pceune aeted tik wn isi ith ae eat ate ett tp RL A CETL ELLAALE LOCAL LEIA COLL BOODLE AA EELMOCO OLE OE ecg td Abitiige Mactan atm innne anton teil hase anmnnnaninaetinneiemm Sinton hain heen apie cect atstant diteh at eth chiciid acne Aven PIC ALLE TCL LANSE ttt ALARM ORE EDS aw sAd drain ans bbls tj Es e Zz geseaes Gy oe \ WY British Museum (Ratural History). This 1s No. 24 _ of 25 copies of the “Catalogue of Fresh-water* Fishes of Africa; Vole Il, printed. on .special PRESENTED The Trustees or THE BRITISH MUSEUM. =e ee GA, EOGUrE OF THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF AFRICA IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). VOLUME Il. BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER, F.R.S. -90 coo 0c cn od percivali, Blgr. .......... zanzibaricus, Peters ...... argenteus, Gthr, ........ wellmani, Big. .......... kessleri, Std. .......... holotenia, Blgr........... miolepis, Blgr. .......... guirali, Thomin..........- litamba, Kelh. ..-....... trevelyani, Gthr. ........ apleurogramma, Blgr. amphigramma, Blgr....... burchelli, A. Smith........ motebensis, Stdr. ........ burpiyes ois aaeer eer rser re vulneratus, Cast. ........ usambare, Ldnnb. ........ hemipleurogramma, Blgr. . . gurneyl, Gthr. ..-. 2.4. -- baneuelensis, Blgr. ...... inermis, Peters’ > .).0.... 0. quadripunctatus, Pfeff. .... nigeriensis, Blyr, ........ humeralis, Blgr. ........ radiatus, Peters .......... ablabes) (Buccs cscs cee deserti, Pellegr. ........4.- uniteniatus, Gthr......... lineomaculatus, Blgr. innocens, Pfeff. ....+¢.... SYSTEMATIC INDEX. VOL, II. 4, Barbus (con.). Page 156. humilis, Blgr............. 160 157. fasciolatus, Gihkr. ........ 161 158. chlorotenia, Blgr. ........ 162 159. trispilus, Blkr. .......... 163 160. walkeri, Bigr- ot. 164 161. teniurus, Blyr. .......... 165 162. camptacanthus, Biker. . 166 163. callipterus, Blgr. ........ 167 164. werneri, Blgr. ..... . 168 165. arcislonge, Keilh. ........ 169 166. viviparus, M. Web......... 170 HG periuces Winppe eet see kr. Al 168. trispilopleura, Blgr. ...... 172 169. neglectus, Blgr........... 173 170. doggetti, Blgr. .......... 174 NM icongicussBligie is... eek 174 172. pleuropholis, Blgr......... 175 Wes CSO airs Mood. ceerosiee 176 174. anoplus, M. Web. ........ 177 ivjowvatertePeterss eet t ee. 178 176. magdalene, Blgr. ........ 179 WSiienOCersiseD lore: oe ey 180 WiSt braazwesPellegiet she. k te. 180 179. aspilus, Blgr. ......... 181 180. anema, Blgr. ....... 182 181. trispilomimus, Blgr. ...... 183 182. salessii, Pellegr. .......... 183 ISN py SUG Reecao haeesiata wala te 184 184. stigmatopygus, Blgr....... 185 ISOS punulussBlGre” ee eee ee ee 186 Onhasboras Buca ee eee 186 1. zanzibarensis, Playf. 6 Gthr. 187 6. Leueiscus, Cuv............... 188 1. callensis, Guichen. .... 188 2. chaignoni, Vaill. ........ 189 7. Leptoeypris, Blgr....... 0.6... 190 1. modestus, Blgr. .......... 190 8. Barilius, Ham. Buch........... 191 I niloticus; Joann... 2.2)... . 193 2: weeksii, Blgr. 20. 000002... 195 3. longirostris, Blgr. ..... 195 AL thins, JEU Thc elsle mica ciors a o1s6 196 5. steindachneri, Pelleg:-. 197 6. zambesensis, Peters ...... 198 7. weynsii, Blyr......... Pao eS Eh INGEN JGR hoe ote a old nic 199 | 8. Barilius (con.). Page 9. ubangensis, Pellegr. ...... 200 10. buchholzi, Peters 201 11. kingsleye, Blgr. 2.1.20. 202 12: doati;-Bigr., Wmmastaas Ao 203 13. senegalensis, Stdr...:..... 204 14. microcephalus, Gthr. . 205 (5. “moor; Bligimrmasins 2s 1206 16. tanganice, Blgr..... 23.2... 207 7, smicrolepis,sGWi:asclwae 5 208 9. Engraulicypris, Githr........ 209 il). tsardella,pGieh7: saw eeere tr 210 2. brevianalis, Blgre ae... .. 211 3. argenteus, Pellegr. ........ 212 4. bottegi, Vincig. 2... .0.0.8 213 So snintitus; Blame easier. - « 213 10. Chelethiops, Blgr: ssi nue. 214 I. abibiess Joanie) eae 2. - 215 2. elongatus, Blgr. 0.2 oe. 216 11. Nemachilus, Van Hass. 216 1. abyssinicus, Blgr. .......% 217 Fam. 3. Srnurrp 2. 1 ClariasyGr-onwen eeeeerness e221 1. anguillaris, Z. 0.0 .2..00.0: 226 2. gariepinus, Burch. ........ 228 3. MMO OLIN Loita). eter: 230 4. senegalensis, C. dé V. 231 5. mossambicus, Peters ...... 232 6. vinciguerre, Blgr......... 234 7. lazera, C. 6: Vio. 235 8. mellandi, Blgr. 238 9. tsanensis, Blgr........... 239 10. ccapensisC) GilAeriarh cl. - 240 11. platycephalus, Blgr. ...... 241 LP: WAeusiss Blam cream ete «cs. 242 13. carsonil, Blgr. ..s2...2.. 248 14. poensis, Blgr. .......... 244 15. submarginatus, Peters 245 16. liocephalus, Blgr. ..... ... 246 i, ubrevieeps, Blom: Gent .=%1. 247 US awallkerieGiuhiny we Seer 248 NOE lon gion), Blopiiy acs e vt -|ole\« 249 20. angolensis, Stdr. ~........ 250 21. bythipogon, Saw. ....... ;. 252 22) valluaudieBlore eel... 253 PBL Weer, JEG senoodbe ac 254 x 1. ivy) 3. isopterus, Bikr........... 276 7. Dinotopterus, Blgr. .......... 276 1. cunningtoni, Blgr......... 277 SapElotosussLacep wien sHeemi. 278 1. anguillaris, Bl. .......... 278 9. Hutropius, Mg J. 2.....-... 279 1. congolensis, Leach ...... 281 2. banguelensis, Blgr. ...... 282 3. niloticus, Rupp.........-. 283 4. grentelli, Blgr. oc... 286 5. liberiensis, Hubr. ........ 287 6. debauwi, Blgr. .......... 288 (emmentalignBlg7:\. casehimnr. sek 288 8. mandibularis, GiAr, ...... 290 9. bocagii, Guamar. ........ 290 10. laticeps, Blgr. .......... 291 11. depressirostris, Peters . 291 12 omoebil, Lien eeeiaerota be 293 HOMSchilbey Guys ashe. per. eel 298 lg Mystus, (7A. nace. tee 293 . 2, uranoscopus, Bio paging. 02 | 296 11. Siluranodon, Blky. . 298 J. auritus, 7. Geoff. 293 Clarias (con.). 24. macromystax, Gthr. 25. dumerilii, Stdr. .. . liberiensis, Stdr. . pachynema, Blgr. . leviceps, Gall... . . buettikoferi, Stdr. 2. fouloni, Blgr. 33. sale, Hubr. . Allabenchelys, Blgr. .. 1. brevior, Blgr. .. 2. longicauda, Big. . Clariallabes, Blgr. .. 1. melas, Blgr. . Gymnallabes, Gihr. .. 1. typus, Gthr. . Channallabes, Gihr. .. 1. apus, Gthr. . Heterobranchus, Geoffr. 1. bidorsalis, 7. Geoff. 2. longifilis, O. g Ve . amplexicauda, Blgr. . theodore, W. Web. nists no paral 263 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 256 257 258 259 260 261 261 262 264 266 266 267 268 268 270 270 271 271 272 273 274 12) Bhysailiay Biqrayets aseaet- op 13. Parailia, Blgr. 14 1. pellucida, B/gr. ... 2. occidentalis, Pellegr. ...... 3. somalensis, Vincig, 1. congiea, Blgr. 2. longifilis, Blgr. .. 1. bayad, Forsk. .... 2. orientalis, Blgr. .. 3. docmae, Forsk. .. 4. degeni, Blgr. .... 5. urostigma, Vincig. 6. meridionalis, Gthr. 7. ubangensis, Blgr. 5. Chrysichthys, Blkr. .. 1. sianenna, Blgr. .. . Sharpii, Blgr...... . furcaius, Gthr. .. D> OO fF © . walkeri, Gthr. .. . auratus, Geoff. .. Oo oc aT Ld fer] oD Lr] no} fo) @ = & LS} . brevibarbis, Blgr.. a i=) . longibarbis, Blg;. . duttoni, Blgr. .. . wagenaari, Blyr. tt 1S . cranchi, Leach 14, 15. 16. ilies 18. 19. punctatus, Blgr. delhezi, Blgr. .. mabusi, Blgr,.. ornatus, Blyr.. .. myriodon, Blgr. 1. laticeps, Riipp..... 17. Gephyroglanis, Blgr.. 1. congicus, Blgr. .....2..+.- 2. ogoensis, Pellegr... 3. sclateri, Blgr... .. 4. tilhoi, Pellegr... .. 18. Phyllonemus, Blyr, ... 1. typus, Blyr. brachynema, Bigr. . 16. Clarotes, Kner 5 doRKereL, Odie cosseaunenosoesn . acutirostris, Gihr. ...... . nigrodigitatus, Lacep. 5. longipinnis,. Bly, Se st S¥STEMATIC INDEX. Page 19. Leptoglanis, Blgr.......2..... 350 1. xenognathus, Blgr. ...... 351 2. rotundiceps, Hilg. ........ 352 20. Amphilius, Gthr. w.0%. cess. 353 1. uranoscopus, Pfeff. ...... 354 2. STANdisy, BUptn cterseet. oe 355 3. Kerefiti, Blgtes %. .crnoterers cs" 356 4. platychir,.Gtha. .\s.:.f. .1- 357 5. hargeri, Blgpin 055.0%. 358 6. longirostris, Blgr. ........ 359 7. atesuensis, Blgr. ........ 360 8.) brevis, Big. (hceriyptt. ate « 361 9. angustifrons, Blyr. ...... 362 21. Paramphilius, Pelleg*. ........ 363 1. trichomycteroides, Pellegr. . 363 22. Parauchenoglanis, Blgr. ...... 364 1. guttatus, Lonnb. ........ 364 2. macrostoma, Pellegr. ...... 365 23. Auchenoglanis, Gthr. ........ 366 1. biscutatus, J. Gieoffr....... 367 2. occidentalis, C. §.V......: 369 3. ngamensis, Blgr. ........ 371 4, altipinnis, Blgr, ........ 372 5. ballayi, Saw. .....2......- 373 6. ubangensis, Blgr. ........ 375 7. punctatus, Blgr. 376 24, Notoglanidium, Gthr. 377 levalkertsGthiy ese ce). ei 377 DS, JAndonaing, SUR, coocauscuoos 378 1, eens, SR coddsoduon so 379 2. brevibarbis, Blyr. ........ 380 26a Graleiehthys\ Cid We. Wee) o 381 Il, watreeios, Ch GP Ws saab oiwon 381 eaters iOastey (r= aie pucks oho evs nye 352 Pilon EEN, (Eo GP LS 65. ob ce lala doo 383 1. latiseutatus, Gthr......... 385 2p iene, Jars | Boas eccbaeys 386 3. heudeloti, C. & V......... 387 4. madagascariensis, Vaill. 388 Se Nake GU Soo couc'es soos 389 6. africanus, Gthr. § Playf. .. 389 28. Synodontis, Cuv. ............ 391 Hecanidaligse3 gj. to es ee 397 2. polyodon, Vaill: ....... 398 3. acanthomias, Ble. 400 28. Synodontis (con.). 20. marmoratus, Lonnb. 23. eupterus,-Bigi.dniineawien i . nigritay CC. & V. - melanopterus, Blgr. ...... - . budgetti, Big. . frontosus, Vaill. . zambesensis, Peters 7. victorie, Bler. . nebulosus, Peters . woosnami, Blgr. - macrostigma, Blgr. , depauwi, Blyr. . tholloni, Blgr. . angelicus, Schilth. ........ . courteti, Pellegr. . pardalis, Blgr. . ornatipinnis, Blg,. 3. soloni, Bigr. . longirostris, Blgr. . labeo, Gthr. - Vaillanti, Blgr. . xiphias, Gthr. . greshofh, Schilth. . geledensis, Gthi:. . filamentosus, Bly. . smiti, Blyr. omias, Gthr. schall, Bl. Schn. . gambiensis, Gtlr. ........ ocellifer, Blyr. . caudovittatus, Blgr. ...... . granulosus, Blyr. .. 2.2... ‘ . Digromaculatus, Bly. . melanostictus, Blgr. ...... - multimaculatus, Blgr. . multipunctatus, Blyr. 21. afro-fischeri, Hilg......... fuelleborni, Hilg. § Pappenh. ODESUS; BLgar ies. aer ervey eee - . robbianus, J. A. Snuth .... . haugi, Pellegr. spubtabusy Gili yt. see : alberta, Schilth, .2.50.-.22 a batesih) Bigi ace. bie. ae » Serratus, Jivipp..........'- xil bo D 31. Euchilichthys, Blgr. ... 32, Atopochilus, Saw. . Microsynodontis, Blgr. . Chiloglanis, Peters SYSTEMATIC INDEX. . Synodontis (con.). 49. 50. dl. 52. 54. 55. 56, 57. notatus, Vaill. nummifer, Blgr. sorex, Gthr. pleurops, Bigr. decorus, Blgr. Clarias}eis\s eee ea resupinatus, Blgr. ........ batensoda, Riipp. ........ membranaceus, Geoffr. .... I batesin Big Aco welts oe 1. deckenii, Peters ....... - modjensis, Blgr, ........ - neumanni, Blgr. . cameronensis, Blgr. ...... . niloticus, Blgr. .......... . brevibarbis, Blgr. ........ 7. batesii, Blgr. .........2.5 > or Pp OS bo 1. guentheri, Schilth......... 2. TOVAUKI,) Blgir! Sacee .2 es 3. dybowskii, Vail. 1. savorgnani, Saw. .. 2. macrocephalus, Blgr, 34. 35. 39. 40. . Trachyglanis, Blgr. . Belonoglanis, Blgr. Mochocus, Joann. .........- 1. niloticus, Joann. 2 previsseSloraas seen. eee: Doumea, Sauv. 22... 2922. 1. typica, Saw. ....2..0.... 2. angolensis, Blgr. Phractura, Blgr. 1. bovei, Perugia ; landica, Blgns = shane oe . brevicauda, B/gr. . intermedia, Blgr. . longicauda, Blgr. GS Op ~C LO . ansorgii, Blgr. 7. scaphirhynchura, Vaill. . Paraphractura, Blgr........... 1. tenuicauda, Blgr. ........ 1. minutus, Blyr. 1. tenuis, Blgr. Andersonia, Blgr. ... 1. leptura, Blgr. Malopterurus, Lacep. 1. electricus, Gm. .......... 512 CATALOGUE OF AE RCA NE RE ooo AT Hele a IS Gl Es. @eec Suborder I]. OSTARIOPHYSI, Fam. 2. CYPRINID (continued). 4. BARBUS, Cuy. Régne Anim, il, p. 197 (1817); Cuv, & Val. Hist, Poiss, xvi. p. 122 (1842) 5 Heck. Russegger’s Reis. ii, p. 1017 (1843) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 82 (1868) ; Bouleng. Poiss, Bass. Congo, p. 221 (1901), and Fish, Nile, p. 195 (1907). Labeobarbus, Riipp. Mus. Senckenb. ii. p. 14 (1837); Heck. 1. ec. p. 1019. Cheilobarbus, A. Smith, Hl. Zool. S. Af, Fishes (1841). Pseudobarbus, A, Smith, |. ec. Capoéta, part., Cuy. &© Val. t.c. p. 278, Systomus, part., Heck. 1. e. p. 1016. Luciobarbus, Heck. |. ¢. p. 1019. Puntius, Bleek. Nat. Verh, M. Wetensch. Haarl, xvii. 1862, p. 112. Lnteromius, Cope, Trans. Amer, Philos. See. (2) xiii. 1867, ps 407. Barynotus, Giinth. t.e. p. 61. Body more or less compressed, covered with small, moderate, or large scales. Lateral line, if present, usually nearer the belly than the back, but always running along the middle of the caudal peduncle. Mouth small or moderately large, more or less protractile, with more or less VOL. IL. bh 2 CYPRINIDA. developed lips; barbels present or absent. Suborbitals not covering the cheek. Dorsal fin with or without ossified ray, with 9 to 14 rays, 6 to 11 of which are branched *. Anal fin short, with 7 to 10 rays*, A scaly process usually present at the base of the ventral fin. Pharyngeal teeth in three series (2 or 3, 3, 4 or 5—6 or 4, 3, 8 or 2), mostly with hooked, spoon-shaped crowns, one or more of the anterior of the inner series often molariform or mamilliform. Europe, Asia, Africa. Fig. 1. A. Ji C. Scales of three species of Burbus, A. B. bynnt; B. B. pleurogramma ; C. B. perince. The structure of the scales varies considerably according to the species. In B. bynni and its allies the exposed surface is striated by numerous longitudinal, scarcely radiating, straight or slightly wavy canals, visible to the naked eye or with the aid of a magnifier of low power +, whilst the centre is more or less finely rugose. In B. fluviatilis and other species with small scales the striations are likewise numerous, but they radiate fan-like from the centre ; whilst in B. perince, and other small species with large scales, they are reduced to from two to five, radiating from the centre, the scales appearing smooth, but for the fine concentric striation (growth-lines) which is present on the scales of all Cyprinids. The three principal types of scales are here figured, as the character has been used in the arrangement of the species. * The last ray is bifid and often cleft to the base, so as to appear as two; even when thus completely divided it is supported by a single bone, and is therefore reckoned as one. + Except in specimens that have had the scales decalcified by preservation in formol. BARBUS. 3 Synopsis of the Species. I, Exposed surface of scales striated by numerous longitudinal, or even some- what converging, straight or slightly wavy canals * ; dorsal fin with 8 to 11 X branched rays, the last simple ray, if ossified, never serrated ; two barbels on each side, rarely one +. E Tels A. Last simple dorsal ray more or less enlarged, ossified, without trace of segmentation, at least in its basal half, forming a more or less strong spine ¢ ; anal with 5 branched rays §. 1. Ventral fin with its first ray in front of or below anterior rays of dorsal, or dorsal originating slightly in advance of ventrals ; 4$-83 scales between origin of dorsal fin and lateral line. a. Lower lip continuous across the chin. a, 36-46 scales in lateral line, 4—6 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle. Se. 44-46 sp 5; dorsal with 9 branched rays ; posterior barbel not half diameter of eye, anterior usually absent . . . . . . . I. B. tropidolepis, Blgr., p. 20. Se. 43 i 5; dorsal with 8 branched rays ; pos- terior bar eel; diameter ofeye . . . . 2. B. polylepis, Blgr., p. 21. 63-7. Se. 36-42 Sit qa 43 dorsal with 8 branched rays ; posterior barbel as long as eye; first ray of ae in advance of first ray of dorsal. . 3. B. holubi, Stdr., p. 22. 40 © 6p 4; dorsal with 8 branched rays ; pos- terior barbel as long as eye; first ray of dorsal in advance of first ray of ventral. . 4. B. microterolepts, Blgr., p. 23. 8. 32-37 scales in lateral line, 4 between lateral line and ventral, 12-14 round caudal peduncle ; dorsal with 8 branched rays. Se. 32: Loy ee 4; posterior barbel 2 to 24 diameters of eye ; interorbital width 2% to 3 times in length of head ; lower lip with a median [ober ener vues 2.) 4) 0) fli FO Ommackonema, Blox. p..24. * The species showing this type of scales (the pe or mee. Gaup) agree very closely in the number of vertebra, viz. 40 to 44 (23-24417-21). T In B, tropidolepis and B. micrenema. ~£ In the present synopsis, and in the descriptions, the length of the stiff part only is given. § It is of course impossible to marshall the multitude of species grouped under this head in anything Jike a linear series. Different groupings could be adopted according to the weight attached to the size of the scales, the structure of the mouth, the position of the dorsal fin, &e. The arrangement here followed is that which appears to the author to lead most readily to correct identification of specimens. B2 ae 5k OB: Se. 26-27 i 2; posterior barbel 14 diameters of eye; caudal peduncle 13-15 times as long asideep, 2) 3 = i. DP Reus OO >. ine wuOnuD. Ws Dor tt Depth of body 3-34 times in total length. Se. 25-27 a 2; posterior barbel 1} to 14 dia- metersofeyeinadult . . 2. . . 34. 5, krapji, Blgr., p. 54 BARBUS. ~J Se. 28-29 4h 2; posterior barbel but little longer than eye ; both lips produced into Or cr long triangular lobes. . . . . . . . 35. B. laliatus, Blgr., p ** Depth of body much greater than length of head. Se. 28- 293 ip 2; posterior barbel 13-1? dia- meters of eve ; depth of body 31-33 times Neat inecotalleme the van ty eNO cu) ta SO Ba alticolay Blor..pyod. Sc. 24-29 84 2; posterior barbel 1-1} dia- meters of eye; depth of body 23-34 times 37. B. hindii, Blgr., p. 96. in total length QJ AY 4} Se. 25-28 3-4) diameters of eye ; depth of body 23-3 times intotallenothy © vse ovine GOs o.canensis a Grthiz Dato o. 14-2; posterior barbel 12-2 b. Lower lip interrupted on the chin ; mouth inferior or subinferior. a. Lower jaw with rounded edge. * Depth of body 31-4 times in total length. { Posterior barbel not twice as long as eye; dorsal with 8-9 branched rays.* ¢ Interorbital width 22-31 times in length of head, width of mouth 3-5 times. Se. 36-37 a 21; posterior barbel slightly longer than eye; depth of body 32-44 times in total length, length of head 4-43 times ; snout rather pointed . . . . . . . . 39. B. fergussoni, Blgr., p. 59. Se. 80-3 ee 24-3; posterior barbel 1-12 diameters of eye; depth of body 31-4 times in total length, length of head 34-43 times. 40. B. intermedius, Riipp., p. 59. Se. 34 Be 3; posterior barbel 14 diameters of eye; depth of body equal to length of head, 34 times in, totaluleniothy 25 eae. Onl ABS harringtonme Blots pil. Se. 31-34 iz 5) 24-3; posterior barbel 1-14 diameters of eye; depth of body equal to length of head, 34-33 times in total length. 42. B. jarsinus, Bler., p. 62. Se Se. 30 2 3; posterior barbel } diameter of eye; depth of body 3} times in total length, length of head 4 times . . . . . . . 43. B. ilg, Pellegr., p. 63. ¢} Interorbital width 2-24 times in length of head. Se. 38 2, 3; posterior barbel a little shorter than eye; width of mouth 4 times in length of Iendl 3 5 Meh oe ool nh 8 MME eg a dle JB y adnan WERE jp (3 SiOs 6 CYPRINIDE. ; posterior barbel at least as iene as ey e; las of mouth 24-3 times in length of head 45. B. eurystomus, Keilh., p. 64. tt Posterior barbel twice as longas eye ; dorsal with 10 branched rays. 33 = 3; depth of body equal to length of head, 34-37 times in total length . ** Depth of body 23-3 times in length of head. & sy . pz, 24-3 ; posterior barbel 13-13 diameters of eye ; dorsal with 8-9 branched 46. B. zuaicus, Bigr., p. 64. total length, much greater than rays . AT, Se. 28 a 24; posterior barbel twice as long as eye ; dorsal with 10 branched rays . 48. Se. 29 = 23; posterior barbel 2 diameter of eye ; dorsal with 9 branched rays . 49, Se. Se. 2 Se. 8. Lower jaw with angular edge. * Interorbital width 34-34 hes 8-9 branched rays. 30-33 33, 2-24; posterior barbel 14-12 dia- ofeye .. ** Jnterorbital width 23-3 times 9-10 branched rays. Moos 34 22 5p 2 913 ; posterior barbel not longer than eye; width of mouth 24-3 times in length of head ; spine of dorsal 2 to once length of head. . . . . . 5i . 30 3p 21; posterior barbel a little Jonger than eye ; width of mouth 23 times in length of head ; spine of dorsal 4 length of head 28-30 ip 2-21; posterior barbel 14-1} diameters of eye; width of mouth 33-4 times in length of head; spine of dorsal 2-2 length of head 25-30 Fh, 2; posterior barbel not longer than eye; width of mouth 33-4 times in length of head ; spine of dorsal as long as heade es a Pe ale aba i =] > One - dd. 54. . B. macmillani, Blegr., p. 67. B. surkis, Riipp., p. 65. B, mathoie, Blgr., p. 66. B. meneliki, Pellegr., p. 67. leneth of head; dorsal with 2 length of head ; dorsal with . B. plagiostomus, Bler., p. 68. B. bingeri, Pellegr., p. 69. B. bottegi, Blgr., p. 70. B. perplewxicans, Blgr., p. 71. ***” Tnterorbital width 3 times in length of head; dorsal with 8 branched rays. 43 s 28-29 7i, 25 posterior barbelas long aseye. DOe [p- 72. B, pagenstecheri, J. G. Fisch, Se. Se. Se. ¢ 2. Base of ventral below middle of base of dorsal. a. Lower lip interrupted on the chin ; lower jaw without angular edge. Se. 40 oe, 34, 16; dorsal with 8 branched rays; posterior barbel as long aseve. . . . . 61. B. platyrhinus, Blgr., p. 76. a thorn lip restricted to the sides ; lower jaw with angular edge. Se. 36-40 ° 6? =, 43; dorsal with 9 branched rays ; posterior barbel not quite $ diameter of SVEN ee ee Cann ti, Mare SSO DMY Bp aknaycs scarcer etn. 10,0, Se. 37 sue 3, 14; dorsal with 8 branched rays ; posterior barbel as long aseye. . . . . 63. B. elephantis, Blgr., p. 78. Se. 2¢ oe 24,12; dorsal with 9 branched rays ; Se. Se. BARBUS. c. Lower lip interrupted on the chin ; mouth terminal ; dorsal with 8— branched rays, its spine shorter than head. 37-40 oo 3-34 ; posterior barbel 4} dia- meter of eye ; interorbital width 32-4 times meno thvotthead if: \ 2) (ek: Meio H56aeBerhoadesn, Bler. op. 02. 35-37 7p 3s posterior barbel 11-1? diameters of eye; interorbital width 23-3 times in length of head; depth of body exceeding 8) 9 lenoch otvhedd@ 6. ts.) sean lathe {52 1B. platystomus, Bloc ps (3. 53 . ; 3151, 25; posterior barbel 15 diameters of eye ; interorbital width 4 times in length of head ; depth of body not exceeding length OE Inga) o')).gu)l baci lai giilo- Bi) vo") o.) ws Ghee Hate tegen! Lolermey ays (eis 54-63 . 32-36 $5) 23-3; posterior barbel not longer than eye ; depth of body not exceed- ing ee ciiveadien ayn a foes D9, Br gorguari. RUDD. pelo . 26-27 7 2; posterior barbel about 2 dia- meter of eye ; interorbital width 3 times inlength of head . . ... . . . ~ 60. B. oxyrhynchus, Pfeff., p. 76. posterior barbel about $ diameter of eye; caudal peduncle 1? times as long as deep . 64. B. sector, Blgr., p. 78. 27 2 2,12; dorsal with 10 branched rays ; posterior barbel 4 diameter of eye ; caudal pedunele slightly longer than deep . . . 65. B. micronema, Bler., p. 79 c. Lower lip continuous across the chin, forming a more or less developed Je lobe. 4 29 4p , 12; dorsal with 9 branched rays ; sat barbel 3-3? diameter ofeya . . 66. B. brucii, Blgr., p. 80. tole bel 10 CYPRINIDA. B. Last simple dorsal ray more or less enlarged, ossified at least in its basal half, forming a more or less strong spine; anal with 6 (rarely 7) branched rays. 1. Lower jaw with rounded or blunt edge. 53-63 =a, 23-3; spine of dorsal very Mm Q is*) ir oo Or a a tb strong, at least 2 length of head, usually as long as head ; posterior barbel 14-2 diameters of eye inadult ; anal not reaching Ce yo ess Soe oa al Giles Jes naman Ctlies jos Bile Se. 32-35 fo strong, oN ngth of head ; posterior barbel , 24-3; spine of dorsal moderately 3—} diameter of eye ; anal not quite reach- rae CAG Bao oo 6 Vande ol Poms Gwe yarmtion Ile. 7 G2). Se. 31-35 = 2-24 ; spine of dorsal very strong, 2-3 length of head ; posterior barbel 3-1 gee of eye ; anal reaching caudal . . 69. B. rothschilii, Gthr., p. 83. Se. 31- 33 2 —24 ; spine of dorsal strong, 3-? ean of as posterior barbel 1-14 dia- mater ie eye ; anal reaching caudal. . . 70. B. riggenbachi, Gthr., p. 84. Se. 30-33 3 58 24-3; spine of dorsal rather feeble, 3-2 length of head ; posterior barbel 3-1 Fie of eye ; anal reaching caudal. 71. B. fritschii, Gthr., p. 85. 2. Lower jaw with sharp edge ; spine of dorsal feeble, $3 length of head ; posterior barbel shorter than eye. ~ 62 4 as Se. 32-35 =, 23-3; anal reaching caudal . . 72. B. waldor, Blgr., p. 86. a 5 re 9 Se. 35-36 = 24; anal not reaching caudal . . 73. B. atlanticus, Blgr., p. 87. is C. Last simple ray of dorsal not enlarged, or segmented down to its basal third ; anal with 5 branched rays. J. Snout projecting more or less beyond mouth. a. Dorsal originating above ventral ; posterior barbel as long as eye, or slightly longer or shorter. Sc. 42 © 7 produced into a long triangular lobe . . . 74. B. gilchristi, Blgr., p. 88. Sc. 33-36 peed 24, 14-16 ; Jower lip continuous agrosaychin® .pue penis, byddint: a). “Meine. 75. Bs bomen, Bler., p. 59. Se. 34-37 2202 across chin ; lower jaw with a sharp edge . 76. B. aureus, Cope, p. 90. 4, 14; lower lip continuous across chin, 25, 16 ; lower lip not extending b. Dorsal originating in advance of ventral. a. Posterior barbel as long as eye or slightly longer. 536d ; o2—2) 91-3, 12-14 ; dorsal with 9 branched rays: lower lip not extending Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. BARBUS. nll across chin ; lower jaw with angular edge ; caudal pagienele 1} times as long as deep . 77. B. johnstonii, Blgr., p. 90. 32-34 © BP 3, 12; dorsal with 9 branched rays; lips produced into triangular lobes ; caudal peduncle about 14 times as long as Gecp ih GWE Lelie eucunt UK Haunt ont Orta cambesensis eters, p. 911. 32-33 2 2, 14; dorsal with 8 branched rays ; ie produced into triangular lobes ; caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 79. B. lobochilus, Blgr., p. 92. B. Posterior barbel 3—# diameter of eye. * Lower lip continuous across chin; dorsal with 9-10 branched rays. 30-32 + ree 2, 12; lips produced into trian- gular lobes; caudal peduncle 14 times as lonegasidee pia meee auch (bite OU. a. ichulotes, blot pao: . 26-28 = 2, 12; caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. : : ..,- .,. . . 81. B. caudovittatus, Blgr., p. 94. ** Lower lip not extending across chin ; dorsal with 8-9 branched rays. + Lower jaw with angular edge. 30-32 = 24-3, 12; caudal peduncle 14-14 times as long as dee ~ 3 ee 8 82. Ba rhodestanus: Blor-., p. 90s > pigt-» p a 30-31 a 24, 12 ; caudal peduncle not longer TRaACe PIN a ues CIty el On a. DICLOne, BIOL Da oO. +t Lower jaw without angular edge. 34 S 24, 12; edge of dorsal straight ; canal hatin 1} times as long as deep . 84. B. fairbairnii, Bler., p. 97. 32 4 4p 2, 12; edge of dorsal concave ; caudal mee 1} times as long asdeep . . . 85. B. codringtonii, Blgr., p. 98. *** Lower lip not extending across chin; dorsal with 10-11 branched rays. 29 = 24,12; edge of dorsal concave ; caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep . . . 86. B. wurtzi, Pellegr., p. 99. ¥, 33 : . 25-27 gi, 2, 12; edge of dorsal concave ; pe peduncle a little longer than deep . 87. B. macrolepis, Pfeff., p. 99. ; 94° 30 2, 12 ; edge of dorsal convex in front ; caudal peduncle as long as deep . . . . 88. B. lagoensis, Gthr., p. 100. y. Posterior barbel 4 diameter of eye; lower lip continuous across chin. OE PI ec ee ce 6 8 oo oo BBL Hee alhualonsallos, Mallee, jos tile 12 CYPRINIDA. 2. Lower jaw projecting beyond snout. AG). oye we Seva2 sso acai 2ay L2 he il tee tee OMeaepragenysDlon. spl. II. Exposed surface of scales with radiating canals (see fig. 1, p. 2, B, ©), which, as a rule, are very numerous in the species with small scales, and less numerous, or even restricted to a few, in those with large scales * ; dorsal fin with 6 to 8 (rarely 9) branched ravs, anal with 5, rarely 6 f. a NSN ut simple dorsal ray enlarged, bony, forming a strong spine which is not serrated behind ; two barbels on each side. 1. Depth of body 3-4 times in total length ; snout not longer than eye. 53-43 Se. 30-35 (rarely 36) = 3-4; dorsal with 8 (very rarely 7) branched rays, its spine not [p. 103. longer than head . . . . . . . . . 91. B. trimaculatus, Peters, Se. 36-39 - ao 4; dorsal with 8 branched rays, its ee not longer than head. . . . . 92. B. nummifer, Bler., p. 105. Se. 36- 37° Gi 4-4 ; dorsal with 7 branched rays, its spine a little longer than head. . . . 93. B. jacksonii, Gthr., p. 106. 2. Depth of body 43 times in total length; snout a little longer than eye. 63 Se. 37 ee 7 See SB iikast simple dorsal ray more or less enlarged, bony, at least in the basal third, and serrated bebind } ; two barbels on each side. —. 1. 