! ifi FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CATALOGUE FISHES BRITISH MUSEUM. ALBERT GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.Z.S., ETC. ETC. VOLUME FOURTH. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1862. ^•v-zt "\ CATALOGUE OF THE ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATHI AND ANACANTHINI COLLECTION BRITISH MUSEUM. DE. ALBERT GUNTHER. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1862. NOTICE. The account of the Collection of Fishes in the British Museum having extended beyond the limits indicated on the title-pages of the first three volumes, it has become necessary to give a title referring to the whole of the work. Therefore, separate title- pages, which, in binding the work, are to be placed at the head of their respective volumes, have been issued with the present volume. PREFACE. Dr. GiJNTnEK observes, — " This volume contains the Pharyngognathi acantho^derygii and the Anacanthhii of Miiller. In the preface to the third volume, I have expressed my doubts whether the Orders established by that great anatomist are natural groups of fishes ; and I fully share the opinion of those who do not consider the coalesced phaiyngeal bones as a character of sufficient importance to unite acanthopterous and malacopterous fishes into one Oi'der. Placing the structure of the fins above that of the pharyngeals, I have changed the name of Pharyngognathi acanthopteri into Acanthopte- rygii pharyngognathi. " The Anacanthini coincide essentially with the Malacopterygii jugulares of the old authors, and they appear to me to be a very natural order. The difference in general appearance between a Cod- fish and a Sole, indeed, is great, — so great, as to induce some ich- thyologists to consider them as representatives of distinct Orders ; but the absence of symmetry in the latter will be seen to be the only constant character on which such an opinion can be founded ; and this character is but little developed in the higlier-organizcd Pleuronectidct', as in Psettodes. In this genus the want of symmetry is nearly entirely limited to the position of the eyes, which are on the right side in one half of the spe';imens of the same species, and on the left in the other. On the other hand, the Gadoids and Pleu- ronectoids agree in the great development of the dorsal and anal fins, in the position of the ventrals, and in the increased number of caudal verteb^aj. " No general account of the Chromides and of the AnacantJiini has been given for the last fifty years, and at that time only a small number of species were known. Therefore, although I believe that this volume will be particularly useful to zoologists, I must ask their indulgence for the imperfection of a work in a field which hitherto has been so much neglected. The total number of species in this volume amounts to 1090, 890 of which are apparently well charac- terized. " Of the numerous and valuable additions to the National Collection which have been received in the course of the last year, 1 may men- tion the following as the more important : — •' 1. A Collection of Pharyngognathi and AnacantJiini from the East Indian Archipelago, illustrative of the species described by Dr. P. V. Blocker in his forthcoming great work on the Ichthyology of the East Indian Archipelago, published by the Dutch Government. " 2. A Collection of Freshwater and Marine Fishes from Guate- mala, made by 0. Salvin, Esq. and F. Godman, Esq. "3. A large Collection of the Fishes of the Upper Nile, made by J. Petherick, Esq., H.M. Consul at Chartoum. " 4. A second and third Collection from Madeira, presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. "5. A Collection of Scandinavian Fishes, presented by Hr. A. W. Malm of Gothaburg. " 6. A Collection of Mediterranean species (South of France), presented by Th. Giinther, M.D. " 7. A Collection of Mediterranean Fishes, made at Malta by Dr. G. Gulia. " 8. A Collection of Freshwater and Mai'ine species from South- ern Spain, presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, F.R.S. " 9. A Collection of Freshwater and Marine species from Port Natal, made by Mr. Th. Ayres. " 10. A Collection of Marine Fishes from Bahia, made by Dr. O. Wucherer. "11. A Collection of Marine Fishes from Sydney, presented by G. Krefft, Esq. " 12. A Collection of Californian Fishes, presented by W. 0. Ayres, M.D. " Finally, I return my best thanks to Dr. P. v. Bleeker and to Prof. Gill of "Washington, who have materially assisted me by com- municating at an early date manuscripts or proof-sheets of their latest labours before their actual publication." JOHN EDWAED GRAY. British Museum, Juno 15, 1802. ADDITIONS TO TOE INDEX OF THE WORKS QUOTED IN THIS AND THE PKECEDING VOLUMES, 1781. Brnussond, A. An account of the Ophidium barbatmn, L., in Phil. Trans, vol. Ixxi. 1782. JJruuHS'.tict, P. M. A. Ichthyologia. Decas i. Lond., 4to. 180G. (iiumsel, C. Forscik att narniare bestjininia och naturligare upstalla Svenska Arterua af Flundersliigtet. Vet. Acad. Nya llandl. xxvii. 1809. Dclaroclw, F. Sur la vcssio aericnnc dos Poissons, in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vol. xiv. 1810-11. T/fcsius. Pisciuni Camtschatcicorum doscriptiones ct icones, in Mem. Ac. Sc. St. P(5torsb. vol. ii. tfc iii. 1814. Mitchill, S. L. Report (in part) on the Fishes of New York. New York, 12nio. 1824. Fahricius, O. Nye zoologiske Bidrag {Pkuroncctes), in Vidensk. Selsk. Natiirv. «& Math. Afhandl. KjiJbcnh. 