ; Gray,
Hand-l B. ii. p. 211, no. 8920 (1870) ; Scl 4- Salv. Nomencl Av.
NeotroiJ. p. 108 (1873) ; Barrows, Auk, i. p. 28 (1884) ; Withing-

13. UK0DTNAMI8. 313

ton, Ihix, 1888, p. 4G8 ; Scl. ^-Hudson, Argent. Oni. ii. p. 38,
pi. 1.3 (1889).
Piaya cineresi, Grtii/, Gen. B. ii. p, 457 (184G).

Aihdt. Upper half of the head grey, passing into ashy Lrowii on
the back and mantle, and becoming browner on the quills and tail,
the latter shading into blackish towards the end ; all but the centre
tail-feathers narrowly tipped with white; sides of the head like the
crown, gradually passing into ashy white on the throat and front
half of the chest ; remainder of the body white, with a buff shade
on the under tail-coverts ; axillaries, under wing-coverts, and basal
portion of the inner webs of the primaries buff, remainder of the
quills ashy brown : bill black, with a pale basal portion to the
under mandible. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-'3,
tail 4-G, tarsus 0-9.

Hab. The Argentine Republic and Paraguay, ranging possibly
into Chili.

«. Ad. sk. Chili ? Zoological Society.

b. 2 fl'd. sk. Concliitas, Ikienos Avres, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Dec. (TV. II. Hudson).

c, c?. cT 2 ad. sk. Conchitas, Nov., Dec. (IV. II. Sdater Coll.

Hudson).

8. Coccyzus pumilus.

Coccyzus pimiilus, StricJil. Contr. Orn. 1862, p. 28, pi. 82 ; Cab. ^•
Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 79, note (18G2) ; ,S'f/. Cat. Am. B. p. 323
(18G2); ?V7. P. Z. /S". 1804, p. 122, 1870, p. 1G9 ; Gray, Hand-I.
B. ii. p. 211, no. 8922 (1870) ; Svl. 1^- 8alv. Nomend. Ai: Neutr.
]). lOs (1873) ; Barroics, Atd; i. p. 28 (1884) ; Scl. ^- Hudson,
Argent. Orn. ii. p. 39 (1889).

Achdt. Forehead and crown grey, slightly tinted with rufous on
the sides and gradually shading into ashy brown on the back and
mantle ; wings and tail slightly browner, the latter shading into
black on the terminal portion, the ends of the feathers narrowly
tipped with white ; sides of the head, chin, throat, and front of the
chest bright rufous ; remainder of the body, the tail and wing-
eoverts, and a basal inner margin to the (piills buff ; bill black.
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-7"), wing 3-7?, tail 3-"), tarsus 0"9.

Hab. The Island of Trinidad, Venezuela and Colombia.

a. 2 ad.sk. Santa Fe, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Tiiuidad. Sclater Coll.

. 13. URODYNAMIS. ,„

lype.

Urodynaniis, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 370 (1880) . . U. taitien.sis.

Ji(iii</t. The islands of the Pacific Ocean to Xuw Zealand and the
Solomon Archipelago.

314 CTJCULID^.

1. Urodynamis taitiensis.

Le Coucou bi'un yarie de noii", Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. \\. p. 376

(1779).
Society Cuckoo, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 514 (1782).
Cuculus taitiensis, S'parnn. Mus. Carls, ii. pi. .32 (1787) ; J'ieill. Enc.

Meth. p. 1329 (1823) ; Sundev. Krit. Framst. p. 8 (1858) ; Wuld.

Ibis, 18(59, p. 346.
Cuculus tahitias, Gm. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 412 ; Wahl. Ibis, 18G9, p. 336.
Cuculus taitensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 209 (1790) ; Stejjh. Gen.

Zool. ix. p. 92 (1815) ; Less. Traitc Orn. p. 151 (1831) ; EUmann,

Zoologist, 1861, p. 7467 ; SchJ. Mns. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 21 (1864).
Cuculus perlatus, Vieill. N. Diet. viii. p. 232 (1817) ; id. Enc. Meth.

iii. p. 1334 (1823) ; Pwher. Ecv. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 562, note.
Eudvnaniys taitiensis, Gray, App. Dieffenb. New Zealand, ii. p. 193

(1843) ; id. Gen. B. ii. p. 464 (1846) ; Cass. U. S. Erpl. E.rp.

p. 248, Atlas, pi. 22. fig. 2 (1858) ; Gray, Ibi.^, 1862, p. 231.
Cuculus fasciatus, Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 160 (1844) ; id. Icon. Zool.

Eudvnaniis cuneicauda, Peale, U. S. Expl. E.vp. p. 139, pi. 38. fig. 2

(1848) ; Sarfl. Wiegm. Arch. Naturg. xviii. p. 107 (1852).
Eudvnamis taitensis, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 101 (1850); id. Consp.

Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854) ; Bull. B. N. Zeal. p. 73, pi. 8 (1873) ; id.

2nd ed." i. p. 127 (1888) ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 491 ; THstr. Ibis,

1882, p. 14.3.
Eudynamis tahitiensis, Cass. U. S. Erpl. E.vp., Atlas, pi. 22. fig. 2

(1858) ; Potts, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 90 (1873).
Eudynamys taliitius. Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 35 (1859).
Eudynamis taitiensis. Cab. Sf- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 56, note

(1862) ; Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 144, 391 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877,

p. 773 ; id. 'ibis, 1880, p. 433.
Eudpiamys taitiensis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 221, no. 9077 (1870) ;

liamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. finales, iv. p. 70 (1879).
Eudynamis tahitensis. Potts, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 90 (1870) ;

Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 300.
Eudynamis taliitius, Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 275.
Urodynamis taitiensis, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 370(1880) : Agq. i.

App. p. 61 (1889) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 191.

Adult male. Above dark brown, striped on the head and neck,
and barred on the back, wings, and tail with rufous ; most of the
wing-coverts, a few of the greater scapulars, and the tail-feathers
with white ends ; tail evenly and regularly barred with numerous
alternate bands of dark brown and rufous ; eyebrow white, lores and
car-coverts dark brown streaked with rufous ; underparts white,
with dark brown shaft-stripes, mostly on the sides of the throat
and body ; thigh-coverts and under tail-coverts with broad angadar
somewhat concentric bars ; under wing-coverts butfy white ; quills
brown barred with whitish : a small patch of bare skin round
the eye dull green ; bill brown, paler and greyer along the edges
and yellower on the lower mandible ; iris reddish brown ; legs
greenish yeUow, claws dark brown. Total length 17'8 inches,
culmen 1-15, wing 7*8, tail 9-7, tarsus 1-4.5.

Adtdt female. k?imilar to the male in plumage.

14. EUDTNAMTS. 315

The amount of striping on the underparts varies slightly, but
apparently not with age ; the immature birds may be easily recog-
nized by the more spotted appearance of the mantle and by the
greater amount of : fous shade on the throat.

JJah. The same as that of the genus.

a. Ad. St. New Zealand. Miss K. Stone [P.".

b. 2Vd. slv. New Zealand. Sir E. Home [P.]."

c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.J.

d. Imm. sk. New Zealand. Mr. Low [P.J.

e. Irum. sk. New Zealand. Sir G. Grey [P.].
/'. Ad. ; //. Imm. sk. New Zealand. Tweeddale Coll.
h, i. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Seebohm Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Dunediu, New Zealand, Dec. Hume Coll.

m. Ad. sk. Tongatabu, Friendly Islands. Purchased.

It. Ad. .sk. Island of Huaheine, Society Tweeddale Coll.

Island.s.

0. Imm. sk. Samoa, Kev. S. I. \Miitmee

[C.].

14. EUDYNAMIS.

Type.

Eudynamys, Vig. ^ Sorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv.

p. 303 (1826) E. cyauocephala. \

Dynamene, Stcj)h. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 211 (1830). . E. mindanensis. j

Eudynamis, Bp. Coiisp. i. p. 100 (1850) i

Range. Indian Peninsula and Ceylou, through the Burmese
countries to Southern China. Through the Malayan Peninsula,
with the islands of the Bay of Bengal, the wliolc Malayan Archi-
pelago to New Guinea and the Papuan Islands, and also Australia.

Koj to the Sj^ecics.

a. Plumage never entirely black. (Females.)
a'. Bill never black.

«". Smaller; bars on breast broader. J

a'". Bars on abdomen broader /(o«o?'fl/«, p. 315.

//". Bars on abdomen narrower mindnnennix, p. .■]21.

//'. Larger ; bars on breast very narrow.
(■'". AH the pale parts of the plumage
not rufous ; upper half of the head

and back of neck black ; chin and j

upper half of throat black, with a

wiiite loral band. i

(i\ Pale portions of plumage more

rufescent, never white orientcdis, p. 322.

h\ Pale portions of plumage whiter,
the spots on the mantle more

numerous and mostly white .... cyanocephala, p. 324.
d'". Entire plumage rufous and black ;
upper half of the head and the chin
broadly striped with rufous and

black ntfiventer, p. 325.

h'. Bill black melanorhyncha, p. 327.

316 CUCULID^.

h. Plumage black ; bill not lilack. (Males.)

, o 11 J T 1 J.1 \honorata,T).S\Q.

c . Smaller and slightly greener j ,„,-„^„„,^4^ p. go].

iorientalis, p. 322.
cyanocephalus, p. 324.
rujiventer, p. 325.

1. Eudynamis honor ata.

Black Indian Cuckoo, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. ii. pi. 68 (1747).

Brown and Spotted Indian Cuckoo, Edwards, t. c. pi. 5'J (1747).

Coucou tacliete de Bengale, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 1-32 (1760, e.v Edw.
pi. 59).

Coucou tacliete de Malabar, Briss, t. c. p. 1.36, pi. 11. fig. 2 ; Daubent.
PL Enl. pi. 294.

Coucou noir de Bengale, Briss. t. c. p. 141 {ex Edw. pL 58) ; Daubent.
PI. Enl. pi. .580.

? Coucou tacliete de la Chine, Biiff. PL EtiL pi. 764.

Le Coucou a gros bee, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 59, pi. 214 (1806).

Le Coucou tacheron, LevailL t. c. p. 02, pi. 216.

Cuculus honoratus, Liim. >Si/st. Nat. i. p. 169 (1766, ex Briss. pi. 11.
fig. 2) ; J'ieilL Enc. Mith. p. 1332 (1823) ; Bhjth, J. A. S. Beng.
xi. p. 913 (1842) ; Walden, Ibis, 1869, p. 327.

Cuculus scoiopaceus, Z?«w. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766, ex Edio.
pi. 59) ; Wald. Ibis, 1869, p. -327.

Cuculus niger, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 ( 17G6, ex Edw. pi. 58) ;
B'ald. Ibis, 1869, pp. 327, 335.

? Cuculus maculatus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 415 (1788, ex Daubent.
pi. 764) ; TVald. Ibis, 1869, p. 3.36.

Cuculus indicus, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 211 (1790).

Cuculus orientalis, var. y, Lath, t, c. p. 211.

Cuculus crassirostris, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 86 (1815, ex LevailL
pi. 215) ; VieilL Enc. Mith. p. 13.33 (182-3).

Cuculus orientalis (iiec Linn.), Ilorsf. Trans. Liim. Son. xiii. p. 178
(1822) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Benr/. xi. p. 913 (1842) ; Strickl Ann. Si-
May. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 400.

Eudynamis orientalis, Viy. Mem. Baffl. p. 671 (18.30) ; Srikes, P. Z. S.
1832, p. 97; Jerd. Madras Journ. xi. p. 220 (1840); Pearson,
J. A. S. Beny. x. p. 657 (1841) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beny. 1843,
p. 245, 1847, p. 468 ; Lai/ard, Ann. S,- May. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 451
(1854) ; MotL S)- Dilhv. Contr. Nat. Hist.'Labuan, i. p. 55 (1855) ;
Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 708 (1850-58) ; Sicinh.
Ibis, 1861, p. 46 ; Irby, t. c. p. 230 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 342 (1802) ;
Blyth, Ibis, 1803, p. .363; Gray, Hand-l ^. ii. p. 221, no. 9072
(1870) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 15 ; Anderson, Ibis, 1873, p. 74 ;
Leyye, Ibis, 1874, p. 16 ; Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. 1883, p. 29.

Eudynianis honorata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1842, p. 912; Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 464 (1847) ; IVald. Ibis, 1809, p. ,338; Gray, Hand-L B. ii.
p. 220, no. 9068 (1870) ; Holdsivorth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 432 ; Hwie,
Nests S,- Eggs Ind. B. p. 139 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. i. p. 03 (1873) ;
Hume, t. c. p. 173 ; Adams, t. c. p. 373 ; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 394
(1874) ; Anders. Ibis, 1875, p. 142 ; Fairbank, Str. F. iy. p. 255
(1876) ; Hume, t. c. p. 463 ; Fairbank, Str. F. v. p. 297 ; Davison
S^ Wendon, Str. F. vii. p. 79 (1878) ; Butler, t. c. p. 182 ; Ball, t. c.
p. 207 : Cripps, t. c. p. 266 : Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 89 (1879) ;
Scully, t. c. p. 257 ; Ler/ye, B. Ceylon, i. p. 251 (1880) ; Vidal, Str.
F. ix. p. 55 (1880) ; Butler, t. c. p. 389 ; Reid, Str. F. x. p. 27

14. EUDTXAJTTS. gjy

V'S} ' ^'''''°"' *■ '■ ^'^- -^^' -'^^ '' *""^'- ^5- ^'"•«^', Ihls, 1885,

Eiidynamis maculata, (?m^, Gen. B. ii. p. 4G4 (1847)- David &
Oust. Ois. Chute, p. 00 (1877) v-^o'±/; , uaiia ^

Eudynamis indicus, &V«y, Gen. B. ii. p. 404 (1847).
Eudynamis australis {nee Sxoains.), Bp. Consp. Av.\. p. 101 (1850)
Ludyuamis nigri-a, Cab. S,- Heine, ui. Hein.iv. p. 49^ 18G-^ ^'

fS)"' ^^^^--«^^' ^«*- ^ ^--, ^/- /ikiv. p 51,Hote

Eudynaniis chioensis, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv.p. 52, note a86->) •

/.///^/^ G,^. ,l/a,«,«. Sf B. Burmah, p. 81 (1875) ^ ^ '

"; wy"^l-'"v^7o^"''o^''A^- ^- ^^"'^' ^I^^s.Hein.iv. p. 52 (18fi-') •

ls7J^ tt! ij '-n ■ ' P- ■-'^■^= &iili-ad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 68

it i:S^:t';^;!-?ti5^it^Ji?r4),iii. p. 82 (i?7o);

p. 15/ ; &^/«f. ^««. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1880 p. 581, 1887 p 509 !

S%?;i T' ''• ''' ■' ""-'■''> ^- ^- '■ ''''' p- ^^26 V 1.:.'^:

AcMf male. Entire plumage black, very strongly glossed with
bluish green: "ins crimson; biU pale bluish gree'l fhikrroTmd
the nostrils ; legs and feet leaden blue " {Ler,r,e). " Total lenoth 15 9
inches, culmen 1-2, wing 7-6, tail 8, tarsus l-> " "

_ -^'^^f female Above blackish brown, with an olive gloss : cro.vn
sides^of the head and back of the neck very strongly mottled S
broad white shaft-stnpes, which are generally shaded towards the
for head with rnfons; back and wing-coverts spotted with whie
(juil s, upper tail-covorts, and tail barred with white : beneath whtV
fea hers of the throat with broad black sides, remainder of he
under suface of the body and the under wing-coverts with rath r
broad black augular bars; under surface of the quills b'own
partially barred with white : " iris crimson ; legs and feet i^i mbeou ^
bill grcemsh grey, gape pinkish flesh-colour ^' (E. A. bJcTtZI
length 16 inclies, culmen 1-2, wing 7-5, tail 7-8, tarsus 1-3 "
^csthn,j. Entirely greenish black like the adult male.

on tSr^-W ^'.1 ^^'T".^'"°S^^''^'^^^^^« "^^'^ 0^ less "parkin-
on the tail-teathers and the under surface of the quHls, and h^ve
numerous fulvous spots on the body-feathers. In more thau o^e
Sing! """' '"' '^^^"^'^'^ ''' '"^'"^y ^°ttled with b'lS

thJvnfn'T^ *' ""? ^' ^' "' '^'°^^^^^' uniformity in the colour of
the J oung birds, and some are much more spotted than others. ?
1, 1 iM .'''''^''"'^''''^^^"•'^^t, that the young female is also
black like the male, then it is possible that thiless^spottod nestlin:s
a e males, which remain almost uniform tiU thev take on the adi5t

iXf t 1 T'- '"i """^^' "^^^^ '''' ^^-^1- -^ even mot
mottled, toreshadowing the spotted dress which they are about to

318

assume. The plumage of the adult female also varies, aud very old
birds appear to me to grow hoary, while the yellowish or reddish
tinge on the head and throat may be considered as sure signs of
youth.

In a genus like Eudijaam'is, where the males scarcely differ, I have
had to look to the females for specific characters, and, judging from
this alone, I unhesitatingly say that the hen bird of E. lionorata
(Linn.), is like the hen of E. malayana, Cab., and goes through a
similar sequence of plumage. The greater size attributed to the
Malayan bird cannot be upheld as a distinctive character, as is
evidenced by the large series in the Museum.

Ilab. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, extending to China aud south
through the Burmese provinces over the Indo-Malayan Archipelago
to riores.

a-e. Ad. et imm.

sk.
/,[/. 6 2 ad. sk.

h-.v. Ad. et imm.

sk.

y, z. S 2 iuim. sk.

a', b' . (S ad. ; c'.

d', e', 5 imm.

sk.
/. Juv. St.
I/'. 5 imm. sk.

/«', i'. 5 ad. sk.
k'. S imm. sk.
r. 6 imm. sk.

m', n' . 2 ad. sk.

sk.
/•'. 2 ad. sk.

s', t'. S 2 ad. sk,

u'. 2 ad. sk.

v', w' . S ad. ; x' .

2 ad. sk.
2/',/. [$]ad. et

imm. .sk.
a". S ad. ; b". 2

imm. sk.
c", d'-. S <2 ad. ;

e". 2 imm. sk.
/'. S ad. sk.

g". 2 imm. sk.

Ceylon ( Whyte).

Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Ragam Corale, Ceylon,

July 2.
Ceylon, Nov., Dec, Jan.,

March (»S'. Chapman and

H. Nevill).
Ilarae.swaram Island, Nov. Seebohm Coll.

( W. V. Legcjc).
Laccadives, Feb. {A. 0. II.). Hume Coll.

India.

Trevandrum, Travaucore,

Nov. 18.
Anjango, Travaucore.
Trichinopoly.
Tellicherry, Oct. {E. G.

W. R.).
Calicut.
Malabar.

Coonoor Ghat, Sept. 20

{R. G. W.R.).
Wynaad, March, April {R.

Davison).
Mysore, Feb. 21.
Belgaum, March, Oct. {E. A.

Butler).
Bangalore, Sept. {R. G.

W. R.).
Arcot.

Madras.

N.W. of Eajamundry, May

30 ( JF. T. Blanford).
Deccan (Sykes).

Purchased.

F. W. Boiu:dillon

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll,
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Rev. H, H. Baber

[P.].
Hume Coll.

India Museum,

14. BPDTNAMTS.

319

/(.". 2 ad. slf.
i"-n". iS ad. ; o".
$ ad. sic.

p", €^'. (S ad. sk.
»•", s". c5'ad. sk.

t'', «"• 6 9- ^^■

,sk.
v", lo". c? 2 ad.

sk.
.r". 2 ad. sk.

y", ~~". d 2 ad.

sk.
«■■'. (5 ad. ; P, c^.

2 ad. sk.
cP. <S imm. sk.
e"\ /■■". (f ad. sk.
f/', A'', c? 2 ad. sk.
V', k\ c? ad. sk.
P. 2 ad. sk.
m^-q^. cJ ad. ; ?•'-

i'^. 2 ad.etimm.

sk.
io\ 2 ad. sk.

x^-a^. Ad. et imm.

sk.
i*. c? ad. ; c', cZ'.

2 ad. sk.
e\f. S ad.; ^'.

2 ad. sk.
hK S ad. sk.
iK (S ad. sk.
k\P, m\ d ad.

sk.
w^-y'. d"ad. etjuv.;

J-^sS!!'. 2 ad.

sk.
u*. 2 ad. sk.
v'. 2 imm. sk.
?(;'. c? ad. sk.

.r',y'. (^ ad.; zK
2 imm. sk.

a', d'', c\ 2 ad.
sk.

(l\ S ad. sic.

e^,f\ c?2ad.;//^
2 imm. sk.

A', z's. cJ ad. ; 7c'-
»i\ 2 ad. sk.

0*, p^ c5' ad. ; q\
r*. 9 ad. sk.

Deccan {Burgess).
Alimednuggur District, April,

.Tilly, Sept., Oct. [S. B.

Fairbank).
llaipiir.
Khandeish, May, Sept. [J.

Davidson).
Mhow {E. Blackhuni).

Mhow, .Time 7.

Ilajkote, Ivattiwar, June 19.

Deesa, .July 9 (B. A.

Butler).
.Vnadi-a, Mt. Aboo, May,

July.
Delhi:

Umbala, Oct.

Delira Dhoon, April. Sept.
Dehra Dhoon.
Kumaon.
Etawah, Sept., Nov.

Cawupore, April .30 (TT''.

B. Brooks).
Saiigor.

Futtehgurh, June {A. Ander-
son).
Lucknow, May.

Oudh, March.

Behar.

Nepal.

Nepal Valley, May, July
{J. Scully),

Darjeeling Terai, April 20.
Bhotan (jPemberton).
Sadhyia, Assam, May 22

(.T. Cockhirn).
N. Kbasia Hills, April, Dec.

{A. W. Chcnnell).
Mvmeusing {A. W. Chen-

'nell).
Cachar, Jan. 28 (A. O.

H.).
Dacca.

Calcutta, Dec. to March.

Akyab, March {J. Arm-
strong).

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Colonel SwinhoefP.

Colonel Haves

Lloyd [P.].
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Colonel Way [P.].

Hume CoU.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
India Museum.
Hume CoU.

Tweeddale CoU.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU

320

$ juY. sk.
?/'. c? imm. sir.

s'-Zc^ Ad. et imm.

sk.
l^, m6. f? $ ad. sk.

?»'', f)*', 7/. cJ ad. ;

y^, ?•-, /■. 2 ad.

sk.
t\ S ad. sk.
«°, 2)", ?«''. (J ad. ;

x'"'. 2 ad. sk.
y". S ad. sk.

i:^ cJ ad.; a\ $

imm. sk.
b'. c? ad. sk.

c", d'. S ad. ; e',
/'. $ ad. sk.

y''", k'. (S ad. ; i',
/c". 2 ad. sk.

/', 7n~. cS 2 ad.
sk.

7i'. (J ad. sk.

o''. J ad. ; ^j'', 5'.

2 ad. sk.
r'^. cJ ad. sk.

s', t\ 2 ad. sk.

»", y". J 2 ad. sk.

iv'. S ad. sk.

.r", //, s". S ad. ;

a", 6-*. 2 id. sk.
c^-w". c? ad. ; 0'^-

f. 2 ad. sk.
(«■. 2 ad. sk.

l)''-ft^ c? ad. et
iuv. ; b\ 2 ad.
ik.

c'', cP, (S imm.;
e*. 2 ad. sk.

/=. 2 ad. sk.

g\ 2 ad. sk.

Thayetmyo, March to May

{E. W. Oates).
Thavetmvo, Sept. (R. G.

W. R).
Pegu, Feb. to June (E. W.

0.).
Rangoon, July {R. G. W.

R.).
Tonghoo, Feb., April, May

{R. G. TV. R.).

Little Coco Islands, March.
South Andamans, Dec, Jan.,

March {R. G. IF. R.).
Mt. Harriett, S. Andamans,

Dec. (W. Damson).
Port Blair, S. Andamans,

Feb. ( W. Davison).
Eoss Island, Dec. {R. G.

W. R.).
Trinkut Is., Nicobars, Dec.

to Feb.
Camorta Island, Dec. {R.

J. Wimherley).
Teressa Island, Jan., Feb.

{W. Davison).
Pahpoou, Feb. 22 {W.

Davison).
Thatone, Dec, May (W.

Davison).
Kanee, Hoimgtliraw R.,

March 7 ( W. Davison).
Attaran River, March ( W.

Davison).
Akhya, Zanee River, Feb.

(C. T. Bingham).
Karope, Moulmein Dist.,

March 24 {W. Davi-
son).
Amherst, Jan., March, July

( W. Davison).
Tavoy, March to May ( W.

Davison).
Shymootee, May 3 {W.

Davison).
Mergui, Jan., April, Nov.

( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume CoU.

Bopyiu, Dec. ( JF. Davison). Hume CoU.

h% iK S ad. ; k\
P, m\ Ad. sk.
w^ 0'. (S 2 ad. sk. China.

Siam.

Bankok, April {CajA. Con-
rad).
Saigon, Cochin China.

Tweeddale Coll.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
M. E. Pierre [P.].

Seebohm Coll.

14. EUDYNAMIS.

321

P\ q^. S 2 ad. sk.
/•■', s\ d 2 ad. sk.
r. d ad. sk.
If', c? iium. sk.
r^-y'. (S ad. el

juv. ; s", «'°,

¥°. 2 ad. sk.
c">,d"\e">. cTad.;

/". $ ad. sk.
y, /t'°,!'". d^ad.;

/;>"-?*"'. $ ad.

sk.
o'". cf ad. sk.

p^^-t^". (S ad. et
imni. ; u^", v^°.
2 ad. sk.

ro'", x'". d $ ad.
sk.

//»,::"',«". Imm.

■ sk.

6", c". $ ad.sk.

d'K (S ad. sk.
e",/"". d'? ad.sk.
i/^',/t". d ad.; i'\

$ ad. sk.
k'',P\m". d ad.

sk.
n". 2 ad. sk.
o",/j". cJ ad. sk.
g". d" ad. sk.
;■". Iium. sk.
«",*!'. c5' ad.;2f".

2 ad. sk.
c", ?«". Skeleton,
.r". Skeleton.
y". Skeleton.

Canton.

Canton, April (JR. Swmkoe).
Anioy, .Fune (Ji. Swinhoe).
Swatow {R. Swinhoe).
Hainan, Feb., March {R.
Swm/ioe).

Kossouni, Malay Penins.,
April, May (-/ Darliiif/).

Salang, Island of Tonka,
Feb., March {J. Barliiuj).

Province Wellesley, Dec.

Penang {I)v. Cantor).

Malacca {Dr. Cantor).

Malacca {Dr. Muinjay).

Malacca, July ( W. Davi-

son).
Pulo Nongsa.
Sumatra ( Wallace).
.Ja\a (Ilors/ield).

Java.

Kuraman, Borneo.
I.abuan (H. T. Ussher).
Labuau {Sir Hwjli Low).
Sarawak {A. H. Everett),

Flores.

India.
Nepal.
Java.

Tweeddale Coll.
Soebohm Coll.
Seebohni Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohni Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Dr. A. McKinlay

[P.].
India Museum.

India Museum.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Forbes Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
India Museum.

Seebohm Coll.

H. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
AVallace Coll.

Hodgson CoU.
Purchased.

2. Eudynamis mindanensis.

Coucou tachete de Mindanao, Bri^s. Or/i. iv. p. 130 (1760).

Cuculus mindanensis, Li/in. Si/st. Xat. i. p. 100 (1706, e.v Briss.) ;
Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1337 (18:23) ; WaM. Ibis, 1869, p. 3i'7.

Coucou tachete de ITsle de Panay, Sonn. J'oi/. Xouv. O'nin. p. 1^,
pi. 78 (1770).

Cuculus variegatus, Scop. Del. Fl. et Faun. Iiisub. ii. p. 89 (1780).

Cuculus pauavauus, Gm. Si/st. Xat. i. p. 413 (178S) ; Vieill. Enc.
^ M{'th. p. l;;:!0 (1823) ; Wald. Ibis, 1809, p. 330.

Eudvnamis mindanensis. Cab. 4" Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. o2 (1862) ;
Wald. Ibis, 1869, p. 340 (pt.) ; Grat/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 221,
no. 9070 ; Wald. Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 162 (187o) ; Sharpe, Trans.
Linn. Soc, Zool. 1877, pp. .320, 3-51 ; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 536,
543, 691, 823, 1878, p. 940, 1879, p. 70 ; Wardlaw Ramsai/,
App. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 056 (1881); Mei/er, Sitz. Ah-
Imndl. Ges. Isi,% p. 17 (1881); Blasiui, Ornis, '1888, p. .306;
Ererett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 22.5 : Whitelmid, Ibis, 18.10, p. 40.

iiL. XIX. T

322 ctJctJLiD^.

Eudynamis niger {nee Linn?), Briigy. Abhandl, nat. Ver. Hrem. T.

p.'57 (1876).
Eudynamis orieutalis {nee Linn.), Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen. ix.

p." 53 (1877) ; rtceedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 613.

Adult male. Similar iu plumage to E. honorata : " bill greyish
green ; legs dark lead-grey ; claws black ; iris crimson " {A. U.
lihjereti). Total length 14-7 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 7'4, tail 7'(5,
tarsus 1'3.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to E. honoraiahnt with the
entire upper half of the head rufous, streaked or mottled with
black ; bars ou the chest, abdomen, and under tail-coverts slightly
narrower : " biU pale green, deep orange at base ; legs yellow,
tinged green on the tarsus ; nails grey ; iris chrome-yellow" {A. if.
Everett). Total length 14-5 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 7-C, tail 7'5,
tarsus 1'3.

Bah. Philippines and Sanghir group of islands.

a. c? ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Gould Coll.

b. (5 f^d. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, Feb. Tweeddale Coll.

{A. Everett).

c. d. (S ad. sk. Guimaras, March {A. B. Tweeddale Coll.

Meyer).
V. ^ ad. sk. Mactau, NegTos, Aug. {A. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett),
f, (J. (S ad. ; li-l. Zauiboanga, Mindanao, Mar., Tweeddale Coll.

$juv. sk. April {A. Everett).

■iii,n. 2imm..sk. A jala, Mindanao, Dec. E. L. Moseley, Esq.

Ojj). cj ad. sk. Butuan, Mindanao, May {A. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett),

q. 2 ad. sk. Basilan, May {A. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

r, s. (S ad. ; t. $ Mnlanipa. Toy. H.M.S. ' Chal-

inim. sk. leuger.'

?<,r. cJad. ; ic,.v. Taguso, Palawan, July, Aug. John Whitehead, Esq.

2ad.etjuv.sk. " [C.].

;'/j s. c? 2 ad. sk. Sanghir Island. Tweeddale Coll.

«'. (S ad. sk. Saughir Island. Seebohm Coll.

b'. Skull. Dr. Gunther [C.].

3. Eudynainis orientalis.

(Juucou nolr des ludes, Brigs. Orn. iv. p. 142, pi. 10. fig. 1 (1709).

Coucou tachete des Indes, Briss. t. c. p. 1-34, pi. 10. fig. 2.

Ciiculus orieutalis, Linn. 8i/st. Kat. i. p. 168 (176(3, ex Bri.ss. fig. 1) ;
Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Mith. p. 1331 (1823); S. Midi. Verh. Land-
en Volk. p. 176, note (1839-44); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, CiicuU,
p. 16 (1864, pt.) ; Wald. Ibis, 1869, p. 327.

Cuculus puuctatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766, ex Briss. fig. 2) ;
WaJd. Ibis, 1869, p. 327.

? Coucou uoir des Indes, Dauhent. PI, Enl. vi. pi. 174.

Coucou tachet(5 des Indes Orieutales, Daubent. t. c. vi. pi. 771.

Eudynamis puuctatus, S. Midi. Verh. Land- en Volk. p. 176 (1839-
44) ; Goidd, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 359 ; Schl. Mas. Pays-Bas, Cuculi,
p. 19 (1864) ; Einsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865).

14. KDDTx.virts. 323

Eiidynamis orientalis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4G4 (1847, pt.) ; Peale,
U.S. E.ipl. Exp. p. 138 (1848) ; Cas^. op. cit. 1858, p. 24'J; Schl
Mils. Pcnjs-lias, (Juculi, p. 16 (1804, pt.) ; Cub. ^- Heine, Mus.
Hein. iv. p. 53, note (1862) ; Wald. Ibis, 18f39, p. 341 ; Gray,
Iland-l. B.'n. p. 221, no. 'J072; Rosenb. Heist, naar Geehinkh.
p. 0 (1875) ; Snlvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 373 (1870), xiii.
p. 4G1 (1878), xiv. p. G44 (1879) ; id. Orn. Papuami etc. i. p. 359
(1880) ; Meyer, Verh.z.-b. Ges. Wim, 1881, p. 7U7 : Bias. u. Nehrk.
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 418 ; Pteske, Bull. Acad. Petersb.
xxix. p. 525 (1884); Scdvad. Agg. Orn. Pupuasia, p. 51 (1889).

Eudvnamis ransomi, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 101 (1850) ; Gray, P. Z. S.
1>^60, p. 350 ; Wall. P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 23 ; ll'ald. Ibi.9, 1869, p. 343,
pi. 10 ; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 221, no. 9073 (1870) ; Wald. Trans.
Z. S. ix. p. 162 (1875).

Cucuhis puiict.atus, var. ceramensis, Forsten in Mus. Lui/d., fide Bp.
Consp. Av. i. !>. 101 (1850).

luidjuaiuispicatus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4()4 (1847) ; id. P. Z. 8. 1860,
p. 359 ; Bosenb. K<duurh. Tijdschr. Nedcrl. Ind. xxv. p. 229 (1863,
pt.) ; id. J.f. O. 18G4, p. lit (pt.) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi,
p. 19 (1664).

'i Eudj-namis niger (wee Linn.), FinscJi, Neu-Guinea, p. 159 (1865).

'f Eudvnamis rufiventer (wee Less.), Wald. Trans. Z, S. ix. p. 162
(18i'5).

Adult male. Elack, with a strong greeuish-blue gloss : " bill pale
dusky greenish; ii'is red; legs duskj- bluish" {A. R. Wallace).
Total length 18-3 inches, culmen 1'3, wing 8-G, tail 9-3, tarsus 1-35,

Adult female. Above glossy blue-black, shaded with green on the
wings, with cinnamon-coloured spots on the back and wing-coverts,
and bars of that colour on the quills, upper tail-coverts, and tail ;
beneath tawny buff, with irregular narrow partial black bars ; chin
and upper throat blue-black like the crown, with a broad white
basal band. Total length lO'o inches, culmen 1"4, wing 8-6, tail 9,
tarsus 1*4.

In less adult females the black of the crown and back of the neck
is spotted with chestnut, the spots on the back are more numerous,
and the black on the upper throat is mottled with rufous buff.

Immature male. General plumage buff, with a darker rufous shade
on the quills, tail, and undei^iarts : back, wings, and tail with
broad bars of dark brown, and with irregular patches of glossy
black feathers scattered over the upper parts generally ; a few of
the tail-feathers black ; chin and sides of the upper half of the
tliroat black ; l)reast almost without bars. Total length 15 inches,
culmen 1-2, wing 8, tail 8-4, tarsus 1-35.

Hah. Moluccas.

a. cJ ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace CoU.

b. S ad. sk. Morty Island. Eyton Coll.

c. Juv k. Ilalniahera. "VN'allace Coll.

d. e. e ad. ; f. $ Bouru. Wallace CoU.
ad. sk.

y, h. S 2 ad. sk. Bouru {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale CoU

t, k. ^ ad. ; l-o. Ceram. WaUace CoU.

Iiuni. sk.
p-r. Iniin. sk. Ceram (.4. 7?. Wallace). Tweedd;ile CoU.

t2

324

4. Eudynamis cyanocephala.

Blue-headed Cuckow, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 137,

Cuculus cyanocephalus, Lath. Lml. Orn. li. Suppl. p. 30 (1801) ;

Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 110 (1815) ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1336

(1823).
Flinder's Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. iii. p. 308 (1822).
Cuculus flindersii, "Lath. MS.,'' Vig. ^- Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv.

p. 305 (1826).
Eudynamis orientalis (nee L.), Vig. ^- Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv.

p. 304 (1826) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 20, note n

(1864)._
Eudynamis flindersii, Vig. ^- Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 305

(1826) ; Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 91 (1818) ; Beichb. Viig. Neuholl,

ii. p. 210(1849); McGill. Voy. ' Battlesnake; ii. p. 357(1852);

Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195 ; id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 44 (1859) ;

Cab. 4- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 53 (18G2) ; Roseyib. Nat.

Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xxv. p. 229 (1863) ; id. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 117 ;

Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 632 (1865) ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875,

p. 601.
Eudynamis australis. Swains. An. in Menag. p. 344 (1838) ; Strickl.

J. A. S. Bang. 1844, p. 390, note ; Peak, U.S. Expl. E.vped. 1848,

p. 139.
Cuculus orientalis, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 16 (1864).
Eudynamis cyanocephala, Wald. Ibis, 1869, p. 341 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 221, no. 9071 (1870) ; Wald. Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 162 (1875);

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xiii. pp. 310, 491 (1877); Salvad.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 461 (1878) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, iii. p. 257 (1878) ; UAlb. ^- Salvad. Ann. Mus.

Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 44 (1879) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, p. 365 (1830) ;

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vii. p. 21 (1882) ; Finsch,

Vog. d. S'ddsee, p. 16 (18S4) ; Meyer, Sitz. Geselhch. Isis, 1884,

Abh. i. p. 17 ; id. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 275 (18S4) ; North,

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii. p. 554 ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1883,

p. 191 ; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 15 (1883) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papu-
asia, p. 51 (1889).
Eudynamis picatus {Mdll.), Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 106, 1878,

p 67i : linsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 12 ; Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 300.

Adult male. Black, with a bright greenish-blue gloss. Total
length 16 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 8-1, tail 8'4, tarsus 1"3.

Adult female. Upper half of the head and back of the neck glossy
greenish black ; remainder of the upper parts dark brown, with an
olive gloss ; back and wing-coverts thickly spotted with white :
quills, rump, and tail-feathers with numerous white bars; chin and
upper half of the throat black, irregularly mottled with white spots ;
a broad white loral band ; remainder of the underparts white, par-
tially washed with rufous-buff, and with narrow, somewhat irregular,
black bars ; uuder wing-coverts like the breast ; under surface of
the quills dusky browu, partially barred with white.

Immature (type of Eudijaamis jiindersii, Vig. & Horsf.), General
plumage buff ; a large blue-black patch on the back of the head and
nape ; a band of the same colour extending from the back of the eye
down the sides of the uock, widening out at the base ; back and wing-
coverts very irregularly mottled with dark brown, and a few greenish-

i

14. EUDTiVAMIS.

325

black feathers on the wing-coverts and centre of the back ; quills and tail
strongly barred -with dark brown ; under surface -with partial narrow
brownish-black bars almost confined to the lower throat, chest, and
flank ; some patches of black feathers on the sides of the throat, and
some of the feathers of the lower throat and chest washed in patches
with cliestnut-buff ; under wing-coverts uniform rufous-buff; quills
brown, barred with very pale buff. Total length 16 inches, culmen
0-95, wing 8-2, tail S-7, tarsus 1-2.

Hah. Australia and New Guinea, to Goram and Timor,

a. S ad. sk.

Tasmania.

Seebohm Coll.

b. Juv. sk.

Australia.

Linnean Soc. (Type
oi E.JlindersU.)

c. 2 ad.; (I S

Australia.

Forbes Coll.

imm. sk.

e. S ad. sk.

Australia.

Purchased.

/. Imm. sk.

Australia.

Seebohm Coll,

</. jS ad. ; /(. 2

New South Wales.

Seebohm Coll.

imm. sk.

i. tS ad. sk.

Port Macquarie, N. S,
Dec. 2.

w.,

Hume Coll.

k. 2 ad. sk.

Hunter Eiver, N. S. W.

Seebohm Coll.

I. (S ad. ; m-p.

Queensland.

Seebohm CoU.

Imm. sk.

q, r. S ad. ; s, t.

South Queensland.

Tweeddale Coll,

2 imm. sk.

u, V. 2 ad. et

Cape York.

Tweeddale Coll.

imm. ; tc-y. ^^

imm. sk.

z, a'. S 9- ad. ;

Cape York (J. T. Cockercll).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

b',c'.3 2ivam..

sk.

d'. S ad. ; e. 2

Port Albany (Coven).

Tweeddale Coll.

imm. sk.

f. S ad. ; fj\ 2

Port Essiugton (J. Macf/Uh

hrcuj).

Voy.H.M.S.' Rattle-

imm. sk.

snake.'

h\i'. S 2ad.sk.

Port Essiugton

Dr. Sibbald [P.l.
Sir G. Grey [P^.

A-.'. (^ imm. St.

^^^ Australia.

/'. 2 iniin.sk.

Yule Island, Dec. (Dr. James).

Seebohm Coll.

m', n' . 2 imm.

sk.
o'. cJad. sk.

S.E. New Guinea.

Seebohm Coll.

Dorey.

Wallace Coll.

;/. 2 iniiu. sic.

Goram.

Wallace CoU.

q. 2 .iiiv. sk.

E. Timor.

Wallace Coll.

5. Eudynamis rufi venter.

Coucou tachete des Indes Orientales, Daub. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 771

(1783).
Cuculus rutiventer, Less. Vou. Coq., Zool. i. p. 623 (1828); id. TraiU,

p. 150(1831). ^ )! \ '^

Eudvnanus rufi venter, Less. Compl. Buff., Ois. p. 625 (1838); Gray,

Gen. B. ii. p. 404 (1847) ; Wald. Ibis, 1809, p. 344; Gra\i, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 221, no. 0074; Wald. Tram. Z. S. ix. p. 102 (1875);

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cir. G(>«. xiii. p. 401 (1878); id. Atfi li.Accad.

326 CUCTTLID^.

Jorino, xiii. p. 318 (1878) ; id. Orn. Fapuasia, p. 368 (1880) ;

Sfiarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xyi. p. 428 (1882) ; Guillem,

P.Z. S. 1885, p. 625; Sakaci. Orn. Fapuasia, App. p. 51 (1889).
Eudynamis picatus, S. Mill/. Verh. Land- en Yolk. p. 876, note

(1839-44) ; Bp. Ci,nxp. Av. i. p. 101 (1850) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mm.

Hein. iv. p. 55, uote (1862) ; Cah. Sf Beiehen. J.f. O. ]s7_6, p. 324.
Eudyiiamis punctatus {7iec Linn.), pt., Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 101

(1850) ; Grai/, Cat. B. Neip Guin. p. 40 (1859) ; id. P. Z. S.

1859, p. 159, 1861, p. 437.
Eudynamis rufiTenter, Sclat. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. ii. p. 166

(1858).
Eudynamis orientalis, pt., Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865).
Eudynamis cyanocepbala {nee Latli.), Sahad. Ann. Mv.s. Civ. Gen.

ix. p. 17 (1876).

Adult male. Black, with a greeuish-blue gloss. Total length
16'4 inches, culmcn 1*25, wing 8"1, tail 8*5, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. Upper half of the head and back of the neck black,
with terminal chestnut shaft-stripes, slightly rounder in form towards
the sides and base of the neck ; remainder of the upper parts olive-
shaded black, and thickly mottled with rufous and buff, in the form
of spots on the back and wing-coverts, and of bars on the quills,
upper tail-coverts, and tail ; the bars on the tail arched inwards
as in the last two species ; under surface buff; chin and upper throat
rufous and black, mottled like the crown ; a distinct white loral band
bordering the dark portion of the throat ; remainder of the iinderparts
of the body and the under wing-coverts narrowly barred with black,
broadest on the lower throat, where the bars on the feathers are
connected by black shaft-bands. Total length 13-9 inches, culmen
1*2, wing 7"6, tail 7*6, tarsus 1-3.

Immature. Above mottled nifous and black in equal proportions ;
crown and back of the neck mostly chestnut, with the black con-
densed on the nape, down the centre of the hind neck, and at the
sides of the base of the hind neck ; mantle broadly spotted or
partially barred with chestnut ; quills, upper tail-coverts, and tail
distinctly barred : beneath rich tawny buff, crossed by numerous
narrow black bars slightly broader on the lower half of the throat ;
chin and upper half of the throat washed with chestnut, mottled
with the black of the base and sides of the feathers ; a distinct
rufous-white loral band ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; under
surface of the quills brownish black barred with rufous : " bill
blackish grey ; iris orange-red ; legs olive " ( Woodford). Total
length lo-5 inches, culmen 1-05, wing 7'1, tail 8-2, tarsus 1"3.

Hah. New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands.

u. c? ad. sk. Blanche Bav, Xew Britain, Seebohm Coll.

June 12 {G. E. Bichurds).

b,c. cJ$ad. sk. Duke of York Island {G. Tweeddale Coll,

Brotcn).

d,e. (5 2 ad. sk, Dvke of York Island. Eev. G. Brown [C.].

f. 5^ imui, sk. Aola, Guadalcanar, >Solomon CM. Woodford, Es(j.

Is.; June 6. [P.],

14. EUDYNAWIS. 327

G. Eudynamis melanorhyncha.

Eudvnamis melanorhyncha, <S'. Mlill. J'er/i. Land- en Volk. p. 176,

note (1839-44) ; Grm/, Gen. B. ii. p. 464 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. Av.

i. p. 101 (1850) ; C(th. 8f Heine, Mns. Ilein. iv. p. 55, note (1802) ;

Wald. Ibh, 1809, p. ;144 ; Graii, Hand-/. B. ii. ]). 221, no. 907o ;

Walcl. Trans. Z. S. viii. pp. 53, 112 (1874) ; Sa/vad. Ann. 3Iu.s.

Civ. Genov. 1875, p. 050; Brilqq. Ahhandl. nat. Ver. Brem.y,

p. 59 (1876) ; Lenz, J. f. O. 1877, p. 871 ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879,

p. 09; Guillem. R Z. S. 1885, p. 550; Bias. Zeitschr. ges. Orn.

1880, p. 90.
Euclynaniis facialis, Wall P. Z. S. 1802, p. 339 ; Walden, Ibis,

1809, p. 345 ; Grai/, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 221, no. 9076 (1870).
Eudvuaniis orieDtalis"(«cc L.), Peale, U.S. Ecpl. E.rped. p. 137 (1848) j

Hartl. Arch.f. Naturrj. xviii. p. 107 (1852).

Adult male. General plumage black, with a strong blue gloss only
slightly tinted with green ; bill black ; iris red : legs dusky slate-
colour. Total length lO^ inches, culmen 1-25, wing- S'4, tail 8-3,
tarsus 1'3.

uidalt female. Above chestnut, evenly barred with olive-black,
except ou the back of the neck and upper half of the head, which
parts are mucli darker and more mottled ; chin and upper half of
the throat black and chestnut like the crown, separated from the
similar colouring of the head by a broad white loral band ; remainder
of the underparts buff, with numerous narrow wavy black bars,
broadest on the lower half of the throat ; under wing-coverts similar
to the breast and inclining to white ou the edge of the wing; under
surface of the quills rufous, slightly paler than the upper siuface,
and similarly barred with black ; bill black ; iris red. Total length
15 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 7'7, tail 7"5, tarsus 1-2.

Immature. Above uniform glossy dusky olive, shading into greenish
black on the upper half of the head and back of the neck ; tail with
a very narrow rusty end ; chin and upper throat black, passing into
dusky stone-grey, and then into rufous-buff on the chest and re-
mainder of the underparts ; \mder wing-coverts nearly uniform
buff; quills uniform dusky black. Total length l.")-5 inches, culmen
I'lo, wing 7'0, tail 7"8, tarsus 1-3.

The nestling is probably entirely black glossed with green ; in the
next stage the bars on the breast and under Aving-coverts are very
irregularly assumed and the bars on the tail are partially visible ;
next the green gloss on the upper parts of the head and neck changes
more into blue, and the back and wings become partially mottled
with rufous bars, and the tail assumes the full-banded appearance
of the adult female. At this stage the uniform black throat becomes
mottled with rufous.

Hah. Celebes and the Sula Islands.

a. Imm. sk, Celebes. W. W. Saundei-s, E'sq

[P.].
6. Imm. sk. Celebes. Purchased.

328 CIJCULID.T;.

c, <7. cJ ad.; e,/. Celebes. Seebohm Coll.

Imm. sk.

q. 2 ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

■^.cjad.: «. Imm. N.Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

sk,

k. S ad. : /. $ Menado, N. Celebes. Wallace Coll.

imm. sk.

in. Jut. sk. Menado. Tweeddale Coll.

n. Ad.; o. Juv. Menado. Hume Coll.

sk.

I). Ad. : «/. Juv. Menado. Gould Coll.

sk.

r. 2 ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll.

.s, ^Jad. sk. Makassar (^. i?. 7r«//rtfe). Tweeddale Coll.

tt. Ad. St. Celebes. Purchased.

V, S ad. sk. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll. (Type

of E. facialis.)

15. MICRODYNAMIS. ,^„

Type.

Microdynamis, Salrad. Ann. Mv.s. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 461 (1878). M. parva.
Fange. New Guinea.

1, Microdynamis parva.

Eudynamis parva, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 986 (1875).
Microdynamis parva, Sahad. Ann. Mn.9. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 461 (1878) ;

id. Orn. Papmisia, i. p. 371 (1880) ; Mei/er, Zeitsch: (jes. Orn. iii.

p. 12, pi. 5. fig-. 2 (1886) ; Sharps in Gould's B. New Guin.'w. pi. 6

(1888) ; Salvad. Ayr/. Orn. Papimsia, p. 51 (1889).
Rhamphomantis rollesi, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N'. S. Wales, viii.

p. 23 (1883) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1884, p. 354.

Adult male. General plumage brown, with an olive shade on the
back and tail ; entire upper half of the head and back of the neck
black, as well as a broad moustachial band from the lores to below
the cheeks and ear-covcrts ; cheeks white ; ear-coverts rufous-buff ;
edges of the wing-feathers washed with pale rufous ; chin and throat
clear rufous-buff, passing into pale brown on the remainder of the
body ; under wing-coverts rufous-buff ; quills brown, with broad
rufous-buff inner edges ; bill and legs black. Total length 9 inches,
culmen 0-75, wing 4-4, tail 4, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Differs from the male in having no black on the
head, but a broad glossy greenish-black collar at the back of the
neck ; tail-feathers obscurely notched with rufous on the inner webs ;
sides of head brown, with a white band beneath the eye, extending
over the lower ear-coverts and ending in a rufous-buff patch, sepa-
rating the black collar from the similarly coloured moustachial band
which extends down the sides of the throat ; upper half of the throat
rufous-buif ; remainder of the body brown, with very obscure bars :
" iris with red ring, bill blue-black, legs and feet lavender-blue "
{H. 0. Forhcs). Total length 7'6 inches, culmeu 0'7, wing 3-8,
tail 3-7, tarsus 0-7.

in.

KIIAJIl'ltOMANTIS. 17. SfTTHROPS. .^Of)

n.ii'«r"h-"TV^'f '!/''°°' *^' ^^'^ "^ ^^-^^'"g "° ^^'^'-k collar nor dark
mou ta hial band ; the crown and back of the neck are rather dis-
hnc ly barred .v.th rufous and dark brown ; the sides of the head
W "'tIi f "T'.i''^ f '^' ''''''' -^^J'^hi^^ ^ith dusky
tarsus 0 7? ^°^ ^"^ ''"'^''' '''^'^''' 0''' ^^°S -i, tail 3-5.
iTaS. The same as that of the genus.

a. 2 imm. sk. Astrolabe Mts., S.E. h. 0. Forbes, Esq.

Aew Giunea, Dec. 15. [C.l.

16. RHAMPHOMANTIS.

Ptharapliomantis, Salved. Awi. M«s. Civ. Gen. xiii ^•■^'''

ife/ 9, p. 4o0 „ ,

-K. megarhvuchus.

i?rt«ye. New Guinea and Aru Islands.

1. Rhamphoinantis megarhynchus.

^^. j.f. 0. i86J?p. 117; i,-S;k;£/^i^.^£.^i

(IbO i) ; J,„5o/;, Neit-Gmn. p. 159 (1805). ^ '

Ehamphomautis megarhynchus, 6«/.«r/. ^««. Mus. Civ Gen xiii
p. 4o9 (18.8) ; Id. On>. Papuasia etc. i. p. 343 (1880).

^cZiJ^ '"f '■ t^PPer parts brown, with the crown, nape, and sides
0 the head grey ; a bare dusky patch round the eve : ' nderp s

ba red wTtt 177^"'^ 'l\ '''' 7^^^ ^-^J" -^' -d obscS
haired with that colour on the under tail-coverts ; under win-
coverts and a large basal portion of the inner web of the Tifls
rufous ; end of the quills dark brown : tail brown, wih pa e huffish

leatneis, t le outer tail-feathers having on their inner webs about

X rufous bars alternating with broader black ones, the nS feaThe

imilarly but more obscurely marked: '«bill black legs slaty 're ''

tarsus o1: ' ''' ""'"' '"'"'^" '-''' ^^^° 3"^' ^'^^^ 3,

Hub. The same as that of the genus.

«. 6 ad. sk. Aru Islands. WaUace Coll. (Type of

species.)

17. SCYTHROPS.
Scytbrops, Zat/,. Ind. Orn. i. p. 141 (17tK)) . . . . S. nov.-e-hoEndia.

anf fbrv'T"'" ^^^^>f ,^°^^ ^^^ adjacent Tapuan Islands, to Ceram
and the Moluccas, Celebes and Plores. v.ciam

330 ctjculidyt;.

1. Scythrops novse-liollandise.

Psittaeeous Hornbill, PhUl. Vorj. Botany Bay, p. 165, pi. (1789).
Anomalous Hornbill, J. White, Journ. Toy. N, >S. Wales, p. 142,

pi. (1790).
Scythrops novse-liollandise, Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 141 (1790); lU.

Pradr. p. 204 (1811) ; VieiU. K. Diet. xxx. p. 456 (1819) ; Bonn.

S,- Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1427 (1823); Temm. PI. Col. 200

(1824) ; Vieill lS- Oud. Gal. Ois. i. p. 27, pi. 39 (1825) ; Vig. ^•

Horxf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 306 (1826) ; Less. Man. Orn. ii.

p. 128 (1828) ; id. Traite, p. 128, pi. 23. fig. 1 (1831) ; Lafi: May.

Zool. 1835, Ois. pi. 37; Kiister, Orn. Atlas, pt. 15, pi. 4 (1838);

Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 461 (1845) ; Gould, B. Austr. iv. pi. 90

(1848); id. Litrod. B. Austr. p. 08(1844) ; Echb. Voq. Neuholl. ii.

pp. 119, 309 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 97 (1850): id. Coiisp. Vol.

Zyyod. p. 4 (1854) ; Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 147 ; Grai/, P. Z. S.

1860, p. 359; Cab. Sr Heine, Miis. Hein. iv. p. 56 (1862); Wall.

P. Z. S. 1863, p. 482 ; Bosenb. Natiirh. Tijdsch: Kederl. Ind.

XXV. p. 229 (1863); id. J. f. 0. 1864, p. ll7 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-

Bas, Cuculi, p. 36 (1864) ; Finsch, Neu-Gidnea, p. 159 (1865) ;

Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 628 (1865) ; Bosenb. Beis. naar

Zuidoo.s^fereil. p. 82 (1867) ; Gray, Uand-l. B. ii. p. 221, no. 9078

(1870): Wald. Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 51 (1872); Bosenb. Beist.

naar Geelvinkb. p. 0 (1875) ; S'alvad. i^- d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.

vii. p. 813 (1875) ; Bamsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. y. S. Wales, i.

p. £94 (1876) ; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 374 (1876);

Sha>-pe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 492 (1878) ; Bamsay, Pr.

Linn. Sue. ]\^. S. Wales, \u. p. 258 (1878); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ.

Gen. xiii. p. 462 (1878), xiv. p. 614 (1879) ; Bamsay, Pr. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, iv. p. 90 (1879) ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 13 ;

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. pp. 628, C86 (1879) ; Sclat.

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 447; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 67; Sahad. Orn.

Papuasia etc i. p. 372 (1880): Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool.

xvi. p. 428 (1882); Finsch, Viiy. Siidsee, p. 16 (1884j; Meyer,

Sitzb. nat. Gesellsch. Isis, 1884, Suppl. i. p. 18 : Guilleni. P. Z. S.

1885, p. 549 ; Blasius, Zcitschr. yes. Orn. ii. p. 200 (1885) ;

Bamsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 15 (1888) ; Sahad. Agy. Orn.

Papuasia, p. 52 (1889).
Australian Channel-Bill, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 90, pi. 124 (1801) :

id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 300, pi. 32 (1822).
Scytlirops australasifp, Shaw. Gen. Zool. viii. p. 378, pi. 50 (1811);

Steph. op. cit. xiv. p. 95 (1820).
Scythrops goerang, Vieill. N. Diet. xxx. p. 456 (1819) ; Vieill. Enc.

Meth. p. 1427 (1823).
Scythrops australis, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 299 (1837).
Cuculus prffisagus, Beinw. MS., fide Bp. Consp. i. p. 97 (1850).
Scythrops novse-hoUandiae, var. prsesagus, Briiyg. Abhandl. nat.

Ver. Brem. v. p. 56 (1876).

Adult male. Entire head and neck imiform pearl-grey ; remainder
of the upper parts darker olive-grey, ■with broad bro-wnish-Llack ends
to all the feathers of the back and wings, giving a rather irregular
mottled appearance to these parts ; tail with a broad subterminal
brownish-black bar and a white end, very narrow on the two
centre feathers and broader on the remainder ; body greyish white,
slightly paler than the throat and with traces of broad bauds on the

18. CKNTROPrS.

331

sides, always most distinct on the tliiglis and under tail-coverts;
these bars vary in intensity with oge, being darkest in the youngest
birds and occasionally black on the thighs and under tail-coverts ;
tail beneath paler than above, and with alternate broad white and
black notches on the inner webs of the feathers ; under wing-coverts
greyish white, sometimes with partial grey bars; under surface
of the quills pearl-grey, with broad brownish-bhack ends to the
feathers : " orbits and lores scarlet ; bill light yellowish horn-
colour ; feet olive-brown "' {Gould). Total length 25 inches, culmen
4, wing 14, tail 11, tarsus 1-7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male.

Hah. Australia, Xew Guinea, Duke of York Island and New
Britain, Ke Islands, Ceram, Bouru, Obi, Batchian, Ternate, Celebes,
and Florcs.

rt. Ad. St. Australia. A. Cuuninohani,Esq.

[P.]. ^
h. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Australia. Forbes Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Australia. Tweeddale Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Australia. Hume Coll.

/, (J. Ad. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll.

h. Ad. sk. Port Denisou, Queensland. Seebohm CoU.

i, k. Ad. sk. Cape York {J. T. C'ocherdl). Salvin-Godman Coll.

/. Ad. sk. ^'.W. Australia. J. II. Elsey,Es(i.[P.].

m. Juv. St. Xew Britain. Purchased.

n. Ad. sk. Duke of York Island. Kev. G. Brown [C.].

0, ;j. Ad. sk. Port Alovesbv. Seebohm Cull.

q. Ad sk. Ceram {A. li. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

r. Ad sk. N. Ceram. Wallace Coll.

»•, t. Ad. sk. Batchiau. Wallace Coll.

It. Ad.sk. QA^ihes, {Von llosenherg) . Salvin-Godman Coll.

v, w. (S 2 ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.

.V. 2 ad. sk-. -Makassar. Wallace Coll.

y. d ad. sk. Makassar {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

Subfiimily II. CENTROPODIN/K.

ly. CENTROPUS.

Type.

Centropus, ///. rrodr. p. l'0-5 (1811) 0. senegalensis.

Polophilus, Leach, Zool. Miscell. i. p. llo, pis. 46, 51,

b-1, 50 (LS14) C. phasianus.

Corydouyx, J leill. Analyse, p. 28 (ISIG) C. toulou.

Ceutrococcyx, Cab. S,- Heine, JIus. Hein. iv. p. 100

(It^^'^) C. viridis.

Pyrvhocentor, Cab. ^. c. p. 117 C. celebeusis.

Neaoceutor, Cab. t. c. p. 118 C. milo.

liawje. The whole of Tropical Africa, ranging into the Nile
Delta ; Madagascar ; Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, ranging eastwards
into China, and south through the entire Malayan archipelago to
the Papuan Islands and Australia.

332 cucTTTjn.T-;.

Key to the Species.

a. "Wings not rufous.

«'. Neck -white.

a". Colour more blue ; bead white, with some

black on crown ateralhus, p. 334.

b". Colour more green ; head entirely white, milo, p. 335.

v. Neck black like the head and body.

c". With a white speculum on the winof .... goliath, p. 335.

d". With no white speculum on the wing.

«'". Bill yellowish.

a** Colour greenish black menebiki, p. 336.

6*. Colour bluish black, with no shade

of green aruensis, p. 337.

b'". Bill black.

e^. Plumage violet or blue-black.

«'. Larger : wing 9-6 inches ; with a

more violet gloss violaceus, p. 337.

6'. Smaller : wing 8'2 inches ; with a

bluish gloss chalybeus, p. 337.

d^. Plumage greenish black.

e'. Plumage uniform, not marked with

brown.

6 1 .„•'-- n • 1 ( bernsteini, p. 388.

(r. Larger: wing /-o-O inches . . < •■ . '*^ ooa
'^ ° I spiloptents, p. o<J8.

h^. Smaller : wing 6'2 inches viindorenm, p. 388.

d'\ With some brown on the plumage

c". Size smaller : wing 8 to 9 inches.

Wing blacker ; under surface

very slightly barred nigricans, p. 339.

d'"'. Size larger ; wing 10'5 inclies.
Wings strongly barred vnih
rufous and buff, equally so

above and below phasiamis, p. 340.

h. Wings rufous.

c'. Ile.ad, neck, and underparts black.

e". Bill green ; head and neck purple chlororhi/ncJni.'', p. 342.

/". Bill black or nearly so.

c'". Under wing-coverts black. No seasonal
change of plumage.
e'^. ^^'ings paler : dark parts bluer, par-
tially shaded with blue or violet.
e'\ Smaller : wing about G inches .... reciumpiis, p. 343,
f\ Larger : wing over 7 inches.
e''. Wings brighter ; dark parts less

shaded with violet sinensis, p. 343,

/*. Wings duller ; head, neck, and
body entii'ely glossed with

violet pwpureus, p. 348.

/*. Wings darker; dark parts greener,
with no shade of blue ; wing from

6 to 6'o inches viridis, p. 349.

d'". Under wing-coverts rufous. Two very
distinct seasonal plumages.
(/*. Wings darker ; under wiug-coverts

occasionally mottled with black . . touloii, p. 350,

18. CENTRoprs. 333

A*. Win(>;3 paler, with uo trace of black
on the under wing-coverts.
(j\ Bill slightly longer, and not quite
so black.
(f. Mantle brig'hter rul'ous, the blue-
black of the hind neck con-
trasting sharply with it hengalensis, p. 352.

M'. Mantle duller, the dull greenish
brown of the head and back of
neck passing imperceptibly into

the colour of the mantle javanicus, p. 354.

h'\ Bill shorter and uniform black . . niyrorufas, p. 357.
d'. Head, neck, and underparts not entirel}'
black.
u". Tail black.

e". Abdomen not black.
«'. Throat black.

P. Abdomen chestnut. Size smaller . epomidis, p. 357.
k^. Abdomen whitish. Size larger . . leucoyastcr, p. 358.
/c'. Throat pale like the breast.

P. Underparts isabelline or rufous
but!.
t°. Larger : wing about 8 inches . . an-selli, p. 35U.
k''. Smaller : wing about 7 inches. . Jisclwri, p. 359.
m'. Underparts white or nearh* so.
l''. Larger : upper half of the head
and back of neck blue, bluer

than the tail monachus, p. 359.

w''. Smaller; upper half of head and
back of neck not bluer than the
tail.
a'. Lower back, upper tail-coverts,
and tail uuiform greenish
black (in adults) ; no buff
shaft-stripes on the mantle;
no white ends to the tail-
feathers seneycdensU, p. 300,

b'. Lower back, upper tail-coverts,
and basal third of tail nar-
rowly barred with buff; with
white shaft-stripes on tlie
mantle, and with white ends
to the tail-feathers.
fi'. Crown blacker and greener
eyebrow, when present,
never entire ; white shaft-
stiipes on mantle less nu-
merous and not edged with
black ; black streaks and
bars on the underparts

almost absent naialeiisi.s, p. 302.

i\ L^pper half of the head
brown, with an entire

broad white eyebrow .... superciliosu<, p. 303,
/"'. Ab.lom-Mi bla;k melanops, p. 3i>5.

334

h". Tail not black.

(/". Head, neck, and breast buff, contrast-
ing with the wings.
/'. Tail of same shade of chestnut as the

wino' ceJehemis, p. 365.

■in\ Tail chestnut like the wings andamanensis, p. 366.

h'". Entire plumage nearly uniform rufous, unirufus, p. 367.

1. Centropus ateralbus.

Centropus ateralbus, Less. Fenis<. Bidl. S'c. Nat. vli. p. 113 (1826) ;

vl. Vol/. Coq., Zool. i. pt. 1, p. 348, pt. 2, p. 620, pi. 34 (1828) ; id.

Man. Oni. ii. p. 121 (1828); id. Traitc, i. p. 137 (1831); id.

Hist. Nat. Mamm. ct Ois. p. 2.31, pi. 18. fig. 1 (1837) ; Graij,Gen. B.

ii. p. 455 (1846) ; Bp. C'rmsp. i. p. 108 (18.j0) ; Pucker. Rev. et May.

Zoul. 1852, p. 475 ; Bp. Cmsp. Vol Zyqnd. p. 5 (1854) ; Gray,

Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 35 (1859) ; Sclat. P. Z. <S'. 1869, p. 122 ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214. no. 8981 (1870) ; Wald. Tr. Linn. Soc. viii.

p. 56 (1872); ScJ. P.Z.8. 1877, p. 106, 1878, p. 289; Finsch,

P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 17 ; Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 300 ; Trisfr. J6m, Isrf,

p. 143 ; Finsc/i, Vog. der Sitdsae, p. 16 (1884) ; North, Proc. Linn.

Soc. N. S. Wales, (2) ii. p. 444 (1887).
Nesocentor ateralbus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mas. Hein. iv. p. 119 (1862) ;

Cab. S) Reichen. J. f. O. 1877, p. 324 ; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ.

Gen. xiii. p. 462 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 384 (1880), iii.

p. 521 (1882) ; Salvad. Ayy. Orn. Papuasia, p. 52 (1889).

Adult. Head and entire throat white, with the forehead, a band
down the centre of the crown, and portion of the eyebrows black
(the amount of the black on the head varying greatly) ; remainder
of the plumage black, strongly glossed with violet-blue, with a large
white patch on the wing formed by the greater coverts : bill and
legs black, irides brown. Total length 21 inches, culmen 1-8,
wing 9, tail 11-2, tarsus 2.

Immatnre. Differs from the adult in the whole crown being
black with buff shaft-stripes and partial buff shaft-stripes on the
hind neck, upper back, and lesser wing-coverts. It has no white on
the wing nor breast, which latter is partially mottled with pale
brown bars. Total length 19-6 inches, culmen 1-6, wing 8, tail 12,
tarsus 2.

The amount of white on the plumage is very variable, being
sometimes absent from the wing, and frequently present in patches
on the breast, while partial or entire albinism is not uncommon.

Hab. Xew Ireland and New Britain.

Capt. Lambrick [P.].
Kev. G. Brown [C.J.
P. L. Sclater, Esq.

[P.1
Eev. Ct. Brown [C.].
Godeffroy Museum.

Tweeddale CoU.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

New Ireland.
New Ireland.

[New Ireland.]

d. S var. sk.

e,f. c??ad.;

c? juv. ; h.

ff-

6

Kabau, New Britain.
New 13ritain, July (Klein-
schmidf.) .

var. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

New Britain.

18. CENTROPUS. 335

2. Centropus milo.

Centropus milo, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 13G ; Gray, Cat. B. Trap.

Isl. p. ;34 (ISoO) ; ,SV/. P. Z. S. 18G9, p. 124 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 214, no. 8974 (1870) ; Bamsay, Pr. Limi. Sue. N. 8. Wales, iv.

p. m (1870) ; Tri.it r. Iljh, 1882, p. 143; Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.

N. S. Wales, vii. p. 21 (1882).
Nesoceutor milo. Cab. S,- Heine, Mas. Rein. iv. p. 120, note (1802) ;

Salrad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 403 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papuasia,

i. p. 385 (1880), iii. p. o21 (1882) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 191 ;

S/iarpe, in Gould's B. New Guin. iv. pi. 44 (1888) ; Salvad.

Ayy. Orn. Papuasia, 1889, p. 52.

Adult male. Head, neck, and chest buffy wliite : remainder of
the plumage black, strongly glossed with greenish blue : " iris red;
bill and legs black '"( Woodford). Total length 28 inches, culmen
2-5, wiug 10, tail 13-2, tarsus 2-8.