40-51 scales in lateral line, 7}-104 between origin of dorsal and lateral Bel lo Mel g BP bag Fo aug te Cee Jee meromnonlicone, Jbllees jo. UO. line. a. Base of ventral entirely below dorsal. ~, 83-103 Se. 48-51 suai ¢ of dorsal very strong, strongly serrated, 54-7, 20-22; last simple ray serrated part 4-2 length of head ; inter- orbital wrucltia oe times in leneth of head. 95. B. biscarcnsis, Blgr., p. 108. Se. 40-47 s=52 of atl cai Aa strong, strongly serrated, serrated part 3-3 ne of head; inter- orbital width 22~3 times in length of head. 96. B. callensis, C. & V., p. 109. Se. 40-45 an 4-5, 18-20 ; last simple ray of dorsal moder rately strong, more or less , 18-20; last simple ray strongly serrated, serrated part 2—} length of head ; interorbital width 24-3 times in [p. 110. Iksaeedan@elnergl 5% 55 5 6 6 6 0 o Mio Jn eowoumonne, Oo & We * In aie former aul 1 of this synopsis), as in B. ve the Ele fds 40 to 49 (22-28417-21); in the latter they number only 33 to 38 (17-21+13-18). + In B. capensis, p. 14. + Except in aberrant specimens of B. holotwnia, p. 16. BARBUS. 13 192 : Se. 41-46 ary 4, 18-20; last simple ray of dorsal rather feeble, feebly serrated, ser- rated part 1} length of head ; interorbital width 24-23 times in length of head . . 98. B. ksibi, Blgr., p. 111. b. Base of ventral at least partly anterior to dorsal ; last simple ray of dorsal strongly serrated. 7-83 Se. 44-47 or oi partly below dorsal; snout rounded, at 5-6, 18-20; base of ventral least 3 times in length of head ; mouth Bogeite, umaliowlen een meng we aneunoncines ome mo alu. Se. 46-50 = a sie 4—5, 20-22; base of ventral partly below dorsal; snout narrow and pointed, less than 3 times in length of head; mouth very narrow, inferior . . . . . 100. B. nasus, Gthr., p. 113. Se, 44-46 = at 4—5, 20; base of ventral en- tirely in advance of dorsal ; mouth terminal. 101. B. serra, Peters, p. 114. 2, 32-40 scales in lateral line, 53-74 between origin of dorsal and lateral line ; posterior barbel not or but little longer than eye. a. Base of ventral entirely in advance of dorsal. Se, 34-39 S434, 16-18 ; dorsal with 7 pare. ®) SOLt MAS Men cue)! Uc Miaia, \oy LO2. van paluadrmosuss Overs Ds) Lila. Se. 32-33 2 4) 21, 14; dorsal with 7 branched rays : length of head 4 times in total poet be 6 eh Be be 6) ooo MOR, J5t, amcromien (Eilon, rors Mahe Se. 33 > iy 24-3, 14; dorsal with 8 branched rays; dene of head 4-43 times in total length. 104. B. pfeffert, Blgr., p. 117. Se. 33 22 rr length of head 33 times in total length . 105. B. mattozt, Guimar., p. 118. 3, 14; dorsal with 8 branched rays ; b. Base of ventral entirely or partly below dorsal. a. ag pedunele at least 12 times as long as deep. Sc. 32-33 © 7a + 24-3, 143; dorsal with 8 branched rays; length of head 3-34 times innocd lencthta ernie oh at lOO. i .irapaw, Star .epamilos » 53-64 Se, 32-35 an 3-54, 12-14; dorsal with 7 branched rays ; sa a of head 33-32 times totallenoth. 1... |. . LO’. ‘B.'thikensis, Blors, p. 120. Se. 35 a 3, 16; dorsal with 7 branched rays; length of head 4 times in total length ; [p. 120, lateral line incomplete. . . « . . . 108. B. pleurogramma, Blyr., 14 CYPRINIDZ. Se. 35-37 —_ , d-4, 14-16 ; dorsal with 7 remain rays ; length of head 3}—4 times intotallengsth . . . ... . . . 109. B. longicauda, Bler., p. 121. 8. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deop. Se. 37 a HG Oo oto oo oo oo LOS JEL clkeiieroms, LNeAR: jos WRK c. Base of ventral below middle of dorsal. Se. 39-40 ae 4, 16; anal with 6 branched WH 6 o 0 5 8 6 0 6 0 6 6 a oo Tbilils JEG eryagnai, As Siatiln, jo U2R 3. 23-32 scales in lateral line, 45-54 between origin of dorsal and lateral line. a. Base of ventral entirely or partly in advance of dorsal; dorsal with 7 branched rays (rarely 6). a. Posterior barbel twice as long as eye in adult. Se. 26-30 aoe 23-3, 12; base of ventral partly in advance of dorsal . . . . . 112. B. serrifer, Blor., p. 124. Sc. 27 = 3, 12; base of ventral entirely in advance of dorsal. . . . . . . . . 113. B. lumiensis, Blgr., p. 125. 8. Posterior barbel not more than 14 diameters of eye. * Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Sc. 25-26 3, 24,12-14 . . . . . . . . 114. B. minchini, Bigr., p. 126. Sz) SN wie lle ** Caudal peduncle 14-12 times as long as deep. + 28-31 scales in lateral line ; depth of body 33-4 times in total length. t Dorsal with 7 branched rays. Sc. 28-29 72 ree 24-3 ; interorbital width 3 times in length of head ; base of ventral entirely in advance of dorsal) 7) Vy.) 1105 BY ensorgit, Blgr.jppy 126: Se. 31 a 24; interorbital width 3 times in length of head ; base of ventral partly in advance'of dorsally) a0 5) 10 116.) B: tetzaspilus, Piett., 7p. 127. Se. 28 4 3; interorbital width twice in length of head ; base of ventral partly in advance Glsdorsalaess dyin ith. we well, Bilatecape inter: sapenlae, eevee with 6 branched rays. Se. 28 * 33 base of ventral partly in advance por eal EN ak og. binihs DOLa Te tawr, omgTSY UBF searadiatus, Bler., p. 128. tt 24-28 scales in lateral line ; depth of body 8-34 times in total length ; base of ventral nearly entirely in advance of dorsal. 2) nO l=>) 24; eye 4} times in length of head ; eat pectoral not quite reaching yentral . . . 119, B, salmo, Pfeff., p. 129 BARBUS. 1 OV Se. 25-26 ave 2-24; eye 3-3} times in length of head ; pectoral reaching or nearly reaching ventra a ears sa ee Ob censtent Peters: pa l30, Se. 24-28 3 gp? -25; eye 34-4 times in length of head ; pectoral not reaching ventral . 121. B. eutenia, Blgr., p. 131. b. Base of ventral entirely below dorsal. a. 28-33 scales in lateral line. * Posterior barbel more than 14 diameters of eye and snout longer than eye in adult; dorsal with 7 branched rays. Se. 80-31 733 eye 5} times in ene of head ; depth of body 41 times in total length. . 122. B. newmayeri, Pfeff., p. 132. i ° Se. 28-30 3p 3; eye 4-5 times in length of head ; depth of body 33-4 times in total length ; interorbital width 24-22 times in lengthyoksheadieees (oy. ca 2 os @s js = 1235-8) natrobiensis,, Blow., p.vl32- ‘ ng 43-93 9 G : . Se. 28-32 ao 3-4; eye 33-44 times in length of head ; depth of body 32-4 times in total length; interorbital width 3 times in lenethiotsheaden sare) Weis Paoawtaid., L24, 6. portale, Blgt-, pa loo. ** Posterior barbel 1 to 14 diameters of eye. Se. 28 * re 3; eye 41-5 times in length of head, interorbital width 24-3 times ; dorsal with (abranchedaravsi Wu. ube 4) | 0.0200 ecarpto, Eleti. ps Lad. 1 43-55 Se. 28-30 ==, of head, interorbital width 24-22 times ; dorsal with 6-7 branched rays . . . . 126. B. pereivali, Blgr., p. 135. Se. 29-31 an 24-3 ; eye 3-31 times in length of head, interorbital width 24-22 times ; dorsal ie 7-8 branched rays . . . . 127. B. 2anzibaricus, Peters, p. 136. Se. 29-33 2 5? 23-3 ; eye 34-4 times in length of head, interorbital width 3-31 times ; dorsal with 8 branched rays . . . . « 128. B. argentens, Gthr., p. 136. 3-34 ; eye 34-4 times in length *** Posterior barbel 2~3 diameter of eye. Se. 28-30 * a ', 24; eye 34-34 times in length of head, interorbital width 23-3 times ; dorsal with 7-8 branched rays . . . . 129. B. wellmani, Blgr., p, 137. 16 CYPRINID 2. 22-27 scales in lateral line ; dorsal usually with 8 branched rays. * Posterior barbel 14 to 13 diameters of eye; caudal peduncle 14-1} times as long as deep. Se. 25-27 ree 24-3 ; depth of body 3-35 times in total length ; eye 8-34 times in length Orlenel6 96 s 6 6 oa wo 6 0 UR, UES Heelan, Stele jo. tee Se, 22-26 = 2-3 ; depth of body 23-35 times in total iength ; eye 3 (young) —-4 times in ie OL head a i eeas ete See I SlewBoiiolocena, lors. 139. Se 23 3 2; depth of body 34 times in total length ; eye 3 times in length of head. . 132. B. miolepis, Blgr., p. 141. ** Posterior barbel 14-2 diameters of eye ; caudal peduncle not or but slightly lenger than deep. 42 re . . 23-26 a 24-3; depth of body 23-23 times in total length ; eye 3-3) times in haninore INE Wi Sear oe Gy 6 BR, veh aroraldy Mhoviniing, pgs, ef o C. Last simple ray of dorsal enlarged, bony, more or less distinctly serrated behind + ; a single barbel on each side. Lateral line present. Se. 40! 6 4; dorsal with 8 branched rays, its spine strongly serrated. . . . . . . 134. B. litamba, Keilh., p. 143. Sc. 33-36 = 3-4; dorsal with 7 branched rays, its spine feebly serrated in its upper PAULO, he) Wel ee ue eee ey ie le os Loon atnevelvani Guitempenlenoe 2. No lateral line. [p. 144. dorsal with 7 branched rays . . . 136. B. apleurogramma, Bler., mm @5 28) 2 D. Last simple ray ef dorsal not enlarged, or but feebly enlarged, not serrated {. 1. Two barbels on each side. a. Dorsal with 7 branched rays ; 27-38 scales in lateral line } caudal peduncle 1% to 2 times as long as deep. a, 3-44 scales between lateral line and ventral ; lateral line complete, * Base of ventral below anterior rays of dorsal. 62 7 Se. 35-36 a 4, 16 ; posterior barbel 2 diameter [p. 145. of eye; pectoral not reaching ae . . 137. B. anphigramma, Bilegr., PN bebe ; Sc, 34-38 “22, 4, 12; posterior barbel 1-14 diameters of eye ; pectoral not reaching ventral . SANSA esis QUIS Wet hamcialia, Naish ip AN, + The serration sometimes very indistinct in B. trevelyant, no, 136. = See also B. holotenia, above, no. 131. BARBUS. V7 Se. 32-33 ae 4-41; posterior barbel a little ee vine eye; pectoral reaching ventral. 139. B. motebensis, Stdr., p. 147. Se. 30- 32 = pds WE 8 8 ol ea tle ye = cy ne dl, Seeuboapepin, Leilheaies. joy alee ** Base of ventral anterior to dorsal. Se. 30-36 = Badd a ie ee ws 141. Bi vulneratus, Casteln., p. 148. Se. 30 a Oe ee eee, eee Seersambances lion: 5 49. . 24-3 seales between lateral line and ventral; lateral Jine incom- 2 @ plete, on 8-15 scales only. [p. 150. Se. 27-29 ; i JO eee a eee AS bm vhemupleunogrammar: lor. 13-24 scales between lateral line and ventral ; lateral line complete. Se. 31-35 3 314)? 14-24 ; posterior barbel 1-14 diameters of eve . . . . . . . . . 144. B. gurneyi, Gthr., p. 150. Se. 28 a 2; posterior barbel 4 of eye . . . 145. B. banguelensis, Blgr., p. 151. b. Dorsal with 8 (rarely 7 or 9) branched rays ; 21-33 scales in lateral line, 2-3 between lateral line and ventral. z. Base of ventral below middle of dorsal. 24-3, 12; posterior barbel 4-2 deen of eye ; snout pr ojecting very Te beyond mouth . . . . . 146. B. inermis, Peters, p. 152. Se. 27-30 _ 3,125 posterior barbel about $ diameter of eye ; snout projecting strongly [p. 153. beyondgmouth 5) 9s) 4) - a s - - 140. 2. Guadiipuncatus, Pett, Se. 25-29 — 2}, 12; posterior barbel as long as eye ; snout projecting very slightly ere PROT — —% 45, 9) 6 oto eas ca dulltlendés penmaogogis, Jeverjos Jet. Se. 25-26 » a, 2, 103 posterior barbel as long as ae ; snout projecting strongly beyond mom s o o 9G a o clo lous aondlO eer Jpumcnalias, har jas ley. B. Base of ventral below anterior rays of dorsal ; posterior barbel at least 2 diameter of eye. * Pectoral reaching or nearly reaching ventral ; posterior barbel 2—] diameter of eye. Se. 26-27 * = 2; depth of body equal to length of head, 32 times in total length ; pos- terior barbel a little shorter than eye . . 150. B. radiatus, Peters, p, 155. Se. 22-25 22, 2-21, 12; depth of body greater than length of head, 22-3 times in total length ; posterior barbel as long as or a little shorter thaneye . . . . . . . 151. B. ablabes, Blky., p. 156. VOL. If. C 18 CYPRINIDA, TR e@. 23-25 3 2, 10-12; depth of body equal or nearly equal to length of head, 33-4 times in total length; posterior barbel shorter than eye. . . .-.. . . - . 152. B. desertz, Pellegr., p, 157- ** Pectoral not reaching ventral. ¢ 25-33 seales in Isteral line ; caudal pedunele twice, or nearly twice, as long as deep. Se. 30-33 foes, 24-3, 12 ; posterior barbel 1-H} Hae of eye; depth of body 3-32 times ip totallength . . . «=. . . 153. B. uniteniatus, Gtbr., p. 158. Se. 30-22 3 - 23-3, 12; posterior barbel 13-2 fp. 159. diameters ofeye . . . - . « . . . Ld4. B. lineomaculatus, Bler., Se. 29-33 zi, 24, 12; posterior barbel 1-1} diameters of eye; depth of body 4-41 timesin totallength. . . . . . © . 155. B. innocens, Pfeff., p. 160. Se. 29-31 Fz, 2, 12-14; posterior barbel 2-2 diameter of CV. 9. ps mee @ © « 106. Bo henules, Blo, p. 160: Se. 25 = 2,123 posterior barbel 1} diameters of eye Sheth elloheean, es , lor. B- josciolatus. Gthre pales TT 21-30 Ree in lateral line ; posterior barbel 14-2 diameters of eye ; caudal peduncle usually not twice as long as deep ; mouth inferior. Sc. 28-30 z 21-3, 12; last simple ray of dorsal not thicker than first branched ray; posterior barbel not twice as long eye. . 158. . chlorotenia, Bler., p. 162. Se. 25-28 = 21-3, 10-12; last simple ray of dersal not thicker than first branched ray 3 poston ee barbel twice as long aseye. 159. B. trispilus, Blkr., p. 163. Sc. 21-29 2 ip thicker than first semana ray . . - . 160. B. walkeri, Blor., p. 164. 24_3, 12 ; last simple ray of dorsal _41 4 Se. 24-27 aS 21-3, 12; last simple ray of dorsal thicker then first branched ray . . 161. B. taniurus, Blov., p. 165. Fit 21-26 scales in lateral bine ; posterior barbel 3-14 diameters of eye ; caudal peduncle net twice as long as deep. Neal) 21-3, 12; posterior barbel [p. 166. 1-14 diameters of eye ; mouth inferior - 162. B. camptacanthus, Blkr., Se. 23-26 53, 2-24, 10-12; posterior barbel 2% diameter of eye ; mouth terminal. . 163. ZL. callipterus, Bler., p. 167- 4 42 . Sc. 24-26 s7*5, 2, 12; posterior barbel 1-1} diameters of eye ; mouth terminal . . . 164. B. werneri, Bler., p. 168. Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. Se. S236). “a oe 34-44, 12-14; mouth terminal BARBUS. 19 tttt 26-32 scales in lateral line; posterior barbel 3-14 diameters of eye ; caudal peduncle not twice as long as deep; mouth terminal or subinferior. 31-33 i 2; posterior barbel a little longer than eye ; depth of body 33-44 times in total jeneth ew ah eure. Ode nancslong@ Neill. ap. 69s 29-31 o 3, 12; posterior barbel 14-14 diameters of eye; depth of body 3-3} times in totallength . . . . . . . 166. B.viviparus, M. Web., p. 170. 4252 . 28-32 ie =. 2-3, 12-14 ; posterior barbel g-1} diameters of eye; depth of body 23-34 times in total length . . . . . 167. B. perince, Riipp., p. 170. 27-28 %, 2, 12; posterior barbel 1! dia- meters of eye ; depth of body 34 times in [p- 172. total length co 6 Oy pe oe Big OS, Jet, tausnilealicome, 13 ler. . 26-30 ae , 2-24, 12; posterior barbel 3-1 diameter of eye; depth of body 3-33 times Injtotal length.) interorbital width 24 times in length of head; mouth small, terminal ; lips feebly developed ; two barbels on each side, anterior 2 diameter of eye, posterior a little longer than eye. Dorsal III 7-8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not, reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 27—28 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above, silvery on the sides and below; three round black spots on each side, first and second above lateral line, third on lateral line at base of caudal; fins greyish. Total length 45 millim. Lake Tsana, Abyssinia. Bahardar. 1-3. Types. Mr. E. Degen (C.). BARBUS. 173 169. BARBUS NEGLECTUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 532, and Fish. Nile, p. 251, pl. xlvii. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body 3 to 3% times in total length, length of head 4 to 4% times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 24 to 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth small, terminal or subinferior ; lips feebly developed ; two barbels on each side, anterior half diameter of eye, posterior as long as eye or a little shorter. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below or a little behind origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle | to 13 times as Barbus neglectus. Type (F. N.). long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 26-30 ae ~24 between lateral line and ventral fin, 12 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish, with a broad silvery lateral band, fins white and transparent ; some of the smaller specimens with a dark dot at the base of the caudal fin and another at the base of the anal. Total length 54 millim, Lower Nile to Blue Nile. 1. Type. Ghet-el-Nassara, I. Menzaleh. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 2-3. Types. Damietta Nile near Barrage. 5 4-23. Types. Near Luxor. i 24-25. Types. Between Luxor and Assuan. os 26-27. Ad. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Capt. 8. Flower (P.). 28-31. Ad. Rosaires, Blue Nile. 2) 174 CYPRINID®. 170. BARBUS DOGGETTI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiii. 1904, p. 450, and Fish. Nile, p. 255, pl. xlvi. fig. 3 (1907). Depth of body equal to length of head, 32 times in total length. Snout rounded, 33 times in length of head, eye 33% times, interorbital width 3 times; mouth terminal; lips feebly developed; two barbels on each side, minute. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border scarcely emarginate; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Barbus doggetti. Type (F.N.). 2. Pectoral 2 length of head, not quite reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 29 ae 2 between lateral line and ventral fin, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above, silvery on the sides and below; a plumbeous lateral streak ; fins whitish. Total length 96 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. L. Victoria. Mr. W. G. Doggett (C.) ; Col. Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 171. BARBUS CONGICUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 100, pl. xl. fig. 3 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 226 (1901). Depth of body 2% to 3 times in total length, length of head 34 to 32 times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 24 to 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth small, subinferior ; BARBUS. 17d lips feebly developed ; two barbels on each side, posterior a little longer than anterior and } to 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from centre of eye and from caudal, border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter Fig. 152. Barbus congicus. Type (A. M, C.). below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle about 1} times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 23-25 an 2 between lateral line and ventral, 8 round caudal peduncle. Olive-grey above, green on the sides, white beneath ; pectorals white, other fins red. Total length 75 millim. Lower Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Two of the types. Matadi. M. P. Delhez (C.). 172. BARBUS PLEUROPHOLIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 100, pl. xl. fig. 4 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 227 (1901). Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 times in total length. Barbus pleuropholis. Type (A. M. C.). Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 22 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth small, subinferior; lips feebly 176 CYPRINIDA. developed ; two barbels on each side, posterior the longer, } diameter of eye. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from eye and from eaudal, border feebly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little longer than head. Anal III 5, not reaching eaudal. Pectoral $ length of head, nearly reaching ventral; base of latter below antes rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, those of the lateral line series much deeper than the others, 22-23 a, 2 between lateral line and ventral, 8 round caudal peduncle. Pale brown above, white beneath, the scales edged with crimson. Total length 40 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Coquilhatville. M. P. Delhez (C.). 173. BARBUS ASPER, sp. n. Depth of body 33 to 4} times in total length, length of head 4 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 34 times in length of head; eye 4 to 4} times in length of head, interorbital width 3 times; mouth inferior; lips moderate; a single barbel on each side, as long as or slightly longer Barbus asper. Male, type. than eye; upper surface of head of breeding male with spine-like tubercles, those on snout very large. Dorsal III 7, equally distant from occiput and from caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, # to # length of head. Anal III 4, not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, nearly reaching ventral in males, not in females; base of ventral below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle Be to 1# times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 37-42 am 5-6 between lateral line and ventral, 18-20 round caudal BARBUS. 177 peduncle; dorsal scales rough with minute spinose nuptial tubercles. Brown above, whitish beneath, the scales on the sides darker in the centre ; an ill-defined dark lateral band. Total length 110 millim. Cape Colony. 1. Ad. Groote R., Sleytlerville. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 2-5, Ad. & yg. Le Roux R., Ondtsloon. % 174. BARBUS ANOPLUS. M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 151. Depth of body 32 to 4 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 3} times in length of head; eye 3 (young) to 43 times in length of head, interorbital width 3 times; mouth terminal Barbus anoplus. Port Elizabeth. or subinferior ; lips moderate ; a single barbel on each side, 4 (young) to 1 diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7 (rarely 6), equally distant from occiput and from caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter entirely or partly in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 32-36 =e 2, 3141 between lateral line and ventral, 12-14 round caudal peduncle. Brown above, whitish beneath, the scales often darker in the centre ; a blackish lateral streak from above origin of lateral line to root of caudal. Total length 80 millim. Eastern parts of Cape Colony, Natal, Orange River Colony, Trans- vaa].—Types in Amsterdam University Museum. VOL. Il. N 178 CYPRINIDA. 1-10. Hgr. & — Grobelaars R. near Ondtsloon. Dr. J. D, F. Gilchrist (P.). yg 11-17. Ad. Baakens R., Port Elizabeth. O. West, Esq. (P.). 18. Ad. Port Hlizabeth. F. W. FitzSimons, Esq. (WEB) 19-20. Her. és Mr. J. L. Drege (P.). 21-22. Ad. Near Cathcart. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 23-25. Ad. Buffalo R. near King William’s | Major H. Trevelyan (P.). Town. 26-29. Ye. Vredefort, Orange R. Colony. Capt. Barrett - Hamilton 2): . 30-32. Ad. & L. Chrissie, 150 m. E. of P. A. Methuen, Esq. (P.). her. Pretoria. 33-34. Her. Klein Olifant R., Transvaal. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 35-39. Her. Groot Olifant R.at Kalkfontein, 8. Pershouse, Esq. (P.). Transvaal. 175. BARBUS AFER. Barbus (Capoéta) afer, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 395. Barbus afer, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 148 (1868). Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length. Snout rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 times in length of head; Fig. 156. Barbus afer. Cape Town. mouth small, inferior ; lips moderate ; a single barbel on each side, 3 to ? diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7, equally distant from eye and from caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, sometimes reaching ventral; base of latter originating slightly in. advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 28-31 Fe) 3 between lateral line and BARBUS. 179 ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brown above, whitish beneath, with a rather indistinct dark lateral band on the posterior half of the body, more distinct on the caudal peduncle; fins whitish. Total length 70 millim. Cape Colony.—Type in Berlin Museum. 1. Ad. Near Cape Town. ‘ Challenger’? Expedition. 176. BARBUS MAGDALEN &. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 437, and Fish. Nile, p. 256, pl. xlvi. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body 34 to 3? times in total length, length of head 43 to 5 times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 22 to 3 times in length of head; interorbital width 2} times in length of head; mouth Fig. 157. Barbus magdalene. Type (F. N.). small, terminal; lips very thin; no anterior barbel; posterior barbel very minute or absent. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 29-32 2, 1-13 between lateral line and ventral, 10 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, yellowish olive on the back, with a more or less distinct darker lateral stripe; fins yellow. Total length 71 millim. Lake Victoria. 1-8. Types. Bunjako. Mr. E, Degen (C,). 9, Skel. 5 » » n2 180 CYPRINIDA. 177. BARBUS ROGERSI, sp. n. Deyn of body equal to length of head, 3} times in total length. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 22 times in length of head ; interorbital width 3 times in length of head ; mouth very small, inferior ; Fig. 158. Barbus rogersi. Type, Que R. x 13. lips moderate; barbels absent or a single minute one on each side. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long asdeep. Scales radiately striated, 27-28 ap 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, back olive; a blackish streak from the end of the snout, through the eye, and along the lateral line to the root of the caudal; dorsal edged with blackish. Total length 55 millim. Que River, Angola ; Upper Zambesi. 1. Type. Que R. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 2. Type. Umsitu R., Broken Hill, Rey. F. A. Rogers and ‘I N.W. Rhodesia. E. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.). 178. BARBUS BRAZZA. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901, p. 330 (1902), and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 29, pl. i. fig. 2. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 32 times. Snout as long as eye, which is 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth subinferior; lips moderate; no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from BARBUS. 181 caudal, border scarcely concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, about as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral # length of head, reaching ventral ; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} to 13 timesas long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 26-28 = 2-24 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Olive-grey above, silvery below. Total length 110 millim. Upper Congo (Sanga River) and Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum. 179. BARBUS ASPILUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 337. Depth of body 24 to 2% times in total length, length of head 3% to 4 times. Snout rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 35 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth Fig. 159. Barbus aspilus. Type. small, subinferior ; lips moderate; no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from eye and from caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, 182 CYPRINIDA, reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly as deep as long. Scales radiately striated, 24~27 oe 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish brown above, the scales dark brown at the base, silvery below. Total length 130 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Ja R. at Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 2-4, Ad. me sf os 5, Skel. 1 ry 22 6. Ad. . fayong. ¥ 180. BARBUS ANEMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 533, and Fish. Nile, p. 257, pl. xlvii. fig. 7 (1907). Depth of body 23 to 3} times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 2} to 3 times in length of head and nearly equals interorbital width; mouth small, Fig. 160, Barbus anema,. Type (F. N.). terminal; lips feebly developed; no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from eye and from caudal, border scarcely concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, nearly as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral # or # length of head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle not or but slightly longer than deep. Scales radiately striated, 22-25 a 2-25 between lateral line and ventral, 8-10 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, yellowish above, the dorsal scales sometimes edged with blackish ; sometimes a blackish lateral streak, passing through the eye. Total length 57 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel. BARBUS. 183 1-2. Types. Between Luxor and Assuan. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 3-8. Types. Fashoda, White Nile. fy 9-14, 15-17, 18-20. Types. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. 181. BARBUS TRISPILOMIMUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 337; Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (10) i. 1909, p. 47. Depth of body 3} times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 23 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth small, inferior, with thin lips; Barbus trispilominus. Type. x 1. no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from centre of eye and from caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral shorter than head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 23 3 25 between lateral line and ventral, 8 round caudal peduncle. Pale brownish above, silvery below; three large round black spots on each side of the body, on the lateral line, the first in front of the vertical of the dorsal, the second behind the vertical of the dorsal, the third in front of the caudal; two small black spots at the base of the dorsal. Total length 35 millim. Ogowe. 