1820. Ross, J. C. Zoological Appendix in .lournal of a Third Vxjyage for the Discovery of a North-west Passage in 11. M. ships Ilecla and Fury, by W. E. l*arry. l^ond., 4to. 1828. Fdber, F. Naturgcschichte derdainischenSchollen, in Isis. 18.35. Gottschc. Die seelajndischen Pleuroncctes-Xrtcu, in Wiegm. Arch. Dand ii. 1835. Jcnyns, L. A Manual of British Vertebrate Animals. Cambridge, 8vo. 18;]8. Reinhardt, J. Vaagma3ren, in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl. vii. Kjiibenh., 4to. — '—. Ichthyologiske Bidrag til den groenlandske Fauna. Ibid. . Tilla^g til det forste Bidrag til den groenlandske Fauna. Ibid. 1838. TJionipson, W. Contribution towards a knowledge of the C>Wi«7rtin' of Ireland, in Mag. Zool. and I'>ot. ii. Ediub., 8vo. ]85G. . The Natural History of Ireland. Vol. iv. Lond., 8v(). 1840. ILvhd, J. Ikasilianische Fluss-Fische, in Ann.Wien.Mu8. ii. 1840. 7'V/('.Y/;>/(«te. Ibid. (=Chan>ia orientafis, Bl.) 1862. . I Gobii del Golfo di Genova. Ibid. 1861. Bleeker, P. v. Conspectus generum Labroideoruni analyticus, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1862. . Svnonyma I^abroideorum Iiido-Archipelagicoriini rcvisa, adjectis spccierum novaruui de8(ri])tionibus, in Vcrsl. & Medod. Akad. Wet. Amsterd. Natuurk. xiii. IX THIS AND THK PBECEDINO VOLUMES. Vll 18C2. Bleeker, P. v. Sur quelques genres de la faniillo des Pleuronec- teoides, in Comptes Rendus de I'Acad^mie des Sciences. Am* sterdam. Vol. xiii. . Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales N^erlandaises. Amsterd., fol.* 1861. Dum^rH, A. Reptiles et Poissons de I'Afrique occidentale. Arch. Mus. vol. X. 1861. Affosstz, A. Notes on the Holconoti, in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, vol. viii. 1861. GUI, T. H. Synopsis of the subfamily of Percinse, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. . Synopsis generum Rhyptici. Ibid. '. Podothecm (Cataphracti) and Hoplopagrtts (Sparidse). Ibid. . Hyporthodus (Serranina) and Sarothrodua (Chatodon) ma- etdocinctus. Ibid. . On the genus Anisotremus (Pristipoma virginicum). Ibid. . Synopsis of the Haploidinotinse {Corvina grunniem, Sec). Ibid. . Synopsis of the Uranoscopoids. Ibid. . Synopsis of the Polynematoids. Ibid. . Notes on some genera of Fishes of the Western coast of North America. Ibid. . On a new type of Aulostomatoids. Ibid. . On the genus PodotTiecus. Ibid. . Description of Anoplarchus. Ibid. . On the tridigitate Uranoscopoids. Ibid. . Description* of Trichidion (Polynemm) octo/llia. Ibid. — — . Observations on the genus Cottm, in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. ffist. . Synopsis of the Sillaginoids, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. . Synopsis of the Chaenichthyoids. Ibid. . Synopsis of the Harpagiferoids. Ibid. . Synopsis of the Notothenioids. Ibid. 1862. . Synopsis of the Cirrhitoids. Ibid. . On the limits and anangement of the family of Scombroids. Ibid. . On a new species of Priaeanthtis. Ibid. . On the "West- African genus Hemichromia. Ibid. . Catalogue of the Fishes of Lower Califomia. 'Ibid. . Catalogue of the Fishes of Lower Califomia in the Smith- sonian Institution. Ibid. March. * Of this work, which will be the standard work for Indian Ichthyology, four parts have been published during the printing of this volume, namely, pages 1 to 120, and plates 1 to 48. By the author's kindness, I have had the advantage of consulting the proof-sheets to page 164, which will be found quoted in the latter portion of this voliune. Vm WORKS QUOTED IN TUIS AND THE PRECEDING VOLUMES. 1862. Gill, T. H. Notice of a new species of Hemilepidotus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. . Appendix to the Synopsis of Percinae. Ibid. . Note on the Sciaenoids of California. Ibid, . Synopais of the family of Cirrhitoids. Ibid. . On the limits of the family of Scombroids. Ibid. . On a new species of Priacanthm. Ibid. . On the West-African genus Hemichromis. Ibid. 1862. Esmarh, L. Beskrivelse over Brama raschit, in Forhandl. Vidensk. Selsk. Christian. Nov. 29, 1861. 1862. Schlegd, H. De Dieren van Nederland. Visschen. Haarlem, 8vo. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order 11. ACANTHOPTERYGII PHAllYNGOGNATHI. Fani. 1. POJIACKNTIIID-Si. „ Page 1. Amphiprion, lU. Schn 2 1. bifasciatus, Bl. 3 2. intermedins, Schleg 4 3. trifasciatus, C. et V. . . . . 4 4. sebae, Bleek 4 5. clarldi, Benn 5 0. xautliurus, C, et V. .... 5 7. chrysogaster, C. et V. . . 6 8. fusciventer, Benn G 9. percula, Lacep G 10. bicinctus, Riipp 8 11. clirysopterus, C. ct V. . . 8 12. melanopus, Bleek 8 13. *tricolor, Gtlu- 8 (frenatus, Brev 9) 14. roseubergii, Bleek 9 15. perideraion, Bkck 9 IG. akallopisos, Bleek 10 17. ephippium, Bl 10 2. Premnas, Cuv 10 1. biaculeatus, Bl. 10 3. Uascyllus, Cuu 11 1. aruanus, L 12 2. melanurus, Blcck 12 3. trimaculatus, Ri'qrp 13 4. albisella, Gill 13 5. marginatus, Riipji 14 6. xanthosoma, Bleek 14 (roticulatus, Richards. . . 14) 7. cyanurus, Riipj) 15 8. polyacanthu.s, Bleek 15 4. *Lepidozygus, Gthr 15 1. tapeiuosonia, i>V/i/- 15 5. l^omacenU'iis, L(iccj>. . . 1(» 1. *robustus, (lihr , 17 2. aimidalus, Peters 18 3. nf-nialnptcru.s, Bleek 18 Pago 4. bifasciatus, Bleek 18 5. albofasciatus, Schley 19 6. fasciatus, C. et V. '. 19 7. trimaculatus, C. et V..... 19 8. chrysopoecilus, K. et r. 11. 20 9. notophthalmus, Bleek. . . 20 10. violascens, Bleek , 20 11. cyanomos, Bleek 21 12. polynema, Bleek 21 13. cyaiiostigma, Rilpp 22 14. tfeniurus, Bleek 22 15. simsiaug, IJleek 22 IG. pavo, Bl 23 (pavoninus, Bleek 2:'>) 17. prosopotajuia, Bleek 23 (perspicillatus, C et i'... 