Youiuj. General plumage rufous, broadly barred with black, the
black predominating over the rufous on the head and neck. Total
length 2G inches, culmen 2-5, wing 9-2, tail lOS, tarsus 2-8.

Hah. Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago.

a. cJ imm. sk.

Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands,

J. McGillivray [C.].

Dec. 28.

(Type of species.)

b. J ad. ; c. 2

Guadalcanar.

Iieginald Tupper,

juv.sk.

Esq. [P.].

(/. 5 imm. sk.

Guadalcanar, May 0.

C. M. Woodford,
Esq. [P.].

3. Centropus goliath.

Centropus goliath, Bjk Consp. i. p. 108 (1850) {ex Forsten, MSS. in

Mtis. Liiyd.) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyqod. p. 5 (1854) ; Gray, P. Z. S.

1860, p. 359; Sc/il. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 61 (1864); id.

Dierent. p. 102 : Finsch, Xeu-Guin. p. 160(1865) ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 214, no. 8970 (1870).
Nesocentor goliath. Cab. 4- Heine, 3Ius. Hein. iv. p, 118 (1802) ;

Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 703 (1875), xiii. p. 462; id.

Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 382 (1880) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 566.

Adult. Black, strongly glossed with green and blue, the latter
colour more evident on the wings and tail ; a large white patch is
formed on the wings by the primary-coverts and the greater wing-
coverts : bill and legs black, iris red. Total length 26-5 inches,
culmen 2, wing 10-5, tail 16, tarsus 2*3o.

Iinuiaturc. Differs from the adult in having the head, neck, and
underparts brownish black, marked on the head and hind neck
with white shaft-stripes or triangular spots, while the underparts
are biu^rcd.

Ilab. Islands of Batchiau and Halmahera or Gilolo, in the
Aloluccas.

a. Ad. St. [Batchiau.] Old Coll.

b, c. $ ad. ; (/. Batchiau (A. B, WalUue). Tweeddale Coll.
Juv. sk.

336 CFCTILID.E.

e-h. Ad. ; i, k, I. Batchian (Mci/er). Seebolim Coll.

Imni. sk.

m. Jiiv. sk. Gilolo. Seebolim Coll.

71, o, p. Ad. sk. Gilolo (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.

q. 9 ad. sk. Gilolo, Oct. 26 {Leiden Salviu-Godmau Coll.

Museuni).

4. Centropns menebiki.

Centropus menbeki, Less, .y Garx. Voy. Coq., Zool. Atlas, pi. 33

(1826) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, do. 8977 (1870) ; Ramsay,

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 258 (1878), iv. p. 96 (1879).
Centropus menebikii, Garn. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. pt, 2, p. 600 (1828) ;

Less. ibid. p. 620 (1828).
Centropus menbikii. Less. Man. Orn. ii. p. 122 (1828) ; id. Compl.

de Buf., Ois. p. 620 (1838) ; S. Miill. Verh. Land- en Volkenk.

p. 22 (1839-44).
Centropus menebiki, Less. Traite, p. 137 (1831) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 4oo (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (18.50) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyt/od.

p. 5 (1854) ; Grai/, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195 (pt.) ; id. Cat. B. New

Gain. p. 43 (pt., 1859) ; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 159, 1861, p. 437 ;

Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 250 (1863); id.

J.f. O. 1864, p. 117.
Centropus menebeki, Sclat. Juiirn. Pr. Linn. S'oc. ii. p. 166 (1858) ;

ScJilei/. Mtis. Pai/s-Bu", Cuculi, p. 61 (1864) ; id. Nederl.

Tijdschr. V. Dier'k. iii. p. 339 (pt., 1866), iv. p. 11 (pt., 1871);

S/iarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xiii. pp. 81, 311 (1877), p. 491

(1878).
Nesocentor menbeki, Cab. ^ Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 119 (1862) ;

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 17 (1876).
Nesocentor menebeki, Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 783

(1875), X. p. 124 (1877); d'Alb. <S,- .Salvad. op. cit. xlv. p. 45

(1879) ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 625.
Nesocentor meuebik-i, Mei/er, Miftli. Zool. Mns. Dresd. i. p. 15

(1875) ; Salvad. Ann. Mii<. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 462 (1878) ; id. Orn.

Papuasia, i. p. 378 (1880) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 566 ;

Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, 1889, p. 52.

Adult. Black, strongly glossed with green ; biU yellowish,
shading into dark hom-colour towards the base ; iris red ; legs
dusky brown. Total length 24'o inches, culmen 1-2, wing 8-8, tail
14-7, tarsus 2-3.

JIab. New Guinea and the adjacent islands of Salwati, Jobi,
Mysol, and Eatanta.

a, b. Ad. sk. Mysol, June 9 {A. R. W.). Seebohm Coll.

c. (S ad. ; d. Juv. Dorev. Wallace CoU.

sk.

e-/. Ad. ; m, n,o. New Guinea. Wallace Coll.

Imm. sk.

p. Ad. sk. Port ^loiesby. Forbes Coll.

18. CKXTROPUS. 337

5. Centropus aruensis.

Contropus meuebiki («ec Gam.), Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 184, 185

(pt., Aiu) ; Jd. Cut. B. New Guin. p. 43 (pt., 1859) ; id. P. Z. 6.

18G1, p. 437, pt. ; Sc/il. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 339 (pt.,

186(3), iv. p. 11 (pt., 1871).
Nesocentor aruensis, ISahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 317 (1878),

xiii. p. 462 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 380 (1880).

Adult. Similar in plumage to 0. vienihiki, but differs in having a
strong bluish-violet gloss on the upper half of the head, back of the
neck, wings and tail. Total length 2.5 inches, culmen 2, wing b"9,
tail 14'5, tarsus 2-2.

Hah. Aru Islands.

a. Juv. sk. Batchiau. Wallace Coll,

b. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.

(Type of the species.)

c. (S imui. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
^. Ad. sk. Aru Islands (.l.i?. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
e,f. Ad.; (j,h,i. ..iru Islands (/. T. Cockerell), Sal vin-Godman Coll.

Imm. sk.

6. Centropus violaceus.

Centropus sp., Less. Traite, p. 138, note (1831).

Coucal violet, Quoy i!f Gaim. Voy. AstroL, ZooL, Atlas, pi, 19 (183,3) .

Centropus violaceus, Q(^oy i^- Gaim., Voy. AstroL, ZooL i. p. 299 (18-30) ;

Less. CompL Buff., Ois. ix, p. 251, pi. 18. fig. 2 (1838) ; Gray,

Gen. B. ii. p. 455 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (1850) ; id. Consp.

VoL Z>ir,od.\xr:> (1854): Gray, Cat. B. Trap. LsL p. 35(1859);

liosenh. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. p. 230 (1863); id. J.f. O.

1864, p. 117 ; Finsc/i, Neu-Guin. p. 160(1865) ; Gray, Iland-L B.

ii. p. 214, no. 8975 (1870); ScL P. Z. -S'. 1877, p. 106; Layard,

Ibis, 1880, p. 300.
Nesocentor violaceus. Cab. if- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 120 (1862) ;

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cii: Gen. xiii. p. 402 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papuasia,

p. 381 (1880).

Adult. Black, strongly glossed aU over with violet. Bill black ;
bare skin round the eyes red ; legs brownish yellow. Total length
24"o inches, culmen 2-o, wing 9*6, tail 15, tarsus 2-5.

Hah. New Ireland and N"ew Britain.

rt. S ad. sk. Xew Britain, Feb. 1876 {G. Brown). Tweeddale Coll.
b. $ ad. sk. Blanche Bay, Xew Biitain (G. E. Seebohm Coll,

Richards).

7. Centropus chalybeus.

Centropus violaceus {nee QuoyS)- Gaim.),Schl. Ned. Tijdschr. v. Dierk.

iv. p. 12 (1871) ; Sharpe,Journ. LJnn. Soc, Zoo/, xiii. p. 81 (1876).
Nesocentor violaceus, Mei/er, Mitth. ZooL Mus. Dresd. i. p. IG

(1875).
Centropus sp., Beccart, Ann. Mas, Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715, (1875) ; td,

Ibis, 1876, p. 253.

VOL. XIX. Z

338 CUCULID.'E.

Nesoceutoi' clialybeus, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 915
(1875) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 106 : Skarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xiii. p. 81 (1877) ; Salvad. Ann. Mua. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 462 (1878) ;
id. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 382 (1880).

Adult male. General plumage violet-shaded blue-black, duller and
less violet on the lower back and upper tail-coverts and abdomen ;
iris red : bare skin round the eye, bill, and legs black. Total length
2j! inches, culmen 1*95, wing 10, tail 11'2.5, tarsus 2"1.

Hub. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink,

8, Centropus bernsteini *.

Centropiis bernsteini, Schl. Ned. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. iii. p. 251

(1866), iv. p. 11 (1871) ; S/iarpe, Joarn. Linn. Sue, Zuol. xiii.

p. 81 (1876).
Nesocentor bernsteini, Meyer, Jlitth. Zool. Mus. Drcsd. i. p. 17, note

(1875).
Centropus spilopterus, pt., 8harpe, Journ. Linn. S'oc, Zool. xiii.

p. 81 (1876).
Polophilus bernsteini, Saload. Ann. Mus. Civ. Got. xiii. p. 403 (1878) ;

d''Alb. ^- Salvad. op. cit. xiv. p. 40 (1870) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia,

i. p. 388 (1880).

Adult. Entirely black, with a strong greenish gloss, and glossy
black shafts to the feathers of the top of the head, neck, mantle, and
chest. Bill and legs black ; iris dirty whitish. Total length 18-5
inches, culmen 1'45, wing 7'5, tail 10*7, tarsus 1'75.

Hah. Now Guinea.

a. .Vd. ; b. 1mm. sk. New Guinea. Wallace Coll.

0. Centropus spilopterus.

Centropus spilopteru?, Gray, P. Z. S. Is5^, p. 184 ; id. Cat. B. New

Guin. p. 43 (1859; ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 ; Schl. Ned. Tijdschr.

V. Dierk. iii. p. 338 ( 1866) ; HosenO. Pels, naar Zuidoostereil.

p. 82 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8078 (1870); Schl.

Ned. Tijdschr. v. JDierk. iv. p. 11 (1871) ; Sharps, Journ. Linn.

Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 81 (1878, pt.) ; Rosenh, Malay. Archip. p. 371

(1878) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 463 (1878), xiv.

p. 045 (1879).
Nesocentor spilopterus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Itein. iv. p. 120, note

(1862).
Polophilus spilopterus, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 386 (1880).

Immature male {Ke Island). Brownish black, with broad glossy
black shafts to the feathers of the head, neck, and chest ; on the
wings some of the feathers irregularly mottled with buff, indicating

♦ Le Coucal negre, Levaill Ois. Afr. v. p. 84, pi. 322 (1806).

Pulopliilus maurus, Stcph. Gen. Zool. is. p. 67 (1815).

Oeutropus tetbiops, Cue. Seyiic Ah. i. p. 426 (1817).

Cor^doiiix iiigorrimus, VieiU. Xouv. Vict xxxiv. p. 297 (1819).
The figure of Levaillaiit's "Coucal negre" .somewhat resembles Centropus
bernsteini. but the account of its habits is fabulous.

18. CENTKOPUS. 339

bars : bill and legs blackish brown. Total length :^1 inches, cul-
men 1-05, Aving !J-1, tail 12-4, tarsus 2-1.
Hah. Ke Islands.

a. (S vix ad. sk. Iv6 Islands. Wallace Coll.

(Type uf species.)

10. Centropus mindorensis.
Centrococc3'x mindorensis, 'Steere, List Bird's Sf Mamm. Steere

Edpvd. Philipp. p. 12 (1890).
Centropus mindorensis, ILiricrt, Kat. Voij. Mus. Senckenb., App.

p. 253 (1801).

Adult male. Similar in plumage to Gentropus benisteini, but differs
in having the bill scarcely more than half the size, the ciilmcn more
curved, with a groove following the line of the culmcn in front of the
nostril: " biU black, paler towards the tip ; legs black ; iris bright
dark red '' (J. B. Steere). Total length 17 inches, culmen l-lo,
wing G"2, tail O'?, tarsus I'o.

The specimen has a few white feathers on the front of the chest,
probably due to albinism.

Hah. Island of Mindoro, Philippines.

a. d ad. sk. Calapan, Mindoro, E. L. Moseley, Esq. [C]

May 28.

11. Centropus nigricans.

Polophilus sp., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 813 (1875).
Polopbilus nigricans, Saliad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 17 (1870),

xiii. p. 403 (1878) ; id. Orn. Papuuda, i, p. 390 (1880).
Centropus melanurus (nee Gould), Ram-^ay, Pr. Linn. 6'oe. N. S,

IFrt^fs, i, p. 394 (187G).
Centropus nigricans, Skarpv, Journ. Linn. <S'of., Zool. xiv. p. 029 (1879).
Ceuti'opus spilopterus (nee Gray), Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool.

xiii. pp. 81, 310 (1877), 491 (1878) ; Ramsay, Pr, Linn. Soc.

N. S. W. iii. p. 258 (1878), iv. p. 9G (1879) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1879,

p. 321.

Adult nude (Y id c Island). Differs from C. spilopterus \nh.a.x\\i^
tlie mottling on the wing slightly more pronounced and browner,
and the upper tail-coverts and two centre tail-fealhers marked
with irregular brownish-buff bars. Total length 23"2 inches, culmen
1-45, wing y, tail 13'3, tarsus 2. Another, from Fort Moresby,
ditiers in having every feather of the wing marked with distinct
wavy pale bars, mostly butf on the coverts and outer webs of the
quills, and bright chestnut on the inner webs of the latter ; most of
the glossy shafts of the feathers of the mantle are buif, and the upper
tail-coverts and most of the tail-feathers are irregularly barred, the
latter having narrow white ends. Total length 20-5 inches, culmen
1-45, wing 8-2, tail 12-0, tarsus 1*9, A specimen from S.E. New
Guinea has the upper part of the head, back of the neck, and scapu-
lars rufous-brown partially mottled with black concentric bars, all
these feathers as well as those of the mantle, throat, and chest have
glossy buff shaft-stripes : the wings and tail are very similar to

z2

340 ctJcrLiDJ5,

those of the last specimen, but the pale markings are rather
stronger and more marked on the ends of the quills and outer
tail-feathers ; the eyebrows and the underparts are buff, the latter
rather irregularly mottled and barred with black, especially on the
tail-coverts ; under surface of the wing black, with a few partial
narrow bars showing through. Total length 23*6 inches, culmen
1-55, wing 9-4, tail 14*2, tarsus 2-1.
Ilah. .South-eastern Xew Guinea.

a. S ad. sk. East Cape, New Guinea. C. Hunsteiu [C.].

h. Ad. ; c. Imm. sk. S.E. New Guinea. Seebohm Coll.

d. J ad. sk. Yule Island, S.E. New Seebohm Coll.

Guinea, Nov. {Dr.

James).
^)f- cJ $ ad. sk. Sogere district, Astrolabe 11. O.Forbes, Esq. lC.].

range, Sept.
g, h. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. Seebohm Coll.

i, A;. Ad.; /.Imm. ftk. Port Moresby. Forbes Coll.

m. S ad. sk. Port Moresby, Dec. i^Li: Tweeddale Coll.

0. Finsch).

11. Centropus phasianus.

Cuculus phasianus, LafJi. Ind. Orn. ii. Suppl. p. 30 (1801).

Coucal geant, Lvvaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 64, pi. 'i2'?> (180(3) ; Sundev.
Krit. Framst. om LevaUl. p. 49.

Polophilus phasianus, Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. IIG, pi. 46 (1814) ;
Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 48, pi. 11 (1815) ; Cab. 4- Heine, Miis.
Hein. iv. p. 121 (1862).

Polophilus variegatus. Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 116, pi. 51 (1814) ;
Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 47, pi. 10 (1815).

Polophilus leucogaster, Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 117, pi. 52 (1814) ;
Steph. Gen. Zool. Lx. p. 49, pi. 12 (1815).

Polophilus gigas, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 45 (1815).

Centropus phasianus, Tenim. Man. Orn. i. p. Ixxiv (1815) ; Fit/.
c^- Horsf. Tr, Linn. Sue. xv. p. 306 (1824) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv.
p. 214 (1826) ; Gould, Intr. B. Austr. p. 68 (1848) ; id. B. Aiistr.
iv. pi. 92 (1848) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 78 ( 1849) ; Bj).
Consp. i. p. 108 (1850) ; Beichb. Voy. Neuholl. ii. pp. 118, 310
(1850) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854) ; Sold. Mus. Pays-
Bus, Cuculi, p. 03 (1864) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. 1. p. 634
(1865); Grail, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8982 (1870) ; Rnmsay,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 601 ; Forbes, P. Z.S. 1878, p. 125 ; id. Bep. Voy.
' Challenger,' ii. p. 90 (1880) ; SharjK, Toy. 'Alert,' p. 25 (1884);
Bamsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 15.

Corydonix phasianus, Vieill. N. Diet, xxxiv. p. 295 (1819).

Corydonix giganteus, Vieill. t. c. p. 295.

Corydonix variegatus, Vieill. t. c. p. 298,

Centropus variegatus, Vig. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 214 (1824) ;
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 214 (1826) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 455
(1846).

Centropus gigas, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 214 (1826).

Centropus macrourus, Gould, Introd. B. Austr. p. 68 (1848) ; id. B.
Austr. iv. text to pi. 92 (1848) ; Beichb. Vog. Neuholl. ii. pp. 119,

18. fENTROPTTS. 841

;310 (IS.jO) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. lO.-s (1850) ; Gould, Ilandb. B.Aiistr
i. p. 636 (1865) ; Grm/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8983 (1870).

C'eiitropu.s inelanurus, Goidd, Intr. B. Austr. p. 68 (1848) ; id. B,
Austr. iv. text to pi. 92 (1848) ; Beichh. Vog. Keuholl. ii. pp. 119,
310 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (1850); Graxi, Hand-l. B.il
p. 214, no. 8984 (1870) ; Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,
(2) ii. p. 170 (1887).

Polophilus melaniinis. Cab. lS'- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 121 (1862).

Adult male in hreeding-pluinuge. Head, neck, and entire under-
parts black glossed with green and with glossy shaft-stripes to the
feathers : wings chestnut, barred with black and buff; the wing-
coverts and innermost secondaries with distinct white shafts : back
brownish black glossed with green ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and
tail glossj- greenish black, with numerous irregular bars of rufous,
buff, or white : under surface of the quills chestnut with partial
black bars, broadest at their ends : under wing-coverts very similar
but more buff: "bill horny black, iris rich golden yellow ; legs
slate-colour " {F. T. Gregory). Total length 23-3 inches, culmen 1-6,
wing 10-4, tail 14-5, tarsus 2.

Adult male in non-hreeding plumage. Upper half of the head and
back of the neck chestnut, with buff shaft-stripes to each feather,
mottled towards the mantle with some narrow wavy black bars :
wings, when closed, buff crossed by irregular bars of rufous, each of
which is encircled by a broad black margin ; the inner webs of the
quills and their shafts mostly rich chestnut ; back dusky brown ;
rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail similar in all plumages, glossy
greenish black with numerous irregular fulvous bars ; underparts buff
with stiff glossy fulvous shafts to the feathers of the throat and chest ;
sides of the body and the thighs narrowly barred with black, and
the under tail-coverts black, narrowly barred with buff : bill ashy
brown, passing into yellow beneath ; iris orange ; legs slate-colour.
Total length 22-5 inches, culmen 1-G, wing 9-5, tail 12-7, tarsus 2.

Hah, Australia.

a, b. Ad. ; c, d. Australia. Tweeddale Coll.

Imm. sk.

e, f, (J. Ad. ; /;. Australia. Seebohm Coll.

Tmm. sk.
i, I: Ad. sk. Australia, April 23 (F. T. Gould Coll.

Grcgori/),

I. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould CoU.
m,n. Ad. .<!k. Richmond Eiver, New South Seebohm CoU.

Wales.

0. 1mm. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll.

/;. Imm. sk. Port MoUe, Queensland Voy. of H.M.S.

(Dr. Coppinger). ' Alert.'

q. Imm. sk. ^Moreton Bay, Aug. J. R. Elsey, Esq.!"P.].

r,s. Imm.sk. Percy Islands, July {F. Voy. of H.M.§.

M. Bagner), ' Herald.'

t, n. Ad.; v. w. Somerset, Cape York Tweeddale Coll.

Imm. sk. (Coclierell ^- Thorpe).

X. Ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll.

y. $ imm. sk. Cape York. Vov. of H.M.S.

' Challeno-er.'

342

s, «', b'. Inim. ; c' ,

d'. Ad. sk.
c'. 5 iniQi- sk.

/'. S fid. ; r/', /<', i.

S 2 imm. sk.
k'. $ ad. ; /'. Imm.

sk.
m'. Ad. ; n, o'.

Imm. sk.
7>'. Imm. st.
q'. Ad. ; »•', s', <'.

Imm. sk.
u', v'. 2 imm. sk.

w'. Skeleton.
.?■'. Skeleton.

CTJCFLTBJE.

Cape York (J. T. C'ockerelT).

Possession Island, Endeavom-

Strait {Dr. Copjnnger).
Northern Australia.

Port Essiugton (J. B. Jukes),

Port Essington.

N.W. Australia.
N.W. Australia.

N.W. Australia^ T. II. Boxmjer

Bower).
Port Essington.
Port Essington.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

A^oy. ot H.M.S.

' Alert.'
Tweeddale Coll.

Voy. of H.M.S.

'Fly.'
Capt. Chambers [P.].

Sir G. Grey_[P.].
J. R.Elsey,Esq. [P.].

Capt. Bowyer Bower

Purchased.
Eyton Coll.

12. Centropus chlororhynchus.

Centropus chlororhynchus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Bemj. xviii. p. 805 (1849) ;
id. Cat. B. 3hi.<!. A.i. Soc. p. 78 (1849) ; Gray, Gen. B. iii. App.
p. 22 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 128 (1852) ; Bp. Consp. Vol.
7A)(jod. p. 5 (1854) ; Layard, Ann. ^' Mag N. H. xiii. p. 450
(1854) ; Schl. Mus. Patjs-Bas, Cuculi, p. 64 (1864) ; B/yth, IMs,
1867, p. 298 ; Gray, Hund-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8968 (1879) ; Holds-
worth, P.Z.S. 1872, p. 4:i.3; leyge, B. C'f4//o»i, i. p. 263, pi. 13
(1879).

Centrococcyx chlororhynchus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Ilciii. iv. p. 116.
note (1862); Hume,' Sir. F. viii. p. 82 (1879).

Adult male. Wings deep chocolate, shaded with chestnut, slightly
darker on the innermost feathers and with the ends of the quills
dark brown ; under wing-coverts black ; remainder of the plumage
black, glossed on the back of the head and the whole of the neck
with lilac-purple ; back almost without glo.'fs ; tail glossed with
greenish blue : " bill pea-green, blackish round the nostrils and
base of lower mandible ; iris dark crimson ; legs black "' (Lerjf/e).
Total length 17 inches, culmeu I'S, wing 6-3, tail 9'3, tarsus 1"7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 17
inches, culmen 1-8, wing 6-8, tail 9'4, tarsus 1-8.

Hob. Ceylon.

a-r. c? 2 ad. ; s, Ceylon, March, April (H. Tweeddale Coll.

Juv. sk. Nevill).

t. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Hume Coll.

II. S ad. sk. Eatnapura, Aug. 11. Colonel he^ge [P.].

V. c? ad. sk. Kandv, June. Seebohra Coll.

w. $ ad. sk. Pusewella, Dee. 18 (-S'. Tweeddale Coll.

Chajmum).
a: c? ad.sk. Avisawella, July 8 (W. Hume Coll.

V. Ley ye),
y, z. (S ad. sk. Avisawella, July ( W, V. Seebohm Coll.

Leyge).
a'.(S ad.sk. Ilanwella, March ( W. V. Seebohm Coll,

Leyge).

IS. f'lONTROPlTS. 343

13. Centropus rectunguis.

Centvopu8 rectunguis, Strickl. P. Z. S. 184G, p. 104 ; Bti/fJi, Cat. B

Mus. As. Soc. p. 321 (1849) ; Sfricld. Ann. ^- Mag. N. II. xix.

p. 134 (ISoO) ; Schl. Mks. Pnijs-Bas, Cuculi, p. 67 (pt., 18C4) ;

Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 213, no. 8058 (1870) ; Snelleman,in Veth's

Midden Sumatra, Voc/. p. 34 (1884).
Centrococcyx rectunguis, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Ilein. iv. p. 114 (1862) ;

Hume, Sfr. F. xiii. p. 55 (1879) ; Bilttikofer, Notex Leiiden Mm,

1886, p. 32.

Adult. Upper back and wings chestnut, with the under wing-
coverts black ; remainder of the plumage black, brightly glossed with
green on the head, back, and lower breast and with bhie on the
neck, chest, and tail: "bill and legs black; iris red" (Davison).
Total length 14-6 inches, culmen 1-65, wing 6, tail 7'5, tarsus 1'7.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the head and neck
brown ; the upper surface darker, consisting of rufous-brown and
black bars, and the under surface paler, being much barred with
buff and having stiff fulvous shaft-stripes ; a few narrow black bars
crossing some of the wing-feathers ; lower chest and abdomen
greenish black, mottled with narrow black bars; upper mandible
dark horn-colour, passing into yellowish buff on the lower man-
dible. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 6, tail 8-5,
tarsus 1*9.

Hah. The Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo,

a. Ad. sk. Penaug (i?. SwinJioe). Seebohm Coll.

h, c. Ad. ; d. Juv. sk. Malacca. Seebohm Coll.

e,f. Ad.; r/, //. Juv. Malacca (Dr. Maiiiffay). Tweeddale Coll.

sk.

/, I: Ad. : /. Imni. sk. Malacca, .July ( TV. Davi- Hume Coll.

son).

m. Ad. sk. Sarawak {H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

14. Centropus sinensis.

Polophilus sinensis, StepJi. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 51 (1815).

Centropus bubutus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. S'oc. xiii. p. 189 (1821) ; id.

Zool. Eeitearch. Java, pi. 60 (1824) ; Bp. Consp, Vol. Zijyod. p. 5

(1854).
Chestnut Concal, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. iii. p. 243, pi. 54 (1822j.
Centropus philippeusis, var. javanica, Horsf. Zool. Research, Java,

text to pi. 60 (1824).
Centiopus ca^tanopterus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 215 (1826) ;

Heifer, J. A. S. Beng. 1838, p. 802 ; Smith, op. fit. 1841, p. 658.
Centropus philippeusis [vcc Cur.), Si/kes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 98;

McClelland, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 166 ; Bltjtk, J. A. S. Bern/. 1842,

p. 1090, 1843, p. 246, 1844, p. 945, 1845, p. 202 ; -S'. Midi. Verh.

Land- en Volk. p. 405 (1839-44) ; Bhjth, Ann. S,- May. Nat. Hist.

1847, p. 385; id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 78 (1849) ; Layard, Ann.

Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 450 ; Motley S,- Dillivyn, Contr. Xat.

Hist.' Lahuan, p. 54 (1855) ; Irh,,, Ibis, 1861, p. 230; Scl. P. Z. S.

1863, p. 209.

344 CUCT7LIDJE.

Cuculiis philippensis, Sundev. Physiogr. Sallsk. Tijdskr. 1837, p. 167 ;
Strickl. Ann. 8,- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 401.

Centropus pyrrhopterus, Jerd. Madras Jour?), xi. p. 224 (1840).

Ciiculus fasciatus, Smith, J. A. S. Beng. 1841, p. 659.

Centropus sinensis, Bli/th, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 247 (1843), xiv.
p. 202 (1845) ; id. App. Cat. B. Mm. As. Hoc. p. xix (1852) ; Sidnh.
Ibis, 1861, p. 49 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8965(1870) :
Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 393; David ^- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 58
(1877) ; Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 230.

Centropus eurycercus. Say, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 551 (1845) ; Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 78 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5
(1854) ; Horsf. ^' Moore, Cat. B. M7(S. E.I. Co. ii. p. 685 (1856-
58) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 66 (1864) ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. ii. p. 212, no. 8963 (1870) ; Bh/th i,- Walden, Cat'. Mamm. S>-
B. Burma, p. 82 (1875) ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 288; Hume, Str.
F. V. p. 27 (1877) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 54 ; Snelleman, in
VetJi's Midden Sumatra, T'og.Tp. 34 (ISM); Biittik. Notes Leyden
Mus. 1886, p. 32.

Centropus nifipennis {nee III.), Bh/th, Ann. ^- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843,
p. 95; id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. pp. 321, xix (1849); Horsf. ^V
Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. ii. p. 681 (1856-58) ; Jerd. B. I'nd. i.
p. 348 (1862) ; Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 68 (1864) ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 213, no. 8961 (1870); Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 15;
Hume, Nests ^- Eqqs Ind. B. p. 142 (1873) ; id. Str. F. i. p. 173
(1873), Adams, i.' c. p. 374; Morgan, Ibis, 1875, p. 315; Blyth
Si" Walden, B. Burma, p. 81 (1875) ; Fairbank, Str. F. vi.
p. 255 (1876); Legqe, B. Ceylon, p. 260 (1880); Marshall, Ibis,

1884, p. 411. _

Centropus viridis (>iec Scop.), Sicinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 266; id. Ibis,

1870, p. 235.
Centropus borneensis, Bp. Cviisp. Vol. Zyc/od. p. 5 (1854) ; Gray

Hand-l. i. ii. p. 213, no. 8962 (1870).
Centrococcyx rufipennis, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 115(1862);

Ball, Str. F. in. p. 394 (1874) ; Fairbank, op. cit. vi. p. 297 (1877) ;

(1877) ; Davidson i.y Wenden, op. cit. vii. p. 79 (1878) ; Ball, t. c.

p. 207 ; Hu))ie, op. cit. viii. p. 89 (1879) ; Vidcd, op. cit. ix. p. 56

(1880) ; Butler, t. r. p. 389 ; Davison, op. cit. x. pp. 299, 361

(1881) ; A. Mull. J. f. O. 1882, p. 411 ; Swinh. ^- Barnes, Ibis,

1885, p. 64 ; A. Midi. J.f. O. 1885, p. 157.

Centrococcyx sinensis. Cab. 8)- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 116 (1862).

Centrococcvx eurvcercus, Cab. Sf Heine, 3Ius. Hein. iv. p. 110, note
(1862) ; ^Wald.'lbis, 1872, p. 366 ; Hume, Str. F. i. p. 453 (1873) :
Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 78 (1874) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. pp. 193, 473
(1874), iii. p. 83 (1875) ; Armstro>ig, op. cit. iv. p. 312 (1876) ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 8 ; Tweedd. P.' Z. S. 1878, p. 614 ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1379, p. 328 : Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 188
(1879) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 55 (1879) ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881,
p. 394; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; WardMv Ramsay, App.
Tiveedd. Orn. Works, p. 656 (1881) ; Blasius, J. f. 0. 1882, p. 247 ;
A. Mull. Orn. Ins. Salanga, p. 60 (1882) ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883,
p. 241; Blasius, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. p. 39(1883);
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 406; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.
iv. p. 533 (1887) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 198 : Everett, P. Z. S.
1889, p. 226 ; Hartert, J. f. 0. 1889, p. 372 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890,
p. 13 ; Whitehead, t. c. p. 46 ; Everett. Journ. Straits Branch As,
Soc. 1889, p. 175.

Centrococcyx validus, Heine, J. f. 0, 1863, p. 357.

18. CENTBOPUS. 345

Centrococcyx intermedius, Hume, Sfr. F. i. p. 454 (1873) ; id. ^•
Davison, op. cit. vi. p. 108 (1878) : Cripps, op. cit. vii. p. 26<i
(1878) ; Hume. op. cit. viii. pp. 89, 155 (1879) ; Bingham, op. cit.
ix. p. 1U9 (^1680) ; lieid, op. cit. x. p. 28 (1881) ; Oaten, f. c. p. 196;
id. Handb. B, Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 12tj (1683) ; iSalvad. Ann,
3Ius. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 583 (1887) ; id. op. cit. v. p. 5G9 (1888).

Centrococcyx maximus, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 454 (187'3).

Centropiis iuleimedius, Gates, Str. F. v. p. 145 (1877).

Centrococcyx acbeenensis, Hume, Str. F. vi. p. 171 (1878).

Adult male. General plumage black, with the wings and upper
back chestnut ; head, neck, and chest glossed with purplish blue ;
remainder of the body, lower back, upper tail-coverts, and tail
glossed witli purplish green ; primaries with brown ends ; inner
secondaries sliglitly tinted with broMii : under wing-coverts glossy
black : " bill and legs black ; iris crimson " (Davison). Total length
22 inches, culmcn l'G5, wing 8'8, tail 12';3, tarsus 2*3.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 20*o
inches, culmen 1*8, wing 8'3, tail 11-2, tarsus 2-2.

Immature. Plumage duller than in the adult and generally of a
greener shade ; sides of head and front of neck with bufly white
spots, increasing into bars on the body ; mantle, some of the wing-
coverts, and the innermost secondaries barred with black ; upper
tail-coverts uarrov/ly barred with buff; tail glossy greenish black,
with no blue shade.

It will be seen from the above synonymy that I have been unable
to satisfy myself respecting the alleged distinctions which have
induced ornithologists to recognize such a number of different
forms of this Lark-heeled Cuckoo. My experience of the large
series which is now in the possession of the British Museum
induces me to believe that there is no constant character, either in
plumage or in dimensions, which can be found available for the
separation of any of the alleged species ; on the contrary, a perfect
gradation both in size and coloration unites every so-called race.

Hah. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon ; Burmese Countries to China ;
Malayan Peninsula and Indo-Mulayan Islands.

a-e. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Seebohm Coll.

f-n. Ad. sk. Ceylon, Dec, March, April Tweeddale Coll.

(.S. Chapman cV H. yevili).

o,p. cJad.sk. Ragam Corale, Cevlon, Julv Hume Coll.

(Hart),

q. Ad. St. India. General Ilardwicke

[P.].

r. 5 ad. sk. Colachul, Feb. Hume Coll.

s, t. Ad. sk. Anjango, Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll.

{F. Bourdillon).

u. Ad. sk. Travancore. Eyton Coll.

v-a'. Ad. et Malabar. Seebohm Coll.

imm. sk.

b'. $ ad. sk. Coonoor Ghat, April Tweeddale Coll.

{.It. a. W. It).

^40

cvrvhW.T..

r'-k'. S ? ad.

sk.
/', m', n'. S f d. ;

o' , p'. 5 ad. sk,
q, r'. S 2 ad.

sk.
.<('. 2 ad. sk.

t', n', v'. cJ ad.

sk.
jv'. (S ad. sk,

.•!■', y', z'. Ad. sk.

a", h". Ad. sk.
r", rf". c? ad. ;

p". § ad. sk.
T'. 6 ad. ; <7-,

A", i". $ ad.

sk.
/c", I", m". Ad.

sk.
w". Ad. sk.
o",p". 6 ? ad.

sk.
J", r''. d ? ad.

sk.
s". S ad. sk.

t". Ad. sk.
u'', v". Ad. sk.
jt'". Ad. sk.
.r". Ad. sk.
y", z". Ad. sk.

rt'. 2 f»d.; i^.

,Iuv. sk.
c'^-P. c? ad. et

imm ; ni^, n^,

0^. 5 ad. sk.
p^. Imm. sk.
j3. Ad. sk.
r'\ $ ad. sk.
s^. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
?<3. 2 ad. sk.
v^, tv^. Ad. sk.
a-3-rt*. Ad. ; hK

Imm. sk.
c\ d\ e\ Ad. sk.
f. S juv. sk.
f/. Ad. sk.
)i\ Ad. sk.
i'-o^. Ad. ; j)'.

Imm. sk.
qi. Ad. sk.
>•'. Ad. sk.

Nilgliiris, Dec, March, April

( W. Davison).
Wynaad, March, April, May

(IF. Damson).
IMysore, May, Aug. ( W. D.).

Bangalore, April (H. G.

W. Ji.).
Belgaum, March, June, July

(K A. Butler).
South of Godavery river, March

( W. T. Blanford).
South Konkan, March, April

{G. Vidal).
Deccau (Sykes).
Khaudala, April (-S'. B. Fair-

banl;).
Ahmednuggur, Nov., Dec,

Jan., March (<S'. B. Fair-
hank).
Khandeish.

Satpura Hills, Feb.
Sumbalpur, Dec

Mhow, Not., Dec.

Manpur, May.

Kamptee.

Saugor (W. T. Hooper).

Sindh {Dr. H. Gould).

Sindh.

Sukkur, Sindh, Nov., Dec

{A. 0. R.).
Eastern Narra, Sindh, Oct.,

Nov. {Scrope Doiy).
Gurgaon di.str., March, May,

July, Nov. {W.N. Chill).

Dehra Dlioon, March.
Saharunpur {Br. Boyle).
Umbala, Feb. (Dr. Scott).
Kumaon {Strachey).
Kumaon.
Cawnpore, Jan.

Allahabad, Dec. (/. CockburnX
N.W. Provinces.

Oudh, Nov., Dec, Jan.

Eahimabad, Aug. {G. Beid),

Lucknow, March.

Behar.

Nepal.

Sikhim.
Darjiling.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume ColL
Hume Coll.

Colonel Swinhoe

Colonel Swinhoe

[P.].
Dr. B. Hinde [P.].
India Museum.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.
India ^luseum.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll,

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Colonel Way [P.].
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.

Hume Coll.
India Museum.

IS. f'KNTiiorrs.

•M7

N'. Ad. sic.

;!'-«•'. Ad. sJv.

.r',y'.Ad.; ~J.

I mm. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.
6% c\ Ad. sk.

d\ Ad. ; e'.

Imm. sk.
f-n'. c? ? ad.

sk.
0^. (J ad. sk.
p\ Ad. sk.
5^ c? ad. sk.
r\ c? ad. sk.

s5. Ad. ; <\ u\

Imm. sk.
2^^ w^, x'\ Ad. ;

y^-c". Imm.sk.
d". (S ad. sk.

e^' S ad. sk.

Z'-r". Ad. ; s\

Imm. sk.
<°, m", i;". Ad. :

W", 0.'", J/''.

Imm. sk.

s". d ad. sk.
a'', i". cS ad. sk.

c^ $ ad. sk.

(P. cS ad. sk.

e\ y ad. sk.

f' 2 juv. sk.

i^'. d ad. sk.

/«'. 5 juv. sk.

{'. 2 ad. sk.
7c", /", in', c? ad. ;
«", o''. 5 ad. sk.
y. $ ad. sk.

q''. 2 ad. sk.
r-wj". (5 5 ad.

sk.
«^ o^ Ad. sk.

i>', (f. 2 ad. sk.

r^ Ad. sk.

s^ Ad. sk.

Hiixa Doars, .Ian. (Z. 3/w(-

de/li).
Bhotau Doai's, Jan., Feb.,

:\Iaicli (L. 3IandeUi).
Assam (^McClelland).

Gai-o Hills.

N. Khasia IliUs, Feb. (A. W.

Chennell).
Cachar (.7. Imjlh).

Manipur, Feb., March, April
{A. O. H.). ^

Faridpm-, May (J. R. C'npp.s).

Dacca.

Calcutta (A. O. If.).

Mauubboom, Jan. (Ji. C.
Beav(ui).

Karen Hills, Aug. (H. G. W.

a.).

Tongboo, Jan., May, Aup-..

Sept. {B. G. W. H.).
Elephant Point, Jan. (J.

Armsfrojif/).
Borougho Is., March (J.

Arnistro)i(i).
Pegu, Dec, 'Jan.-Marcb, June.

Aug. {E. W. Gates).
Tbayetmyo, Dec-May (E. ]V.

Gates).

Kangoon, June (M. G. W. R.)
Pahpoon, Jan., Feb. ( W.

Davison).
Thoungsba Gyne P., March

{W.Davison).
Pabyouk, March ( W. I).).
Koliidoo, July.
Kaukaryit, July (J. Darlinr)).
Iluungthraw liiver, Feb. (W.

Limborg).
Myawaddy, Oct. (C. T. Bing-
ham).
Karope, March {W. Davison).
Amlierst, Jan., June, July

( W. Davison).
Jleeta Myo, April ( W. Davi-
son).
Yeaboo, Dec. (J. Darlim/).
Tavoy, Jan.-June ( W. Davi-
son).
-Mergui, June-Nov. {IF. Davi-
son).
Pakchan, Dec, Jan. {W. Davi-
son).
Siam (Sir li. Schatnbwgk).
Bangkok {MoitJtot)'.

Ilume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Cull.
Ilume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Major Bingham [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Ilume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume CoU,

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

348

CTJCULID^.

t\ Ad. sk.
?/*. Imm. sk.
v^-h\ S ad. ;

ad. sk.
f, g\ (S ad. sk.
h\ S ad. sk.
i\ k\ S 5 ad.

sk.
r>-oi Ad. ; ;/,

j". Imm. sk.
j'^. Imm. sk.
s". 2 imm. sk.

Cambodia (Mouhof). Tweeddale Coll.

SaigoD. M. E. Pierre [P.].

Kossoum, April, May, July (J. Hume Coll.
Darling).

f

J imm. si
cJ ad. sk.

t)«-(Z'°. Ad. et

imm. sk.
e'°. Ad. ; /",

(/'". Imm. sk.
h}°,i^\li'°. Ad.;

/w. Imm. sk.
ni"'-q^\ Ad. sk.
r", s^". d 2 ad.

sk.
i", m". Ad. sk.
^;l'', w^°. Ad. ;

ari". Imm. sk.
2/1°, z'^. Ad. ; «",

6", c^'. Imm.

sk.
r^ii. Ad. sk.
fill,/'. Ad. :.^/^

Imm. sk.
A^i. 9 ad. sk.
t'l'. Imm. sk.
7^1', Z". cJ$ ad.;

?w". 2 imm. sk
w'l. Bones of

trviuk.
oil. Skeleton.

Salang, March (/. Darling').
Tapraw, April (J. Darling).
Poongyah, July, Aug. {J.

Darling).
JIalacca, July ( W. Davison).

Malacca (Dr. Mningai/).

Pulo Seban, Oct. (TV. Da-
vison).

Kuroo, Nov. (XT'. Davison).

Aclieen, Sumatra, Feb. ( W.
Davison).

Sumatra, Sept., Oct.

Ijampong (D. C. Buxton).

Java.

Borneo.

Sarawak (A. II. Everett).

Labuan.

Puerto Princesa, Palawan,
Dec, Jan. (A. II. Everett).

Ningpo, Dec, Jan., March,
Aug.

Fokien.

Foochow, May, Sept. (i?.

Swijihoe).
Hongkong, April {It. S.).
Canton.
Hainan, Feb. [R. S.).

Nepal.

India.

Himie Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
(Type of C. acTieenensis.)
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Sir H. Low [C.I.
Tweeddale ColL

Consul Swinhoe [C.].

Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Hodgson Coll.

Purchased.

15. Centropus purpureus. (Plate XIII.)

Cuculus bubutus (nee Horsf.), Haffl. Trans. Linn. Sac. xiii. p. 280
(1820).

Adult. Head, neck, and body black, with broad glossy purplish
edges to all the feathers ; wings chestnut, inclining to rufous-bufl
on the lesser wing-coverts ; scapulars, innermost secondaries, and
back very dark brown, the remainder of the secondaries liroadly
edged with that coloiu, the primaries and gTcater wing-coverts with
broad ends of the same dark brown colour ; rump and upper tail-
coverts slightly glossed with purple ; tail dull blackish browu like

18. CENTEOPUS. 349

the inner half of the wings. Total length 18 inches, culmen 1-7
wmg 8-3, tail 9-G, tarsus 2a

A specimen of this very distinct species marked " Ccntropas piu-
pureus, was purchased many years ago from theLaugier Collection,
llie habitat attached to tlie specimen was " Mindanao," hut recent
explorers in that island have failed to re-discover the species, and
the locality is probably erroneous. I have found a second specimen
m the Museum from .Sumatra, obtained in that island by Sir S
Kafflcs and this is probably the correct habitat of the species. I
nave adopted the MSS. name of purimreus, though I cannot find that
it lias ever been mentioned in print.
llab. Sumatra.

tiff [Sumatra.] Laugier Coll.

0. Ad. sk. Sumatra (Sir S. Raffles). India Museum.

10. Centropus viridis.

^TmS)^''''^ ^^'^"tig'iaj ^onn, Voij. JVouv. (iuin. p. I2i, pi, 60

Cuculus viridis, Scoj). Del. Fl. Faun. Inmb. ii. p. 89 (1786)
Cuculus a^gyptius, Gm. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 420, vars. &, v (1788)
Coucou des Philippines, Buf. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 369 (1770) •
JDaichent. Fl. Enl. 824 (1783). v "^;,

Polophilus viridis, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 55 (1815)

Centrococcyx viridis. Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein, iv. p. HO note

%n>ft:, 4 't ^ '''■'■\9"^^>Wr; h. p. 15 (1880;; Wurdlaw
jTf,' {^$ TweecklalesOrn. IMs, p. G58 (1880); Katter,
T- Vi> \ . i'.^- ^'''' ^^'^'H'^^mai-d, F. Z. 8. 1885, p. 257- Steere
List Birds ^- Mamm. Steere Exped. Fhilipp. p. 12 (1890). '

Adah male. Genei'al plumage glossy greenish black, \Mth the

v;th:tt:;^"l"'"1^^''''"^ °'"" ^"'^"^' ^-'^-' --^^^^ -^^'his

with .trong glossy shafts ; primaries with broad brown ends ; inner
secondaries washed with brown ; under wing-coverts greenish black'
w h a few of the greater ones rufous : " bill blackish ; lower man
dible eaden grey; legs darkest shade of leaden grey; ris crimson"

[^i ^-tfr^s ''-''' '-^'' ''■' -^^-^' -^'- '^-^^ ^^^^

l7tK£,fit^.^^?tTIV:alt ?^^ '-'^ '-^^'

Immature. Differs from the adult in hnvino- fi„. i,^ i i

350

partially barred with buff ; all the wing-feathers barred with dusky
black : " iris very jjale raw sienna ; bill brownish black, with the
mandible and tip of maxilla grey ; legs and feet very dark grey "
(A. U. Everett).

In one immature specimen there are no dark bars on the wings,
and only a few indications of bars on the scapulars. Unlike the
following allied species, the present one appears to have no seasonal
plumage.

Hah. Philippine Islands.

n. Ad. sk.

b, c. cJ ad. ; d.

2 imm. sk.
e. d ad. ; /. 5

imm. sk.
//, h. 2 ad. ; i,
■ A;, c? ? juv.

sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m. cJad. ; ii, o,

p. 2 ad. sk.
q. PuU. sk.

Philippines.

Luzon, Jan., Feb. (A. B. Meyer).

Monte Alban, Luzon, Feb., Mar.

{A. H. Everett).
Sau Mateo, Luzon, Feb. (^4. H.

Everett).

Manila.

Cebu, Marcli, April {A. H.

Ecerett).
Samar, April 18.

r. $ ad. sk. Uo-ilo, Panay.

s. 5 ad. sk.
t, u. S ad. sk.

V. 2 ad. sk.
w, :i. S ad. sk.
y. 2 ad. ; s. ^

juv. sk.
a, h'. Ad. sk.

c'. S juv. sk.

d'. Ad. sk.

Negros, March {A. B. Meyer).
Valencia, Negros, Aug. \A. II.

Everett).
Guimaras, March {A. B. Meyer).
Surigao, May {A. H. Everett).
Zamboanga, March (A. H.

Everett).
Mactan, Aug., Sept. {A. H.

Everett).
Laguna de IJai, Nov. 15 {A. II.

Everett).
Brunei Piver.

17. Centropus toulou.

Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll,

E. L. Moseley, Esq.
[C.].

Voy. of H.M.S.' Chal-
lenger.'

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Bassett Smith, Esq.

[P.].

Le Coucou de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 138, pi. P!. iig. 2

(1760).
Cuculus toulou, P. L. S. Mull. S. N. Suppl. p. 90 (177G).
Toulou, Monti). Hist. Nat. Ok. vi. p. 300, pi. xvii. (1779).
Long-heeled Cuckoo, Lat/i. Gen. 8yn. i. p. 524 (1781).
Le Coucou de Madagascar, appelle Toulou, Dauhent. PI. Enl. 205.

fig. 1.
Cuculus melanorhynchus, Bodd. Tabl. PI. El. p. 18 (1783).
Cuculus tolu, Gm. S. N. i. p. 422 (1788).
Polophilus tcdu, Sfeph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 52 (1815).
- ' ■ — '" " ' " "'■ " '• ^""^ X 224;

(1854);
, p. 166 ;

E. Neioton, t.c. p! 452; iScl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 164; A.' Neivton,

P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 834; Grand. lie v. vt May. Zool. 1867, p. 380.

Polophilus tolu, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 52 (1815).
Centropus tolu. III. Ahhandl. k. Ak. JFiss. Berlin, 1816, p.

Bj>. Consp. i. p. 107 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zijr/od. p. 15 (l!

Pelz. Naum. 1858, p. 407 ; Poc/i ^- E. Newton, Ibis, 1863, p.

18. CKNTKOPUS. 351

Oorydonix tolu, Vieill. N. Did. xxxiv. p. 295 (1819).

Oonti'opus toulou, Teinm. Tabl. Meth. p. 53 (I838j ; Cass. I'l: Aciul.

I'hilwL 1804, p. 243; Grai/, Haud-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. H970;

Sharpe, F. Z. S. 1873, p. 024 ; JIartl. Jot/. Mada,/. p. 251 (1877).
ContropiLS melauorhjiiclui.s, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 455 (1840) ; Cub. ^

Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 108, note (1800).
Ceiitropus superciliosus (wee llempr. ^- Ehr.), Hartl. J.f. 0. 1800,

p. 108 ; id. Faun. Maday. p. 00 (1801).
(Jeutropus inailagascariensis, Scld. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 05

(1804) ; id. ^- Poll. Faun. Maday., Ois. p. 57 (1808) ; Milne-Ediv.
i)- Grandid. Hist. Nat. Madag., Ois. i, p. 179, Atlas, i. pis. 67, 68,
09, 70, 84, fig. juv. (1879).

Cimtropus lalresnayanus, Verr. in Vinson, Voy. Madny. pp. 3, 5

(1805) ; id. Nouv. Arch. Mus. ii. p. 23, pi. 2 (180G) ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. ii. p. 214, no. 8971 (1870).

Ceiitropus sakalava, Grandid. llev. et May. Zool. 1807, p. 87.
Ceuti'opus leucLiropyga, Grandid. liev. et May. Zool. 1867, pp. 87,
255.

Adult male in breediny-phiniage. Similar to C. viridis, but dis-
tinguished by the darker and more bluish shade of the head, neck,
and upper back ; the rufous colour of the wings slightly paler, and
the under wing-coverts mostly rufous, often with no black on them ;
bill blackish, inclining to grey towards the tip and ou the lower
mandible ; iris red ; feet slaty grey. Total length 15-7 inches,'
culmcu 1'2, wing o'U, tail 9'4, tarsus 1'4.

Adult male ill non-breeding jjlumage. Differs in the head, neck,
and front of chest being brown, mottled with black and rufous, and
with a buff shaft-stripe to each feather.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the wings barred
with dusky black ; the head, neck, and chest mottled with butt' or
rufous-buii' bars, with only slight indications of shaft-stripes ; entire
body and tail barred with buff, the latter mostly so towards the end.

" JSeslVuKj. Elack, barred with rufous above and with yellowish
below" {Grandidier, 1. c. p. ISO, pi. 84, fig. juv.).

As the present species closely resembles C. viridis from the
I'hilippines, it may be of service to point out the only really dis-
tinctive characters which separate the two birds, though even
these are variable. In C. toulou the colouring is slightly bright(.'r
and bluer on the head and neck, the under wing-coverts mostly,
if not entirely, rufous, occasionally with a black mottling. The
buff shaft-stripes are rarely ever absent, especially towards the
scapulars, and are never met with in specimens of C. viridis which
lose all trace of immaturity on the wings. O. toulou has two
distinct seasonal plumages, while C. viridis shows no such change.

Ventrojjus leucuroj^njija. Grand., is a remarkable variety men-
tioned by MM. Milne-Edwards and Grandidier as found throughout
the west coast of Madagascar. It is of large size and with white
upper tail-coverts ; but as these gentlemen insist that it is onlv a
variety of C. toulou, 1 have united it to the latter, never having
seen a specimen myself.

i/ab. Madagascar.

352

CTTCULID.^.

a. Imm. st.

b, c. Ad. et imm.
sk.

d, e. Ad. ; f-i.

Imm. sk.
k, I, m. Ad. sk.
n. Imm. sk.

0. 5 juv. sk.

;;. 2 imm. .sk.
2'. Bones of trunk.

Madag-ascar.
Madagascar.

Madao-ascar.

Purchased.
Purchased.

Seebohm Coll.

Madagascar. • Shelley Coll.

Madagascar. G. F. Scott Elliot,

Esq. [P.].
Ankafana Forests, Feb. ( W. Tweeddale Coll.

Demis Cowan).
Nossi-Be. F. Pollen [C.].

Madagascar. Rev. W.Deans Cowan

[C.].

18. Centropus bengalensis.

Ouculus bengalensis, <???;. >Si/sf. Nat. i. p. 412 (1788).

Centropus segyptius, var. y {nee Gnu), Lath. Intl. Orn. i. p. 21.3 (1790).

? Coucal rufiu, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 82, pi. 221 (1806).

PPolophilus lathami. Leach, Zool. Mise. i. p. 127, pi. 56 (1814).

PPolophilus rufus. Staph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 50 (1«I5).

Polophilus bengalensis, Steph. t. c. p. 50.

Cuculus rutinus, Cuv. Rhpie Anini. i. p. 420, note (1817).

Corydonix lathami, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 297 (1819).

Corydouix rufinus, Vieill. t. c. p. 298.

Corydonix maculatus, Bonn. S)- Vieill. Ene. Meth. p. 135-3 (1823).

Centropus bengalensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 213 (1826) ; Bhjth,
J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 1104 (1842), xii. p. 240 (1843); Graij,
Hand-l. B. ii."p. 213, no. 8957 (1870) ; Hume, Nests Sf Eyqs Ind.
B. p. 144 (1873) ; Bhjth Sf Wald. Cat. Mamm. S) B. Burma, p. 82
(1875) ; David Sf Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 59 (1877) ; Hume, Sir. F.
vi. p. 171 (1878 »; Bint/ham, op. cit. ix. p. 169 (1880); Kelham,
Ibis, 1881, p. 395 ; Davison, t. c. p. 361 ; Styau, Ibis, 1887, p. 2-30.

Centropus rufinus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 214 ; Bp. Consp. i. ]). 106
(18.50).

Centropus lathami, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 214 (1826).

Centropus tecticauda, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres,
pi. 349. no. 495 (1830).

Centropus pygmteus, Hodffs. f. c. pis. 349, 3.50, nos. 495, 522 ; J. E.
Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 85, nos. 495, 522 (1831).

Centropus lepidus {nee Ilorsf.), McClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 166;
Blyth, J. A. S. Bern/, xi. p.'ll02 (1842), xiv. p. 202 (1845).

Centropus dimidiatus, Bli/th, J. A. S. Be7if/. xiii. p. 390 (1844) ;
Stiinh. Ibis, 18(jO, p. .360.

Centropus viridis {nee Scop.), Bli/th, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 78
(1849) ; Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 685 (1856-
58) ; Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 266 ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 235.

Centropus, sp. ?, Switih. Ibis, 1860, p. 359, 1861, p. 48.

Centropus lignator, S2vinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 48; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.
p. 214, no. 8966 (1870).

Centrococcyx lignatus. Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. Ill, note
(1862).

Centrococcyx lepidus, Cab. S,- Heine, t. c. p. 109.

Centrococcyx bengalensis. Cab. Sf- Heine, t. c. i^. Ill; Wald. Trans.
Z. S. viii. p. 59 (1872) ; Bull, Str. F. ii. p. 395 (1874) ; Hume,
op. cit. iii. p. 84 (1875), r. p. 28 (1877); Ball, op. cit. vii. p. 208
(1878) ; Crijjps, t. c. p. 266 ; Hume, op. cit. viii. p. 55 (1879) ;

18. CENTR0PTJ8.

353

A. Mull. J.f. 0. 1882, p. 410; Oates, Handb. B, Brit. Bunnah,
ii. p. 127 (1883) ; id. ed. Hume's Nests ^ Bgys, ii. p. 40G (1890).

Centropus rectunguis, pt., Sc/d. Mus. Pam-Bas, Ciiculi, p. 09
(1804).

Ceutrococcyx dimidiatus, Wald. Trans, Z. S. viii. p. 59 (1872).

Adult male in hreeding-plumage. General plumage black, with
the wings and interscapular region chestnut ; head, neck, and under
surface of the body glossed with purplish blue and with glossy
black shafts to the feathers ; lower back and tail glossed with green,
the feathers of the latter with narrow whitish ends ; wings and
interscapular region bright chestnut, contrasting sharply with the
blue-black of the hind neck ; a few of tho wing-coverts with white
shafts ; ends of the quills brown ; inner secondaries slightly washed
with brown ; under wing-coverts rufous : bill and legs black ; iris
crimson. Total length 14 inches, culmen I'l, wing 6-6, tail 7"5,
tarsus 1"6,

Adult female in hreeding-plumage. Similar to the male. Total
length l4-8 inches, culmen 1-1, wing <d-Q, tail 8'6, tarsus 1-6.

Adult female in seasonal plumage. The feathers of the crown, back
of neck, and mantle dark brown, washed with rufous on the edges and
with buff shaft-stripes ; wings and tail as in summer plumage, the
latter with rufous-buff ends to the feathers ; lower back and upper
tail-coverts narrowly barred with rufous ; throat and underparts
buff, with glossy buff shafts to the feathers aud with dusky wavv
bars, most complete and numerous on the sides of the body and
thighs, absent on the chin and down the centre of bodj^ ; vent and
under tail-coverts greenish black barred with buff, the dark bars on
these parts being wider than the buff' oues ; under wing-coverts
rufous like the quills, the latter with brown ends : bill yellow,
shading into dark brown on the culmen ; legs black. Total length
15-5 inches, culmen l-l, wing 0-7, tail 8*0, tarsus 1-15.

Adult male in seasonal plumage. Similar in plumage to the female.

Hah. Southern India : Eastern Himalayas to Eastern Bengal,
Assam, the Burmese Countries to Southern China and Formosa.

a. $ ad. sk,

b-e. Ad. et imm.

sk.
/", (I, h. Ad. sk.
'i. Ad. sk.

k-q. Ad. et imm.

sk.
r, s. Ad. sk.
t-io. Ad. et imm.

sk.
X, y, z. Ad. sk.

a'-d'. Ad. sk.

e'. Ad.sk.

VOL. XIX.

Perimady, Travancore, Feb.

Nepal.

Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).
Native Sikhim, March (Z.

MandelU).
Sikhim, Sept., Nov. to Jan. {L.

Mandelli).
MoDgphoo, Darjeeling, March,
Darjeeling.

Buxa Dear;*, .lau. (Z. Ma7i-

delli).
Bhotan Doars, Nov., Dec,

April, May (Z. Mandelli).
Assam {McClelland).

F. Bourdillon, Esq.

[C.].
Hodgson CoU.

India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

India Museum.

354

CUCTJLIP^.

/'. 5 ad. sk.

(f , S ad. ; h' , i' , k'.

$ ad. sk.
v. 2 ad. sk.
m'. <S ad. sk.
n' , o'. Ad. sk.

p'-s'. Ad. et imm.

sk.
t', u . Ad. sk.
v'. (S ad. sk.
w'-g". Ad. et

imm. sk.
h". Ad. sk.
i". 2 ad. sk.
k". $ ad. ; /". S

jr. sk.
m". c? ji". sk.
n"-o". Ad. sk.
p"-s". Ad. sk.

BeltoUali, Assam, Jan. (^i.

W. Chennell).
Sadliya, April to June {J.

Cockburn).
Tippook {J. Cockburn).
D.jllali, May {J. Cockburn).
N. Khasia Hills, Jan. {A. W.

Chennell).
Cacbar (/. Imjlis).

Manipui', May {A. O. H).
Faiidpur, May {J. R. Cripps).
Dacca, March.

Dacca (Tytler).
Calcutta, Aug.
Tonghoo, Jan., May {It. G.

TV. a.).

Karen-nee, March {S.G. IV. R.).
Pegu, June, Sept.
Fonnosa, April, May {R. Sioin-
hoe).

19. Centropus javanicus.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume CoU,

Hume Coll.
Plimie CoU.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.

Tweeddale Coll.
Gates Coll.
Tweeddale CoU,

Cuculus javanicu,s, Dumont, Diet. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 144 (1818).
Centropus tolu {nee Gm.), Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 285

(1822).
Centropus lepidus, Ilorsf. Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii. p. 180 (1822) ;

Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 214 (1826) ; Rernst. J.f. 0. 1859, p. 187;

Grui/, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 213, no. 89.59 (1870).
Centropus atfinis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 180 (1822) ;

Viff. Mem. Raffl. p. 070 (1830) ; B/i/tk, J. A. S. Beny. xi. p. 1105

(1842) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (18o0) ; Bern-st. J. f. 0. 1859, p. 185,

1860, p. 269 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1^63, p. 200 ; Finseh', Xen-Giiin. p. 100

(1865) ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 213, no. 8960 (1870) ; Blasitis,

J.f. 0. 1883, p. 132, 1888, p. 374; S/iarpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 198.
Centropus pumilus, iess. Traite,]p. 136(18.:J1); Pucker. Rev. et May,

Zool. 1853, p. 66.
Centropus molkeuboeri, Bp. Consp, i. p. 108 (1850) ; Gi-ay, Hand-l,

B. ii. p. 214, no. .^964 (1870).
Centropus medius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (1850), ex Miiller, MSS.

in Mus. Luqd. ; Pucker. Rev. et May. Zool. 1852, p. 475, note ;

Bp. Consp.' Vol. Zygod. p. 86 (1854) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 359;

Wallace, op. cit. ISO-'!, p. 23; Finsek, Neu-Gnin, p. 59 (1865).
Centrococcvx lepidus. Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 109 (1802) ;

Hariert,~J.f. O. 1889, p. 372.
Centrococcyx affiuis. Cab. i,- Heine, t. c. p. 110 ; Wald. Tram. Z. S.

viii. pp. 56,58, 112 (1872); Mei/er, Ibis, 1879, p. 70: id. Sitz.

nat. Ges. Isis, p. 18 (1884) ; Gu'illeviard, P. Z. S. 1885', pp. 504,

551 ; Wkitehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 47.
Centropus moluccensis, Cab. i,- Heine, I. c. {ex Bernst. MSS. in Mus,

Berol.) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8967 (1870).
Centrococcyx moluccensis. Cab. 4" Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 113

(1862); Heitte, J.f. O. 1863, p. 357; Walden, Trans. Z. S. viii.

pp. 58, 60 (1872).
Centropus rectimguis, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bus, Cuculi, p. 09 (1864).

18. CENTROPPS.

355

Centrococcyx javaueusis, Walden, Tra)is. Z. s. viii. pp. 58,00 (l872j;

id. Ibis, 1872, p. 3(37 ; >Sah-ad, Ucc. Born. p. 7(3 (i874) ; id. Ann.

Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. Go I (1875); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 34;

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 188 (1879) ; Nicholson, Ibis,

1881, p. 141, 1883, p. 241 ; Blusius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii. p. 2G3

(188-3) ; i:veretf, F. Z. -S'. 1889, p. 226 ; S/iarjje, Ibis, 1890, p. 14 ;

Everett, Journ. Straits Branch As. Soc. 1889, p. 175.
Ceutrococcyx medius, Walden, Trans. Z. S. viii. pp. 57, 58 (1872) ;

Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 702 (1875), xiii. p. 463 (1878) ;

id. Orn. Bajniasia, i. p. 375 (1880).
Centropus bengalensis, var. javauica, Brligg. Ahhandl. nat. Ver.

Brem. v. p. 61 (1876).
Centropus javauensis, Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 940 ; id, P. Z, S. 1879,

p. 328.

Adult male in breeding-plumage. Similar to C. hengalemis, but
may be readily distinguished by the darker and browner colouring
of the upper back, scapulars, and inner secondaries, which colour
passes almost imperceptibly into the greenish black of the neck,
these colours being sharply defined in C. hengalensis ; the head,
neck, and body arc glossed with green, more like the colour of the
tail than in C. hengalensis. Total length lG-3 inches, culm en 1*3,
wing G-3, tarsus 1'7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
14 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 6*3, tail 8, tarsus 1-65.

The seasonal plumage is similar to that of G. hengalensis, and in
both species lasts from Xovember till April. The present species
varies greatly in size, as the following measurements will show : —

Total

length.

in.

Ct-ram, 5 ad 18'3

Leyte, juv 12*1

Singapore 12'2

Culmen. Wing.

1-5
10
10

7-8
5-4
5-3

Tail,
in.
9-8
6-9
6-5

Tarsus
in.
1-9
1-5
1-4

Hab. Eastern Bengal and the Burmese countries to China, south
through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the
Philippines, Celebes, and the Moluccas.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Imm. sk.

c. Imm. sk.

d. Imm. sk.

e-k. Ad. et imm.

sk.
/. cJ imm. sk.

>n. c? imm. sk.

u. 2 jr. sk.
o. Inini. sk.
p. 2 imm. sk.
y. Imm. sk.

Khasia Hills (Griffith).
Dibrughur, Assam.
Tipperah Hills, Jan.
Thayetmvo, Nov. {^E. W.

Dates).
Lower Pegu, Dec, Jan., April,

Aug.
KoUidoo, Tenasserim, Nov.

( W. Davison).
Tlioiingyeen Forest, March

(C. T. Binijham).
Tavo}', March ( W. Davison).
Bankasoon, Feb.( W. Davison).
Malewoon, April ( W.Davisoti].
.Siam.

India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Gates CoU.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

H>ame Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
•Zk2

356

CTJCULID^.

r. Imm. sk.

s. Ad. ; t, u, V.

Imm. sk.
w, X. Imm. sk.

y, z, a' . Imni. sk.

b'-l' . Ad. et imm.

sk.
m'. 5 ad. sk.
n' . cj imm. sk.
o'-s'. Ad. etimm.

t'-d". Ad. et jiiv.

sk.
e"j /", g"- Ad. et

imm. sk.
h"-m". Ad. et

imm. sk.
n". Ad. sk.
o". Ad. sk.
p". Imm. sk.
q". $ ad. sk.
r". Juv. sk.

s", t". Imm. sk.
m", v",%v". Ad. sk.
•^'">»/"- c? jr. sk.
s", a^ 63, Ad. sk.
c^-f\ Ad. sk.
ff^-P. Ad. et imm.

sk.
m^. Ad. sk.
w-^ 5 ad. sk.

o^-r^. Ad. etimm,

sk.
s^, _«''". Ad. et

imm. sk.
u^. c? ad. sk.

v^, c? imm. sk.

?u3. $ ad. sk.

.r^, y^ d 2 ad. sk.

:;'. (5 ad. sk.
«'-c\ Ad. sk.
d\ Ad. sk.
e^ Ad. sk.
f-7i^ Ad. et

imm. sk.
oK Imm. sk.
/)'. Imm. sk.
j'. Imm. sk.
r'. 9 imiii. sk.
s'. Skeletou.

Mts. of Perak.
Penang.

Dingding Islands, Feb. (IF.

l)aviso7i).
Klang, .Ian., May, July ( W.

Davison).
Malacca, July.

Kuroo, Nov. ( W. Daviso7i).
Johore, Aug. ( W. Davison).
Singapore Island, Jan., Feb.,

Sept. ( W. Davison).
Sumatra, Sept., Oct., Jan.

(Curl Bock).
Java (Hors/ield).

Java,

Billiton.

Borneo.

Sarawak, June (A. H. Everett).

Jambusan (^A. II. Everett).

Labuan, March.

Lumbidan (H. T. Ussher).

Eanjarmassing (.7. Motley).

Lombock.

riores.

Timor.

Celebes.

Menado.

Butubassi, Celebe.s, Nov.

(A. B. Meyei-).
Makassar.

Sanghir Islands.

Calapan, Mindoro, May.

Coucepcion, Panay, Jan.

San Antonio, Negros, Feb.

South Leyte, Sept., Oct.

{A. H. Everett).
N. Bohol, Oct. [A. IL Everett).
N. Ceram.
Gilolo.
Amboiua.
Formosa, Feb. to April {R.

Swinhoe).
Tingchow, Dec. (J?. Swinhoe).
Fokien, Sept. {R. Swinhoe).
Amoy, Jan. {li. Swinhoe).
II ong Kong,]March ( R. Sivinhoc) .

L. Wray, Esq, [P.].

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll,

India Museum.

Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
liajah Brooke [P.],
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. H. Everett, Esq.

