•-^y i^^\^'-i -^' i rU, V' %^^-^/ f 'J- v^:^ *" .W K- ' k-^ N < JiSk' ; '^.:v MEMOIRS New York Botanical Garden Vol. I CATALOGUE FLORA OF MONTANA AND THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BY PER AXEL RYDBERG, Ph.D. Issued Keb. 15, 1900 •5^r9«« PRESS OF The new Era Printing Company , LANCASTER Pa. 'i&^.^' CATALOGUE FLORA OF MONTANA AND THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BY PER AXEL RYDBERG, Ph.D. NEW YORK 1900 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface i Catalogue i Additions and Corrections 466 Table of Distribution 485 Index 488 Map. PREFACE. In the summer of 1895 Mr. C. L. Shear and the author were com- missioned field agents by the Division of Agrostology of the United States Department of Agriculture, and about seven weeks were spent within the state of Montana. Collections were made in the vicinity of several stations of the Union Pacific Railroad from Lima to Silver Bow ; at Deer Lodge ; and at nine stations of the Northern Pacific Railroad from Garrison to Bozeman. The following summer I was again detailed by the Division for work in Montana, and was accom- panied by Mr. J. H. Flodman, of Luther Academy, Wahoo, Ne- braska, who made a private collection at the same time. Collec- tions were made in the Spanish Basin of the Madison Range ; in and around the Bridger, Elk, Little Belt, and Craz}- Mountains ; and in the Gallatin and Musselshell Valleys. Although my work during these two summers was practically con- fined to the grasses and other forage plants, I gained a fair know- ledge of the general flora of the state. About two years ago I pub- lished three papers in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club^ under the title, "Rarities from Montana," and in them several new species were described. In the summer of 1897, through the generosity of Mr. William E. Dodge, of this city, a botanical expedition was sent out to Montana and the Yellowstone National Park, under the auspices of this insti- tution. The author was in charge of the expedition, and was as- sisted by Mr. Ernst K. Bessey, then of the University of Nebraska. Three months were spent in the field. With Bozeman as our base, we visited first the Bridger Mountains and the Spanish Basin, then crossed over into the Madison Valley, which we followed up into the Yellowstone Park, and returned bv wav of the Yellowstone River and Trail Creek Pass to Bozeman. At the following stations collec- tions Vv'ere made : Bridger Mountains, Spanish Basin, Pole Creek, Pony, Old Hollowtop in the Pony or South Boulder Mountains, Meadow Creek, Jack Creek Canon, Cedar Mountain, Indian Creek Canon and surrounding mountains. Wolf Creek, the Forks of the Madison, and Cliff Lake, all in Montana ; Mt. Chauvet on the boundary line between that state and Idaho ; near Henry's Lake, Vlll PREFACE. in Idaho ; Upper Madison Canon, Lower, Biscuit, Upper and Lone Star Geyser Basins, East DeLacy's Creek, Slioshone Lake, Yellow- stone Lake near the Natural Bridge, Yellowstone Falls, Willow Park, and Swan Lake, all in the Yellowstone Park; Electric Peak on the boundary line ; and at Fridley, Emigrant Gulch, and Trail Creek Pass in Montana. These collections contain over i,8oo num- bers, representing about 800 species and over 20,000 specimens. In working up these collections it was found that the flora of the state of Montana was very little known and still less understood. It was therefore considered advisable to extend the work and study all the material from the state that was accessible. This has had results far beyond my expectations, for of the 1976 species and varieties included in this catalogue, 776 are not contained in Coulter's Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region, the only published flora including the state of Montana, and 163 species and varieties are new to science. I wish to thank especially Mr. Frank Tweedy, of the United States Geological Survey, for the loan of his private herbarium, so rich in Montana and Yellowstone Park plants, and the Trustees of the Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, at Boze- man, for the loan of the collections belonging to that institution. These latter contained two collections made for the Columbian World's Fair held in Chicago, one by the Rev. F. D. Kelsey and Mr. R. S. Williams, and the other by several ladies, among them Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Alderson, Mrs. Fitch, Miss Ware, Mrs. Muth, Mrs. McNulty and Mrs. Hodgman. I also wish to thank the cura- tors of the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University, of the Academy of Sciences at Philadelphia, of the College of Pharmacy in New York, and of the National Herbarium and of the Division of Agros- tology at Washington, for specimens loaned, and for help in deter- minations ; also the following persons : Dr. Thomas C. Porter, of Easton, Penn. ; Mr. Peter Koch and Dr. Blankinship, of Bozeman, Mont., and Professor Aven Nelson, of Laramie, Wyoming. The grasses secured in the collections made for the Division of Agros- tology were necessai^ily determined there ; those in the collections of Mr. Flodman, and of Mr. Bessey and mj'self were determined by Mr. George V. Nash. Nearly all the Carices have passed through the hands of Professor L. H. Bailey. In Polygonaceae and Saxi- fragaceae I have had help from Dr. J. K. Small ; and in the Um- belliferae Dr. J. N. Rose has rendered valuable assistance. PREFACE. IX The following is a list of the collections seen by me, and the institutions in which they are deposited : Lewis & Clark, 1S03-6, Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia.* Nathaniel B. Wyeth, 1832, Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia, type set ; Columbia University, duplicate set. Thomas Nuttall, 1834, Columbia University, a few duplicates.* Charles A. Geyer, 1843-4, Columbia University, a few duplicates.* Dr. Suckley, Steven's Expedition, 1853-4, Columbia University, dupli- cate set.* Dr. Cooper, 1854, Columbia University, type set (?). John Pearsall, Mullan's Expedition, 1S5S-62, Columbia University, type set. Dr. Lyall, 1S61, Gray Herbarium, a few duplicates.* Hayden Survey, 1859-60, Columbia University, a few duplicates.* Hayden Survey, 1871, New York Botanical Garden, duplicate set; some of the type set in Dr. Porter's Herbarium. Hayden Survey, 1872, College of Pharmacy, partial duplicate set. C. C. Parry, Jones' Expedition, 1S73, Columbia University, complete duplicate set.* Sereno Watson, 18S0, Gray Herbarium, type set, but only partially examined. William M. Canby, 18S2-3, College of Pharmacy, type set. F. Lamson-Scribxer, 1883, College of Pharmacy, duplicate set.f Frank Tweedy, 1884-91, Tweedy's private herbarium, type set; Columbia University and College of Pharmacy, duplicates. P. A. Rydberg and C. L. Shear, 1895, Division of Agrostology, Wash- ington, type set; Columbia University and New York Botanical Garden, duplicate sets. P. A. Rydberg, 1896, Division of Agrostology, type set; New York Botanical Garden, complete duplicate set. J. H. Flodman, 1896, New York Botanical Garden, type set. Rydberg & Bessey, 1897, New York Botanical Garden, type set. Williams & Griffith, 1898, New York Botanical Garden, some dupli- cates. World's Fair Set, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, Bozeman, type set. Montana Ladies' World's Fair Set, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, Bozeman, type set. *Ouly very small parts of these collections were made in Montana or the Yellow- stone Park. t The greater part of the type set was destroyed by fire a few years ago. X PREFACE. W. T. Shaw, Peter Koch, Mrs. Kennedy, Mrs. Light, Professor Jennings and others, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechan- ical Arts, Bozeman, numerous specimens. R. S. Williams, Professor Aven Nelson, Dr. Blankinship, and others, 1880-99, ^^^w York Botanical Garden. F. D. Kelsey, F. W. Anderson, Professor Traphagen, Dr. Chas. H. Hall, Miss Mary Compton, Addison Brown, Burglehaus, Letterman, and others, 1880-99, Columbia University. The only important collections from Montana or the Yellowstone Park of which I have knowledge, and to which I have not had access, are the private herbarium of Rev. F. D. Kelsey and the collection made by Dr. J. N. Rose in the Yellowstone Park. We have recently received from the Montana College of Agricul- ture and Mechanical Arts a number of duplicates from the herbarium of Mr. R. S. Williams, lately secured by that institution. At the time of their receipt b}^ us the larger part of this memoir was in print, and it was therefore impossible to incorporate in it the unrecorded species found in this duplicate collection. As the additions were im- portant it has been deemed advisable to append a list of them. It was considered unnecessary, however, to indicate the additional specimens of species already mentioned. In the body of the catalogue are listed all specimens seen by me up to September, 1899. No species or specimen has been admitted on mere report, and only a few which I have not seen myself, and these on reliable authority. These exceptions are indicated in each case. On the accompanying map of the state of Montana and the Yel- lowstone Park the localities mentioned in this catalogue at which collections have been made are indicated, with the exception of about a dozen which I have been unable to place. It will be seen from this map that the area east of the io8th meridian on the south side of the Missouri River and of the 112th meridian on the north side is practically unexplored botanically. This region includes about two-fifths of the whole state, and is made up in large part of the Great Plains, smaller mountain ranges, and the *' bad lands." Its topographical features resemble those of the adjoining parts of western Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, and its flora, so far as can 'be determined from the limited material at hand, is almost iden- tical with that of those states. When this portion of Montana shall PREFACE. xi be better known, many plants not included in this catalogue will doubtless be found, especially those from the prairie region which have spread into the state along the water courses. The flora of a small portion of the extreme northwestern corner around the Kootenay River is also unknown. In fact, it is onl}^ the mountain regions that have been fairly well explored. Only new species or varieties are fully described, but as the de- scriptions of many others are not accessible to the general public, I have indicated the essential characters of all species not contained in Coulter's Manual, together with other notes, principally on distribu- tion and altitude. Under each species is given the original place of publication and such references as have bearing upon the nomen- clature. In abbreviating titles to books the rules adopted by the Madison Botanical Congress have been followed with the few exceptions noted below. For the benefit of those not having access to any of the larger botanical libraries, references have been added in brackets to the most commonly used manuals where descriptions may be found ; for these references it has been thought best to shorten the titles more than usual, as they occur so frequently, and the following forms were chosen : " Man. R. M.," Coulter, Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region. " Bot. Cal.," Brewer & Watson, Botany of California. "111. Fl.," Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora. "Syn. FL," A. Gray, Synoptical Flora. P. A. Rydberg. New York Botanicai, Garden, February 15, 1900. CATALOGUE OF THE FLORA OF MONTANA AND THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. PTERIDOPHYTA. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Botrychium simplex Hitchcock, Amer. Journ. Sci. 6: 103; [D. C. Eaton, Ferns of N. A. i : 121 ; Underwood, Our Nat. Ferns, 129; Man. R. M. 438; 111. Fl. i : 2; Bot. Cal. 2: 331]. In most woods, rare, at an altitude of about 2400 m. Most of Parry's specimens should be referred to var. compositiini Lasch. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 306. * Botrychium boreale* (Fries) Milde, Bot. Zeit. 15: 880 [Ferns of N. A. 1:37; Our Nat. Ferns, 130] ; Botrychium Lunaria var. borcaleYxx^?,, Herb. Norm. 16: 85. This species has, as far as I know, been collected only at one station in North x\merica, viz., on the Island of Unalaschka. It is a very rare plant, nearest related to B. Lunaria, but differs in the short, triangular sterile portion, which is borne very high up, close to the fertile portion. Yellowstone Park: Pelican Creek, 1885, Tzt'cedy, ygd. * Botrychium Coulteri Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25 : 537 ; Botrychium tcrnatum australc Tweedy, Fl. Yell. Nat. Park 75 (name). It is nearest related to B. obliqnum Willd. (^B. tcrnatum of Amer- ican authors) of the East, but is a much stouter plant v/ith short- petioled very fleshy leaves. It seems to be confined to the formations *Species preceded by an asterisk (*) are such that are not described in Coulter's Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region, the onlj' manual that covers the region here treated. 2 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. caused by the hot springs and geysers, at an aUitude of 2000- 2500 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., Mrs. Peter Koch. Yellowstone Park : 1S84, Tzucedy,6; 1885,7^7; Lower Fire Hole Basin, 1872, J. M. Coulter; Lone Star Geyser Basin, August 7, 1897, Rydherg & Besscy. Botrychium Virginianum (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2: iii [Ferns of N. A. 253 ; Our Nat. Ferns, 132 ; Man. R. M., 438 ; 111. Fl. i: 4; Bot. Cal. 2: 332]. In rich woods, up to an altitude of perhaps 1500 m. Montana: Tiger Butte, 1886, 7?. S. Williams, ^ 26. POLYPODIACEAE. Woodsia Oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. 2 : 90 [Ferns of N. A. 2: 185 ; Our Nat. Ferns, 120; Man. R. M. 444: 111. Fl. i : 11 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 348]. In shaded places among rocks, at an altitude of 1-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July 9, 1896, Flodman, 18. Yellowstone Park: Obsidian Canon, 1885, Tzveedy, /pj. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. 2 : 90 [Ferns of N. A. 2: 193 ; Our Nat. Ferns, 120; Man. R. M. 444; 111. Fl. i : ii ; Bot. Cal. 2: 348]. In crevices of rocks, at an altitude of 1-3000 m. Montana: West Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, go. Yellowstone Park : Obsidian Cliff, 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; iS8^, Tzaeedy, ypp ; 188;^, Miss 3f a /y Compton; 1873, C. C. Parry, joj ; Upper Falls, Adajjis (Hayden Survey). * Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Cat. PI. in Geol. Rep. N. Y. 195 [Ferns of N. A. 2 : 189; Our Nat. Ferns, 121 ; 111. Fl. i :ii] ; Polypodimn ohtusum Spreng. Anleit. 92. Taller than the other species ; frond 15—35 ^'^' l*^"g '■> indusium cleft into broad jagged lobes. The species has never been reported from any place so far northwest. It is evidently a rare plant in the Rocky Mountain region. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, j2y. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. i : part 2, 27 [Ferns of N. A. 2 : 49 ; Our Nat. Ferjis, 118 ; Man. R. M. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 3 444 ; 111. Fl. I : 13 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 348] ; Polypodium fragile L. Sp. PI. 1091. The most common fern in Montana and the Park, growing among rocks and reaching an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mountain, near the pass, Aug. 10, 1895, J^lodman, ij; Sweet Grass Caiion, Sept. 8, ly; Madison Co., Airs. L. A. Fitch; Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, ij8. Yellowstone Park: Black Tail Deer Creek, 1884, Tweedy, 8 ; 1888, Dr. C/ias. Hall; 1883, Miss Mary Compton ; Yellowstone Falls, 1873, C. C. Parry, J 02. Dryopteris Filix-Mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834 [O^ir Nat. Ferns, 115; 111. Fl, i: i"]!^, Polypodiiim Filix-Mas L. Sp. PI. 1090; Aspiditini Filix-Mas Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2 : 38 [Ferns of N. A. I : 311 ; Man. R. M. 443.] This has been reported from Montana, but I have not seen any specimens. * Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffmann) Underwood, Our Na- tive Ferns, 116 [111. Fl. i: 18] ; Polypodiuni dilatatum Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 2 : 7 ; Aspidiuin spinnlosum dilatatwn Hook. Brit. Fl. 444 [Ferns of N. A. 2 : 165]. It differs from the typical D. spinulosa by the more numerous and larger scales of the stipe and the broader triangular fronds ; the scales generally have a darker center. In rich damp woods, ver}'^ rare. Montana: Missoula Co., Mrs. J. J. Kennedy. Polystichum Lonchitis CL.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 71; Dryop- teris Lonchitis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 813 [111. Fl. i : 14] ; Polypodimn Lonchitis L. Sp. PL 1088 ; Aspidiuin Lonchitis Sw. ; Schrad. Jour. Bot. 2 : 30 [Ferns of N. A. i : 161 ; Our Native Ferns; Man. R. M. 444]. Among rocks, probably up to an altitude of 2000 m. ; rare. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzueedy ; East Boulder, 1887, 2^2; Bozeman, 1886, Peter Koch, 1102; Mrs. P. Koch; Lake Terry, 1892, R. S. Williams, gj2. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 243 [Ferns of N. A. i : 157 ; Our Native Ferns, 109; Man. R. M. 443 ; 111. Fl. i : 19] ; Polypodium Dryopteris L. Sp. PI. 1093. In rocky woods, reaching an altitude of little over 1000 m. 4 MEMOIRS OP^ THE ^KW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Deer Lodge Co., Af/ss Emma Ware: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, pjo: Missoula, 1880, Watson. Asplenium Filix-foemina (L.) Bernh. ; Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. i : 26 [Ferns of N. A. 2 : 225 ; Our Native Ferns, 107 ; Man. R. M. 443: 111. Fl. i: 26; Bot. Cal. 2: 344]; Polxpodiiun Filix- foemina L. Sp. PL 1090. Rather common in rich, damp woods, at an altitude of 1000— 2500 m. Montana: Sweet Grass Canon, Sept. 5, 1896, Flodman, 12; West Boulder, 1887, Tiveedv, 2gi ; Bozeman, W. T. Shaw; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Estella Math; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Peter Koch; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, 328; Columbia Falls, 1892, g2g. Yellowstone Park: Broad Creek, 1885, Tzvcedx, 800. Adiantum pedatum L. Sp. PI. 1095 [Ferns of N. A. i : 135 ; Our Xat. Ferns, 90; Man. R. M. 442; 111. Fl. i : 27 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 342]- In rich woods, up to an altitude of perhaps 1500 m. Montana : Deer Lodge Co., Miss Frances Ilohson : Lake Terrv, 1892, R. S. Williams, gji. Cheilanthes Feci Moore, Ind., Fil. 240; C. gracilis (Fee) Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: t,6 [Our Nat. Ferns, 94; 111. Fl. i: 31] not Kaulf. ; Myriofteris gracilis Fee, Gen. Fil. 150; Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2 : 99 [Man. R. M. 440; Ferns of N. A. i : 41]. In crevices of exposed rocks, to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Ruby Cliffs, Madison Co., 1887, Tzveedy, 28g; Mis- soula Co., Mrs. Kennedy ; Deep Creek, 1891, R. S. Williams, 281. * Pellaea pumila. Pcllaea Breiceri Rydberg, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 535. Not Eaton. Rootstock short and thick, densely covered with rusty hair-like scales; stipes tufted, 1-3 cm. long, dark brown, glabrous and shin- ing, very slender, in age slightly septate ; fronds 3-8, seldom 10 cm. long, oblong in outline, simph^ pinnate with 2-5 pairs of pinnae, dark green, shining, firm and somewhat coriaceous ; pinnae in both fertile fronds oblong, about i cm. long, mostly obtuse, entire or the lower ones with one or two lobes at the base; indusium broad, wholly cov- ering the sori. .MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 5 In size and general habit it resembles most P, Brczuen\ but the leaves are decidedly coriaceous, the stipe more slender and less plainly septate. It has also been regarded as a depauperate form of P. afropurpu7'ca, from which it differs in the smaller size, the more tufted habit, the broader pinnae of the fertile fronds, and the scarcity of hairs or scales on the stipe. In P. atropnrparea, the pinnae of the fertile fronds are almost linear, much narrower than those of the sterile fronds. In crevices of exposed rocks. P. atropurpiirea is most at home in more shaded places, but apparently lacking alto- gether in Montana. Montana : Belt Mountains, 1884, J. S. Newberry ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; Tenderfoot Creek, R. S. Williains, 2^1. It has also been collected in the following states : Wyoming : Laramie Hills, 1896, Ave)i Ncho)i, igig. South Dakota: Black Hills, 1892, Rvdberg, iigi (type). Washington: W. Klickitat Co., 1892, W. JV. Sicksdorf, 2o8j. Pteris aquilina L. Sp. PI. 1075 [Ferns of N. A. i : 263 ; Our Nat. Ferns, 91 : Man. R. M. 442 ; 111. Fl. i : 28 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 341]- In woods at an altitude of about 1000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, /?. 6'. Williams, ^28 ; Missoula, 1898, Williams d- Griffith. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. in Frankl. Journ. App. 767 [Ferns of N. A. 2 : 99 ; Our Nat. Ferns, 97 ; Man. R. M. 441 ; 111. Fl. i: 28; Bot. Cal. 2: 341]. Among shaded rock-slides at an altitude of 2-3000 m. Montana; Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., August 19, 1896, Flodman, 11 ; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, 2pj ; North Fork, Sun River, 1887, P. S. Williams, jii : Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 35- Yellowstone Park : 1888, Rez-. Dr. Chas. H. Hall ; Obsidian Canon, 1884, Tweedy, y: 1883, J//55 Mary Compton ; Shoshone Lake and Lower Geyser Basin, Coulter. Polypodium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 1085 [Ferns of N. A. i : 237 : Our Native Ferns, 82 ; Man. R. M. 439; 111. Fl. i: 32; Bot. Cal. 2: 334]. It is rare in Montana, growing among rocks, ascending to an alti- tude of a little over 1000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, g2j. 6 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. MARSILIACEAE. Marsilia vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. fl. ijg [Man. R. M. 437 ; Our Native Ferns, 126; 111. Fl. i : 34 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 351]. In shallow water, rare, reaching an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Upper Missouri, Gcvcr : Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. WiUiams, 857: Big Blackfoot, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Coulter. EQUISETACEAE. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PL 1061 [Man. R. M. 445 : Our Native Ferns, 133; 111. Fl. i : 36 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 330], In damp places, especially in sand}' soil, to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Math; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams, 8ij; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzcecdy, i6g. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzcccdy, Soi ; Yellow- stone Lake, Adams. * Equisetum arvense campestre (Schultz) Milde, Filices, 217; R. campestre Schultz, Fl. Starg, Suppl. I : 59 ; R. arvense var. sero- tinmn, Meyer, Chlor. Han. 1836. It differs from the type in the fact that it bears small spikes on the low and slender sterile shoots. It grows in muddy places up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rvdberg d- Bessey. * Equisetum fluviatile L. Sp. PL 1062 [111. Fl. i : 37] ; R. limosum L. Sp. PL 1062 [Our Native Ferns, 134]. Stems annual, all alike, with short branches and appressed sheets. It is a rare plant, growing in water. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams., g2j. • Equisetum robustum A. Br.; Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46 : 88 [Man. R. M. 446 ; Our Native Ferns, 135 ; 111. Fl. i : 38 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 330], In rich, wet soil, especia,lly among bushes, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: West Gallatin, 1892, W. T. S/iazc. Yelloavstone Park : Hot Sulphur Springs, Adams. Equisetum hyemale L. Sp. PL 1062 [Man. R. M. 446 ; Our Na- tive Ferns, 135 ; 111. Fl. i : 38 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 331]. IMEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 7 On river banks and in swamp lands, to an altitude of 2000 m. ; rare. Yellowstone Park : Swan Lake, 1885, Tzuccdy, 862. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. ; Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 871 [Man. R. M. 445 ; Our Native Ferns, 135 ; 111. Fl. i : 38 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 331]. Common in wet meadows to an altitude of 1500 m. It is regarded as a good hay plant. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, July 24, 1896, Flochnan, ig; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. T. Shazu; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, joj ; Twin Bridges, 1892, //. M. Fitch. Equisetum variegatum Schleich, Cat. PI. Helvet. 27 [Man. R. M. 446; Our Native Ferns, 135 : 111. Fl. i : 39]. On river banks and other wet places up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Flathead River, 1892, R. S. WiHiains, g22. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tivccdy^ 80^; Lower Geyser Basin, Coulter. Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 281 [Man. R. M. 446; Our Native Ferns, 135; 111. Fl. i: 39]. On sandy shores and bars: rare. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, g2i. SELAGINELLACEAE. *Selaginella densa. Densely tufted ; sterile branches very short, crowded and generally incurved; leaves densely crowded and many-ranked, 3-5 mm. long, linear or in age almost needle-shaped, thickened, slightly flattened dorsally, grooved on the back, ciliate on the margin, and tipped with a white 1-2 mm. long bristle, fertile branches erect, 1-2 cm. long; bracts imbricated, 4-ranked, thick, making the branches look 4- angled, triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, broadly triangular in cross- section, deeply grooved on the back, ciliate on the margin, and tipped with a white .3-. 7 mm. long bristle. It has been known as S. rupcstris, but is evidently distinct from the plant of the eastern United States. Although there are scarcely anj' good technical characters by which to separate the two, the striking dif- ference in habit I think is sufficient. In S. dciisa, the sterile branches are always very short, incurved, densely covered with narrower leaves. The difference between leaves and bracts is more striking. 8 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, The bristles of the former are twice as long as those of the latter, while in S. rupcstris there is little difference if any in the length of the bristles. The grooves of the bracts are also much deeper in S. densa than in S. riipesfris. The dense short sterile branches of the former, their crowded leaves, the long bristles, and the- often yellow- ish-green color make the species look still more moss-like than its eastern ally. S. dciisa grows on exposed hill-sides, among gravel or rocks throughout the Rock}' Mountain Region, extending eastward to the Black Hills of Western Nebraska. The following specimens have been examined from Montana. Montana: Little Rock}- Mountains, 1889, Dr. J^. Jlavard; Sil- ver Bow Co. , J//'5. JoDi/'c Moore i Deer Lodge, Dr. JVczuberrx ; Park Co., 1887, T-wecdy, 172: Wolf Creek, 1888, R. S. Williams, 334: Ross' Hole, 1880, Waisoii: Missoula, 1898, Williams i.i- Griffith. LYCOPODIACEAE. Lycopodium annotinum L. Sp. PI. 1103 [Man. R. M. 436 ; Our Na- tive Ferns, 137 : 111. Fl. i : 42 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 349]. In woods to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Lake Teny, 1892, R. S. Willia)}is, p^y. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tzcrcdy, 418; Upper Falls, Adams. ISOETACEAE. Isoetes Bolanderi Engelm. Amer. Nat. 8 : 214 [Man. R, M. 435: Our Native Ferns, 144; Bot. Cal. 2: 350]. In shallow w^ater and wet shores, at an altitude of 15-2500 m. Montana: East Boulder, 1887, Tzcccdy, 172. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, joy ; Mudflats, Yel- lowstone River, C. C. Parry (var. Parryi) ; Lewis Lake, 1884, P. Tweedy, j/; Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tiveedy, 416 (?). GYMNOSPERMAE. PINACEAE. Pinus flexilis James in Long's Exped. 2: 34 [Sargent, Silva, 11. 35 ; Man. R. M. 431 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 124]. It is a rather rare tree, growing scattered on hillsides up to an alti- tude of 3000 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NE^y YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 9 Montana: Bozeman, 1883, T. S. Braudcgcc, 173: Indian Creek, 1886, Tzvccdy. Yellowstone Park : Tzvecdx . Pinus albicaulis Engelm. in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 2: 209 [Silva, II : 35] ; Pinus fexilis albicaulis Engelm. in Wats. Bot, Calif. 2: 124 [Man. R. M. 432]. Not ver}' uncommon on high hills or mountain tops at an altitude of 2000 m. or more. On alpine peaks, especially in exposed situa- tions, it becomes much stunted, only a few feet high and with the lower branches spread flat on the ground. In these stunted individuals the wood is very hard owing to the slow growth of the tree. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydbcrg tC- Bcs- sex^ 3528; July 16, 1896, Flodnian, 21; Upper Gallatin River, 1886, F. T^vccdy. Yellom'stone Park : Ticccdx. Pinus ponderosa Dough, Lawson, Man., 354 [Silva N. Am. 11 : 77 ; Man. R. M. 432; 111. Fl. i : 51 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 125]. It seems to be confined to the western slope of the Rockies and is apparently rare in Montana. It grows in rich soil and furnishes ex- cellent lumber. It does not reach an altitude of much more than 1000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, August, 1888, F. Tzvccdx^ go. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon, Garden & Forest, 10 : 183 ; Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm., Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 126 [Silva Am. 11 : 80; Man. R. M., 432 ; 111. Fl. i : 51 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 126] . I believe that this should rather be regarded as a distinct species, differing from P. ponderosa in the much shorter leaves, which are usually in twos, the short conic-ovoid cone and the rounded crown. Specimens that I have seen of P. fondcrosa have leaves nearly twice as long as those of P. scopulorum, and cones which are elongated ovoid. It is also a much taller tree, growing in rich low soil, while P. scopulorum is always growing on dry hills or mountain sides at an elevation of 1-2000 m. Pinus Murrayana " Oreg. Com." in Murra}^ Bot. Exped. Ore., 262 ; Pinus contort a JMurrayana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 126 [Silva Am. 11 : 90; Man. R. M. 433]. The Lodgepole Pine is the most common pine in the mountain re- lO MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. gions of Western Montana and the Yellowstone Park, and next to the Douglas Fir or Red Fir the most important lumber tree of the region. As it generally is of a rather small size it is more used for wood, railroad ties, and at the mines than for lumber. The areas ravaged by forest fires are generally reforested by this pine alone, and the young trees come up so close together that they form thickets that can scarcely be penetrated. In the Yellowstone Park, the species reaches an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 30, 1897, J^xdbcrg c£- Bcsscy^ 3j2^- Highwood Caiion, 1888, R. S. Williaiiis, 717: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy. Yellowstone Park: Tzceedv; Lone Star Geyser, August 7, Rydbcrg & Bessev, Sj2j : Yellowstone Lake, August 12, 3^26; Yellowstone Falls, August 14, 3327. Pinus contorta Dougl., Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292 [Man. R. M. 432 ; Silva Am. 11 : 89 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 126] . This species is reported as growing in Montana by Sargent, Sud- worth and others. It is doubtful, however, if the true -P. eoiilorta really grows in the state. That species is a native of the sandy dunes of the Pacific coast, from northern California to Alaska. On dry hills, at an altitude of about 2000 m., there is growing in Mon- tana a straggling tree, bearing cones w^hen only a meter or two high. As these trees bear cones that are very oblique and often remain closed for years, characters that well agree with the description of P. contorta., they have generally been regarded as belonging to that species. To this form belong the specimens cited below'. I think, how'ever, that they may just as well represent a depauperate form of P. Miirrayana. Montana : Spanish Basin, June 16 and 28, 1897, Rydbcrg- 1(- ^('5- s^y^ 3522 and 3323. * Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3 : 143 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 112. It resembles the eastern Larch or Tamarack, but has cones about twice as large. It grows in cold swamps in the northwestern part of the state. Montana: Mt. Haggin, Deer Lodge Co., 1888, P. Tzceedy, gi ; Missoula, 1898, WiUiaius & Griffith. Picca -pungonG. Engelm. in London Gard. Chron. 1879: 334 [Man. '^^•^^■^'"^ R. M. 431] ; Abies Mcnziesii Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II.,. 34 : 330. Not Lindl. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. II It has been reported for Montana, but no specimens have been seen by me. It is^ fairly common in the Yellowstone Park at an altitude of about 2000 m. Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rvdbej'g ct- Bessey, Jjji. Picea Engelmannli Parry ; Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2: 212 [Man. R. M. 431]. This is the most common spruce in Montana and the Park, grow- ing together with the Lodge Pole Pine and the Douglas Spruce in richer woods, at an altitude of 1000 to 2500 m. Montana: Rea Mountains, Sept., 1884,,/. S. Nezvherry (with narrow rhomboid scales) ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Ryd- berg d~ Bessey, J jjj ; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, jjj2; Madison Co., 18865 Tzueedy ; Virginia City, 1886, Tweedy. Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydbe?'g cC- Bessey, Jjjo ; Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, Jj2p. *Picea Columbiana Lemmon, Gard. & Forest 10: 183. A pyramidal tree, 20-30 m. high with grayisli bark ; on the stem and older branches, yellowish or brownish on last year's branches, and light 3'ellow on those of the season ; branches and sterigmata perfectly glabrous and shining ; the free portion of the latter about I mm. long and with small auricles at the base ; leaves 1-2 cm. long, glaucous green, short-acute, carinate and 2-grooved on both sur- faces, the carina of the upper surface slightly stronger ; the cross- section is therefore somewhat irregularly rhomboid ; fertile cones about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter, ellipsoid; scales broadly obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long and about i cm. wide, rounded at apex and irregularly erose. In central Montana it is known as White Spruce, but it is plainly distinct from the White Spruce of eastern United States. Although the general habit and the color of the foliage are the same and the branches are perfectly glabrous in both, there is a striking difference in the form of the cones and the leaves. In B. Canadensis the cones are almost cylindrical ; in B. 'CoIiDnhiaua decidedly ellipsoid. In the former the scales are very concave and the margin almost entire ; in the latter, the scales are strongly erose as in B. E)igelniannii. In B. Colanihiaiia the leaves are much more short pointed than in B. Canadensis. B. Columbiana is far more nearly related to B. En- gelniannii, from which it differs only in the perfectly glabrous branches and sterigmata and in the less rhomboid scales of the cones. 12 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. It may be only a form of that species. P. Canadensis has been re- ported from Montana several times but I doubt its occurrence there. Probably P. Columbiana has been mistaken for it. The latter arrows in the canons of the mountains of central and southern Mon tana at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, Jul}^ 15, 1897, Pydbcrg d- Bcsscy^ jjj^; Emigrant Gulch, August 23, 1897, JjJJ- Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudworth, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 266; Abies niiicrouata Raf., Atl. Journ. 120; Finns taxifolia Lambert, Pinus, Ed. i: 51. 1803; not Salisb. 1796; Abies Douglasii Lindl. in Penn. Cvcl. 1:32; Pseudotsuga Douglasii (Lindl.) Carr. Trait. Con., >:ouv. Ed. 256 [Man. R. M. 431; Bot. Cal. 2 : 120]. The Douglas Spruce or Red Fir is the most valuable lumber tree in western Montana. It is common in the mountain regions from the Big Snowies westward, and ascends to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 26, 1897, Rydberg ti' Pessey, ^54-0; Electric Peak, August 18, jjj/ and JjjS ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw ; Great Falls, 1889, R. S. Williams^ yjj. Yellowstone Park : Tzceedv; Rydberg d- Pessev. * Abies grandis Lindl., in Penn. Cycl. i: 30 [Bot. Cal. 2: 118] : Abies aroniatiea Raf. in Atl. Journ. 119, 1832 (?). Bark thin, finely checked, and dingy white although quite dark on the surface; cones narrow, 5-7.5 cm. long; male flowers yellow. Yellowstone Park: Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, 1897, Ryd- berg & Pessey, JS3S i Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams^ gio. Idaho : (near the border) Isabel JMuIford. * Abies amabilis (Loud.) Forb. Pinetum Wob., 12$, f I. 44.; Pinus grandis Lamb., Pinus, Ed. i, 3: pi. 26, 1837, not Lindl. ; Pieea amabilis Loud. Arb. Frut. 4: 2342, /". 224'j-8, 1838. It is characterized by its reddish bark, crimson male flowers, cones 7.5-10 cm. long, leaves not twisted. Abies lasiocarpa ( Hook. ) Nutt. Sylva 3 : 138 ; Pinus lasioearpa Hook Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 163 ; Abies subaJpina Engelm. ; Ward, in Amer. Nat. 10: 555 [Man. R. M. 430]. It is a rather rare tree growing near the timber line on the higher mountains, generally among rocks, at an altitude of 2000 m. or more. As a rule it is a low and stunted tree. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1 3 Montana: Old Hollow-top, near Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydbcj-gdc Bessey, j_^j6 ; Madison Co., 1886, Tzvccdw Yellowstone Park : Tzcecdy. Idaho (near the Montana Border) : Miss Isahcl Miil/ord. * Thuja plicataDon. Hort. Cantab. Ed. 6, 249 ; T/iu/a gigaiifca Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 52 [Bot. Cal. 2: 115]. It resembles the T. occidcntah's L. of the East, but its cones are larger, the fertile ones with 6 or more fertile flowers. It is rare in Montana, belonging to the region west of the Rockies and growing in cold, wet woods. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williaius, po/. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Garden & Forest, 10 : 420 ; Juni- per us Virgin in iia Coult. Man. R. M. 430, in part. It differs from its eastern ally in having a rounded, intricateh^ branched crown, shorter leaves and berries that require two years to mature. It grows on hillsides and in canons up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 24, 1897, Rvdbcrg & Bessey, 3541 ; Rainbow Falls, 1887, R. S. Williams, 7?^; Middle Creek, 1886, T'u'ccdy, b; Custer Co., Mrs. Light. Juniperus prostrata Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 632; Juniperus Sabina pro- cumbens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 647 [Man. R. M. 430; 111. Fl. i: 60]. Montana: Belt Mountains, 1884,,/. S. Xcivberry ; Belt Canon, 1886, R. S. Williams, yj J ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T.Shaw; Spanish Creek, 1886, Tzceedv. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 166 [Man. R. M. 429; Bot. Cal. 2: 113]; juniperus exeelsa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 467. Not Bieb. It has been reported from Montana but I have not seen any speci- mens. It is not uncommon in adjacent Idaho, growing on mountain sides at an altitude of 2500 m. Idaho : ATiss Isabel Mulford. Juniperus Sibirica Burgsdorff, Anleit. Holz. 272 ; Juniperus com- munis montana Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 414; Juniperus nana Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 854 [111. Fl. i: 60]; Juniperus communis alpina Gaud. Fl. Helv. 4: 301 [Man. R. M. 429; Bot. Cal. 2: 113]. On dry hills and mountain sides, at an altitude of 15-2500 m. 14 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Jack Creek, Jul}- 15, 1897, I^ydbcrg cf- Bcsscy, 3^4.2 : Belt Canon, 1886, R. S. Williams, 732; Helena, 1892, Kchcy ; Bozeman, W. T. Shaw. Yellowstone Park : Lone Star Geyser, Rydbcrg tC- Bessey, 354-3- Idaho: Henry's Lake, 1892, /^c/Zt/ J/// /A>r<:/. MONOCOTYLEDONES. TYPHACEAE. Typha latifolia L. Sp. PL 971 [Man. R. M. 359: 111. Fl. i : 62 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 188]. In swamps and slow running streams, to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, Kehcy. Yellowstone Park : Head of Yellowstone Lake, Parry. SPARGANIACEAE. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 430 [Man. R. M. 359; Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15: 76; 111. Fl. i: 6-^', Bot. Cal. 2: 188]. In swamps, at an altitude of less than 1500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydbcrg. * Sparganium simplex multipedunculatum Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15: 79. It differs from the type in having a more branched inflorescence with some of the lower heads peduncled. In swamps and lakes at an altitude of 1-2000 m. Montana: Belt Creek, 1887, R. S. Williams, ^gy ; Meadow Creek, 1886, F. Tweedy, logy. * Sparganium natans L. Sp. PI. 971. This species differs from S. simplex in the leaves, which are longer, floating and not at all triangular at the base. It has gen- erally been confused with S. si)iiplcx angustifolium (Michx.) Engelm. It is a boreal plant and not found in the United States ex- cept in the mountain regions, where it extends south to Colorado. In the Yellowstone Park, it grows at an altitude of about 2000 m. Yelloavstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bessey, 372J ; Gibbon River, 1884, Tztredv. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1 5 Also collected at the following localities : Alaska: Attu Island, 1891,,/^. J/. Ufacoiin, ij8. Colorado: 1872, C. C. Parr v. * Sparganium minimum Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 68 [Morong, Bull. Ton-. Bot. Club, 15 : 80 ; 111. Fl. i : 64]. In streams, perhaps ascending a little over 1000 m. in altitude. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, 7?. S. Williaius, 8gg. NAIADACEAE. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PL 126 [Man. R. M. 362 ; Morong, Monograph in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 3 : part 2, 13 : 111. Fl. 1: 66; Bot. Cal. 2: 195]. It is reported as growing in Montana, but I have not seen any specimens from the state. It is found in the surrounding states. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Misc. Bot. 13 [Morong, Mon. 19; 111. Fl. I : 68] ; Potinnogcton rufcscciis Schrad. ; Cham. Adn. Fl. Ber. 4. 1815 [Man. R. M. 362; Bot. Cal. 2: 195]. In streams up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Madison River, 1886, Tweedy, iio^. Yellowstone Park: Clifford Richardson, ace. to Morong; Hot Sulphur Springs, Adams. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spicil. Fl. Lips. 21 [Morong, Mon. 23 ; 111. Fl. i : 69] ; Potamogeton gramiucus Fries, Novit., Ed. 2, 36 [Man. R. M. 363; Bot. Cal. 2: 196]. It differs from the preceding by its narrower, linear or linear-lan- ceolate submerged leaves. In still and flowing water to an altitude of 2200 m. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Geyser Basin, Clifford Richard- son. * Potamogeton heterophyllus graminifolius (Fries) Morong, Mon. 24 [111. Fl. 1 : 69]; Potamogeton grami)! ens gramimyoIiusYv'iQs, Novit. Ed. 2, 36. It is distinguished by its narrow, flaccid submerged leaves. Montana: Whitefish Lake, 1892, R. S. Williams, goo. Yellowstone Park : Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rxdbergd: Pessev, 372 j: Lake, 1885, Tu'eedy, ^11. * Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. in Roem. Arch. 3: 331 [Morong, Mon. 32 ; 111. Fl. I : 71 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 197]. 1 6 :me.moirs of the new york botanical garden. It resembles somewhat the preceding, but lacks the floating leaves At an altitude of about 2000 m. Yellowstone Park: Clifford R/c/iardsoii, ace. to Morong. * Potamogeton foliosus Raf . Med. Rep. II, 5 : 354 [Morong, Mon. 39 ; 111. Fl. I : 73] : Potamogeton -pauciforiis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 121 [Bot. Cal. 2: 197]. Not Lam. It resembles much P. piisilliis, but has very short spikes and pe- duncles, and lacks propagating buds and glands. In ponds and slow streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Butte, July 31, 1895, Rxdbcrg: Bitter-root Valley, 1880, Wats-oii. * Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch, Deutschl. Fl. i : 855 [Mo- rong, Mon. 40 : 111. Fl. i : 73] ; Potaiiiogrton rojiiprcssns Wahl. Fl. Suec. I : 107. It is characterized by its narrow, linear, obtuse leaves and free stipules. In still water up to an altitude of 2000 m. Yellowstone Park : Shoshone Geyser Basin, Clifford Richard- son^ ace. to Morong. * Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Med. Rep. (II.) 5: 354 [Morong, Mon. 48; 111. Fl. i: 76]. It has adnate stipules as the three preceding species, but differs in the presence of floating leaves, which resemble somewhat those of P. natvns, but are much smaller. In still water, up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1891, P. S. Williams, Sjj. Potamogeton filiformis Pers. Syn. PI. i: 152 [Morong, Mon. 50; 111. Fl. I : 77] ; Potamogeton marinus Coulter, Man. R. M. 364 [Bot. Cal. 2: 198]. In streams, at an altitude of 1000 to 2500 m. The tvpical form is apparently rare. Yellowstone Park: Aug., 1884, F. Tzccedy, 2jo, 2ji. Potamogeton filiformis occidentalis (Robbins) Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 3; part 2, 51, Potamogeton marinas occidentalis Rob- bins, Bot. King Exped. 339 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 198]. This is more common than the type. Montana: Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Watson; Missoula, 1880, Watso)i . aiEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1 7 Yellowstone Park : Shoshone Geyser Basin, Clifford Richai'L- son (ace. to Morong) ; Sour Creek, 1885, Tzuccdw ^12. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. PI. 127 [Man. R. M. 364; Morong, Mon. 51 ; 111. Fl. I : 77 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 19S]. In ponds and shallow lakes up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1885, A'. .S'. Williams, 284: Missoula, 1880, Watsoji. Potamogeton Robbinsii Oakes, Hovev's Mag. 7 : 180 [Man. R. M. 364; ]Morong, Mon. 54; 111. Fl. i: 78; Bot. Cal. 2: 198]. It is reported by Coulter as growing in the Yellowstone Park, but I have seen no specimens from there. Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Sp. PI. 126 [Man. R. ]M. "^^6-;:^ : Morong, Mon. 2.^'^ Ill- Fl- 1:71: Bot. Cal. 2: 197]. In lakes, ponds and slow streams up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Missoula, 1880, IWi/sou. Potamogeton perfoliatus Richardsonii Bennett, Britten's Journ. Bot. 27: 25 [Morong, Mon. 33; 111. Fl. i : 71] ; Potanioo-cton perfoli- atus lanccolatns Robbins, in Gra}', Man. Ed. 5, 448 [Man. R. M. 363 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 197] : not Blytt. More common than the species and reaching a higher altitude, viz., 2200 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1897, //. S. Jcnniiigs. Yellowstone Park : Lake, 1885, Tzcccdv, ^ij. * Potamogeton Zizii Roth, Enum. i : 531 [III. Fl. i : 70] ; Potamo- orlo)i aii^itsli/'oliiis Berch. & Presl, Rost. 19 [Morong, Mon. 29] ; not DC. This is characterized by its sessile submerged leaves. It grows in lakes and streams at altitudes from 1000 to 2500 m. Montana : Haydcn Siirvex, ace. to Morong. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Pcsscy, J/24. Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. PI. 969 [Man. R. M. 362 ; Morong, Mon. 57; 111. Fl. i: 80; Bot. Cal. 2: 193]. In pools and the shallow margins of ponds and lakes, up to an alti- tude of 1000 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams , jjj ; Madison River, 1886, Tzvccdy, logg. l8 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Ruppia pectinata. Intricately branched and very leafy ; internodes very short : leaves filiform, 3—5 cm. long: stipules h^-aline, 7—10 mm. long, i— 1.5 mm. wide at the base, adnate their whole length, seldom with a small round free tip ; peduncles 3-5 cm. long, straight, or in fruit re- curved, but apparently not spirally curved ; pedicels about i cm. long; fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, with an almost sessile stigma. It most resembles a short-peduncled form of R. inaritiina^ from which it differs in the fruit, which is smaller, not long-beaked as in that species, and not oblique. R. occidciitalis has both the leaves and stipules much longer and the fruit is pear-shaped. R. fcctinata somewhat resembles in habit Potcnnogcton pccf/)iafiis, hence the name. It grows in brackish ponds. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Ticcedv, 32^. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Triglochin palustris L. Sp. PL 338 [Man. R. M. 364; Morong, Mon. 6 ; 111. Fl. i : S3 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 199] . In marshes, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Dillon, July 7, 1895, Rydbc?'g, Belt Canon, 1886, R. S. Williams, 363. Triglochin maritima L. Sp. PL 339 [Man. R. ]M. 364; Morong, Mon. 8 ; 111. Fl. i : 83 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 199] . Common in salt marshes up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, July 24, 1896, Flodiuaii, Au- gust, 1887, R. S. Williaius, 631 ; Boulder Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 301 ; Missouri River, 1882, Caiiby. Yellowstone Park : Hot Springs, 1884, Tzcccdy, 363, 1888, Rev. Dr. C. //. //a// ; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rvd- herg tC- J3csscv, 3/36. ALISMACEAE. Alisma Plantago L. Sp. PL 342 [111. FL i : 85 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 200] var. Aiucricaiia Gra}', Man. Ed. 2 : 438 [Man. R. M. 361]. In shallow water and wet ground, up to an altitude of 1500 m., but rather rare in the region. .. Montana: Bozeman, 1892, Mrs. Aldcrsoii. Alisma Geyeri Torr. in Nicollet, Rep. Hvdrog. Upper Miss. 162. 1843. The species was discovered during the Nicollet expedition on MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I9 mudd}' margins of ponds near Devil's Lake, N. D., but had not been found since until rediscovered by Williams in Montana. It has gen- erally been referred to ^1, Plaiifagv, but I think it is a disdnct species. The leaves are lanceolate, tapering at both ends, about 5- ribbed. The lower portion of the petiole is much dilated and more or less scarious-margined. The scape is very short and the inflo- rescence scarcely exceeds the leaves. The bracts are broadly lan- ceolate and more or less scarious. Montana: Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Jl7///(n//s, 6j^. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 409 [J. G. Smith, Mon. in Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 : 32] ; Sagiftar/a variabilis Engelm. in Gray, Man. 461 [Man. R. M. 361 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 201]. It is reported from Montana, but I have not seen any specimens from the state. All specimens seen which are labeled S. variabilis be- long to the next species. * Sagittaria arifolia Xutt. : J. G. Smith, INIon. in Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32 [111. Fl. i: 89]. This differs from the preceding in the very short erect style, and the longer lanceolate bracts. It grows in shallow water, up to an alti- tude of 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Williams, 28 j; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrson; Teton River, 1883, 6'cr/(^;/^r, joo,' Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 333. *Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 20: 283 [J. G. Smith, Mon. 34: 111. Fl. i: 89]. It is characterized by the narrow, sagittate leaves and the broad lanceolate phyllodes at the base. It grows submerged in shallow water, and ascends to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Herbarium of Montana College of Agriculture (name of collector not given). Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- bcrg- d- Bcssey, 3y3y : 1885, Tzvccdy, ^og. GRAMINEAE. Andropogon scoparius Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 57 [Man. R. M. 405 ; 111. Fl. I : lOi] . Dry hills in the plain and prairie regions to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Smith River, 1883, Scribner^ 331 . 20 .AIEMOIRS OF THE ^■E^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Andropogon Hallii Hack. Sitzb. Akacj. Wien, 89: 127 [111. Fl. i : lOl]. Like A. fitrcatiis^ but the joints of the rachis and pedicels pubes- cent with long silky hairs and the awn short and straight or none. Sand hills and badlands in the eastern part of ^Montana. Montana: L. F. Ward. Yellowstone Park : iS^^, Havden. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. I : 39 ; PcDiicnni glauciini L. Sp. PI. 56; Setaria glauca Beauv. Agrost. 51 [111. Fl. i: 126: Man. R. M. 404: Bot. Cal. 2 : 260] . Introduced, especiall}' in fields, along roads and in waste places. Montana: 1883, 6V;v7;;/^;'. * Panicum pubescens Lam. Enc. 4: 748 [111. Fl. i : 121] ; Paniciim dichotonmin Coult. ]Man. R. M. 404, in part (? )• This belongs to the dichotoimim group and is characterized by the pubescent sheaths, leaves and spikelets. It grows in meadows up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Sun River Caiion, 1887, R. S. Will/aiiis, jpj. * Panicum thermale Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 : 181 ; Panicum dichotomuin -pubescens Tweedy, Fl. Yell. Nat. Park, 69. It is a very near relative to the preceding, differing principally in the dense velvety pubescence, and is generally of a stunted and bunched habit. It grows in the neighborhood of the hot springs, especially in the white siliceous sand of the geyser formations, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Warm Springs, Helena, 1892, Kehcy. Yellowstone Park: Hot Springs, 1884, Tzaccdy, 263: 1885, jSo; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, jj^6 and J 347; Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 6, JJ-/S ; Mud Springs, 187 1, Ha V den. Panicum capillare L. Sp. PI. 58 [Man. R. M. 403 ; 111. Fl. i : 123 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 258]. In waste places, old fields, etc., in the plain regions of the state, ascending to an altitude of a little over 1000 m. Montana: Custer Co., 1892, J/r5. Light; Missouri River, 1883, Scribner., J2S (var. mininiuni Engl.). MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAE GARDEN, 21 Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash. Paniaun capillare hrevifolianiXdi'&Q.y \ Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. x\grost. 5 : 21 ; not Panicum hrevifoJitun L. Culms at length branched and rooting at the lower nodes, the up- per portion below the panicle pubescent with spreading hairs :.leaves confined to the base of the culm ; sheaths coarsely striate, densely pubescent with spreading hairs, the hairs arising from papillae ; ligule a short scarious ring ; blades erect, pubescent on both surfaces with spreading hairs, sparsely so above, 4-13 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, lanceolate : panicle ovate, 1-2 dm. long, the lower part of the axis and the basal part of the lower branches.together with the axils of all the branches pubescent with spreading hairs, the remaining portion of the axis together with the branches and their spreading divisions very rough with a hispid pubescence, the branches widely spreading, the lower ones finally reflexed : spikelets lanceolate, acuminate, ap- pressed, on strongly hispid pedicels, 3-3.3 mm. long, glabrous; first scale clasping the base of the spikelet, a little less than one-half its length, broadly ovate, rather abruptly acute, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves converging toward the midnerve at about the middle and some- times running into it; second and third scales 7-nerved, acute, pubes- cent at the very apex, the former a little exceeding the latter ; fourth scale chartaceous, elliptic, about two-thirds as long as the second scale, about 1.8 mm. long and 0.7 mm. wide, obtuse at the apex. In wet and sand}^ soil at an altitude of 1500 to 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, August 4, 1897, Rydberg (.i- Bcsscy, JJ44 (type). Montana: Great Falls, 1890, R. S. IVil/iams, 8^3; Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg, 436 (?). Echinochloa Crus-galli (L.) Beau v. Agrost. 53 ; Pan i aim Criis-gaUi L. Sp. PI. 56 [Man. R. M. 403 ; 111. Fl. i : 113 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 2^60] . In waste places, around dwellings and in neglected fields, Montana: Ulm, 1887, 7?. S. Wtlliams, jp/. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 55 [Man. R. M. 406; 111. Fl. i: 130 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 265]. Common in wet meadows and sloughs, throughout the region up to an altitude of 2500 m. It makes a good, but coarse, hay. Montana: Dillon, July 3, 1895, C. L. Shear, jjq and P. A. Rydberg, 2o8g: Townsend, July 16, 1895, Rydberg, 2166: Man- hattan, July 17, C. L. Shear, 423 ; East Gallatin Swamps, July 24, i^g6, Plodman, 23 : Gallatin River, 1886, Tzueedv, loog ; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3348; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. 22 .MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Williams, jjj ; Missoula, 1880, Watson; Hell Gate, 1880, Watson; Spanish Basin, 1896, Bydbcrg, jijS : 1883, Scribncr, jj2 ; Swim- ming Women Creek, 1882, Tzuccdy. Yellowstone Park : Lake, 1885, Tzvccdy, jyg. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribner, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 34 [111. Fl. I : 132] ; HolcHS odoratiis L. Sp. PI. 1048 ; Hicrochloa borealis R. «& S. Syst. 2: 513 [Man. R. M. 406]. In wet places among bushes, on wooded river banks and in open woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: jNIanhattan, July 17, 1895, Shear, ^jj, and Bydhcrg, 218^: Logan, July 27, Rydberg, 2jii : Great Falls, 1886, 7?. S. Williams, j6j : Madison River, 1883, Scribnc)-, jjj. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tzvccdy, 64S ; Yellow- stone Lake, 187 1, Hay den. Aristida longiseta Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 420. On dry hills, especially in sandy soil. It is rare in ]Montana, ascending to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, Tzi'eedy, 1006; Hilgers, 1892, Kelsey ; Belt Creek, 1883, Scribner, jj6 : Billings, 1898, Williams d- Griffith. Stipa Richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 245 [Man. R. M. 408]. Common on hill sides and dry plains, at an altitude of 1000- 2500 m. Montana: Silver Bow, July 8, 1895, Shear, 337: Rydberg, 2iog; Garrison, July 8, Shear, jyi : Rvdberg, 2123: Bridger Mountains, July 28, 1896, Flodman, 72: Elk Mts., near Castle, Aug. I, 7j; Jack Creek, Juh' 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, jj^g; Bird Tail Divide, 1887, R.S. Williams, 601 : Philipsburg, 1892, Kelsey; Gallatin River, 1886, Tzceedx, 1014: Castle, 1896, Ryd- berg^ 3233; Flathead, 1883, H. B. Ay res, CXXXVI; Liule Blackfoot, Canby,336: 1^\\x\q ]iQ\t, Scribner, 3^1 . Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzveedy, 611. Stipa viridula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VI.) 2 : 39 [Man. R. M. 408; 111. Fl. i: 138; Bot. Cal. 2: 288]. Common in meadowland throughout the region to an altitude of 2500 m. If cut early it makes a fair hay. Montana: Dillon, July 3, 1895, Rydberg, 20S/; Gallatin, July 16-29, Rydberg, 21S0 and 22S3 ; Shear, 32S ; Manhattan, July 17, MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 23 Shear, 4.1 J ; Elk Mts., near Castle, Aug. i, 1896, Flodinan, 7^; Spanish Basin, July 18, yy : Great Falls, 18S7, R. S. Williams, 602; Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydbcrg- ct Bcsscy, jj^2 ; Elk Mts., i8g6, Ryddcrg-, J2S1 : Bozeman, 1896, jo//; Spanish Basin, Jijj; Castle, J2j8; Elk Mts., Jjoy: Little Belt :\Its., J277 and 3422; Bull Mts., 1883, Canhy : Smith River, 1883, Scrihner, j^o, in part. Yellowstone Park: 1S84, Tzi'cedy, 262 ; Swan Creek, 1885, 6og; Agate Creek, 613: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessty, Jjjia. * Stipa Lettermani Vasey, Bull. Terr. Bot. Club, 13 : 53 : Stipa vir- idnla Letteriiuini Vo.sey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. Like S. vlridiila but more slender, with smaller flowers and short awn. Dry hills at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Lima, Aug. 5, 1895, Shear, jpj : Rydderg; 2J02. Idaho: Beaver Canon, Aug. 7, 1895, Rydherg; 2J4J. * Stipa Vaseyi Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 46 ; Stipa robust a (V^asey) Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 5 : 23 : not Nutt. : Stipa viridula robusta Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. Resembles S. viridula in habit, but is a much larger plant, 16- 20 dm. high. It has been reported from ]Montana. I have not seen any specimens from the state, but the following were collected just across the border. Idaho: Beaver Caiion, June 27, Shear, joi ; Aug. 7, Rydberg, 2345- * Stipa Williamsii Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. II : 45. 1898. It is distinguished from S. viridula by the hairy culm and sheaths and its longer and more acute callus. In dry soil at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Jefferson City, 1883, Seribner, 34.0, in part. * Stipa Elmeri Piper «& Brodie ; Scribner, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11: 46, 1898; Stipa viridula pubescens Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 50 ; not S. pubescens R. Br. Distinguished from S. viridula, which it resembles, by the hairy culm and sheaths, and by the awns, which are pubescent to the second joint. 24 MEMOIRS OF THE XEAV YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In wet meadows at an altitude of 2000 m, Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, I^vdbcrg- d- Bcssey, Jjji. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mem. x\cad. St. Petersb. (VI.) 5: 75 [Man. R. M. 408; 111. Fl. i: 138: Bot. Cal. 2: 285]. Common on prairies, plains and dr}' meadows, especially in sandy soil, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Dillon, July 3, 1895, C. L. Shear, JJ4 and T^ydd erg; 2oy8; Manhattan, July 17, Shear, jjo and 4Jj : Rydberg, 2ig^; Spanish Basin, July 20, 1896, Flodman, yi ; Great Falls, 1887, R. S.Williams, 6oj : Bozeman, 1886, Tiveedy, ioij: Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg cf- Bessey, JSJo: Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg; J 1^2 and 3136 ( ?) ; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. E. Mnth; Flathead Region, 1883, H. B. Ayres: Smith River, 1883, Seribuer, jjy; Jefferson City, jjS. * Stipa Tweedyi Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 47 J Stipa coiuata intermedia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. ii : 171 ; not S. intermedia Trin. It very closely resembles S. comata, but the spikelets and awns are much longer, and approaches S. spartea in size. At an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Junction Butte, 1885, Tz-'ecdy, 610. Montana: Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner. Stipa spartea Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VI.) i : 82 [Man. R. M. 408; 111. Fl. i: 139]. Rare, on prairies, not reaching an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Horned Creek, 1883, Seribner, j;^g. * Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:51 [111. Fl. i : 140]. An eastern species characterized by the large spikelets, 6-8 mm. long, and the long narrow leaves crowded at the base. In woods at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Flathead Valley, 1883, Canby, j^j. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzveedy, 61 j. * Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. Bot. U. S. Explor. Exped. 17: 481. It somewhat resembles the preceding, but the spikelets are smaller, about 4 mm. long : it is still nearer related to the eastern O. juneea, from which it differs in the more simple panicle, the less pubescent MEMOIRS OF THE NE^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 25 flowering glumes and the longer awn. It grows in open woods at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana; Neihart, 1888, R. S. Williams, 816; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg cf- Bcsscy, jjjj ; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, jjS. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tzaeedy, 614. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr. ) Thurb. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1863: 78 [Man. R. M. 408; 111. Fl. i : 140] ; Urachne micran- tha Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. O'l-) 5- '^^• In canons and on wooded hill sides up to an altitude of 2000 m. • Montana: Low^er Sand Coulee, 1890,7?. 6*. Williams, 81 j ; In- dian Creek, iSS^, Scribncr, j^j ; Billings, 1898, Williams d' Griy- ath. Eriocoma cuspidata Xutt. Gen. i : 40 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 283] ; Oryzop- sis cuspidata Benth. ; \"asev. Special Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric. 63: 23 [Man. R. M. 408; Ill.Fl. i : 141]. In loose, especially sandy, soil up to an altitude of 2000 m. At Man- hattan I found it, as a troublesome weed in an oat field in 1895. Montana: Billings, 1898, Williams tf- Griffith: Melrose, 1895, Shear, ^^g; Manhattan, Shear, 4J2: Rydberg; 21^4; Cottonwood Creek, i8g6, Rlodmaii, 4j : Custer Co., 1892, Jlf^s. Light; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, j6j : Bozeman, 1887, Tzocedy ; Cot- tonwood Creek, 1898, Rydberg, J2j2 ; Lewis and Clarke Co., J/rs. Math', Gallatin Cit}^ 1883, Seribjier, j^^. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tz.'eedy, J82 ; Electric Peak. Aug. 20, 1S97, Rydberg d- Bessey, jjj^. * Eriocoma caduca (Sciibnerj : Stipa caduca Scribner; Vasey, Com. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 54. 1892. Although somewhat resembling a Stipa in general habit, I think that it should be referred to Eriocoma, for the awn, although long as in Stipa, is earh' deciduous : the spikelet is not constricted at the base so tliat there is no evident callus : it is covered all over with long white hairs : and the empty glumes are of that thin, scarious type characteristic of Eriocoma cuspidata. The spikelet is, of course, more acute at both ends than in the type of Eriocoma, but much less so than in E. Wcbberi. In my opinion, it is much more related to E. cuspidata than is that species, notwithstanding the long awn. Montana: Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 342. 26 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. X. Y. 67 [111. Fl. i: 143]; Agrosfis racoiwsa Alichx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 53; Miihlcnbei'gia glomcrata Trin. Unifl. 191. This somewhat resembles the next in general habit, but lacks the awn and the hairs at the base of the floret. Along railroads and in waste places to an altitude of 1500 m. It has the appearance of an intro- duced plant. Montana: Gallatin, along the railroad, 1895, S/icar, j2j : Ryd- herg, 22S6: Missouri River and Smith River, 1883, Scribncr, j^j ; Belt River, 1887, R. S. JV/V/mms, jSj. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. ; Vasey, Cat. Grasses of U. S. 39 [111. Fl. i: 144: Man. R. M. 409]: Vaseya comata Thurber, Proc. Phila. Acad. 1863: 79 [Bot. Cal. 2: 278]. In meadows, on river banks, etc., to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891,/?. S. Williains, S26 : Yogo, 1896, Rydberg, 34.1 1 . Yellowstone Park: Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, SSSS- Idaho : Henry's Lake, Juh' 31, 1897, Rydbo-g d- Bcsscv, Jjj6. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. PI. 59 [Man. R. M. 410: 111. Fl. i : 148; Bot. Cal. 2: 263]. Common in alpine meadows and along brooks, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Lima, Aug. 6, 1895, S/icar, 555; Rydberg, 2jii; Mystic Lake, July 25, Shear, 4^4; Rydberg, 224^; Spanish Basin, July II, 1896, Rlodinau, 61 and 62; July 17, 6j: Bridger Moun- tains, July 28, 66 ; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg tt- Bcssey, Jjj^j West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner, 346 ; Trout Creek, 1891, R. S. Williains, 610; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3042; Bridger Mts.,j_^/7,- Litde Belt Mts., jj^7; Belt Mts., y^^-^, Seribner, 346. Idaho: Henr3''s Lake, July 31, Rydberg & Bessey, 333-/. Yellowstone Park : East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, Rydberg (£: Bessey, 333p: 1885, Tzcredy, 64^. Phleum pratense L. Sp. PI. 59 [Man. R. M. 410; 111. Fl. i : 147 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 262]. Extensively cultivated in Montana, and perfectly naturalized in wet meadows and along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, July 9, 1895, Rydberg, 2132: Manhat- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 27 tan, Jul}' 17, Shear, ^/^,- Townsend, Jul}- 17, Shear, 434* ^ Helena, near Broadwater Warm Springs, July \-^, Rydherg, 2i^g ; Electric Peak, x\ug. 20, 1897, Rvdberg d- Bessey, jj6o: Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson; Madison Co., J/r5. McNtilty ; Fort Logan, 1883, Scrih- ner, 347. *Alopecurus geniculatus L. Sp. PL 60 [111. Fl. i: 149; Bot. Cal. 2: 263]. The typical form with awns that are much longer than the glumes is very rare in Montana. The following variety, with awns that slightly, if at all, exceed the glumes, is more common. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Winiaiiis, 820. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (J. E. Smith) Scribner, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 38; Alopecurus fulvus J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 1467 ; Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 43 [Man. R. M. 407; Bot. Cal. 2: 263]. It is common in wet places, especially on sandy shores of lakes and rivers, and around springs, and extends into the mountains to an altitude of 2200 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3154^ Bozeman Canon, 1895, Shear, ^gS ; Rydherg, 2222; Dillon, July 3, Shear, 337: Red Rock, Shear, 328 ; Logan, July 27, 30S : Spanish Basin, July 22, 1896, Flodman, 42; Bozeman, 1887, Tzoeedy ; 1883, Scribner, 334: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg d Bessey, 3367; Helena, 1890, Kclsey ; Great Falls, 1890, Williams, 611; Snowy Mts., 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park: Cache Creek, 1885, Ticecdy, 3Q2: Turbid Lake, 3g2: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg cC- Bessey, 3561. Alopecurus occidentalis Scribner & Tweedy, Bot. Gaz. 11: 170; Alopecurus prate nsis alpesfris Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 86; not A. alpestre Wahl. A. alpinus Port. & Coult. Fl. Colo. 251 [Man. R. M. 406] ; not Smith. It is a taller plant than A. alpinus, has longer spikes, larger spikelets, 4-5 mm. long, and a short awn attached near the base of the glume, and is conimon in wet meadows, at an altitude of 1500- 2500 m. It is an excellent hay-grass, and is without doubt worthy of cultivation. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Shear, 332 : Rydberg, 2113; Elk * Intermediate between this and P. aJpinum. 28 MEMOIRS OF THE ^E\V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Mts., near Black Hawk, Aug. 5, 1896, Flodmau^ jS and jp; Trout Creek, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, 8jj ; Silver Bow Co., 1888, Tzueedy, ijj ; 1883, Scribner, 333; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg^ 3043; Elk Mountains, 3268; July 26, 1897, Rydbcrg dr Bcsscy, 3362; Rock Creek, Belt Mts., 1883, Scrihner^ 333: Helena, 1883, Canby, 334: Big Hole Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Mirror Lake, 1885, Tzcccdy, 3Q1 : East Fork of Yellowstone, 38 1 . Sporobolus cuspidatus (Torr.) Wood, Bot. & Florist, 385 [Man. R. M. 411 : 111. Fl. I : 153] ; ^il/a ciispidata Torr. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 23S, This is a grass that belongs to the plain and prairie regions, and in Montana scarcely reaches the foot of the mountains. Montana: 1883, Scribncr, 330. Sporobolus brevifolius (Nutt.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 464 ; not Scribn. [111. Fl. i : 153] ; Agyos/is brcvifolia Nutt. i : 44; Sporohohis dcpaiipcratiis Coulter, Man. 411, in part. Rather common in meadows, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 410: Rydbcrg, 2iyi : Dillon, Shear, 333: Rydberg; 2081; Melrose, Shear, 342: Rydbcrg, 2og3 ; Madison River, Shear, 324: Rydbcrg; 22 j6: Yogo Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 68; Long Baldv, Aug. 19, jo; Spanish Basin, July 20, 6j ; Helena, 1892, F. D. Kclscy : 1883, Scribncr, 331; Forks of Madison, July 26, 1S97, Rydberg tt- Bcs- scy, 3364; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3162 and 3166: Judith River, 1896, Rydberg; 3430; Musselshell River, 3433 and 3436; Running Wolf Creek, 3404: Judith Gap, 1882, R. W. Springer, XXIII; Flathead Region, 1883, H. B. Ayres: Sheep Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 331; Madison Valle}', 1S71, Ilayden ; Fort Lo- gan, 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park r- Lake, 1885, Tzucedy, 3^0. Sporobolus depauperatus (Torr.) Scribner, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9: 103 [Man. R. M. 411]; Mlfa depaupcrata Torr.; Hook. FL Bor. Am. 2: 257 [Bot. Cal. 2: 267]. Closeh' allied to the preceding and by most botanists regarded as only a depauperate form thereof, but a knowledge of the two in the field has persuaded me that they are distinct. S. depauperatus has shorter spikelets and grows in very dense tufts : most of the branches MEINIOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 29 are prostrate, only the upper portion of the flower-bearing ones becom- ing erect and seldom i dm. high. S. hrcvifoUus is rarely much tufted, the stems often i-^ dm. high and mostly erect. S. defaiipcr- atiis grows in poor soil to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, j 16 : Butte, Rydhcrg, 22gy. *Sporobolus filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 189; \ilfa depaiipcrata fJifonuis Thurb. ; Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 376; Vilfa o-racillinia Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2: 268. Distinguished from the preceding by the annual root, the small size, the fewer-flowered panicle and the smaller flowers. On sandy shores at an altitude of 2300 m. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydhcrg d' BcsscY, j6Si ; Upper Falls of Yellowstone, 1871, Hayden, 5. Sporobolus confusus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 293 ; Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 64 ; Sporobolus ramulosus Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2 : 269 [Man. R. M. 411] ; not Vilfa ramiilosa H.B.K. This is a rather rare grass, growing in sandy soil, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, joi ; Rydberg, 2264; Melrose, 22gT . Sporobolus asperifolius Nees & Meyen, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. I, 141 [Man. R. M. 412 ; 111. Fl. i : 156]. In meadow land, especially in sandy ground, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Townsend, 1S95, Shear, 705; Rydberg, 2iyo; Lo- gan, Shear, J26; Gallatin, 5?/ ; Melrose, jj4; Jack Creek, July 19, 1897, Rydberg ct Bessey, JjSj; 1883, Scribner, jj2; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 337; East Gallatin, 1896, Rydberg, 3ig2: Musselshell River, 3438; Missouri River, 1883, Scribner, 332; Snowy Mountains, 1882, Canby: Billings, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Hot Sulphur Springs, iS"]!, Haydoi. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 7: part 3, 21 [Man. R. AL 411; 111. Fl. i: 155] ; Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i: 151. It grows in dense and hard bunches on dry prairies and plains, ex- tending in the valleys up to an altitude of 2000 m. 30 JMEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Rydbc?'g; 20/-/; Melrose, July 6, Shear, 346; Tovvnsend, S/ica?-, jg6: I^ydbcrg, 21 jj; Helena, 1892, Kchey ; Jack Creek, July 19, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, Jj66; East Gallatin Swamp, 1896, Rvdbcrg, jt88 ; Townsend, 1883, Scrib- ner,J48: Billings, 1898, Willianis d: Griffith. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 576 [Man. R. M. 411; 111. Fl. i: 155: Bot. Cal. 2: 268]; Agrostis cryftandra Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i : 151. On river banks up to an altitude of 1800 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Shear, jj6 : Great Falls, 1890, R. S. VV/n/aiiis, 6oq: Missouri River, 1883, Scribiicr, 34^ : Billings, 1898, Willi a ins t£- Griffith. *Polypogon Monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Alt. i: 67 [111. Fl. i: 157 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 270] ; Alopccuriis Monspeliensis L. Sp. PL 89. A grass resembling Alopeeiiriis in general habit but the two empt}' glumes with long awns. It is very rare in Montana. Montana: Helena, 1891, AW^^-r. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435 [111. Fl. I : 158] ; Agrostis latifolia Trev. ; Goeppert, Beschr. d. Bot. Gart. Breslau, 82, 1830; Cinna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (\ I.) 6: 280; Cinna ariDidinaeea pendula Gray, Man. Ed. 2 : 545 [Man. R. M. 413 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 276]. In damp woods, ascending in the mountains to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1895, TPiy^/^^vo-, 2ijg; Little Belt ]Mts., near Barker, 1896, Flodman, 60; Tenderfoot, 1890, R. S. Williams, 822; Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Rydberg, 3364: East Gallatin Swamps, 316/ ; Jack Creek, 1897, Rydberg tt Bessex, 3568 : Span- ish Basin, jjdj; Emigrant Gulch, jj(5p.* Ray Creek, 1883, Serib- ner, 33/; Missoula, 1898, Willianis <£■ Griffith. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Tu'eedy, 381 . Agrostis alba L. Sp. PI. 63 [Man. R. M. 412 ; 111. Fl. i : 159; Bot. Cal. 2: 271] ; Agrostis vulgaris With. Bot. Arr. Brit. PI. Ed. 3, 132. The red-top is one of the most common and most valuable forage grasses of Montana, and grows in wet meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1895, Shear, 384; Rydberg, 213/ and 213S; MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 3 1 Manhattan, Shear, 7?j,- Logan, J04; Rydberg; 226g and ^J7p; Melrose, Shear, j^j ; Rydberg; 22Q4.; Madison River, 2281 and 2282: Little Belt Mts., near Barker, 1896, Flodinaii, jj; Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Willianis, 84^: Helena, 1892, Kchey : Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg; Jijg, J180 and jiSyy^; Castle, 3242; Little Belt Mountain, Jj^g: Missoula Co., Mrs. Kennedy ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 34 (?) : Fort Shaw, 1883, Scr/bner, jj6. *Agrostis humilis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 10: 21 ; Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 77. It is related to A. alba, but is much smaller, only 1-2 dm. high, and with a narrow panicle. River banks at an altitude of 1500- 2000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzueedy. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzueedy, 2jg and 6oj. *Agrostis aequivalvis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VL) 6": 362 [Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 77; Bot. Cal. 2: 271]; Deyeiixia aequivalvis Benth. Journ, Linn. Soc. 19: 91. A species with a narrow panicle belonging to the alba group, /. e., with the palet present, and this almost as long as its glume. The flowers have a small hairy rudiment at the base, the plant therefore approaching Calaniag-rostis. It is a very rare grass in Montana. Montana: East Fork of Gallatin, 1886, Tzveedy, loig. Agrostis asperifolia Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VI.) 6-: 317; Agrostis exarata Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2 : 273, in part [Man. R. M. 412, in part]. Like A, exarata, but with smaller spikelets, denser panicle and ver}^ scabrous leaves. River banks at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Elk Mts., near Black Hawk, 1896, Floduian, 32; Spanish Basin, 1896, ?/; 1883, Scribner, jjj ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg; jug; Elk Mountains, 323^,3260 and j^/j; Judith River, 3432; Cedar Mountains, July 16, 1897, Rydberg d' Bessey, 3380; Tobacco Plains, 1883, //. B. Ayres, CCCVI; Horned Creek, 1883, Scribner, 334. Yellowstone Park: Pelican Creek, 1885, Tzceedy, 604: Lone Star, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg d' Bessey, 3381. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 337^ and 3382. Agrostis grandis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VI.) 6'-: 316. 32 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. This differs from A. exarata in the very large open panicle. It occurs along streams at an altitude of about isoo m.. Montana: Missouri Valle}-, 1883, Scn'huer, jjj. *Agrostis variabilis; Agi-ostis varians Trin. Mem. x\cad. St. Petersb. (VI,) 6: 314. 1845; not Tuill. 1790 [Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 73 ; J^ot. Cal. 2: 273]. A small species 3-8 cm. high, with the palet very small or wanting, a small narrow panicle and subequal empty glumes. It is a rare plant, growing in wet meadows at an altitude of 2700 m. Yellowstone Park : Mirror Lake, 1885, Tzcccdv, 60 j : East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1S97, Rvdhcrg d- Bcsscv, jjjo. *Agrostis tenuiculmis recta Nash : Agrosfis font is c recta Vasey, MMS. : not A. crccta wSpreng. Agrostis tenuis "V^asey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 10 : 21, is antedated by A. tenuis Sibt. 1794, consequently both the specific and the vari- etal name must be changed. It is a small plant with a small panicle and erect or ascending rays, and no palet. In wet places at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodman, 2^; Rvdberg^ 3327%' Yellowstone Park : East De Lacy's Creek, 1897, JRvdberg & Bessey, jjyi ; East Fork, 1885," Tzceedv, 606. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68 [111. Fl. I : 161] : Cornucopiae //yen/a/is Walt. Fl. Car. 73 : ^Igrostis scahra Willd. Sp. PI. i: 370 [Man. R. M. 412: Bot. Cal. 2: 275]- A common grass growing in sandy soil to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Gallatin, 1895, Rxdl)erg, 22SS: ]Manhatten, Shear, 407 and 42J ; Rydberg, 2iyj; Helena, 2142; Sweet Grass Canon, 1896, Rlodnian, jo; Spanish Basin, Rydberg-, J044, 3^05i 3076, 301 J ; Grasshopper Caiion, 1880; Watson, 1883, Scribner, 353; Cedar Mountain, 1897, Rydberg ci- Bcssey, 33/8. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 2^2; 1884, Tzueedy, 238, 606, 607, 608; 1871, Hayden; Lower Geyser Basin, 1897, Rydberg ci- Bessey, 3374: Lower Geyser Basin, 3377. On river banks at low altitudes, there occurs a form with verv large panicle and broad flat leaves. It is very unlike the typical A. hye- malis in habit, but no essential differences in the flowers, etc., can MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 33 be found. It may be distinct but it is rather unsafe to separate it until it is better known. The following specimens belong here : Montana : Bozeman, 1895, Shear, 437 : Rxdhcrg, 221S and 2221 ; Townsend, July 15, 21^1; Logan, Shear, jio; Alhambra, 1888, Kclsey ; Musselshell River, 1896, Rydherg, 343 j ; Sweet Grass Canon, 3442; Cliff Lake, 1897, Rvdhcrg & Bcssey, 3573. Yellowstone Park: Mud Springs, 187 1, Huyden; East De Lacy's Creek, 1897, Rydbcrg <£r Bcssey, 3377; Upper Madison, 3575- At high altitudes, 2500 m. or more, in canons and on mountain tops, there is found a form with short tufted leaves and small pan- icles. To this belong the following specimens : Montana: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., Aug. 19, 1896, F/od- man, 28 ; Rydberg, 33po; Belt Mts., 1886, R. W. Anderson ; Sweet Grass Canon, 1896, Rydberg, 3444. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. ; Richards. Frankl. Journ. 731 ; Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 19; Cala- niagrosfis sylvatica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 80 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 182] ; not DC. ; Deyeuxta sylvatica Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 51 [Man. R. M. 414]"^. A subalpine species, growing in big bunches on open ridges and mountain sides at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Baldy, near Bozeman, 1895, Shear, 468; Rydberg; 2224; Elk Mts., near Black Hawk, 1896, Flodnian, 36; LittleTBelt Mts., near the pass, 37 ^ Belt Cafion, 1887, R. S. Williams, 3g6; White Sulphur Springs, 1883, Scribiicr, 362; Spanish Creek, Tivccdy, 1022; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Rydberg, 33i3y^ and 3373; Spanish Peaks, jo/^; Elk Mountains, j.?p(5; Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 362 ; Flathead Region, H. B. Ayres. * Calamagrostis Montanensis Scribn. Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 82 [Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 20]. A low species with almost filiform leaves, strongly compressed spikelets, sharply keeled empty glumes, and a stout bent awn which about equals the empty glumes. It grows on dry bench lands up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1894, R. S. Williams, 846: Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, 363 ; Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Wat- son; Judith Gap, 1882, R. W. Springer, XXIV. 34 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Calamagrostis Suksdorfii Scribn, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 82 [Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 24] : De- xcuxia Siiksdoj-fii Scrib. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15 : 9. A grass growing in big bunches in the woods at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. It has a bent awn, a little longer than the empt}' glumes. The spikelets are not strongly compressed. Montana: Bozeman Canon, 1895, I^ydhcrg, 22J0; Little Belt Mts., near Barker, 1896, Flodman, jj; Smith River, 1883, Scrib- nei', 364 (t3'pe) ; 1894, 7?. S. Williams, lojo; Glendive, 1892, £. A. Boss; Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Rydbcrg; JJ46, JJjp and JjS4- Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1892, Miss Altil- ford. "^Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 349; Calama- g7-ostis pallida Vasey & Scribner, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 79. Nearly related to C. Canadensis, but distinguished by its pale whitish panicle, with usually flexuous branches, narrower and sharper pointed empty glumes, and an awn attached near the apex and usu- ally considerably longer than the flowering glumes. It grows among bushes at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1895, Rydhcrg, 2/jp}^; Castle, 1896, ji-jc?. Calamagrostis Langsdorfii (Link) Trin. Unifl. 225 [111. Fl. i : 164; Bot. Cal. 2 : 279] ; Aritndo Langsdorjii Link, Enum. i : 74 ; DcvcHxia Langsdorjii [Man. R. M. 413]- Very rare within the region. The only specimen seen which may be referred to it is the following : Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzcccdy, 24S. Calamagrostis Canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Agrost. 157 [111. Fl. i : 163 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 279] ; AgTOsfis Canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. I : 73 ; Dexeiixia Canadensis Munro : Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 23: 345 [Man. R. M. 413]. Common in wet meadows, along streams, etc., to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, Shear, 41 y; Logan, j/p." Rydberg, 22 jS: Spanish Basin, 1896, Floduian, 4S : East Gallatin Swamps, ^g ; 1883, Scribner, j^g; Gallatin Co., 18S6, Tzvcedy, i02j; Columbia Falls, 1894, R. S. Williains: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Ryd- berg, J 202. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Ticeedx, 384. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 35 * Calamagrostis Canadensis acuminata Vasey, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 5 : 26 [Kearne}^ Bull. 11 : 29]. Spikelets 3.5-4 mm. long; empty glumes sharply acuminate. It approaches C. Langsdorfi^ from which it differs in the smaller spikelets and shorter awns. It grows in similar situations as the species and is fully as common, and reaches an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, //p and ^2^; Rydberg, 2iSg; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jp; Elk Mts., near Castle, 5^; Deep Creek, 1883, Scrihncr, jj8 ; Beaver Creek, 226; Lima, 1895, Shear, jjj ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydderg; J202; Castle, J2Jj; Yogo Gulch, 3408; Bridger Caiion, 3205; Spanish Creek, 3016, 3024, 304^, 3073^ Little Belt Mts., 3338, 3333; Spanish Basin, 1896, T. A. Williams, 2027 and 2037^,; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Ida Christie. Yellowstone Park: Pelican Creek, 1885, Tzueedv, 384; Upper Falls, 187 1, Hayden, jj ; 1885, Letlerman, 46: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1893, Burg-lchaus. * Calamagrostis Macouniana Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 81 [Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 31 ; 111. Fl. i: 163]; Deyeiixia ]\facoicniana Wd.s&y, Bot. Gaz. 10: 297. Differs from C. Canadensis in the stricter habit, smaller, denser and more contracted panicle and smaller spikelets. On river banks at an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 422: Rydberg; 2ic)i)4- * Calamagrostis Scribneri Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 343 [Kearne}', Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 31] ; Calamag'rostis dubia Scribn. ; Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 80: Devctixia diibia Scribn., Bot. Gaz. 11 : 70. Differs from C. Canadensis in the stricter habit, the contracted narrow panicle, the longer and stouter awn, and the glaucous upper surface of the leaves. It grows in wet meadows, among bushes, on river banks, etc., to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 47: Alhambra, 1888, Kelsey ; Belt Mountains, 1886, R. S. Williams: Fort Logan, 1883, Scribner, 363 ; 1887, Knowlton ; Spanish Basin, i8g6, Rydberg, ,3083, 3og6 and j/oo; T. A. Williams, 2oog and 2037; East Galla- tin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 3204. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tzceedy, 383 (type). 36 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Calamagrostis laxiflora Kearne} , Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Acrrost. 11: 34: Calamagrostis ncglccta gracilis Scribner, Bot. Gaz. II : 175 ; not C. gracilis Seenus. Differs from C. hyperborea in the open panicle, the weak stem, the almost filiform, not rigid, leaves and the less cespitose habit, and from the next in the open panicle and the longer callus hairs. A rare plant growing at an altitude of about 2000 m. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Tzuccdy, ^82. * Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh. ) Gaertn. Fl. Wettenau i : 94 ; Ar- nudo ncglccta Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 137 [Kearne}^ Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 34; 111. Fl. i: 165]. It is distinguished from C hvpcrborca by the same characters as the preceding, except that the panicle is not open, as in S. la.xijfora. It is rare in Montana. Montana: 1883, Scribner, ^61 . Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Fl. Dan. 50: //. j ; Consp. FL Groenl. 160 [Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. II : 39] ; Calamagrostis robusta Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 82; not Muhl. ; Deyctixia stricta Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2: 281 [Man, R. M. 414 in part]. It is a very variable species with stiff culm and leaves and of more or less cespitose habit. It grows along rivers, in sloughs, etc. It belongs really rather to the river bottoms of the Great Plains, but extends in the valleys of the mountain regions to an altitude of 2000 m. Mr. Kearney, in the bulletin referred to above, distinguished the following varieties : for the limitations of these varieties that work may be consulted. Montana: Deep Creek, 1883, Scribner, 3591 Fort Logan, j6^a; 1886, Tweedy, 1020; Townsend, 1895, S/iccr, jgj, jgS and 406; Rydbcrg, 2IS4' Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tzrcedy, jSj ; 1888, ICnoTvlton. * Calamagrostis hyperborea stenodes Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 39. Montana: Lima, iS(^^, Rydbcrg, 2ji8 and 2J19; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydbcrg, Jidg; Flodnian, jj ,• 1889, F. W. Ander- son. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 37 * Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata Kearney, [Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. ii : 40; Deyeiixia neglccta robusta Vasey ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 4 : 206. Montana: Tenderfoot Creek, 1890, R. S. Williams^ 84.6; Box Elder Creek, 1887, jgy; Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 4.21; Rydberg, 2igi ; Madison River, Shear, 522; Logan, joj; Castle, 1896, Ryd- berg, 3254; East Gallatin Swamps, 3179, 31S1; Flo d man, 4.4; Sheep Creek, Rydberg, 3309: Flodman, 43; Spanish Basin, 1896, T. A. Williams, 2072. * Calamagrostis hyperborea Americana (Vasey) Kearney, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 11 : 41 ; Deyeitxia neglect a Americana Vasey ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PL 4 : 206. Montana: Rock Creek, 1883, Scribner, 360; Belt Mts., 360; Bozeman, 1886, Tzuecdy, 1020; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2jig. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. True Grasses, 113 [111. Fl. i : 167] ; Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 141 ; Ammophila longifolia Benth. [Man. R. M. 413]. In sandy places up to an altitude of 1500 m. This is a grass typ- ical of the sandy portion of the Great Plains. Montana: Townsend, i8g$. Shear, jp4; Madison Count}', 1886, Tweedy, 1004; Old Blackfoot Agency, 1883, Canby, 363; Banks of Missouri, 1883, Scribner, 366 ; Bull Mountain, 1882, Canby. * Deschampsia brachyphylla Nash ; Deschamfsia brcvifolia R. Br. in App. Parry's Voy. 291, 1821 ; not Aira brcvifolia Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 3: 63. 1819. Aira brcvifolia Bieb. is also a Deschampsia and has been known as Deschampsia caespitosa brcvifolia. It is however not the plant known under that name in this country, which is the same as D, brcvifolia R. Br. As there is an older Aira brcvifolia Pursh (18 14), Bieberstein's plant is to be known as D. Biebersteiniana R. & S. D. brach\phylla differs from D. caespitosa in being much smaller and with a small dense panicle. It is an alpine plant, growing at an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Long Baldy, Litde Elk Mts., 1896, Rydberg, 3402; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner, 36ya. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3391 and jjp^ (the latter with almost white spikelets). 38 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Deschampsiacaespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 160 [Man. R. M. 414; 111. Fl. I : 169] ; Aira caesfitosa L. Sp. PI. 64 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 297]. Along streams and in wet meadows up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana :■ Sheep Creek, Aug. 8, iS()6, J^lodiiian, 81; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman^ 82; Rydberg, jojg; Neihart, 1888, R. S. Williams, 612; Bozeman, 1886, Tweedy, 1018; 1883, Scribner, 36"/; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, jo6j; Castle, J2^y; Sheep Creek, Jjio: Forks of the Madison, July 26, iSgj, Rydberg & Bessey, 3j88. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tzaeedy, 616; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydbo-g & Bessey, JjQo; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, JjSg; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, j6j. * Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro ; Benth. PI. Hartvv. 342; Aira elongata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243 [Bot. Cal. 2: 297]. It is characterized by its elongated narrow panicle and small spikelets. In open moist woods at an altitude of 1800-2500 m. Montana: Below Bald}', near Bozeman, 1895, Shear, ^jj and 482; Rydberg, 2246; Belt River Park, 1889: R. S. Williams, 836; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Belt Creek, i^Si,, Seribner, 368. * Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele, Flora, 27:56 [111. Fl. I : 170] ; Aira atropurpurea Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 37. It is characterized by its short broad leaves, small panicle, large dark spikelets and empty glumes, which are much longer than the flowering glume. It is a rare plant in Montana. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 957," Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy ; Mt. Blackmore, i885, loij. Graphephorum Wolfii Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 55 [Man. R. M. 423] ; Trisetnm Wolfii Vasey, Bot. Wheeler Exp. 6 : 294. In wet meadows at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, SJicar, 4^3; Rydbcrg, 2233; Lima, Shear, 360; Little Belt Mis., near the pass, 1896, Flodman^ i6j ; Yogo Baldy, 166; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 1008. Belt Range, 1883, Scribner, 3^0 ; Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, 373; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3080, 3128; Castle, 3244; Little Belt Mts.,jj^c?,- Yogo, 3428; Forks of the Madison, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3671 . MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 29 Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tweedy, 2^g and 2^0; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, j66g. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg iS: Bessey, jdyo. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 88 [Man. R. M. 415; 111. Fl. i: 171; Bot. Cal. 2: 296]; Aim snbspicaia 'L. Syst. Veg. Ed. 10, 673. On hillsides up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, 48 j and ^gj ; Rydberg, 22^j and 22j8; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 86 and 8y ; Philips- burg, 1892, Kelscy ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, J14Q; Belt Pass, jjjj. Yellowstone Park: 18S4, Tzceedy, 261; East Fork, 1885 » 61 g; Stinking Water, 1873, Parry, 2gi ; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 35g6; Shoshone Lake, Jjgj; Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 75^^; 1871, Hayden. Trisetum subspicatum molle (Michx.) Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 572 [Man. R. M. 415; Bot. Cal. 2: 296]; Avena moUis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 72. Range as in the species, but in dryer soil. The spike is nearly always much shorter and thicker than in the typical form. Montana : Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 88 ; Long Baldy, Lit- tle Belt Mts., c^^,- Bridger Mts., go; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 548; Spanish Basin, 1886, Rydberg, jioj, jij;o, J184; Bridger V?iss, J2i6 ; Elk Mountains, J2yg; Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 3j8g; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, jjgj ; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby,j66; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Serib- ner, 36 g. Yellowstone Park: Mirror Lake, 1885, Ticeedy, 618; Elec- tric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg £■ Bessey, 33g4. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d' Bessey, 33g3. * Avena Americana Scribn., Bull, U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 7 : 183 ; Avena versieolor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 244 ; not Willd. ; A. -pratensis Anicrieana Scribn. Coult. Bot. Gaz. 11: 177; A. //oo^er i Scnhnev, Hack. True Grasses, 123. Montana: Spanish Basin, July 18, 1896, Flodman, yg; Belt Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, 381 ; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzueedy, 1013; 1883, Scribner, 3J2 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3 141 , Judith River, 3431 ; Spanish Basin, June 26-July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 33gg andj(5oo; Fort Logan, 1883, Seribner, 3^2. 40 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Avena striata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 73 [Man. R. M. 415 ; 111. Fl. i: 172]. In wooded river bottoms at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts. near Barker, 1896, Flodinan, 80; Rydberg, 336J ; Belt Creek, 1883, Sc?-ibncr, jyi . Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek and Soda Butte, 1885, Tzuccdy, 612. Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull, Torr. Bot. Club, 10 : 52 : Dan- thoula scricea Thurb. Bot. Cal. 2 : 294 [Man. R. M. 416] : not Nutt. It is distinguished from D. scricea by its shorter and smaller culm and leaves, closer panicle, shorter awn and the flowering glume glabrous on the back. On dry hills at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, i^g^, jRydbcrg; 22^^; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian^ p(5andp7; Belt Canon, 1887, R. S. IVi/lianis, 61 j; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, jOjO, jo8j : Elk Mountain, j^pj; 1883, Scribner, J/j. Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rvdbcrg £• Bcsscy, j6o2 and jdoj ; 1884, Tzoccdy, 26g. Danthonia Californica Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 : 182 [Man. R. M. 415 : Bot. Cal. 2: 294]. In meadows at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Shear, ^yj and 487; Castle, 1896, Flodnian, 95 ; Bozeman, g2 ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Wilh'anis, j8o ; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy, 1026; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, J7J : Bozeman, 1S96, Rydbcrg, jooj; Spanish Basin, 3124; Castle, j^jd and j^jo," Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydbero dl' Bessey, j6oj; Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, j6/. Danthonia unispicata Munro, as svnonym under Danthonia Cali- fornica unispicata Thurb. Bot. Cal. 2 : 294 [Man. R. M. 415]. In meadows, especially in sandy soil, at an altitude of 1500- 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, iS(^6, R/od/nan, p8 : Belt River, 1888, R. S. Williams, 614; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 3601 ; Spanish Basin, July 28, 3604: 1883, Scribner, 374- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW VORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 4I Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tweedy, jg6 and jgy; 1884, 26g. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Enum. 80 [Man. R. M. 405 ; 111. Fl. i: 175; Bot. Cal. 2: 290]; Dactylis cynosuroides L. Sp. PI. 71. Along edges of ponds and streams and in swamp lands of the Great Plains, extending in the valleys to an altitude of 1600 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, 523; Rvdbcrg; 2283; East Gal- latin Swamps, 1896, Flodinau, loi ; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Town- send, 1883, Scribiicr, Jjo; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydherg, 3200. Spartina gracilis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (VI.) 6: no [Man. R. M. 405 ; 111. Fl. i : 176; Bot. Cal. 2: 290]. In wet meadows, especially in saline soils, up to an altitude of 1600 m. It is a species belonging to the Great Plains rather than the nnountain region. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, ^^6; Rydberg, 2204; Town- send, Shear, 3g2 ; Rydberg, 2132; Dillon, Shear, 333; Rydberg-, 20S0; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, RIodiiiau, 102; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. WiUiaiiis, 33S; Teton River, 1883, Seribner, 32^; Crow Creek Valley, j'i'p; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 3194- Yellowstone Park: Upper and Lower Geyser Basin, Coulter; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydberg & Dessey, 3606. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host, Gram. Austr. 3:5 [Man. R. M. 403 ; 111. Fl. i: 181; Bot. Cal. 2: 264]; Phalaris erucae- formis L. Sp. PI. 55. A good hay-grass, growing in low ground and ascending to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Townsend, Shear, 38^; Rydberg, 2i6g; Red Rock, Shear, 32 y; Deer Lodge, Rydberg, 2134: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, gg ; Centerville, 1883, Seribner, 32-/; Bozeman, 1884, Tzveedy, 280; Madison Valley, 1871, Hayden; East Gallatin ■Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 31 yj ; Castle, j^^(5,- Madison Co., Mrs. McXu/ty. Yellowstone Park: Stinking Water, 1873, C. C. Parry, 2g6. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt. ) Torr. ; A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 553 [Man. R. M. 416 ; 111. Fl. i : 180 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 291] ; Atheropogon ■oligostachyus Nutt. Gen. i : 78. 42 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. One of the most valuable forage plants of the Great Plains, extend- ing into the valleys and reaching an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Melrose, S/ica>% jji ; Rydhcrg, 210-^ and 22go: Man- hattan, Shear, ^og ; Rydbcrg, 21 yg; Judith River, 1896, Flodman, 100; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Williams, 305; Madison Co., 1886, Tzvcedy, looj; 1883, Scrihner, 377; Judith River, 1896, Rydhcrg, 342g; Silver Bow Co., 3frs. B. S. Miles; Judith Gap, 1882, Caudy L VI; Horned Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 377; Fish Creek, 1871, Hay- den ; Billings, 1898, Williains ds Griffith. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease : Branner & Coville, Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark. 1888, part 4, 236 [111. Fl. i: 179]; Lepturiis paniculat?is^Vi\X. Gen. i : 81 [Bot. Cal. 2: 322] ; Sche- donnardus Texanus Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 146 [Man. R. M. 416]. In sandy soil, especially on river banks, in the prairie and plain regions, extending into the valleys and reaching an altitude of 1600 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Williams, 821 ; Teton River and Plains of Missouri, 1882, Scribner, 376; Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy ; Miles City, 1881, Canby. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R, R. Rep. 4: 158 [Man. R. M. 418; 111. Fl. i: 183] ; Crypsis squarrosa Nutt. Gen. i: 49. In dry soil, especially where the ground has been disturbed, as on railroad banks, " prairie-dog towns," etc., up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, 313; Rxdberg, 226^; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Hell-gate Canon, 1880, Watson: Indian Creek, 1883, Scribner, J7g; Silver Bow Co., 1888, Tzceedy, 12S. Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutschl. Fl. 379 [111. Fl. i : 184] ; Arundo Phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81 ; Phragmites commu- nis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134 [Man. R. M. 418: Bot. Cal. 2: 300]. In water, ascending in the valleys to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, ^25; Great Fall, /^. W.Ander- son; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; Missouri River, 1883^ Scribner, J78 and j/p in part. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 43: Eragrostis major Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 14 [111. Fl. i : 189] ; Ei-a- grostis poacoidcs \2iX. niegastackya Gi'^y, Man. Ed. 5» ^S^ [Man. R. M. 419; Bot. Cal. 2: 315]. Resembling somewhat J^. Purshii hwi spikelets larger, over 2 mm. wide. An ill-scented species naturalized from Europe, but rather rare in Montana. .Montana: Great Falls, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, 84^; Prickly Pear Canon, 1883, Scribiicr, jS^; Yellowstone near Huntley, 1882^ Can by. * Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1885: 47; Broiiius subiilatus Griseb. Fl. Ross. 4: 358; Melica aciiuiinata Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 4: 104 [Bot. Cal. 2: 305]. It is distinguished from the other two species by its acute spikelets. In canons at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, S/icar,4gi; I^ydbcf-g; 2246 and 22 jo; below Baldy, Bridger Mountains, i-i-j^ ,* Neihart, 1888, R. S. Williams, jSj ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodinan, in. Melica spectabilis Scribn. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1885: 45 [Man. R. M. 420] . On rich hillsides and in meadows at an attitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana : Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, 4^6; Rydberg, 2248 ; Yogo Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 112; Spanish Basin, 114; Bridger Mts., July 28, ji6- Spanish V>2i'&\VL, Rydberg, 3018, JojS and 30j2; Bozeman, 3010; Bridger Ishs., 3212 : Elk Mountains, 3283; Yogo Baldy, j^/p; Crow Creek Mts., iSSt,^ Scj-ibner, 383 ; Bridger Mts., June 14-18, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 360^ and 3610. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzvecdy, 268; Soda Butte, 1885, 601: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 361 1. Melica bulbosa Geyer ; Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 8: 19 [Man. R. M. 420]. On rich hillsides at an altitude of 1800-2500 m. Montana: Baldy, Bridger Mountains, 1895, Shear, 470; Lima, 337; Belt Canon, 1888, R. S. Williams, 817; Hell Roaring Creek, 1886, Tzceedy, 1023; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scribner, 386. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 2g3. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey , 3612. 44 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Melica Californica Scribn. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1885: 45 [Man. R. M. 420]. It is a rare plant within the region. Only one specimen has been seen by me. Yellowstone Park: Mud Springs, 1871, Haxdcn. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 157 [Man. R. M. 419: 111. Fl. I : 194] ; Ai'ra aquatica L. Sp. PL 64. An aquatic grass of no economic value, growing in streams at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1885, Tzccedv, S77 - ^895, Shear, ^62; Townsend, 401 : Black Hawk, 1896, Flodman, no; Sheep Creek, 1896. Rydhcrg, JJ06 ; Elk Mountains, j^^/; Gallatin City, 1883, Scribner, j8j ; Bozeman, 1887, Twcedv : Jack Creek, Jul}' 16, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, j6o8. Yellowstone Park : Gardiner River, 1885, Tzccedy, §-jj. Koeleria'cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. i : 97 [Man. R. M. 418: 111. Fl. I : 194 ; Bot Cal. 2 : 301] : Aii'a cristata L. Sp. PI. 63. One of the most valuable pasture grasses of the Great Plains and the open foothills of the mountain region, attaining an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Shear, j 18; Rydberg-, 2o6g; Manhat- tan, Shear, 412; Dear Lodge, 373; Silver Bow, Rydberg-, 21 11; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, lo^andioj; East Gallatin Swamps, 106; Great Falls, 1887, R. S. Williams; Spanish Basin, 1896, Ryd- berg 302g, 303g, 3082, 3146; July 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 360'j ; East Gallatin Swamps, j/po; Elk Mts., 3262, 32^1, 32^4; Yogo, 3413 ; Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson : Missoula Co., 3fi-s. Kennedy; Lewis and Clarke Co., iMrs. Miith : Gallatin Cit3s Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 380; Flathead Region, 18S3, //. B. Ay res. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C C. Parry, 2Sg: 1884, Tzceedy, 260. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2,558 [Man. R. M. 419: 111. Fl. i: 192; Bot. Cal. 2: 302] : Aira obtusata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 62. In meadows, especially among bushes, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Melrose, \'^<)^, Shear, 340; Manhattan, 43^; Giant Springs, 1887, R. S. Willianis, 608; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Ryd- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 45 berg, JJ-/-J ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Belle A. Miles; Prickly Pear Canon, 1883, Scrihiier, J82 ; Missoula, 1898, Williams <£■ Griffith. *Eatonia obtusata robusta Vasey ; Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 190. More robust than the species, with leaves 5-6 mm. wide. Montana: Townsend, 1895, -5"//rrt;r, jpo; Rydberg, 2ijO. *Eatonia Pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 558 [IlL Fl. I : 193] ; Koeleria Pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117. Resembling the last but with the second glume oblanceolate, not obovate, truncate. In wet meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 428 and 442: Rydberg; 21J4; Logan, Shear, jij; Rydberg, 2268 ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, loj ; Rydberg, 3173 ^.^6.3183 ; Horned Creek, 1883, Scribner, 3S1 (var. stricta). *Eatonia Pennsylvanica major Torr. ; A. Gray. Man. Ed. 2, 558. Taller and with more compound panicle. It has the same range as the species. Montana: Townsend, 1895, Rydberg, 2160; Bozeman, Shear^ 438; Melrose, 33S ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 3174; Bozeman, 1886, Tzi'eedy, 1016. Distichlis spicata stricta (Torr.) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 51 ; Uniola stricta Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i : 155 ; D. niaritinia stricta Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2 : 306 [Man. R. M. 420]. In saline soil, throughout the plains and prairies, ascending in the valleys to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Shear, 344: Belt River, 1896, R. S. Williams, 334; Musselshell River, iS()6, Rydberg, 3434; Gallatin City, 1883, Scribncr, 387; Flathead Region, 1883, H. B. Ayres : Billings, 1896, Williams & Griffith. Poa compressa L. Sp. PL 69 [Man. R. M. 421 : 111. Fl. i : 202]. In woods and thickets at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana : Deer Lodge, i^g$, Rydberg, 2132}^; Helena, July 13, 2143 ; Shear, 382 and jpp. Poa alpina L. Sp. PL 67 [Man. R. M. 421; 111. Fl. i: 203; Bot. Cal. 2 : 312]. Most common in damp places on alpine peaks, among rocks or 46 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. along brooks at an altitude of 2500-3300 m. : but sometimes found at an altitude of 2000 m. along the cold mountain streams. Montana: Lima, 1895, Shear, 662; Rydberg, 2j0j: Mystic Lake, 22j^ and 22j6; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodmaii^ 12^: Little Belt Mts., near the pass, 12-/; near Barker, 126 ; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams^ jy2 ; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, Tweedy, 1024; Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, j6iS^ 3^19 and 3626; Spanish Basin, July 28, 3620 and J624; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 362J : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, j(5^/, j(5^j and jdj^; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3022; Bridger Canon, 321 j : Little Belt Pass, jj/p; McDonald's Peak, iSS^t^Canby, jy^.: Upper INLirias Pass, 775. • Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 388. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzceedx, 628; Slough Creek, 62"/; Electric Peak, August 20, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessev, J622. * Poa longipila Xash. Whole plant, with the exception of the flowering scales, smooth and glabrous. Culms 3-4.5 dm. tall, erect, the upper portion naked : culm with one leaf, or occasionally two leaves : sheaths commonly elongated; ligule scarious, about 4 mm. long, broad, obtuse or acut- ish ; blades erect, strict, firm, acuminate, 3-8 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, slightly roughened above : panicle loose and open, 6-9 cm. long, its finally widely spreading branches naked for the greater part of their length, spikelet-bearing and dividing only at the summit, the lower branches 3—4 cm. long and often reflexed : spikelets 6—8 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, on very short pedicels ; scales usually 6, sometimes 5, purple, excepting the margins, acute, the lower 2 empty, the first i-nerved, the second 3-nerved, the flowering scales 5-6 mm. long, 5-nerved, the intermediate nerves faint, the inter- nerves distinctl}^ appressed-pubescent below, the hairs growing shorter and vanishing toward the apex, the lateral nerves and mid- nerve copiously pubescent with long hairs, the former for about one- half their length, the latter for about two-thirds, the longer hairs on the midnerve about 1.5 mm. long, the crisped hairs on the callus very copious and long, when straightened out 3-5 mm. long; palet about four-fifths as long as the scale, ciliate on its 2 nerves. Yellowstone Park : Electric Peak, 1897, Rydberg, 3614. *Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. It has the short dense spike of P. epilis and P. Cusickii, but is not a bunch grass. As in Poa alfina, it is characterized by its purple flowers, but the plant is much taller, the glumes larger and more acuminate. It grows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 47 Montana : Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, iSg"] ,Rvdbc7'g d- Besscy, 3628 and jdj-j. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tivccdy, 6^j. * Poa reflexa Vasey & Scribner, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, i: 276. It is nearest related to Poa arctica, but distinguished by the longer reflexed branches and smaller spikelets. It is common along brooks at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Poa aciuni)iata Scribner is only a larger flowered form of this species. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Plodiiiaii, iig and 120: Elk Mts., near Black Hawk; Long Baldy, Little Elk Mts., 122 and 123; Park Co., 1887, F. Tzvccdy ; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 7027; East Gallatin, 1886, 1028: Belt Mts., 1882, Sci'ihner^ ^g2 ; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bcssey, 3616 and 363c; Bridger Caiion, 1896, Rydhcrg, 3213 and 3218; Elk Mts., j2po,' Little Belt Mts., 3337 and 33gi . Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzi'ccdy, 638 and 63 g; Electric Peak, Aug. 28, 1897, Rydhcrg d Bcssey, 3613; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10; Yellowstone Lake, 187 1, Hayden. A very depauperate form of this or a nearly related species was collected in the Yellowstone Park, 1884, by Tweedy, 27^. *Poa Grayana Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb, i : 272. It is a stoloniferous plant, 3-4 cm. high, with a narrow drooping panicle, and characterized by its lanceolate, acute floral glumes. It is an alpine plant growing at an altitude of over 3000 m. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Caiihy, 376. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzvccdy, 634.. (This was determined by Prof. Scribner as P. Pattcrsonii, to which it scarcely belongs, however, judging from the specimens of that species in the Columbia Herbarium.) Poa Eatoni Watson, Bot. King's Exp. 5: 386 [Man. R. M. 422]. In rich soil in the mountain regions, rare. Montana: 1883, Scribner, 400. Poa alpicola Nash; Poa laxa^Xwxxh. Bot. Cal. 2: 312 [Man. R. M. 421] ; not Haenke. On the highest mountain peaks at an altitude of over 3000 m. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1S97, Rydhcrg d- Bcssey, 3613. 48 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Poa Wheeleri Vasey ; Rothrock, U. S. Geol. Surv. 6: 291. It resembles in habit somewhat P. -pratensis or still more the east ern P. hrcvifoUa Muhl. : but the flowers are acute and not webbed at the base. In meadows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana : Bozeman Cafion, 1895, Shear, ^yS and^po; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 160 and i6j ; Little Belt jMts., 162 and 164: Elk Mts., 161; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydbcrg ($; Bessey, 362 j ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, joij, 301 g, 3020^ 3021}^, 3026,3031 ; Bozeman, 3oog; Elk Mts., j^pj.- Little Belt Mts., jj'i'(5 and J J 7p; Gallatin County, 1886, Tzcccdy, io2g. Yellowstone Park : East DeLacy's Creek, August 10, 1897, Rydbcrg- tt- Bcssey, 363"/ and 3642; Electric Peak, August 18, 3644. * Poa Vaseyana Scribn. ; Beal, Grasses of X. A. 2 : 532. Scarcely distinct from P. Whcclcri, differing onh^ in the larger spikelets and the longer glumes. It growls in locations similar to the preceding. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 137: Spanish Basin, /j-p; June 28, i8(^'j , Pvdbcrg- d- Bcsscy, 3633,3638 and 363^ : 1896^ Rvdbcrg, 3134; Little Belt Pass, 3334: Yogo Baldy, 3423. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tweedy, 2j6. Poa pratensis L. Sp. PL 67 [Man. R. M. 422: 111. Fl. i: 204; Bot. Cal. 2 : 312]. Common in meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. It is one of the most valuable forage plants. Montana : Red Rock, 1895, Shear ,32() : Rydbcrg, 2og2 : Melrose, 2 1 01 and 2102; Shear, 360: Deer Lodge, 3/6: Rydbcrg, 2133; Townsend, 2i6j; Shear, 400; Manhattan, Rydbcrg, 2181 ; Boze- man, 2213 and 2217; Bozeman Caiion, Shear, 48^; Mystic Lake, 484; Melrose, Rydbcrg, 22^3: Lima, 2310: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 132 and 133: Spanish Basin, 133 and T34: Alhambra, 1890, Kclsey ; Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Williams, 374: Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3021, 3060, 3062 ; Elk Mts., ji-i'd; Sheep Creek, 3300, 3302, 3303 ; Little Belt Mts., 3313 ,3326y> and 3344; Yogo, 3407; Jack Creek, July 12, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, 3641 ; Flathead Region, 1883, H. B. Ay res. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tweedy, 234. A form with strict tall stem, broad leaves and large often more acutish flowers is found along streams. To this the following specimens are referred : MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 49 Montana: C:ist\e, i8g6, I^ydderg; j 2^0: Elk Mts., j^/j ; Sheep Creek, jj/2,- Crown Creek, 1883, Scridncr, jpj. Yellowstone Park: East DeLac3''s Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, j6jj andj^d/; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, j6^j ; 1884, Tzi'CC(h\ 277 and joy; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, 646. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg iS: Bcsscy, j66o. Poa flava L. Sp. PI. 68 [111. Fl. i : 205] ; Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83 [Man. R. M. 422; Bot. Cal. 2:313]. In meadows and wet woodlands to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana : Helena, near Broadwater Hot Springs, 1895, Rydberg^ 2144 and 214J ; Townsend, July 15, 2162 ; Manhattan, 2igo; Shear, 4-2yy2 ; Bozeman Canon, ^gg ; Logan, j/j ,• Rydberg, 226-/ ; Galla- tin, July 29, 228(); S/iear, jj2 ; Helena, 1883, Canby, jyo. Poa nemoralis L. Sp. PI. 69 [111. Fl. i : 205] ; Poa caesia strictior A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 629 [Man. R. M. 421]. Common in wet places, especially along the borders of woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 2100; Manhattan, 2iyj a.nd 2ip2; Baldy, Bridger Mts., 222^; Shear, 46 j, -J-6g; Lima, Ryd- berg, 2Joq; Shear, jdy and jj6; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, ijj ; Spanish Peaks, ij6; Elk Mts., near Black Hawk, 1J4: Little Belt Mts., near the pass, 141 ; near Barker, i^j ; Helena, 1889 and 1892, AVAn-; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williains, j6j ; 1883, Seribner ; Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy ; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3640; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, joyS, joSy, jogj, jogS, jioi ; Bridger Canon, ji'/o; Elk Mts., 3248,3263, 32^0; Sheep Creek, jjo/, 3317: Litde Belt M\s., 33igy2, 3330, 3367, 337-1 337^ ^"d 3380; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Seribner, 3g4a; Belt Mts., 3g4'. Flathead River, 1883, Canby, 36g; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canby, 371 (tall specimens with unusually large spikelets). Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy, 273 : Lone Creek, 1885, 640 and 647; Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3634a. *Poa rupicola Nash; Poa rupestn's Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 14: 94 ; not Bieb. nor Roth. A small alpine species resembling somewhat P, nemoralis , but with a low strict stem and a narrow panicle. It grows at an altitude of about 3000 m. 50 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Old Hollovvtop, Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydbci-g i^, 1814; Agropxi'wn divergensl>^e&s; Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 347, 1855 ; S. & S. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. x\grost. 4 : 26 ; Agropxnini sfrigositm Coulter, Man. R. M. 426; Triticum stri- gosuin Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2: 324. Common on dry hills up to an altitude of 2500 m. Scribner and Smith have taken up the name A. sficatiim for another species. I have seen Lewis' specimen from which Fcstnca spicata Pursh was described ; it is preserved in the Philadelphia Academy, and there is no doubt that it is the same plant that has been known as A. divcr- gcns. Pursh's original description calls for a long scabrous awn, which shows that a mistake was made when the name A. spicatum was applied to a member of the A. 7'epens group. Montana: Lima, 1895, Shear, 326, 330 and jjp; Melrose, July 6, Rxdberg, 2103 ; Silver Bow, 2110; Bozeman, Shear, 4J2 and ^7-/,* Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 420 and 423; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 22 j, 23-/, 243 : Little BeltMts., 236: Lewas & Clarke Co., 1892, Kelscy ; Great Falls, 1887, R. S. Williams, 386; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3008, 3027, 3038, 3044y2, 3143; Elk Mts., 32g7; Little Belt Mts., 3370,3371, and 3382; Billings, 1898, Wil- liams & Griffith; Pleasant Valley, 1883, H. B. Ayers. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzveedy, 623; C. C. Parry, 2gg. * Agropyron spicatum tenuispicum (S. «& S.) ; Agropyron diver gens tenuispieiim Scribner & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4 : 27. 1897. Spike slender and flexuous ; leaves flat, in age involute. Same range as the species. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2074; Melrose, Shear, 347; Helena, Rydberg, 2147; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg & 62 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Bessey, j6pj ; Spanish Basin, June 2^,j6p2; Pony, July 6, j6pi ; Elk Mts., 1896, Flodman, 2jp: Little Belt Mts., 241; Rydberg, 3316 ; Spanish Basin, 308^; Nevada Creek, 1882, Canby, 388. Yellowstone Park: 1895, 7^. Tzveedy, 623. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydbci-g dc Besscy, 36^0. * Agropyron Vaseyi Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4 : 27. It differs from A. diver gens by its shorter and narrower leaves, rigid and wiry culms and smaller spikelets. Montana: Townsend, 1895, Rydberg, 216^: Dillon, 22pg; Lima, Aug. 5, 2301 : 1880, Watson, ^61. * Agropyron Richardson! (Trin.) Schrad. as a synonym under Triti- cuni Richardsonii Trin., Linnaea, 12 : 467 ; Agrofyriini unilatcr- ale Cassidy, Bull. Colo. Exp. Sta. 12 : 63 : not Beauv. Differs from A. caninuni by its stout erect spike and longer awns. On bench lands at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Elk Mts., near Black Hawk, Aug. 5, 1896, Flod- man, 231; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg- d- Bessey, 3706; Sun River Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, j8p: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Rydbe?-g,33j2; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 423a. * Agropyron Richardsonii ciliatum Scribn. & Smith Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 29. 1897. Leaf sheath and blade pilose pubescent. At an altitude of 1300 m. Montana: Belt AEountains, 1883, Scribncr, 422. Agropyron caninum (L.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 756 [Man. R. M. 426; 111. Fl. i: 228] ; Triticum caninuni L. Sp. PI. 86. 1753 [Bot. Cal. 2: 324]. Common in meadows and on bench lands to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 416: Rydberg, 2176 ; Boze- man. Shear, 432; Melrose, Aug. 1, 342; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3710 : Forks of the Madison, July 26, j/op; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 3183 and 3igi ; Flodman, 223; Spanish Basin, i-Oi?,- Rydberg, 3138. Yellowstone Park : Cache Creek, 1885, Tzceedy, 623. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1896, Rydberg tf- Bessey, 3/'04}4. * Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. 10: 258 [111. Fl. i: 227]. Differs from A. violacetini by the long and slender spike and the MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 63 narrow 3-5-nerved empty glumes. In dry soil up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Townsend, iS(^^, Rvdberg, 2ijg; Shear, jj-o^: Man- hattan, TPr^^^'^r^', ^777; Butte, 6'//£'rtr, 57(5; Lima, 57^; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rxdhcrg <£■ Bessey, j6pg: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 218; Rydberg, JJjJ ; Spanish Basin, J160 and J 164; East Gallatin Swamps, 3182; Castle, 32 ji; Flathead Region, 1883, H. B. Ayres, CCXLIX; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 424. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 3yoo and 3702; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 36^4, 36^3 and 3701; Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, 36^7; 1884, Tweedy, 230 and 231. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3703. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey, Gram. U. S., Spec. R.ept. Dept. Agric. 63 : 45 [Man. R. M. 426; 111. Fl. i : 227] ; Trit/- cwn violaceum Hornem. Fl. Dan. /. 2044 [Bot. Cal. 2: 325]. On mountain sides at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 224; Castle, 1896, Rydberg, 3234 and 3261; Lone Mountain, 1886, Tweedy, loii; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 421. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 36^6. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3704. * Agropyron violaceum latiglume Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. i\gric. Div. Agrost. 4: 30. 1897. Empty glumes with broad scarious margins ; flowering glume rounded on the back, densely pubescent. Montana: Lone Mountain, Gallatin Co., 1886, R. Tzueedy, ion (type in Nat. Herb.); Priests' Pass, 1883, Canby, 386. * Agropyron violaceum andinum Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 30. 1897. Culm geniculate, densely tufted, weak ; spike compact i awns as long as or longer than the flowering glumes. On the tops of the al- pine peaks at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, i8<^'j, Rydberg d: Bessey, 3705- Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d Bessey, 36g8. 64 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Agropyron Gmelini (Griseb.) Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4:30. 1897 [111. Fl. 3: 508]; Trisctum canimim Gmelini Gr'iseh. ; Ledeb. 111. Fl. Ross. 3: 248. This differs from A. violacciim and its allies in that the basal culm leaves are shorter than the upper ones. Dry ground at an alti- tude of about 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Shea7', jyg; Baldy, Bridger Mountains, I^vdbcrg, 22jj;. * Agropyron Gmelini Pringlei Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 31. 1897. Low, tufted, geniculate, leaves 5-10 cm. long. An alpine plant growing at an altitude of 3000 m. Yellowstone Park : 1893, ,/. Af. Rose, 3j^ and 6gj. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rvdherg iS: Bessev, j/iya. Agropyron Scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: 128 [Man. R. M. 426]. An alpine species growing at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1883, So-ibner, 42J : Cedar Moun- tain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bessey, 37^ i - Yellowstone Park : Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tu'ecdv, 2jo. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, Jul}- 29, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bcssey^ jyi2 and J7/J. * Agropyron albicans Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 32. Related to A. dasystac/imii, but distinguished by divergent bent awn. Montana: Yogo Gulch, 1896, Rrdberg, J^oj ; Flodnian, ^35^ Elk Mountain, near Black Hawk, Aug. 5, Flodman, 20 j ; Rydberg, 3256- Agropyron Smithii ; Agropyron spicatiun Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4 : '}^'^ [111. Fl. 3 : 507] ; Agropyrum repens Coulter, Man. 425, in part. Differing from A. repens in the acute, compressed, diverging spike- lets and striate, bluish-green, glaucous leaves : common in meadows of the prairie regions, reaching in the valleys an altitude of 2000 m. See under A. spicatiini above. I name this species in honor of my friend J. G. Smith, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture who has contributed more than any one else to the knowledge of our Agropyrons. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 65 Montana: Logan, 1895, Shear, ji-f: Rxdbei'g, 22J1 ; Elk Mts., Castle, 1896, Flodman, 222; Rydbcrg, J2j6 ; Madison Co., Mrs. McNuItv ; Gallatin City, 1883, Scribner, 42 j ; Flathead Lake, 1883, Canby, jSg ; Otter Creek, Scrib)icr, 426. *Agropyron molle ( Scribn. & Smith). Agropyron sficatum mollc S. & S., Bull. U. S. Dept. x\gric. Div. Agiost. 4: 33. Empty and flowering glumes and rachis villous-pubescent. I regard this as a good species intermediate between the preceding and the fol- lowing. Rather rare. Montana: Helena, 1895, Shear, 386; Gallatin, July 29, jjo; Lima, Aug. 5, Rydberg, 231"/ ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Ryd- berg, 31^3. *Agropyron dasystachyum subvillosum Scribner & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 33. It differs from ^1. repens, etc., in the flowering glumes, which are densely pubescent. The variety differs from the typical A. dasy- stachyum of the East in being more slender, a shorter and more crowded spike, and shorter spikelets. Meadow^s to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: 1890, Willianis: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg, 2130; Red Rock, Shear, j^g; Castle, i8g6,R/odf7ian, 21 p; Rydberg^ ^23"/ ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, ^ig. Yellowstone Park: Cache Creek, 1885, R. Tweedy, 621. * Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4 : 34. Differs from A. repens by the empty glumes, which are about as long as the spikelet, the harsher leaves and narrower spikelets. Com- mon in meadows throughout the prairie region and ascending to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : 1885, L. R. Ward; 1893, R. L. Scribner, 4.24 ; Dillon, 1895, Shear, 340: Rydberg, 2088 ; Helena, Shear, 383 ; Manhattan, 411 and 440: Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3708; Elk Mts., 1896, Rlodman, 220; Sheep Creek, 210; Spanish Basin, 214 and 221 ; Little Belt Mts., 216 and 217; Madison Co., 3frs. Mc- Xiilty ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbe?-g, 30^0, 31 2g diwd 3142 ; Elk Mountains, J277; Sheep Creek, jj 05; Yogo Gulch, 3420 and 3426. Yellowstone Park: 1893, J. 3\ Rose, 224; Helena, 1891, Ke/sey. 66 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. *Agropyron riparium Scribn. & Smith, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4 : 35. 1897. Glaucous, with narrow involute leaves and empt}^ glumes that are less then one-half the length of the spikelet. River banks, rare. Montana: Deer Lodge, Shear, 372', Garrison, 36^: Rxdhcrg, 212^ (type) ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodinan, 211 (?). *Hordeum aegiceras (E. Mey.) Royle ; Walp. Ann, 3: 787 ; Cn'fho acgiceras E. Mey. Hort. Reg. Sem. 1848: 5. The pearl barle}" is sometimes found escaped from cultivation. Montana : Wolf Creek, July 27, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bcssey, 3720. Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. PI. 85 [Man. R. M. 427 : 111. Fl. i : 229; Bot. Cal. 2 : 324]. Common on prairies to an altitude of 2000 m. A troublesome weed. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Shear, 373: Rydberg, 21 ly; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. IVH/iams, 577,' Custer Co., Mrs. Light; Madison Co., Mrs. i\fc3ViiIty ; Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy : East Galla- tin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, J 18^; Jefferson City, 1883, Seribner^ 431 ; Gallatin City, 42S. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 126 [>Lin. R. ^l. 427 ; 111. Fl. I : 228 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 324] ; Hordeum -pratense Huds. Fl. Angl. Ed. 2, 56. 1762. Common in meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Dillon, \%()-^, Shear, j^6 ; Rydberg, 2082 ; Melrose, 2ogg; Mystic Lake, Shear, 488; Lima, 36^; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, ^84; Big Hole Valley, Watson, 18S0: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg ct- Bessey, 3718; Spanish Basin, 1896, Ryd- berg, 3045, j/2j,j7dj; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 433. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, 247 : East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg (t- Bessey, 3^1 g. * Hordeum Montanense Scribner; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 644; S. & S. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 25. Differs mainly from H. nodosum in being somewhat taller, having longer awns and the florets of the central spikelet not sessile. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1883, Scribner, 430; Horned Creek, 4290- Sitanion elymoides Rafin. Journ. Phys. 89: 103, 1819; Elymus Sitanion Schultes, Mant. 2: 426 [Man. R. M. 427: Bot. Cal. 2: MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 67 327] ; Elyinus clymoides Sweez}', Neb. Fl. PL 15 [111. Fl. i : 232]. On the mountains to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, 2^2; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Bozeman, 1887, Tzvcedy ; Indian Creek, 1883, Scn'bncr, 4J7; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, jogi and j/jj; Sheep Creek, 32^8; Little Belt Mountains, 3381 ; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scn'bner^ 432 ; Billings, 1898, Williams d- Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 626; Lower Ge3^ser Basin, August 4, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey^ 3714 and J7/5; Upper Falls, August 14, 3716. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d Besscy, 3717. Elymus Canadensis L. Sp. PL 83 [Man. R. M. 427 ; 111. Fl. i : 231 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 327] . Along streams to an altitude of 1800 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Rydberg, 2270; Shear, 303 : Gallatin, Rydberg, 2284-2287; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, 234; Rydberg, 3172; Little Belt Mts.,jjj/,- Smith River, 1883, Scrib- iier, 434. * Elymus robustus S. & S., Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 37- Differs from E. Canadensis in the stouter habit, the larger spikes, the numerous (3-5) spikelets at each node and the more flexuous or bent awn. Montana: Helena, 1892, Kelsey. Elymus Macounii Vasey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 13: 119. 1896 [111. Fl. i: 231]. It is a slender grass resembling somewhat Agropvrum caninnm in habit, and has mostly only one spikelet at each node. It occurs in meadows along the rivers and ascends to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Townsend, 1895, Shear, 403 : Rydberg, 2168; Boze- man, Shear, 430 and 466; Logan, 306 and 312; Red Rock, 330; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 43 g; Musselshell River, 1896, Ryd- berg, 3437. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 : 99 [111. Fl. i : 231] ; Elynms Ainericanus V. & S. ; Macoun, Cat. Can. PL 4: 245 ; Elyinus Sibirictis Americamis Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6: 673. 1890. 68 INIEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Characterized by its long, straight awn, narrow spike and glabrous spikelets. It is distinguished from the next by its broader leaves, larger spikelets and awn not divergent. Montana: Baldy, Bridger Mountains, 1895, Rydbcrg, 222^ ; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman^ 24^; Little Belt Mts., Rydberg, 33S4 andjjj/; Flodman^ ~jj' Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bcsscy, 3722; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 3721; Meadow Creek, 1886, Tweedy, 1012: Belt Mountains, 1883, Scrib- ner, ^^o ; Horned Creek, ^36; Little Belt Bass', 1896, Flodman, 2^8; Rvdberg, 33^3 ; Bridger Mts., Rlodman, 24.6; Rydberg, 3208; Elk Mountains, ji'7(5; Spanish Basin, jOcS'c?. Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, R ydberg & Besscy, 37oy. * Elymus inovatus Beal, Grasses of N. A. 2 : 650. This is characterized by its pubescent spikelets, its small empty glumes, which are mere bristles, short ligules and scabrous leaves. It is a near relative to R. mollis and R. Bro-oiii. The latter is found in the Black Hills of South Dakota and may be found in Montana ; it is characterized by its short spike, broader empty glumes and more slender habit. Montana: Sims River, 1887, R. S. WiUianis, ace. to Beal. * Elymus Virginicus minor Vasey ; Rydb. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 193- Differs from R. l^irguiiciis in being more slender, with a long-ex- serted, erect and slender spike. In alluvial soil to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1883, Scribnc?-, 4.38. Elymus condensatus Presl, Reliq. Haenk. i: 265. 1830 [Man. R. M. 427 ; 111. Fl. I : 232 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 326]. In dry soil, along roads, on hillsides, etc., to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1895, Rvdberg, 2136; Shear, 381; Town- send, 3gi ; Bozeman, 471; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rlodman, 230; Rydberg, 3 131; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Yogo Gulch, 1896, Rvd- berg, 3406 ; Gallatin City, 1883, Scribner, 433. * Elymus triticoides (Nutt.) Buckl. Proc. Acad. Sc. Phila. 1862: 99; Rlynms condensatus tritieoidcs Thurber, Bot. Cal. 2: 326. E. Virginicus submuticus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 255( ?). It is smaller than the preceding ; the spikelets are smaller, gen- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 69 erally only two and often but one at each node, and the flowering glumes of a firmer texture. It seldom forms big bunches like E. con- densatus and grows more commonly in the meadows. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Shear ^ 33^^' Rydberg^ 2076, sjoo; Madison River, 22"/^ and 22yg. CYPERACEAE. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Desc. Gram. 16 [111. Fl. i : 237] ; Cy ferns aristatiis Boeckl. Linnaea, 35 : 500 ; not Rottb. [Man. R. M. 366 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 214]. In sandy soil at an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Big Timber, 1892, Mrs. Btisha. * Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 435 [111. Fl. I : 239; Bot. Cal. 2 : 214]. In moist sandy soil at an altitude of about 1000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, /?. S. Williams ^ S62. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. Br. Prod. 224. [Man. R. M. 369; 111. Fl. I : 251 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 221] ; Scirpiis palustris L. Sp. PI. 47. Common in swamps up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 408; Rydberg, 2208; Dillon, 2oyg; Townsend, 2i^y; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^gg. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, j8og s.ndj8io; Hot Springs, 1885, Tweedy, 66 j. * Eleocharis thermalis. Eleocharis olivacea Coulter, Man. R. M. 369 in part; not Torr. Perennial from a slender creeping rootstock, mostly tufted and matted, yellowish green; culm 3-10 cm. high, somewhat flattened, striate ; upper sheath with a hyaline limb ; head obovate, obtuse, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, light yellowish green; scales very thin, ovate, acutish ; achenes lenticular, broadly obovate, dark brown, smooth and shining, about i mm. long, about 4 times as long as the conic acute tubercle. This is nearest related to E. ochreata and E. olivacea, but differs from both in the obtuse spikes and the light green and usually yel- lowish culm and spike. From the former, it differs in the non- triangular culm, and from the latter in the light-colored scales. It grows in the warm streams and pools, and is generall}- immersed. 70 :memoirs of the new york botanical garden. The characters of the fruit are taken from Tweedy's specimens, as my own are too young. Yellowstone Park : East Fork of Firehole River, 1884, Tzueedy, 222; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydhc7-g & Bcsscv, jSi2. Montana: Mud Springs, 1881, T. C. T^or/^-r (Hayden Survey). Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. Br. Prod. 224 [Man. R. M. 369; 111. Fl. i: 252; Bot. Cal. 2: 221] : Scii'pus acicularis L. Sp. PL 48. In sandy wet soil up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg^ 2206; Little Rocky Mountains, 1889, Dr. V. havard; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Wil- liams, ^00 ; Teton River, 1883, Scribncr, J02. Yellowstone Park: Turbid Lake, 1885, Tzvccdv, 66^. * Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. X. Y. 2 : 347 [111. Fl. i : 256 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 222]. In water at an altitude of 1500 m. Montana : East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rvdbcrg, 3176. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078 [111. Fl. i : 262] ; Eleo- charis paticijlorits Link, Hort. Berol. i : 284 [Man. R. M. 369 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 221]. In sandy, wet places up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sun River Caiion, 1887, R. S. Williams, 727. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, j8ii . Scirpus Americanus Pers. Syn. i: 68 [111. Fl. i: 265]; Scirpus j>u))gc)isYdh\. Enum. 2: 255 [Man. R. M. 266; Bot. Cal. 2: 218]. In sloughs, especially in saline soil up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Townsend, 1895, Rydberg, 21 jj; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^01 ; Teton River, 1883, Scribner, joj. Scirpus lacustris L. Sp. PI. 48 [Man. R. M. 367 ; 111. Fl. i : 266; Bot. Cal. 2 : 217] ; Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. 2 : 268. In water up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Madison River, 1895, Rydberg, 227 j; Tozvnsend, 21^8; Shear, sgj ; Logan, July 2^,321; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, 2jg; Rydberg, 3168; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 302. Scirpus lacustris occidentalis Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 218 [Man. R. M. 367]- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 7 1 In water up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, iSgo, Kclscy ; Lower Gallatin Basin, 1886, Tweedy, 104.4; Big Hole River, 1888, g6 ; Teton River, 1883, Scribncr, Scirpus campestris Britton, 111. Fl. i : 267 ; Scirpus fiiviatib's Coulter, ]Man. R. M. 367, in part, not L. In salt marshes in the prairie region. Montana : Fort Shaw, R. S. Williams, ^gS. Scirpus atroviiens Muhl. Gram. 43 [Man. R. M. 368 ; 111. Fl. i : 269 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 219]. In bogs and streams within the prairie regions. Montana: Missouri River, 1883, So-ibncr, jOj. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. i : 195 [111. Fl. i : 269] ; Scirpus sylvaticus digynns Boeckl. Linnaea, 36 : 727 [Man. R. M. 368; Bot". Cal. 2: 219]. In swamps and streams up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Rydberg, 208 j ; Logan, Shear, ^20; Manhattan, 42^; Townsend, Rydberg, 2i6j: Jinttall, 4; Bozeman, 1886, Ticcedy, 104^: Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^04; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydberg, 3201. *Eriophorum russeolum Fries, Novit. Mant. 3: 67 [111. Fl. i : 272]. It is characterized by its single head and the bristles which turn reddish brown. In bogs at an altitude of 2^00 m. Yellowstone Park: Sour Creek, 1885, Tzueedy, 66j. Eriophorum polystachyum L. Sp. PI. 52 [Man. R. M. t^6S; 111. Fl I : 273 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 220]. In bogs at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Twin Bridges, 1892, Mrs. H. M. Fitch ; Big Hole Valley, 1800, Watson. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 288. Eriophorum gracile Koch ; Roth, Catal. Bot. 2 : 259 [Man. R. M. 368 ; 111. Fl. I : 273 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 220]. In bogs up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, ^40. * Carex monile colorata Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 39. Smaller than the eastern typical form; spikes shorter and dark' brown. Meadows at an altitude of 2300 m. 72 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- berg <£- Bessev, 3739' Carex utriculata Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221 [Man. R. M. 383 ; III. Fl. I : 297 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 252.] In wet meadows and swamps up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Rydberg, 2083; Spanish Creek, 1886, Tweedy, 1040: Park Co., 1887; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, 460: Smith River, 1883, Scribncr, 32 j; Little Belt Mts., 1882, Canbv • Swimming Women Creek, 1882, Canby ; Big Hole Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg ci- Bessev, 373S : 1884, Tzueedy, 214, 213 and 217. Carex utriculata minor Boott : Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:221 [Man. R. M. 384]. Occurs with the species. Montana: Dillon, Rxdberg, 20S4; Mystic Lake, Shea?', 483 ; Rydberg, 2237 and 2241 : Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897 ; Rydberg & Bessey,j742: Spanish Basin, Juh- i, j/y/.* Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy, 1041. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug., 1897, Ryd- berg d- Bessey, 3746. Carex hystricina Muhl. : Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 282 [Man. R. M. 382 ; 111. Fl. 1:300]. Wet meadows at an altitude of less than 1000 m. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, 7?. S. WilliaDis, 863. Carex filiformis L. Sp. PI. 976 [111. Fl. i : 305 ; Man. R. M. 381]. In meadows, rare. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Wi/lianis, gji . Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 175 [111. Fl. i : 305] ; Carex fiUforinis la ti folia ^oqc]s\. Linnaea, 47: 309 [Man. R. M. 381 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 250]. Common in wet meadows and sloughs up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Townsend, i8^<,, Rydberg, ^/jd; Logan, 2273; Man- hattan, 2183 and 2188; Red Rock, 20po and 2093 : Bozeman, Shear, 431; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, 446; Bozeman, 1886, Tweedy, 1034; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Seribner, 323 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, jojj ; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3741 : Cliff Lake, July 27, 4743: Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson; Missoula, 1880, Watson. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 73 Carex alpina Swartz ; Lilj. Sw. Fl. Ed. 2, 26 [Man. R. M. 388, 111. Fl. I : 306]. Mountain peaks at an altitude of 2500 m. and more. Montana: Yogo, 1886, 7?. ,5. Williams^ 6^4.; Little Belt Pass, 1896, Rydberg, 334.3. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tweedy, 662. * Carex Mertensii Prescott; Bong. Vet. Sitcha, Mem. Acad. St. Pe- tersb. VI., 2: 168 [Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 77]. Resembling somewhat C. alpi'na, but with spikes almost twice as large. At an altitude of 2500 m, Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canbv, 34c}. Carex atrata L. Sp. PI. 976 [Man. R. M. 388 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 239]. In mountain meadows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg <& Bessey,3'/63 ; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzvecdy, 1042; Park Co., 1887, 13; Yogo, 1888,7?. S. Williams, 44g; Beaver Creek, 1883, Scribner, 320; Yogo Baldy, 1896, Rydberg, 3416 ; Long Baldy, jjpj; Little Belt Pass, 333 g. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzccedx, 633. The following specimens have been referred doubtfully to this species by Professor Baile}'. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 3J64. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 376-/. Carex atratiformis Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22 : 222 [111. Fl. i : 306] ; Carex atrata ovata Boott, 111. 114 [Man. R. M. 388]. Montana: Haystack Peak, 1887, Tzveedy, 12. * Carex trichocarpa laeviconica (Dewey) Hitchc. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 524; Carex trichocarpa Dezceyi BaWey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 293 ; Carex laeviconica Dewey, Am. Journ. Sc. 24: 47. Montana: Yellowstone River, Hayden (according to Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 75). Carex aristata R. Br. Frank. Journ. 751 [111. Fl. i : 302] ; Carex triciiocarpa aristata Bailey, Coult. Bot. Gaz. 10 : 294 [Man. R. M. 381]. Common in wet meadows and swamps up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Rydberg, 2086; Deer 'Lodge, 2120; Helena, ^/^d; Bozeman, 1886, Tzveedx, 103Q; Great Falls, 1888, R. 74 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. S. Williams^ ^jg; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1S83, Scribner^ 324: East Gallatin Swamp, 1S96, Rydhcrg^ J-OJ- Carex Raynoldsii Dewey, Am. Journ. Sc. II., 32: 39 [Man. R.'M. 387]. Common in the mountain regions at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, ^gj ; Rydberg, 22^4; Bridger Mts., June 17, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3737; Span- ish Basin, July i, 373S; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, 14.; High- wood Mountains, 1888, R. S. Williams, 447 ; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canby, 331 : Bozeman Pass, 331 : Upper Marias Pass, 331 ; Bridger Canon, 1896, Flodman, 274; Rydberg, 3220: Sheep Creek, jj 77; Yogo Baldy, 3424; Little Belt Pass, 3327. Yellowstone Park : Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 373g; Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 3760; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10,3761; 1873, C. C. Parry, 277; 1884, Tzueedy,2i3: 1885, 63S ; 1884, 2ig; Yellowstone Lake, 1871, Hayden. Carex Parryana Dew. Am. Journ. Sc. 27: 239 [Man. R. M. 387]. Rare within the state. Montana: Upper Arrow Creek, 1886, R. S. Williauis, 431. * Carex Parryana Hallii : Carex Hallii Olney, Hayden's Rep. 1871 : 496 ; Carex Parryana iinica Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 54. 1889. It has generally only one spike. Meadows at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, July 9, 1895, Rydberg, 212S; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3762; Spanish Basin, June 28, 3813. Carex Tolmiei Boott ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 224 [Bailey; Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 79, and Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 46] ; Carex vulgaris alpina Bailey ; Coulter, Man. R. M. 386, in part, not Boott. On high mountains at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Gallatin Peak, 1886, Tiueedy, 10^3; Mill Creek, 1887, 20. *Carex Tolmiei subsessilis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 47. At an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, \%(^^, Rydberg & Bessey, 3763. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 75 * Carex Tolmiei nigella Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 47 ; Carcx nigella Boott ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 225. Montana: Spanish Peaks, iSg6, I^ydberg,jo6j ; Flodman^ 282. * Carex Montanensis Bailey; Bot. Gaz. 17; 152. Near relative of C. Tolmiei with the habit of C. Magellanica^ growing in clumps ; culm weak and nodding, with soft, flat narrow leaves. Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canhv, ^jo. Carex Goodenovii Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 11 : 191 [111. Fl. i : 309] ; Carex vulgaris Fries, Mant. 3: 155 [Man. R. M. 386]. In the mountains at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, 16 and //. Carex juncella Fries, Bot. Not. 1857: 207 ; Carex Kellogg iiBooi\.\ S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 240, 1880; Carex vulgaris juncella Fries, Summa, 230. 1845 [Man. R. M. 386] . At an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Neihart, R. S. Williams, jgi. Carex Bigelovii Torr. ; Schw. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 67 [111. Fl. i : 310]; Carex hyperborea Drej. Rev. Crit. Car. 43; C. vulgaris hyperborca Boott, 111. 167 [Man. R. M. 386]. . Montana : Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, /50. Carex rigida Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 : 193 ; Carex vulgaris alpina Boott, 111. 4: 167 [Man. R. M. 386; Bot. Cal. 2: 241]. High mountain peaks at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Yogo Baldy, 1896, TPv-f^f^f-ro-, J7/7; Little Belt Pass, 3341- * Carex nudata Boott; Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 241. It is distinguished from C. Goodenovii by the fimbriate sheaths and deciduous perig3'nia. On mountain tops at an altitude of 2500 —3000 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, i^()l, Rydberg & Bessey, jyjj. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rvdberg & Bessey. Carex Nebraskensis Dewey, x\m. Journ. Sci. II., 18: 102 [111. Fl. I : 308] ; Carex Jamesii \ebraskensis Bailey, Carex Cat. Suppl. [Man. R. M. 384]. 76 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Common in wet meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Shear ^ 461 y2\ Forks of the Madi- son, July 26, 1897 ; Rydbcrg X- Bcssey, 3740: Bridger Mts., June 14, 3768; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, 461a; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydherg, 3123; East Gallatin Swamps, 3ig6; Elk Mts., Black Hawk, 327S. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, iSg'] , Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, 3744 and 374g. Carex Kebraskensis praevia Bailey, ^Nlem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 49 ; Carcx Jauicsii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3 : 39S ; not Schwein. [Man. R. M. 384; Bot. Cal. 2: 243]. With the preceding. Montana: Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, 3748; Bozeman, 1887, Tzcccdv, ij ; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 1037; Wolf Butte, 1888, R. S. MiUiams46T: Jefferson City, 1883, Scrib- ncr, 3i(). Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 286. Carex variabilis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 18 ; Carcx strict a and C. apcrta divaricata Bailev, in Coulter, Man. R. M. 385. Common in wet meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, t%(^^. Shear, 448 {}), 461: Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydbcrg tC- Bcsscy, 3730, 3734- Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydbcrg cf- Bcsscv, 3731 (^)j 3733 ,' Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 3814; Lcttcrman. Carex variabilis altior ; Carcx variabilis elatior Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, I : 19, 1889; not C. elatior Boeckl. 1880. Taller, with long and narrower leaves. Montana : Mj^stic Lake, 1895, Shear, 47^: Rydbcrg, 2238, 2236. * Carex acutina Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 52 : Carcx acuta Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 86: not Linn. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bessey,3732 ; Black Tail Deer Creek, 1884, Tzceedy, 212, 216. Carex Idahoa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 2J: 5. 1896. This species has not been collected in Montana, but may be ex- pected to occur there, as the type was collected very near the state boundary in Idaho at Beaver Canon, 1895, Rydbcrg, 233 g. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 77 Carex ablata Baile}-, Bot. Gaz. 13 : 82 ; Carcx frigida Bailey, in Coulter, Man. R. M. 380; not All. Meadows at an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rxd- berg & Bcssev, J7j6. Caxex longirostris Torr. ; Schw. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i : 71 [111. Fl. i : 319] ; Man. R. M. 380. Among bushes up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1889, Tzucedy ; Gallatin Co., 1886, lojj; Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams^ ^yj ; Jefferson City, 1882, Scribner, J26. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs and East Fork, 1885, Tzucedy, 661. Carex capillaris L. Sp. PL 977 [Man. R. M. 380; 111. Fl. i : 320]. On the mountains at an altitude of 2400 m. or more. Montana: Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 642; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Caiiby, Jj2. Carex flava L. Sp. PL 975 [Man. R. M. 381 ; 111. Fl. i : 323]. In sandy meadows. Montana: St. Ignatius Mission, 1883, Canby, jjj. * Carex flava recterostrata Bailejs Bot. Gaz. 13 : 84. Wet sandy meadows to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Logging Creek, 1889, R. S.Wi/liaiiis, Sj^. Yello\\\stone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Ryd- berg & Besscy, 3781. * Carex viridula Michx. FL Bor. Am. 2: 170 [111. FL i: 324]; Carcx Jiava viridula Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 31. In wet places up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Sun River Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, S^j. Carex abbreviata Prescott ; Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 141 [111. FL I : 324] ; Carcx Torrcyi, Tuck. Enum. Meth. 21 [Man. R. . M. 378] ; not C. Torrcxana Schw. Montana : Highwood Caiion, 1889, R. S. Williams, /pj. Carex aurea Xutt. Gen. 2 : 205 [Man. R. M. 378; 111. FL i : 331 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 240]. In wet meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Manhattan, 1895, Rydbcrg, 220 j ; Mystic Lake, 2240; 78 MEMOIRS OF THE NE\\' YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN". Spanish Basin, June 28 andjuly i, 1897, Rydbcrg cf- Besscv, J7/4, jy/j; Belt River Canon, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^jj.^ ; West Gal- latin, 1883, Scribner, J2I ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, jioj. Yellowstone Park : 1886, Tzcccdy, /j. Carex concinna R. Br. Frankl. Journ. 763 [Man. R. M. 376: 111. Fl. i: 332]. In wet places among rocks up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sun River, 1887,7?. S. Williams, 6^g. Yellowstone Lake : 1885, T-zveedy, 6jj. * Carex pseudoscirpoidea. Dioecious, growing in large clumps ; leaves mostly basal ; the earliest reduced to brown scales, the rest 1-2 dm. long and fully 3 mm. wide, somewhat carinate, strongh' veined, scabrous, especially on the margins, long-acuminate; culm 1-3 dm. high, seldom higher, sharply 3-angled, striate, scabrous, generally over i mm. in diam- eter; fertile spike oblong-cylindric, 1-2.5 C'"^- loi^g? i^i fruit fully 5 mm. in diameter, subtended a short distance below by a lanceolate- subulate bract, which is green with dark brown margins ; scales broadly ovate, dark brownish purple, with a thin erose margin, fully equalling the perig3mia ; these 3 mm. long, bluntly triangular, ob- ovate, slightly beaked, greenish, and densely hirsute ; styles 3 ; sterile spike oblanceolate-club-shaped, about 2 dm. long and 5-7 mm. in its greatest diameter ; scales similar, but somewhat lighter in color ; anthers linear, about 3 mm. long. This has been confounded with the eastern C. scirpoidca Michx., which is a much more slender plant, the leaves seldom over 2 mm. wide, the culm less than i mm. in diameter, the fertile spike in fruit seldom over 3 mm. in diameter, and the scales shorter than the fully developed perigynia and generally with a greenish midrib. C. scirfoidca ranges from the mountains of Xew England to Greenland and throughout subarctic America to Behring Strait, while in the Rockies its place is taken by C. pseudoscirpoidea , ex- tending from southern Alaska to Wyoming and Utah. The Cali- fornian plant maybe still different. The following specimens belong here : Montana: Lone Mountain, Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzvecdy, lo^j; Boulder Creek (altitude 2800 m.), 1887,75.- ^ogo» 1888, 7?. 6". Williams, 46^: Little Belt Pass, 1896, Rvdberg, 3314: Spanish Basin, j'o<57,- Yogo Bald}-, 57/2; Tiger Butte, 1883, Scribner, 306. Yellowstone Park: 1885 (altitude 3000 m.), Tzcecdy, 63^. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 79 Carex Pennsylvanica Lam. Enc. 3: 388 [Man. R. M. 374; 111. Fl. I : 333 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 246]. On prairies up to an altitude of a little over 1000 m. Montana: Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, 4.62. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. 