23) 18. cseruleus, Q. et G 23 19. melanotus, Bleek 24 20. melanopterus, Bleek 24 21. *obtusiro3tris, Gtltr 24 22. trilineatus, Elirenh 25 23. tseniometopon, Bleek. . . 25 24. bankaneusis, Bleek 20 25. rectifrsenum, Gill 2G 20. quadrigutta, Gill 27 27. rhodonotus, Bleek 28 28. scolopsis, Q. et G 28 29. dorsalis, Gill 29 30. clirysurus, Bronns 29 31. puiictatus, Q. etG 29 32. cyanospilu.s, Blkr 30 33. moluccensis, Blkr 30 34. *interorbi talis, Gthr 30 35. leucostictu.'^, M. et T. . . . . 31 3G, fusciis, Casleln 31 37. otophorus, Foci/ 32 38. xanthuru.s Roe'/ 32 39. littorali.^, K. el v. H. . . .32 {kiii\\\\\w, Bleek. . ....... 33) 40. tripunctaUrs ('. et J'.. . . 33 II. \anicolpi).«is, ('. et I'. . . . . 33 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 4-2. plaiiifrons, C. et V. .... 88 4.'>. nijjfvicans, Ldcep 34 44. liitifroii.s, Tschiidl 84 eniar. lacrvmatiis, Q. et G 49 34. *llorulentus, Gthr 49 35. dorsalis, Gill 50 36. aiitjcvius, K. et v. H. 50 87. plajiiometopoii, Blkr. . . 51 38. uniniaciilatus, C. et V. . . 51 (brownrifrgii, Beiin 52) 39. uniocellatiis, Q. et G. . . 52 40. *assimilis, Gthr 52 41. azAueui?, Q. et G 53 42. *dispar, Gthr 53 48.. anabatoidos, Bleek 54 44. bankieri, liichards 54 45. tallax, Peters 55 46. modestiis, Schleg 55 Page (pliaiosonia, Pileek 55) 47. leucopoma, C. et V. . . . . 56 48. aiiiboinensis, Bleek 56 49. luridus, Brouss 56 50. linibatu.s, C. et V. 57 51. chrvsurus, C.etV. 57 52. iiioi-os, C.etV. 57 abdominalis, Q. et G 34 maorolepidotii.'^, Bl 34 mai'g-ariteu.s, C. et K . . . . 34 glaiicus, C. etv. 34 dicldi, Liei: 34 7. *Paniia, Gthr 57 1. •n)icrok'pis, Gthr 57 2. rubicuiula, Gircird -^S 3. *squainipiiinis, Gthr. . . 58, 505 4. *p()lylepiH, Gthr 59 8. lleliastes, C.etV. 60 1. chroiiiis, L 60 2. axillaris, Benn 61 3. insolatus, C.etV. 61 4. crusma, C. etV. 61 5. cincrascens, C. et V. .... 61 6. xantliochir, Bleek 62 7. aiialis, C.etV. 62 8. cfcruleus, C. etV 62 9. frenatus, C.etV. 62 10. xantlmru.s, Bleek 62 11. notatus, Sehleq 63 12. lepidurus, C. et V. 63 1.8. ternatensis, Bleek 63 14. niarginatus, Casteln 64 15. multilineatus, Gnieh. . . 64 16. cyaneus, Poei/ (54 Fam. 2. Labrid^. First Group. Labrina. 1. Labrus, Art 69 1. maculatus, Bl. 70 2. donovani, C.etV. 71 8.-turdus, L 71 4. festivus, Bisso 72 5. nierula, L 72 (5. reticulatus, Lowe 73 7. prasostictus, Pall 74 8. crassus, Agass 74 9. mixtus, L 74 luscus, L (59 lineolatus, C.etV. 69 saxoruni, C. etV. 69 jag-onensis, Bowd 69 microlepidotus, Bl 69 2. Crenilabrus, Cuv 77 1. pavo, Briinn 78 2. nieditcrraneus, L 79 8. melanocorcus, Bisso .... 80 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 4. cjeruleus, Jtisso BO 5. melops, L 80, 505 (5. quinqueinaculatus, £1. . . 82 7. g^riseus, Gm 83 8. staitii, Nordm 84 9. baillonii, C.etV. 84 10. ocellatus, Forsk 85 1 1. morelli, Nordm 85 12. rostratus, Bl 86 18. tinea, Briinn 80 virescens, Bl. 77 chrysoplius, Risso 77 olivaceus, Risso 77 iiotatus, Bl. 77 chlorosochrus, Risso .... 77 arcuatus, Rvi.so 77 zerapliiuus, Gidia 77 scheniberianus, Gulia . . 77 serramis, Gtdia 77 serranoide.s, Gulia 77 intermedins, Gulia 77 locaninns, Gtdia 77 propinquus, Gulia 77 3. Lachiiolairaus, C. ct V. . . . . 87 1. falcatus, L 87 4. Tantoga, Mitch 87 1. ouitis, L 88 tessellata, Bl. 87 5. Malacopterus, C. ct V. .... 88 1. reticulatus; C. et V. 88 6. Ctenolabrus, C. et V. 88 1. rupestris, L 89 2. marginatus, C. et V. . . . . 89 3. iris, C.HV. 90 4. burgall, Schoepf 90 cinereus, Pall. 88 acutus, C. et V. 88 7. Acantholabras, C.etV. 91 1. palloni, Risso 91, 505 2. couchii, C.etV. 92 vetula, Yarr 91 8. *Centrolabrus, Gthr 92 1. exoletus, L . • . 92 2. trutta, Lowe 93, 505 3. romeritus, Val. 93 Second Group. CncEnopiNA. 9. Choerops, Riipp 93 1. macrodon, Lac6p 94, 505 2. ommopterus, Richards. 94, 505 (cyanostolus, Richards. . . 95) 3. leucozona, "iBfet'A; 95, 505 4. anchorage, Bl. 95 5. japonicus, C. et V. 96 6. oligacanthus, Blcek. . . 90, 505 7. cyanodon, Richards 96 8. *rubescens, Gthr 97 Page Third Group. J u l 1 1> i n a. 10. Xiphochihis, Blcek 98 1. typus, Bleek 98 2. *robu8tus, Gthr 98 11. *Semicossyphu3, Gthr. . . 99 1. reticnlatus, C. et V. m 2. pulcher, Aijres 99 12. *Trochocopus, Gthr 100 1. operculans, Guich. . . 100, 506 2. dai'winii, Je)i 100 3. scrofa, C.etV. Ill, 506 13. *Decodon, Gthr 101 I. puellaris, Poeij 101 14. Pteragogus, Peters 101 1. opercularis. Pet 101 2. tajniops, Pet 102 15. Cossyphus, C. et V. 102 1. mesothorax, Bl. . . . . 103, 506 2. axillaris, Betm 10.3 3. leucosticticus, Bemi 103 4. diana, Lacej) 104, 506 5. maci'urus, Lacep 104 6. bilunulatus, Lacep. . . 105, 506 7. albotseniatus, C. etV..... 105 8. atrolumbus, C. et V. .... 105 (perditio, Q. et G 106) 9. anthioides, Bemt. . . 106, 506 10. *tredecimspinosus, Gthr. 107 11. eclancheri, J^al. 108 12. rufus, L 108 13. pulchellus, Poey 108 15. *unimaculatus, Gthr. 109, 50a 16. diplotsenia. Gill 1 10 17. pectoralis. Gill 110 18. gouldii, Richards Ill vulpinus, Richards 102 rubecula, Richards 102 16. Clepticus, C.etV Ill 1. genizarra, C. et V. 112 17. Labrichthvs, Bleek 112 1. celidota, Furst 113 2. bothryocosmus, Richards. 114 3. psittacula, Richards 114 4. rubiginosa, Scldeg 114 5. gayi, C.etV. 115 6. mscripta, Richards 115 7. laticlavius, Richards. 115, 507 8. luculenta, Richards 116 8 a. giintheri, Blkr 507 9. cyanotsenia, Bleek 116 10. tetrica, Richards 116 II. parila, Richards 117 12. *gyninogems, Gthr. 117, 507 13. *punctLilata, Gthr 118 14. unilincata, Guich 118 ephippium, C. et V. .... 112 fucicola, Richards 112 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. iris, Soland 112 rubiginosus, Richards. . . 