1. Type. ? 182. BARBUS SALESSIL. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1908, p. 207, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) x. 1908, p. 130, fig. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 35 times. a 184 CYPRINIDA. Snout rounded, as long as eye, which is about 3} times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth small, terminal ; lips feebly developed; no barbels. Dorsal III 7, equally distant from centre of eye and from caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} to 13 times as long as deep. Scales 5i radiately striated, 22-24 3:, 1} between Jateral line series and ventral, 10 round caudal peduncle; lateral line extending on 5 to 8 anterior scales only. Yellowish, with a greyish lateral band ; a round black spot at root of caudal. Total length 44 millim. French Guinea.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. One of the types. Rotuma near Konakry. Dr. Wurtz (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 183. BARBUS JA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 437. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3} to 34 times in total length. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is barely 3 times in length of head ; mouth small, nearly terminal, with feebly developed lips; no Barbus je. Type. x 12. barbels. Dorsal Il 7, equally distant from anterior border of eye and from caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral shorter than head, not reaching ventral; latter a little behind vertical of origin of dorsal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 14 to nearly twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 20-25 a 2 between lateral line series and ventral, 8 round caudal peduncle. Lateral line absent or reduced to two or three tubules. Yellowish, the scales edged with dark BARBUS. 185 brown ; a large round black spot on each side behind the gill-opening, another at the root of the caudal, and 3 to 8 dark vertical bars between them ; a small blackish spot at the origin of the dorsal fin. Total length 38 millim. South Cameroon. 1-3. Types. Ja R. at Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 4-13. Ad. & hgr. a 53 14-16. Ad. Bumba R. at Assobam. 5 17-19. Ad. Kribi R. near Efulen. uf 20-25. Ad. Zima Country. sf 26-30. Ad. Nyong R. 7 184. BARBUS STIGMATOPYGUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 533, and Fish. Nile, p. 258, pl. xviii. fig. 8 (1907). Depth of body equal or nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 3} times in total length. Snout rounded, much shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head and a little less than interorbital width ; mouth small, terminal; lips feebly developed; no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally _ distant from eye and from caudal, border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long or nearly as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales radiately . Barbus stigmatopygus. Type (F. N.). striated, 22-25 a, 1} between lateral line series and ventral, 9-11 round caudal peduncle ; lateral line reduced to 3-6 tubules. Yellowish with silvery sheen; a small round black spot at the base of the caudal and another at the base of the anal ; one or two black spots often present on the middle line of the side. Total length 24 millim. White Nile. 1-7. Types. Lake No. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 186 CYPRINIDZ. 185. BARBUS PUMILUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 444, and Fish. Nile, p. 259, pl. xlviii. fig. 2 (1907). Depth of body equal or nearly equal to length of head, about 3 times in total length. Snout rounded, a little shorter than eye, which is 3 timesin length of head and a little less than interorbital width ; mouth small, terminal; lips feebly developed; no barbels. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from eye and from caudal, border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter than head. Fig. 164. Barbus pumilus, Type (F..N.).. x 2. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral shorter than head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1} times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 19-21 * 14 between lateral line series, which is formed of very deep scales, and ventral, 9 round caudal peduncle ; lateral line reduced to 3 or 4 tubules. Yellowish above, scales edged with black, white beneath ; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; a blackish vertical streak at the root of the anal; dorsal and anal with a red bar and one or two black ones. Total length 26 millim. White Nile. 1-10. Types. Lake No. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5. RASBORA. Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xx. 1860, p. 435, and Atlas Ichthyol. iii. p. 118 (1863) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 193 (1868). Body more or less compressed, with rounded belly, covered with large or moderate scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. RASBORA. 187 Mouth moderate, oblique, without lips or barbels, lower jaw projecting. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 rays, 7 of which are branched, originating behind the vertical of the ventrals, but not extending to above the anal. Anal fin with 7 rays. A scaly process at the base of the ventrals. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in three series. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia; one species in Africa. 1. RASBORA ZANZIBARENSIS. Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 119, pl. xvii. fig. 4 (1866) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 197 (1868). Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 32 times. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile nearly straight; snout Fig. 165, a WA Rasbora zanzibarensis. Type, after Playfair & Giinther (J. c.). rounded, as long as eye, which is 4 times in length of head; inter- orbital width 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; chin feebly prominent; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals narrow. Gill-rakers nearly as long as gill-lamellz, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 7, originating midway between occiput and caudal, longest ray % length of head. Anal II 5, longest ray 2 length of head. Pectoral pointed, a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales with numerous radiating striew, 33 af 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Uniform silvery. Total length 65 millim. Rovuma River, Kast Africa. 1. Type. Rovuma R. Sir L. Playfair (C.). 188 CYPRINIDA. 6. LEUCISCUS. Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 194 (1817); Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 207 (1868). Phowxinellus, Heckel, Russegger’s Reise, ii. p. 1039 (1843) *. Body more or less elongate, more or less compressed, with rounded or obtusely keeled belly; scales large or small. Lateral line low down on the body, median on at least the posterior part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth moderate or rather large, without lips or barbels. Suborbitals small, cheek naked. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 to 14 rays, 6 to 11 of which are branched, originating above the ventrals or a little further back. Anal fin with 8 to 15 rays. Pharyngeal teeth conical, more or less hooked, in one or two series (in a single series, 5—9, in the African species). Europe, Northern and Temperate Asia, North-West Africa, and North America. Two closely allied species in Algeria and Tunisia: — Anal III 9-10; Lat. 1.43-48. 2. . . . . . 1. ZL. eallensis, Guich., p. 188. Anal III 7-8; Lat.1.37-43 . . . . . . . 2. ZL. chaignoni, Vaill., p. 189. 1. LEUCISCUS CALLENSIS. Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alg., Poiss. p. 94, pl. vii. fig. 2 (1850) ; Playf. & Letourn. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) viii. 1871, p. 391. Leuciscus (Phoxinellus) chaignoni, part., Chaignon, Bull. Soc. H. N. Autun, xvii. 1904, pl. vi. figs. 5-6; Pellegr. in Gadeau de Kerv. Voy. Zool. Khroumir. p- 93 (1908). Alburnus callensis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 46. Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3% to 4 times. Snout rounded, as long as or shorter than eye, which is 3 to 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth oblique, jaws equal in front. Gill-rakers few and short. Belly rounded. Dorsal III 7, originating above the middle of the space between ventrals and anal, and at equal distance from occiput or eye and from caudal, border convex ; longest ray a little shorter than head. Anal III 9-10, border slightly concave. Pectoral not quite reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. Scales with on 3 93-102 } numerous radiating striz, 43-48 ~~, 23-3 between lateral line and * The other very numerous generic names which should be included under Lewciscus may well be left out here, as having no bearing on African Ichthyology. LEUCISOUS. 189 ventral. Brownish or olive above, more or less profusely speckled with black ; a more or less distinct dark lateral band, above the lateral line. Fig. 166. Leuciscus callensis. Type. Total length 75 millim. Northern Algeria and North-Western Tunisia.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. One of the La Calle, Algeria. M. Guichenot (C.) ; types. Paris Museum (E.). 2-5. Ad. Algeria. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 6-8. Ad. & her. Wed Abdallah, N.W. Tunisia. | Vicomte H. de Chaignon (C.) ; Paris Museum (H.). 9-10. Ad. & Wed Amor, N.W. Tunisia. M. H. Gadeau de Kerville her. (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 2. LEUCISCUS CHAIGNONI. Leuciseus (Phoxinellus) chaignoni, Vaill. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1904, p. 188, and Bull. Soc. H. N. Autun, xvii. 1904, p. 158, pl. vi. figs. 1-4. Leuciscus chaignont. Type. Very closely allied to, and barely separable from, the preceding. Differs by fewer anal rays (III 7-8) and rather larger scales (37-43 By 2-3). Total length 65 millim. 190 CYPRINID 2. Eastern Algeria and North-Western Tunisia. — Types in Paris Museum. 1-3. Types. Wed Bezirk, N.W. Tunisia. Vicomte H. de Chaignon (C.); Paris Museum (E.). 4-6. Ad. & her. Wed el Mahdi, N.W. Tunisia. x de Zkak Ain Oumash, near Biskra. Lord Walsingham (P.). 7. LEPTOCYPRIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 133 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p-. 230 (1901). Body elongate, feebly compressed, with rounded belly, covered with rather large scales. Lateral line low down on the body, ending in the middle of the caudal peduncle. Mouth rather large, oblique, without lips or barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 10 rays, 8 of which are branched, originating above the ventrals, Anal fin with 10 or 11 rays. A scaly process at the base of the ventrals. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in two series (5. 3—3. 5). Congo. A single species. 1. LEPTOCYPRIS MODESTUS. Bouleng. ll. ce. p. xlix, fig. 3, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p, 21 (1902). Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 43 to 4% times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, projecting a Fig. 168. “3 Leptocypris modestus. Type (A. M. C.). little beyond mouth, as long as eye, which is 33 to 33 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to 3} times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye. Gill-rakers rudimentary. LEPTOCYPRIS.—BARILIUS. 191 Dorsal II 8, equally distant from occiput and from caudal, border concave, longest ray 7 length of head. Anal II 8-9. Pectoral pointed, 2 length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked, Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating strive, 40 ae 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, brownish on the back. Total length 85 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Between New Antwerp and Major Weyns (C.). Stanley Falls. Hs ING Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 8. BARILIUS. Ham. Buchan. Fish. Ganges, p. 384 (1822), part.; Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 286 (1868) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 231 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 261 (1907). Opsaridium, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1853, p. 783, aud Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 58 (1868). Pelotrophus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Fish. t. c. p, 320. Body more or less compressed, with rounded belly, covered with small or moderately large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth large, oblique, without lips, with or without barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the whole or the greater part of the cheek. Gill-membranes narrowly united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 to 13 rays, 7 to 10 of which are branched, originating behind the vertical of the ventrals and before that of the anal. Anal fin with 10 to 22 rays. A scaly process at the base of the ventrals. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, m two or three series. South-Kastern Asia and China, Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal entirely in advance of anal. D. I 7-8 ; A. IIT 10-12; Se. 36-40 3-0), 2-21; head 2-23} times as long as broad ; depth of body 33-5 times in total length ; origin of dorsal midway between nostril or eye and caudal . . 1. B. niloticus, Joann., p. 193. 192 CYPRINIDA. D.TIT8; A. T1110; Se. 39 $42; head 23 times as long as broad ; depth of body 5 times in total length ; origin of dorsal midway between idle and Gandell ee Smet. 0 . 2. B. weeksii, Blgr., p. 195. D. 119; A. UIL12; Se. 45 1578 cre ead 31 times as long as broad; depth of body 6 times in total length; origin of dorsal midway between centre of eye and caudalin 9) j.) 3) (8a) is eS. Pealonotostits slo sp Haloos II. Last ray of dorsal corresponding to origin of anal. D. 1118; A. TIT 18; Se. 40-4154, 1 depth of body 44-42 times eS su length ; origin of dorsal midway be- tween occiput and caudal . . . . . 4. B. luje, Blgr., p. 196. D. TIT 8-9; A III 11-13 ; Sc. 38-41 F, 2; depth of body 33-4} times in total length ; origin ot dorsal midway be- tween eye andcaudal . . . . . . 5. B. steindachneri, Pellegr., p. 197. III. At least 4 of base of dorsal above anal. A. 39-45 scales in lateral line. D. II-1II 9-10; A. III 10-11; Se. 41- 43 a 2; depth of body ia times in totallength . .. . . . . . 6. B. zambesensis, Peters, p. 198. D.W18; A. IIL 14-15; Se. 44-45 2 ay Ll; depth of body 5 times in total leng oth . 7. B. weynsii, Blgr., p. 198. D. I1 9-10; A. III 11-13; Se. 42-45% ret 3; depth of body 32~4} times in total lenothits. Of) 10 18) SiG. De eLetNSaeBymeavi, Bloggy: 199. D. Il- mu 8-9; A. HI 12-14; Se. 39- 44 ; ae 2; depth of body 3-32 times in totallength. . . . - . . . 9. B. ubangensis, Pellegr., p. 200. lee Se B. 46-63 scales in lateral line. 1. Dorsal with 7 or 8 (rarely 9) branched rays. III 14; Se. 46 3p 2 2... . . . . 10. B. buchholzi, Peters, p. 201. . II] 14-17; Se. 49-51 soe 2-24. . . 11. B. kingsleye, Bler., p. 202. . III 12-15; Se. 50-58 * fo 23. . . 12. B. loati, Blgr., p. 203. . IIT 15 ; Se. 59-63 for iy 24 . . . . 13. B. senegalensis, Stdr., p. 204. > > b> b> BARILIUS. 193 2. Dorsal with 9-10 branched rays. A. If 15-17; Se. 47-52 = ,2. . . . IA. B. mierocephalus, Gthr., p. 205. A. TIE 13-14; Sc. 55-60" ae ,3 . . . 15. B. moorii, Blgr., p. 206. ©. 80-88 scales in poe Line IDS JUUE 3WG) ANG ION 1 BY Ske, 82 | ae -,4. . . 16. B. tanganice, Blegr., p. 207. D. Ill 9-10; A. IID 16- 17 ; Se. 80- 88 ae Dc 9 0 vo em os oe Ae de mmaralgoun, Creams os AO. 1. BARILIUS NILOTICUS. Leuciscus niloticus, Joannis, Mag. Zool. 1835, iv. pl. iti. ; Cav. & Val. Hist. Poiss xvii. p. 311 (1844). Lewiscus thebensis, Joannis, t. ¢. pl. xi. Alburnus niloticus, Heck. Russegger’s Reise Hgypt. iii. p. 328 (1846). Opsarius thebensis, Heck. t. c. p. 329, pl. i. Barilius niloticus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 293 (1868), and Petherick’s Trav. ii p- 263 (1869) ; Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 461; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 102 (1899), and Fish, Nile, p. 262, pl. xlviii. fig. 3 (1907). Bavilius thebensis, Giinth. Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 263. Alburnus alewandrinus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cii. i. 1893, p. 240, pl. iii. fig. 3. Fie. 169. \ ) y ALY A a VY my 9 WA Coy He JOO yor eae aes Barilius niloticus. Lower Nile (I. N.). Depth of body 34 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 42 times. Head 2 to 2} times as long as broad; snout rather pointed, not or but slightly projecting beyond mouth, not longer than eye, which is contained 33 to 4 times in length of head; interorbital width equal to diameter of eye or a little greater ; mouth extending to below anterior border of pupil or centre of eye; no barbels; suborbital bones nearly VOL, II. ca) 194 CYPRINIDA. entirely covering the cheek in the adult, the second narrow and rot extending posteriorly beyond centre of eye. Gill-rakers few and short. Dorsal III 7-8, above space between yentrals and anal, originating midway between nostrils or eye and root of caudal; first branched ray longest, § to # length of head. Anal IL] 10-12, first branched ray longest, $ to 2 length of head. Pectoral acutely pointed, as long as or a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral ; latter much shorter, not reaching vent. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1% times as long as deep. Scales with radiating strie, 36-40 sot 2-23 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Uniform silvery, darker on the back ; fins whitish. ‘Total length 95 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel and Blue Nile; Omo; Niger. 1-2. Ad. Damieita Nile, near Samannud. L. Leat, Esq. (C.). 3-5. Ad. Be >» Barrage. 6. Ad. Rosetta Nile, near Barrage. 6 7-11. Ad. Ghiza, near Cairo. Japt. S. Flower (P.}. 12-14. Ad. & Beni Souef, Lower Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). her. 45-18, Ad. & Canal near Luxor. - her. 19-33. Ad.,her., Regulator near Luxor. «& yg- 34-83. Ad. hor., Between Luxor and Assuan. & yg. 84-86, 87-117. Assuan. . Ad. 118. Skel. rs a 119-183. Her. & Wady Halfa. ye- 134-142. Hor. & Omdurman. Pr ys: 143-146. Ad. & Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Capt. S. Flower (P.). y8- 147-156. Her. Rosaires, Blue Nile. Pn 157. Hgr. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 158-159. Her. Omo R., between Malo and Prof. O. Neumann (C.). Kosha. 160-161. Ad. Jebba, Upper Niger. Dr. C. Christy (P.). 162-163. Ad. & Ossomari, Lower Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). hor. BARILIUS. 195 2. BARILIUS WEEKSII. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899), & p. 134, pl. xlviii. fig. 4 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 232 (1901). Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 44 times. Head 24 times as long as broad; snout pointed, projecting slightly - beyond lower jaw, as long as eye or interorbital width, 33 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; no barbels; suborbital bones nearly entirely covering the cheek. Gill- rakers short and few. Dorsal I1I 8, above space between ventrals and anal, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal; anterior rays longest, length of head. Anal III 10, falciform, anterior rays longest. Pectoral pointed, shorter than head, widely separated from Barilius weeksii. Type (A. M. C.). ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating strie, 39 - 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back. Total length 70 millim. Upper Congo. 1. Type. Monsembe. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 3. BARILIUS LONGIROSTRIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 33, pl. ix. fig. 4 (1902). Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 5} times. Head with straight upper profile, 3; times as long as broad, twice as long as deep; snout acutely pointed, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, more than length of head; eye 5 times in jength of head, equal to interorbital width ; mouth extending to below posterior third of eye : no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and second suborbital nearly $ width of latter. Gill-rakers rudimentary. Dorsal III 9, above space between ventrals and anal, originating midway between centre of 02 196 CYPRINIDA, eye and root of caudal; anterior rays longest, about $ length of head. Anal Til 12, falciform, anterior rays much longer than posterior. Pectoral acutely pointed, $ tength of head, widely separated from ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal pedunele twice as long as deep. Seales 45 i 2 between lateral line and ventral. Grey above, silvery white beneath ; fins whitish, anterior rays of dorsal tipped with blackish. — Fig. 171. Barilius lonyirostris. Type (A. M. C.). Total length {20 millim. Ubanghi, Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 4. BARILLUS LUd As. Bouleng. Catal. Poiss. Congo Mus. Luxemb. p. 9 (1909). Depth of body 4% to 4% times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a Barilius luje. Type. little longer than eye, which is 4 times in length of head ; interorbital width 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre or posterior third of eye; no barbels; naked space between preeoperculum BARILIUS. % 197 and suborbitals equal to width of second suborbital, the posterior border of which is below posterior third of eye. Gill-rakers few and short. Dorsal III 8, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, its last ray above origin of anal; anterior rays longest, 3 length of head. Anal III 13, anterior rays longest, as long as dorsals. Pectoral pointed, as long as or a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales with radiating striae, 40-41 a 14 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above, whitish beneath; a series of 7 to 13 round blackish spots along each side of back. Total length 125 millim. Lower Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1-2. Types. Sankuan R. (Kasai) at Kondue. M. Luja (C.) ; Luxemburg Museum (P.). 5. BARILIUS STEINDACHNERI, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1908, p. 208, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) x. 1908, p- 131, fig. Depth of body equal to length of head, 33 to 44 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as eye or interorbital width, 35 to 3 times in length of head ; mouth extending to below postericr third of eye; no barbels ; suborbital bones nearly entirely covering the cheek, the second narrow and extending to below posterior border of eye. Gill-rakers few and short. Dorsal III 8-9, originating at equal distance from eye and from root of caudal, last ray above origin of anal; first branched ray longest, 2 length of head. Anal IIT 11-13, first branched ray nearly as long as longest ray of dorsal. Pectoral pointed, ? to # length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating striz, 38-41 @ 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, brownish on the back ; 10 to 12 vertical bluish-grey bars on each side; fins orange. Total length 90 millim. French Guinea.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. One of the types. Mamu Lake (Caba R.), near Dr. Wurtz (C.) ; Timbo, 1400 ft. Paris Museum (E.). 198 CYPRINID-E. 6. BARILIUS ZAMBESENSIS. Leuciscus zambesensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682. Opsaridion zambezense, Peters, op. cit. 1853, p. 783, and Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 58, pl. x1. fig. 5 (1868). Barilius zambezensis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 292 (1868). Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, scarcely projecting beyond mouth, as long as or shorter than eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below Fig. 173. Barilius zumbesensis. Type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). anterior third or centre of eye; no barbels; suborbitals nearly entirely covering the cheek. Gill-rakers few and very short. Dorsal II-III 9-10, originating midway between eye and caudal, posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, about 3 length of head. Anal II] 10-11, anterior rays as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral pointed, # to # length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating strie, 41-43 eS 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Silvery white, back green; fins yellowish. Total length 70 millim. Zambesi.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Types. Zambesi. Prof. W. Peters (P.). 7. BARILIUS WEYNSII. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 104 (1899), & p. 135, pl. xlviii. fig. 5 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 232 (1901). Depth of body 5 times in total length, Jength of head 4 to 44 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout pointed, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth, as long as eye or interorbital width, 33 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre of eye; no barbels; naked BARILIUS. 199 space between preoperculum and suborbitals very narrow. Gill-rakers very short, rudimentary. Dorsal III 8, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, or a little nearer latter, its posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, not quite $ length of head. Anal IIT 14-15, similar to dersal. Pectoral acutely pointed, as long as head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating striz, 44-45 a 1 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back. Fig. 174. Barilius weynsii. Type (A. M.C.). Total length 95 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, 1. Type. Between New Antwerp and Stanley Falls. Capt. Weyns (C.). apatds Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). bo 8. BARILIUS NEAVII. Bouleng. Mem. Manchest. Lit. & Phil. Soe. li. 1907, no. 12, p. 3. Depth of body 33 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5} to 4 times. Head 2 to 23 times as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, longer than eye, which is 4 to 43 times in length of head; interorbital width 35 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals as broad as second suborbital. Gjill-rakers few, rudi- mentary. Dorsal LI 9-10, originating midway between eye and root of caudal, posterior half above anal; anterior rays longest, 2 to $ length of head. Anal IIJ-1V 11-13, with produced anterior lobe, longest ray as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral pointed, 3 to # length of head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral. Caudal forked, lower lobe longer than upper. Caudal peduncle 2 to 23 times as long as deep. Scales F er © 5 ‘ 72 : 5 with radiating strive, 42-45 37, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 14 200 CYPRINID A. round caudal peduncle. Breeding males with conical tubercles on the lower jaw. Silvery, brownish on the back; 8 or 9 vertical bars, or pairs of bars, on each side; the membrane between some or all of the dorsal and anal rays black. Barilius neavit. Type. §. Total length 110 millim. Zambesi System, Rhodesia. 1-5. Types. Mountain stream near Petauke, S. A. Neave, Esq. (C.). N.E. Rhodesia. 6. Ad. Makabusi R., Mashonaland. J. ff. Darling, Esq. (P.). 9. BARILIUS UBANGENSIS. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901, p. 250; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 266. Bavilius fasciolatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 34, pl. ix. fig. 5 (1902), Depth of body 3 to 3% times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, scarcely projecting beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3 (young) to 43 times in length of head; interorbital width 24 to 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals nearly equal to width of latter; posterior border of second suborbital below centre of eye. Gill-rakers few and short. Dorsal II-III 8-9, originating at equal distance from centre or posterior border of eye and from root of caudal, posterior half of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, % to 2 length of head. Anal III 12-14, notched, produced into BARILIUS. 201 an anterior lobe, longest rays as long as dorsals. Pectoral pointed, ¢ length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle about twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating strie, 59-44 pare 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Breeding males with pearl-like tubercles on body and on anal, and larger, spinose tubercles on snout and on lower jaw. Olive above, Barilius ubangensis. Type of B. fasciolatus (A. M. C.), silvery white beneath ; 8 to 12 vertical dark bars on each side, some of these bars sometimes splitting into two; a dark streak along each lobe of the caudal; dorsal often black posteriorly. Total length 120 millim. Upper Congo, South Cameroon.