2 : 204 [Man. R. M. 374 ; 111. Fl. i : 339 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 229]. On dry plains up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 470: Shields River, 1883, Scribncr, jo8 (gravelly soil) ; Cottonwood Creek, 1896, Rydberg, 3312 ; Spanish Basin, 306/. * Carex deflexa Hornem. Plantel. Ed. 3, i : 938 [111. Fl. i : 334]. In open places up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Armington, 1892, R. S. JJ7lliams, yg6. * Carex deflexa Farwellii Britton, 111. Fl. i: 334; Carex deflexa media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 43 ; not C. media R. Br. On mountains up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 28S ; Rydberg, 33^2; Little Belt Mts., 3377. Carex deflexa Rossii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 43 ; Carex 7t'^.s-5// Boott ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:222; C. JVovae-angliac Rossii Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 207 [Man. R. M. 375]. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzceedy, 41 : Highwood Mts., 1888, R. S. Williams, yg3. Yellowstone Park: ]Mirror Lake, 18S5, Tzceedy, 63 j. Carex durifolia Bailey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 10 : 428 [111. Fl. i: 338]: Carex Backii Boott : Hook. Fl. Am. 2: 210 [Man. R. M. 376] ; not C. Bachiana Dewey. In woods up to an altitude of 2200 m. Montana : Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, jg4; Trail Creek, .1887; Tzueedy. Carex obtusata Lilj. Vet. Akad. Nya. Handl. 1793: 69 [Man. R. M. 377]. On high mountains and table lands up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 11, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3773; Belt Canon, 1887, 7?. S. Williams, 641 : Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 30^: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Rydberg, 3383; Flodman, 2^2. 8o MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Carex leptalea Wahl. Kong. Vet, Acad. Hand. II., 24: 139 [111. Fl. I : 339] ; Carex folytrichoidcs Willd. : Wahl. 1. c. [Man. R. M. 378]. In bogs. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams^ gj2. Carex Hoodii Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 211 [Bot. Cal. 2: 231]; Carex uiiiricata coufixa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 203 [Man. R. M. 390]. In wet places in the mountains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3034: Bozeman, 30oy ; Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, 486 ; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 37^4; Spanish Basin, June 28, ^yg2 ; Highwood Mountains, 1888, R. S. Williams, 833; Park Co., 1877, Tzueedv, ji ; Flathead River, 1883, //. B. Aycrs, LXXXI; Bridger Canon, 1896, Rvdberg, 320J and 3221 ; Little Belt Pass, 3323. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 281; 1888, Charles H. Hall, 1885, Tzceedy, 631. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3ygg. Carex Geyeri Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 118 [Man. R. M. 376; Bot. Cal. 2 : 229]. On high mountains up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3771 ; 1896, Flodman, 2go; Park Co., 1887, Tzueedy, 42; Belt Mountains, 1888, R. S. Williams, 472; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 344; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribner, 307; Big Hole Val- ley, 1880, Watson; Bridger Canon, 1886, Rydberg, 30^2; Little Belt Pass, 3321; Elk Mountains, Black Hawk, 32^2; Spanish Basin, jojj. Yellowstone Park : East DeLac3''s Creek, Jul}' 10, 1897, Ryd- berg d Bessey, 3769; 1885, Tzueedy, 6j6; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 377^ and J 772. Carex Pyrenaica Wahl. Vet. Akad. Nya. Handl. 1803: 129 [Man. R. M. 373 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 228]. On mountain tops up to an altitude of 3300 m. Montana: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d Bessey, 3766; Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, ^34. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. bl Carex nigricans C. A. Mey. Mem. Sav. Etr. Peters, i : 210 [Man. R. M. 373]. High mountains up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Gallatin Peak, 18S6, Tzcccdy, lojS ; Boulder Creek, 1887, 77. Carex stenophylla Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 142 [Man. R. M. 391 ; 111. Fl. i : '341]. On dry plains and table lands up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Shear^ ;^2^; Rydhero-^ joji ; Townsend, 2i6gy2; Great Falls, 1892; R. S. Williams^ 46J ; Deer Lodge, 1892, W. T. S/mza ; Shields River Basin, 1896, Rvdherg; J22'/. Carex stipata Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4:233 [Man. R. M. 391 ; 111. Fl. i: 343; Bot. Cal. 2: 233]. In swamps up to an altitude of 1800 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1896, Rydherg, jooi ; Flodnian^ 2^/. * Carex Jonesii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 16. In wet places at an altitude of 2300 m. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydherg & Bcssey, 37S6. Carex Gayana Desv. in C. Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 205 [Man. R. M. 393 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 231]. Montana: Shields River, 1888, 7?. S. WiHiains, 8jo ; Martin- dale, 1882, CV7;//;_)',- -Crow Creek, 1883, Scn'hncr, J12; Boulder Creek, J /J. Carex marcida Boott ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:212 [Man. R. M. 392 ; 111. Fl. I : 344 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 231]. Dry prairies up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Silver Bow, July, 1895; S/icci?', jjj : Bozeman, ^jp,' Lima, Aug. 5, j/i : Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg ct- Rcssey, jSo2 andjt^'oj (?) ; Sun River, 1887, R. S. Willianis, 457 '^ Grasshopper Valley, Watson^ 1880 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg^ 3163. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 631. * Carex teretiuscula Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 : 163 [111. Fl. i : 344] . Wet meadows at an altitude of less than 1000 m. Montana: Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, ^45- 82 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW \ ORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Carex Sartwellii Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 43: 90 [111. Fl. i : 346] ; Carex distlcha Sartw. : Boott, 111. /. 410 [Man. R. M. 392 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 230]. Wet meadows and swamps up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Sun River Canon, iSS"] ^ R. S.Winianis, 648 : Smiths River, 1883, Scrihner, Jii : Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbo'g, jio8, 3127. Carex Douglasii Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 213 [Man. R. M. 293 ; 111. Fl. I : 342 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 231] . Dry prairies up to an altitude of a little over 2000 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Slicaj-, j02; Gallatin, jj'p.- Big Hole River, 1888, Tzaeedv, ^j ; Deer Lodge, 1888, J^. W. Traphaocn ; Madison Co., 1886, Tzuccdy, 1036; Great Falls, 1887, 7?. ■5". Williams^ 463; 1887, J^. IV. Anderson ; Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr^ 310; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canhv, 343. Yellowstone Park: 1873, ^- ^- Pc^'fy, 283. * Carex Douglasii Williamsii ; Carex Douglasii laxiftora Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 21 ; not C. laxiilora Lam. Montana : Utica, 1888, 7?. J>. Williams. Carex tenella Schk. Riedgr. 23 [Man. R. M. 389; 111. Fl. i: 346; Bot. Cal. 2: 235]. Boggy places in the woods up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Silver Bow, 1895, SJicar, 334; Rvdbcrg, 2103; Spanish Basin, June 30, 1897, Rydbcrg cC- Besscy, 3776; Lewis and Clarke Co., i\frs. EsteUa Miith; Park Co., 1887, Tzcccdy, jp; Belt River, 1889, 7?. S. Williams, ^^7; Helena, 1889, Kclsey ; Jef- ferson City, 1883, Scribncr, 317: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 316: Rydbcrg, 'J032 And 3144; Sheep Creek, ?^pp. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 1:14: Carex muricala Americana 3a.i\ey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140; Carex muricala Olney, Bot. King's Exp. 5: 362 [Man. R. M. 390]. Montana: Boulder Creek, 1887, Tzceedy, 60. Carex cephaloidea Boott, 111. 3: 123 [Man. R. M. 390; 111. Fl. i: Hillsides at an altitude of 1600 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1896, Rydberg, 3002. IMEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 83 Carex nardina Fries, Mant. 2: 55 [Man. R. M. 389: 111. Fl. i: 340]- Montana : Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canhv, 343. Carex Redowskyana Meyer ; Mem. Sav. Etr. Peters, i : 207 [111. Fl. I : 340] ; Carc.x gynoo'atesV^ovvnsk]. ; Drejer, Rev. Crit. Car. 16 [Man. R. M. 389]. Montana: Moose Creek, 1S87, R. S. WiUianis, 64.6. Carex sterilis angustata (Carey) Bailey, Bull.Torr. Bot. Club, 20: 425; Carex cchinata angustata Carey; Gray, Man. 544; C. echinata microcai-pa Bailey, in Coulter Man. R. M. 395. In moist ground. Montana: Logging Creek, 1888, R. S. Wlllianis, 4^1. *Carex interior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 20: 426 [111. Fl. i : 350]- Differs from C. sterilis in its shorter, short-beaked and weaker- nerved perigynia. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rxdlierg & Besscy, 1779- Carex canescens L. Sp. PI. 974 [Man. R. M. 394; 111. Fl. i : 351 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 236]. In mountain meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, 480; Ryciberg; 2233; Park Co., 1887, Tzueedy; Neihart, 1888, R. S. Williaius, 7^2; Spanish Basin, 18^6, Rvdherg; 30JJ, 3^43 : Rlodman, 320. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14,1897, Rydherg- & Bessex, 3-jyj ; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, j/jcy; 1884, Tzceedy, 21S. Carex brunescens (Pers.) Poir. in Lam. Enc. Suppl. 3 : 286 [111. Fl. I : 351] ; Carex ctirta brunnescens Pers. Syn. 2 : 539? Carex canescens alpicola Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 286 [Man. R. M. 394]. In mountain meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Rydberg, 223^; Grasshopper Valley, Watson, 1S80; Loto Creek, 1880, Watson. Carex Deweyana Schw. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i : 65 [Man. R. M. 394; 111. Fl. i: 354; Bot. Cal. 2: 236]. In woods up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Clendenin, 18S9, /?. S. Willianis, 466 ; Dutchman's Creek, Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 322. 84 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Carex Liddoni Boott : Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 214 [Man. R. M. 397]- In mountain meadows at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July 23 and 26, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssev, 3804 and J cS" 05; Bridger ^Nlts., June 11-14; j8oj and 380S: Trail Creek, 1887, Tzcccdy : Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scrtbnc)', J18 : Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3140 and 3031 }4,' Flodman, 3og. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzi'cedy, 632. Carex praticola; Carc.x fratcnsis Drejer, Rev. Crit. Car. 24: not Hose, 1797 ; [111. Fl. i : 354] : Carex adiista minor Boott, 111. 119 [Man. R. M. 397]. Mountain meadows at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Rydberg, 32ji : Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rvdberg d- Besscy, 3806 : Whitefish River, 1892, R. S. Williams, ^43; Spanish Creek, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3086 ; 3031. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Falls, Letterman. Carex tribuloides Wahl. Vet. Akad. Xya Handl. 24: 145 [111. Fl. I : 356] : Carex lagopodioidcs Schkur, Riedgr. Nacht. 20 [Man. R. M. 396]. In meadows at an altitude of about 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, iSg6, Rydbcrg, 3004. Carex straminea Willd. : Schk. Riedgr. 49 [Man. R. M. 397 ; 111. Fl. 1:358]. Dry meadows and prairies up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2i8y; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 438 ; Mission Range, 1883, Canby, 34J : Castle, 1896, Rydbcrg, 323 g (?). * Carex foenea Willd. Enum. 957 [111. Fl. i : 357]. Dr}^ valleys at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana": Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydbcrg, 31 4.8 {J). Carex Preslii Steud. S}^. PI. Cyp. 243 ; Carex Icporina Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 204 [Man. R. M. 396 ; 111. Fl. i : 356] ; not L. On the higher mountains at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg tf- Besscy, 3783; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Willia?ns, 647; East Boulder, 1887, Tweedy, 14; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 346: Upper Marias Pass, Canby. INIEMOIRS OF THE ^■E^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 05 Yellowstone Park: Stinking Water, 1873, P(ii">'y-, 28"/. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydbcrg <£- Bessey, 3782. Carex tenuirostris Olne}-, Am. Natur. 8: 214; Car ex Bonplandii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 152 (not Kunth) and var. angusti- folia in Coulter, ]Man. R. M. 395 in part. Mountain meadows at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Little Belt Mountains, 1896, .Rydbcrg; Jjgy. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydbcrg iS: Bcsscy, j8og; 1873, C. C. Parry, 28^. Carex festiva Dewey Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 246 [Man. R. M. 395; Bot. Cal. 2 : 234]. In wet meadows at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydbcrg, 20/j ; Mystic Lake, 2232; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 378^; Cliff Lake, July 27, 37g6; Spanish Basin, July i, j/p/; Bridger Mts., June 14, Jjgj : East Boulder, 1887, Tzvccdy, /p; West Boulder, 1887, 48 and 30; Hell Roaring Creek, 46; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 434: Bozeman, Scribncr, J 16; West Gallatin, J14; Belt Pass, 1896, Rydbcrg, 3341. Yellowstone Park : Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 3S00: Electric Peak, Aug. 18,3801; Swan Lake, 1888, I/. Knozulton; Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tweedy, 630; 1873, ^- ^• Parrx, 282. *Carex festiva stricta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i : 51. 1889. This and the two following should receive new names as the varietal names are antedated by similar ones used as specific else- where in the genus. The species needs, however, a thorough re- vision and in my opinion several species are included in it. It is therefore best perhaps to leave the names as they are until someone undertakes to study the plants critically. Most of the specimens cited below have been determined by Professor Bailey. Montana: Lima, Aug. 5, 1895, Shear, jy2]4. * Carex festiva viridis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 1:51. Montana: Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 313 ; Park Co., Tweedy . Carex festiva Haydeniana Boott, Bot. Cal. 2 : 234 [Man. R. M. 396]. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydbcrg d- 86 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTAXICAL GARDEN. Bessey, 381 1; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, JjSy; 1884, Tzt'cedy, 220; Falls of Yellowstone, 1871, Hayden. *Carex festiv-a pachystachya (Cham.) Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, I : 51 ; Carex -pachystachya Cham. : Steud. PI. Cyp. 197. Montana: Park Co., Tzi'cedy (ace. to Bailey). Carex festiva Dewey, var. The following specimens were designated thus by Professor Bailey. They represent several forms of the festiva group, perhaps even several distinct species. Montana: July 17, 1895, Rxdbcrg^ 2186: Spanish Basin, June 28 and July i, 1897, Rydherg ct- Bcsscy, 3/88, 3/8^; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, jojj ( ?) . Yellowstone Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, Jjgi : Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, j8io; Upper Falls, Aug. 14, jySj. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rvdberg- l(- Bessey, j/po, 3812. Carex athrostachya Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 393 [Man. R. M. 396; Bot. Cal. 2: 234]. In meadows up to an altitude of an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Shear, 433: Rydi)erg, 2216; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, 433: Flathead River, 1883, Canby^348; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3041 , 3036. * Carex sychnocephala Carey, Am. Journ. Sci. II., 4: 24 [111. Fl. I : 360]. Prairies at an altitude of less than 1000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 414. ARACEAE. * Lysichiton Kamtschatcensis Schott, Prod. Aroid. 412 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 187]. The only iVraceous plant of the region, somewhat resembling the Skunk Cabbage of the East. Its leaves are oblong-lanceolate, 3-7 dm. long and 8-25 cm. wide ; the peduncle is very stout, with a broad, acute spathe. It is confined to the portion of the State west of the Rockies. Montana: Hudson Bay Creek, Flathead Lake, 1883, Canby, MEMOIRS OF THE NEU' YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. S7 LEMNACEAE. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. PI. 370 [Man. R. M. 360; 111. Fl. i : 366; Bot. Cal. 2: 189]. In shallow water up to an altitude of 2500 in. Montana : Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams^ fjp. Yellowstone Park: 1871, Robert Adams (Hayden Surv\) ; 1887, Knozflton; Yellowstone Lake, 1871, Hayden; 1872, Coulter. Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. 970 [Man. R. M. 360; 111. Fl. i: 366; Bot. Cal. 2 : 190]. In stagnant water up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, Kehcx. * Lemna cyclostasa (Ell.) Chev. Fl. Par. 2: 256; Lemna minor cyclostasa Ell. Bot. S. Ca. & Ga. 2: 518; L. Valdiviana Phil. Linnaea, 33 : 239. Differs from L. minor in the lack of lateral veins on the fronds, which are smaller, and in the orthotropous ovules. In stagnant water. Yellowstone Park : Indian Creek, 1884, Tzceedy, j6. * Lemna gibba L. Sp. PI. 790 [111. Fl. i: 367; Bot. Cal. 2: 190]. Differs from X. minor by the fronds which are spongy gibbous beneath. It grows in ponds and slow streams up to an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Broad Creek, 1S85, Tzceedy, ^10. COMMELINACEAE. * Tradescantia occidentalis Britton : Tradescantia Virginiana occi- dentalis Britton, 111. Fl. i : 377. It differs from the eastern T. Virginiea in the longer and nar- rower leaves and the smaller flowers. It grows in sandy soil in the prairie and plain regions, reaching an altitude of 1200 m. Montana: Big Horn River, 189 1, Tzveedy. JUNCACEAE. Juncus Balticus Willd. Berhn Mag. 3: 298 [Man. R. M. 357; 111. Fl. i: 384; Bot. Cal. 2: 205]. In meadows, especially in alkaline soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, 7?)'rt''^^r^S 2072 and 2^08: Deer Lodge, 21J1 ; Melrose, Shear, 343; Forks of Madison, July 26, 1897, Ryd- 88 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDETS. herg & Besscv, 384.1 ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodnian, J26; Spanish Basin, j-'j; Great Falls, 1886, i?. S. Williams, 303 ; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rydherg, 318c); Elk Mountains, 3240. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Tzuccdy, 6yi . Juncus filiformis L. Sp. PI. 326 [Man. R. M. 357 ; 111. Fl. i : 383]. In wet places up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lake Terry, 1892, R. S. Williams, gii. Yellowstone Park: Turbid Lake, 1885, Tzoccdy, 668. Juncus subtriflorus ( E. Mey.) Coville, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 208; Juuctis comprcsstis subt riforiis "M^y . Linnaea, 3 : 368; J. Drummondii Mey. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross, 4 : 235 [Man. R. M. 357 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 206]. On mountain tops at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodman, 330: Long Baldy, 32g; Mill Creek, Park Co., 1887, Tzvccdy, 134: Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, 313 ; Little Belt Mountains, 18(^6, Ryd I) erg, 3336 nnd 33 p6. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Ryd- hcrg & Bessey, 3816 and 381 j; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 38 ig; 1885, Tweedy, 66g. Juncus Parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Louis, 2 : 446 [Man. R. M. 357; Bot. Cal. 2: 206]. High mountain tops at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 7, 1897, Rxdhcrg & Bessey, 3818 : Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodmaii , 328 ; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 310; Park Co., 1887, R. Ticccdy, 133 ; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Rydbcrg^ 33^8 and j^zo/. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Adams (Ha3^den Surve}'). * Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 127. Resembles J. tenuis, but differs in the more contracted panicle, the shorter bract and the larger capsule. It is nearl}' as common and occurs in similar situations. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1897, Rxdberg d- Bessey, 3813 ; Elk Mts., 1896, Flodman, 334: Spanish Basin, jjj,- Bozeman, 1886, Tweedy, 1046; Horned Creek, 1883, Scribner, 2^3 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3038, 30^3, and 3116 ; Elk Mountains, 3282. Yellowstone Park: Yellow^stone Lake, 1871, Hayden. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. PL 2: 214 [Man. R. M. 358 : Ill.Fl. i : 386 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 207]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 89 Common in meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, Shear, 441: Bozeman, J^Yddc7-o; 221 1 ; Logan, Shear, joy ; Townsend, Rydberg, 214^; Spanish Basin, June 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3840; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams, joS ; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 2pj ; Missoula, 1880, Wafson. Juncus longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 223 [Man. R. M. 358; 111. Fl. i: 388; Bot. Cal. 2: 208]. In meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Shear, 420: Rydberg, 21^2 and 2183; Bozeman, 2212; Silver Bow, Juh' 8, 210-/; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897; Rydberg d: Bess ey, ^822: Spanish Basin, July I, 1897, j(?2j,- 1896, J^lodnian, jjj : Great Falls, 1887, R. S. Willianis, J14; Bozeman, 1896, Rydberg, jooj; Spanish Basin, Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzueedy, 6yo. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg iX: Bessey, J821. * Juncus Regelii Buchen. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 12 : 414. It is related to ,/. uiarginattis and J. longistylis, but is more delicate, has narrow leaves and smaller heads. In damp places on the moun- tain sides at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Shear, 48 1; Rydberg, 2242; Bridger Mountains, 1896, Rlodnian, jji : Spanish Basin, 1896, Ryd- berg, 3136 : Bridger Mountains, 321 1 . Juncus bufonius L. Sp. PI. 328 [Man. R. M. 358 ; 111. Fl. i : 285 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 206]. On river banks and in wet sandy soil up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, iS^^, Rydberg, 21 gg; Shear, 438 ; Frid- ley, 1887, Tweedy, 133 ; Deep Creek, 1891, R. S. Williams, 2gy. Yellowstone Park: Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 6, 1897, Ryd- berg ct- Bessey, 3820; Turbid Lake, 1885, Tzveedy, 6'/2. Juncus Richardsonianus Schult. ; R. & S. Syst. 7 : 201 [111. Fl. i : 391]; Juncus alpi)ius insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 458 [Man. R. M. 358]. In mountain meadows. Montana : Belt Creek, R. S. Williams, jog. * Juncus nodosus L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 466 [111. Fl. i : 392 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 208]. 90 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. It differs from the next in the smaller greener heads and erect, not divergent, leaves. On river banks up to an altitude of 1800 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Bydberg, 2116: Manhattan, ^'207; Shcai', 444; Melrose, J^vdhcrg, 22y2: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, jjy; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams^ joj ; East Gal- latin, 1896, Rydbcrg, J186. Juncus Torreyi Coville, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22 : 303 [111. Fl. i : 392] ; Juncus nodosus megaccpkalus Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2 : 326 [Man. R. M. 358 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 208] ; Juncus niegacephahis Wood, Bot. Ed. 2, 724, 1861 ; not M. A. Curtis, 1835. In or near water up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Gallatin, 1895, Shea?-, jjj ; Great Falls, 1886, 7?. S. Winiains, jjg; Fridley, 1887, Tzueedy, ijj. * Juncus Tweedyi. Juucus Canadensis coarctatus Coulter, Man. R. M. 358, at least as to the Yellowstone Park specimens. Stem about 3 dm. high, strict, light green, 2-3 mm. in diameter; leaves terete or slightly flattened, more or less distinctly septate, with conspicuous scarious sheaths, the basal ones short ; stem leaves, except the upper ones, about i dm. long : heads in a contracted panicle, brown and shining, 5-8-tlowered ; perianth-segments sub- equal, about 4 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; bracts ovate, cuspidate-acuminate; stamens 3, about two-thirds as long as the perianth ; anthers much shorter than the filaments ; style rather short : capsule dark brown and shining, oblong, acute, sharply 3-angled, about one-fourth longer than the perianth ; seeds light-colored, about i mm. long, tailed at both ends. It is perhaps nearest related to J. Canadensis, but differs in the more contracted panicle, the larger and browner flowers, the shorter and thicker, less acuminate and very dark brown pods. In general habit, it resembles more ./. Xcvadensis, but is stouter and has only 3 stamens. It grows in bogs at an altitude of 2100 m. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzcccdy, 223 (type); Mud Springs, 187 1, Adams. * Juncus Nevadensis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 303 [Bot. Cal. 2: 209]. This belongs to the same group as J. Canadensis, but is more slen- der, with fewer and few-flowered heads, and the flower has 6 stamens. It is found in mountain meadows at an altitude of 1800-2500 m. me:moirs of the new york botanical garden. 91 Montana: Bozeman, 1895; Rvdbcrg, 2210 and 2212%; Mel- rose, 22^2; Elk Mts., 1896, Flodman^ 33^; Rydberg, 32JJ; Spanish Basin, 30JJ. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzcccdy, 22 j. Juncus Meitensianus Bong. Veg. Sitchain Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 167 [Man. R. M. 358; Bot. Cal. 2: 210]. In the mountain meadows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Below Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg (&: Besscv, 38J0; Indian Creek, July 21, 382^; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 34o: Litttle Belt Pass, Jjp; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, ijg; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^i i ; Span- ish Basin, 1896, Rydbe?'g, 313S; Little Belt Mts., jjj/, jjj^ and 3394- Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg cC- Bessey, 382^; 1885, Tzueedy, 66 j: Hoodoo Basin, 1897, P. Koch: Yellowstone Lake and Upper Falls, Adams. Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 2: 481 [Man. R. M. 359; Bot. Cal. 2: 209]. Common in the mountain meadows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rvdbcrg, 2066: Helena; Manhattan, 2igy ; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 3826; Spanish Basin, July i, J828 (?, too young) ; Indian Creek, July 21, j82Qy2; West Boulder, 1887, Tzcecdy, ij8; Box Elder Creek, 1886, R. S. Williams: East Gallatin Swamp, 1896, Ryd- be/'g, jip8 ; Lo Lo, 1898, Williams tC- Griffith. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzueedy, 666 : 1873, C C. Parry, ^75. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 382J. * Juncus ensifolius Wikst. Kong. Vet. Akad. Hand. 2: 274. 1823. yniiciis xiphioides triaudnis Eng. Trans. x\cad. Sci. St. Louis, 2 : 482 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 209] . Differs from the last in having only 3 stamens. It grows in simi- lar situations, and is sometimes mixed with it. Montana: Forks of the Madison, July 26, iS()'j , Rydberg & Bessey, 382 j ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jj8 ; Rydberg, 30J0, 307 5 ^ 3099,3102, 31 12 and 31 13. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 209 [111. Fl. i: 397] ; JiincHS farviforits Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 139; Luziila spadicea farvijiora Meyer, Linnaea, 22 : 399 [Man. R. M. 357; Bot. Cal. 2: 202]. 92 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In mountain meadows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3832; June 28, 383 J ; Belt River, 1886, 7?. S. Williams, 303; Park County, 1887, Tweedy, 160. Yellowstone Park: East DeLacA's Creek, August 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3831 ; 1885, Tzceedy, 6/3. Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 722 [111. Fl. i : 39S] ; Jiincus canipestris L. Sp. PI. 329 : Lnzula campestris DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 161 [Man. R. M. 356; Bot. Cal. 2: 203]. In mountain meadows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Rydberg, 2233 : Bridger Moun- tains, July 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 383 j : Spanish Basin, June 2^,3833; July 1,3834: 1896, Flodman, 341 : Deer Lodge County, 1888, Tweedy, pj; Tiger Butte, 1S86, R. S. Williauis, 306: Span- ish Basin, 1896, Rydberg, 3081, 31 10. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, August 10, 1897, Rydberg (I- Bessey, 3836 ; 1884, Tweedy, 221: 1885,^77?. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 725 [111. Fl. i : 397] ; Juncus spieatiis L. Sp. PL 330; Luzula spicata DC. FL Fr. 3: 161 [Man. R. M. 357; Bot. Cal. 2: 203]. On mountain tops at an altitude of 2500 m. or more. Montana: Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 383 g; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, jg8 : Haystack Peak, 1887, Tzveedy, 161. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, 6 J3. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydberg ct'- Bessey, 3838. MELAXTHACEAE. Tofieldia glutinosa (^Nlichx.) Pers. Syn. i : 399 [Man. R. M. 354; 111. FL i: 400: Bot. Cal. 2: 184;^ Wats. Rev.* 283]. In cold swamps in the northwestern part of the state. Montana: Flathead River, 1892,7?. S. Williams, ^13 : Granite, 1892, AW^rv; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 32S. Xerophyllum Douglasii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 284 [Man. R. M. 354; Bot. Cal. 2: 186]. Hillsides up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: West Boulder, Doris Creek, Park Co., 1887, F. Tweedy, 63; Deer Lodge, 1888, p2 : Bozeman, 1886, P. Koeh ; * Watson, Revision of the X. Am. Liliaceae in Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 213-303. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 93 Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams^ ^30; Ft. Ellis to Yellowstone, 187 1, Haxdcn ; Trail Creek Divide, Big Hole Valle}^ 1880, Watson ; Jocko Range, 1880, Watsoii. * Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 405 [Bot. Cal. 2: 145: Wats. Rev. 278]. The genus is distinguished from Zxgadciiiis by its nodding flowers, and narrow glandless perianth-segments. It is only found west of the Rockies. Montana: Deer Lodge Co., iSg2, Miss JSnuna Ware; Flathead River, 1883, Canbx, 332 : Big Blackfoot River, Caiihy ; divide be- tween Hell Gate and Big Blackfoot, 18S0, Watson. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 241 [Man. R. M. i^t^T^ ; 111. Fl. i: 405; Wats. Rev. 278]. In meadows up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, j^2 ; Mill Creek, Park Co., 1887,/^. Tzuccdy, 66; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydbcrg cC Besscy, 38^6: Spanish Basin, June 26 and July i, j8^j, J84S ; Belt Mts., 1890, R. S. Wi/liavis, 2j : Gallatin Co., 3f7's. A/dcrson : Bozeman, 1886, Tzi'eedy, 12^; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Sc?-ib)icr, 28S : Madison Val- ley, 1 87 1, Hay den. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzcccdv, 8g. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d- Rcssey, 384^. Zygadenus venenosus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 279 [Man. R. M. 353 ; 111. Fl. I : 405 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 183]. In dry valleys and on hillsides up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodinan^ 343 > Bridger Mts., June 12, iSg"], Rydbc)-g (S: Bessey^ j84g; Spanish Basin, June 26, 3848; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 6jo; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. S/iazL' : Helena, 1891, Kclscy ; Madison River, 1883, Scribncr, 28 g. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Rev. Dr. Charles H. Hall; Mam- moth Hot Springs, 1885, TzL'eedy, joj ; 1889, R. W. Dezcari. Zygadenus paniculatus ( Nutt. ) Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 344 [Man. R. M. 354; Bot. Cal. 2: 185; Wats. Rev. 279]; Helonias fanicidata Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 57. On dry hillsides in the western part of the state. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, F. N. Xotestein; Grasshopper Valley, Watson, 1880. 94 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Veratrum Californicum Durand, Journ. Phila, Acad. 3: 103 [Man. R. M. 353 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 182 ; Wats. Rev. 277]. Along streams in the mountain regions up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, iSg6, J^/od/uan, j^^: Little Belt Mts., j^^^; Bozeman, 1886, P. Koch; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Belt Park, 1886, 7?. .5'. Williams, ^-jj : Belt Creek, 1883, Scrihner, 28 y; Loto Creek, 1880, Watson. LILL\CEAE. Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. : A. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4: no [Man. R. M. 350 : 111. Fl. i : 411 : Bot. Cal. 2 : 157 ; Wats. Rev.* 240] . In sandy valleys at an altitude of 1000—2000 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1888, /^. Tzveedy, 702 .• Bozeman, 1882; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrson ; Helena, 1891, S.A. Mcrritt ; Livings- ton, 1883, Scrihner, 2yj. Allium Sibiricum L. Man. 562 [Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 188]; Allium Schoenoprasum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 226 in part [Man. R. M. 347, in part]. It is much taller and stouter than A. ScJwenoprasiim, 5-6 dm. high, with only one basal leaf, with much thicker leaves and larger flowers. In meadows and rock}' places at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg, 2601 ; Sweet Grass Ca- non, 1896, Flodman, J^g; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, j8ji ; Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, gi4; Upper Flathead, 1883, Canby, ji6 ; Smith's River, 1883, Scrih- ner, 2y6: Grasshopper Valley, Watson, iSSo. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy,8j ; 1885,500; 1883, J/«ry Compton; 1873, C. C. Parry, 2jo and 2-/I. Allium cernuum Roth, Roem. Arch, i : part 3, 40 [Man. R. ]M. 347; 111. Fl. i: 413: Wats. Rev. 226]. Hillsides and rock}- places at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1888, Kclsey. * Allium recurvatum. Bulb oblong-ovoid, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, crowning a more or less persistent rhizome ; coats membranous, the outer somewhat fibrous ; scape slender, 3-5 dm. high, almost terete: leaves 1-2 dm. long, * Watson, Revision of N. Am. Liliaceac in Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 213-303. me:moirs of the new york botanical garden. 95 1-3 mm. wide, thick, half-rounded on the back, round-channeled ; umbel manj'-flowered, nodding ; involucre two-leaved, almost 2 cm. long ; perianth-segments elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 5 mm. long, generally pink with a darker midvein ; stamens and style exserted ; capsule with 6 rather prominent crests at the summit. It is nearest related to Allium cernuuui., differing in the leaves, the more slender less ridged scape, the larger involucre, and the more distinct midveins of the perianth-segments. In the eastern Al- lium cernuum, the leaves are almost flat and more or less keeled. In A. nutans, there is no keel and the channel is rounded as well as the back. The leaves of A. cernuuvi are also much wider, i. e., from 3 to 7 mm. wide; the flowers are generallv also much paler in. that species and the perianth-segments with an indistinct midvein. A. milans grows on dry hills at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2602: Elk Mts., i8g6, Rlod- man,j^i: Helena, 1891,/^. D. Kclsey ; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, jSjO (type); Trail Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 6j ; Salesville, 7^. W. T. Shazv ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Mooi'e; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 2^/ : Plains near Snowy Mts., 1882, Canby ; Bannock City, 1880, Watson; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Ticcedy, go; 1885,50/. Other specimens of A. nutans are the following : South Dakota: Custer and Bull Springs, 1892, Rvdberg, lojj. Wyoming : Wallace Creek, 1894, A. Xelson, 661 ; Laramie Peak, 1895, i6jj. Washington: Bellingham Bav, 1890, Sul'sdorf, iooj; Puget Sound, 1838-42, Wilkes'' E.xped., J2. Vancouver Island: Mt. Finlayson, iS'S'] , John Ma conn. Allium brevistylum Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5 : 350 [Man. R. M. 347; Wats. Rev. 226]. In wet and shady places up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Elk Mis., i8g6, Flodnian, jj2 ; Park Co., 1887, 7^. Tzveedy ; Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, j8j6 ; Spanish Basin, June 26 and July i , 38 j2, jSjj and j8jj ; Jack Creek, July 14, 3834; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, 2g; Bear Creek, 1887, Tzveedy,6g; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Canby, 31'j ; Warm Springs, Crow Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 280; Shinberger's Caiion, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1884, 96 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Tzvcedy, 86: Grand Canon, 1889, J^. IV. Dczvart ; Yellowstone Lake, 187 1, Hay den ; 1873, C. C. Parry, 26g. * Allium librosum Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 188. This most i-esembles A. Canadcusc, but is distinguished by the slender habit, the bright red bulblets and the crest of the ovar}-. From A. reticulatum and A. Gcycri it is separated by the presence of bulblets. Mountain sides and valle3-s at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Lima, June 29, 1895, Rydberg; 2606: Beaver Head Co., 1888, P. Tweedy, loi ; Spanish Basin, June 30, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, jSjg; Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, jig; Bozeman Pass, 1893, Canby, Jig. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Tzceedy, ^gg. Allium Nuttallii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227 [Man. R. M. 348; 111. Fl. i: 414]. Dry hillsides and prairies up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Dillon, 1895, Rydberg, 260 j. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Rev. Dr. C/ias. H. Hall. Allium reticulatum Fraser ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 184 [Man. R. ]M. 348; Wats. Rev. 227]. Dry places at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Madison River, 1883, Scribner, 2jS : Big Blackfoot River and Bozeman Pass, 1883, Canby,' j 18 ; Bannock City, 1880, lValso)i . * Allium Geyeri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227. Stouter and taller than the prec eding : perianth-segments acuminate, strongly nerved and rigid in fruit. Dry valleys up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Fort Benton, yc?//// Pearsall, ioj6; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. T. Shavj; Madison Co., Mrs, McNulty : Great Falls, 1885, ^- ■5- Williains, 280; Shields River, 1883, Scribner, 2-jg. Allium Tolmiei Baker, Bot. Mag. 6227 [Man. R. M. 349; Wats. Rev. 234]. At an altitude of 2700 m. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzceedy, ^g8. * Allium collinura Dougl. ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 228. It is characterized by the non-fibrous bulb, the outer scales of which are more or less reticulated, the low scape, the ovate-lanceolate, acute perianth-segments, which are twice as long as the stamens and style, and the capsule slightly ridged at the summit. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 97 Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Cajiby, j20. Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 186 ; Brodiaea Doiiglasii W^\.s. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 237 [Man. R. M. 349;' Bot. Cal. 2 : 154]. Among bushes up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: East Boulder, 1889, Tzveedy ; Bridger Mts., June 11 and 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, J862 and j86j ; Spanish Basin, June 24, j'<5'(5/ ; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Deer Lodge, 1892, F. ]V. Notcstein; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Canby, jij ; Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Watson. * Lilium montanum A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26 : 6. It differs from L. Philadel^hicuin and L. iimbcUatum Pursh, in the shorter and broader, less distinctly clawed, perianth-segments ; from the former in the form of the pod, which is elliptic-cylindric, not broadly obovoid, and from the latter in the much broader leaves. In wet meadows. Montana: Rich Creek, 1883, Canby, 322; Judith Mountains, 1882, Canby, * Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 230 [Bot. Cal. 2 : 169 ; Wats. Rev. 259]. Differs from F. ati-opurptirca in its broader lanceolate leaves and larger brownish purple corolla* with greenish yellow spots. On hijl- sides at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, Jul}^ 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3868 ; headwaters of the Missouri, Lewis. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54 [Man. R. M. 351 : 111. Fl. i: 419; Bot. Cal. 2: 169; Wats. Rev. 259]. Hillsides in rich soil at an altitude of 1000—2500 m. Montana: Wycth: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg d- Bcssey, j86/ ; Gallatin Co., Carrie Shipman ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. S/mzu; Belt Mts., 1890, R. S. Williams, ly; Helena, 1889, Kelscy ; Bozeman, 1883, Seribner, 281; Bitter Root Valle}^, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzueedy, Sog; 1884, 88. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64 [Man. R. M. 352; Bot. Cal. 2: 170; Wats. Rev. 260] ; Liliuui pudiciiin Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 228. In rich soil on hillsides at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. 98 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTAXICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodinan, j^j: Deer Lodge, 1888, F. IV. Traphagen; Madison Co., 1888, 7^. Tzcccdy, pp; Helena, 1890, 7^. Z>. Kehey ; Bridger Mts., June 18, iSg^,Ryd- hcrg- & Bessey, 3866; Hell Gixte, Jo/ni Pearsa/l, 802 : Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Mttth; Deer Lodge, 1882, W. T. S/iaiu ; Boze- manPass, 1882, Tweedy: Great Falls, 1889, 7?. S. Willianis, 2^; Helena, 1889, Kehey ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribncr, 282; Head- waters of the Missouri, Lczcis (type). Yellowstone Park: Sepulcher Mountain, 1885, 7zt'6'6'r/v, 508; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dezvart; Yellowstone, 1873, C. C. Parry, 267. Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1786 [Man. R. M. 352: Bot. Cal. 2: 170: Wats. Rev. 260]. In rich wet soil on the sides of the mountains, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, F/odnia/i, j^6 and j^/ : Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen; Bridger Mts., June 15 and 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 386^, 3870 and 3871; Spanish Basin, July i, 3872; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzueedy, 70; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Hohson; Gallatin Co., JSIiss Shipman; Clendenin, 1881, R. S. Williams, 133; Anaconda, 1891, Kelscy : Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scrihner, 283; Canbv, 323; Bald Mountain, Beaver Head Co.^ 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzceedy, 303; 1883, Marx Compton. * Erythronium Hendersonii Wats. Proc. Km. Acad. 22 : 479. It is distinguished from the preceding by the light purple-tinged bases of the perianth-segments and the short brownish anthers. It grows in similar situations. Montana: Bridger Canon, 1892, W. T S/iazc. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. * Calochortus apiculatus Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305 [Bot. Cal. 2: 174; Wats. Rev. 263]. Characterized by the straw-colored umbellate flowers, and the winged capsules on reflexed pedicels. Prairies, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Clarke's Fork, 1882, Tweedy; Missoula Co., Mrs, Re n n edy ; Western Montana, Jlfiss Fninia Ware; Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 633; Blackfoot and Jocko Rivers, 1883, Canby, 323. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 99 * Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. Hort. Trans. 7: 275 [Bot. Cal. 2: 176; Wats. Rev. 266]. Resembles somewhat C. Niittallii, but the petals are purplish and acute. It is rare within the region. Montana: Flathead Lake, 1883, Tzceedy, 327. * Calochortus acuminatus Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 188. Distinguished from C. NuttaUii by its acute petals and longer tapering anthers. Dry hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Lima, August 5, i8()$, Rydbej-g; ^(5oo; Fort Custer, 1891, Tzuecdy : Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, j8yj. Calochortus Wuttallii T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 : 124 [Man. R. M. 352; 111. Fl. i: 422: Bot. Cal. 2: 177; Wats. Rev. 266]. Dry hillsides at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Priest's Pass, id,gi, Kehcy ; Custer Co., 1892, J/r^. I^ight. Calochortus Gunnisoni Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5:348 [Man. R. M. 352; 111. Fl. i: 422; Bot. Cal. 2: 177; Wats. Rev. 267]. Hillsides and dry mountain valleys, at an alutude of 1000-2000 m. Montana : Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodnian, J48; Madison Creek, 1897, P. Koch, 61 : Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scr/bncr, 2S3. * Calochortus nitidus Dougl. Hort. Trans. 7 : 277 [Wats. Rev. 264] ; CalocJiorlus cnrycarpus Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5 : 348. Characterized by the umbellate inflorescence, the sharply 3- winged pod and the rather small acute petals. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 263. * Calochortus pavonaceus Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. Differs mainly from C. nitidus in the larger size of the flowers, which are generally slightly tinged with purple. It grows in mead- ows, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co. and Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzueedy, 42; Deer Lodge, 3fiss Prances Hobson ; Priest's Pass, 1892, Kelscy. Yellowstone Park : Lake, 187 1, Harden. Idaho: Henry's Lake, Aug. i, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bessey, 3874. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2, 52 [Man. R. M. 352 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 145 ; Wats. Rev. 261] ; Anthericiim serotinwni L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 444. On the higher mountain tops, at an altitude of 2500 m. and more. lOO MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Park Co., 1SS9, Tzvecdy ; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey,j86j; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 3864; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 776: .McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby,j24: Belt JNIts., 1883, Scribncr, 284. Yellowstone Park: Mt. Norris, 1885, Tweedy^ 502; Soda Butte, 1885, Tzveedy, J02. Yucca glauca Nutt. ; Frasers Cat. 1813 [111. Fl. i : 427] ; Viicca angttstifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 227 [Man. R. M. 351 : Wats. Rev. 253]. Dry hills and plains, at an altitude of 1000-1800 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1 891, 7?. 5". Williams, 674: Park Co., 1889, Tzcecdy. Quamasia Quamash (Pursh) Coville, Pioc. Biol. Soc. Wash, ii: 64; P/iala)igi'iim J^iaDiash Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 226; Cauiassia cscu- Icuta (ker) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18: i486 [Man. R. .M. 350]; Scilla csciilcnta Ker, Bot. Mag. 1574. Hillsides and valleys, at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rvdbcrg, 2610; Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzi'ccdy, 100: Priest's Pass, 1882, Kelsey ; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs.Miith; McDonald's Pass, 1883, Canby, 321 : Big Hole Valley, Watson, 1880. CONVALLARIACEAE. * Clintonia uniflora (Menz.) Kunth, Enum. 5: 159 [Bot. Cal. 2: 179; Wats. Rev.* 272]; Smilaciiia tinijlora Menz.; Hook. FL Bor. Am. 2 : 175. A more or less villous plant, with leaves resembling those of the lily-of-the-valley, and a scape with a single white flower. Montana : Missoula Co., Miss Hotchhiss: White Fish Lake, 1892^ C. W. Helm ich : ]oc'ko River, 1883, Catibv, jjo. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 316 [111. Fl. I : 429] : Stnilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7 : 58 [Man. R. M. 350: Bot. Cal. 2 : 161 : Wats. Rev. 244]. Wooded hillsides, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1895, Rlodman, jjj ;V?i\-'k Co., 1889, Tweedy; Bridger Mts., June 11-18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessev, 3876 and 3877; Gallatin Co., M?-s. Alder son : Bozeman, 1892, W. IT. Shazv; Trail Creek, 1S87, Tzveedy, 71; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 324; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; 1883, Scribncr, 273. * Watson Revision of N. A. Liliaccac in Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 213-303. MEMOIRS OF THE NE\V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. lOI Yellowstone Park : Electric Peak, August 20, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 3878. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, June 29, 1897, Rydberg- d- Bcssey, jSyg. * Vagnera liliacea (Greene) ; Unifoliuni liliaceuin Greene, Pittonia, I : 280. It differs from the eastern [^. stellata in being glabrous, in the folded leaves and the longer pedicels ; from the western V. sessilifolia in the leaves, which are long-acuminate and falcate at the apex. Wooded hillsides. Montana: Bridger Mis., June 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 387J ; Gallatin Co., Airs. Alderson; Sheridan, 1892, Mrs. L. A. Fitch; Bozeman, 1883, Scribner, 27^; Flathead Lake, 1883, H.B. Ayres, CCC.rXF//,- Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Walsofi. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Br. Chas. H. Hall; Tower Falls, 1885, Tzveedy, jo6. Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) B. & H. Gen. PI. 3: 832 [111. Fl. i: ^'7^2~\\ Prosartes trachvcarpa Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 344 [Man. R. M. 353; Bot. Cal. 2: 179; Wats. Rev. 270]. Mountain sides ainong rocks, mostly in shaded places, at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., i8g6, R/od//ia/i, jj^: Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 3881 ; Jack Creek, July 14, 3880; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw; 1887, Tzi-eedy, 68: Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Marysville, Miss O. B. Russell; Bozeman, 1883, Scribner^ 286; Judith Mts., 1882, Canbv. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessev,3882; 1884,^. Tzceedy,gi. * Disporum major (Hook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15: 188; Uvularia lanuginosa major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174; Pro- sartes (9/'rov7;/« Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 211 [Bot. Cal. 2: 179]- Distinguished by its acuminate cordate leaves, more or less villous pubescence, and acute fruit. Montana: Flathead River, 1883, Canby, 32g. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Franc. 3: 174 [Man. R. M. 353 ; 111. Fl. I : 432 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 177 ; Wats. Rev. 269] ; Uvu- laria aniplexifolia L. Sp. PI. 304. In damp woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. I02 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman^ Jji-' Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrson; Madison Co., 1886, Tweedy, 1212; Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams, J22 : Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 2^2. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzvcedy, jjoy. TRILLIACEAE. * Trillium obovatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 245; Trilliiun ovatum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 274, in part; not Pursh. Distinguished from T. ovatum Pursh by the obovMte white or rose- colored petals ; the latter has oblanceolate acute and generally purplish petals. Woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1885, Tzceedy, jO^: Middle Creek, 1892, W. T. Skazv: Deer Lodge Co., Miss Ware: Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson ; Flathead River, 1883, Caiiby, jji ; Granite Caiion, Mis- soula, 1880, Watsoji, Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, jo^. IRIDACEAE. Iris Missouriensis Xutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58 [Man. R. M. 344; 111. Fl. i: 449; Bot. Cal. 2: 140]. In valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1895, Flodman, Jj6 ; Bridger Mts., June II, 1897, Rydberg ']i, Robert Adams in the Ha3'den Surve}- (pistillate flowers only : the staminate flowers belonging to another species) : 1884, Tzccedy, 34. Salix stricta (Anderson) Rydberg, Bull. X. Y. Bot. Gard. i: 273 ; Salix dcsertoi-^im stricta Anders. ; DC. Prod. 16': 281 : S. desertorum Bebb ; Coulter, Man. R. M. 338. It is evident that Mr. Bebb did not exactly know the true S. dcser- toniiii, as he states that Z^;'//?/^;;/^;;;^/, 6j/, represents the typical form. Driunmond, 6jS, mounted on the same sheet in the Torrey Herba- rium is quite different and matches Richardson's specimens exactl}'. They are not at all yellowish silky as is the shrub found in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. The leaves are only slightly hairy, and in the dry specimens dark : the catkins are longer than in our plant, and the bark is dark. In S. stricta the bark is often yel- lowish or grayish. Montana: Cutbank Creek, 1883, Canhy, 2S6 and 2^4: Red Mountain, 1888, Tzvccdy, jS. Yellowstone Park : Lower Geyser Basin, August 4, 1897, Rydberg dr Bessey, jgij. * Salix Geyeriana And. 6fv. Vet. Akad. Forh.15: 122 [Bot. Cal. 2:87]. Like S. crccta and S. Wolfii, but differing from both in the stipi- tate capsule and obsolete style. The pubescence is more appressed and more finely silky. Montana: Flathead River, 1883, Canby, 2gj. Salix Wolfii Bebb, Bot. Wheeler. Exp. 241 ; Salix desertorum Woljii Bebb: Coulter, Man. R. ^vl. 338. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. II5 It is evidently as good a species as any, differing from S. dcser- torwn in the larger glabrous capsules, the dark narrow bracts, the larger and more acute leaves, and the notched stigma. In alpine bogs, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Yellowstone Park: 1886, Tzuccdy, 4.S1; 1884, jj. * Salix Dodgeana Rydberg, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 277. A delicate suffruticose little plant, scarcely more than 2 cm. high above ground. Stems slender but short, mostly subterranean, with brown bark ; shoots, at least when young, with yellowish green bark, densely covered with leaves, the whole plant perfecdy glabrous ex- cept the margins of the bracts; leaves 4-5 mm. long, oblong or oval, acutish or obtuse, light green, strongly veined ; pistillate cat- kins generally 2-flowered, bracts oblong, truncate, sparingly villous- ciliate ; capsule oblong-ovoid, glabrous, with two sessile 2-cleft stig- mas ; staminate catkins generally 3-4-flowered ; stamens 2 with slender glabrous filaments more than twice as long as the bracts, and short anthers. This is nearest related to S. rottindifolia^ which, however, has nearly orbicular often emarginate leaves and more strongly ciliate obovate bracts. S. Dodgra)ia is, as far as know^n, the smallest willow in existence. | } At the original locality it w^as found covering whole acres of ground, growing on the mountain side at an altitude of 3200 m. Mr. Tweedy collected his specimens at about the same alti- tude. It was dedicated to Mr. William E. Dodge, of New York City, a friend and pairon of botany. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & JBessey, 3(^^, Rydbo'g: Ruby River, 1887, Tzveedy, 100: Beaver Head Co., 1888, loy. * Eriogonum Simpsonii Benth. DC. Prod. 14: 18. Nearest related to JS. viicrothccton, but with very narrowlv linear leaves. Dry benches at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Lewis and Clarke Co., 1894, B. Dotig/as: Madison Co., 1886, TzL'cedv. Rumex Acetosella L. Sp. PI. 338 [Man. R. M. 318; 111., Fl. i: 547 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 10]. Introduced and readily establishing itself in waste places, old fields and sandy soil. Montana: Missoula, 1898, Williauis & Griffith. Rumex Geyeri (Meisner) Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 78 : Riimex Engelmannii GeyerilA€\^n. DC. Prod. 14 : 64 : Rumex ■paucifoUus Nutt. Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 314 [Man. R. M. 318 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 10]. In meadows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodniav, 402: Bridger Mts., 40J ; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, jg6; Lewis and Clarke Co., Afrs. Miith ; Davis Creek, 1887, Tweedy^ toj: Bridger Mts., June 12-18, 1897, Rydbe}'g & Bessey, ^j^S and JJ4/: Spanish Basin, June 28, JJ4S. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 24^; 1885, Tzveedy, 771; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, ^J4^. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. PI. 335 [111. Fl. i : 55-] ; Rumex maritimus L. I.e. [Man. R. M. 318; Bot. Cal. 2:9]. In water up to an altitude of 2500 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1 25 Montana: Great Falls, R. S. Williauis, jp,-,- Little Prickly Pear Canon, 1883, Scn'hncr, 2^^. Yellowstone Park: Turbid Lake, 1885, Tn'ccdv, 774: Mam- moth Hot Springs, 1884, --/-• Rumex salicifolius Weinm. ; Flora, 4 : 28 [Man. R. AL 317; 111. Fl. i: 549: Bot. Cal. 2:8]. In swamps, along streams, etc., up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, R. S. WiUianis, 2g4; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrson: Crow Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 246; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 53 4g. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzcccdy, 773. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 253 [Man. R. M. 317; 111. Fl. i: 550; Bot. Cal. 2: 8]. In wet meadows up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydbcrg; 2614; Fridley, 1887, Tzvecdy, 104; Gallatin River, 1886, 120J ; Box Elder Creek, 1887, R. S. Williams, jg4; Fort Maginnis, 1882, Canhy ; Forks of the Madison, July 27, 1897, Rydbcrg d: Bcsscy, Jjjo. . Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 733 [Man. R. M. 317 ; 111. Fl. i: 548; Bot. Cal. 2:8]. In sand}^ soil at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzceedy, 104; Missoula Co., J/rs. Kennedy; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, jgj ; Glendive, 1892, iMrs. Wni. G. Bailey; Madison River, 1883, Scrihner, 247. Yellowstone Park ; Steven's Island, 1885, Tzvccdy, 772. Oxyria digyna (L.) Camptdera, Rumex, ^SS'i P^- 3- /• 3 [Man. R. M. 317 : 111. Fl. i: 553; Bot. Cal. 2: 7]; Rumex digvnus 1j. sp. PI. 337. Among rocks on the highest mountains at an altitude of 2500- 3500 m. ' Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, /7c: 235]. Taller than the typical S. borealis, with broader leaves, and the upper bracts more or less scarious. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, 2^2. * Alsine Americana (Porter) ; Stellaria dichotonia Amerieana Porter ; Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29; 289 [Syn. Fl. i' : 237]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I45 A glandular-pubescent plant, low and caespitose, with the leaves crowded at the summit, resembling somewhat the Asiatic A. dicho- toma, but differing in the broadly ovate acute leaves, the obtuse sepals and the longer narrow petals which are about twice as long as the sepals. It resembles a Ccrasiiuin more than an AJsinc in gen- eral habit. Among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: Virginia City, 1871, W. B. Piatt; Lone Mountain, 1886, Tzcecdy, iij2: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 40J2; Bridger Mts., June 15, 40JJ. Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 150 [111. Fl. 2: 24]; Stdlaria crassifolia Ehrh. Hannov. Mag. 8: 116 [Syn. Fl. i' : 235 ; Man. R. M. 34]. Mountain sides in wet places, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., id>g6, Flodman, ^ji; Fort Logan, 1882, Canby. * Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schl.) Holz. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 216; Stdlaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea, i : 51 [Syn. Fl. i^: 236]. Stems numerous and weak, glabrous ; leaves ovate, commonly crisped on the edge ; sepals lanceolate, longer than the acute capsule. In wet places, on mountain sides, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, iSg6, F^lodiiiaii, ^jo; Bridger Mts.> June 14, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy^ 4014; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 401 J ; Belt Mts., 1886, R. S. Williams, 4^0; Marysville, Mrs. Muth. * Alsine calycantha (Ledeb.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 244 : Arenaria calycantha Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5 : 534 ; Stdlaria calycantha Bong. Veg. Sitch. 127 [Syn. Fl. i: 236]. Like the last, but more or less puberulent and with a subglobose obtuse pod. On mountain sides in wet places, at an altitude of 2000- 3000 m. Montana: Bozeman Caiion, iSg$y Rydberg, 2641; Long and Yogo Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 432. * Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 569; Stdlaria obtusa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7:5. Resembling the two preceding ; glabrous, with obtuse pod and sepals. In wet places in the mountains. Montana: Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson, 3-7. 146 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Cerastium longipedunculatum ]\Iulil. Cat. 46 [Hi. Fl. 2 : 26] ; Ce- rastiuin nutans Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36 [Syn. Fl. i' : 230 ; Man. R. M. 33; Bot. Cal. i: 66]. In lowlands, up to an altitude of 2200 m. Montana: Elk Mts., 1896, Flodman, 4.22: Forks of the Madi- son, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey^ 4013 ; Spanish Basin, Juh' i, /J-016: West Gallatin, 1883, Scribncr^ i2e. * Cerastium brachypodum Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29 : 277 [Syn. Fl. i': 229; 111. Fl. 2: 26]. Like the preceding, but smaller and with the pedicels shorter and not hooked. Rare. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, 2y8. * Cerastium elongatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 321. This species has been lost for over eighty years. When the larger part of the Lewis collection was discovered a few years ago in the possession of the American Pliilosophical Society at Philadelphia, the type of this species was found therein : this collection is now deposited with the Acadeni}- of Natural Sciences, w^here I have had the privilege of seeing it. The plant differs from C. arvcnse in the dense glandular-pubescence of the stem and especially of the in- florescence and calyx, and in the elongated raceme or panicle-like cyme with its nearly erect branches. It grows on hillsides, at an altitude of about 2000 m. The following specimens belong here : Montana : Spanish Basin, 1897, Rxdhcrg d'- Bcsscy, 401 y : Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 426%. Cerastium arvense L. Sp. PI. 438 [Syn. Fl. i' : 230: Man. R. M. 33; 111. Fl. 2: 27; Bot. Cal. i: 67]. Common in the valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman^ 4-4- Little Belt Mts., 42J ; Spanish Basin, June 28 and 30, 1897, Rydbcrgd' Bcsscy, 401S ; Bridger Mts., June 11-18, 4021 and 4022 ; Melrose, 1895, Rydbcrg; 263 J ; Bozeman, 26jg; Great Falls, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, J2; Basin, 1892, F. D. Kclscy ; Missoula Co., Mrs. J. J. Kennedy; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazv : Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribncr, 12: Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1884, F. Tweedy, 2pj : 1882, Afiss Jl/ary ComJ>ton; Yellowstone Lake, 187 1, Hay den. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I47 *Cerastium arvense strictum (L.) ; Cerasthmi strictum L. Sp. PI. 439 ; C. arvcnsc latifoUiun Fenzl ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i: 412 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 230] ; not Cerasiium latifolinm L. Plant low, more pubescent; leaves short, 12-16 mm. long. Com- mon in the alpine regions, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, iS()6, Fhdnian, ^2j ; Little Belt Mts., ^26; Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydherg & Bcsscy, zfoig and 4024.; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 4.026; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 402J ; Lima, 1895, Rydberg; 2638; Madison Co., 1888, Tzueedy, 143 ; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 41. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzi^cedy, 2g4; 1883, Miss Mary Compton. * Cerastium arvense Fuegianum Hook, f . ; A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exp. 119 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 231 ; Britt. & Holl. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 14: 50]. Low ; leaves thick, small and imbricated ; flowers solitary or in 2-3-flovvered cymes. On geyser formations and on dr}^ mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Yellowstone Park : Lower Geyser Basin, 1879, J. Af. Coulter ; Electric Peak, Aug. 16, iSg'j, Rydberg d- Bessey, 402^ and 40J0; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 402J. Cerastium alpinum L. Sp. PI. 438 [Syn. Fl. i' : 231 ; Man. R. M. 33; 111. Fl. 2: 27]. On exposed mountain tops, among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Mountains near Indian Creek, July 22, Rydberg d- Bessey, 40J1 ; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 40. Cerastium Behringianum Cham. & Schl. Linnaea, i : 62 : Cerastium al-pimim var. Beeringianum Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 35 : 316 [Syn. Fl. i^ 231 ; Man. R. M. 33]. Evidently a good species and nearer related to C. arvense than to C. alpinum, although the sepals are more like those of the latter. Among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7 and 9, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 402J and 4028. Sagina saginoides (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 151 [HI. Fl. 2: 30]. Spergula saginoides L. Sp. PI. 441 : Sagina Linnaei Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 : 14 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 249 ; Man. R. M. 36 ; Bot. Cal. i : 70] • I4S MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Hillsides and mountain sides, in damp places, at an altitude of 2500- 3000 m. Montana: Long Bald}^ Little Belt Mts., 1896, jFIodinan, 446; Sweet Grass Caiion,^^/; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 40J4; Yogo, 1888, 7?. S. Williams^ ^.gj. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Rxdhcrg- & Bessey^ 4-037 j East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 403^ and 40J6 ; Swan Lake, 1885, Tzuccdy, j6j ; Mud Springs, i^"]!. Hay den. Arenaria subcongesta (Wats.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24 : 244 ; Arenaria Fendlcri var. stibcongestaV^ais. Bot. King's Exp. 5 : 40 ; A. congesta var. subcongesta Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 69 [Syn. Fl. i' : 241 ; Man. R. M. 35 ; Bot. Cal. i: 69]. Common on hillsides, mountains and in dryer valleys, at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, iSg6, Rlodnian, 4J 4 ?ir\d 4j6 ; Little Belt Pass, 433; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 40^j ; Bridger Mts., June 14, 40J4; Park Co., 1889, Tweedy, 1887, 48; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Helen Dohnan; Madison Co., 1888, Tzceedy, 141 ; Belt Mts., 1891, R. S. Williams, 41 ; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner, I2b.^ Yellowstone Park : 1884,7^. Tweedy, 2S6; 1885, 7'^5 ^ 1883, Miss Mary Compton; Hot Sulphur Springs, 1871, Hay den. * Arenaria subcongesta lithophila. More delicate ; cyme few-flowered ; leaves shorter and more seta- ceous. This bears the same relation to A. subcongesta as the var. jiardi- folia does to A. capillaris, and has been mistaken for that variety. It grows in crevices of rocks and in shallow dry soil on the moun- tain tops, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian, 437; Elk Mts., 434; Little Belt Mts., 438; Bridger Mts., June 11, 1897, Rydberg & Bes- sey, 4033; Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 2642; Grasshopper Creek,. 1888, Tzueedy, 142; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 32. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4036. Arenaria capillaris Poir. ; Lam. Enc. 6: 380 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 240]. Distinguished from the variety in being larger and glabrous and having straight leaves. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 48; Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Watson. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I49 Arenaria capillaris nardifolia (Ledeb.) Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 35 : 247 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 240 ; Man. R. M. 35] : Arenaria nardifolia Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 2 : 106. Rare among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. It differs from the variet3^of the preceding species in the bracts, which are not scarious. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 40jy. Arenaria Hookeri Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 178 [ Syn. Fl. i^ : 242 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 32] ; Arenaria FranMinii minor Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 326 [Man. R. M. 35]. Dry hills and plains ; it may reach an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Cottonwood Creek, iS(^6, Flodnum, 4jg; Livingston, 1889, F. Tzveedy ; Surprise Creek, 1888, 7?. .5'. Williams^ 760; Shields River, 1883, Scribner, 12 bis. * Arenaria tenella Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A. i : 179 [Syn. Fl. i^: 244]. Stem very slender, i dm. high or less ; leaves attenuate from a con- nate strongly ribbed base to a filiform apex ; sepals acuminate and 3- ribbed. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Miss Mary Compton. Arenaria verna equicaulis A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26 : 2^2 '■> Arenaria verna var. hirta Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 41 [Syn. Fl. i^ 246; Man. R. M. 35] ; not A. hirta Wormsk. In crevices of rocks, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana : Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian, 442; Little Belt Pass, 440 ?ind 440a ; Bridger Mts., June 12 and 15, 1897; Rydberg & Bessey, 4048 and 40 jo; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams^ 722 ; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 12; Grasshopper Canon, 1880, Watson; Sweet Grass Canon, 1895, Flodman, 441; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 404Q and 40^1- Yellowstone Park: Mt. Norris, 1885, Tzveedy, 767. * Arenaria Rossii Richards.; Frankl. ist Journ. 738 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 246]. Resembling the last, but glabrous and closely tufted ; leaves fleshy, 3-edged ; sepals less attenuate, slightly fleshy and more indistinctly ribbed. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy, 2go; Soda Butte, 1885, 166. Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 43. 150 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Arenaria Nuttallii Pax, Engl. Jahrb. 18: 30 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 246]; Areiiaria pimgrns Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. K. 1 : 179 [Man. M. 36 ; Bot. Cal. I : 69] : not Michx. Among rocks, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 11 and 15, 1897, Rydbcrg ti- Bes- sey, 40^^ and 4.046; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 404-/ ; East Boulder Plateau, 1887, Tzveedy, 4^; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzucedv, 144; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 42 ; Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr, 12a. Yellowstone Park: Mt. Norris, 1885, Tzt'eedy, y68. Arenaria Sajanensis Willd. ; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 7: 200 [Syn. Fl. i' : 246] ; Arenaria obtusa Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lye. 2: 170; A. bijlora var. obtusa Wats. Bibl. Ind. 95 [Man. R. M. Common on the tops of the mountains, among rocks and gravel, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: Little Belt Mts., iSgG, J^lodman, 444 ?ind 44 j ; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7 and 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 40jg, 4040 and 40^2; East Boulder Plateau, 1887, Tweedy, 46; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 12: Cutbank Creek, 1S83, Canby, 4j. * Arenaria Sajanensis rigidula (Fenzl) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 305 [Syn. Fl. i' : 247] ; Alsinc bifJora var. rigidula Fenzl; Ledeb. Fl. Ross i : 355. More tufted and flowering stems short ; leaves erect, firm and closely imbricated. With the species. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian, 44J ', Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, j^S: Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch: Old Hollow- top, Jul}' 7, Rydberg & Besscy, 4041 ; Ft. Ellis to Yellowstone, 1871, Hay den . Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzucedy, 2SS ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rvdberg & Bessey, 4044. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg ct- Besscy, 4043. Arenaria Sajanensis carnosula (Fenzl) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29 : 305 ; Alsinc biflora carnosula Fenzl ; Ledebour, Fl. Ross. I : 355 ; Arenaria bijlora carnosula Wats. Bibl. Ind. 94 [Man. R. M. 36]. Montana: East Boulder Plateau, 1S87, Tn'ccdy, 4"/ ; Wisconsin Creek, 1892, H. M, Fitch. Yellowstone Park: Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, 7. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 151 Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. table, p. i8 [111. Fl. 2: 35] ; Arcnaria laierijiora L. Sp. PI. 423 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 238; Man. R. M. -^^e^. Among bushes and on hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 10, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4.038; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Miith ; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Jefferson River, 1883, Scribner, 12: Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tweedy, ySg. *Tissa rubra perennans (Kindb.) Greene, Pittonia, 2: 229: Lcj[>i- gonuin riihyuiii fcrennans Kindb. Monog. 40 ; Spcrgularia fcrcnnans Robinson ; Gray, Svn. Fl. i^ : 250. A somewhat fleshy plant, with narrowly linear leaves, large lanceolate scarious silvery stipules and small reddish flowers. In gravelh' soil. Montana: Granite, 1S92, F. D. Kelsey. ILLECEBRACEAE. Paronychia sessiliflora Xutt. Gen. i : 160 [Man. R. M. 303 ; 111. Fl. 2: 39]. On dry hills, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Hazard ; Madison River, 1886, F. Tweedy, loSi ; Great Falls, 1891, F. S. Williams, 282; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Fweedy, 140: Fort Logan, 1882, Canby ; 1883, Scribner, 221. NYMPHAEACEAE. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15: 84 ; Xnphar polysepaluni Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2 : 282 [Man. R. M. 13; Syn. Fl. i^ : 77: Bot. Cal. i: 17]. Growing in ponds and still pools in the rivers, up to an altitude of a little over 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Fydberg d- Bessey, 40jg; Forks of the Madison, July 27, 4038; Rimini, 1887, F. D. Kelsey. Yellowstone Park : Headwaters of Gibbon River and Yellow- stone Lake, 1884, F. Tzceedy, 28. Nymphaea advena Ait. Hort. Kew 2 : 226 [111. Fl. 2 : 42] ; Xiiphar advena Xk. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 3: 295 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 77; Man. R. M. 12]. 152 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. This is much rarer in the region than the preceding : I have seen only one specimen that could be referred to it. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, 7?. S. WiUiams, S6g. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 992 [111. Fl. 2 : 46 ; Man. R. M. 328: Bot. Cal. 2: 78]. In running water, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Broad Creek, 1885, Tivccdy, ^oj. RANUNCULACEAE. Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. i : 310 [Syn. Fl. i' : 40: Man. R. M. 6; Bot. Cal. i: 9]. In swamps, at altitudes of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzuccdy, 18S: Deer Lodge Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; Granite, 1892, F. D. Kchcy ; Head of Still- water, 1897, P. Koch, y6. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 18S5, Tzvecdy, gii : 1892, Brandco-ce; Upper Falls, 187 1, Haydcu. Trollius albiflorus (Gray) : Troll Ins laxus alhijiorus Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 24^ [Man. R. M. 9]. This Rocky Mountain plant, as far as I can ascertain, has always white flowers, and broader sepals and broader lobes to the leaves than T. laxus. Although 'these characters seem unimportant, I am fully of the opinion that T. albiflorus is distinct from its Eastern relative. The pure white and broader sepals are not confined to the low plants near the snow banks, but are also found on those growing in swamp}^ places in the valleys. It occurs at an altitude of 2000-3500 m. Montana : Deer Lodge, 1889, F. IV. Trafhagcn ; Old Hollow- top, Pony Mountains, July 7, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bcsscy, 4060; Spanish Peaks, 1895, Flodman, 4^0; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, 181 ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; Belt Park, 1886, F. S. Wil- liams, 487; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 43; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scribner, J. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas. If. Hall: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1896, Rydbcrg d- Bcsscy, 4061; 1885, Tivcedy, 8gj : 1883, Miss Mary Conipton: iSg6, J. F. Kemp. *Coptis occidentalis (Nutt. ) Torr. ik Gray, Fl. N. A. i : 28 [Syn. Fl. i^: 41 ; Bot. Cal. 2 : 427] ; Chrysocoptis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 8. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 153 A small plant having 3-foliolale leaves with long-petiolate rounded 3-lobed leaflets, small greenish or greenish white flowers, and stipi- tate carpels. It is a rare plant within the region. Montana: (Western), 1882, Tzvcedy. Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Enum. 561 [111. Fl. 2: 55] ; Actaca sp'- cata rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 221 [Syn. Fl. l' : 55 ; Man. R. M. 12]. The eastern plant has cherr3^-red ellipsoid berries, which are about 10-12 mm. long and 6 mm. in diameter, containing 8-12 seeds. The leaflets are narrower than in the western plants and less in- cised. The only specimen I have seen from Montana which could be referred to A. rubra is the following : Montana: Belt Mts., 1885, F. W. Anderson, 18. Actaea arguta Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i : 35 ; Actaca sficata argiita Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 : 63 [Syn. Fl. i' : 55 ; Man. R. M. II ; 111. Fl. 2 : 55 ; Bot. Cal. i : 12].' Under this two different forms have been included : one with nearly spherical small red berries, 5-7 mm. long, and seeds about 3 mm. long ; the other with white, ellipsoid berries, nearly twice as large as those of the other form. Nuttall describes the berries of A. arguta as being small, spherical and red. The two grow^ in the same region and often together, and are very hard to distinguish when in flow^er, but are readily separated when in fruit. A. arguta grows in open woods at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., i8g6, F/odj//an, 4^g; Meadow Creek, 1886, Tzvcedv, 106^; Missoula Co., Mrs. Kennedy ; Bozeman, 1892 : W. T. Skazu; Helena, 1886, F. D. Kelsey ; Anaconda, 1891, Prof. Merritt; Emigrant Gulch, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.063a. *Actaea eburnea. Perennial, with a rather thick knotted rootstock ; stem stout, 6-10 dm. high, with large membranaceous, rounded-obtuse sheaths at the base, glabrate or the upper portion villous-puberulent ; leaves ternate or the lower twuce ternate, the divisions pinnate ; leaflets broadly ovate, often 3-5-lobed, incised and sharply serrate, acuminate ; raceme ovoid, in fruit elongated; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long; pedicels 0.5-1 cm. long, in fruit 1-2 cm., mostly ascend- ing ; sepals orbicular, early deciduous ; petals narrowly rhombic- spatulate, acute, 3-4 mm. long ; filaments 4-5 mm. long ; fruit white, ellipsoid, 9-12 mm. long and about 6 mm. in diameter, about 12- seeded ; seeds obliquely pear-shaped, triangular, with a rounded back, about 4 mm. long. I54 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In the size and form of the fruit and the form of the petals it re- sembles closely A. rubra, but the berries are perfectly white, the plant taller, the leaflets broader and more acuminate and the teeth are sharper. In general habit it more resembles^-!, argnta, from which it differs in the color and the size of the fruit and somewhat also in the form of the petals. It grows in rich w^oods, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana : Bridger Mountains, June 18, 1897, Rydbcrgd- Bcssey, ^062: Emigrant Gulch, August 23, 4063; Anaconda, 1891, Prof. Merritt; Jefferson City, 1883, Scrihncr, 8a; Bridger Canon, 1896, Flodnian, 4-/-S. Aquilegia Jonesii Parr^-, Am. Xat. 8: 211 [Syn. Fl. i' : 43: Man. R. M. 10]. A small plant growing among exposed rocks, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Little Belt Pass, Aug. 10, 1896, Flodman, 4J1; East Boulder River, 1889, F. Tzveedy ; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, yd-/.: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Catiby, ij. Aquilegia flavescens Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5: 10 [Syn. Fl. i' : 43 ; ?vlan. R. M. 10] : Aquilegia Canadensis hybrida Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 24 ; not A. hybrida Sims. Rather common in woods, at altitudes of 2000-3000 m. Montana : Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzccedy, i^y ; Bear Gulch, Park Co., 1887, i8g; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, ^jj and 4^4; Madison Mountains, near Indian Creek, July 21, Rydberg & Bessey, 4o6g: Jack Creek Caiion, July 15, 406S ; Bridger Mts., June 11 and 17, 4066 and 4o6y; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2646: Gallatin Co., 3frs. Hodgeman ; Missoula Co., Mrs. Kennedy; Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, 68 j ; Wisconsin Creek, 1892, Mrs. Filch; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 14; Bozeman, 14; Belt Mts., Scribner, 6. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Txveedy, 300; 1883, Miss Mary Compton; Hot Sulphur Springs, 187 1, Hayden; 1873, C. C. Parry, 2. * Aquilegia leptocera Xutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7:9: Aquilegia coeru- lea albijlora Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 44. Perhaps scarcely more than a variety of A. cocriilea, but is re- garded as a distinct species by several recent botanists : it differs from A. coerulea mainly in its white flowers, which are occasionally slightly tinged with blue. It grows on mountain sides at altitudes of 2500-3000 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 155 Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2644; Beaver Head Co., Sweetwater Basin, 1888, Tzueedy, 14S; Bear Gulch, 1887, /po,- Terminus, 1880, Watson. Aquilegia formosa Fischer ; DC. Prod, i : 50 [Syn. Fl. i' : 44 : Man. R. M. 10]. Next to A. jlavescens this is the most common columbine in Mon- tana, growing in woods at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydherg 264^ ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 4^2; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 40J0. Delphinium scopulorum Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 9 [Syn. Fl. i' : 11 ; Man. R. M. 11 ; Bot. Cal. 2: 428]. The t3^pical D. scopulortiui is a more southern plant, growing from New Mexico and Arizona to Utah and Nevada. I refer the follow- ing specimens to it doubtfully ; they have the deeply dissected leaves of D. scofiiloruin but are taller and more strict, approaching the next species in habit : Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 264-/. ( ?) ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzvecdy, 14s (?). * Delphinium glaucum Wats. Bot. Cal. 2 : 427 ; Delphinium scopu- lonini oJaiienni Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 47. Nearest related to D. scopuloriiin, but much taller, often 1-2 m. high ; its leaves are larger, glaucous-green, less dissected and with broad segments. It is the most common species in Montana, grow- ing in rich soil, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. ; it is poisonous to cattle and together w'ith D. bicolor has caused considerable loss to cattlemen. Montana: Bozeman, 1889, J//'5. y4A/£';'5(>;/; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, 4jj ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2648; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, 1S4; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 8. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzueedy, jo6. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1896, Rydberg (£■ Bessey, 40JC). * Delphinium glaucescens. Stems from a thick perennial caudex, 3-5 dm. high, somewhat angled, finely pubescent especially above, or in age glabrate, more or less glaucous; leaves rather firm, finely puberulent, more or less glaucous, orbicular in outline, divided to near the base into 5-8 cuneate divisions, these generally deeply 3-clef t ; raceme simple, rather short ; lower bracts linear, about 2 cm. long and exceeding the flow- ers, the upper subulate ; pedicels and flow^ers densely and finely 156 aiEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. pilose ; flowers dark blue, sometimes variegated with white, some- what nodding on the spreading pedicels ; spur straight, about i cm. long, equalling and in a straight line with the lower sepals : upper petals 3^ellowish white, tipped and tinged with blue ; ovaries densely hairy; fruit not seen. The plant resembles a small D. glauami, especially in the form of the leaves. It differs in the shorter and more pilose inflorescence, the darker flowers, the lower and more tufted habit of the plant, and the densely hairy ovaries. D. glaucitDi grows in rich soil in meadows or open woodlands, while this species is found among rocks at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, August 18, 1897, Rydbei'g & Bcssey^ 4oy8 (type). Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, Rydbo-g d: Bcsscy, 4oyy. * Delphinium glaucescens multicaule. Stems several from a much branched caudex or rootstock, about 2 dm. high, almost glabrous, striate and man3'-leaved below : leaves round in outline, divided to the base into 5-7 divisions, these gener- ally^ twice cleft into linear lobes, which are usually diverging and somewhat curved ; raceme simple, about 5 cm. long ; bracts linear- subulate ; spreading pedicels and the flowers finely glandular pilose ; flowers very dark blue ; spur stout, scarceh' i cm. long, generally hooked at the end, or with a small more or less curved projection ; ovaries finely pubescent. It closely resembles the species, but is much more bushv and less pubescent : the segments of the leaves longer and much narrower ; the flowers smaller and the spur generally curved. It grows in rock- slides, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1S97, Rydbcrg ct- Bcsscy, 4.071. Delphinium bicoloi Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7 : 10 [Syn. Fl. i' : 48 ; Man. R. M. 11]. The typical D. bicolor is rather glabrate, as described by Gray and Coulter, but it frequentl}'' grades into the following variety. It grows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodniau, 4j6 : Spanish Basin, 4j7: Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzi'cedx, iSj ; Flat Head River, .V/z/Za//; H^V'^//^; Spanish Basin, June 26, i8gj, Rvdbe?'g (£• Bcsscv, ^oyda ; Bridger Mountains, June 12, 4074: June 1^,4072: Custer Co., 1892, 3frs. Light; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Caiiby, ij. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 157 Yellowstone Park : Mammouth Hot Springs, 1885, Tweedy, 8q7; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. *Delphinium bicolor Montanense. Glandular-pilose throughout ; leaves thicker. Montana : Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzc'eedy, JJ ; Hell Gate, Jo/iu Pearsall, 8ji ; Bozeman, 892, W. T. Skazc; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Butte, 1896, /. F. Kemp; Spanish Basin, June 26, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4076; Bridger Mts.,June 14, ^o/j ; June 12,^077; Indian Creek, July 22, ^075. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dezvart. Delphinium Menziesii DC. Syst. i : 355 [Syn. Fl. i' : 50 ; Man. R. M. 11]. Exceedingly like the preceding, and I strongly doubt its being really distinct. The onh' feature that seems to distinguish it, especially from the variety, is the cluster of more or less tuberous roots, while D. bicolor has a stout many-branched perennial root or stock. D. Menziesii is a rarer plant, confined to the higher mountains, at an altitude of 2500 m. or more. Montana : Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 264^; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzueedy, Jja; Boulder River, Jefferson Co., 22; Grafton, 1892, R. S. Williams, 2; Shields River, 1883, Scribuer, ja; Bannock, 1880, Watson; Grasshopper Valley, Watson. * Delphinium simplex Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 25 [Syn. Fl. I^ : 49 ; Bot. Cal. I : 10]. It somewhat resembles the two preceding, but is taller, often i m. high, strict, and with a spiciform long virgate raceme. It is a rather rare plant. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzveedy, 34. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy, 8g6 (?). Aconitum Columbianum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 34 [Syn. Fl. i^: 52; Man. R. M. 11]; Aconitum Fisheri Wats. Bot. Cal. I : 12 ; not Reich. In moist ground, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Lo Lo Creek, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Buisquit Geyser Basin, Aug. 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 40S0; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 4081; 1884, Tzveedy; 1890,. F. D. Kelsey; Yellowstone Lake, 1871, Hay den. 158 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Anemone parviflora Michx. Fl, Bor. Am. i: 319 [S^-n. Fl. i' : 10; Man. R. M. 4 : 111. Fl. 2 : 62] . On the tops of the higher mountains at an altitude of 2500- 3200 m. Montana: Park Co., 18S9, F. Tz-ccdy : Little Belt ^^Its., 1896, Flodnian^ ^j8 : Bozeman, 1887, F. Tzcccdy, iSj: Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williains, 6S4; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, j. * Anemone Tetonensis Porter, Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 224 [Syn. Fl. i': 10]. It is nearest related to the next and A. Hudsoniaua, hut differs in the smaller and deep purple flowers, and the less pubescent leaves with blunter lobes. Amonf^ rocks on the mountain sides, at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, ^61 : Little Belt Mts., 4jg; Spanish Peaks, 460; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1891, Rydberg & Besscy, 40SJ ; Cedar Mts., July 16, 40S2. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, near Henry's Lake, July 29, 1897, Rydberg- & Bessey^ 4084. Anemone globosa Nutt. : Pritzel, Linnaea, 15 : 673 : Anemone niiilti- fida globosa Pritzel, 1. c. ; Anemone mtiltifda Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. I : 4 [Man. R. M. 4] ; not Poir. Anemone nnill/pda Poir. is a South American species, growing in Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, differing from its North American allies in the coarse hirsute pubescence. In the United States it is represented bv two distinct forms, one northeastern, A. Hudsoniana Richardson, and one from the Rocky Mountains, A. globosa. The former has the small flowers of A. mulfijida and A. Tetonensis, dif- fering from mnltipda mainly in the pubescence and from the latter in the very narrow segments of the leaves. A. globosa differs from all three in the large flowers, the sepals being often i cm. long or more. The segments of the leaves are much broader than in A. Hudsoniana and the pubescence looser, being often quite long silk}'- villous. The type represents a specimen with a single long-pedun- cled flower and less hairy leaves ; the same form is also represented by Rydberg c(r Ressev, 40SJ and 40S6 : this form can not, how- ever, be separated from the common one with several peduncles. A. globosa varies in color from greenish or ^-ellowish white to dark purplish red. It grows in valleys, at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; Little Belt Mts., 1-896, MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 159 Flodman, 463: Bridger Mts., 462'. Spanish Basin, ^64; Cedar Mountain, Juh^ 16, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bcssey, 4087 and 40Q2y,; Bridger Mts., June 11, 4088, 408^, 40^0 and 40^2; Jack Creek, July 14 and 15, 408 J and 4086; Bozeman, 1882, Tweedy; Madison Co., Mrs. Flora McNulty ; Gallatin Co.,yl/r5. Alderson; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey: West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner, ic; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 6; Shinberger's Canon, 1880, Watson; Hell Gate, lVatso)i . Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dczvart; 1884, Tzuecdy, J04; 1885, c^pp. Anemone cylindrica Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 221 [Man. R. M. 4; Syn. Fl. i': 10; 111. Fl. 2: 6^']. On creek banks and in open woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: North Mill Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 186; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgeman ; Alhambra, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Bitter Root Val- ley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1893, Miss Mary Conifton. * Pulsatilla occidentalis (Wats.) Frej-n, Deutsche Bot. Monatschr. 8 : 78 ; Anemone occidentalis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 121 [Bot. Cal. 1:3]. Characterized by its petioled bracts and its thin white or purplish spreading sepals. Rare in Montana. Montana: Upper Marias Pass, Canby, 4. Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 6: 217 [111. Fl. 2: 67] ; Clematis liirsiitissima Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 385 ; Anemone Xiittalliana DC. Syst. i : 193 ; Anemone fatens Mittalliana Gray, Man. Ed. 5, t,6 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 9 ; Man. R. M. 3]. Common on hills, at an altitude of 1000-3000 m. Montana: Dear Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen ; Madison Co., 1888, Tweedy, 146; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 40^4; Indian Creek, July 21, /opj ,• Bridger Mts., June 17, -/opj,- Bozeman, 1882, Tzuecdy ; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 1063; Hell Gate, John Pearsall, 837: Gallatin Co., Miss Carrie Shipman; Butte, 1896,/. F. Kemp; Helena, 1892, /^. D. Kelsey; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribner, ib. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Tzveedy, goo; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dewart. i6o me:moirs of the xe\v york botanical garden. Clematis ligusticifolia Xutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. i\m. i : 9 [Syn. Fl. i' : 4 ; Man. R. M. 3 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 68 ; Bot. Cal. 1:3]. This species belongs to the canons of the great plains and "bad lands," but ascends in the mountains to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1886, Tzccedy, lojg: Crow Creek, 1894, E. Douglass; Salesville and West Gallatin, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Muth ; Helena, F. D. Kelsey ; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scribncr, i: jNIissoula, 1880, Watson. Clematis Douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: i [Syn. Fl. i^ : 8 ; Man. R. M. 3]. Common in open woods throughout the mountain regions up to an altitude of almost 3000 m. Montana : Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr, la; Helena, 1895, Rydbergy 26ji ; Bridger Mountains, June 12-18, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, ^opd and ^100; Jack Creek Canon, July 14, 401 ; Old Hollow^top, Pony Mts., July 7, ^ogS ; Elk Mts., 1895, Flodman^ ^66 ; Bozeman Pass, 1882, 7^. Tzvecdy; Hell Gate, John Pcarsall, S76; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Muth; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazo \ Belt Mts., 1891,7?. S. Williams, iii: Clear Water Creek, 1883, Canby,j. Yellowstone Park : Obscidian Cliffs, 1888, 7?^. Chas. H. Hall (together with a form with narrowly linear lobes): 1885, Tzceedy, Sg2 : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dezvart. Idaho: Beaver Canon, iS()$, Fydberg, 26J0; Henry's Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 70pp. Clematis Scottii Porter : Porter & Coulter, Syn. Fl. Colo. ; Clematis Vouglasii Scottii Coult. Man. Bot. Rocky .Mts. 3 [Syn. Fl. i' : 8 ; 111. Fl. 2: 70]. Rare in Montana, growing on hillsides at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, i8g6, Flodman, 46^: Bozeman, 1883, Canby, 2. Atragene Columbiana (Torr. & Gray) Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 7: 7; C7f;;/a//5 C^/«w/;m;/r/ Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.i : 11; Clem- atis verticilaris Columbiana Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 8; Clematis vcr- ticilaris Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 3 [Man. R. M. 3, as to the Rocky MountE^in plants] ; not DC. Common in the woods, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4104; Bridger Mts., June 15 and MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. l6l i8, ^io2 and 4103; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg; ^djj ; Bozeman, 1885, Tzvccdy; Deer Lodge, 1892, W.' T. Shazu ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson; Bozeman, 1883, ^Vr/Z*- iier^ A. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzucedy, Sgj; 1889, F. IV. Dczvart. Atragene occidentalis Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1813 : 520; Clematis alfina occidcntalis Gray, in Powell, Geol. Surv. Rep. Dakota, 531 [Syn. Fl. i' : 8 ; Man. R. M. 3]. Among rocks. Only one specimen seen from the region. Montana: Helena, 1882, Tzoccdy. * Atragene tenuiloba (Gray) Britton, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 106; Clematis alpi)ia var. occidentalis subvar. tenuiloba Gray, in Powell, Geol. Surv. Rep. Dakota, 531 ; var. tenuiloba Gray Syn. Fl. i^: 9. Like the last, but the leaflets dissected into narrow divisions ; achenes hair^^ It grows among rocks, at an altitude of 2000- 3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Pass, 1895, Flodman., 26-/; Helena, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2632; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Math; Helena, 1892, F. D. Kclscy. Myosurus minimus L. Sp. PI. 284 [Syn. Fl. i' : 19; Man. R. M. 5; 111. Fl. 2: 71; Bot. Cal. 1:5]. In dried pools and muddy places. Rare in the region, but com- mon further east and south. It is sometimes rather hard to distin- guish it from the following. Montana : Silver Bow Co., 3f7-s. Moore. * Myosurus lepturus (Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. i: 12; My- ositrus apetaliis lef turns Gray, Bull. Torr. Bdt. Club, 13 : 2 [Syn. Fl. i': 19]. Differs from the preceding in the oblong achenes and elongated oblong seed. In M. minimtisihe. achenes are more or less rhomboid on the back and the seeds are oval. Similar situations as the pre- ceding, but more common. Montana : Jack Creek Canon, July 16, 1896, Rydberg & Bessey, 4103; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams 682. Yellowstone Park : East Fork, 1885, Txueedy, gi2. * Trautvetteria grandis Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 37 [Syn. Fl. i': 18; Bot. Cal. 2: 425] ; Actaea grandis Dietr. Syn. 3: 233. l62 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. A plant 5-10 dm. high, with palmately divided leaves 1-3 dm. in diameter,less reticulated than in its eastern congener, T. Caroliucnsis (F. & M.) Vail. It is common on the Pacific Slope, but rare within the region. Yellowstone Park : Lewis Lake, 1884, Tzcccdy, J02. * Ranunculus Purshii Richards, in Frankl. ist Journ. Ed. 2, App. 751 (Reprint 23) [Syn. Fl. i' : 24; 111. Fl. 2: 73]. Resembles 7?. viuJtiJidns^ but the leaves are smaller and with broader divisions, the achenes are without a turgid thickening at the base and the style is more slender and longer. It grows in pools and slow-running streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. ; it is often more or less hairy on the flaccid stem. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydbcrg, 26^4; Bozeman, 1896, Flodman, 468 ; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1896, Rydherg & Bessey, 4106; Bozeman, 1887, Tiveedy^ ^97'^ Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Belt River, 1888, R. S. Williams, 766; Little Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scribncr, j. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tzi'ecdy, go8. * Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottboell, Act. Hafn. 10: 458 [Syn. Fl. i': 25; 111. Fl. 2: 74]. Resembles somewhat R. nutans^ but is much smaller and grows in wet soil, not in the water. Its leaves are only 4-10 mm. in diam- eter and the petals about 2 mm. long. It is found only at an alti- tude of about 3000 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4iog; Anaconda, 1892, F. D. Kelsey. Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. PL 549 [111. Fl. 2: 75] ; Rannncidus fammula reptans E. Meyer, PI. Lab. 96 [Syn. Fl. i' : 27 ; Man. R. M. 6; Bot. Cal. 1:7]. Muddy or sandy shores of lakes and rivers, up to altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sun River, 1887, R. S. ]Villia»is, 68j. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydherg d- Bessey y 4107 ; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 4108 ; 1885, Tzveedy^ J 02. Ranunculus pygmaeus Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 157 [Syn. Fl. i' : 29 ; Man. R. M. 7]. In damp places on alpine peaks. Montana: Stillwater, 1887, Tweedy, igg. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 163 * Ranunculus alismellus (Gray) Greene, Fl. Fran. 297 ; Ranunculus alisinacfoliiis alismellus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 327 [Syn. Fl. i^: 27; Bot. Cal. 1:6]. Like 7?. alisiiiacfolfus, but more slender ; leaves thin, the lower oblong to ovate ; petals about 6 mm. long. It grows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Granite, 1892, /^. Z>. AW^ey; Big Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas H. Hall. * Ranunculus ellipticus Greene, Pittonia, 2 : iio. Generally less than i dm. high, with elliptic entire basal leaves, deeply cleft stem leaves, globose heads and short styles. It grows at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. It is nearest related to R. giaber- riinus Hook. Montana : Bridger Mts. , June 14, 1897 , Rydbcrg d' Bessey, ^iio ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Tzveedy, 885 ; GaWatm Co. ^ Mrs. Ifodgman d- Mrs. Alderson; 1892, W. T. Shazu ; Helena, 1889, F. D. Kelsey ; Unionville, 1892, F. D. Kelsey; Clendenin, 1881, R. S. Williams., 166 ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribncr, 4.0; Terminus, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzveedy, goy ; Mam- moth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dczvart. Ranunculus digitatus Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3 : 124 [Syn. Fl. 29; Man. R. M. 8]. The roots are fascicled and tuberously thickened. It is a rare plant, growing at an altitude of about 2000 m. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dezvart: Burg-le/mus. * Ranunculus Sabini R. Br. in Parry's ist Voy. Suppl. 264; Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 245. Related to R. fygmaeus, but has larger flowers and hairy sepals. A very rare plant growing at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1895, Flodman, 46^. * Ranunculus Suksdorfii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 371 [Syn. Fl. 1': 30]. Belongs to the same group as R. Eschscholtzii, but has obovate petals which are 8-12 mm. long, subreniform-flabelliform basal leaves which are deeply divided into obcuneate divisions, and a small globular head of glabrous achenes with slender styles. It is an alpine plant growing at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. 164 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Peaks, July 14, 1896, Flodman, 4yi ; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7 and 9, Rydberg & Bcsscy, 411 4; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzt'ccdy, ig2a. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzcecdy, gog. * Ranunculus saxicola. Stems about i dm. long, decumbent or ascending, glabrous. Basal leaves several, with petioles about 5 cm. long, ciliate ; blade rounded or reniform-flabellate, somewhat hairy when 3'oung, pe- dately 3-cleft, the middle lobe narrow, entire or sometimes slightly 3-toothed, the lateral lobes very oblique, on the outside coarsely 3-4-toothed, stem leaves 1-3, subsessile, pedately 3-7-cleft into linear lobes ; peduncle rather long for the size of the plant ; flower 1-2 cm. in diameter ; sepals tinged with brown, about half as long as the petals, very broad, obovate, obtuse, slightly villous-hairy ; petals broadly obovate; head of achenes oblong, 5-10 mm. long; achenes more or less pubescent, tipped with a straight style, of nearly the same length. Nearest related to R. Sitksdorffi^ from which it differs in the oblong head, the pubescent achenes, and a slight difference in the form of the leaves. , It grows among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 41 12 and 4113 ; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzcccdy, ig2. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, August 18, 1897, Rydberg ci- Bessey, 4111 ; 1885, Tzceedy, gog ; Mt. Holmes, 1884, jo/. Ranunculus alpeophilus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26: 350; Ranunculus Eschscholtzii Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 31 in part, not Schl. ; Ranunculus nivalis Eschscholtzii Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5 : 8 [Man. R. M. 7]. It differs from R. Eschscholtzii in being nearly glabrous, in its broader and less divided basal leaves and in the long (3-5 cm.) slen- der lobes of the upper leaves. Rare in this region, growing at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, g; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzueedy, igi. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzveedy, goj. Ranunculus pedatifidus J. E. Smith, Rees' Cyclop, no. 72 [111. Fl. 2: 77] ; R. affinis R. Br. Parry's ist Voy. App. 265 [Syn. Fl. i' : 31 ; Man. R. M. 8, in part]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. l6$ Rare in wet places on the higher mountains, at an altitude of 2500- 3000 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., on Long and Yogo Baldy, 1896, Flodman, 4^0 and 4yoa; 1883, So'ibncr, 4. * Ranunculus inamoenus Greene, Pittonia, 3 : 91 ; Ramincnhis affinis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 371 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 31, mainly as to the Rocky Mountain plant; Man. R. M. 8]. The subarctic and alpine R. affinis R. Br. is a much smaller plant with deeper cleft basal leaves. R. inamoenus grows in rich soil and damp places in the mountain regions, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw, 1892, Tzvecdy, 11 j; Elliston, 1890, R. D. Kelsey ; Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4116; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 4117; Spanish Basin, June 26 and 30, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 41 18 and 411 g; Deer Lodge, 1890, F. D. Kelsey; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, j2o. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. C/ias. H. Hall; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, gio; Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr, 4a. Rununculus cardiophyllus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 14 ; Ranunculus affinis validus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21 : 371 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 31] ; Ranunculus affinis cardiophyllus Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 56 [Man. R. M. 8] ; R.fcdatijidtis cardiophpllus Britt. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 18: 265 [111. Fl. 2: 77]. In the Synoptical Flora this is said to grow in Montana, but no specimens have been seen from the state. It is common in the Black Hills of South Dakota and may be found in the southeastern part of Montana. Ranunculus ovalis Raf. Proc. Dec. 36; Ranunculus rhomboideus Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 329 [Syn. Fl. i^: 31 ; Man. R. M. 7; 111. Fl. 2: 77]. This is a plant of more eastern distribution and rare in Montana, where it has been found up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 4gj . Ranunculus abortivus L. Sp. PI. 551 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 32; Man. R. M. 7; 111. Fl. 2: 78]. This is also rare in Montana, reaching an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Bozeman, 1882, Tzueedy, 114', West Gallatin, Scribner, 4b. l66 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Ranunculus Douglasii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. i : i8, Mar., 1897 ; N. arcuaius Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 310, June, 1897 ; i?. tcncllus Nutt. :T. & G. Fl. i: 23 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 33], not Viviani ; R. Nchoni tencUiis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 374 [Bot. Cal. 1:8]. This and also the next differ from R. occidentalis in the small flowers. The stem is slender and glabrous. It grows in wet meadows, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1896, Rlodnian, 4/4; Spanish Basin, 775,' June 26, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey^ 4120 and 4121 ; Bridger Mts.> June 10-17, 4123, 4123, 4124 and 41 2^; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Canby, 10. * Ranunculus Lyallii (Gray) ; Ranuncidiis occidentalis Lryallii Gr^iy, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 373; R. tenellus Lyallii Robinson, Syn. Fl. i' : 33 : R. Greenei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. i : 18. Very closely related to the preceding and perhaps only a va- riety of it, differing mainly in the stouter hairy stem and broader segments of the leaves ; it grows in similar situations and has about the same range. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, 4/6 ; July i, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, 4128; Bridger Mts., June 18, 4i2y; Bozeman, 1895, Rydbcrg, 26jj ; Lone Mt., 1886, Tzcccdy, 1062; Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson, 12. Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A. i : 22 [Syn. Fl. i' : 33] ; Ranunculus ^Vclsonii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:^374 [Man. R. M. 8]. A low plant, with ascending stems, and large oblong petals almost twice as large as the sepals. Very rare in the region. Montana: Elk Mts., near Black Hawk, 1896, Flodnian, 4yj. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Miss Mary Conipton. * Ranunculus Montanensis. Stem stout, from fascicled fibrous roots, 3-5 dm. high, sparingly silky hirsute. Basal leaves silky hirsute all over, ternate, the di- visions again divided or cleft into linear or lanceolate segments ; the hirsute petioles i dm. or more long; stem leaves similar, but short-petioled ; flowers few and very large ; sepals broadly ovate, silky; petals broadh^ obovate, 7-10 mm. long; head of achenes glo- bose ; styles long, slender, and much curved. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 167 It has been mistaken for R. macrantJms on account of its large flowers, but that species has a straight style. Its style character would associate it with R. occidentalism from whicli it is easily distin- guished by the tall habit, the broad petals, and the long and nar- row divisions of the leaves. In fact the habit is most like that of R. acri/ormis, from which it is distinguished by the larger flowers, the longer and finer hairs and the long and slender, not much flattened, strongly hooked style. Montana: Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kchcy (type) ; Granite, 1892, Kelsey. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272 [Syn. Fl. i' : 35 ; Man. R. M. 8; 111. Fl. 2: 80]. Growing along streams ; never found in the mountain regions proper, but ascends the valleys up to an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1895, Flodman, 478; Boze- man, 1887, Tz^'eedy, i93j Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. T. Siiazu. * Ranunculus Macounii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 12 : 3 [Syn. Fl. i': z^\ 111. Fl. 2: 80]. It much resembles R. Pennsylvanicus, but is generally stouter and lower and with a globose head of achenes which are about 3 mm. long. In R. Pennsylvanicus the head is cylindric and the achenes scarcely 2 mm. long. R. Macounii grows in damp places, ascend- ing into the mountains to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Madison Mts., near Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rxdberg ct- Bessevy ^iji ; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 41 Jo; Spanish Basin, June 28,^/29; iSg6, Flodman, ^80; East Gallatin Swamp, ^jg; Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy, ig^; Helena, 1888, F. D. Kelsey; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canhy. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, Tzveedy, goj. * Ranunculus eremogenes Greene, Erythea, 4: 121. Like R. sceleratus, but leaves more dissected, stem comparatively leafless, herbage light green and flowers larger. In wet places, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1891, P^. D. Kelsey; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 42^ 8a. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzoeedy, goi . l68 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 21 [Svn. Fl. I': 38]. A tall plant somewhat resembling R. macranthiis, but with smaller flowers and a slender straight beak as long as the achene. A rare plant. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzi'eedy. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bossch. Prod. Fl. Bat. 5 [111. Fl. 2: 84]; Ranimciilus trichophylliis Chaix; Vill. Hist. PI. Daupli. I : 335 : Raminculus aqtiatiUs tn'chophyllus Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 40 [Syn. Fl. i' : 21 : Man. R. M. 6, in part; Bot. Cal. i : 5] ; var. stag-natilis Coulter, Man. R. M. 6. In Coulter's manual the leaves are said to collapse when withdrawn from the water, which is seldom the case. B. tn'chophylhiiii seems to be described under the var. stagnaiilis, w^hile the next species is characterized as var. trichofhyllus. Ramincuhis aqtiatilis stagnatilis DC. {R. circinatits Sibth., R, divari'catiis Schrank) has sessile leaves and large flowers and is, as far as I know, not found in Mon- tana. B. trichofhylhim grows in streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, Madison Co., July 27, iSg^], Rydbcrg- d- Besscy, ^ijj ; Bozeman, 1896, Flodman, 4S1; Deer Lodge, J//55 Emma Ware: Helena, 1892, F. D. Kchcy ; Sun River, 1883, Scribucr, 2: Little Belt Mts., 1882, Canby. Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. Fl. Cauc.15; Ranuncuhts liaccidiis Pers. ; Usteri, Ann. Bot. 5'^ : 38 ; Ranunctdiis aquatilis jlaccidiis Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 21 : var. trichophylliis Coulter, Man. R. M. 6. In streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. The stem is genertilly thicker than in the preceding, somewhat fleshy, and the divisions of the leaves very long and flabby. Montana: Jack Creek, July 15, 1:897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4133. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzvcedy, po6 : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, R. W. Dew art. * Batrachium confervoides Fries, Bot. Not. 1845: 121 ; Ranunculus confcrvoidcs Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. I : 139: Ranunculus aqua- tilis confcrvotdcs Gray, S}^!. Fl. i': 21. The whole plant more delicate than the preceding ; flowers very small, about 10 mm. in diameter, with few stamens; leaves filiform MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 169 and flaccid, but not as long as in the preceding. In streams, at an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : Fire Hole River, near Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4134; 1883, Miss Mary Compton. *Batrachium caespitosum (DC.) F. Schultz, Arch. Fl. Fr. & All. I : 71 ; Ranunculus aqiiatilis cacsfitosus DC. Prod. I : 26 [Syn. Fl. i^: 21]. Dwarf; leaves small, orbicular in outline, the segments somewhat fleshy, short and rather broad. Montana: Northern Montana, 1883, Canby, 8. Oxygraphis Cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl ; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam.3-: 63 [111. Fl. 2: 86] ; Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 392 [Syn. Fl. i' : 23 ; Man. R. M. 6 : Bot. Cal. 1:7]. In wet, more or less alkaline soil, up to an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana : Jack Creek Canon, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4132; BridgerMts., June 10, 4i32y2\ Fridley, 1887, Tweedy, ig8 ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 326; Sheridan, 1892, Edith Virden; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Custer Co., 1892, 3frs. Light; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner, 4d. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dezuart. *Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302 [Syn. Fl. i': 16: 111. Fl. 2: 88]. Resembles somewhat T. Fcndleri in habit, but is distinguished by the strong reticulation of the leaves, and by the achenes which are only slightly flattened and have comparatively firm walls. It is a plant of lower altitudes, scarcely reaching 2000 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, iS^6, Flodman, 483; Boze- man, 1895, Rydberg, 263 j. Thalictrum occidentale Gray, Proc. x\m. Acad. 8 : 372 [Syn. Fl. i^: 16; Man. R. M. 5 ; Bot. Cal. i: 4 and 2 : 425]. Common in valleys and open woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 413Q; Spanish Basin, iS^6, Flodman, 482; Little Belt Ui^., 483 ; Bridger Mts., 484; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2636; Gallatin Peak, 1886, F. Tzveedy, 1061; Nobleville, 1892, J/;;5. Noble; Bozeman Creek, 1892, W. T. Shazv; Lewis and Clarke Co., vJ/r^. i^/?^///; 170 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcj-soii ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kclscy ; Boze- man, iSS'T^, So'ibne?', id: Odells, 1880, Watson; Missoula, Watson. * Thalictrum megacarpum Torr. in Frem. Rep. 87 (name); Trelease Proc. Bost. See. Nat. Hist. 23: 303. Resembles most T. occidentale., but the leaves are generally somevvhat smaller and firmer ; the achenes are broader, more flat- tened and oblique as in T. Fendlcri\ but somewhat longer. All specimens referred to T. FcndJeri from Montana and northern Wyo- ming belong here ; T. Fcndleri is easily distinguished by the small leaflets and the short achenes. T. megacarpum grows with the pre- ceding. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 12, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4137; Mountains near Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Fydberg (^^, Rxdbe7'g, 26"/^ ; Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, jOj ; Bridger Mts., June 15, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy y 42J0; Lone Mt., 1886, Tweedy, 1084; Middle Creek, 1887, ^7. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4228^. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Carn. Ed. 2, 2 : 30 [Syn. Fl. i' : 162; Man. R. M. 9; 111. Fl. 2: 149; Bot. Cal. i : 32]. In valleys, on river banks, etc., up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 16, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 421 1 ; Helena, 1887, Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Gardiner, 1885, Tzceedy, jjj ; ]Mammoth Hot Springs, ^j^- Arabis Holboellii Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11 : pi. iSyg [Syn. Fl. i' : 164 ; Man. R. M. 164; 111. Fl. 2: 150; Bot. Cal. i: 33]. Dry hills, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Pony, July 6-8, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 422/ and 4228; Bridger JNIts., June 18,4224; Bozeman, 1882, Tzveedy i Great Falls, 1888, R. S. WiHianis; West Gallatin, 1883, Seribner, 8c. *Arabis Bourgovii ; Ttirritis patula Grab. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829 : 350. 1829 ; Arabis Holboellii (j^ fatiila Wats. ; Gra3% Syn. Fl. i^ : 164. 1895: not yl. ^«/«/rt Weinm. 1810. More slender than the preceding and almost glabrous, with pods broader and less reflexed. Hillsides, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg d Bessey, 4222. ■ MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1 87 *Arabis Columbiana Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 2: 304. Resembles a small form of the preceding, but the pods are divergent, not reflexed, and somewhat curved. A mountain plant, growing at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana : Spanish Peaks, 1895, Flodnian, joo; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7-9, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4.2 1^ and 4216; Cedar Mt., July 16, ^^/7,- Spanish Basin, June 2^,4214.; Bridger Mts., June 15, 421J. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tweedy, S54- Arabis canescens Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 83 [Syn. Fl. i^ 165; Man. R. M. 20; Bot. Cal. 2: 431]. Coulter describes this species as having linear-oblanceolate to broadly spatulate leaves and more or less spreading or reflexed pods on short pedicels. The type specimens, collected in the Rocky Mountains (the locality is not given and it may have been in Wyo- ming, Montana or Idaho), some collected by Prof. Aven Nelson in Wyoming and the following from Montana, have almost linear leaves and strongly reflexed narrow pods. The stems are several, from a perennial base, slender and very strict. All other specimens so de- termined seen by me belong to the following, or to A. Leninionu. Grows on dry hills, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Rydbcrg, 26JJ ; Lima, 26J4; Elk Mts., 1896, Flodnian, j02; Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 422^. Yellowstone Park: Stinking Water, 1873, Parry, ^o. *Arabis puberula Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 82. Like the last, but taller and simpler and with oblanceolate leaves, the cauline ones auricled. It is rare in Montana. The specimens collected by Howell and Suksdorf, and cited under A. canescens in the Synoptical Flora, belong here. Montana: Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazu. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tzveedy, S54- Arabis Lemmonii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467 [Sjm. Fl. i^ : 166] : Arabis canescens latifolia Wats. King's Exp. 5: 17. Resembles the two preceding in the flowers and pubescence ; but the stems are ascending with few cauline leaves, the basal leaves broadly spatulate and the p6ds spreading and much broader. On the higher mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. 100 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Electric Peak, Aug. i8, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4220; Indian Creek, July 22, 4221 ; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 4218 ; Bridger Mountains, June 15, 422J and 4.226 ; Milk Creek, 1887, Tweedy, ji; Helena, 1887, /^. W. Andersofi; Bozeman, 1892, Mrs. Alderson ; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 16, in part. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedv, 201. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydbei-g & Besscv, 42ig-. *Arabis microphyllaNutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 82 [Syn. Fl. i>: 167]. Perennial, with several slender stems about 2 dm. high, from a branching caudex ; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, stellate-pubescent and with more or less ciliate petioles ; flowers small, rose-tinged ; pods narro^v, erect or slightly spreading. On rocks, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Arabis Drummondii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 187 [Syn. Fl. i' : 166 ; Man. R. M. 20] ; Tiirritis stricta Grab. Ed. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. Rather common in the valleys, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana : Bridger Mountains, June 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bcsscy, 42og; Park Co., 1887, Tzi'eedy, 2g; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Miirfhy; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Granite, 1892,7^. D. Kelsey ; Bozeman, 1883, Seribner, 8g. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4210; 1884, Tzueedy, igg; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 557 ,* Stinking Water, 1873, Parry, 28. Arabis Lyallii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 122 [Syn. Fl. i' : 166; Man. R. M. 20; Bot. Cal. i: 32]. Among rocks on the higher peaks, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1895, Flodinan, joi ; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, jj ; Head of Stillwater, 6g; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 18 and ig: Upper Marias Pass, j6, in part. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzceedy, 202. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4212. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. PI. 661 [111. Fl. 2: 151; Syn. Fl. i' : 143; Man. R. M. 22]; Cheiranthiis cheiranthoides Heller, Cat. N.Am. PL 4; Cheiranthiis titrritoides Lam. Enc. 2: 716. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 189 In the valleys and canons, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., Flodman, ^04; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4231; Rochester Creek, 1888, F. Tzveedy, 112; Helena, 1887, 1890 and 1891, Kelsey ; 1882, Canby. Erysimum inconspicuum (Wats.) MacM. Met. Minn. 268 [111. Fl. 2: 151]; Erysimum -paj'Tiforiun Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 95. 1838 [S}^. Fl. i^ : 143 ; Man. R. M. 22] ; not Pers. 1807 ; Erysimum asperum inconsficmim Wats. ; King's Exp. 5 : 24; Cheiranthus inconspiciius Greene, Pittonia, 3: 134. River banks and sandy places, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana : Little Belt Mts., 1896, Elodman, joj ,' Clarke's Caiion, 1888, E. Tweedy, 32; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 738; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Muth ; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. Yellowstone Park : Slough Creek, 1885, Tzueedy, ^yo. Erysimum pumilum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 95 [Man. R. M. 22]; Cheiranthus pumilus Yiovnem. Hort. Hoffm. 2: 613; Cheiranthus asperriuius Greene, Pittonia, 3: 133. In Coulter's Manual it is described as only 2-4 inches high. It is generally much taller, often as tall as C. asper, from which it differs in the somewhat smaller and lighter 3'ellow flowers and the almost erect pods, which are very slender and often curved and twisted. Montana: Madison Co., 1888, Tzueedy, 11 j; Shields River, 1883, Scribner, 80. Erysimum asperum DC. Syst. 2: 505 [Syn. Fl. 143 ; Man. R. M. 22; 111. Fl. 2: 152] ; Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. 2: 69 [Bot. Cal. 1:35]. On dry hills, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Elodman, 307; Madison Co., 1888, E. Tzveedy, 117; Bridger Mts., June 11 and 17, 1897, Ryd- berg d- Bessey, 4232, 4236 and 423 7; Pony, July 6, 4234; Emigrant Gulch, 4233; East Boulder, 1887, Tweedy, 23; Grafton, 1892, R. S. Wtlltams, 31 ; Madison Co., Mrs. Elora McXulty ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4233. (?) Erysimum occidentale Robinson; Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 144; Chei- ranthus occidentalis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 261. Rare ; only one specimen seen, which is doubtfully referred to this species. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Elodman, 306. 190 ME3IOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. CAPPARIDACEAE. Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 441 [111. Fl. 2: 155] ; Clconie I u tegrifol iaT oxx . & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:122 [S^-n. Fl. i^ : 183; Man. R. M. 28]. Along streams, in sandy or saline soil, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 22, 1897, Rxdbcrg & Bessey, 42^4.; Madison Co., 1886, Tivecdy, 10S2: Deer Lodge Co., Miss Frances Hobson : Helena, 1890 and 1891, Kchcy ; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light ; Gallatin City, 1883, Scribncr, ga. Polanisia trachysperma Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 669 [Syn. Fl. i' : 182 ; Man. R. M. 27 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 158 : Bot. Cal. i : 51] ; Jacksonia irachyspcrnia Greene, Pittonia, 2: 175. In sandy soil, perhaps up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Yellowstone River, Aug. 22, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 424J ; Fridley, 1887, F. Tzveedy, jS ; Livingston, 1886, io8j; Silver Bow Co., Afrs. Moore; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Plains near the head of Missouri, 1882, Canhy ; Belt Creek, 1883, Scribner, g. DROSERACEAE. *Drosera rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 281 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 146 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 161 ; Bot. Cal. i : 213]. A small bog-plant with orbicular or broadly spatulate glandular- hairy leaves with reddish base, and small white flowers in a small raceme borne on a naked stem. Montana: Lake Terry, 1892, R. S. WiUiams, 8g8. CRASSULACEAE. Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. Fl. Cam., Ed. 2, i : 326 [111. Fl. 2 : 165] ; Rhodiola rosea L. Sp. PI. 1035 ; Sedum Rhodiola DC. Plantes Gras.^/. 143 [Man. R. M. 98 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 558 ; Bot. Cal. I : 209]. Among rocks on the higher mountains, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana : Little Belt Mts., 1896, Fiodmav.jij : Old Hollowtop, Pony Mountains, July 7-9, 1897, Rydberg d: Bessey, 42 4J and 4248 ; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, Tzueedy, log^; Beaver Head Co., 1888, /jo; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, jj. MEMOIRS OF THE ^■E^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I9I Sedum rhodanthum Gray, Am. Joiirn. Sc. (II.) 33: 405 [Man. R. M. 9S]. In meadows, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: East Boulder, 1887, T^rtrtWj, /(5(5; Head of Stillwater, ,1897, P. Koch^ 75. Yellowstone Park: Gibbon River, 1884, Tzccedy, 16; Upper Falls, 1872, Coulter; Aug. 14, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bessey ; Mud Springs, 187 1, Haydcii. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i : 324 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 560; Man. R. M. 99]. Dry hills, among stones and gravel, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzveedy, iji; Head of the Missouri, Wyctk; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, J12; Little Belt Mts., jii ; Spanish Basin, June 23 and 24, 1897, Rydberg <£- Bessey, 4246; Deep Creek, 1891, R. S. Williams, ji ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs, Moore; Little Blackfoot River, 1883, Canhy,i2g; Boulder Creek, 1883, Scribner, jja; Big Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tweedy, 431 ; Stinking Water Creek, 187 1, Haxdcn. Sedum Douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 228 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 559; Bot. Cal. i: 210; Man. R. M. 99]. Among rocks, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 128; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson . Yellowstone Park: Continental Divide, 1871, Hayden. Tillaea angustifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 558 [Man. R. M. 98; Bot. Cal. i: 209]. Muddy banks, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Lake, 1885, Tzceedy, 440. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxifraga oppositifolia L. Sp. PI. 402 [Man. R. M. 90: 111. Fl. 2 : 171]- . ^ ^ Among rocks on the top of the highest mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: East Boulder, Park Co., 1887, F. Tweedy, 204; Big Hole River, 1888, Tzveedy, 57; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 11 56; Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4273; Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, 4272. Yellowstone Park: Mt. Hplmes, 1884, F. Tzveedy, 244. 192 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Saxifraga flagellaris Willd. ; Sternb. Rev. Saxif. 25 [Man. R. M 91 : Ton-. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i : 564]. Among rocks, at an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4283. Saxifraga caespitosa L. Sp. PI. 404 [Man. R. M. 91 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 173]- In damp places among rocks on top of the highest mountains, at an altitude of 2800-3500 m. ^Montana : Yogo, 1885, R. S. WiUiams, 755; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 42'jj: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 9, 42^4.; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, iij; Belt Moun- tains, 1883, Scr/bner, jib. Yellowstone Park : 1885, T'ci'cedy, 841 . Saxifraga bronchialis L. Sp. PI. 400 []Man. R. M. 91]. Among rocks on mountains and hills, at an altitude of 2000 m. and more. Montana: 1892, Mrs. L. A. Fitch; Spanish Basin and Peaks, 1896, Flodman, ji8 and jig: Mill Creek, 1887, Tivecdx, 2jy; Gallatin Co., JBs. Aldcrson; Lake Plateau, 1897,7-*. Kocli,^^; Cedar Mt., July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 42 jg; Spanish Basin, June 28, 4280; Pony, July 7, 4281 ; July 9, 4282 ; Jocko River, 1883, Caiiby, 112; Jocko Lake, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tweedy, 842. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4278. Saxifraga cernua L. Sp. PL 403 [Man. R. M. 91 : 111. Fl. 2: 172]. In shaded places under rocks. Montana: Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, yji ; Rocky Mts., 1861, Lyall. Saxifraga rivularis L. Sp. PI. 404 [Man. R. M. 91]. Summits of the highest mountains, in wet places, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzi'ccdx, 840. Saxifraga adscendens L. Sp. PI. 405 [Man. R. M. 91]. High mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana : Mt. Blackmore, 1886, Tweedy, iijy. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I93 Saxifraga debilis Engelm. ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1863: 62 [Man. R. M. 92]. On alpine peaks, in wet places among rocks, at an altitude of about 3000 m, Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydbcrg- ct- Bes- sey, 4277; ]\.\\y 7, 4276. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, loi. Saxifraga punctata L. Sp. PI. 401 [Man. R. M. 92 ; Bot. Cal. i : 195]- _ In springy places, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Basin, 1892, F. D. Kclscy ; Spanish Basin, 1896, jFlodman, 575 and jiy; Sweet Grass Canon, ji6; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzvecdy, 11 58; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Math; Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson, ij6; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & JBcsscy, 42S4; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 428 j ; Jack Creek, July 15, 4286; Spanish Basin, June 28, 4287 ; Deep Creek, 1883, Scrib- 11 cr, jo. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1893, F. H. JBtirglchatis ; 1885, Tzvccdy, 8jg. * Saxifraga reflexa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 249. In foliage resembling S. nivalis, but with an open panicle, re- flexed sepals and orange-spotted petals. In meadows, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. AIoNTANA : Belt Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, yoo; Spanish Basin, June 28, i^<)^ , Rydberg & Bcssey, 4271 ; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Ca.nby, iii ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribner, jia. * Saxifraga Lyallii Engler, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 19: 542 [Index Crit. Saxifr. 30]. Characterized by its broad basal leaves, which are broadly obovate or almost orbicular wuth a more or less cuneate base and coarsely dentate above the middle, a few-flowered open inflorescence, white petals and club-shaped anthers. Montana: McDonald's Peak and Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby. * Saxifraga Nutkana Moc. ; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4 : 40 ; Engler, Mon. 135 (in both as a synonym) ; S. stellaris Britnoniana Bong. Veg. Sitcha 140. As to the validity of this species and its nomenclature see Dr. Small's discussion in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 368. Montana: Lake Terry, 1892, R. S. Williams, 878. 194 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Saxifraga nivalis L. Sp. PL 401 [Man. R. jM. 92 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 174; Bot. Cal. I : 194]. On top of the higher mountains, at an altitude of 2500 m. or more. Montana: Deer Lodge, F. W, Traphag-cn, iSSS: Missoula, 1883, Tweedy ; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams^ g; Old Hollowtop, Pony, Juh' 9, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, 426-/ : Cedar Mt., July 16, 4.266. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1893, F. H. Bui'glchaus ; Sepulchre Mt., 1885, Tzvecdy, Sj/. * Saxifraga aprica Greene, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cluh. 23 : 25 ; Saxifraga unibellulata Greene, Erythea, i : 222. Resembling somewhat S. nivalis in habit. Characterized by the numerous bulblets on the crown, spatulate-obovate petals and stout filaments. It grows on mountains, at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Montana : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bessey, 426 j. Saxifraga integrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 249 [Bot. Cal. i : 194 : Man. R. M. 92] . On mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Mullan Pass, 1889, ^' ^' Fchcy \ Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Sha-io ; Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydbcrg tO Bessey, 42yo: June 11, 426^: Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. * Saxifraga Rydbergii Small. Perennial, from short rootstocks, acaulescent. Leaves basal ; blades oblong to ovate, 1-3 cm. long, undulate or repand-dentate, glabrous or nearly so, bright green above, pale beneath, sessile, often with a broad petiole-like base ; scapes solitary, erect, 5-10 cm. tall, purplish, glandular-pubescent above, simple to the inflorescence ; cymules contracted, accompanied by short bracts, disposed in an in- terrupted cylindric raceme : calj'x glabrous, tube broadly campanu- late or nearly flat at maturity, the segments 5, triangular, 1-1.3 mm. long, rather obtuse ; petals 5, elliptic-oblong, shorter than the sepals, fugacious, sessile : stamens 5 : filaments subulate ; follicles purple. The only close relative of Saxifraga Rydbergii is Saxfraga hicracifolia W. & K. Selecting the more prominent characters that separate the two species in question we may state them as follows : Saxifraga Rydbergii. — Leaf-blades sessile or wdth broad petiole- like bases ; calj'x glabrous, the segments triangular, less than 1.5 mm. long ; petals oblong-elliptic, shorter than the calyx-segments. Saxifraga hicracifolia. — Leaf-blades narrowed into long slender petioles ; calyx pubescent, the segments ovate, 2 mm. long ; petals lin- ear-oblong, as long as the calyx-segments. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 195 In rocky places on alpine peaks, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rxdbcrg & Bessey, ^268. * Saxifraga Montanensis Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 367. Nearest related to S. Pennsylvanica, from which it differs some- what in habit, the turbinate calyx-tube and the triangular-ovate sepals which about equal the tube. It grows in mountain meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mullan, 1890, and Helena, Priest's Pass, 1892, F. D. Kelsey; 1888, F. Tzueedy,sS; Yogo, 1888, 7?. 6". Willmms, 4^1 ; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4264; June 28, 4262 ; June 30, 426 j. Yellowstone Park : 18S4, Tweedy, 24J ; i9>S^, 8j8 ; Yellow- stone Falls, Aug. 14, iS^"] , Rydbe7'g d- Bessey, 4261 ; iS"]!, Hayden. * Saxifraga ranunculifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 246. A peculiar species, very unlike any other in habit, with long- petioled 3-divided leaves with broadly cuneate cleft segments. It grows only in the western part of the State. Montana: Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 114. *Therophon heucheriforme Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24 : 247; Saxifraga Jainesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 47 : not Torr. It is distinguished from T. yamesii (^Saxifraga jainesii Torr.) by the small bluish violet petals, which scarcely exceed the sepals, and the free styles. It grows among rocks on the higher mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: East Boulder, 1887, 7^. Tzveedy, 2^^ ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 26"/"/; Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, J14; Gallatin Peak, 1886, Tzveedy, iijj; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Belt River Canon, 1886, F. W. Anderson, ijj ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, §1 ; Tiger Butte, 1883, Scribner ; Belt River Canon, 1885, ^- S. Williams. Yellowstone Park: Three River Peak, 1885, W. H. Weed; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d' Bessey, 4260; Hot Sul- phur Springs, 187 1, Hay den. Therophon majus (Gray) Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 70; Boykinia major Gray, Bot. Cal. i : 196 [Man. R. M. 93] ; B. occidentalis elata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 383; not B. elata Nutt. 196 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. "Wooded regions, at an altitvide of less than 1000 m. Montana: Jocko Canon, 18S0, JVatsou. * Heuchera ciliata. Stems two or three from a woody caudex, about 5 dm. high, terete, more or less brown, the lower portion, as well as the petioles, ciliate with white hairs, the upper portion finely and densely glandular- puberulent ; leaves rounded-reniform, 3-4 cm. in diameter, slightly 5-7-lobed and rounded-crenate, glabrous above, sparingl}- hairy be- neath ;~ inflorescence a narrow panicle; cup cylindrical-campanu- late, greenish, densely and finely glandular-puberulent, decidedly oblique and strongly gibbous at the base below, 6-8 mm. long ; petals narrowly spatulate with a long claw, a little exceeding the oblong sepals, glandular-puberulent ; stamens slightly exserted ; seeds almost black, strongly hispid-muriculate. Nearest related to Heuchera hispida, but the flowers are smaller, more glandular-puberulent, and more gibbous, and the leaves have more rounded teeth. It grows in crevices of rocks, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tzcecdy, jjq. * Heuchera grossulariifolia. Cespitose, with a woodv caudex; leaves all basal, numerous, the petioles 2-5 cm. long, very slender : blade rounded, heart-shaped, more or less deeply 5-cleft and crenate, 1-2 cm. in diameter, rather firm and shining, glabrous, except the ciliate margins, each rounded tooth tipped with a short bristle ; stem naked, 2-4 dm. high, lower part glabrous, the upper portion finely glandular-puberulent; raceme simple ; flowers on very short pedicels less than 2 mm. long ; cup bell-shaped, 3-5 mm. long, vellowish, finely glandular-puberulent, slightly oblique ; petals spatulate, slightly clawed, a little exceeding the sepals, white or pinkish ; seeds oblong, brow-n, hispid-muricate under a lens. It is somewhat intermediate between U. Hall ii ?ind H. parvifolia, but differs from both in the glabrate leaves and the bristle-tipped teeth ; from the former also by the taller stem and the smaller flowers, and from the latter by the simpler raceme, the larger flowers, the campanulate cup, which is yellower, and the smaller leaves. //. grossulariifolia grows on rocky hillsides, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana : Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^288 ; Black- tail Deer Creek, 1888, Tzuecdy^ 40. Idaho : Ramshorn Mountain, Dr. J. S. Nezvhcrry. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I97 Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 581 [Man. R. M. 94]. Common among rocks, at an altitude of 1000-3000 m. Montana: Milk River, 1879, ^''- Havard; Anaconda, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 267S and 267^; Spanish Basin and Peaks, 1896, Flodman, ^20 2.nd. §22; Cottonwood Creek, 52/; Cedar Mountains, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 428^ Sind 42^4; Indian Creek, July 21, 42^0; Jack Creek, July 15, 42^1; Bridger Mountains, June 11-18, 42^2 and 42py ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 42pj; Spanish Basin, June 23-24, 42pj ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, 56; Bridger, 1892, W. T. Skazv ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williauis, jij ; Shields River, 1883, ^Sfr/^^^zer, 5i'<7. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy, 246; Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tweedy, 844. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 27, Rydberg & Bessey, 42^0. * Heuchera glabella Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 581 ; Heuchera cylindrica glabella Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 17: 203. Resembles H. cylindrica, but has somewhat smaller, less hairy, rounded-reniform leaves and almost glabrous, not hirsute, stem. No specimen of H. cylindrica has been seen from Montana. It may occur there, as it is found in northern Idaho. H. glabella grows among rocks, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelsey; Little Belt Mts., 1895, Flodman, 52^; Elk Mts., 324; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. MutJi ; Rainbow Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 46; Judith Mts., 1882, Canby ; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 32. * Heuchera ovalifolia Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 581. Also a relative of H. cylindrica, but the plant is densely glandular all over and the leaves are rounded-elliptic, not heart-shaped, at the base. It is the commonest species in the region, growing on dry hills at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Silver Bow, 1895, Rydberg, 2682; Lima, 2680; Bozeman, 2681 ; Cottonwood Creek, 1896, Flodman, 323; Bridger Mts., June 15, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 42^8 ; Jack Creek, July 14, 42gg; Spanish Basin, June 23-24, 4300; Indian Creek, July 21, 4301 : Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, 33: Bear Creek, 1887, 238; Virginia City, 1871, Hay den. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tweedy, 843; Grand Canon, 1872, Coulter. I9S MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lithophragma tenella Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 584 ; Tcllima tcncUa Wats. King's Exp. 5 : 95 [Man. R. M. 93 ; Bot. Cal. i: 198]. A very small plant, scarcely over i dm. high, and with a very small flower. The calyx is turbinate-campanulate, and the petals are wholly free from the ovary and divided into nearly filiform di- visions. A very rare plant. Most specimens referred to it belong to the following : Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Farry, loj. * Lithophragma glabra Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 584. In this species the calyx is rounded-campanulate, nearly twice as large as in the preceding. The petals are also much larger, about as large as in the next, often rose-color and divided into linear lobes. The stem is taller than in the preceding, often over 2 dm. high. The taller specimens of Tellima tenella described by Coulter belong here. L. glabra grows in dry soil, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Hell Gate, John Pcarsall, Sii ; Lewis & Claike Co., Mrs.' Fannie Harzvood ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. S/iazv. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzvccdy^ 8^g. Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 584; Tcllima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 239 [Man. R. M. 93; Bot. Cal. i: 198]. In this species the calyx is decidedh' turbinate, and the lower por- tion is united with the ovary. It is rather common in the valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelscy ; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 430 j ; Bridger ]Mts., June 10-14, 4306 and 430"/; Park Co., 1889, Tzucedy ; Great Falls, 1891, /t*. S. Williams^ 42; Nuttall ; Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr, 32c; Stinking Water, 1871, Hayden; Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Z^r. C/ias. H. Hall : 1885, Tzvecdy, 830; 1883, Miss 3fary Conipion. * Lithophragma Williamsii (D. C. Eaton) Greene, Erythea, 3 : 102 ; Heuchcra rr77//V/;;/5// D. C. Eaton, Bot. Gaz. 15: 62 [16: 237]. In general appearance this does not resemble the other species. The crenate reniform leaves are not divided and resemble much those of sovao. Hciichcrae. The petals are also undivided and small. The calyx, however, is that of a Lithophragma , resembling mostly MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I99 that of the last species, being decidedly turbinate. It grows in meadows, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzveedy, jp; F. D. Kchey ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, ^26; Bridger Mts., June 12 and 17, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4.^02 and 4304; Cedar Mts., July 16, 4303; Monarch, 1890, R. S. Williams, lyg; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canby, iig; Bozeman and Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 32b; Highwood Mts. and Belt Park, 1889, R. S. Williams, ijg. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. C/ias. H. Hall; Soda Butte, 1885, Tzveedy, 846. Mitella pentandra Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 2^33 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 586; Man. R. M. 93 ; Bot. Cal. i : 200]. In springy or swampy places, especially in the woods, at an alti- tude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, 7^. Tzvccdy, 266; Melrose, 1895, Rydbcrg, 26S4; Bozeman, 2683; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodinan, 328 and 32^; Bridger Mts., 330; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4316; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 730; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzueedy, 1160; Deer Lodge, Miss Emma Ware; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 16 ; Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 31c. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydbcrg (X: Bessey, 4313 ; 1885, Tzvccdy, 84"/. Mitella trifida Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 185 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 587 ; Man. R. M. 93 ; Bot. Cal. i : 200]. Coulter describes the leaves of this species as being dentate, which is erroneous. They are on the contrary rounded-crenate. The calyx and corolla are both greenish white. It is a rather rare plant within the region, but more common west of the Rockies. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 102; Mt. Washburn, 1884, Tzvccdy, 242. * Mitella violacea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 248. In habit and the form of the leaves, this species most resembles M. pentandra. The leaves are broadly cordate, slightly 5-7-lobed with rounded finely crenate lobes. It is easily distinguished from M. pentandra by the smaller flowers which are tinged and veined with violet, and by the petals which are oblanceolate, entire or slightly 3-cleft. It is rather common in southern Montana, at an altitude of about 2000 m., growing in wet meadows. 200 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, j2-j ; Bridger Mts., June 14-18, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4J12, 4JIJ and 43 14. * Mitella Breweri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 533 [Bot. Cal. i: 200]. Petals pinnately parted as in 31. pentandra, but stamens opposite the sepals, and leaves round-reniform, crenate. Woods. Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canhy, iiS. * Mitella nuda L. Sp. PI. 408 [111. Fl. 2: 181]. A small plant with almost scape-like stem, reniform twice-ci-enate basal leaves, five stamens, and petals that divide pinnatel}' into tiliform segments. Not before reported from the northwestern United States. Montana: St. Ignatius Mission, 1883, Canby, iiy. Tiarella unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 238 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 587 ; Man. R. M. 93 ; Bot. Cal. i : 199]. Rare, growing only in the western part of ^Montana. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, Sjg: Mis- soula, 1880, Watson. PARXASSIACEAE. Parnassia fimbriata Banks ; Kon. & Sims, Ann. Bot. i : 391 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 150; Man. R. M. 95 ; Bot. Cal. I : 202]. Common in wet ground, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, F. Tzt'cedy ; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, jji : Indian Creek, Jul}- 21, 1897, Fydbcrg & Besscy, 4310; Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams, igi : Deer Lodge, Miss Emma Ware: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzvccdy, 11 jg: Flathead River, 1883, Canby, 122. Yellowstone Park : 1885, G. W. Lcttcrman ; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4311 : 1893, Addison Brozon; 1884, Tzueedy, 23^, in part. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, iSg'j, Rydberg ct Besscy, 430^. Parnassia palustris L. Sp. PI. 273 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i : 148 ; Man. R. M. 95 : Bot. Cal. i : 202 : 111. Fl. 2 : 183]. Rare in swamps, at an altitude of over 2500 m. Montana: West Boulder, 1887, Tzvccdy, 260: Hounds Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 33; Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 121. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 20I Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzueedy, 848; 1884, 2jg, in part. Parnassia parviflora DC. Prod, i : 320 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 194; Man. R. M. 95 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 183]. In swamps, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydbcrg, 268 j ; East Gallatin Swamp, iSg6, Klodman, jj2; Meagher Co., 1892, JS. iV". Bi-ande- gee; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alder son ; Swimming Women Creek, 1882, Canby ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1882, Scribner, 5^. Idaho : Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg <£• Bessey, 4308. HYDRANGEACEAE. * Philadelphus Lewisii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 329 [Torr. & Gra}-, Fl. N. Am. I : 595 ; Bot. Cal. i : 202]. A shrub about one meter high, with large white flowers, and green and glabrate ovate leaves, which are 3-5-nerved from the base. It grows on dry hillsides. The popular name is the same as that of its eastern congeners, viz., " Mock-orange" or " Syringa." Its flower is only a little smaller than that of the P. coronarms of the gar- dens. Montana : Soap Gulch, Silver Bow Co., 1888, Tzueedy, 66; Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 431J ; Western Montana, 1892, Miss Efiima Ware; Belt Mts., 1891, R. S. Williams, 678 ; Gallatin Co., 3frs. Hodguian; Helena, 1894, jS". Douglass; Gallatin Canon, 1886, Tweedy, 1161 and 1261 ; Lone Gulch, 1888, 61 ; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 123 and 124; Helena, 1882, Canby; Bitterroot Canon, 1880, Watson. GROSSULARIACEAE. *Ribes setosum Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 243 [111. Fl. 2: 188]. A gooseberry characterized by its cylindric calyx-tube, white petals, short stamens and generally numerous bristles on the stems and branches. The berry also is sometimes bristly. On hills, ex- tending up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazv (with more slender corolla, perhaps distinct) ; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 3^8; Bozeman, 1883, Scribner, 34/; Big Horn River, 1890, J. W. Blankinship. Yellowstone Park: 1873, Parry, 106. 202 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Ribes saxosum Lindl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 231 ; B/'bcs oxyacan- tJwidcs Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 206, mainly [Man. R. M. 96] ; not L. ; R. oxyacanthoidcs saxosum Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4 : 100. Differs from the eastern R. oxyacant/ioidcs in the presence of stipular bristles on the petioles, glabrous leaves, and stouter but short spines. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, jjj ; John Pcarsall., 871. Yellowstone Park : Blacktail Deer Creek, 1884, Tweedy, 2^0 and 2^1. * Ribes leucoderme Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 92. Nearly related to the two preceding ; characterized by the white or yellowish-white bark on the twigs, and the weak prickles. In open woods, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 17, 1897, Rydbcrg ci- Bcsscy, 424^; Jack Creek, July 14, 43 iS. Ribes irriguum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 516; Ribes divari- catiun irn'otiiun Gray, Am. Nat. 10 : 273 [Man. R. M. 96: Bot. Cal. I : 206]. Mountains, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tzceedy, 263 ; Great Falls, 1886, /^. W. Anderson, 143; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 25, 424^11. Ribes inerme. An apparently unarmed shrub of the Grossularia section, with red- dish-brown bark, as in R. eerctim. Leaves rounded-cordate, about I cm. in diameter, with short petioles, 3-5-cleft with rounded cre- nate lobes, glabrous and shining ; raceme short, about equalling the leaves, 2-4-flowered : hypanthium tinged with yellow and rose- purple, turbinate, about 4 mm. long; sepals oblong, 2-3 mm. long, in anthesis reflexed, later descending ; petals white or rose-color, rhombic-cuneate, about half as long as the sepals ; filaments subu- late, about equalling the sepals ; styles distinct, with the lower por- tion bearded, a little exceeding the stamens. It may have been mistaken for 7?. oxyacanthoidcs, but the form of the flower is different, and the leaves are much smaller, jrlabrous and shining. It was found at an altitude of about 2200 m. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tzvecdy, S30. * Ribes echinatura Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. i34<^. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 203 Differs from J^//)cs lacustre in the less dissected leaves, longer racemes and the stem, which often lacks bristles or prickles; spines usually fewer and simpler. It occurs on wooded hillsides, while R. lacustre alwaj^s grows in swamps. Montana: Bridger Mts., June i8, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4250; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzuecdy, 262; Belt Mountains, 1885, F. W. Anderson, 144; Priest's Pass, 1892, R. D. Kelsey ; Bozeman, 1883, Canby, 126; Jefferson City, 1883, Scn'hncr, j^h; Prickly Pear Canon, j^g; Missoula, 1898, Williams d- Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 43 ig; Soda Butte, 1885, Tzuecdy, S32 ; C. C. Parry, 105 ( ?). Ribes parvulum (Gray) ; Ribes lacustre parviiliiiii Gray, Bot. Cal. I : 206 [Man. R. M. 97]. Among rocks on the highest mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Br. V. Havard; Old Hol- lowtop. Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4231 ; Cedar Mts., July 16, 4232. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy,8ji. Ribes Hudsonianum Richards. Frank. Journ. Ed. 2, App. 6 [Man. R. M. 97 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 190 ; Bot. Cal. i : 206]. On wooded hillsides, in damp places, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. fF. Tra-phagen; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jjy; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. E. Miith; Priest's Pass, 1892, 7^. Z^. /iW^dry,* Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 34c; Priest's Pass, 1883, Canby, 12^; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park : 18S5, Tzveedy, Sj6. Ribes viscosissimum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 163 [Man. R. M. 97 ; Bot. Cal. I : 207]. In woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 338; June 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4236; Marysville, 1892, Miss Ada Adams; Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scribner, 34e; Odell's, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, E. A Mearns, 3-jS ; 1873, C. C. Parry, 108. Ribes floridum L'Her. Stirp. Nov. i : 4 [Man. R. M, 97 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 191]. 204 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In open woods, on creek-banks, etc., up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Elliston, 1891, Kehey ; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribner^ ^^b. Yellowstone Park: 1885, F, Tzvcedy, 8j^. Ribes cereum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 512 []Man. R. M. 97; 111. Fl. 2: 191; Bot. Cal. i: 207]. In Coulter's Manual the calyx is described as rotate or saucer- shaped, while in fact it is elongated-cylindric. In the Botan}' of California it is also placed in a wrong division. 7?. cere tun grows on dry hills, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg (£- Bessey, 4320; Bridger Mts., June 11 and 18, 4233 and 4233 ; Spanish Basin, June 28, 4234; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 42340 ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; 1892, W. T. Shaw; Boulder River, 1888, Tweedy, 60; Gallatin Co., 1887, 264: Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, J16 ; Shield's River, 1883, Scribner, S4d. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzucedy, 8jj. Ribes Nevadense Kell. Proc. Acad. Cal. i : 65 ; Ribes sang-idneuin varicgatum Wats. King's Exp. 5 : 100 [Bot. Cal. i : 207 ; Man. R. M. 97]. In mountain woods ; very rare. Montana: Granite, 1892,7^. D. Kelsey. Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 164 [Man. R. M. 98; 111. Fl. 2: 192; Bot. Cal. I : 207]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. JVillianis, 4; Missoula Co., Mrs. Kennedy; North Boulder River, 1888, Tzceedv, jp; Bozeman, 1883, Seribner, 340. Ribes aureum chrysococcum Rydb. Fl. Neb. 21: 71 [111. Fl. 2: 192]. Fruit golden-vellow instead of black. Range the same as that of the species. Montana : Jack Creek, Julv 19, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 423"/ ; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, 263. Ribes tenuiflorum Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 242 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 552]. It differs from R. aiireuni in the very narrow calyx-tube and gen- erally smaller leaves. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 205 Montana: Helena, 1890, F. D. Kchcy ; Sheridan, 1892, // M. Fitch. ROSACEAE. * Opulaster pubescens. A shrub about i m. high with strict branches and light-colored shreddy bark ; young branches, leaves and inflorescence pubescent with branched or stellate hairs ; leaves orbicular with cordate base, slightly 5-lobed and doubly crenate, about 2 cm. long and 2-2.5 cm. in diameter ; hypanthium and sepals densely stellate-tomentose, the latter ovate, obtuse ; petals broadly obovate, about one-third longer than the sepals ; ovaries densely stellate-tomentose, united to above the middle ; carpels not much inflated, the apex straight or perhaps somewhat spreading in fruit. In habit intermediate between O. /noiwgynns and 0.;paiic(/forHS, hut differs from both in the hairy and duller leaves and the obtuse sepals. The form of the carpels is intermediate, although more like the lat- ter; the apex is straight and somewhat flattened laterally, but not so much as in those of O. panc/^orus ; they are perhaps also more turgid than in that species. It grows at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Hound Creek, 1883, Scribner, jj (fruit, in Canby herbarium). Utah: Ogden, 1871, T. C. Porter (flowers, Columbia College). Wyoming: Hartville, 1894, A. JVelson, ^gS (?) (this specimen seems to belong here, but carpels more divergent than in the types). * Opulaster pauciflorus (Nutt.