112 18. Labroides, Bleek 118 1. dimidiatiis, C. et V. 119 2. paradiseiis, Bkek 119 3. quadriliueatiis, Riipp. . . 120 4. xantliurus, Bleek 120 19. Duymaeria, Bleek. . . 120, 507 1. aurio'aria, Richards 121 (amboinensis, Bleek 121) 2. flagellifera, C.etV. 121 3. spilogaster, Bleek 122 4. iilamentosa, Pet 122 5. *c8eruleomaciilata, Gthr. . 122 6. enneacanthus, Bleek 123 7. nematoptera, Bleek 123 20. Cirrhilabrus, Schleg 123 1. temminckii, Bleek 124 2. solorensis, BleeJc 124 3. cyanopleura, Bleek 124 21. *])oratonotus, Gthr 124 1. *meo:alepi.s, Gthr 125 22. Cheilinus, Lacep 125 1. trilobatus, Lacep 120 2. *mossambicus, Gthr 127 3. ceramensis, Bleek 127 4. puuctatus, Benn ]27 5. chlorurus, Bl. 128 6. oxycephalus, Bleek 128 7. festivus, C.etV. 129 8. undulatus, Ri'qyp 129 9. fasciatus, B/. 129 10. quiiiquecinctus, jB(7p^;. .. 130 11. limulatus, Forsk,- 130 12. bimaciilatus, C.etV.. ... 131 13. mentalis, Rd2)p 131 14. ladiatus, Bl. 131 15. lacrymans, C. etV. 132 16. *orientalis, Gthr 132 17. arenatus, C.etV. 132 18. celebicus, Bleek 133 19. oxyrhynchus, Bleek 133 20. hoevenii, Bleek 133 21. ketlitzii, C.etV. 134 (sanguineus, C.etV.. .. . 134) rivulatus, C. et V. 125 venosus, C.etV. 125 mertensii, C. et V. 125 polygramma, C. et V. . . . . 125 maculosus, C.etV. 125 roseus, C.etV. 125 23. Pseudocheilinus, Bleek. . . 134 1. hexateenia, Bleek 134 24. Epibulus, Ctiv 134 1. insidiator, Pall. 13.1 25. 'Anampses, Cuv 135 1. cperulfjopunctatus, Riipp. , 135 Page 2. meleagris, C.etV. 135 3. cuvieri, Q. et G 136 4. melanurus, Bleek 136 5. twistii, Bleek 136 0. amboinensis, Bleek 137 7. diadematus, Riipp 137 8. viridis, C.etV. 137 9. geograpliicus, C. et V. . . 137 10. pterophthalmus, Bleek. . . 138 26. *Hemigymnus, Gthr. 138 1. fasciatus, Thunb 138 2. sexfasciatus, Riipp 139 3. melanopterus, Bl. 139 4. leucomos, Bleek 139 27. *Stethojuli8, Gthr 140 1. strigiveuter, Ben/t 140 2. trilineata, Schn 140 3. albovittata, Bonnat 141 4. renardi, Bleek 141 5. interrupta, Bleek 142 6. axillans, Q. et G 142 7. kalosoma, Bleek 142 8. phekadopleura, Bleek. . . 143 finlaysoni, C. ct V. 140 28. Platyglossus, Klein 143 1. dussumieri. C. et V. .... 143 2. cliloropterus, Bl 144, ,507 3. javanicUs, Bleek 145 4. geoffroyii, Q. et G. ...... . 145 5. bicolor, Schn 145 6. scapularis, Benn 146 7. hortidanus, Lacep 147 8. corbis, C.etV. 147 9. *opercularis, Gthr 148 10. papilionaceus, C. et V. . . 148 11. melanuru,s, Bleek 148 12. schwarzii, Bleek 149 13. hvrtelii, Bleek 149 14. knerii, Bleek 1.50 15. miniatus, K. S^v. H. .... 150 16. p.seudomiuiatus, Bkek. . . 151 17. nebulosus, C.etV. 151 18. pcecilus, Richards 152 19. kawarin, Bleek 152 20. trimaculatus, Q. et G. . . 1-53 21. binotopsif5, Bleek 1-53 22. lioevenii, Bleek 1-53 23. clirysotfcnia, Bleek 154 24. tittiorensis, Bleek 154 2.5. notopsis, K. et i\ H. .... 154 26. solorensis, Bleek 155 27. prosopeion, Bleek 155 28. guttatus, Bl. 1-55 29. amboinensis, Bleek 1-56 .30. loparriiitis, Bleek 1-56 31. niodealus, Bleek 157 32. bimacidatus, Riipp 157 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Pag. 33. liartzfcldii, Bletk 157 34. purpurascens, Schn 158 35. ceylonicus, Bcnn 158 3G. pcardaleocephalus, jB/tf A; . . 158 37. kallochroma, Bleek 159 38. vrolikii, Bleek 159 39. podostigma, Bleek 160 40. marginatus, Riipp 160 41. notophthalmiis, Bleek. . . 160 42. *tenuispinis, Gthr 161 43. seniicinctus, Ayres 161 44. cyanostigma, C. etV. . . 161 45. garnoti, C. etV. 162 46. ruptii3, Poey 162 47. cinctus, Poey 163 48. opalinus, C. et V. 163 49. crotaphiis, C.etV. 163 50. principis, C. et V. 164 51. internasalis, Poey 164 52. bivittatus, Bl 164 53. himieralis, Piwy 165 54. maciilipinna, M. et T. . . 165 55. caudalis, Puey 166 56. pictus, Poey 166 57. pyrrhogramma, Schley. . . 166 58. poecilopterus, Schley 166 inargaritaceus, C. et V. . . 143 aiiritus, C.etV. 143 purpureo-lineatus, C. et V. 143 punctulatus, C. etV. .... 143 horsfieldii, C.etV. 143 patatus, pt., C. et V. 143 gillianus, Poey 143 pictus, Gronow 143 29. Lepfojuljs, Bleek 167 1. cyanopleiira, Bleek 107 2. pyiTliogTammatoides,5//cr. 167 30. rseudojulis, B}eek 168 1. girardi, Bleek 168 2. modestus, Girnrd 168 31. Novacula, C.etV. 168 1. cultrata, C.et V.. ...... . 169 2. argentiinaculata, Steiml. . 170 3. javanica, Bleek 170 4. cyauifrons, C. et V. .... 171 5. martiniceusis, C. et V. . . 171 6. uniocellata, Spit 171 7. lineata, i 171 8. mundiceps, Gill 172 9. tseniurus, Lacep 172 10. vanicolensis, Q.etG 172 11. hoedtii, Bleek 173 12. altipinnis, Riipp 173 13. uiac-rolepidota, Bl. 174 14. biinaciilat .... 376 Second Group. Ophidiina. 9. Opbidium, Artedi 376 1. barbatum, 3InU. 377 2. broussonetii, 3Iull. 877 8. rochii, Miill. 378 (marginatum, Dekay . . 378) 4. vasalli, Risso 378 5. brasiliense, Valenc 373 6. brevibarbe, Cuv 379 taylori, Girard 376 josephi, Girard 376 graellsi, Poey 376 10. Genypterus, Philippi .... 379 1. capensis. Smith 879 2. blacodes, Fo7-st 379 8. chilensis, Guick 380 Third Group. Fierasperina. 11. Fierasfer, Cuv. . 381 1. acus, Briinn 381 2. ♦affinis, Gthr 881 8. homei, Richards 382 4. neglectus, Petei's 382 5. gracilis, Blet!k 382 6. parvipinnis, Kaup 383 7. *caninus, Gthr 383 8. dentatus, Cuv 383 9. lumbricoides, Bleek 884 boraborensis, Kaup .... 881 12. Encheliophis, Miill. 384 ]. veiTnicmaris, Midi. 384 Fourth Group. A m m o b \ t i w a. 13. Ammodytes, Artedi 384 1. lauceolatus, Leaauv 384 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. XIX 2. tobianui^, L ,'>85 3. aiculus, Swaiiif! 