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. One of Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). the types of B. fasciolatus. 2. Ad. Near Isumu, Congo side of Mt. R. B. Woosnam, Hsq. (C.) 5 Ruwenzori, 3000 ft. Ruwenzori Expedition. 3. Her. Aruwimi R., Upp. Congo. 3 4, Hor. Lindi R., “3 M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 5,6-7. Ad. Ja R., Congo System, 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8-19. Ad. Kribi R. at Efulen, A 9 10. BARILIUS BUCHHOLZI. Opsaridium buchholzi, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 251, pl. —. fig. 4. Barilius buchholzi, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899). Apparently agreeing in most points with B. kingsleye, which may ultimately have to be regarded as not separable from it, but distin- guished by the smaller number of scales in the lateral line. Dorsal II 7. 202 CYPRINIDA. Anal III 14. Scales 46 oe 2 between lateral line and ventral. No markings. , Total length 110 millim. Ogowe.—Type in Berlin Museum. 11. BARILIUS KINGSLEY &. Barilius libie (non Joannis), Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 277, pl. xv. fig. C. Barilius kingsleye, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 283 (1901). Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3% to 4 times. Head 24 to 25 times as long as broad, with feebly curved upper profile; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 54 to 4 times in length of head; inter- orbital width 3 to 33 times in length of head; mouth extending to below Barilius kingsleye. Type, after Giinther (Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1896). centre or posterior third of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals not half the width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers few, rudimentary. Dorsal II-III 7, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, or a little nearer latter, its posterior half or two-thirds above anal ; anterior rays longest, about 2 length of head. Anal III 14-17, anterior rays much longer than posterior, about as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral acutely pointed, a little shorter than head, not reaching, or nearly reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating strie, 49-5] set 2-24 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. J Breeding male with pearl-like tubercles on body, and very small spinose tubercles on snout and chin. Silvery, the back bluish or BARILIUS. 208 olive; sides usually with 10 to 14 more or less distinct dark vertical bars above lateral line; a large blackish spot at root of caudal. Total length 140 millim. Congo, Ogowe, South Cameroon. 1. Type. Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 2-13. Ad. & her. Kribi R. at Efulen, 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 12. BARILIUS LOATI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 80, and Fish. Nile, p. 265, pl. xlviii. fio. 4 (1907). Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3% to 44 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout pointed, projecting beyond mouth, 14 to 2 times as long as eye in adult; eye 4 (young) to 6 times in length of head in adult; mouth extending to below centre or posterior third of eye; no barbels; second suborbital deep, extending Fig. 178. Barilius loatt. Type, Upper Nile (F.N.). 2. By posteriorly to vertical of posterior border of eye; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals about 4 width of latter. Gill-rakers few and very short, rudimentary. Dorsal III 7-9, originating at equal distance from occiput and from root of caudal, or a little nearer latter, second half of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, 3 to 3 length of head, Anal III 12-15, notched, often produced into a convex anterior lobe, anterior rays much longer, about as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral pointed, } to ¢ length of head, not reaching ventral, which is much shorter and oo not reach beyond vent. Caudal deeply forked, crescentic when fully spread out. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales with radiating striz, 50-58 BID 9 , 2-3 between 204 CYPRINID &. lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Males with pearl- like granular excrescences on the anal and on the snout. Silvery white, green or steel-blue on the back, with ten to sixteen more or less distinct bluish-black vertical bars on each side of the body above the lateral line. Total length 185 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel and Blue Nile; Omo River; Ogun River (Lagos). 1-3. Hgr.& yg. Nile between Luxor and Assuan. IL. Loat, Esq. (C.). 4. Her. Assuan. > 5-6. Types. Derr, Nubia. 2 -9. Types. Ibrim, Nubia. ue 10. Skel. ‘, * 11. Her. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Capt. S. Flower (P.). 12-21. Ad. &hgr. Gondokoro. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 22. Yi. Omo R., between Malo and Prof. O. Neumann (C.). Kosha. 23. Ad. Zendo R., Omo System, 4300 ft. Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. Mac Millan, Esq. (P.). 24-27. Ad. & her. Ogun R. at Aro, near Abeokuta, Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Lagos. 13. BARILIUS SENEGALENSIS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxi. i. 1870, p. 564, pl. v. fig. 2 Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Fig. 179. ee Ley i Oy ‘ Barilius senegalensis, Type (after Steindachner, 7. c.). 3. Snout pointed, projecting slightly beyond mouth, about 14 diameters of BARILIUS. 205 eye; latter 44 to 5 times in length of head, interorbital width 33 to 34 times; mouth extending to below centre of eye or a little beyond; no barbels; second suborbital extending posteriorly to vertical of posterior border of eye; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals narrow. Dorsal III 8, originating at equal distance from occiput and from root of caudal, posterior third of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, about # length of head. Anal III 15, notched, anterior rays about as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral pointed, about $ length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle : 95-105 ¢ twice as long as deep. Scales 59-63 yr, 24 between lateral line and ventral. Grey above, silvery white “beneath; 12 dark bluish-grey vertical bars on each side of the body above the lateral line. Total length 155 millim. Senegal.—Types in Vienna Museum. 14. BARILIUS MICROCEPHALUS. Pelotrophus microcephalus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Iish. vii. p. 321 (1868). Barilius guentheri, Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soe. 1896, p. 920, pl. xbvii. Barilius microcephalus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899). Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout pointed, projecting a little Fig. 180. Barilius microcephalus. Type of B. guenthert (P. Z.S. 1896). 2. beyond mouth, 14 to 2 times as long as eye, which is 44 to 6 times 206 CYPRINID.®. in length of head; interorbital width 23 to 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals narrow. Gill-rakers few, rudi- mentary. Dorsal III 9-10, originating midway between occiput or eye and caudal, second half of base above anal; anterior rays longest, 2 to % length of head. Anal III 15-17, anterior rays very long, as long as or a little shorter than head, forming a lobe sharply defined from the very short posterior rays. Pectoral pointed, 2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep. Scales with very numerous radiating strie, 47-52 a, 2 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, dark blue on the back; sides with about 15 dark vertical bars; membrane between dorsal rays often blackish. Total length 340 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré. 1-3. Skins, types. LL. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 4-5. Ad. - 4 Prof. J. EH. 8. Moore (C.). 6. Skel. 5 h. 7-9. Ad. + Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 10-12. Types of Upper Shire. Dr. Perey Rendall (C.) ; B. quentheri. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 15. BARILIUS MOORIL. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 234 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 146, pl. xiv. fig. 2, and xvii. 1906, p- d49. Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 to 44 times in total length. Fig. 181. Barilius moorii. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1901). Head twice or a little more than twice as long as broad ; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye, BARiILIUS. 207 which is 4 to 42 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to 34 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals less than 4 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers very short and few. Dorsal III 9, originating at equal distance from anterior border or centre of eye and from caudal, second half of its base above anal; anterior rays longest, 2 to # length of head. Anal III 13-14, anterior rays much longer than posterior, a little longer than dorsals, forming a rounded lobe. Pectoral pointed, shorter than head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales with very numerous radiating strie, 55-60 SSE, 3 be- tween lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle, Silvery, brownish on the back; more or less distinct dark vertical bars on the side of the body, 10 or 11 in number; dorsal blackish at the end. Total length 160 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-4. Types. North end of L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). 5-6. Ad. &hgr. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). The specimens from Lake Rukwa briefly noticed under the name of B. moortt by Hilgendorf and Pappenheim, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 270, perhaps belong to a distinct species. 16. BARILIUS TANGANICA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 235 (1901), and Trans. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 146, pl. xiv. fig. 3. Fig. 182. Barilius tanganice. Type (Ir. Z.$. 1901). 3, Depth of body equal to length of head, 44 times in total length. Head a little over twice as long as broad, with straight upper profile; 208 CYPRINIDS. snout very pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, 13 diameters of eye, which is 53 times in length of head; interorbital width 33 times in length of head; mouth extending to below posterior border of eye; no barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals about 3 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal III 10, originating midway between occiput and caudal, posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, a little more than $ length of head. Anal III 17, strongly notched, with rounded anterior lobe, longest rays # length of head. Pectoral pointed, $ length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle a little over twice as long as deep. Scales with numerous radiating strie, 82 a 4 between lateral line and ventral, 26 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back; 16 or 17 blackish vertical bars on each side of the body. Total length 260 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. North end of Tanganyika. Prof. J. H. S. Moore (C.). 17. BARILIUS MICROLEPIS. Pelotrophus microlepis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Fish. vi. p- 320, fig. (1868). Barilius microlepis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 102 (1899). Fig. 183. Barilius microlepis. 1 L. Nyassa. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad, with nearly straight upper profile ; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, as long as eye in young, at BARILIUS.—ENGRAULICYPRIS. 209 least twice as long as eye in adult; eye 4 (young) to 8 times in length of head; interorbital width about 5 times in length of head; mouth extending to below centre or posterior border of eye; no barbels; naked space between przoperculum and suborbitals about 4 width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal III 9-10, originating midway between occiput and caudal, posterior third above anal ; anterior rays longest, about 3 length of head. Anal III 16-17, strongly notched, with produced anterior lobe, longest rays 3 to $ length of head (shorter in young). Pectoral pointed, about 3 length of head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 2 to 25 times as long as deep. Scales with numerous radiating strie, 80-88 eas 5 between lateral line and ventral, 26-28 round caudal peduncle. Males with small conical nuptial tubercles (or their scars) on snout and anal fin, and, very crowded, on lower jaw. Silvery, olive on the back; no markings ; fins brown. Total length 470 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1,2. Skins, types. IL. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 3. Ad. BS Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 4-6. Ad. 5 Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 7-14. Ye. Between Kondowe and Karonga. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.}. 9. ENGRAULICYPRIS*, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 626. Neobola, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 56 ; Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1903, ii. p. 332, and Fish. Nile, p. 268 (1907). Body strongly compressed, but belly not keeled, covered with mode- rately large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth moderate or large, oblique, without lips; no barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Giull-membranes narrowly united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 to 11 rays, 7 or 8 of which are branched, originating above or slightly before or behind the vertical of the origin of the anal. Anal fin with 13 to 20 rays. A scaly process at the base of the ventral fin. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in two series (5, 5—5, 3). Nile and Eastern parts of Tropical Africa. * This genus has appeared under the name of Neohola in the synopsis of the genera as given in the first volume, p. 300. VOL. II. 210 CYPRINID®. Synopsis of the Species. 1. Anal 13-15, its origin below or a little further back than that of dorsal. L.1. 48-52; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye ; depth of body 6-7 times im totalleneth. ©. .. - - . = I. E. sardella, Gthr., p. 210. LL. 1. 50-52 ; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; depth of body 44 times in totaldlencth asc n ine nr MCU G un liino Se aUrcnrarcale sm lone ene Wale Tl. Anal 17-19, its origin below or slightly further back than that of dorsal. L. 1. 48-52 ; mouth extending to below anterior bordenoneyelnmgc) luce cliche lo. Tn angentess, kelest.. pea tae L. 1. 49-45; mouth extending to beyond ver- tical of anterior border of eye . . . . 4. E. bottegi, Vincig., p. 213- Til. Anal 20, originating m advance of dorsal. L. 1. 37; mouth extending to below anterior borderofeyes 7 <"."" .wkiged Ste ;- eat eeonimetus Dlor.9s 213. 1. ENGRAULICYPRIS SARDELLA. Barilius sardella, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 292 (1868); Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 103 (1899). Eugraulicypris pinguis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1893, p. 627, fig. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4% times. Head about 23 times as long as broad; snout obtuse, as long as Vig. 1S. Engraulicypris sardella. L. Nyassa. or a little longer than eye; chin projecting a little beyond snout; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head and greater than mterorbital width ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; no naked space oncheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, close-set, about 30 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal IL 9, originating above or a little in advance of anal, its distance from end of snout 25 to 3 times its distance from caudal; first branched ray longest, about $ length of head. Anal III ENGRAULICYPRIS. 21h 10-11, longest ray about 2 length of head. Pectoral obtusely pointed, 3 length of head, widely separated from ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 24 to 3 times as long as deep. Scales 48-52 Ei 1 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, steel-blue on the back ; fins white. Total length 100 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré. 1. Type. Upper Shiré. Dr. Livingstone (C.) ; Earl Russell (P.). 2-3. Types of H. pinguis. L. Nyassa. J. A. Williams, Esq. (C.). 4-13, Ad. & her. ye Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 2. ENGRAULICYPRIS BREVIANALIS. Neobola brevianalis, Bouleng. Ann, Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 231, fig. Depth of body about 43 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout obtuse, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 3 or 5} times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; suborbita] bones covering greater part of cheek. Gill- rakers moderately long, about 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 7, its origin slightly in advance of that of anal; its distance from end of snout 24 times its distance from caudal; first branched ray longest, about % length of head. Anal II 12-15. Pectoral acutely Fig. 185. Engraulicypris brevianalis. Type (Ann. Natal Mus.). x 2. pointed, as long as head, reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. 102 ae lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish, with a silvery lateral band; fins white. Total length 50 millim. Caudal peduncle 1% times as long as deep. Scales 50-52 1 between Zululand, Transvaal. 1. Type. Mkuzi R., Zululand. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 2-4, Ad. & hgr. Devaars R., Transvaal. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). r2 212 CYPRINIDA. 3. ENGRAULICYPRIS ARGENTEUS. Neobola argentea, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1904, p. 184, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 178, fig. ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 268, pl. xlvi. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body 4} to 4? times in total length, length of head 33 to 44 times. Head about twice as long as broad; snout acutely pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, slightly shorter than diameter of eye, which is nearly 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; suborbitals covering greater part of cheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 7, its origin corresponding to or slightly in advance of Bngraulicypris argenteus. Type (I. N.). that of the anal, nearly twice as far from end of snout as from base of 2 caudal; first branched ray longest, about % length of head. Anal II 15-16. Pectoral acutely pointed, a httle shorter than head, not ex- tending to ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 48-52 a 1 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish brown above, silvery on the sides ; caudal fin bright yellow, the other fins white or greyish. Total length 60 millim. Lake Victoria.—Lypes in Paris Museum. 1-2. Types. Kayirondo Bay. M. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). Oo. Ad. 39 7 4, Ad. Kisumu Bay, Kayirondo. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). 5-10. Ad. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 11. Ad. Bugala, Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). ENGRAULICYPRIS. PAB} 4, HUGRAULICYPRIS BOTTHGI. Neobola botteg, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 57, pl. v. fig. 1, and xvii. pp. 31, 364, and xix. 1898, p. 261; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, ii. p- 332, and Fish. Nile, p. 268 (1907). Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head 1% to 2 times as long as broad; snout pointed, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is nearly 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth or anterior third of eye; suborbitals covering greater part of cheek. Gill-rakers few and very short. Dorsal II 7-8, its origin corresponding to or slightly in advance of that of the anal, about twice as far from end of snout as from caudal; first branched Fig. 187. Engraulicypris bottegi. Type, after Vincinguerra (J. c.). ray longest, about $ length of head. Anal II 15-17. Pectoral acutely pointed, usually reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 40-45 =a) 1 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish brown above, silvery on the sides; fins colourless. Total length 73 millim. Somaliland, Southern Ethiopia, Omo River and Lake Rudolf.—Types in Genoa Museum. 1-3. Hgr. Ganana R. at Lugh. Capt. V. Bottego (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 4-6. Ad. & hgr. | Wabbi R. (Webi Shebeli). Prof. O. Neumann and Baron C. v. Erlanger (C.). 7-8. Ad. Modjo R. Es ss 9-12. Ad. Traro R. is 13-14. Ad. & her. Omo Rh. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 5. ENGRAULICYPRIS MINUTUS. Neobola minuta, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 549, pl. xxxii. fig. 1. Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Snout pointed, not extending beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 214 CYPRINID#. 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye. Dorsal II 7, originating further back than anal, at equal distance from head and from caudal, longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal II 18. Pectoral acutely pointed, as long as head, reaching root of ventral, Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 37 a 1 between _ Fig. 188. Engraulicypris minutus. Type. lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, olive on the back. Total length 26 millim. Lake Tanganyika, 1-5. Types. Mbete. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 10. CHELAUTHIOPS, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 101 (1899), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p, 236 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 271 (1907). Body strongly compressed, the belly keeled between the pectoral fins, coyered with rather large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral outline of the body and running along the lower part of the caudal peduncle. Mouth large, oblique, without lips; no barbels. Suborbitals large, covering the cheek. Gilil-membranes narrowly united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9 or 10 rays, 7 of which are branched, originating behind the vertical of the origin of the anal. Anal with 19 or 20 rays. Pectoral fins elongate, in contact or narrowly separated on the mid-ventral line. A scaly process at the base of the ventral fins. Pharyngeal teeth conical, hooked, in two series (5, 5—4, 3). Nile, Webi Shebeli, and Congo. Two species :— Depth of body 4-5 times in total length; dorsal above anterior halfofanal. . . . . , . J Depth of body 43-4} times in total length ; dorsal above middle of anal . C. bibie, Joann., p. 215, 2. C. elongatus, Blgr., p. 216. CHEL©THIOPS. 215 1. CHELATHIOPS BIBIE. Leuciscus tibie, Joannis, Mag. de Zool. 1835, iv. pl. iv. Pelecus bibie, Heckel, Russegger’s Reise Egypt. iii. p. 329 (1846). Barilius bibie, Giinther, Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 264 (1869). Chelethiops bibie, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 263; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cxv. i. 1906, p. 1097*; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 271, pl. xlviii. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 42 Fig. 189. Chelcethiops babee. Assuan. times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout acutely pointed, slightly projecting beyond mouth, not longer than eye, which is con- tained 3 to 4 times in length of head; interorbital width eyual to diameter of eye or a little greater; mouth extending to below centre of eye; suborbital bones nearly entirely covering cheek, second very narrow and extending to below centre of eye. Gill-rakers few and very short. Dorsal III 7. above anterior half of anal, twice as far from occiput as from base of caudal; first branched ray longest, 2 to 3 length of head. Anal III 16-19; first branched ray longest and as long as or a little shorter than that of dorsal. Pectoral acutely pointed, longer than head, extending beyond root of ventral. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales with radiating striw, 37-41 ae 1-14 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Uniform silvery, brownish olive on the back; fins yellowish white. Total length 55 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel ; Webi Shebeli.—Type apparently lost. 1-2. Ad. Barrage near Kalioub, N. of Cairo. Dr. F. Werner (P. 3-9. Her. Near Jinxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 10-13. Ad. Between Luxor and Assuan. si _* Not the figure, which, through an oversight, is taken from a Barilius niloticus. 216 CYPRINID#. 14. Ad. Assuan. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 15. Ad. Near Kermeh, Nubia. 16-115. Ad. & her. Omdurman. 116. Skel. “A TL Jeleeass Kaka, White Nile. 118-121. Her. Lake No, 122-141, 142-143. Gondokoro. Ad. & her. 144. Ad. Ini, Webi Shebeli, Somaliland. Paris Museum (£.). ” 9 2. CHELATHIOPS ELONGATUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 101, pl. xl. fig. 5 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 236 (1901). Closely allied to the preceding, but dorsal inserted above middle of anal. Depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length. Anal III 16-18. Scales 36-38 = Total length 60 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Fig. 190. Chelethiops clongatus. Type (A. M. C.). 1-2. Ad Lindi R. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 3: vA: Bumba R. at Assobam,8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 4, Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 5. Ad. Aruwimi R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzori Expedition. 11. NEMACHILUS. Cobitis, part., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 499 (1766); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xviii. p. 1 (1846). Nemachilus, Van Hass. Algem. Konst- en Letterb. ii. 1823, p. 183; Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 347 (1868) ; Herzenst. Wiss. Res. Praewalski Reis., Zool. ill. Fische, p. 1 (1888) ; Bouleng. Fish, Nile, p. 274 (1907). Diplophysa, Kessler, in Fedschenko’s Reise, ii. p. 57 (1874). Body elongate and feebly compressed, naked or with minute scales. NEMACHILUS. 217 Lateral line along the middle of the side. Mouth small, inferior, sur- rounded by a circular lip; three pairs of barbels, two on the snout and one at the sides of the mouth. Suborbitals small, without spine. Gill- openings restricted to the sides. Dorsal fin short, with 10 to 17 rays, opposite to the ventrals or just behind the vertical of the latter. Anal fin short, with 7 to 9 rays. Pharyngeal teeth small, pointed and more or less distinctly hooked, in a single series. Air-bladder entirely or partially enclosed in a bony capsule open at the sides. Europe and Asia. A single species in Africa. 1. NEMACHILUS ABYSSINICUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 437, and Fish. Nile, p. 274, pl. xlviii. fig. 6 (1907). Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head Fig. 191. Nemachilus abyssinicus. Type. xX 12. feebly compressed behind, twice as long as broad, Snout a little shorter than postorbital part of head, a little depressed; eye 5} times in length of head, 2 interorbital width; longest barbels twice diameter of eye. Dorsal 10, a little nearer caudal than occiput, originating immediately behind vertical of root of ventral, middle rays longest, nearly # length of head. Anal 9. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Yellowish brown, with irregular dark spots, and a series of ten large transverse dark spots along the back; a small round black spot on the dorsal fin; caudal fin with dark spots. , Total length 40 millim. Lake Tsana, Abyssinia. 1. Type. Bahardar. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 218 CYPRINID£.