[C.].
Seebohm Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace CoU.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Seebohm ColL

Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

A. R. Wallace, Esq.

[C.].
Seebohm Coll.

E. L. Moseley, Esq.

[C.].
E. L. Moseley, Esq.

[C.].
E. L. Moseley, Esq.

[C.].
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Pm'chased.

18. CENTRorus. 357

20. Centropus nigrorufus.

Lo Coucal uoiru male, Lvvaill. Ois. iVAfr. v. p. 78, pi. 220 (1808) ;

Siindev. Krtf. Framst. Levaill. p. 48 (1857).
Ciiculus nioTorufus, Cuv. Ith/nc Aniin. i. p. 426 (1817).
Oorydonix bicolor, Vieill. N. Did. Hist. Nut. xxxiv. p. 297 (1819).
Centropus iiigTorufiis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 213 (1826) ; Bp.

Cunsp. i. p. 107 (1850) ; Cat). ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 107,

note (18(')2) ; ScJil. Mus. Pai/.^t-Bas, Cuciili, p. 64 (1864) ; Laycird,

B. S. Afr.'i^ 245 (1867) ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 213, uo. 8952

(1870);" Sharjye, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 623; Bocaqe, Jorn. Lisb. vi.

p. 146 (1877) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 238 ; Fischer ^- Reichen.

J. f. O. 1879, p. 341 ; Bokm, J. f. O. 1883, p. 164; Schaloiv, t. c.

p. 346 ; S/iarpe, eel. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 165, 810 (1884) ;

Fischer, J.f. O. 1885, p. 123 ; Matschie, J. f. 0. 1887, p. 149.
Ceutropus grilli, Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 13; Cab. Sf Heine, 3Ius.

Hein. iv. p. 107 (1868) ; Gray, Hand-I. B. ii. p. 213, no. 8953

(1870) ; Sharps, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 623.

Not quite adult. Head, neck, interscapular region, and under-
paris black, with a bluish-green gloss ; wing rufous, paler than in
C. iouJou ; all the wing-coverts with blackish-brown and whitish
shaft-stripes ; quills with broad brown ends ; back duller than the
head, and partially barred with rufous-bufF; upper tail-coverts and
tail uniform glossy greenish black ; breast slightly mottled with
buff feathers, a few of which are barred with black : bill and legs
entirely black ; iris crimson. Total length 12-2 inches, culmen 1,
wing &G, tail 7, tarsus l-o.

Immature female. Differs in having the underparts uniform
black glossed with greenish blue ; quills barred with blackish
brown ; back fulvous chestnut, mottled with black bars ; the tail-
feathers partially barred with buif ; bill entirely black. Total
length 13-7 inches, culmen 1, wing 6"9, tail 7'8, tarsus 1"6.

This species differs from its allies in having a shorter and entirely
black bill, and in the rufous colouring of the wing being paler. Its
nearest ally is G. hengalcnsis.

Hah. South-eastern Africa, ranging to the Zanzibar district of
Eastern Africa, and to Gaboon on the West Coast.

a. 2 ad. sk. Port Natal, Nov. 28 ( Wahlberg). Sharpe Coll.

b. $ ad. sk. Gelidja, East Africa, June {Dr. Shelley Coll.

Fischer),

21. Centropus epomidis.

Centropus epomidis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 107 (1850), e.v Temm. MSS.
in 3Ius. Luffd. ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 186 (1857) ; Cab. ilf
Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 107, note (1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pai/s-Bas,
Cuculi, p. 17 (1864) ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 213, no. 8951 ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 622.

Adult. Entire head, neck, rump, upper and under tail-coverts,

358 cvcvuda:,

and the tail black glossed -with green ; remainder of the plumage
nearly nniform chestnut, with dark brown ends to the quills ; biU
and legs black ; iris red. Total length l0"5 inches, culmen 1'25,
wing 6-3, tail 8, tarsus 1'6.
-Hab. Gold Coast, West Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Sharps CoU.

22. Centropus leucogaster.

Polophilus leucogaster, Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 117 * (1814) ; Steph.

Gen. Zool. ix. p. 49, pi. 12.
Coi-ydonix leucogaster, Yieill. Nouv, Diet. Hist. Nat. xxxiv. p. 299

(1819).
Centropus senegalensis (nee Linn.), Sundev. (Efv. Kongl. Vet.-Ak.

Fork Stock. 1849, p. 162.
Centropus francisi, £p. Consp. i. p. 107 (1850) ; Hartl. Orn.

W.-Afr. p. 186 (1857) ; CWs.s. I'r. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 142 ; Schl.

Mtis. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 71 (18(J4) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 213, no. 8950 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 621 ; Ussher, Ibis,

1874, p. 54 ; Beichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 5 ; Biittik. Kates Leyden

Mm. vii. p. 222 (1885), viii. p. 264 (1886), x. p. 96 (1888).

Achdt. Entire head, neck, and upper back glossj- blue-black;
wings deep chestnut, M'ith brown ends to the quills; remaiuder of
the back black, mottled with chestnut bars about the middle ; rump,
upper tail-coverts, and tail glossy greenish black, crossed by narrow
buff bars except towards the terminal half of the tail ; breast white,
passing into rufous-buff on the sides of the body and the under tail-
coverts ; under surface of the wings chestnut like the upper aspect :
bill black ; irides red ; legs slate-colour. Total length 21 inches,
culmen 1-7, wing 7'7, tail 12, tarsus 2-1.

Nestling. Differs from the adult in having white shaft-stripes on
the head and throat, and white shaft-spots on the back of the neck.
The wing-feathers are all rather narrowly barred with black, and
the breast is slightly more rufous. Total length 11 inches.

Hah. West Africa, from Liberia to the Camaroons.

a. Imni. sk. [Australia*.] Old Coll.

(Type of species.)

b. Ad. ; c. Juv. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). Seebohm Coll.
d-(j. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Shai-pe Coll.
h, i. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.

* The habitat is given as Australia, but this isau endent mistake. The type
ie in the Museum, and there can be no doubt as to the correctness of this ideu-
tilicitiou.

lf<. ci;xTROPrs. 359

23. Centropus anselli.

Oentropiis anselli, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 204, pi. ;j:3. fig. 1 ; id. .^•
Bomier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 312 (1876) ; Rvichen. J. f.
O. 1877, p. 15 ; Bocac/e, Oni. Angola, p. 542 (1881).

Ceutropus savorgnani, Omt. Le Naturaliste, iii. p. 299 (1886).

Adult (type of species). Upper half of head, back of neck, and
upper back black, strongly glossed with bluish green ; remainder of
back rufous-buff, partially barred Mith black ; upper tail-coverts and
tail black, glossed -with green, the former barred with buff; wings
deep chestnut, passing into dark brown on the inner feathers and
the ends of the quills ; entire throat and underparts tawny buff,
the under tail-coverts barred with black ; under surface of wings
like the upper surface, but with the coverts tawny buff like the
breast : bill and legs black ; iris red. Total length 22-3 inches,
culmen 1'6, wing 8-7, tail 12, tarsus 1-9. (2h(S. Paris.)

Young. Differs from the adult in having buff markings on the shafts
of the feathers of the head and back of the neck ; the wings regu-
larly barred with black ; tail barred with buff, and the throat
mottled with partial bars of black.

Hall. Gaboon, W. Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Elver Danger, Gaboon. H. T. AnseU, Esq. [P.].

(Tj^je of species.)
/;. Juv. sk. Ogowe Eiver. M. Bouvier [P.].

24. Centropus fischeri.
C'entvopus fischeri, Eeichen. J.f. O. 1887, p. 57.

Adult (type of species). Head and neck glossy blue-black ; hinder
neck and upper back blackish brown ; under surface isabelline ;
upper tail-coverts glossy greenish black ; wing rufous-brown ; under
wing-coverts rufous-brown, with dusky bands, tail glossy greenish
black : " bill and legs black ; iris carmine-red " {Fischer). Culmen
1-5 inches, wing G'9, tail 8'65. {Beiclienow.)

This species is only known to me from the description, which
seems to agree with the young of C. anselli.

Hah. Victoria Nyanza.

2b. Centropus monachus.

Ceutropus superciliosus (nee Ileinpr. S)- Flir.), Bilpp. Neiie Wirb., Vde/.
p. 56, pi. 21. fig. 1 (1835) ; id. S!/.<t. Uebers. p. 96 (1845).

Centropus monachus, Riipp. Xeue Wirb. p. 57, pi. 21. fig. 2 ; id. Si/gf.
Uebers. p. 96 (1845) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 107 (1850) ; id. Con-y?. Vol.
Zi/f/od. p. 5 (1854) ; Ilorsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii
])."081 (1-50) ; Hartl. Orn.'W.-Afr. pp. 187, 274 (1857) ; Cass. Pr
Ac.Philad. 1859, p. 142; Schl. Mus. Paijs-Bas, CuciUi, p. 74
(1864) ; Hartl. S,- Finsch, Voq. Ostafr. p. 528, note (1870) ;

360

Liihder, J. f. 0. 187.-i, p. 213; Usshvr, Ibi.% 1874, p. 54 ; Reichen.
J.f. 0. 1875, p. 5 ; Shcoye, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 1G5 (1875) ;
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 151 (1877) ; id. Jor». Lish. vi. pp. 202,
266 (1878) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 558 ; Hartevt, J. f. 0. 1880,
p. 597; Matschie, J.f. 0. 1887, p. 149.

Adult. Upper half of the head and back of the neck black,
strongly glossed with steel-blue ; wings bright chestnut, with dark
brown ends to the quills and shaded with that colour, slightly
glossed with green on the inner portion ; back dark brown, passing
on the npper tail-coverts and tail into glossy greenish black :
beneath white, shaded with buff ; wings chestnut below, except
that the smaller coverts are buif like the breast : bill and legs
black ; iris red. Total length 18 inches, culmen 1-7, wing 7'7,
tail 9-7, tarsus 1-9.

Tovng. Differs from the adult in having the wings barred with
black, and the upper tail-coverts and tail partially barred with buff.
Length 14"3 inches. From the young of C. senegalensis it may be
best distinguished by the darker and bluer colour of the crown, and
the darker brown inner portion of the wing.

Hah. N.E. Africa, and East Africa as far as the Zambesi. W.
Africa from the Gold Coast to Benguela.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. (S ad. sk.

(/. c? ad. sk.
e. (S ad. sk.

/. Juv. sk.

g. Ad. ; h.

Imm. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
I. iS ad. ; m, n.

$ ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. cj ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.

s-v. Ad. sk.
%o. Ad. sk.
X. Sternum.

Abyssinia.
Abyssinia.
Agula, Abyssinia, May 10.

Goongoona, Abyssinia, Mav 8

{W.Jesse).
Gedem, Shoa, Dec. {Sir W.

Harris).
White Nile.
Fantee {H. T. Ussher).

Accra {Haynes).
Gold Coa.st (Aubitm).
Shonga, R. Niger, Nov., Dec.

( fV. A. F.).
Ogowe R., Gaboon.
Caconda, Benguela (Atichieia).
Lake Ngami (C/tapma7i).

Zambesi (Dr. Bradshaw).

Mozambique.

Abvssinia.

Seebohm Coll.
Dr. Riippell [C.].
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
Tweeddale Coll.

India Museum.

Sir S. Baker [P.].
Sharpe Coll.

Sharps Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Forbes Coll.

M. Bouvier [P.],

Sharpe Coll.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
Shelley Coll.
Purchased.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].

26. Centropus senegalensis.

Le Coucou du S^n^gal, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 120, pi. 8. fig. 1 (1760).

Cuculus senegalensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 169 (1766).

Egyptian Ouckow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 420 (1782).

Cuculus ajgyptius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 420 (1788).

Le Coucal houhou, m.^le, Levaill. Ois. rVAfr. v. p. 72, pi. 219 (1806).

18. CENTKOPUS. 361

Polopliilus senegalensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 53 (1815).

Polopliilus jcfrviitius, StejjJi. f. c. p. 54.

Corydoiiyx a'oypti„g, ridH Encyd. Meth. p. 1353 (1823).

('i)rydcinyx pyrrboleucus, Vieill. (ial. Ois. p. 41 (1825).

Corydonyx seiiegaleusis, Vieill. t. c. p. 46.

Centropus senegalensis, Kiihl S,- Stvinderen, Buff. ^ D'Aub. Nom.
Syst. p. G (1820) ; Less. Traite Orn. p. 137 (1831); iiw;;/>. Neuc
iVirb., Vog. p. 55 (1835) ; Sivain.'i. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 185, pi. 20 ;
Temm. Tail. Meth. p. 52 (1838) ; Bp. Coi'isp. i. p. 106 (1850) ;
id. Omsp. Vol. Zijgod. p. 5 (1854) ; Hartl. Orn. JV.-Afr. p. 187
(1857) ; Ccib. ^- mine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 105 (1869) ; Fimch ^■
Hartl. Viiij. Ostafr. p. 526 (1870) ; Hem/l. Orn. N.O.-Afr. pp. 795,
clxv (1870) ; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 212, no. 8946 (1870) ; Sharpe,
Cat. Afr. B. p. 14 (1871) ; Gurney, ed. Anderss. B. Bamara-Ld.
p. 224 (1872) ; Shelley Sf Bucklei}, Ibis, 1872, p. 286 ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 617; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 53 ; Reichen. J.f. O.
1875, p. 3 ; Sharpe, ed. LayardCs B. S. Afr. pp. 162, blO (1875) ; id,
iij Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p, 51 (1876) ; Beichen. J. f.
0. 1877, p. 15; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 149 (1877) ; Oust. Bull.
Soc. Phil. 7tli ser. i. p. 106 (1877) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 558;
Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 223 (1885), viii. p. 264 (1886) ;
Hartert, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 597; Bocage, Jorn. Lisboa, 1887, -p. 2;
Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. x. p. 96 (1888).

Centropus biirchellii, Swaitis. An. in Menag. p. 321 (1838).

Adult. Upper half of the head, back of the neck, rump, upper
tail-coverts, and tail brownish black, strongly glossed with green ;
wings bright chestnut, generally, but not always, jxissing into duller
and darker brown on the inner half of the wings and back, the
quills with broad dark ends ; beneath white tinged with buff, and
occasionally, though rarely, the sides of the body and the under tail-
coverts showing faint traces of darker bars : bill and legs black ;
iris red. Total length 16*5 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 6"6, tail 8*5,
tarsus 1-6.

Immature. Only differs from the adult by having blackish bars on
the mantle and wings, and generally with traces of buff bars on the
upper tail-coverts and tail. In this plumage it may be distinguished
from C. natalensis by the entire absence of any buff shaft-stripes on
the upper parts.

Hah. Nearly the whole of tropical Africa, extending to the
Egyptian Delta.

rt. Ad. st. ; b. Ad. Egypt. J.Bowiing, Esq. [P.].

sk.

c, d^e. S ad. sk. Egypt, April (G. E. S.). Shelley Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Khartoum, Nov. 10 (P. Sharpe Coll.

Knoblecker).

q. Imm. sk. Senegal. Seebohm Coll.

'h-l. Ad.sk. Dakar,Senegal(i. i«///rt/;c). Tweeddale Coll.

m,n. Ad, etimm. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.

sk.

0. Ad. sk. Gambia {Sir A. Moloney). Shelley Coll.

p. Ad. sk. Cape Palmas. F. Nicholson, Esq.

[P.].

q. Imm. .sk. Denkeva. Sharpe Coll.

362 ciTCTiLm-E.

r, s, t. Ad.; u-x. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Sliarpe Coll.

Imm. sk.

?/. Ad. sk. Abrobonko, Jan. {G. E. S.). Shelley Coll.

Z'd'. Ad. sk. Accra, Feb. {G. E. S.) SheUey Coll.

e'. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.

/'. Ad. sk. lliver Niger. Mrs. Hey wood [P.].

ff'. S ad. sk. Ego-a, Niger {W. A. F.). Forbes Coll.

h', i'. 5 ad. sk. Shonga, Niger (TV. A. F.). Forbes Coll.

k'. Ad. sk. Cape Lopez. Sharpe Coll.

r. $ ad. sk. Landana, Congo, Feb. (PeftY). Shelley Coll.

in', n'. S ? imm. Chinchonxo, Congo, March Shelley Coll.

sk. (Petit).

0 . Imm. sk. Lake Ngami (^Chapman). Sharpe Coll.

/j'-!^'. Ad. et imm. Makalaka Country (Dr. J5raf^ Shelley Coll.

sk. skaiv).

ti\ Ad. sk. Bamangwato, Oct. {T. E. Shelley Coll.

JJucJdei/).

d'. Ad. sk. Transvaal (^yres). Sharpe Coll,

27. Centropus natalensis.

Centropus superciliosus ()iec Heinpr. S,- Eh:), Bianconi, Spec. Zool.

Mosambiqtie, p. 51 (18-51) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 246 (1867) ;

Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. .866 ; Sliellei/, Ibis, 187.'5, p. 82 ; Sharpe, ed.

Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 163, 810 (pt., 1875) ; Aijres, Ibis, 1884,

p. 225.
Centropus natalensis, Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 246; Ayres, Ibis, 1887,

p. 52.

Adults. Intermediate in plumage between C. scnerjalensis and
C. sitperciViosus. The white eyebrow, when present (which is not
always the case), varies from a mere spot near the nostril to almost
a complete eyebrow as in C. superciliosus, but it is always interrupted
above the eye by the black of the crown which descends to the
upper eyelid ; generally, bnt not always, some of the feathers of
the back of the neck and mantle have white shaft-stripes ; rump,
upper tail-coverts, and basal portion of the tail always narrowly
and distinctly barred with buff as in C. superciliosus : tail-feathers
narrowly tipped with white ; sides of the throat generally streaked
with black, but never to the same extent as in C superciliosus ; sides
of the body and the under tail-coverts more or less barred : bill
black, sometimes with a portion of it yellow ; iris red ; legs slate-
colour. Total length 14 to 17 inches, culmen 1-25 to 1*50, wing
6-2 to 6-8, tail 7-8 to 9, tarsus 1-6 to 1-8.

One specimen differs from 0. senegalensis only in having a few
white shaft-stripes on the wing-coverts ; and the back, upper tail-
coverts, and basal third of the tail distinctly barred with buff.
Total length 14 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 6-4, tail 8-3, tarsus 1-45.
The white ends to the tail have apparently been worn away.

Another adult bird differs from the last in having a broad white
eyebrow interrupted by black feathers just above the eye ; all the
feathers of the back of the neck and many of those of the mantle
have white shafts ; the broad buff shaft-stripes to the feathers on
the sides of the neck are partially edged with black, but not to the

IS. OENTKOPl'S.

303

same extent as iu C sHj^erciUosus ; tlio feathers on the sides of the
body and under tail-coverts have dusk}' bars. Total length 15-1
inches, culmen 1-4, wing (3-7, tail 9, tarsus 1*0.

Youn;/. Differs from the adult in having a buif eyebrow ; the
upi)er parts of the head with pajtial rufous shaft-stripes ; the back
of tlie neck, upper back, and wings barred with rufous and black;
the pale bars on the tail more numerous, and the feathers on the
sides of the lower throat with well-marked buff shaft-stripes edged
witli black.

Hub. S.E. Africa, extending north to the Transvaal and the
Zambesi.

a. Imm. sk.

b. Iiiim. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

(1. J ad.; e. 2 imm.

sk.
/,(/. c? ad. sk.

/(. Ad. sk.

i, Ic. d 2 nd- sk-

/, VI, n. 5 ad. sk.
0, p. <S 2 fid. sk.
q, r. Ad. ; s. Juv.

sk.
t. 5 ad. sk.

u. cS ad. sk.

V, w. Ad. sk.
X. 2 ad. sk.

y, z. Ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.

South Africa.
South Africa.
Grahamstown (2". C. At-

more).
East London, Jan., July,

Eland's Post, June {T. 0.

Atmore).
Kingwillianistown ( Treve-

lyan).
Durban, Natal, Sept.

{Gordye).
Durban, Sept. (Gordye).
Pinetowu, Feb. ( T. L. Ayres)
Natal (2". Ayres).

J. Eocke, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Sharps Coll.

J. C. Rickard, Esq.

[P.].
Sharpe Coll.

SheUey Coll.

Shelley Coll.
(Tj'pes of the species.)

Seebohm Coll.
, Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

Julv

[T.

Swaziland,

Bnclchy).
Transvaal, July

Buckley).
Pretoria {Pratt).
Crocodile River, Julv {F.

Oaten).
Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk).
Zambesi {Dr. Meller).

E. Shelley Coll.

Shelley Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

W. E. & C. G. Gates,

Esqrs. [P.].
Livingstone Expod.
Tweeddale Coll.

28. Centropus superciliosus.

Centropus superciliosus, Hempr. ^- Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. r (1828) ;
Piipp. Neue Wirh., Toy. p. oG, pi. 21. fig. 1 (IS.S'o) ; Bp. Comp. i.
p. 107 (1850) ; id. Comp. Vol. Zyyod. p. .5 (18.54) ; Horsf. tS-
Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. I. Co. ii. p. (.581 (l8oG) ; Monteiro, P. Z. S.
18G5, p. 91 ; Heuyl. Ont. N.O.-Afr. pp. 797, clxv (1870); Blanf.
Geol. S)- Zool. Abyss, p. 3lo (1870) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. G20 :
Dresser ^- Blanf. Ibis, 1874, p. ?„•](! ; Beichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 1-5 ;
Bocaye, Orn. Anyola, p. 1."jO (1877) ; id. Jurn. Lisboa, vi. p. GG
(1878) ; Kichohon, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 359 ; Cab. J. f. O. 1878,
p. 238 ; Fi.^c/ier ^'- Beichen. t. c. p. 2-52 ; Scl. ^- Ilartl. P. Z. S.
1881, p. 172; Shelley, t. c. p. 595; Sarfl. t. c. p. 955; Gurney,
Ibis, 1882, p. 73; Biikm, J.f. O. 188.3, p. 164; Sehalou: f.c.
p. 34G; Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 400; Biihm, J. f. 0. 1885. p. 41 ;
Fi,ocher, t. c. p. 123; Boeaye, Jor». Lisboa, 188(i, p. i> : Beichen.
J.f. O. 1S87, p. 58; Salvad, Ann. J/(/.s. Cic. Gen. 1888, p. 215.

364

CVCVLir>M.

Adidt. Forehead, crown, and ear-coverts uniform brown : a
broad white eyebrow ; back of the neck brown, with broad white
shaft-stripes edged with black; back and wings paler brown, passing
into bright chestnut on the quills, which have darker brown ends ;
some of the feathers of the mantle with white shaft-stripes like the
neck; remainder of the upper parts glossj- greenish black, with
numerous narrow buff bars on the uimp and upper tail-coverts and
a less amount on the basal portion of the tail : the tail-feathers
narrowly tipped with white : underparts buflfish white, strongly
marked on the sides and base of the throat with lanceolate white
shaft-stripes narrowly edged with black ; sides of the body and
under tail-coverts barred with dusky black ; under surface of the
wings chestnut like upper surface, slightly mottled witli buff on the
wing-coverts : bill and legs black ; iris red. Total length 14-7 inches,
culmen 1*15, wing 5-7, tail 8"6, tarsus 1'6.

Younff. Differs in having the forehead, crown, and nape nearly
black with rr;fous-buff shaft-stripes : a broad eyebrow, cheeks, and
ear-coverts rufous-bufiP ; back of the neck, mantle, and wing-coverts
equally barred chestnut and black ; quUls more chestnut but partially
barred.

Hah. N.E. Africa, extending on the cast to the Zambesi and
across to Benguela and Angola.

a, b. Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.
d-g. Ad. sk.
h. 2 ad. sk.

i. <S ad. sk.

k. 2 fid. sk.

/. Ad. sk.

m. 2 ad. ; n. c?

imm. sk.
0. c? ad. sk.

p. Ad. sk.

q. Ad. sk.

r. Ad. sk.

s. Ad. sk.

t. S ad. sk.

u, V. (S ad. ; w,

Juv. sk.
X. Ad. sk.

y. Ad. sk.

s. Stermini.

Nubia.

5tb Cataract of the Nile.
Gabsa, Bogos-Land {Us/er).
Kokai, Bogos-Laud, July 9

(W. Jesse).
Aiu, Lebka River, July C.

Bejook, Anseba Valley,

Jidy 15.
Shoa (".S'(V W. Horris).
Socotra, March.

Lado, Equatorial Africa, Feb.

{Einin Pasha).
Mombasa.

Seebohm Coll.
F. Galton, Esq.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
India Museum.
Prof. I. B. Balfour

Shellev Coll.

Paugaui Eiver {Sir J. Kirk).
Zanzibar (Sir J. Kirk).
Dar-es-Salaam {Sir J. Kirk).
Landana, Congo [Dr. Lucan).
Rio Daude, Loanda, April

{Sula).
Kattenbella, Beng-uela, Nov. Sharpe Coll.

30 {Sala).
Benguela.
Abvssimia.

Rev. A. F. Buxton

[P.].
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Shellev Coll.
SheUey Coll.
Sharpe Coll.

Monteiro Coll.

W. T. Blanford, Esq.

rc.^.

18. CKNTROPUS. 365

29. Centropus melanops.

Ceiitropus melanops, Less. Traite, p. 1-57 (1831) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 4o5 (184(3j ; id. Ilaml-l B. ii. p. 214, uo. 8980 (1870).
Centropus nigrifrons, Feah, U. S. Expl. JE.cped. 1st ed. p. 137, pi. 38.

%. 1 (1848) : Hartl. Arch. f. Nat. xviii. p. 137, pi. 38 (1852) ;

Cass. U. S. Expl. E.cped. 18-55, p. 249, Atlas, pi. 22 (1855) ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8979 (1870).
Nesoceutor uigrifrons, Cab. &; Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 119, note

(1862).
Nesocentor melanops. Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 119, note

(1862).
Pyrrhocentor melanops, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. pp. 164, 330 ; Tweed-
dale, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 823 : SharjK, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i.

p. :!22 (1877) ; Tiveeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 108, 946, 1879, p. 69 ;

Wardlaic Ramsay, App. Tweedcl. Orti. Works, p. 656 (1881) ;

Kiltter, J.f. O. 188.3, p. .303.

Adult. Head, ueck, and fore part of chest buff; forehead, a
broad eyebrow, checks, and lores black ; wings and a narrow band
across the upper back bright chestnut ; ends of the quills dark
brown ; remainder of the back, tail, and the uuder surface of body
black glossed with bluish green ; uuder wing-coverts dusky black
mottled with rufous buff : " bill black ; iris crimson ; legs grey "
(Feale). Total length 17'o inches, culmen 1-6, wing 6-5, tail 10,
tarsus 1'7.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

a. (^ ad. sk. Mouth of Butuan River, Mav Tweeddale CoU.

{A. H. Everett).

b, c. tS 2 3.d. sk. Surigao, May (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

d. S ad. sk. Basilan,May {A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.

e. 5 ad. sk. Nipah Island, July {A. H. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett).
f,g. S ad. ; k, i. Zamboanga, Mindanao, March Tweeddale Coll.

$ ad. sk. {A. H. Everett).

30. Centropus celebensis.

Centropus celebensis, Qiioy if Gaim. Voy. Astrol., Zool. i. p. 230,

pi. 20(1830); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 455 (1840); Bp. Consp. i.

p. 108 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 5 (1854) ; Brnqg. Abhandl. nat.

Ver. Brem. v. p. GO (1876).
Centropus bicolor, Less. Traite, p. 137 (1831); Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.

1843, p. 946, 1845, p. 20 ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 455 (1846) ; Pitcher.

Rev. et 3fag. Zool. 1852, p. 472 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 359 ; id.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8072 (1870).
PN-rrhocentor bicolor. Cab. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 117 (1862);

Grai/, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 359 ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 392

(1880).
Pyrrhocentor celebensis, Waklen, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 55 (1872) ;

Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ^-ii. p. 650 (1875); Lenz,J.f. O.

1877, p. 372 ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 70 ; GuiUeinard, P. Z. S. 1885,

p. 551.

366

CTrcrLiDJ-:.

Adult. Upper half of tlie head, back of neck, and upper mantle
huffish brown, slightly darker on the crown; remainder of the
upper parts dark chestnut : throat and chest buff, shading into
chestnut on the sides of the chest, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ;
bill black; legs blackish brovvn. Total length 20-2 inches, culmcn
1-05, wing 6-8, tail 10-8, tarsus ISo.

Hah. Celebes.

a. $ ad. St. ; b.

Ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk.
e, f, (J. Ad. sk.
h, i, k. Ad. ; /.

Imm. sk.
m, n, o. Ad. sk.
p. 2 "<!• •''t.

Celebes.

Celebes.

Menado, N. Celebes.

Menado.

Makassai- (A. R. Wallace).
Makassar.

WaUace Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
^^■allace Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.

yi. Centropus andamanensis.

Centropus andamaneusis, Beaian, Ibi", 1SG7, p. •■<21 (ex Tytler,
MSS:)\ Ball, 8tr. F. i. p. 0-3 (1873): Hume, Nests <§• Egys
Ind. B. p. 144 (1873) ; id. Str. F. ii. p. 194 (1874), viii. p. 89
(1879).

Centrococcvx andamnneusis, WaUl. Ibis, 1873, p. 305, pi. 11 ; Oates,
ed. Hume's Nests i^- Ei/fjs Ind. B. ii. p. 404 (1890).

Adult male. Head, neck, upper mantle, and under surface of
the body brownish buff ; wings and a narrow band across the upper
back very deep chestnut ; the tips of the primaries dark brown ;
remainder of the back and the upper tail-coverts dusky brownish
buff ; tail purplish black ; abdomen and under tail-coverts rather
more dusky than the throat ; under wing-coverts dusky brownish
buff : " iris red ; biU, legs, and feet black." Total length 17'4
inches, culmen 1*5, wing Gw, tail 9-7, tarsus 1-9.

In specimens in worn plumage the head, neck, and underparts
are more buff and the tail much browner, especially towards the
edges of the feathers, wliich are often browTiish buflf.

Hah. Andaman Islands.

a. 6 ad. sk.
h. 2 ad. sk.
c. 2 ad. sk.
d-i. (^ 2 ad. sk.

h. 2 ad. ; I. 2

imm. sk.
m, n. c? ad. ; o, p,

q. 2 ad. sk.
r, s, t. (S ad. ; u,

V. 2 ad. sk.
w. 2 ad. sk.

Great Coco Island, April ( W.

Davison).
Little Coco Island, March

{W.D.).
Port Coruwallis, X. Andamans,

April (J.
S. Andamans, Jan., Feb., Mav,

July {R. G. W. R.).
S. Andamaus, July (R. J.

Wimherley).
Aberdeen, April, May ( W.

Davison).
Port Mouat, Dec., Jan., April

(W. Davison).
Haddo. Dec. 23 (W.

Davison).

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

PHOENICOPHAIN^. 307

x-d'. S ? ad. sk. Port Blair, Aug. {R. J. Wim- Hume Coll.

berk I/) .
(-',/'. d ? ad. sli. Port Blair, June 17 {Ji. J. SeeboLm Coll.

Wimherley).

32. Centropus unirufus.

Pvrrliocentor uuirufu.?. Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. ILein. iv. p. 118, note
'(1862); Walilen, Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 5G (1872), ix. p. 164 (1S75).
Centropus uuirufus. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 214, no. 8973.

Adult. Entire plumage deep rufous, slight!}' darker above than
below ; the feathers from the forehead to the mantle have darker
glos.sy shafts than those of the throat and fore part of the chest ;
the quills with broad brown ends ; bill green, passing into yellow
towards the tip and on the edges ; legs olive-brown. Total length
15-7 inches, culmen I'o, wing 0'3, tail 9, tarsus 1"7.

Hah. Philippine Islands.

a. Ad. .sk. Manila {Maifland Hcriot). Tweeddale Coll.

Subfamily III. PHCENICOPHAINiE.

Kei^l to the Genera.

a. Tarsus never twice the length of the
culmen; bill never entirely black.
a'. Nostrils expo.sed ; with no abnormal
feathers on the bead.
a". Bare ophthalmic patch separated
from tbebill by a band of feathers :
tail-feathers with white ends.
a!". Bill long and slender, much

longer than tarsus 19. Sauhothera, p. 369.

b'" . Bill shorter and stouter, not
longer than tarsus.
«'. Bill compressed at the sides ;
culmen strongly arched.
Sexes very similar in plu-
mage.
«'. Bill rather more compressed,
and with no green colour
on it.
«". Larger : bill black with
the exception of a large
patch of orange on the
lower mandible ; wing
and tail glossy, the for-
mer green, the latter
blackish 20. IIyktohnis, p. a72.

368

CTTCULIB^.

6". Smaller.

d? . Back, wings, and tail

rufous 21. PiAYA, p. .373.

b' Back, wings, and tail

glossy greenish blue. . 22. Zanclostomu s, p. 380.
(P . General colour isabel-
line ; eyelashes very

strongly developed . . 23. Taccocua, p. 381.
V". Bill rather less compressed
and partially green ; wings

and tail glossy green .... 24. Khopodytes, p. 384.
b^. Bill rather wide and not com-
pressed at the sides ; culmen
nearly straight. Sexes dis-
similar ; wings chestnut ; J

head grey, $ head rufous . . 25. Rhinohtha, p. 302.
h". Bare ophthalmic patch joining the
bill with no separating band of
feathers,
c'". Nostrils not pierced through an
operculum,
c'. The ophthalmic bare patch ex-
tends across the lorehead ;
nostril-slit horizontal, linear
and not basal ; feathers of the
head and neck forked ; with

white ends to tail-feathers . . 2G. Ph(ENIC0phaes,p. 805.
#. The ophthalmic bare patch
confined to the sides of the
head ; feathers of the head
and neck not forked ; no
white on the plumage ; with
the throat chestnut.
c'. Nostrils placed in a hori-
zontal groove,
c". Nostril-opening elongated :

oplithalmic patch grey ; [p. 306.

wings and tail purple ". . 27. Rhamphococcyx,
d^. Nostril-opening roundish ;
ophthalmic patch red ;
wings and part of tail

metaUic green 28. Rhinococcyx, p. 307.

rf*. Nostrils not placed in a hori-
zontal groove.
e^. Nostrils not placed in a

groove, and roimd .... 20. Urococcyx, p, 398.
f'. Nostrils placed in a per-
pendicular groove 30. Dryococcyx, p. 400.

d'". Nostrils opening in an oblique

slit through a swollen oper- [p. 401.

culum 31. Ceuthmochares,

V . Nostrils covered. With abnormal
feathers on the head.
c". With elongated red eyebrow-tufts. 32. Dasylophus, p. 403.
iT!' . With hoary tips to some of the [p. 404.

feathers of the head 33. Lepidogrammus,

h. Tarsus not less thnn twice the length

of the culmen ; bill black \ . . 34. Coua, p. 405.

v.). sAURormiKA. fjQj^

19. SAUEOTHERA.

Saurothera, Viem. Anah,,e, p. 28 (ISIG) ^ . y.'^'^tui.^.

liamjc. Bahamas and Greater Antilles,

Key to the Species,
a. Primaries bright rufous.

a'. SmaUer: wingless than G inches, tail less
than 9 inches.
a". Upper throat rufous buff; crown ashy

liKe the back. . /•••.„„

h". Upper throat white ;' criw^ brown," con-' '^'''"'''"^^'' P" -^^O-

trasting with the back „g^,,/., ^ -.^^^

6 . Larger : wing more than 6 inches, tail more ' ^^ ' ^^

tlian 9 inches,
c". Crown and mantle rufous-brown ; size

larger. . . ;• . ,^

vieilloti, p. a71.

1. Saurothera dominicensis.

Cuculus vetulus _(«ec Linn.), Less. Man. Orn. i. p. 121 (18-^8)
Coccyzuspluvialis («ec Gm.), Tenim. Tahl. Metli.v,. 53 183G)
Si'T/Tl''9T''^>^'^';,f'!:- '' ^«^- ^-^-184^ p. 355;

^loox;, la. u.jiaitlii- lSannomimio,yi. 98 (1885~) • VZ r?V »

v'^^Usn ? «^ 'T/7f •:,^'^^ 1^'^' p- i6sVk.;f is if

_ p. dbJ (188b) ; id. B. West Lndies, p. 157 (1889).
Coccyzus dommicensis, Schl. Mm. Pays.Bas,Cnm\i, p. 40 (1864).

Adult. Above ashy brown, slightly glossed with olive on the wings

Ixllnt' "J^^^ ^''T ?^^*^5' '^""^'^ ^^^"^ '^^«^'^' l"-™«"es
h v.- r ' , ^'"''f f ^y-°li^« e°^^«' '-1 fe^ of the outer secondaries

aving a portion chestnut; tail-feathers with broad black ends to
the centre ones which band becomes subterminal on the remaining

cctnces, these being broadly tipped with white ; sides of the head and
the underparts rufous buff, with the exception of the lower throat
and the tront half of the chest, which 'arc ashy whitrind the
under surface of the quills, which is similar to their uppei' "rfaco
-Ba c skin round the eye bright red : bill and legs slaty (C. B. Ooru).
Total length 1, mches, ciilmen 2, wing 5-4, tail S-(y, tarsus 1-5.

±lab. H. Domingo.

a, b Ad. sk. San Domingo. Purchased

c. V act. 8k. San Domingo, Jan. (C. B. Cory). Schiter Coll

d, e. cJ ad. sk. San Domingo, Nov.; Dec. '^ Salvin-Godman Coll.
. . , , (t. B. Cory).

/,/7. Ad.sk. Haiti. IBarunMaltzam.

VOL. XLX,

2b

370 cucxJLiDji;.

2. Saurothera vetula.

Cuculus vetula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 169 (1766).

Saurotliera vetula, <Si!ey«. Gen. Zool. xiv. p.. 216 (1826); Gosse, B.

Jamaica, p. 273 (1847) ; id. III. B. Jamaica, pi. 74 (1849) ; Bp.

C'oHsp. Av. i. p. 96 (18501 ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 90

(1862) ; Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 323 (1862) ; Alhreolit, J.f. 0. 1862,

p. 202 ; March, Froc. Acad. Philud. 1863, p. 283 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 208, no. 8896 (1870) ; Scl. S,- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

p. 107 (1873) ; A.8f E. Neivton, Handb. Jamaica, p. 109 (1881) ;

Cory, List B. W. Ind. p. 18 (1885) ; id. Auk, iii. p. 363 (1886) ;

id. B. W. hidies, p. 157 (1889).
Saurothera jamaicensis, Lafr. liev. et Mag. Zool. 1847, p. 354.
Coccyzus vetulus, Schl. 3Ius. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 39 (1804).

Adult. Very similar to 8. dominicensis, but differing in having the
upper half of the head and upper hind neck brown, contrasting
strongly with the mantle ; cheeks, lower portion of the ear-coverts,
chin, and throat white, slightly tinted -with grey on the sides of the
throat ; entire under surface of the body rufous buff ; the under tail-
coverts occasionally white. Bare skin round the eye very small.
Total length 14-7 inches, culmen 2, wing 4-9, tail 8, tarsus 1-25.

Mab. Jamaica.

a. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (0. 6'a/w«). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. (S ad. sk. Spanish Town, March Salvin-Godman Coll.

( TV. T. March).

c. Ad. sk. Jamaica Seebohm Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Tweeddale Coll.

e. /. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.

g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Capt. Hamilton [P.].

/*. 5 ad. sk. Jamaica. Gosse Coll.

i. 5 ad. sk. Moneague, Feb. Bryant Coll.

3. Saurothera merlini.

Saurothera merlini, D'Orb. Hist. Nat. Cuba, p. 152, pi. 25 (1839) ;
Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 359 ; Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 97 (1«50) ; Gundl.
J.f. O. 1856, p. 104; id. Journ. Bost. 8oc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 319
(1857) ; Brewer, Froc. Bost. iSoc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 307 (I860) ;
Cab. 4 Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 91 (1862) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.
p. 208, no. 8899 (1870) ; Gundl. Rep. Fisico Nat. Cuba, i. p. 208
(1870); Scl. Sr Salv. Norn. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (187.3); Gundl.
J.f 0. 1874, p. 158; Cory, ListB. W. Ind. p. 18(1864): id. Auk,
iii. p. 363 (1886) ; id. B. West Indies, p. 158 (1889).

Coccyzus merliui, Schl. Mus. Fays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 40 (1864).

Saurothera gigantea, Lafr. MS.

Saurothera havanensis, Wurtt. MS.

Adidt. Above rufous, shaded with brown on the crown, back, and
mantle, and with a more olive gloss on the secondaries and tail-
feathers, the latter with white ends and rather broad subterminal
black bars to all but the centre ones ; primaries bright rufous with
olive-brown ends ; sides of the head slightly greyer than the crown ;

19. SAUEOTHEHA. 37]

tliroat brownish white, i)alest on the chin and centre ; lower clicst,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts golden chestnut; under Aving-
coverts rufous bull' ; under surface of the quills bright rufous, vnth
brown ends to tlio feathers. Total length 22 inches, culmcn 2-2
wing 7-cS, tail 13, tarsus 1-8.
J/ab. Cuba.

rt. Ad. St. Cuba. Edward Wilson,

/ Aj 1 ... Esq. rr.].

A A ^ • o"^'?; Salvin-Godman C„I1

c. Ad sir. SauCnstoval(&'. 7''.r,V/«»,(v). Salviu-Godman Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.

4. Saurothera bahamensis,

Saurothera vetula (iiec Lhm.), Bryant, I'roc. Bost. i>uc. Nat Hist

vii. p. 106 (185U).
Saurothera baliauiensis, Bri/ant, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 280

(1804) ; Cvry, B. Bahama Is. p. 116, cum tab. (1880) : id. List B.

IV. Ind. i.p. 18 (188.J); id. Auk, iii. p. 364 (1886); id. B. W

Indifis, p. 159 (1889).

" Above pale olive, showing slightly greenish reflections ; throat
and breast dull greenish white, belly and crissum tawny ; primaries
mostly rufous ; tail-feathers, except the two centre ones, tipped with
pale brownish white ; legs slate-blue ; soles of the feet yellow ;
eyelids vermilion-red ; upper mandible brownish, shading into slate-
colour at the base ; iris brown. Total length IS inches, win"- G-25
tail 9-5, tarsus 1-8." (C B. Cory.)

Ilah. Eahama Islands.

a, b. Ad. sk. Bahamas {Governor Blake). Sclater Coll.

o. Saurothera vieilloti,

Saurotliera vetula {nee Linn.), Vicill. N. Diet, x.wii. p .34s • id Gal
Ois. i. p. 25, pi. 38 (1825) ; Less. Man. Orn. p. 121 ( 18-'8) ■ id
_ Traite, p. 144 (1831); Lafr. Rev. et May. Zool. 1847, p. 357.

Saurothera vieilloti, Bjk Comp. i. p. 97 (1850) ; id. P. Z. S 1857
p. 234; A. .i,'- E. Neioton, Ibis, 1859, ]>. 378; Sel. Cat. Amer. B p 3^4
(1862) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 91, note (1862) ; Tat/lor
Ibis, 1864, p. 170 ; Stmdev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Fbrh. 1869, p. 699 •
Gray, Haml-l. B. ii. p. 208, no. 8898 (1870) ; Sel. 8,- Sal v. Nom
Av. Aeolr. p. 107 (1873); Giindl. An. Soe. Esp. Hist. Nat. vii
p. 2:30(187H); Cnri/, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 155 (1881)-'
Corij, List B. W. Ind. i. p. 18 (1885) ; id. Auk, iii. p. 363 (1880) •
td. B. W. Lidies, p. 158 (1889).

Adult. 'EuiuG upper parts nearly uniform brown, all but the two
centre tail-feathers having white" ends and a subtorminal black
baud ; throat and fore part of chest brownish white : remainder of
the under surface of the body and the under tail-coverts golden
chestnut; under wing-coverts and basal portion onlv of the inner

2b2

372 CTTCULID^.

margins of the quills rufous buff. Total length IT'-i inches, cul-
men 1-7. wing 5*4, tail 10-3, tarsus 1-2.

Hob. Islands of Porto Rico and St. Thomas.

f7, b, c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (C. B. Cory), Salvin-Godmau Coll,

d. Ad. sk. Porto Rico. Bryant CoU.

e. Ad. sk. Porto Rico {Dr. Bryant). Sclater Coll.
/. Ad. sk. St. Thomas. Purchased.
g. Ad. sk. Bieque Island (Riise). Sclater Coll.

20. HYETORNIS. ^

Type.

Hyetornis, Scl Cat. Am. Birds, p. .321 (1862) H. plu^^alis.

Hyetomantis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 203, note H. pluvialis.

Range. Confined to Jamaica.

9, Hyetornis pluvialis.

Cuculus pluvialis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 411 (1788); Wald. i6?s, 1869,

p. 336. _
Coccyzus jamaicensis, Sartl. Verz. Mus. Bretn., Nachtr. p. 16.
Piaya pluvialis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4.57 (1846) ; Gusse, B. Jamaica,

p.L'77 (1847); Dts Murs, Iconogr. Orw. texte topl.65 (184S); Gosse,

III. B. Jamaica, pi. 9 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. Ill (1850); Scl.

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79; Albrec.ht, J. f. O 1862, p. 203 ; March, Proc.

Ac. Philad. 186.3, p. 283 ; Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 33.
Piaya cinnamomeiveutris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. .321, 1847,

p. 80 ; Des Murs, Iconogr. Orn. pi. 65 (1848).
Ptiloleptis pluvialis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 6 (1854).
Hyetornis pluvialis, Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. .321 (1862) ; Cab. ^- Heiiie,

'Mns. Hein. iv. p. 80 (1862) ; Scl. ^- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

p. 108 (1873) ; A. ^- E. Newton, List B. Jamaica, p. 109 (1881) ;

Cory, List B. TV. Ltd. i. p. 19 (1885) ; id. Auk, iii. p. 3.36 (1886) ;

id. B. TV. Lulies,-^. 161 (1889).
Hyetomantis pluvialis, Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 203 note.
Coccyzus pluvialis, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 39 (1864).
Hyetornis pluvianus, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 212, no. 8939 (1870).

Adult. Upper half of the head and hack of the neck deep slaty
grey ; mantle and back olive-brown, with a strong olive gloss on the
wings and upper tail-coverts ; tail purplish black, with white ends
to all of the feathers ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat pale ashy,
passing into white towards the chin ; remainder of under surface,
under wing and tail-coverts deep chestnut; under surface of the
quills uniform dusky olive : " bill black, genys pale grey ; iris hazel ;
feet bluish grey'' (P. H. Gosse). Total length 17'9 inches, cul-
men 1'7, wing 7*2, tail 11"7, tarsus 1"5.

Rab. Jamaica.

a, b. Ad. st. Jamaica. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Salvin-Godman Coll.

d-g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Seebohm CoU.

k, i. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater CoU.

k. (5 Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica, Feb. Bryant CoU.

/. Sternum. .Tamaica. Go.«se Coll.

21. piATA. 373

21. PIAYA.

Type.

Piaya, Less. Traite Orn. p. 139 (1831) P. caj^ana.

Coccycua, Less. Traite Orti. p. 142 (1831) P. minuta.

Pyrrbococcyx, Cab. in Schomh. Eeis. iii. (1848) p. 713 . . P. cayana.
C'occyzusa, Cab. S^ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 89, note. . P. minuta.

Range. The whole of Central America, and South America as far
as Bolivia and the Argentine llepublic.

Key to the Species.

a. Larger ; throat pink, chest pearl-grey cayana, p. 373.

h. Smaller ; throat chestnut ; breast blackish with
no pearl-grey.

a' . Bill red ; crown grey melanorjastra, p. 377.

Zi'. Bill yellow; crown deep chestnut like the

back minuta, p. 378.

1. Piaya cayana.

Cuculus cayanus, Linn. Sust. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766) ; Wald. Ibis,

1869, p. 335.
Cuculus ridibundus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 414 (1788) ; Wald. Ibis,

1869, p. 336.
Tingaru, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Pax. (1) ii. p. 265 (1805) ; Hartl.

Syst. Ltd. Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Cuculus rubicundus, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 109 (1816).
Coccyzus macrocercus, Tieill. Num. Diet. viii. p. 275 (1817) ; id.

Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1347 (1823).
Coccyzus ridibundus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 277 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Meth. iii. p. 1348 (1823).
Cuculus mexicanus, Swains. Syn. B. Me.v., PJiil. May. i. p. 440

(1827).
Coccvzns cavanus, Wayl. Isis, 1831, p. 524; Neinmed, Beitr. Naturg.

Bras, iv.'p. 329 (1832); Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 115 ; Tsch. Faun.

Per., Orn. pp. 40, 255 (1845) ; Bur^n. Thier. Bras. ii. p. 265(1855) ;

Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 211, no. 8925 (1870).
Piaya cayana, Less. Traite, p. 140 (1831) ; Cass. Proc. Ac. Philad.

iv. p. 91 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115; Des Murs in Cast.

E.vp. Am. Mcr., Ois. p. 17 (1855) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 18(i0, p. 285 ; id.

Cat. Amer. B. p. 321 (1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 58

(1804) ; Tai/lor, Ibis, 1864, p. 93 ; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 346

(1866) ; Scl. 4- Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 585 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.

p. 272 (1871) ; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 307; Wyatt, t. c. p. 379;

Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 393; Scl. ^- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neofr.

p. 108 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 537, 633 ; Bidyw. Proc. U.S.

Nat. Mus. ix. p. 162 (1886); Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 372; Scl. ^^

Hudson, Aryent. Orn. ii. p. 30 (1889).
Coccyzus cayaueusis. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 323 (1837).
Piaya ridibunda. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846).
Pyrrhococcvx cavanus. Cab. in ScJiomb. Bcis. Brit. Guiana, iii. p. 713

(1848); Cab.^- Heine, Mits. Hein. iv. p. 86, note (1862); Cab.

J.f. O. 1862, p. 109.
Piaya cayanensis, Gambel, Journ. Ac. Philad. 1849, p. 215.
Piava macroura, Gambel, t. c. p. 215 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 285.
Piaya circe, Bp. Consv. i. p. 110 (1850); Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 821

(1862).

374 CUCPLID^.

Piaya mehleri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 110 (1850); ScL P. Z. S. 1855,

p. 163, 1858, pp. 75, 460, 1859, p. 146, 1860, pp. 95, 285 ; id. Cat.

Amer. B. p. 322 (1862) ; Schl. Mvs. Pays-Bas, Cuciili, p. 57

(1864); Scl. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 177; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 156;

Scl. Sf Salv. t. c. pp. 280, 752, 758; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 211,

837 ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 323 ; Scl. S,- Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 296 ;

Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 48.
Pia3'a -viridirostris, Wiirtt. MS. ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6

(1854).
Ptilopterus ridibundus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854).
Piaya mexicanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 308, 1858, p. 359, 1859, p. 388 ;

id. Si Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 133; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 285; id. Cat.

Amcr. B. p. 322 (1862); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 5

(1864) ; Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 204 ; Ridgiv. Proc. U.S. Nat. 3Ius. ix.

p. 162 (1886).
Piaya thermophila, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 368 ; id. 8r Salv. Ibis, 1860,

p. 43; Taijlor, t.c. p. 118.
Piaya nigricrissa, Scl.. P. Z.S. 18C0, pp. 285, 297; id. Cat. Amcr.

B. p. 322 (1862) ; id. i<( Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 366, 1866, p. 195;

Lawrence, Ann. Lye. JV. Yorli, viii. p. 177 (1866) ; Tacz. P. Z. S.

1874, p. 548, 1877, p. 328, 1879, p. 240.
Pyrrhococcyx mehleri, Cab. J. f. 0. 1862, p. 167; id. ^ Heine, Mus.

Hem. iv. p. 83 (1862).
Pyrrhococcyx macrurus, Cab. J.f. O. 1862, p. 168; id. S,- Heine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 86 (1862).
Pyrrhococcyx nigi-icrissa, Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 169; id. Sf Heine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 85 (1802).
Pyi-rhococcyx mexicanus. Cab. J.f. O. 1862, p. 170; id. ^- Heine,

'Mus. Hein. iv. p. 82 (1862); Finsch, Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem.

1870, p. 356.
Pyrrhococcyx columbinus. Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 173; id. Sf Heine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 82, note (1862).
Pyrrhococcyx mesunis, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 83, note

(1802).
Pyrrhococcyx pallescens, Cab. ^ Heine, t, c. p. 86.
Cuculus cinnamomeus, Licht. MS. in Mus. Berol.,Jide Cab. 8f Heine,

Mus. Hein. iv. p. 82 (1862).
Pyrrhococcyx guianensis. Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 85 (1862).
Pyrrhococcyx circe, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 587.
Coccyzus macroiirus. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 211, no. 8926 (1870).
Coccyzus mexicanus. Gray, t. c. p. 211, no. 8930.
Coccyzus pallescens, Gray, t. c. p. 211, no. 8931.
Coccyzus guianensis, Gi-ay, t. c. p. 211, no. 8932.
Coccyzus mesurus. Gray, t. c. p. 211, no. 8933,
Coccyzus cohimbinus, Gray, t. c. p. 211, no. 8934.
Piaya cayana mehleri, Nuii.inq, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.x. p. 401 (1882),

vi. p. 376 (1883), vii. p. 388 (1884).
Piaya cayana nigricrissa, Tacz. Orn. Pc'rou, iii. p. 186 (1886).

Adult. Above dark rufous, with a violet gloss on the wings and
tail, slightly paler and browner on the crown, the quills passing
into dark brown at the ends ; all the tail-feathers with white ends
and subterminal black bars ; sides of the head pinker than the
crown ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire throat pink ; chest pearl-
grey, passing into leaden grey on the thighs and into dusky blackish
on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; under surface of the tail

21. PIAYA.

375

black, with white ends ; under wing-coverts pearl-grey ; quills
rufous, paler on the basal portions of the inner webs and tipped
with brown: " iris bright crimson ; bare patch rouud the eye red
on the upper half, greyer on the lower half; bill yellowish green,
greener at the base ; legs leaden grey " (Taczanoivsli). Total length
19"-4 inches, culmen 1-1, wing G, tail 13*1, tarsus 1-4.

The dark portion of the tail underneath varies from black to
chestnut.

Ifah. The same as that of the genus.

a. Ad. st. Mexico.

b. Ad. sk. Mexico.

c. d. cS ? ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Dec.

(A. Forrer).

e. Ad. sk. Putla.
/. c? ad. sk. La Concepcion {Boucard).
(J. c? ad. sk. Bolafios, Jalisco, Fob. ( W. B.

Richardson),
h, i. (S ad. sk. Hac. S. Marcos, Zapotlan,

Jalisco, May ( W. Lloyd),
k, I. cJ ad. sk. San Bias, Tepic, April, May

( W. B. Bichardso7i).
m. (S ad. sk. Zapotlau, Jalisco, Dec. ( TV. B.

Richardson) .
n, o. c? ad. sk. Colima, Dec, Jan. ( W. B.

Richardsoti).
p. Ad. sk. Acapulco,Guerrero, Sept. (ilf/'s.

H. H. Smith).
q. Ad.sk. Acapidco, March (^.-ff.i¥«r^-

ham).
r. 5 ad. sk. Xantipa, Guerrero, Sept. {Mrs.

H. H. Smith),
s. 2 ^^- sk. Chietla, Canton de Chiantla,

Dec. {Ferrari-Perez),
t, u. (S ad. sk. Juchatengo, Oaxacu, April

{M. Truxillo).
V, 10, Ad. sk. Oaxaca {Fenochio).

x-h'. (S ad. : (•', Tampico, Feb., March ( W. B.
d',e'. 2ad.sk. Richardson).

f . iVd. sk. Tamaulipas ( W. B. Richard-

son).
<j . $ ad. sk. Vallcs, Sau Luis Potosi, May

( W. B. Richardson).
Misautla, March {F. U. G.).
Misantla, Dec. {M. Truxillo).

h'. c? ad. sk.
i'. S ad. ; W , l'

2 ad. sk.
m', 2 ad. sk,

n , o. S ad. sk.

p'. (S ad. sk.

q. 2 ad. .sk.

r', s' . Ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.

Cofre de Perote, July {M.
Truxillo).

Coatepoc {M. Truxillo Sf Fer-
rari-Perez).

S. Lurenzo, Canton de Cor-
dova, Dec. {Ferrari-Perez).

Playa Vicente, Dec. {M.
Truxillo).

Jalapa {F. D. G. $,- de Oca).

Jalapa {de Oca).

Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohni CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll,

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

376

u', v'. (J ad. ; w'.

2 ad. sk.
x', y'. Ad. st.

z', a". Ad. sk.
h". 2 ad. sk.
fi". c? ad. sk.
d", e". Ad. sk.

/". Ad. sk.
(/". Ad. sk.
h". Ad. sk.
«". c? ad. sk.
k". Ad. sk.

l"-p". Ad. sk.

(?"-<". Ad. sk.

u". Ad. sk.

?^". c? ad.; w",
a:", «/", 2 ad.
sk.

z". Ad. sk.

a'-e\ Ad. sk.
/^ Ad. sk.
g^, h'. Ad. sk.
P. (S ad. sk.
k\ Ad. sk.
/^ Ad. sk.
m^. Ad. sk.
w^. Ad. sk.
o\ Ad. sk.

2)^- Ad. sk.
y^ 2 ad. sk.

r\ Ad. sk.

s\ Ad. sk.

il 2 ad. sk.
m\ Ad. sk.

v^. Ad. sk.

Jt?^, .r^ Ad. sk.
«/\ c? ad. sk.

Ad. sk.

a\ Ad. sk.

h\ c\ 2 ad. .9k.

Orizaba, Dec. {F. D. G. ^- Fer-

ran-Perez).
Atoyao, May (Mrs. H. H.

Sinith).
Teapa, Feb. (Mrs.H. H. Smith).
Tonala, Dec. {F. Snmichrast).
Tabi, Yucatan, Feb. {F.D. G.).
Peto, Yucatan, April (6-'. F.

Gautner).
Buczotz, April (G. F. Gaumer).
Merida, March ( G. F. Gaimier).
Temax, May (6'. F. Gaumer).
Izalam, Feb. (G. F. Gaumer).
Northern Yucatau {G. F.

Gaumer) .
Mugeres Island, Dec. {G. F.

Gaumer).
Holbox Island, Dec. {G. F.

Gaumer).
Meco Island, Nov. ((?. F.

Gaumer).
Western District, British Hon-
duras [F. Blancaneau.v).

Belize, British Honduras (F.

Blanca7ieaux).
Guatemala.
Retalhuleu (O. S.).
Duefias (O. S.).
Izabal, June (O. S.).
Coban (O. S.).
Cajabon (O. S.).
Chisec (O. .S'.).
San Geronimo (O. »S'.).
San Pedro, Honduras (G. M.

Jjniitehj).
Chontales, Nicaragua ( T. Belt).
Angostura, Costa Pica, March

(J. Carmiol).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica,

March (F. Arce).
Tucurriqui, Costa Pica (F.

Arce).
Castillo, Veragua {F. Arce).
Chepo, Panama.
Paraiso Station, Panama (A.

HuffJies).
Panama {J. McLeajman).
Minca, Santa Marta, U.S. Co-
lombia, Jan. (2000 ft. ; F.

A. A. Simons).
Valle Dupar, Santa Marta,

Feb. (700 ft.; F. A. A.

Sivions).
Santa Marta.
Envigado, Autioquia (7*. K.

Salmon).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sah'in-Godraan Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

d\ e\ Ad. sk.
f\ ? ad. sk.
(j\ h\ i\ Ad. sk.
k\ l\ Ad. sk.
wi',«',o*. Ad.sk.
p\ Ad. sk.
q\ Ad. sk.

»•',«'. Ad.sk.

t\ »'. Ad. sk.
t''. Ad, St.

«'', a'. 6 2 ad.

sk.
2/'. d" ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.

a'-d\ Ad. sk.
e^ d' ad. sk.
r, r- 6 2 ad.

h\ Ad. sk.
i\ Ad. sk.
A;^ (5 ad. sk.
V. (S ad. sk.
m^-q\ ^ 5 ad.

sk.
r'\ Ad. sk.

s', t\ Ad. sk.
e<', ?)", w''. Ad. sk.
.r'-rf". Ad.sk.

€'■;/". Ad.sk.
c/', /^'^ Ad. sk.
i'K Ad. sk.
/c". 2 ad. sk.
/", wi". d 2 ad.

sk.
n". Ad. sk.
o''',p''; (f. Ad, sk.
r". c5 ad. .sk.
s". c? ad. sk.

21. PFATA.

Medellin (T. K. Salmon).

Coloinhia.

Bogota.

Ecuador.

Quito, Ecuador.

Pallatanga, Ecuador (i. Fmser) .

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Z.

Fraser).
Santa Rita

Buckley),
Venezuela.
British Guiana.

377

Seebohm Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godnian Coll
Tweeddale Coll.
Salviu-Godmau Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Ecuador (C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bartica Grove, British Guiaua,

Oct. (//. Whitely).
Camacusa, July (H. Whitdy).
Maroni Eiver, Surinam {Kap-

pler).
Cayenne.

Para, May (A. H. Wallace).
Para, Aug. (F. L. Layard).

Rio Negro.

Eastern Peru {Tschudi).
Pebas, June (J. Hauxivell).
Huiro, July {H. TT^ifely).
Yquitos, April, Aug., Sept.
^ (Zf. WMcly).
Chanchamayo, Aug. (H.

Whitely).
Juanani, Bolivia (C. Buckley).
Brazil.

Chapada, Matto Grosso, Oct.,
Nov., Feb., March, June
(//. H. Smith).
Pernambuco (W. A. Forbes).
Bahia (Dr. Wucherer).
Novo Fribourgo (J. Youds).
Rio Claro (Joyner).
Sao Paulo {Joy tier).

Rio Grande do Sul.
South Brazil {J. Natterer).
Uruguay, Aug.

Tucumau, Argentine Republic,
June.

Seebohm Coll.
Royal Geographical

Society [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sahdu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Alan Peel, Esq. [P.].
H. Durnford, Esa.
[C.]. ^

2. Piaya melanogastra.

^' liiMsS^j.^ssr'' ^' '^^"'' ^■^'^- '^''"- '• ^'- ^^' ^^'^^^' "«''/•

^''''^^"' "'f,%/'^*^'^i"' ^'''''''^- -^^"''- ^ict. viii. p. 236 ; id. Eno. Mith.

Macropus caixana, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 54, pi. 43. fi.r. 1 (1824)
Piaya brachyptera, Less. Traite, p. I4O (1831); Wald.Ibis'im

Mi'liu.-^ coiallirhynchus, Less. Sev. Zool. 1840, p. 1.

378

CtrCTTLTD^.

Phcenicophaus corallirliynchiis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 7o9 (1845).
Pyrrhococcyx brachvpterus, Cab. in-Schomb.Reise Guiana, iii. p. Tl-l

(1848).
Coccygus brachypterus, Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 266

(1856).
Cuculu3 amaurocephalus, Licfit. in Mus. Berol.,Jide Cab. ^ Heine.
Pyrrhococcyx melanogaster, Cab. ^- Heine, Mtis. Hein. iv. p. 88 (1862).
Piaya melanogastra, Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 59 (1864) ;

Scl. S^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 752, 758 ; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 273

(1871) ; Scl. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1873) ; id. P. Z. S.

1873, p. 296 ; Tacz. Orn. Peroti, iii. p. 188 (1886).
Coccyzus melanogaster, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 211, no. 8927 (1870).

Adult. Above chestnut, with the forehead and crown grey ; quills
with dark-brown ends ; all the tail-feathers with white ends and
broad black subterminal bars ; sides of the head grey like the
crown ; ear-coverts and the entire throat, neck, and front of the
chest rufous ; under wing-coverts slaty grey ; quills chestnut, with
brown ends : " bill red ; irides crimson ; legs and claws slate-
colour" (//. Whitchj). Total length 15-3 inches, culmen 1'3,
wing 5-4, tail 9-3, tarsus 1-4.

Hah. Guiana, Amazonia to Eastern Ecuador and Northern Brazil.

a. Ad. sk.

b, c. Ad. sk.
d,e. c? 2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i, k, I. Ad. sk.

m. Ad. sk.

n, o. Ad. sk.
2). 2 ad. sk.
q. cj ad. sk.

South America.
British Guiana.
Bartica Grove, British Guiana,

Sept., Nov. {H. Whitely).
Cayenne.
River Amazons.
Kio Negro.
Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons,

May, Sept.
Chyavetas, E. Peru, July {E.

Bartlett).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C.BucJdey).
Borb'a, Brazil, Feb. (J.Natferer).
Borba, Brazil, May [J.Natterer).

3. Piaya miniita.

Old Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,

Zoological Society.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Edward Bartlett,

Esq. [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Cuculus cayanus, var. /3, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766) ; Wald.

I6is, 1869, p. 335.
? Cuculus rutilus, III. AbJiandl. Berl. Ak. Wissensch. 1812, p. 224.
Coccyzus minutus, VieilL Notiv. Diet. viii. p. 275 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 1346 (1823) ; Burm. Thier. Bras. ii. p. 267 (1855).
Coccvi!US rutilus, Vieill. Nouv. Did. viii. p. 277 (1817) ; id. Enc. Meth.

p. 1348 (1823) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 212, no. 8936 (1870).
Macropus caixana, pt., SpLv, Av. Bras. i. p. 54, pi. 43. fig. 2, 2 (1824).
Coccyzus caixana (wee Spix), Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 207 (1826).
Cuculus monachus, Cuv. Mus. Paris, Jide Less.
Coccycua monachus, Less. Traite, p. 142 (1831) ; Pucher. Rev. et

Mar/. Zool. 1853, p. 68.
Piaya minuta, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846); Scl.P.Z.S. 1860,

p 297 ; id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 322 (1862) ; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad,

p. 348 (1866) ; Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 195, 1867, p. 585,

1870, p. 782, 1873, p. 296, 1879, p. 537 ; id. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

21. PTATA.

379

p. 108 (1873); Layard, Ihh, 1873, p. 313: Tacz. Om. PSrou, iii.

p. 187 (I88(i).
Piava rutila, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 457 (1846) ; Sd. P. Z. S. 1800,

pp. 28"), 297; C(if>. S,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 88 (18G2); VeJz.

Om. Bras. p. 273 (1871) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 333.
Pyrrhococcyx niinutus, Cah. in ^clwmb. Eeise Guiana, iii. p. 714

(1848).
Coccyzica monachus, "Less." Burm. Thier. Bras. ii. p. 2G7 (185.5),

note.
PyiThococcvx rutiliis, Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 88 (1862) ;

Heine, J. f. O. 1863, p. 356 ; Inisch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 587.
Coccyzusa rutila, Cab. ^ Heine, JIus. Hein. Tli. iv. p. 89 (1862) note.
Coccyzusa gracilis, Heine, J. f. 0. 1863, p. 356.
Piaya gracilis, Scl. S,- Salv. P'.Z. S. 1864, p. 366.
Coccyziis gi-acilis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 212, no. 8937 (1870).

Adult male. Above uniform deep chestnut, shading into dark
brown on the ends of the primaries, the tail-feathers darkening
almost into black next to their moderately broad -white ends ; sides
of the head and throat chestnut like the crown ; chest grej', washed
with pale rufous ; abdomen and under tail-coverts darker and more
dusky ; under surface of the wings chestnut, paler on the coverts,
and with dark brown ends to the quills ; bill yellow, shaded with
scarlet on the lower mandible ; iris red ; legs pale grey. Total
length 10"2 inches, culmen O'S, wing 3-9, tail 6-2, tarsus 1-05.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
10"3 inches, cidmen 0'75, wing 3"9, tail 6*2, tarsus 1.

Hab. From Panama to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, Central
Brazil and Guiana,

a, b. S 2 ^d. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
ff. (5 ad. sk.
/(. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
JH. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
0. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.

q. (S ad. sk.

r. (S ad. sk.

s. $ ad. sk.

t. S ad. sk.

M. Ad. sk.
v-y. Ad. sk.
z, a'. Ad. sk.

Panama {J. McLeannan).
Panama (J. McLeannan).
MedeUin, Antioquia {T. K.

Salmon).
Bogota.
Bogota,

Merida,Veuezuela(^-i.6'oe>7>?y).
Demerara.
British Guiana.
Cayenne.
Tiinidad.
Trinidad.
Ecuador.

Babahoyo, Ecuador (L.Fraser).
Balzar Mts., Ecuador {Illiny-

worfk).
Saravacu, E. Peru {U. Bart-

leit).
Pebas, E. Peru, June (J. Hau.v-

tcelt).
Villa Maria, Brazil, Sept. (J.

Natterer).
Villa Maria, Brazil, July (/.

Xafterer).
Brazil.

South America.
South America.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

SeeboLm Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Zooloiiical Society.
Seebobm CoH.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll.

Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.

380

CFrTTLm.^:.

22. ZANCLOSTOMUS.

Type.

Zanclostomus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 323 (1837) Z. javanicus.