380 4. americaiius, Dckay 386 0. pcrsonatus, Girard 387 6. dubius, Rclnh 387 vittatus, Dekay 384 14. *Bleekeria, (Mhr 387 1. *kallolepis, Gthr 387 Fifth Group. Congrooadina. 15. Congrogadus, Gthr 388 1. subduceiis, Richards 388 2. nebulatus, Meek 389 10. Haliophis, Rilpp 389 1. guttatus, RdpiJ 389 Fam. 5. Maoruuid^. 1. Macrurus, Bl. 390 1. lupestris, Fabr 390 2. australis, Richards 391 3. coelorliyuchus, Risso .... 392 4. atlanticus, Lmvc 392 5. sclei'orhyiicliii.s, Valenc. . . 394 0. macrolepidotiis, Kaup . . 395 7. trachjTbynchus, Risso . . 395 8. japonicus, Schley 395 2. Coryphreiioides, Gunner . . 395 1. norvegicus, Nilss 396 2. serratua, Lowe 396 3. dcnticulatu.9, Richards. . . 390 3. ♦Malacocephalus, Gthr. . . 390 1. loBvis, Loive 397 Fam. 0. Ateleopodidje. 1. Ateleopus, Schley 398 1, japonicus, Blcek 398 Appendix. Xenocephalus, Kaup 399 1. annatus, Kaup .399 13. Anacantiiini pleuro- nectoidei. Fam. 7. PLEURONECXIDiE. 1. Psettodes, Benn 401 1. erumei, Bl 402 goniographicus, Rich. . . 401 2. Ilippoglo8.sus, Cm^ 402 1. vulgaris, Flem 403 2. 'groeiilandicus, (rth: . . 404 3. Hippogloasoidos, Gottsche. . 405 1. liiuandoide.s, Bl 405 2. dentatus, Mitch 400 platessoidf^s, F0 14. oligolepis, Bleek 430 niHCulosus, Cur 423 nauphnla, H. B 42.3 kingii, .re» 399, 423 iHK'osonsis, lileek 423 0 2 SYSTEMATIC INIlEX. 15. Paralichthys, Girard .... 431 1. maculoaus, Girard 431 16. Rhomboidichthys, Bleek. . 431 1. podas, Delar •. , . 432 2. mancus, Brouss 432 3. lunatus, L 433 4. ocellatus, Agass 433 5. ellipticus, Poey 434 6. *leopardiniis, Gthr 434 7. pavo, Bleek 435 8. marchionessarum, Val. . . 435 9. pantherinus, Riipp 436 10. myriaster, Schh-g 436 11. *assimilis, Gthr 437 12. grandisqnama, Schle(/. . . 437 13. mogkii, Bleek. . . .'. 438 maculiferus, Poeg 431 17. Pleuronectes, Art 438 1. platessa, L 440 2. pseudoflesus, Gottsche . . 441 3. latus, Cuv 442 4. *franklinii, Gthr 442 6. d\dnensis, LillJ. 442 6. americanus, Walb 443 7. stellatus, Pall. 443 8. bilineatus, Ayres 444 9. *digrainmus, Gthr 445 10. guttulatus, Girard 445 11. limanda, L 446 (linguatula; Gronov 446) 12. ferrugineus, Storer .... 447 13. microcephalus, Donov. . . 447 14. cynoglossus, L 449 (pinguis, Fabr 450) 15. elongatus, Yarr 460 16. flesiis, L 450 17. luscus, Pall 452 18. italicus, Gthr 452 19. asperrimus, Schleg 453 20. variegatus, Schleg 453 21. umbrosus, Girard 454 22. asper, Pall. 454 glacialis, Pall. 438 cicatricosus, Pall. 438 18. Parophrys, Girard 454 1. vetula/G^V 455 2. cormita, Schleg 455 3. quadrituberciiiata, PaU. . 456 4. coenosa, Girard 456 5. *ayresii, Gthr 456 19. *Psammodiscus, Gthr. . . 457 1. *ocellatu9, Gthr 457 20. *Ammotr<'tis, Gthr 458 1. •rostratus, Gthr 458 21. •Rhoiubosolea, Gthr 458 1. *monopus, Gthr 459 Page 2. *tapirina, Gthr 459 3. *leporiiia, Gthr 460 22. *Peltorhamphus, Gthr. . . 460 1. *nov{e zeelandiae, Gthr. . 461 23. Solea, Cuv 462 1. vulgaris, Quensel 463 2. kleinii, Risso 464 3. senegalensis, Kaup .... 464 4. ocellata, L 465 5. hexophthalma, Bciin 465 6. *niicrocepliala, Gthr 466 7. heterorhiua, Blkr 466 8. *aurantiaca, Gthr 467 9. lascaris, Risso 467 10. impar, Beim 468 11. *margaritifera, Gthr 468 12. variegata, Dunov 469 13. lutea, Risso 469 14. irdiiuta, Parn 470 15. monochir, Bonap 470 16. japonica, Schleq 471 17. hartzfeldii, Blkr 471 18. humilis, Cant 471 19. ovata, Richards 472 20. trichodactylus, L 472 21. reticulata, Poey . 472 22. *gronovii, Gthr 472 23. inscripta, Gosse 473 24. maculipinnis, Agass 473 25. *indica, Gthr 474 26. *scutum, Gthr 474 27. *meiitalis, Gthr 475 28. *fonsecensis, Gthr 475 29. achirus, L 476 30. *jenynsii, Gthr 476 31. *browiiii, Gthr 477 32. guttulata, Kaup 47V 33. *fimbriata, Gthr 477 34. tliepassii, Blkr 478 (poroptera, Blkr 478 brasiliensis, JDmp 462 aiigulosa, Kaiq) 462 ovata, Cant 462 litiirata, Richards 462 punctifera, Casteln '. . 462 cinei>ea, Guich 462 luctuosa, Guich 462 peUucida, Benn 462 melanospila, Blkr 462 capensis, Kaup 462 24. *Pardachiru9, Gthr 478 1. marmoratu8, Laccp 478 2. pavoninus, Lac6p 479 25. *Liachirus, Gthr 479 1. 'nitidus, Gthr 479 26. Svnaptura, Canf 480 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 1. savignyi, Aaup 4H0 2. pan, H.B 481 3. foliacea, Richards 481 4. marmorata, lilkr 482 5. *cinerascen3, Gthr 482 6. heterolepis, Blkr 482 7. aspilos, Blkr 482 8. albomaculata, Kaiip .... 483 9. commersoniana, Cant. . . 483 10. pectoralis, Kaup 483 11. orientalis, Schn 484 12. zebra, Bl. 484 13. nmltifasciata, Kaup .... 485 14. japonica, Blkr 485 15. quagga, Kaup 485 16. panoidcs, Bleek 486 17. macrolepis, Bleek 486 18. leucorhyncha, Bleek 486 19. melanorhynclia, Bleek, . . 487 jerreus, Cuv 480 27. ^sopia, Kaup 487 1. cornuta, Cuv 487 28. Gymnachirus, Kaup .... 488 1. nudus, Kaup 488 2. 'fasciatus, Gthr 488 29. *Soleotalpa, Gthr 489 1. *unicolor, Gthr 489 30. Apionichthys, Kaiip .... 489 (dunierilii, Kaup 490) 31. *Ammopleurops, Gth\ . . 490 1. lacteus, Bonap 490 32. Aphoristia, Kaup 490 1. ornata, Lacep 490 33. Plagusia, Cuii 491 1. marmorata, Bleek 491 2. bilineata, Cant 492 3. japonica, Schlcg 492 Page 34. Cynoglossus, H.B 492 1. kopsii, Blkr 493 2. waandersii, Blkr 493 3. feldmanni, Blkr 494 4. abbreviatus, Gray 494 5. *trigrammus, Gt,hr 494 6. microlepis, Blkr 495 7. *xiphoideus, Gthr 495 8. macrolepidotus, Blkr. . . 496 9. melampetalus, Richards. 496 10. oligolepis, Blkr 496 11. sumatrensis, Blkr 497 12. kaupii, Blkr 497 (arel, Bl. 497) 13. quadrilineatus, Zac^p. . . 497 14. lida, Blkr 498 15. bomeensis, Blkr 498 16. oxyrbyncbus, Blkr 499 17. bengalensis, Blkr 499 18. bracbyrhyncbus, Blkr. . . 499 19.' puncticeps, Richards. . . 