—SILURID&, The Gold-fish (Cyprinus auratus, L.), a native of Asia, has been introduced and has become acclimatized in North-west and South Africa, in Madagascar, and in Mauritius. It is easily distinguished from all the indigenous African Cyprinids by its long dorsal fin with at least 15 branched rays, and by the last simple ray of both dorsal and anal being serrated. When in a wild state the fish loses the bright coloration whence its specific name is derived. Fam. 3. SILURID. Mouth non-protractile, bordered by the premaxillaries and the maxillaries, or by the preemaxillaries only, the maxillaries being often rudimentary and supporting the base of a barbel; jaws usually toothed. Parietal bones usually confluent with the supraoccipital; symplectic and suboperculum absent. Pharyngeal bones normal, with small teeth. Some or all of the ribs attached to the lower surface of long parapophyses ; epipleurals absent. Pectoral fins inserted very low down, folding like the ventrals, often armed, like the dorsal, with a strong bony spine. Body naked or with bony plates. An adipose dorsal fin often present. One to four pairs of barbels. Fresh-waters of all temperate and tropical parts of the world and coasts within the tropics and round South Africa. Synopsis of the Genera. I, Ciarity2,—Dorsal and anal fing very long, without spine; gill-membranes free from the isthmus ; air-bladder small, bilobed, disposed transversely and partially enclosed in a bony sheath. A. Dorsal fin single, formed entirely of articulated rays. 1. Hye with a free border ; pectoral and ventral fins well developed. Sides of head protected by bony shields . . 1. Clarias, Gron., p. 221. Sides of head naked, only the postorbital shield being present . . . .. . . . . 2 Allabenchelys, Blgr., p. 266. 2. Hye without free border ; sides of head naked. Postorbital shield present ; pectoral fins well developed, ventrals small. . . . . . 3. Clariallabes, Bler., p. 268. Postorbital shield absent; pectoral and ventral Dusen smalls y. Wee Neil in 40 1Gymnallabes, GthirsnelO. Postorbital shield absent ; pectoral fins rudi- mentary or absent, ventrals absent. . . 5, Channallabes, Gthr., p. 271. SILURIDZ. 219 B. Dorsal fin divided into two, the posterior portion adipose. Sides of head protected by bony shields ; adi- pose dorsal fin large and supported by bony rays (the produced neural spines) . 6. Heterobranchus, Geoffr., p. 272. Sides of head naked, only the postorbital shield being present ; adipose dorsal fin small . 7. Dinotopterus, Blgr., p. 276. II. Prorosinz.—A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine ; a second dorsal and a long anal, united with the caudal; gill-membranes free from isthmus ; air-bladder moderately large, free. 8. Plotosus, Lacep., p. 278. IlI, Stturiy#.—Dorsal fin yery short or absent ; adipose dorsal fin very small ; anal fin much elongate ; gill-membranes free from isthmus. A. Dorsal fin with a spine. Adipose finpresent +. ..'- ¢ - - . . 9 Hutropius, M. & T., p. 279. Adipose fin absent . . . . si aiiinilie, LOL Schelbes uy.» ps i203. B. Dorsal fin without spine ; vaaiee fin present. Teeth absent’... Pee a Lille) Selusanodons, Blk pwede. C. No rayed areal) fin, Adipose fin present... « . . . .. . «12, Physailia, Blgr,, p. 300. Adipose amjabsent| ) 92.) fs 2 i, wal deNPagradlia. Blor.) p..a02. IV. Bacrixa.—Dorsal fin short; adipose fin present, or transformed into a second rayed fin ; anal fin short ; gill-membranes free or very narrowly attached to isthmus. A. Gill-emembranes more or less notched in the middle; nostrils widely separated from each other. 1. Nasal barbel present *. a. Teeth on the palate. Dorsal fin with 8-11 branched rays; adipose fin very large . . . 14. Bagrus, Cuv., p. 304. Dorsal fin with 5-6 poi rays ; gee fin moderate or small. . . . . . 15. Chrysichthys, Blkr., p. 314. Dorsal fin with 6 branched rays ; second ale: sal fin rayed, with an anterior spine in the adulterers ee; te ke om Olarotess Kner 34h b. Palate eanlecs Dorsal with 6-7 branched rays . . . . . 17. Gephyroglanis, Blgr., p. 344. 2. Nasal barbel absent. a, Anterior nostril on upper surface of snout; dorsal with 5-7 branched rays. * Sometimes very minute in Gephyroglanis. 220 SILURID&. a. Teeth on the palate. Maxillary barbel terminating in a leaf-like expansion . . . . . . . 18. Phyllonemus, Blgr., p. 349. B. Palate renee Dorsal and pectoral fins with a pungent spine. 19. Leptoglanis, Blgr., p. 350. Dorsal and pectoral fins without spine ; pos- terior nostril distant from the eye. . . 20. Amphilius, Gthr., p. 353. Dorsal and pectoral fins without spine ; pos- terior nostril close to the eye . . . . 21. Paramphilius, Pellegr., p. 363. b. Anterior nostril on upper lip, tubular; palate toothless. Dorsal with 7 branched rays; gill-membranes deeply notched; eye without free border. 22. Parauchenoglanis, Blgr., p. 364. Dorsal with 7-8 branched rays; gill-mem- branes feebly notched; eye with free border. 3) . . « . 23. Auchenoglanis, Gthr., p. 366. Dorsal with 14-15 ena rays; gill-mem- branes feebly notched; eye without free border. sere iev a ome, see 245 Notoglanidiun, (Gthiemps ailits B. Gill-membranes not notched, forming a straight transverse fold or a very open angle; nasal barbels absent ; dorsal with 6-7 branched rays. Palate toothless; nostrils rather widely sepa- rated from each other. . . . . 25. Ancharius, Stdr., p. 378 Teeth on vomer and pterygoids; otteale alias togethermcma inn ae . 26. Galeichthys, C. & V., p. 381. Teeth on pterygoids ; oeT ae pets . 27. Arius, C. & V., p. 383. V. Dorapina.—Dorsal fin short ; a second dorsal fin, adipose or rayed ; anal short ; gill-membranes more or less grown to isthmus. A. Second dorsal fin adipose, without rays ; movable, slender, curved teeth in the mandible. 1. Mandibular barbels branched ; preemaxillary teeth conical, not movable. Hye with free border . . .. . . . « 28. Synodontis, Cuv., p. 391. Hye without free border . . . . 29. Microsynodontis, Blgr., p. 476. 2. None of the barbels branched; mouth with a sucker-like papillose circular lip. Preemaxillary teeth conical, not movable, man- dibular pointed; eye without free border. 30. Chiloglanis, Peters, p. 478. Premaxillary teeth pointed, curved, mandi- bular with truncate or bicuspid crowns ; eye with free border . . .. . . dl, Huchilichthys, Blgr., p. 486. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth moy sin with truncate crowns; eye withfree border 32. Atopochilus, Sauy,, p. 490. CLARIAS. 221 B. Second dorsal fin more or less distinctly rayed, or with a spine ; mandibular teeth very small or absent ; eye without free border. 1. Mandibular barbels branched ; body moderately elongate, naked ; second dorsal with articulated rays. Posterior nostril very large . . . . . . 33. Mochocus, Joannis, p. 492. 2. Barbels simple ; body much elongate, with very slender caudal peduncle. a, Preemaxillary teeth present; mandibular teeth few or absent; no spine to the second dorsal fin. Body andtailnaked. . . . . . . . . 34. Dowmea, Sauv., p. 496. Body and tail with bony seutes . . . . . 35. Phractura, Blgr., p. 498. b. Preemaxillary and mandibular teeth present; body and tail with bony scutes. Second dorsal without spine . . . . . . 36. Paraphractura, Blgr., p. 506. Second dorsal withaspine. . . . . . . 37. Trachyglanis, Blgr., p. 507. c. No teeth ; body and tail with bony scutes ; second dorsal with a spine. Dorsal fin in advance of ventrals. . . . . 38. Belonoglanis, Blgr., p. 508. Dorsal fin above ventrals . . . . . . . 39. Andersonia, Bler., p. 510. VI. Matoprerurin®.—No rayed dorsal fin; adipose fin present ; anal short, ; gill- membranes grown to isthmus . . . 40. Malopterurus, Lacep., p. 511. 1. CLARIAS. Gronoy. Zoophyl. p. 100 (1781); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 248 (1864); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 248 (1901), Fish. Nile, p. 278 (1907), and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1063. Macropteronotus, part., Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 84 (1803). Body elongate, with long dorsal and anal fins composed entirely of soft rays, extending to or nearly to the caudal fin. Pectoral fin with the outer ray spinous; ventral fin with 6 rays. Head much depressed, the upper and lateral parts osseous, forming a casque; four pairs of barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mandibulars. Eye small, with free orbital margin. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a band of villiform or granular teeth on the vomer. Giull-membranes free from the isthmus, deeply notched in the middle. A dendritic, accessory branchial organ attached to the second and fourth branchial arches and received in a cavity behind the gill-cavity proper. Air-bladder small, bilobed, disposed transversely and partially enclosed in a bony sheath formed by the transverse processes of the fourth and fifth vertebre. Vertebre 60-78. 9 branchiostegal rays. Males with a long, conical anal papilla. South-eastern Asia, Syria, Africa, 222 SILURIDZ. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventral fins midway between end of snout and root of caudal, or a little nearer (less than 3) the former ; nasal barbel shorter than head *. A. Maxillary barbel not or but little longer than head, except in the very young ; at least 20-gill-rakers on anterior arch. 1, Length of head 3 to 3% times in total length +; vomerine teeth forming an uninterrupted or scarcely interrupted band or patch; distance between occipital process and dorsal fin at least 34 times in length of head. a. Head granulate above (under the skin), except in the very young; D. 62-82, A. 46-65. a. Vomerine teeth mostly pointed or granular-subconical, forming a band which is not broader than the band of premaxillary teeth ; distance between occipital process and dorsal fin 34 to 7 times in length of head. 20-27 gill-takers on anterior arch ; distance between dorsal and caudal 1~24 diameters QEQie 6 Oo ogo 0B) oo og) le Go amiganilarog, Iie jon PPI 25 (in very young)-80 gill-rakers on anterior arch; distance between dorsal and caudal 14-2 diameters of eye. . . . . « « 2 C. gariepinus, Burch., p. 228. 87 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; distance be= tween dorsal and caudal 3 diameters of eye. 3. C. moorii, Blgr., p. 230. 8. Vomerine teeth all or mostly granalar, forming a crescentic band with or without posterior process. 30-40 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; band of vomerine teeth as broad as or a little narrower than band of premaxillary teeth: head not more than 13 times as long as broad, 4-7 times its distance from dorsal. 4. C. senegalensts, C. & V., p. 231. 25 (in very young)-100 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; band of vomerine teeth nearly 1 to 14 times as broad as preemaxillary band ; head not more than 1% times as long as broad, 4-7 times its distance from dorsal. 5. C. mossambicus, Peters, p, 232. 90 gill-rakers on anterior arch; band of vo- merine teeth as broad as premaxillary band ; head 1% times as long as broad, 9 times its distance from dorsal . . . « 6. C. vinciguerre, Blgr., p, 234. * The head is measured to the extremity of the occipital process. + Caudal fin not included. CLARIAS. 35 (in very young)-135 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; band of vomerine teeth 14 to 24 times width of premaxillary band; head not more than 13 times as long as broad, 4-7 times its distance from dorsal . y. Vomerine teeth granular, form- ing a large semi-elliptic patch, squarely truncate behind, its longitudinal diameter 3 times that of preemaxillary band ; 39 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; distance between dorsal and caudal 3 Jength of head b. Head smooth above; D. 78-85, A. 60-70; vomerine teeth gra- nular, forming a band which is not broader than premaxillary band ; 45-70 gill-rakers on an- terior arch; distance between dorsal and caudal not greater than diameter of eye . 2. Length of head 4 times in total length; vomerine teeth mostly granular, forming a band which is a little narrower than the pree- maxillary band and interrupted in the middle; head granulate above; D. 63-72, A. 50-52 ; distance be- tween occipital process and dorsal 2-4 length of head; 55 gill-rakers Onrantenlomarche ce: dierent. B. Maxillary barbel 14 length of head ; 12 gill-rakers on anterior arch; head feebly granulate above, 14 as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical ; 7. C. lazera, C. & V., p. 235. 8. €. mellandt, Bler., p. 238. 9. C. tsanensis, Blgr., p. 239. 10. €. capensis, C. & V., p. 240. D. 65-70, A. 56-62. . . . . . A. €. platycephalus, Blgr., p. 241. II. Ventral fins 14 to 2 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout, or nasal barbel at least as long as head ; head smooth or very feebly granulate above ; less than 30 gill-rakers on anterior arch. A. Dorsal separated from caudal by a space at least equal to diameter of eye ; nasal barbel shorter than head. 1. Head 1} to12 times as long as broad, its length 33-32 times in total length; distance between occipital 224 SILURID A. process and dorsal } length of head; maxillary barbel nearly as long as head ; 20-23 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; D. 85-95, A. 65-75. . . 12. C.jaensis, Blgr., p. 242. 2. Head not more than 1} times as long as broad. a. Maxillary barbel shorter than head ; head 14-14 as long as broad, its length 4-5 times in total length; distance between occipital process and dorsal 2-3 length of head ; 10-13 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; D. 65-78, A. 57-64. Maxillary barbel 2-2 length of head, not reaching beyond gill-opening . . . . 13. C. carsonii, Blgr., p. 243. Maxillary barbel length of head, reaching a little beyond base of pectoral . . . . 14. C. poensis, Blgr., p. 244. b. Maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head ; distance between occipital process and dorsal 2—2 length of head, which is 4—5 times in total length. Head 1} as long as broad; D. 75-84, A. 60- 70; 10 gill-rakers on anterior arch . . 15. C.submarginatus, Peters, p. 245. Head 13-13 as long as broad; D. 70-72, A. 50-58 ; 13-15 gill-rakers on anterior RN 45 5 oe 5 Go 6 6 0 Al CG trongalalinngs lelleres jo 2a Head slightly longer than broad ; D. 58-60, A. 40-42 ; 20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. 17. C. breviceps, Blgr., p. 247. c. Maxillary barbel once and } to twice as long as head ; head 11-1} as long as broad ; 12-15 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Length of head 4-45 times in total ; distance between occipital process and dorsal }—} length of head ; distance between ventrals and caudal 14-12 that between end of snout and ventrals ; D. 70-80, A. 52-60. 18. C. walkeri, Gthr., p. 248, Length of head 5-5} times in total ; distance between occipital process and dorsal 3-2 length of head; distance between ventrals and caudal at least 13 that between end of snout and ventrals ; D. 80, A. 70-73. 19. C. longior, Blgr., p. 249. B. Dorsal and anal in contact with or very narrowly separated from, but not adnate to the caudal ; maxillary barbel longer than head. 1. Nasal barbel at least as long as head, which is 14-1} times as long as broad; distance between occipital process and dorsal +} length of head. a. Vomerine teeth conical or subgranular, in a crescentie band. Length of head 34-4} times in total ; maxil- lary barbel 13-13 length of head ; 20-25 gill-rakers on anterior arch; D. 70-82, ADO OOM ee ene OF Lt 20.0 Crangolensis Sida o 0: CLARIAS. 225 Length of head 4-41 times in total ; maxillary barbel 2~24 length of head ; 17-22 gill- rakerson anteriorarch; D.78-87, A.55-67. 21. C. bythipogon, Sauv., p. 25: Or bo Length of head 4-44 times in total ; maxillary barbel 13-12 length of head; 14-15 gill- rakers on anterior arch; D. 65-78, A. 55— 62; occipital process much longer than broaden ae ect ene. aaa. alliaudi wblertip.e2oo. Length of head 44-5 times in total; maxillary barbel 14-2 length of head; 16-18 gill- rakersonanteriorarch; D.82-91,A.68-72. 23. C. werneri, Bler., p. 254. b. Vomerine teeth granular, in a fan- shaped patch ; length of head 4 times in total ; maxillary barbel 14 length of head; 16 gill- rakers on anterior arch ; D. 80, AmGSicu ls lo |. eae Wee 24emlOamniacromrystacwGthiee peo 56s 2. Nasal barbel shorter than head. a. Length of head 33-4} times in total; distance between occipital process and dorsal 2-2 length of head; D. 60-72, A. 44-55. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides ; 12-15 gill-rakers on anterior arch. . . 25. C. dumerilii, Stdr., p. 257. Pectoral spine feebly serrated ; 20 gill-rakers onjantenlorarchy 3) 2) a). -s « 26. ©. bemensts, Stdrs) p. 258. b. Length of head 43-53 times in total; A. 68-80; 15-20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Head 121} as long as broad ; nasal barbel 3—% length of head; D. 92-95. . . . 27. C. pachynema, Bler., p. 259. Head 13-14 as long as broad; nasal barbel 3-2 length of head; D. 79-87. . . . 28. C. leviceps, Gill, p. 260. C. Dorsal and anal embracing or adnate to base of caudal ; maxillary barbel 4-1} length of head. 1. Head 1}—1} times as long as broad. Length of head 4 times in total; ventrals a little nearer end of snout than caudal; D. 55, A. 50; pectoral spine not serrated on outer side. . . . . . . . . . 29. C. buettikoferi, Stdr., p. 261. Length of head 5 times in total; distance between ventrals and caudal 1} that be- tween ventrals and end of snout; D. 80, A. 65; 15 gill-rakers on anterior arch; pectoral spine serrated on both sides. . 30. C. amplexicauda, Blgr., p. 261. VOL. Il. Q 15 bo op SILURIDA. 2. Head 12-13 times as long as broad. Length of head 43—5} times in total, 3 times its distance from dorsal; distance between ventrals and caudal 1} that between ventrals and end of snout; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head; D. 80-90, A. 67-73; 14 gill- rakers on anterior arch ; pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer side . . . . 3. C. theodore, M. Web., p. 262. Length of head 5 times in total, 3 times its distance from dorsal; distance between ventrals and caudal 12 that between ven- trals and end of snout ; muxillary barbel a little shorter than head; D. 83, A. 68; 20 gill-rakers on anterior arch ; pectoral spine not serrated on outer side . . . 32. C. fouloni, Blgr., p. 263. Length of head 5-6 times in total, 14-12 its distance from dorsal; distance between ventrals and caudal 13 that between ven- trals and end of snout ; maxillary barbel a little longer than head; D. 89-93, A. 70-78; 8-10 gill-rakers on anterior arch; pectoral spine serrated on outer See ole) so Ne) to Oe Ss andoras Cp calles Ietitine sn, Oe. 1. CLARIAS ANGUILLARIS. Silurus anguillaris, Linn. in Hasselq. Reise Palast. p. 415 (1762), and Syst. Nat. i. p. 502 (1766). Macropteronotus charmuth, part., Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 85 (1803). Macropteronotus anguillaris, part., Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829). Clarias hasselquisti, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 362, pl. eccexlvi. (1840). Clarias anguillaris, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 14 (1864); Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 36 (1868) ; Giinth. Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 217 (1869) ; Panceri, Rend. Ace. Se., Soc. R. Nap. xii. 1873, p. 110; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 280, pl. xlix. (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1068. Clarias parvimanus, Giinth. opp. cit. pp. 15, 218. Depth of body 53 to 7Z times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 1} to 1% times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle elliptical, sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 3 to 5 times as long as broad, 34 to 5 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye 2 (very young) to 44 times in CLARIAS. 227 length of snout, 3 to 9 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth 53 to 8 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth mostly conical, sometimes subgranular behind, forming a crescentic, continuous or narrowly interrupted band which is as broad as or narrower than praemaxillary band; nasal barbel + to ? length of head (4 to } in very young); maxillary barbel 2 to 3 length of head (# to 14 times in very young), reaching gill-opening or extremity of pectoral spine; outer mandibular 9 barbel 14 to 1$ times as long as inner, which measures 4 to 2 length of > head (3 to nearly once in very young). Gill-rakers rather short, 20 to 27 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-76, its distance from occipital process + to + length of head, its distance Fig. 192. Clarias anguillaris. Cairo (E.N.). from caudal 1 to 24 diameters of eye. Anal 53-62, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head, the spine serrated on the outer border and } (young) to 3 the length of the fin. Ventrals slightly nearer end of the snout than root of caudal. Caudal not quite half length of head. Upper parts olive or dark brown, uniform or with darker marblings, lower parts white; a more or less distinct dark band on each side of the lower surface of the head; fins dark, edged with yellow or orange, sometimes with small black spots. Reaches a length of 750 millim. Nile, Lake Victoria, Chad Basin. 228 : SILURID-E. 1, 2-3. Ye. Freshwater pool near Ghet-el- L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Nassara, L. Menzaleh. 4. Her. (Type of Nile. Dr. Riippell (C.). C. parvimanus.) 5. Her. 55 J. Petherick, Hsq. (C.). 6. Skel. 3 55 7. Ad. Nile at Cairo. Li. Loat, Esq. (C.). 8. Her. Pond near Bedushen, 8. of Cairo. 3 BO Ike Nar, Near Cairo. 5 12. Skull. Picked up at Demare, Libyan Capt. S. Flower (P.). Desert. 13-16. Yg. Near Luxor. L. Loat, Hsq. (P.). 17-23. Ye. Between Luxor and Assuan. 35 24-27. Her. & yg. Assuan. 7 28. Hor. Khartum. J. Petherick, Wsq. (C.). 29), Hipr: Fashoda. L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). 30. Skull. L. Victoria. Mr. HE. Degen (C.). 31. Her. Kano, Hadeija R., Chad Basin. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 2. CLARIAS GARIEPINUS. Silurus (Heterobranchus) gariepinus, Burchell, Tray. Int. 8. Afr. i. p. 425, fi (1822). Clarias capensis (non ©. & V.), A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Pisce. pl. xxvii. (1845). Clarias mossambicus, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682, and Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 32, pl. vi. figs. 1 & 2, and pl. vii. figs. 2 & 3 (1868). Clarias gariepinus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 14 (1864); M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 149 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 254 (1901), and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1069. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 5 to 32 times. Head 12 to 1% times as long as broad, its upper surface more or less distinctly granulate in the adult; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle 3 to 53 times as long as broad, 34 to 4 times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle very small, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 3 to 4 times in length of snout and 5 to 7 times in interorbital width in the adult; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width, 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 (young) to 7 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth mostly conical, or granular-subconical, forming a erescentic band, which may be slightly interrupted in the middle, where it is nearly as broad as or narrower than preemaxillary band ; nasal barbel + to 2 length of head (2 in young); maxillary barbel shorter o than head in adult (a little longer in young), reaching base or second oO. 5 CLARIAS. 229 third of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about 1} times as long as inner, which measures + to 3 length of head. Gill-rakers on first arch fine and close-set, 25 (very young) to 80 in number. Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 68-79, its distance from occipital process } to 7 length of head, its distance from caudal greater than Fig. 193. diameter of eye. Anal 50-60, not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to } length of head, the spine serrated on the outer border, 4 (young) to 4 the length of the fin. Ventrals nearly equally distant from end of snout and from caudal or a little nearer former. Caudal about 4 length of head. Olive above, uniform or marbled with dark brown, white below; a more or less distinct light vertical bar on base of caudal; anal edged with red. Clurius gariepinus, Mozambique, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 2. Total length 620 millim. South Africa (Natal, Orange River, Transvaal), Rhodesia, Mozambique, Katanga, Angola. 1. Ad., stuffed. Durban. Sir A. Sinith (P.). 2-3. Her. fs W. T. Ayres (C.). 4-5. Ad. Umgeni R., near Pietermaritzburg. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 6. Her. Richmond district, Natal. A 7. Ye. Burghersdorp, Orange R. South African Museum (P.). 8. Skull. Vredeford Road, Orange R. Capt. G. Barrett-Hamilton Colony. Gar 9-10. Ad. & Rhenoster R., trib. of Vaal R. = her. Tl ee Mooi R., Transvaal. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 12-13. Yg. Great Olifant R., Transvaal. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 14-15. Yo. Standerion, Transvaal. 8. Pershouse, Esq. (P.). Gy Vion Mazoe, Mashonaland. J. ff. Darling, Hsq. (P.). 230 SILURID&. 17-18. Her. & | Umsitu R., Upper Zambesi. Rey. F. A. Rogers and yg. E. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.). NONPAE Kafue R., Upper Zambesi. T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). 20-24. Yo. Beira, Mozambique, Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). Zo Nox Lofoi, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 26-27. Ye. Caculovar R., Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 28-29. Yo Pungo Andongo, Angola. es 3. CLARIAS MOORT. Boulenger, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 13, and Fish. Nile, p. 283, pl. 1. (1907). Fig. 194. Clarias moorit. Type (F.N.). 4. Depth of body neatly 7 times in total length, length of head 3% times. Head 12 times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate ; occipital process angular, a little longer than broad; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, thrice as long as broad, nearly 4 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process ; eye 34 times in length of snout, 6% times in interorbital width; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth mostly pointed, a few in the middle granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band. Nasal barbel } length of head; maxillary barbel a little more than half length of head, extending to root of pectoral; outer mandibular barbel 15 times as long as inner, which measures nearly 4 length of head. Gill-rakers long and closely set, CLARIAS. 231 87 on anterior arch. Clavicles striated, distinct under the thin skin. Dorsal 66, its distance from occipital process + length of head, its distance from caudal 3 times length of eye. Anal 54, separated from the caudal by a distinct interspace. Pectoral fin nearly half length of head, the spine serrated on the outer border and 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal about half length of head. Olive-brown above, white beneath. Total length 590 millim. Lake Albert Edward. 1. Type. L. Albert Edward. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 4. CLARIAS SENEGALENSIS. Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 376 (1840) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p- 978 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1070. Clarias anguillaris, part., Giinth, Cat. Fish. v. p. 14 (1864). Clarias budgetti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 513. Depth of body 63 to 74 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 1} to 12 times as long as broad, upper surface more or less coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, 5 to 5 times as long as broad, 4 to 4% times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle very small, in advance of occipital process; eye small, 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 53 to 7 times in interorbital width in the adult; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width, 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 6 to 8 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth mostly granular, forming a crescentic band, which is as broad as or a little narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 3 to 4 length of head; maxillary barbel # to once length of head (a little longer in the young), reaching about middle or end of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel 1; to 14 times as long as inner, which measures ? to ? length of head. Gill- rakers on first arch fine and closely set, 30 to 40 in number. Clavicles striated and covered with thin skin. Dorsal 65-80, its distance from the occipital process + to ¢ length of head, its distance from caudal not or but little greater than diameter of eye. Anal 46-58, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral nearly + length of head, the spine serrated on the outer border, % the length of the fin in adult. Ventrals midway between end of snout and caudal or a little nearer the former. Caudal about } length of head. Olive or dark brown above, 232 SILURID&. with or without darker spots or marblings, white beneath ; anal with a light edge. Total length 850 millim. Senegal, Gambia, Niger. Type (in Paris Mus.), stuffed, examined. 