Range. From Southern Tenasserim down the Malaj'an jDoninsula
to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

1. Zanclostomus javanicus.

Phcenicophaes javanicus, Sorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 178 (1822) ;
id. Zool. Research. Java, pi. 57 (1824) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 216
(1826) ; Vig. Mem. Raffl. p. 070 (1830) ; Less. Traite, p. 132
(1831); Eijton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105; Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas,
Cuculi, p. 55 (1864).

Coccyzus rubiirostris, Drap. Did. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 558 (1823).

Piaj'a cbiysogaster, Cuv.,Less. TrazVe, p.l40 (1831); S. Mull. Land-
en Volk. p. 234 (1839-44) ; Pucker. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853,
p. 67.

Piaya erytlirorhyncha, Less. Traite, p. 141 (1831) ; Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. As. Soc, App. p. xix (1852).

Zanclostomus javanicus, Sicains. Class. B. ii. p. 323 (1837); Blyth,
J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 1097 (1842), xiv. p. 200 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 4G0 (1845) ; Bhjth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 76 (1849) ; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 99 (1850) ; Korsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. L Co. ii.
p. 688 (1856-58) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 458 ; Cah. !^- Heine,
Mus. Hein. iv. p. 64 (1862) ; Gray, Hand-l. B.ii. p. 206, no. 8730
(1870) ; Shajpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 606, fig. 13; Salvad. Ucc. Borneo,
p. 75 (1874) ; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 472 (1874) ; Blyth .5- Wald.
Cat. Mamm. ^ B. Burma, p. 81 (1875); Tweedd. Ihis, 1877,
p. 287; Hume, Str. F. vi. pp. 167, 506 (1878), viii. pp. 54, 89
(1879); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793;
Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 54 ; ^. Miill. J. f. O. 1882, p. 409 ; Blasius,
Verh. zoo/.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. p. 33 (1883) ; Nicholson, Ibis,
1883, p. 87 ; Gates, Handh. B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 125 (1883) ;
Everett, Journ. Straits Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 175; Sharpe,
Ibis, _1890,_p. 13.

Melias javanicus, 5^>. Consp. Tol. Zyr/od. p. 5 (1854).

Adidt. Above leaden grey, very strongly glossed with bluish
green on the mantle, wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail ; the featliers
of the forehead and crown with elongated black hair-like shafts ; a
small patch of bare skin round the eye bright blue ; cheeks and
throat tawny buff; chest leaden grey, slightly washed with buff;
abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts chestnut ; under surface of
the wings blue-grey, partially mottled with rufous buff on the
coverts : " bill bright coral-red, gape duller ; iris blackish brown ;
legs plumbeous green " {Davison). Total length 18 inches, culmen
l-.3o, wing 5-5, tail 10-7, tarsus 1-3.

Hah. The same as that of the genus.

a, b. Ad. sk.

Java {Horsfield).

c, d. S $ ad. sk. Java {A. R. Wallace),
e. Ad. sk. Borneo.

/. 5 fid. sk. Matang, Sarawak, April (H.

Everett).

India Museum.
(Types of the species.)

Rajah Brooke [P.].
Seebohm Coll.

23. TACCOCUA.

381

U, h, I. cJ ad. ;

Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (f. Bvch).

Tweeddale Coll.

k. 2 ad. sk.

/. Ad. 8k.

Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E. C.
Buxton).

Tweeddale Coll.

7)1. Ad. sk.

Singapore.

Tweeddale Coll.

V. Ad. sk.

Singapore.

Goidd Coll.

0, p. c? ad. sk.

Jobore, March, Sept. ( W.
Davison).

Hume Coll.

q. Ad. sk.

Pulo Seban, Malacca, Nov. 10
( W. Damson).

Hume CoU.

/•, ,s. Ad. sk.

Malacca {Dr. Cantor).

India Museum.

t, u. Ad. sk.

Malacca {Dr. ilainrjay).

Tweeddale Coll.

y-A'. Ad. sk.

Malacca, Jan., Jul}', Aug.,
Sept. ( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

I'. Ad. sk.

Klang, Salangore, March 20
( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

m'. Ad. sk.

Pe.tak.

Seebobm Coll.

«'. Ad. sk.

Penang.

Hume Coll.

(''. (S ad. sk.

Malewoon, Tenasserim, April
20 {A. L. Hough).

Hume Coll.

//. Ad. sk.

Malewoon.

Gates Coll.

<1, '•', »'• 6 ad.

Bankasoon, Feb., April, Nov.

Hume Coll.

etimm.; <'. J

( W. Davison).

ad. sk.

«'. $ ad. sk.

Tavoy, April 13 (TF. Davison).

Hume Coll.

v'. Skeletou.

Java.

23. TACCOCUA.

Purchased.

Type.

Taccocua, Less.

Traite Orn. p. 143 (1831)

T. sirkee.

Acentetus, Cah.

.^ Heine, Mm. Hei?i. iv. p. 102 (18(

y2) . . . . T. sirkee.

liiDvje. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon.

1. Taccocua sirkee.

Oentropus sirkee. Gray, 111. huh Zool. i. pi. 26 (1830).

Taccocua leschenaulti. Less. Traife, p. 144 (1831) ; Blijth, J. A. S.

Bvnq. xiv. p. 201 (1845); id. i>; Wald. Cat. B. Mas. As. Soci^.l!

(184'J) ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 352 (1862) ; Holdsworth, P. Z. S.

1872, p. 433 ; ILime, Nests ^- Eggs Ind. B. p. 145 (1873) ; Sharpe,

P. Z. <b'. 1873, p. 602, lig. 5 ; Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 285 ; Butler,

Str. F. V. p. 218 (1877)': Davidson ^- TVenden, op. cit. vii. p. 79

(1878); Hume, op. cit. viii. p. 55 (1870); Legge, B. Ceylon, i.

p. 200 (1880) ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 56 (1880) ; Butkr, t. c. p. 880 ;

Davison, op. cit. x. -p. '-Hil (1881); Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 411;

Suinh. >.y Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 64.
Coccyzus chrysogaster {7iec Cuv.), Royle, III. Bot. ^-c. Himalai/an

Mts., List B. p. 78 (1837) ; Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I.

Co. ii. p. 687 (1856-58).
Zanclostomus sirkee, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 233 (1840) ; Bh/th,

J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 1098 (1842), xii. p. 246 (184^3) ; Gray, Hand-l.

B.il p. 207, no. 8877 (1870).
Centropus cuculoides, Smith, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 650 (1841) : Horsf,

Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 687 (1856-68).

382 CUCULIDiE.

Taccocua infuscata, Blyth, J. A. S. Bene/, xiv. p. 200 (1845) ; id. Cat.

B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 77 (1849) ; Hors'f. ^ Moore, Cat. B.Mm. E. I.

Co. ii. p. 687 (1856-58) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 353 (1862) ; Scidly,

Str. F. viii. p. 258 (1879).
Taccocua sirkee, Blyth, J. A. 8. Benq. p. 201 (1845) ; id. Cat. B.

Mus. As. Soc. p. 77 (1849) ; Ilorsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co.

ii. p. 687 (1856-58) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 353 (1862) ; id. Ibis, 1872,

p. 10; Hume, Nests 8,- Eggs Ind. B. p. 145 (1873) ; Adam, Str. F.

i. p. 374 (1873) ; Ball, op. cit. ii. p. 395 (1874) ; Reid, op. cit. x.

p. 28 (1881) ; Davison, t. c. p. 300 ; Gates, ed. Humes Nests ^

Ef/gs Ind. B. ii. p. 408 (1890).
Taccocua affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 19 (1846) ; id. Cat. B,

Mtis. As. Soc. p. 77 (1849) ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 354 (1862) ; Hume,

Nests ^ Eggs Lid. B. p. 146 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 394

(1874), iii. p. 290 (1875); Fairbank, op. cit. iv. p. 255 (1876);

Ball, op. cit. vii. p. 208 (1878).
Zauclostomus ailinis, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 23 (1849) ; id.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 207, uo. 8878 (1870).
Zauclostomus infuscatus, Grai/, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 23 (1849) ; id.

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 207, no. 8876 (1870).
Taccocua sirki infuscata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854).
Taccocua sirki cuculoides, Bj^. I. c.
Acentetus infuscatus, Cab. Sf Heine, Miis. Hein. iv. p. 102, note 1

(1864).
Acentetus afEnis, Cab. Sf Heine, t. c. p. 103, note 2.
Acentetus sirki, iid. ibid, note 3.
Acentetus lescbeiiaulti, iid. ibid, note 4.

Phajnicopliaes sirkee, Schl. Mus. Bays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 56 (1864).
Zauclostomus leschenaulti, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 207, no. 8879

(1870).

Adult. Above pale brown, glossed with olive on the quills and
two centre tail-feathers ; remainder of the tail blackish, with broad
white ends to the feathers ; the shafts of the feathers of the head,
neck, mantle, and front of the chest strong, glossy, and blackish,
forming bristles, especially on the front of the head ; sides of the
head paler, with a partial white eyebrow, with strong black bristles
forming eyelashes ; under surface of body rufous, paler on the
throat and almost white on the chin and shaded on the sides of the
lower throat with the colour of the upper parts ; lower abdomen
and under tail-coverts inclining to dusky brown ; under wing-coverts
rufous-buff; under surface of the quills silvery brown, with their
inuer webs narrowly washed with rufous: "bill red, yellowish at
tip ; gape black, and a dark patch on the sides of the upper man-
dible; iris brown; legs greenish slate-colour" (Davison). Total
length 17 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 6*1, tail 9-6, tarsus 1-7.

Nestling. Differs from the adult in having rather broad black
shaft-stripes to the feathers of the head, throat, and chest, while
most of the feathers of the mantle, back, and tail have rufous edges.

After selecting six specimens in good plumage, representing all the
races recognized by ornithologists, I find that their measurements
entirely fail to yield a specific character. The palest specimen from
the Punjab is of a pale ochreous-brown colour, with the two centre
tail-feathers slightly darker and glossed with olive ; one from Simla

23. TACCOCUA.

383

is darker aud strongly shaded with rufous, cspeeiall}- on the crown.
The specimen fully described above is also from Simla. A Saugor
specimen is equally dark, but greyer, with no rufous or buff shade ;
one from Kandala is very slightly darker both above and below.
Specimens from the Ehotan Dooars are very similar to the last, but
still slightly darker beneath. A female bird from Ceylon (July)
agrees perfectly in the shade of the upper parts with the Kandala
and lihotan Dooars specimens, and is not darker on the breast than
individuals from the Punjab, Simla, and Bhotan Dooars. I therefore
can only recognize one species of Taccocua, admitting that it varies
very slightly in shade of colouring, probably according to the amount
of rainfall of the district which it inhabits.
Hah. The same as that of the genus.

a. 5 ad.sk.

b. Ad. sk.

c. d. $ ad, sk.
e. Ad. sk.

/. Imm. sk.

g. cJ ad. ; h, i.

2 ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk.
I, in. Ad. sk.
n,o. (5 $ ad. sk.
Pi q- d $ ad. ; r.

Juv. sk.
s-b'. c5' $ id. sk.

c'. 5 ad. sk.
d', (''. Ad. sk.
f',ff',h'. Ad. sk.
i', k', I', d $ ad.

sk.
7n'. Ad. sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
o'. 5 ad. sk.
p. 5 ad. sk.
q'. 2 ad. sk.
r'-M'. (S $ ad.

v'. rull.sk.
2v'. Ad. sk.
.!•', !/'■ $ ad. sk.
z'. Ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.

b",c". Ad. sk.
d",e",f'. rfiid.;
(/"-k". Ad. sk.
I". 2 ad. sk.
m". Ad. sk.
n". 2 ^^- ^^•
o". Ad. sk.
p". Ad. sk.

Sindh, Nov. 9 {Scrojie Doig).

Kulch.

Deesa, June {E. A. Butler).

Godra, Pauch Mahals, Sept.

N. Gujarat, Dec. (//. M.

James).
Kakroleo, Oodeypur, Feb.

Mount Aboo.

Erinpoorah, Oct.

Ajmere, Nov., Jan. {A. 0. JET.).

Sambhur, May, June {S. M.

Adam).
Gurgaou, Nov. to March ( W.

N. Chill).
Umbala, Feb. (Dr. Scott).
Kotegurh, Dec, March.
Simla, March, April.
Dehra Dlioou, Feb., March,

April.
Dehra Dhoou.
Jerripanie, Masuri.
Kumaon [Strachey).
Kumaou Bhabur, April.
Pareilly, Oct. {W. E. Brwks).
Rahimabad, Aug., Sept., Oct.

{G. lieid).
Lucknow, iMay 28.
Futteligurh, April, Oct.
Gondali (.S'. Pinwill).
Mogul Serai, Feb. (H'. B.

Brooks).
Oudh, Oct. '
Saugor, Dec, Jan.

Durharwa, Chumparuu, March.
Allahabad.
C'hunar, June 1.
Bebar.

Nepal ^" alley, Nov. 27 (J.
Sculli/).

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

T^^•eeddale Coll.
Hume Cull.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Colonel AVay [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.

384

g-". Ad. sk.
>•", s", t". Ad.

sk.
u". Ad. sk.
v", w", x". Ad.

sk.
y". Ad. sk.
z". 2 ad. sk.
a^, P. Ad. sk.
e^-^'. (5 5 ad.

sk.
^l $ ad.; r*.

(5' pull. St.
s\ 2 ^^- sk.

i'', ?<^ Ad. sk.

y^ cJ ad. ; w^,

3.^. 5 ad. sk.
»/3, 2;3_ ^ 2 ad.

sk.
«", 6". c? ad. ;

c*, fZ*. 2 ad.

sk.
e\ 2 ad. sk.

/', c? ad. sk.

ff^. Ad. sk.
A*, c? ad. sk.

t^ c? ad. sk.
kK Skeleton.

Nepal.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).

Sikliim.

Bhotan Dooars, Jan., Feb. (Z.

Mandelli).
Maiinblioom.
Sumbalpiir, Dec. 16.
Palamow, Feb.
Raipur, Dee., Jan.

Seoni.

Manpur, May 28.

Khandeish, Feb., May [J.
Davidson) .

Abmednuggar, Dec, Jan. {S.
B. Fairbank).

Khandala, April {S. B. Fair-
bank).

South Konkan, Marcli, April,
May (&'. Vidal).

Ratnagiri, June {J. Arm-
strong).

Kotagherry, Nilghiris, Sept.
{Miss Cockburn).

Anjango, Travancore.

Kandy, Ceylon.

Ceylon, July.
Nepal.

Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.

Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Colonel Swinhoe

[P.].
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hiune Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Colonel Legge [P.].
Hodorson Coll.

24. EHOPODYTES.

Type.

Rhopodytes, Cah. % Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 61

(1862) R. diardi.

Poliococcyx, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 606 R. sumatranus.

Range. India and Ceylon, ranging through the Eurmcse countries
to Cochin China, and down the Malayan Peninsula to Java,
Sumatra, and Borneo.

Key to the Species.

u. Feathers of the throat forked ; bare skin on

the sides of the head blue viridirostris, p. 385.

b. Feathers of the throat not forked ; bare skin
00 the sides of the head red.
a'. With no rufous on the plumage ; nostrils
rounded or oval, not elongated, and in-
clined upwards.
a". Largrer, wing over 5'5 inches.

24. RH0P0DTTE8. 385

a'''. Winy G'6 inches; fi'ont of the crown,
ej'ebrows, and throat less uniform,
these feathers having; clear black

shaft-sti-ipes trklig, p. Wo.

//". "Wing- fl-B inches; the feathers of the
crown, eyebrows, and throat less

striped elongatus, p. 389.

//'. Smaller, winj^ less than 5 inches.

v'". Paler, less grey beneath; chin
whitish ; lower throat and chest

washed with brownish yellow borneensis, p. 389.

d"'. Darker, chin, throat, and chest uni-
form leaden grey diardi, p. 390.

. Centre of the breast and the under tail-
coverts deep rufous ; nostrils elongated
and inclined upwards sumatnmus, p. 391.

1. Rhopodytes viridirostris.

Zaucloslouius viridirostris, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 223 (1840);
Bii/th, J. A. S. Beny. xiv. p. 200 (1845) ; Jerd. III. Ind. Orn.
pi. 3 (1847) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 76 (1849) ; Lmjard,
Ann. ^- Maq. Nat. Hist. xiii. 1854, p. 453 ; Horsf. l^ Moore, Cat.
B. Mils. E.I. Co. ii. p. 690 (1856-58) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p, 346
(18<i2); Holdsioorth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 432; Lec/ge, Ibis, 1874,
p. 16, 1875, p. 284; Hume, Str. F. iv. p. 458 (1876) ; Fairbank,
op. cit. V. p. 397 (1877) ; Leijije, B. Ceylon, i. p. 258 (1880).

Phoenicophaus jerdoni, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beny. xi. p. 1095 (1842), xii.
p. 246 (1843).

PhcEuicophaus viridii'ostris, Hartl. Nachtr. Verz. Vdg. Mus. Brem.
p. 16 (1844).

Melias viridirostris, Bp. Cunsp. J'ol. Zyyod. p. 5 (1854).

llhopodytes ^iridu'ostris. Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 63 (1862) ;
Davidson S, Wenden, Str. F. vii. p. 79 (1878) ; Bali, t. e. p. 207;
Hume, op. cit. viii. p. 89 (1879) ; Vidal, op. cit. ix. p. 55 ; Butler,
t. c. p. 389; Davison, op. cit. x. p. 306 (1881) ; Oates, ed. Hume's
Nests ^- Eyys Ind. B. ii. p. 399.

Adult irtule. Crown aud back dusky grey with a very slight
greenish gloss ; mantle, wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail glossy
olive, the latter with broad white ends to the feathers ; the feathers
deepening in colour on the sides of the head, becoming black on the
eyebrow and in front of the bare orbital patch, which is pale blue ;
uuderparts dusky ashy, streaked on the throat with rather broad
black shaft-stripes and narrow buffish-white edges ; centre of the
breast washed with buff; under surface of the quills black, the
coverts dusky grey, the whole glossed with greenish blue : " biU
very pale green ; iris dark brown ; legs and feet plumbeous "
(Davison). Total length 15-S inches, culmen 1-2, wing 5-2, tail 9"5,
tarsus 1*35.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
16-5 inches, culmen 1'2, wing 52, tail 9"5, tarsus 1'35.

Hab. Ceylon and Southern India.
VOL. XIX. 2 0

386

CUCULIDJ?.

a. Ad. tik.

b. Ad. sk.

c. cl. S 'id. sk.

e,f,(/. 6 ad.; h,

i. 5 ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
/. cJ ad. sk.
in. <S ad. sk.

11. (S $ ad. sk.

0, p. S 2 ad. sk.

(J, r. d ad.; s.

2 ad. sk.
t-w. c? ad. ; a'.

2 ad. sk.
I/, s, a'. Ad. sk.
b', c. Ad. sk.
d', e',f'. Ad. sk.
(/'. 2 ad. sk.
h'-o'. Ad. et

imm. sk.
p'. S ad. sk.
(?'-2''. (S ? ad.

sk.
w'-r'. Ad. sk.

Madras.

Madras (Jerdon).

Dumagudiam, S. of Godaveiy,
Jan., Feb. ( W.^ T. Blmiford).

Malvan, S. Konkau, Jan.,
March (G. Vidal).

Belgaum {E. A. Butler).

Shevaroy Hills, Salem, Nov.

Sivasamoodrum, Mysore, Aug.
(R. G. W. R.).

Mauantoddy, Wynaad, April
{W. Davison).

Seegore, Nilghiris, Dec, Feb.
(W. Davison).

KuUar, Nov., Feb. {W. Davi-
son).

Coonoor Ghat, April, Sept.
{R. O. W. R.).

Malabar.

Calicut.

Aujango, Travancore.

Rameswaren Island, Marcli.

Ceylon, Dec, July {S. Chap-
man ^ H. Nevill).

Cej'lon, March.

Ragaiu Korale, Aug., Sept.
{Jlarf).

Kandy, Ceylon ( Whyte).

T.C.J erdoDjEsq. [P.].
(Type of species.)
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Colonel Legge [P.].
Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

2. Rhopodytes tristis.

Melias tristis, Less. Traite Orn. 1831, p. 132; id. in Belang. Voy.

Ind. Orient. ZooZ. 1834, p. 231, pi. i.
Phcenicophaeus longicaudatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. x. 1841, p. 923,

xi. 1842, p. 1005, xii. 1843, p. 246.
Pbcenicophseus monticolus, " Hodys." Blyth, J, A. S. Beng. xi. 1842,

p. 1095.
PhcenicophcTeus montanus, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres,

pi. 342. fig. 212 (no. 212) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844).
Phoenicopbfeus tristis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. 1842, p. 928.
Zauclostomus tristis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1843, p. 246, xiv. p. 200

(1845) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 1849. p. 76 ; Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat.

B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. 1856, p. 691 ; Jerd B. Ind. \. 18G2, p. 345 ;

id. Ibis, 1872, p. 15 ; Hume, Nests ^- Eqqs Ind. B. 1873, p. 143 ;

Ball, Sir. F. 1874, p. 394 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 472, 1875,

p. 83 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm,. Sf B. Burma, 1875, p. 81 ; Oates, Str.

F. 1877, p. 144 ; David ^- Oust. Ois. Chine, 1877, p. 58.
Rhopodytes tristis. Cab. S/- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 64 (1862) ; Arm-
strong, Str. F. iv. 1876, p. 312 ; Hume, Str. F. v. 1877, p. 27, vi.

1878, p. 162 ; Ball, Str. F. v'n. 1878, p. 207 ; Hume, Str. F. viii.

1879, pp. 54, 89 ; Scully, t. c. p. 258 ; Bingham, Str. F. ix. 1880,
p. 168 ; Oates, Str. F. x. 1881, p. 196 ; id. Handb. B. Burmah, ii.,
1883, p. 121 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1887, p. 582, 1888,
p. 569; Oates, ed. Nests %■ Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 397 (1890).

Phcenicophaes tristis, Schl. Mus. F.-B. Cuculi, 1864, p. 54.

24. imOPODYTES.

387

Adult male. General plumage above ashy grey, glossed on the
back with olive-green and passing into bright metallic olive-green
on (ho wings and tail, with a shade of blue most pronounced on
the quills ; tail-feathers broadly tipped with white ; most of the
featliers of the crown with black shafts and those of the forehead
with partial white edges; sides of the head bare and scarlet; in
front of this bare skin a patcli of black feathers, above and below
edged with black and white, or with entirely white feathers ;
undcrjiarts ashy grey, paler towards the chin, and with black
shafts to the feathers of the throat ; the breast gradually passing
into dusky slate-colour on the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-
coverts, the latter generally glossed with green ; under wing-
coverts dusky ash-colour; under surface of quiUs uniform glossy
blackish blue : " bill pale green, tinted with rod from nostrils to
gape ; iris deep red-brown ; legs and feet dark greenish lead-
colour " (Davison). Total length 19 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 6-2,
tail 12-6, tarsus l-o5.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 21
inches, culmen 1-4, wing 6*7, tail 13, tarsus l'5o.

Ilab. Central and Northern India, extending throughout the
Bui'mesc provinces to Cochin China and Hainan, and down the
Malayan Peninsula.

a. Ad. sk.

Kaladoougi, Dhoou, Jan.

Hume Coll.

b. cJ ad. sk.

Ramnuggur, Kumaou Bhabm-,
^ Feb. 27.

Hume Coll.

e, d. Ad. sk.

Kumaon {Strachey).

India Museum.

e. Ad. sk.

Oudh Terai.

Pinwill Coll.

f-i. \A. sk.

Nepal.

Hodgson Coll.

(Types of P. montanm.)

k. Ad. sk.

Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).

India Museum.

/, m. $ ad. sk.

Godaveri, Nepal Valley, May,
Aug. (J. Scully).

Seebohm Coll,

n. Ad. sk.

Native Sikhim, June (L. Man-
delli).

Hume Coll.

o-tc. Ad. sk.

Sikhim, Feb., April, Aug., Oct.,
Nov. (X. Mandelli).

Hume Coll.

x-h'. Ad. sk.

Darjeeling.

Hume Coll.

c, d'. Ad. sk.

Buxa Dears, Feb. (i. Mandelli).

Hume Coll.

e'. Ad. sk.

Bhotan Uoars, Jan. [L. Man-
delli).

Hume Coll.

f-i. S ad. ; k'.

Shillong, July, Aug., Sept. (/.

Hume CoU.

$ juv. sk.

Cockburn).

T, m', n'. S ad.

DoUali, April, May, June (/.

Hume Coll.

, ^^V

Cockhurn).

0, p . cJ ad. sk.

Sadhya, April, June (/. Cock-
burn).

Hume Coll.

q. c? ad. ; ?•', s'.

Dibrughur, April, Aug. (J. R.

Hume Coll.

2 ad. sk.

Cripps).

/', u', v'. Ad. sk.

As.«am (McClelland).

ludia Museum.

w', .r'. Ad. sk.

Garo IliU.^.

Tweeddale Coll.

!/'. J ad. sk.

X. Khasia Hills, Jan. (A. W.
Ownnell).

Tweeddale Coll.

z', a". cJ ad. sk.

Cachar, Feb. (/. Inglis).

Forbes Coll.
2c2

3S

8

fctrcuMD.^;.

h"

. S ad. sk.

Phalel, Manipur, April {A. 0.

S.).
Commillali, Tipperali.

Hume Coll.

c'

. Ad. sk.

Hume Coll.

d'

, e",/'. c? ad.

Aracan Hills, Pegu, Jan., Feb.

Hume Coll.

sk.

{E. W. Oatps).

(J

, A". S ad. ;

Pegu, Sept., Dec, March {E.

Hume Coll.

i', k". $ ad.

sk.

-;/'. 6 2 ad.

•W. Oates).

I"

Rangoon, June, July, Dec. (i?.

Tweeddale Coll.

sk.

G. W. E.).

!?'

. S ad. sk.

China Ba-Keer, Dec. 20 (J.
Armstroncj) .

Hume Coll.

r'

-x". S $ ad.

Tonghoo, April, May, June {R.

Tweeddale Coll.

sk.

G. W. R.).

y'

. S ad. sk.

Karen-nee, March 26 {R. G.
W. R.).

Tweeddale Coll.

z

, a'. Ad. sk.

Kollidoo, Feb. {W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

¥

-e\ 6 ad.;/*-

Pahpoon, Dec, Jan. ( W. Davi-

Hume CoU.

z^. $ ad. sk.

S07l).

k'

. (S ad. sk.

Youn-za-leen, Dec. ( W. Davi-
son).
Theinzeik, Dec. ( TV. Davison).

Hume Coll.

P

Ad. sk.

Hume Coll.

in

3-g3. d^ ad.;

Kaukaryit, May, June, Aug.

Hume Coll.

r^. 5 ad. sk.

(J. Darliriff).

s'

tS ad. sk.

Thoungyah, Sept. 27 (/. Darl-
ing). '
Meplav, Thoungveeu, Oct. 12

Hume Coll.

f

(5 ad. sk.

Hume Coll.

(C. T. Binj/ham).

u'

. 2 ad. sk.

Myawaddy, Thoungyeen, Dec.

Major Bingham [P.]

v'

. $ ad. sk.

Thatone, Aug. ( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

zv

. Ad. sk.

Nedong, Attaran River, Dec.
( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

x'

, y\ 6 2 ad.

MoiUmein, March, Nov. (W.

Hiune Coll.

sk.

Davison).

z"

Ad. sk.

Moulmein, Oct. {R. C. Beavan).

Tweeddale Coll.

a'

. 6 ad. sk.

Assoou, March (J. Limborg).

Tweeddale Coll.

b'

6 ad. sk.

PabyoiUv, March ( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

f*

d\ 6 ? ad.
sk.
-P^ 6 2 ad.

Yeaboo, March {W. Davison).

Hume CoU.

e'

Amherst, Dec, Jan., Feb., June,

Hume Coll.

sk.

July {W. Davison).

?'

, ;'^. 6 ad. sk.

Karope, March (W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

s'

i!^. d' ? ad.

Meeta-Myo, April (W. Davi-

Hume Coll.

sk.

son).

u'

. c? ad. sk.

Tavoy, March ( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

v'

, iv\ 6 2 ad.

sk.

. 2 ad. sk.

Tavoy, April ( W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

X

Mergui, Dec (W. Davison).

Hume Coll.

y'

, s-*. 6 ad. sk.

Tenasserim Town, Nov. (W.
Davison).

Hume Coll.

a'

. Ad. sk.

Mekloug, Siam.

H. C. V. Hunter,

Esq. [P.].

b'

, c\ Ad. sk.

Cambodia (Mouhot).

Tweeddale Coll

d'

. 6 ad. sk.

Cochin China.

Seebohm Coll.

e'

Juv. sk.

Cochin China, Aug.

M. Pierre [P.],

f

2 ad. sk.

Hainan, Feb. (JS. Swinhoe).

Seebohm Coll.

9"

, A'. Skeletons.

Nepal.

Hodgson Coll.

I

24. RnopoTiYiTs. 389

3. Rhopodytes elongatus.

Phccnicopliaus elonf^atus, .S. MitU. Tijilnckr. Nat. Gesch. 1835, p. 342,
pi. 9. fig. 1 ; id. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Vollcenk. 1839, p. 234,
note ; Snelleman in Veth's Midden-Sumatra, Vor/. 1884, p. 34.

Zanclistomus elongatus, Grai/, Gen. B. iii. 1849, App. p. 23.

Zanclostonnis tristit<, Bp. (nee Less.) Conap. i. 1850, p. 99, part. : Si-l,
1\ Z. S. 18(33, p. 208.

Melias eloiifratu.9, Bj). Coiisp. Vol. Zj/fjod. 1854, p. 5.

Rhopodytes elongatus, Cab. i,- Heiiu'. Mi/s. Jlein. iv. p. 03 (18G2; ;
Sali-a'd. Ucc. Borneo, 1874, p. 70; Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Miis.
1886, p. .30.

Phoenicophaes elongatus, ScM. Mus. P.-B. CucuH, 1864, p. 56.

Adult male. Crown and back of the neck leaden grey, with
narrow black elongated shaft-stripes, passing on the back into slaty
grey slightly glossed with green ; wings and tail bright glos.sy
green, slightly bluer on the quills ; tail-feathers with broad white
ends ; a bare ophthalmic patch rugose and of a red colour, sur-
rounded above and below by white feathers and in front by black
ones ; chin white, passing into ashy on the throat and chest, which
latter inclines to buff down the centre ; lower breast and sides of
the body slaty grey, darkest towards the abdomen and thighs, and
shaded with glossy green on the under tail-coverts ; under surface
of the wings blue-black. Total length 22 inches, culmeu 1-3,
wing 5"7, tail 16, tarsus 1*35.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
19"7 inches, ciilmen 1-3, wing 5-7, tail 14, tarsus 1'35.

Yery similar to B. tristis, but differing in having a less amount
of stripes on the forehead, crown, and throat, and a stronger wash
of yellow on the lower throat and chest.

Hab. Sumatra.

a. $ ad. st. : d. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.

c-k. Ad. .sk. Sumntra. (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Coll.

/. Skeleton. Sumatra. Purchased.

4. Ehopodytes borneensis.

Melias borneensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyejod. p. o (1854).

Rhopodytes borneensis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 604 ; Salvad. ZIcc.
Borneo, p. 72 (1874); S/iarpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792; Blasius,
J. f. 0. 1882, p. 240 ; Everett, Joiirn. Straits Branch R. A.nat. Soc.
1889, p. 174.

Adult male. Very similar to R. elongatus, but much smaller, and
differing in the white eyebrow being extremely narrow and not
reaching forward to the forehead ; lower throat, centre of breast,
and abdomen brownish buff. Total length 13-4 inche-s, culmen 1-2,
wing .5, tail 8-2, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
12-7 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 4-8, tail 7'0, tarsus 12.
• Hah. Borneo.

a. Ad. sk. Borneo. Purchased.

6. Ad. sk. Lawas River, Borneo. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo (IT. Everett). Seebohm Coll.

390 CUCULID^.

5. Rhopodytes diardi.

Melias diardi, Less. Traite, p. 132 (1831) ; Pucher. Eev. et Mag.

Zool. 1853, p. 65.
Plioenicophaus tristis (nee Less.), McCleU. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 166;

Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 928, xii. p. 246 (1843).
Phcenicophaiis siimatranus {nee Paffl.), Blyth, J. A. S. Bene/, xii.

p. 246 (1843) ; ScM. Mus. Pmjs-Bas, Cuculi, p. 63 (pt., 1864) ;

Snelleman in Veth's Midden-Siimatra, Voff. p. 34 (1884).
Phoenicopbaus diardi, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xv. p. 199 (1845) ; Schl.

Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuciili, p. 54 (1864).
Zanclostomus diardi, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 460 (1846), iii. App. p. 23

(1849) ; Bes Murs. Iconuqr. Orn. pi. 19 (1849) ; Blyth, Cat. B.

Mus. As. Soc. p. 76 (1849) ; Horsf. Sf Mooie, Cat. B. Mus. E.I.

Co. ii. p. 690 (1856-68); Moore,P.Z.S. 1859, p. 468; Blyth ^

Wald. Cat. Mamm. ^- B. Burma, p. 81 (1875).
Phcenicophaeus nigriventris, Peale, U.S. E.t2)l. Exped. pp. 140, 141,

pi. 39. eg. 1 (1848).
Zanclostomus siimatranus, juv. (nee Raff,.), Bf. Consp. i. p. 99 (1850).
PlicBnicophaus nigriventris, Hartl. Arch, f, Nat. XTiii. p. 107

(1852).
Kbopodytes diardi, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 61 (1862) ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 604, fig. 9 (head) ; Jfiime, Str. F. iii. p. 319

(1875) ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 287 ; Hume, Sir. F. vi. p. 168,

viii. pp. 54, 89 ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 186 (1879) ;

Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 53; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Bicrmah, ii.

p. 122 (1883) ; Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mus. 1886, p. 31 ; Everett,

Journ, Straits Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 174.

Adult male. General colour of the upper parts dark olive-shaded
grey, the feathers of the head and neck with black shafts with hair-
like ends ; wings and tail glossj' blackish olive, slightly shaded
with blue, the latter with white ends to the feathers ; throat ashy
grey, with narrow black shafts to the feathers, gradually darkening
into dusky black on the lower breast, flanks, abdomen, thighs, and
under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts dusky ; quills imiform glossy
blue-black; bare ophthalmic patch rugose and crimson, with a
patch of short black feathers close to the nostril : " bill pale green ;
iris dark brown ; legs dark plumbeous green " (Davison). Total
length 14 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 5, tail 8-2, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
14"3 inches, culmen 1"4, wing 5, tail 9, tarsus 1"4.

Hub. From Southern Tenasserim, down the Malayan Peninsula
to Sumatra.

a. 2 *^d. sk. Usheetherrpone, Tenasserim Hume Coll.

River, Nov. ( W. Davison).

b. cT ad. sk. Hankachin, Feb. ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.

son).
c-g. (S $ ad. sk. Bankasoon, March to June Hume Coll.

( W. Daiison).
h,i. cJad. ;7c, $ Malewoon, Dec., Jan. {TV. Hume Coll.

ad. sk. Davison).

I. (S ad. sk. Kossoum, May (J. Darling). Hume Coll.

9w.Ad.sk, Perak, March (A'e^i^fo/i), ' Forbes Coll.

24. RHOPOTIYTES. 391

n-u. c^ad. ; v-y. Klannf, Jan. -March, July Hume Coll.

$ ad. sk. ( W. Davhon).

z. Ad. sk. Malacca {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

«'-?■'. Ad. sk. Malacca, July, Aug. {W. Hume Coll.

Davison),

h', V, m'. S ad. ; Malacca, Aug. {R. G. W. E.). Tweeddale Coll.

n'. 2 <id. sk.

o',p','/'- cJad. ; Pulo Seban, Oct., Nov. ( fF. Hume Coll

»■'■ 2 ad. sk. Daviso7j).

s'. Ad. sk. Chohoiig, Nov. (IF. Damon). Hume Coll.

f, 11. J ad. ; v'. Kurroo, Nov. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

$ ad. sk.

w'-c". cJ 2 ad. Nealys, Oct. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll,

sk.

d". Ad. sk. Singapore Island. Hume Coll.

e"-p". (S $ ad. Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (A. R. Tweeddale Coll.

et juv. sk. Wallace tV C. Boch).

q", r", s". Ad. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {£. Tweeddale Coll.

sk. C. Buxton).

6. Rhopodytes sumatranus.

Cuculus sumatranus, Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 287 (1822) ;

SfricM. J. A. S. Bern/, xiii. p. 391, note (1844).
Phcenicophaus sumatranus, Viq. Mem. Raffi. p. 671 (1830) ; Blyth,

J. A. 8. Ben;/, xiv. p. 199 (1845).
PLcenicopliaus crawfurdii, J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc. i. p. 3, pi. 3

(1831) ; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. lOo.
Zauclostomus crawfiu'dii. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 460 (1845).
Zanclostomus sumatranus, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 460 (1845) ; Blyth,

Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 76 (1849) ; Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E.I. Co. ii. p. 689 (1856-58) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 458; Scl.

P. Z. S. 1863, p. 208 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 207, no. 8884

(1870) ; Br'uyy. Abhandl. nut. Ver. Bremen, i. p. 455 (1877),

V. p. 455 (18S2).
Melias sumatranus, Bp. Cunsp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854).
Rhopodvtes sumati-anus, Cah. Sf Heine, Mus. Sein. iv. p. 62 (1862) ;

Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 73 (1874); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245;

Hwne, Str. F. viii. pp. 54, 89 (1879) ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 393 ;

Blasins, J.f. O. 1882, p. 246 ; A. Miill. t. c. p. 409 ; Blasius, Verh.

zool.-hot. Ges. Wien, xxxii. ]i. 23 (1883) ; Everett, Jutirn. Straits

Branch R. Asiat, Soc. 1889, p. 174.
Cuculus cristatus, " Licht. MS.," Cab. <$■ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 62

(1862).
Poliococcyx sumatranus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 606, fig. 14 (head),

1875, p. 104; Hu7)ie, Str. F. iii. p. 319 (1875); Oates, Handh. B.

Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 123 (1883) ; Sliarpe, Ibis, 1890, ]). 13.

Adult. General plumage above slaty grey : crown and back of
neck with black hair-like shafts to the feathers, and with a slight
gloss of green which increases in brilliancy on the back, wings, and
tail, the quills and outer tail-feathers inclining to bluish black ; all
the tail-feathers with moderately broad white ends; ophthalmic
bare patch rugose and orange-red, separated from the culmcn by
a narrow band of short black feathers ; throat slaty grey, slightly

392

CUCTOID^.

paler than the crown and with the same hlack hair-like shafts to
the feathers, and slightly glossed with green towards the chest ;
sides of the body and the thighs darker and more strongly glossed
with green ; centre of chest, abdomen, and nnder tail-coverts deep
rnfous ; under surface of wings glossy blue-black, slightly greyer
and greener on the coverts : " bill dull greener ; legs slaty ; claws
black ; iris bluish grey " (Davison). Total length 14-8 inches,
culmen 1-4, Aving 5-3, tail 8-4, tarsus 1-4.

Hah. Southern Tenasserim, down the Malayan Peninsula to Java,
Sumatra, and Borneo.

a-k. c? ad. : l-o.

2 ad. sk.
p. (5 ad. sk.
q. 5 ad. sk.
)•. Ad. sk.
s-d'. c? 2 ^^- 6t

imm. sk.
e'-h'. <S 5 ad. sk.

i', k'. Ad. sk.
I'. Ad. sk.
m'-p'. Ad. sk.

g'. 5 ad. sk.
?•', s. (S ad. sk.
t', u. d 2 ad. sk.
v'-z'. (S ad. ; a"-

d". 2 ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
/". Ad. sk.

(/"-k". d 2 ad.

sk.
l", m", n". Ad.

sk.
o",p". Ad. sk.
q". 2 ad. sk.

r". Ad. sk.
s" , t" . Ad. sk.

Mergui, June, July, Nov., Dec.
(TF. Davison).

BankasooD, June ( W. Davison).

Malewoon, April ( W. Davison).

Kopah, Dec. ( W. Davison),

Kossoum, April to June {J.
Darling).

Klang, Salangore, Feb,, April
(IF. Davison).

Malacca (Dr. Maingay).

Malacca (Dr. Cantor).

Malacca., July, Aug. (W. Davi-
son).

Pulo Seban, Nov. ( W. Davisoji).

Kuroo, Nov. ( TF. Davison).

Nealys, Oct. (TV. Davison).

Johore, March, July, Aug. ( W.
Davison).

Singapore (A. H. Wallace).

Singapore Lsland, Dec. ( W.
Davison).

Sumatra (A. R. Wallace).

Billiton.

Sarawak.

Santubong, SarawaJr, April

(.4. Everett).
LuHibidan (Sir Hm/h Lmo).
Labuan (Sir Hugh Loiv).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Rajah Brooke [P.].
Saivin-Godman Coll.

Seebolim Coll.

R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

[P.].

25. RHINORTHA.

Type.

Rbiuortha, Viej. Mem. Raffl. p, 671 (1830; R. chlorophisa.

Bubutus, Less. Traite, p. 143 (1831) R. chlorophsea.

Anadfenus, Swains. Class. JB. ii. p. 324 (1837) R. chlorophpea.

. Idiococcyx, Boie, fide Gray, List Gen. ^ Suhgen. B.

no. 1625 (1855) R. chloropha;a.

Range. Southern Tenasserim, through the Malayan Peninsula to
Sumatra and Borneo.

25. HnTNORTHA. 393

1. Rhinortha chlorophaea.

Cuculus chlorophfcus, Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 288 (1822).
Anadsenus rufcscens, Sirains. An. in Mcnag. p. .340 (1828); id.

C/a.sfi. n. ii. p. J124 (1837).
Pha-iiicopliaiis caniceps, Jlr/. App. Mem. Bajfl. p. G71 (1830).

Kbinortlia cliloiopbpea, Vh/. App. Mem. Raffl. p. 071 (1830) ;
Bhjth, J. A. 8. L'oiff. xi.'p. 024 (1842), xii. p. 240 (1843), xiv.
p. lOy (184o), xvi. p. 408 (1847) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc.
p. 70 (1849) ; Hor.sf. ^- Moore, Cat. li. Mus. E.L Co. ii. p. 692
(1850-58) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 458 ; Cab. ^- Seine, Mm.
Ilein. iv. p. 58 (1S02) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 208 ; Sliarpe, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 003 ; Sah-ad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 00 (i874) ; Hume, Str.
F. ii. p. 473 (1874) ; Bh/tk c^'- Tf'ahl. Cat. 3famm. S,- B. Burmah,
p. 82 (1875) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 104 ; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 34 ;
Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 287; mime cf- Davison, Str. F. yi. p. 166
(1878) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 245 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 54, 89
(1879) ; Sah-ad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 186 (1879) ; KeUtam,
Ibis, 1881, p. 394; Sharj^e, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792 ; Blasius, J.f. O.
li;<82, p. 245; A. Midi. t. c. p. 409; Kic/whon, Ibis, 1882, p. 54 ;
Brii(/ff. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 454 (1882); Oates,
Handb. B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 120 (1883) ; Nichohon, Ibis, 1883,
pp. 87, 242 ; Blasius, T'erh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. xxxii. p. 32
(1883); GuiUemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 400; Biittikofer, Notes
Lerjden Mus. 1886, p. 22; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 13.

Bubutus duvaucelii. Less. Traite, p. 143 (1831); id. in Belong. Voy.
Ind. Orient., Zool. p. 235 (1834).

Bubutus isidoii, Less. Traite, p. 143 (1831) ; id. in Bilang. Voy, Ind.
Orient., Zool. p. 234, pi. ii. (1834).

Coccyzus badius, Gray, Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 3.

rhcenicopbaus cblorocepbalus, Vig. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105.

Pbceuicopbaus viiidiiostris, Vig. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105.

Idiococryx cbloropbseus, S. Miill. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Vol-
Icenk. p. 234 (1839-44).

Phcenicopbaes cbloropbaeus, S, Miill. t. c. p. 234, note ; Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 51 (1804) ; SneUeman in VetKs Midden-
Sumatra, Vog. p. 34 (1884).

Rbinortha rufescens, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 923 (1842), xii.
p. 240 (1843).

Phwnicopbaus lucidu-s Bh/th, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 390 (1844).

Kbinortba lucida, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv". p. 199 (1845).

Anadrenus rufus, " Swains.," Bh/th, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 77
(1849).

Cuculus sumatranus, " Cuv. MS." (nee Raffl.), Cab. Sf Heine, Mus.
Ilein. iv. p. 59 (1862).

Kbinortba fasciolata, " Reichb. 5 '« Mus. Dresd.," Cab. S,- Heine,
t. c. p. 60.

Anada?nus ruficauda, Peale, U.S. E.vpl. E.rp. p. 142, pi. 39. fig. 2 ;
Hartl. Wicgm. Arch. Nat. xviii. p. 108 (185^).

Adult male. Upper half of the head and back of the neck chest-
nut : mantle and wings darker, the quills with brownish-black
ends; lower back, upper tail-covcrts, and tail dusky black, with
numerous narrow paler bars ; tail-feathers with rather broad white
ends ; a narrow black eyebrow ; bare skin round the eyo smooth
and of a bluish-green colour ; throat and front of the chest deep

894

CTTCFLID,?:.

rufous-buff, brighter than the crown, passing into dusky brownish
black on the remainder of the body and under tail-coverts ; under
surface of the wings similar to the upperside : " bill apple-green ;
legs dark plumbeous, claws black " (Davison). Total length 12-5
inches, culmen 1-2, wing 4-5, tail 7, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Upper half of the head and back of the neck pearl-
grey ; back, wings, and tail chestnut ; the quills with brownish-
black ends ; tail-feathers with white ends and broad subterminal
black bars ; throat and front of the chest greyish white, passing
into rufous-buff shaded with chestnut, and then into dusky rufous on
the abdomen and under tail-coverts : under surface of the wing
similar to above : " bill apple-green, skin round the eye bluish
green ; legs dark slate ; iris brown " ( Wardknv Ramsai/).

I have followed Mr. Davison in his determination of the sexes,
as I believe the sexes indicated on some of the labels of other
collectors to be incorrect.

Hab. The same as that of the genus.

a. c? ad. sk.

b. 2 ad. sk.

c. cj ad. sk.

d. $ ad. sk.

e,f. c? ad. sk.

ff-n. (S 5 ad. sic.

0, jh S fid. sk.
q, r. cS 5 fid. sk.
s, t, u. <S ad. sk.
V. c? ad. sk.

ip-c'. (^ ad. ; d'-

in'. 2 ad. sk.
n'-s'. (5" ad. ; t'-

2v'. 2 ad. sk.
•f'-(j". d ? ad.

sk.
r"-u".ida.A. ; v" .

5 ad. sk.
«o". (^ad. \x" ,y" .

$ ad. sk.
k". cJad-ia^ft^?

ad. sk.
c'-r/^. (J ad. ; Iv'-

P. 2 ad. sk.
m^, w^. cJad.; f/.

2 ad. sk.

f", ?'• 6 2 ad- ;

?'^. Juv. sk.
s' 6*. 6 2 ad. et

imm. sk.

Lemyne, Tenasserim, March 28
( W. Davison).

Tavoy, April 16 ( fF. Davison).

Thayetclioung, June 5 (W. Davi-
son).

Tenasserim Town, Nov. 26 ( W.
Davison).

Palaw-tou-ton, Dec. 29 ( W. Dam-
son).

Bankasoon, Feb., April, May,
June {W. Davison).

Malewoon, Jan.

Penang {Di: Cantor).

Penang.

AVellesley Province, Dec. {F. 8to-
liczka).

Klang, Jan. to April, July ( W.
Davison).

Malacca, August.

Malacca, July to Sept., Jan. ( W.

Davison).
Pulo Seban, Oct. (W. Davison).

Chohong, Oct. ( W. Davison).

Kurroo, Nov. ( W. Davison).

Nealys (TV. Davison).

J chore, Aug. ( W. Davison).

Singapore.

Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (C.Bock lS-
A.B. Wallace).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume CoU.

Hume Coll.

Oates Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

2(). piKENicornAiis. 39n

c*-e\ 2 ad.sk. Lampongr, S.E. Sumatra (7:-'. C. Tweeddale Coll.

JJuxtoit).

/',(/'. Ad. sk. Borneo. RaiabBrookeCoU.

//',''• c? 2ad.sk. Liibimn {Sir Hvf/h Low). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].

k\ I'. cJad. ; m', Lumbidau (H. Low). Seebohm Coll.

m'. 5 ad. sk.

o'. cJ ad. ;p\ qK Sarawak {H. Everett). Seeboom Coll.

$ ad. sk.

»•'. $ ad. sk. Mnrup, Sarawak (//. Everett). Socbolini Coll.

s', ^', m'. Ad.sk. Baujarinassiug (J. il/o/Ze?/). Tweeddale Coll.

26. PHCENICOPHAES.

Type.

Phociiicopbaiis, T teilL Analyse, pp. 27, 70 (1816). P. pyrrhocephalus.
Melias, Oloyer in Froriep's Notizen, xvi. p. 278

(1827) P. pyrrhocepbalus.

Aleetorops, /. S,- E. Vei-r. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855,

p. 356 P. pyn-bocepbalus,

Sanc/e. Confined to Ceylon.

1. Phoenicophaes pyrrhocephahis.

Cuculus pyrrbocephalus, Forst. Ind. Zool. p. 16, pi. G (1781) ; Gm.
Si/st. Nat. i. f. 417 (1788) ; Lat/i. Ind. Orn. i. p. 222 (1790) ;
fi^aUl. Ibis, 1869, p. 337.

Le Malkoba, LevaiU. Ois. Afr. v. p. 90, pi. 224 (180G) ; Sundev.
Krit. Framst. Levaill. p. 49' (1857).

Phteuicophaius pyrrhocephalus, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 59 (1815) ;
Vieill. X. Did. xviii. p. 461 (1816) ; id. Ene. Meth. p. 1340 (1823) ;
id. Gul. Oi.s. pi. 37 (1825) ; Eli/fh, J. A. S. Benq. xi. p. 927 (1842),
xiv. p. 199 (1845) ; Bhjth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p.75 (1849);
Lai/ard, Ann. l^ Ma//. Nat. His/. 1854, xiii. p. 453 ; Cab. S^- Heine,
M'ti.<. Ilein. iv. p. 68 (1862); Sehl. Mus. I'atjs-Bas, Cuculi,p. 53
(1864) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 205, no. 8865 (1870) ; Ilohhtcortfi,
r. Z. S. 1872, p. 433; IVahl. Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 52, fig. 8, head
(1872) ; Sliarpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 605, fig. 11 ; Hume, op. cit. viii.
p. 89 (1879) ; Ler/ge, B. Ceylon, p. 255, pi. 12 (1880) ; Parhei;
Ibis, 1886, p. 184.

Phoenicophajus leuCogaster, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 00 (1815) ;
Vieill. N. Dirt, xviii. p. 461 (1816).

JNIelias pyrrhocephalus. Less. IVaitc, p. 131 (1831).

Pbff nicophaus cevlonensis, Licht. in mus. BeroL ; Cab, Sf Heine, Mtts.
Hein. iv. p. 68 (1862).

Adult male. Forehead and entire sides of head red, denuded of
true feathers, but rugose especially over the eye and towards the
bill ; crown and back and sides of neck black streaked with white
terminal edges to the feathers, which are of peculiar form, as they
end in a fork, the end portion of their shafts being huir-likc and
denuded of webs ; back, wings, and tail deep glossy green, partially
shaded with violet-blue on the quills ; tail-feathers with broad
white cuds ; chin, lores, and cheeks white, with black shaft-stripea

39B

CTICTJLID.^.

to the feathers ; throat black, the feathers on the lower portion
with narrow white terminal edges ; all the feathers of the head
and neck of the same peculiar form ; breast and under tail-coverts
white, with the flanks and thighs mottled with dusky black ; under
surface of the wings glossj' blue-black : " iris brown ; bill apple-
green, paler at the tip, and the lower mandible lighter than the
upper ; legs and feet bluish slate ; claws brownish horn " ( W. V.
Lecige). Total length 18-2 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 5-8, tail 11-2,
tarsus 1"4.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male: "iris white"
{W. V. Legge). Total length 17*5 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 5"7,
tail 11'7, tarsus 1'4.

Hab. Ceylon.

a. Ad. sk.
h, c, d. Ad. et

imm. sk.
e-q. 6 $ ad. sk.

r, s. (S ad. sk.
t. (S ad. sk.

M, V. (S ad. sk.

ic. 2 ad. sk.

X, y. S 2 ad. sk.

Ceylon.

Ceylon, Jan., Aug. {Legge).

Eatnapura, Jan. to March (H.
Nevill ^- S. Chapman).

Eatnapma, Dec. {HaH).

Balongoma, April (<S'. Chap-
man).

Dambookke, July (6'. Chap-
man).

Friars Wood Forests, Cevlon,
Oct. (TF. V. Legge).

Baddegama, Cevlon, Dee.
( W. V. Legge).

Purchased.
Seebohm Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Hume Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

27. EHAMPHOCOCCYX.

TyiDe.

Rhamphococcyx, Ccth. ^- Heine, Mus. Hem. iv.
p. 65 (1862) R. calorhynchus.

Range. Confined to Celebes.

1. Rhamphococcyx calorhynchus.

Phoenicophaus calorhvncbus, Temm. PI. Col. pi. 349 (1825) ; Less.
Man. Orn. ii. p. 128 (1828) ; -S'. MitU. Verh. Nat. Ges. Land- en
Volk. p. 234, note (183!)-44) ; Schl. 31ns. Pays-Bas, Cuculi,
p. Afi (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865); 'Wallace, Malai/
Archip. ii. p. 340 (1869) : Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 205, no. 8866
(1870) ; Wald. Trans. Z. S. viii. pp. 52, 53, fig. 5 (1874) ; Le7iz,
J.f. O. 1877. p. 371 : Meyer, Lhis, 1879, p. 67; Briiyy. Ahhandl.
nat. Ver. Brem. v. p. 57 (1882): Guillemard, P'.'Z. S. 1885,
p. 549.

Melias calorhynchus, I^ess. Traite, p. 132 (1831).

Zanclostomus calorhynchus, Bhfth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 1098
(1842).

Phoenicophaus melanogaster (nee Vieill.), Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv.
p. 199 (1845) ; id. Cat. B. 3Ius. As. Soc. p. 75 (1849).

Phcenicophaus callirhvnchus, 5p. Consp. i. p. 98 (1850) ; id. Consp.
Vol Zggod. p. 5 (1854) ; J. ^- E. Verr. Pev. et Mag. Zool. 1855,
p. 356.

28. RHINOCOCCTX,

397

Rhanipbocoecyx calorhynchus, Cab. S^- Heine, Mvs. Hein. iv. p. 65
{im-2) ; Sharpe,P. Z. S. 1873, p. 60.3, fig. 12 (head) ; Salvad. Ann.
Mils. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 649 (1873) ; Cab. i,- Reichen. J. f. 0. 1870,
p. 324 ; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 324 ; id. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 392
(1880); Blasins, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii. p. 202 (1885).

Adult male. Forehead and crown leaden grey, as well as a
smooth bare patch on the side of the head ; neck and mantle rich
chestnut ; lower back slaty black ; remainder of the wings, upper
tail-covorts, and tail blue-black, with a strong violet gloss ; throat
and front half of the chest chestnut ; remainder of the body and the
under wing-coverts slaty black ; under surface of the quills violet-
black ; upper mandible with a broad subterminal portion black ;
a triangular basal portion at the gape including the nostrils red.
like the whole of the lower mandible ; legs and claws black. Total
length 21-1 inches, culmen I'S, wing 6-8, tail 13, tarsus 1-5.

Adult female. Similpr in plumage to the male. Total length 19-1
inches, cidmen 1"85, wing 0"9, tail 12, tarsus 1'6.

Hah. Celebes.

a. Ad. St.
b-h. Ad. sk.
i, k, I. S ad. sk.
ni~q. Ad. sk.
;•, s,t. (S ad. sk.
?<. Skeleton.

Celebes.

Celebes.

Menado, N. Celebes

Menado.

Macassar.

Meuado.

Piu'chased.
Seebohui Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Hume Coll.
Wallace CoU.
Purchased.

28. RHINOCOCCYX.
Khinococcyx, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 004, tig. 10
Ranje. Confined to the island of Java.

Type.
E, curvirostiis.

1. RMnococcyx curvirostris.

Cuculus curvirostris, Shaic S; Nodder, Nat. Misc. pi. 905.

Malcoha rouverdin, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 92, pi. 225 (1800);

Sundev. Krit. Framst. Levaill. p. 49 (1857).
Phcenicopb?etis tricolor, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 61, pi. 14 (1815) ;

Ei/fon, P. Z. -S;. 1839, p. 105.
Phreuicophaus viridis, Vieill. K. Diet, xviii. p. 462 (1818) ; id. Enc,

Meth. p. 1340 (1823) ; Less. 3Ian. Oin. ii. p. 127 (1828) : Sicains.

Class. B. ii. p. 324, fig. 286 c (1837) ; Haiti. Verz. Mus. Bremen,

1844, p. 95.
l*hcenicopbaus melanoguathus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 178

(1822) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 216 (1820) ; TVy. Mem. Raffl.

p. 070 (1830) ; Strickl. J. A. S. Ben</. xiii. p. 391," note (1844) ;

Bh/th, op. eit. xiv. p. 199 (1845) ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

EJ. Co. ii. p. 088 (1856-58).
Pha?uicopliaus viridirufus, S. Miill. VerJi. Nat. Ges. Land- en J'olk.

p. 234, note (1839-44) ; Bp. Consp. 5. p. 98 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol,

Zi/f/od. p. 5 (1854) ; J. >§• E. Verr. Jiev. et Mat/. Zool. 1855, p. 357.
Pbcenieopliaus curvirostris, Gra)/, Gen. B. ii. p. 459 (1845) ; Blyth,

Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 75 (1849) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859. p. 458.
Rbamphococcvx curvirostris. Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 60

(1802).

398 CUCTJLIB^.

Eliinococcyx curvirostris, Shmye, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 604 ; Nicholson,
Ibis, 1881, p. 140.

Adidt. Feathers of the upper half of the head leaden grej',
partially glossed with green and with elongated black hair-like
shafts ; back, wings, and basal two-thirds of tail brilliant deep
glossy green, shaded with violet and blue on the quills ; terminal
third of tail chocolate-brown ; round the eye a large patch
of rough skin without feathers, red, margined below by a broad
loral band of grey feathers ; chin pale grey ; throat, sides of neck,
and chest chestnut, darker on the latter part and passing into
chocolate-brown on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; flanks and
thighs dusky black glossed with green ; under surface of the wings
glossy blue-black', with a green shade on the coverts ; upper man-
dible pale green, with a small portion between the nostril and gape
black ; lower mandible black, with an orange mark along the keel.
Total length 19-5 inches, culmen 1-8, wing 67, tail 10-5, tarsus 1*65.

Hob. Java.

a. Ad. sk. Java. Earl of Derby [P.].

b, c, d. Ad. sk. Java {Horsfield) . India Museum.
e,f, g. Ad. sk. Java. Seebohm CoU.
h, i, k. Ad. sk. Java {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
I, 7n,n. Skeletons. Java. Purchased.

29. UROCOCCTX *.

Ranrje. From Southern Tenasserim down the Malayan Peninsula
to Sumatra and Borneo.

Key to the Species.

u. Throat, under tail-coverts, and portion of

tail bright rufous erythrognathus, p. ^398.

h. Throat chocolate-browu ; under taU-coverts

and entire tail glossy green , ceneicauda, p. 400.

1. Urococcyx erythroguathus.

Cuculus melanognathus (wee Horsf.), Raffl. Trans. Limi. Soc. xiii.

p. 287 (1822).
Phceuicophaeus viridis (>iec Vieill.), Blyth, J. A. 8. Bene/, xi. p. 927

(1842), xiv. p. 199 (1845).
Phceuicophseus erythrognathus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. 1844, p. 9o ;

Bp. CoTisp. i. p. 98 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854) ;

J. Si' E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855, p. 357 ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1863, p. 203; ScM. Mus. Pai/s-Bas, CucuW, -p. 49 (1864); Graij,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 206, no. 8868 (1870) ; Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 472

(1874) : Blyth Sf Wald. Cat. Mamm. 8,- B. Burma, p. 81 (1875) ;

Briigg. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. v. p. 455 (1877) ; Hume, Str. F.

* Type, U. erythrognathus.

29. UROcoccYx. 399

vi. pp. 165, 50G (1878) ; SneUeman in Teeth's Mkldcn-!Suma1ra,

Vo(j. p. 34 (1884).
rhcEnicopbrous curvirostris {nee Shmo), Blyth, Cut. B. Mus. As. Soc.

p. 75 (1849) ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 687

(IBoO-SS).
Khamphococcyx erythrognatluis, Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. Ilein. \\. p. 67

(1862) ; Sabad. Ucc. di Borneo, p. 74 ( la74) ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ.

Gen. xiv. p. 186 (1879); Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 54, 89 (1»79);

Kel/iain, I/ns, 1881, p. 393 ; Blasius, J.f. 0. 1882, p. 246 ; A. MM.

t. c. p. 409 ; ^'ickolson, Ibis, 1883, p. 242 ; Gates, Handb. B. Brit.

BurmaJi, ii. p. 124 ; Biittik. Notes Let/den Mus. 1884, p. 31 ; Guil-

lemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 406 ; Everett, Journ. Straits Branch M.

Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 174.
Rhopodvtes erytiirotruatlius, Sharpe, F. Z. S. 1875, p. 104 ; id. lbi.s,

1877, 'p. 8; Twecdd. F. Z. S. 1877, p. 287; S/iarpe, F.Z.S. 1879,

pp. 246, 328; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 245; id. F. Z. S. 1881, p. 793 ; id.

Ibis, 1890, p. 12.

Adult mule. Forehead, crowu, and back of neck leaden grey, the
latter glossed with olive ; back, wings, and basal two-thirds of tail
deep metallic green, glossed with blue on the quills ; a large rough
bare patch round the eye red, margined beneath by a grey loral
band ; chin grey ; throat and chest chestnut ; flanks, abdomen, and
thighs dusky black, partially washed with glossy green ; under
tail-coverts chocolate-brown ; under surface of wings glossy blue-
black, partially washed with green on the coverts : " bill pale green,
with a large portion of the lower mandible and a patch just below
the nostril dull red ; iris bright yellow : legs and feet bluish green ''
( IF". Davison). Total length 18'5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 6*8,
tail 10, tarsus 1'45.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
18-2 inches, culmen 1-7, wing 6'4, tail 10"7, tarsus 1*55.

Uah. The same as that of the genus.

a. $ ad. sk. Thoungyah, Tenasserim, Oct. Hume Coll.

(J. Darling).

b. S ad. sk. Yea, April ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.

c. $ ad. sk. Mergui Island, Dec. ( \V. Davi- Hume Coll.

son).

d. e. S 2 '^^- sk- Layuah, May (TI'. Davison). Hume Coll.
/. $ ad. .*k. Bahonee, Feb. (IF. Davison). Hume Coll.
//. $ ad. sk. Palaw-ton-ton,Uec. (TF. Dffiv- Hume Coll.

son),
h. S ad. sk. Foot of Mt. Nwalabo, April Hume Coll.

{W. Davison).
i-u. J $ ad. sk. Baukiisoou, Dec, Feb., AprU, Hume Coll.

June ( W. Davison).
V, tc, .('. (S $ ad. Alalewoon, Feb., March ( W. Htune Coll.

sk. • Davison),

y-li'. 6 $ ftd. et Kossoum, April, May, July {J. Hume Coll.

imm. sk. Darling).

/'-«'. cf $ ad. sk. Klang, Salangore, Feb. to April, Hume Coll.

Oct. ( W. Davison),
t'. Ad. sk. Malacca {Dr. Cantor). India Museum.

«', v', w'. Ad.; Malacca, May, Aug. (i>r. .Ifam- Tweeddale Coll.
.r'. Juv. sk. ^"i/)-

400

CUCULIB^.

y'-f" . Ad. et

imm. sk.
(/", h". (5ad. : i",

k". 2 ad. sk.
l"-p". cJad. ; q",

r". 2 ad. sk.
s" , t". c?ad. ; u",

v". 2 ad. sk.
w"-b\ S 2 ad.

et imm. sk.
c'-h\ S 2 ad. et

imm. sk.
i'-i^. 6 2 ad. et

imm. sk.
u^. Ad. sk.

v^. Ad. sk.
iv^,x^,y^. Ad.sk.
z\ Ad. sk.
a\ b\ c\ Ad. sk.
d\ Ad. sk.

Malacca, July, Aug. ( W. Davi-
son).
Pulo SelDan, Oct. ( W. Davison).

Pulo Seban,Nov. ( W.Davison).

Kuroo, Nov. ( W. Davison).

Nealys, Oct. ( W. Davison).

Joliore, March, Aug. ( W. Da-
vison).
Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (C. Bock).

Lampong, Sumatra (E. C. Bux-
ton).
[^Java.]

Sarawak {A. Everett).
Lumbidan (Sir Hugh Low).
Labuau.
Baujarmassing {J. Motley).

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hume Coll.

Hmne Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Tweeddale CoU.

Seebobm Coll.
Seebobm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Sir Hugh Low [C.].
Tweeddale Coll.

2. Urococcyx aeneicauda.

Phoenicophfeus ffiueicaudus, J. S)- E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. ISo.?,
p. 357 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 206, no. 8869 (1870) ; Wald. Ibis,
1871, p. 162 ; id. Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 52 (1872).

RhamphococcTX aeneicaudus, Cah. ^- Seine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 06,

note (1862).'

Adult (tj'pe of species). Similar to U. erythrognatlms, but with
the entire tail glossj green ; the grej- loral band below the bare
ophthalmic patch broader and darker ; throat darker and more
chocolate-brown, which colour barely extends on to the chest ; re-
mainder of the body dusky black, strongly glossed with green ;
under tail-coverts glossy green ; bill uniform pale green. Total
length 17'4 inches, culmcu 1-7, wing 6-6, tail 10, tarsus 1-5.

Hah. Unknown.

a. Ad. sk.

[Ceylon.]

Pm'chased.

30. DRYOCOCCYX.

Type.

Dryococcyx, Sharjye, Trans. Linn. Sue. (2) Zool. i. p. 321,
%. 1 (1877) D. harringtoni.

Range. Confined to the island of Palawan.

1. Dryococcyx harringtoni.

Dryococcyx harringtoni, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i-
pp. 321, 351 (1877) ; id. Ibis, 1888, p. 198 ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1890,
p. 46.

PhcEnicophaes harringtoni, Wald. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 613 ; Wardlaio
Mamsay, App. Ttveedd. Orn. Works, p. 656 (1881).

31. CEirrHMOCHARI S. 4Ql

Adult female Forehead and crown leaden grey, imrtiaUv -lossed
with green, and w th elongated hair-like sha J'to the feathers
back Avings, and basal two-thirds of tail glossy metallic green'

eS "^ T'' f''' '"^ '^' ^"^^^ ' ^^>" ^"^^ ^ f^^ «f the^ oral

feathers grey ; throat, entire breast, thighs, and under tail-coverts

with rufous on the wmg-coverts : "iris light brown, orbital and
loral space deep crimson; biU light green tinged with olive • feet
and legs lead-grey ; nails dark grey" (A. Everett). Totar knAh
17 inches^ cidmen 1-75, wing 6-3, tail 11, tarsus 1-6. °

■ttao. Palawan.

"' .*■ o f.f ■ ii '■' '^' ^V^"" Pi'iuce.^, Palawan, Tweeddale CoU.

;/ , • ^"^- ^^^-y J'l"- (A. Everett).

f. Ad. sk. Palawan. E. Lempriere, Esq. [G.].

31. CEUTHMOCHARES.

CeuthmocLares, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hem. iv. p. 60 (1862; . C.^neus.
lianc/e. The whole of Africa south of about 15" N". lat.

Key to the Siyecies.

a. Bluer: tail never entirely gi-een.

a'. Darker : wings and tail uniform violet-blue •

with no shade of green on the plumage . . . .' flavirostn^ n Jnl
b\ Paler: wing, and tail bluish Ji-een; centre-^ ' ^•

7, ,...^|'"'-*^f '>"•« strongly shaded with gi-een .... (eneus, p. 402.

b. \N ith no blue nor violet on the pliunage ; entu-e

wmgs and tail glossy green australis, p. 403.

1. Ceuthmochares flavirostris.

Zanclostomus Havirostris, 6'«wn5. 5. W. Afr.u.-o 183 d1 lons-w».

Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p'. 20(3, no. 887o (1870) ^ ' ^ ^ ^ (1837);
Zanclostomus reneus, Harll {nee F.), Oni. W.-Afr. p 187 (^t K of

Equator) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 194. "^ ^ ^^ ' ' ^^

Pha'uicophaes flavirostris, Schl. Mus. Pa,,s-Bag, Cuculi, p 50
Ceuthmochares reneus fiharpe, P. Z. S. IST^i, p. 160 (pt ); Uss/,er

Ibw, 18/4, p. 54 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S.Afr. pi 6 ti- -V '
Ihcemcophaes tanens, BiUtikofer, Notes Leuden Mus. vii.°D~"->'4

viu. p. 264. '^' " >

Adult. Upper half of the head and back of the neck dark slatv
grey, very slightly shaded with violet and passing graduaUv into
deep glossy violet-blue on the back, wings, and tail, which parts
arc absolutely without a trace of green : on the sides of the head
a bare slaty-grey ophthalmic patch extending to the bill • under
surface of body dusky ash, very slightlv paler on the chin and
gradually i)assing into dusky slate-colour on the abdomen' and
thighs : under tail-coverts glossy violet-blue ; under surface of tlie
wmgs black, slightly glossed with violet-blue, especiaUv on the
coverts : bill yellow, with a triangular basal black i)atch on the

VAT YTV '

VOL. XIX.

2 11

402 crcuLiD^.

culmen : iris crimson ; legs black. Total length 12'8 inches,
culmen I'l, wing 4-5, tail 7*6, tarsus l-l.

Hah. West Africa, from Senegal to the Gold Coast.

a-d. Ad. sk. W. coast of Africa. Purchased.

e,f. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Colonel Sabine [P.].

q, h. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.

'i, k. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.

l-t. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher ^ F. Sharpe Coll.

Ad. sk. Capo Coast Castle. Tweeddale Coll.

2. Ceuthmochares seneus.

Coucou gris bronze, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 60, pi. 215 ; Sundev.

Krit. Framst. om Levaill. p. 48 (1857).
Cuculus aereus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 229 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 13.33 (182.3).
Cuculus aeratus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 210 (1826).
Zauclostomus fiavirostris {nee Sivains.), Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 52 ;

Shaiye, Cat. Afr. B. p. 14 (1871, pt.).
Zanclostomus aereus, Hartl. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 201 ; id. Om. W.-Afr.

p. 275 (1857) ; Cass. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 142 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 206, no. 8874 (1870) ; Beicheti. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 2, 1877,

p. 15.
Zanclostomus teneus, Hartl. ^ Monteiro, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 112 ;

Sharjje ^ Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 312 (1876) ; Bocage,

Om. Angola, p. 147 (1877).
Ceuthmochares aereus. Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 60 (1862) ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 007, 610, fig. 15 (pt.).
Ceuthmochares intermedius, Sharpe, Linn. Soc. Journ. xvii. p. 432

(1884).

Adult. Decidedly paler than the last s])ecies ; back and wings
greyer, with a greenish-blue gloss ; the tail, which is violet on
the lateral feathers, passes into brilliant bluish green on the centre
ones : beneath pale ashy grey, fading into white towards the chin
and into dusky grey on the tlanks, thighs, and abdomen ; under
tail-coverts bright glossy green : the black patch at the base of
the culmen is rather smaller and more irregularly shaped than in
C. fiavirostris: iris crimson ; legs black. Total length 12-2 inches,
culmen 1*15, wing 4-5, tail 7'1, tarsus 1-1.

Levaillant describes Le Coacou [/ris bronze from Malimbe as
having the tail glossed with green and blue above and being bluer
beneath, and mentions the green gloss about the under tail-coverts,
thus pointing out the most prominent characters by which this
species is distinguished from its allies.

Hah. Angola to the Cameroons, and through the Congo Basin to
the Niam-Niam Country.

a. Ad. sk. Semmio, Niam-Niam Country, F.Eohndorff[0.]. (Type

Feb. of C. intermedius.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains, Jan. Sharpe Coll.

(^Crossley),

3'J, DAsYi.oi-nus. 403

d. Ad. sk. l''eruaudo Po. L. Fraser [C.J.

e. Ad. sk. .Muni Rivor (Z)MC7(ai7/w). Tweeddale Coll.
f-k. Ad. sk. Gaboon ( Walker). SLnrpo Coll.

/, m. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Shelloy Coll.

II. Ad. sk. Bembe, Angola. Monteiro Coll.

3. Ceuthmochares australis.

ZancIostoiuLis soneiis (nee J'icilL), Gunu-i/, Ibis, 1859, p. 248; Finsch

^- Ilartl. Vo(/. Ostafi: p. 52-5 (1870) ; Ifeur/l. Oni. N.O.-Afr.

pp. 791, clxiv (1871-73); Biihrn, J.f 0. 1883, p. 165.
I'htunicophaes aereus, Schl. Mus. I'ays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 50 (18G4).
Ceuthmochares australis, Sharpe, P.Z. S. 1873, p. 009; id. ed. Layard's

B. S. Afr: p. 101, pi. 5. fig. 1 ; Shellei/, Ibis, 1875, p. 82 ; Cab.

J.f. O. 1878, p. 2.38; Shelley, P.Z.S. 1881, p. 595.
Zanclostomus australis, Ilartl. Vog. Madag. p. 230 Q877) ; Fisch. ijj-

Reichen. J. f. 0. 1879, p. 342 ; Fisch. J.f. O. 1885, p. 123.

Adult. Crown and back ashy olive ; wiug-s glossy olive-green ;
upper tail-eoverts and tail very brilliant yellowish green ; sides of
tho head grey, with a bare slaty-grey ophthalmic patch extending to
the bill ; beneath ashy, nearly white towards the chin, and tinted
with olive-ycUow on tho sides and base of the throat and on the
chest ; lower breast, flanks, and thighs dusky grey, strongly glossed
on the abdomen with green ; under tail-coverts glossy green ; under
wing-coverts dusky grey ; quills dusky brown, with a slight olive
gloss : bill yellow, with a triangular black patch at the base of
the culraen ; iris crimson ; legs black. Total length 14 inches,
culmeu 1'15, wing 5, tail 7*8, tarsus 1"2.

Immature. Has some slight traces of rufous edges on the greater
wing-coverts ; throat slightly more shaded with olive-yellow ; under
tail-coverts dusky ; under wing-coverts mottled with rufous.

Hah. East xlfrica, from Usaramo to the Natal Coast. A specimen
has been recorded from the Bay of liombatoc in Madagascar (Bojer) ;
but no mention is made of it in Grandidier's great work on the
Zoology of that island, and doubtless some mistake as to the
origin of this specimen has occurred.

a. Ad. sk. South Africa. Seebohm Coll.

b,c,d,e. Ad.sk. Natal (^iyre*-)- Sharpe Coll.

f. g, h. Ad. sk. Dm-ban, Oct.', April. Shelley Coll.

i. Ad. sk. Zambesi {Sir J. Kirk). Livingtone Expedition.

k. Ad. sk. Lamu {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

32. DASYLOPHUS. ^^p^

Dasylophus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 324 (1837) D. superciliosus.

Rancje. Confined to the island of Luzon in the Philippines.

1. Dasylophus superciliosus.

Phcenicophaus superciliosus, Cia\ Diet. Hist. Xat. x. p. 55 (1820) ;
Z^>.«. Man. On,, ii. p. 127 (1828) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Bemj. xi. p. 925
(1812J; Schl. Mas. Pays-Bos, Cuculi, p. 51 (lSi;4).

2 D 2

404 crcPUD^.

Melias supeiciliosus, Less. Traite, p. 133 (1831).

Malcoha superciliosus, Guer. Icon. RegmA'n. i. pi. 33. %. 1 (1829-
38).

Dasylophus superciliosus, Sivains. Class. B. ii. p. 324, pi. 286. fig. a
(1837) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 456, pi. 116 (1845) ; Blyth, J. A. S.
Bemj. xiv. p. '199 (1845) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 75 (1849) ;
B2). Cousp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854) ; Cah. c^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv.
p. 69 (1862) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 206, no. 8870 (1870) ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 603, fig. 7, head ; Wald. Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 162
(1875) ; Gould, B. Asia, vi. pi. 44(1876) ; Tweedd.F. Z. S. 1877,
p. 691 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. p. 321 (1877) ;
Kiitter, J.f. 0. 1882, p. 175.

Phoenicoplifeus ornatus, Blijth, J. A. S. Beny. xi. p. 925 (1842).

Adult male. General plumage above glossy blackish green, with
a partial blue shade ; a very distinct eyebrow of bright crimson
elongated tufts of hair-like feathers extending from the nostrils to
behind the bare orbital patch, which latter is bright orange ; the
base of many of the red tufts white and forming a narrow partial
eyebrow next to the bare skin ; tail with broad white ends to the
feathers ; underparts dusky olive, inclining to black towards the
chin, thighs, and under tail-coverts, the latter partially glossed with
green : " iris pure chrome-yellow ; orbital skin and base of bill
fiery orange ; biU pale green ; legs greenish chrome ; claws dark
grey " {A. H. Everett). Total length 15-5 inches, culmen 1-5, wing
6-2, tail 9-5, tarsus 1'5.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 15-3
inches, culmen 1*5, wing 6'1, tail 9'1, tarsus 1*45.

Hah. Island of Luzon.

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.

d. Ad. st. ; e. Ad. Manila. Hugh Cuming,

sk. Esq. [C,].

f,'J- d $ fi-d. sk. Luzon, Jan., Feb. i^A. B. Tweeddalo Coll.

Meyer),

h, i. (S $ ad. sk. Monte Albau, Feb. {A. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett).

33. LEPIDOGRAMMUS. „

Type.
Lepidogramuius, Reichenb. Av. Syst. pi. 47 (1849) .... L. cumingi.

Range. Confined to the island of Luzon in the Philippines.
1. Lepidogrammus cumingi.

Phcenicophaus cumingi, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 112 ; Blyth, J. A. S.

Beng. xi. p. 925 (1845); Fraser, ZoqI. Typ. pi. 53 (1848-49) ;

Schl. Mus. Fays-Bays, Cucuh, p. 51 (1864). ^
Phrenicophaus barrotii, Eydoux iSf Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. p. 89,

Atlas, y\. 6 (1841).
Uasylophus cumingii. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 459 (1845) ; Blyth, J. A.

S. Beng. xiv. p. 199 (1845) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 206, no. 8871

(1870).

34. couA, 405

Le])iclo;ji'aninius ciiniingi, Bp. Connp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 5 ('18-'34) ; Cab. ^•
Heine, Mus. Ilein. iv. p. 70 (18G2) ; Shmye, P. Z. 8. 1«7.3, p. 602,
fig-. 6 head ; Wald. Tram. Z. S. ix. p. 163 (1875) ; Gould, B. Asia,
mi. pi. 46 (1876) ; nveedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 691.

Cuculus decorus, " Gravenhorst," Bp. C'onsp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854).

Adult (typo of species). Upper half and sides of the head grey,
passing into white on the sides of the forehead and throat ; all the
feathers of the forehead and a broad central band through the
crown to the nape ornamented with glossy black horny appendages,
and having the subterminal portion of each feather white ; a broad
band of similarly horny-tipped feathers extending down the centre
of the throat ; back of the neck deep chestnut ; remainder of the
upper parts deep glossy green, inclining to purplish blue on the
quills and tail ; the feathers of the latter with white ends ; at the
base of the neck a broad golden-rufous semicircle bordering the
white throat and blending into the deep chestnut of the sides of the
neck and chest ; abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts brownish
black, washed with a dark-green gloss on the outside of the thigh-
coverts ; under wing-coverts deep chestnut like the breast : quills
uniform glossy black ; eyelashes strong and black : " orbital patch
and iris red ; bill horn-yellow ; legs grey " {A. H. Everett). Total
length 17 inches, culmeu I'o, wing 0"1, tail 9, tarsus 1-6.

NestVuuj. Upper half and sides of the head, wings, and body both
above and below dark reddish brown : the quills and base of the
tail glossy greenish black, with which colour other portions of the
wings are mottled ; a broad white end to the tail ; neck all round
rufous, passing into rufous-grey on the chin.

llab. Luzon.

a, b. Ad. ; c. Pull. Philippines. Purchased.

sk.

d, e. Ad. sk. Manila (Maitland Heriot). Tweeddale Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Luzon, Jan. 14, Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

(J. $ ad. sk. Batan, Luzon, April {A. B. Tweeddale CoU.

Meyer),

h, i, h. d ad. sk. Monte Alban, Feb., March Tweeddale Coll.
{A. Everett).

34. COUA. ^p^

Coua, Cuv. Eigne An. i. p. 425 (1817) C. crerulea.

Serisomus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 32:5 (1837) C. cristata.

Glaucococcy.x, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 71 (1862) C. ca?rulea.

Cochlothraustcs, Cab. ^- Heine, ^. c. p. 74 C. delulandii.

Range. Confined to the island of Madagascar.

Koj to the S^yecies,

a. With no white ends to any of the tail-feathers.
a'. Throat and breast uniform.

a". Kuthv plumage blue cefrulea, p. 406.

406 CTTCTTTJD^.

h" . Upper parts olive-green ; crown tawny

orange reynaudi, p. 407.

b' . Upper throat and abdomen dusky olive ; breast

bright chestnut ._ serriana, p. 408.

h. With white ends to some of the tail-feathers,
c'. With a well-marked crest.

c". Crest-feathers longer, narrower, and extend-
ing over the whole crown ; fi-ont of the
chest with a rufous shade.
«'". White end to tail narrower, about 1'2

inches ; under tail-coverts paler cristata, p. 409.

b'". White end to tail broader, about 2

inches ; under tail-coverts rufous pj/ropi/f/a, p. 410.

d". Crest-feathers broader, and confined to the
front half of the crown ; underparts white,

shaded with grey verreaiui, p. 410.

d'. With no crest.

e". Upper parts not blue.

c". Crown rufous riijiceps, p. 410.

d'". Crown more or less olive.

a^. Underparts paler ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts bufEsh.
a\ Throat white. Larger; -wing 6-2 . . olivaceiceps, t^. ill.
b\ Throat yellowish. Smaller ; wing

4'9 cursor, p. 411.

¥. Undei-parts darker ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts brown.
c'. Smaller; wiug ,5'9 inches. Lower

chest washed with pink coquereli, p. 412.

d^. Larger ; wing 8'6 inches. Lower

chest not washed with pink gigns, p. 412.

/". Upper parts dark blue; throat and chest

white ; abdomen rufous delcdandii, p. 413.

1. Coua cserulea.

Le Coucou bleu de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 156, pi. 1.3. fig. 1

(1766); Danh. PL Enl. 29.5. fig. 2 (1783) ; Vinson, Voy. Maday.,

App. p. 144 (1865).
Cuculus cseruleus, Limi. Sysf. Xat. i. p. 171 (1766) ; Wald. Ibis,

1869, p. 335.
Le Tait-sou, 3Io72tb. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 291, pi. 18 (1779).
Blue Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Syn. B. i. p. 531 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist.

iii. p. 274 (1822).
Le Coua tait-sou, Levaill. Ois. Afr. v. p. 69, pi. 218 (1806) ; Su7id.

Krit. Framst. om Levaill. p. 48 (1857).
Polophilus cseruleus, Steph. Gen. Zool. ix. p. 56 (1815).
Cuculus (Coua) c£eruleus, Ctiv. Reyne An. (1) i. p. 425 (1817).
Coccyzus caeruleus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 278 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 1348 (1823) ; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 31, pi. 41 (1 825) ; Less. Traite,

p. 139 (18.31).
Coua cserulea. Gray, in Griff. An. Kingdom, vii. p. 4-58 (1829) ; id.

Gen. B. ii. p. 4.54 (1846) ; Hartl. Ann. Sf Ma(j. Nat. Hist. 1848,

p. 390 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 109 (18-50) ; ScfiL Handl. Dierk. i.

p. 206 (1857) ; Kollar, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. .342; Hartl.

Orn. Beitray Faun. Maday. p. 60 (1861) : Boch Sf E. Neicton,

34. coTJA. 407

Ibis, 186.1, p. IGO ; E. Newton, t. c. p. 453 ; M. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 1G4 ; ScM. Mus. I'ays-Bas. Cuculi, p. 46 (1864) ; A. Netvton,
P. Z. S. 1865, p. 834 ; «•///. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ; Grand. Rev. et
Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 390; Schl. 4- Pvllcn, Faun. Maduq., Ok. p. 55
(1868); Gray, Iland-l B. ii. p. 208, no. 8804 (1870) ; Burtlett,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 67; Hart!. Vog. Madag. p. 248 (1877) ; Milne-
Ed2L\ ^- Grand. Ois. i. p. 148, Atlas, i. pis. 48, 49 (1879).

Centropus cjeruleus, Tcmm. Tahl. Mith. p. 53 (1838).

Glaiicococcyx cteruleus, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 71 (1862).

Sericosomus creruleus, Sharpe, P.Z. S. 1873, p. 616.

Adult. Entire phimagc uniform blue, with a violet gloss on the
tail ; under surface of the quills glossj- blackish blue, shaded with
violet : " bare skin round the eye indigo-blue ; bill and legs black ;
iris brown " (GVrt«(?(cZu'r). Total length 1(5"5 inches, culmen I'l,
wing 7'6, tail 10*2, tarsus 2-'2.

If ah. The woodlands of North and East Madagascar.

a. Ad. St. ; b, c. Madagascar. Purchased.

Ad. sk.

d, e. Ad. sk. Madagascar ( Van Dam). Shelley Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Madagascar. G. F. Scott Elliot, Esq.

[P.].

g-p. Ad. sk. Central Madagascar. Seebohm CoU.

q. Ad. sk. Mohambo {Gerrard). Purchased.

r, s. Ad. sk. East of Antananarivo, July

( W. Deayis Cotcan).

t, u. Skeletons. Madagascar. Rev. W. Deans Cowan

[C.].

2. Coua reynaudii.

Le Couliou vert, Sganzin, Mem. Soc. Mus. Hist. Nat, Strasbwirg,

1840, p. 33.
Coua reynaudii, Pucher. Eev. Zool. 1845, p. 51 ; id. Mag. Zool. 1845,

p. 5, pi. 66 ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 454 (1846) ; Bp. Co/i.^p. i. p. 109

(1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Zyqod. p. 120 (1854) ; Kollar, Sitz. Ah.

Wiss. Wien, IBoQ, p. U2{ Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 60 (1881) ;

<S'e/i/. Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierk. 1866, p. 82 ; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ;

Grand. Eev. et 3Ia(/. Zool. 1867, p. 390 ; Scld. ^- Pollen, Faun.

Madag., Ois. p. 56 "(1868) ; Grai/, Hand-1. B. ii. p. 208, no. 8889

(1870) ; Hai-tl. Vog. Madag. p. 239 (1877) ; Milne-Edw. c^- Grand.

Hist. Madag., Oi.$. i. p. 141, Atlas, pi. 43 (1879).
Coccyzus reyn'audi, Terr. Cat. Coll. Ois. Eivoli, p. 25 (1846).
Coua' ruticeps {nee Gray), Bp. Consp. i. p. 109 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zyi/orf. p. 120(1854).
Sericosomus reynaudi, Cab. S,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 73, note

(1862) ; Shaipe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 615.
Sericosomus sp., Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771.

Adult. Above glossy olive, shaded on the quills and outer tail-
feathers with violet-blue ; forehead and front half of the crown
chestnut ; bare patch round the eye blue, darkest above and in front
and surrounded by a margin of black feathers ; beneath dusky ashy,
tinted with olive-green on the body, especially on the flanks and
abdomen ; lower abdomen and under tail-covcrts slightly darker ;

408

under siirface of the quills uniform dark glossy brown : bill black ;
irides brown ; legs slate-colour. Total length 16-1 inches, culmen
0-9, wing 6-1, tail 10, tarsus 1-8.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the crown and sides
of the head uniform with the back, without rufous or black feathers ;
most of the feathers of the wing tipped with chestnut and the
underparts partially mottled with that colour.

Hab. The woodlands of North and North-eastern Madagascar.

a, b, c. Imm. sk. Madagascar.

d, e. Ad. sk. Central Madagascar.

/. Ad. sk. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.

ff, h, i. Ad. sk. Aukafana, March ( W. Beam

Cowan),

k-s. Ad. et imm. Ankafana, March ( W. Deans

sk. Cowan),

t. Juv. sk. Betsileo.

u. Ad. sk. North Madagascar, Aug.

V. Skeleton. Madagascar.

Purchased.
SeeboLm Coll.
Rev. W. Deans Cowan

[C.].
SheUey Coll.

Tweeddale Coll.

Eev. G. Shaw [C.].
A. Majastre [0.].
Rev.W. Deans Cowan

[C.].

3. Coua serriana.

Le Coucal ou Coua de Tintiugue, 8(/anz. Mem. Soc. Mm. Hist. Nat.

Strasboiirff, 1840, p. 34.
Coua serriana, Puchcr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 51 ; id. May. Zool. 1845,

p. 390; Graij, Hand-l. £. ii. p. 208, no. 88C0 (1870) ; JLirtl. I'iiy.

Madar/. p. 240 (1877) ; Milne-Ediu. S,- Grand. Bint. Mada(/., Ois.

i. p. 150, Atlas, i. pis. 42, 60 (1870).
Coua serrisiana, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 120 (1854).
Sericosomus serrianus, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. \\. p. 74, note

(1862) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 615.

Adult. Above olive-brown, with a slight rufous shade on the back
of the neck and mantle ; quills and tail purplish black : a few of
the frontal feathers and a broad eyebrow black ; bare patch round
the eye blue, paler above than below ; feathers of the cheeks and
upper throat black : lower throat and front of the chest deep chest-
nut, which colour is partially separated from the black upper throat
by the brown of the back of the neck descending nearly across the
throat ; remainder of the underparts black, washed, more especially
on the lower chest, with brown of the same shade as the mantle ;
under surface of the wings brownish black : bill black ; iris red ;
legs iron-grey. Total length 16-5 inches, culmen 1, wing 6'2, tail
8-7, tarsus 2-3.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the back more rufous
and many of the wing-coverts edged with rufous.

Eah. The forests of North-east Madagascar.

34. couA. 409

a, h. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Rev.W. Deans Cowan

[C.].
c, d. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Forbes Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Madagascar {Crosslet/). Shelley Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Forest of Ancoya. Purchased.

4. Coua cristata.

Le Coucou huppe de Madagascar, i/y/s.y. Orti. iv. p. 14!», pi. xii. fisr. 2

(17G0) ; DauO. I'l. Enl. vi. pi. 589.
Cuculus cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 171 (176GJ ; Wcihl -Iliis,

1869, p. 335.
Le Coua, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 365, pi. 16 (1779) ; Levaill.

Ois. Aft: V. p. 67, pi. 217 (1806) ; 8undev. Krit, Framst. om Levaill.

p. 48 (1857).
Cuculus (Coua) cristatus, Cuv. Jtef/ne An. i. p. 425 (1817).
Coccyzus cristatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. yiii. p. 274 (1817); id. Eno.

Meth. p. 1340 (1823) ; Less. Traite, p. 138 (1831).
Madagascar Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. iii. p. 270 (1822).
Coua cristatus, Gray in Griff'. An. Kingdom, vii. p. 458 (1829) ;

id. Gen. B. ii. p. 454 (1846) ; Iteichh. Nat. Syst. Voq. pi. 66 (1849) ;

Bp. Consjh i. p. 109 (1850) ; id. Vol. Zyyod. p. 120 (1854) ; Schl.

Handl. Dierh. 1857, p. 206; Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 110;

Roch ^ E. Newton, Ibis, 1863, p. 166 ; Schl. Mas. Pays-Bas,

Ciiculi, p. 46 (1864) ; Schl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ; Grand. Rev. et

May. Zoul. 1867, p. 392 ; Schl. Sf Poll. Faun. Madaq., Ois. ii. p. 56

(1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 208. no. 8886 ( 1-^70) ; Sharpe,

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 399 ; Pull. Fauna Maday. i. p. 198 (1877) ; Hartl.

Voy. Maday. p. 243 (1877).
Serisoiiuis cristatus. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 323 (1837); A. Ncwfon,

P. Z. S. 1865, p. 834.
Sericosomus cristatus, Cab. S)- Heine, Mas. Hein. iv. p. 72, note

(1862) ; Cab. Von d. Decken's Reis. iii. p. 39 (1869) ; Sharpe,

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 612.
Coua cristata typica, Milne-Edw. 8f Grand. Hist. Maday., Ois. i.

p. 143, Atlas, i. pi. 44 (1879).

Adult. Above delicate ashy grey, strongly glossed with green on
the mantle and inner half of the wings ; rerauiuder of the quills
and the tail bright glossy blue, the latter with broad white ends to
all but the centre feathers ; a bare patch round the eye violet- blue,
surmounted by a well-marked black eyebrow ; cheeks and upper
half of the throat grey like the back of the neck, paler on the chin ;
lower throat and fore part of the chest bright rufous-buff, with a
pink tint in front and passing gradually into white on the remainder
of the body and under tail-coverts : under wing-coverts white,
obscurely barred with pale ashy grey ; under surface of the quills
dusky, partially glossed with lilac-blue. Bill black ; iris red ; legs
slate-colour. Total length 13"8 inches, culraen 0'9,wing 5"3, t;iil 8,
tarsus 1"G.

llah. The woodlands of Xorth and East Madagascar.

n. Ad. St. Madagascar. .Sir E. Belcher [P.].

/;. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Seebohm Coll.

c, d. <S ad. sk. Madagascar (Cmssley). Slmrpe Coll.

^^fy'.l- <S ad.sk. Madiigascar,(.)ct. ^ ( /V/H Z)rt«i)- ShelU-y ("oil.

410 cucrLiDiE.

5. Coua pyropyga.

Coua pyropyga, Grand. Sev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 86, 255.

Coua cristata, Tar. pyropyga, Grand. Bev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 392 ;

Milne-Ediv. ^- Grand. Hist. Madag., Ois. i. p. 146, Atlas, i. pis. 45,

46 (1879).
Sericosomus pyropyga, Sliarpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 613.
Coua cristata (wee i.), Barthtt, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 67.
Coua pyn-hopygia, Ifa)il. Vog. Madag. p. 245 (1877).

Adult. Very similar to C cristata, but distinguished by having
the white ends to the tail-feathers twice as broad and the under
tail-coverts tawny ; ii-is red ; legs grey (Grandidier). Total length
13'5 inches, culmen 0"95, wing 6-7, tail 8, tarsus 1"55.

In deference to the authors of the ' Histoire Naturelle de Mada-
gascar ' I have kept their C. j^yrojiyr/a distinct from C. cristata,
not having seen the type, but the characters on which the two
forms are separated appear to me of small value. In true C. cristata
the under tail-coverts vary from white to a rufous-buff of the
same shade as the chest ; the white ends to the tail-feathers
generally measure 1-2 inches, except in one specimen with white
under tail-coverts, which has the white ends to the tail 2 inches in
length.

Hah. Western Madagascar, south from Mazamba Bay.

6. Coua verreauxi.

Coua verreauxi, Grand. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 86, 417 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 208, no. 8893 (1870) ; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 242
(1877) ; Milne-Edu\ Sf Grand. Hist. Madag., Ois. i. p. 146, Atlas,
i. pi. 47 (1879).

Sericosomus verreauxi, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 612, note.

Adidt. Upper half of the head and back of the neck ashy grey,
with the ends of the long crest-feathers dull green ; mantle and
back greenish-shaded grey ; quills grey, broadly glossed with vcr-
diter-blue on the primaries and pale green on the secondaries ; tail
steel-blue, with broad white ends to all but the two centre feathers ;
under surface ashy, passing into white on the abdomen and under
taii-coverts : on the flanks a few rufous feathers : bare patch
round the eye small and bright blue; iris red; bill and legs
blackish. Total length 14-5 inches, wing 4'9, tail 7"8, tarsus 1-5.
{Mdne-Eduards and Grandidier, I. c.)

Hah. The arid plains of South Madagascar.

7. Coua ruficeps.

Coua ruficeps. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 454, pi. 115 (1846) ; Hartl. Faun.
Madag. p. 61 (1861) ; Grand. Per. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 391, pt. :
Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 208, uo. 88^7 (1870) : Hartl. Toe/. Madag.
p. 246 (1877, pt.).

34. couA. 411

Sericosomua ruficeps, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus, Hein. iv. p. 73, note (1862) ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. G14.
Coua ruficeps tvpicus, Milne- Edwards 6i" Grandid. Hist. Madag., Ois.

i. p. 1-36, Alias, i. pi. 53 (1879).

Adult. Above olive-grey washed Tvith lilac, very strongly so on
the lower back and upper tail-coverts ; edges of the quills less
glossed with lilac ; tail deep violet-blue, with white ends to the
three outer pairs of feathers ; entire crown chestnut ; bare patch on
the sides of the head indigo-blue, surrounded by black feathers ;
the eyebrow very narrow, the black feathers broadest beneath the
hinder portion of the bare patch and extending obscurely round the
nape ; chin and upper throat white, shading into buff on the sides
and below ; remainder of the underparts rufous-buff, very strongly
shaded with lilac on the lower throat and fore part of the chest
and more slightly so on the flanks and under tail-coverts ; centre of
the lower breast and abdomen whitish ; under surface of the wings
uniform brownish grey : bill black, with a pale patch on the base
of the keel ; iris brown ; legs blackish. Total length 15-1 inches,
cidmen O-i), wing G-4, tail 9-5, tarsus 2'2.

Hah. The forests of Xorth-western Madagascar.

<i. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Edward Wilson, Esq.

[P.].
h, c. Ad. sk. Madagascar ( Van Dam). Seebohm Coll.

d. 2 ad. sk. N.E. Madagascar ( Verreaux). Shai-pe Coll.

8. Coua olivaceiceps.

Coua ruficeps, pt.. Grand. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 391 ; Hartl.

Viig. Madag. p. 24(5 (1877).
Sericosomus olivaceiceps, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 615.
Coua rutieeps, var. olivaceiceps, Milne-Edwards S,- Grandid. Hist.

Madag., Ois. i. p. 157, Atlas, i. pis. 54, 55, 56, 61, 64 (1879).

Adult (type of species). Very similar to C. ruficeps, but differs in
the forehead, crown, and nape being olive- brown, slightly darker
than the back, with a chocolate-brown shade ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts fulvous- white : bill black, with a small yellow patch on
the sides of the base of the keel ; i rides browji ; legs blackish.
Total length 17'7 inches, culmcu U-05, wing G-2, tail 9-5, tarsus
2-2.

Hah. Madagascar, from Capo St. Andre to the Bay of St. Au-
gustin on the west coast.

a. Ad. sk. S.W. Madagascar, December. M. Grandidier [P.].

(Tj-pe of species.)

9. Coua cursor.

Ilaliouts ou Ilarefets, Flacourt, Hist. Madag. p. 166 (1661).
Coua cursor. Grand, liev. ft Mai/. Zool. 1867, pp. 80, 391 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 208, no. 8892 (1870) : Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 241

412 CUCULID^.

(1877) ; Milne-Edicards ^ Grandid. Hist. Maday., Ois. i. p. 158,
Atlas, i. pi. 67 (1879).
Sericosomus cursor, Shaiye, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 613.

Adult. Above greenish grey, with the quills and tail violet-
shaded brown, the latter with white ends to all but the four centre
feathers. Bare skin on the sides of the head indigo-blue, shading
into violet behind, and with a narrow edging of black feathers ;
chin whitish, passing into yellow on the throat, which is shaded on
the sides with orange-red ; chest pale lilac ; abdomen white ; under
tail-coverts brownish : bill and legs black ; iris red. Total length
12 inches, cubnen 0-95, wing 4-9, tail 7, tarsus 1"8.

Hab. The arid plains of the western portion of South Madagascar.

10. Coua coquereli.

Coua coquerelli, Grandid. Kcv. et Mag. Zool. 1867, pp. 86, 391 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 208, no. 8891 (1879) ; Hartl. Vog. Madag.

p. 237 (1877) ; Milne-Edw. Hist. Madag. Ois. i. p. 159, pis. 58, 59

(1879).
Coua hartlaubi, Grandid. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1869, p. 339.
Sericosomus coquerelli, Sharpe, F. Z. S. 1873, p. 614.

Adult. Very similar in plumage to 0, g'igas, but much smaller.
Entire upper parts nearly uniform olive ; quills brown, and with
narrow pale edges ; four centre tail-feathers uniform like the back,
the remaining three pairs shading into greenish black and having
white ends ; the bare patch round the eye pale blue, but some-
times shading into pink behind : the feathers on the sides of the
head and the underparts closely resembling C. c/ic/as in colour, but
the lower breast with an additional pink shade which partially
extends over the thighs and abdomen : bill and legs black ; iris red.
Total length 14-2 inches, cnlmen 0-85, wing 5-7, tail 9, tarsus 1-95.

Hab. The bushy plains of Western Madagascar from Cape 8t.
Andre to the Bay of St. Augustin.

a, b. cJ 5 ad. sk. Madagascar (J'«h Dam). Seebohm Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Mourondava. M. Grandidier.

d, e. (S 2 ad. sk. Mourondava ( Vaii Dam). Sharpe Coll.

11. Coua gi

Hehoc, Flacourt, Hist. Madag. p. 166 (1661).

Le Coucou verdatre de Madagascar, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 364

(1779).
Great Madagascar Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Sgn. B. w. p. 521 (1781).
Le Grand Coucou de Madagascar, Dauhent. PL Enl. vi. pis. 587, 588

(1783).
Cuculus gigas, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 56 (1783).
Cuculus madagascariensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 416 (1788).
Coccyzus virescens, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 279 (1817) ; id. Ene.

Meth. p. 1349 (1823).
Cuculus" (Coua) madagascariensis, Cuv. Regne An. i. p. 425 (1817).
Madagascar Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. iii. p. 276 (1822).
Coua verdatre, Drap. Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 561 (1823).

34. couA.. 413

Coua madag-ascarieiisis, Gray in Griff'. An. Kinijdnm, \ii. p. 458

(182'J) ; id. List Gen. B. p. 72 (1841) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 109 (1850);

id. Consp. Vol. '/Apjod. p. 120 (1854) ; llartl. J.f. 0. 18G0, p. 110 ;

Grandid. Iter, ei May. Zool. 18G7, p. 392.
Coccyzus madagascarionsis, Teimn. Tabl. Meth. p. 53 (1838).
Coua gigas, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 454 (1846) ; id. Iland-l. B. ii. p. 208,

uo. 8888; llartl. Voy. May. p. 247 (1877); Milne- Edwards ^■

Grandid. Hist. Madan. Ois. i. p. 153, Atlas, i. pis. 51, 52, 132, 68

(1879). ■

Coua (Serisomus) madagascarieiisis, llartl. Faun. Madag. p. 62

(1861).
Sericosomus gigas, Cab. 8) Heine, 3Iits. Hein. iv. ]). 72, note (1862) ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 613.

Adult. Above yellowish brown, darker on the forehead and crown,
much paler on the back of the neck and shaded with olive on the
back and wings ; centre tail-feathers olive-shaded bronze, deepening
into greenish black on the outer ones, and with broad white ends
to all but the four centre ones ; a bare patch on the sides of the head
indigo-blue, passing into pink behind the eye ; this patch margined
above by a narrow black band of feathers, and below by a much
broader one which covers the lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts ; chin
and upper throat nearly white, deepening into butf on the lower
throat, and passing into cinnamon on the chest ; sides of the body
and the thighs ashy brown ; abdomen and under tail-coverts
brownish black ; under surface of the wings uniform dark brown ;
dark portion of the under surface of the tail black : bill and legs
black ; iris red. Total length :20 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 8*5,
tail 12'5, tarsus 2-6.

Hab. The wooded plains of West and South Madagascar.

«. $ ad. sk. Madagascar, July. Shelley Coll.

b,c. (S 2 «•<!. sk. Madagascar ( Van Bam). Seebohm Coll.

d. (S ad. sk. Mourondava. Sharpe Coll.

i: Ad. sk. Mourondava. M. Graudidier [I'.].

12. Coua delalandii.

Coccyzus delalandei, Tenun. PI. Col. 440 (1828) ; Lesc. Traite, p. 138

(1831).
Cuculus (Coua) delalandii, Cuv. Itegne An. i. p. 454, note (1817).
Coua lalaudii. Gray in Griff. An. Kinydoin, vii. p. 4")8 (1829).
Lc Coua cassour d'escargots, Syanz. Mem, Soc. Mas. Hist. yat.

titrasboury, 1840, p. 32.
Coua Famac-acora, Ackerman7i, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 209.
Coua delalaudi, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 454 (1846); Bj). Consp. i. p. 109

(1850); Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 110; Sdd. Mas. Pays-Bas,

Ciiculi, p. 46 (1864); Grand. Itev. it May. Zool. 1867, p. 392 ;

Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 208, uo. 8895 (187*0); Milne-Edwards ^■

Grandid. Hist. Maday., Ois. i. ji. 152, Atla<,\. pi. 50 (1879).
Surisonius delalandii, Bjt. Cunap. Vol. Zyyod. p. 120 (1854).
Coua (Seiisomus) dehvhuidi, Hartl. Faun. .Maday. p. {y2 (1861).
CochlotiuaustL'S delalandei, Cah. if Heine, Miis. Hein. iv. p. 74, note

(1862) ; Sharpe, P. Z. ii. 1873, p. 617; Hartl. Voy. Maday. p. 250

(1877).

414

Adult. Upper parts deep indigo-blue, glossed with purple on the
mantle and slightly with green on the wings and tail ; tail-feathers,
with the exception of the four centre ones, with white ends ; hare
patch round the eye indigo-blue, surrounded by black feathers
which extend over the ear-coverts aud cheeks ; entire throat and
front of chest white ; remainder of uuderparts chestnut, inclining
to deep chocolate-brown on the under tail-coverts ; bill aud legs
black ; iris brown. Total length 22-2 inches, culmen l*7,wing 8-3,
tail 12, tarsus 2-9.

Bab. Eastern Madagascar near Tamatave.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. sk.

Madagascar.
Madagascar.

Seebohm Coll.
Purchased.

Subfamily IV. NEOMORPHIN^.

Kaj to the Genera.

a. Bill stronger aud deeper ; depth of bill

greater than half the distance from the
nostril to the tip.

a' . Feathers of the forehead not extend-
ing forward to the nostrils. Cidmen
broad and rounded near the forehead ;
nostril a horizontal sUt with no over-
hanging membrane

b'. Feathers of the forehead^extending for-
ward on to the membrane which
overlaps the nostrils, which are hori-
zontal slits. Culmen mucli com-
pressed towards the forehead

b. Bill thinner and not so deep ; depth of

bill less than half the distance fi'om the

nostril to the tip.
c. Tail longer, more narrow and pointed . 37. Gkococcyx, p. 419.
d'. Tail shorter and not so pointed, the

feathers being broader 38. Mohococcyx, p. 422.

35. CABPOCoccyx, p. 414.

30. Neomobphu.s, p. 4]o.

Type.
C. radiatus.

35. CARPOCOCCYX.

Carpococcyx, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 56 (1840) . . ,
Range, Confined to Borneo.

1. Carpococcyx radiatus.

Calobates radiceus, Temm. PI. Col. 538 (1832) ; »S'. Miill. Verli. Nat.

Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 234, note (1839-44) ; Low, Sarawak,

p. 411 (1848).
Calobates radiatus, Temm. Tail. Meth. p. 53 (1838).
Carpococcyx radiceus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 56 (1840) ; id. Gen. B.

ii. p. 460, pi. 17. fig. 5 (1845).
Carpococcyx radiatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 97 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol.

Zygod. p. 5 (1854) ; Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 71, note

30. NEOMORPHTJS. 415

(1862) ; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 28 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 20.5,
no. 8S72 (1870) ; fiharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 007, fig. 10 ; Salvad.
Ucc. Bom''o, p. 70(1874); Briir/r/. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. v.
p. 45-5 (1877); Sliarpc, Ibis, 1877, p. 7, 1878, p. 410; Becc. Ann.
Mils. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 452 (1878) ; Salvad. op. cit. xiv. p. 187
(1879).
Neomorplius radiatus, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 00 (1804).

Adult. Head black, strongly glossed with violet on the upper
parts ; neck pearl-grc}-, shaded behind with green, and passing into
glossy grass-green on the mantle and outer webs of most of the
(juills; primary-coverts and quills mostly glossy blue-black, strongly
shaded with lilac-bronze, chietly so on the secondaries ; back rufous-
shaded brown, washed with green at the ends of the feathers ;
upper tail-coverts and tail glossy violet, partially shaded with green,
especially on the coverts : sides of the head bare and green ; chin
and upper throat black, less glossed with violet than the crown,
and abruptly passing into pearl-grey tinted with green on the
remainder of the throat ; the rest of the underparts white, shaded
with rufous-brown on the sides of the body, abdomen, and under
tail-coverts, and each feather with numerous concentric dark bars,
mostly green ; axillaries and under wing-coverts dark rufous-brown,
with dusky bars ; under surface of the quills black : " bill and legs
green ; iris brown " ( Wallace). Total length 24-3 inches, culmen
2-2, wing 9-5, tail 12, tarsus 3-45.

Hah. Borneo.

a, b. Ad. St. ; c. Ad. sk. Borneo. Rajah Brooke [P.].

d. Ad. sk. Borneo. Seebohm Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Luiiibidan ( //. T. Ussher). Tweeddale Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Sarawak. AVallace Coll.
ff. Ad. sk. Sarawak, Oct. {A. H. Tweeddale Coll.

Everett),
h. (S imm. sk. Baram, July. C. Hose, Esq. [P.].

2. Carpococcyx viridis.

Carpococcyx viridis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.xw. p. 187 (1879).

Count Salvadori, in his account of Beccari's collection from Su-
matra, points out that the Carpococcyx from the latter island is
much smaller and darker than the Boruean bird, and lacks the violet
retloxions which are mentioned in every description of the latter
bird. All the adult specimens of C. radiatus and even the young
birds in the Museum are purple.

Hah. Sumatra.

36. NEOMORPHUS. t,

Neomorphus, Gloyer in Fronep's 2\otiz. xvi. p. 278

(1827) N. geoftroji.

Cidtrides, Pucher. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 61 X. geoffroyi.

Ituiuje. Central America from Nicaragua to Panama, extending
to Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.

41 H CUCUL1D.E.

Key to the Species.

a. Witli a sharply detiiied uarrow black pectoral
collar.
d' . Quills metallic green ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts chestnut.
a" . Mantle, wings, and upper tail-coverts not

shaded with lilac 'je^'ffi'oyi., p. 410.

I)' . Mantle, wings, and upper tail-coverts

lilac saliini, p. 417.

h'. Quills not green ; abdomen and under tail-
coverts not chestnut pucherani, p. 417.

h. With no sharply defined black pectoral collar.

c. With no pale bars on the plumage rufipeniiis, p. 418.

d' . With whitish bars on the mantle and under-

parts radiolosus, p. 418.

1. Neomorphus geoffroyi.

Coua geoffroyi, Tcmm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 7.

Coccyzus geoffroyi, Tetnni. Tabl. Meth. p. 52(18y8); Stepli. Gen.

Zool. xiv. p. 205 (1826) ; Neuwi^d, Beitr. Natwg. Bras, iv. p. 324

(1833).
Neomorphus geoffroyi, Glog. in Froriep's Notiz. xvi. p. 277 (1827) ;

Cah. ^- Heine, Mm. Hein. iv. p. 91 (18G2) ; Sell. Mus. Pmjs-Bas,

Cuculi, p. CO (1864) ; Sd. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 249, 1866, p. o9 ;

Pelz. Ovn. Bras. p. 271 (1871); Lawrence, Ihis, 1873, pp. 289,

294 ; Scl. i^- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (1873).
Cultrides geoffroyi, Pitcher. Bev. Zool. 1845, p. 51 ; Devilk, Rev. et

Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 212 ; Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 258

(1855).
Cucidus torquatus, III. in Mus. Berol.,Jidc Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein.

iv. p. 91 (1862).

Adult. Upper half of the head pale rufous, with dark bars and
blue ends, the latter colour extending over the terminal half of the
crest ; back of the neck rufous-buff barred with green ; mantle
metallic green ; feathers of the upper back partially edged with
rufous-buff; inner quills metallic green, slightl}' washed on their
edges with lilac, and gradually passing on the outer primaries into
blue-black ; centre of the back chestnut, often shaded with green ;
tail-coverts metallic green ; tail lilac, passing into green at the end
and on the outer feathers ; a bare patch round the eye ; feathers of
the checks and ear-coverts rufous-buff with dark bars ; throat
rufous or brownish buff, with broad dark bars and very narrow
shaft-stripes to the feathers, becoming much more obscure down
the centre of the throat ; at the base of the throat a narrow black
collar separates it from the more uniform breast, which is ashy on
the chest, passing into chestnut on the flanks, abdomen, and under
tail-coverts, the abdomen being generally darker and browner ;
under surface of the quills black ; coverts rufous ; bill greenish
yellow, darker towards the base of both mandibles. Length 21
inches, cnlmen 1-9, wing 6*8, tail 11, tarsus 2-7.

Hab. Brazil.

36, NEOMORPHUS. 417

a, b. Ad, St. Brazil. Piu-cliased.

c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Old Collection.

d, e. Ad. et imm. I'ara {J. Natterer i^- A. It. Sclater Coll.
sk. Wallace).

f, y. Ad. sk. Bahia {Dr. Wwkerer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Neoinorphus salvini.

Neomorphus salvini, Scl. P. Z. S. 180G, p. GO, pi. 5, 1^67, pp. 156,
, 2'J5 ; Sale. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 323 ; Scl. ^- Halv. Nomencl. Av.
Neotr. p. 107 (1873) ; Lawrence, Ibis, 1873, pp. 2'Jl, 295.

Adult. Very similar to N. fjeojfroiji, but differs in the rufous of
the head and crowu being without bars ; the feathers of the back
of the neck and upper back uniform without fulvescent ends ;
greater portion of the wings and the tail-coverts metallic lUac ; the
back darker brown and very strongly glossed with lilac ; the throat
slightly more ashy and less mottled : " bill light horn-colour,
clouded in the middle and paler at the edges " {Lawrence). Total
length 19S inches, culmen 2, wing (J'4, tail 11, tarsus 2-75.

Hub. From Nicaragua to Panama, and thence to Colombia and
Ecuador.

«. Ad. sk. Nicaragua (T. i5e/i J. Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Veragua {E. Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Veragua {E. Arce). Sclater Coll.

(Type of species.)

d. Ad. sk. Panama. Seebohm Coll.

e. S ad. St. New Granada. Purchased.

/. Ad. sk. Rio Cotopaza, Ecuador (C. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bucklei/).

3. Neomorphus pucherani.

Cultrides pucheraui, Bevillt, liev. et Ma(j. Zool. 1851, p. 211; Des

Murs, in Casteln. Exped. Ois. p. 18, pis. 6, 7 (1855).
Neomorphus pucherani, Cab. ?f Heine, Mus. Heiu. iv. p. 92, note

(18G2); Scl. 4- Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (1873); iid.

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 29G ; Lamrence, Ibis, 1873, pp. 293, 295 ; Tacz.

Orn. Perou, iii. p. 183 (188G).
Neomorphus rufipennis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 249 (pt.,Upper Amazon).

Adult. Upper half of the head dark glossy blue, slightly washed
with olive towards the forehead ; back of the neck and mantle
metallic olive-green, of a darker and more bronzy shade down the
back and on the upper tail-coverts ; primaries pm-phsh blue, slightly
washed with green and lilac ; secondaries deep lUac-shaded rufous,
mostly with the inner portions blue-black : tail metallic green,
partially glossed with lilac and darkening almost into black on the
outer feathers ; a large red patch of bare skin surrounding the eye
and extending to the bill and margined beneath on the hinder half
by a band of black feathers ; tliroat ashy brown, passing into white
towards the chin and inclining to white next to the narrow black
pectoral baud ; chest and thighs ashy white : tianks, lower abdomen,
and under tail-coverts dusky brown ; under surface of the quills

VOL. XIX. 2 K

418 CTJCTTLID^.

bronzy black ; under wing-coverts ashy brown : " bill deep carmine,
the ends of both mandibles and cutting-edges yellow ; iris brown "
(Uauxwell). Total length 21*5 inches, culmen 2-15, wing 6-8,
tail 10-5, tarsus 2-75.

Nestling. General plumage dark brown, passing into glossy olive-
green on the crest, which is fully developed ; primaries and tail
glossed with purple, secondaries partially washed with chestnut.

Hah. Upper Amazons.

a. cS ad. ; b. S Pebas, Eastern Peru, Feb., Salvin-Godmau Coll.

pull. sk. May (J. Uauxwell).

c. 2 ^-d. sk. Pebas {J. Hauxwell). Sclater Coll.

4. Neomorphus rufipennis.

Cultrides rufipennis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 63, pi. 10.

Neomorphus rufipennis. Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 92, note
(1862) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 249 (pt., Guiana), 1866, p. 60 ; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 272 (1871) ; Scl. ^- Salv. Noinencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107
(1873) ; Lawrence, Ibis, 1873, pp. 292, 295 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 63.

Adult. Upper half of the head and back of the neck blue, passing
into olive on the mantle, back, and upper tail-coverts ; primaries
purplish blue-black ; secondaries mostly deep lilac-shaded rufous,
generally with an inner portion blue-black ; tail metallic lilac-
shaded green, darkening into greenish black towards the ends of
the outer feathers ; a large red patch of bare skin surrounding the
eye and extending to the bill, and margined below on the hinder
half by a band of black feathers ; chin and upper half of the throat
uniform ashy brown, about halfway down the throat the feathers
gradually assuming bluish-black edges, which widen in extent and
form a broad uniform blackish basal collar to the throat ; chest pale
brown, darker on the flanks and dusky brown on the abdomen and
under tail-coverts : the basal two-thirds of the bUl black and the
remainder yellowish green ; iris brown ; legs olive. Total length
21'5 inches, culmen 1"8, wing 6"6, tail ll'o, tarsus 2*9.

Hub. Guiana.

a. Ad, sk. [Guiana.] Purchased.

b. 5 ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana, Oct. Salviu-Godman CoU.

{H. Whitely).

5. Neomorphus radiolosus.

Neomorphus radiolosus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 439, pi. 27.

Adult. Upper half of the head, back of the neck, and front of the
mantle glossy greenish black, barred with brownish buff on the fore-
head and front of the crown, and with white or rufous-white on the
mantle ; primaries violet-black ; remainder of the back dark lilac-
shaded chestnut ; upper tail-coverts olive-green mixed with violet ;
tail bright glossy green, darker towards the end and on the outer
feathers : sides of the head black, with a dark bare patch round the

37. GEococcrx. 419

eye ; feathers of the undorparts with ver)- irregukir and rather
broad bars of bhick aud whitish, giving a mottled appearance;
abdomen and under tail-eoverts uniform dusky black, slightly
glossed with olive ; bill blackish horn-colour, lighter along the end
half of the edges of the mandibles : " iris brown ; legs olive-grey "
(0. Buckley). Total length l'J-1 inches, culmcn 2, wing 6-2, tail
10, tarsus 275.
Hah. Ecuador.

a. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.

(Type of species.)

37. GEOCOCCYX.

Type.

Geococcyx, Wagl. Ms, 18.31, p. 524 G. mexicanus.

Leptostoma, Sioains. Class. B. ii. p. 325 (1837) G. mexicauus,

Ranye. Southern United States to California, and extending to
Mexico and Guatemala.

Key to the Sjiecies.

a. Under tail-coverts white viexicamis, p. 419.

b. Under tail-coverts dark brown affinis, p. 421,

1. Geococcyx mexicanus.

Phasianus mexicanus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 741 (1788) ; Walden, Ibis,

1869, p. 338.
Saurothera californiana, Less. Compl. Buff. vi. p. 420 (1829) ; id.

Traite, p. 145 (1831) ; id. Ann. du Mm. 1835, p. 121, pi. 9.
Cuculus viaticus, Z/c/^^ «M 31us. Berol.,J'de War/l. Isis, 1831, p. 524;

JSartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 215 ; Pucker, op. cit. 1845, p. 51.
Geococcyx variegata, Wagl, Isis, 1831, p. 524; Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p. 4-53 (1847).
Diplopterus viaticus, Boie, Isis, 1831, p. 541.
Saurothera bottse, Less. Traite, p. 145 (1831) ; Botta, Nouv. Ann.

Mus. 18.35, p. 121, pi. 9.
Saurothera marginata, Kaup, Isis, 1832, p. 991, pi. 26.
Cuculus velox, Karioinski, Miinchen Gekhrt.Anzeiy. iii. p. 95 (1836).
Leptostoma lon^cauda. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 325 (1837) ; Gambel,

Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1843, p. 363.
Geococcyx mexicanus, Strickl. Ann. ^- May. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 544

(1842) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 453 (1847) ; Cass. III. B. Califom.

i. p. 213, pi ••!(; (1855); 6W. Cat. Am. B. p. 324 (1862)"; id.

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 177; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8900 (1870) ;

Scl. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. 'Neotr. p. 107 (1873).
Geococcyx viaticus, Ilartl. liev. Zool. 1844, p. 215 ; McCall. Proc. Ac.

Nat. Sc. Phil. iii. p. 234 (1847) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 453 (1847);

Hermann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philnd. (2) ii. p. 270 (1853).
Geococcyx velox. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 453 (1847).
Geococcyx californianus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 73 (1860) ; Cab. (J-

Ileim; Mus. Hein. iv. p. 96 (1862); Scld. Mus. Pays-Bos,

Cuculi, p. 40 (1864); Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 466; Coojier, Orn. Cal.

p. 367 (1870); Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 180 (1872) ; Baird, N.

Am. B. ii. p! 472 (1874) ; Broicn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii. p. 41

(1882) ; Brewster, op. cU. \-iii. p. 25 (1883) ; Coues, Ky N. Am. B.

2e 2

420 CUCTJLID^.

3ncl ed. p. 474 (1884) ; Dreio, Atik,\\. p. 17 (1885) ; Shufeldt, Ibis,
1885, p. 286, pi. 7 ; id. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 466, pis. 42, 45 ; A. O. U.
Check-List, p. 207 (1886) ; Scott Sr Allen, Auk, iii. p. 425 (1886) ;
Bidffw. Mail. p. 272 (1887) ; Shufeldt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1887,
p. 385 ; id. Journ.:''Anat. Phys. xx. pp. 244, 266, pis. 7-9, xxi.
pp. 101, 102. •','■'
Geococcj'x marginatiis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8901 (1870).

Adult. Crown and back of the neck violet-shaded blue-black,
very much mottled with rufous and with white edges to the
feathers, the blue colouring being almost hidden on the forehead,
sides of the crown, and back of the neck; feathers of the mantle
and wing-coverts greener, but similarly edged ; secondaries more
metallic green, with clear white edges ; primaries darker and blacker,
with a patch of white ; the tip of the outer web of each feather also
white ; back dusky olive ; tail-coverts and two centre tail-feathers
lilac-shaded bronze with white edges ; the remaining feathers
bluish black, with broad white ends ; sides of the head whitish,
mottled with black and rufous, chin and upper throat with a mottled
blackish Hne down each side ; lower throat and crop mottled with
rufous centres to the feathers and rather broad black shaft-stripes ;
under surface of the wings dusky brown, with two white marks on
the outer webs of the primaries : " bill black ; iris red ; bare space
round the eye blue, fading into white behind and then a patch of
orange-red " {B. W. Shufeldt). Total length 24 inches, culmen 2*1,
wing 7, taO 12, tarsus 2*4.

Hub. Texas, iS^ew Mexico, Southern Colorado, and westward to
California ; south into Mexico.

a. Ad sk. Texas {Dr. Abadie). Salvin-Godman Coll.

b. S ad. sk. Fort Stockton, Texas, Aug. Salvin-Godman CoU.

c. cf. cJad. ; e-i. CorpusClmsti,Texas,Oct.,Dec., Salvin-Godman Coll.
5 ad. sk. March {F. B. Armstrong).

k, I. (S 2 ^^- sk. Papalote, Bee Co., Texas, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(F. B. Armstrong),
m, n. cJ ad. sk. Ballena, San Diego Co., Call- Salvin-Godman Coll.

foinia, Feb., June (F.Stephens).
0. Ad. sk. California. Purchased.

p. Ad. sk. California. Salvin-Godman Coll.

q, r, s. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.

t. Ad. St. Mexico. J. Phillips, Esq. [P.].

u-x. c? ad. ; y, z. Nuevo Leon, Mexico, May Salvin-Godman Coll.

5 ad. sk. (F. B. Armstrong).

a',b'.Sad.; c. Sierra Madre,aboveCiudad Vic- Salvin-Godman Coll.

5 ad.sk. toTia.,^is.j(W.B. Richardson),

d'. 2 ^'i- sk. Xicotencal, Tamaulipas, May Salvin-Godman Coll.

( JF. B. Richardson).
e'. 5 ad. sk. Soto la Marina, April ( TV. B. Sahiu-Godman Coll.

Richardson).
/'. (S ad. sk. Tamesi, near Tampico, March Salvin-Godman Coll.

( IF. B. Richardson) .
g'. S ad. sk. Teuango del Valle, Oct. ( W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Richardson),
h' . 5 ad. sk. San Salvador, Huejotzingo, Salvin-Ctodman CoU.

Puebla, Feb. [Ferrari-Perez).

37. GKOCOCCYX. 421

t, k\ cf ad. sk. Zapotlan Jalisco Dec, AprU Salvin-Godmaa Coll.
( W. Lloyd Sf W. B. Richard-
son),
v. Skeleton. California. Purchased

m. Skeleton. i urcnasea.

Eyton Coll.

2. Geococcyx affinis.

p. 107 (187.3); Forbes, P. Z. S. 187!

- ... . j^^j^ [loi-i); jforbes, P. Z. S. 1877

P].. .307, 311 ; mdg^v. Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. ix. p. 162 (1886) itf'
Man. A. Am. B. 273 (1887). ^ l-ioou; , m.

(pt., l^b2) ; ScU. Mus. Pays-Bas, CuciUi, p. 41 (pt., 18(>4).
Adult. Cro^^u black, with terminal twin buff spots to the
leathers ; back of the neck and mantle rufous-shaded brown with
white edges to the feathers ; outer half of the wiug-coverts black,
with broad white margins ; primaries black, with a patch and the
tip ot the outer web of each feather white; secondaries and lar-er
scapulars glossy green shaded with lilac and with broad white
edges; back uniform dark rufous-brown; upper tail-coverts and
two centre tail-feathers violet-bronze, edged with white ; remainder
ot the tail-feathers darker and greener, and with white ends; a
rather large smooth bare patch on the sides of the head bright blue
the tea hers in front uniform white ; ear-coverts and chin white
streaked with brown ; beneath buff, with broad black bands down'
the centres of the feathers of the sides of the throat : lower abdo-
men and under taU-coverts dark brown ; under surface of the win-s
dusky brown, with two white marks on the outer web of each
primary : " iris white " {G. F. Gaumer). Total length 19 inches,
culmen 1-6, wing (i-l, tail 11-5, tarsus 2.

Immaiure. Only differs from the adult in being slightly duUer
and mottled with brown down the sides of the throat and breast,
i lie under tail-coverts are dark as in the adult.
Ilah. Mexico and Guatemala.

/"■ '^'I■ f ■ Mexico. Purchased.

o. Ad. sk. Mexico. Tweeddale Coll.

c. 2 ad.sk. Sierra de Alamos, Sonora, Salvin-GodmanColl

May ( W. Lloyd).
r/. d ad sk Presidio, April U- -Fwm-). Salvin-Godinau Coll.

'")./• cT y ad.sk. Hacienda S.Marcos, Zapotlan, Salviu-Godman Coll

•Tahsco, May (ir. Z%rf).
g. $ ad. sk. ^ dean de Colima, Dec. ( W. B. Salvin-Godman CoU.

Richardson).
/'■ 2 ad.sk. Xautipa, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman CoU

July (Mrs. H. H. Smith).
>. 6 ad sk. Oaxaca {Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll

A.. V ad. sk. Los Cerrillos, State of Vera Salvin-Godman CoU

Cruz, June {M. Triuillo).

422

I. S ad. sk.

m, n, 0. cJ ad. sk.
p, q. Ad. sk.

r, s. Ad. sk.

t. Ad. sk.

u. Ad. sk.

V. 2 ad. sk.

w, X. S ; y. 2

ad. sk.
z, a', 6'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
<^', c'. Ad. et juv.

sk.
/',i/'. 2 ad. sk.

CUCTJLID^.

Zentla, Huatusco, State of Vera
Cruz, Au». {Ferrari-Perez).

Jalapa, March {F. B. G.).

Peto, Yucatan, April (G. F.
Gaumer').

Temax, Yucatan, May ( G. F.
Gaumer').

Progi'Bso, Northern Yucatan,
Jan. {E. C. J. Devis).

Izalam, N. Yucatan, Feb. ((?.
F. Gaumer).

Sierra S. Domingo, Tehuante-
pec, April 19 ( W. B. Richard-
son).

Tehuantepec, Feb. (W. B.
Richardson).

Guatemala.

Vera Paz (O. »S'.).

Duenas, Sept. (0. S.).

San Geronimo, Dec, April
(O. S.).

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sclater Coll,

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

38. MOEOCOCCYX.

Morococcyx, Sclat. Cat. Amer. B. p. 322 (1862)
Range. From Mexico to Costa Eica.

Type.
M. erythropygus.

1. Morococcyx erythropygus.

Coccyzus erythropygus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 209 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 212, no. 8938 (1870).
Piaya erythropygia. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 4.57 (1846) ; Des Murs,

Icon. Orn. pi. 66 (1848) ; Scl. ^- Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 133 ; G. E.

Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 118.
Pyrrhococcyx erythropygius, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyyod. p. 6 (1854).
Morococcyx erythi-opygius, Scl. Cat. Ainer. B. p. 322 (1862) ; Cab. Sf

Heine, Miis. Hein. iv. p. 81, note (1862) ; Scl. ^ Salv. Nomencl.

Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1873); Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi.

p. 386 (1884).
Geococcyx erythropygia, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 42 (1864).

Adult. Forehead and crown mottled, the feathers being dark
brownish purple with pale edges; mantle rather pale brown
glossed with lilac ; back brownish black, with rufous edges to the
feathers ; remainder of the wing greener than the mantle and very
strongly glossed with olive ; upper tail-coverts and tail bronzy lilac,
mostly composed of narrow obscure bars of green and lilac ; the
tail-feathers, with the exception of the centre ones, with narrow
white ends ; a bare patch round the eye, surrounded by a band of
black feathers, extending backwards to behind the ear-coverts,
which itself is surmounted by a whitish eyebrow ; beneath rufous
buff, with pale glossy shafts to the feathers of the chin and upper
throat ; sides of the body strongly shaded with rufous ; under tail-
coverts dusky, edged with chestnut; under wing-coverts rufous

M9. BIPLOPTERUS.

423

buff mottled with grey : under surface of the quills uniform
slaty-brown : bill yellow, passing into horny-brown round the
nostrils and culmen ; legs pale brown. Total length 10-1 inches,
culmen 0-9, wing 3-9, tail 5-7, tarsus 1-4.
Hab. The same as that of the genus,

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

b. 5 ad. sk. San Bias, Terr, of Tepic, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Mexico, May ( W. B. Rich-

ardsori).
c,d. c? ad. : e,f. Plains of Colima, Jan. (TF. 5. Salvin-Godman Coll.

5 ad. sk. Richardson),

g, h, i. Ad. sk. Acapuico, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Sept. {Mrs. H. H. Smilh).
k. Pull. sk. Dos Arroyos (1000 ft.). State Salvin-Godman CIoll.

of Guerrero, Sept. {Mrs. H.

H. SinitK).
I. Ad. sk. Sierra Madre del Sur {Mrs. Salvin-Godman Coll,

H. H Smith),
m. 5 ad. sk. San Juan, S. Mexico {Re- Salvin-Godman Coll.

bouch).
n. 5 ad. sk. Sierra S. Domingo, Tehuante- Salvin-Godman CoU.

pec, April {W. B. Richard-
son).
0. 5 ad. sk. Chimalpa, Tehuantepec, March Salvin-Godman Coll,

( IF. B. Richardson),
p, q, r. Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Feb. ( W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Richardso7i).
s. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

t. Ad. sk. Laguna, Guatemala, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(O. S.).
u. Ad. sk. Rio Motagua, Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Feb.(0. «.).
V, w. Ad. sk. Costa Piica {J. Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.

Subfamily V. DIPLOPTERIN^.

Key to the Oenera.

a. Bill short, compressed, arched ; rectrices
narrow; upper tail-coverts reaching
to the middle of the tail 39. DrPLOPTEnus, p. 423.

h. Bill more slender, not compressed,
straighter ; rectrices wide ; upper tail-
coverts reaching to the end of^ the tail. 40. Dromococcyx, p. 425,

Tj-pe.

39. DIPLOPTERUS.

Diplopterus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 977 D. ntevius.

llamje. Central America and the greater part of South America.

1. Diplopterns naevius.

Le Coucou tnchet(5 de Cayeniu!, Driss. Orn. iv. p, 127, pi. 9. fig. 1
(1760) ; Daub. PI. Enl. vi. 812.

424 CTTCTTLID^.

Cuculus nffivius, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 170 (1766) ; Vieill. Nouv. Diet.

viii. p. 271 (1817).
Cuculus pimctulatus, 6rm. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 414 (1788).
Chochi, Azara, Apunt. (1) ii. p. 266 (180.>) ; Hartl. Syst. Inde.i

Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Chirri, Azara, Ajmnt. (1) ii. p. 269 (1805) ; Hartl. Sysi. Index

Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Cuculus galeritus, III. Abhandl. Berlin Ac. 1812, p. 224.
Coccyzus chochi, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 272 (1817) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. 1345 (1823).
Coccyzus chiriri, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 273 (1817); id. Enc.

Meth. p. 1345 (1823).
Coccyzus punctulatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 277 (1817).
Coccyzus ruficapilhis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 278 (1817) ; id.

Enc. Meth. p. 1349 (1823).
Coccyzus septorum, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1343 (1823).
Coccyzus najvius, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1344 (1823) ; Netcwied, Beitr.

Naturg. Bras. iv. p. 341 (1832) ; Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 53 (1838) ;

Pucker. Her. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 564.
Diplopterus nsevius, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 977 ; Gambel, Journ. Ac.

PMlad. 1849, p. 217 ; i>/j. Cuns}}. p. 109 (1850) ; Laivr. Ann.

Lye. N. York.Vu. p. 300(1861); Burm. Thier. Bras. ii. p. 261

(1855) ; Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 321 (1862) ; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad,

p. 343 (1866) ; Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8902 (1870) ; Scl. ^•

Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (1873) ; Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. vi. p. 376 (1883), vii. p. 387 (1884) ; Ridgw. t. c. p. 173;

Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 184 (1886) ; Sclater S)- Hudson, Argent.

Orn. p. 85 (1889).
Piaya nsevia, iess. Traite, p. 143 (1831).
Diplopterus galeritus. Cab. in Schonib. Reise, iii. p. 713 (1848);

Burm. Thier. Bras. ii. p. 262 (1856).
Diplopterus lessoni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 109 (1850) ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 209, no. 8903 (1870).
Diplopterus excelleus, Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. .321 (1862); Gray,

Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8905 (1870).
Diplopterus chochi, Gi-ay, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8904 (1870).

Adult male. General plumage above pale brown, with dark
blackish centres to the feathers ; forehead and crown chestnut, with
broad brownish-black shaft-streaks to the feathers, bordered by a
broad buff eyebrow, which extends back to the sides of the nape ;
nape and mantle fulvous-brown with dark shaft-streaks, broadest
towards the ends of the feathers ; wing-coverts and scapulars very
similar, being dark brown with broad pale brown or rufous-buff
edges ; lower back and upper tail-coverts more rufous-buff with
dark shaft-bands ; tail more uniform brown, inclining to buff at the
edges and to white at the ends of the feathers : car-coverts dark
brown with slightly paler edges ; under surface of the body white,
shading into buff on the throat, chin, under tail-coverts, and thigh-
coverts ; under surface of the wings white, with the terminal half of
the quills dusky brown : iris brown : bill yellowish, with a portion
towards the culmen dark brown ; legs brown. Total length 11-2
inches, culmen 0-75, wing 4*5, tail 7, tarsus 1-35.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
11-2 inches, culmen 1-8.5, wing 4-3, tail 6-7, tarsus 1-3.

40. nROMOCOCCTX.

425

Yoimg. Differs from the adult in having the feathers of the
crown, wings, and tail-covcrts tipped with buff.
llah. The same as that of the genus.

a. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.

c, d, e. cJ ad. ; /.

2 ad. sk.
f/. 5 imm. sk.
'h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

k. Ad.sk.

l-q. Ad. sk.
r-u. Ad. sk.

V, w. J ad. et

imm. sk.
X. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. .sk.

z, a'. Ad. sk.

b'. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
iT, e'. (S ad. sk.

f',ff',h'. Ad.sk.
»'. Juv. St.
k', c? ad. sk.
/'. Ad. sk.

?«', «'. Ad. .sk.
o'. cf ad. sk.
p'-s'. Ad. et juv.

sk.
f. Ad. sk.

m'. Ad. sk.

?'', w', .f'. c? 2 ad.

et imm. sk.
i/'-c". Ad. sk.
r/". Ad. sk.