500 20. *brevis, Gthr 500 21. *elongatus, Gthr 501 22. lingua, H.B 501 23. melanopterus, Blkr 502 24. senegalensis, Kaup 502 25. cantoris, Blkr 502 26. capensis, Kaup 503 27. trulla, Ca^it 503 28. grandisquamis. Cant 503 29. bamiltonii, Gthr 504 potous, Cuv 492 macrorhyncbus, Blkr. . . 492 auro-limbatus, Richards. 492 nigro-labeculatus, Rich. . . 492 grammicus. Rich 492 liavosquamis. Rich 492 ERRATA. 64. Read He/iasfcs marginntus instead of Htl/asfcs marglnata. 108. In the synonymy of Cossi/phus rufus, read Labrus rufus, L., stead of Ttmlus rufus, L, CATALOGUE OP FISHES. Subclass I. TELEOSTEI. {CONTINUED.) Order 11. ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATHL The inferior pharyngeal bones are coalesced, with or without a median longitudinal suture. Part of the rays of the dorsal, anal and ventral fins not articu- lated, forming spines. Air-bladder without pneumatic duct. Cfr. Miiller, in Berl. Abhandl. 184*, p. 166. Synopsis of tfie Families. Pseudobranchiae present ; gilla three and a half; scales ctenoid 1. PomacentridaB, p. 2. Pseudobranchiae present ; gOls three and a half; scales cycloid 2. Labridse, p. 65, Pseudobranchiae present ; gills four ; scales cycloid , anal rays numeroiis 3. Embiotocidae, p. 244. Pseudobranchiae present ; gills four ; anal rays in small number 4. Gerridae, p. 252. Pseudobranchiae none 5. Chromides, p. 264. VOL. IV. 15 POMACENTRID^. Fam. 1. POMACENTRIDiE. Scicenoidei, pt., Cuv, Rlgne Anim. Labroidei ctenoidei, MiiU. Berl. Abhandl. 1844, p. 201. Ctenolabridse, Otven, Led. Comp. Anat. Fishes, p. 48. Body compressed, more or less short, covered with ctenoid scales. Dentition feeble, palate smooth. The lateral line does not extend to the caudal fin or it is interrupted. One dorsal fin, with the spinous portion as well developed as the soft, or more. Two, sometimes three, anal spines ; the soft anal similar to the soft dorsal. Ventral fins thoracic, with one spine and five soft rays. Branchiostegals five, six, or seven ; gills three and a half ; pseudobranchise and air- bladder present. Pyloric appendages in small number; intestinal tract of moderate length. Vertebrae 12/14. This family has great similarity to the CJiafodontidce proper, with regard to their mode of Kfe and to theu- geographical distribution. The species are most numerous in the tropical parts of the Indian Ocean and Pacific, and are represented by several forms in the tropical portions of the Atlantic, — a few extending northwards to the Medi- terranean and Japan, southwards to the coasts of South Australia, and eastwards to the Pacific coasts of America. They feed chiefly on small marine animals ; and those with compressed teeth appear to feed on the smaU zoophytes or even on marine plants covering the coral-banks round which the Pomacentridce and Chcetodontidoi abound. Synopsis of the Genera. All the opercles and the pra3orbital are denticulated. Teeth conical, in a single series .* 1 . AMPiirPRiON, p. 2. Praeorbital terminating in a very long and strong spine. 2. Premnas, p. 10. Only the prjeoperculiun and, sometimes, the pra;orbital are serrated. Teeth in a band. L. lat. less than 30. 3. Dascyllus, p. 11. Prceopercidum serrated ; infraorbital bones hidden. L. lat. more than 30 4. Lepidozyous, p. 15. Only the praioperculum and, generally, tlie praeorbital are serrated. Teeth compressed, in a single series. L. lat. less than 30 5. Pomacentrus, p. 16. None of the opercles serrated. Teeth compressed, in a single series. L. lat. 30 or less G. Glypuidodon, p.34. None of the opercles serrated. Teeth compressed, in a single series. L. lat. more than 30 7. Parma, p. 57. None of the opercles serrated. Teeth conical 8. Heliastes, p. 60. 1. AMPHIPRION. Coracinus, sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. p. 00. Ampliiprion, sp., Bl. Sclm. p. 47. Ampliiprion, Cuv. Sf Vol. v. p. 384. All the opercles and the prajorbital arc denticulated, the teeth of 1. AMPHIPEION. 3 the operculum and suboperculum being very long. Teeth in a single series, small, conical. Dorsal fin with nine to eleven spines, anal with two. Scales rather small ; the lateral line ceases below the end of the dorsal fin. Branchiostegals five ; gills three and a half ; pseudo- branchiae present ; an air-bladder. Pyloric appendages two or three. All the Indian seas. Western parts of the Pacific. Synojisis of the Species, a. Three or two white cross-bands, that below the dorsal fin being pro- duced backwards along the upper part of the soft dorsal. 1. A. bifasciatus. 3. A. trifasciatus. 2. A. iutermedius. 4. A. sebse. b. Three white cross-bands, the middle of which is not bent backwards above. 6. A. clarkii. 8. A. fusciventer. 6. A. xanthm'us. 9. A. percula. 7. A. chrysogaster. r. Two white cross-bauds, the posterior not bent backwards above. 10. A. bicinctus. ll. A, cbrysopteriis. d. A single cross-baud. 12. A. nielanopus. 14. A. roseubergii. 13. A. tricolor 15. A. perideraion. (A. frenatus, Brev.). e. No cross-band. 16. A. akallopisus. 17, A. ephippium. 