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 581 ; Spiraea faticifora Nutt. ; Torr. cS: Gra3S Fl. N. Am. i : 414 ; Neillia malvacea Greene, Piltonia, 2 : 30 ; Opulaster malvaceus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 949. In the form and size of the leaves this species is most like O. opttli- folius but the fruit distinguishes it readily from that species and from O monogxmis. The carpels are united to above the middle, are little inflated, and the upper portion is more or less laterally flattened and forms an erect beak. They are not, as described by Prof. Greene, indehiscent, but open very tcU'dily ; they are also much smaller than those of the other species. Nuttall's type is in the Columbia herbarium and belongs evidently to the same species as Prof. Greene's Neillia malvacea. O. pauciflorus is a native of the mountain regions of Washington, Oregon, northern Idaho and western Montana. 206 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, iS<^6, I^lodmaii, jjp and 5^0, • Bridger Mts., June 17, 1897, R\dbc)'i( d: Bessey, 4322; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrson; Bear Creek, 1892, W, T. S/iaza ; Belt Mts., 1891, B. S. Willianis, Jj6 : Sixteen I\Iile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, j6 ; Ross' Hole, 1880, JVa/son. * Spiraea Douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 172 [Bot. Cal. i : 169] . A species with rose-colored flowers and the lower surface of the leaves white-tomentose. In wet places : found only in the extreme western part of the state. Montana : Lo-Lo Creek, 1880, Watson. Spiraea lucida Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 172 : Spiraea hctiilae- folia Seringe ; DC. Prod. 2 : 544 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i : 414; Man. R. M. 77 ; Bot. Cal. i : 169] ; not Pall. The true S. bctiilaefolta, as Prof. Greene has pointed out, is not found in North America, unless in Alaska where a few doubtful specimens have been collected. S. bciulacfolia is a Siberian plant with much smaller thicker and rounder leaves than the American plant. Coulter gives the color of the flowers as pale purple. All I have seen, both in the field and in herbaria, have white flowers. In Torrey and Graj-'s Flora they are so described. S. lucida is common in woods throughout the mountain regions and ranges from an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, 341; Elk Mts., 342; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rxdbcrg & Bessey, 4323: Cedar Mts., Julv 16, 4324; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 4323; Helena, 1890, R. D. Kelsey ; Silver Bow Co., Airs. JMoore: Bear Creek, 1892, W. T. Shaxu ; Helena, 1894, E. Douglass; Spanish Creek, 1886, Tzvecdy, iig3 ; Helena, 1891, K. D. Kelsev ; Belt Mts., 1890, R. S. Williams, ijS; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 34; Ross' Hole, 1880, JVatson. Yellowstone Park: 1886, Francis Hall: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzccedy, 102; Lower Falls, 1871, Hayden ; 1873, C. C. Parry, pj. Spiraea densiflora Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 414 : Spiraea betulaefolia rosea Coulter, Man. R. M. 77, in part. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodnian, 343; Little Belt Mts., 544- Petrophytoncaespitosutn (Nutt.) ; Spiraea caespitosa Nutt.: Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 418 [Man. R. M. 77] ; Eriogynia caespi- tosa Wats. Bot. Gaz. 15: 242. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 207 Watson, when reestablishing the genus Eriogynia in the Botanical Gazette, divides it into three subgenera, which I regard as fully de- serving the rank of genera. Eriogynia Hook, was based on Saxifraga peciinata (Pursh) Hook. ; but as it is antedated by Lutkea of Bongard, the species mentioned becomes Eiitkea fectiuata (Pursh) Kuntze. As generic names for the other two species I adopt here the subgeneric ones used by Watson. P. caespitosum is a rather rare plant, growing on exposed rocks, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June i8, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, 4321; Gallatin Co., 1885, Peter Koch: 1886, Tzvccdy, 11/4; Warm Spring Creek, Madison Co., 1887, Tzvcedy, 6; between Jef- ferson and Madison Rivers, 1871, Hayden. *Kelseya uniflora (Wats.); Eriogynia unifora Wats. Bot. Gaz. 15: 242. A cespitose woody plant of somewhat similar habit to the preced- ing, but still more compact; it has smaller leaves, cfnd solitary sub- sessile flowers at the ends of the short branches, which are densely covered with the crowded leaves. It is named in honor of its dis- coverer. Rev. F. D. Kelsey, and has only been found at the original locality, so far as I know. Montana : Gates of the Mountains, 1888 and 1892, E. D. Kehey. *Holodiscus ariaefolia (Smith) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 113; Spiraea ariaefolia Smith ; Rees. Cycl. 33 : No. 16 ; Spiraea dis- color ariaefolia Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 170. Resembles H. discolor, but has larger broadly ovate leaves, 5-10 cm. long, which are only slightly grayish (never white) tomentulose beneath. It is generally a shrub a meter or two, sometimes 3-4 m., high, while //. discolor scarcely reaches the height of a meter. It is found in the western part of Montana. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1893,^. S. Williams, 874; Silver Bow Co., Miss E. Hotchkiss; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. i : 308 [111. Fl. 2 : 199] ; Rubtis Ntit- kamts Moc. ; DC. Prod. 2 : 566 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 450 ; Man. R. M. 79; Bot. Cal. i : 171]. Nuttall's name is a misnomer, as this species and R. odorahis have the largest flowers of all the North American species. It is not uncommon in open woods and on hillsides, at an altitude of 1000- 2500 m. 2o8 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 547: Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4^26 ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23,^j^7,- West Boulder, 1887, Tzccedv, 11 : Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs.E.Muth; Bozeman Canon, 1892, W. 7^. 67/f/ry,- Granite, 1892, F. D. Kelscy ; Deep Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 46; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzcccdy, ^77. Rubus nivalis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 181 [Man. R. M. 79]. According to Coulter, this should grow in the Bitterroot Mountains, but I have seen no specimens from there. Rubus strigosus Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i : 297 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 453 ; Man. R. M. 79; 111. Fl. 2 : 200]. Common on rocky ground, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: South Fork of Judith River, 1896, Flodman, j^S : Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bcssey, 4328 ; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 432c); Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 4330; Spanish Basin, June 28, 4331 ; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribncr, 4J ; Sand Coulee, 1886, F. W. Anderson. Yellowstone Park : Blacktail Deer Creek, 1884, Tweedy, pj. * Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 178 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 454 ; Bot. Cal. i : 172] . It resembles Fuhus occidentalism but differs in the white bark of the 3'oung branches, the petals, which equal the sepals in length, and the brownish black fruit with a white bloom. F. occidcntalis is ap- parently not found in Montana, and R. leucodermis only in the western portion of the state. Montana : Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 873. Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 437 [111. Fl. 2 : 213 ; Rydb. Mon. 40*] ; Potentilla siifina ]Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 304 [Man.R. M. 84]. Along streams in the eastern and northern parts of the state. Potentilla rivalis Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 437 [Man. R. M. 83 ; Bot. Cal. i : 179; Rydb. Mon. 42]. Along rivers and in wet soil in the western portion of the state. Potentilla leucocarpa Rydb.; Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. 2: 212 [Rydb. Mon. 43] : Potentilla millegrana Engelm. ; Lehm. Ind Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849: 11 ; not Dougl. ; P. rivalis millegrana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 553 [Man. R. M. 84 ; Bot. Cal. i : 178]. * Rydberg, Monograph of the North American Potentilleac in Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ., Vol. 2. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 209 Coulter describes it as " erect or weak and ascending." It is never as far as I know perfectly erect, but generally rather diffusely branched. The erect specimens that Dr. Coulter had in view must belong to the next species, which has been confused with it. P. Ieiicoca?-pa grows in light rather damp soil, on prairies and river- bottoms. It is a rather rare plant in the region. Montana: Helena, 1892, J^. D. Kelsey. *Potentilla biennis Greene, Fl. Fran, i: 65 [Rydb. Mon. 44]; Potent ilia later ijlora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 261. In habit it most resembles the following species, but is a much more slender plant, with a small falsely racemose inflorescence. It differs from P. leucocarpa in the erect subsimple stems, the broader leaf- lets, the inflorescence and the more glandular-puberulent stem. In rich soil, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.372; Pony Mts., July 7,7^7/; Melrose, 1895, Rydberg^ 2686; Bozeman, 1887, Tzceedy, 16; Helena, 1882, Canby. Potentilla Monspeliensis L. Sp. PI. 499 [111. Fl. i: 212; Rydb. Mon. 45] ; Potentilla JVof'vegica Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 125 [Man. R. M. 83] ; not L. It is rather common in rich or sandy moist soil, reaching an alti-. tude of about 2500 m. Montana: Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg cf- Bessey, 4367; Cliff Lake, July 27, 436S ; Jack Creek, July 15, 436^; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Helena, 1892, Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4370; Yellowstone Lake, 1884, Tweedy, 100. Potentilla concinna Richards. Frankl. ist Journ. 739 [Rydb. Mon. 52] : Potentilla hiiniifiisa Nutt. Gen. i : 310 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 443; Man. R. M. 85]. A species belonging to the plains region, reaching an altitude of perhaps 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw. Potentilla concinna divisa Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 431 [Rydb. Mon. 53] ; Potentilla nivea dissecta Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 559, in part [Man. R. M. 85, in part]. The Montana and Black Hills specimens, referred by Watson to his variety of P. nivea, belong to a form of P. concinna, which can easily be seen from the broad sepals and bractlets. 2IO MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Howard; Bozeman Pass, 1883; Scribuer, ^jc. Potentilla dissecta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 355 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. I : 446 ; Man. R. M. 85 ; Bot. Cal. i : 179 ; R3db. Mon. 59]. In rocky places, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, jyj ; Ponv Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4386 ; Spanish Basin, June 26, 438y; Hell Roaring Creek, Park Co., 1887, Tzueedw ij. Yellowstone Park : i^iSt^, Miss Maiy Compton : 1884, Tzueedy, 98; 1885, 463. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 556 [Man. R. M. 85: Rydb. Mon. 61]; Potentilla glauco- phylla Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1836: 7. On hillsides and in ravines, sometimes in the open valleys, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Occasionally it is even 5 dm. in height. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, j'/4; Bridger Mts., 575 f-^)-: Little Belt Mts., 3/6 and 3/8; Elk Mts., 3yy; Spanish Basin, Jul}- i, 1897, Rydberg- & Bessey, 4389: Belt iNIts., 1883, Scribner, 44. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, g6. Potentilla decurrens (Wats.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 396 [Rvdb. Mon. 61] ; Potentilla dissecta decurrens Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557 [Man. R. M. 85]. It is more decidedly an alpine species than the preceding, grow- ing among rocks, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana : Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodnian, 57/ ; Spanish Peaks, 572; Bridger Mts., June 11 and 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4388 and 4393; Pony, July 7, 43^2: Indian Creek, July 22, 4391. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 43go. Potentilla multisecta (Wats.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 397 [Rydb. Mon. 62] ; Potentilla dissecta multisecta Wats. King's Exp. 5: 86 [Man. R. M. 85]. A rare plant growing on the highest mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: 1885, F. W. Anderson, 123; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 26gi ; Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4394. Potentilla fastigiata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 440 [Rvdb. Mon. 6^'] ; Pote/itilla gracilis yhstigiata Wats. Troc. Am. Acad. 8: 557 [Man. R. M. 85; Bot. Cal. i: 179]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 211 It most resembles P. ftdche^-rinia in the form of the leaflets, but the plant is much lower, the cyme contracted and the leaves beneath less tomentose, never white. It grows in dry places, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Ntdtall; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribncr, ^^b. Yellowstone Park: 1893, T. H. Biirglchaus. Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 2: 10 [Rydb. Mon. 65] ; Potentilla Ilippiaiia fulchcrrima Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 555, in part [Man. R. M. 84, in part] . Watson evidently confused two somewhat similar, but apparently distinct plants. The true P. pulcherrima is a tall plant related to P. gracilis, with either digitate or closely pinnate leaves, the crenate leaflets white-tomentose beneath. It grows in rich soil in open valleys, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman Cafion, 1895, Rydbcrg, 26pj ; Bridger Mts., 1896, Plod/nan, J62 ; Little Belt Mts., S^3 ^' Spanish Basin, June 26 and 28, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4373 and 4374; Jack Creek, Jul}- H' 4375; Pony, July 6, 4380. * Potentilla Candida Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 6 [Mon. 67]- Similar to the preceding, but is a much lower plant with sil- very-white crenate leaflets, their upper surface being white-silky, the lower silky and tomentose. It is an alpine plant, growing at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2688; Lima, 2687; Bridger Mts., June 10, 1897, Rydbcrg ct- Bcsscy, 4377; F. IV. Hay- dcn, i860. Potentilla Blaschkeana Turcz. ; Lehm. in Otto, Gart. & Blumenz. 9: 506 [Rvdb. Mon., 69] ; Potentilla gracilis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557, in part [Man. R. M. 85] ; not Lehm. This has been regarded as P. gracilis, but is distinguished by the stouter habit, the large flowers, contracted cymes and the form of the leaflets. These are, in P. Blaschkeana, obovate or broadly oblance- olate in outline, divided half way to the midrib into oblong segments. In P. gracilis the leaflets are narrowl}' oblanceolate and with coarse triangular teeth ; the leaves are white-tomentose beneath in both. P. gracilis is a native of the west coast and does not reach Montana. P. Blaschkeana grows in valle3's at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. 212 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Bozeman Canon, 1895, Rydberg, 26^2; Bozeman, iSg6, Flodman, J64; Spanish Basin, June 23 and 28, 7?v<^<^f^'^' <^ Bessey, 4j'/8 and 4381 ; Gallatin Co., 1887, Tweedy, 64. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy, 464. *Potentilla viridescens Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 69. Intermediate between the preceding and the followijig. In gen- eral habit it resembles the latter, but the leaves are slightly to- mentose beneath, and the calyx more hairy. Its habitat is similar to that of the preceding. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, j66 ; Little Belt Mts., j6y; Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4382; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 43^6. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy, 464. Potentilla Nuttallii Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1852 : 12 [Rydb. Mon. 70] ; Potentilla gracilis rigida Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557 [Man. R. M. 85 ^Bot. Cal. i : 179] ; not P. rigida Wall. . Grows in the open valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian, 363; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4384; July i, 4383 ; Jack Creek, July 14, 4383; Cottonwood, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, 13; Fort Ellis to Yellowstone, 187 1, R. Adams (Hayden Survey). Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzvecdx, gy. * Potentilla pectinisecta Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 7 [Mon. 73]. Has the same habit as P. Candida and P. fastigiata, but the leaves are deeply dissected into linear lobes : they are silky on both sides and only slightly tomentulose beneath. It is a rare plant, growing at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 30, 1897, Rydberg <£• Bessey, 4379 y 1 8 7 1 , Ro bert A da nis . Potentilla flabelliformis Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 2:12 [Rydb. Mon. 74] ; Potentilla gracilis Jlabelliformis Torr. &: Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 440 [Man. R. M. 85 : Bot. Cal. i : 179]. The leaves are divided to near the midrib into linear segments which are white-tomentose beneath and their margins are more or less revolute. The flowers are rather small and the branches of the cyme rather long. In open valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 213 Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg, 26^4; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodinan, 568; Belt Park, 1889, ^- ^- Williams, lyi. * Potentilla ctenophora Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 75 ; Potentilla flabcllifirnnis ctcnofhora Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 7. Nearly related to the preceding and scarcely more than a variety of it. Differs in the larger flowers, more contracted cyme, and the broader segments of the leaves, the margins of which are not revo- lute. It approaches P. Blasclikcajia in general habit. Open valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodinan, j6g ; Elk Mts., 570, • Madison Co., 3frs. McXiilty. * Potentilla quinquefolia Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 76; Potentilla nivea pcntaphvlla Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 9 : 69 ; not P. fentafihxlla Richt. Most resembles P. nivea L. but the basal leaves are commonly 5-foliolate, with the middle leaflet more or less stalked. It is in our region a strictly alpine plant, growing at an altitude of 3000 m. or more, but in British America it occurs at much lower altitudes. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 43 gy. * Potentilla Hookeriana Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849: 10 [Rydb. Mon. 84]. Nearest related to P. nivea, but differs in the more deeply dis- sected leaves, the smaller flowers and the bracllets which equal the sepals. Montana: 1883, W. M. Canby, 103 (?). Potentilla nivea L. Sp. PI. 499 [Man. R. M. 85 ; 111. Fl. 2: 210; Rydb. Mon. 84]. No specimens have been seen from Montana, but it is found both north and south of the state and may be expected on the highest mountains. * Potentilla uniflora Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5 : 543 [Rydb. Mon. ^%'\. A near relative of P. nivea, differing in the lower stem, larger flowers, and short cuneate more deeply dissected leaves. It grows on the tops of the highest mountains, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: 1883, Canby, 104. 214 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Potentilla Pennsylvanica L. Mant. 76 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 438; Man. R. M. 84; 111. Fl. 2: 214; R3'db. Mon. 95]. A plant belonging to the Great Plains, ascending in the more open valleys to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, ^^2; Cottonwood Creek, 5 jj ; Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4402; Alhambra, 1892, F. D. Kclsey. * Potentilla Pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 9: 41 [Rydb. Mon. 98 J . This resembles var. strigosa^ but has a finer pubescence and lacks the long hirsute hairs of that variety. It is a plant con- fined to the mountain regions, growing on hillsides and in valleys, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. The variet}' stn'gosa is probably found in the eastern parts of the State, but I have seen no specimens. Montana: Dear Lodge, i8g>), Fydderg, 268p; Spanish Basin, 1896, FJudman, jj^; Pony Mts., July 6, 1S97, Rydberg & Bessey, 4400; Spanish Basin, July i, 4401; Beaver Head Co., 1888, TzL'Ccdy, 44. Potentilla glabrella Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 94 ; Potentilla Pennsylvanica glabrata Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 554 [Man. R. M. 84] ; not P. glabrata Lehm. In the mountains, on dr}' soil. Montana: 1890,,/. W. Blankcns/iip, 62. * Potentilla bipinnatifida Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 188 [Rydb. Mon. 99] . P. Pciinsxlvanica bipinnatifda Torr. & Gray, FI.'n. Am. I : 438. Resembles somewhat P. Pc.insxlvanica and has about the same distribution, but differs in the very narrowly linear segments of the leaves, which are silvery white, especially beneath. Montana: Cottonwood Creek, i8<^6, Flodnian, 555; Sheridan, 1892, Mrs. Fitch. * Potentilla pinnatisecta (Wats.) Aven Nelson, Bull. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Sta. 28 : 104 [Rydb. Mon. 106] ; Potentilla diversifolia pinnatisecta Wats. King's Exp. 5: 87. A near relative of P. Plattensis, but differing in the erect flowering stems and the more numerous and coarser hairy leaves. P. Plattensis is a native of the valleys south of our range, while P. pinnatisecta is an alpine plant, growing at an altitude of 2500-3200 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 215 Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 26go; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 5/p and SS'^'^ Spanish Peaks, 551; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.4.0^; East Boulder, 1887, Tweedy, ly; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Willianis, yjj; 1883, Canby, loi. Yellowstone Park: Amethyst Mt., 1885, Tzvecdy, 4J0. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 440J. * PotentillaMacouniiRydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : loi. Resembles the preceding species, but has broader leaflets, which are gra3'ish or whitish silky and slightly tomentose beneath. It grows at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, jj6 ; Cedar Moun- tain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4jg6 ; Bridger Mts., June 10, 4395 i Helena, 1882, F. Tzveedy. Potentilla Hippiana Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 7 [111. Fl. 2: 213; Man. R. M. 84; Rydb. Mon. 112]. This species belongs to the prairies and plains, perhaps reaching an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, yjd. Potentilla Hippiana propinqua Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 114 ; Potentilla diffusa Gra}', PI. Fendl. 41 ; not Willd. ; Potentilla Hippiana ptilckerrimaVf His. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 555, in part [Coulter R. M. 84, in part] . This is a depauperate form of P. Hippiana with more crowded leaflets and a less dense pubescence on the upper surface of the leaves. It is a low plant with ascending stems, in habit much unlike P. piil- cherrima, which it resembles in the form of the leaves. It is a com- paratively rare plant, growing in dryer soil and perhaps extending farther up into the mountains. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodnian, jjg; Cottonwood Creek, j6o. Potentilla effusa Dougl. ; Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2 : 8 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 437; Man. R. M. 84; 111. Fl. 2: 214; Rydb. Mon. 114]. A plant growing on dry plains or hills, extending in the dryer valleys up to an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Cottonwood Creek, 1896, Flodman, j^y; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4398; Bridger Mts., June 14, ^jpp; Little Rocky Mts., i8S(), Dr. Havard ; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, 18; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 43. 2l6 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Horkelia Gordonii Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 5 : 341 [Rydb. Men. 151] ; Ivesia GordoniiToxx. & Gray, Pac. R. R. Rep. 6: 72 [Man. R. U. 86: Bot. Cal. i: 183]. Horkelia and Ivesia have been distinguished by two characters, viz., dilated filaments and numerous pistils in Horkelia and filiform filaments and few pistils in Ivesia. These distinctions do not hold, however, as there are species in both genera which have dilated stamens and few pistils ; it is, therefore, best to regard them as one genus. Horkelia Gordonii \s a subalpine plant, growing at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, June 14-15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 434-g and 4351; Northern Montana, 1883, F. IV. Ander- son; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson ; Boulder Creek, 1883, Scribner, 45^- Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzueedy, pj ; Stinking Water, 1873, C. C. Parry, p6. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg c£- Bessey, 4330. Argentina Anserina (L.) Rydberg, Mem, Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 159; Potentilla Anserina L. Sp. PI. 495? Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 444 [Man. R. M. 86; 111. Fl. 2 : 216; Bot. Cal. i: 180]. Argentina differs from Potentilla in the lateral style, the amphi- tropous, ascending ovules and the general habit. The genus was first separated by Lamarck in 1778, and was accepted by a subgenus by Torrey and Gray in 1840. A. Anserina grows in w^et places, up to an altitude of perhaps 2500 m. Montana: Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Math; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 660. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, gg (a very slender, small- leaved and small-fiowered form, with narrowly obovate petals, grow- ing in brackish soil) ; 1885, 466. * Argentina Anserina grandis (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 161 ; Potentilla Anserina grandis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 444. Leaves 3-4 dm. long, erect, the leaflets and flowers larger than in the species. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Plod/nan, 380; 1854, Hay den ^ 130. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 217 * Comarum palustre L. Sp. PL 502 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 447; Rydb. Mon. 162; 111. Fl. 2: 217]; PotentiUa ^alustris Scop. Fl. Carn. Ed. 2, 359 [Bot. Cal. i : 180J. A swamp plant with dark green pinnate leaves, the leaflets oblong, purple acuminate petals, a somewhat fleshy receptacle in fruit, and lateral styles. It ascends up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Columbia I'alls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 62J. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydherg & Bcsscy, 4344. Fragaria bracteata Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25 : 194 [Rydb. Mon. 175] ; Fragai'ia vesca Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 184, in part [Wats. King's Exp. 5: 85 ; Man. R. M. 83 ; Bot. Cal. i : 177] ; not L. The European R. vesca is not a native of America and is only spar- ingly introduced in the East. It is replaced in America by two wild species: R. Americana (Porter) Britton, which growls from New- foundland and Virginia to New Mexico, and may be found in the canons of Eastern Montana ; and R. bracteata, occurring from Brit- ish Columbia and California to New Mexico. The former differ from R. vesca in being less hairy and having very thin leaves ; both have the sepals reflexed in fruit. R. bracteata differs from both in the sepals, which are erect or merely spreading in fruit, and in the scape which nearly always bears an elliptic unifoliolate leaf. It is not uncommon in the mountain region, at an altitude of 1000- 2000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4332; Bridger Mts., June 14-18, 4333, 4334 and 4335; Spanish Basin, 1896, Rlodman, 3^2; 1893, J/r5. Moore; Lo-Lo Canon, 1880, Wat- son, 112, in part. Fragaria platypetala Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 177 ; Rragaria Virginiana Illinoensis Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 177 [Man. R. M. 83] ; not Gray. The eastern variety to which this has been referred is found from Ohio to Kansas, and R. -platypetala from British Columbia and Cali- fornia to Wyoming. The latter is to be distinguished by its very large petals, longer looser and fewer hairs and the more or less 'glaucous leaves ; it differs from the next species by the spreading hairs of the scape. Extends up into the mountains to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4836; Bridger Mts., June 14-17, 4337 and 4339; 1894, 3frs. Moore. 2l8 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Fragaria glauca (Wats.) Rvdb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 56 [Rydb. Mon. 2: 183]; Fragaria Virginiana var. (?) glauca Wats. King's Exp. 5: 85 [Man. R. M.^83]. Characterized by the appressed pubescence of the scape and the glaucous generally glabrate obovate leaflets. It ascends in the mountains to an altitude of 2500 m., growing in open places. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 11, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4338; Spanish Basin, June 28, 4341: Sheridan, 1892, Mrs. Fitch; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson ; Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, 2; Mis- soula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 4340. * Fragaria pauciflora Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 183. Differs from F. glauca in the few-flowered scape, the narrow cuneate leaflets and in the fruit, which is smaller and very deeply pitted, the pits large and fully twice as deep as the height of the achenes. It grows among bushes, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1895, Flodnian, jgo ; Bozeman, jp/j- Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4343. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 10, i8gy, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4342. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sp. PI. 284 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i: 433; Man. R. M. 86; 111. Fl. 2 : 217; Bot. Cal.i: 180: Rvdb. Mon. 185]. In Montana a strictly alpine plant, growing at an altitude of over 3000 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4347; Pony Mts., July 7, 434S ; Little Belt Mts., iQg6, Flodman, 379 ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson, Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, 364; Granite, 1892, F. D. Kelsey, Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, I ; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 60; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 43 f, McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby. 103. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy, a; Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, 12. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 188; Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. PI. 495 [Man. R. M. 86; Ilk Fl. 2: 215; Bot. Cal. i: 180]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 219 The genus is distinguished from Potentilla by the club-shaped lateral style, hairy achenes, shrubby habit and adnate scarious stip- ules. It was treated as a subgenus under Potentilla by Torrey and Gray. In wet places, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Deer Lodge, 1891, F. D. Kelscy ; Indian Creek, 1884, Tzveedy ; Teton River, 1883, Scribner, ^5. *Dasiphora fruticosa tenuifolia (Willd.) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 190 ; Potentilla tenuifolia Willd. ; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 7 : 284 ; Potentilla fruticosa tenuifolia Lehm. Monog. 31. Leaflets narrow, more revolute ; flowers smaller. It grows gen- erally among rocks, but sometimes also in moist ground ; it ascends in the mountains to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg; & Bcssey, 4346; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, j8i ; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, 12. Yellowstone Park: 1883, 3fiss Mary Comfton; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1897, F. H. Burglehaus. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4345. Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 192; Potentilla arguta Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 736 [111. Fl. 2 : 209 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 445 ; Man. R. M. 83] . The genus differs from Potentilla in the basal style, ascending and orthotropous seeds, stamens which are arranged in festoons on a thick fleshy disk, and flat anthers. D. arguta belongs to the Eastern United States and the prairie region, but a few specimens which must be referred to it have been collected in Montana. It is found in the valleys, not exceeding an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Northern Montana, F. W. Anderson; Bozeman, 1884, Tweedy ( ? ). * Drymocallis convallaria Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 193 ; Potentilla convallaria Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 249. Differs from D. arguta in the smaller flowers, elongated and more glandular inflorescence and less hairy foliage. From D. glan- dulosa, which it most resembles in habit, it is separated by the white or cream-colored petals and the narrow inflorescence. It grows in rich valleys at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. 2 20 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Elk Mts., 1896, Flodman, 602; Spanish Basin, 6oj ; Bozeman, 60^; Bridger Mts., 6o_^ ; Jack Creek, July 14-15, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4352 and 4333; Spanish Basin, June 23-28, 4354^ 4355^ 4356 and 4338; Bridger Mts., June 17, 4337; Boze- man, 1887, 7\i'cedv, 12; Smith River, 1883, Scrihner, 42. * Drymocallis pseudorupestris R3-dberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Cohimbia Univ. 2: 194; Potciitilla pseudorupestris Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 250; Potentilla glandulosa JVevadensis Wats. Bot. Cal. I : 178, in part. Resembles somewhat the preceding, but the plant is low, only 1-3 dm. high, the cyme open, with ascending branches and few large white flowers, and the leaves small and very glandular. It is an alpine plant, growing at an altitude of 2500-3200 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., id>(^6, jFlodnia}i, 3^8, 3gg and 601; Spanish Basin, 600; Bridger Mts., June 15 and 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 433^ and 4361 ; Pony, July 7, 4362; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 4364; Spanish Basin, June 24, 4360; Yogo, 1888, R. S. ]ViI- liajiis, 734; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson ; Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. D. Traphageii. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 469. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4363. * Drymocallis pseudorupestris intermedia. Taller and less glandular than the species, sometimes 5 dm. high ; growing at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jg^ J Ji^me 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4363. * Drymocallis glutinosa (Nutt.) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 196; Potentilla glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 446. Like D. glandulosa, but stouter and with much larger flowers. It belongs to the region west of the Rockies, but the following speci- men is doubtfully referred here. Montana: Bridger Mts,, 1896, Flodman, 3g6. Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Colum- bia Univ. 2: 198; Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1383 [Man. R. M. 83 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 446]. Rather rare in valleys and on hillsides, at an altitude of about 2000 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN.. 221 Montana: Spanish Basin, July 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, ^366; Granite, 1892, F. D. Kelsey. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tivcedy, loi. * Drymocallis fissa (Nutt.) Rydberg, Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 197 ; Potentilla fissa Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Kxw. i: 446. Like D. giandulosa, but low, 2-3 dm. high, with a dense cyme and large flowers 15-20 mm. in diameter. It belongs mainl}^ to a more southerly region ; growing in the mountains at an altitude of over 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: 1885, C. W. Lettennan, ij6. Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge ; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i: 429 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 433; Man. R. M. 86; Rydberg, Mon. 205] ; Stbbaldia erecta L. Sp. PI. 284. Dry plains, at an altitude of 1000-2000 rn. Montana: Park Co., 1889, Tzveedy ; Cottonwood Creek, 1896, Flodmaii, 6oy ; Hounds Creek, 1883, Scribner, jy ; Madison Valley, 187 1, Flavdcii. Geum strictum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 : 207 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 421 ; Man. R. M. 82 ; HI. Fl. 2 : 221] . Among bushes and in damp meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg d- Besscy, 4.40'/; Spanish Basin, June 21,, 4406; Cottonwood, 1892, W. T. S/iazv ; Swimming Women Creek, 1882, Canby. * Geum Oregonense (Scheutz) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 56 ; Geum iirbaniim Oregonense Scheutz, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. 7: 26. In habit intermediate between G. macrofhylhini and G. stricttun; differs from both in its smaller and lighter yellow petals, smaller heads of achenes and glandular-puberulent lower portion of the styles. It is the most common species in Montana, growing in meadows up to an altitude of 2700 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4412; Bridger Mts., June 10-18, 4410 and 441 1 ; Spanish Basin, June 28, 440Q; Jack Creek, July 15, 4408; Deer Lodge, Miss Emma Ware; Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy, 7; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, jg. Yellowstone Park: Tower Falls, 1885, F. Tzueedy. Geum rivale L. Sp. PI. 501 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 422; Man. R. M. 82; 111. Fl. 2: 219]. 222 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In swamps up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4413; \'$><^6, Flodman^ 610; Bozeman, 1886, Tweedy, iiSy (per- haps a hydrid with G. Oregonense); Deer Lodge, Miss E. Ware; Neihart, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^7; Jefferson City, 1883, Scrihner, 4.0 b; Ross' Hole, 1880, WafsoJi. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) G. Don. Gard. Diet. 2 : 528 ; Gcuiii ciliatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i : 352 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 425 ; 111. Fl. 2: 219] ; Genm Irifioruin Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 736 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 423 ; Man. R. M. 82 ; Bot. Cal. i: 176]. Common throughout the mountain regions, growing most com- monly on hillsides, at an altitude of 1000-1300 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Trafhagen; Little Belt Mts., iS()6, Flodtnan, 6og; Bridger Mts., June 11, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4415; Jack Creek, July 14, 4414; Butte, 1896, J. F. Kenif; Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scrib)ier, 40a. Yellowstone Park: 1886, Francis Hall; 1883, Mis? Mary Comfton ; 1885, Tzveedy, 4J4; Miss Frances Hobson. Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene, Pittonia, 4: 50; Genm turbina- tttm Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 91 ; Genm Ross ii Tow. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 424, in part [Man. R. M. 82]. Neither S. Rossii nor /itDiiilis are found in the Rocky Mountains. The former is an Arctic plant and the latter has only been collected on the island of Unalaska. S. tiirbinatum differs in the turbinate hypanthium (so-called calyx) and the much smaller flowers. It is an alpine or subalpine plant, growing among rocks on the mountain sides, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. In the subalpine regions it often becomes 2-3-flowered and fully 2 dm. high; on the highest mountain top it is only a few cm. high and always one-flowered. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, 608; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, Rydberg & Bessey, 4417 ; Indian Creek, July 24, 4416; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, Tweedy, iig4; Hell Roaring Creek, Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, g; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, gg; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 40; Odell's, 1880, Watson, no; Belt Mts., 1883, Canby, 40. Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voy. 337 [Man. R. M. 81; 111. Fl. 2: 223; Bot. Cal. i: 175]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAE GARDEN. 223 No specimens from Montana have been seen by the author, but the species is common in the Black Hills and northern Wyoming and is probably to be found in the Little Missouri region of the state. Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 427 [Man. R. M. 80; Bot. Cal. i: 174]. On dr}^ hillsides and mountains, at an altitude of 2000-3000 ni. A shrub, 2-5 m. high, with very hard wood. It is known as " Moun- tain Mahogany." Montana: Madison Co., 1888, Tzvccdy, 77; Ennis, 1886, 11^2; Helena, 1892, Kelscy, Madison River, 1883, Sc?-ib}ier, jyb. * Cercocarpus intricatus Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 346. Like the preceding, but a low intricately branched shrub with narrowly linear strongl}^ revolute leaves. It grows on dry hills, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Rydbcrg; 26gj. Dryas octopetala L. Sp. PI. 501 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 420; Man. R. M. 81; 111. Fl. 2: 222]. An alpine plant, growing on the tops of the highest peaks, at an altitude of over 3000 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 44.18; East Boulder, 1887, Tzueedy, j ; Beaver Head Creek, 1888, g4; McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, gj. Yellowstone Park : Mt. Holmes, 1884, F. Tiucedy, p^. * Dryas Drummondii Richards. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. /. 2gy2 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 420; 111. Fl. 2: 223]. Resembles much the preceding species, but has yellow petals and ovate sepals, which are densely black-hairy. At an altitude of 1200- 3000 m. Montana: Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson, iiy; Blackfoot River and Flathead River, 1883, Canby, 26; Flathead River, 1861, Lyall. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. ; Steud. Nom. i : 669 ; Tigarea tridentata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 33 ; Piirshia tridentata DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 158 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 428; Man. R. M. 80; Bot. Cal. i: 173]. Grows on dry hills, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Willow Creek, Madison Co., July 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, (^^ , Rydberg d- Bessey, ^^2j and 4428; Neihart, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, 8ji ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Torn Miner Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, 4; Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scribner, ^ga. Crataegus rivularis Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 464 [Man. R. M. 88; Bot. Cal. i: 189]. A rather rare plant growing in canons, at an altitude of 1500— 2500 m. Montana: Priest's Pass, 1892, R. D. Kelsey (small-leaved form) ; Flathead River, 1883, Canby, no. Crataegus brevispina Dougl. ; Steud. Xom. Ed. 2, i : 432 ; Cra- taegus punctata (i brevispina Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 201 ; Crataegus Dougiasii Lindl. Bot. Reg. /. 1810 [Man. R. M. 88; Bot. Cal. i: 189]. The most common of' the hawthorns in Montana, growing on river banks, in canons, etc., at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: .Bozeman, 1886, F. Tweedy, iigo and iigi ; Galla- tin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman Canon, 1892, W. T. Shaiu ; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. E. Muth; Deep Creek, 1890, R. S. Williams, _yj2 ; Bozeman, 1883, Canby, log. (? )Crataegus coccinea L. Sp. PI. 476 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 465 ; Man. R. M. 89; 111. Fl. 2: 242]. In the specimens seen from Montana the leaves have less pointed teeth and are more puberulent, and the fruit is smaller than in the eastern tree. It may be a distinct species. Apparently the same 228 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. form was collected by me in the sand hills of Nebraska in 1893, no. JS28. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Willianis, ^ji. * Crataegus macracantha Lodd ; Loudon, Arb. Brit. Ed. 2, 2: 819 [111. Fl. 2: 243]. Resembles C. coccinea, but has generally broader leaves, which are subcordate at the base, and very large thorns 5-10 cm. long. It belongs rather to the prairie region, but extends up in the moun- tains to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1886, P. Koch, 1188 and ii8g; 1886, Tweedy; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, 10; Great Falls, 1886, 7^. W. Anderson, IJJ. *(? )Crataegus flabellata (Spach) ; Mesfihis fahcUata Spach, Hist. Veg. 2 : 63 ; Crataegus coccinea jlabellata Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 183 [111. Fl. 2: 242]. Nearest related to C. coccinea, but differs in the form and ser- ration of the leaves, which are cuneate at the base, sharply incised and thick and shining when old. One specimen that apparently be- longs here has been collected in western Montana. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 87"/. * Crataegus tomentosa L. Sp. PI. 476 [111. Fl. 2: 244]. Resembles C. niacracantJia and C. coccinea, but the leaves are oval and more or less pubescent beneath. Montana: Dearborn River, 1883, Scribucr, ^g. Amelanchier alnifolia Xutt. Jour. Phila. Acad. Sci. 7: 22 [Man. R. M. 89; 111. Fl. 2: 239; Bot. Cal. i : 190] ; Aronia alnifolia Nutt. Gen. i : 306. The description of this species is somewhat vague in Coulter's Manual probably owing to the fact that it covers the next two species and perhaps also A. UtaJiense. Tlie leaves of A. alnifolia are always thin, broadly elliptic or rounded, often subcordate at the base and generally truncate at the apex, serrate only on the up- per half, and glabrate or nearh' so. It is a shrub 2-5 m. high, grow- ing in canons, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1889,/^. D. Kelsey ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 545; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Besseyy 4432; Bridger Mts., June 1^,4431; Picnic Canon, Helena, 1892, Brandegee ; Deer Lodge, Emma Ware. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 229 * Amelanchier pumila Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 474, as synonym ; Amelanchier Canadensis s punii/a Torr. & Gray 1. c. A low bush, 1-2 meters high, with rounded thick leaves, which are sharply serrate all around and glabrous. Grows on dry hillsides, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4430. * Amelanchier florida Lindle}-, Bot. Reg. /. ijSg; Amelanchie?- ovalis (i senii-i)itegyifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 202. It is probable that Hooker's name is slightly older. His Flora was issued in parts; the first volume was issued between 1830 and 1833, but the exact date I cannot ascertain. The plate 1589 of the Botan- ical Register was published in June, 1833. Amelanckie?- Jiorida resembles A. alnifolia in size, but the leaves are narrower, oblong or oval, serrate only at the apex and white woolly when young. It grows at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Forks of Madison, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 442Q; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, j8j ; Sheridan, 1892, H, M. Fitch. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. * Amelanchier Utahense Koehne, Berlin Oestern. 32 : 2. Like A. alnifolia, but with smaller thicker and tomentose leaves. It grows in the mountains, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Fort Ellis to Yellowstone, 187 1, Robert Adams. PAPILIONACEAE. Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richardson, Frankl. Jour. App. 737 [Man. R. M. 52; 111. Fl. 2: 265]; Cytisus rhombifolia Nutt. Frazer's Cat. On dry sunn}- plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, F. W. Anderson, j6 ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams^ loi ; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Fannie Harzvood ; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. Thermopsis montana Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 388 [Man. R. M. 52; Bot. Cal. i: 114]. In rich meadows throughout the mountain regions, up to an alti- tude of 2500 m. It is regarded as a forage plant, making fairly good hay if cut young. 230 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Port Benton, John Pearsall, g2j (Lt. Mullan's Exped.) ; Helena, 1891, /^. D. Kelsey ; Melrose, 1895, C. L. Shear, 544; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzvecdy, 211; Mrs. Ames; Mrs. Bartlet; Ennis, 1886, Tweedy^ loji; East Gallatin Swamps, iS^6^ J. H. Flodman, 614; Pony, July 8, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bes- sey, 4438; Madison River, 1883, Scribncr, igb; Grasshopper Val- ley, 1880, Watson. *Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1096 [Bot. Cal. i: 117; Wats. Rev. 524 * ]. Like L. Burkci, but with longer petioles and short deciduous bracts. Only in the western part of the state. Montana: Flathead Lake, 1883, Canhv, 66: Blackfoot River, 65- *Lupinus Wyethii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. Like L. Burkei and L. polyphyllus, but with ascending less leafy stem and setaceous stipules. Montana: Flathead, IVyeth: Sun River, 1883, Scrihner, 20. Lupinus Burkei Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525 [Man. R. ]\L 53; Bot. Cal. i: 118]. In damp places among bushes, on creek banks, etc., in the moun- tain region, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore: Spanish Basin, 1896, J. H. Flodman, 61 S ; June 26, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 443 g; Lo-Lo, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Turbid Lake, 1885, Txcecdy, 343; Falls, 187 1, R. Adams. Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13 : pi. 1124 [Man. R. M. 53; Bot. Cal. i: 119; Wats. Rev. 529]. In open meadows, at an altitude of about 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1887, Tzveedy, 123; 1886, io6j; Man- hattan, 1895, Rydberg, 26^6. * Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 468 [Bot. Cal. i: 119; Wats. Rev. 529]. On prairies, plains and the dryer meadows. Altitude, 1000-2000 m. This species resembles L. leucophyllus in general habit, but the spike is longer-peduncled, more lax, shorter, and with fewer and larger flowers. *Watson, Revision of Lupinus in Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 517-548. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 231 Montana: Great Falls, 1891,7?. S. Williams, y^z; Lewis and Q\?,xY& Co., Mrs. Math; Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. Traphagen; Boze- man, 1886, Tzvccdy, 126 and io6p; ElkMts., 1896, Flodman,6i6; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4446a; Indian Creek, July 21, 4446; Bridger Mts., June 11, 4444- Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, ^8. *Lupinus Hellerae Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 265. In sandy soil, at an altitude of 1000-1500 m. It resembles L. sericeiis in flowers and leaves, but the stem is much lower, bearing only one or two stem leaves and many basal ones. The habit is therefore more like the western L. Icp/dus Dougl. Montana: Belt Mts., 1888, R. S. Williams, J41 ; Deer Lodge, 1888, Traphagcn (the latter specimen more loosely hairy than the type). Lupinus decumbens Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 191 ; Lupintis argentetls d€Cumhens\N:i{s. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 532 [Man. R. M. 54]. Open prairies and plains, at an aUitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 128; Cottonwood Creek, 127. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone River, 1884, Tzveedy, 61; Mirror Lake, 1885, j4j. Lupinus argenteus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 468 [Man. R. M. 53 ; 111. Fl. 2: 269; Bot. Cal. i: 121; Wats. Rev. 532]. Open prairies and hills, common, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. It is doubtful whether the name L. argenteus belongs to this species or the preceding. The species so named here is without any ques- tion, however, the same as L. tenelhis Nutt., and the latter has al- ways been regarded as a s3-nonym of L. argenteus. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Dolman; Highwood Moun- tains, 1888, R.S. Williams, 100; Bozeman, 1882, Tzveedy, 178; Spanish Basin, 1896, Fiodmrn, 6ig; Little Bi^lt Mountains, 620; Forks of the Madison, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4^43; Shields River, 1883, Scribner, 20a. Yellowstone Park: 1883, J//55 Mary Compton; 1873, C. C. Parry, j6. Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14://. 1140 [Man. R. M. 53 ; Bot. Cal. i : 121 ; Wats. Rev. 531]. 232 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Meadows, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydbej-g & Bessey, 4442; Bridger Mountains, June 14, 444J ; Bozeman, 1883, Scribncr, 20b. Lupinus parviflorus Xutt. ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 336 [Man. R. M. 53 ; Bot. Cal. i : 120 ; Wats. Rev. 531]. Meadows, rare, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Forks of the Madison, July 16,^ 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4440. * Lupinus pseudoparviflorus. Stems several from a woody caudex, 3-6 dm. high, striate, finely silky-strigose, rather leafy, slender and erect ; stipules lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, early deciduous; petioles slender, the lower about twice as long as the leaves; leaflets 8-10, oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, acute or mucronate, finely silky-strigose beneath, glabrate above; raceme 1-1.5 ^""^- ^o"S' loosely flowered; bracts almost subulate, a little longer than the pedicels, very early deciduous ; pedicels and calyx densely appressed-silky, very gibbous or gen- erally somewhat spurred above; banner very broad, blue, slightly lighter in the center ; wings and keel light bkie with darker veins, the former a little longer than the banner; corolla about i cm. long, perfectly glabrous ; ovary hairy ; ovules 4-6. Nearest related to L. parz'ifiorus, from which it differs mainly in the narrower leaves and in the pubescence and form of the calyx. In L. farvljioriis the leaves are mostly obovate and rounded and mucronate at the apex, and the calyx is villous with spreading pu- bescence, and has no indication of a spur. In open woods, at an altitude of 2000-2-300 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, June 17, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcs- sey, 4441 (type) ; Spanish Basin, 1896, J. H. Flodman, 61 j; 1886, Tweedy, 1068; Trail Creek, 1887, I2g; Highwood Moun- tains, 1888, R. S. Williams, J44. * Lupicus monticola. Stems numerous from a branched, woody caudex, 1-2 dm. high, grayish strigose or occasionally with more loose pubescence, leafy ; stipules linear-lanceolate, 0.5-1 cm. long; lower petioles some- what exceeding the leaves, the upper often much shorter ; leaflets 7-9, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, acute or acuminate, gray- ish silky-stigose or somewhat hoary on both sides ; raceme 2,-6 cm. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAI. GARDEN. 233 long, rather densely flowered ; bracts 5-8 mm. long, narrowly linear- lanceolate or often nearly subulate, about twice as long as the pedi- cels and almost as long as the calyx, silky-villous ; calyx silky-vil- vous, only slightly gibbose above, the lower lip entire, the upper one 2-cleft; corolla 8-10 mm. long, glabrous; banner very broad, dark blue with a light brown gibbosity in the middle, exceeded by the dark blue wings, which are united in front ; keel lighter colored, except the tip, strongly curved ; ovary silky ; ovules 4-6. Among loose rocks, on alpine peaks of southern Montana, at an altitude of 2700-3300 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bessey, 4.44y (type) ; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mountains, July 7, 444^: Gal- latin Peak, 1886, Tzvecdy, 1070; Belt Mountains, 1886, F. IV. An- derson. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4450; Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tzvcedy, jp and 60; Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, 22. Lupinus Lyallii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334 [Man. R. M. 53; Wats. Rev. 534; Bot. Cal. i: 122]. This species is recorded from the Bitter Root Mountains by Coulter. Lupinus aridus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 : 1242 [Man. R. M. 52 ; Wats. Rev. 533; Bot. Cal. i: 122]. Montana: Sources of Missouri (according to Coulter); Grass- hopper Valley, 1880, Watson. Lupinus caespitosus Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 379 [Man. R. M. 52 ; Wats. Rev. 533]. Mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Miss Mary Compton; Mt. Wash- burn, 1884, Tzvecdy, 62; East DeLacy's Creek, Jul}^ 10, 1897, Rydbcrg (S: Besscy, 44^1 ; Yellowstone Falls, 1873, C. C. Parry, is- Lupinus pusillus Pursh, Fl. x\m. Sept. 468 [Man. R. M. 54; 111. Fl. 2: 270; Wats. Rev. 538; Bot. Cal. i: 125]. Prairies, plains and the lower hills, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, F. W. Anderson, 80; 1888, R. S. Williams, 214; Stillwater, 1889, Tzvecdy, j ; Gardiner, 1885, J44; Fridley, 1887, 124; Custer Co., Afrs. I.ig/il ; Missoula, 1898, M^illiaws ct- Griffith. Medicago sativa L. Sp. PI. 778 [Man. R. M. 54 ; Bot. Cal. i : 132 ; 111. Fl. 2: 272]. 234 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. The Alfalfa is extensively cultivated in Montana, and is occasion- ally found escaped. *Melilotus alba Desv. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. 4: 6^ [Bot. Cal. i: 132 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 273]. Escaped from cultivation or introduced. Montana: Helena, 1892, jF. D. Kelsey. * Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 2 : 594 [Bot. Cal. i : 132 ; 111. Fl. 2: 274] ; Trifoliiim Melilotus officinalis L. Sp. PI. 765. Escaped from cultivation or introduced. Montana: Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth- Suppl. 5: 336; Liipinaster inacrocephalttsVursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 479 ; Trifolium mcgacephalum Nutt. Gen. 2 : 105 [Man. R. M. 54; Bot. Cal. I : 127]. Montana: Headwaters of Missouri (according to Coulter). Trifolium pratense L. Sp. PI. 768 [Man. R. M. 54; Bot. Cal. i: 128; 111. Fl. 2: 276]. The Red Clover is extensively cultivated in Montana, and occa- sionally found escaped. Montana: Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman. * Trifolium Beckwithii Brewer: Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 128 [Bot. Cal. i: 128; 111. Fl. 2: 277]. The Wild Red Clover is one of the best native forage plants of the state, and where found in quantity produces fine hay. It is a near relative of T. Kingii, but is a larger plant, with shorter heads and less reflexed flowers. In meadows, at an altitude of 1500- 2500 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., Mrs. Alice Barrett; Big Hole River, 1888, Tweedy, j; Dillon, 1895, C. L. Shear, 338; Ana- conda, 1892, Kelsey; Twin Bridges, /(?//;/ Wilhart ; Bannock City, 1880, n7?/5ponicus (^Oxytropis Lapfonicd) of Europe. Within the region it grows at an altitude of over 3000 m. Yellowstone Park : Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tzuecdy, yS. * Onobrychis Onobrychis (L.) ; Iledysarum Onobrychis L. Sp. PL 75i» 1753 ? Onobrychis saliva Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: 652, 1778. The Espasute, a plant with bright red flqwers and lomentaceous pod, is cultivated in many places, especially in the Deer Lodge Val- ley, and sometimes escapes. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydbcrg; 2-/ og. Hedysarum Americanum Britt. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 201 [111. Fl. 2: 301] ; Jlcdvsariun alpinutn Americanum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 74; H. boreale Nutt. Gen. 2 : no [Man. R. M. 72]. In mountain woods in the northern part of the state. Montana: Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. MutJi : Jocko Range, 1880, Watson. * Hedysarum lancifolium. Stout, over lialf a meter high ; stem striate, sparingly strigose, in age glabrate ; lower stipules large, broadly lanceolate, brown, 1-2 cm. long, the upper small, linear-lanceolate ; leaves about 15 cm. long, with 6-10 pairs of leaflets, these lanceolate, acute, mucronate, about 3 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, slightly strigose or glabrate ; racemes about 2 dm. long, lax ; bracts linear-subulate, about 5 mm. long ; calyx-tube 3 mm. long, oblique, low^er lobes about 2.5 mm. long, lanceolate-subulate; corolla about 15 mm. long, purplish rose; lo- ments with 2-4 joints, these broadl}'^ oval, 12-15 mm. long and about 8 mm. wide, decidedly wing-margined, somewhat strigose. INIEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 257 In the size and color of the flowers it resembles H. Mackcnzii, but it has the short calyx-teeth of H. Aincricaiiwn, although they are more slender. The general habit is that of the latter but the leaflets are longer and more decidedly lanceolate. The joints of the fruit are almost twice as long as in II. Americaimin and with an evident wing-margin. In mountain woods. Montana: Headwater of Jocko River, 1883, Canhy, gj. Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24 : 253; Hcdysariiin favcsccns Coulter & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18 : 300 ; not Regel & Schm. Like //. Americamtni^ but with sulphur-yellow flowers. On moun- tain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Havard; Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzveedy, 21J ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2J20; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 6jo; Bridger Mts., 6ji ; Jack Creek Caiion, July 15, 1897, Rydbcrg & Besscy, 4308 ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 4507 ; Bear Creek, 1887, Tzaccdy, iiy ; Tiger Butte, 1887, R. S. Williains, g2 ; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, gj ; Cut Bank Creek, gj ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, ji. Yellowstone Park; Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tzvecdy, 72; Slough Creek, 1885, SS^^- Hedysarum Mackenzii Richards. Frankl. Journ. 745 [Man. R. M. 72; 111. Fl. 2: 311]. On mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 19, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bcssey, 4Sog; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tit'cedy, 214.; Billings, 1882, Canby; Six- teen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, j2. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzucedy, yj ; Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tweedy, 55/. * Hedysarum cinerascens ; Hedysarum canescens Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 357, 1838; not L. 1753. Like the last, but minutely canescent and generally with narrower leaves. At an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2721; Park Co., 1889, Tweedy; Trail Creek, 1887, n^; Belt Canon, 1887, R. S. Wil- liams, gi. Yellowstone Park : Soda Butte, 1885, Tweedy, ^^i. 258 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Vicia truncata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 270; l^ia'a Americana truncata Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 158 [Man. R. M. 72; 111. Fl. 2: 329; Bot. Cal. i: 158]. Along streams, at an altitude of 1000—2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, June 11 and 14, iSc^"] , jRydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4jI0 and 4511 : Park Co., 1889, Tzvecdy ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey ; 1891, S. A. Mcrritt; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. L/'oht. Vicia Americana Muhl, ; Willd. Sp. Pi. 3: 1096 [111. Fl. 2: 326; Bot. Cal. i: 157; Man. R. M. 72]. On prairies, reaching an altitude of 2500 m. ; rare. Montana : Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Miss Mary Conipton. Vicia linearis (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 3 [111. Fl. 2: 326]; La- thy rus linearis ^wX.'i. ; Torr. & Grav, Fl. N. Am. i : 276; ]^icia Americana linearis S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 134 [Man. R. M. 72; Bot. Cal. i: 158J. On prairies, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Shear, J62; I^ydbcrg; 21 iS: F. W. Traphageii; Helena, 1895, Fydbcrg, 2^22; Bozeman, 1885, Tzveedy,jS2; 1882, 1^4; Great Falls, 1SS5, R. S. Williams, 6j2; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shazu. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. 11. Hall. * Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 159 [111. Fl. 2: 332]- Characterized by its cream-colored large flowers, large and broad leaflets, and large stipules. Up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Highw^ood Caiion, 1888, R. S. Williams, 748; Mis- soula Co., Mrs. Kennedy: Flathead 'River, 1883, II. B. Ayres, LXIX. * Lathyrus Shaffneri ; Lathyrus f>a)-vi/olitis\N^{s. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 345, 1882: not Roth. 1797. Near L. venosus, but with narrower leaves. Montana: Missoula Co.; 3/rs. Kennedy-, Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Murphy (leaves very narrow-). MALVACEAE. Sphaeialcea rivularis (Hook.) Torr.; Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. (II.) 4:23 [Man. R. M. 42] ; Sphaeralcca accrifolia Nutt: Torr. & MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 259 Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 228 [Syn. Fl. i' : 317] ; Malva rivularis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 107. In woods and canons, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana:. Bozeman, 1895, Rydbcrg; 2y2j ; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Bydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4524.; Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, Syi ; Gallatin Caiion, 1886, Tzvccdy ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgeman; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, T'ztrrr/r, 436. Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. (H.) 4: 21 [111. Fl. 2 : 421 ; Man. R. M. 41 ; Syn. Fl. i' : 313] ; Chrisiaria coccinea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 454. Dry prairies, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1888 and 1891, F. D. Kelsey ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, iig; Cinnabar, 1884, Tzueedy, jog; Gardiner, 1885, 4js; Bozeman, 1887, 230; Madison Co., 3frs. McNulty ; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. HYPERICACEAE. Hypericum formosum H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 196 [Syn. Fl. i' : 289] ; Hypericum Scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor Am. i : 11 1 [Bot. Cal. i: 81; Man. R. M. 40]. Meadows, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Meadow Creek, July 12, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bcsscy, 4323; East Boulder, 1887, Tzcccdy, 231; Great Fall, 1886, F. W. Anderson, 63 ; Priest's Pass, 1891, F. D. Kclscy ; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Helena, 1894, E. Douglass; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. T. ^//fi::^'; Beaver Creek, 1894, E. Eoiiglass ; R.oss' Hole, 1880, Watson. * Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Sch. Linnaea, 3: 127 [Bot. Cal. I : 81 ; Syn. Fl. i^ : 289]. A small plant, often forming mats, with small leaves 4-12 mm. long, 15-20 stamens and i-celled capsules. Wet grounds, at low altitudes. Montana : Lo-Lo Creek, 1880, Watson. ELATINACEAE. Elatine triandra Schk. Handb. i: 345 [Man. R. M. 40; Syn. Fl. i': 281; 111. Fl. 2: 438]. 26o MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. In shallow pools, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sphynx, 1887, Tvjccdy, lyj. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tzceedy, ^08. Elatine Americana Arn. Edinb. Journ. Nat. & Geogr. Sci. i : 430' [Man. R. M. 40: Syn. Fl. i^ : 281; 111. Fl. 2: 437; Bot. CaL i: 80]. In shallow pools. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Willianis, 8j^. * Elatine rubella. Whole plant reddish, low and depressed ; stems scarceh' more than 5 mm. long; leaves broadly obovate-spatulate, flesh}', about 2 mm., long; flowers 3-merous ; pod depressed globose, 3-celled 1.5 mm. in diameter ; seeds similar to those of S. A?ftericaua. It may be a form of £. Americana^ but the plant is much smaller, the leaves very fleshy, and the flowers 3-merous. In volcanic sand, at the edge of a pool. Yellowstone Park: near Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tzvccdyy '439- * Elatine Williamsii. Stem 3-5 cm. long, rather slender; leaves broadly spatulate, distinctly petioled, 5-8 mm. long, including the petiole, thin, indis- tinctly 3-nerved ; flowers 4-merous, on pedicels 1-2 mm. long ; seeds curved into a hook, less than 0.5 mm. long, with numerous transverse lines. Nearest related to JS. Califoniica, but more slender, with thinner leaves and much smaller seeds. In £. Califoniica they are almost I mm. lon(j. The habit is more like that of E. triandra. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 189 1, R. S. Williams, 8jj; Missoula, 1898, Williaiiis & Griffith. VIOLACEAE. Viola cognata Greene, Pittonia, 3: 145; Viola ciicullata Coulter, Man. R. M. 29; not Ait.; V. palmata ciicuUata Gray, Syn.. Fl. i^ : 196, in part. A near relative of V. cuciiUata of the eastern United States, but without doubt distinct, as shown by Prof. Greene. It grows in rich soil, especially on river banks, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Bozeman, 1892, IV. T.. Shaw; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 261 Viola palustris L. Sp. PI. 934 [Man. R. M. 29; Syn. Fl. i' : 197 ; 111. Fl. 2: 450; Bot. Cal. i: 55]. In bogs, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 2^2. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. De- wart. * Viola Wanda Wild. Ilort. Berol. //. 24 [Syn. Fl. i' : 198; 111. Fl. 2 : 450; Bot. Cal. i : 55]. Resembles somewhat V. palitstn's, but with small white flowers, very short saccate spur, and small round-reniform glabrous leaves. It is a rather rare plant of eastern and northern distribution. Montana: Granite, 1892, F.D. Kchey. * Viola alsophila Greene, Pittonia, 4:7; Viola aiuocna LeConte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 144 ; not Forst. ; Viola hlanda amoena B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 198; 111. Fl. 2: 450]. Resembles V. faliistris in the size and form of the leaves, which, however, are more or less hairy. The flower resembles that of V. blanda, but is larger. It grows in mossy ground, up to an alti- tude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. W. Traphagen ; ]7iz\L Ci-eok, July 15, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bessey, 4.536; Buffalo Creek, 1885, Tzueedy, 457. * Viola orbiculata Geyer ; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 73; Viola sarnicntosa orbiculata Gray, Syn. Fl. i^ : 199. A low species with round-reniform leaves, light yellow flowers and short stolons bearing mostly cleistogamous flowers. It belongs to the Pacific slope, but is found occasionally in the western part of the state. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Pyrenees, 1889, Mrs. Moore. Viola Nuttallii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 174 [Man. R. M. 30; Syn. Fl. I^: 199; 111. Fl. 2: 452; Bot. Cal. i: 57]. On the plains and prairies, and ascending the valleys up to an alti- tude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen; Bozeman, 1882 and 1885, ^-^^^eedy, 458; Helena, 1893, F. D. Kelsey ; Galla- tin Co., 3/r5. Alderson; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 116, in part. 262 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Viola vallicola A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26: 128. Resembles somewhat V. Nuttallii, but the leaves are shorter and more glabrate, the flowers somewhat larger and brighter 3'ellow, and the pods globular and pubescent. It is a mountain plant, growing at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 10-12, 1897, Rydherg- d- Bcssey, 4^41 and ^5^7; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Madison Co., Mrs. McNidty ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribner, gb. * Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 405. A larger plant than either of the two preceding, with large light green leaves, large light yellow flowers and longer and softer pubescence. In rich soil, under rocks on the mountain sides, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 12 and 18, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4j48 and 454^; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4340; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, 24^; Belt Mts., 1888, R. S. Williams, 116, in part. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. JV. Dezvart. Viola venosa (Wats.); Viola .A7///^///// z'^;/05rt' Wats. King's Exp. 5: 35, 1871 ; [". anrca venosa Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. i: 56 [Man. R. ]M. 29; Bot. Cal. i : 56] ; V. fracmorsa venosa Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 200: V. pirpirea Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc. i: 55. 1873. On high mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Park Co., Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzuccdy, 2jo. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, R. IV. DezL'art. Viola Canadensis L. Sp. PI. 936 [Man. R. M. 29; Syn. Fl. i' : 202; 111. Fl. 2: 453]. Common in woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, \'^(^>,. Rydbcrg, 2/26: 1896, Rlodnian. djy ; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4333; Bridger Mts., June 14, 4334 and 4333 ; Gallatin Co., 1897, Tweedy, 233 ; Bozeman, 1882, Tzueedy ; Helena, F. D. Kclsey ; Bozeman, 1892, F. W. Shazv ; Mrs. Alderson; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribncr, pc ; Hell Gate, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzcccdy, 433. me:moirs of the new york botanical garden. 263 * Viola glabella Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 142 [Bot. Cal. I : 57 ; Syn. Fl. i' : 201]. Resembling somewhat V. Canadensis in habit, it is easily distin- guished by its yellow flowers. Montana: Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Candy, 34. Viola adunca Smith in Rees. Cycl. 37 ; Viola canina adunca Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 377 [Man. R. M. 29; Bot. Cal. i: 55]. In valle3-s, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887,/^. Tzveedy, 2^1 ; Deer Lodge, 1888, jp. W. Trap/iagrn; Granite, 1892, /^. D. Kelscy ; Madison Co., Mrs. McNulty- Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Butte, 1896, /. F. Keinp; Head of Stillwater, 1897, P. Koch, 6"/. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, 4528; 1883, Miss Mary Conipton. Viola adunca longipes (Nutt.) ; ]^ioIa longipes Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 140; l^. canina longipes Wais. Bot. Cal. i: 56 [Man. R. M. 29]. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. W. TrapJiagcn, * Viola Montanensis. Rootstalk slender, but rather woodv ; stems several, slender, 1-2 dm. high, pubescent with short more or less reflexed hairs ; stipules 1—2 cm. long, narrowly lanceolate, tapering at both ends, entire or slightly toothed with narrow teeth, but not dissected ; petioles slender, 3-5 cm. long ; leaf-blade 3-5 cm. long, broadly ovate, often subcordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, finely crenate and pubescent with short hairs; peduncles slender, 3-10 cm. long, with one or generally two narrowly linear bracts scarcely i cm. long below the flower; sepals narrow, linear-lanceolate ; petals blue, with yellowish-white base and spur, obovate, 8-10 mm. long, the lateral a little bearded ; spur about 5 mm. long, obtuse, straight or slightly curved ; stigma slightly beaked ; pod ellipsoid, about i cm. long; seeds pear-shaped, 2 mm. long, light isabel-blue. Resembles V. arcnaria somewhat in the form of the leaves and in the pubescence, but is a much larger plant, resembling T'. striata somewhat in habit. It differs from both in its narrow subentire stipules, and from the latter also in the pubescence. The latter character also separates it from V. adunca Smith. In wet places in open woods, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana : Jack Creek Canon, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4532; Bridger Mts., June 12, 4531. 264 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Viola monticola. Stems numerous, from a woody rootstock, very short, less than 5 cm. hi(jh, densely pubescent with short hairs ; stipules 0.5-1 cm. long, lanceolate, entire or sometimes bristle-toothed ; leaves on very short petioles, denseh' puberulent ; blade broadly ovate, truncate or cordate at the base, about 2 cm. long, obtuse, finely crenate : peduncles short, about 2 cm. long; sepals broadly lanceolate; petals blue with 3'ello wish- white base, narrow, obovate, 5-8 mm. long, the lat- eral ones bearded; spur about 5 mm. long, curved upwards; pod ovoid, 5-8 mm. long ; seeds like those of the preceding species. Resembles in many respects the foregoing species, but is a much smaller plant, with very short stems, small leaves and broad se- pals. Resembles much more V. arenaria, from wh'ch it differs in the subentire stipules, the color and the form of the spur. On dry hills in southern Montana, at an altitude of 1800-2500 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydbcrg <£- Bcsscy, 4S2g; Electric Peak, August 20, 4j2y ; Bozeman, 1885, Tzt'ccdy, 4j6; 1892, W. T. Shaw; Priest's Pass, 1892, Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Near the Lone Star Geyser, August 7, Rydbcrg d' Besscy, 4j26; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1889, F. W. Dexvart; 1884, Tweedy^ 10;. * Viola odontophora . Stems several from a rather slender perennial root, 5-8 dm, high, sparingly and minutely puberulent, more or less striate ; stipules 5-8 mm. long, toothed with slender linear-subulate teeth: leaves round-cordate, obtuse, slightly crenate, finely puberulent or in age glabrate ; blade 10-15 mm. long; petiole 2-3 cm. long, slightly margined; peduncles 4-5 dm. long, with one or two small linear bracts a little above the middle ; sepals linear-lanceolate, about 6 mm. long ; petals purple or the lower portion yellowish white, more or less distinctly purple-veined, over i cm. long; spur short, about 5 mm. long, strongl}- saccate at the end, where it is 3 mm. in diameter, and strongly tubercular-toothed on the upper side. Intermediate between the two preceding in size and habit, but differs in the form of the spur. Montana: Grafton, 1892, R. S.Winiains, 114. GERANIACEAE. Geranium viscosissimum F. & ]M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 11 : Suppl. 18; Gcraniiun incisiim Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i: 206 [Man. R. M. 44; Syn. Fl. i^ : 358; Bot. Cal. i: 94]; not Andrews. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 265 Common in the valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Fhdmau, 6^2; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 4^14; Park Co., 1889, Tzuecdy ; Helena, 1891, Kehey ; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, 22J : Salesville, 1892, W. T. Shazv; yi^^^i^on Co., Mrs. Flora McNuIiy ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H.Hall; 1884, Tzvcedy ; 1883, Miss Mary Complon. Geranium Richardsonii Fish. & Trautv. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 37 [Man. R. M. 44; Syn. Fl. i' : 359; Bot. Cal. i: 94]. Common in woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: John Pearsall, 823- Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Havard; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodiuan, 6jj and 634; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4516; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 4312; Highwood Creek, 1888, R. S. Williams, 221 ; Boze- man, 1887, Tweedy, 226; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Math; Beaver Head Co., 1880, Wafsoji. Yellowstone Park : 1884,/^. Tzuecdy, 2^2 ; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. * Geranium Bicknellii Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 92 [111. Fl. 2: 343]. Resembles the following species, but has longer pedicels, narrow .sepals and a long beak to the fruit. It grows on hillsides, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4513; Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 2^23: Basin, 1892, Kelsey. Geranium Carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 682 [Man. R. M. 44; Syn. Fl. I^ : 360 ; III. Fl. 2 : 342 ; Bot. Cal. i : 94]. Hillsides and waste places, but rarer than the preceding. Montana: Sih^er Bow Co., Mrs. Helen Dolman. LINACEAE. Linum Lewisii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 210 [Syn. Fl. i' : 345 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 349] ; Linitm perenne Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 204 [Man. R. M. 42 ; Bot. Cal. I : 89] ; not L. Common in valleys and on hillsides, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Elk Mountains, 1896, Flodman, 633; Spanish Basin, June 23, i8gy , Rydberg & Bessey, 4318; Bridger Mts., June 11, 266 MEMOIRS OF THE NE^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 4517^ Park Co., 1889, Tzuecdy ; Warm Springs, 1892, Kelscy ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 144; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alder- son; T>Q.Q.x\^o6.gQ. 0,0., Misses Hobsou'iVCidi Ware; 1892, W. T. Shazu.. Yellowstone Park : iQS'i,, Miss Mary Compton; 1885, Tzvecdy, 792- Linum rigidum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 210 [Man. R. M. 42; Svn. Fl. i^: 347; 111. Fl. 2: 351]. On dry plains and hills, scarcely reaching an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg, 2724; Fort Custer, 1891, Tweedy ; Great Falls, 1891, 7?. S. Williams, i^j : Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Miith; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. POLYGALACEAE. Polygala alba Nutt. Gen. 2 : 87 [Man. R. M. 30 : Syn. Fl. i' : 455 ;. 