Cruz,

Ecuador (L.

Ecuador {llliiig-

Mexico.

riava "Vicente, Vera

Dec. (M. TruTi/lo).
Teapa, Tabasco, Feb., March

(Mrs. 11. H. Smith).
Retalhuleu, Guatemala (0. S.).
Duenas, Oct. (O. S.).
San Mateo, Costa Eica, April

{T. Cooper).
La Barranca, Nicova, Costa

Rica, March {E. Arce).
Veragua {E. Arce).
Panama [J. McLcannan ^ A.

Hu(/hes).
Medellin, Antioquia {T. K.

Salmon).
Bogota.
Babahoyo,

Eraser) .
Balzar Mts.

vortfi).
Caracas, Venezuela.
George Town, Demerara.
Bartica Grove, British Guiaua,

Oct., .Tan. (H. Wliitely).
Trinidad.
Cayenne.

Para, Sept. (E. L. Laxjard).
Island of Me.xiana, Nov. {A.

M. Wallace).
Pernambuco {W. A. Eorhes).
Ypauenia, Dec. {J. Natte)-er).
Bahia (Dr. Wucherer).

Novo Fribourgo, Bio de

Janeiro {J. Youds).
Rio Claro, Prov. Gojaz

{Joy Iter).
Chapada, ^Vlatto Grosso, May,

Jime, Oct. {//. H. Smith).
Brazil.
Bolivia (Bridyes).

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salviu-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Mrs. Johnson [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Zoological Society.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

40. DROMOCOCCYX.

Type.

Dromococcvx, IVicd, lieilr. Natun/. Ilrax. iv. p. ;lol

(18:?2) .' ". D. phasianeUus.

Geotacco, I'err. lie v. et Mag. de Zool. 1849, ji. 277 . . 1). phasianellu.*.

Ranrje. From Mexico, through Ccntial America to Colombia, and
thence to Brazil.

426 cuctrxiB^.

Key to the Species.

a. Upper parts browner ; tliroat spotted phasianellus, p. 425.

b. Upper parts blacker ; throat without spots .... imvoninus, p. 427.

1. Dromococcyx phasianellus.

Macropus phasianellus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53, pi. 42 (1824).
Coccyzus phasianellus, Ste^ih. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 206 (1826).
Dromococcyx phasianellus, Nemvied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iv. p. 353

(1832) ; Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 321 (1862) ; Sahin, Ibis, 1868, p. 486 ;

Scl. ^ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (1873).
Diplcpterus phasianellus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 456 (1847) ; id. Kand-l.

B. ii. p. 209, no. 8906 (1870).
Geotacco macrourus, Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1849, p. 277.
Dromococcyx mexicanus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 957 (1856) ; Scl.

Cat. Amer. B. p. 321 (1862).
Dromococcyx rufigularis, Lawrence, Froc. Ac. Philad. 1867, p. 233.
Diplopterus rufigularis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8908

(1870).
Diplopterus mexicanus, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 209, no. 8907 (1870).

Adult male. General plumage above dark brown, with a slight
green and lilac gloss ; forehead dark brown, passing into bright
rufous on the occipital crest ; feathers of the mantle and wings
with partial pale edges, occasionally forming whitish spots on some
of the feathers of the wings ; upper tail-coverts and tail with small
white ends to the feathers ; a bare patch round the eye, from behind
which a broad white eyebrow extends down the sides of the nape ;
ear-coverts and sides of the neck dark brown ; chin, breast, and
under tail-coverts white, shaded with rufous-buff on the centre and
lower throat, where each feather has a blackish shaft-stripe widening
into subterminal spots ; under surface of the quills dark brown,
with the base of the feathers and a partial bar white, like the under
wing-coverts : iris brown ; upper mandible dark brown, paler towards
the edges of the gape ; lower mandible yellowish ; legs pale.
Total length 14*7 inches, culmen 1, wing 6-7, tail 9, tarsus 1-35.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
14 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 6-3, tail 9, tarsus 1-25.

Hab. From Mexico, throughout Central America, to Colombia,
and thence to Brazil.

o. Ad. sk. Central America. Seebohm Coll.

b c. Ad. sk. Jalapa (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll.

d. Ad. sk. Buctzotz, Yucatan (G. T. Salvin-Godman CoU.

Gaumer).

e,f. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.

g, h. Ad. sk. Coban, Jan., Feb. (0. S.). Salvin-Godman Coll.

i, k I. Ad. sk. Panama (J. McLeannan ^ Salvin-Godman Coll.

A. Hughes),

m, n. Ad. et juv. Bogota. Seebohm Coll.

sk.

0, p. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

q. Ad. St. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].

41. CROTOPTTARA. 427

/•. 2 ^^- sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Nov. Salvin-riodman Coll.

(//. H. SinifJi).
s-T. Ad. ot imin. Bahia {Dr. Wucherer). Seebohm Col!.

sk.
y. $ ad. .sk. Araguay, Oct. (.7. Natter&-). Salvin-Godman Coll.

2. Dromococcyx pavoninus.

Dromococcyx phasianelliLS (nee Sirix), Burin. Sust. Th. Bras. ii. p. 260

(18.'5.>).
Diplopterus pavoninus, Pelz. Om. Bras. p. 270 (1871) ; Grray, Hand-l.

B. ii. p. 209, no. 8909 (1870).

Adult male. Similar to D. phasianellus, but differing: in the back
of the neck, mantle, wing- and tail-coverts being black instead of
brown, and the chin and throat being uniform rufous-buff with no
dark markings. Total length 9-3 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 5-5,
tail 5"5, tarsus 1'15.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
11-2 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 5-2, tail 6-8, tarsus 14.

Young. Differs from the adult in having the upper parts, including
the upper half of the head, nearly uniform black, with broad rufous-
buff shaft-stripes on most of the wing-coverts ; throat dusky, chin
nearly white. Total length 9-8 inches, culmen O'So, wing 4-8,
tail 6, tarsus 1-1.

Hab. Guiana to the Eio Negro.

a,b. cJ 2 ad. et Roraima, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. Jan., June (Zf. Wliitelij).

c. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.

d. (S ad. sk. Arimani, June (/. Natterer). Sclater Coll.

Subfamily VI. CROTOPHAGINiE.

Key to the Oenera.

a. Bill very deep and compressed ; culmen

raised above the level of the forehead.

With no crest. Plumage black 41. Crotophaga, p. 427.

b. Bill slender, about as deep as it is broad.

With a crest of long narrow feathers.
Nostrils nearly horizontal, of an elon-
gated oval shape, overhimg by a mem-
brane 42. GuniA, p. 433.

41. CROTOPHAGA.

Type.
Crotophaga, Linn. Hyst. Nat, i. p. 154 (,irOO_) C. aui.

Range. Southern United States ; Central and Southern America ;

Antilles.

428 CTTCTTLIDiE.

Key to the Species.

a. Larger and greener ; wing 8 inches in length, ex-

ternally glossed with green or steel-blue major, p. 428.

b. Smaller ; glossed with bronze or steel-black ; wing

not exceeding 6'5 inches, glossed externally with
violet.
«'. C'ulmen with a high narrow ridge ; sides of the

bill smooth, without grooves or ridges awe, p. 429.

//. Culminal ridge not so high ; sides of bill with

several chstiuct sulcations or grooves following [p. 4-32.

the line of the culmen sulcirostris,

1. Crotophaga major.

liS Grand Bont-de-Petun, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 180 (1760); Daubent.
PI. Enl vi. pi. 102. fig. I.

L'Ani des Paletuviers, Buf. Hist. Nat. vi. p. 423 (1779).

Greater Ani, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. .362 (1781).

Crotophaga major, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 36.3 (1788) ; Less. Traite,
p. 310 (1831)': Neimied. Beitr. Nattirg. Bras. iv. p. 319 (1832);
TscJmcH Sf Cab. Faun. Pertain, pp. 40, 256 (1844-46) ; Gray,
Gen. B. ii. p. 458 (1845) ; Cab. in Scko77ib. Beis. Guian. iii. p. 712
(1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 99 (1850) ; Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 2.53
(1855) ; Sd. P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 268 ; zV/. Cat. Amer. B. p. 320
(1862) ; Cab. !<f Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 99 (1862) ; Taylor,
Ihi.'^, 1864, p. 93; Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 47 (1864);
Liotaml, Ois. Trinidad, p. 358 (1866) ; 8d. ^' Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 195, 1867, p. 585 : Fitisch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 587 ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. ii. p. 210, no. 8912 (1870) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 268 (1871) ;
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 379 ; Sd. 8,- Salt: Nomencl. Av. Neotr.
p. 107 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 536 ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll.
p. 443 (1882) ; Tacz. Orn. Perov, iii. p. 180 (1886).

Anno Guazu, Azarr/, A/mnt. ii. p. .348 (1805) ; Hartl. Ind. Azara,
p. 17 (1847).

Crotophaga americanus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 380, pi. 51 (1812).

Crotophaga ani (nee Linn.), Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 35, pi. 43 (1825).

Adult male. Glossy blue-black, all the feathers of the head, neck,
mantle, and breast with metallic green edges ; feathers of head and
neck somewhat lanceolate in shape, lax and divided at the ends :
mantle more scale-like iu appearance, and on the breast the blue
and green colouring more diffused ; remainder of the wings more
uniform greenish steel-blue ; lower back, upper tail-coverts, and
tail nearly uniform violet-blue ; under surface of the wings glossy
steel-green : lores and region of eye bare : " bill, feet, and bare
skin of eye blackish ; iris beautiful light green, with a narrow
yellow ring round the pupil " (Ntuiuied). Total length 18 inches,
culmen 1-85, wing 8, tail 10, tarsus 1-65.

Adtdt female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 19-5
inches, culmen 1-75, wing 7-9, tail 10-7, tarsus 1-65.

The youncj has a smaller casque to the bill, is duller in colour,
with less metallic gloss, and has the iris dark brown (Katterer).

Hah. South America, from Colombia to Peru ; throughout the
valley of the Amazon, northwards to Guiana and Trinidad ; unknown
in Venezuela ; throughout BrazU, as far south as La Plata.

41. CROTOPHAGA.

429

a. Ad. at.; 5.Ad. sk.

c. Ad. sk.

d. (J ad. sk.

e,f. (S 2 ad. sk.
ff. Ad. sk.
h. \d. St.

«, k. d 2 iid. sk.

;. Ad. sk.
m. 2 ^^ sk.

«. Ad. sk.

o, /3. cJ 5 ad. sk.
q, r, s. cj ad. ; t, u.

2 ad. sk.
», '<'• 6 2 ad. sk.

.r, y. Ad. sk.
z, «'. Ad. sk.
b'. Skeleton.

South America.
South America.
Nichi, U.S. Colombia ( T. K.

Salmon).
Medellin, Antioquia (7'. K.

Salmon).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Btick-

ley).
British Guiana.

Auuai, British Guiaua, July

{H. Whitdij).
Trinidad.
Rio Capim, Juue (^4. li.

Wallace).
Upper Ucavali, Amazons {^E.

Bartlett).
Samiria, Nov. (J. Hau^vwell).
Yquitos, Peru, March, Aug.-

Oct. (H. miitehj).
Matto Grosso, Feb. {H. H.

Smith).
Brazil.

Bahia, Brazil {Dr. Wncherer).
Santa Cruz, Peruvian AmOr-

zons.

J. Gould, Esq.
Hardwicke Bequest.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Royal Geographical

Society.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Sclater CoU.
Sclater Coll.

Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Seebohm Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bai-tlett, Esq. [P.].

2. Crotophaga ani.

Le Bout-de-Petun, Briss. Om. iv. p. 177, pi. 18. fig. 1 (1760).
Razor-billed Blackbird, Catesby, N. H. Carol, ii. App. p. 3, pi. ."3

(1763).
Crotophaga ani, Linn. Sysf. Nat. i. p. 154 (1766) ; Lafh. Ind. Orn. i.

p. 148 (1790) ; Vieill. i^- Oud. Gal. Ois. i. p. 35, pi. 43 (1825);

d'Orb. Hid. Nat. Cuba, iii. p. 116 (1839) ; Neuwied, Beitr. Natury.

Bras. iv. p. 314 (1845); Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 282 (1847); Cab.

in Schomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 713 (^1848) ; Bj>. Consp. Av. i. p. 99

(1850) : Burm. Th. Bra-<. ii. p. 254 (1856) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857,

p. 234 ; A. ^V E. Newton, Ibis, 1859, pp. 148, 378, pi. 12. fig. 5 ;

Cass. Proc. Phi lad. Acad. 1860, p. 377; Baird, B. N. Jmer. p. 72,

pi. 84. fig. 2 (1860); 'Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 285, 1861, p. 79; id.

Cat. Ainer. B. p. 320 (1860) ; Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv.

p. 100 (1862) ; Schl. Mas. P.-B. Cuculi, p. 47 (1863) ; E. C.

Taylor, Ibis, 18(U, p. 92; Uotaud, Orn. Trinidad, ^p. 355 (1866) ;

Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 366 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 195, 1867,

p. 585, 1869, p. 598 ; Siindei: (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1869, p. 600 ;

Sail). P.Z. S. 1870, p. 211 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 210, no. 8911

(1870) ; IVyaff, Ibis, 1871, p. 379 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 269 (1871) ;

Hamilton, Ibis, 1871. p. 307; Scl. P.Z.S. 1871. p. 273 : Corns,

Key N. Amer. B. p. 189 (1872) ; Lat/ard, Ibis, 1872, p. 337 ; Scl. ^

Sale. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 ( ls73) : iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 296 ;

Laynrd, Ibis, 1873, p. 392 ; Scl. if Salt: P. Z. S. 1876, p. 17 ; Baird,

Breiver, e^- liidgic. N. A. B. ii. p. 4^8 (^1874) ; Laicr. Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus. i. p! 193 (1878) ; id. torn. cit. pp. 273, 449, 487 (1879) ;

Scl. tV Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 536; Ridyu: Proc. U.S. Nat. AI,t.i.

iii. p. 231 (1880) ; Cory, B. Bahamas, p. 118 (1880) ; Allen, BiUl.

Nutt. Orn. Cltd>, v. p. 169 (1880) ; Cory, op. cit. vi. p. 54 (1881);

430 CTTCTJLID^.

White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 619 ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. (2nd ed.)

p. 472, fig. 323 ( 1884) ; Cory, B. S. Domingo, p. 100 (1884) ;

Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vii. p. 172 (1884) ; id. op. cit. viii.

p. 577 (1885) ; Tacz. ^' Bert. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 108 ; Berl. ^- Jhering,

Zeitsehr. yes. Orn. ii. p. 161 (1885) ; Cory, Auk, 1886, p. 361 ;

Tacz Orn. Perou, iii. p. 180 (1886) ; A. O. U. Check-l. p. 206

(1886) ; Wells, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 261 (1887) ; Cory,

Auk 1887, p. 96 ; Eidyw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 272 (1887) ; Sclater

& Hudson, Argent. Orn. ii. p. 31 (1889) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1889,

p. .395 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 372, 1890, p. 88.
P Crotophaga ambulatoria, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 155 (1766) ; Wald.

Ibis, 1869, p. 327.
Petit Bout-de-Petun, Daubent. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 102. fig. 2.
Lesser Ani, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 360, pi. xiii. (1781).
L'Ani des Savanes, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 420 (1789).
The Savanna Blackbird, Browne, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, p. 474 (1789).
Anno, .4sa?-a, Apmit. ii. p. 344 (1805) ; Hartl. Ind. Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Crotophaga minor, Less. Traite, p. 130 (1831).
Crotophaga rugirostra. Swains. An. in Menay. p. 321, fig. 65 b (1837) ;

Jard. I Selby,Ill. Orn. (n. s.) pi. xli. (1843); Gray, Gen. B. ii.

p 458 (1845) ; Cah. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 713 (1848) ; B]}.

Consp. Av.'i. p. 99 (1850) ; Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 255 (1856) ; Baird,

B. N. Amer. p. 71, pi. 84. fig. 1 (1860).
Crotophaga Isevirostra, Swains. An. in Menay. p. 321, fig. 65 a

(1837); Gray, Gen.B.il^. i58 (ISio); B2}. Consp. Av.i.Tp.99 (1860).

Adult. Black, with metallic edges to the feathers of the head,
neck mantle, and breast ; the edges of the feathers of the head and
neck of a more coppery bronze shade, and striped on the head and
throat, owing to the feathers being narrow and forked; on the
mantle and chest the margin becomes arched and of a steel-blue
shade ; back nearly uniform black ; wings and tail more shaded
with violet and blue ; under surface of the body, as well as the
under tail- and wing-coverts, tinted with violet ; under surface of
the quills glossy blue -black shaded with green ; a large bare
patch round eye connected with the bill : bill and legs black ; iris
hazel. Total length 12-.5 inches, length of bill in a straight line
1-15, wing 5-4, tail 6-6, tarsus 1-25.

Hah. Southern United States, Central America, and West Indian
Islands, extending over a great portion of South America.

« /> e rT ad sk St. Vincent, W. I., Feb., Oct. Salvin-Godman CoU.

' ' ■ ■ {F.A. Ober).

d e. Ad. sk. Santa Lucia (Semper). Sclater CoU.

f! (S ad.'sk. Santa Lucia, March (Ra- West Indian Com-

' ' mage). mittee Brit. Assoc.

a h. (S 2 ad. sk. Tortola, Nov. (C. S. Winch). Salvin-Godman CoU.

f'/t'cT2adsk Virgin Gorda, Dec. (C. S. Salvin-Godman CoU.

' " Winch),

l-o. Ad. sk. Puerto Rico, Oct. (Z>/-. Bry- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ant),

no r? ad sk Puerto Plata, S. Domingo, Salvin-Godman Coll.

^' ^ ■ ■ Dec, June (G B. Cory).

r s Ad. sk. Haiti. Baron Maltzam [C.].

t'u. 6 ad. sk. St. Croix, Jan.; July (0. S.). Salvin-Godman CoU.

41. CROTOPHAGA. 431

V, w. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba (G. F. Salviu-Godman Coll.

Gauvier).
x, y. 5 ad. .sk. Grand Cayman, July (W. B. Salviu-Godman Coll.

Richardson).
z, a'. Ad. sk. Bahamas (Blake). Sclater Coll.

(/', c'. Ad. sk. .lauiaica. Sclater Coll.

d'-k'. Ad. sk. Cozumel Lsland (G. F. Gmv- Salvin-Godmau Coll.

mer) .
I'. Ad. sk. Holbox Island, Dec. (G. F. Salvin-Godraan Coll.

Gaumer).
m'-r . Ad. sk. Ruatan Island {G. F. Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll.

mer).
s. Ad. sk. Merida, N. Yucatan, Feb. {E. Salvin-Godman Coll.

C. I. Devis).
t', u', v'. c? ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.

{E. Area),
w', x', !/'. <S 2 Isthmus of Panama (J. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

ad. sk. McLeaiman).

z', a". (S ad. sk. Medellin, Autioquia (T. K. Seebohm CoU.

Salmon),
b". J <id. sk. U.S. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Cull.

c". Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.

d", e". Ad. et j u v. Santa Rita, Ecuador ( C. Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk. ley),

f . Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (i. Sclater Coll.

F-aser).
I/". $ ad. sk. Chanchamayo, Peru, Aug. Seebohm CoU.

(H. Whiiehj).
h". (S ad. sk. Yquitos, Peru, March 12 (H. Seebohm Coll.

IVkUely).
i". cJ ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru, May 6 {H. Seebohm Coll.

Whitcly).
k", I", m". $ Maranm-a, Peru, Sept. {H. Seebohm Coll.

ad. sk. Whitelij).

n''. $ ad. sk. Potrero, Peru, Dec. 5 (U. Seebohm Coll.

Whitely).
o". Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll,

2)". 2 ad. sk. Oran, Salta, Arg. Rep., Nov. Forbes Coll.

12 [E. W. White).
q"-t". KA.&k. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothe-

say [P.].
u". c? ad. sk. Rio Claro, Prov. Goyaz, S. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Brazil (Joyner).
v", to". Ad. sk. Bahia (Br. Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

.r"-a^ S 2 ad. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Jidy, Salvin-Godman Coll.

sk. Aug., Oct. (H. II. Smith),

h^, (?. Ad. sk. Pernambuco ( W. A. Forbes). Salvin-Ciodman Coll.

rf". Ad, sk. C^ara, N. Brazil ( TI'. Jesse). Salviu-Godman Coll.

e^. 2 ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons, Aug. 5 Tweeddale Coll.

(E. L. Layard).
/*, g"^. Ad. sk. Island of :Niexiana, Nov. (A. Salvin-Godman Coll

R. Wallace).
¥. Ad. sk. British Guiana. Seebohm Coll.

i^, k^. Ad, sk. Bartica Grove, British Giuaua, Salviu-Godmim Coll

.Ian. & Sept. {II. Whitely).
P. Sternum. .Tamaica. Philip Gosse Esa

[C],

432 ctrcuLiD^.

3. Crotophaga sulcirostris.

Crotopliaga sulcirostris, Swains, Philos. Mag. (n. s.) i. p. 440 (1827);
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 458 (184o) ; Cass. Proc. Philacl. Acad. 1848,
p. 91 ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 99 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309 ;
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 59 ; Scl. t. c. pp. 368, 388 ; Scl. ^ Salv.
Ibis, 1859, p. 135 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 285, 297 ; G. C. Taylor,
Ibis, 1860, p. 118; Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 320 (1862): Cab. ^
Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 101 (1862) ; Schl Mus. P.-B. Cuculi,
p. 47 (1863) ; Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 280, 1868, p. 175,
1869, p. 148 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 211; Scl. ^ Salv. t. c. p. 837 ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 210, no. 8913 (1870); Scl. ^- Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 107 (1873) ; Taczan. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 548,
1877, pp. 328, 753 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 47 ; Taczan. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 240, 1880, p. 210; Ridyw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. iil
pp. 219, 233 (1880) ; Nutting, op. cit. v. pp. 401, 498, 546 (1882) ;
id. op. cit. vi. pp. 376, 387, 395 (1883) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 454 ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 426 ; Cones, Key N. Am. B.
p. 472 (1884) ; Taczan. (^ Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118 ; A. 0. U.
Clieck-l. p. 207 (1886); Taczan. Orn. Pirou, iii. p. 181(1886);
Ferrari-Perez S^ Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 162 (1887) ;
liidgiv. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 272 (1887) ; Lloyd, Auk, 1887,
p. 190 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 372.

Crotopbag'a casasii, Less. Voy. Coquille, i. p. 619 (1826) ; id. Man.
Orn. ii. p. 134 (1828) ; id. Cent. Zool. pi. 11 (1830) ; Tschudi Sf
Cab. Faun. Peruan., Aves, p. 41 (1855).

Crotopliaga sulcii'ostra, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 322 (1837).

Crotophaga semisulcata, Swains. An. i7i Menag. p. 346 (1837).

Crotopliaga sulcata, Licht. in Mus. Berol. (teste Cab. Sf Heine, Mus.
Hein. iv. p. 101).

Crotophaga rugiro8tris (nee Siv.), Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 359.

Adult. Similar in plumage to C. ant, but differs in the hill, which
has three or four ridges on the upper mandible parallel to the
culmeu, and a few straight ridges on the lower mandible. Total
length 13-4 inches, culmen I'l, wing 5-7, tail 8-3, tarsus 1-3.

Nestling. Hack, glossed on the wings and tail with violet-blue.

Hah. Eio Grande VaUey and Central America from Mexico to
Panama, extending into Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

a-l. cJ 5 ad. sk. Brownsville, Texas, Jan., April, Salvin-Godman Coll.

May (^F. B. Armstrong),
m, n. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.

0. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, Feb. (F. Bischoff). Salvin-Godman Coll.

p, q. <S ^ ad. sk. Presidio de Mazatlan, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.

(A. Forrer).
r. (S ad. sk. San Bias, Terr, of Tepic, April Sulvin-Godiuan Coll.

( IF. B. Richardson).
s, t. S ^ ad. sk. Bolafios, Jalisco, Feb. {W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Richardson),
u-y. S $ ad. et Sautana, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Salvin-Godman Coll.

imm. sk. Feb., March ( W. Lloyd).

z, a'. (S $ ad. sk. Santiago, Manzanillo, Colinia, Salvin-Godman Coll.

June ( W. Lloyd).
6', c', <Z'. cJ ad. sk. Putla, May, Sept. (Ri'bouch). Seebohm Coll.
e',f' .<S $ad. sk. Epatlan, Canton de Matamo- Salvin-Godman Coll.

ros, Nov. [Ferrari-Perez).
^r'-r'.cJ Jad. sk. Nuevo Leon, May, June Salvin-Godman Coll.

( W. B. Armstrong).

42. GUIEA.

433

if. d 'id. .■<lv.

~') ""• 6 2 "<■!• sk.
//'. c? ad, sk.

c". c? fid. ; d", e".

2 ad. ak.
/",//". c?5ad..sk.
k", i". 6 2 ad. .sk.

/i-", /", m" . tS ad.

«'', o",p". Ad. et

imin. sk.
(/". Ad. sk.

r"-tc". \d. sk.
r". Ad. sk.

w"-c^. Ad. et iuv.

sk. -^

rf'. Ad. sk.
e^ /■'. Ad. sk.
^\"Ad. sk.
h\ d ad, sk.

i', k^. d ad, sk.
P, m\ Ad. sk.
w'. Ad. sic.

o', ;'\ !?^ 6 2 ad.

sk.
r'. 2 ad. .sk.

s\ t\ Ad. sk.
u^. Ad. sk.
v^. Ad. sk.

2«^, a-', y^. Ad. sk.
s^ Ad. sk.

a\ b\ S 2 ad. sk.

c', rf', e^. S ad. sk.

Tehiiantepoc, March 1 ( W. B.
Ilivlidnhon).

Sirna Madre, abo vo Ciiidad Vic-
toria, April, May ( W. B.R.).

Xicoteucal, Tamaulipas, May
( W. B. K).

Tampico, Feb. {W. B. R.).

Vera Cruz, Feb. i^W. B. R.).
Teapa, Vera Cruz, Feb. {Mrs.

H. II. Smith).
.Jalapa, Jan., March [F.D. G.).

Jalapa {de Oca).

.Salvia-

Salviu-

Salvin-

Salvin-

Salvin-
Salvin-

-(iodmau Coll.

■(iodman Coll.

■Gudiuau Coll.

•Godinan Coll.

•Godman Coll.
•Godman Coll.

Salvia-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.

Bnctzotz, Yucatan, April (G. Salvin-Goduiau Coll.

F. Gaumcr).
Peto, Yucatan,April((?. F. G.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Yzamal, N. Yucatau, Jan. (G. Salvin-Godmau Coll.

F. G.).
Cozuinel Island (G. F. G.).

Holbox Island {G. F. G.).

Mugeres Island (G. F. G.).

Meco Island {G. F. G.).

Orange Walk, British Hondu-
ras, Dec. (G. F. G.).

DueiiaSjGuatemala, Aug. ( O.S.).

Guatemala.

San Jose, Costa Rica, (J. Car-
miol) [Sm. no. .33503].

Calovevora, Vei'agua {E.
Arce).

Santa Marta, April {F. A, A.
Simons).

Intac, Ecuador (C Buckley).

Babahoyo {L. Fraser).

Guayaquil.

Peru.

Pa3'ta, Peru, Jan. (A. H.

Marhham).
Callao, Peru, Sept. {A. H.

Markham).
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru,

Oct. {H. Whitehj).

Salvin-Godmau Coll .

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Capt.Kellett&Lieut.
AVood [P.].

Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salviu-Godman Coll.

Salvin-Godmau Coll.

42. GTJIRA.

Type.

Guira, Less. TraiU, p. 149 (1831) G. guira.

Octopteryx, Kaup, Die I'iir/. Sy.it. hesclir. p. 25 (1836) . . G. guira.
Ptiloleptus, Swains. Class.' B, li. p. 323 (1837) G. guira.

Range. Brazil and Paraguay.

1. Guira giiira.

Le Coucou hup^ du Br6sil, Briss. Oni. iv. p. 144 (1700).
Cuculus guira, Gm. Syst. Xat. i. p. 414 (1783).
VOL. XIX. 2 g

434 CTTCTJLID^.

Piririgua, Azara, Apunt. (1) ii. p. 340 (1805) ; Havtl. Si/st. Index

Azara, p. 17 (1847).
Crotophag-a piririgua, Buff. Nat. Hist. Ois. vi. p. 407 (178D) ; Vieill.

Enc. Meth. p. 1356 (1828) ; id. ^ Oud. Gal. Ois. i. p. 36, pi. 44

(1825) ; Guerin, Icon. Ois. pi. 31.
Coccyzus guira, Nemvied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iv. p. 335 (1832) ;

Temm. Tahl. Meth. p. 53 (1838) ; Quoy ^ Gaim. Voy. Uranie,

p. 114, pi. 26 (1824).
Ptiloleptus cristatus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 328 (1837).
Guira piririgua, Strickl. Ann. &■ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, p. 36; Scl.

Cat. Am. B. p. 320 (1862) ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 210, no. 8010

(1870) ; Scl. &; Salv. Nom. Av. Neotrop. p. 107 (1873) ; Sclater 8f

Hudson, Argent. Orn. ii. p. 32 (1889).
Diplopterus guira, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 456 (1847).
Ptiloleptis guira, Burm. Syst. Vebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 257 (1855).
Guira cristata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 6 (1854).
Octopterjx guira, Cah. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 98 (1862).

Adult male. General plumage above dark brown and buff : head
and neck buff, shading into pinkish rufous on the forehead and crest
and with narrow black shaft-fstripes to the feathers, broadest on the
longest crest-feathers and those of the back of the neck : mantle
and scapulars dark brown with fulvous shaft-stripes ; remainder of
the wing brown, dark internally, and passing into buff on the outer
feathers ; all the wing-coverts broadly edged with buff ; back white,
passing into buff on the upper tail-coverts and basal half of the tail;
remainder of the tail brownish black, with a green gloss and with
broad white ends to all but the centre feathers ; under surface pale
buff, with narrow black sbaft-stripes on the throat; under surface
of wings whitish buff, shading into brown on the middle and end
half of the quills : " bill and iris yellow ; legs grey " (Alan Peel).
Total length 16 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 7"4, tail 9-7, tarsus 1-G5.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 15
inches, culmen 1"3, wing 6'9, tail 9"2, tarsus 1"45.

Rah. The same as that of the genus.

a, b. Ad. sk. Chili. Seebohm Coll.

c, S iid. sk. Meudoza {E. C. Heed). Seebohm Coll.

d. d" ad. sk. Pampas Ai-gentiuas {Leybuld). Salviu-Godmau Coll.
e,/. 5ad.sk. Couchitas, Buenos Ayres, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll.

( W. H. Hudson),

g. (5 ad. sk. Salta, Arg. Rep, Oct. {E. Forbes Coll.

W. WJiite).

h, i. S ad. sk. Uruguay, June, Aug. Alan Peel, Esq. [P.].

k, I. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.

m, n. Ad. st. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.J.

o. Juv. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.

{J. Youds).

p, q- 6 2 ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso (H. H. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Smith).

r. cS ad. sk. Ypanema, May {J. Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.

s, t. Ad. sk. Pernambuco {W. A. Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.

u. (^ ad. sk. Ceara, March ( JV. Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll.

V. (S ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Jan. {A. Salvin-Godman Coll.

B. Wallace),

w. Skeleton. Para. Pui-chased.

MTJS0PHAGrD.T5. 435

Family MUSOPHAGID^E.

(By G. E. SHELLEY.)

Feet semi-zygodactyle, the fourth or outer toe capable of being
turned either backwards or forwards.

Palate desmoguathons.

Easipterygoid processes absent.

Hallux present, connected with the flexor longus hallucis, not
witli the flexor perforans digitorum, which leads to the second,
third, and fourth digits.

Tail-feathers ten.

Pterylosis : spinal feather-tract well detined on the neck by lateral
bare tracts, but with no interscapular fork.

Confined to the Ethiopian Region.

On a peculiar colouring-matter, Turadn, discovered by A. H.
Church in tlie feathers of the Touracous, see Philos. Trans, vol. i"j9
(1869), p. '627.

Cf. Schalo2v, J.f. O. 1886, pp. 1-77.

Key to the Genera.

a. Nostrils concealed 1 . Turacus, p. 43o.

b. Nostrils exposed.

a'. Nostrils oval, not placed iu a groove and

not nearer to the forehead than to the tip

of the bill.

a". Bill small and black ; base of culmen

hiilden by feathers ; with crimson on the

quills as in Turacus -2. Gallirex, p. 4 |(!.

//'. Bill lar";or, red and yellow; entire bill
exposed.
a'". Bill broad, culmen rounded and not

compressed behind the nostrils ; with [p. 447.

crimson on the quills as iu Turacus. . 3. Musophaga,
b'". Bill flattened, culmen compressed

throughout its length ; with no crim- [p. 440.

son on the quills 4. Corythjeola,

b'. Nostrils linear, placed in a partially curved
groove and nearer to the forehead than to
the tip of the bill ; with no red or blue on
the plumage. [P- ^^■

c". Front half of the bead feathered 5. Schizorhis,

d". Front half of the head bare 0. Gymnoschizoriiis,

[p. 455.

1. TURACUS. ^^^

Turacus, Cuv. Le<;ons d'Anat. Comp. i. tab. 2

(1800) T- macrorhynchus.

Touraco, Laciphle, Mhn. List. Paris, iii. p. 504

ngOl) T. ninrrorhjTichus.

2f 2

436 MUSOPHAGID^.

Type.

Corythaix, III. Prodr. p. 202 (1811) T. leucotis.

Opsethus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 29 (1816) T. erytbroloplius.

Coiythrix, Fle^n. Phil. Zool. ii. p. 2o0 (1822).
Spelectos, Wagl. Syst. Av. Spelectos, fol. 8, p. 3

(1827) T. corythaix.

Mancje. Confined to Trojncal and Southern Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Anterior half of crown gi'ass-green.

a'. Crest bottle-green ; with a white patch on

sides of neck leiicotis, p. 436.

6'. Crest uniform green with no white or red tips.
a". With a partially defined black baud under

the eye and a strongly marked white one. persa, p. 437.
b". With a strongly marked black band under
the eye and only a slight streak of white

underneath (often absent) bitffoni, p. 438.

c'. Crest uniform green, tipped with white,
c". Metallic portion of back and wings green.
a'". With the tail violet-blue, contrasting
with the back and wings ; crest 4 inches

in length schaloivi, p. 439.

b'" . With the tail green; crest-feathers not
2-5 inches long.
a^. With an elongated crest.

a'. Tail bluer than back livingstoni, p. 439.

¥. Back bluer than tail reichenoivi, p. 440.

6*. Crest evenly rounded corythaix, p. 440.

d". Metallic portion of the back and wings blue

like the tail schuetti, p. 441.

d'. Crest uniform green, tipped with black and

with a white subterminal bar on each of the [p. 441 .

feathers macj'orhynchus,

e . Crest imiform green, tipped with red meriani, p. 442.

/'. Crest green and red, tipped with white .... Jischeri, p. 443.
b. ' Anterior half of crown not green.

(/'. Upper half of head red, crest tipped with [p. 444.

white erythrohphus,

h' . Forehead and crown violet : crest white .... leucolophus, p. 444.
i'. Entire upper half of head steel-blue, with a

white patch in front of the eye hartlaubi, p. 445.

1. Turacus leucotis.

Le To-iu-aco d'Abyssinie, Biif. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 386 (1783).

Corythaix leucotis, Piipp. Neue Wirb., Vog. p. 8, pi. 3 (1835-40) ;
Cab. S,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 99 (1860) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. S.
vi:. p. 276 (1870) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 701 (1871) ; Sharps,
Cat. Afr. B. p. 11 (1871) ; Schahxo, J. f. O. 1886, p. 41.

Turacus leucotis, Piipp. Syst Uebers. p. 80 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Riipp. Arch.f. Naturg. xvii. p. 321 (1851) ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125, no 7857 (1870) ; Blanf. Geol. ^ Zool. Abyss.
p. 316 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. cliii (1872); Ant in. I-

1. TURACUS. 437

Salmd. Vicujy. Boijos, p. ol (1873) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2)
i. p. 97 (1884) ; id. op. cit. (-2) v\. pp. 215, 529.
Musophaga leucoti.s, Schl. S,- Westenn. Toerako's, p. 13, pi. o (18G0) ;
Schl. Mus. Pay.<<-Bas, Ciiculi, p. 75 (1864).

Adult male. Head, neck, and chest glossy grass-green, shading
into deep bottle-green on the crest ; a large white spot in front of
the eye, followed by a small blackish patch on the cheek ; bare skin
round the eye red, edged in front and below by a few small black
feathers ; behind the ear-coverts a silky white patch, extending
on each side of the throat ; back and wings blue-grey, glossed
with green and pale blue ; tail similar, but darker ; quills, with
the exception of the outer one, bright crimson, with their edges
and shafts black ; remainder of the under surface of the bodv,
under tail- and wing-coverts ashy grey, the latter slightly mottled
with green : iris hazel ; bill yellow ; legs black. Total length
15-3 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-3, tail 8, tarsus 1-7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 15
inches, culmen 1*1, tail 7"3, tarsus 1'6.

Hah. Confined to Xorth-east Africa, where it ranges from Bogos
throughout Abyssinia to >Shoa, but has not been recorded from
further south,

a, b. Ad. sk. Bogos-Land (Hsler). Shelley Coll.

e. 2 ad. sk. Auseba Vallev, Aug. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
d, e. c? ad. sk. Bejook, July ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.

f. Ad. sk. Abyssinia, Edward Wilson, Esq.

[P.].

g. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Purchased.

'h. (S ad. sk. Mishek, S. of Antalo, May. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].
h ^- c? 2 ad. sk. Shoa, Dec. {Sir W. Harris). India Museum.
I. Ad. sk. White Nile. Gould Coll.

2. Tnracus persa.

Crown Bird from Mexico, Albin, Nat. Hist. B. ii. p, 18, pi. 19 (1738).
Le Coucou vert hupe de Guin^e, Brisi. Orn. iv, p. 153 (1760).
Cuculus persa, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 171 (1766) ; StricM. Contr. Orn.

1851, p. 161 ; Walden, Ibis, 1869, p. 335,
Touraco, Lath. Gen. Si/n. B. ii. p. 545 (1782) ; Edwwds, Nat. Hist. B.

i. pi. 7 (1803).
Opaithus africauus {nee Lath.), Shaio, Gen. Zool. ix, p. 63, pi, 15

(1815).
Turacus persa, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. .395, pi. 97. fig. 1 (1845) ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 87 (1850) ; Riipp. Arch. f. Naturf/. xvii. p. 319

(1851) ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852, pp. 69, 72 ; Grni/, Hand-l. B. ii,

p. 125, no. 7852 (1870) ; Bourier, Cat. Marche Jjr. p. 27 (1875).
Musophaga persa, Temnx. Tab/. Mcth. p. 51 (1838); Schl. J. f. O.

1854, p. 462 ; id. .S" Wosfcrm. Tncraku's, p. 16, pi. 9 (1860) ; Schl.

Mus. Fa>/s-Bas, Cuculi, p. 76 (18(U).
Corvthaix persa, Hartl J. f. O. 18.54, p. 125, 1855, p. 361 ; id. Orn.

W.-Afr. p. 156 (1857) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 193 ; id. Cat. Afr. B.

438 MUSOPHAGID^.

p. 11 (1871) ; Seiche?!. J. f. O. 1877, p. 14; Socage, Orn. Angola,
p. 541 (1881) ; Schaloiv, J. /. 0. 1886, p. 21.

Adult male. Head and neck grass-green ; back, wings, and tail
glossy violet ; quills, with the exception of the outer one, bright
crimson, with the edges and shafts black ; bare ocular patch scarlet,
with a band of white feathers in front and below, this being divided
by a patch of black feathers on the cheek ; front and centre of chest
grass-green like the neck ; remainder of the body and the under
tail-coverts violet-shaded black ; under surface of quUls like the
upper surface ; under wing-coverts dark brown, partially washed
with green : bill deep olive, inclining to yellow on the edges ; iris
hazel ; legs black. Total length 15-7 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-5,
tail 8, tarsus 1*6.

AcMt female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 17
inches, culmen I'l, wing 7, tail 8-2, tarsus 1-G5.

Hah. Confined to West Africa, where it ranges from Senegambia
to the Congo.

a. Ad. sk. Casamauce. Sharpe Coll.

b, c. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Godfrey Lagden,Esq.

[P.].

d. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.

e, f. Ad. sk. Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
a. Ad. sk. Accra, Feb. (T. E. Suchley). Sharpe Coll.
h. Ad. sk. ■ Denkera [H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

i. Ad. St. River Niger. T. Thompson, Esq.

[P.].
k, I, m. Ad. sk. Cameroons Mt9.,Feb. (A. Cross- Sharpe Coll.

%)•
n, 0. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Shelley Coll.

jt. 2 ad. sk. Landaua, River Congo, Feb. Shellev Coll.

(i. Petit).

3. Turacus buffoni.

Le Touraco Buffon, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 3.3, pi. 17 (1806).
Opaetlnis buffonii, Vieill. Noiw. Diet, xxxiv. p. 304 (1819) ; id. Enc.

Meth. p. IlW (18.'>3).
Corythaix buflbni, Jardine ^ Selby, III. Oi-n. pi. 122 (1825) ; HaHl,

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 156 (1857); Shar2)e Sf Souvier, Sitll. Soc. ZooL

France, i. "p. 50 (1876) ; Bocaqe, Orn. Anqola, p. 541 (1882) ;

Schaloiv, J. /."O. 1886, p. 24 ; Seichen. J.f. O. 1887, pp. 299, 302.
Spelectos persa {ncc Linn.), Wiigler, Sgst. A v. Spelectos, sp. 2 (1827).
Corythaix purpureus, Cuv., Less. Traite, p. 124 (1831) ; Harfl. J.f. O.

1854, p. 125; Seiche?!. J. f. 0. 1875, pp. I, 48.
Corythaix senegalensis, Szvains. B. W. Afr. i. p. 225, pi. 21 (1837).
Turacus persa, pt., Bp. Consp. i. p. 87 (1850).
Turacus -buffoni, Silpp. Arch.f. Naturg. xvii. p. 320 (1851) ; Hartl.

op. cit. xviii. p. 20 (1852) ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852, pp. 73, 79.
Turacus purpureus, J. S,- E. Verr. Sev. et Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 258 ;

Souvier, Cat. Marche S^c. p. 27 (1875).
Musophaga meriani {?iec Supp.), Schl. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 462.
Musophaga purpurea, Schl. l^' Wester?n. Toe>-aJco^s,-p. 17, pi. 10 (1860).

Adult male. Similar to T. jyersa, but differs in having a broad

1. TuuACUs. 439

jet-black band beneath the eye and no white band beneath it.
Total length IG inches, culmcn 1"1, wing 7'3, tail 8, tarsus 1-6.

In a specimen from the Gambia there is a narrow white lino
beneath the 1>lack band on the side of the head. The specific value
of this form is further rendered more doubtful from its range being
the same as that of T. persa.

Hah. West Africa, from the Congo to Senegal.

a. (S ad. sk. Senegal. Riocom- Coll.

Ii. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sliarpe Coll,

4. Turacus schalowi *.

CoiTthaix livingstonii {nee Gray), Monteiro, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 92 ;
B<ic(ifje, Jiini. Lish. 1867, pp. 142, 3:lo, 1870, p. 347 ; Finsch ^
Har'tl. Vof/. Ostafr. ^. 477, pi. .^ (1870, pt.); S/iarpe, Cat. Afr.
B. p. 11 (1871) ; Bocai/e. Oni. Angola, p. 132 (1877) ; Sharpe, ed.
Layard's B. S. Afr. p." 143 (1875-85, pt.) ; Schalmv, J.f. O. 1885,
pi. "5. fig. 3, 1886, p. 26, 1887, p. 232 ; Matschie, t. c. pp. 136,
140 ; Soi'za, Jorn. Lish. 1889, pp. 44, 122.

Corj-tbaix schalowi, lieichen. J.f. O. 1891, p. 5.

Adidt female. Head, neck, and chest grass-green, with the ends
of all the feathers of the crest and nape white ; bare skin round the
eye bright red, bordered in front by a white band from the lores
and below by short black feathers, which widen into a patch across
the cheek ; from behind the black patch on the cheeks extends a
white band to beyond the ear-coverts ; back and wings glossy green,
partially washed with blue ; quills crimson and black as in all the
species of the genus ; tail violet, much bluer than the back ; lower
breast, abdomen, thighs, under tail- and wing-coverts dusky slate-
colour, partially washed with glossy green : iris brown ; bill orange ;
legs black. Total length 17 inches, culmen I'D, wing 6-8, tail 7'5,
tarsus 1"5, crest 4.

Hah. Mossamedes and Benguela to the western shores of Lake
Tanganyika.

a. Ad. sk. Benguela. Monteiro Coll.

b. 2 ad. sk. Biballa (Anckieta). Shelley Coll.

(Type of species.)

c. 2 ad. sk. Biballa (Atichiefa). Sharpe Coll.

5. Turacus livingstoni.

Opaetiis africanus (wee Lath.), Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamh. fasc.

iii. p. 34 (1850, pt).
Turacus livingstoni), Graij,P.Z.S. 1864, p. 44; id. Hand-l. B. ii.

p. 125, no. 7851 (1870) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 309.
Cdr^ihaix livingstonii. Kirk, Ibis, 1804, p. 328 ; Finsch ^- Hartl.

t'oy. (htdfr. p. 477 (1870, pt.) ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr.

p. 143(1875-85); Fisch. ^- lieichen. J.f. O. 188t), p. 141; Tris-

* Dr. Eeichenow has sent rae an advance sheet of the April Heft of the
' Jounial fiir Ornitliologie,' and I find that he has also discovered that the
Benguela bird is distinct. I have suppressed the name whicli I had given to
it, and havo substituted tliat of Dr. Reifilienow.

440 MTJSOPHAGID^.

train, Ifns, 1880, p. 225; Dubois, Bull. Mus. Hisf. Nat. Belg. iii.
p. ]47 (1884).
Corythaix cabanisi, Eeiclien. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 221 ; Fisch. J.f. O.
1885, p. 123; Reirhen. 8f Schaloiu, J. f. O. 1885, p. 460, pi. 5.
fig. 4; Schalotv, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 29.

Adult. Very similar to T. sclmloivi, but with the tail greener and
the crest shorter. Total length 16 inches, culmen 1*1, Aving 6"9,
tail 8"5, tarsus 1-6, crest 2*4.

Hah. Confined to East Africa, ^Yhere it ranges from the Ugogo to
the Zambesi.

a. Ak, St. Zambesi {Sir J. Kirh). Livingstone Exped.

(Type of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Zambesi {Sir J. Kirk) . Livingstone Exped.

c. Ad. sk. Zambesi. Sir John Kirk [P.],

d. e,f. Ad. sk. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

6. Turacus reichenowi.

Corythaix reichenoAvi, Fischer, Orn. Centralbl. 1880, p. 174 ; Fisch.
J.f. O. 1881, pp. 80, 109, 1885, p. 123, pi. 5. fig. 5; Schalow,
J.f. 0. 1886, p. 30.

Adult. Similar to T. Hvingstoni, but distinguished from it and
from T. sclmhu'i by having the crest-feathers more evenly graduated
as in T. corytludw, and the back and wings bluer than the tail.
Total length 17'7 inches, culmen 1, wing 7"1, tail 7*8.

Hah. Nguru Mountains, East Africa.

This species I have not seen, and I greatly doubt its distinctness
from the true T. Hvinrjstoni.

7. Turacus corythaix.

Le Toiiracoii de Guin^e, Btif. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 385 (1783).

Le Touracou du Cap de Bonne Espdrance, Buff", t. c. p. 387.

Le Touracou Loiu-i, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Provierops, p. 29, pi. 16

(1806).
Opaethus persa {nee Linn.), Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 304 (1819) ;

id. Enc. Meth. p. 1297 (1823) ; id. Gal. Ois. p. 46, pi. 49 (1825) ;

less. Traite, p. 123 (1831).
Musophaga persa, Licht. Verz. Boubl. p. 7 (1823).
Spelectos corythaix, Wa(jl. Syst. Ai\, Spelectos, sp. 1 (1827).
Corytbaix musophaga, Dubois, Gal. Ois. p. 2, pi. 2 (1839) ; Finscli

8,- Hartl. Voff. Ostafr. p. 475 (1870) ; Sharjje, Cat. Afr. B. p. 11

(1871) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1873, p. 255 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 81

Barratt, Ibis, 1876, pp. 193, 199 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 432 ; Sharps, ed.

Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 141 (1875-85).
Cucukis persa, Forst. Descr. Anitn. p. 42 (1844).
Turacus albocristatus, Striekl. Ami. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 33 (1841)

Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 87 (1850).
Opaetus africanus {iiec Lath.), Bianconi. SjJec. Zool. Mosamb. fasc

iii. p. 34 (1850, pt.).
Turacus coiythaix, Biipp. Archiv Naturg. xvii. p. 320 (1851) ; Hartl.

op. cit. xviii. p. 19 (1852) : Jard. Co7itr. Oni. 1862, pp. 72, 78.

441

Tui'acus persa {iiec Linn.), Layurd, B. S. Afr. p. 223 (18C7) ; id.

Ibis, 1869, p. 372 ; Hulub S,- Pelz. Orn. Sildafr. p. 138 (1882).
Turacus musophagus, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125, uo. 7850 (1870).

Adult male. Similar to T. livinfjstoni, but differs in having the
crest shorter and evenly rounded, the metallic feathers of the back
and wings washed with blue at their edges and bluer than the tail :
bill orange-brown ; iris brown ; legs black. Total length 17 inches,
culmen 1-1, wing 6-8, tail 8, tarsus 1-7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 17
inches, culmen M, wing 7, tail 8, tarsus 1-G.

Hah. Confined to Houth Africa, where it ranges from the Zaml)esi
into Xatal and the Cape Colony, being plentiful at the Knysna.

a, b, c. Ad. sk. South Africa. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Cape. India Museum.

e. c? ad. sk. Knysna, March (C.J. ^wrfe;%?.sow). Sharpe Coll.
f,y. Ad.sk. King\villiamstowu(rrci'e/ya?0- Shelley Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Eland's Post {T. C. Atmore). Sharpe Coll.

i, k. Ad. sk. Natal. Tweeddale Coll.

/, m. Ad. sk. Durban, April (Gordye). Shelley Coll.

n. Ad. sk. Lydeuberg, Transvaal. F. Barratt, Esq. [P.].

8. Turacus schuetti.

Corythaix schuetti. Cab. Orn. Centralbl. 1879, p. ISO; id. J.f. 0.
1879, p. 445; Bocaqe, Orn. An(/ola,-p. 541 (1881); Sharpe, Journ.
Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 433 (1884) ; Schaloiv, J. f. O. 1885, pi. o.
fig. 2, 1886, p. 34.

Adidt, Differs from the foregoing white-tipped species in having
the tail and metallic portions of the wings uniform violet-shaded
blue, and the back indigo-blue ; crest short and evenly rounded :
iris brown ; bill and legs dusky black. Total length 15 inches,
culmen O'O, wing 6-5, tail 7*7, tarsus 1-4.

Hah. Central Africa, from Angola to the Xiam-Xiam country,
probably occurring throughout the district watered by the Congo
and its tributaries.

a. Ad. sk. Semmio, Niam-Niam Couutrj', F. Bohndorff rC.l.

March.

9. Turacus macrorhynchus.

Corvthaix niacrorhvncha, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 34; Gray, Gen.

B. ii. pi. 95 (]S4o); Ifarfl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 124, 1855, p. 361 ;

id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 157 (185f); Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 193; id.

Cat. Afr. B. p. 11 (1871); Shelley, Ibis, 1872, p. 28C: ScAaluw,

J./, d. 1886, p. 36.
Turacus macrorhynchus. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp.

p. 87 (1850); 'liilpp. Arch./. Xalury. xiii. p. 320 (1851); Hartl.

op. cit. xviii. p. 19 (1852) ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852, pp. 73, 78;

442

MTTSOPHAGIDJ!.

Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125, no. 7849 (1870) ; Boiivier, Cat.
MarcTie ^r. p. 27 (1875).
Musophao-a macrorhyncba, ScM. 6|- Wesferm. Toerako's, p. 15, pi. 7
(1860).^

Adult. Head, neck, anrl fore part of chest grass-green ; feathers
of the crest tipped with black and with a subterminal white bar ;
bare skin round the eye red, with some very small black feathers
which form a patch of black on the cheeks : behind this black
patch a baud of white feathers extending to below the ear-coverts ;
mantle, wings, and upper tail-coverts glossy violet-blue ; quills
crimson and black, as in all the foregoing species ; remainder of
the back blacker and less glossed than the mantle ; tail glossy
greenish violet, greener than the mantle; remainder of the body,
under tail- and wing-coverts dusky black, slightly glossed with
bluish green : bill yellow, partially shaded with orange ; iris
brown ; legs black. Total length 17"5 inches, culmen 1-15,
wing 6-7, tail 7'8, tarsus 1'55.

In one specimen the white subterminal bars of the crest are
partially washed with red, and in another, probably immature,
these white bars are almost absent, and the ends of the feathers
dusky green instead of black.

ffah. West Africa generally from the Gaboon and Fernando Po
to Seuegambia.

a, h. Ad. st. West Africa. Zoological Society.

c. Ad. sk. Cape Palmas. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

d. Ad. sk. Ancobra River, "\^'asa. Captains Burton and

Cameron [P.].

e. f. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Gould Coll.
g^h,i. Ai.sk. Tantee (H. T. UssJier). Sharpe Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Cape Coast Castle. Shelley Coll.

10. Turacus meriani.

Corythaix meriani, Hupp. Arch. f. Natur(). xvii. p. 319 (1851)
Hartl. Oni. W.-Afr. p. 157 (1857) ; Heine, J. f. O. 1860, p. 189
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 605 : Seicketi. J. f. O. 1877, p. 14
Bocaqe, Orn. Angola, p. 541 (1881) ; Schuloiv, J.f. O. 1886, p. 37
Shelieij, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 123.

Turacus persa {nee Linn.), J. ^- U. Verr. Pev. et Mag. Zool. 1851,
p. 257.

Tm-acus meriani, Hartl. Arch. f. Natnrg. xviii. p. 18 (1852); Jarcl.
Contr. Orn. 18.52, pp. 72, "77 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125,
no. 7850 (1870) ; Bouvier, Cat. Marche Sj-c. p. 27 (1875).

Musophaga verreauxi, Sehl. J.f. O. 1854, p. 462.

Corythaix persa, Cass. Proc. Ac. Philad. viii. p. 319 (1857).

Musophaga meriani, Schl. ^- Westerm. Toerako^s, p. 16, pi. 18 (1860).

Adult male. Similar in plumage to T. macrorhyncJius, but differs
in having the crest-feathers tipped with crimson, and in wanting
tlie subterminal white bar. Total length 14'5 inches, culmen I'l,
wing 6-5, tail 7"5, tarsus VQ.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the ends of the

1. TiJEAcrs. 443

crest-feathers duskj' green, with only the faintest tinge of red on
one of the featliers. It also differs in this stage from the young of
T. macrorhijnclms in having the bill darker and less yellow.

Hub. West Africa south of the equator, ranging from the
Congo to the Cameroons on the north and to Stanley Pool in the
interior.

«. Ad. sk. West Africa. J. Murray, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased.

c, d. Ad. sk. River Niger. T. Tliompson, Esq. [P.].

e. Ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains, Dec. Sharpe Coll.

{Crossley).

f. (S ad. sk. Cameroons (oOOO feet, H. British Association [P.].

H. Johnston).
(J, h. Ad. sk. Gaboou ( Walker). Shelley Coll.

i. (S ad. sk. Conde, River Congo. Sbellev Coll.

1 1 . Turacus fischeri.

Corvtbaix lischeri, Reichen. Orn. Centralbl. 1878, p. 88; id. J.f. O.
1878, p. 2oi\ pi. 4. fig. 1 ; Fischer, t. c. pp. :290, 354, 1870,
pp. 288, 291, 30;] ; id. Sf Reichen. t. c. p. 340 ; Fischer, J. f. 0. 1880,
p. 189, 18-5, p. 123 ; Schcdoxv, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 46; Skellei/, Ibis,
1888, p. 297.

Tui-acus liscberi, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 590.

Achdt male. Head, neck, and fore part of chest gi-ass-green,
gradually passing into blood-red on the terminal half of the
feathers of the crest and back of the neck, this red colour deepen-
ing almost into black on the longer feathers of the crest ; feathers
of the hind crest and nape tipped with silky white ; a bare patch
round the eye red, margined in front by a broad white band which
extends to the bill, and below by small black feathers which form
a patch on the cheek ; behind this black cheek-patch a broad white
band extends to below the ear-coverts ; metallic portion of the
wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail nearly uniform green, slightly
shaded with blue, and with a pearly lustre on the mantle ; lower
portion of the chest, abdomen, thighs, tinder tail- and wing-coverts
dusky black, partially glossed with green : bill orange, inclining to
olive near the nostrils ; iris brown ; legs black. Total length lo'o
inches, culmen I'l, wing 6-3, tail 7*3, tarsus l*o.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length IG
inches, culmen 1"1, wing 6-4, tail 7'S, tarsus l-.jo.

Hab. Confined to East Africa south of the Equator, between
Kilimanjaro and Zanzibar,

rt. 2 "■"1- sk. Miiuiuni, Sc'pt. Dr. Fischer [C.].

l>, c. (S 2 fid. sk. Kipingoni Creek, Januirv. F. J. Jackson,

Esq. [P.l
d. Ad. sk. Lamu (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

., f. Ad. sk. Malindi (Sir J. Kirk). Shellev Coll.

444 MTJSOPHAGlDiE.

12, Turacus erythrolophus.

Opaethus erythrolophus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv. p. 306 (1819) ;

id. Enc. Meth. p. 1298 (1823); id. Gal. Ois. p. 46, pi. 49 (1825).
Musophaga paiilina, Temm. PI. Col. i. p. 75, pi. 23 (1820).
Corythaix paulina, Shcnv, Gen. Zool xiv. p. 222, pi. 26 (1826) ;

Less. Traite, p. 124 (1831) ; Hartl J. f. O. 1854, p. 256 ; Mon-

teiro, Ibis, 1862, p. 338.
Spelectns erythrolophus, Wagl. Syst. Av., Spelectos, sp. 3 (1827).
Corythaix i^-iiiceps, Less. Man. Orn. ii. p. 155 (1828).
Turacus erythrolophus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 87 (1850) ; Riipp. Arch. f. Naturg. xvii. p. 321 (1851) ;

Hartl. op. cit. xviii. p. 20 (1852); Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852,

pp. 74, 79 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125, no. 7855 (1870) ; Bonvier,

Cat. Marche S^c. p. 27 (1875).
Corythaix ervthrolopha, Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 125 ; id. Orn. W.-

Afr. p. 168 (1857); S/iarpe,^Cat. Afr. B. p. 11 (1871); id.

T.Z.S. 1871, p. 134; id. ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 144 (1875-

85) ; Boeage, J. f. O. 1870, p. 316 ; id. Orn. Angola, p. 131

(1877) ; Schalow, 'j.f. O. 1886, p. 44.
Musophaga erythrolopha, Schl. Sf Westerm. Toeraho's, p. 14, pi. 6

(1860).

Adult. Sides of the head and chin white, passing into grass-
green on the throat, neck, and fore part of the chest ; upper part
of the head and the nape blood-red, slightly darkest on the ends of
the feathers of the nape ; the longer crest-feather.s tipped "with
white ; mantle and metallic portion of the wings golden green ;
back dusky blue, partially glossed with golden green ; upper tail-
coverts and tail purplish blue, the feathers partially edged with
green ; remainder of the body, under tail- and wing-coverts dusky
slate-colour slightly glossed with green ; a small bare patch round
the eye, probably red in life : bill yellow, with an olive shade near
the nostrils ; iris brown ; legs black. Total length 15-3 inches,
culmen 1-1, wing 7"1, tail 8-2, tarsus 1"55.

Hah. Confined to West Africa, where it ranges from Sierra Leone
to Angola.

a. Ad. sk. Africa. J. Miers, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk. Angola {A. de Fonseca). Sharpe Coll.

c. Ad. sk. Benguela. Shelley Coll.

d, e. Ad. sk. Loanda ( Toulson). Shelley Coll.

13. Turacus leucolophus.

Turacus leucolophus, Heugl. Syst. Uehers. p. 45 (1856) ; id. J. f. 0.

1864, p. 268; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 125, no. 7854 (1870);

Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. cliii (1872).
Corythaix leucolophus, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 159, note (1857) ;

Hevgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 703, pi. 24 (1871) ; HaHl. Abhandl.

nat. Ver. Brem. viii". p. 210 (1882) ; Sharpe, Joiirn. Linn. Soc,

Zool. x\u. p. 433 (1884) ; Schaloir, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 20; Shelley,

P. Z. S. 1888, p. 44.
Musophaga leucolopha, Schl. <§• Westerm. ToeraJ(o\i, p. 12, pi. 4

(1860).'

i

1 . TUHACU8. 445

Adult male. Uppci' halt' of the head glossy violet ; crest, hinder
crowu, cheeks, ear-coverts, and upper half of the neck silky white ;
Ijarc skin round the ej'e pale crimson, with some tiny black feathers
l)cneath the eye ; remainder of the neck and fore part of chest
grass-green, which colour extends up the throat and fades away
towards the upper part ; mantle, glossy portion of the wings, buck,
upper tail-coverts, and tail deep violet-blue : remainder of the body
slate-colour, partially glossed with blue on the Hanks and under
tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts similar, but also partially washed
with grass-green : iris brown ; bill yellow, partially shaded with
olive towards the nostrils ; legs black. Total length 10 inches,
culmen 1*15, wing G'o, tail 7'1, tarsus 1-45.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
15"7 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 6*3, tail 7, tarsus l-o.

Hah. Central Africa west of the Upper N\'hite Xile, from the
Bar-el-Gazal to the Albert jS'yanza ; abundant in the Xiam-jS'iam
Country,

a. Ad. sk. Semmio, Niam-Niam Country, F. Bohndorff [C.J.

March.

b, c. cS $ ad. sk. Kamari, Equatorial Africa, Dec. Shelley Coll.

{Emin Pasha).

d. cJ ad. sk. Faradjak, Sept. {Emin Pasha). Shelley Coll

e. $ ad. sk. Kabajendi, August. Emin Pasha [P.].

14. Turacus hartlaubi.

Corythaix hartlaubi, Fisch. 8f Reichen. J. f. O. 1884, p. 52 ; Fkch.

Zeitschi: (/es. Orn. 1884, p. 363 ; id. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 123, pi. 5.

fig. 1; Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, p. 39; Reichen. J. f. O. 1887,

p. 57.
Tiu:acu3 hartlaubi, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 224, 1889, p. 358.

Adult male. Upper half of the head and entire crest steel-blue,
with a large patch of silky white in front of the eye ; bare skin round
the eye scarlet, margined below by a steel-blue band which widens
over the cheeks and extends across the gape ; below this a silky
white band extending from the gape to beyond the ear- coverts ; chin,
neck, and chest grass-green ; glossy portions of the wings, the back,
upper tail-coverts, and tail glossy violet-blue; the mantle and
wing-coverts much washed with the same green as the neck ;
remainder of the body dusky slate-colour, partially glossed with
violet-blue ; under wing-coverts similar, but partially washed witli
grass-green : bill olive, shading into orange-red towards the ends
of both mandibles ; iris brown; legs black. Total length 16 inches,
culmen !•!, wing (i-;5, tail 7*7, tarsus I'Oo.

Adult fcmah. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 16
inches, culmen I'l, wing 6-7, tail 8, tarsus 1*6.5.

Jl(d>. East Africa south of the Eijuator, the highlands of ilasai-
land and Kilimanjaro.

446 MUSOPHAGID^.

a. Ad. sk. Masai-land. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq.

[P.].
b,c. c? 5 ^^- sk. Kilimanjaro, Ang. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq.

d, e. c? ? ad. sk. Kilimanjaro (10,000 ft. ; British Association [P.].
H. H. Johnston).

2. GALLIREX.

Type.

Gallirex, Less. Eciio du Monde Sav. col. 100

(1844) . . G. porphyreolophvis.

Range. N.E. Africa and East Africa, extending south to Natal
and to the Knysna district of the Cape Colony.

Key to the Sjjecies.

(t. With a strong shade of pink in front of the

mantle and chest por2)hi/reolopJrus, p. 446.

b. With no shade of pink on the plumage .... chlorochlamys, p. 447.

1. Gallirex porphyreolophus.

Musophaga porphyreolophus, Vi(j. P. Z. S. 1831 , p. 93 (June) ; Schl.

(§• Westerm. Toerako's, p. 12, pi. 3 (1860) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bets,

Cuculi, p. 75 (1864).
Corythaix burchellii, Sinith, S. Afi\ Quart. Journ. 1831, p. 13

(October).
Gallirex anais, Less. Echo du Mo7ide Sav. 1844, p. 110.
Corythaix porphyreolophus, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. pi. 35 (1839) ;

Jard. S; Selby, III. Orn. pi. 46 (c. 1839) ; Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Ilein.

iii. p. 99 (i860); Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 32; Mrk, Ibis, 18(i4,

p. 329 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 227 (1867) ; Finsch, J. f. O. 1867,

p. 248; Sharpie, Cat. Afr. B. p. 11 (1871); id. ed. Layard's B. S.

Afr. p. 142 (1875) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 82; Souza, Jorn. Lisb.

1886, p. 78.
Gallirex porphyreolophus, Less. Descr, Mamm. 4' Ois. p. 352 (1847) ;

Schalow, J.f. O. 1886, p. 50.
Turacus porphyreolophus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 87 (1850) ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 74 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

ii. p. 125, no. 7858 (1870).

Adult male. Forehead, sides of the head, chin, lores, and back of
i;pper neck metallic green, passing into glossy violet-blue on the
crest and nape ; eyelids scarlet ; neck and front of chest grass-green,
with a strong pink shade towards the mantle and chest ; mantle and
■wing-coverts ashy blue, shading into green towards the neck and
on the least wing-coverts ; remainder of the glossj- part of the wings,
upper tail-coverts, and tail greenish blue ; back duller and more
dusky ; primaries as in species of Turacus, crimson, with the outer
one and the borders of the others blaclv ; remainder of the body and
under wing-coverts dusky ash-colour, darker and partially washed
with glossy green on the under tail-coverts : iris dark brawn ; bill

'.]. MFSOPIIAGA.

447

and legs black. Total length 17"3 inches, cnlmon 1-15, wing T'l,
tail 8, tarsus 1*65.

Hab. Confined to South Africa, ranging from the Zambesi through
Natal to the Knysna in Cape Colony.

a, b. Ad. St.

c. Ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.
e-Ic. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. St.
m. Ad. sk.

Natal.

Natal.

Natal.

Durban, April (G.E.S.).

Zambesi {Sir J. Kirk).

Zambesi {Dr. Meller).

Purchased.
Sir A. Smith.
Sharpo Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Livingstone Expeditiou.
Shelley Coll.

2. Gallirex chlorocUamys.

Corythaix porphyreolophus {nee Vig.), Rdpp. Neue Wirb., VHy. p. 7
(1835-40); Finsch ^- Ilartl. Viirj. Odafr. p. 473 (1870); Bohm,
J.f. 0. 1882, p. 208; Dubois, Bull. Mm. licUj. iii. p. 147 (1884).

Tm'acus porphyreolophus, Riipp. Arch. f. Nafuri/. xvii. p. 321 (IBol);
id. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 74 ; Grmj, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 45.

Gallirex chlorochlamys, Slielley, Ibis, 1881, p. 118 ; id. P. Z. S. 1881,
p. 590, 1885, p. 358 ; Biihn,J.f. O. 1885, p. 42; Fischer, t. c.
p. 123; Schalo20,J.f. O. 1886, p. 52; Reichen.J.f. O. 1887, p. 57.

Adult. Similar to G. porpliyreoloplms, but differs in having the
grass-green portions of the plumage uniform, with no trace of a pink
shade. Total length 16-3 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 7'3, tail 8,
tarsus 1-5.

Hah. The whole of Eastern Africa, replacing G. porphyreolophus
north of the Zambesi, and extending to Abyssinia.

a. Ad. sk. Zambesi, June.

b. Ad. sk. Zambesi.

c. Ad. sk. Shupanga, Shire River.

d. c? ad. sk. Mozambique, April 30 (//. //.

Johnston).

e. Ad. sk. Kovuma River (/. Thomson).

f. g. Ad. sk. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk).

h, i. Imm. sk. Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk),

k. cJ ad. sk. Duruma, Aug.

Gould Coll.

Livingstone ICxpcditiou.
Livingstone Expeditiou.
P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.].

Shelley Coll.
ShelleV Coll.

(Tvpes of species.)
Shelley Coll.
H. C. V. Hunter, Esq.
[P.].

3. MUSOPHAGA.

Type.