1. Amphiprion bifasciatus. Percis, sp., Kolreut. N. Comm. Petrop. x. p. 340. tab. 8. fig. 4. ? Sciaena, sp., Gronov. Mus. Ichth. p. 38. ? Coracinus, sp., Gronov. Zoophi/l. no. 227. Anthias bifasciatus, Bl. tab. 316. fig. 2. Amphiprion bifasciatus, Bl Schti. p. 204 ; Cuv, 8f Val. v. p. 392 ; Schlcg. Ovei-z. Amphipr. ^c. in Verh. Ned. Ovet-z, Bezitt. p. 18 ; Bleek. Amb. Sf Cer. p. 282. Holocentrus bifasciatus. Bl. Schn. p. 567. Lutjanus jourdin, Lacep. iv. pp. 191, 235. Amphiprion laticlavius, Cuv. ($• Val. v. p. 296. pi. 132. fiof. 1, ? Coracmus vittatus, Gronov. St/si. ed. Gray, p. 57. D-i^s- ^TiTs- L. lac. 50-55. L. transv. ^-g-^. Brownish-black, with two broad white cross-bands : the anterior from the nape of the neck to the interoperculum, touching the poste- rior margin of the orbit ; the posterior spanning from between the two or three last dorsal spines to the eighth soft ray, and produced superiorly towards the posterior upper angle of the soft dorsal fin. Caudal fin black, with a broad white upper and lower margin. The dorsal spines are stout and short, the fourth being the longest, whilst the posterior ones decrease in length. The height of the body is b2 4 i'OMACENTRIn^. somewhat less than one half of the total length (the caudal fin not included). East Indian Archipelago ; New Guinea. Var. hifasciata : the posterior cross-band extends downwards to the vent. L. lat. 50. L. transv. 5/17. a, h. Fine specimens. Amboyna. Purchased of Mr. Frank. Var. laticlavia : the posterior cross-band extends downwards only to below the lateral line. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 7/19. c-d. Adult and half-grown. East Indies. From the E. I. Collection. 2. AmpMprion intermedius. Sciajua, var., Gronov. Mus. Ichthyol. p. 39. Amphiprion intermedius, Schleg. I, c. p. 18. trifasciatus, Bleek. Celeb, iii. p. 767 (not Cuv. S/- Vul.). D. '±^. A. ■^. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 6/19. Brownish-black, with three broad white cross-bands : the anterior from the nape of the neck to the inter- and sub-oijetculum, touching the posterior margin of the orbit ; the middle spanning from between the two last dorsal sjiines to the sixth soft ray, and produced supe- riorly towards the posterior upper angle of the soft dorsal fin ; the third across the free portion of the tail and the base of the caudal fin. Caudal fin black, with a broad white upper and lower margin. The dorsal spines are stout and short, the third and fourth being the longest, whilst the posterior ones decrease in length. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (the caudal fin not included). Molucca Sea. a. Fine specimen. From Dr. P. v. Bleeker's Collection. h. Fine specimen. Purchased of Mr. Frank. c. Skin. From Gronow's Collection. This species is, perhaps, only a variety of A. lifasciatus. 3. Amphiprion trifasciatus. Cuv. 8f Val. V. p. 395. B.5. D.11. A.i. Browm'sh-black, with three broad white cross-bands, the two an- terior of which are united by a horizontal liae running along the base of the spinous dorsal ; the second produced posteriorly towards the posterior angle of the dorsal fin. Caudal fin uniform brown, without white margin. {Guv.) Molucca Sea. 4. Amphiprion sehae. Seha, iii. p. 70. tab. 26. fig. 24. Amphiprion seba?, Bleek. Batav. p. 478. D. .JLL . A. ■^. L. lat. 46-55. L. transv. 6/20. Black, with two white cross-bands, the posterior of which is pro- 1. AMPHIPKION. 5 duced superiorly towards the hinder angle of the soft dorsal fin ; the free portion of the tail and the caudal yeUow ; muzzle light-brownish ; pectoral blackish, the other fins black ; anal edged with white. The dorsal fin is deeply notched and has its spines stout and short. The height of the body is rather less than one-half of the total length (the caudal fin not included). Seas of Batavia and Sumatra. a. Fine specimen. Sumatra. Purchased of Mr. Frank. 5. Ampliiprion clarkii. Anthias clarkii, Benn. Fish. Ceyl. pi. 29. Amphiprion clarkii, Cui\ Sf Val, ix. p. 504 ; Peters in Wiegnif. Arch. 1855, p. 265. japonicus, Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 66. chrysargurus, Richards. Ichth. Chin. p. 254. xanthurus, BleeJc. Amboina, ii. p.. 560 (not Cuv. 8f Val.). ? Amphiprion polymnus, Steindachner, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. GeseUsch. Wien, 1861, p. 79. B. 5. D. }J. A. ^. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 6/19. Ground-colour brown or black, with three pearl-coloured cross- bands, the last round the tail ; thorax and chin, pectoral, ventrtil and caudal fins yeUow; dorsal fin black. The dorsal fin is scarcHy notched and has the spines stout and short. The height of the body is rather less than one-half of the total length (caudal not included) ; the caudal fin is emarginate. From the coast of Mozambique to China. Var. a. Anal fin yellowish, with blackish margin. a, h. Fine specimens. Amboyna. Purchased of Mr. Frank. c. Fine specimen. Singapore. d. Half-grown. Mozambique. From Prof. Peters's Collection. ' e. Adult. China. Presented by F. R. Reeves, Esq. /. Adult. China. g, h, i, Jc. Adult, half-grown, and young. \ ar. /3. Anal fin black. I. Adult. China. Presented by F. R. Reeves, Esq. m. Adult : stufied. China. Presented by F. R. Reeves, Esq. — Type of A. chrysargyrus. 6. Amphiprion xanthurus. Cuv. ^ Val. V. p. 402; Bleek. Batav. p. 480 (not Amboina, ii. p. 500). D, J^. A. ,4. L. lat. 50. IS 14 Scarcely different from A. clarkii. Black, with three broad pearl-coloured cross-bands, the middle of which is not produced on to the upper margin of the soft dorsal. 6 POMACENTRIDiE. Snout orange- coloured ; pectoral and caudal fins j'cUow, the former blackish at the base ; the other tins deep-black. He de France, Batavia. a. Fine specimen. From Dr. P. v. Bleeker's Collection. 7. AmpMprion chrysogaster. Cuv. ^ Val. V. p. 400 ; Less. Voy. Coqu. Zool. Poiss. p. 191. pi. 28. fig. 3; Cuv. Regne Anim. III. Poiss. pi. 32. fig. 1 ; Gti^r. Iconogr. iii. pi. 19. fig. 2. D. }^. A, ^. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 6/18. Ccec. pylor. 