111. Fl. 2: 360]. On prairies and plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Big Timber, 1887, Tweedy, 227; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. EUPHORBIACEAE. * Euphorbia albicaulis. Depressed, divaricately many-branched ; stems and branches slen- der, very light greenish 3'ellovv, glabrous and shining ; leaves very short-petioled, light green, linear, i-nerved, entire or minutely cal- lous-toothed towards the apex, 1-1.5 cm. long and 2-3 mm. wide; involucre very small, about i mm. in diameter, turbinate ; append- ages minute, rather broad, truncate and crenulate, white ; pod acutely angled, smooth, 2 mm. long; seeds light brown, oblong, acutely 4- angled, 1.3— 1.5 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. broad, slightly cross- wrinkled. Nearest related to E. scrpyllifolia, from which it differs in the much narrower leaves, broader appendages, and the seeds which are brown, and always lack the white bloom usual in E. serpyllifolia. The narrow leaves, the slender branches and light color of the plant x^mxn^'i on^ oi E . pet alo idea, \)\!i\. the appendages are minute and the seeds much smaller, narrower and sharpl}' 4-angled. It grows in sandy soil and in cultivated ground, at an altitude of about 1500 m. Nebraska: Cheyenne Co., 1891, Rydherg, jj6 (type). Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzveedy, 124. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 267 Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Syn. 2 : 14 [111. Fl. 2 : 372 ; Man. R. M. 326]. In sandy soil, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Sun River, 1883, Scribner, 2^g; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Upper Geyser Basin, 1885, Tzueedy, 44J. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 187 [III. Fl. 2: 373; Man. R. M. 326]. In sandy soil, up to an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Custer Co., 1892, J/r^. Light: Helena, \^^2, Kchey, Yellowstone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Kyd- berg & Bcssey, jg^j ; Upper Basin, Aug. 6, 3^44. Euphorbia raarginata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 607 [111. Fl. 2: 376; Man. R. M. 327]. On prairies and in pastures, up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Custer Co., 1897, Mrs. Light; N. E. Montana, 1892, Br. Hollflivay; Miles City, 1886, Peter Koch, 11 00. Euphorbia dictyosperma F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 37 [111. Fl. 2: 379; Man. R. M. 327]. On prairies, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1888 and 1890, F. D. Kclsey ; Hell Gate Canon, 1880, Watson. Euphorbia robusta (Engelm.) Small, in Britton & Brown, 111. FL 2 : 381 ; EiipJiorbia moiitaiia -i robitsta Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 192; Euphorbia moiitana Coulter, Man. R. M. 327, in part. Dry hills, up to an aldtude of 2000 m. Montana: Livingston, 1889, Tweedy; Shields River, 1883, Scribner, 2jo; Sand Coulee, 1892, R. S. Williams, j^y ; Missoula, 1882, Tiveedy, jyd. CALLITRICHACEAE. Callitriche palustris L. Sp. PI. 969 [111. Fl. 2: 382] ; Callitriche verna L. Fl. Suec. Ed. 2 : 4 [Man. R. M. 328]. In ponds and slow streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Jack Creek, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 43 ig; Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, 621. Yellowstone Park: Lower Falls, 1871, T. C. Porter. 268 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Callitriche bifida (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 215 [111. Fl. 2: 382]; CaUitrichc ^ahtstris bifida L. Sp. PL 969; C. antnmnalis L. Fl. Suec. Ed. 2: 4 [Man. R. M. 328]. In ponds and slow streams, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. WiUianis, 'jj2. LIMNANTHACEAE. * Floerkia occidentalis. Very slender, less than i dm. high, perfectly glabrous, and some- what fleshy; leaves 1-2 cm. long, pinnate with 1-2 pairs of leaf- lets, these oblong or oblanceolate and 5-8 mm. long; pedicels i cm. long or more, longer than the petioles and often equalling the whole leaf in length : sepals ovate, acute, 2—3 mm. long : petals oblanceo- late, about half as long as the sepals ; carpels two, sharply rugose- tuberculate. Resembles the eastern F. pr os.cr pi }iacoi dcs , but is a smaller plant, has much shorter leaves with shorter leaflets, comparatively longer pedicels, broader sepals, and sharper-tubercled fruit. In F. proscr- pinacoidcs the pedicels are little if any longer than the petioles and always much shorter than the leaves. In wet places, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Yellowstone Park : Swan Lake, 1885, Tzuccdy, j2j. Utah : Wasatch Mountains, 1869, S. IValson, 208. Washington: Wilkes Expedition. ANACARDIACEAE. Rhus trilobata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 219 [111. Fl. 2 : 387] ; F/iKS aromatica trilobata Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. (II.) 33: 408 [Man. R. M. 50; Bot. Cal. i : no] ; RJins Canadensis trilobata Gray; Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 6'$> [Syn. Fl. i': 386]. Exposed hill sides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 14, 1S97, Rydbcrg & Rcssev, 4520; Miles City, 1882, Tzceedy, 374: Great Falls, 189^2, R. S. Williams, 2"/"/; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Miith; Billings, 1898, Williams & Griffith. * Rhus Rydbergii Small. A single-stemmed shrub, less than a meter high, with grayish, somewhat striate bark ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate with petioles 6-12 dm. long; leaflets 3-10 cm. long, broadly ovate, often some- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 269 what rhomboid, rather thick, bright green, strongly veined beneath, glabrous except the veins on the lower surface, with wavy or sinu- ately toothed margins ; flowers in small conical axillary panicles, which are much shorter than the petioles, their branches short ; flowers yellow; petals about 3 mm. long, ovate, whitish yellow with greenish streaks; fruit when ripe white and shining,' a little de- pressed-globular, 5-6 mm. in diameter. It has been invariably mistaken for R. Toxicodendron, which has pubescent sinuatelv lobed leaflets, and is confined to the southeastern United States. From R. radicans ( R. Toxicodendron var. radicans), it differs in never being a climber, but always an erect shrub, in the thicker, somewhat glaucous leaves, the smaller and denser panicles, and the larger flowers and fruit. Both grow together in Nebraska,^ and they always remain distinct. The present species occurs on hill- sides and in open woods, from Kansas to Arizona and British Colum- bia. Montana: Great Falls, 1885, R. S. Williams, 2gi ; northern Montana, F. W. Anderson. CELASTRACEAE. Pachystima Myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Am. Monthly Mag. 2: 176 [Man. R. M. 46; Bot. Cal. i : 99 ; Syn. Fl. i' : 398]; Ilex ? Myrsinites Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 119. In woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Virginia City, 1886, Tweedy, io8g; Columbia Falls,. 1892, R. S. Williams, 8y2 ; Missoula, 1880, Watson. ACERACEAE. Acer glabrum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 172 [Man. R. M. 49;. Syn. Fl. i^: 436; 111. Fl. 2: 399; Bot. Cal. i: 107]. In damp woods and along streams, ascending to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. W. Traphagen; Bridger Moun- tains, June 12, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4521 ; Bear Gulch, 1887, F. Tzveedy, 171; Belt Mts., 1891, R. S. Williams, 616; Deer hodge Co., Miss Fmma Ware; Bridger Canon, 1892, W. T.Shaw; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tweedy,. 281. 270 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Acer glabrum tripartitum (Xutt.) Pax in Engler's Jahrb. 7: 218: Acer tripartitwn Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i : 247. A form with trifoliolate leaves. Montana : Mullen Pass, i860, Pcarsall. Acer grandidentatum Nutt. ; Torr. «fe Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 247 [Man. R. M. 49; Syn. Fl. i^ : 440]. Montana: XnttaU. Acer Negundo L. Sp. PL 1056 [Syn. Fl. i' : 440; 111. Fl. 2 : 400] ; Xegundo aceroides Moench, Meth. 334 [Man. R. M. 49]. The Box Elder grows throughout the plains and prairie regions, mostly along the water courses, and reaches perhaps an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Stillwater, 1889, Tzaecdy ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey. RHAMNACEAE. Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 167 [Man. R. M. 47 : Syn. Fl. i' : 409] . Only found on the west side of the main range of the Rockies. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 873. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. : Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 125 [Man. R. M. 47; Syn. Fl. i' : 410; Bot. Cal. i: 102]. Rather common on hill sides, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Hazard; Bridger Mountains, 1896, Flodman, 636; June 18, i^(^'] , Fydbo-gd- Bcsscy, 4323; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 4322; Great Falls, 1886, F. TF. Anderson, yi; Belt Mts., 1891, R. S. Williams, 33S ; Deer Lodge Qo., Miss Emma Ware. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte, 1885, Tzcccdy, 427. Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. Sert. Ang. 5 [Man. R. ^L 46: Syn. Fl. i^ : 407 ; Bot. Cal. i : 100 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 406] . In swampy woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: North Fork of Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams; Jocko Lake, 1880, Watson; Lo-Lo Creek, Watson. Yellowstone Park : East Fork of Yellowstone, 1885, Tzccedy, 428. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 27 1 LOASACEAE. Mentzelia integrifolia (Wats.); Mentzclia albican I is intcgrifolia Wats. King's Exp. 5: 114. 187 1 ; Mentzelia dispersa Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, ii : 115. 1876 [Man. R. Isl. 107; Bot. Cal. I: 236]. Hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 24, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4544; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, iji ' 1884; Columbia Falls, J/r5. y. y. Kennedy, J2 ; Prickly Pear Canon, 1887, 7?. S. Williams, 68 J ; Mystic Lake, 1883, Canby, ijg; Shinberger's Canon, 1880, Watson; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Cache Creek, 1885, Tzveedy, 4jJ. * Mentzelia tenerrima. Stem very slender, only 1-2 mm. in diameter, ascending, branched, straw-color, pilose, in age glabrous, 4-5 dm. high ; root annual ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, pilose, entire ; flowers very small, subtended by one or two linear bracts; sepals linear-lanceo- late, I mm. long; petals narrow, 2-3 mm. long, lemon-yellow; cap- sule linear, 15 mm. long and 2-3 mm. in diameter; seeds i mm. long, sharply angled and finely pitted under a strong lens. Belongs to the M. integrifolia group, but is much more slender than an}^ described species. It was found on a dry hillside, together with Chenofodiuni atrovircns, at the base of a few trees of the Douglas Spruce, at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Foot of Electric Peak, August 18, 1897, Rydberg & JBessey, 4^42. * Mentzelia Tweedyi. Root annual ; stem very slender as in the last species, erect, about 3 dm. high, 1-2 mm. in diameter, somewhat pilose when young, straw-colored ; leaves linear in outline, 2-5 cm. long, pinnately lobed with distant oblong lobes, or the upper ones almost entire ; flowers very small, subtended by small linear bracts: petals 5, oblanceolate, light yellow, 3-4 mm. long; sepals subulate, i mm. long; capsule linear-clavate, 15 mm. long and 2-3 mm. in diameter; seeds round-angled, muricate. Resembles closely the preceding, differing only in the seeds and the leaves. It stands in the same relation to J/, albicaulis as the pre- ceding does to M. integrifolia. It was found under pine trees, at an altitude of 1800 m. Montana: Trail Creek, Park Co., 1887, Tzuecdy, 132. 272 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Mentzelia albicaulis (Hook.) Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 222^ as synonym [Man. R. M. 107 : 111. Fl. 2 : 459 ; Bot. Cal. i : 235] ; Bart on ia albicaulis Hook. Fl. 1. c. Hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1887, Tzcccdy, 134; Jefferson River, 1883, Scrihncr, 60a. Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfi. Fam. 3: Abt. 6a, iii [111. Fl. 2: 459] ; Bartonia dcca- ■petala Pursh; Sims. Bot. Mag. pi. i^Sj: jSfentzelia ornata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 534 [Man. R. M. 107]. In cafions and sand-draws, throughout the plain regions, up to an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4-54-5; East Montana, 1884, Tzvccdy ; Ruby River, 1887, 150; Sil- ver Bow Co., 1888, 155; Great Falls, 1885, F. IV. Andnson, 161 ; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Cinnabar, 1886, P. Koc/i, 1 1 01; Great Falls, 1891, JR. S. Williams, 54; Head of Missouri, 1882, Canby ; Rock Creek, 1883, Scribner, 60. Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i: 535 [Man. R. M. 107 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 459; Bot. Cal. i : 237] ; Bartonia laevicaulis Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 221. In canons and on hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Garrison, 1895, Rydberg, 2y3j; Emigrant Gulch, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4546; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alder so n : Liv- ingstone, 1887, Tweedy, 148; Ruby River, i4g; Silver Bow Co., 1888, Tzveedy, 136; Box Elder Creek, 1887, R. S. Williams, 727; Helena, 1887, 686; Elk Creek, 1883, Scribner, jp; Billings, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park: Hot Sulphur Springs, 187 1, Hayden. CACTACEAE. Cactus Missouriensis (Sweet) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 259 [Coult. Contr. U. S. Xat. Herb. 3: 110; 111. Fl. 2: 462]; Mamillaria Missouriensis Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171 [Man. R. M. 109]. Dry prairies and plains, up to an altitude of over 2000 m. Yellowstone Park: Tweedy, 423 (according to Coulter). * Cactus Notesteinii (Britton) ; Mamillaria Notesteinii Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 18: 367. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 273 Nearest allied to the preceding ; differing in the ash-gray (not greenish) and often pink-tinged flowers and the ciliate spines. It is a rare species. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1891, jp. ^V. Notestein; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 670. Cactus viviparus Nutt. in Eraser's Cat. [Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 119 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 462] ; Mamillaria vivipara Haw. Syn. PI. Suec. Suppl. 72 [Man. R. M. 109]. Dry prairies and plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Jo/in Pcarsall, 801 (?); Great Falls, 1886, 7?. S. Williams, ^01; Hay den, iSj^ and iSjj ; Vernon Bailey , 18 go (the latter two according to Coulter). Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. Suppl. 82 [Coult. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 435 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 464] ; Opuntia 3fissouriensis DC. Prod. 3: 472 [Man. R. M. 109]. On dry plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Hayden, 1854 ^"^ ^859 (according to Coulter). * Opuntia polyacantha platycarpa (Engelm.) Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 436; O. Missouricnsis platycarpa Engelm. Syn. Cact. 300. Like the species, but generally with only one long central spine and a few shorter exterior ones. Montana: 1883, Canby, 1^0 (according to Coulter); Helena, 1887, F. D. Kelsey ; Beaver Head, A. E. Barrett; 1854, Hayden. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. Suppl. 82 [111. Fl. 2: 464; Man. R. M. 112 ; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 439] ; Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. i : 296. Dry plains and hills. Montana: 1883, Canby (according to Coulter). ELAEAGNACEAE. Lepargyraea Canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia, 2: 122 [111. Fl. 2: 467] ; Elaeagnus Canadensis L. Sp. PL 1024 ; Shepherdia Cana- densis Nutt. Gen. 2 : 240 [Man. R. M. 322]. In woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1892, Kelsey; Headwater of Jocko, 1883, Canby, 280; Judith River, 1882, Canby; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tweedy; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, jpjr^. 274 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lepargyraea argentea (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, 2: 122 [111. Fl. 2: 468] ; Elacagniis argentea Nutt. Eraser's Cat. ; Shephcrdia ar- gentea Nutt. Gen. 2: 241 [Man. R. M. 322]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m, Montana: Livingston, 1892, Kelsey ; Great Falls, WiUiains, 384; Teton River, 1883, Scribner, 2jj ; Little Missouri, 1882, Canhv ; Fridley, 1887, Tzvccdy, 50. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 114 [111. Fl. 2 : 467 : Man. R. M. 321]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, ^j; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson: Great Falls, WiUlanis, 41 J : Sun River, 1883, Scribjier, 2^4. Yellowstone Park: ]Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzvecdy, 446. ONAGRACEAE. Epilobium suffruticosum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 488 [Man. R. M. 102 : Trelease, Mon.f 84]. The flowers are not white as described bv Coulter, but cream-color and not small compared with the other native species. At an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Hell Gate, i860, /. G. Cooper; Blackfoot River, 1887, F. D. Kelsey; Flathead River, 1883, Canhy, 137; Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Upper Falls, 187 1, Hay den; Cache Creek, 1885 ; Tzceedy, 323. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 490 [Man. R. M. 102; Trelease, Mon. 85; Bot. Cal. i: 220; 111. Fl. 2: 484]. Common throughout the valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bitter Root River, i860, Dr. Cooper; Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodnian, 638; Spanish Basin, 63^; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rxdberg & Bessev^, 4371; Meadow Creek, 1886, Tweedy, 1030; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. SJiaic. Yellowstone Park : Soda Butte, 1885, Tzveedy, 313. * Epilobium paniculatum jucundum (Gray) Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. I^ot. Gard. 2 : 85 ; Epilobium jiictindnni Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12 : 57. t Trelease, Monograph of Epilobiuin in Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 275 Like the last but more glaucous and with larger flowers. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydbcrg^ 2^2^; Manhattan, ^7^6"; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 28g. Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. .Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 119 [Trelease, Mon. 94 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 484] ; Efilohium colorafuiny\^?iis. Bot. Cal. I : 218 [Man. R. M. 102] ; not Muhl. The eastern B. colorafum has lanceolate strongly serrate leaves with a distinct petiole and beakless seeds with a cinnamon-colored coma (when ripe) . In E. adenocaulon the leaves are more ovate, the petiole short and winged, the coma white and the seeds short-beaked. It is common in swampy ground, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg, 2730; Cliff Lake, July 26, 1897, Rydbe)-g & Bessey, ^555 and 4556; Cottonwood Canon, 1892, W. T. SJiaiv; Meadow Creek, 1886, Tzceedy, lo^g; Ulm, 1887, R. S. Williams, 736; Alhambra, 1892, B. D. Kclscy. * Epilobium adenocaulon perplexans Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2 : 96. Slender, subsimple, the leaves more lanceolate, mostly obtuse and only slightly serrulate. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1895, Blodman, 662; Elk Mts., 66j ; Bridger Mts., 664; Bozeman, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2732; Granite, 1892, Kelsey. * Epilobium occidentale (Trelease); Efilobium adenocaulon occi- «'(?;;/a/t- Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 95. Like E. adenocaulon, but more strict and with very glandular branches, the triangular-lanceolate leaves strongly but distantly denticulate. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2731; Spanish Basin, 1896, Blodman, 660; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bes- s^y^ 4549 '^nd 4354. * Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. Pug. 2: 14 [Trelease, Mon. 99]. Somewhat resembling E. adenocaulon, but the leaves broader and more crowded ; stem loosely crisp-pubescent above with flexuous glandular hairs and producing (as in the four following species) subterranean fleshy winter bulblets. In swampy grounds, at an alti- tude of about 2000 m. Montana : Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4537. * Epilobium delicatum Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 99. Stem slender, glabrous, except the crisp-hairy lines above and the 276 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. inflorescence ; leaves delicate, ovate-lanceolate, undulate, rounded at the base. It differs from E. alpiniiDi mostly in the presence of the subterranean bulblets. Rare. Montana: Flat Head River, 1883, Canby, ij2, in part. * Epilobium brevistylum Barbey ; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. i: 220 [Trelease, ]Mon. 100]. The general aspect of the plant is exceedingly like that of a more simple E. adenocaulon, but the leaves are thinner, the coma dingy and the propagation is by subterranean bulblets. In swampy ground,, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Helena, 1894, E. Douglas; Flat Head River, 1883, Canby, ij2, in part. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Eydbo-g & Besscy, 4550 and 4552 ; East De Lacy's Creek, 755/. * Epilobium Halleanum Hausskn. Monog. 261 [Trelease, Mon. loi] . Distinguished from the last by its sessile, often clasping, decurrent leaves. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 6yj. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4361. * Epilobium Drummondii Hausskn. Monog. 271; [Trelease, Mon. 102]. Characterized bv its strict stem, narrowly lanceolate subsessile leaves which are rounded at the base, but not decurrent. In rich meadows, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg- ct Bcssey ^ 455S; Belt Mts., 1885, F. W. Anderson, 132; Jefferson City, 1883,. Scribner, 36a. Yellowstone Park: Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Ticeedy, j20. * Epilobium Drummondii latiusculum. Leaves broader, ovate-lanceolate, more prominently dentate ; stem often reddish, never pale as in the species. Dr. Trelease, to whom the specimens were sent, named it E. Driininiondij, but added : " one of the forms towards saximontaniunr It looks quite different from the typical E. Driimniondii and may be a distinct species or a hybrid. It was growing along a brook with E. Halleanuni, which it also approaches. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 755^ and 4j6o. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 277 Epilobium Hornemanii Reichenb. Icon. Crit. 2 : 73 [Trelease, Mon. 105 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 485] ; Epilohimn alpiniun Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 217 [Man. R. M. 102]. This, as well as the three following species, is low, 1-2 dm. high, and more or less stoloniferous ; it and E. clavatiDU have purplish flowers, and mostly papillose seeds ; E. Horncnianii\\'A's> larger thinner leaves than the other species, the upper being broadly ovate, often re- motely serrulate, and abruptly rounded into a very short petiole. Among rocks, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Elodnian, 66 j, 666 and 6'j/f.; Little Belt Mts., 66 j ; Bridger Mts., 668; Deer L.odcre, M/ss Em?na Ware; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzuecdy, 2J4.; Granite, 1892, Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 4570; East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 4364 and 4363; Soda Butte, 1885, Tzvccdy, ^ig; Lower Falls, 1877, Haydcn. * Epilobium alpinum L. Sp. PL 348 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 108: 111. Fl. 2: 482]. Resembling the last, but leaves and flowers smaller, the latter white or light rose. It often grows with the preceding and has frequently been confused with it. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Elodman, 66g and 6ji: Little Elk Mts., 670; Spanish Peaks, 672; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydherg & Bcssey, 4362; Bridger Mts., June 12, 4363; Columbia Falls, 1892, B. S. Williams, 880. * Epilobium anagallidifoliumLam. Encycl. Meth. 2 : 376 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: no; 111. Fl. 2: 482]. It differs from the last by the more slender s-shaped bent stem, and the smaller narrowly oval or oblong entire leaves, and grows in alpine regions, at an altitude of about 3000 m. The flowers are sometimes violet. Montana: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 673; Electric Peak, Aug., 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 4366. * Epilobium clavatum Trelease, x\nn. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: in. This resembles E. Hornemanii in the color of the flowers and the papillose seeds, but the flowers are smaller. In the leaves and gen- eral habit it most resembles the preceding, from which it is often hard to distinguish. The plant is much more cespitose than either and forms rather large mats in gravelly or rocky places near the tops of the higher mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. 278 me:moirs of the new york botanical garden. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^.^dy and 4j6S ; Soda Butte Creek, 1885, Tzvccdy, ^21. Montana: Cedar Mountains, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4S6g; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzvcedy, 235. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. Ed. 2, i: 271 [111. Fl, 2 : 481] ; Efilobiiun august if ol mm L. Sp. PL 347 ; Rpi- lobiimi spicatum Lam. Fl. Franc. 3: 482 [Man. R. M. loi : Tre- lease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2 : 80 ; Bot. Cal. i : 218]. In valleys and open woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4548 ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 4347 ; Helena, 1891, Kel- sey ; Bear Creek Canon and West Gallatin, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Christie; Fort Ellis to the Yellowstone, 187 1, Hayden Sxirvey ; Jefferson City, 1883, Scribner, 36b. Yellowstone Park: Pelican Creek, 1885, R. Tzveedy, 324. Chamaenerion latifolium (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2, 198 [111. Fl. 2 : 481] ; Epilobium latifoUiun L. Sp. PI. 347 [Man. R. M. 102 ; Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2 : 81 ; Bot. Cal. i : 219]. Rare, growing at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Belt River, 1886, R. S. Williams, 147 ; Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 131. Yellowstone Park : Soda Butte Creek and Cache Creek, 1885, Tzveedy, 322. * Boisduvallia glabrella (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 2: 89 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5 : 117 : Bot. Cal. i : 233] ; OEnother a gla- bella Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 505. A small plant belonging to a genus distinguished from the OEno- thera series by the short basifixed anthers and erect calyx-lobes. From Epilobium it is mainly distinguished by the lack of coma. Flowers in subterminal spikes, shorter than the subtending leaves ; corolla violet. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, yjj ; 1887,/^. W. Anderson ; Deer Lodge, 1892, JVotestein. * Onagra strigosa. Biennial ; stems 4-10 dm. high, grayish strigose and somewhat vil- lous on the upper part; leaves gravish strigose, first ones obovate or spatulate and obtuse, the lower stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, acute, 5-10 cm. long, more or less wavy, the upper ones lanceolate MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 279 and smaller; spike leafy, many-flowered; flowers 6-7 cm. long; ovary and tube somewhat pilose, the latter about 3cm. long and 2-3 mm. wide ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, in bud gradually contracted into the short free tips; petals obcordate, 1.5-2 cm. long and almost as broad; capsule 3-4 cm. long, inverted club-shaped; seeds irregular, obtusely angled, reddish brown, about 2 mm. long. Nearest related to O. Hookeri, but differs in the much smaller flowers, which are always pure yellow, never tinged with rose. From O. h/'cniu's and O. Oahesiaua it differs in the grayish short-strigose pubescence. It grows in rich soil, in meadows, creek banks, borders of fields, etc. Montana : Pony, July 8 and 12, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4584 Meadow Creek, July 12, 4S^3 ^ Spanish Basin, 1896, JFlodjiian, 680 Cottonwood Creek, 1892, \V. F. Shazv ; Helena, 1887, Kelsey Mill Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 2j6; Teton River, 1883, Scribner, 57. * Onagra strigosa subulata. Like the species, but the sepals in bud abruptly contracted into long subulate free tips. Montana: Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, -/jSS. * Onagra f Hookeri (Torr. & Gray) Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 : 171 ; OEnotliera Hookeri Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 493 ; OE. biennis hirsutissinia Gray, PI. Fend. 43 [Bot. Cal. i : 223]. Like the preceding, but the more hirsute flowers much larger and generally tinged with red. Rare. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Miss Louise Hammond (Small- flowered.) * Onagra depressa (Greene) Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 170; OEnothcra depressa Greene, Pittonia, 2: 216. Resembling somewhat O. strigosa, but prostrate, the leaves broader, elliptic-lanceolate, and with a much denser pubescence. Montana : Custer, Blankinship. Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 234 [111. Fl. 2: 488]; OEnothera albicaulis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 733; O. pinnatifida^xxii. Gen. i: 245 [Man. R. M. 103]. Sandy plains and prairies, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Big Horn River, 1892, Txveedy ; Crow Indian Reser- vation, 1891, Tzveedy ; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Fannie Har- wood; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. tThe characters of the various genera formerly included in OEnothera are pointed out bv Dr. J. K. Small in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 : 167-194. 28o MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 234 [111. Fl. 2 : 489] ; OEnothcra alhicaiilis Nutt. Fraser Cat. (name only) [Man. R. M. 104; Bot. Cal. i: 223] ; not Pursh : OE. pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: //. 11^2. In sand draws, river banks, canons, etc., up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Pony, July 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4j8j: Galla- tin Co., 3Irs. Alderson; Madison Co., 1886, Tzueedy, loji ; Sand Coulee, 1884, 1887, F. W. Anderson; Great Falls, 1891, R, S. Williams, 1^2; Fort Ellis to the Yellowstone, 187 1, Haydcn ; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, jS. Pachylophus caespitosa (Xutt.) Raiman, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfi. Fam. 3: abt. 7, 215 [111. Fl. 2: 492] ; OEnothcra caesp'tosa Nutt. Fras. Cat. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 500 [Man. R. M. 104; Bot. Cal. I : 224]. Dry hills and " bad-lands," at an altitude of 1000 to over 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. W. Trafhagcn; Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tweedy, p/; Madison Qo., Mrs. Flora McXulty ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 12; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light ; Yellowstone Valle}', 1882, Canby (small-flowered) ; Shields River, 1883, Scribncr, j8b {= marginata) \ Billings, 1882, Canby (small); Priest's Rapids, 1883, Canby, yS^ (large); Shinberger Canon, 1880, Watson. These specimens may represent more than one species. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzvecdy, j/^. Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 367 [111. Fl. 2: 493] ; OEnothera triloba Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2 : 118 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 499 [Man. R. M. 104 ; Bot. Cal. i : 224]. Dry grounds, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey ; Lima, 1S95, Rydbcrg, 2'/j4; Great Falls, 1885,/^. W. Anderson, ijS; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 2pp: Madison River, 1883, Scribncr, jSa. Taraxia breviflora (Torr. & Gray) Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.' N. Am. I : 506 ; OEnothera breviflora Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 506 [Man. R. M. 104; Bot. Cal. i: 224]. Valleys, especially in sandy soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 6/g. Yellowstone Park : Indian Creek, 1884, Tzoeedy, jji ; 1873, C. C. Parry, iij. MEM OIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 281 *Taraxia subacaulis (Pursh) ; Jussiaca subacaulb Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 304; Taraxia hcterantha (Nutt.) Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 185; OEnothcra heterantha^\\\X.]o\xxn. Acad. Phila. 7: 22 [Bot. Cal. I : 224]. A larger plant than T. brcvlfora, with subentire or sinuately toothed, not pinnatifid, leaves. Rather common in -rich soil in the valleys, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Rocky Mts., Wycth; Bridger Mts.,Junei2, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4587; Spanish Basin, June 30, 4586; Boze- man, 1889, Mrs. Aider son. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1883, Miss Mary Compton; Swan Lake and Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, jij. Meriolix serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 2: 79 [111. Fl. 2: 496]; OEnothera serrulata Nutt. Gen. i : 246 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 501 ; Man. R. M. 105]. On dry hills and plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Bozeman and Cinnabar, 1884, Tzveedy, ^4- Sphaerostigma andinum (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 2 : 79 ; OEnothera andlna Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 512 [Man. R. M. 105; Bot. Cal. i: 226]. In dry soil. Montana : Blackfoot River, Nuttall. Yellowstone Park: 1873, Parry, iii. •Clarkia pulchella Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 260 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 515 ; Man. R. M. 105 ; Bot. Cal. i : 231]. In the very western part of the State. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Willlanis, 881; Jocko Indian Agency, 1883, Canby. . * Gayophytum lasiospermum Greene, Pittonia, 2: 164 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5 : 109]. Like G. raniosissinmm, but with strigose-canescent seeds. Dry hills, at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Bydberg, 2734. * Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 513 [Tre- lease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: no; Bot. Cal. i: 221]. Somewhat resembling G. raniosissimum, but generally more branched ; flowers larger, the petals 3-6 mm. long. Dry hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. 282 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Pony, July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4j8i ; Galla- tin Co., 1886, Tzvecdy, 1048. Yellowstone Park: Biscuit Basin, Aug. 5, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4580; Yellowstone Lake, 1884, Tzveedv ; 1871,7?. Adams. Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 513 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: iii ; Man. R. M. 103; Bot. Cal. I : 221]. Common in dry or sandy soil, up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Elk Mountains, id>g6, R/odiuan, dyS ; Spanish Basin, Syy ; Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 43^6; Span- ish Basin, June 23 and 24, ^^/j, 43 J4; Pony, July 9, 437^; Boze- man, 1887, Tzceedy, 2jj ; Tiger Butte, 1886, 7?. S. Williams, 483; Alhambra, 1892, Kelsey ; Birch Lakes, 1883, Canby, ijj. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4377; Biscuit Basin, Aug. 5, 4378 ; Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 4372; Yellowstone Lake, 1884, Tweedy; 1891, Miss Cooley. Gayophytum caesium Xutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i: 514 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5 : 113] ; Gayophytum race- inosum Torr. & Gray, 1. c. [Man. R. M. 103 ; Bot. Cal. i : 221]. In sandy soil, at altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 23, 1897, Rydberg c^ Bessey, 4582; Blackfoot River, Kitttall. Yellowstone Park: Tower Falls, 1885, Tzueedy, 316; Mud Springs, Hay den Survey. * Gayophytum pumilum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193 [Trelease, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 114]. Like G. caesium, but lower, generally with comparatively larger leaves, and a broadl}^ oblong pod, flattened contrary to the septum .^ A few specimens that apparently belong to this species were found on the volcanic sand bars of Shoshone Lake ; altitude about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4373. Gaura coccinea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 733 [Torr. & Gra}^ Fl. N. Am. i: 518; Man. R. M. 106; 111. Fl. 2: 497]. On dry plains, common up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1887,7^. Tweedy, 232 ; Ponj^ July 6, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 438^; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, \V. Zl MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 283 Shazv ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman ; Lower Missouri Falls, 1885, R. S. Williams, 2yi ; Beaver Head Cafion, 1888, Tzcccdy, g8 ; Bozeman, 1886, lo^y; Cinnabar, 1884, jj; Custer Co., 1897, J/r5. Light; Belt Mountains, 1882, Canby ; Madison River, 1883, Scrib- ner, j8d ; Hell Gate Caiion, 1880, Watson. * Gaura glabra Lehm. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 209; Gaura coc- cinca glabra Torr. «& Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 518. Like G. coccinea, but glabrous ; bark of the older stems yellow- ish white and shreddy ; bracts longer and linear-subulate ; flowers generally dark blood-red, but specimens with light pink flowers are sometimes met with. On dry plains and hills, preferring sandy soil. Montana: Alhambra, 1887, Kelsey ; Pony, July 6, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 45^0. Gaura parviflora Dougl. ; Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 208 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 519 ; Man. R. M. 106 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 496; Bot. Cal. I : 234]. In rich soil on bottom lands and prairies, up to an altitude of per- haps 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, 7?, ^\ Williams, ^go; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light; Crow Creek, 1883, Scribner, ^8c. Circaea Pacifica Aschers. & Magn. Bot. Zeit. 29: 392 [Man. R. M. 106; Bot. Cal. I : 234]. Among bushes, in rich soil. Montana: Prickly Pear Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, 6jo; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, ij8. * Circaea alpina L. Sp. PI. 9 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 527; 111. Fl. 2: 500]. It is ditflcult to distinguish between this and the preceding, and they may be but forms of one variable species. The eastern speci- mens seem to be easily separated from those of the Pacific Coast, but in the Rocky Mountain region the}" seem to run more or less to- gether. C. alpina is generally a much smaller plant with more sharpl}^ dentate leaves. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 41. HALORAGIDACEAE. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Sp, PI. 992 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 529; Man. R. M. 99; 111. Fl. 2: 503; Bot. Cal. i: 215]. In lakes and ponds, up to an altitude of 2000 m. 284 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Cliff Lake, Jul}^ 27, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, ^sgi ; Madison River, 1886, Tweedy, lopS. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Sp. PL 992 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 529; Man. R. M. 100; III. Fl. 2: 503]. Lakes and ponds, up to an altitude of 2500 ni. Yellowstone Park: Broad Creek, 1885, Tzvcedy, ^26. Hippurus vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 4 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 531 ; Man. R. M. 99; 111. Fl. 2: 501; Bot. Cal. i: 215]. In swamps, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg; 2jj6; Belt River, 1886, R. S. JJ7///ajns, jjj ; John Pearsall, 86 j. Yellowstone Park: Lewis Lake, 1884, R. Tzveedy, 2g; Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 43^2. ARALIACEAE. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 274 [Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 646; Man. R. M. 122; 111. Fl. 2: 506]. On wooded hillsides. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 8S2. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. 1854: 105 ; Panax horridum Smith, Rees Cycl. [Torr. «& Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 648] ; Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL i: 938 [Man. R. M. 122; Bot. Cal. i: 273]. In woods west of the main range of the Rockies. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 88 j. UMBELLIFERAE. Angelica pinnata Wats. King's Exp. 5: 126 [Man. R. M. 118; Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 2^] . In wet meadows, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 460^; Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, 1897, 4602 and^(5od; 1884, Tzceedy, j. Angelica Lyallii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374 [Man. R. M. 118 ; Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 36]. In wet meadows, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg .d- Bessey, 4604; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 460J ; Lone Mountain, 1886, MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 285 Tweedy, 1056; Silver Bow, Mrs. Moore; Upper Box Elder Creek, 1886,7?. S. Williams, 3 jg; White Gulch, Belt Mts., 1882, Canhy ; Flathead, 1883, Canhy, 146; Sand Coulee, 1883, Scrihner, 65; Missoula, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, iSg'],Byd- berg d- Bessey, 4.60J and 460S ; Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tzveedy, 860. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 166 [Man. R. M. 121 ; Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 48 ; 111. Fl. 2 : 514 ; Bot. Cal. i: 271]. Rather common in canons and on river banks, up to an altitude of 2!^ 00 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4S94; Bridger Mts., June 18, 4393; Helena, 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, 202; Belt Creek, 1883, Scrihner, 64. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzveedy, 839. *Pastinaca sativa L. Sp. PI. 262 [Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 49; 111. Fl. 2: 514]. The common parsnip is sometimes found escaped from cultivation. Montana: Helena, 1889, F. D. Kelsey. * Coloptera Parryi Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 50. A low plant, resembling a species of Cymopleriis, not unlike C. acaulis in habit and fruit, but the lateral wings are thickened, as in Leftotaenia. It is a rare mountain plant. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1888, Tzveedy, 2; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Light. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt. ; Torr. «& Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 630 [Coulter & Rose, Rev. 51] ; Ferula multifida Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348 [Bot. Cal. i : 271 ; Man. R. M. 121]. On mountain sides in rich, damp soil, at an altitude of 2000- 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 686; Bridger Mts., June 12-18, 1897, Rydherg d- Bessey, 4612 and 4613; Livingston, 1886, Tweedy; Grizzly Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, 203; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore; Helena, 1892, Kelsey; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. *Peucedanum Cous Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453 [Coulter & Rose, Rev. 58]. . , , . A low plant, with a thick tuberous farinaceous root used for food by the Indians, yellow flowers, puberulent fruit with solitary oil 286 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, tubes in the intervals, and twice pinnate leaves with linear-oblong segments. Rather common in rich soil, at an altitude of 2000— 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 11-15, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bessey, ^620, ^624 and 462/; Spanish Basin, June 26, 461 p. * Peucedanum circumdatum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474 [Coulter & Rose, Rev. 59] . Resembling the preceding, but with glabrous fruit, and the leaves more inclined to be ternate and the leaflets 1-2-pinnately divided. It grows in about the same situations as the preceding. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, Tzceedy, j ; Gardiner, 1885, Sj^: Bozeman, Scribncr, 66a; Little Belt Mts., 66; Belt River Caiion, Williams, i4g; Bozeman Pass and Little Blackfoot River, Canby, IJ2; Grafton & Sand Coulee, 1887, /?. S. Williams, i^g (?). Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzvcedy, 834. Peucedanum ambiguum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 626 [Man. R. M. 120 ; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 58 ; Bot. Cal. i : 269] ; EiilopJms ambig-juis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 27. In open valle3's and on hillsides, up to an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana : Bozeman, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2^44; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman,' 6g2 and 6gj ; Bridger Mts., 6g4; June 18, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 462J ; Spanish Basin, June 24, 1897, Rvdbcrg & Bessey, 4622 ; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzveedy, lo^y ; Bear Gulch, 1887, 211; Granite, 1892, Kelscy ; Flat Head River, Wvcth {\.-s^€)\ Belt Mts., 1883, Scj-ibner, 66a; Bozeman, 1883, Canby, 151; Jocko River, 131 ; Hell Gate, 1S80, Watson. Yellowstone Park : 1883, Miss Mary Campion ; Slough Creek, 1885, Tzveedy, 83 1. Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 627 [Man. R. M. 120; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 60; Bot. Cal. i: 270]. Hillsides, at altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydbcrg ci- Bessey, 4614; Deer Lodge Co., 3Iiss E. Ware; Bozeman, 1882, Tzveedy; 1887, 208; Silver City, 1890, Kelsey ; Sand Coulee, 1881, R. S. Williams^ 148. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 8ss. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW VORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 287 Peucedanum villosum Nutt. ; Wats. King's Exp. 5: 131 [Man. R. M. 120; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 64; Bot. Cal. i: 270]. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. JV. Trafhagen; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, ijo; Deer Lodge, Miss Frances Hobson; Madison Co., 1888, Tzuccdy, 4; Northern Pacific R. R., 1882, Tzvecdy, 2S'/. * Peucedanum Sandbergii Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 79 [Rev. 65]- A more or less caulescent puberulent plant, with yellow flowers, much inflated and scarious margined petioles, and compound ter- nately or pinnately dissected leaves with very short linear divisions. Rare. Montana: Upper Marias Pass and Little Blackfoot River, Canby, 153- * Peucedanum triternatum Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 626. Like P. simplex, but with broader segments to the leaves, and a narrow wing less than half as wide as the fruit. Montana: Grasshopper Valley and Big Hole Valley, 1880, Watson . Peucedanum simplex Nutt.; Wats. King's Exp. 5: 129 [Man. R. M. 120; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 69; Bot. Cal. i : 269] ; Peuceda- niim triternatum platycarpum Torr. Stansb. Rep. 389; not P. flatycarptim E. Mey. Dry hills, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg; 2741 ; Spanish Basin, June 24, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4621; Forks of the Madison, 1897, 4617; Pony, July ^6, 461S; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 10; Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. W. Traphagen; Helena, i^go, Kelsey ; Boze- man, 1882, Tweedy; Trail Creek, 1887, 207; Lewis and Clarke Co., ^/r5. E. Mtith; Little Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 148}^ and i4g; Madison River, 1883, Scribner, 66b. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzvcedy, 832. * Peucedanum Nevadense Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 143 [Bot. Cal. I : 270]. Characterized by its white flowers, pubescent orbicular fruit with prominent ribs and the glaucous more or less puberulent stem. Dry mountains, at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2740. 288 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Pseudocymopterus bipinnatus (Wats.) Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 75; Cxnioptcnis hipinnattis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 368 [Man. R. M. 119]. Dry hills, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Pole Creek, July 4, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4628; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 462g and 4630; Helena, 1891, S. A. Aferritt ^nd F. D. Kehcy ; Madison Co., 1888, Tzuccdy, i; Mill Creek, 1887, 212; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; N. Pac. R. R., 1882, Tzueedy,2gi ; Mt. Helena, 1883, Canby, 148; Shields River, iSS^, Scrtbner, 66c; Bannock City, 1880, Watson; Virginia City, 187 1, Hay den Survey. Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 642 [111. Fl. 2 : 527 ; Man. R. M. 114: Coulter & Rose, Rev. no] : Seseli divaricatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 732. On dry plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Upper Missouri, JVtittall. Musineon Hookeri Nutt.: Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i: 64; Musenium divaricatum Hookeri Torr. & Gray, 1. c. [Man. R. M. 115]- Hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Pole Creek, July 4, 1897, Rydberg- d- Bessey, 4613; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mrs. Muth and Mrs. Murphy : Great Falls, 1885, F. W. Anderson, 166; Madison Co., 1885, Tzi'cedy, ijg; Great Falls, 1889, R. S. Williams, 16; Helena, 1891, Kclsey ; Gard- iner, 1885, Ttt'ccdy, 8ss; Mt. Helena, 1883, Canby, 154; Beaver Head Co. and Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. * Musineon vaginatum. Stem less than i dm. high, from a thick perennial root, glabrous, striate, more or less purple-tinged, 2-3-leaved ; basal leaves with petioles about 5 cm. long, twice or thrice ternate with stalked divisions (stalk of the terminal one longest), glabrous; divisions divided into linear or linear-oblong obtuse segments about 5 mm. long ; stem leaves similar, short-petioled, and with a very conspicuous purple and scarious-margined sheath; umbel 1-2 cm. in diameter, with several ravs ; involucre none ; involucels of linear bracts nearly as long as the pedicels ; sepals evident ; petals white or some- times yellowish ; mature fruit not seen ; young fruit with strong angles but no wings, a little compressed laterally ; oil-tubes ap- parently 3 in the intervals ; seed-face plane ; stylopodium depressed. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAI. GARDEN. 289 As no mature fruit has been seen, the species may not belong to Mtisineon, but the young fruit apparently suggests that genus. The seed-face is described as being concave in the genus, but at least one species, M. tenuifolmm, has this plane. Dr. Rose, to whom all my umbellifers had been sent for determination, writes that the species is unknown to him. It grows among rocks on the mountain tops, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Bridger Mountains, June 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bes- sev, 4626 (type) and 462^ (a single specimen taller and with yel- lowish flowers) ; 1887, Flodman, Sqj. Bupleurum Americanum Coulter & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umb. 115 ; Biiflciirum raniinciiloidcs Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 263 [Man. R. M. 116] ; not L. On the mountains, at an altitude of 2000-3300 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2738; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 682; Little Belt Mts., 683 and 684; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4600; Indian Creek, July 21, 43gg; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, 206; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 1033, in part; Tenderfoot Creek, 1890, R. S. Williams, igy ; Mill Creek, 18S7, 206; Smith River, 1883, Scribncr, 62; Martindale, 1882, Caiiby. Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britt. ; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2: 530; Mxrrhis longistylis Torr. Fl. U. S. 310; Osmorrhiza longistylis DC. Prod. 4: 232 [Man. R. M. 116; Coulter «& Rose, Rev. 118]. In woods, up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Lower Falls of Missouri, 1886, R. S. Williams, 273 , * Washingtonia intermedia. Perennial, with a somewhat fleshy taproot and a short caudex ; stem 4-8 dm. high, striate, sparingly villous ; leaves twice or thrice ternate, the basal one with a petiole 1-2 dm. long, striate and some- what villous, the lower stem-leaves short-petioled, the uppermost sessile ; primary divisions with petioles 1-2 cm. long, the ultimate subsessile, rhombic-ovate, acute, cleft and coarsely and acutely ser- rate, the teeth ovate and mucronate ; umbel mostly 3-rayed ; rays ascending, in fruit 3-7 cm. long; bracts 1-2, linear-subulate, or none; umbellets 3-6-rayed ; bractlets generally none or minute; fruit 10-15 mm. long, nearly straight, clavate, thickest about one- fourth from the apex, tapering to both ends; style 0.75-0.8 mm. long ; stylopodium ovate-conic. 290 me:moirs of the new york botanical garden. Resembles JV. mida and W. divaricata in the absence of bractlets, but has a longer style and the fruit is more acute at the upper end. It differs from the former in the shape of the leaf-segments, which in W. nuda are more rounded and with rounder teeth. The form of the leaf is most like that of W. longistxlis and of the fruit most like that of W. Claytoni. In W. divaricata, which is really its nearest ally, the pedicels are divergent in fruit at nearly right angles, the fruit generally decidedly curv^ed and thickest near the apex and the stylopodium more depressed. In rich woods, at an altitude of 500-2000 m. Montana : Bridger Mts., June 17, 1897, Rydberg & Bcsscy, 4^95- It has also been collected at the following localities : Idaho: Lewiston, 1896, A. A. and E. Gertrude Ilcllcr, 3^37^' Lake Waha, 338 j. Washington : Upper Valle3-of the Nesqually, 1893, O. D. Allen, j^; Observatory Inlet, Dr. Scolder, ijg. * Washingtonia divaricata (Nutt.) Britt. ; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2 : 531 ; Osniorrhiza divaricata Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 639 (name only) ; O. nuda Wats. Bot. Cal. i : 262, in part [Man. R. M. 116; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 117, in part]. It differs from the true W. nuda of California in the smaller leaflets and the long divergent branches of the primary umbel. On wooded hillsides, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2742 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 68"/; Bridger Mts., June 17 and 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4396; Sun River Canon, 1887, ^- •^- ^Villianis, 61 j: Flat- head Lake, 1883, Canby, 14J. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, 8^7. Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 639 [Man. R. M. 117; Bot. Cal. i : 262]; Osniorrhiza occidentalis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 71 [Coulter «& Rose, Rev. 119]. Rich soil, especially on the mountain sides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 274^ ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 688; Bridger Mts., 6Sg and 6go; June 11, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 4sgy ; Spanish Basin, 1892, Kelsey ; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzueedy, 204: Belt Mts., 1886, R. S. Williams, igy; Fort Ellis to the Yellowstone, 187 1, Hayden Survey ; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 144; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Idaho: Henry's Lake, July 31, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 43^8. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 29I Slum cicutaefolium Gmel. Syst. 2: 482 [111. Fl. 2: 532; Man. R. M. 116; Bot. Cal. I : 261 ; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 123]. In water, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1895, Flodman, 68 j ; Ennis, 1886, Tzueedy^ ^05^. Yellowstone Park: Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4601 . Zizia cordata (Walt. ) DC. Prod. 4 : 100 [111. Fl. 2 : 535 ; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 127] ; T/iaspiiim trifoliatuui Coulter, Man. R. M. 117 ; not Gray. Montana: Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, ^^jS. *Carum Carui L. Sp. PI. 263 [111. Fl. 2: 535; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 129]. The Caraway of the gardens, sometimes escaped from cultivation. Montana: Blackwell's Ranch, 1892, Brandcgee. Carum Gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344 [Man. R. M. 115 ; Bot. Cal. i : 259; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 128] ; Atenia Gairdneri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 349; Edosmia Gairdjteri Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 612. In meadows and on lower hillsides,. up to an altitude of 2500 m. The root is sweet-tasting and used for food by the Indians. Montana: Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 46J2 ; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2yjQ; Elliston, iSgo, Kelsey ; Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, ig8; Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, 201 ; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazu. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 46JJ ; 1884, Tzvecdx,^; Yellowstone Lake, 187 1, R. Adams ; Judith Mountains, 1882, Canbv. * Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia, 2:7. Like C. maculata, but with elongated fleshy fibrous main roots and duller flowers. Montana: Bozeman, 1886, F. Tzveedy, lo^j; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Swimming Women Creek, 1882, Canby. Cicuta maculata L. Sp. PL 256 [111. Fl. 2: 536; Man. R. M. 116; Bot. Cal. I : 260] ; Cicuta virosa Coulter & Rose, Rev. 130. In water and in wet meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897* Rydberg (S- Bessey, 461 1; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 4610. 292 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 115 [III. Fl. 2 : 538] ; Sinm ei'cctuni Huds. Fl. Angl. 103 ; Siiim angusti- folium L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1872 ; Beriila angustifolia Mert. & Koch. Deutchl. Fl. 2: 433 [Man. R. M. 115; Bot. Cal. i: 260; Coul- ter & Rose, Rev. 133]. In water, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1892, Mrs. Alderson; Fort Logan, 1882, Ca)iby. * Sanicula Nevadensis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. Sci. 9: 139 [Bot. Cal. 256; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 105]. Leaves ternate, the divisions ovate, 3-5-lobed ; involucre with pinnatifid leaf-like bracts. Open woods. Montana: Jocko and Flat Head Rivers, Caiibv, 1^2. * Sanicula Marylandica L. Sp. PI. 235 [111. Fl. 2: 523; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 102] . A plant with palmately 5-7-foliolate leaves, with obovate or ob- lanceolate serrate segments ; fruit bristly with styles longer than the bristles. Meadows, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1896, Flodman, 681; Belt Mountains, 1886, F. W. Anderson, 16 j; West Boulder, 1887, Tzvcedy, 20J ; Hound Creek, 1883, Scr/dner, 61 ; Judith Mountains, 1882, Canhy ; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Ligusticum filicinum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. Sci. 11 : 140 [Man. R. M. 117 ; Coulter &l Rose, Rev. 87]. At an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : Lewis Lake, 1884, Tzvccdv, 5. * Ligusticum Canbyi Coulter & Rose, Rev. X. Am. Umb. 87. Leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate, 7.5-10 cm. long, pinnately parted below, then confluent, toothed above ; involucels elongated,. 1.25 cm. long, linear. Montana: Jocko River, 1883, CcDiby, ijj. Ligusticum scopulorum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Sci. 7: 347 [Man. R. M. 117]. At an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: C. C. Parry, 121. Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. ir 624 [Man. R. M. 118; Bot. Cal. i: 266; Coufter & Rose, Rev. 79] ; Sclinuvi ierebinihinum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 266. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 293 In the mountains, at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1887, Tiuecdy, 21J. Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Rydb. Bot. Surv. Neb. 3 : 38 [III. Fl. 2 : 517] ; Selimmi acaide Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 732 ; Cymopterus glomeratus^dii. ]o\xYn. Phys. 89: 100 [Man. R. M. 119; Coul- ter & Rose, Rev. 76] . Dry prairies, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, F. IV. Anderson, //j; and 1887, /^. S. Williams, ij. Cymopterus montanus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 624 [111. Fl. 2: 517; Man. R. M. 119; Bot. Cal. i: 266; Coulter & Rose, Rev. 78]. Dry prairies, up to an altitude of 3000 m. Yellowstone Park: Tzucedy, 1885 (according to Coulter & Rose). * Cymopterus glaucus Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 28 [Coulter & Rose, Rev. 81]. A species with white flowers, deeply concave seed face and tri- pinnate leaves, with crowded, linear-oblong segments and revolute margin. Montana : Jocko River, Canbv, i^y. CORNACEAE. Cornus Canadensis I.. Sp. PL 117 [111. Fl. 2 : 543 ; Man. R. M. 122 ; Bot. Cal. I : 274]. In woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889,/?;-. V. Havard; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, Sgy ; June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4636 ; Belt Mts., 1891, R. S. Williams, 2iy; Deer Lodge Co., 1892, Emma Ware; Lo-Lo Creek, 1880, Watson. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 92 [111. Fl. 2 : 545 ; Man. R. M. 122]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 6g8 ; Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 46J4; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 46j^ ; Deev l^odge Co., Jlfiss Fm ma Ware: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams; North Box Elder Creek, 1886, 400.', Snowy Moun- tains, 1882, Canby ; Hell Gate, 1880, Watson. 294 iMEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. PYROLACEAE. Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Act. Holm. 1810 : 190 [111. Fl. 2: 550; Syn. Fl. 2': 47; Man. R. M. 230; Bot. Cal. i : 461]. In swamps, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 'J04; Spanish Basin, yo§; Sheep Creek, 'jo6; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 4643; Jack Creek, July 15, 4642; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, ^62; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman ; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Cache Creek, 1885, Tweedy, gi8. Pyrola uliginosa Torr. Fl. N. Y. i : 453 [111. Fl. 2: 551] ; Pyrola rotuiidifolia uliginosa A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 259 [S}^. Fl. 2' : 48 ; Man. R. M. 231]. In cold bogs, up to an altitude of 2800 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1896, Flodnian, yo-j ; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bcsscy^ 4638 ; Indian Creek, July 21, 463 g; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 4640; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, p6 ; Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams, 30; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Sliaw ; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Muth; White Sulphur Springs, 1883, Scribner, 141 ; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 4641; 1884, Tzveedy, 238; 1885, gi6. * Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 251 [111. Fl. 2: 551] ; Pyrola rotuiidifolia asarifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 46 [Syn. Fl. 2^:47]. Like the preceding, but with reniform or cordate leaves, and gen- erally somewhat larger flowers. In bogs, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Havard. Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Gen. i: 273 [111. Fl. 2: 550; Syn. Fl. 2': 47; Man. R. M. 230]. Woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. ; rare. Montana : Highwood Canon, 1889, R. S. Williams, 83^. Pyrola picta Smith, Rees' Cycl. [Syn. Fl. 2' : 48 ; Man. R. M. 231 ; Bot. Cal. I : 460]. Open woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Middle Creek, 1886, Tweedy, iiyi; Neihart, 1888, R. S. Williams, 'J63. Yellowstone Park: Sulphur Hills, 1885, T-weedy, ^14 and giS; 1873, C. C. Parry, ig8. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 295 Pyrola minor L. Sp. PI. 396 [I»- F'- ^^55^; %"• F'- ^' ^ 4'^' Man. R. M. 230]- Damp woods and bogs, up to an altitude of 250° "• Montana : Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodn.an. joz; Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, ^d^z-' Unionv.Ue, 1892, E-N- Brandegee; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. MM; Crow Creek, 1883, •""^Erows'TONE Park: East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. to, 1897, R^dbcrg & Bcssey, 464.8. ^ Pyrola secunda L. Sp. PI. 396 [!"• F'- ^^ 55'-; %"■ F'- ^ •■ 46; Man. R. M. 230; Bot. Cal. l: 460]. Wet woods and shaded swamps, up to an altitude of 2500 m Montana: Little Rocky Mts., -^^^' J^''- l' "'''■'''" ^^Zl, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2745; Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman 70J , Jack Creek, /uly x5. ^897, Ryib-g & ^'^^^y' f^'-^-^^Z Mrs' Aug. 1I464S; Mian Creek, July 21, 4646; Gallaun Co., Mrs. Alderson: Clendenin, 1882, R. S. Wiliiams, 1S7. YEEEOW.STONE Park: Yellowstone Lake, 1885, T^.e.'^y, 9'7, Moneses unlflora (L.) Gray, Man. 273 [HI- F>-^^ 553; Syn. F^■ 2. : 46 ; Man. R. M. 230 : Bot. Cal. i : 460] ; P^'-"^" '""''"' " ^■ Sp. PI- 397- Moist woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Sheep Creek, 1896, Flod.,an,r>o^ Bndge. Mt^.. yon Sun River, 1887. R- S. IVilliams, 639: Missoula, 1880, Wat "yeeeowstone Park: 1885, Tu-cedy, 9-'/.;East Crandall Creek, 1887 P Koch, 2: Yellowstone Lake, 1871, Haydm purvey. . ChlmapWla umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. i: 274 [HI- Jl. 2- 554; Syn. Fl. 2' : 45 ; Bot. Cal. i : 459] ; Py"''' '"'^bcllata L. Sp. ?he'gtu. is distinguished from Pyrola by its corymbose flowers more o, less leafy stem' and opposite or whorled leaves. In dry woods nnd canons, up to an altitude of 2500 m. , r^ i^u Mont..n1 : Spanish Peaks. X896, F,od.„a„, 6,j; Emigrant Gulch, Au^ -^ iSgj,Fydierg & Bessey, 465'; East Bouldei, 1887, rL';;. 97. Ciendenin,''x882, R. S. WnUa,ns, ^,2; Silver Bow Co. Mrs Moore; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alderson; Missoula, .880, "^Yee'eowstone Park : Gibbon Meadows, 1885, Tweedy. 296 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. MONOTROPACEAE. Pterospora Andromedea Nutt. Gen. i: 269 [111. Fl. 2: 554; Syn, Fl. 2>\ 48; Man. R. M. 231 ; Bot. Cal. i : 462]. In dry woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rvdberg d- Bcsscy, 464^; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, g^; White Fish Lake, 1892, 7?. S. Williams, 88g; Flathead Lake, 1883, Canbx, 222. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 46 jo; 1885, Tzvecdy, g2j, Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. PI. 387 [111. Fl. 2: 555: Syn. Fl. 2': 49; Man. R. M. 231 ; Bot. Cal. i : 463]. In moist woods, up to an altitude of 1000 in. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, Sgo; Horse Plains, 1883, f^- B. Ay res, XCCCIL Hypopitys Hypopitys (L.) Small, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 4: 137 [111. Fl. 2: 556] ; Monotropa Hypopitys L. Sp. PI. 387 [Syn. Fl. 2': 50; Man. R. M. 231; Bot. CaL i: 463]. Dry woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, yo8 ; Park Co., 1887, Tzvecdy, pj; Clendenin, 1882, R. S. Williams, igo; Belt Creek, 1883, Scribner, 142. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, ig6; 1884, Tzvecdy, 233- ERICACEAE. Ledum glandulosum Nutt. Trans.- Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 8 : 270 [Syn. Fl. 2': 43; Man. R. M. 229; Bot. Cal. i: 459]. In cold bogs, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, ^- Tzvecdy, 8g; Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 46^2; Deer Lodge Co., Miss Emma Ware; Granite, 1892, Kclsey ; Madison Valley, 187 1, Hayden Survey; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, /?p. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 46^3 ; 1885, Tzvecdy, 422: 1873, Parry, 1^4. * Menziesia glabella Gray, S\'n. Fl. N. Am. 2' : 39. Shrubs with the aspect of an Azalea but with small 4-merous urn- shaped corolla and included str.mens. This species has filaments more or less bearded below and long-appendaged seeds ; the pedi- cels are almost naked. Woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 297 Montana: Deer Lodge, 1889, J^. IV. Traphagcn; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian, jog; Sun River, 1887, ^- ^- Williams, 6yg; Columbia Falls, Mrs. Kennedy., ^j ; Deer Lodge Co., Afiss Emma Ware; McDonald's Peak, 18S3, Canhy, 221; Upper Marias Pass, Canby, 221 . * Menziesia urceolaris Salisb. Par. Lond. //. 7-/, 1806-7 ; Meuziesia ferruginea Smith ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 264. 1814 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 39; Bot. Cal. i: 457]. Like the last but with longer corolla, merely apiculate seeds, gla- brous filaments and more glandular-bristly pedicels. Up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Granite, 1892, F. D. Kchey. Yellowstone Park : iS(^2>^ A^^^^on Brozvn. Azaleastrum. Branching shrubs with alternate deciduous leaves and axillary 1-3-flowered clusters; flowers rather large; corolla saucer-shaped or rotate-campanulate, regular, 5-cleft : sepals membranous-folia- ceous, half the length of the corolla ; stamens mostly 10, a little exserted, almost equally spreading ; hhmients bearded at the base ; anthers awnless, attached by their backs to the filament, opening by terminal pores ; styles slender and curved ; stigma peltate and 5-lobed. The following species, which has generally been included in Rho- dodendron, is one of those that formed the subgenus Azaleastrum of Planchon and Maximowicz. This subgeneric name is taken up. The generic characters may have to be slightly modified when the Asiatic members are included. Our American representative, at least, is so unlike, the true Rhododendra that it deserves generic rank fully as much as R/iodora and Azalea. It differs from these in the large sepals, lateral flowers and peltate stigmas ; from Rhodo- dendron in the deciduous leaves, and from the other two in the form of the corolla. * Azaleastrum albiflorum (Hook.) ; Rhododendron albifornm Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 43. A species with large white flowers and pale green leaves, growing in woods. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 220. Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25 : 581 ; Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.. 2 : 41 [Syn. Fl. 2': 38; Man. R. M. 229; Bot. Cal. i: 457]. 298 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. I think this deserves specific rank, as the distinctive characters^ viz : the small flowers and the small short and broad leaves, are very- constant. K. glaiica is not found in the Rockies. Mountain swamps, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4634 \ East Boulder Plateau, 1887, Tweedy, pj; Granite, 1892, Kelscy ; Deer Lodge, Emma Ware; Belt Mts., 1883, Scrihner, ij8. Yellowstone Park, 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; Lone Creek,. 1885, Tweedy, g24. Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 17: 160 ; Menzicsia empetriformis Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 : 380 ; Brvanthiis empetriformis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 377 [Syn. Fl. 2': 37; Man. R. M. 229; Bot. Cal. i: 456]. On mountain sides, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, iS()T, Rydberg & Bessev, 4655; Hell Roaring Creek, 1886, Tweedy, 1 167; East Boul- der Plateau, 1887, go; Madison Co., Mrs. FitcJi: Columbia Falls,. 1892, R. S. Williams, 88 j: Granite, 1892, Kelsey : Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, J ; Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, ij6; Upper j\Iarias Pass, 1883, Canby, 2ig. Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, 187 1, Hayden Survey; Stinking Water, 1873, Parry, igj. * Phyllodoce intermedia (Hook.) ; Menziesia intermedia Hook. FL Bor. Am. 2 : 40 ; Bryanthns empetriformis intermedins Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 37. This much resembles the preceding, differing in the more elongated paler corolla and the acute sepals: it may be a hybrid between the preceding and P. glandulifiora, with which it grows. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bes- sey,46s6; East Boulder, 1887, Tweedy, g2; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Koch. * Phyllodoce hybrida. A divaricate shrub, 2-3 dm. high; leaves linear, obtuse, furrowed on the upper surface, and thickly nerved on the lower, as in the other species; pedicels 6-10, about 1.5 cm. long, densely glandu- lar; sepals ovate, obtuse or slightly acutish, green or slightly tinged with rose : corolla sulphur-yeflow, slightly tinged with rose, cylin- dric-campanulate, scarcely at all contracted at the throat, the lobes rounded and almost erect. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 299 As in P. intermedia, the corolla is in form intermediate between those of P. e7n^etriformis and P. glandiiliJJora. Both may be hy- brids of those two species, as all four were growing together. P. hyhrida is nearest P. giandulijlora, having nearly the same color of the corolla and the calyx, and the same glandular pubescence, but the corolla is not contracted at the throat, and the sepals are obtuse as in P. enipeh-iformis. In subalpine bogs, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Below Old Hollowtop, Pony Mountains, July 7, 1897, Rydbei-g & Bessey, ^djy. * Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) ; Menziesia glandtilijlora Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 40 ; BryantJuis glandulijiorus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 377 [Syn. Fl. 2': 37]. General habit as in the other species, but corolla elongated-urn- shaped, light yellow ; pedicels and acuminate sepals glandular- hirsute. Mountain sides and swamps, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana: East Boulder, 1887, ^- Tzucedy, gi ; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg t& Bessey, 46^8; Haystack Peak, 1887, F. Tweedy; Gallatin Peak, 1886, 11S6; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 26. * Cassiope Mertensiana (Bong.) Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 17: 157 [DC. Prod. 7: 610; Syn. Fl. 2': z^x Bot. Cal. i: 456]. A low Lxcopodinin-YxVo. plant with small imbricated 4-ranked carinate glabrous leaves, lateral peduncles, and pinkish bell-shaped corolla. Moimtain sides, at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Montana : Beaver Head Co., 1888, F. Tzveedy, ijy ; Old Hollow- top, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 46jg; Gallatin Peak, 1886, Tweedy, ii6g; Madison Co., 1892, Mrs. L. A, Fitch; Belt Mts., Scribncr, ijy. Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 287 [111. Fl. 2: 572; Syn. Fl. 2': 27; Man. R. M. 228; Bot. Cal. i: 453]; Arbutus Uva-Ursi 'L. Sp. PI. 395. In woods, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4660; Lewis & C-larke Co., Mrs. Muth; Gallatm Co., Mrs. Aldcrson; Bridger Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazu ; Helena, 1892, F. D. Kclsey ; Mt. Helena, 1883, Canby, 21S. Yellowstone Park : 1886, Francis Hall. 300 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) ; Vaccinium haiui/usitni Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1831 : 193 ; Gaultheria Myrsinites Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 35. 1834 [Syn. Fl. 2^ 30; Man. R. M. 228; Bot. Cal. I : 454]. Wooded hillsides, at an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4661; Broad Creek, 1885, Tzuccdy, p2j ; 1884, ^j6; 1873, Parry, igj. VACCINIACEAE. * Vaccinium membranaceum Uougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 32 [111. Fl. 2 : 576] ; Vaccinium niyrtilloides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 32 [Syn. Fl. 2': 24] ; not Michx. 1803. A species with oval or oblong-ovate serrulate leaves, green on both sides, and purple-black berries. In woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, i8g6, J^/odiiian, 711; Granite, 1892, Kclsey; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Aldcrsoii : Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, jj8 (last two specimens with narrow leaves) ; Missoula, 1880, Watson; Bozeman, 1883, Cauhv, 216; Jocko River, 2/7, in part (narrow leaves). * Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith, in Rees' Cycl. No. 2 [Syn. Fl. 2': 24; 111. Fl. 2: 577; Bot. Cal. i: 451]. ' Like the last but with leaves which are paler beneath. Woods, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jio. * Vaccinium globulare. A shrub 3-8 dm. high, glabrous throughout except slightly pubes- cent on the veins ; stem and branches round, only the youngest branches slightly angled : bark of stems gray, somewhat shreddy, that of the branches brown or of the 3'Oungest yellowish ; leaves 1-3 cm. long, very short-petioled, broadly oval or obovate, obtuse or acute, thin, somewhat paler beneath, reticulate, finely serrate; teeth often with a fine hair-like mucro ; pedicels 5-10 mm. long: calyx- teeth almost obsolete ; corolla depressed-globose, yellowish white ; berry purplish, 6-8 mm. in diameter. This species has been confused with ['. membranaceum Dougl. or V. nivrtilloides Hook, and mav be included in Hooker's description as it is in Gray's in his Synoptical Flora. There is in the Torrey Her- MEMOIRS OF THE NE^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 30r barium a specimen from Hooker, apparently a cotype of V. myrtil- loides Hook. This specimen represents a species that has larger leaves, which are more acuminate, more sharply serrate and appar- ently not paler beneath, has an ovate-globular corolla and a larger almost black berry, which is often i cm. in diameter. V. gJobidare grows in woods, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Creek, 1886, Tzvecdy, 11 70; Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scrihncr, ijj{?); Jocko River, 1883, Candy, 21/,. in part. The following specimens also belong here : Idaho: Lake Waha, 1886, A. A. & E. Gertrude HcIIcr, 3181. Utah : Uintas, 1869, Watson, yjj (this was referred to T'. My?-- tilhis by Dr. Gray). British Columbia: Glacier, 1897, ]\Irs. Palmer. Vaccinium erythrococcum ; Vaccinium Myrtillus inicrophxUunt Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 33, 1834 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 24; Man. R. M. 228; Bot. Cal. i: 450], not Reinw. 1825-6; V. inicroj[)h\Unni Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 253. Common in woods, up to an altitude of 3000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, F. Ticeedy, 8y; Spanish Basin,_ 1896, Flodnian, J12: June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 4.663; Pony, 4.666; Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, 87; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. M^/7//«;«5, ^p2 (large-leaved form) ; Granite, 1892, Ke/sey ; Odell's 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1884, 7^. Tzceedy, 2J4; 1888, Z^r. Chas. IF. Hall; 1883, Addison Broion; Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 4664; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 466J. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 234 [111. Fl. 2: 576; Syn. Fl. 2': 24; Man. R. M. 228; Bot. Cal. i: 450]. Woods, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Granite, 1892, Kelsey ; Head of Prickly Pear Canon,. 1883, Scribner, 1J4. Vaccinium occidentale Gray, Bot. Cal. i: 451 [Syn. Fl. 2': 23-, Man. R. M. 228]. In woods, up to an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg- \xX with shorter leaves, sim- ple inflorescence, and small flowers and fruit; nutlets 2-3 cm. long, with only marginal prickles. At an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg, 277 j; Helena, 1882, Canby. Lappula occidentalis (Wats.) ; Cynoglossum pilosuvi Nutt. Gen. i : 114; not R. & P. ; Echinospermuni patitliiin Lehm. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 84 ; not Lehm. Asp. 124 ; Echinoglossum Rcdozuskii occidentale Wats. King's Exp. 5 : 246 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 189 ; Bot. Cal. I : 529; Man. R. M. 259]. In dr}' loose soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1888, F. D. Kelsey ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzvccdy, 78 ; Spanish Basin, June 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bes- sey, 48 gj; Great Falls, 1887, R. S. Williams, 6gi ; Cottonw^ood Creek, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman; Lewis iind Clarke Co., Mrs. F. Harwood; Custer Co., Mrs. Light. 