Musophaga, Isert, Joum. Phys. Pari<, xxxiv. p. 458 (1789). M. violacea.
Phimus, Wayler, Syst. Ar., Phinnia, p. 114 (1827) M. violacea.

lianye. West and Central Africa from Angola to Senegambia and
inland to Lake Tanganyika and the Niam-Niam Country.

Key to the Species.

a. With no eloniratcd crest-feathers ; with a white baud

(in the side of the head violacea, p. 448.

//. With an elongated crest ; with no white on side of

head rossce, p. 448.

448

JJTTSOPHAGID^.

1. Musophaga violacea.

Musophaga violacea, Isert, iSchn'ft. Ges. natuvf. Freunde Berlin, iii.
p. 18, pi. 1 (1789) ; Sioains. B. W. Afr. i. p. 218, pi. 19 (1837) ;
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 394, pi. 97. fig 3 (1845) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 159
(1850) ; Hartl J. f. O. 1854, p. 126 ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 159
(1857) ; Sclil. <S,-Westerm. Toerako's, p. 10, pi. 1 (1866); <S'c7i/. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 74 (1864) ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 124,
no. 7847 (1870) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 52 ; Eeichen. J. f. 0. 1875,
pp. 2, 48 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 558 ; Schaloxv, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 13.

Cuculus regius, Shaiv, Mus. Leverianum, p. 165, pi. 40 (1792).

Le Touraco violet ou Masqu(5, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Prom. p. 34, pi. 18
(1806).

Pliimus violaceus, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 1 (1827).

Adult. General plumage glossy violet-blue, duller and blacker on
the lower back, abdomen, thighs, under tail- and wing-coverts ;
feathers of the crown and nape crimson, short and rather hair-like
in texture ; bare patch round the eye extending to the bill scarlet ;
beneath the hinder half of this bare patch a white band extends
back to the end of the ear-coverts ; quills crimson, with the outer
feather and the borders and shafts of the others black : lower throat
and front of chest washed with glossy green : bill orange-red, fading
into yellow ou the frontal half of the upper mandible ; iris brown ;
legs black. Total length 17'5 inches, culmeu 1'9, wing 8, tail 8'7,
tarsus 1-G.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the feathei's of the
head purplish black, with a few red feathers on the crown and a
few white ones near the ear-coverts.

Hab. Confined to West Africa, where it ranges from the Cameroons
to Senegambia.

a, b. Ad. at iuv. st. West Africa. Dr. Gray [P.].

c, d. Ad.etjuv.sk. West Africa.

e. Ad. sk. Senegal. Shelley Coll.

/. Imm. st. Senegal. Purchased.

g. Ad. st. Gambia. Rev. Morgan.

A. Ad. sk. River Gambia (&>-<4.ilfo/owey). Shelley Coll.

i. $ ad. sk. Bissao. Sharpe Coll.

2. Musophaga rossse.

Musophaga rossse, Gould, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 93 ; id. in Jard. C'ontr. Orn.
1851, p. 137, pi. 81 ; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 24; Hartl. J.f. O. 1854,
p. 126 ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 160 (1857) ; Sehl. (§• Westerm. Toera-
ko's, p. 11, pi. 2 (1860); Gould, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 1; Sharpe, t. c.
p. 134 ; Bouvier, Cat. Marche ^-c. p. 27 (1876) ; Bocage, Orn.
Angola, p. 133 (1877) : Sharpe, Journ. Linn. iSoc, Zool. xvii.
p. 433 (1884); Schaloic,' J. f. O. 1886, p. 14; Souza, Jorn. Lisb.
1886, p.'3 ; Reichen. J.f. O'. 1887, p. 57; Matschie, t. c. pp. 136,
149 ; Schaloto, t. c. p. 351 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 43.

Musophaga bobmii, Schaloic, Zeitschr. f/es. Orn. 1884, p. 103. ])1. 6 ;
id. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 108.

4. coRYTn.i;oL\. 449

A'luU. Similar to M. violarea, but ditfers in having a well-marked
crest, no white band on the side of the head, a violet-blue margin
between the bare eye-ijatch and the crest, and scarcely a trace of
green on tbe lower throat. Total length 19 inches, culmen 1*8,
wing S'/), tail 9-5, tarsns 1'85.

Jfab. Angola to Lake Tanganyika and north to Semmio in the
Niam-Niara Country.

a. Ad. sk. Semniio, Niaai-Niain Country, F. Bohndorff [C.].

Feb.
/;. 2 ^^- *''• Tiiu'asi, Equatorial Africa, Aug. Eniin Pasha [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Angola. Gould Coll.

(Type of the species).
(I Ad. sk. Angola (//(/»J)7^o«). Gould Coll.

4. C0IlYTH.a;9LA. ^

Type.

Corythoeola, Heine, J.f. 0. 1860, p. 100 C. cristata.

Range. West and Central Africa, from Angola and the Island of
Fernando Po to Senegambia, and from the northern watershed of
the Congo to Monbuttu and Niam-Xiam.

1. Corythaeola cristata.

Le Touraco Geant, Zem;//. Hist. Nat. Prom. etc. p. 36, pi. 10 (1800).

Musophaga cristata, Vieill. Analyse, p. CiS (1S16).

Musophaga gigantea, Vieill. Enc. Mith. p. l:.^0o (1823); Hartl.

J. f. O. 1855, p. 301 ; Sold. ^ Wtsterm. Tuerakos, p. 20, pi. 12

(I860) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 385, 1870, p. 473 ; id. Cat. Afi: B.

p. 10(1871).
Blue Curassow, Lnth. Gen. Hist. B. viii. p. 156 (1823).
Corythai.x; gigas, Stej^h. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 222 (1826).
Chizserhis gigantea, Wagl. Sijst. Av. sp. 1 (1827).
Crax cyaneus, J. E. Gray in Griff. An. Kinyd. iii. p. 117 (1820).
Gallirex giganteus, Less. Echo du Monde Sac. 1844, p. 110.
Turacus giganteus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 87

(1850); Riipp. Arch.f. Naturq. xviii. p. 322 (1851); Jard. Contr.

Orn. 1852, pp. 74, 78; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 125; id. Orn. U'.-Afr.

p. 159 (LS57) ; Heine, J.f. O. i860, p. 190; Bocay, Orn. Angola,

p. 133(1877) ; Sharpe,Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoul. xvii. p. 438 (1884).
Pliimus giganteus, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1849, p. 161,

pi. 17.
Turacns cristatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 88 (1850) ; Gray, Harnl-l. B. n.

p. 126, no. 7859 (1870) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 51 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 134.
Corythreola cristata, Heirw, J. f. 0. 1860, p. 190; Schahtc, J.f. O.

1886, p. 55 ; S/ielley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 44.
Turacus gigas, lieichen. J.f. O. 1875, pp. 1, 48.
Schizorhis cristatus, Bouvier, Cat. Marehe i)-c. p. 27 (1875).

Adult male. General plumage above vcrditer-blue, passing into
black on the crest and nape ; two centre tail-fcathcra and ends of
all the others blue like the back, all with a broad black subtermiaal
bar, the remainder dull yellow with blue bases ; bare patch round

VOL. XII. 5i G

450

MtJSOPHAGID^.

the eye grey ; cheeks and chin white, shading into verditer-blue on
the remainder of the neck ; chest pale green ; abdomen, thighs, and
under tail-coverts rufous-brown ; under surface of tail marked with
yellow like the upper surface, the remainder black ; under surface
of wings black, with a large portion of the smaller coverts verditer-
blue : " bill yellow, with a large terminal portion scarlet ; iris red ;
legs dusky black " {Emin Pasha). Total length 28 inches, culmen
1*7, wing 12-3, tail 14-5, tarsus 2-1.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 29
inches, culmen 1*8, wing 12-6, tail 14-7, tarsus 2-25.

Hab. The same as that of the genus.

a. Ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased.

h. Ad. St. Fernando Po. T. Thomson, Esq. [P.].

c, d. Ad. sk. Denkei-a {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.

e. Ad. sk. Fantee (Auhhin). Sharpe Coll.

/. Ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains Shai'pe Coll.

{Crossley).

g. Ad. sk. Gaboon. H. T. Ansell, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk, Semmio, Niam-Niam F. Bohndorff [C.].

Country, Feb.

i-n. Ad.sk. Tingasi, Equatorial Africa, Emin Pasha [P.].

July, Sept.

o,p. Ad. sk. Angola. Sharpe Coll.

q. Skeleton. Eyton Coll.

5. SCHIZORHIS.

Type.

Chizterhis, Wagl. Syst. Av. p. Ill (1827) S. africana.

Schizorhis, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. G56 S. africaua.

Corvthaixoides, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Jotirn. i. p. 48

(1833) S. concolor.

Colopliimus, Sfnitk, Sep. Exp. Centr. Afr. p. 54 (1836). . S. concolor.
Ichthierax, Kaup, Class. Sciug. u. JUg. p. Ill (1844) .... S. africana.

Eange, The whole of the Ethiopian Region.

Key to the Species.

a. Bill yellow ; crest-feathers lanceolate.

a . With no white on the tail africana, p. 450.

h' . With a white bar on the tail . zmiura, p. 451.

6. Bill black or olive ; crest-feathers not lanceolate.

c'. Breast and a bar on the tail white leucogaster, p. 452.

d'. Entire plumage ashy gi-ey concolor, p. 453.

1. Schizorhis africana.

Phasianus africanus. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 631 (1790).

Le Touraco Musophaga, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Prom. etc. p. 37, pi. 20

(1806).
Musophaga senegaleusis, Lichf. T'erz. Doubl. p. 7 (1823).
Musophaga variegata, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1296 (1823); id. Gal.

Ois. p. 44, pi. 48 (1825).

5. scHizoimis. 451

Chizaerliis variegatus, Wa<fl. Syst. Ac. sp. 2 (18:27) ; >^w(h?is. B. W.

Afr. p. 223, pi. 20 (1837).
Corythaix variegatus, Less. Traits, p. 124 (1831).
Schizorhis africaims, Grrn/, Gen. B. ii. p. ."{O."), pi. 97. fig. 2 (184o) ;

Bp. Consp. i. p. S8 (18;j0) ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1854, p. 120; id. Oni.

W.-Afr. p. 100 (1857) ; tiharpe, Iln\ 1870, p. 485 ; id. Cat. Afr.

Z?. p.ll (1871); Shelleii, Ibis, 1872, p. 280 ; Us.iher, Ibis, 18'74,

p. 62 ; Bouvier, Cat. Marche 1^-c. p. 27 (1875) ; fShelley, Ibis, 1883,

p 558 ; Schalotc, J.f. O. 1880, p. 07.
Musophaga africana, Venion Jlarcourt, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 145 ; ScM.

^ Westerm. Toerako's, p. 23, pi. 10 (1800) ; Sc/d. Mm. Pays-Bas,

Ciiculi, p. 79 (1804).
Turaciis africauus, Gray, Haiid-l. B. ii. p. 120, uo. 7800 (1870).

Adult male. Head dark brown, freckled with white on the fore
part of the crown and the sides of the head ; the lanceolate crest-
feathers narrowly edged with white ; back of neck, mantle, and
wing-coverts ashy grey, most of the feathers with dark brown shaft-
stripes widening into subterminal spots ; bastard-wing, outer greater
coverts, and quills black, the primaries with the greater portion of
the inner webs towards the base white ; back and upper tail-coverts
browner ashy than the mantle, with narrow dark brown shaft-
stripes to each feather ; tail black, fading into ashy brown on the
greater part of the centre pair and towards the base of a few of the
next feathers ; chin and throat dark brown, with white edges to
the feathers of the lower part; chest, abdomen, thighs, under tail-
and wing-coverts white, with narrow dark brown shaft-stripes :
bill yellow ; iris and legs dark brown. Total length IT'S inches,
culinen 1-2, wing 8"5, tarsus 1"55.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
17"7 inches, culmen 1-2, wing SS, tail 9*2, tarsus I'O.

Hah. AVest Africa, from the Niger to Senegambia and inland to
Stanley Pool on the Congo.

a, b. Ad. St. West Africa. Captain Strachau

c. Ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Senegal. Riocour Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. River Gambia (Sir A. Moloney). Shellej' Coll.
ff. Ad. sk. Rathurst. Shellev Coll.
/(, i. 6 2 ad. sk. Accra, Feb. {G. E. S.\. Shellev Coll.
k. Ad. sk. River \'olta (if. T. Ussher). Sliarpe Coll.
/. Ad. sk. River Niger {Baikie). Sliarpe Coll.
m. 5 ad. sk. Shouga, River Niger (^. W. F.). Forbes Coll.

2. Schizorhis zonura.

Schizajrhis zonura, Riipp. Xeiic Wirb., Viiy. p. 9, pi. 4 (1835-40) ;

Blanf. Geo!. >.y Zoul. Abyss, p. 31f. (1S70).
Coliphimus concolor (tiec Sinit/i), Harris, Iliyhl. Avthiop. ii. App.

p. 41 (pt., 1844).
Chizserliis zoimra, lii'tpp. Syst. Uebers. p. 80 (1845).
Schizorhis zonurius, Grai/, Gen. Ii. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Ilartmann,

J.f. O. 1804, pp. 150, 231.

452 MUSOPHAGIDJ;.

Schizorhis zonura, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 101 (1860);

Blanf. Geol. ^ Zool. Ahjss. p. 316 (1870) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii.

p. 277 (1870); Sharpe, Cat. Afr.B.-^. 11 (1871); Heugl. Orn.

N.O.-Afr. i. p. 706, iv. p. cliii (1871-72) ; Antin. c^- Sahad. Viagg.

Bogos, p. 52 (1873); Heugl. J.f. O. 1875, p. 55 ; Hartl. Ahhandl.

nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 114 (1881) ; Sharpe, Juarn. Linn. Soc,

Zool. xvii. p. 433 (1884); Schaloio, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 69; Beichen.

J.f. O. 1887, p. 56.
Musophaga zonura, iS'cId. ^ Westerm. Toerakd's, p. 24, pi. 17 (1860) ;

Schl. Mus. Pags-Bas, Cuciili, p. 79 (1864).
Turacus zonura, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 126, no. 7861 (1870).

Adult male. Similar in plumage to S. africcma, but differs in
having no white freckling on the crown ; the elongated crest-
feathers extending further back and covering the back and sides of
the nape, and more broadly tipped and partially edged with white,
the feathers of the mantle and wing-coverts with rather broad dusky
terminal edges and only a mere trace of a shaft-stripe ; the white
on the wing less extended, consisting of a patch about halfway
down the inner web of each primary; back and upper tail-co^■ert8
with scarcely visible dark shafts ; centre tail-feathers as in S. afri-
cana, the remainder crossed by a broad white band about 2'5 inches
from the end of the feathers ; chest, abdomen, thighs, and under
tail-coverts less striped and partially mottled with dusky ; under
wing-coverts dusky black, partially edged with white. Total length
.19 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 9*5, tail 10-7, tarsus 1-7.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
20'5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 10, tail 10-7, tarsus 1-7.

Hal). North-east Africa, from Bogos-Land through Abyssinia and
the White Nile districts to Niam-Niam.

«. c? ad. sk. Bejook, Bogos-Land, July Salvin-Godman Coll
( W. Jesse).

Maragaz, July (TF. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
Waliko, Anseba Yallev, Julv. W. T. Blanford, Esq-

• ' [0.].

Waliko, July ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale CoU.

Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell.

Abyssinia. Purcbat^ed.

Misheh, S. of Antalo, May. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

LC.].

Senafe, Mav ( W. Jesse). Shellev Coll.

Kutschugaii, Sept. F. Bobnd(irft"[C.]. '

P^adibec, Equatorial Africa, Shelley Coll.
Feb. [Emin Pasha).

3. Schizorhis leucogaster.

Chizserhis leucogaster, Jiiipp. P. Z. S. 1842, p. 9 ; id. Trans. Z. S.
iii. p. 232, pi. 17 (1842) ; id. Sgst. Uebers. p. 80 (1845).

Coliphimus fasciatus, Harris, Highl. Aethiop. ii. p. 413 (1844).

Schizorhis leucogaster, Gray, G'e?;. /i'. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bjt. Consj),
i. p. 88 (1850); Speke, Ibis, 1860, p. 245; Cnf>. in v. d. Decken's
Rcisen, iii. p. 38 (1869); Finsch S^- Hartl. Tor/. Ostafr. p. 477
(1870); Heuqi Orn. X.O.-Afr. i. p. 707. iv. p. cliii (1871-72);

c.

2 ad. sk.
cj ad. sk.

d.
e.
/•

2 ad. sk.
Ad. St.
Ad. sk.

2 ad. sk.

h.
i.
k.

2 ad. sk.
Ad. sk.
2 ad. sk.

5. 8CH1ZOEHI8. 453

Cab. J.f. O. 1878, pp. 214, 237; Iteic/mi. J.f. O. 1879, p. 340;

Hart I. Ahhandl. naf. Ver. Jiicm. viii. p. 210 (]S82); liohm,

J. f. O. 1882, p. 208 ; Salvad. Ann. Mug. Genov. (2) i. p. DO (18^4) ;

Fixcli. Zvltschr. i/vs. Orn. 1884, p. ;3G4 ; id. J.f. (). 1885, p. 122;

Shellei/, Ibis, lSf<r,, p. 400 : Sdinhnc, J.f. O. 1880, p. 03 ; lieichen.

J. f. b. 1887, p. 50 ; S/iel/<-i/, Ibis, 1888, p. 2U8 ; Salcad. Ann. Mu^.

civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 210 (1888).
Musophaga leucoffaster, Schl. ^- Westerm. Toerakos, p. 22, pi. 15

(1800) ; Schl. Mils. Paiig-Ilas, Cuculi, p. 78 (1804).
Tuvacus leucogaster, Gnnj, Iland-l. B. ii. j). 12(5, no. 7803 (1870).
Schizorhis leucogaster, var. pallidirustiis, Hildebrandt, J.f. O. 1878,

p. 237.

Adult male. General plumage above ashy grey, deepening into
black on the end half of crest-feathers ; median and greater wing-
coverts with black ends, forming partial bars ; bastard-wing, outer
greater vring-coverts, and the primaries black, wnth Avhite bases to
the latter, forming a speculum on the wing ; secondaries with their
inner webs and terminal portion of the outer ones blackish ; two
centre tail-feathers ashy grey, the others with the end and basal
third black, with a broad intermediate band of white ; sides of head,
chin, and entire neck grey like the mantle ; breast, under tail- and
wing-coverts, and base of quills white ; remainder of the quills
black ; tail beneath blacker than above, with no shade of grey :
" iris brown ; bill and legs olive-black " (Fischer). Total length
17'5 inches, cnlmen 0-95, wing 8"3, tail 11-0, tarsus 1'6.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the adult male, but may
probably be distinguished by the paler colour of the bill, which is
"pale green, with the culmen and tip yellow" (Emin Pasha).
Total length 20 iuchcs, culmen 1-0, wing 8-3, tail 10'7, tarsus 1-55.

Invnatare male. Similar in plumage to the adult, with the same
dark bill as in the adult male, but differs in having the broad pale
ends to the tail-feathers obscurely marked.

J/ab. East Africa between b" N. lat. and S" S. lat. ; from Southern
Abyssinia through Shoa, Somali-land, and the Upper White Xile
District to Ugogo.

a, b. Ad. .st. Shoa (Sir W. Harris). India Museum,

e, d. Ad. sk. Efat, Shoa (Sir W. Harris). India Museum.

e. 5 ad. sk. Tarvangole, Equatorial Africa, Shelley Coll.

April {Emin Pa-f/ia).

f (S ad. sk. Massa, Nov. (Dr. Fischer). Shellev Coll.

</, k. cS 2 ad. ; /. Ndi, Teita, Feb., July. Dr. Hildebrandt [C.].

(S juv. sk.

A-, /. Ad. .-^k. Lanio. F. J. Jackson, Esq.

[P.].

4. Schizorhis concolor.

Opa;thus persa, juv. (nee Linn.), Less. Traiir, p. 123 (1831).
Coiytliai.x coueokr, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. 1833. p. 48.
Corytliaixoides concolor, Smith, t. c. p. 48.
('olv]iliiinus concolor, Sttiilh. Hep. Kip. Centr. Afr. .\pp. 1836,

p! 54.

454 MUSOPHAGID^.

Chizfevhis concolor, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. pi. 2 (1838).

Chizierhis feliciaj, Less. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1839, p. 101.

Schizorhis concolor, Grmj, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 88 (1850) ; Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 101 (1860) ; Kirk,
Ibis, 1864, p. 3:29; Hartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 88; Monfeiro, t. c.
p. 91 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 224 (1867) ; Gurne;/, Ibis, 1868,
p. 268; Ai/res, Ibis, 1869, p. 296 ; Lityard, t. c. p. 372 ; Finsch 8;
Hartl. Vd(/. Ostafr. p. 479 (1870) ; Shmpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 11
(1871); Gurneij in Anderson's B. Damara-Ld. p. 204 (1872);
Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 36(5; Sharpe, ed. Layard' s B. 8. Afr. pp. 144,
809 (1875-85); Bocar/e, Orn. Angola, p. '134(1877) ; Shelley, Ibis,
1882, p. 245; Fischer, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 123; Sousa, Jorn. Lisb.

1886, pp. 2,9; Schalow, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 60; Matschie, J.f. 0.

1887, p. 149; Sousa, Jorn. Lisb. 1889, p. 114.

Musophaga concolor, Schl. i^j- Wesferm. Toeraku's, p. 21, pi. 13 (1860) ;

Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Ciiculi, p. 78 (1864).
Turacus concolor. Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 126, no. 7864 (1870).

Achdt male. Entire plumage nearly uniform ash-colour, slightly
paler on the sides of the head, slightly browner on the crest, and
greyer on the mantle, wings, and tail, where it passes into dusky
brown on the outer wing-coverts, quills, and ends of the tail-
feathers, especially on the outer ones ; lower throat generally but
not always washed with olive-green : " bill and legs black ; iris
dark grey" {T. E. Buckhy). Total length 17 inches, culmen 1,
■wing 8-5, tail 10, tarsus 1-55.

Adult female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
15-6 inches, culmen I'D, wing 8-0, tail lO-Q, tarsus 1-45.

Nab. Confined to the South-African Subregion and Angola ;
plentiful from the Zambesi to Natal, and from Damara-Land to
Angola, but rare in Cape Colony. Its occurrence in Senegambia as
recorded by Dr. llochebrune is undoubtedly an error.

a. Ad. st. South Africa. Purchased.

6, c. Ad. etjuv. South Africa. Sir A. Smith.

sk. (Types of the species.)

d, e. Ad. sk. South Africa. Earl of Derby [P.].

/. Ad. .*k. Natal. Tweeddale Coll.

g. $ ad. sk. Swaziland, Julv (T. E. Buckley). Shelley CoU.

h,i.(S 2 ad. sk. Transvaal {T. Ayres). Sharpe Coll.

k, I. Ad. sk. Transvaal, Dec, July {F. Oute;). W. E. & C. G. Gates,

E..qrs. [P.].

m. Ad. sk. Zambesi. Sir John Kirk [P.]._

n, 0. Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi. Livingstone Expedi-
tion.

p. Ad. sk. Upper Shir4 River, March. Gould Coll.

q, r. Ad.sk. Otjimbiuque, Damara-Land, July, Tweeddale Coll.

Sept. (C. J. Andersson).

s. Ad. sk. Angola. Monteiro Coll.

t. Ad. sk. Iluilla, Angola (Anchieta). Shai-pe Coll.

u, V. d 2 ^d. Capangombe, Aug. (Anchieta). Shelley Coll.

sk.

w, .i: c( $ ad. Galungo, Loanda, Aug., Sept. Sharpe Coll.

sk. {Snln}.

G. GYMNOSCQIZORHIS.

6. GYMNOSCHIZORHIS.

Gymnoschizorliis,.S'c/.a/o;r, J.f. O. 18.'^('), p. 7:2 G. personatn.

Ramje. East Africa from Shoa to Ugogo.

Key to the Species.

a. Bare face brown ; under surface of tail and quills

green personata, p. 455.

b. Bare face black ; under surface of tail and quills

silver-grey leopoldi, p. 45G.

1. Gymnoschizorhis personata.

Chizserbis personata, Siipp. P. Z. S. 1842, p. 8; id. Trans. Z. S. iii.

p. 232, pi. 16 (1842).
Colipbimus concolor (nee Smith), Harris, Highl. Aethiop. ii. p. 412

(pt., 1844).
Scliizorhis personata, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 395 (1845) ; EUpp. Syst.

Uebers. p. 80 (1845) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 88 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. S.

1864, p. 112; Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 708, iv. p. cliv. pi. 25

(1871-72) ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 98.
Musopbaga personata, Schl. ^- Westerm. Toerakos, p. 22, pi. 14 (1800) ;

Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 78 (18G4).
Turacus personata, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 12G, no. 7862 (1870).
Gymnoschizorhis personata, Schalow, J.f. O. 1880, p. 75.

Adult male. Fore part of the face to behind the eyes, chin, and
upper throat dark brown, the skin partially covered with tiny
obsolete shafts of brownish feathers ; forehead and crest pale
brown, with a greenish shade on the latter; feathers behind
the bare face white, passing into ashy white on the back of the
neck ; back, wings, and tail uniform greyish ash-colour ; quilU
slightly browner ; inner webs of all ])ut the centre tail-feathers
shaded with green ; middle and lower throat and front of chest
white, washed with olive down the centre ; middle of the chest,
sides of body, and under tail-coverts ashy grey, with a slight partial
wash of green, and passing into pale pinkish rufous on the middle of
the lower chest, abdomen, and thighs ; under surface of the tail
and the quills strongly washed with pale green ; under wing-
coverts greyish ash-colour : " iris pearl-grey ; bill and legs brownish
black " {Antinori). Total length lb-5 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 8-G,
tail 11-0, tarsus l"7o.

Adtdt female. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length
18-3 inches, ctUmen 1-1, wing 8"7, tail lO'l, tarsus 1-75.

Hah. Shoa.

a, b. Ad. sk. Shoa {Sir W. Harris). India Museum,

c, rf. cf $ ad. sk. Shoa, Sept. (.4/i<///ori). SbelW Coll.

456 MUSOPHAGID^.

2. GymnoschizorLis leopoldi.

Schizorhis personata (nee liiipp.), Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 112.
Schizorhis leopoldi, Shelki/. Ibis, 1881, p. 117, pi. 2 ; id. P. Z. S.

1881, p. 591 ; m/uH, J. f. O. 1883, p. 162; Scludoiv, t. c. p. 345;

Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. in. p. 147 (1884).
Gymnoschizorhis leopoldi, Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, p. 72 ; Reichen.

J.f. 0. 1887, p. 56.

Adult (type of species). Similar to G. jjersonata, but differing in
having the bare skin of the head and throat jet-black ; no trace of
green on the crest, wings, or tail ; under surface of wings and tail
silvery grey ; the green of the throat much darker than in
G. 2^erso)iata, less in extent, and confined to the centre of the crop;
chest uniform pink ; abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts white,
with a very faint pink wash ; under wing-covcrts silvery grey,
washed with pink towards the bend of the wing ; bill and legs
black. Total length 20 inches, culmen 1*1, wing 8-9, tail 11,
tarsus l'6o.

Hab. East Africa, from the Equator to Ugogo.

a, b. Ad. sk. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.

(Types of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Konko, Ugogo, Sept. Purchased.

i

ADDENDA.

P

The following additions to the Collection have been made whilst
the present volume was passing through the press. A few correc-
tions have also been added.

j^^(j . Page 5. Indicator indicator.

u. c? ad. sk. Rustenberg, Nov. 3 (T. ^!/re«). Gurney Coll.

^(j^ . Page 6. Indicator major.

r. c? ad. sk. Rustenberg, July 17 ( T. Gurney Coll.

Ayres).

^^^ . Page 24. Melanobucco torquatus.

t. 2 ad- sk. Rustenberg, July 31 (2". Gurney Coll.

Ayres).

^^^. Page 31. Tricholaema leucomelan.

to. 2 ad.sk. Rustenberg, July 24 {T. Gurney Coll.

Ayres) .

^(jj . Page 43. Barbatula extoni.

I, k. Ad. sk. Rustenberg, Jidy {T. Ayres). Gurney Coll.

^^(3 . Page 44. Barbatula bilineata.

b. $ ad. sk. Olifants River, July 27 (T. Gurney Coll.

Ayres).

Page 45. Barbatula leucolaema.
For " leucol8ema, J. ^ E. Terr." read " leucolaima."

458

Page 76. Cyanops phseostriata.

For "Bucco flavostrictus " read " Bucco faiostrictus."

For '-Meffalaima flavostriata" read " Megalaima faiostriata.'

^^^ . Page 100. Trachjrphonus cafer.

I. $ ad. sk. Eustenterg, June Q {T. Gurney Coll.

Ayres).

Page 104. Add :—
6 a. Trachyphonus emini.
Trachyphonus emini, Reichen. J.f. O. 1891, p. 4.
Similar to T. boehmi, but having a black throat.
Eah. E. Africa.

^^(j. Page 125. Ehamphastos carinatus.

k',r. d2 ad. Chimalpa (4000 feet), Tehuan- Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. tepee, March ( W. B.

Richardson).

^^^. Page 141. Pteroglossus torquatus.

x'. S ad. ; y", z'. Sierra S. Domingo, Tehuan- Salvin-Godman CoU.
5 ad. sk. tepee, April ( W. B. Rich-

ardson).

a", b". Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala, July Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. B. Richardson).

^^^. Page 156. Aulacorhamphus prasinus.

h', i', k'. <S ? Santa Maria, near Quezalteu- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. et imm. angOj Guatemala, Aug.,

sk. Sept. {W. B. Richardson).

A j^ . Page 212. Coccystes glandarius.

o'. cJad.sk. Transvaal, Jan. 18 (r. ^f//-es). Gurney Coll.

p'. 2 ad. sk. Kroonstad, Orange Free State, Gurney Coll.

Jan. {B. Symonds).

^^^ . Page 217. Coccystes jacohiuus.

»*, Ad. sk. Kroonstad, Dec. (E. Symonds). Gurney Coll.

459

Add :— Page 220. Coccystes hypopinarius.

Gumey Coll.
Gumey Coll.

sk.
q. d ad. sk.

Potchefstroom, Jan. (T.

Aijres).
Macamac, Nov. {T. Ay res).

Add:—

Page 221. Coccystes cafer.

s', t'. $ ad. sk. Rustenberg, Nov., Feb. {T. Gumey Coll.
Ay res).

Add : Page 223. Coccystes serratns.

0. (S ad. sk. Potchefstroom, Nov. 3 (^T. Gumey Coll.

Ay res).

Add:—

Page 245. Cuculus canonis.

y'". 2 ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Madeira, April 29. W. R. Ogilvie Grant,

Esq. [P.].
z'°. Ad. sk. Beyrout. Gurney Coll.

a''. (^ ad. sk. Damara-Land, Nov. (C J. Gurney Coll.

Anderssoji) .
h^\ (S imm. sk. Potchefstroom {T. Ayres). Gumey Coll.

Add : Page 252. Cuculus intermedius.

l*-o^. (S 2 imm. Labuan, Oct., Nov.
sk.

A. H. Everett, Esq.

[C.].

Add : Page 285. Chrysococcyx cupreus.

s"-x". c? $ ad.; Potchefstroom, Sept., Oct., Guraev Coll.

y"-/'- S 2 Dec. to March {T. Ayres).

imm. sk.
g^. 6 ad. sk. Transvaal ( T. Ayres). Gurney Coll.

h^. Ad. sk. Kroonstad, Orange Free State Gumey Coll.

{E. Symonds).

Add : Page 308. Coccyzus americanus.

t", tt". c? ad. sk. Brownsville, Texas, May (F. Salvin-Godman Coll.

£. Armstrong),
v", u'". 2 ad. sk. Bolaiios, Jalisco, Feb., April Salvin-Godman ColL

( ir. B. Richardson).

2h2

460

j^^^. Page 311. Coccyzus erythrophthalmtis.

i', u', v'. 5 fid. Brownsville, Texas, April, Salvin Godman Coll.
sk. J^Iay (jP. B. Armstrong).

w'. cJ ad. sk. Cliuipach(5, Qiiezaltenango Salvin-Godman Coll.

(10,000 feet), Guatemala,
September ( W. B. Richard-
son).

^^^ . Page 316. Endynamislionorata.

2". Imm. sk. Labuan, January. A. H. Everett, Esq.

[C.].

j^^(j . Page 362. Centropns natalensis.

b'. 2ad.sk. Rustenberg, Dec. 16(7'. ^yres). Gumey Coll.

c'. S ad. sk. Tembe River, May 30 ( W. Gurney Coll.

Ayres).

ji^dij . Page 373. Piaya cayana.

t\ S ad. sk. Tebiiantepec, Feb. 19 ( W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll.

Bichardson) .
u^. Ad. sk. Sierra S. Domingo, Tehiian- Salvin-Godman Coll.

tepee, April V2 ( W. B. B.).
v". c? ad. sk. Chimalapa, Tebuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll.

March 11 (TT^.^.i?.).
w^. cJad.sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala, July 17 Salvin-Godman Coll.

( W. B. B.).
x^ 5 ad. sk. Pie de la Cuesta, San Marcos, Salvin-Godman Coll.

Guatemala, Nov. 5 (W. B.

B.).

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

abbreviatus (Bamphas-

tos), 128.
abruptus (Cuculus), 2G8.
Abyssinian Cnckow, 212.
Abyssinian Plant-cutter,

22
abvssinica (Phytotoma),

22.
abyssinicus (Cuculus),

212.
abyssinicus (Hyreus), 22.
abyssinicus (Melano-

bucco), 22.
abyssinicus (Pogono-

rbynchus), 23.
Acentetus, ySl.
acheenensis (Centro-

coccyxj, t54.T.
segyptius (Cenlropus),

•3o2.
segyptius (Corydonix),

3G1.
segvptius (Cuculus),

349, 3G0.
segyptius (Polophilus),

31)1.
aenea (Galbula), 170.
ieneioauda (Phoeni-

coplianis), 400.
seneicauda (Rhampho-

coccyx), 400.
leneicauda (Urococcyx),

4U0.
aeneicauda (Dryococcyx),

400.
aeneus (Ceuthmochares),

401, 402.

aneus (PhoenicopUaes),

401.
aeneus (Zandostomus),

402, 403.
aequatorialis (Malaco-

ptila), 196.
apquatorialis (Melano-
bucco). 19.

aeratus (Cuculus), 402.
aereus (Ceuthmochares),

402.
aereus (Cuculus), 402.
aereus (Phoenicophaes),

403.
aereus (Zandostomus),

403.
jgruginosus (Cacoman-

tis), 274.
afer (Coccystes), 221.
afar (Cuculus), 221.
at'er (Oxylophus), 217,221.
affine (Trichola-ma), 31.
afflnis (Acenletiis), 382.
affinis (Barbatula), 41.
aflinis (Centrococcyx),

3.54.
afRnis (Centropus), 354.
affinis (Corvusj, 203.
affinis (Cuculus), 242.
affinis (Pogonorhynchus),

31.
affinis (Taccocua), 382.
affinis (Zandostomus),

382.
afrieana (Schizorhis),

450, 451.
afrieana (Musophaga),

451.
aCricanus (Opa;thu3),

437, 439, 440.
africanus (Schizorhis),

451.
africanus (Phasianus),

4.")0.
africjinus (Turacus), 451.
albicoUis (Indicator), 5.
albicrissus (Jfotliarchus),

182.
albifrons (Bucco), 204.
albigularis (Hracliv-

galba). 171, 173, nt.
albigularis (Galbuln),

173.

albipennis (Chelido-

ptera), 207.
albirostris (Galbula),

104, 108, 109, 170.
albirostris (Indicator), 5.
albirostris (Prodotes), 5.
albiventer (Brachy-

galha), 174.
albiventris (Brachycex),

174.
albiventris (Galbula),

170, 174.
albiventris (Laimodon),

19.
albivertex (Cuculus),

226.
albivertex (Simotes),

220.
albivitta (Aulaco-

rhaniphus), 157.
albivitta (Pteroglossus),

1 57.
albi\itfatus (.\ulaco-

rharaphus), 153, 154,

157.
albocristata (Corythaix),

441.
albucrist'ita (iluso-

pliaga), 440.
albocrislatus (Turacus),

440.
albogularis (Brachycex),

173.
albogularis (Rampbas-

tos), 125.
albonotatuB (Coceystes),

224.
albopunctatus (Cuculus),

227.
albopunctulatus (Cu-
culus), 227.
allxjstriatus ^Cuculus),

201.
Alcyonides, 175.
Alectorops, 395.

462

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

amaurocephalus (Cu-

cuIub), 378.
amazonica (Oapito), 113.
atnazonicus (Capito),

113.
amazonutn (Urogalba),

162, 163.
ambiguus (Pteroglossusl,

141.
ambiguus (Rhamphas-

tos), 124, 128.
ambiguus (Eamphas-

tos), 127.
ambulatoria (Croto-

phaga), 430.
ameriuana (Piaya),

309.
americanus (Coccystes),

3U9.
americanus (Coccyzus),

308, 459.
americanus (Croto-

phaga), 428.
americanus (Cuculus),

308.
americanus (Cureus),

309.
americanus (Erythro-

pbrys), 309.
americanus occidentalis

(Coccyzus), 311.
amethystina (Lampro-

morpba), 289.
amethystinus (Chalco-

coccyx), 289.
Anada'nus, 392.
anais (Gallirex), 446.
anchieta (Buccanodon),

48.
anchietse (Megalaima),

48.
anchietce (Stactolscma),

48.
andamanensis (Centro-

coccyx), 366.
andamanensis (Centro-

pus), 366.
Andigeua, 123, 133.
ani (Crotophaga), 428,

429.
Ani des Paletuviers,

428.
Ani des Saranes, 430.
Ani, Greater, 428.
Ani, Lesser, 430.
Anno, 430.
Anno Guazu, 428.
Anomalous Hornbill,

330.
anselli (Centropus),
359.

apivorus (Indicator),

9.
approsimans (Eam-

phastos), 126.
Aracari, 137.
Aracari a ceinture rouge,

L', 138.
Aracari a double

ceinture, L', 139.
Aracari Azara, L', 145.
Aracari Baillon, L',

136.
Aracari Koulik, L', 152.
Aracari Koulik du Bresil,

L', 149.
Aracari Koulik du P^rou,

L', 149.
aracari (Pteroglossus),

137, 138, 139.
aracari (Ramphastos),

138.
Aracari verd, L', 147.
archipelagicus (Indica-
tor), 4, 5.
arfakianus (Cacoman-

tis), 274.
Argicus, 179.
ariel (Rhampbastos),

122, 124, 131, 132.
armata (Galbula), 174.
armillaris (Bucco), 66,

67.
armillaris (Cyanops),

66.
armillaris (Megalsema),

66.
armillaris (Megalaima),

66, 67.
arnaudi (Tracbypbo-

nus), 104, 105.
aruensis (Centropus),

337.
aruensis (Nesocentor),

337.
asiatica (Cyanops), 62.
asiatica (Megaliema),

63.
asiatica (Megalaima),

63.
asiaticus (Bucco), 63.
asiaticus (Trogon), 62.
aspersa (Malacoptila),

196, 197.
assimilis (Cacomantis),

273, 274.
assimilis (Cuculus),

274.
ater (Cuculus), 203,

223.
ater (Oxylopbus),
221.

ateralbus (Centropus),

334.
ateralbus (Nesocentor),

334.
atra (Monasa), 203.
atricollis (Ramphastos),

138.
atroflava (Barbatula),

43.
atroflava (Megalsema),

43.
atroflava (Megalaima),

43.
atrogularis (Aulaco-

rhamphus), 154, 160.
atrogularis (Ptero-
glossus), 160.
audeberti (Cuculus),

224.
audeberti (Pachycoc-

cyx), 224.
Aulacorhampbus, 123,

153.
Aulacorhynchus, 153.
aurantiicoUis (Capito),

115.
aurantiicoUis (Eubucco),

115.__
aurantiirostris (Cucu-
lus), 244, 247.
auratus (Bucco), 113.
auratus (Capito), 112,

113.
auratus (Chalcites), 285.
auratus (Chryso-

coccyx), 285.
auratus (Cuculus), 285.
aurea (Alcedo), 176.
aureus (Micropogon),

113.
auricoUis (Micropogon),

112.
aurifrons (Bucco), 42,

65.
aurifrons (Capito), 112.
aurifrons (Micropogon),

112,
aurovirens (Bucco), 109.
aiu-ovirens (Capito), 108.
aurovirens (Eubucco),

109.
aurovirens (Micropo-
gon), 109.
australasiiE (Scythrops),

3.30.
Australian Channel-
Bill. 3.30.
australis (Bucco), 85, 87,

94.
australis (Ceuthmo-
chares), 403.

ALPHABETICAl, INDEX.

463

australis (Corvua), 203.
australis (Eudynamis),

317, 324.
australis (Megalsema),

9.5.
australis (Megalaima),

94.
australis (Xantholasma),

94.
australis (Zanclosto-

mus), 403.
axillaris (Monasa), 204.
azaraj ( Pteroglossus),

137, 138, 144, 14,5.
azara; (Rainphastos),

145.

badius (Coccyzus), 393.
baliaiuensis (Saurothera),

371.
bailloni (Andigena),

134, 136.
bailloui (Pteroglossus),

13().
bailloni (Rainphastos),

136.
bairdi (Coccyzus), 309.
Barbacou a bee rouge,

Le, 203.
Barbacou a croupion

Wane, Le, 207.
Barbutuia, 14, 38.
barbatula (Bucco), 39.
barbatula (Megalaema),

40.
barbatula (Megalaiina),

40.
Barbet, Beautiful, 116.
Barbet, Black-throated,

31.
Barbet, Buff-faced, 89.
Barbet, Cayenne, 111.
Barbet, Collared, 180.
Barbet, Doubtful, 15.
Barbet, Greater Pied,

181.
Barbet, Grand, 52.
Barbet, Green, 83.
Barbet, Indian, 89.
Barbet, Lesser Pied,

18.5.
Barbet, Little, 89.
Barbet, Eed-crown, 93.
Barbet, Spotted-bellied,

189.
Barbet, Wax-billed, 203.
Barbet, White-breasted,

193.
Barbet, White-faced,

204.

Barbet, Yellow-cheeked,

76.
Barbet, Yellow-throated,

89.
Barbican, 15, 39.
Barbican a ventre rose,

20.
Barbican des cotes do

Barbarie, 15.
Barbican unibec, 18.
barbiculus (Bucco), 93,

95.
Barbion a dos rouge,

43.
Barbu a collier de Cay-
enne, 180.
Barbu a collier rouge,

89.
Barbu a front d'Or, 65.
Barbu a gorge bloue,

62.
Barbu a gorge jaune,

89.
Barbu a gorge noire,

31.
Barbu a gros bee de Cay-
enne, 181.
Barbu a plastron noir,

24.
Barbu a plastron noire,

31.
Barbu a plastron rouge,

89.
Barbu a poitrine noire de

Cayenne 185.
Barbu a ventre tachete

de Cayenne, 188.
Barbu Barbichon, 93.
Barbu de Guyane, 111.
Barbu de I'isle de Lu9on,

31.
Barbu de Mah6, 83.
Barbu de St. Domingue,

111.
Barbu des Majnias, 116.
Barbu des Philippines,

89.
Barbu du Cap de Bonne

Esp^rance, 31.
Barbu du Senegal, 89.
Barbu elegant, 1 16.
Barbu Kotorea, 5().
Barbu orang6 de P6rou,

113.
Barbu oranvert, 108.
Barbu rose-gorge, 96.
Barbu Rubicon, 26.
Barbu tjichete de Cay-
enne, 111.
Barbu vert, 83.
harianus (Indicator), 7.

barrotii (Phoenicophaus),

404.
bartlettii (Cuculua),

256.
basalis (Lamprococcyx),

294, 298.
basalis (Ohalcites), 294.
basalis (Chalcococcyx,

294.
basalis (Chrysococcyx),

294, 298.
basalis (Cuculus), 294.
Beau Tamatia, 116.
beauharnaisi (Ptero-
glossus), 137, 138,

148.
Beauharnasius, 137.
Beautiful Barbet, 116.
Bee Cuckoo, 212.
bengaleusis (Centrocoe-

cyx), 352.
bengalensis (Centropus),

352.
bengalensis (Cuculus),

352.
bengalensis (Polopbilus),

352.
bernsteini (Centropus),

338.
bernsteini (Nesocentor),

338.
bernsteini (Polophilus),

338.
bharovus (Cuculus),

256.
bicincta (Capito), 188.
bicineta (Chaunornis),

US8.
bicincta (Tamatia), 188.
bieinctus (Bucco), 179,

180, 188.
bieinctus (Hypnelus),

188.
bicolor (Centropus) 365.
bicolor (Corydonii),

3.57.
bicolor (Pyrrhoceutor),

365.
bideiitatns (Bucco), 18.
bidentatus (Laiinodon),

18.
bidentatus (Melano-

buoco), 18.
bidentatus (Pogonias),

18. 19.
bidentatus (Pogonorhyn-

cliusi, 18, 19, 20.
bifreuatus (Pogonias),

bifrenatus (Pogonorhyn-
chus), 30.

464

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

bilineata (Barbatula),

44, 457.
bilineata (Megalsema), 44,

45.
bilineata (Megalaima),

44.
bitorquata (Tamatia),

188.
bitorquatus (Ptero-

glossus), 137, 138, 144.
blacica (Malacoptila),

196.
Blackbird, Eazor- billed,

430.
Blackbird, Savanna, 430.
Black Indian Cuckoo,

316.
Black-tbroated Barbet,

31.
Bhie-cbeeked Curucui,

62.
Blue-headed Cuckoo,

324.
bocagii (Smilorhis), 36.
bocki (Hierococcyx), 234.
boehmi(Musopbaga),448.
boebmi (Trachyphonus),

104, 105.
bonapartii (Gymno-

bucco), 36.
bonapartii (Gymnocra-

nus), 36.
bonapartii (Heliobucco),

36.
bonapartii (Megalaima),

36.
borealis (Cuculus), 247.
borneensis (Cacomantis),

268.
borneensis (Centropus),

344.
borneensis (Megalsema),

59.
borneensis (Melias), 389.
borneensis (Rhopodytes),

389.
botta (Saurothera), 419.
bourcieri (Cajjito), 118,

119.
bourcieri (Eubucco), 118.
bourcieri (Micropogon),

118.
Bout de Petun, 428, 429,

430.
Brachycex, 171.
Bracbygalba, 161, 171.
bracbyptera (Piaya), 377.
brachypterus (Coccyzus),

378.
brachypterus (Pyrrho-

coccyx), 378.

brasiliensia (Chelido-

ptera), 207, 208.
brasiliensis (Jacamar-

alcyon), 174.
brasiliensis n8evia(Ispida),

190.
brazzse (Coccystes), 225.
brevicarinatus (Kham-

pbastos), 124, 126.
brevijiennis (Cuculus),

277.
bronzinus (Cacomantis),

275.
bronzinus (Cuculus),

275.
Brown and Spotted

Indian Cuckoo, 316.
brucii (Laiuiodon), 23.
brucii (Pogonias), 22.
brunnea (Konnula), 199,

201.
Bubutus, 392.
bubutus (Centropus). 343,

348.
Buccanodon, 38.
Bucco, 179.
Buccotrogon, 98.
Buff-faced Barbet, 89.
buffoni (Corythaix) 438.
buffoni (Opathus), 438.
buffoni (Turacus), 438.
bupbagoides (Indicator),

6,9.
burchelli (Centropus),

361.
burchelli (Corythaix) ,446.
Burhynchus, 124.

cabanisi (Corythaix),

440.
Cacangelus, 226.
Cacomantis, 211, 265.
cffirulea (Coua), 406.
cseruleicinctus (Aulaco-

rhamphus). 154, 159.
Cffiriileigula (Bucco), 63.
CEeruleigularis (Aulaco-

rbamphiis), 154, 159,

160.
Cffiruleocinctus (Aulaco-

rhynehus), 159.
cseruleus (Bucco), 62.
C£eruleus (Centropus),

407.
cseruleus (Coccyzus), 406.
cseruleus (Coua), 406.
ca?ruleu8 (Cuculus), 406.
caruleus (Glaucococcyx),

407.
■ cscruleus (Polophilusj,

406.

cffiruleus (Sericosomus),

407.
cafer (Capito), 101.
cafer (Ooccystes), 221,

459
cafer (Cuculus), 221.
cafer (Cucupicus), 100.
cafer (Oxylophus), 222.
cafer (Picus), 101.
cafer (Trachyphonus),

100, 102, 458!
caixana (Coccycua), 379.
caixana (Coccyzus), 378.
caixana (Macropus), 377,

378.
calcaratus (Bucco), 203.
Caliechthrus, 210, 225.
californiana (Sauro-
thera), 419.
californianus (Geo-

coccyx), 419.
callirhynchus (Phoeni-

cophaus), 396.
callorhinchus (Ram-

phastos), 125.
Calorliauiphus, 14, 49.
calorhynchus (Aulaco-

rhamphus), 153, 155.
calorhynchus (Melias),

396.
calorhynchus (Phoeni-

cophaus), 396.
calorhj-nchus (Ehampho-

coccyx), 396, 397.
calorhynchus (Zanclos-

tomus), 396.
calva (Megalaima), 34.
calvus (Bucco), 34.
calvus (Gymnobuceo), 34.
calvus (Gymnocranus),

34.
caniceps (Bucco), 77, 78,

80, 83.
caniceps (Chotorhea), 78.
caniceps (Cyanops), 78.
caniceps (Megalsema), 78.
caniceps (Megalaima),

77, 78, 80.
caniceps (Phoenicophaus),

393.
canorinus (Cuculus), 253.
canoroides (Cuculus),

253.
canoroides (Nicoclarius),

253.
canorus (Cuculus), 245,
■ 256,459.

canorus borealis (Cucu-
lus), 247.
canorus telephonus (Cu-
culus), 247.

Ar.PHABETICAL INDEX.

465

cantor (Cuculiis), 263.
capensis (Bucco), ISO.
capensis (Cuculus), 244,

247, 258.
capistratus (Capito), 118.
capistratus (Megalaima),

118.
Capito, 15, 107.
cariiiatus (Eamphastos),

125, 12(5.
carinatiis (Rhamphastos),

124, 125, 126, 127.
caroli (Coccystes), 221.
carolineusis (Coccyzus),

S09.
carolinensis (Cuculus),

308.
carolinensis (Erythro-

phrys), 309.
Carpococcys, 414.
casasii (Crotophaga),

432.
castanea (Hapaloptila),

202.
castanea (Malacoptila),

202.
castmieiventris (Caco-

niantis), 274.
castaneiventris (Cuculus),

274.
castaneorhynchus (Aula-

corhamjilius), 158.
cast^meorbynchus (Ptero-

glossus), 158.
castanopterus (Centro-

pus), 343.
castanotis (Pteroglcssus),

138, 140.
castanotis australis

(Pteroglossus), 141.
Cauas, 174.
Caucalias, lfi3.
Cauecias, 175.
cayana (Piaya), 373, 460.
cavanensis (Coccyzus),

373.
cayannensis (Bucco), 111.
cayanneusis (Capito), 111,

'113.
cayannensis (Micro-

pogon). 111.
cayauus (Coccyzus), 373.
cayanus (Cuculus), 373,

377, 378.
cayanus (^Pyrrhococcyx),

373.
Cayenne Barbet, 111.
celebensis (Oentropus),

365.
celebensis (Pyrrho-

centon. 365.

Centrococcyx, 331.
Oentropus, 331.
ceramensis (Cuculus),

323.
Cercococcyx, 210, 265.
Ceutlimochares, 368,

401.
ceycoides (Galbula), 174.
ceylonensis (Eudynamis),

317.
ceylonensis (Phcenico-

phaus), 395.
ceylonensis (Rhampho-

eoccyx), 396.
Ciiacuru, El. 191.
cbacuru (Bucco), 180,

191,
cbacuru (Capito), 191.
cbacuru (Nyctastes),

191.
cbacuru (Nystalus), 191.
cbacuru (Tamatia), 191.
Cbalcites, 280.
cbalcites (Cbrysococcvx),

294, 295, 297, 298."
cbalcite.s (Cuculus), 295,

297, 298.
chalcocephala (Galbula),

169.
Cbalcococcyx, 211, 288.
chalcopepla (Lauipro-

morpba), 285.
cbalcopeplus (Cuculus),

285.
chalcoptera (Galbula),

172.
cbalcothorax (Caucalias),

171
cbalcothorax (Galbula),

164, 171.
cbalvbeus (Centropus),

337.
cbalybeus (Cuculus),

260.
chalybeus (Nesocentor),

338.
Cbannel-Bill, Australian,

330.
Chaunornis, 179.
Cbelidoptera, 179, 202.
cbinensis (Eudvnamis),

317.
cbiriri (Coccyzus), 424.
Cbirri, 424. "
Cbiz.Trliis, 450.
cbloroclilauiys (Q^llirex),

447.
chlorocephalus (Phoeni-

cophaus), 393.
chlorophsea (Rhinortha),

393.

cliloropha?u3 (CucuIub),

393.
cblorophseus (Idio-

coccyx), 393.
chloropba'us (Pboeni-

copbaes), 393.
cblororbyncbuB (Centro-
coccyx), 342.
cblororhynchus (Centro-
pus), 342.
cblororbyncbus (Ram-

pbastos), 133.
Chocbi, 424.
cbocbi (Coccyzus), 424.
chocbi (Diplopterus),

424.
Cbotorbea, 15, 55.
chrysites (Cuculus), 286.
chrysites (Lauipro-

coccyx), 286.
cbrysocblorus (Cuculus),

286.
cbrysocblorus (Lampro-

coccyx), 286.
Cbrysococcyx, 211, 280.
chrysocoma (Barbatula),

42, 43.
chrysocoma (Bucco), 42.
chrysocoma (Megalfema),

42.
chrysocoma (Megalaima),

42, 43.
chrvsogaster (Coccyzus),

381.
chrysogaster (Piaya),

380.
cbry.sopogon (Bucco), 57,

59.
cbrysopogon (Chotorhea),

57.
chrvsopogon (Cyanops),

68.
chrvsopogon(iIpgala;ma),

57.
chrvsopogon (Mega-
laima), 57.
chrvsopsis (Chotorhea),

59.
chrvsopsis (Megalaema),

69.
chrvsopsis (Megalaima),

59.
chrysoptera (Bucco), 40.
chrvsopyga (Barbatula),

40.
cineracea (Nonnula), 199,

200.
cineraceus (Cuculus),

266.
cinerascens (Cuculus),

266.

466

AI-PHABETICAL INDEX.

cinerea (Piaya), 313.
cinereus (Bucco), 203.
cinereus (Oacomantis),

261.
cinereus (Coccyzus), 307,

312.
cinereus (Cuculus), 247,

261.
cinerosus (Cuculus), 309.
Ciniciento, 307.
cinnamomeiventris

(Piaya), 372.
cinnamomeus (Cuculus),

374.
circe (Piaya), 373.
circe (Pyrrhococcyx),

374.
citreolremus (Ehani-

phastos), 124, 131.
claasi (Ohrysococcyx),

283.
Cladurus, 38.
claniosus (Cuculus), 256,

260.
clasii (Chrysococcyx),

283.
Coccycua, 373.
Coccygius, 302.
Coccygon, 302.
Coccygus, 302.
Coccystes, 210, 211.
Coccysus, 302.
Coccyzus, 21 1 , 302.
Cochlothraustes, 405.
Collared Cueliow, 215.
collaris (Bucco), 179, 180.
collaris (Capito), 180.
collaris (Ouculus), 215.
collaris (Taraatia), 180.
Colophimus, 4.50.
color (Coccyzus), 217.
columbinus (Coccyzus),

374.
columbinus (Pyrrho-
coccyx), 374.
concolor (Cliizserhis),

453.
concolor (Coliphimus),

451, 453, 455.
concolor (Corythaix),

453.
concolor (Corythaix-

oides), 453.
concolor (Musophaga),

454.
concolor (Scbizorhis),

454.
concolor (Turacus), 454.
concretus (Cuculus), 241.
concretus (Nicoclarius),

242.

conirostris (Indicator),

10.
conirostris (Malign othes),

10.
consobrimis (Ligno-

bucco), 47.
eoquerelli (Coua), 412.
coquerelli (Sericosomus),

412.
corallirhynchus (Melias),

377.
corallirhynebus (Phoeni-

cophaus), 378.
Coromandel Crested

Cuckoo, 217.
coromandelicus (Cucu-
lus), 215.
coromandus (Coccystes),

214, 215.
coromandus (Cuculus),

214.
coromandus (Oxylopbus),

21.5.
corvina (Chotorea), 58.
corvina (Chotorbea), .56.
corvina ( Megalsema), 56.
corvina (Megalaima), 56.
corvinus (Bucco), 56.
Corydonyx, 331.
Corythijeola, 449.
Corythaix, 43(5.
corythaix (Corythaix),

440.
corythaix (Spelectos),

440.
corythaix (Turacus), 440.
Corythaixoides, 450.
Corythrix, 436.
costaricensis (Malaco-

ptila), 196.
Coua, 368, 405, 409.
Coua easseup d'escargots,

413.
Coua Famao-acora, 413.
Coua verdatre, 412.
Coucal, Chestnut, 343.
Coucal de Tintingue,

408.
Coucal geant, 340.
Coucal houhou, 360.
Coucal noiru, 357.
Coucal rutin, .352.
Coucal violet, 337.
Coucou, 247, 304.
Ooucou a collier blanc,

215.
Coucou a gros bee, 316.
Coucou a tete grise de

Java, 268.
Coucou a ventre raye de

risle de Panay, 232.

Coucou bleu de Mada-
gascar, 406.

Coucou brun et jaune a
ventre raye, 232.

Coucou brun varie de
noire, 314.

Coucou criard, 260.

Coucou d'Audaluusie,
212.

Coucou de Klaas, 283.

Coucou de la Caroline,
308.

Coucou de S. Domingue,
308.

Coucou de Madagascar,
350.

Coucou des Paletuviers
de Cayenne, 304.

Coucou des Philippines,
349.

Coucou du Cap de Bonne
Espe ranee, 247.

Coucou du Senegal, 360.

Coucou EdoUs, 217, 221,
223.

Coucou hupe de Coro-
mandel, 214.

Coucou hupe de la cote
de Coromandel, 217.

Coucou hupe du Bresil,
434.

Coucou hupe du Coro-
mandel, 214.

Coucou hupp6 a collier,
21.5.

Coucou huppe de Mada-
gascar, 409.

Coucou huppe noir et
blanc, 212.

Coucou noir de Bengale,
316.

Coucou noir de Cayenne,
203.

Coucou noir de Cayenne,
Le petit, 207.

Coucou noir des Indos,
322.

Coucou solitaire, 2.58.

Coucou tacheron, 316.

Coucou tachet6 de Ben-
gale, 316.

Coucou tachete de Cay-
enne, 423.

Coucou tachete de la
Chine, 316.

Coucou tacbete de I'lsle
de Panay, 321

Coucou tachet6 de Mala-
bar, 316.

Coucou lachete de Min-
danao, 321.

I

J

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

467

Coucou tachet6 des Indes,

32-2.
Coucou tachet6 des Indes

Orientales, 325.
Coucou verdatre de

Madagascar, 412.
Coucou vert d' Antigua,

349.
Coucou vert dore et

blanc, 28.").
Coucou vert du Cap de

Bonne Esperance, 285.
Coucou vert hup6 de

Guint'e, 437.
Coucou vulgaire d'Af-

rique, 244.
Coucou vulgaire d'Eu-

rope, 247.
Coulion vert, 407.
crassirostris (Chalco-

coccyx), 301.
crassirostris (Cuculus),

238, 301, 316.
crassirostris (Hiero-

coccyx), 238.
crassirostris (Lampro-

coccyx), 301.
crawfurdii (Plioeni-

cophaus), 391.
Crested Black Cuckoo,

223.
cristata (Coua), 409,

410.
cristata (Corytbaeola),

449.
cristata (Musophaga),

449.
cristata (Guira), 434.
cristatus (Coccyzus), 409.
cristMtus (Coua), 409.
cristatus (Cuculus), 391,

409.
cristatus (Ptiloleptus),

434.
cristatus (Scbizorbis),

449.
cristatus (Sericosomus),

409.
cristatus (Serisomus),

409.
cristatus (Turacus), 449.
croceus (Pteroglossus),

136.
Orotophaga, 427.
Crown bird from Mexico,

437.
Cuckoo, Bee, 212.
Cuckoo, Black Indian,

316.
Cuckoo, Brown and

Spotted Indian, 3lti.

Cuckoo, Coroniandel

Crested, 217.
Cuckoo, Great Spotted,

212.
Cuckoo, Long-heeled,

3.50.
Cuckoo, Shining, 295.
Cuckoo, Society, 314.
Cuckow, Abyssinian,

212.
Cuckow, Black-breaeted,

223.
Cuckow, Blue, 406.
Cuckow, Blue-headed,

324.
Cuckow, Collared, 215.
Cuckow, Crested Black,

223.
Cuckow, Egyptian, 360.
Cuckow, Fan-tailed. 266.
Cuckow, Flinders, 324.
Cuckow, Gilded, 285.
Cuckow, Great Mada-
gascar, 412.
Cuckow, Madagascar,

409, 412.
Cuckow, Pisan, 212.
Cuckow, Tipped, 279.
Cuckow, White-rum ped,

207.
cucullatus (Andigena),

134.
cucullatus (Pteroglossus),

134.
cuculoides (Centropus),

381.
cuculoides (Taccocua),

382.
Cuculus, 201, 240.
Cueupicus, 99.
culik (Pteroglossus), 152.
culniinatus (Raniphas-

tos), 124. 130.
Cultrides, 415.
cuiuingii (Dasylophus),

404.^
cumingii (Lepidogram-

mus), 404, 405.
cumingii (Phoenico-

phaus), 404.
cuneicauda (Eudynamis),

314.
cupreus (Chalcites), 280,

286.
cupreus (Chrvsococcvx),

281,2&5,459.
cupreus (Cuculus), 280,

285.
cuprevis (Lamprococcvx).

28(>.
Curassow. Blue. 449.

Cureus, 302.
cursor (Coua), 411.
cursor (Serico.somus),

412.
Curucui, Blue-cheeked,

62.
Curucui, Spotted, 291.
curvirostris (Cuculus),

397.
curvirostris (Phcenico-

phaus), 397, 399.
curvirostris (Rhampho-

coccyx), 397.
curvirostris (Rhino-
coccyx), 397, 398.
cuvieri (Ramphastos),

130.
cuvieri (Rhamphastos),

124, 130.
cyanescens (Galbula),

167.
cyaneicollis (Galbula),

IM, 169.
cyaneus (Crax), 449.
cyanicollis (Bucco), 62.
cyanocephala (Eudyna-
mis), 324, 326.
cyanocephala (Galbula),

169.
cyanocephalus (Bucco),

94.
cyanocephalus (Cuculus),

324.
cyanocollis (Capito), 62.
cvanola-mus (Aulaco-

rhamphus), 154, KiO.
cyanopogon (Ghilbula),

169.
Cyauops, 15, 61.
cyanops (Bucco), 62.
cyanotis (Bucco), 87.
cyanotis (Cyanops), 87.
cyanotis (Megakuma),
'87.
cyanotis (Mesobucco),

87.
cyanotis (Xantholaema),
'87.

Cyphos, 179.
cyphos (Capito), 186.

darnaudi (Micropogon),

105.
darnaudi (Trachypho-

nus), 105.
DasylophiLs, 368, 403.
davisoni (Cyanops), 65.
davisoni (Megaljenia),

65.
davisoni (Megalaima),

65.

468

ALI'HABETICAT, INDEX.

decorus (Cuculus), 405.
delalandei (Coccyzus),

413.
delalandei (Oochlo-

thraustes), 413.
delalandei (Coua), 413.
delalandei (Cuculus),

413.
delalandei (Sericosomus),

413.
derbianus (Aulacorham-
plius), 154, 1.55, 156.
derbianus (Aulacorhyn-

chus), 155.
derbianus (Pteroglossus),

155.
diadematum (Tricho-

lasma), 33.
diadematus (Indicator),

9.
diadematus (Lsemodon),

33.
diadematus (Pogonias),

33.
diadematus (Pogono-

rhynchus), 33.
diardi (Melias), 390.
diardi (Phoenicophaus),

390.
diardi (Rhopodytes),

390.
diardi (Zanclostomus),

390.
dicolorus (Eamphastos),

133.
dicolorus (Rhamphastos),

124, 133.
dicruroides (Cacangelus),

227.
dicruroides (Cuculus),

227.
dicruroides (Pseudornis),

227.
dicruroides (Surniculus),

227.
didvmus (Pteroglossus),

138, 147.
dimidiatus (Aulaeorham-

phus), 154, 160.
dimidiatus (Centrococ-

cyx), 353.
dimidiatus (Centropus),

352.
Diplopterus, 423.
dominica (Piaya), 309.
dominicae (Coccyzus),

306.
dominicensis (Coccyzus),

369.
dominicensis (Sauro-
thera), 369.

dominicus (Coccyzus),

304,309,311.
dorainicus (Cuculus),

308.
Doubtful Barbet, 15.
Dromococcyx, 425.
Dryococcyx, 368.
dubius (Bucco), 15.
dubius (Laimodon), 16.
dubius (Pogonias), 16.
dubius (Pogonorham-

phus), 16.
dubius (Pogouorhyn-

chus), 15, 19.
ducbaillui (Barbatula),

38.
ducbaillui (Buccanodon),

38.
ducbaillui (Cladurus), 39.
ducbaillui (Megalania),

39.
ducbaillui (Megalaima),

39.
ducbaillui (Pogonias),

38.
ducbaillui (Pogono-

rhyncbus), 39.
ducbaillui (Xylobucco),

39.
dumetorura (Cacoman-

tis), 272.
dumetorum (Cuculus),

272.
duvauceli (Mesobucco),

85.
duvaucelii (Bubutus),

393.
duvaucelii (Bucco), 85.
duvaucelii (Megatema),

86.
duvaucelii (Megalaima),

86, 87.
duvaucelii (Xautho-

Ifema), 86.
Dynamene, 315.
dysoni (Bucco), 180, 182.
dysoni (Notbarchus),

182.
dysonomus (Cacoman-
tis), 269.

edolius (Cuculus), 217,

223.
edolius (Oxylopbus), 217,

223.
ejulans (Cuculus), 234.
elegans (Bucco), 1 16.
elegans (Eubucco), 116.
elongatus (Melias), 389.
elongatus ( Phoenico-

phaes), 389.

elongatus (Phoenico-

pbaus), 389.
elongatus (Rbopodytes),

3»9.
elongatus (Zanclosto-

nius), 389.
emini (Indicator), 12.
eogaster (Pogonorhyn-

cbus), 20.
epomidis (Centropus),

357.
Erytbrobucco, 13, 16.
erytbrocephala (Capito),

117.
erytbrocepbalus (Capito),

erytbrocephalus (Eu-
bucco), 111.

erytbrocephalus (Tracby-
pbonus), 102, 103.

erylhrognatbns (Aulaco-
rbampbiis), 153, 154.

erythrognathus (Phceni-
copbwus), 398.

erythrognatbus (Rbam-
pbococcyx), 399.

ervtbroguatbus (Rhopo-
dytes), 399.

erythrognatbus (Uro-
coccyx), 398.

erythrolopha (Cory-
tbaix), 444.

erythrolopha (Muso-
phaga), 444.

erythrolophus (Opa-
thus), 444.

er ytb roloph u8(Spelecto8),
444.

erythrolophus (Turacus),
444.

erythromelas (Pogonia),
16.

erythronota (Barbatula),
43.

erythronotus (Bucco),
43,111.