2. Brownish-black, with three white cross-bands, and with the thorax, pectoral and ventral fins yellowish ; the soft dorsal and caudal with a white edge, the pectoral with a broad blackish margin. The dorsal spines are rather stout and moderately long, the third and fourth being- the longest, whilst the posterior ones decrease in length. The height of the body is one-half of the total length (the caudal fin not included). He de France. Bourbon. a. Fine specimen. Mauritius. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. h. Adult: stuflEcd. 8. Amphipriou fusciventer. ? Anthias polymnus, Bl. taf. 316. fig. 1. ? Amphiprion polymnus, Bl. Schn. p. 203 ; Cuv. ^' Val. v. p. 396. ? Lutjanus polymnus, Lacep. iv. p. 224. Amphiprion fusciventer, Benn. Proceed. Comm. Zool. Soc. i. p. 165. D. ^. A. ^. L. lat. 52. L. transv. 6/18. 17 14 ' Brownish-black, with three rather narrow whitish cross-bands, that round the tail being very indistinct ; caudal fin \vith a rather broad white posterior margin, dorsal and anal with a narrow whitish edge. Pectorals brownish ; the outer half of the ventrals black, the inner white. Dorsal fin slightly notched, with the spines of moderate strength and length ; the third, fourth and fifth are the longest. Caudal fin rounded. The height of the body is rather less than one- half of the total length (the caudal fin not included). Sea of Mauritius. a. Six inches long. From the Collection of the Zoological Society: — Type of the species. 9. Amphiprion percula. Tetragonopterus, no. 5, Klem, Pise. 3Iiss. iv. p. 38. tab. 11. fig. 8. Scho, iii. p. 69. tab. 26. fig. 20. revcfi, sp., Tgson in Philos. Trans. Ixi. p. 247. tab. 7. fig. 8. Anthias polymna, var.; Bl. tab. 316. fig. 3. T^uijaiius pdlymniis, var., Lac/'p. iv. p. 224. 1. AMPHIPRION. 7 Lutjanus percula, Lac^. iv. pp. 239, 248. Ampliiprion percula, Ctiv. <§" Val, v. p. 397 ; Bleek. Amh. 8f Ce>\ p. 287 ; Schley. Overz. Amphipr. ^c, in Verhand. Nat. Gcsch. Nederl, Overz. Bezitt. p. 19 ; Steindachner, Verhandl. Zuol. Bot. Geselkch, Wien, 18G1, p. 78. tumcatus, Cuv. 8f Val. v. p. 399. pi. 132. fig. 2 ; Less, Toy. Coqu. Zool. Poiss. p. 192. pi. 25. fig. 3. ocellaris, Cuv. ^ Val. v. p. 399. melanurus, Cuv. Sf Val, v. p. 400. D.n A.;^. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 7/23. Ground-colour light-brown or brown, with three broad white cross - bands, edged with black : the anterior is curved and encircles com- pletely the hind part of the head, its convexity being directed back- wards ; the middle descends from the notch of the doisal fin to the vent, and is angularly produced on the middle of the side ; the pos- terior round the free part of the tail : fins with a black and white margin. The dorsal spines are moderately strong and long ; the posterior ones, however, are much shorter than those on the middle, there being a deep notch between the spinous and the soft dorsal fin. The height of the body is two -fifths of the total length (the caudal not included). From the seas of China to those of Australia. Var. a. Ground-colour light-'brown ;. the fins are nearly white within the black edges. (A. polymnus, var., Bl.) Or-h. Fine specimens. China Sea. Presented by Vice-Admiral Sir E. Belcher, C.B. c-f. Fine specimens. Sumatra. From the Collection of Sir T. S. Rafiles. Var. /3. Ground-colour brown ; the vertical fins are of the same colour as the body, within the black edge. (A, melanurus, C. : Iconogr. Regne Anim. iii. pi. 19. f g. 5. Chsetodon, sp., Seba, iii. tab. 26. fig, 19. Premnas unicolor, Cuv. ^- Val. v. p. 4l0. Sargus ensifer, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 66. B. 5-6. D. ^,. A. -V . L. lat. 60-70. Csec. pylor. 3. 18-10 14-15 ^ -' Eeddish-brown ; fins with a black margin. Generally three pearl- coloured cross-bands. East Indian Archipelago. Var. a. The bands encircle the whole body, and the second and third are produced on the middle of the side into a process pointing forwards. Var. (3. The bands encircle the whole body, aixd have no process anteriorly. a. Fine specimen, Ceram. From the CoUectioJj of Frau Ida PfeifFer. b. Half-grown. PhUippino Islands, c. Adult female : skeleton, Amboyna. Purchased of Mr, Frank, Var, y. The bands do not descend beyond the middle of the side. Var. 3. The bands are very indistinct. d. Adult : skin. From Gronow's Collection, 3, DASCYLLUS. Dascyllus, Cuv. Rkgiie Anim. Tetradrachmum, Cant. Mai. Fish. p. 240. Praeoperculum and sometimes the praeorbital serrated. Teeth small, villiform, in a narrow band, with an outer series of somewhat larger ones. Dorsal fin with twelve or thirteen (in D. polyacaniJms with seventeen) spines, anal with two. Scales of mode rate size, in less than thirty transverse series. The lateral line ceases below the soft dorsal fin. Branchiostegals five ; gills three and a half ; pscudobranchigD present ; air-bladder large. Pyloric appendages two or three. From the eastern coasts of Africa to Polynesia and New Zealand. / 12 POMACENTRID^. 1. Dascyllus arnanus. Vaknt. Amh. iii. p. 501. fig. 489 ; Renard, i. fig. 165 ; Seba, iii. 26. 23. Chsetodon arcuatus, L. Mm. Ad. Fned. tab. 33. fig. 8 ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 341. aruanus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 464 ; £!. iii. p. 62. tab. 198. fig. 2 ; Bl. Schn. p. 220 ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 348. Tetragonopterus, no. 6, Klein, Pisc. 3Iiss. iv. p. 38. tab. 11. fig. 9. Chsetodon abu dafur, Forsk. p. 15. Lutjanus aruanus, LacSp. iv. p. 720. Pomacentrus aruanus, Miipp. Atl. Fische, p. 39. DascyUus aruanus, Cuv. i