330 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885,/^. Tweedy ^ 308. Lappula Texana (Scheele) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 273 [111. Fl. 3:55]; Echiiiospermiim Texanum Scheele, Linnaea, 25 : 260 : Echinospermiim Redozuskii ciipulatnni Gray ; Brew. &Wats. Bot. Cal. i: 530 [Syn. Fl. 2': 190; Man. R.'m. 259]. On dry plains and hills, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Big Hole River, 1888, F. Tweedy, 76; Jack Creek, July 19, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 48^2; Gallatin City, 1883, Scrib- ner, i'j2. AUocarya scopulorum Greene, Pittonia, i: 16 [111. Fl. 3: 56]; EritricJiiuni Californiciim Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 191, in part [Bot. Cal. I : 526] ; not DC. ; Krxnitzkia Californica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20 : 266 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 423 ; Man. R. M. 260]. In springy and muddy soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Big Hole River, 1888, F. Tweedy, yj ; Cedar Moun- tain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4880; Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Willi anis, jy/. Yellowstone Park: 1885, F. Tweedy, 81"/: Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4881. Cryptanthe crassisepala (T. &. G.) Greene, Pittonia, 1:112 [111. Fl. 3: 57] ; Eritrichium crassisepalam T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2 : 171 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 195] ; Krxnitzkia crassisepala Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 268 [111. Fl. 2': 424; Man. R. M. 260]. In dr}^ loose soil, especially around " prairie dog towns,'" up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, F. Tzccedx, 173; Bozeman, 1887, 21 g; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey : Silver Bow Co., Mrs, Moore; Great Falls, 1887, R. S. Williams. Yellowstone Park : 1884, F. Tzceedy, ipj. * Cryptanthe affinis (Gray) Greene, Pittonia, i: 119; Krynitzkia affinis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 270 [Syn. Fl. 2': 425]. This and the next differ from C. Watsoni and its allies in the groove of the nutlets which is simple and continuous to the base. In C. affinis the nutlets are thin-walled and attached up to the middle of the gynobase. Both this and the next are diffuse in habit. In dry soil, at an altitude of 2200 m. Yellowstone Park: Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897,. Rydberg & Bessey, 4884; Helena, 7^. D. Kelsey. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 33 1 *Cryptanthe leiocarpa (F. & M.) Greene, Pittonia, i : 117 ; Echino- spermiim leiocarpum F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. 2 : 36 ; Eritri- chium lewcarptwi^'^?ds. King's Exp. 5: 244 [83^. Fl. 2': 194; Bot. Cal. I : 527] ; Kryintzkia leiocarpa F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. 7:52 [Syn. Fl. 2':425]. Resembling the preceding, but the thicker-walled nutlets are attached by their whole length to the subulate gynobase. Dry soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey, 4.888 ; Yellowstone River, 1884, Tzveedy, iig^. Cryptanthe Watsonii (Gray) Greene, Pittonia, i: 120; KrynitzMa Watsonii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271 [Syn. Fl. 2M 426; Man. R. M. 261]. On hillsides, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, F. Tweedy, i ly^ ; Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams. Yellowstone Park: 1884, F. Tzvecdy, igj, in part. * Cryptanthe Torreyi (Gray) ; EritricJiium Torreyi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 57 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 192] ; Krynitzkia Torreyajia Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271 [Syn. Fl. 2': 425] ; Cryptant/ie Tor- reyana Greene, Pittonia, i : 118. Like C. Watsonii, in that the groove of the nutlet is divergently forked at the base, but the leaves are broad, and the ovate acute nutlets are attached nearly up to the middle of the g3mobase. Dry hills, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessevy 4885. * Cryptanthe calycosa (Gray) ; Krynitzkia Torre y ana calycosa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271 [Syn. Fl. 2': 426]. Like C. Torreyi, but the sepals are elongated in fruit and rigid with a strong midrib. Dr}^ soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1887, F. Tzueedy, 2iy. Yellowstone Park: 1884, F. Tweedy, igj, in part, and ig4'. East Fork of Yellowstone, 1885, 814. * Cryptanthe ambigua (Gra}^) Greene, Pittonia, i: 113; Krynitzkia anibigiia Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 426]. Somewhat like C. Watsonii in habit, but the nutlets are more or less muricate. Valle}\s, up to an altitude of 2500 m. 332 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 23-24, iS(^'] , Rydbtrg d- Bessey, 4886 and 4887. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885,^. Tzccedy, 813. * Cryptanthe polycarpa Greene, Pittonia, i : 114. Resembling somewhat C. crassisefala in habit, but without the thickness of the sepals. Its muriculate nutlets are also uniform, ovate-deltoid, gray spotted with brown and with a small triangular areola. Montana: 1889, F. D. Kehey ; Virginia City, 187 1, G. M. Allen (Hayden Survey). * Cryptanthe Kelseyana Greene, Pittonia, 2 : 232. Nearest related to C. Patiersonti, but differing in the form of the nutlets. In C. Pattersonii they are equal and smooth ; in C. Kelseyi three are gray, ovate, acuminate, and sparsely tuberculate, the fourth much smaller, red and smooth. Montana: Ellison, 1889, F. D. /iV/5 : 387 ; Man. R. M. 291]. Wet meadows, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1889, F. W, Trafhagen; Bozeman, 1886, Tzveedy, loyy; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, 759 i Hilger's, 1892, lielsey ; West Gallatin, 1892, W. T. Shazv; Silver Bow Co., Ahs. Moore; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribner, 21'/. SOLANACEAE. Physalis longifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II., 5: 193 [111. Fl. 3: 129; Rydb. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 4: 338] ; Physalis lance- olata laevigata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 68 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : "237 ; Man. R. M. 270]. On dry prairies and plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Stillwater, 1889, Tzveedy, 6; Sand Coulee, 1885, R. S. Williams, 2gj. Physalis Virginiana Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 4 [111. Fl. 3 : 130; Rydb. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 4 : 343 ] ; Physalis lanceolata R. & S. .Syst. Veg. 4: 673 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 236, mainly ; Man. R. M. 270] ; not Nutt. On prairies, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Helena, Kelsey. Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ; Wats. King's Exped. 5 : 276 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 243; Bot. Cal. i: 545; Man. R. M. 271]. In valleys, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Cinnabar, 1887, Tzveedy, 147; 1888,/^. W. Anderson. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. i : 128 [111. Fl. 3: 135 ; Syn. Fl. 2^ : 227; Man. R. M. 268]. In loose soil, as in " prairie-dog towns" and cultivated ground, up to an altitude of 2000 m. ^ Montana: Madison River, 1886, Tzveedy; Bozeman, 1884, Tzveedy; Yellowstone River, near Fridley, August 22, 1897, Ryd- berg (£■ Bessey, 4Q0j; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 4.06; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. T. Shazv. 342 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Solanum rostratum Dunal, Sol. 234 [111. Fl. 3: 136; Syn. Fl. 2^: 231; Bot. Cal. i: 538; Man. R. M. 269]. Montana: Helena, 1892, Annie Bt'ooke; Custer County, 1892, Mrs. /. E. Light. SCROPHULARIACEAE. *Verbascum Thapsus L. Sp. PI. 177 [111. Fl. 3: 143 ; Syn. Fl. 2^ : 250]. A tall densely woolly plant, 1-2 m. high, with a long dense spike of yellow flowers having five stamens. It is sparingly introduced from Europe. Montana: Fort Logan, 1892, E. N. Brandcgee. Pentstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia, 2: 239; Gerardia fruticosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2 : 423 ; Pentstemon Menzicsii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 98, in part [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 259 ; Bot. Cal. I : 556; Man. R. M. 274]. The figure in Pursh's Flora shows that the original of Gerardia fruticosa is the rather rare species with |obovate sharply-toothed leaves. Of this I have seen only the following specimen from our region : Montana: Lake Terry, 1892, R. S. IVi/lianis, Spi. * Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: /(5,- Pentstemon Menziesii Doiiglasii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 56, in part [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 260] ; not P. Doiiglasii Hook. Differs from the preceding in the oblanceolate or oblong entire leaves. It is common in the valleys, at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Granite, 1892, E. D. Kelsey ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Elodman, y6o and y6i ; Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 9, 1897, Eydberg & Bessey, ^po(5; Emigrant Gulch, 4^4^; Helena, 1891, Kelsey ; Deer Lodge Co., Emma y. Ware ; Madison Co., Mrs. L. A. Fitch. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. II. Hall ; Slough Creek, 1885, Z7f6?£'r/y, (?<57 (flowers violet-purple); 1883, J/«rr Comfton. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4goy. * Pentstemon Scouleri Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. i2yj ; Pentste- mon Menzicsii Scouleri Gx-an, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 56 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 260] . Similar to the preceding, but with narrow lanceolate leaves which are sparsely and acutely serrate. At an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 20^. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 343 * Pentstemon Lyallii Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 440 ; Pentstemon Menziesii Lyallii Grdiy, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 26. Differs from the three preceding in the long corolla which is 3.5-4 cm. long, fewer flowers, and longer thinner sharpl}^ serrate leaves. Rare, growing only in the western portion of the state. Montana: Missoula Canon, 1880, f'Fa/^c'w ; northwestern Mon- tana, 1861, Lyall; Missoula, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 248. * Pentstemon ellipticus Coulter & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 302. Characterized by its low cespitose habit, 1-3-flowered flower- cluster, and small oval serrate leaves, which are not coriaceous as they are in the other species of the group. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canhy, 24"/. * Pentstemon montanus Greene, Pittonia, 2 : 240. Perhaps somewhat related to the five preceding species, but the stems are not woody, except the perennial caudex, and with rather fleshy, not leathery, sharply serrate ovate leaves. Mountain sides, at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Mystic Lake, 1895, Rydberg, 2'j8i. Yellowstone Park: Mt. Holmes, 1884, F. Tzueedy, ^i ; Mt. Norris, 1885, 866 (type) ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4gog ; 1873, C. C. Rarrv, 204. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4^08. Pentstemon Fremontii Torr. & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 60 [Syn. Fl. 2\- 262; Bot. Cal. i: 622; Man. R. M. 274]. In the mountain regions, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzueedy, 861. *Pentstemon Brandegei Porter. Pentstemon c\ananthus Brandegei Voriev Syn. Fl. Colo. 91. Stem tall, 3-5 dm. high, terete, glabrous or minutely puberulent, strict, light-colored; basal leaves 5-8 cm. long, oblong, petioled, entire, glaucous, glabrous, or puberulent under the lens ; lower stem- leaves lanceolate, the upper ones ovate-cordate, sessile or somewhat clasping, 3-7 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide; bracts lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long ; calyx 4-5 mm. long, its lobes short, broadly rhomboid or cune- ate, broadly scarious-margined and cut-toothed, short-acuminate ; cor- olla dark blue, about 3 cm. long, obliquely funnelform, only slightly gibbous on the lower side ; lip slightly bearded inside ; sterile stamen club-shaped, almost glabrous. 344 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Nearest related to P. cyananthus, differing mainly in the short calyx and the broad and strongly scarious calyx-lobes. The follow- ing specimens are in the herbarium of the College of Pharmacy, New York. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzueedy, §2. Colorado : Sierra Majado, 1874, ^- ^' Brandegee (type). Pentstemon cyananthus Hook. Bot. Mag. 44.64.; Penistcmon gJaber cyananthiis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 60 [Syn. Fl. 2' ; 263 ; Man. R. M. 275]. Characterized by its subcordate stem-leaves and long-acuminate calyx-lobes. At an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Pleasant Valley, 1871, G. N. Allen (Hayden Survey). * Pentstemon glaber speciosus (Dougl.) ; P. spcciosus Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. lyzo. Taller and more slender than the species, the inflorescence rriore lax, and the upper leaves much diminished. Mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydhcrg d- Bessey, 4pii. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1894, ^- ^• Biirglehaus; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1884, Tweedy, ^2 : 1885, 86i. ' ' Idaho: Mount Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydhei'g & Bcssey, 4gi2 and 4^13 (the latter a monstrosity with poh'petalous corolla). Pentstemon acuminatus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1283 [111. Fl. 3: 154; Syn. Fl. 2': 263; Bot. Cal. i: 559; Man. R. M. 275]. Dry hills and plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzveedy, yi ; Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphag-cn; Great Falls, 1886, B. S. Williams; Gal- latin Co., Mrs. Mary L. Alderson ; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Custer Co., Mrs. Ligiit ; Bozeman, 1883, Scribner, 1S4. * Pentstemon saltans. Stems 2-4 from a perennial root, 2-3 dm. high, finely puberulent, terete, often tinged with brown ; basal leaves obovate, about 5 cm. long, entire or somewhat toothed, light green and rather firm ; stem-leaves opposite, oblanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, the lower with winged petioles, the upper sessile, all firm, light green, entire at the base, the upper part dentate with salient sharp teeth ; MEMOIRS OF THE NEW VORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 345 calyx about i cm. long, villous-viscid, divided almost to the base ; lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla about 2 cm. long, reddish, puberulent, obliquely funnelform, gibbous on the lower side near the throat ; limb over 15 mm. wide ; lower lip inside and the sterile stamen bearded with long yellow hairs which are club-shaped and curved at the apex. In the general habit and the size and form of the flower this suggests P. Jamesii and P. cn'status, but is apparently not related very closely to either. It is easily distinguished by the saliently toothed leaves. In the western part of the state, at a low altitude. Montana : Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, jj. * Pentstemon ovatus Dougl. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. 2poj [Syn. Fl. 2' : 266] . Characterized by its ovate sharply serrate bright-green leaves, and the purple-blue corolla which is bearded in the throat. On wooded banks. Montana : Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Pentstemon secundiflorus Benth. ; DC. Prod. 10 : 325 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 263 ; Man. R. M. 275]. At an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 2og. Pentstemon cristatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 52 [111. Fl. 3: 151 ; Syn. Fl. 2': 266; Man. R. M. 276]. Hillsides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1888, F^. D. Kelsey ; Upper Missouri, 1889, Dr. V. Havard; Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. W. Traphagen ; Madison Co., 1888, Tzveedy, 75; Bridger Mts., June 11, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^.gi^; Great Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 126 ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Mary L. Alderson; Bozeman, 1883, Canby, 2^g; Shields River, 1883, Scribncr, 18 j. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall, Mammoth Hot Springs, 1887, Txveedy, 86 j ; Stinking Water Creek, 187 1, Robert Adams (Hayden Survey). Pentstemon albidus Nutt. Gen. 2 : 53 [111. Fl. 3 : 152 ; Syn. Fl. 2^ : 266; Man. R. M. 276]. On sandy plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana : R. S. Williams. * Pentstemon CO Qfertus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot, Reg. 1260 [Syn. Fl. 2} : 267 ; Bot. Cal. i : 560]. 346 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Taller than P. procerus and with ochroleucous or sulphur-yellow flowers. Moist ground, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Helena, F. D. Kelscy ; Sun River Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, 6g'j ; Trout Creek, 1891, 81^ ; 1892, Miss Emma Ware; Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 5/; Big Hole Valley, 1880, Watson. Pentstemon procerus Dougl. ; Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Jour. 1829: 348 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. 2954 ; Pentstemon confertiis coertileo-pur- ■puretis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 72 [Syn. Fl. 2': 267; Bot. Cal. i: 560; Man. R. M. 276]. Montana: Helena, 1889, F. D. Kelsey ; Haystack Peak, 1887, Tweedy, 57 ; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, y62 ; Spanish Basin, ydj and yS^; Bozeman, ydj ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kelsey; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore; Lake Plateau, 1897, P, Koch, jj ; Sun River, 1887, P. S. Williams, 6gy ; Trout Creek, 81^; Litde Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 186; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Txveedy, 7/ ( with short scarious-margined calyx-lobes ) ; Missoula, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzceedy, jo; 1883, Mary Compton. * Pentstemon Rydbergii A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. ]5ot. Club, 25: 281. Resembles somewhat the preceding, but is a taller plant, about 3 dm. high, with a narrower corolla. In habit it more resembles P. confertus, but has a blue, not yellow, corolla. The sepals are scari- ous-margined. Montana: Plains and vallevs near Flathead Lake, 1883, Canby^ 252. * Pentstemon micranthus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 45. Like the last, but with a still narrower corolla, 8 mm. long, the tube about 2 mm. in diameter, the limb 5 mm. wide ; leaves linear or lin- ear-oblanceolate. Montana: Rocky Mountains, Wyeth. * Pentstemon pseudoprocerus. Perennial with a woody caudex, perfectly smooth up to the glan- dular-pubescent inflorescence ; stems about 2 dm. high, simple ; basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, entire ; stem- leaves similar or the upper lanceolate, acuminate or acute ; inflores- cence interrupted-spicate, more or less distinctly verticillate ; calyx MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 347 about 5 mm. long, glandular-pubescent, its lobes short, triangular ; corolla fully 1.5 cm. long, dark purplish blue, cylindric-funnel- form, slightly oblique, a little gibbous, puberulent ; lower lip a little longer than the upper one, with a few long hairs inside ; sterile stamen with a spatulate end, densely covered with a yellow beard. Intermediate between P. procertis and P. /nmiilts, having the general habit and leaves of the former, but the corolla of the latter. Its flowers are half again longer than those of P. -procerus^ and they are much more open and less bearded within. The stem-leaves are never toothed as in P. humilis^ and all the leaves are much thicker. Not uncommon in the mountains, at an altitude of 6000-8000 feet. Montana : Bridger Mountains, June 12, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4gig (type) ; July 11, 4^18 ; 1896, Flodman, 76-/ ; Little Belt Mts., 768 ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tivccdy, 74. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Spi'ings, 1885, Tweedy, 861. Idaho: M. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydherg d: Bessey, 4^17. * Pentstemon pseudohumilis. Perennial, from a branched creeping rootstock, quite glabrous up to the inflorescence ; stem 2-3 dm. high, simple ; basal leaves broadly spatulate or elliptic, thin but firm, obtuse or acutish, con- tracted into a slightly winged petiole, with perfectly entire margins ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, mostly all opposite ; inflorescence paniculate with short branches, sometimes almost ver- ticillate, more or less glandular-pubescent ; calyx glandular-pubes- cent, 4-6 mm. long, deeply cleft into lanceolate slightly scarious- margined acute or acuminate lobes; corolla bluish purple, slightly pubescent, about 1.5 cm. long, funnelform, slightly oblique, some- what gibbous ; sterile stamen with the spatulate end densely covered with a yellow beard. Nearest related to P. humilis and the preceding. From the former it differs in the leaves which are never toothed, and turn brownish in drying, and in the shorter branches of the inflorescence. It differs from P. pseudoprocertcs in the thinner and generally broader basal leaves, the longer sepals and the inflorescence which is less like an interrupted spike. Grows on wooded mountain-sides, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 4^16; Monarch, 1890, R. S. Williams, 181. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^1^ (type). .348 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Pentstemon humilis Nult. ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 69 [Syn. Fl. 2': 267; Man. R. M. 277]. On hills and plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Sweet Water Basin, Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzueedy^ j6a ; Bozeman, 1873, Catihv, 2ji ; Helena, 1890, Kclscy. Pentstemon gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 52 [111. Fl. 3: 153; Syn. Fl. 2'\ 26-] ; Man. R. M. 277]. Dry plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzveedy^yj: Lima, 1895, Bydberg, 2y8o; Wisconsin Creek, 1892, H. M. Fitch; West Gal- latin, 1883, Scribncr, iSS : Shinberger's Canon, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzveedy, 864.. * Pentstemon Tweedyi Canby & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 15 : 66. A small plant about i dm. high, with linear basal-leaves and -almost scapose stem with a few-flowered one-sided raceme. Dry hills, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzccedy, jj. » * Pentstemon aridus. Densely cespitose, glabrous, except the glandular-pubescent in- florescence ; radical leaves linear, sometimes almost subulate or narrowly oblanceolate, thick and stiff, 2-4 cm. long ; stem-leaves generally opposite, about 2 Qm. long, usually linear-subulate, erect; flowering stems about i dm. high ; calyx 5 mm. long, glandular- pubescent, its lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla about 12 mm. long, blue, tubular-funnelform, the lower lip slightly longer than the upper ; sterile stamen narrowly linear and glabrous, except the slightly dilated spatulate villous end ; cells of the fertile anther divaricate ; pod 6-8 mm. long, broadly ovoid. It is of about the same size as P. Tn'ccdvi, which, however, is easily distinguished from it b\' the broader thinner leaves, almost leafless flowering stems, one-sided inflorescence, and more plainly bilabiate corolla. P. aridus more resembles P. gracilis in the shape of its smaller corolla, but the whole plant is smaller and has different leaves. It mav be mistaken for P. larici/olius, which is said to occur in Wyoming. On dry hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4g20 (type); Cedar Mountain, July 16, ^gji ; Beaver Head Co., MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 349 1888, Tzcecdy, j6 ; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2782; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, y6g and Jjo; Anaconda, 1892, Kelsey ; Willow- Creek, 1883, Scribner, i8y. Pentstemon glaucus Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1829: 348 [Syn. Fl. 2': 268; Man. R. M. 277]. In the mountains, at high altitudes. Yellowstone Park: Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, 5. Pentstemon pumilus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Sci. Phila. 7: 46 [Syn. Fl. 2^ 269; Man. R. M. 278]. A very rare plant from the Rockies. Montana : Little Goddin River, Wyct/i. Pentstemon deustus Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. ijiS [Syn. Fl. 2^: 269; Bot. Cal. i: 559; Man. R. M. 276]. In the mountain regions, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzvecdy, j8 ; Horse Plains, 1883, //. B. Avres, 4a; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Pai'ry^ 2oy ; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; Junction Butte, 1885, Tweedy, 86S. * Pentstemon diphyllus. Stem much branched, from a perennial base, minutely puberulent all over and more or less glandular on the upper portion, 2-3 dm. high ; leaves opposite, 3-5 cm. long, with short but slender petioles, or the uppermost sessile, lanceolate, acute, sinuately dentate with di- vergent teeth ; intlorescence leafy, paniculate ; flowers on very short pedicels, 15-18 mm. long; calyx glandular-pubescent, cleft to near the base into very unequal lobes about 5 mm. long ; corolla curved, funnelform ; sterile stamen filiform, only slightly thickened at the apex, sparingly bearded. Nearest related to P. triphylliis, and Dr. Gray included in the latter Cooper's rather fragmentary specimens. It is, however, a very distinct species, differing in the more leafy and more branched habit, the broader and opposite leaves, and the narrower and less bearded sterile stamen. Grow\s in rocky woods. Montana: Mullen Pass, i860, y. G. Cooper; Soap Gulch, Sil- ver Bow Co., 1888, Tweedy, 72. CoUinsia parviflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1082 [Syn. Fl. 2': 256; Bot. Cal. i: 555; Man. R. M. 273]. On mountain-sides, especially in sandy soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. 350 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, jT. IV. Traphagcn; Clark's Fork, 1883, F. Tzveedy; Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodman, '/■/j ; Bridger Mts., June 12, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.^22; Spanish Basin, June 23-28, 4g2j and 4924; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 492^; Helena, 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; Deer Lodge Co., Eimna J. Ware; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. S/iazv ; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 246 (unusually- tall) : Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tzvecdv, 88j. Mimulus Lewisii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 427 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 276; Bot. Cal. i: 566; Man. R. M. 280]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Jocko River, 1880, Watson; Park Co., 1887, Tzreedy, 55; Spanish Basin, 1896, F/odnian, yyi ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4948; Twin Bridges, 1891, Mrs. L. A. Fitch; Belt Mts., 1890, R. S. Wz'/h'afns, 188 ; Bozeman Canon, 1897, H. S. Jennings; Madison Co., Afrs, L. A. Fitch; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 2jj ; White Sulphur Springs, 1883, Scribner, i8g. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, 8'/j ; East De Lacv's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g47 ; Lower Falls, 187 1, Hay den Survey. Mimulus Langsdorfii Donn, Bot. Mag., under pi. ijoi ; Mimulus luteus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 426 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 277 ; Bot. Cal. i : 517 ; Man. R. M. 280] ; not L. In wet and muddy ground, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana : John Pearsall, 868 ; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, j6 ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 772; Bridger Mts., 773; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4Q4S ^ Spanish Basin, July I, 4^46: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williains, 314; Bozeman, 1897, i^. S. Jennings : 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Madison Co., Mrs. Flora McJVulty ; Boulder Creek, 1883, Scribner, igo. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, 1884, F. Tzveedy, 46 (depauperate); 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1885, Tzveedy, 874; Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^44. Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11 18 [111. Fl. 3: 159; Syn. Fl. 2': 278; Bot. Cal. i: 569; Man. R. M. 280]. In springy ground, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., 18(^6, Flodman, 774; Bozeman, 1892, MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 35 1 Mrs. M. L. Alde7-son and F. D. Kclscy ; Deer Lodge Co., Emma J. Ware. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tweedy, 8y8 ; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^42; Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7» 4943- Mimulus floribundus Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. ii2j [Syn. Fl. 2^: 278 ; Man. R. M. 280; Bot. Cal. i : 569]. Wet places, up to an altitude of perhaps 2000 m. Montana: Great Falls, 7?. S. Williams; Bitter Root Valley, 1880, Watson. Mimulus Tolmiei (Benth.) ; Eunanus Zb/w/V/ Benth. ; DC. Prod. 10 : 374 ; Mimulus nanus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11 : 96, in part [Syn. Fl. 7>: 274 and 444; Bot. Cal. i: 564; Man. R. M. 279] ; not Hook. & Arn. Two species are generally included in M. names, in one of which the flowers are scarcely i cm. long, not quite half as large as those of the other. This is, however, not the original 31. nanus and must therefore take the only available name, 3f. Tolmiei. In sandy soil. Yellowstone Park : Old Faithful, 1888, Dr. C/ias. H. Hall; 1873, Parry, 214; Upper Geyser Basin, 1884, Tweedy, 4"/; Aug. 6-8, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g4; Snake River Valley, 1872, y^. M. Coulter. Mimulus Breweri (Greene) ; Eunanus Breweri Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad, i : loi ; Mimulus rubellus Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 451, in part [Man. R. M. 279, in part]. More viscid than the true M. rubellus and with rose-colored flowers. A plant 2-4 cm. high, growing in sandy soil, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tweedy, 8j^ and Sjd. * Mimulus Suksdorfii Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^ : 450. Like the last, but with larger yellowish corolla and oblong lanceo- late leaves. In sandy soil. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tweedy, Sjj. * Monniera rotundifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 22 [111. Fl. 3 : 161] ; Herpestis rotundifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 418 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 280]. On muddv shores and in shallow water, up to an altitude of 1000 352 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. m. A small plant with orbicular or broadly obovate sessile opposite leaves, and small blue flowers. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, 8§6. Gratiola Virginica L. Sp. PI. 17 [111. Fl. 3: 161 ; Syn. Fl. 2' : 281 ; Bot. Cal. i: 570; Man. R. M. 281]. In springy places, up to an altitude of 1000 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1882, 7?. ,5". Williams, jij. Limosella aquatica L. Sp. PI. 631 [111. Fl. 3: 165; Syn. Fl. 2^ r 284: Bot. Cal. I : 571 ; Man. R. M. 281]. In shallow water, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1888, jR. S. Williams, -jyg; Gallatin River, 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park ; 1853, Hayden Survey; Yellowstone Lake and Turbid Lake, 1885, Tzveedy, 441: Yellowstone Lake, 1871^ Hayden Survey. Synthyris rubra (Hook.) ; Benth. DC. Prod. 10 : 455 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 286; Bot. Cal. i: 571; Man. R. M. 282]; Gymnandra rubra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 103 ; Wulfenia rubra Greene, Erythea, 2: 83 [111. Fl. 3: 166]. Professor Greene transferred all the species of Synthyris to Wulfenia. This was, however, not warranted, for the European and Asiatic Wulfenias have a corolla with an evident tube, and the capsule is 4-valved instead of 2-valved, neither flattened nor emarginate at the apex. On hills and mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, F. W. Traphagen; Helena, 1890, F. D. Kelscy; Madison Co., 1888, F. Tweedy, 6g; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, J84.; Bridger Mts., June 15, 1897, Rydberg- & Bessey, 4^28 2Ln6. 4g2g: Cedar Mountain, July i6,4gjo; Great Falls, 1888, R. S. Williams, 11^; Deer Lodge, 1892 and Boze- man, W. T. S/iaiv ; Bozeman Pass, 1883, Scribner, igi. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, F. Tweedy, Synthyris plantaginea Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 455 [Syn. Fl. 2': 286; Man. R. M. 282] ; Wulfenia plantaginea Gy&hw^, Er3'thea,. 2: 83. On mountain sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana : Hell Gate, John Pearsall. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 353 Synthyris pinnatifida Wats. King's Exped. 5: 227 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 285 ; Man. R. M. 281] ; Wulfenm finnatlfida (Wats.) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 83. On alpine peaks, at an altitude of 3000 m. and more. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, jo; Ruby River, 1887, 26g (second flowering); Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^26; Bridger Mts., June 15, 4Q2y; Beaver Head Co,. 1880, Watson; Bald Mountain, 1880, Watson. * Synthyris laciniata (Gray) ; Synthyris pinnatifida laciniata Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 286. Gray regarded this as a variety of the preceding, but it is evidently a good species. The leaves are not pinnatifid, but round or reniform and laciniately cleft to the middle or less. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, ^55. Veronica scutellata L. Sp. PI. 12 [111. Fl. 3 . 167 ; Syn. Fl. 2^ : 287 ; Bot. Cal. i: 572; Man. R. M. 282]. In brooks, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lo-Lo Creek, .1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy, 881. Veronica Anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. PI. 12 [111. Fl. 3 : 167 ; Syn. Fl. 2': 287; Bot. Cal. i: 572; Man. R. M. 282]. In water, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, iS^6, Tweedy, 1162; Lo-Lo, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Veronica Americana Schwein ; Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 468 [111. Fl. 3: 167; Syn. Fl. 2^: 287; Bot. Cal. i: 572; Man. R. M. 282]. In water, especially in slow brooks, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Lodge Pole Creek, 1889, Z?r. V.Havard; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2'/8j ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, yyd and y/y ; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g3g; Jack Creek, July 15, 4940; northern part of the state, 1888, R. W. Anderson; Bozeman, 1892, R. W. Shaw; Deer Lodge Co., Rmnia J. Ware. * Veronica Americana crassula. Small and delicate, scarcely over i dm. in height; flowers much smaller than in the ordinar}'^ form; leaves 5-10 mm. long, oval or oblong, with a short petiole, rather fleshy, and with an entire margin. In bogs, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. 354 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Montana: Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodman^ y/8 (type). Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tweedy, ^8. Veronica Wormskjoldii R. & S. Syst. i : loi ; Veronica alpina Worniskjoldii Ylook. Bot. Mag. 2gj^ ; V. alpina Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^ : 288, in part [Man. R. M. 282] ; V. nutans Bong. Veg. Sitk. 39. I think that this should be separated from the European V. alpina, which is a much smaller plant with a short spike, large flowers and broadly oval leaves. Along brooks, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, ^4.; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, jjg; Little Belt Mts., ySo and jSi ; Pony Mts., July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^36; Yogo, R. S. Williams, 483 ; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 38 and ^/ ; Belt Mountain, 1883, Canby^ ig4; Odell's, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tweedy; 1885, 882; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, /pjj; East De Lace3^'s Creek, Aug. 10, ^pj/. Veronica serpyllifolia L. Sp. PI. 12 [111. Fl. 3: 169; Syn. Fl. 2': 288 ; Bot. Cal. 1:572; Man. R. M. 282]. Wet places in open woods, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2284: Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodman, ^82; Spanish Basin, 783; Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4^33; Belt Creek, 1886. R. S. Williams, 486; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Estella Muth; Boulder Co., 1883, Scribner, 1^3. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Lake, Tzveedy, 880; East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^34; 1883, Mary Compton; Mud Springs, 187 1, Hay den Survey. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. PL 14 [111. Fl. 3: 169; Syn. Fl. 2^: 288; Bot. Cal. I : 572 ; Man. R. M. 283]. In loose soil and waste places, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg c^ Bessey, 4^31 ; Lower Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams, 136; Cottonwood Creek, 1892, W. F. Shaw ; Columbia Falls, Mrs. J.J. Kennedy, 44. Yellow^stone Park: Yellowstone Lake, 1885, F. Tweedy, 8jg; Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^32. * Castilleja stricta. Annual; stem strict, 3-8 dm. high, more or less glandular- hirsute, leafy, and with a very long spike-like inflorescence ; leaves MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 355 linear-lanceolate, 3-10 cnr. long, 3-nerved, more or less glandular- hirsute, only the upper floral ones tipped with scarlet ; flowers pedicellate, about 2 cm. long; calyx ovoid-cylindric, somewhat gibbous at the base, more deeply cleft above than below, equalling or more often a little exceeding the yellow corolla, the lobes linear-lan- ceolate, acuminate; corolla cylindric, the galea rather broad, about half as long as the tube, the lip small and with rather narrow sub- equal lobes. Nearest related to C. minor, and has been included in that species by most authors. That species differs, however, in the much more slender stem, the lower portion of which is almost glab- rous or merely puberulent, not hirsute, and of a very light color; in the very remote lower flowers ; in the calyx, which is almost always shorter than the corolla and scarcely deeper cleft above than below ; and in the broader lateral lobes of the lip. Ranges from Nevada to Wyoming and Montana, while the range of C. minor is from New Mexico to Southern California and Mexico. The following specimens have been examined : Montana: Helena, 1888, 7^. D. Kelsev ; Warm Springs, 1892, Kelsey ; Missouri River, 1883, Scrihner, 795, Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tweedy, ^2. Wyoming: Ft. Washakie, 1894, A. Nelson, 144. Utah: 1874, C. C. Parry, 1^4.; Cache Co., 1890, C. K. Dodge. Nevada: Ruby Valley, 1868, S. Watso7i, 8og (type). *Castilleja Crista-galli. Perennial, wdth a woody caudex, about 4 dm. high, finely pilose throughout, and somewhat villous on the upper parts ; lower leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 3-nerved, divaricate or somewhat reflexed, the upper broader, ovate or oblong, often divided at the end into 3—5 oblong-linear divisions, those of the spike beauti- full}^ coccineous ; calyx 2-2.5 cm. long, green at the base, coccine- ous at the top, cleft on the lower side about two-thirds way down, on the upper scarcely one-half ; corolla about 3.5 cm. long, usually some- what curved and protruding through the lower slit of the calyx, green and tinged with red, especially on the margins of the galea, the latter nearly 1.5 cm. long, the lip about 5 mm. long, dark green, its lobes rather broad. Resembles somewhat C. linearifolia in the size of the flowers, the color and the lower leaves. The calyx is much larger, almost three-fourths the length of the corolla, and is less crimson than in that species. The upper leaves are also much broader, and more 356 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. like those of C. rhexifolia, but usually more cleft, from which it dif- fers in the unequally cleft calyx. In open woods, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Bridger Mountains, June 17, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bessey^ 495O' Castilleja hispida Benth. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 105 ; Enchroma Bradburii ^mXX. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7 : 47 ; Castilleja parvijior a Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. (II.) 33 : 43 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 296, in part ; Bot. Cal. I : 574; Man. R. M. 284] ; not Bong. Castilleja -parvijiora Bongard is not found in the Rocky Mountains ; it is characterized by its small flowers and broad pectinately cleft leaves ; what has generally gone under that name is the present species. It grows on exposed hills, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Wyeth {E. B?'adburii, in part) ; Beaver Head Co.,. 1888, F. Tzvcedy,37; Sheridan, 1892, Mrs. L. H. Fitch. * Castilleja oreophila Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25 : 264. Resembles much C. hispida, differing in the lower habit, the deep rose-purple coloration of the bracts and the short inflorescence. It is a truly alpine plant. Montana: Maryville, 1892, F. D. Kclsey. * Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 616; En- chroma angustifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7 : 46. Like C. hispida, but smaller and less hair}', with narrowly linear leaves, and with smaller flowers. Montana: Wyeth: Deer Lodge, 1888, Traphagrn. * Castilleja Suksdorfii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22 : 311. Characterized by its dark reddish purpie coloration, its creeping- rootstock and the loner rr^ilea which makes the flowers, therefore, much longer than those of the related species. Montana; 1887, Kelsey. Yellowstone Park: Slough Creek, 1885, Tivecdy, 8jo. * Castilleja rhexifolia. Perennial, with a woody caudex, about 4 cm. high, glabrous be- low, more or less villous above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 3-5-nerved, about 5 cm. long, the upper often 3-5 cleft, but not deeply so, with lanceolate lobes, the floral ones bright scarlet ; calyx about 2.5 cm. long, green at the base, otherwise coccineous or scarlet, about equally cleft above and below, the clefts on the sides MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 357 about 5 mm. deep ; corolla as in C. Crista-galli, about 3 cm. long with a galea about i cm. in length. This has apparently been included in C. mineata, but is in my opin- ion not nearly related to that species. It is easily distinguished by the different coloration, the broader leaves, the larger flower and the comparately shorter galea, which is scarcely more than half as long as the tube. The color of this and the following is the same as in C. Siiksdorjii, but the}^ have a comparatively shorter galea than that species. Grows, like C. Crista-galli, in small clumps, but differs in the broader leaves and the equally cleft calyx. It is not uncommon in open woods in the mountain regions, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. The following localities have been recorded : Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4951 (type); Near Pony, July 7,^^52; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flod- man, yS^ ; Gallatin Co., Mfs. Finlay ; Boulder Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 62; Cutbank Creek, 1883, Caiiby, 2^"/. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, August 18, 1897, Rydbe?'g & Bessey, 4gjj. Wyoming : LaPlata Mines, Aven Nelson, 1808. * Castillo j a lance if olia. Perennial, with a long creeping rootstock, not growing in clumps, 4-6 dm. high, sparingly villous, or glabrate, comparatively very leafy ; leaves lanceolate, often acuminate, 3-5 cm. long, rather firm, 3-nerved, the upper seldom if ever cleft ; calyx and corolla as in the preceding species ; corolla about 3 cm. long with a galea slightly over i cm. in length. In habit, leaves and color strikingly like C Suksdorfii, except that in that species the upper leaves are often cleft. The corolla of C. Suksdorfi is different, however, being full}^ 4 cm. long, with the galea nearly one-half its length. From the preceding it is easily dis- tinguished by the thicker and narrower leaves and the creeping rootstock. Grows on hillsides, especiall3^in rich soil among bushes, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 26 and July i, 1897, Rydberg <& Bessey, 4gs4 (type), 4955 and 4956; 1896, Flodman, '/8y; Little Belt Mountains, 786; Mill Creek, 1887, Tzueedy, 63; Trail Creek, 64; Fort Ellis to Yellowstone, 187 1, Hayden Survey ; Belt Moun- tains, 1883, Scribncr, ig6; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 26g. 358 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, August i8, 1897, Rxdberg & Bcsscy, 4gjy; East De Lacey's Creek, August 10, 4gs8; 1895, Tweedy, 86g (?). Wyoming: Gros Ventre River, 1897, F. Tweedy, 2^0; Union Pass, 1894, Aven Nelson, 8jj. Idaho : Lake Waha, 1896, A. A. & E. G. Heller, 326y. * Castilleja Tweedyi. Perennial, from a woody caudex, 1-5 dm. high, finely puberulent all over, or sometimes glabrate, the upper part somewhat villous ; lower leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, 3-6 cm. long, the upper ones broader, and often cleft, the floral ones often yellowish green, tipped with bright red as in C. inineata ; calyx about 2 cm. long, equally cleft before and behind, the clefts on the side shallow, less than 5 mm. deep ; corolla 2.5 cm. long, greenish, tinged and margined with red, the galea shorter than the tube, i cm. long ; lip green, with broad lobes. The flowers in form and size resemble those of the preceding two species, but are of a red, not scarlet, color. The most striking difference is, however, in the tufted stems arising from a woody cau- dex, while in the preceding species they are generally single and from a running rootstock. It most resembles C. mincata, and has been included in it. It does not form such large clumps as that species ; the upper leaves are often cleft, while in C. mincata they are nearly always entire, and the stem is often branched. The main dif- ference is, however, m the flower, which in C. mincata has a smaller corolla, scarcely 2 cm. long, and the galea fully as long as the tube ; the lip in that species is very dark green and has narrower incurved lobes. It grows in very big clumps, in open meadows in the lower regions of Montana, while C. Tzvccdyi grows on hillsides in the mountains, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy, ^gdz (type) ; Cedar Mountain, July 16, ^gdo (depauperate) ; Bridger Mountains, June 15, 4gsg; Sun River Canon, 1887, R. S. WilliamSy 151; Deer Lodge, 1888, 7^. W. Traphagcn. Wyoming: Medicine Bow Mountains, H. Englcmann ; Buffalo Fork, 1897, E. Tweedy, 231. Castilleja mineata Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 106 [Syn. Fl. 7> : 297 ; Bot. Cal. i : 574 ; Man. R. M. 284] ; Castilleja pallida Unalaschensis Cham. «& Schl. Linnaea, 2: 581. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 359 This species is characterized b}' its brick-red bracts and calyx. Grows in big clumps in meadows, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Wolf Creek, July 24, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.^6^. * Castilleja sulphurea. Perennial, with a short more or less branched caudex ; stem 3-5 dm. high, striate, finely puberulent or the upper portion slightly vil- lous, simple ; leaves lanceolate or the upper ovate, 4-5 cm. long, entire, acute, finely puberulent, 3-5-ribbed, light green ; bracts 2-3 cm. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, entire, or with a few small teeth on the side above the middle, 3— 5-ribbed, puberulent, light yellow with a greenish base : calyx about 1.5 cm. long, about equally cleft before and behind and cleft about 2-3 mm. at the sides; corolla greenish, tinged with red, 2.2-2.5 ^^^- ^o'^g' the galea about three times as long as the lip which is deeply 3-cleft. In color and general habit it most resembles C. hitea Heller, but differs in the form of the leaves and bracts and in the pubescence. C. lutea is densely villous, its leaves are cleft into linear-lanceolate segments and its bracts are more or less lobed or cleft. The leaf-form is that of C. rhexifolia, described above, from which it is easily dis- tinguished by the color of the bracts and the form of the corolla. Grows on wooded hillsides, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1897, Rydberg & Bcsscy, 4g66 (type). Wyoming: Cummins, 1895, Aven uVelson^ 1461. South Dakota: Little"] Elk Creek, 1892, Rydberg, g2g; Box Elder Creek, 1887, W. S. Rusbx (these Black Hills specimens with narrower leaves than the type). * Castilleja lutea Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 268. Somewhat related to C. kispida, but characterized by its floral bracts, which are pale yellow and lobed, with the terminal segment broad and rounded, and the lateral ones lanceolate. The lower leaves are lanceolate, the upper 3-5-lobed, with the terminal lobe broader. The pubescence is villous. Montana: Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, ig8. YELLO^vsTONE Park : 1883, Miss Mary Compton. * Castilleja lutescens (Greenman) ; Castilleja pallida lutescens Green- man, Bot. Gaz. 25: 265. Stouter than the next, to which it is related ; leaves linear-lanceo- late to oblong-lanceolate, the lower entire, the upper often trifid, 360 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. scabrous especially on the upper surface ; lip shorter in proportion to the length of the galea. . Montana: Jefferson City, 1883, Scn'bncr, ig-j; Nevada Creek, 1883, Canby, 2^g. Castilleja acuminata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2 : 775 [111. Fl. 3 : 180] ; Bartsia acuminata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 429; Castilleja septen- trionalis Lindl. Bot. Reg. p^j ; C. pallida scptcntrionalis Gray, Bot. Cal. i: 575 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 297; Man. R. M. 284]. In the mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana : Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg- & Bessey, 4g6y. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy^ 8yi and 8'/2 ; Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g6i ; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 4^64. Castilleja occidentalis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 230; Castilleja pallida occidentalis Gray, Bot. Cal. i : 575 [S3'n. Fl. 2^ : 297 ; Bot. Cal. I : 575 ; Man. R. M. 284]. On the highest alpine peaks, at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tzveedy, jq; Gallatin Peak, 1886, ii6s; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^67. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzveedy, 88^ ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 4^68; Mt. Chittenden, 1885, Tweedy^ 883. Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 738 [111. Fl. 3: 180; Syn. Fl. 2' : 298; Man. R. M. 285]. On dry hills and plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: White Bear Creek, Yellowstone Co., 1889, Tweedy; Grafton, 1892, R. S. IVillianis, no; Cutbank Creek, 1883, Canby, 256. Castilleja brachyantha ; Castilleja brevifora Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. (11.) 33: 338. 1S62 [Syn. Fl. 2^: 299; Man. R. M. 285] ; not DC. 1846. In alpine regions ; rare. Yellowstone Park: Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, 10. Castilleja flava Wats. King's Exped. 5 : 230 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 299 ; Man. R. M. 285]. In valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: 1888, Tzveedy, 66; Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g6g. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAI. GARDEN. 361 Castilleja pallescens (Gray) Greenman, Bol. Gaz. 25 : 266 ; Ortho- carpus pallcsccns Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. (II.) 33 : 339 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 299; Bot. Cal. i: 576; Man. R. M. 286]. On dry hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman^ j8g and /po; Old Hollowtop, Pon}', July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4^72; Bridger Mts., June 12, 4^71; Bozeman, 1892, W. F. Shazu ; Bozeman, 1887, Tzvcedy, 61 ; Upper Marias Pass and Blackfoot Cit}^ 1883, Canhy, 262. Yellowstone Park: vSepulchre Mt., 1884, Tzceedy, 4J ; 1885, ■884; 1873, C. C. Parry, 218. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 27, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 4^73. * Castilleja pilosa (Wats.) ; Orthocarfus pilosiis Wats. King's Exped. 5: 231 [Bot. Cal. i: 576]. On hills and plains, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, 6§. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tiucedy, 88j. * Castilleja villosa. Perennial, about 3 dm. high, strict and simple, villous throughout; leaves ovate, about 3 cm. long and i cm. wide, 3-ribbed, with i or 2 large lanceolate lobes on each side, densely villous-pubescent ; bracts similar but more oblong, with more oblong and obtuse lobes and tinged with yellow ; inflorescence long, constituting about two- thirds of the length of the plant ; flowers nearly erect ; calyx about 2.5 cm. long, equalling tbe corolla, cleft slightly deeper in front than on the back, villous, its two lobes oblong, truncate, toothed and yel- lowish at the apex ; corolla yellow, villous, the galea about i cm. long, about one-half longer than the lip. A close relative of the two preceding, especially of C. pilosa, from which it differs in the denser pubescence, the broader and less divided leaves and bracts, and twice as large flowers. Plains and valleys. Montana: Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 261 (type). Yk:llowstone Park : Black Tail Deer Creek, 1884, T'cvredy, 44. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. 2: 57 [111. Fl. 3: 181; Syn. Fl. 2' : 301 ; Bot. Cal. I : 577 ; Man. R. M. 286]. On prairies and in valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, F. Tweedy; Bozeman, 1887, F. Tweedy, 60; Cottonwood Creek and Bozeman, 1892, Wm. 362 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Shaw; Gallatin Qo., Mrs. Mary L. Alder son; Helena, 1894, E. Douglas; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg & Besscy, 2^88; Great Falls, 1890, R. S. Williams, ^^ ; Judith Gap, 1882, Canby : Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1893, A. Brazen; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tweedy, ^j ; Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, 4^7 j ; Lake, 187 1, Hay den Survey. *Orthocarpus tenuifolius Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12; DC. Prod. 10 : 536 [Syn. Fl, 2" : 300 and 453 ; Bot. Cal. i : 577] ; O. line- arifolitis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 95 [Man. R. M. 286]. Differs from O. luteus in the purplish floral leaves, which are un- like the rest, broad, entire or with some lateral lobes, and more or less petaloid. In valleys, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy : Gallatin Co., Mrs. Mary L. Alderson; Spanish Basin, June 25, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4- -. 300 and 452. Like the preceding, but with still broader floral leaves and rose- colored corolla. On dry plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana : Deer Lodge and Gallatin Counties, Miss Ware and Miss Hodgman ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2'/8y: Trout Creek, R. S. Williams, j2. Adenostegia ramosa (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, 2 : 180; Cordylan- thus raniosus Nutt. ; DC. Prod. 10 : 597 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 303 ; Man. R. M. 286 ; Bot. Cal. i : 580] . In dry places, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. Elephantella. Galea produced into a filiform beak which is soon upturned ; throat with a tooth on each side ; corolla-tube almost included in the 5- toothed calyx ; lips very broad ; otherwise as in Pedicularis. The following, together with a few others, constitute a very well defined group, very unlike typical Pedicularis, and I believe it de- serves generic rank. The name is given in allusion to the form of the corolla, which strikingly resembles the head of an elephant, the produced beak of the galea forming the trunk, the lateral lobes of the lip, the ears, and the stigma the finger-like appendage of the trunk. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 363 Elephantella Groenlandica (Retz.) ; Pedicularis Groenlandica Retz. Fl. Scand. Ed. 2, 145 [111. Fl. 3: 184; Syn. Fl. 2': 306; Bot. Cal. I : 582 ; Man. R. M. 287]. In swamps and wet meadows, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Grasshopper Creek, 1885, Tweedy, Sy ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, dy ; Boulder Creek, 1887,5^; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore; Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, 6g5; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, ygi ; Spanish Basin, ygs ; June 28 and July i, 1897, Rydhcrg d: Bessey, ^gy6 diXid. /{.gyy ; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, JO and 60; Carbon Creek, 1883, Canby, 26^; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 202 ; Madison Valley, 1871, Hayden Survey. Yellowstone Park: 1893, A. Brozvn; 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1884, F. Tzueedy, a; 1885, 8gi ; 1883, Mary Compton. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 108 [Syn. Fl. 2^ 306; Bot. Cal. i: 582; Man. R. M. 287]. This species and the next two are so unlike the genus Pedicularis proper, that they also might be removed from the genus. The short tube of the corolla, the long and circinate incurved beak of the galea, the very broad lower lip and the calyx cleft in front are characters which I believe are sufficient upon which to establish a new genus. It will be wiser, however, to wait until some work can also be done on the Asiatic species of this group. P. racemosa grows on wooded mountain-sides, at an altitude of TOOO-3000 m. Montana: Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzveedy, 68; Bitter Root Mts., i860, y. S. Cooper: SWxqy Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore ; Sun River, 1887, ^- -S- Williams, 6g6 ; Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.g8o; Ross' Hole, 1880, Watson. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1884, Tzveedy; 1885, 8go; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4.g82 ; Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, ^ and 6. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g8i. * Pedicularis contorta Benth. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 108 [Syn. Fl. 2': 306]. Like the last as to the corolla, but the leaves are pinnately parted into linear serrate lobes, the spikes naked and the calyx-lobes lanceolate. On mountain-sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Mt. Blackmore, 1886, Tweedy, 1163; Deer Lodge, 1889, Traphagen; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore, Mrs. :^6^ MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Helen Dolman; Yogo, R. S. Williams, iy8 ; Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodman, jgS ; Spanish Peaks, 7^4; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4978; Pony, July 7, 4g7g; McDonald's Peak and Priest's Pass, 1883, Canhy, 26^; Belt Mountain, 1883, Scrihner, 201: Odell's and Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson. * Pedicularis ctenophora Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 292. Like P. co)itorta, but the corolla purplish, the calyx more gibbous above, purple-striate and more or less villous at the base, and the bracts larger. Grows on mountains, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 278^. Wyoming: Big Horn Mts., 1898, Tweedy. Washington: Mt. Stewart, 1883, T. S. Brandeg-ee, 1026. * Pedicularis Hallii. Perennial, from a short rootstock, glabrous up to the inflorescence ; stem 1-1.5 dm. high, almost leafless; basal leaves numerous, deeply pinnately parted into oblong-linear divisions, which are finely crenate- serrate ; bracts deeply dissected ; calyx more or less villous ; corolla nearly 2 cm. long, purple, the galea falcate with a conical beak, without teeth, the lip very broad, crenulate, about half as long as the galea. Nearest related to P. Parrxi, with which it has been con- fused. The form of the leaves and of the corolla is almost the same in the two, but the color of the corolla of P. Parryi is ochroleucous or yellow, and the calyx, in all specimens seen by me, glabrate. Most specimens labeled P. Pariyi from Montana and northern Wyo- ming probably belong here. The characters in Gray's Synoptical Flora (2^: 306), "or the inflorescence slightly pubescent," proba- bly refer to this species. I have dedicated this to Dr. Charles H. Hall, who is one of its collectors. Grows on high mountains, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, ji. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall (type) ; 1873, C. C. Parry, 21 j, in part; 1883, Mary Conipton. Wyoming: 1897, Mt. Leidy, Tzveedy, 240; Buffalo Mountain, 241. Pedicularis Parryi Gray, Am. Journ. Sc. (II.) 34 : 250 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 306; Man. R. M. 287]. Alpine peaks, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 27^1. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 365" Pedicularis bracteosa Benlh. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: no [Syn. Fl. 2': 308; Man. R. M. 288] ; Pedicularis recutita Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2 : 425. In wet meadows, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, 51 ; \'^'^<^, Tweedy; Colum- bia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 57,- Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman ; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 488; Granite, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Mystic Lake, i^g'^, Rydberg, 2'/^o; Spanish Basin, iS<^6, Rlodinan^ 7gj ; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 498^; Boze- man, 1883, Canby ; Belt Mts., Scribner, 20J. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tweedy, 88g. * Pedicularis Montanensis Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 293. Resembles the preceding, but is more slender, the spike shorter, the corolla purple except a part of the lip which is yellow, and the lower lip wider. In meadows, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana : Little Belt Mountains, iS(^6, Rlodinan, 7g6; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 268; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 266, in part. Yellowstone Park: Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, iSg'j, Ryd- berg <&: Bessey, 4^84. * Pedicularis Canbyi Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 454. Resembles somewhat a depauperate P. racemosa; but the spike is short, the calyx sparingly villous, the beak of the corolla truncate, and the lip very short, its lobes erose-crenulate. At an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: McDonald's Peak, 1883, W. M. Canby, 266, in part. * Pedicularis cystopteridifolia. Pedicularis data Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 425, 1814; not Willd. 1800. t Perennial, from a short thick rootstock ; glabrous up to the villous spike ; stem 1-3 dm. high, strict, slightly striate, shining and more or less purple-tinged, rather few-leaved ; leaves pinnately divided into triangular-lanceolate segments, these again sharply incised and serrate; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, about 2 cm. long; calyx densel}' villous ; corolla very dark reddish purple, over 2 cm. long ; galea falcate, arcuate, with a truncate apex and this with a pair of t Graj makes P. data Pursh, a sjnonvm of P. bracteosa. Lewis' specimens at tlie Philadelphia Academy are mere fragments, but they apparently belong to this species.. 366 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. teeth on the lower side, the crenulate lobes of the lip protruding and reaching near to the apex of the galea. Intermediate between P. scopiilorum and P. Stideiica, but often taller and more leafy than either. From the former it differs in the less open corolla, the evident teeth on the lower side of the truncate tip, and in the form of the leaves. In P. sco^ulorwm the rachis is rather broad and the divisions of the leaves short and cren- ulate, while in this the rachis is very narrow, and the divisions long and deeply incised-serrate ; in this respect it resembles more P. Sudetica, from which it differs in the much more hair}^ calyx and the less open corolla. Montana: Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4983 (type) ; Park Co., 1887, F. Tweedy; Mt. Blackmore, 1886, 1 164; Gallatin Co., Afrs. M. L. Alderson; Polk Co., 1887, Tweedy. Yellowstone Park: Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tweedy, ^g ; Mt. Washburn, 1885, 888. Wyoming: Sheep Mountain, 1897, Tzveedy, 2^2. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Sp. PI. 603 [111. Fl. 3: 187; Syn. Fl. 2' : 310 ; Man. R. M. 288] ; RhinantJms mino7' Ehrh. Beitr. 6 : 44. In woods, at an altitude not exceeding 1500 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 8g^. * Melampyrum lineare Lam. Enc. 4: 22 [111. Fl. 3: 188]; Me- lampvnim Americanum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 16 [Syn. Fl. 2^ : 310]- A small plant with linear or lanceolate opposite leaves, turning black in drying, and small axillary pale-yellow flowers. In thickets, at an altitude of less than 1500 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 40; Jocko River, 1883, Canby, 26p. OROBANCHACEAE. Orobanche Ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2 : 58 [111. Fl. 3 : 196] ; Aphyllon Ludovicianum Gray, Bot. Cal. i: 585 [Syn. Fl. 2': 313; Bot. Cal. i: 585; Man. R. M. 289]. Parasitic mostly on Artcniisias, Ambrosias and other composites. In sandy soil, reaching an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4g88 ; south of Snowy Mountains, 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park : Pelican Creek, 1885, Tzueedy, 42^. MEMOIRS OF THE NE^V YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 367 Thalesia fasciculata (Nult.) Britton, Mem, Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 298 [111. Fl. 3: 195]; Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. 2: 59; Afhyllon fasciculatum Gray, Man. 290 [Syn. Fl. 2': 312; Bot. Cal. I : 584 ; Man. R. M. 289] . Parasitic commonly on species of Ariemisia. On dry hills, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, JF. D. Kelsey ; Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4g8g; Spanish Basin, 1895, Flodman^ 7P7,' Park Co., 1887, Tzvcedy, ij8 ; Spanish Basin, June 24, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4ggi ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Mary L. Alderson; 1883, Scribner, 208. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; Yellowstone Lake, 187 1, Uaydeti Siirvey. Thalesia fasciculata lutea (Parry) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5 : 298 [111. Fl. 3 : 195] ; Philipaca lutea Parry, Am. Nat. 8 : 214 ; Aphyllon fasciculatu7n lutcum Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 312 [Man. R. M. 289] . Parasitic on grasses. Growing on dry plains or hills, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bridger Mts., June 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4gg2 ; Sixteen Mile Creek, 1883, Scribncr, 2oy. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 202. * Thalesia purpurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 313. Resembles T. unifora, but has larger and darker flowers. It grows on open gravelly hills, up to an altitude of 200 m. Montana: Deer 'L.od.^^Qo., Miss Emma Ware; West Gallatin, 1883, Scribncr, 206. LENTIBULARIACEAE. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 18 [111. Fl. 3: 191; Syn. Fl. 2': 315; Bot. Cal. i: 586; Man. R. M. 290]. In stagnant water, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, 617; Alhambra, 1892, F. D. Kelsey; Sun River, 1883, Scribncr, 205. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 4g86 ; Lewis Lake, 1884, Tweedy, 228. Utricularia minor L. Sp. PI. 18 [111. Fl. 3 : 192 ; Syn. Fl. 2^ : 315 ; Bot. Cal. i: 586; Man. R. M. 290]. In shallow still water, up to an altitude of 2500 m. 368 MEMOIRS OF THE XEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4gSy. PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 112 [111. Fl. 3: 206; Syn. Fl. 2': 389; Bot. Cal. I : 611 ; Man. R. M. 299]. In waste places, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 4gpo; Madison River, 1886, Tzceedy, 1208; Elliston, \%'^(^, Kelsey. * Plantago Asiatica L. Sp. PI. 113; Plantago major Asiatica De- caisne, according to Gray, S}^. Fl. 2' : 389. In habit it is almost identical with P. Rugelii Decaisne, from which it differs mainly in the much shorter capsule and the less carinate and broader bracts and sepals. P. Rugelii is confined to Eastern and Southern North America. Its place in the West is taken by the present species. From P. major it is distinguished by the longer acute spike, and the capsule which is circumscissile much be- low the middle. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg, 2jg2 ; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 808 : Bozeman, W. T. S/iazv. * Plantago Tweedyi Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 390. Resembles somewhat a depauperate form of P. major, but has nar- rower oblong thin leaves, mostly 3-5-ribbed. On grassy slopes, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Gallatin River, 1886, Tzveedy, 120^. Yellowstone Park : Mirror Lake Plateau and East Fork, 1885, Tzveedy, 4j2. Plantago eriopoda Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 237 [111. Fl. 3: 208; Syn. Fl. 2': 390; Man. R. IM. 300]. In saline meadows, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Ennis, 1886, Tzcecdy, 1204: Jack Creek, July 19, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4994: Helena, 1892, Kelsey ; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alder son ; Madison River, 1883, Scribner, 2ig: Judith Basin, 1882, Canby. Plantago Purshii R. & S. Syst. 3: 120 [111. Fl. 3: 209] ; Plantago gnaphalioidcs Nutt. Gen. I : 100 ; Plantago Patagonica gnap/ia- lioides Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 269 [Syn. Fl. 2' : 391 ; Man. R. M. 300] . MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 369 In loose soil, old fields, waste places and on sandy prairies, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1888, F. D. Kelsey ; Madison Co., 1886, F. Tweedy, i2oy; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rvdhcrg & Bessey^ 4gg3 ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Alder- son; Deer Lodge, 1892, W. T. S/iazv ; Custer Co., 1892, Mrs. Fight. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Marx Comfion. Plantago aristata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 95 [111. Fl. 3: 209]; Plantago Patagonica aristata Gray, Man. Ed. 2 : 269 [Syn. Fl. 2': 391 ; Man. R. M. 300]. On prairies and plains, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 1206. * Plantago myosuroides. Plantago Bigclovii Wats. King's Exp. 5: 212; not A. Gray; Plantago fiisilla Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 392, in part; not Nutt. A small cinereous-puberulent annual ; leaves narrowly linear, 3-8 cm. long and 1-2 mm. wide ; spikes several, 4-6 cm. long, on scapes of nearly the same length; bracts boat-shaped, /. e., strongly cari- nate, especially the lower portion, and scarious-margined ; sepals oval, obtuse and scarious-margined, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla of the fertile flower narrowed and closing over the maturing capsule which is about 3 mm. long, or about twdce the length of the sepals, ellipsoid, finely muriculate under the lens; seeds 2 in each cavity, oblong, flattish, dark brown. Nearest related to P. pusilla Nutt., differing in the larger size, larger flowers, the longer capsule which is twice as long as the sepals and circumscissile below the middle, and in the more decidedly carinate bracts. Montana: Tzveedy. It has also been collected by Geyer on the Upper Missouri. Utah: 1869, S. Watson, y^.^ (type). Assiniboia: Cypress Hills, 1894, Jo/in Macoun, 5861. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Sambucus melanocarpa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 76 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 8; Man. R. M. 124]. In canons and along streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Mullan Tunnel, 1890, F. D. Kelsey; Granite, 1892, 370 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. ^(?/5n'; Melrose, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2'jg6; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flod- man, Sog and 810; West Boulder, 1887, Tzuccdy, yS : Bozeman, 1892, W. T. S/iazv: Madison Co., 3frs. L. A. Fitch; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 502"/ and joj/; Bridger Mountain, June 18, J028 : Spanish Basin, June 26, j02g: Ponv, July 7, jOjo: Prickly Pear Creek, 1883, Scr/bncr, 6jc. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 20, iSg'j , Rydbefg d- Ressey, jOj2. Sambucus pubens Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 181 [111. Fl. 3: 228] ; Sa))ibuciis raccmosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 279 [Syn. Fl. i" : 8; Bot. Cal. I : 278 ; Man. R. M. 124]. In the mountains, at an altitude of 2000 m. and more. Yellowstone Park : 1884, F. Ticccdy, 2gg. Sambucus Canadensis L. Sp. PI. 269 [111. Fl. 3: 228: Syn. Fl. I-: 9; Man. R. M. 124]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2500 m. ; rare. Montana: Deer Lodge Co., Einuia J. Ware. Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie : Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. 2 : 17 [111. Fl. 3: 230: Syn. Fl. i" : 10: Man. R. M. 124]. Along streams, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: South Mill Creek. 1887, F. Tzcccdy, 76: Flathead River, 1883, Canby, ijg. Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 107 [111. Fl. 3: 235; Syn. Fl. I-: 13: Bot. Cal. i: 279: Man. R. M. 125]. In valleys and canons, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Fydbcrg £• Bcsscy, 202j ; Jack Creek, July 14, 2026. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1897, Rydberg d: Bessev, J 02^. Symphoricarpos pauciflorus (Robbins) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 305 [111. Fl. 3: 2^6^ : Symphoricarpos racemosus pau- ciiionis Robbins; Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 203 [Syn. Fl. i'- : 14: Man. R. M. 125]. On hillsides, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: F. W. Anderson: Belt River, 1886, R. S. Williams, j88; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, J022; Forks of the Madison, July 26, §02 j. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 37 1 Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 285 [111. FI. 3: 236; Syn. Fl. I-: 13; Man. R. M. 125]. In open valleys, up to an altitude of 2200 m. Montana : Helena, 1889 and 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; Madison Co., 1886, Tzvccdy, 1086; Lewis and Clarke Co., Mis. E. Miith : West Gallatin River, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Wolf Creek, July 24, 1897, Rydberg ci- Bessey, joij; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 3016; Snowy Mountain, 1882, Caiiby ; Horned Creek, 1883, Scrihncr, 67. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tweedy; 1885, 788. * Symphoricarpos vaccinioides. Symfhoricarpos montanus Wats. King's Exped. 5: 132, in part; not H.B.K. S. rotundifoliiis Gray, Syn. Fl. i- : 14, in part. A densely and intricately branched shrub, 5-8 dm. high ; bark of the older stems dark grayish brown and shreddv, that of the youno- branches very light yellowish brown and shining; leaves about 2 cm. long, oval, acute at both ends, dark green above, more or less glau- cous beneath, puberulent or glabrate ; corolla elongated-campanu- late or cylindric-funnelform, 6-8 mm. long and 3-4 mm. in diameter, the lobes rounded, merely spreading ; berr}' white, about i cm. long and 7 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid; seeds about 5 mm. long, slightly acutish at the lower end. S. vaccinioides is intermediate between S. orcophihis and S. 7-otiindifoliiis. It resembles most the former in the foliage and the seeds, but the latter in the flowers ; in the herbaria it is found un- der both names. Glabrate specimens in fruit are \^x\ hard to dis- tinguish from those of S. orcophilus,h-a\. the calyx-lobes are shorter; in flower, however, the two are readily separated, as the corolla of S. vaccinioides is scarcely more than half as long as that of S. oreophilus. S. rotundifoliiis differs from both in the round or broadly ovate obtuse densely hairy leaves. Probably all the specimens from the northern Rockies, referred to either S. oreophilus or S. ro- tundiJ~olius, belong to S. vaccinioides : at least that is the case with all found in the Herbarium of Columbia University. The following specimens belong to this species : Montana: Lima, 18^^, Rvdderg, 2 7pj ; Forks of the Madison, July 24, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, J017 (type) ; Indian Creek, July 22, jOi8 ; German Gulch, 1889, R. W. Traphagen. Yellowstone Park : Electric Peak, August 18 and 20, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, joig and j020. 372 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Wyoming: Spread Creek, 1897, Tzvccdy, 4jS ; Carper Moun- tain, 1894, Avcn Nelson, 608. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, 5021. Washington: Mt. Paddo, 1883, W.N. SiiJcsdorf (referred to S. rotutidifolius b}- Gray). Utah: 1874, ^- ^- P^if'^y-, S8 ; Beaver Valley, iS']'], E. Palmer^ j88j; Uintas, 1869, S. Watson, ^75 (?), in part. Linnaea borealis L. Sp. PI. 631 [111. Fl. 3: 235; Syn. Fl. i^: 13; Bot. Cal. i: 278; Man. R. M. 124]. In damp woods, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Litde Rocky Mts., 1889, Dr. V. Havard; Gran- ite, \%()2, F. D. Kelscy : Sheep Creek, 1896, Flodnian, 8oj ; Span- ish Basin, 80S; Deer Lodge Co., Emma J. Ware; Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^oog. Yellowstone Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, f;oo8 ; Lower Falls, 187 1, Haxden Survey. * Lonicera ebractulata. A shrub 1-2 m. high, with gray bark, divaricately branched ; leaves light green, somewhat glaucous beneath, hairy on the lower surface and ciliate on the margins; petioles 5-10 mm. long; blade elliptic- ovate to broadly ovate, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide ; flowers in pairs from the axils of the leaves ; peduncles about i cm. long ; bracts small, about I mm. long, scarcely one-third the length of the ovary ; bract- lets apparently none ; ovaries distinct, diverging ; corolla light yellow, nearly 2 cm. long, funnelform, saccate at the base on the ventral side ; tube hairy within ; berry red, 6—8 mm. in diameter. Closely related to L. Utahensis and L. ciliata, but tlie former has narrower glabrous leaves, while in the latter the leaves are gen- erally acutish ; both have bracts half as long as the ovary or more, and evident but small oblong or rounded bractlets. It grows at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July 28, 1897, Rydberg <&■ Bessey, J070 (type) ; Park Co., West Boulder, 1887, Tweedy, 77; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams. Idaho: Latah Co., 1893, C. V. Piper, lyig; Lake Waha, 1896, A. A. & E. G. Heller, jiyg ; Pioneer, 1892, Isabel Mulf or d. Lonicera Utahensis Wats. King's Exped. 5: 133 [Syn. Fl. i- : 15 ; Man. R. M. 125]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 373 On wooded hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Yogo, 1888, 7?. S. Williams, 4^^ ; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodnian, 80^ and 806; Silver Bow Co., Afrs. Jennie H. Afoore; Deer Lodge, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Bozeman, 1883, Canby, 162. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1885, Tzueedy, 7 go. *Lonicera coerulea L. Sp. PI. 174 [111. Fl. 3: 240; Syn. Fl. i- : 15; Bot. Cal. i: 281]. The specimens referred here may belong to an undescribed species, but as they are in fruit and no flowers have been seen, I refer them to the species to which they are nearest related. They have the bluish green leaves and the dark fruit with a bloom of JL. coerulea, but the leaves are longer, more tapering at the base and thinner, and the young branches are light yellow. It grows in open woods, at an al- titude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : North Fork of Gibbon River, 1884, K. Tzueedy, 2g8 ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, jOii; Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 1897,50/2,' Lone Star Geyser, Aug. 7, 501:;. LoDicera ciliosa Poir. Encycl. Meth. 5 : 612 [Syn. Fl.i'-: 16; Man. R. M. 126]. On wooded mountain-sides, up to an altitude of perhaps 2000 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, 886; Flathead Lake, 1883, Canby, 161. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks. ; Richards. Frankl. Journ. App. Ed. 2, 6 [111. Fl. 3: 242; Syn. Fl. i"- : 16; Bot. Cal. i: 280; Man. R. M. 126] ; Xxlostetim involucrattim Richards. 1. c. In wet places in the mountains, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1889, F. W. Traphagcn; 1845, Geyer, 8^\ Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, 622; Granite, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tzveedy, ij8 ; Silver Bow Co., Miss E. Hotchkiss; Lake Abundance, 1897, P. Koch, 78. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; 1885, Tzueedy, y8g; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12, 1897, Rydberg (£r Bessey, 5014.. 374 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. ADOXACEAE. Adoxa moschatellina L. Sp. PI. 367 [111. Fl. 3: 243 : Syn. Fl. i- : 8: Man. R. M. 123]. In wet shady I'ocky places, at an altitude of 1500—2000 m. Montana: Basin, 1892, Kclsey. RUBIACEAE. Galium Aparine L. Sp. PI. 108 [111. Fl. 3: 220; Syn. Fl. i-' : t^6; Bot. Cal. i: 284; Man. R. M. 127]. In rich open woods and among bushes, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Bridger Mts. , June 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, ^o^j. Galium Vaillantii DC. Fl. Franc. 4: 263; Galium spun'nin L. Sp. PL 106 (?) [111. Fl. 3: 220]: Galium Aparine Vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330 [Syn. Fl. i" : 36; Man. R. M. 127]. The name G. spurium has been taken up for this species ; but it is described as having glabrate fruit which is not the case in the present species, in which the fruit is even more bristly than in G. Aparine. Montana: Giant Spring, 1885, R. S. Williams, 2 y^; Bozeman, 1884, Tweedy, 8j ; Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey ^ J041 ; Forks of the .Madison, June 26, 1897, 30^2. Yellowstone Park: Swan Lake, 1885, Tweedy, 326 ?^\\^ 32(). Galium triflorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 80 [111. Fl. 3 : 223 ; Syn. Fl. i^: 39; Bot. Cal. i: 284; Man. R. M. 127]. In swamps and wet meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1889,/^. D. Kclsey; Sheep Creek, 1896, Flodman, Sij: Lewis & Clarke Co., J/rs. E. Miith; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 22,1897, TPvrt'- berg- ci- Bcsscy, jOj^; Fort Ellis to the Yellowstone, 187 1, Ilaydcii Survey. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzvccdy, 527; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1897, Rvdberg & Bessey, jOjj. Galium boreale L. Sp. PI. 108 [111. Fl. 3: 222; Syn. Fl. i- : 2^1 Bot. Cal. I : 285 ; Man. R. M. 127]. Among bushes, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, F. D. Kclsey; Belt River, 1886, R. S. Williams, jSp; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 811 ; Bozeman, 812; Bozeman, 1887, T'wecdy, 164; West Gallatin River, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Bridger Mts., June 17, 1897, Rydbcrg d- Bessey, SOj8; MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 375 Jack Creek, July 14, sojg; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Christie: Jeffer- son City, 1883, Scribner, dyb ; Fort Ellis, 187 1, Hayden Survey. Yellowstone Park : 1886, /^/vi-wm //(?//,• 1884, Tzcccdy. * Galium boreale linearifolium. Leaves narrowly linear with involute margins and faint lateral ribs ; margins and ribs mostly hispidulous-ciliate ; flowers smaller, ochroleucous ; fruit densel}' hispid. Maybe distinct from G. boreale, but good characters are lacking. Grows among bushes, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Nebraska: Pumpkin Seed Valley, 1891, Rydberg, /jy (type). Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896. Flodman, Sij. Washinlumbiana Greene, Er^ythea, 2: 95. Resembles somewhat C. villosa, but the leaves are few, spreading or reflexed, and the pubescence more hispidulous. On hillsides. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jeiniic H. Mjore : Helena, 1883, Scribncr. y^a. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II. ) 7 : 316 [111. Fl. 3: 325]: Diplopappus hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22; Chrysopsis villosa hispida G\-?i\, Syn. Fl. i" : 123 [Man. R. M. 145]'. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 38 1 On sandy plains and hills, up to an altitude of looo m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 7?. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 7/7. * Chrysopsis depressa. Intricately branched, from a woody caudex ; stems less than i dm. high, densely short-pilose, very leafy: leaves seldom over i cm. long, obovate or spatulate, on very short petioles, divaricate, densely grayish strigose ; heads on naked peduncles about i cm. long, small, 7-10 mm. high ; bracts linear, acute, puberulent, in about 3 rows, one-third shorter than the disk ; achenes silky strigose. A species belonging to the C. villosa group ; distinguished by the tufted habit, small leaves and small pedunculate heads. On hot-spring formations. Yellowstone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, August 4, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, jody. * Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 307 ; Aplopap- piis carthamoides Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1863: 65 [Syn. Fl. I-: 126]. Somewhat resembling P. integrifolia in habit, but with broad ob- long to lanceolate and more or less mucronate-tipped leaves. Dry plains and hills, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 16; Ignatius Mission, 1883, Canby, idy. Pyrrocoma integrifolia (Porter) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 69 ; Aplofap- pits intco-nfolins Porter; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 79 [Syn. Fl. I-: 128; Man. R. M. 146]. Mountain meadows and hillsides, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, i860, Dr, Cooper; Gallatin River, 1886, Tweedy, iiij; Beaver Head Co., 1888, 2J2; Jack Creek, June 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 505J ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore-, Helena, 1887, R. S. Williams, joS ; Judith Gap, 1882, Canby ; Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson, i88j; Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 28og. Pyrrocoma lanceolata (Hook.) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 69 ; Donia lanceolata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 25 ; Aplopappus lanceolatus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 241 [Syn. Fl. i" : 129; Man. R. M. 147]. Plains and hillsides, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Sun River, 1887, R. S. Williams, 707. 382 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, Pyrrocomi uniflora (Hook.) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 60 ; Donia unffora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 25 : Aplopappns unljiorus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 241 [Syn. Fl. i" : 128; Man. R. M. 146]. In saline soils and around hot-springs, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. All Montana and Yellowstone Park specimens are much smaller than Hooker's type and often with entire leaves. Montana: Granite, 1892, F. D. Kehey ; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tjueedv, 2ji ; Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson, 18^. Yellowstone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, I^yd- berg & Besscx, ^ojo and 30^2: Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, jOji ; Hot Springs, Yellowstone Lake, 1884, Tzvecdy, ijj. * Pyrrocoma inuloides (Xutt.) Greene, Erythea. 2 : 60 : Aplopappns inidoides Torr. & Gra}-, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 241 : Aplopappns tiniflorns Grav, Syn. Fl. i'- : 128, in part. Like P. iin/flora, but denselv woollv. At an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, /^p. * Pyrrocoma Howellii (Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 70 ; Aplopappns Hoii'd/ii Gvdy, Syn. Fl. i- : 446. Like P. nniffora, but sericeous-tomentose when young, bracts rather obtuse and leaves subentire. Montana: Butte, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2808. Pyrrocoma Lyallii (Gray) ; Aplopappns LyalUi Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1863: 64 [Syn. Fl. i" : 131 ; Man. R. M. 148]. It is with great hesitation that I refer this species to Pyrrocoma^ as the habit is different, the pappus white, and the bracts rather thin. The bracts are foliaceous, not with the thin margin of Stcnotns and the leaves are not evergreen. Hence placing it in Stcnotns would not do. It was placed by Gray nearest H. pygniacns, which Greene has referred to Macroncnia. The present species could not be referred there as it has neither the thick bracts nor the long style of that genus. It may be the type of a new genus, but my material is too meagre for a thorough study. Montana: McDonald's Peak, Mission Range, 1883, Canhy, 166 ; Indian Creek, Juh^ 22, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcsscy. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzvecdy, yjd. Stenotus caespitosus Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7:335; Aplopappns acanlis glabratns Eaton, King's Exped. 5: 161 [Syn. Fl. i': 132; Man. R. M. 149]. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 383 On rocky hills, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: H^'^-//; ; Bear Gulch, 1887, Tzueedy^j^'/ ; Deer Lodge, 1888,7^. W. Traphagen ; Bridger Mountains, June 15 and 17, 1897, J^ydherg d: Bessey, J047 andjo^p; Clendennin, 1882, R. S. Wil- liams, 206. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzueedy, izy. Idaho : Mount Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5048. Stenotus acaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 : 334 ; Aplopap- pus acaulis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 353 [Syn. Fl. i' : 132; Bot. Cal. 1:311; Man. R. M. 148]. On rocky hills and mountains, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Wyel/i: Helena, 1890,/^. D.Kelsey; Gallatin Co., 1888, Tzueedy, jo. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, 162: 1888, Z>r. Chas. II. Hall. Stenotus lanuginosus (Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2: 72; Aplopappiis laiiuginosus Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. 17 : 347 [Syn. Fl. i' : 131 ; Man. R. M. 148]. In rocky places in the mountains. Montana: Lewis and Clarke Co., 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; Trail Creek Prairie, 1880, Watson, 182. Oonopsis multicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, 3 : 45 ; Stenotus niul- ticaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 = 335 5 Aplopappus multicaulis Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 213 [Syn. Fl. i' : 129; Man. R. M. 147]. In rocky places, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 164.. Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 = 3^1 [111. Fl. 3 : 328] : Aplopappus XuttalliiTorr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 242 [Syn. Fl. I-: 125; Man. R. M. 146]. On dry hills and plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 6g: Snowy Mountains, 1882, Canhy ; Bull Mountain, 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park: 1873, C. C. Parry, 161. Eriocarpum spinulosum (Pursh) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 108 [111. Fl. 3: 329] ; Aniellus spinulosus Pursh, Fl. x\m. Sept. 2: 564; Ap- lopappus spinulosus DC. Prod. 5: 347 [Syn. Fl. i" : 130; Man. R. M. 148]. 384 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. On prairies, especially in sandy soil, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, F. D. Kchey ; Great Falls, 1885, F. W. Anderson, ig6; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 57,- Dear- born River, 1883, Scribncr, 75. * Macronema grindelifolium. A much-branched undershrub, 1-2 dm. high ; young branches glandular-puberulent ; leaves oblong or spaiulate, more or less fleshy, 1-2 cm. long, obtuse or mucronate, hnely glandular-puberu- lent, and with a more or less crisped margin ; heads 1.5 cm. high, the bracts rather few, the outer ones foliaceous, oblanceolate, acute, mostly longer than the disk; rays 6-12, rather conspicuous, often i cm. long. Nearest related to M. sajfrnticosum, which, however, differs in having narrowly oblanceolate acute leaves, which are 2-3 cm. long, shorter and fewer, if any, ray-flowers, and a longer pubescence. Grows among rocks, on the higher peaks, at an altitude of 2500- 3000 m, Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy, 11 14. Yellowstone Park: Sepulchre Mountain, 1884, Tweedy, ijg; Electric Peak, August 18, iS()'] , Rydhcrg & Bessey, ^o^.^ {\.y^€)\ 1873, C. C. Parry, 161. Wyoming: Sheep Mountain, 1897, Tzueedy, §^2. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5046. * Macronema lineare. Perennial, with suffruticose base; stem erect, about 1.5 dm. high, finely white-tomentose ; leaves numerous, linear, acute, glandular- puberulent, bright green; heads 1-1.5 cm. high, the bracts rather few, linear, somewhat foliaceous, but seldom equalling the disk ; rays none. A near relative of M. discoideum, but it is distinguished by the narrower and brirrhter green leaves, the more slender branches, the finer and more appressed tomentum, the smaller heads, and the shorter outer bracts. In sandy or gravelly places, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Yellowstone Park: Elephant Back, 1885, Tweedy, 722; Shores of the Yellowstone, J2^. Wyoming: Gros Ventre River, 1897, Tweedy, 5 sj {\.yy^€). * Chrysothamnus puberulus (D. C. Eaton) Greene, Erythea, 3 : 93 ; Linosyris viscidijlora puherula Eaton, King's Exped. 5 : 157 ; Bige- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW VORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 385 lovia Doiiglasii lanccolata Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 140, in part; B. Douglasii fiihcriUa Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 639 [Bot. Cal. i: 318]. Like C. viscidifonis, but the leaves narrower and puberulent. Dry plains and prairies, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Gardiner, 1885, Tweedy, 'J24. * Chrysothamnus stenophyllus (Gray) Greene, Erythea, 3 : 94 ; Bi- gelovia Doiiglasii stenopJiylla Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 644 [Syn. Fl. I- : 140] . Like C. viscidiforiis, but with linear almost filiform leaves which are generally spreading. Dry hills and benchlands, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Logan, 1895, Rydhe?-g, 280J ; Fridley, Aug. 22, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, jO^^a; Billings, 1898, WiUiains cf- Grif- jith; Logan, 1895, Rydberg, 28 oj. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, (II.) 7: 324; Crinitaria viscidijlora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 24 ; Bigelovia Doiiglasii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 644 [Syn. Fl. i^: 139; Bot. Cal. i: 317; Man. R. M. 151]. Dry plains, at an altitude of 1000-1500 m. Montana: Little Blackfoot River, i860. Cooper. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene, Erythea, 3 : 95 ; C/wysot/iaiiiniis la/u:eo/aliis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 324; Bigelovia Doiiglasii lanceolaia Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 140 [Man. R. M. 151]. On dry prairies and plains, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana; Belt Mts., 1888, 7?. S. Williams; Helena, 1890, 7^. D. Kelsey ; 1886, Tzveedy, 11 36. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5 : 317 ; Chrysothamnus speciostis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 : 323 ; Bigelovia graveolens Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644 [Syn. Fl. i": 139; Bot. Cal. i : 317; Man. R. M. 151]. On prairies and plains, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Rainbow Falls, 1885, R. S. Williams, 2^3; Electric Peak, August 20, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^04^; 1886, F. Tweedy., 1 135; Horse Plains, 1883, H. B. Ayres, CCLXXXV. Yellowstone Park: 1892, Mrs. Simonton. Chrysothamnus nauseosus albicaulis (Nutt.) ; Chrysothamnus speci- osiis albicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 323; Bige- 386 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTAXICAL GARDEN. lovia graveolens albicatdis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644 [Syn. Fl. I-: 139; Man. R. M. 151:60!. Cal. i: 317]. On dry plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Great Falls, 1886, F. W. Anderson^ igy: Teton River, 1883, Sc7-ib)ier, 7^; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffiths. Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene, Erythea, 3: 108: Cryso- conia graveolens Nutt. Gen. 2 : 136 ; Bigelovia graveoletis glahrata Gra}', Proc. Am, Acad. 8: 644 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 139; Man. R. M. 151 ; Bot. Cal. i: 317]. On prairies and plains and in canons, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Gardiner, 1885, Tzveedv, y2j. Chrysothamnus pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 323 ; Bioeloz'ia Doiiglasii piDiiila G\-2i\, Syn. Fl. i" : 140 [Man. R. M. Plains and valleys, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Madison River, 1895, Rxdberg, 2802. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tiveedy, ijy. Solidago multiradiata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3:218 [111. Fl. 3 : 346 : Man. R. M. 152] ; Solidago \irga-anrea multiradiata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 207 [Bot. Cal. i : 318]. Common in the mountains, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bear Gulch, 1887, Tzveedy, J2ja; Silver Bow Co., 3frs. Helen Dolman: Vogo, 1888, jR. S. Williams, 6j ; Rimini, 1887, F. D. Kelsey ; Upper Marias Pass and McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, 168 and i6g; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 80; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 822: Little Belt Pass, 82J and 82^. Yellowstone Park : East DeLacy's Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg L^ Bessey, §06^ ; 1884, Tzvcedy, 114.: 1885, 6y'/. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, ^066 and jody (a less pubescent form with narrower bracts). Solidago decumbens Greene, Pittonia, 3 : 161 ; Solidago hiimilis nana Gray, Syn. Fl. i- : 148, in part [Man. R. M. 153]. On the higher mountains, up to an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, T-zueedy, J2_^ ; Old Hollowtop, Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, jOjj ; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 28oy ; Spanish Peaks, 1896, Rlodman, 821. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessev, J064. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 387 * Solidago ciliosa Greene, Pittonia, 3 : 22. Like S. muUiradiata, but with dentate-ciliate bracts. The follow- ing specimen is doubtfully referred here : Montana : Indian Creek, 1884, Tzvecdv, 114. Solidago oreophila; Solidago stricla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 4, mainl}-, 1834; "o^ Ait., 1789; S. hiimilis Gra}^ Syn. Fl. i" : 148, partly, as to the Rock}^ Mountain plant [Man. R. M. 153] ; not Pursh. At an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana : Gap in the Belt Mountains above White's Gulch, 1882, Canhy. Solidago Missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Sci. Phila. 7 : 32 [111. Fl. 3: 343; Syn. Fl. I-: 155; Man. R. M. 154]. On prairies and plains, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, F. D. Kelsey ; Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, jo6o; Pony, July 6, 3061 ; Wolf Creek, July 24,50(52; Forks of the Madison, July 26, jo6j ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore: Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 864: Helena, 1883, Scribner, 8ia ; Teton River, 81; Ft. Ellis to the Yellowstone, 187 1, Hay den Survey ; Lima, 1895, Rvdberg, 280J ; Logan, 2806. Yellowstone Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzceedy, 6/8: 1884, /// and 116: 1883, Miss Mary Compton. Solidago Missouriensis extraria Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. i8 : 196 [Syn. Fl. I-: 156; Man. R. M. 154]. In valleys, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, Tzreedy, 1123. Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211 [111. Fl. 3: 342 : Syn. Fl. I-: 156; Man. R. M. 154]. In valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Wolf Creek, Juh' 24, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, Soj8; Forks of the Madison, July 2'j,jojg: West Boulder, 1887, T-weedy, J2/ ; Swimming Woman Creek, 1882, Canby. Solidago Canadensis L. Sp. Pi. 878 [111. Fl. 3: 344; Syn. Fl. i^ : 157 ; Man. R. M. 154]. In river-valleys and meadows, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Madison Co., Mrs. L. A. Fitch: Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 86; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flodman, 820. 388 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Solidago procera Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211 ; Solidago Canadensis pro- ccral^oxx. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 224 [111. Fl. 3: 344: Syn. Fl. I-: 157; Man. R. M. 154]. In river-valleys, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Br. V. Havard; Teton River, 1883, So'ibncr, 84. Solidago elongata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 327 [Syn. Fl. I-: 157; Bot. Cal. i: 319; Man. R. M. 154]. In valleys, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Cliff Lake, July 27, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, jojd ; Forks of the Madison, jOjy; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, Sj. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, jOjj ; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzveedy^ 113; 1885, 679 ' Solidago pulcherrima A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 549; Solidago diffusa A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25 : 378 ; not A. Gray; Solidago nemoralis Gray, Syn. Fl, i" : 158, in part, as to the western plant [Man. R. M. 155] ; not Ait. Differs from the eastern S. Jiemoralis in the smaller leaves and heads, the shorter panicles and the finer pubescence. It grows on plains and dry prairies, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Teton River, 1883, Scribner, 82. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tweedy, Solidago nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 327 [Syn. Fl. i==: 158; Man. R. M. 155]. On dry hills, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bridger Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 326; F. IV. Ander- son. Yellowstone Park: Lone Star Geyser Basin, Aug. 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5034.. Solidago mollis Baitl. Ind. Sem. Goett. 5 [111. Fl. 3: 344]; So- lidago incana Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 221; S. nemoralis /«crt«« Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 197 [Syn. Fl. i' : 158; Man. R. M. 155]- Dry plains, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, V. Havard; Dog Creek, 1887, R. S. Williams, 260; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, 78. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 389 Solidago rigida L. Sp. PL 880 [111. Fl. 3: 345; Syn. Fl. i' : 159; Man. R. M. 155] . Plains, prairies and river-valleys, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1884, Tweedy, 1^6; 1886, ii2j; Living- ston, 1892, 7^. D. Kelsey ; Snowy Mountains, 1882, Canby. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 : 326 ; So- lidago occidentalis Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 226 [Bot. Cal. i: 318; Man. R. M. 155]. River valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: 1887, F. W. Anderson; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 244; Banks of the Yellowstone at Huntley, 1882, Canby. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. Gen. 2: 162 [111. Fl. 3: 347]; Chrysocoma graminifolia L. Sp. PI. 841 ; Solidago lanceolata L. Mant. 144 [Syn. Fl. i" : 161 ; Man. R. M. 157]. In valleys and meadows, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: Swimming Woman Creek, 1882, Cajiby. Townsendia Parryi D. C. Eaton, Am. Nat. 8: 212 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 167; Man. R. M. 156]. Common in the mountains, at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Montana: Helena, 1889, F. D. Kelsey; Gallatin Co., 1888, Tweedy, 228 ; Mrs. Hodgman ; Lewis & Clarke Co., Mrs. Murphy ; Bridger Mts., 1892, W. T. Shaw; Lima, 1895, Rydberg, 2812; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, 828; Bozeman, 1887, Tweedy, 378; 1882, 4.00; Helena, 1887, F. W. Andersoji; Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg, 2810; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, 82^ and 827; Bridger Mts., July 11, 1897, Rydberg <& Bessey, J/J^," Sheridan, 1892, Mrs. Fitch; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, /?. 6*. Williams, 3^ ; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scribner, j6 ; M3'stic Lake, and Big Black- foot and Jocko Rivers, 1883, Canby, lyd; Deer Lodge, 1895, Ryd- berg, 2810; Lima, 2812; Terminus, 1880, Watson; Bannock City, Watson. Yellowstone Park: 1888, Dr. Chas.H. Hall; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1894, F. H. Burglehaiis, 126; Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tzveedy, 157- Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey , 3133. Townsendia florifera (Hook.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84 [Syn. Fl. I-: 168; Man. R. M. 157; Bot. Cal. 2: 455]; Erigeron forifer Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 20. In the mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Yellowstone Park:. 1884, ^- Tweedy, 138. 390 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Townsendia alpina ( Grray) ; Tozvnsendia Parry i alpina Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: S3 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 167; Man. R. M. 156]. On high mountains, at an ahitude of nearly 3000 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1888, Tzuecdy, 22g. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone and Stinking Water, 1873, C. C. Parry, i^j and i^j. * Townsendia scapigera D. C. Eaton, King's Exped. 5: 145 [Syn. Fl. i^: 168: Bot. Cal. 2: 455]. With somewhat the habit of the next, but not sericeous ; leaves broadly spatulate and the bracts oblong, often tinged with purple. On the tops of the higher mountains, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1887, Tzuecdy ; Warm Spring Creek, J7p,- Gallatin Co., 1886. Yellowstone Park : Mt. Holmes, 1884, Tzucedy. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, 5131. Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 321 [111. Fl. 3 : 351] ; Aster ( ?) exscapiis Richards. Frankl. Journ. Ed. 2, App. 32 ; Tozunscndia sericea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 16 [Syn. Fl. 1^:^68; Man. R. M. 157]. On dry plains and hills, up to an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888, /^. W. Tr ap/i age n ; HeleuTi, i8Sg, F. D. Kelsey ; Gallatin Co., 1888, Tweedy^ 20; Deer Lodge, 1892, W. T. Shaw; Great Falls, 1886, P. W. Anderson, 20J ; Bozeman, 1882, Tiveedy, 403; Helena, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Great Falls, 1886, R. S. Williams, 84; Mt. Helena, 1883, Canby, ijy. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzveedy, 6gy. Aster Richardsonii Spreng. Syst. 3 : 528 ; Aster montanus Richards. Frankl. Journ. 749, 1821 ; not AIL, 1755; Aster Sib i r icus Gmy, Syn. Fl. I-: 176 [Man. R. M. 158] ; not L. Wooded hills and mountain-sides, at an altitude of 2000-2800 m. Montana: Long Baldy, 1896, Flodman, S34; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, i'j4a; Flathead River, i-j4. Yellowstone Park : 1873, C. C. Parry, i2g; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, Tzveedy, ijj; Pelican Creek, 1885, 74^- Aster conspicuus Lindl. : Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7 [Syn. Fl. i" : 177 ; Man. R. M. 159]. In mountain woods, at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. Montana: Little Rocky Mts., 1889, Br. ]'. Hazard; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazu ; Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 39I Kennedy, /j and 21; Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, jjj; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 22, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 51 2g; Electric Peak, Aug. 20, J /JO,- Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williajns, 226; Bitter Root River, i860, Cooper; Smith River, 1883, Scn'bner, 8j. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, 1884, F. Tzveedy, IJ4; 1873, C- C- Piirry, ijo. Aster integrifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 291 [Bot. Cal. i: 324; Syn. Fl. i' : 177; Man. R. M. 159]. In woods, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2820; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. Williams, ^jj. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzveedy, 141 ; Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 312^; 1873, C. C. Parry, 131. Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5123. * Aster amplexifolius. Perennial, from a rootstock, ascending at the base, stout, about 4 dm. high, viscid-hirsute, especially on the upper portion; basal leaves oblanceolate, about 1.5 dm. long, tapering into a winged pet- iole, entire, rather iirm, in age glabrate above, ciliate on the mar- gins and on the veins beneath ; stem-leaves ovate, clasping ; heads rather few, 12—14 ""'i'^"'- l"iigh? ^"cl nearly 2 cm. in diameter; bracts very unequal, more or less leafy, oblong, acute or the inner Imear- lanceolate, viscid-hirsute; rays numerous, narrow, about 8 mm. long. It has been taken for A. integrifolius^ which it resembles m habit, and it may be nearest related to that species, but differs in the foliaceous bracts, the ampler more clasping stem-leaves, and more hirsute stem. It grows on plains. Montana: Headwaters of Jocko River, 1883, Canby, i/o. Aster campestris Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 293 [Syn. Fl. I-: 178; Man. R. M. 158]. Dry benches and meadows, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 1148; Smith River, 1883, Scribner, g3. Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tzveedy, 143; Mammoth Hot Springs, 143. * Aster major (Hook.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5: 325 [111. Fl. 3: 367] ; Aster Unalaschensis major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:: 7 ; A. modesttis Lindl. ; Hook. 1. c. 8 [Syn. Fl. i" : 179]. A tall plant with thin lanceolate leaves, and with long slender 392 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. acuminate purplish bracts. It grows in meadows and river-valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: SWvitv \io\\ Co.. 3frs. Jennie Moot'e ; West Gallatin, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy^ j, 10 and 20; Bozeman Canon, 1897, H. S. Jennings: Garrison, 1895, Rydberg, 28ig; Madison Co., 1886, Tivcedy, 1144; Belt Mts., 1884, R. S. Williams, 224; Garrison, 1895, Rydherg, 28 ig. *Aster Lindleyanus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 122 [111. Fl. 3: 364 ; Syn. Fl. i" : 182]. A tall species with the lower leaves cordate and the upper ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely serrate, and acuminate at both ends ; petioles wing-margined, and the bracts very narrow. In meadows. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, 2J2; Flathead Lake, 1883, Canby, lyi (?); Judith Mts., 1881. * Aster ciliomarginatus. Perennial ; stem ';i^-6 dm. high, terete, slightly striate and tinged with red, glabrous below, more or less strigose above ; basal leaves glabrous except the ciliolate margins, thin, distantly serrate or sub- entire, 1-2 dm. long, oblanceolate, acute, tapering into wing-mar- gined petioles ; lower stem-leaves similar, but with shorter petioles, somewhat clasping, the upper oblong or lanceolate, sessile ; panicle open; heads about i cm. high and 12-15 mm. in diameter; bracts linear, ciliate on the margins, upper part foliaceous and the outer somewhat spreading ; rays numerous, about 12 mm. long, light blue ; pappus tinged with reddish. A species of the laevis group, characterized by the thin ciliolate leaves and the strigose upper part of the stem. It grows in open woods, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana: Electric Peak, Aug. 20, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^128 (type) ; Columbia Falls, Mrs. Kennedy, 11 and /j ; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. F. Shaw: Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flod- jnan, 8ji. * Aster brevibracteatus. Perennial ; stem 5-6 dm. high, terete, glabrous, shining, tinged with purple ; basal leaves spatulate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a winged petiole about i dm. long, coarsel}' crenate, firm and some- what pale, glabrous ; lower stem-leaves similar, the middle ones oblong or oblanceolate, sessile, wath an auricled base, the upper lanceolate, half-clasping ; lower bracts of the inflorescence 1-3 cm. long, the upper very small, ovate-lanceolate; heads 8-10 mm. high, MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 393 hemispheric ; bracts in about four rows, imbricated, linear-lanceo- late, rather firm, with a narrowly rhomboid foliaceous tip, the inner ones two-thirds or three-fourths the length of tlie disk-flowers ; rays narrow^ numerous, blue. Apparently nearest related to A. laevis Geyeri, but differs in the short bracts and the form of the leaves, which in the present species are more strongly crenate. In low grounds and open woods. Washington: Spokane Co., 1889, Suksdorf, g28 (type). Montana: Missouri River, 1892, F. D. Kehey ; northern Mon- tana, 7^. W. Anderson; Sun River Crossing, 1883, Scribncr, pj ; Teton River, g2. * Aster Scribneri. Stem 3-6 dm. high, simple, striate, glabrous; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves petioled, the petiole 3-10 cm. long, wing-mar- gined, clasping and somewhat auricled at the base; blade 8-14 cm. long, 3.5—6 cm. wide, thin, ovate, acute, sharply serrate-dentate, glaucous, glabrous, except the ciliate margins ; stem-leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, sessile and clasping ; panicle small, with 5-10 heads about i cm. high ; bracts unequal, imbricated, glabrous, lanceolate with a green midrib and narrowly rhomboid green tips, the outer about half as long as the inner ; rays 14—18, rather wide, about 8 mm. long; pappus sordid, scabrous. This belongs to the laevis group, but is easily distinguished by its large ciliate leaves. Grows on rocky slopes, at an altitude of 1300- 2000 m. Montana: Bird Tail Creek, 1883, Scrlbner, gi (type); Gap of Belt Mountain, 1882, Canby (both in the Canby Herbarium). Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort. Kew\ 3: 203 [111. Fl. 3: 381 ; Syn. Fl. 1=^: 185; Man. R. M. 161]. On prairies and in river-valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Christie; Belt River, 1887, R. S. Williams, yio; Sun River, 1883, Scribner, g6 ; Smith River, gj. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Mary Com^ton. Aster incanopilosus (Lindl.) Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 20 : 286 [111. Fl. 3: 381] ; Aster ramidosiis incano-filosus Lindl. in DC. Prod. 5: 243; A. commiitatus Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 185 [Man. R. M. 161]. On plains and river-banks, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, j^g; Columbia Falls, Mrs. J.J. Kennedy, j8 2indi ^g; Gallatin Co., Mrs. Hodgman ; Lewis 394 ME.MOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. and Clarke Co., Mrs. Miith; Madison Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 1145^ Lower Sand Coulee, 1891, 7?. S. Williams., 22 j ; Cutbank Creek, \^%2, R. M. Springer, LXVIII. Yellowstone Park : Mammoth Hot Springs, i88,|., Tzueedyy 140. Aster salicifolius Lam. Enc3cl. Meth. i: 306 [111. Fl. 3: 377; Syn. Fl. I-: 188; Man. R."^M. 161]. On river-banks, up to an attitude of 2000 m. Montana : Helena, 1889, J^. D. Kelsey. Aster longifolius Lam. Encycl. Meth. i : 306 [111. Fl. 3: 371 ; Syn. Fl. I-: 188; Man. R. M. 162]. In river-valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Lima, 1895, Rydbcrg, 2818: Melrose, 28iy; Emi- grant Gulch, Aug. 22, 1897, Rxdbcrg & Bessey, ji2i ; Teton River, 1883, Scribiier, g/j.; Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 281 j; Lima, 28 18. Yellowstonp: Park : 1884, Tivccdy, ijg. Aster junceus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 204 [111. Fl. 3: 370: Syn. Fl. I-: 188; Man. R. M. 161]. In wet meadows, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Rlodnian, 8jj. Aster borealis Provancher, Fl. Can. i : 308 ; Asler laxifoliiis borealis Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. 2 : 138 ; Aster jnncciis Gray, Syn. Fl. 1==: 188, in part [Man. R. M. 161. in part]. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Helen Dolman; Mrs. /da Christie. * Aster subracemosus. Perennial, from a rootstock ; stem 5-6 dm. high, simple, strict, sparingly strigose, terete ; leaves oblanceolate or linear, or the upper lanceolate, sessile, 4-8 cm. long, more or less scabrous, especially on the margins, entire ; inflorescence falsely racemose, often over 2 dm. long; heads about i cm. high, on bracted branchlets, 2-3, sel- dom 4, cm. long ; bracts imbricated in several series, hirsute-ciliate, especially on the margins, the outer short, spatulate and acute, and somewhat spreading, the inner lanceolate and acute, all rather thick and with a greenish tip. Probably nearest related to A. adscendens, for which it has been mistaken, but its strict and simple habit, falsely racemose inflor- escence, and shorter and broader more strongly ciliate bracts easily distinguish it from that species. The inflorescence resembles some- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTAXICAE GARDEN. 395 what that of A. incanopilosiis. It grows on dry bench-lands and rocky hillsides, at an altitude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Helena, 1890, i^(f/5(?y (type) ; Fridley, 1887, Tiveedy, JJ2; Bird Tail Creek, 1883, Scribner, 8g; Eunis, 1886, Tirecdy, 1141, in part. Aster adscendens Lindl. ; Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 8 [111. Fl. 3 : 370 : Syn. Fl. I-: 191 : Bot. Cal. i: 324: Man. R. M. 162]. Very variable as now understood, and the specimens here cited may represent three or four species. In drv soil, up to an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Sand Coulee, 1891, R. S. Williams, 22g; Snowy Mts., 1882, Canby. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, 1885, Tzceedy, j^o and 741 ; Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 2120 ; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzuecdy, 740: 1884, 144. Aster andinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 290 [Syn. Fl. I-: 191 ; Man. R. M. 162]. On the higher mountains, up to an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Yellowstone Park: 1873, ^- ^- R<^f'f'yi ^2j ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg- & Bessey, 311Q; Hoodoo Peak, 1897, P. Koch, ij. * Aster subspathulatus ; Aster spathiilatus Lindl.; DC. Prod. 5: 231, 1836 [Syn. Fl. s} : 191] ; not Lag., 1832. Resembles somewhat A. Fremontii, but has larger heads, and few very long thin oblanceolate or spatulate leaves. Grows in wet shady places among bushes, at an altitude of about 2500 m. Montana: Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg ct- Bessey, 5117- Yellowstone Park: Upper Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5//*^. Aster Fremontii (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 191 [Man. R. M. 162] ; Aster adscendens Fremontii Torr. & Gray, Fl. X. Am. 2:503- In shad}^ places, open woods, etc., at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1884, Tzveedy, iji ; Spanish Basin, June 30, 1897, Rydberg ii- Bessey, 5124; Meadow Creek, 1886, Tzveedy, 1 146; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, lyi ; Flathead River, 171a; East Boulder, 1887, Tzveedy, 354; Missouri River, 1882, Canby; Belt Mts., 1882, Canby. 396 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park: Upper Geyser Basin, Aui^. 8, 1897, Ryd- he7-g c(r Bcsscy, ji2j; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1894, Burglehaiis (a tall specimen with very narrow leaves) ; Upper Geyser Basin, 1872, Coulter. * Aster Oreganus Nutt. : Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 163 [ Syn. Fl. I": 192] ; Trlpoliiiyti Orco-anuni Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 296. Resembles somewhat the following three species, but has nu- merous small heads, 6-8 mm. high. Montana : Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kcnnedx, 2-j. * Aster Douglasii Lindl. ; DC. Prod. 5: 239 [Syn. Fl. i- : 192 : Bot. Cal. i: 324]. Resembles the next, but has more numerous and somewhat smaller heads and narrowly lanceolate leaves. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 26; Smith River, 1883, .S'cr/7;;;^r, go; White Gulch, Belt Mts., 1882, Canby. Aster foliaceus Lindl. : DC. Prod. 5: 228 [111. Fl. 3: 371; Syn. Fl. I-: 193; Man. R. M. 163]. On river-banks and wet places among bushes, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Madison Co., 1886, 7"zir(^6, I^lodman, S8j ; Sweet Grass Canon, 886; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, -^206; Indian Creek, July 21, 520^ ; Missoula, 1898, Williams & Griffith. Yellowstone Park : Indian Creek, 1884, Tzvccdy, 186. Artemisia discolor Dougl. ; DC. Prod. 7: 109 [Syn. Fl. i-: 373; Man. R. M. 202 ; Bot. Cal. i : 404] . Fairly common on the higher peaks, at an altitude of 2500- 3000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, j6o; Haystack Peak, 1887, jio; Sun River Canon, 1887, R. S. Williams, yog; Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodman, 88 j and 88^; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, j2o8 ; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, J^op and ^210 (the latter number with larger nodding heads ; may be a hybrid with scopTilortan) ; Woodruff's Falls, 1883, Canby, ig6. * Artemisia graveolens Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 296. Similar to A. discolor, but glabrous, except occasionally slightly grayish puberulent on the lower surface of the leaves ; whole plant heavy-scented and covered with glutinous dots. On mountains, at an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodman, 881, * Artemisia tenuis. Stem very slender, glabrous or minutely puberulent, branched and leafy; leaves about 2 cm. long, green above, slightly white-tomentu- lose beneath, deeply divided into 5-7 linear acute divergent seg- ments ; inflorescence with slender raceme-like branches ; heads on very slender but short pedicels, subtended by a bract-like linear-lan- ceolate leaf, erect, about 4 mm. high, the bracts brownish, minutely puberulent, ovate, not at all tomentose, and with a scarious erose margin ; corolla brown. A near relative of A. Lindleyana, from which it differs in the taller very slender stem, a much scantier pubescence, the slender raceme-like branches of the inflorescence, and the smaller erect brown heads. It fits the description of A. Prcscottiana, except that the seg- ments of the leaves are not filiform. It was found growing in sandy soil in a canon, at an aldtude of about 1500 m. Montana : Emigrant Gulch, August 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ,5201. 432 MEMOIRS OF THE NE\V' YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Artemisia tenuis integerrima. Less slender ; leaves all, except the very lowest, lanceolate, entire, 2-3 cm. long; involucre more greenish. May be a good species, but the material is too meager, consisting of only two specimens. Growing with the t3^pe. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, August 23, Rydbcrg & Besscy, §20ia. Artemisia tripartita ; Aj-temisia trijida Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 398, 1841 [Syn. Fl. I-: 375; Man. R. M. 203 ; Bot. Cal. I : 405] ; not Turcz. 1832. Rare in the region, growing on dry hills, plains, etc. Yellowstone Park: 1883, Miss Alary Compton. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 398 [Syn. Fl. I-: 374; Man. R. M. 203; Bot. Cal. i: 405]. On plains and valleys, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Ennis, 1886, Tzuccdy, iioj: Radersburg, 1882, Candy. Yellowstone Park : 1884, Tzvccdy,i8p; Upper Geyser Basin, Aug. 8, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, j2oj. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 398 [Syn. Fl. I-: 374; Man. R. M. 203: 111. Fl. 3: 468; Bot. Cal. i: 405]- Rather common on dry hills and plains, at an altitude of 1000- 2500 m. Montana: Belt River, 1886, R. S. W/Iliams, 4J2; Helena Val- ley, 1883, Scr/biier^ 116. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tiueedy, <5py; Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, j202. Artemisia cana Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 521 [Syn. Fl. i- : 375: Man. R. M. 203; 111. Fl. 3: 468]. Common on dry hills, etc., in the eastern and central parts of Montana, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1897,//. S. Jennings; Livingston, 1883, Tzveedy, gj^: Park Co., 1887, Tweedy; Madison Co., 1887, j//; Custer Co., 1892, 3frs. Light. Yellowstone Park : 1883, J//55 yJ/«ry Co nipt on: 1885, Tzveedy, 6go; Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 14, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, jigg; Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 12,5^00; Yellowstone Lake, 1872, Coulter. me:moirs of the XE^v york botanical garden. 433 Arnica latifolia Bong. Veg. Sitch. 147 [83^1. Fl. i- : 381 ; Man. R. M. 205 ; Bot. Cal. i : 415]. In the woods, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. It is veiy variable or may contain several distinct species. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, 322; Tiger Butte, 1888, /P. S. Williams, 443: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, 8g8 ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2^46; Bridger Mountains, June 15, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 3228 (a single small specimen) ; Pony, July 7, 3230; Mc- Donald's Peak, 1883, Canby, igg. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Tzceedy, 687; Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg (& Bessey, 3227. Arnica cordifolia Hook. FI. Bor. Km. i: 331 [Syn. Fl. i^' : 381; Man. R. M. 205; 111. Fl. 3: 471; Bot. Cal. i: 415]. A very common plant throughout tlie woody regions of Montana and the Park, from 1033-3033 m. altitude. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1888,/^. W. Traphagcn ; Yellowstone Co., 1886, Tivecdy, 1134; Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Wil- lianis, 23; Columbia Falls, 3frs. Kennedy, 8; Gallatin Co., 3frs. Alderson ; Bridger Mountains, 1896, Flodinan, 8g6\ Little Belt Mountains, 8g'j ; Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg, 2843; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 3233; Spanish Basin, June 28, 3234; Bridger Mountain, June 17, 3233; Pony, July 9, 3236: Jef- ferson River, 1883, Scribncr, 124a. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall; Mammoth Hot Springs, 1885, Tzvecdy, 686: 1884, 180. * Arnica pumila. Stem low, generally 1-2 dm., seldom 3 dm., high, more or less hirsute, and the upper portion somewhat woolly and glandular ; leaves comparatively firm, ovate, the basal ones petioled ; stem-leaves 1-2 pairs, very short-petioled or sessile, all puberulent ; head tur- binate, about 2 cm. high ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute, puberu- lent and slightly villous at the base ; achenes slightly tapering upward, puberulent. Nearest related to A. cordifolia, but is a smaller plant with smaller heads, and smaller and thicker leaves, which are not cordate at the base. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie H. Moore; Bozeman, 1892, W. T. Shaiv ; Bear Gulch, 1887, Txveedy, 324. Utah: 1875, ^'- ^- Parry, 3g. Colorado: 1872, y. Zbrrt-j' (type). 434 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Arnica gracilis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 297. Resembles a depauperate A. latifolia^ but its basal leaves are broadly ovate, not cordate, the head is smaller, the involucre glandu- lar-puberulent, and the leaves and stem glabrate. It grows on moun- tain-sides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodman, goi ; Spanish Basin, June 28, 1S97, Rydberg & Bessey, 322^; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, 5231 ; Pony, July 7, 5232 • Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 57. * Arnica amplexif olia : Arnica aniplcxicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 : 408, 1841 [Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 381] ; not Wall., 1837. Distinguished from the following species b}' its large half-clasp- ing stem-leaves. It is found only in the w^estern part of Montana. Montana: Columbia Falls, Mrs. Kennedy, ig and 2^. Arnica Chamissonis Less. Linnaea, 6: 238 [Syn. Fl. i" : 381 ; Man. R. M. 205 : 111. Fl. 3 : 472 ; Bot. Cal. i : 416] . In rich soil in the valleys, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzceedy, J2i : Columbia Falls, J/r5. Kennedy, 2j : Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodnuin, 8gj. * Arnica mollis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i': 331 [Torr. &: Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 450; Bot. Cal. i: 415]. Differs from the preceding in its short and broad mostly entire leaves, the lower of which are generally blunt, villous pubescence, and larger heads. It grows in wet soil, at an altitude of 1500- 2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzvccdy,j2j: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy. Yellowstone Park : Yellowstone Lake, 1894, F. H. Burgle- hmis, 364-; Pelican Peak, 1885, Tzveedy, 6Sj; and 684. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton, King's Exped. 5: 186 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 382 ; Man. R. M. 205]. Among rocks, at an altitude of about 3000 m. Montana: Yogo, 1896, Flodnian, S84; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydberg d: Bessey, 3226. Yellowstone Park: East Fork of the Yellowstone, 1885, Tzveedy, 68 1. Arnica foliosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 407 [Syn. Fl. i- : 382 ; Man. R. M. 205 ; Bot. Cal. i : 416]. Fairly common in wei meadows, up to an altitude of 1500-2500 m. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 435 Montana: Burke; Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, 224.; Ana- conda, 1892, F. D. Kelsey ; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydbei'g & Bessey, j22^. Yellowstone Park: Blacktail Deer Creek, 1884, Tweedy, 181 ; 1885, 680; Shoshone Lake, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^224; Upper Falls, 187 1, Hay den Survey. Arnica eradiata (Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am. PL 7 ; Arnica angusti- folia eradiata Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1863 : 68 ; A. Parryi Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 213 [Syn. Fl. i^ 382]. In woods in the mountain regions, at an altitude of 1500—2500 m. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 1132; Bridger Mts., 1896, Flodman, 8g2. Yellowstone Park: East Pelican River, 1885, Tweedy, 68c/; 1873, C. C. Parry, 153; 1885, Letterjnan. * Arnica, monocephala. Arnica alpina Gray, Syn. Fl. l" : 382, mainly; not Olin. Stem generally 1.5-2 dm. high, densely pubescent, almost pilose, or somewhat hirsute above, generally with two pairs of leaves and a single erect head ; basal leaves broadly oblanceolate, entire, taper- ing into a short petiole, obtuse or acute, 3-7 cm. long, densely pubescent, 3-5-ribbed ; stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, sessile and slightly clasping; head 12-15 miri- high and 12-20 mm. in diam- eter; involucre densely pubescent, not villous, its bracts 10-15, lanceolate, bright green; rays bright yellow, 12-16 mm. long and 4-6 mm. wide ; achenes densely hirsute, about equalling the cream- colored pappus. This is the most common species in the Rock}' Mountain region which has gone under the name Arnica alpina. The original A . alpina is described as densely woolly, and there is no plant in America, so far as I know, that fits the description. There is only one from Lab- rador that is more or less villous, but that is probably not A. alpina. A. angtistifolia Vahl, from Greenland is regarded by European botanists as the same as A. al^ina, but this is described by Lange, in his Conspectus Florae Groenlandicae, as having an involucre that is much smaller than that of A. montana and is attenuate at the base. The involucre of the Labrador plant is fully as large as that of A. fuontana, and the onl}^ species with turbinate involucres in the alpina group are A. Lessingii and A. Rydbergii, mentioned below. The Labrador plant is, I think, jA.. flantaginea Pursh, although it is not 436 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. glabrous as Pursh describes it. A. alpina^ as characterized by Gray^ comprises not less than five distinct species, viz., the present species^ the above mentioned Labrador plant, A. fcdiincnlata R^^dberg, A. fulgcns Nutt., and A. RydhcrgH QxQ,^xi^. Common throughout the northern Rocky Mountain region, grow- ing at an altitude of from 1500-3000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^222; Bridger Mountains, June 14, ^221 (type); Helena, 1888,. Kelsey ; Jefferson River, 1883, Scribner, 124c. Yellowstone Park: 1885, T^vccdv, 682. * Arnica fulgens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 527. Differs from the preceding in the more coarsely hairy stem, the narrowly linear and more numerous bracts, 15-25 in number, somewhat larger heads, and orange-colored rays. Last year I took up the name A. fulgcns for another species, not having seen any specimens like those collected this year ; the latter agree perfectly with Pursh's description. It grows on hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m., and is a comparatively rare plant. Montana: Bozeman, 1882, Tzucedy, ^oy ; Columbia Falls, J/r5. Kennedy, 7; Great Falls, 1886, 7?, S, Williams; Bridger Moun- tains, June 12, 1897, Rydberg & Besscy, ^220. Wyoming: Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, Tzveedv, ^jo. * Arnica pedunculata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 297. Resembles most A. monocefhola, but is a much taller plant, 3-6 dm. high, with a long-peduncled head, small stem-leaves, and finer pubescence. It grows in open meadows, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., 1888, Tweedy, 22^; Gallatin Co.,. Mrs. Alderson; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, Sg<) and goo; June 28, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, S~~J ^ Custer Co., 1892, Jlfrs. Light. * Arnica Rydbergii Greene, Pittonia, 4: 37; Arnica fulgcns Ryd- berg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 297 ; not Pursh. Generally rather tall, 3-4 dm. high, striate, sparingly hirsute, usually with 3 or 4 pairs of stem-leaves, and three heads. The basal leaves are ovate-lanceolate with a winged petiole, sinuately dentate, acute ; stem-leaves similar, sessile, with a broad clasping some- times slightly dilated base. The heads are decidedly turbinate, 12— 15 mm. high, the bracts rather few, 8-16, lanceolate, sparingly hir- MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 437 sute and puberulent ; achenes pubescent. In dry valleys and on hillsides, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, j2o; Little Belt Pass, 1896, Flodnian, 8gi (type); Pony, July 7, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, S232 (depauperate form); Little BeltMts., 1883, Scribncr, 124.. Yellowstone Park: East Fork, 1885, Tzueedy, yjj. Tetradymia canescens DC. Prod. 6: 440 [Syn. Fl. i- : 379; Man. R. M. 204; Bot. Cal. i: 407]. Dry plains and hills, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Gardiner, 1885, T%vcedy, ys4^ Lima, i^g^,, Rydberg, 2847. Tetradymia inermis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 415 ; Te- tradymia cancscois inermis Gray, Bot. Cal. i : 408 [Syn. Fl. i': 379; Man. R. M. 204]. Dry plains and hills, common, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Pass Creek, ^. Engleniann; Deer Lodge, i860, Cooper; Helena, 1890, R. D. Kelsey ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S. Williams, 84.1; Bozeman^ 1887, F. Tweedy, joi ; Forks of the Madison, Juh' 26, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 52ig; Cliff Lake, July 27, s^-o; Fort Logan, 1883, Scribner, 118 ; Fort Ellis to the Yel- lowstone, 1871, Ilayden Survey. Tetradymia spinosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 360 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 379; Man. R. M. 204; Bot. Cal. i: 407]. Rare in southern Montana, at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana : Big Hole River, Beaver Head Co., 1888, Tweedy, 22. Senecio megacephalus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 410 [Syn. Fl. 1=^: 385; Man. R. M. 207]. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892; R. S. Williams, gjS; Upper Marias Pass and McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canby, igS. Senecio occidentalis (Gray) ; Senecio Rreniontii occidentalis Gray, Bot. Cal. i: 618 [Syn. Fl. i- : 386; Man. R. M. 207]. Evidently a good species, growing among rocks, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tweedy, 338; Yogo, 1888, R. S. Williams, 787 ; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, giy ; Cedar Mts., July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 323^; Lake Plateau, 1897, P. Koch, 24; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 120; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, 201. 438 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yellowstone Park : Mt. Norris and Soda Butte, 1885, Tzueedy, yi8; Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, S2j8; Hood's Basin, 1897, P. Koch. Idaho : Mt, Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydhei-g & Bessey, S^37- * Senecio occidentalis rotundatus. Stem slightly over i dm. high ; leaves rounded-spatulate, slightly sinuate, not toothed ; heads somewhat larger and broader, and the bracts broader, oblong, and abruptly acute. May be a good species, but the material is rather meagre. Montana AND Idaho: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 5268. Wyoming: Breccia Peak, 1897, Tweedy, ^8q. Senecio triangularis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i^ : 332 [Syn. Fl. i'^ : 386 ; Man. R. M. 208; Bot. Cal. i: 414]. Commonon creek-banks and in water, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Bear Creek Canon, 1892, W. T. Shazv ; Columbia Falls, 3frs. Kennedy 2j; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tzveedy, 11 16; Spanish Basin, 1896, Flodman, gi6; Bozeman, 1895, Rydherg & Bessey, 28^^; Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, 3242; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scrihner, 122; Red Lodge, 1898, Williams iS: Griffith. Yellowstone: Park: East DeLac3''s Creek, Aug. 10, 1897, Rydherg & Bessey, §240 and 3243 (a form with ovate leaves and a smaller corymb). Idaho : Henry's Lake, Jul}^ 31, Rydherg & Bessey, 3241 . * Senecio saliens Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 24: 298. Differs from S. triangularis in the lower stature, and the smaller thick rather fleshy leaves with fewer and less pointed teeth. It is a mountain plant growing among rocks, at an altitude of 2000 m. or more. Montana: Granite, 1892, F. D. Kclsey ; Yogo Baldy, 1896, Flodman, gi<^ (type); McDonald's Peak, 1883, Canhy, 202. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, y2i. * Senecio variifolius. Stem very tall, i m. or more high, glabrous, angled, branched above ; lower leaves comparatively firm, glabrous, cordate, doubly and irregularly dentate with large salient teeth, distinctly petioled, the blade often over i dm. long, the upper ovate, short-petioled or sessile ; MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 439 heads large, 1.5—2 cm. high, in few-headed cymes terminating the branches ; bracts linear, more or less broadly scarious-margined ; rays few and very short; achenes light-colored, angled, glabrous. A member of the triangularis group, but differs from the rest in the branched habit, the larger heads, and in the leaves, of which the lower are cordate, and the upper ovate, none triangular. Montana: Clendennin, 1882, R. S. Williams^ 20J. Idaho: Quartzburg, 1892, il/iss Mabel M 11 If or d. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 332 [Syn. FL i^ : 386; Man. R. M. 208]. In wet places in the mountain regions, at an altitude of 1000— 2000 m. Montana: Tiger Butte, 1886, F. W. Anderson^ 2^6; Bozeman, 1887, F. Tweedy^ 334 i Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 28^j ; Jack Creek, July 14, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bessey, 324^; Forks of the Madison, July 26,52^5; Belt Mountains, 1882, Canby. Senecio serra andinus (Nutt.) ; Senecio andinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 409 [Bot. Cal. i : 414] ; Senecio serra integri- usciilns Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 387 [Man. R. M. 208]. In similar situations. Montana: Helena, 1889, F. D. Kelsey ; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Helen Dolman; East Gallatin Swamps, 1896, Flod7nan, p/j/Lima, 1895, Rvdberg; 2832 ; Forks of the Madison, July 26, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, ^246 ; Belt Mountains, 1883, Scribner, iig. Yellowstone Park : Turbid Lake, 1885, Tzveedv, 7/7; 1873, C. C. Parry, lyo. * Senecio Solidago. Tall, apparently over i meter high, glabrous, very leafy, and much branched; leaves from oval-deltoid to lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, rather thin, coarsely dentate with salient teeth, short-petioled or sub- sessile ; panicle very large and branched ; heads rather small, about 8 mm. high ; bracts linear, yellowish, much shorter than the disk ; rays pale yellow ; achenes small, only 2 mm. long, glabrous. Apparentl}^ nearest related to .5'. serra, but has much broader leaves and a much longer panicle. The plant strikingly resembles Solidago serotina in general habit, hence the name. Montana: Tiger Butte, 1886, R. S. Williams, 264; Alhambra, 1892, F. D. Kelsey (both specimens in the herbarium of the Montana Agricultural College, at Bozeman). 440 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Senecio crassulus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 54 [Syn. Fl. i^ : 387 : Man. R. M. 208] . In wet soil, at an altitude of 1000-2000 m. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, jjp; Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy ; Bridger Mts., 1886, Flodman, Q14; Cedar Mountain, July 16, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, s^49' Yellowstone Park: Pebble Bank, 1885, Tzveedy, yi^. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, s~4^ ^^d 5^50 (a monocephalous specimen). * Senecio semiplexicaulis. Stem 4-6 dm. high, glabrous; lower leaves obovate. tapering into a winged petiole, acute, the upper oblong, more or less clasping by a broad, sometimes slightly auricled, base, acute or often acuminate, all very thin, sinuately dentate and often, especially the uppermost, with salient teeth ; C3'me with rather few heads on long pedicels ; heads 12-15 mm. high, campanulate ; bracts oblong, tipped with black, much shorter than the disk ; rays narrow, about 8 mm. long : achenes glabrous, cylindric, striate, nearly equalling the pappus in length. This has been referred to S. //tgeus or some of its varieties, but has very little relationship with it. The relationship is evidently with S, crassulus, and it is doubtful if it should not rather be regarded as a variety of that species. The involucral bracts, however, are not very thick and fleshy and the leaves are not of a " firm texture"; this is, without doubt, the reason why it has not been referred to S. crassulus. In dry material they are even much more alike than in the fresh state. In wet soil, at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Yellowstone Park: East De Lacy's Creek, August 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^2^1 (type) ; 1884, Tzveedy, 118. Idaho : Teton Range, 1872, Coulter. Utah : Wasatch Mountains, 1879, M. E. Jones, iisj. * Senecio pereziifolius. Stem 6-8 dm. high, glabrous, striate, somewhat branched above; basal leaves 2-2.5 d'^- ^o"g' very thin and glabrous, oblong or oval, tapering into a winged petiole, sinuately dentate with small but sharp salient teeth ; lower stem-leaves similar, but sessile, the upper ones linear and with entire margins ; cyme rather narrow^ ; heads cylindric- campanulate, about i cm. high; bracts linear, tipped with black, much shorter than the disk ; rays fully i cm. long ; achenes brown, glabrous, about two-thirds as long as the white pappus. Perhaps somewhat related to S. rapi/olius, but cannot be confused MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 44 1 with that species, being easily distinguished by the large basal and small stem-leaves, and by the ample rays. It grows in swampy ground, at an altitude of about 2200 m. Montana : Jack Creek, July 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 52^2. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 411 [Syn. Fl. I-: 387; Man. R. M. 208]. In wet meadows and on river-banks, at an altitude of 1500-2500 m. Montana: Bozeman, 1895, Rydberg; 284.8; Gallatin, 1882, Canby . Yellowstone Park: 1884, Tweedy, iig; 1885, yid; Upper Madison Canon, Aug. 3, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 524J ; Mud ^Springs, 187 1, Hay den Survey. * Senecio hydrophiloides. Stem tall, from a clump of fibrous roots, simple up to the inflores- cence, glabrous, 6-8 dm. high; lower leaves rather thick, glabrous, lanceolate, with a long winged petiole, sinuately dentate, the upper much reduced, 2-3 cm. long, lanceolate and sessile; cyme more or less compound-corymbiform with divergent branches ; heads almost short-cylindric, about i cm. high ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceo- late, nearly equalling the disk ; rays rather short and few ; achenes light brown, 4-angled, smooth and glabrous. Nearest related to S. hydrophilus, from which it differs in the dentate leaves and the open inflorescence. Montana: Columbia Falls, 1892, R. S. Williams, pjj. Idaho : 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 3474 (type). * Senecio Scribneri. Stout, 2-3 dm. high, from a short erect rootstock with numerous fleshy fibers ; stem somewhat villous ; basal leaves oval with a some- what winged petiole, 3-4 cm. long; blade 2-3 cm. long, fleshy; stem-leaves linear or linear-oblong, thick, somewhat villous, 6-8 cm. long, obtuse, the lower tapering into a winged petiole, the upper sessile ; inflorescence corymbose, flat-topped ; heads 6-16, 12-15 mm. high, 12-20 mm. in diameter, with a few calyculate bractlets ; bracts numerous, linear-lanceolate, slightly villous, light colored ; rays broad, 12-15 mm. long; achenes sharply angled, glabrous. Nearest related to S. aronicoides and S. Hookeri, but differs in the more numerous heads and the narrow leaves. It grows at an altitude of a little over 1500 m. Montana: Livingston, 1883, Scribner, I2jb (in the Canby Her- barium). 442 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. Senecio atriapiculatus ; Senccio Cohimhiantis Greene, Pittonia, 3 r 170, 1898; not S. resedifolitis Coluinbicnsis Gray, 1886: Senecio lug-ens Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 388, in part [Bot. Cal. i: 413; Man. R. M. 209] ; not Richards. Taller and shorter, more leaf}', and with more numerous heads than in the arctic S. lugens Richards. On prairies and in river- valleys, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Upper Sand Coulee, 1888, R. S. Williams^ S^o; Spanish Basin, June 26, 1897, Rydberg d' Bcssey, 32^4.; Bridger Mountains, June 11, 52^6% Bozeman, 1883, Scribner, i2ja. Senecio arachnoideus. A stout and rather leafy perennial, copiously arachnoid-floccose when young, with a short caudex and a cluster of fibrous roots ; stem simple, 3-4 dm. high, striate, in age shining; basal leaves 7— 15 cm. long, rather thick, with a winged petiole ; blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, irregularly sinuate-dentate ; stem-leaves lan- ceolate, sessile and half clasping with more or less auricled bases, the margins sinuate-dentate and usually considerably wrinkled or crisped ; heads in a dense corymbiform cyme, campanulate, 8—12 mm. high and 8-10 mm. broad; bracts linear, acute, thick, conspicuously black-tipped, shorter than the disk, the calyculate ones small, sub- ulate ; rays light yellow, 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide ; achenes ob- long-C3'lindric, glabrous, shining. Nearest related to the preceding, but principally distinguished by the long arachnoid pubescence and the sinuately dentate and crisped leaves. In wet places. Montana: Deer Lodge, 1891, Kclsey (type). Idaho : Wiessner Peak, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Hcllei\ 6og. Oregon : Wilkes Expedition. * Senecio glaucescens. , Perennial, with a very short caudex and a cluster of fibrous roots ; glabrous or at first slightly hairy and more or less glaucous ; stem 2—7 dm. high, striate, shining, often tinged with red ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves 5-10 cm. long, spatulate or oblanceolate or even oval, callous, dentate or very rarely subentire, acute or obtuse, with a distinct winged petiole, rather thick and often some- what glaucous ; upper stem-leaves reduced, lanceolate and sessile ; cyme corymbiform, rather contracted ; heads campanulate, about i cm. high and 8-12 mm. broad; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, with conspicuous black tips, and about two-thirds as long as the disk ; MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 443 rays dark yellow, about 8 mm. long and 2-3 mm. wide ; achenes oblong-cylindric, glabrous. In general habit most resembles S. microdontiis (Gray) Heller^ but lacks the conspicuous rootstock of that species, and the bracts are prominently black-tipped. It is distinguished from the other species of the liigens group by the thick leaves and the callous denticulation. Wet places in the mountains, at an altitude of 300—1000 m. Montana: Yogo Baldy, 1896, Flodinan, gij (type); Park Co., 1887, Tweedy, jjy, at least in part. Idaho: Lake Waha, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 3252; Lewiston, 3100. Senecio exaltatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7 : 410 ; Senecio liigcns exaltatus Gray, Bot. Cal. i : 413 [Syn. Fl. i^: 388 ; Man. R. M. 209]. In wet meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Yellowstone Park : 1888, Dr. C/ias. H. Hall. * Senecio altus. Perennial, with a rather stout rootstock ; stems 6-iodm. high, striate, sparingly woolly when ^^oung, leafy below ; basal leaves 2-3 dm. long, rather firm, oblanceolate, tapering into a winged petiole, sinu- ately dentate, more or less woolly on both sides when 3^oung ; lower stem-leaves similar, smaller, short-petioled or subsessile, the upper much reduced, bract-like, linear-lanceolate, distant; heads in a contracted corymbiform cyme, about i cm. high ; bracts linear, rather thick, brownish and tipped with black, much shorter than the disk; rays about 8 mm. long, orange to lemon ; disk-flowers brownish 3'ellow ; achenes hispidulous, especially on the angles, less than half as long as the white pappus. Nearest related to S. foliosus, but is easily distinguished by the large basal and the small upper stem-leaves, the almost naked upper portion of the stem, the small cyme, the dark involucre and disk, and the tallness of the plant. From S. atratus, which it resembles in the form and the size of the basal leaves, it differs in the sub- naked upper portion of the stem, the smaller cyme, and the larger more campanulate involucres. It grows in wet meadows, at an alti- tude of about 2000 m. Montana: Spanish Basin, July i, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey^ 52^8 (type); 1896, Flodman, gio and gi2; Little Belt Mountains,. 1883, Scribner, i2j. Yellowstone Park : 1885, Tzveedy, yi^.. 444 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. * Senecio latus. Stem stout and tall, 6-8 dm. high, striate, more or less densely covered with long white crisped hairs; lower leaves about i dm. long, broadly oblanceolate, sinuately toothed, tapering into a short winged petiole, on the upper surface covered with long white hairs, the lower surface almost glabrate except the midrib and mar- gins ; upper leaves similar, but rather more strictly lanceolate, and more or less clasping by a broad base ; inflorescence a large com- pound cor3'mb, about 3 dm. high and 2 dm. wide ; involucral bracts short, scarcely more than half the length of the fulh^ developed disk, rather flesh}^, oblong, abrupdy contracted into a slender dark point ; achenes greenish, glabrous, bluntly angled and striate, about as long as the white pappus. In size and habit it most resembles S. atrattis Greene, from Colo- rado, but differs in the large open compound corymb, the short fleshy bracts, and the different pubescence, which cannot by any means be said to be tomentose. The same characters, together with the size, separate it from S. foliostis. Montana : Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy, 28 (type, in the herbarium of Montana Agricultural College, Bozeman.) * Senecio solitarius. Stem from a bunch of fibrous roots, 3—4 dm. high, simple, glab- rous, monocephalous ; lower leaves thin and glabrous, their bhides oval, subentire, about 5 cm. long, produced downward into a winged petiole of about the same length ; middle leaves lanceolate, with a clasping base, the uppermost reduced, very small and subu- late ; head nearly 2 cm. high, borne on the somewhat enlarged end of the stem ; bracts very numerous, very narrowly linear, tipped with black; rays light yellow, almost 1.5 cm. long; achenes dark brown, glabrous and striate. In habit it resembles most S. integern'nius, and may be taken for a monocephalous form of that species, but the leaves are much thin- ner, the upper ones much more reduced and subulate, the heads larger, and the bracts more numerous and narrower. Yellowstone Park: 1885, Frank T-weedy, 8ij. Senecio canus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 333 [111. Fl. 3: 477 ; Syn. Fl. i': 390; Bot. Cal. i: 412; Man. R. M. 210]. On mountain-sides, up to an altitude of 2500 m. Montana: Anaconda, 1892, F. D. Kelscy ; Granite, 1892, Kel- sey ; Great Falls, 1891, R. S, Williams, jS ; Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, goy ; Little Belt Mts., 1883, Scribner, 121 ; Mt. Helena, 1883, Canby, 20^. MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 445 *Senecio Purshianus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) 7: 412; Senccio cauiis Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 390, in part; not Hook. Lower than the preceding, the leaves all entire or the stem-leaves somewhat dentate at the base ; tomentum denser ; heads much smaller and bracts shorter-pointed. It is more common, growing at an alti- tude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Jennie Moore; Livingston, 1889, Tzveedy ; Cinnabar, 1887, j^^,* Helena, 1891, /ir 405 lOI Distichlis, Dodecatheon, Dondia, Do Ilia, Douglasia, Do'cvningia, Draba, Dracoceph alum , Drosera, DROSERACEAE, DRUPACEAE, Dry as, Drymocallis, Dryopteris, Dryopteris, Dugaldea, Dysodia, Eatonia, Echinacea, Echinochloa, Echinocyslis, Echinopanax, Echinospertnu m, ELAEAGNACEAE, Elaeag-nus, Elaeagnns, ELATINACEAE, Elatine, Eleocharis, Eleocharis, Elephantella, Ellisia, Elymus, Elymus, Endolepis, Endosmia, Epilobium, Epilobium, Epipactis, Epipactis, EQUrSETACEAE, Equisetum, Eraerrostis, ERICACEAE, Erig-eron, Erigeron, Eriocarpum, Eriocoma, Eriogonum, Eriogynia, Eriophorum, Eriophyllum, Eritrichium, Eritricliium, Erysimum, Erythronium, Espeletia, Eucephalus, Eiichronia, Eidophus, Etinanus, Eitpaioiium, Euphorbia, EUPHORBIACEAE, Euphrasia, Eurotia, Euthamia, Eutoca, Evax, Fatsia, Ferula, 45 Festuca, 55 50, 61 304 Fesluca, 135 Filago, 408 380-382 Floerkia, 268 302 Fragaria, 217 483 Franseria, 452 180 Frasera, 310 340 Fritillaria, 97 190 FuDiaria, 475 190 FUMARIACEAE, 171 226 223 Gaertneria, 452 219 Gaillardia, 425 3 Galardia, 424 3 Galium, 374 •?oo 425 Gaultheria, 426 Gaura, 282 Gayophytum, 281 44 Gentiana, 108 417 GENTIANACEAE, 308 21 GERANIACEAE, 264 377 Geranium, 264, 478 284 Gerat'dia, 3^2 327-331 Geum, 221 273 Geum, 222 274 Gilia, 3'9 273 Gilia, 318 319,321 259 Glaux, 308 259 Glyceria, 53-55 69, 471 Glycosma, 290 70 Glycyrrhiza, 2^9 362 Gnaphalium, 415, 483 323 Gnaphalium, 408 67 Gnodvera, 108 66,67 GRAMINEAE, 19 13+ Graphephorum, 38 291 Gratiola, 352, 481 274 Grayia, 133 278, 479 Grindelia, ^80 107 GROSSULARIACEAE, 5oi 107 Gutierrezia, 379 6 Gvmiiaudra, 352 6 Gymnolomia, 418 43 GYMNOSPERMAE, 8 296 Gyrostachys, 107 399, 483 389, 408 Habenaria, 103-107 383 Hale Ilia, 480 25 HALORAGIDACEAE, 283 119 Hedeoma, 338 206, 207 Hedysarum, 256 71, 471 Hedysarum, 256 422 Helenium, 425 327 Heleniiim, 425 330-332 Helianthella, 420 188 Helianthus, 418 98 Helianihus, 420 417,418 Heliomeris, 418 397 Heliopsis, 417 356 Heliotropium, 326 286 Helonias, 93 351 Heracleum, 285 379 Herpestis, 351 266 Hesperochiron, 326 266 Heuchera, 196 482 Heiichera, 198 135 Hieracium, 463 389 Hieraciitm, 460 324, 325 Hierochloa, 22 408 Hippurus, 284 Holcus, 22 284 Holodiscus, 207 285 1 Homalobus, 246 490 INDEX. Horkelia, Hordeum, Hosackia, Hulsea, Humulus, Hiilchitisia. 216 66 237 42;? 118 183 HYDRANGEACE\E. 201 HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 322 Hvdrophyllum, 322 Hydroph} '11 11 m, 325 Hyraenop-ippus, 422 HYPERICACEAE. 259 Hypericum, 25q Hypopitys, 296 Ilex, 269 ILLECEBRACEAE 151 lonactis, 397 Ipomoea, 323 IRIDACEAE, 102 Iris, 102 ISOETACEAE, 8 Isoetes, 8 Iva, 451 Ivesia, 216 Ixophorus, 469 Jacksonia, 190 JUNCACEAE, 87 Juncoides, 91- 471 Juncus, 87. 471 Juncus, 9 1,92,471 Juniperus, 13 Jussmea, 281 Kalmia, 297 Kelseya, 207 Kochia, 136 Kochia, 134 Koeleria, 44 Koeletia, 45 Krvnitzkia, 330-332 Kuhnia, 379 Kuhnislera, 237, 238 Kunzia, 223 LABIATAE, 337 Lacinaria, 379 Lactuca, 455- 484 Lappula, 327 Larix, 10 Lathyrus, 2,58, 477 Lathy rus, 258 Laurentia, 378 Laiirentia, 482 Lavauxia, 280 Ledum, 296 Leg-ouzia, 378 Lemna, 87 LEMNACEAE, 87 LENTIBULARIACEAE. 367 Leontodon, 45+ Leonurus, 481 Lepachys, 417 Lepargryraea, 273 Lepidium, 172 Lepigonum, 151 Leptilon, 408 Leptotaenia, 285 Lepturiis, 42 Lesquerella, 179 Leucocrinum, 94 Lewisia, Lewisia, Ltatris, Ligusticum, LILIACEAE, Lilium, Liliuni, LIMNANTHACEAE Limnorchis, Limosella, LINACEAE, Linanthus, Linnaea, Linosyris, Linum, Listera, Lithophragma, Lithospermum, Lloydia, LOASACEAE, Lobelia, Lobelia, LOBELIACEAE. Lonicera, Lophanthns, LORANTHACEAE, Lotus, Lupinaster. Lupinus, Luzula, Lvchnis, LYCOPODL-VCEAE. Lycopodium, Lycopus, Lygodesmia, Lygodesmia, Lysias, Lysichiton, Lysiella, Lysimachia, 140 137, 138 379 292 94 97 97 268 104 352 265 319 372 384 265 107 198 333 99 271 378 378 378 372 339 118 237 234 230 91,92 143. 473 8 8,467 338 455 453 103 86 104 307 I Machaeranthera, Macrocalyx, Macronema, Macrorh yncus. Madia, Malva, Malva, MALVACEAE, Malvastrum, Mammillaria, 272, Marrubium, Marsilea, MARSILEACEAE, Matricaria, Medicago, Melampvnim, MELANTHACEAE, Melica, Melilotus, Meutha, Mentzelia, MENYANTHACEAE, Menj-anthes, k Menziesia, Menziesia, 298, Meriolix, Mertensia, Mespjlus, Micrampelis, Microseris, 452, Mimulus, Mitella, 398 323 384 457 421 477 259 258 259 273 481 6 6 426 233 366 92 43 234 111 480 480 296 299 281 335 228 377 453 350 199 Moehringia, Monarda, Moneses, Monniera, MONOCOTYLEDONES, Monolepis, Monotropa, Monotr-opa, MONOTROPACEAE, Montia. Montolivaea, Muhlenbergia, Munroa, Musineon, Miisenium, Myagrtcm, Myosotis, Myosurus, Myriophyllum, ^fvr^op/eris, Jlyrrhis, 151 339 295 351 14 296 296 296 139,472 106 26 42 288 288 179 161 283 . 4 Nabalus, 463 NAIADACEAE, i.s Naias, 468 Naslm-tium, 173-176 Naumburgia, 307 Navarretia, 321 y^es^undo, 270 Neillia, 205 Nemophila, 323 Nepeta, 339 Nicotiana, 341 Nicotiana, 326 Nothocalais, 452 Nil p liar. 151 NYCTAGINL^CEAE, 136 Nymphaea, 151 NYMPHAEACEAE, 151 Obeliscaria, Obione, Oenothera, Oniphalodes, Onagra, ONTAGRACEAE, Onobrychis, Onosmodium, Onvchium , Oonopsis, OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Ophrys, Opulaster, Opuntia, ORCHIDACEAE, Orchis, Oreastrum, Oreobroma, Oreocarya, OROBANCHACEAE Orobanche, Orobanche, Orophaca, Orthocarpus, Orthocarpus, Oryzopsis, Oryzopsis, Osniorrhiza, Onrisia, Oxybaphiis, Oxygraphis, Oxyria, Oxytropis, 417 133. 134 278-281 327 278 274 256 333 467 383 I 109 205 273 103 103, 104, 106 398 137 332 366 366 367 249 361 361 24 25 289, 290 326 136 169 125 250-252, 254-256 Pach3'lophus, Facliypodiuni, Pachystima, Panax, Panicularia, Panicum, Paiiicuvi, 20, 21 Papaver, PAPAVERACEAE, PAPIUONACEAE, Parietaria, Parnassia, PARNASSIACEAK, Paronychia, Pastinaca, Pedicularis, Pedicularis, Pellaea, Pentstemon, Peramium, Petalostemon, Petasites, Petrophyton, Peucedatium, Phaca, Phaca, 242, 244-246, 249 Phacelia, 323 Phalangiuvi, 100 Phalans, 21 Plialaris, 41 Phegopteris, 3, 466 Philadelphus, 201 Philipaea, 367 Phleum, 26 Phlox, 312, 480 Phragmites, 42 Phyllodoce, 298 Physalis, 341 Physaria, 178 Physostegia, 340 Picea, 10, 468 Picea, 12 Picradenia, 424 Picradenia, 424 PINACEAE, 8 Pinguicula, 482 Pinus, 8, 118,468 PitinSy 12 PLANTAGINACEAE, 368 Plantago, 368 Platanthera, 103. 105, 106 Poa, 45 Poa, 53-55, 58 Polanisia, 190 POLEMONIACEAE, 312 Polemonium, 321 Polygala, 266 POLYGALACEAE, 266 POLYGONACEAE, 119 Polygonum, 126,472 POLYPODIACEAE, 2 Polypodium, 5 Polypodium, 2, 3, 4 Polypogon, 30 Polystichum, 3 POMACEAE, 227 Populus, 115 Porterella, 482 PORTULACACEAE, 137 Potamogeton, 15, 468 Potentilla, 208 Poientilla, 216-221 Prenanthes, 453, 456, 463 INDEX. 280 Primula, 302 71, 172 PRIMULACEAE, 302 269 Prosarles, 101 284 Prunella, 340 53 Prunus, 226, 477 20 Pseudocymopterus, 288 68, 469 Pseudotsuga, 12, 118 475 Psoralea, 237 475 PTERIDOPHYTA, I 229 Pteris, 5, 467 n8 Pleris, 467 200 Pterospora, 296 200 Ptilocalais, 452 151 Ptiloria, 453 285 Puccinellia, 55 53, 482 Pulnionaria, 335, 336 363 Pulsatilla, 159 4, 466 Purs hi a, 223 342 Pyrola, 294, 479 108 Pyrola, 295 237 PYROLACEAE, 294 484 Pyrrocoma, 381 206 Pyrus, 227, 477 285 245 Quamasia, 100 RANUNCULACEAE, 152 Ranunculus, 162, 474 Ranunculus, 168, 169, 474 Ratibida, 417 Razoumofskya, 118 RHAMNACEAE, 270 Rhamnus, 270, 479 Rhinanthus, 366 Rhodiola, 190 Rhododendron, 297 Rhus, 268, 479 Ribes, 201, 476 Roripa, 174 Rosa, 224, 477 ROSACEAE, 205 RUBIACEAE, 374 Rubus, 207, 476 Rudbeckia, 416 Rudbeckia, 417 Rumex, 124 Rutne.v, 125 Ruppia, 18 Rydbergia, 424 Sagina, 147 Sagittaria, 19 SALICACEAE, 109 Salicornia, 135 Salix, 109, 472 Salsola, 136 Salvia, ' 339 Sambucus, 369 Sanicula, 292 SANTALACEAE, 119 Saponaria, 143 Sarcobatus, 135 Savastana, 22 Saxifraga, 191, 476 Saxifraga, 195 SAXIFRAGACEAE, 191 Schedonnardus, 42 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, 18 Schoenocrambe, 173 Scilla, 100 Scirpus, 70, 470 Scirpiis, 69, 70, 471 Scorzonella, 452 491 Scrophularia, 481 SCROPHULARIACEAE, 342 Scutellaria, 340 Sedum, 190 Selaginella, 7 SELAGINEIvIvACEAE, 7 Selimim, 292, 293 Senecio, 437 Serratula, 448 Set aria, 20, 468 Shepherdia, ^-jt,, 274 Sibbaldia, 218 Sibbaldia, 221 Sieversia, 222 Silene, 141, 473 Silene, 143 Si/iapis, 174 Sisymbrium, 47=; Sisymbrium, Sisyrincliivim, Sitanion, 66, 470 Slum, 291 Sium, -^ 292 Smelowskia, 183 Smilacina, 100 vSOLANACEAE, 341 Solanum, 341, 48t_ Solidago, 386 Solidago, 379, 389 Sonchus, 455 Sonchus, 455 Sophia, 184, 475 Sorbus, 227, 477 SPARGANIACEAE, 14 Sparganium, 14 Spartina, 41 Specularia, 378 Spergula, 147 Spergularia, 151 Sphaeralcea, 258 Sphaeromeria, 427 Sphaerostigma, 281 Spiesia, 250, 255 Spiraea, 206 Spiraea, 205-207 Spiranthes, 107 Sporobulus, 28 Spraguea, 138 Stachys, 341 Stanleya, 172 Steironema, 307 Slellaria, I43-I45, 473 Stenactis, 40J Stenanthium, 93 Stenotus, 382 Stenotus, 383 Sfephanomeria, 453 Stipa, 22 Stipa, 25 Streptopus, loi Stylopappus, 460 Suaeda, 135 Subularia, 172 Suckleya, 133 Suksdorfia, 476 Swertia, 311 Swertia, 480 Symphoricarpos, 370 Synthyris, 352 Syntherisma, 469 Tagetes, Talinum, 426 137 492 INDEX. Tanacetum, 427 Trigonella, 237 VALERIANACEAE 376 Taraxacum, 454, 484 TRILLIACEAE, 102 Vaseya, 26 Taraxia, 280 Trillium, 102, 472 Veratrum, 94 TAXACEAE, 468 Tripolium, 396 Verbascum, 342 Taxus, 468 Tripteridium, 137 Verbena, 337 Tellima, 198 Trisetum, 39 VERBENACEAE, 337 Tetradymia, 437 Trisetum, 38 Veronica, 353 Tetragonanthus, 480 Triteleia, 97 Vest carta, 178, 179 Tetraneuris, 424 Triticjun, 61-64 Viburnum, 370 Thalesia, 367 Trollius, 152 Vicia, 258 Thalictrum, 169, 475 Troximon, Vtlfa, 28 Tliaspnim, 291 452, 456, 457 459, 460 Villarsia, 326 Thelesperma, 421 Turn lis, 185, 186 Viola, 260, 478 Thelypodiuin, 171 Tussilago, 484 VIOLACEAE, 260 Thermopsis, 229 Tvpha, 14 Vleckia, 339 Therofon, 195 TYPHACEAE, 14 Thlaspi, 173 Washingtonia, 289 Tlilaspi, 179 UMBELLIFERAE, 284 Woodsia, 2 Thuja, 13 Uni folium, lOI Wiilfenia, 352, 353 Tiarella, 200 Uniola, 45 Wyethia, 418 Ti^area, 223 Urachne, 25 Wyomingia, 405 Tiilaea, 191 Urtica, 117 Tissa, Tofieldia, 151 92 URTICACEAE. Utricularia, 117 367 Xanthium, 452 Townsendia, Tradescantia, 389 87 Uvularia, 101 Xerophyllum, Xylosleum, 92 373 Trag^opogon, 453 Vaccaria, 143 Trautvetteria, 161 VACCIKIACEAE, 300 Yucca, 100 Trich ophy llu >ii , 422,423 Vaccinium, 300, 479 Trifolium, 234 Vacciiiium, 300 Zannichellia, 17 Tri/olhitn, 234 Vaernera, 100 Zizia, 291 Triglochin, 18 Valeriana, 376 Zygadenus, 93 QK178.R9 RydberoL Per Axel/Catalogue of the flora gen iiilli nil II mill III! nil III! 3 5185 00133 3234 , i .:'T-i r*;r}y% ■^^A •