Erythropbrys, 302.

erythrophtbalmus (Coc-
cyzus), 311, 460.

erythrophtbalmus (Cu-
culus), 311.

erytbropygia (Geococ-
cyx), 422.

erytbropygia (Piaya),

422.
erytbropygius (Morococ-

cyx), 422.
erytbropygius (Pyrrho-

coccyx), 422.
ervtbropvgius (Ptero-
glossus), 138, 143, 144.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

469

erythropvgos (Micropo-

gon), i03.
eryf hropygos (Lypornix),

103.
erythropyg'js (Tamatia),

io;3.

erylliropvgus (Coccyziis),

422.
erythropygiLS (Moro-

coocyx), 422.
erythrorbynclia (Piaya),

380.
erythrorhynchus (Ram-

phastos), 128.
erythrurhvncluis (Rham-

pluistos"), 124, 128,

129.
erytbrosoma (Ramphas-

to.s), 132.
Eubuceo, 107.
Eudynamis, 211, 315.
Eudynamys, 31.").
euguathus (Raniphas-

tos), 127,
euleri (Coccyzus), 309.
euryoerciis (Centrococ-

cyx), 344.
eurycercus (Centropus),

344.
excellens (Diplopterus),

424.
exilis (Indicator). 11.
exilis (MeligaosU-.s), 11.
exilis (Melignotlies), 11.
extoni (Barbatula), 43,

457.

faber (Cyanops), 75.
faber (Megalsema), 75.
faber (Megalaima), 75.
facialis (Eudynami.s),

327.
faiostrictus (Bueeo), 76.
Fan-tailed Cuckow, 266.
fasciatU8 (Colipliinius),

452.
fasciatus (Cuculus), 242,

314,344.
fasciolata (Rhiuortha),

393.
fasciolatus (Cacomantis),

2G3.
fasciolatu-s (Ouculus),

263.
feliciiE (Cbizicrhis), 454.
ferrugiuea (Piaya). 303.
ferruginous (Coccyzus),

303.
ferrugineus (Nesococcvs),

303.
fiacheri (Barbatula), 46.

fiacheri (Centropus), 359.
fischeri (Corythaix), [443.
fisclieri (Turacus), 443.
flabelliformis (Cacoman-
tis), 266.
flaramulatus (Nyctastes),

190.
flavicollis (Capito), 89,

112.
flavicollis (Indicator), 6.
flavicollis (Micropogon),

112.
flavifrons (Bucco), 65.
flavifrons (Cyanops), f)5.
flavifrons (Megalrema),

65.
flavifrons (Megalaima),

65.
flavigula (Bucco), 89.
flavigula (Megalaima),

89.
flavigula (Xanthokema),

89.
flavigularis (Chrysococ-

cyx), 282.
flavimeutum (Barbatula),

46.
flavipunctata (Tricho-

la:ma), 28.
flavirostris (Ceuthmo-

chares), 401.
flavirostris (Coccyzus),

309.
flavirostris (Galbiila),

168.
flavirostris (Monacha),

203, 204.
flavirostris (Monasa),

204.
flavirostris (Phoenico-

phaes), 401.
flavirostris (Pteroglos-

sus), 138, 144, 145.
flavirostris (Zanclosto-

mus),401,402.
flaviscapulatus (Indi-
cator), 5.
flavisquamat-a (Barba-
tula), 47.
flaviventris (Cuculus),

232, 237.
flaviventris (Hierococ-

cyx), 237.
flavostictus (Bucco), 76.
flavostriata (Megalaima),

76.
flavus (Cacomantis), 268.
flavus (Cuculus), 266,

268, 277, 279.
flavus (Surniculus), 268,

277.

Flinder's Cuckow, 324.
flinderai (Eudynamis),

324.
flindersii (Cuculus), 324.
forniosa (Barbatula),

38.
formosus (PterogloBSus),

137, 139.
forsterorum (Ramphas-

tos), 130.
francisci (Centropus),

358.
franklini (Bucco), 69.
franklini (Cyanops), 69.
franklini (Megalaema),

69.
franklini (Megalaima),

69.
frantzii (Pteroglossus),

138, 142.
frantzii (Tetragonops),

120.
frontalis (Bucco), 85.
frontalis (Alalacoptila),

201.
frontalis (Nonnula), 199,

201.
frontalis (Pogonorbyn-

chus), 34.
frontatum (Tricholaema),

34.
frontatus (Pogonorhyn-

chus), 34.
fucatus (Cuculus), 253.
fugax (Cuculus), 236.
fugax (Hierococcyx),

236.
fuligiiiosa (Barbatula),

36.
fuUginosa (Gy mnobucco ),

36.
fuliginosus (Bucco), 51.
fuUginosus (Calorham-

pbus), 50, 51.
fuliginosus (Gymno-

cranus), 36.
fuliginosus (Micro-
pogon), 51.
fulvigularis (Malaco-

ptUa), 193, 198.
fulviventris (Brachy-

galba), 171, 172.
fulvogularis (Malaco-

ptila). 198.
fusca (Malacoptila), 193.
fusca (Mouasa), 194,

195.
fusca (Taraatia), 193.
fuscescens (Bucco), 2G.
fuscicapilla (Galbula),

167.

470

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

fuscicapillus (Bucco), 80.
fusous (Bucco), 193, 195.
fuscus (Capito), 195.

gabonensis (Cuculus),

259.
Gralbalcyrhynehus, 161,

175.
Galbula, 161, 163.
galbula (Alcedo), 164.
galeritus (Cuculus), 424.
galeritus (Diplopterus),

424.
Gallirex, 446.
Geococcyx, 419.
geoffroyi (Coccyzus),

416.
geoffroyi (Coua), 416.
geoffroyi (Cultrides),

416.
geoffroyi (Neomorphus),

416.
Geotacco, 425.
gigantea (Chizaerhis),

449.
gigantea (Musophaga),

449.
gigantea (Saurothera),

370.
giganteus (Bucco), 183.
giganteus (Capito), 183.
giganteus (Corydonis),

340.
giganteus (Gallirex),

449.
giganteus (Phimus),

449.
giganteus (Turacus),

449.
gigas (Centropus), 340.
gigas (Corythaix), 449.
gigas (Coua), 412, 413.
gigas (Polophilus), 340.
gigas (Sericosomus), 413.
gigas (Tamatia), 182.
Gilded Cuckow, 285.
glaber (Rbamphastos),

147.
glandarius (Coccystes),

212.
glandarius (Coccyzus),

212, 458.
glandarius (Cuculus),

212.
glandarius (Osylophus),

213.
Glaucocoecyx, 405.
glaucogularis (Capito),

117.
glaucogularis (Micro-

pogon), 117.

goeringi (Brachygalba),

171, 172.
goffini (Capito), 106
goiRni (Trachyphonus),

106.
goliath (Centropus), 335.
goliath (Nesocentor),

335.
gouldi (Selenidera), 148,

149, 150.
gouldii (PteroglosBus),

150.
gracilis (Coceyzusa), 379.
gracilis (Coccyzus), 379.
gracilis (Cuculus), 212.
gracilis (Piaya), 379.
Grammarhynchus, 137.
granadensis (Capito),

115.
Grand Barbet, 52.
Grand Barbu, 52, 53.
Grand Barbu de la Chine,

52.
Grand Bout-de-Petun,

428.
Grand Coucou de Mada-
gascar, 412.
Grand Indicateur, 6, 7.
grandior (Monacha), 203,

205.
grandior (Monasa), 205.
grand is (Alcedo), 176.
grandis (Bucco), 52, 53.
grandis (Capito), 52.
grandis (Galbula), 176.
grandis ( Jacamerops),

176, 177.
grandis (Lamprotila),

176.
grandis (Megalaima), 53.
Great Spotted Cuckoo,

212.
Greater Ani, 428.
Green Barbet, 83.
grilli (Centropus), 357.
Grosbeak, Three-toed,

22.
guianensis (Coccyzus),

374.
guianensis (Pyrrhococ-

cyx), 374.
Guifso Balito, 22.
Guira, 433.
guira (Coccyzus), 434.
guira (Cuculus), 434.
guira (Diplopterus),

434.
guira (Guira), 433.
guira (Octopteryx), 433.
guira (Ptiloleptus), 433.
gularis (Bucco), 94.

gularis (Capito), 187.
gularis (Cuculus), 244.
gularis (Taraatia), 187.
gutturalis (Bucco), 85.
Gymuobucco, 14, 34,

'36.
Gymnocranus, 34.
Gymnopus, 265.
Gymnoschizorhis, 455.

habessinicus (Pogono-

rhynchus), 23.
hsemacephala (Mega-
laima), 90.
hwmacephala (Xantho-

la^ma), 90.
hsemacephalus (Bucco),

89.
hrematocepbala (Xatho-

laeina), 89.
hsematops (Pogonias),

22.
hiBmatopygius (Aulaco-

rhamphus), 154, 158.
hsematopygus (Pteroglos-

sus), 158.
Haliouts, 411.
Hapaloptila. 179, 202.
Harefets, 411.
harringtoni(Dryococcyx),

400.
harringtoni (Phoenico-

phaes), 400.
hartlaubi (Capito), 115,

118, 119.
hartlaubi (Corythaix),

445.
hartlaubi (Coua), 412.
hartlaubi (Eubucco),

118.
hartlaubi (Turacus),

445.
havanensis (Saurothera),

370.
hayi (Bucco), 50.
hayi (Calorhamphus),

50.
hayi (Megalorhynchus).

50.
havi (Psilopus), 50.
Hehoc, 412.
Heliobucco, 36.
helviventris (Coccyzus),

304.
henrici (Cyanops), 67.
henricii (Bucco), 67.
benricii (Megalama),

67.
henricii (Megalaima), 67.
hepaticus (Cuculus), 247.
Hetserodes, 11.

Heteroscenes, 240.
heugliiii (Cuculus), 258.
Hierococcyx, 210, 231.
himalayanus (Cuculus),

252, 2ti3.
himalaj-ensis (Cuculus),

2.^)5.
hirsutum (Tricholceraa),

28.
hirsutus (Laimodon),

28.
hir.sutus (Pogonias),

28.
hirsutus (Pogonorhyn-

cbus), 28.
hodgsoni (Chalcites),

2U2.
hodgsoni (Chotorhea),

80.
hodgsoni (Cbrysococcyx),

291.
hodgsoni (Cuculus), 292.
hodgsoni (Cyanops\

81.
hodgsoni (Megalasma),

80.
hodgsoni (Megalaima),

80.
honorata (Eudynamis), •

316, 460.
honoratus (Cuculus),

316.
Hornbill, Anomalous,

330.
Hornbill, Psittaceous,

330.
horsfieldi (Cuculus), 253.
huniholdti (Pteroglossus),

138, 146.
humei (Megalaima), 72.
Hyetoiuantis, 372.
Hyetornis, 367, 372.
hyperrhynchus (Bucco),

170, 180, 183.
hyperrhynchus (Nothar-

chus)," 183.
hyperrhynchus(Taniatia),

183.
hyperythrus (Cuculus),

237, 242.
hyperythrus (Hierocoo-

' cyx), 237.
hypnalea (Chaunornis),

189.
Hj-pnalus, 179.
hypoglauca (Andigena),

134.
hypoglaucus (Andigena),

133, 134, 135.
hypoglaucus (Pteroglos-
sus), 134.

.iT.PHABKTTC.KL INDEX.

hypopinariu.s (Coccystes),
" 220, 459.

Tchthierax, 450.
Idiococcyx, 392.
igniceps "(Bucco), 69.
jgniceps (Corythaix),

444.
inea (Rhamphastos), 124,

129.
incognita (Cyauops), 68.
incognita (Megalaeina),

68.
incognita (Megalaima),

68.
Indian Barbet, 89.
indica (Megalaima), 89.
indica (Xantholaema),

89.
Indicator, 2.
indicator (Cuculus), 5.
indicator (Indicator), 5,

458.
indicus (Bucco), 89.
indicus (Cuculus), 253,

316.
indicus (Eudynamis),

317.
infaustus (Cacomantis),

273.
infaustus (Cuculus), 273.
infuscata (Taccocua),

382.
infuscatus (Cacomantis),

276.
infuscatus (Cuculus),

276.
infuscatus (Zanclosto-

mus), 382.
inornata (Brachygalba),

172.
inornata (Galbula), 171,

172.
inornata (Jacamaral-

cyon), 172.
inornata (Malacoptila),

193, 194, 196. 197.
inornata (llegalaema),

78.
inornata (Monasa), 197.
inornatus (Cacomantis),

261.
inornatus (Cuculus), 261.
inscriptus (Pteroglossus),

137, 138, 14<J.
insertus (Cacomantis),

267.
insertus (Cuculus), 266.
iusignis (Hetierodes),

12.
insignis (Indicator), 12.

471

insignis (Prodotiscus),

12.
insperatus (Cacomantis),

273.
insperatus (Cuculus),

273.
intermedia (Xantholae-

ma), 97.
intermedins (Centrococ-

cy.x), 345.
intermedins (Centropus),

345.
interuiedius (Ceuthmo-

chares), 402.
intermedius (Chalcites),

281.
intermedius (Cbrysococ-
cyx), 281.
intermedius (Cuculus),

252,281,450.
irroratus (Melanobucco),

25.
irroratus (Pogonorhyn-

chus), 2.5.
isidori (Bubutus), 393.
isidori (Jacamerops),

177.
isidori (Lamprotila),

177.

jacamaciri (Galbula),

176.
Jacamaciri of Maregraye,

The, 164.
Jacamar a bee jaune,

168.
Jacamar a gorge rousse,

Le, 1&4.
Jacamar a longue queue,

Le, 162.
Jacamar a queue rousse,

Le, l(5)i.
Jacamar a ventre blanc,

Le, 170, 174.
Jacamar, Great, 176.
Jacamar, Green, 164.
Jacamar jeune age, Le,

169.
Jacamar, Le, 164.
Jacamar, Paradise, 162.
Jacamar, Petit, 168.
Jacamar proprement dit,

Le, 164.
Jacamar, Kufous-tailed,

166.
Jacamar, White-bellied,

168.
Jacamaralcion, Le, 174.
Jacamaralcvon, 161,

174.

472

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Jacamaralcyonides, 175.
Jacamarici, 176.
Jacamerops, 161, 176.
Jacamraaciri, Le, 176.
Jacobin hupp6 de Coro-

mandel, 217.
jacobinus (Coccystes),

217, 220, 458.
jacobinus (Cuculus), 217.
jacobinus (Oxylophus),

218.
jamaioensis (Coccyzus),

372.
jamaicensis (Saurothera),

370.
javanensis (Oentrococ-

cyx), 355.
javanensis (Centropus),

355.
javanica (Centropus),

343.
javanicus (Cuculus), 354.
javanicus (Centropus),

355.
javanicus (Melias), 380.
javanicus (Phoenico-

phaes), 380.
javanicus (Zanclosto-

mus), 380.
javensis (Bucco), 56.
javensis (Chotorhea), 56.
javensis (Megalaema),

67.
javeusis (Megalaima), 56.
jerdoni (Phoenicophaus),

385.
julieni (Coccystes), 309.

kelungensis (Cuculus),
253.

kilimensis (Smilorhis),
37.

Kingfisher, Swallow-
tailed, 162.

klaasi (Chrysococcyx),
283.

klaasi (Cuculus), 283.

klaasi (Lamprococcyx),
283.

klasii (Chalcites), 283.

kotorea (Bucco), 56.

Kotterea, Le, 77.

lachrymosa (Tricholjs-

ma), 31.
lachrymosum (Tricho-

liBma), 31.
lachrymosus (Pogono-

rhynchus), 31.

Ifevirostra (Crotophaga),

430.
Levirostri.s (Laimodon),

18.
laevirostris (Pogonias),

18.
lafresnayanus (Centro-
pus), 351.
lagrandieri (Cyanops),

75.
lagrandieri (Megalsema),

75.
lagrandieri (Megalaima),

75.
Laimodon, 15.
lalandii (Coua), 413.
laminirostris (Andigena),

134, 135.
Lamjorococcyx, 280.
Lanipromorpha, 280.
Lauiprotila, 176.
lauceolata (Bucco), 199.
lanceolata (Micromona-

cha), 199.
lanceolatus (Capito),

199.
lanceolatus (Cuculus),

268.
lanceolatus (Nystalus),

199.
langsdorfR (Pteroglossus),

150.
langsdorffi (Selenidera),

149, 1,50.
lansbergi (Coccyzus),

303.
lathami (Bucco), 50.

89.
lathami (Calorharaphus),

50.
lathami (Capito), 89.
lathami (Centropus),

352.
lathami (Corydonix),

352.
lathami (Cuculus), 236.
lathami (Polophilus),

352.
lathami (Megalaima), 89.
lathami (Megalorhyn-

chus), 50.
leopoldi (Gymnoschizo-

rhis), 456.
leopoldi (Schizorhis),

456.
lepidocephalus (Ptero-
glossus), 148.
Lepidogrammus, 368,

404.
lepidus (Centrococcyx),

352, 354.

lepidus (Centropus), 352,

354.
leptodetus (Cuculus),

244, 256.
Leptostoma, 419.
leptura (Galbula),

166.
leschenaulti (Acentetus),

382.
leschenaulti (Taccocua),

381.
leschenaulti (Zanclosto-

mus), 382.
lessoni (Diplopterus),

424.
leucocephalus (Laimo-
don), 21.
leucocephalus (Melano-

bucco), 21.
leucocephalus (Pogonias),

21.
leucocephalus (Pogono-

rhynchus), 21.
leucocrissus (Bucco),

182.
leucogaster (Caucalius),

170.
leucogaster (Centropus),

358.
leucogaster (Chizasrhis),

452.
leucogaster (Corydonix),

358.
leucogaster (Melano-

buoco), 22.
leucogaster (Musophaga),

4.52.
leucogaster (Phcenico-

phaus), 395.
leucogaster (Pogono-

rhynchus), 22.
leucogaster (Polophilus),

358.
leucogaster (Scliizorhis),

452.
leucogaster (Turacus),

453.
leucogastra (Galbula),

163, ]64, 170, 171.
leucoteraa (Barbatula),

45, 457.
leucolaima (Barbatula),

45.
leucolaima (Megalaima),

45.
leucolopha (Musophaga),

444.
leucolophus (Caliech-

thrus), 225, 226.
leucolophus (Corythaix),

444.

ALPnAHETICAI. INDEX.

473

leucolophus (Cuculus),

225.
leucolophus (Eudjrna-

mis), 226.
leucolophus (Hierococ-

cyx), 226.
leucolophus (Siuiotes),

226.
leucolophus (Turacus),

444.
leucomelan (Tricliolse-

ma), 31, 457.
leucomelas (Bucco), 31.
leucoraelas (Ooccyzus),

217.
leucomelas (Lairaodon),

24, 32.
leucomelas (Pogonias),

32.
leucoraelas (Pogonorhjn-

chus), 32.
leuconotus (Bucco), 18.
leucops (Bucco), 204.
leucops (Capito), 204.
leucops (Lyporuix), 204.
leucops (Monasa), 204.
leucops (Taraatia), 204.
leucorhynchus (Bucco),

80.
leucotis (Alcyonides),

175.
leucotis (Barbatula), 37.
leucotis (Bucco), 191.
leucotis (Oaueoias), 175.
leucotis (Corythaix),

436.
leucotis (Galbalcyrbyn-

chus), 175.
leucotis (Indicator), 5.
leucotis (Jacaraaralcyo-

nides), 175.
leucotis (Megalccma), 37.
leucotis (Megalaima),

37.
leucotis (Musophaga),

437.
leucotis (Smilorhis), 37.
leucotis (Tamatia), 191.
leucotis (Turacus), 436.
leucuropyga (Centropus),

351.
levaillanti (Coccvzus),

221.
levaillanti (Cuculus),

221.
levaillanti (Indicator), 5,

6,8.
leraillanti (Melano-

bucco), 20.
levaillanti (Oxylophus\

221.

levaillantii (Bucco), 20.
levaillantii (Pogonias),

20.
levaillantii (Pogonorhyn-

chus), 20.
levaillantii (Rampbas-

tos), 129.
libanoticus (Cuculus),

247.
lichtensteini (Pteroglos-

sus), 159.
lignator (Centropus),

352.
lignatus (Centrococcyx),

352.
Lignobucco, 38.
limborgi (Chrysococcyx),

289.
lineata (Bucco), 78.
lineata (Cyanops), 80.
lineata (Megalasma), 80.
lineata (Megalaima),

80.
lineatus (Bucco), 80.
lineatus (Capito), 80.
lineatus (Cuculus), 244,

268.
Little Barbet 89.
livingstonii (Corythaix),

439.
livingstonii (Turacus),

439.
longicauda (Galbula),

162.
longicauda (Leptostoma),

419.
longicaudatus (Phoenico-

phc-eus), 386.
longipennis (Cuculus),

247.
lucida (Rhinortha), 393.
lucid us (Chalcites), 295,

297.
lucidus (Chrysococcyx),

291, 294, 295, 297.

298, 299, 301.
lucidus (Cuculus), 291,

294, 295, 297, 298,
299.

lucidus (Lamprococcyx),

295, 297, 299.
lucidus (PhoDuicopliaus).

393.
lugubris (Brachyces),

172.
lugubris (Brachvgalba),

171,172.
lugubris (Cacangelus),

227.
lugubris (Cuculus), 227.
lugubris (Galbula), 171.

lugubris (Jacamaral-

cyon), 171.
lugubris (Pulyphasia),

227.
lugubris (Pseudornis),

227.
lugubris (Surniculus),

227.
luteus (Bucco), 89.
luzonensis (Trogon), 31.
Lypornix, 202.

niaclellandi (Megalaima),

80.
macrocercus (Coecyzus),

373.
maerudactylus (Argicus),

187.
macrodactylus (Bucco),

179, 180, 186, 187.
macrodactylus (Capito),

186.

macrodactylus (Cyphos),
186.

macrodactylus (Tamatia),
186.

macrorhyncha (Cory-
thaix)," 441.

macrorhyncha (Muso-
phaga), 442.

macrorhvnchos (Tama-
tia), 183.

macrorhynchus (Bucco),

180, 181, 182, 183.
niacrorhynchus (Capito),

181, 182, 183.
macrorhynchus (Cypbos),

181.

m;icrorhynehu8 (Nothar-
cbus), 181.

macrorhynchus (Tama-
tia), 181.

macrorhynchus (Tura-
cus), 441.

macroura (Galbula),
166.

macroura (Piaya), 373.

macrourus (Geotacco),
426.

macrurus (Centropus),
340.

macrurus (Coccyzus),
374.

macrurus (Cuculus), 212.

macrurus^Pyrrhococcyx),
374.

maculata (Alcetlo), 190.

maculata (Eudynarais),
317.

maculata (Tamatia),
189.

2i

474

maculatus (Bucco), 111,

179, 180, 190, 191.
maculatus (Capito), 190.
maculatus (Ohalcococ-

cyx), 291.
maculatus (Chrysoooc-

cyx), 292.
maculatus (Corydonix),

3.52.
maculatus (Cuculus),

292, 316.
maculatus (Indicator),

9.
maculatus (Lamprococ-

cyx), 292.
maculatus (Nyctiistes),

190.
maculatus (Nystalus),

190.
maculatus (Pteroglossus),

149.
maculatus (Rampbastos),

149.
maculatus (Tamatia),

190.
maculatus (Trogon),

291.
maculicauda (Galbula),

165,
tnaculicollis (Indicator),

8.
maculicoronatus (Capi-
to), 109.
maculirostris (Pteroglos-
sus), 149.
maculirostris (Seleni-

dera), 149, 150.
madagascariensis (Centro-

pus), 351.
madagascariensis (Coccy-

zus), 413.
madagascariensis (Coua),

412, 413.
madagascariensis (Cucu-
lus), 412.
madagascariensis (Seriso-

mus), 413.
magnirostris (Eamphas-

tos), 125.
major (Orotophaga),

428.
major (Indicator), 6, 7,

9, 457.
major (Pogonias), 16.
malabarica (Bucco), 95. "]
malabarica (Megalwma),

95.
malabarica (Megalaima),

95.
malabarica •(Xantholffi-

ma), 95.

ALPHADETICAL IXDEX.

Malacoptila, 179, 193.
malavana (Eudynamis),

317.
malayanus (Chalcococ-

cyx), 298.
malayanus (Ohrysococ-

cyx), 298.
malayanus (Cuculus),

291, 298.
malayanus (Indicator),

4.
malayanus (Lampro-

coccyx), 298.
Malcoha rouverdin,

397.
Malkoha, Le, 395.
margaritaceus (Micro-

pogon), 103.
margaritatus (Bucco),

103.
margaritatus (Capito),

103.
margaritatus (Trachy-

phonus), 103, 104.
margariticus (Capito),

103.
marginata (Saurothera),

419.
marginatus (Geococcyx),

419.
mari® (Pteroglossus),

145.
marshallorum (Mega-

Isema), 52, 53.
masaicum (Tricbolaema),

34.
massaicus (Pogonorbyn-

chus), 34.
maxiinus (Centrococcyx),

345.
maynalensis (Capito),

116.
maynanensis (Capito),

116.
ma\'nardi (Coccyzus),

306.
mecbowi (Cercococcyx),

265.
medius (Centrococcyx)

355.
Diedius (Centropus), 354.
Megalffima, 1.5, 52.
Megalaima, 52.
Megalorbyncbus, 49.
megarbyncbus (Caco-

mantis), 329.
megarbyncbus (Cuculus),

.329.
megarbyncbus (Kbam-

pbomantis), 329.
mehleri (Piaya), 374.

mehleri (Pyrrhococcyx).

374.
melacorypba (Piaya),

307.
Melanobucco, 14, 17.
melanocepbalum (Tri-

cbolsema), 30.
melanocepbalus (Laimo-

don), 30.
raelanoceplialus (Pogo-
nias), 30.
melanocepbalus (Pogono-

rbyncbus), 30.
melanocorypbos (Coccy-
zus), 307.
melauocorypbus (Coccy-
zus), 307.
melanogaster (Coccyzus),

378.
melanogaster (Cuculus),

377.
melanogaster (Pyrrbo-

coccyx), 378.
melanogaster (Pbcenico-

pbaus), 396.
melanogastra (Piaya),

378.
melanogenia (Galbula),

164, 166.
melanognatbus (Cuculus) ,

398.
melanognatbus (Pboeni-

copbaus), 397.
melanoleucos (Bucco),

185.
melanoleucus (Capito),

18.5.
melanoleucus (Ooccystes),

217.
melanoleucus (Coccyzus),

217.
melanoleucus (Cuculus),

217.
melanoleucus (Oxylo-

pbus),217.
melanoleucus (Tamatia),

185.
melanops (Centropus),

365.
melanops (Nesocentor),

365.
melanop3(Pyrrbocentor),

365.
melanopterus (Lainio-

don), 19.
melanopterus (Melano-
bucco), 19.
melanopterus (Pogonias),

19.
melanopterus (Pogono-
rbynchus), 19.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

475

nielanorhyncha (Eudy-

namis), 327.
melanorljjnchus (Centro-

pus), 351.
melanorhynehiis (Ciicu-

lus), 3U7.
melanorhynehus (Piaya),

307.
melanorhynchus (Ptero-

glossus), 135.
melanosterna (Bracby-

cex), 174.
melanosterna (Brachy-

galba), 171, 174.
melanosterna (Galbula),

174.
melanotis (Capito), 115,

191.
melanotis (Tamatia),

lUl.
melanurus (Centropus),

341.
melanurus (Polophilus),

341.
Melias, 395.
Melignothes, 2.
melissophonus (CucuIub),

212.
menbeki (Centropus),

33fi.
menbikii (Centropus),

336.
menebeki (Centropus),

336.
menebeki (Jfesocentor),

336.
menebiki (Centropus),

336, 337.
meriani (Corythai.x),

442.
meriani (Musophaga),

438, 442.
meriani (Turacus), 442.
merlini (Coccyzus), 370.
merlini (Saurothera),

370.
raerulina (Polvphasia),

268.
merulinus (Cacoraantis),

268.
merulinus (Cuculus), 268.
Mesobucco, 15, 85.
mesurus (Coccyzus), 374.
mesurus (Pyrrbococcyx),

374.
metallicus (Cuculus),

295, 297.
mexicarus (Cocc\-zus),
I 374.

I mexicanus (Cuculus),
' 373.

mexicanus (Dromococ-

cyx), 426.
mexicanus (Geococcyx),

419.
mexicanus (Phasianua),

419.
mexicanus (PjTrhococ-

cyx), 374.
mexicanus (Piaya), 374.
meyeri (Chalcites), 293.
meyeri (Chalcoeoccyx),

293.
meveri (Cbrvsococcyx),

293.
meyeri (Laniprocoocj-x),

293.
michieanus (Cuculus),

242.
Microdynamis, 211, 328.
Micromonacha, 179, 199.
Micropogon, 99, 107.
micropterus (Cuculus),

241.
microrhynchus (Ptero-

glossus), 157.
milo (Centropus), 335.
milo (Nesocentor), 335.
mindanensis (Cuculus),

321.
mindanensis (Eudy-

namis), 321.
mindorensis (Centrococ-

cys), 339.
mindorensis (Centropus),

339.
minimus (Indicator), 9.
minor (Coccyzus), 304,

307.
minor (Crotophaga), 430.
minor (Cuculus), 304.
minor (Indicator), 9.
minor (Piaya), 304.
minor (Pogonias), 20.
minor maynardi (Coccy-
zus), 306.
minuta (Barbatula), 40.
minuta (Piava), 378,

379.
minutillus (Chalcites),

299.
minutillus (Chrj'Sococ-

cyx). 298.
minutillus(Oueulus), 298.
minutillus (Lamprococ-

cyx), 298, 299.
minutus (Coccyzu.s), 378.
minutus (PNTrhococcyxl,

379.
Misocalius, 279.
misoriensis (Chalcococ-
CTX), 301.

misoriensiB (Lampro

coccyx), 301.
molkenboeri (Centropus),

354.
moluccensis (Bucco), 67.
moluccensis (Centrococ-

cyx), 3.54.
moluccensis (Centropus),

354.
moluccensis (Megalaima),

67.
Monacba, 179, 202.
monacbus (Centropus),

359.
monacbus (Cuculus), 378.
Monasa, 202.
Monastes, 202.
monosyllabicus (Cuculus),

253.
monticola (Cyanops), 74.
monticolus (Phcenico-

pbasus), 386.
Morococcyx, 422.
morpbeus (Monacba),

203, 204, 205.
morpbeus (Monasa), 205.
morpboeus (Bucco), 204.
muscheubroecki (Sumicu-

lus), 230.
Musophaga, 447.
musophaga (Corythaix),

440.
mu-sopbagus (Turacus),

441.
mvstacalis (Malacoptila),

'196.
mystacalis (Monasa), 196.
mvstacophanes (Bucco),

72.
mystacophanes (Choto-

rhea), 72.
mystacophanes( Cyanops),

72.
mystacophanes (Mega-
lama), 72.
mystacophanes (Mega-
laima), 72.
mystacophanos (Mega-
'l»ma), 72.

nrevia (Pinya\ 424.
nsvius (Capito), 111.
nsEvius (Coccyzus), 424.
n«vius (Cuculus), 423.
naevius (Diplopterus),

423, 424.
nanus (Bucco), 89.
nanus (Hierococcyx), 238.
napensis (Bucco), 182.
napensis (Notharchus),

182.

2l2

476

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

nataleneis (Centropus),

362, 460.
nattereri (Pteroglossus),

151.
nattereri (Seleniclera),149,

151.
nebulosa (Obotorbea).

72.
neglectus (Cuculns), 294.
Neomorphus, 415.
nesiotes (C'occyzus), 304.
Nesocentor, 3.'31.
Nesococcyx, 302.
Nicoclarius, 211, 240.
niger (Bucco), 31, 111.
niger (Capito), 111, 113.
niger (Cuculus), 203, 277,

316.
niger (Eudynamis), 322,

323.
niger (Gymnopus), 277.
niger (Lsemodon), 32.
niger (Pogonias), 32.
niger (Pogonorhynchus),

32.
niger (Polyphagia), 277.
nigra (Eiidynamis), 317.
nigra (Mouacha), 202,

203.
nigricans (Centropus),

339.
nigricans (Coccystes), 260.
nigricans (Cuculus), 260.
nigricans (Polopliilus),

339.
nigricans (Surniculus),

260.
nigricrissa (Piaya), 374.
nigricrissa (Pyrrhococ-

cyx), 374.
nigridens (Pteroglossus),

145.
nigril'rons (Bucco), 206.
nigrifrons (Centropus),

365.
nigrifrons (Monacha),

203, 206.
nigrifrons (Monasa), 206.
nigrifrons (Nesocentor),

365.
nigrifusca (Malacoptila),

194.
nigrirostris (Andigena),

133, 134, 135, 136.
nigrirostris (Crotophaga),

432.
nigrirostris (Ptero-
glossus), 135.
nigrithorax (Bucco), 24.
nigrithorax (LaimodonX

24.

nigrithorax (Pogonias),
24.

nigrithorax (Pogono-
rhynchus), 24.

nigritorques (Malaco-
ptila), 194.

nigriventris (Phoenico-
phaus), 390.

nigrorufus (Centropus),
357.

nigrorufus(Cuculus),357.

nisicolor (Cuculus), 237.

nisicolor (Hierococcyx),
237.

Nisocalius, 279.

nisoides (Hierococcyx),
235.

nitens (Cuculus), 295.

Nonnula, 179, 199.

Notharchus, 179.

Wothriscus, 179.

noTEe-hoUandiae (Scy-
throps), 330.

nuchalis (Cyanops), 74.

nuchalis(Megal8ema), 74.

nuchalis (Megalaima), 74.

nuchalis (Pteroglossus),
141.

Nystactes, 179.

Nystalus, 179.

Nystastes, 107.

occidentalis (Coccyzus),

311.
occidentalis (Hetero-

scenes), 261.
occidentalis (Indicator),

10.
Octopterys, 433.
olivacea (Barbatula), 49.
olivaceiceps (Coua), 41 1.
olivaceiceps (Sericoso-

mus), 411.
olivaceum (Stactoloema),

49.
Ololygon, 265.
oorti (Bucco), 71.
oorti (Cyanops), 71.
oorti (Megaloema), 71.
oorti ( Alegalaima), 67, 71.
Opa-tiius, 436.
optatus (Cuculus), 253.
optatus(Nicoclarius),253.
ordi (Bucco), 180, 184.
ordi (Notharchus), 184.
ordi (Tamatia), 184.
orientalis (Cuculus), 316,

322, 324.
orientalis (Eudynaniis),

316, 322, 323, 324, 326.

327.

ornatus (Phoenicophaus),

404.
osculans (Chrysococcys),

279.
osculans (Cuculus), 279.
osculans (Rharaphastos),

124, 131.
Oxylophus, 211.

Pachycoccyx, 210, 224.
pacbyrbynclius (Meli-

gnothes), 9.
pallescens (Coccyzus),374.
pailescens (Pyrrho-

coccyx), 374.
pallescens (Monacha),

203, 206.
pallescens (Monasa), 206.
pallida (C'olumba), 261.
pallidirostris (Indicator),

5.
palhdirostris(Scbizorhis),

453.
pallidas (Cacomantis),

261.
paUidus (Cuculus), 261.
pallidus (Heteroscenes),

261.
palliolatus (Cuculus), 279,

301.
palliolatus (Misocalius),

279.
panamensis (Bucco), 196.
panamensis (Capito), 196.
panamensis (Chaunor-

nis), 196.
panamensis (Malaco-
ptila), 193, 196, 197.
panamensis jcquatorialis

(Malacoptila), 197.
panamensis costaricensis

(Malacoptila), 19H.
panamensis uivstacalis

(Malacoptila), 'l97.
panamensis poliopsis

(Malacoptila), 196.
panamensis typica (Mala-
coptila). 196.
panayan us (Cuculus), 321.
paradisea (Alcedo), 162.
paradisea (Gulbula), 162.
paradisea (Urocex), 162.
paradisea (Urogalba),

l(i2, 163.
paradisea amazonum

(Urogalba), 163.
parva (Megalaima), 89.
parva (Microdynamis),-

328.
parva (Urodynamis), 328. ■
parvus (Barbatula), 40.

ALl'UABKTICAL INDEX.

477

parvus (Bucco), 39, 42,

89.
passerina (Polyphasia),

277.
passerinus (Cacomantis),

277.
passerinus (Cuculus),

277.
passerinus (Ololvgon),

277.
pa.itaz8e (Galbula), 164,

108.
paulina (Corythais), 444.
paulina (Alusophaga),

444.
pavoninua (Aulacorham-

phus), 157.
pavoninus (Diplopterus),

427.
pavoninus (Dromococ-

cy.\), 427.
pavoninus (Pteroglossus),

157.
pectoralis (Buceo), 180,

184.
pectoralis (Capito), 184.
pectoralis (Hierococcyx),

237.
pectoralis (Bampha'stos),

133.
pectoralis (Tamatia),

184.
peli (Gymnobucco),34.
peli (Gymnocranus), 34.
peninsula (Cuculus),

247.
Penthoceryx, 240.
perlatus (Cuculus), 314.
persa (Corythais), 437,

442.
persa (Cuculus), 437,

440.
persa (Musophaga), 437,

440.
persa (Op«!thus), 440,

453.
persa (Spelectos), 438.
persa (Turacus), 437, 441,

442.
personata (Chizoerhis),

455.
personata (Coliphimus),

4.').").
personata (Gviunoschizo-

rhis), 4.".."..'
personata (Musophaga),

455.
personata (Sehizorhis),

455, 45(5.
personata (Turacus).

455.

personata (Monasa),

204.
personatus (Bucco), 2B.
personatus (Pogonias),

24.
peruana (Monacha), 203,

205.
peruana (Monasa), 205.
peruvianus (Bucco), 113.
peruvianus (Capito),

112. 11.3.
peruvianus(Micropogon),

11.3.
Petit Barbu, 89.
Petit Coucou de I'lsle

Panay, 2r>8.
Petit Coucou des Indes,

262.
Petit Indicateur, 9.
phiBolitmus (Aulaco-

rhaiiiphus), 157, 158.
phaeosticta (Chotorhea),

76.
phaeostriata (Cyanops),

76, 458.
phjeostriata (Megalaema),

76.
phaioleucos (Monaca),

200.
phaioleucos (Monasa),

200.
phaiopterus (Cuculus),

212,213.
phaiosticta (Megalaitna),

76.
phasianellus (Coccyzus),

42(;.
phasianellus (Diplo-
pterus), 426.
phasianellus (Dromo-

coccyx). 426.
ph-isianellu8 (Macropus),

426.
phasianus (Ceutropus),

340.
phasianuB (Corvdonix),

340.
phiisianus (Cuculus),

340.
phasianus (Polophilus),

.340.
pliilippensis (Bucco),

97.
philippensi.s (Centropus),

343.
philippensis (Cuculus),

344.
piiilippensi8(MegaUenia),

89.
philippensi9(Megalaima),

89.

philippensis (Xanlho-

loema), 89.
philippinensis (Bucco).

89.
Phiinus, 447.
Phoenicophaes, 368, 395.
Phoenicophaus, 395.
Piayu, 367, 373.
pica (Coccystes), 218.
pica (Cuculus), 217.
picatus (Bucco), 180,

186.
picatus (Eudynauiis),

324, 326.
picatus (Nothriscus),

186.
pictus (Bucco), 116.
pictus (Capito). 116.
pictus (Eubuceo), 116.
Pigeon ramier gris et

verdi'itre, 2.56.
Pignan-Coin, Le, 132.
piperivora (Selenidera),

148. 149, 152.
Piperivorus, 148.
piperivorus (Pteroglos-
sus), 152.
piperivorus (Ramphas-

tos), 152.
Piririgna, 434.
piririgua (Crotophagal,

434.
piririgua (Guira), 434.
Pisan Cuckow, 212.
pisanus (Coccystes),

212.
pisanus (Coccyzus), 212.
pisanus (Cuculus), 212.
piscivorus (Rauiphaa-

tos), 12.5. 126.
plagosus (Chalciles), 297.
plagosus (Chalcococcyx),

297.
plaeosus (ChrvBOcoccvx),

291.
plagosus (Cuculus). 297.
plagosus(Laniprococcyx),

297.
plagosus (Lampromor-

phus), 291.
Plant-cutter, Abyssinian,

22.
platvrhvncha (Lampro-

tiia),"l7t>.
pluricinctus fPterogloB-

sus), 1;K 139, 140.
phivi.ilis (Coccyzus), 369,

372.
pluvialis (Cuculus). 372.
pluvialis (Hyetomantis),

372.

478

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

pluvialis (Hyetornis),

372.
pluvialis (Piaya), 372.
pluvialis (Ptiloleptis),

372.
poecilosternus (Ptero-

glossus), 139, 140.
poeoiluroides (Chalco-

coccyx), 301.
poeciluroides (Lampro-

coccyx), 29(3, 301.
poecilurus (Cbalcites),

299.
poecil ur us (Chalcococcyx) ,

299.
poecilurus (Chrysococ-

cyx), 299.
poecilurus (Cuculus),

299.
poecilurus (Lamprococ-

cyx), 299.
poeppigii (Pteroglossus),

148.
Pogonias, 15.
Pogonorbamphus, 15.
Pogonorhynchus, 13,

15.
poliocepbalus (Cuculus),

255, 256.
poliocepbalus (Hierocoo-

cyx), 256.
Poliococcyx, 384.
poliogaster (Cuculus),

261.
poliogaster (Nicoclarius),

261.
poliopsis (Malacoptila),

196, 197.
poliurus (■Cbalcococcyx),

296.
poliurus (Lamprococcyx),

296.
Polopbilus, 331.
Polypbasia, 265.
Polysticte, 99.
porphyreolopbus (Cory-

tbaix), 446, 447.
porpbyreolopbus (Galli-

rex), 446.
porpbyreolopbus (Muso-

pbaga), 446.
porpbyreolopbus (Tura-

cus), 446, 447.
prcesagus (Cuculus), 330.
prsesagus (Scytbrops),

330.
prasinus (Aulacorbam-
pbus), 154, 156, 157,
458.
prasinus (Pteroglossus),
156.

pravata (Cuculus), 263.
pravatus (Cacoiuaniis),

263.
pravatus (Pentboceryx),

263.
prionulus (Cuculus),

266.
proditor (Indicator), 7.
proditor (Prodotes), 7.
Prodotes, 2.
Prodotiscus, 11.
Promepic, Le, 100.
Pseudobuceo, 98.
Pseudof'ringilla, 2.
Pseudornis, 226.
Pseudospiza, 2.
Psilopogon, 15, 98.
Psittaeeous Hornbill,

330.
Pteroglossus, 123, 137.
Ptiloleptus, 433.
pucberani (Cultrides),

417.
pucberani (Neomorpbus),

417.
pulcberrima (Cyanops),

69.
pulcberrima(Megala>ma),

69.
pulmentum (Bucco), 180,

189.
pulmentum (Cbaunor-

nis), 189.
pulmentum (Nyctactcs),

189.
pulmentum (Tamatia),

189.
purailus (Centropus),

354.
pumilus (Coccyzus), 313.
punctatus (Bucco), 112.
punctatus (Capito),

112.
punctatus (Cuculus), 322,

323.
punctatus (Eudynamis),

322, 326.
punctulatus (Coccvzus),

424.
punctulatus (Cuculus),

424.
purpuratus (Capito),

106.
purpuratus (Traebypbo-

nus), 106, 107.
purpurea (Musopbaga),

438.
purpurens (Centropus),

348, 349.
purpureus (Corythaix),
438.

purpureus (Turacus),

438.
pusilla (Barbatula), 39,

40.
pusilla (Megalaima),

40.
pusillus (Bucco), 39.
pygraseus (Centropus),

'352.
pyrolojaba (Megalaima),

98.
pyrolopbus (Pseudo-
buceo), 98.
pyrolopbus (Psilopogon),

98.
pyrommatus (Cuculus),

277.
pyropyga (Coua), 410.
pyropyga (Sericosomus),

410.
Pyrosterna, 137.
Pyrrhocentor, 331.
pyrrbocepbalus (Cucu-
lus), 395.
pyrrbocepbalus (Melias),

395.
pyrrbocepbalus (Pboeni-

copbaes), 395.
pyrrliocepbalus (Phoeni-

copbfeu.s), 395.
Pyrrbococcyx, 373.
pyrrbolfema (Malaco-
ptila), 198.
pyrrboleucus (Corvdo-

nix), 361.
pyrrbopbanes (Cuculus),

266.
pvrrbopbanus (Cuculus),

" 266.
pyrrbopterus (Centro-
pus), 344.
pjrrbonterus (Corydo-

nix),'349.
pyrrbopterus (Coccyzus),

308.
pyrrbopygia (Coua),
410.

quadricolor (Bucco), 72,

85.
quadricolor (Galbula),

164, 165.
quadricolor (Megalaima),

72,8.5.
querulus (Cacomantis),

269.
quinticolor (Capito),

111.
quopopa (Polvsticte),

100.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

479

radcIifSi (Indicator), 3.
ratliiitus (Bucco), 180,

192.
radiaUis (Calobates),

414.
radiatus (Carpococcyx),

414.
radiatus (Cuculiis), 232.
radiatus (Neomorphua),

415.
radiatus (Nystalus), 192.
radiceus (Calobates),

4!4.
radiceus (Carpococcyx),

414.
radiolosus(Neomorphus),

418.
rafflesii (Bucco), 59.
rafflesii (XanthoIiBma),

90.
rafflesius (Bucco), 89.
rafflesius (Megalaima),

89.
Eampliastnides, 148.
Ramphastos, 121.
Eampbodryas, 124.
Ramphomelus, 133.
Rauiphoiantbus, 153.
ramsayi (Cyanops), 70.
ranisayi (Megalfetna),

70.
ransomi (Eudyiiamis),

323.
Razor-billed Blackbird,

429.
rectunguis (Centrococ-

eyx), 343.
rectunguis (Centropus),

343, 353, 354.
Redcrown Barbet, 93.
regalis (Pteroglossus),

141.
regius (Cuculua), 448.
regulus (Indicator), 11.
regulus (Prodotiscus),

11.
reichenowi (Turacus),

440.
reinwardtii (Pteroglos-
sus), 151.
reinwardtii (Selenidera),

149, 151.
respleudens (Clirysococ-

cyx), 283.
resplendens (Lanipro-

cocoyx), 283.
revnaudii (Coecvzus),

'407.
reynaudii (Coua), -JOT.
rfvnnudii (.*priro8onuis\

407.

rhamphastinus (Tetra-

gonops), 120.
Rhamphastos, 123, 124.
Riiaiupliococcyx, 3(18.
Rhiuuphomautis, 211,

329.
Rhiuoooccyx. 308. 397.
Rhinortha, 308, 392.
Rhopodytes, 368, 384.
riehardsoni (Capito),

114,115.
richardsoui (Eubucco),

114.
ridibunda (Piaya), 373.
ridibundus (Coccyzu.s),

373.
ridibundus (Cuculus),

373.
ridibundus (Ptilopterus),

374.
rocbii (Cuculus), 256.
rollesi (Rhamphomantis),

328.
rolleti (Erythrobucco),

17.
rolleti (Pogonias), 17.
rolleti(Pogonorhynchu9) ,

17.
rosaceicollis (Capito),

97.
rosea (Megalaima), 97.
rosea (XantholiEma), 96,

97.
roseicollis (Bucco), 97.
roseus (Buccn), 96.
rossK (Musopbaga), 448.
rubecula (Bucco), 200.
rubecula (Lvpornix),

200.
rubecula (Malacoptila),

200.
rubecula (Monasa), 200.
rubecula (Nonnula), 199,

200.
rubecula (Scotocharis),

200.
rubeculus (Cuculus),

258.
rnbescens (Pogonias),

26.
rubicon (Pogonias), 26.
rubiculus (Suruiculus),

258.
rubicundus (Cuculus),

373.
rubraruuis (OxvlopUus),

215.
rubricapilla (Megalaima).

93.
rubricapilU (Xantho-

Uwnn\ ft).

rubricapillus (Bucco),

93.
rubricapillus (Capito),

93.
rubricollis (Bucco), 89.
rubricoUis (Capito),

111.
rubricollis (Galbula),

164.
rubrifrons (Bucco), 39.
rubrifrons (Capito), 30.
rubri t'l'ons (Megalaima),

89.
rubrifrons (Pogonias),

22.
rubrirostris (Coccyzus),

380.
rufa (Lypornix), 194,

193.
ru'a (Malacoptila), 193,

194.
rufa (Monasa), 194.
rufa (Scotocbaris), 194.
rufalbiuus (Cuculus),

200.
rufescens (Anadtenus),

393.
rufescens (Rhinortha),

393.
ruficapilla (Coccyzus),

424.
ruficapilla (Lypornix),

200.
ruficapilla (Monasa),

200.
ruficapilla (Malacoptila),

•200.
ruficapilla (Nonnula),

199. 200, 201.
ruficapilla (Scotocharis),

200.
ruficauda (Anadaenus),

393.
ruficauda (Galbula), 164.

165, 166, 167.
ruflceps (^Coua), 407,

410.
rutiocps (^Sericosomus),

411.
riificcrvix (Capito),

192.
ruficollis (Bucco), 180.

187. 188.
ruficollis (Capito), 187.
ruficollis vCbalcococcyx),

.S(K1,
rufiixjllis (Chaunornis),

187.
nificollis (Cuculua). 244.
ruficollis (Hvpnelus).

Is7.

480

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

ruflcolHs (Lamprococ-

cjx), 300.
rufifrons (Bucco), 32.
rufigularis (Diplopterus),

426.
rufigularis (Dromococ-

cyx), 426.
rufinus (Centropus),

352.
rufinus (Corydonix), 352.
rufinus (Cuculus), 352.
rufipennis (Centrococ-

cyx), 344.
rufipennis (Centropus),

344, 349.
rufipennis (Cultrides),

418.
rufipennis (Neomor-

phus), 418.
rufiventer (Cuculus),

325.
rufiventer (Eudynamis),

323, 325, 326.
rufiventris (Polyphasia),

269.
rufiventris (Cacomantis),

269.
rufoviridis (Cuculus),

268.
rufoviridis (Galbula),

164, 165.
rufoTittatus (Cuculus),

263.
rufulus (Cuculus), 266.
rufus (AnadiEnus), 393.
rufus (Bucco), 194.
rufus (Cuculus), 247.
rufus (Polophilus), 352.
rugirostra (Crotophaga),

430.
russata (Chrysoeoccyx),

299.
russatus (Chalcites), 299.
russatus (Cuculus), 299.
rutila (Coccyzusa), 379.
rutila (Piaya), 379.
rutilus (Coccyzus), 378.
rutilus (Cuculus), 378.
rutilus (PyrrLococcyx),

379.

sakalava (Centropus),

351.
salmoni (Braehygalba),

171, 173.
saltii (Bucco), 22.
saltii (Laimodon), 23.
ealtii (Pogonias), 23.
saltii (Pogonorhynchus),

salvini (Capito), 119.

salvini (Neomorphus),

417.
sanguinolentus (Calo-

rhamphus), 50.
sanguinolentus (Mega-

lorhynchus), 51.
sanguineus (Pteroglos-

sus), 138, 143.
satnratus (Cuculus), 253.
Saurothera, 367, 369.
Savanna Blackbird, 430.
savorgnani (Centropus),

359.
scLalovri (Corytbaix),

439.
Schizorbis, 4.50.
schomburgki (Chryso-
eoccyx), 292.
schomburgki (Cuculus),

292.
schuetti (Corytbaix),

441.
schuetti (Turacus), 441.
scolopacea (Barbatula),

47.
scolopacea (Bucco), 47.
scolopacea (Megalsema),

47.
scolopacea (Megalaima),

47.
scolopacea (Xylobucco),

47.
scolopaceiis (Cuculus),

316.
Scotocharis, 202.
Scythrops, 211,329.
Selenidera, 123, 148.
semisulcata(Crotopbaga),

432.
senegalensis (Centropus),

358, 359, 360, 361.
senegalensis (Corydonix),

361.
senegalensis (Corytbaix),

438.
senegalensis (Cuculus),

360.
senegalensis (Muso-

phaga), 450.
senegalensis (Pogonias),

26.
seuegalensis(Polopbilus),

361.
senex (Melanobucco), 22.
senex (Pogonorhynchus),

22.
seniculus (Coccystes),

304.
seniculus (Coccyzus), 304.
seniculus (Cuculus), 304,

307.

seniculus(Erythrophrys),

senilis (Capito), 194.
septorum (Coccyzus),

424.
sepulcralis (Cacomantis),

273, 274.
sepulcralis (Cuculus),

268, 273.
Sericosoraus, 405.
serratoides (Coccyzus),

217.
serratoides (Oxylophus),

217.
serratus (Coccvstes), 218,

223, 224, 260, 459.
serratus (Coccyzus), 217,

223.
serratus (Cuculus), 217,

223.
serratus (Oxylophus),

217,223,260.
eerriana (Coua), 408.
serrianus (Sericosomus),

408.
serrisiana (Coua), 408.
Serisomus, 405.
sex-notatus (Aulaco-

rhamplius), 158.
shelleyi (Tracbyphonus),

103.
Shining Cuckoo, 295.
simplex (Barbatula), 49.
Siraotes, 225.
simus (Cuculus). 276.
simus (Cacomantis), 276.
sinensis (Centrococcyx),

344.
sinensis (Centropu8),343,

344.
sinensis (Polophilus),

343.
sirkee (Centropus), 381.
sirkee (Phoenicophaes),

382.
sirkee (Taccocua), 381,

382.
sirkee (Zanclostomus),

381.
sirki (Acentetus), 382.
sirki (Taccocua), 382.
smaragdinensis(Cuculu8),

281.
smaragdineus (Chalcites),

281.
smaragdineus (Chryso-
eoccyx), 280.
smaragdineus (Cuculus),

281.
smaragdinus (Chalcococ-

eyx), 292.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

481

sinaragdinus (Oiirysococ-

cyx), li9l.
smanigdinus (Cuculus),

292.
smanigclinus (Lampro-

coccyx), 291.
Smilorhis, 14, 36.
Society Cuckoo, 314.
Bolitiin'us (Cuculus),

258.
Bomnolenta (Tainatia),

190.
somnoleutus (Bucco),

190.
sonnerati (Cacomantis),

2G3.
sonnerati (Cuculus), 262,

274.
sonnerati (Penthoceryx),

263.
sonnerati (Polyphasia),

263.
sparmanni (Indicator),

5,9.
eparverinus (Hierococ-

cyx), 232.
sparveroidea (Cuculus),

232.
sparveroides (Hierococ-

cyx), 232, 237.
epectabilis (Selenidera),

148, 149, 153.
Spelectos, 436.
spilopterus (Centropus),

338, 339.
spilopterus (Nesocentor).

339.
spilopterus (Polopliilus),

339.
spilorhynclius (Andi-

gena), 134, 136.
8pinosu.s (Megalorhyn-

chus), 50.
splendidus (Chrysococ-

cyx), 281,293.
Spotted Curucui, 291.
sqiiainatus (Capito), 1 10.
squamatus (Pogonorhyn-

chus), 27.
squaniiceps (Capito),

10.5.
squainiceps (Trachy-

pli(.nu>\ 104, 105.
Staclola-nia. 14, 48.
steerii (Capito), 116.
stellata (Megalainia), 47.
stellatus (Bucco), 47.
stephensii (Pogonias),

32.
stictithorax (Indicator),

stigmatothorax (Pogono-

rliynciius), 29.
stigmatothorax (Tricho-

Isenia), 29.
storinsi (Cuculus), 256.
strenuus (Cuculus),

232.
strenuus (Hierococcyx),

232.
striata (Lypornis), 195.
striati pectus (Bucco),

180, 190.
striatipectus (Nystalu.s),

190.
striatus (Bucco), 195.
striatus (Capito), 195.
striatus (Cuculus), 242,

247, 252.
strigilatus (Bucco), 191.
striolatua (Bucco), 180,

192.
striolatus (Capito),

192.
striolatus (Nystalus),

192.
eturmi (Pteroglossus),

138, 144.
suahelicus (Trachypbo-

nus), 102.
substriata (Malacoptila),

193, 198.
subsulpburea (Barba-

tula), 46.
subsulpburea (Bucco),

4(').
subsulpburea (Mega-

la;raa), 45.
subsulpburea (Mega-

laima), 47.
subsulpburea (Xylo-

bucco), 45.
Bub.sulpbureus (Capito),

4<).
subsulphureus (Trachy-

pboiius"), 46.
subtectus (Bucco), 180,

186.
subtectus (Notbriscus),

186.
sulcata (Crotopbaga),

432.
sulcatus (Aulacorbani-

pbus), 153. 154, 155.
sulcatus (Pteroglossus),

154, 15G.
Bulcirostris (Crotopbaga),

432.
sulcirostris (Pogonias),

16.
sulfuratu.^ (Rampbastos).

125.

sulphuratus (Mioropo-

gon), 100.
Bulpbureus (Capito),

114.
suniatranus (Cuculus),

391, 393.
sumatranus (Melias),

391.
sumatranus (Phoenico-

phaus), 390, 391.
sumatranus (Poliococ-

cyx), 391.
sumatranus (Rbopo-

dytes), 391.
sumatranus (Zanclosto-

mus), 391.
Euperciliosus (Centro-
pus), 351, 359, 360,

362, 363.
superciliosus (Dasylo-

pbus), 403, 404.
superciliosus (Malcoha),

404.
superciliosus (Melias),

404.
superciliosus (Pboenico-

phaus), 403.
Surniculus, 210. 226.
surniculus (Coccyzus),

307.
swainsoni (Bucco), 180,

183.
swainsoni (Capito), 183.
swainsoni (Notharchus),

183.
swainsoni (Rampbastos),

127, 128.
Bwainsoni (Tamatia),

183.
swiuboei (Cuculus), 242.
swinhoii (Cuculus), 253.
sykeei (Megalaema), 84.

Taceocua, 368,381.
tahitiensis (Eudynamis),

314.
taliitius (Cuculus), 314.
tabitius (Eudvnamis),

314.
tabitius (Eudvnamvs),

314,
tiiitensis (Cuculus), 314.
taitensis (Eudvnamis),

314.
taitiensis (Cuculus), 314.
tuitiensis (Eudynamis),

314.
taitiensis (Eudyoamya),

313.
taitiensis (Urodvnamifl),

314.

482

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Tait-sou, 406.
tamajac (Tamatia), 190.
Tamatia, 99, 179.
tamatia (Bucco), 179,

180, 188, 189.
tamatia (Capito), 189.
tamatia (Nyctactes),

189.
tamatia (Tamatia), 189.
Tamatia a collier, Le,

180.
Tamatia a gorge rousse,

189.
Tamatia a plastron noir,

181.
Tamatia a plastron noir,

Petit, 185.
Tamatia a tete et gorge

rouges. 111.
Tamatia brun, Lb, 193.
Tamatia, Le, 188.
Tamatia noir et blanc,

Le plus petit, 185.
Tamatia noir et blane,

Le plus grand, 181.
tamsuicus (Ouculus),

■25(1.
tecticauda (Centropus),

352.
tectus (Nothriscus). 185.
tectus (Bucco), 179, 180,

185, 186.
lelephonus (Cuculus),

247.
temrainckii (Cuculug),

297.
temminckii (Ramphas-

tos), 132.
tenebrio(Monasa), 207.
tenebrosa (Brachypetes),

208.
tenebrosa (Chelidoptera),

207, 208.
tenebrosa (Lypornix),

207, 208.
tenebrosa (Monasa), 207,

208.
tenebrosus (Bucco), 208.
tenebrosus (Capito), 208.
tenebrosus (Cuculus),

207.
tenuirostris (Cacoman-

tis), 269, 277.
tenuirostris (Cuculus),

234, 244, 253, 277.
tenuirostri8(Nicoclarius),

256.
tenuirostris (Ololygon),

263,269.
tenuirostris (Polvphasia),
269, 277.

Tetragonops, 15, 120.
thermophila (Piaya),

374.
Three-toed Grosbeak, 22.
threnodes (Cacomantis),

268.
threnodes (Cuculus),

269.
Tingaru, 373.
Tipped Cuckow, 279.
ToRan a collier jaune,

Le. 129.
Tocan, Le, 128.
Tocard, Le, 127.
tocard (Ramphastos),

127.
tocard (Rhamphastos),

124, 127, 128.
Toco, Le, 125.
toco (Rhamphastos),

124.
tolu (Centropus), 350,

354.
tolu (Corvdonix), 351.
tolu (Cuculus), 3,50.
tolu (Polophilus), 350.
tombacea (Galbula), 164,

167, 168.
torquata (Lypornix), 193,

195.
torquata (Malacoptila),

193, 195.
torquata (Monasa), 195.
torquatus (Bucco), 24,

195.
torquatus (Buccotrogon),

98.
torquatus (Cuculus),

416.
torquatus (Melanobucco),

24, 457.
torquatus (Pogonorhyn-

ehus), 24, 25.
torquatus (Pteroglossus),

13s 141, 143. 458.
torquatus (Ramphastos),

141.
Toucan a collier de Cay-
enne, 152.
Toucan a gorge blanche

de Cayenne, 128.
Toucan a gorge orange,

Le grand, 130.
Toucan a ventre gris de

Caj-enne, 152.
Toucan a ventre rouge,

Le Grand, 132.
Toucan a ventre rouge,

Le Petit, 133.
Toucan de Cayenne,
appelle Toco, 124.

Toucan verd du Bresil,

138.
Toulou, 350.
toulou (Centropus), 350,

351.
toulou (Cuculus), 350.
toulou (Polophilus), 350.
Touraco, 435, 436.
Touraco Buffon, 438.
Touraco d'Abyssinie,

436.
Touraco-Geant, 449.
Touraco Musophaga, Le,

450.
Touraco violet ou

Masque, 448.
Touracou de Guinee,

440.
Touracou du Cap da
Biinne Esperance, 440.
Touracou Louri, 440.
Tracbyphonus, 15, 99.
tranquiUa (Lypornix),

203.
tranquiUa (Monasa), 203.
tranquillus (Ouculus),

203.
Tricholeema, 14, 23.
tricolor (Phoenicophaeus),

397.
tridactyla (Galbula),

174.
tridactyla (Jacamaral-

cyon), 174, 175.
tridactyla (Loxia), 22.
tridactyla (Phvtoloma),

22
tridactylus (Cauax), 174.
trimaculata ( Mesalaiiua ),

85, 87.
trimaculatus (Bucco), 85.
tristis (Bucco), 56.
tristis (Cuculus), 247.
tristis (Galbula), 172.
tristis (Melias). 386.
tristis (Phoenicophaes),

386.
tristis (Phcenicophaus),

386. 390.
tristis (Rhopodytes), 386.
tristis (Zanelostomus),

386, 389.
tschudii (Capito), 1 17.
tymbonomus (Caco-
mantis), 272, 273.
tymbonomus (Cuculus),

272, 273.
typica (Coua cristata),

409.
tvpicus fCou.-i nigrioeps),
■ 411.

ALPHA BKTICAL IXDKX.

483

Tucai, 133.

tucai (Ramphastos),

133.
Tucaius, 124.
Tucano, \'25.
Tucamis, 124.
tuoanuB (Ramphastos),

125, 128.
Turacus, 435.

uloconius (Pteroglossiis),

148.
undatus (Bucco), 27.
undatus (Laimodon),

27.
undatus (Melanobucco),

27.
undatus (Pogonias), 27.
undatus (Pogonorhyn-

chus), 27.
undulatus (Bucco), 27.
unicolor (Lypornix),

206.
unideutatus (Laimodon),

32.
unidentatus (Pogonias),

32.
unirufus (Centropus),

367.
unirufus (Pyrrhocentor),

SG7.
unitorques (Malacoptila),

194.
unitorques (Monasa),

194.
Urocex, 162.
Urococcyx, 368, 398.
Urodynamis, 211, 313.
Urogalba, 161, 162.
uropygialis (Barbatula),

41.
uropvgialis (Megalaima),

4L

vagans (Cuculus), 236.
vagans (Hierococcj-x),

237.
vaillantii (Capito), 101.
vaillanti (Coccyzus), 221.
vaillantii (Oxvlophus),

221.
vaillantii (Trac-bvpho-

nus), 100.
validus (Cuculus), 225.
validus (Centrococcys),

344.
validus (Pachycoccyx),

225.

Variable Warbler, 29.").
varigetuta (Mu.sopliaga),

4.")0.
varicgatuB (Centropus),

340.
variegatus (Chizoerhis),

4.")1.
variegatus (Corydonix),

340.
variegatus (Corythaix),

4.-)l.
variegatus (Cuculus),

2t; 1.321.
variegatus (Indicator),

7,8.
variegatus (Polophilus),

340.
Varit'te du Coucou

Edolio, 221.
variolosus (Cacomantis),

272.
variolosus (Cuculu.s),

272.
varius (Hierococcyx),

234.
varius (Cuculus), 234.
velox (Cuculus), 419.
velox (Geococcyx), 419.
velutinus (Surniculus),

227, 230.
Venetou, Le, 168.
venustus (Cuculus), 263.
vera;-paci3 (Malacoptila),

197.
verreauxi (CnuaV 410.
verreauxi (Musophaga),

442.
verreauxi (Sericosomus),

411.
versicolor (Bucco), 69,

116.
versicolor (Capito), 116.
versicolor (Cbotorhea),

59.
versicolor (Cuculus), 295,

297.
versicolor (Cyanops),

59.
versicolor (Megalicma),

59.
versicolor (Megalaima),

59.
versicolor (Sylvia), 29.5.
versicolor (Trachvplio-

nus), 102.
vetula (Cuculus), 370.
vetula (Saurothera), 370,

371.
vetulus (Coccyzus),

370.

vetulus (Cuculus), 369.
vieillnti (Laimodon), 26.
vieilloti (Melanobucco),

26.
vieilloti (Pogonias), 26.
vieilloti (Pogonorhyn-

cluis), 26.
vieilloti (Saurothera),

371.
violacea (Musophaga),

448.
violaceus (Centropus),

337.
violaceus (Nesocentor),

337.
violaceus (Phimus), 448.
virens (Bucco), 52.
virens (Megalama), 52,

53.
virens (Megalaima), 52,

53.
virescens (Cacomantis),

274.
virescens (Coccyzus),

412.
virescens (Cuculus),

274.
viridicauda (Galbula),

164.
viridirostris (Melias),

385.
viridirostris (Phoenico-

pbaus), 385, 393.
viridirostris (Piaya),

;;74.

viridiro.stris (Rbopo-

dytes), 385.
viridirostris (Zanclosto-

nius), 385.
viridirufus (Phoenico-

phaus), 397.
viridis (Bucco), 77, 80,

83.
viridis (Carpococcyr),

415.
viridis (Centrococcyx),

349.
viridis (Centropus), 344,

349. 352.
viridis (Chotorbea), 81.
viridis (Corydonix). 349.
viridis (Cuculus), 349.
viridis (Cvanops), 83.
viridis (Galbula), 163.

164, 1C.5, 166.
viridis (Megalaema), 80,

84.
viridis (Megalaima), 83.
viridis (Phcenicophacus),

398.

484

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

viridis (Phoenicophaus),

397.
viridis (Polophilus), 349.
viridis (Pteroglossus),

138, 147, 148.
viridis (Ramphastos),

147.
vitellinus (Ramphastos),

132.
vitellinus (Rhamphastos),

124, 132.

wagleri (Aulaoorham-

phus), 154,157.
wagleri (Pteroglossus),

157.
Warbler, Variable, 295.
whitelyanus (Aulaco-

rliarapluis), 154. 156.
wiedi (Pteroglossus),

137, 139.
Woodpecker, Yellow, 111.

Xantholaema, 15, 88.
xanthonota (P.seudo-

spiza), 3.
xanthonotus (ludicator),

3.
xanthonotus (Pseudo-

fringilla), 3.
xanthorhynchus (Chal-

cites), 289,291.
xanthorhynchus (Chal-

cocoecyx), 289.
xanthorhynchus (Chrvso-

coccyx), 289,291. "
xanthorhynchus (Cucu-

lus), 289.
xanthorhynchus (Lam-

promorpha), 289.
Xylobucoo, 38.

Yellow-cheeked Barbet,
76.

Yellow-throated Barbet,

89.
Yellow Woodpecker,

111.

Zanolostomus, 368, 380.
zeilonicus (Oapito), 77.
zeylanicus (Bucco), 76,

78.
zeylonica (Oyanops), 76.
zevlonica (Megalseina),

'77.
zevlonica (Megalaima),

77.
zonura (Chizcerhis), 451.
zonura (Musophaga),

452.
zonura (Schizorhis), 451,

452.
zonura (Turacas), 452.
zonurius (Schizorhis),

451.

END OK THE NINETEENTH VOLU.UE.

i-lU.ITEU MY lAYLdK .\.ND KRANCIS, RED LIOS COl'KT, t'l.EKT 6TKEET.

LIST OF PLATES.

Plate
Melanobucco 8equatx)rialis, p. 19 I.

affine (fig. 2), p. 31 J ^^"

TricholEeraa stigmatothorax (fig. 1), p. 29

affine (fig. 2), p. 31

Barbatula chrysopyga (fig. 1), p. 45 ...

bilineata (fig. 2), p. 44

Cyanops davisoiii (fig. 1), p. 65 -,

■ ramsayi (fig. 2), p. 70 I IV.

incognita (fig. 3), p. 68 J

Capito, Heads of species, pp. 114-119 V.

Pteroglossus didyraus, p. 147 VI.

Aulacorhamphus erythrognathus, p. 154 VII.

calorhynchus, p. 155 VIII.

■whitclyanus, p. 156 IX.

cyanoloemus, p. 160 X.

Coccystes caroli (fig. 1), p. 221 ,

}

hypopinarius (fig. 2), p. 220

Coccyzus dominicae (fig. 1), p. 306

minor (fig. 2), p. 304 J. XII.

maynardi (fig. 3 *), p. 306

Centropus purpureus, p. 348 XIII.

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