1-2. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 3-7. Hgr. & yg. Kaédi, a i 8-10. Types of Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). C. budgetti. 11. Ad. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 12-13. Ad. 5 W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). 14. Yo. Benue R., N. of Ibi. H. L. Norton Traill, Esq. (C.). 5. CLARIAS MOSSAMBICUS. Clarias mossambicus, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682, and Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 32, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1868). Clarias gariepinus, part., Giinth, & Playf. Fish. Zanzib. p. 113 (1866). Clarias mossambieus, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 28; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 31, fig. 1, and xvii. 1896, p. 25; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 27, fig. (1896) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvil. 1905, p. 176 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1071. Clarias robecchit, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 450, and xv. 1895, p- 30, fig.; Bouleig. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 253 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p- 285, pl. li. fig. 1 (1907). Clarias lazera (non Cuv. & Val.), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 89; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 161. Clarias smithii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1896, p. 219, fig. Clarias microphthalmus, Pfeff. op. cit. p. 28; Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 410. Clarias giintheri, Pfeff. 1. ¢. Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 5 to 33 times. Head 14 to 1% times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 24 to 4 times as long as broad, 33 to 54 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye 24 (young) to 4 times in length of the snout, 4 (young) to 8 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to or a little less than interorbital width ; band of preemaxillary teeth 4 (young) to 8 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band with or without a short posterior median process, this band 1 to 14 times the width of the premaxillary band; nasal barbel % to 2 length of head (% to % in the very young); maxillary barbel 3 to CLARIAS. 233 once length of head (a little longer in the very young), not extending beyond middle of pectoral fin; outer mandibular batbel 14 to 12 times as long as inner, which measures } to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers long and closely set, 25 (very young)-110 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 62-78, its distance from occipital process + to ¢ length of head, its distance from caudal one to two diameters of eye. Anal 50-62, separated from the caudal by a distinct interspace. Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head, the spine serrated on the Fig. 195. Clarias mossambicus. Lake Tsana (F.N.). 3. outer border and 2 to 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, or a little nearer former. Caudal 2 to 4 length of head. Olive to blackish above, white beneath ; amore or less distinct dark band on each side of the lower surface of the head. Total length 650 millim. East Africa, from Abyssinia and Lake Victoria to Lake Tanganyika and the Zambesi.—Type in Berlin Museum. 1-2. Ad. L. Victoria. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). Bs woe i Col. Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 4-6. Ad. Entebbe, Uganda. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 7. Her. Unfras R., L. Tsana. a 8-9. Her Warrar, Hawash R., Abyssinia. fs 10. Ad. Hawash R. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 11-12. Her Marmasa, Gota R. (Hawash Sys- Mr. E. Degen (C.). tem), Abyssinia, 4000-5000 ft. 13. Her. Elgo R., L. Abaia, 3000 ft. Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. MeMillan, Esq. (P.). 14. Type of C. | Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). smithi. 15. Her. Voi R., Taita, E. Africa. C.S. Betton, Esq. (P.). 16. Her. Neatana, Tana R., _,, Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). 234 SILURID. 17-18. Ye. Bubu R., Urangi, E. Africa. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 19-21. Yg. Kandoa, Usagara, ” Capt. Bloyet (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 22-23, 24, 25, 26, Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 27. Hg. & yg. 28-29. Yo. s Sir J. Kirk (P.). 30. Yg. L. Tanganyika. Prof, J. H. 8. Moore (C.). 31. Her. Niamkolo, L. Tanganyika. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 32. Her. L. Bangwelu. EF. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 33. Ad. Chiromo, Shiré R. R. MacDonald, Esq. (P.). 34-39. Her. & Beira, Mozambique. Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; yg. C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). 6. CLARIAS VINCIGUERRA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 438, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p- 1072, fig. Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 1} times as long as broad, upper surface strongly granulated ; occipital Clarias vinciquerre. Type (P. Z. 8. 1907). 2. precess angular; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 34 times as long as broad, 4% times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process ; eye small, 3 times in length of snout, 53 times in CLARIAS. 235 interorbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width, 3 length of head. Band of premaxillary teeth 53 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band. Nasal barbel nearly ? length of head ; maxillary barbel slightly shorter than head, reaching base of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel ? length of head, inner 2. Gill-rakers fine and closely set, about 9() on first arch. Dorsal 67, its distance from the occipital process } length of head, its distance from the caudal 2 diameters of eye. Anal 53, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral not quite } length of head, the spine finely serrated on the outer border, ? the length of the fin. Ventrals a little nearer end of snout than caudal. Latter nearly 4 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath ; anal and caudal with a fine light edge. Total length 410 millim. Kassam River (Hawash System), Southern Ethiopia. 1. Type. Kassam R. at Awhorra Mullka, Shoa, 4000 ft. Mr. EH. Degen (C.). 7. CLARIAS LAZHRA. Stlurus anguillaris (non Linn.), A. Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, 2nd ed. ii. p. 217, pl. viii. (1794). Macropteronotus charmuth, part., Lacep. Hist. Poiss. vy. p. 85 (1803). Heterobranchus anguillaris (non Linn.), I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 305, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1827) ; Joannis, Mag. Zool. 1835, pl. xiv. Garmout Laséra, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exev. (1830). Clarias lazera, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 872 (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p- 16 (1864) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 36 (1868) ; Giinth. Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 218 (1869); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 252 (1901) ; Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 409 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 288, pl. lii. (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1073. Clarias syriacus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 375. Clarias capensis (non Cuy. & Val.), Huxley, Mem. Geol. Sury. x. pp. 30 & 32, fig. (1861). ? Clarias ngamensis, Casteln. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 63 (1861). Clarias orontis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 15; Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) vii. 1884, p- 18, pl. 1. fig. 2. Clarias macracanthus, Giinth. t. c. pp. 16 & 429, and Petherick’s ‘Trav. ii. p- 219; Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 151, pl. xvii.; Tristram, Faun. Palest. p. 169, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1884). Clarias xenodon, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 16. Clarias longiceps, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. 1899, p. 103, pl. sli. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 256 (1901). 236 SILURIDA. Depth of body 5 to 9 times in total length, length of head 3 to 32 times. Head 14 to 13 times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process angular or rounded ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 25 to 4 times as long as broad, 31 to 6 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye 2 (young) to 43 times in length of snout, 4 to 7 times in interorbital width; width of mouth equal to ora little less than interorbital width; band of preemaxillary teeth 4 (young) to 6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, formiug a crescentic band with or without a posterior median process, its greatest width, in the middle, 14 to 23 times that Fig. 197. of the premaxillary band; anterior man- dibular teeth pointed, posterior granular ; nasal barbel + to 3 length of head (up to 4 in the very young); maxillary barbel Clarias lazera. Lower Nile (F. N.). 4. usually a little shorter than head, sometimes a little longer (up to once and a half in the very young), reaching extremity of pectoral spine or a little beyond extremity of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel 1% to 1% times as long as inner, which measures 2? to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers long and closely set, 35 (very young) to 135 on anterior arch. Clavicles striated or rugose with granulations, more or less distinct under the thin skin. Dorsal 62-82, its distance from occipital process + to + length of head, its distance from caudal not greater than diameter of eye. Anal 50-65, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 3 to 4 Jength of head, the spine serrated on the outer side and 2 (young) to ? the length of the fin. Ventrals equally distant from end of snout and root of caudal, or a little nearer the former. Caudal about half length of head. Greyish olive or olive-brown to CLARIAS. 237 blackish above, uniform or marbled with lighter, white or greyish beneath ; vertical fins dark, often with a yellowish edge; usually a more or less distinct dark band on each side of the lower surface of the head ; young specimens often with a dark bar, edged with yellowish in front and behind, across the caudal fin; black spots sometimes present on the caudal fin. Total length 1170 millim. Syria, Nile, Senegal to Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. Type of C. orontis. 2-4,5. Ad. & her. 6-7. Yg. 8-9. Ad. & her. 10-13. Ad. 14. Skel. 15-17. Her. & yg. 18. Skel. LOS Eloirs 20-25. Ad. &her. 26. Skel. 27. Ad. 28. Ad. 29-32. Her. 33-35. Yg. 36. Her. 37-38. Her. & yg. 39-41. Hgr. « yg. 42-44, Yo. 45-54. Yg. 55-59. Hor. & yg. 60-61. Ad. 62, 63-64. Types of C. macracanthus. 65, 66-68. Her. & ys: 69-70. Her. 71. Her. 72-74. Yg. 75. Ad. Orontes. L. of Galilee. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Menzaleh. Bahr-el-Tawilah, near L. Menzaleh. Near Damietta. ” 99 Nile near Cairo. Giza, near Cairo. Beni Souef, Fayum. ” ” by) Birket Karun, ,, 99 » 33 Bahr Selah, Fayum. Bahr Tamiyeh, Fayum. Between Abu Tig and Assiut. Assiut. Nile at Luxor. Near Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Assuan. Id. of Arko, Nubia. Khartum. 2) Karkoj, Blue Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Gharb-el-Aish, _,, Bahr Zeraf. Alex. Russell, Esq. (C.). Canon Tristram (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). ” Dr. Riippell (C.). Capt. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 99 Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, sq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). +b] 9 Capt. S. Flower (P.). 76-78. Yg. 79. Ad. 80. Ad. 81. Ad. §2-83. Ye. 84. Her. 85. Ad. 86-90. Yg. 95. Yg. 96-101. Her. & yg. 102-104. Yg., types of C. longiceps. 105. Ad. 106. Ad. 107-109. Ad. & hgr. 110. Type of C. macracanthus. SILURID 4, Gondokoro, Bahr et Gebel. Butyaba, L. Albert. L. Albert Edward. Gallaland, W. of Omo R. Sire R., L. Abaia, 3000 ft. L. Chad. Guidimuni Pond, near Zin- der, Upp. Senegal. Niger. Mureji, Upp. Niger. Abo, Low. Niger. Agberi, 3 Benue R., N. of Ibi. Orah R., Lagos. Boma, Low. Congo. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Upoto, 5 Upper Conge. ——? J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.); W. N. MacMillan, Esq. (P.) Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). Paris Museum (.). Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. LL. Norton Traill, Esq. (C.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). M. P. Delhez (C.). Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). Capt. Wilverth (C.). Brussels University. Zoological Society. 8. CLARIAS MELLANDI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 644, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1074, fig. Depth of body 53 Head once and # as process angular; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 3 length of head; occipital fontanelle very small, in advance of occipital process; eye times in total length, length of head 54 times. long as broad, feebly granulate above ; occipital 34 times in length of snout, 54 times in interorbital width, which exceeds width of mouth and equals 3 length of head; band of pre- maxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a large semielliptic patch, squarely truncate behind, its longi- tudinal diameter 3 times that of the band of premaxillary teeth ; nasal barbel 2 length of head; maxillary barbel § length of head, reaching Gill-rakers Clavicles striated, distinct under the gill-opening ; outer mandibular barbel 2 length of head. jong, about 35 on anterior arch. thin skin. Dorsal 65, its distance from occipital process + length of head, its distance from caudal fin + length of head. narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 55, very 9 Pectoral 2 length of head, its spine CLARIAS. U3}) serrated on the outer border and 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals slightly nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal 4 length of head. Olive-brown above, marbled with darker, whitish beneath; a dark streak on each side of the throat. Total length 345 millim. Lake Bangwelu. Fig. 198. Clarias mellandt. Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 3. 1. Type. L. Bangwelu. I, H. Melland, Esq., and Father Foulon (C.). The following young specimens (85 and 145 millim. long) are referred with doubt to this species. In the smaller the vomerine band of teeth is crescentic, and only a little broader than the premaxillary, whilst in the larger it forms almost a half-disk. 16—20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Dorsal 70. Anal 60. Distance between dorsal and caudal 4 to 3 length of head. 2-3. Ye. Dongwenna, Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9. CLARIAS TSANENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 438, Fish. Nile, p. 292, pl. li. fig. 2 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1075. Depth of body 63 to 7} times in total length, length of head 34 to 3+ times. Head 14 to 12% times as long as broad, perfectly smooth above; vertex very strongly flattened, almost concave in the adult ; 240 SILURID A. occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 3 to 4 times as long as broad, 4 to 5 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle indistinct; eye 23 (young) to 4 times in length of snout, 4 to 63 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth nearly equal to interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 54 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 4 to 4 length of head (2 in the very young) ; maxillary barbel # to once length of head (longer in the very young), reaching base or extremity of pectoral spine; outer man- dibular barbels % to % length of head (as long as head in the very young). Gill- Fig. 199. rakers long and closely set, 45 (young)—70 on anterior arch. Dorsal 78—85, its distance from the occipital process + to + length of head, its distance from caudal fin equal Clarias tsanensts. Type (F.N.). 2. to or a little less than diameter of eye. Anal 60-70, touching root of caudal. Pectoral not quite half length of head, the spine very slightly serrated on the outer border, 2 (young) to % the length of the fin. Ventrals equally distant from end of snout and from caudal, or a little nearer the former. Caudal nearly 4 length of head. Dark olive-brown above, greyish beneath. Total length 450 millim. Lake Tsana, Abyssinia. 1-3. Types. Zegi. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 10. CLARIAS CAPENSIS. Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 377 (1840) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 255 (1901), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1075, and Ann, Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 237. Depth of body 6% to 73 times in the total length, length of head 4 times. Head once and 3 as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate ; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle 34 to nearly CLARIAS. 241 4 times as long as broad, + to 4 length of head; occipital fontanelle very small, well in advance of occipital process; eye very small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 5 to 7 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; band of vomerine teeth a little narrower than the premaxillary band, rather widely interrupted in the middle, composed of small, partly pointed, partly granular teeth ; nasal barbel } to nearly $ length of head; maxillary barbel as long as head, reaching middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel 3 length of head, inner about 3. Gill-rakers on first arch long and closely set, 55 in number. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 63-72. its distance from occipital process 7 to 4 length of head, its distance from caudal 1 to 4 diameters of eye. Anal 50-52, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral fin } length of head, the spine feebly serrated on the outer border, 3-3 the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark olive-brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 550 millim. Natal.—Type (stuffed), in Paris Museum, examined. 1. Ad. Pietermaritzburg. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 11. CLARIAS PLATYCEPHALUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 35, pl. x. fig. 1 (1902), and Proe. Zool. Soc, 1907, p. 1077. Depth of body 6 to 63 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly granulate above ; occipital process obtusely pointed; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, } to 4 length of head; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye very small, 4 times in length of snout, 74 to 8 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 4 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 to ? length. of head; maxillary barbe] 13 times as long as head, extending beyond extremity of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel as long as head, inner 2 to 3. Gill-rakers few and wide apart, 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-70, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. VOL. II. R 242 SILURID. Anal 56-62, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral } length of head, the spine smooth and # the length of the fin. Ventral a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Fig. 200. Caudal } length of head. Dark brown — : above, brownish white beneath; anal with a light edge; caudal with dark bars. Total length 340 millim. Upper Congo, South Cameroon. Clarias platycephalus. Type (A. M.C.). 3. Type. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). -3. Her. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 12. CLARIAS JAENSIS, sp. n. Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head 13 to 12 times as long as broad, smooth or very feebly granulate above ; occipital process obtusely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, + to 4 length of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 3 to Clarias jaensis. rT 1 Type. +. 4% times in length of snout, 6 to 8 times in interorbital width, CLARIAS. 243 which equals width of mouth and } length of head; band of pre- maxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 4 to % length of head; maxillary barbel nearly as long as or a little longer than head, reaching middle or end of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel # to 1 length of head, inner } to 3. 20 to 23 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 85-95, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head, its distance from caudal 2 diameters of eye. Anal 65-75, its distance from caudal 15 to 2 diameters of eye. Pectoral net quite 4 length of head, the spine smooth or slightly serrated and § the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal a little less than } length of head. Dark brown above, white beneath. Total length 450 millim. Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon. -2, 3. Types. Ja R. at Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). J 5. Tpyes. , at Hsamesa. ap 13. CLARIAS CARSONTI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 362, Fish. Nile, p. 294, pl. liii. fig. 1 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1077. Depth of body 65 to 94 times in total length, length of head 4+ to 5 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular, not longer than broad; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 24 to 5 times as long as broad, 4 or 5 times in length io, 202 Fig. 202. LILY Clarias carsoinit. L, Victoria (F. N.). 3. of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of or encroaching a little on Occipital process; eye 3 to 5 times in length of snout, 6 to 82 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth 53 to 5 times as long as broad; R 2 244 SILURID A. vomerine teeth conical, some very obtusely, forming a crescentic band which is about as broad as the a, band ; nasal barbel 2 to 2 length of head ; maxillary barbel 2 to ? length of ewer not fate or reaching gill-opening; outer ements barbel 13 to 14 times length of inner, which measures $ to # length of head. Gill-rakers few and wide apart, 10 or 11 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-78, its distance from occipital process 2? to 2 length of head, its distance from caudal equal to one or two diameters of eye. Anal 57-64, nearly touching caudal. Pectoral about 4 length of head, the spine very indistinctly serrated and measuring abontd the length of the fin. Ventral 14 to 12 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal $ as long as head. Dark brown above, lighter brown beneath. Total length 285 millim. Lake Nyassa to Uganda. 1. Type. Fwambo, Brit. C. Africa. A. Carson, Esq. (P.). 2-3. Her. L. Nyassa. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4. Ad. Fort Portal, H. of Ruwenzori. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; oo Expedition. 5-14. Ad., hgr., _L. Victoria. r. W. G. Doggett (C.) ; & yg. ae Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 15. Skel. i 9 16-17. Ad. &hgr. Bunjako, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 18. Hyer. Munyongo, is ” 19-28. Ad., hgr., | Mabira Forest, Chagwe, W. of | Dr. C. Christy (P.). & yg. Ripon Falls. 14. CLARTAS POENSIS. 3ouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1078, fig. Depth of body 84 times in total length, length of head 43 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process acutely pointed, as long as broad ; frontal and occipital fontanelles very small, the latter in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 35 times in length of snout, 7 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 4 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical, forming a curved band which is narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel about ? length of head, maxillary % length of head and reaching a little eyed base of pectoral, outer mandibular %, inner mandibular } length of head. CLARIAS. 245 Gill-rakers few, 13 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 76, its distance from occipital process 2 length of head, its distance from caudal a little greater than diameter of eye. Anal 60, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 3 length of head, the Fig. 203. Clarias poensis. Type (P. ZS. 1907). 3. spine very feebly serrated on both sides and about # the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark brown, lighter beneath. Total length 285 millim. Fernando Po. 1. Type. Fernando Po. Mr. E. Seimund (C ). 15. CLARIAS SUBMARGINATUS. Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1882, p. 74; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1079. Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length, length of head 4 to 5 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 24 to 3 times as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, slightly encroaching on occipital process ; eye very small, 3 times in length of snout, 7 times in inter- orbital width, which equals width of mouth and } length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 44 or 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth 246 SILURID. conical, forming a curved band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel about % or ? length of head, maxillary 1% to 14, outer mandibular once, inner mandibular 2. Gill-rakers very few, 10 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 75-84, its distance from occipital process ? length of head, its distance from caudal equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Anal 60-70, also separated from the caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine very feebly serrated on outer side and about 2 the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark brown, lighter beneath; a dark, light-edged curved band on the caudal. Total length 210 millim. Cameroon.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-2, 3-6. Ad. Ja River at Bitye, S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). Clarias neumanni, Hilgendorf, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 409, from the Guassa Nyiro R., flowing into the Nguruman Salt-lake, Brit. East Africa, described from an imperfect stuffed specimen, appears to be nearly related to C. suémarginatus, but the vomerine teeth form a broader band in the middle. 16. CLARIAS LIOCEPHALUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 24, pl. vii. fig. 2, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 257 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1079. Depth of body 5} to 7 times in total length, length of head 43 or 5 times. Head 14-14 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process angular; fontanelle feebly distinct, occipital in advance of occipital process; eyes small, 3 times in length of snout, 5 to 6 times in inter- orbital width; width of mouth equal to interorbital width, } length of head; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is about as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel $ to # length of head ; maxillary barbel as long as head or a little longer, extending to middle or extremity of pectoral; outer mandibular barbel about 1+ length of inner, which measures 2 to % length of head. 13 to 15 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 70-72, its distance from occipital process 2 or # length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. Anal 50-58, not reaching caudal. Pectoral about 4+ length of head, the spine feeble, not serrated, about 4 the CLARIAS. 247 length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal } length of head. Uniform blackish brown. Total length 140 millim. Lake Tanganyika ; Upper Ubanghi. Clarias locephalus, Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 1-2. Types. L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. H. S. Moore (C.). 3. Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 17. CLARIAS BREVICEPS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 135, pl. xlviii. fig. 6 (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 258, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1080. Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 45 to 5 times. Head 1§ times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular ; fontanelles small, the frontal sole-shaped and nearly 4 length of head, the occipital oval and partly on the occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 3 times in length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to interorbital width, + length of head; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 length of head; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, extending to extremity of pectoral ; outer mandibular barbel about 14 length of inner, which measures 248 SILURID_E. 3 length of head. 20 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 58-60, its distance from the occipital process } length of head, its distance from caudal greater than diameter of eye. Anal 40-42, not Fig. 205. reaching caudal. Pectoral about } length of head, the spine not serrated, about # the length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal 5 length of head. Uniform blackish brown above, brownish white beneath. Clarias breviceps. Type (A. M.C.). §. Total length 190 millim. Mayombe, West Africa.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Marshes of Siala Ntoto, Mayombe. Major Cabra (C.). 18. CLARIAS WALKERI. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 274, pl. xiv. fig. B ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1080. Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above, or very finely granulate behind ; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle small, sole-shaped ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of or slightly encroaching upon occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 6 to 8 times in interorbital width, which nearly equals width of mouth and is contained twice in length of head ; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is about as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 2 to # length of head; maxillary barbel 14 to 2 times as long as head, reaching extremity of pectoral or base of ventral; inner mandibular barbel a little shorter than nasal, + to 2 length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch widely set, 12 to 15 in number. Clayicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal CLARIAS. 249 70-80, its distance from occipital process 4 to $ length of head, separated from caudal by an interspace at least as great as diameter of eye. Anal 52-60, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral } to 3 length of Clarias walkeri. Type. }. head, the spine feebly serrated on both sides, $ the length of the fin. Ventrals 13 to 12 times as distant from base of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about 4 to 2 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath; dorsal and anal with a lighter edge. Total length 290 millim. South Cameroon to Ogowe. 1. Type. Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 2-3, 4-5. Ad. Ghgr. Sette Cama, Gaboon. 6. Ad. Gaboon. 7-9. Her. & yg. Corisco Id. Miss Kingsley (C.). 10. Ad. Benito R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 11-14. Ad., hgr.,&yg. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. 15. Her. Zima County, ,, i. 16-17. Her. & yg. Ja R., =; As 19. CLARIAS LONGIOR. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 51, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1081, fig. Depth of body 8 to 9 times in total length, length of head 5 to 53 times. Head extremely depressed, 11 times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process very short, pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, about 3 times as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 24 times in length of snout, 5 or 54 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 3 length of head ; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; 250 SILURID 4. vomerine teeth granular, forming a curved band which is as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel $ to ? length of head, maxillary 13 to 14 times, outer mandibular once, inner mandibular ? to 3. Gill- rakers very few, 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 80, its distance from occipital process 3 to 3 length of head, its distance from caudal equal to diameter of eye. Anal 70-73, Fig. 207. Clarvas longior. Type (P. Z. 8. 1907). 3 2° nearly reaching caudal. Pectoral 2? to 2 length of head, the spine smooth and about % the length of the fin. Ventral 14 to 1# times as distant from base of caudal and from end of snout. Caudal 2 length of head. Dark brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 225 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Kribi R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 2. Type. Lobi R. » 20. CLARIAS ANGOLENSIS. Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 766, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 7; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 259 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1082. Clarias gabonensis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 111, and (6) xvii. 1896, p. 274. . Clarias dolloi, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 311. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 3} to 4% times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth or finely striated and CLARIAS. 251 finely granulate ; occipital process angular or rounded, as long as broad or broader than long ; frontal fontanelle oval or sole-shaped, twice as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle smaller, extending on the occipital process in the young; eye small, its diameter 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 41 to 6 times in interorbital width, which, like the width of the mouth, is about 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth nearly 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical or subgranular, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is about as broad as the pre- maxillary band and may bear a short posterior process ; nasal barbel nearly as long as head; maxillary barbel 13 to 1% times length of head, Fig. 208. Clarias angolensis. 3. Type, after Steindachner (1. ¢.). reaching beyond pectoral, sometimes as far as ventral; inner mandibular barbel a little shorter than nasal, 32 or 3 length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch fine, not very closely set, 25 to 30 in number. Clavicles exposed, striated or feebly granulated. Dorsal 70-82, its distance from occipital process } or 4 length of head, very narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 55-63, narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral $ length of head, the spine serrated on both sides, # to = the length of the fin. Ventrals nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal about 4 length of head. Uniform dark brown or black, with more or less distinct light dots. Total length 350 millim. Lagos, Niger Delta, Cameroon, Gaboon, Congo, Angola.—Type in Vienna Museum. Tha! Wee Odo Omi, head-water of Omi R., Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Lagos. 2. Her Sapelle, Niger Delta. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3. Her. Assay, BS 4 =) ORS 292 SILURID&. 4. Type of Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). C. gabonensis. 5. Ad. as 35 6. Her. Sette Cama, Gaboon. 7. Her. Komadekke, Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 8-10. Yg. Boma, Low. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). alle Vee Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht Museum (E.). 12. Her. Leopoldville. Drs. Dutton, Christy, and Todd (C.). 13. Skel. L. Leopold II., Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 14-15. Ad. Bikoro, L. Tumba, ,, " 16. Ad. Monsembe, a5 Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 17-19. Types of 5 i ie C. dolloi. 20. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. PAN NC Lindi R., Upp. Congo. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 22. Her. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 21. CLARIAS BYTHIPOGON. Clarias buthupogon, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1878, p. 96; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 275; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 261 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1082. Clarias gabonensis (non Giinth.), Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 39, pl. i. fig. 2. Bee camerunensis, Linnb. Overs. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh. 1895, p. 192. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4} times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above, or very finely granulate behind; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle small, sole-shaped; occipital fontanelle smaller, partly on the occipital process; eye small, its diameter 2} times in length of snout, 4 or 5 times in interorbital width, which nearly equals width of mouth and is contained twice in length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as or narrower than the preemaxillary band ; nasal barbel as long as or a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 2 to 24 times as long as head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; inner mandibular barbel at least as long as head, about 2 length of outer. 17-22 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 78-87, its distance from occipital process ? or 4 length of head, CLARIAS. 253 almost in contact with caudal. Anal 55-67, almost in contact with caudal. Pectoral 4 to 2 length of head, the spine serrated on both sides, Clarias bythipogon. Ogowe. 3. 3 to? the length of the fin. Ven- trals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal 4 or nearly 3 length of head. Olive-brown above, whitish beneath; anal fin with a dark edge. Total length 230 millim. Old Calabar to Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. Old Calabar, Miss Kingsley (C.). 2-4. Ad. &hgr. Assobam, BumbaR.,S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Hsq. (C.). 5-6. Ad. &hgr. | Kondo-kondo, Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 7,8. Ad. &hgr. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Gresshoff (C.) ; Utrecht Museum (E.). 9. Ad. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 10-11. Ye. Lindi R., = M. M. Storms (C.); Brussels Museum (P.). 22. CLARIAS ALLUAUDI. Clarias microphthalmus (non Pfeff.), Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 19035, p- 176. Clarias alluaudi, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 437, Fish. Nile, p- 296, pl. liii. fig. 2 (1907), and Proe. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1083. Depth of body 5% to 64 times in total length, length of head 4 to 44 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above ; occipital process acutely pointed, longer than broad ; frontal fontaneile twice as long as broad, about 4 times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle small, extending on occipital process; eye 2 or 24 times in length of snout, 4 or 5 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little less 254 SILURID 2, ow than interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth about 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is longer and a little broader than the band of premaxillary teeth ; nasal barbel as long as or a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 1} to 1% times length of head, reaching ventral or between pectoral and ventral; outer mandibular barbel 14 to 14 times as long as inner and about 14 length of head. Gill-rakers moderate, 14 or 15 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-78, Fig. 210. Clarias alluaudi. Type (F.N.). 2. its distance from occipital process about + length of head, extending to root of caudal. Anal 55-62, extending to root of caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, the spine serrated on both sides and about 2 the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about 4 as long as head. Blackish brown above, lighter brown beneath. Total length 230 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Kavirondo Bay. M. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 2. Type. Entebbe. Mr. BE. Degen (C.). 3-4. Types. Bunjako. 5 23. CLARIAS WHRNERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 569; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exy. 1, 1906, p. 1135, pl. iv.; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 297, pl. liii. fig. 3 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1084. Depth of body 63 to 8 times in total length, length of head 44 to 5 times. Head about 13 times as long as broad, smooth or very feebly CLARIAS. 255 2 granulate above; occipital process angular, not longer than broad; frontal fontanelle more or less distinctly sole-shaped, 14 to 2 times as long as broad, its length 4 to 5 times in that of the head; occipital fontanelle as large or a little smaller, oval or elliptic, partly on occipital process ; eye 2 to 3 times in length of snout, 5 or 6 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth 3 to 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as or a little Fig. 211. Clarias wernert. Type (F.N.). 4. narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel nearly once to once and 4 length of head; maxillary barbel 1} to 2 times length of head, reaching extremity of pectoral or beyond; outer mandibular barbel about 14 times as long as inner and equal to or longer than head. Gill-rakers moderate, 16-18 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 82-91, its distance from occipital process nearly 4 length of head, in contact with or very narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 68-72, in contact with or very narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral nearly 4 length of head, the spine very feebly serrated on the outer border and about # the length of the fin. Ventral 13 to 1? times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about 4 as long as head. Blackish brown above, lighter beneath. Total length 230 millim. Uganda. 1. Type. Near Gondokoro. Dr. F. Werner (P.). 2-7. Ad. & yg. Mpologoma R., L. Kioia. Dr. E. Bayon (C.). 8-10. Types. Bunjako, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 11. Type. Buganga, . 5 12. Type. Munyonyo, ,, % 13. Ad. Buddu coast of L. Victoria. Mr. M. Simon (C.). 256 SILURID#. @ 24. CLARIAS MACROMYSTAX. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 17 (1864) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1084, fig. Depth of body 6% times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head 13 as long as broad, finely granulate above; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle oval, not quite twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye small, its diameter 3 times in length of snout, 54 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth only 3 times as long as broad; yomerine teeth Fig. 212. f | | Clarias macromystax. Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 2. | } mostly granular, forming a large fan-shaped patch the longitudinal diameter of which exceeds the width of the premaxillary band; nasal barbel as long as head; maxillary barbel 1} length of head, reaching nearly to base of ventral; inner mandibular barbel nearly as long as nasal, % length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch not closely set, 16 in number. Clavicles exposed, striated. Dorsal 80, its distance from occipital process ¢ length of head, very narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 63, very narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine strongly serrated CLARIAS, 257 * on both sides, 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal } length of head. Dark brown. Total length 205 millim. Gambia. 1. Type. Gambia. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 25. CLARIAS DUMERILII. Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 766, pl. xiii. fig. 8, & pl. xiv. fig. 5; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1085. Depth of body 6 to 73 times in total length, length of head 4 to 44 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad, smooth above; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, about twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, usually extending on the occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 3 times in length of snout, 6 or 7 times in interorbital width, which, like the width of the mouth, measures 3 length of head; band of preemaxillary teeth 4 times as long Clarias dumerilii. 5 $° Type, after Steindachner (J. ¢.). as broad; vomerine teeth conical or subgranular, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is a little narrower than the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel % to # length of head; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, reaching middle or end of pectoral fin ; inner mandibular barbel 4 to } length of head, about 3 length of outer. Gill-rakers on first arch not closely set, 12 to 15 in number. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 66-72, its distance from occipital process about 4 length of head, narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 49-55. Pectoral } to 2 length of head, the spine serrated on both VOL. II. s 258 S{LURIDA, sides, about 3 the length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal about $ length of head. Uniform dark brown. Total length 155 millim. Angola, Old Calabar.—Types in Vienna Museum. 1-5. Ad. Angola. Dr. Welwitsch (P.). 6. Ad. Fort Don Carlos I., Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 7. Ad. Okwoga, Cross R, R.D.Gard’ner, Esq. (P.). 26. CLARLAS LIBERTENSIS. Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 54; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p- 1086. Clarias bulume, Steind, t. e. p. 55, Depth of body 5 to 63 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4} times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth or very finely granulate above; occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle small, sole-shaped ; occipital fontanelle smaller, just in advance of occipital process ; eye very small, its diameter 8 times in length of snout, 7 or 8 Fig. 214. Clarias liberiensis. Sierra Leone. }. times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and is contained twice in length of head ; band of preemaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical or sunbgranular, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the praemaxillary band ; nasal barbel ? to $ length of head ; maxillary barbel a little longer (up to 13) than head, reaching nearly to end of pectoral fin ora little beyond ; inner mandibular barbel as long as nasal, little shorter than outer. About 20 gill-rakers on the first arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 60-68, its distance from occipital process ? length of head, almost in contact with caudal. Anal 44-45, almost in contact with caudal. Pectoral nearly } length of head, the spine feebly serrated CLARIAS. 259 on both sides, # or ? the length of the fin. Ventrals much nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal nearly % length of head. Olive- brown. Total length 220 millim. Sierra Leone, Liberia, S. Cameroon, Benito River.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1. Ad. Sierra Leone. 2, 3. Ad. & hgr. Efulen, S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 4, Skel. - = 3 5-6. Ad. Benito R. 27. CLARIAS PACHYNEMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. Hl. (7) xii. 1903, p. 438, and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p- 1086, fig. Fig. 215. Clarias pachynema. Type (P. Z. S. 1907). Depth of body 6} to 7 times in total length, length of head 42 to 5 times. Head 12 to 1} times as long as broad, smooth or very feebly granulate; occipital process acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, about twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye very small, 3 to 4 times in length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width, which equals about 2 length of head and exceeds width of mouth; band of pre- maxillary teeth 2} to 3 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical, forming a short curved band which, in the middle, is as broad as the premaxillary band; barbels thick and papillose at the base; nasal $2 260 SILURID&. barbel 3 to # length of head, maxillary 14 to 14 times, outer mandibular 14 to 1} times, inner mandibular $ to ¢. Gill-rakers few, about 15 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 92-95, its distance from occipital process 2 to } length of head. Anal 78-80. Dorsal and anal extending to root of caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, its spine feebly serrated on both sides and 2 to # the length of the fin. Ventrals about once and 2 as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark olive-brown above, yellowish beneath. Total length 255 millim. South Cameroon. 1-3. Types. Ja R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 4-6, 7-9. Ad., hgr., & yg. 10-11. Ad. & her. 3 12. Her. Nyong R. 99 ” 28. CLARIAS LAXVICEPS. Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 139; Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1882, p. 318, pl. v. fig. 2; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, i. p. 200, and 1907, p. 1087, fig. Clarias kingsleye, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1902, ii. p. 334. Depth of body 83 to 12 times in total length, length of head 5 to 54 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, about twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye Clarias leviceps. Cameroon (P. Z. 8.1907). 4. very small, 5 to 4 times in length of snout, 6 to 7 times in interorbital width, which equals 3 length of head and a little exceeds width of mouth ; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical, forming a curved band which is as broad as or a little narrower than the premaxillary band; barbels moderately thick, nasal 3 to 2 length of head, maxillary 14 to 12 times, outer mandibular CLARIAS. 261 once, inner mandibular 2. Gill-rakers few, 15 to 20 on first arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 79-87, its distance from occipital process 4 to % length of nead. Anal 68-78. Dorsal and anal extending almost to the very root of the caudal. Pectoral 2 to % length of head, spine feebly serrated on outer side and % to ? the length of the fin. Ventrals 14 to 1% times as far from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 to length of head. Uniform dark brown above, light brown beneath, in spirit. Total length 270 millim. Gold Coast, Cameroon.—Type (U.S. Nat. Mus ) examined. 1. Type of Odumasi, Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.); C. kingsleye. Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 2. Type of Tnfoan, R. Offin, Gold Coast. “6 C. kingsleye. 3-6, 7. Ad. Kribi R., S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8. Ad. Lobi R., 35 e 29. CLARIAS BUETTIKOFERL. Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 53. Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head nearly 13 as long as broad, nearly smooth above; occipital process pointed; eye very small, about 6 times in interorbital width, which is a little more than 4 length of head; width of mouth 4 length of head ; vomerine teeth obtusely conical, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel reaching middle of pectoral; maxillary barbel extending a little beyond end of pectoral. Dorsal 55, anal 50, the last ray completely adnate to the caudal. Pectoral a little more than 3} length of head; spine short, serrated on the inner edge only. Dark reddish brown. Total length 155 millim. Liberia. Only known from the description quoted above. The type specimen, Iam informed by Mlle. Dr. Popta, is not to be found in the Leyden Museum, which is supposed to contain the types of the fishes discovered by Dr. Bittikofer. 30. CLARIAS AMPLEXICAUDA. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 36, pl. x. fig. 2 (1902), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1088. Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head 262 SILURID &. 1+ times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process very short and forming a very open angle; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, + length of head; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye 4 length of snout, } interorbital width, which is a little less than 2 length of head and equals width of mouth; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which is as broad as the premaxillary band; nasal barbel # length of head*. Gill-rakers rather long, 15 on anterior arch. Clavicles feebly striated and covered with a thin skin. Dorsal 80, its distance from occipital process 2 length of head. Anal 65. Both dorsal and anal embracing root of Fig. 217. Clarias amplearcauda: Type(A.M.©.). 3. caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, its spine serrated on both sides - and measuring } the length of the fin. Ventrals once and } as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal a little more than $ length of head. Blackish brown above, a little lighter beneath. Total length 155 miilim. Upper Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 31. CLARIAS THEODORA. M. Weber, Zool. Jahirb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 150; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p- 1089. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 4} to 54 times. Head 1? or 1} timesas long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular, broader than long ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, twice as long as broad and 4 length of head ; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process ; eye very small, 3 times in length of snout, 5 to 6 times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and a little less than * The other barbels are mutilated in the single known specimen. CLARIAS. 263 z length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical, forming a curved band which is as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 2 to # length of head ; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, as long as outer mandibular. 14 gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles feebly striated, distinct under the skin. Dorsal 80-90, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head. Anal 67-73. Dorsal and anal embracing base of caudal. Fig. 218. = > SSS Clariag theodov'e. Umfulosi. 4. Pectoral about 4 length of head, its spine feebly serrated on the outer side, strongly on the inner and measuring } to 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals 13 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about § length of head. Greenish grey to blackish. Total length 180 millim. Natal, Zululand, Rhodesia.—Type in Amsterdam University Museum, 1. Ad. Umfulosi, Zululand. Dr. EK. Warren (P.). 32. CLARIAS FOULONI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 644, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p- 1089, fig. Depth of body 6% times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process angular ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, + length of head, twice as long as occipital 2 fontanelle, which is in advance of occipital process; eye 3 times in 264 SILURID&. length of snout, 5 times in interorbital width, which is about 4 length of head and equals width of mouth; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming a crescentic band which, in the middle, is a little broader than the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 3, maxillary #, outer mandibular ? length of head. Gill- rakers about 20 on anterior arch. Clavicles concealed under the skin. Dorsal 83, its distance from occipital process $ length of head. Fig. 219. Clarias foulont. Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 2. Anal 68. Both dorsal and anal embracing root of caudal. Pectoral 2 Jength of head, its spine serrated on inner side only and measuring ? the length of the fin. Ventrals 1} times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal nearly } length of head. Blackish brown, belly paler brown. Total length 200 millim. Lake Bangwelu. 1. Type. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq., & Father Foulon (P.). 33. CLARIAS SALA. Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. iii. 1881, p. 68; Steind. op. cit. xvi. 1894, p. 525 Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1099, fig. Depth of body 9 to 12 times in total length, length of head 5 to 6 times. Head about 1} times as long as broad, finely granulate above; occipital process short, rounded or obtusely pointed ; frontal CLARIAS. 265 fontanelle oval or sole-shaped, about twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye small, its diameter 21 to 3 times in length of snout, 4 to 5} times in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth and ? length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad ; yomerine teeth conical, Clarias sale. Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 4. forming a crescentic band which is nearly as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel § length of head; maxillary barbel a little longer than head, reaching end of pectoral ; inner mandibular barbel 2 length of head, nearly ? length of outer. Gill-rakers few, 8 to 10 on first arch. Clavicles distinct under the thin skin, striated. Dorsal 89-93, its distance from occipital process 2 to 2 length of head. Anal 70-78. Dorsal and anal connected with base of caudal by a narrow membrane. Pectoral $ length of head, the spine strongly serrated on both sides, # the length of the fin. Ventrals nearly twice as far from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 2 length of head. Blackish brown or dark green above, with or without small yellowish spots. Total length 360 millim. Reaches to 455 millim. Liberia.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1-2. Two of the types. Liberia. Dr. Biittikofer (C.). 266 SILURID&. 2. ALLABENCHELYS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 234, and 1907, p. 1091. Characters of Clarias, but casque less developed, the sides of the head naked, only the postorbital shield being present. Dorsal and anal reaching caudal. Vertebre 68-70. Two species :— Depth of body 7-83 times, head 5-53 times in total length ; ventrals 14-12 as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; D. 65-75, A. 60-65. 1. A. brevior, p. 266. Depth of body 9-12 times, head 53-6 times in total length; ventrals 1{-2 as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; D. 80-90, A. 60-75. 2. A. longicauda, p. 267. 1. ALLABENCHELYS BREVIOR. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 439, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p- 1091, fig. Depth of body 7 to 8} times in total length, length of head 5 to 5} times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad, smooth above, the bony casque, in the middle of the head, about $ width of head; postorbital bone narrow; occipital process acutely pointed; a small frontal fontanelle ; occipital fontanelle a little smaller, partly on occipital nea process; eye very small, 23 to 3 times ad We a in length of snout, 5 to 6 times in inter- orbital width, which is ? length of head ; band of preemaxillary teeth 3 to 4 times as long as broad; vomerine feeth conical or subgranular, forming a _ crescentic band which is as broad as or a little Allabenchelys brevior. Type (P. Z. 8. 1907). 3. broader than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 3 to $ length of head; maxillary barbel as long as or a little shorter than head, not reaching beyond middle of pectoral fin; outer mandibular barbel % to ¢ ALLABENCHELYS. 267 length of head, inner } to 3. Gill-rakers moderately long, 10 to 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 65-75, its distance from occipital process 3 to 2 length of head. Anal 60-65. Both dorsal and anal narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral about + length of head, its spine feebly serrated on both sides and } to § the length of the fin. Ventrals 1} to 1% times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 to 2 length of head. Olive- brown above, yellowish beneath; anal with a light edge. Total length 205 millim. South Cameroon. 1-2. Types. Ja R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 3-4. Ad. rp 3 5. Skel. i 3 6-9. Ad. & hgr. Nyong R. 3 2. ALLABENCHELYS LONGICAUDA. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 234, pl. xxii. fig. 1, and 1907, p. 1092. Depth of body 9 to 12 times in total length, length of head 5} to 6 Fig. 222. times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above, the bony casque, in the middle of the head, 4 width of head; postorbital bone narrow ; occipital process acutely pointed; a small frontal fontanelle ; occipital fentanelle very in- distinct ; eye very small, 3 to 4 times in Allabenchelys lonyicauda. Type (PB. Z. 8. 1902). 2. oO length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width, which is not quite 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth conical or subgranular, forming a crescentic 268 SILURID&. band which is as broad as or a little broader than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel $ to # length of head; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, reaching middle or extremity of pectoral fin ; outer mandibular barbel 2 to once length of head, inner mandibular 2 to 3. Gill-rakers moderately long, 10 to 12 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 80—90, its distance from the occipital process 2 to 3 length of head. Anal 60-75. Both dorsal and anal very narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral 4 to 2 length of head, spine smooth or slightly serrated. Ventrals 1? to 2 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about } length of head. Dark olive-brown above, whitish beneath, anal with a light edge; an ill-defined, dark, light-edged crescentic band on the caudal. Total length 280 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Ja R. G. LL. Bates, Esq. (C.). 2, 3-4. Ad. - 4 5. Skel. = 3 6, 7. Ad. Kribi R. % 8. Ad. Zima Country. - 3. CLARIALLABES. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. 1900, p. 136, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 262 (1901), and Proe. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1092. Differs from the preceding in the eye being without free border. Dorsal and anal united with caudal. Ventrals small. Vertebre 76. A single species. 1. CLARIALLABES MELAS. Clarias melas, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xix. 1887, p. 148. Clariallabes melas, Bouleng. ll. cc. and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. pl. xxii. fig. 2, and 1907, p. 1093. Depth of body 10 to 11 times in total length, length of head 6 times. Head 1} times as long as broad, smooth, the bony casque, in the middle, about $ width of head; occipital process acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, twice and 4 as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, oval, partly on occipital process; eye very small, its diameter 4 times in length of snout, 7 times in interorbital width, which CLARIALLABES, 269 = is 4 length of head and a little less than width of mouth; band of premaxillary teeth hardly 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth pointed, forming a crescentic band which is a little narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel 2 to 2 length of head; maxillary barbel nearly as long as head; inner mandibular barbel 3 to # length of head, outer nearly as long as head. Gill-rakers moderately long, 12 to 15 on anterior arch. Clavicles scarcely distinguishable under the skin. Clariallabes melas. Type. 4. Dorsal 105-115, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head. Anal 88-90. Both dorsal and anal united with caudal, which measures % length of head. Pectoral nearly } length of head, its spine serrated on both edges and about § the length of the fin. Ventral J? to 2 times distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Uniform blackish brown. Total length 260 millim. Lower Congo. 1. Type. Lower Congo. M. F. Hens (C.). 2. Her. Congo? 3. Skel. 2 270 SILURIDA. 4. GYMNALLABES. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 111; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1093. Degraded, anguilliform Clarias, with the sides of the head unpro- tected by bone, even the postorbital shield being absent, the pectoral and ventral fins very small, no free border to the eye, and the dorsal and anal completely united with the caudal. A single species. 1. GYMNALLABES TYPUS. Ginth. |. c. pl. ii. fig. A; Bouleng. 1. c. Depth of body 14 to 15 times in total length, length of head 74 to 83 times. Head about 12 times as long as broad, the width of the bony part, in the middle, + to + width of head; occipital process acutely pointed ; eye very small; interorbital width less than width of mouth, about 3 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 3 to 3} times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth pointed, forming a crescentic band which is narrower than the premaxillary band; a much developed lobe at the angle of the mouth; nasal barbel 3 to ~ length of head; maxillary Gymnallabes ty pus. Type, after Giinther (1. ¢.). 4. barbel a little longer than head ; inner mandibular barbel % to ? length of head, outer a little shorter than head. Gill-rakers moderately long, 10 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 98-110, its distance from occipital process 2 to # length of head. Anal 82-88. Dorsal and anal completely united with caudal, which is 3 to 3 length of head. Pectoral 3 to $ length of head, with a very short smooth spine. Ventral 2 to 24 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout. Uniform blackish brown, lighter brown on the belly. Total length 230 millim. Lower Niger and Old Calabar. 1-2. Types. Old Calabar. 3. Ad. Ossomari, 8. Nigeria. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). GYMNALLABES.—CHANNALLABES. 271 Under the name of G. typus, forma heterocercalis, Lénnberg, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockholm, 1895, p. 184, has noticed a fish from Cameroon which differs from Giinther’s description and figure in the somewhat turned up caudal fin, giving it a heterocercal appearance, and in having the pectoral spine serrated on both sides, 5. CHANNALLABES. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) xii. 1873, p. 143 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 263 (1901), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1094. Closely allied to the preceding, but still more degraded and eel- shaped; pectoral fin rudimentary or absent, ventrals absent. Vertebrz 107. A single species. 1. CHANNALLABES APUS. Gymnallabes apus, Giinth. t. c. p. 142. Channallabes apus, Bouleng. ll. cc. pp. 264 and 1094, fig. Body extremely elongate and serpentiform; length of head 10 to 14 times in total length. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad ; occipital process acutely pointed ; a sole- shaped frontal fontanelle ; an oval occipital fontanelle, partly on the occipital process ; eye extremely small, nearly hidden under the skin in the adult; band of pre- maxillary teeth 3 times as long as broad ; Fig. 225. Channallabes apus. Type (P. Z. 8.1907). 3. yomerine teeth pointed, forming a crescentic band which is a little narrower; nasal barbel ® to # length of head; maxillary barbel as long as head or slightly shorter; inner mandibular barbel a little shorter than the nasal, outer mandibular a little shorter than the 272 SILURID. maxillary. Gill-rakers moderately long, 9 to 10 on anterior arch. Dorsal 140-150, separated from occipital process by a space equal to or greater than length of head. Anal 125-150. Dorsal and anal completely united with caudal. Pectoral absent or reduced to a minute rudiment without spine. No trace of ventral. Vent at the anterior fourth of the total length. Uniform dark brown or black. Total length 310 millim. Congo and Angola. 1. Type. Ambriz, Angola. J.J. Monteiro, Esq. (C.). 2. Ad. Siala Ntoto, Mayombe. Major Cabra (C.). 3-5. Her. Lower Congo. M. F. Hens (C.). 6. Yg. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 7. Skel. i$ y 3 8. Ad. New Antwerp, Upp. Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 9. Ad. Stanley Falls, 5 Rey. W. H. Bentley (C.). 10. Hgr. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 11, Ad. Congo ? 6. HETEROBRANCHUS. Geoffr. Deser. Egypte, Poiss. (1809), part. ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 21 (1864); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 265 (1901), Fish. Nile, p. 300 (1907), and Proe. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1094. Distinguished from Clarias by the division of the dorsal fin into two parts, the posterior adipose and supported by the prolongations of the neural spines. Vertebree 60-65. Three species from Africa, and one from the Malay Archipelago. Synopsis of the Species. D. 38-45; adipose fin 2-3 length of rayed dorsal; pectoral not more than } length of _ - head ; 20-30 gill-rakers on anterior arch. 1, H. bidorsalis, I. Geoffr., p. 273. D. 29-34 ; adipose fin as long as or a little shorter than rayed dorsal ; pectoral not more than 3 length of head; 20-30 gill- rakers on anterior arch . =. . . . «2. A. longifilis, C. & V., p. 274. D. 30-32; adipose fin as long as or a little shorter than rayed dorsal; pectoral 3 length of head; 18-20 gill-rakers on anterior lel tubes: talline die) = Weslaco yl tasoptenus, Bile pens HETEROBRANCHUS. 273 1. HETEROBRANCHUS BIDORSALIS. I. Geoffr. Deser. Egypte, Poiss. p. 305, pl. xvi. figs. 2 & 5, & pl. xvii. figs. 8 & 9 (1827) ; Giinth. Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 220 (1869) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 300, pl. liv. fig. 1 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1907, p. 1095. Heterobranchus geoffroyi, Guy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 392 (1840). Heterobranchus senegalensis, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 397 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. 1869, p. 980. Heterobranchus intermedius, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 22 (1864), and I. c. Depth of body 6 to 9 times in total length, length of head 2# to 3} times. Head very strongly depressed, 1} to 14 times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process pointed, sometimes very obtusely; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 3 to 4 times as long as broad, 3 to 5 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye 3 (young) to 63 times in length of snout, 6 to 103 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth about 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth also villiform, forming a Fig. 226. cee TST pee Heterobranchus bidorsalis. White Nile (F. N.). 4. crescentic band which is 14 to 14 times as broad as the premaxillary band and may have a small central posterior process ; nasal barbel 3 to once length of head; maxillary barbel $ to 1} times length of head, extending to extremity of pectoral or between this point and root of ventral; outer mandibular barbel 1;/5 to 14 times as long as inner, which measures 1 to 13 times length of head. Gill-rakers rather short, 20 to 30 on anterior arch. Dorsal 38-45, its distance from occipital process 4/5 to § length of head ; adipose dorsal 2 to 3 as long as, as deep as or lower than, and commencing immediately behind, rayed dorsal, extending to base of caudal. Anal 50-57, extending to base of caudal. Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head, the spine smooth VOL, II. T 274 SILURIDA. and measuring # to } the length of the fin. Ventral midway between end of snout and base of caudal, or a little nearer the latter. Caudal 2 to } length of head. Dark olive above, whitish beneath ; a dull orange or red edge to the dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins. Total length 770 millim. ; grows to 1220. Nile, Chad Basin, Senegal, Niger.—Type (Paris Museum) apparently lost. 1, 2. Types of Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). LT. intermedius. 3. Skel. t. - 4,5. Ad. & hgr. Goz Shebesha, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 6. Her. Goz abu Gumah, __,, PP 7. Ad., head. oe se a 8. Her. Fashoda, . Bs 9. Her. R. Shari-wasu at Maidugari. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 10. Ad., head. Shari. ~ 11-13. Ad. & her. Kaédi, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 14-15. Ad. & her. Niger. W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). 2. HETEROBRANCHUS LONGIFILIS. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 394, pl. eecexlvii. (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p- 22 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 221 (1869); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 303, pl. liv. fig. 2 (1907), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1095. Heterobranchus laticeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682, and Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 37, pl. vil. fig. 1 (1868); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 265 (1901). Depth of body 6 to 8 times in total length, length of head 3 to 32 times. Head less strongly depressed than in the preceding species, 14 to 12 times as long as broad, its upper surface coarsely granulate in the adult ; occipital process acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 24 to 4 times as long as broad, 55 to 64 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye 24 (very young) to 43 times in length of snout, 4 to 9 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth 5 to 6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth also villiform, forming a crescentic band, which is nearly as broad as or a little broader than premaxillary band; nasal barbel } to once length of head; maxillary barbel 1} to 2 times length of head, extending to end of pectoral or between this point and origin of anal; outer mandibular barbel 15 to 1} times as long as inner, which measures } to nearly once length of head. Gill-rakers rather short, 20 to 30 on anterior arch. HETEROBRANCHUS. 275 Dorsal 29-34, its distance from occipital process 7 to % length of head ; adipose dorsal as long as or a little shorter and lower than rayed dorsal, commencing immediately behind or at a short distance from the latter. Anal 44-54, extending, like the adipose dorsal, to the base of the caudal fin. Pectoral 2 to + length of head, the spine feebly serrated on the outer border and measuring 4 (young) to $ the length of the fin. Ventral midway between end of snout and base of caudal, or a little nearer the latter. Caudal $ to ? length of head. Olive above, white beneath, sometimes with scattered black blotches; dorsal and anal fins pale olive, darker towards the edge, which may be margined with red; caudal fin yellowish or pale orange at the base, with a more or less distinct blackish crescentic band, sharply defined in front, shading off to yellow or red behind ; adipose dorsal fin often blackish at the end. Total length 720 millim. Nile, Omo, Niger, Congo, Zambesi.—Type in Paris Museum. Fig. 227. Heterobranchus longifilis. Luxor (F.N.). 1. Vg Gap. Nile. 2. Her. Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 3. Skel. 5 5 4-9. Yo. Between Luxor and Assuan. 4 10. Ye. Assuan. i, 11-12. Yg. Kosheh, Nubia. a ae Whee Khartum. J. Petherick, Hsq. (C.). 14, Ad. Cojeb R. (Omo), 2500 ft. Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.). ; W.N. MacMillan, Hsq. (P.). 15. Her. Ergino R. (Omo), 3000 ft. 3 16. Her. Orah R., Lagos. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 17-22. Yg. Aghberi, S. Nigeria. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 23. Ye. Kasai district, Congo. M. De Meuse (C.). 24,25. Ad.&yg. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). g 2 276 SILURIDA. 3. HETEROBRANCHUS ISOPTERUS. Bleek. Nat. Verh. Wet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 108, pl. xxii. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. v. p. 23 (1864) ; Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1096. Heterobranchus macronema, Bleek. 1. c. p. 109, pl. xxi. fig. 1. Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length, length of head 33 to 33 times. Head 12 times as long as broad, upper surface finely granulate; occipital process acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle 3 to 4 times as long as broad, 3 to 42 times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital process; eye small, 24 or 3 times in length of snout, 54 or 6 times in interorbital width, which is a little less than 4 length of head; width of mouth } length of head; band of pre- maxillary teeth 5 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth villiform, forming a crescentic band, which is as broad as or a little narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel a little shorter than head ; maxillary barbel 1} to 1} times length of head, extending to extremity of pectoral spine or to base of ventral; inner mandibular barbel 2 length of outer, a little shorter than the nasal. 18-20 gill-rakers on first arch. Dorsal 30-32, its distance from occipital process 4 or + length of head; adipose dorsal as long as or a little shorter, lower than, and commencing a short distance behind, dorsal proper, narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 41-46. Pectoral 2 length of head, the spine feebly serrated on the outer edge and measuring ? the length of the fin. Ventral midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal a little more than 4 length of head. Blackish brown above, whitish beneath ; fins with a narrow yellowish margin. Total length 170 millim. Gold Coast.—Type in Leyden Museum. 1. Her. Nyankoma, Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.); Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 2. Her. Infoan, R. Offin. an 3-4. Yg. W. Africa. ©. Swanzz, Esq. (C.). 7. DINOTOPTERUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 550, and Proc, Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 1097. As in the preceding, but sides of head naked, only the postorbital shield being present, and adipose dorsal fin small, not supported by bony rays. A single species. DINOTOPTERUS. RUT 1. DINOTOPTERUS CUNNINGTONT. Bouleng. ll. ce., Tr. pl. xxxi. Depth of body 73% times in total length, length of head 35 times. Head extremely flattened, 1} times as long as broad, its upper surface covered with very thin skin and rugose with strive radiating from the occipital region; frontal fontanelle large, 2} times as long as broad, 1 length of head; occipital fontanelle very small; a rather long and narrow occipital process; snout broad, truncate, not projecting beyond mouth; eye small, 3 times in length of snout, 7} times in interorbital Fig. 228. Dinotopterus cunningtoni. Adult and young, types (Tr. Z. 8. 1906). Z. width ; nasal barbel 2 length of head; maxillary barbel a little longer than head, reaching posterior third of pectoral; outer mandibular barbels once and $ as long as inner and nearly as long as head. Jaws with bands of minute villiform teeth ; similar teeth form a rather broader crescentic band on the vomer. Gill-rakers very long and slender, closely set, about 110 on anterior arch. Dorsal 53, its distance from occipital process 4 length of head; adipose dorsal low and short, in contact with caudal. Anal 43, separated from caudal by a space equal to twice diameter of eye. Pectoral } length of head; spine rather weak, not 278 SILURIDA. serrated, a little more than half length of fin. Ventral equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Dark brown, almost black, above, pinkish white beneath. Described from a single specimen, 500 millim. long ; the species said to grow to 1290 millim. In a young specimen, 90 millim. long, the head is less depressed and the eyes are proportionally larger. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. Mpala. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 2. Yg. Mbete. 2? 8. PLOTOSUS. Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 129 (1803) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 23 (1864) ; Vaill. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 119. Platystacus, part., Bloch, Ausl. Fische, viii. p. 52 (1793). Body elongate, compressed, tapering to a point behind. A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine; a second long dorsal and a long anal, united with the caudal. Pectoral fin with the outer ray spinous; ventral fin with 12 to 14 rays. Head feebly depressed; four pairs of barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mandibulars. Kye with free orbital margin. Jaws with a band of obtusely conical teeth ; a group of large granular teeth on the vomer. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus, deeply notched in the middle. A dendritic post-anal apparatus. Air-bladder moderately large, free. Vertebre 46-81 (16-19+ 30-62). Brachiostegal rays 11 to 13. Coasts of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, sometimes entering fresh waters. One species has been found in fresh waters in Kast Africa. 1. PLOTOSUS ANGUILLARIS. Silurus, sp. d, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. xvi (1775). Platystacus anguillaris, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, viii. p. 60, pl. ecclxxiii. fig. 1 (1793). Plotosus anguillaris, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 129 (1803); Riipp. N. Wirbelth. Abyss., Fische, p. 76 (1835) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Fish. p. 264 (1850) ; Peters, Arch. f. Nat. 1835, p. 267; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 24 (1864); Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 477, pl. xlvii.a. fig. 1 (1891); Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 29, fig. (1896). Plotosus ikapor, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool. ii. p. 132, pl. xxxi. fig. 3 (1830). Plotosus marginatus, Bennett, Life of Raffles, p. 691 (1830). Plotosus lineatus, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 412 (1840) ; Schleg. Faun. Japon., Poiss. p. 228, pl. civ. fig. 3 (1846). PLOTOSUS.—REUTROPIUS. 279 Plotosus castaneus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. ii. 1851, p. 490. Plotosus arab, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. ii. p. 98, pl. xev. fig. 2 (1862) ; Day, Fish. Ind. p- 483, pl. exii. fig. 4 (1878). Depth of body 6$ to 8 times in total length, length of head 41 to 5 times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting beyond mouth, its length equal to interorbital width ; eye supero-lateral, 5 to 6 times in length of head ; lips papillose; teeth large. Nasal and inner mandibular barbels 3 to } length of head, maxillary and outer mandibular 2 to 2. Gill- rakers rather long, closely set, about 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 4-5, 85-100; anal 70-80; spine strong, serrated in front and Plotosus anguillaris. Indian Ocean (after Day, Fish. Ind.). 3. behind, 4 to } length of head. Pectoral about } length of head, with strong but short spine serrated on both sides. Ventral 1$ to 1% times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Dark brown, usually with two or three bluish-white longitudinal streaks on each side, at least in the young. Total length 250 millim. Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, as far north as Japan. 1-2. Ye. Gulf of Suez. R. MacAndrew, Hsq. (P.). 3-5, 6. Her. & yg. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 7. Her. Rodriguez. G. Gulliver, Esq. (P.). 8. Skel. ? 9. EUTROPIUS. Miill. & Trosch. Hor. Ichthyol. iii. p. 6 (1849) ; Giinth. Cat. Tish. v. p. 52 (1864); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 266 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 306 (1907). Body moderately elongate, strongly compressed, the precaudal region short. Dorsal fin short, with a spine and 5 or 6 branched rays; a very 280 SILURID&. small adipose dorsal fin; anal fin much elongate. Pectoral fin with an outer spinous ray. Ventral fin with six rays, inserted under the dorsal fin or behind the vertical of the latter. Four pairs of barbels—nasal, maxillary, and two mentals or mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated. Eye large, with free border. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a band of villiform vomero-palatine teeth. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large, free. 49-55 vertebree (11-15+36-39). 9 or 10 branchiostegal rays. Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Snout projecting more or less beyond border of mouth. A. Base of dorsal exactly above base of ventrals ; maxillary barbel longer than outer mandibular; spine of dorsal at least as long as head ; pec- toral longer than head, reaching origin of anal ora little beyond ; anal 52-63. 1. E. congolensis, Leach, p. 281. B. Base of dorsal entirely or partly in advance of base of ventrals; spine of dorsal not longer than head ; pectoral not reaching anal. 1, Maxillary barbel longer than outer mandibular. a. Anal with more than 50 rays. Anal 59; pectoral spine feebly serrated on inner side; nasal barbel much longer than eye 6 DAY eho tole e Bee Vcr hoon 8 2. EH. banguelensis, Blgr., p. 282. Anal 54-69 ; pectoral spine strongly serrated on inner side; nasal barbel not longer thanvey6\.> yo. tae, ss) Mopac 3. E. niloticus, Riipp., p. 283. Anal 52-53 ; pectoral spine feebly serrated on inner side ; nasal barbel not longer than EV SPE PMR he BA LIE, Oi, NM 4, E. grenfelli, Blgr., p. 286. b. Anal with not more than 50 rays. Anal 46-50 ; pectoral spine moderately serrated on imuer side, 1% Ve) ee) tee, 0D. ME bersensisStdrewps28te Anal 38-45 ; pectoral spine feebly serrated on botaisides! sey. (2 9. |. SGnen tee Gs naclauwiblon wpe2oee 2, Maxillary barbel not longer than outer mandibular ; anal 52-62. Maxillary barbel longer than the nasal ; caudal peduncle a little deeper thanlong . . . 7. E. mentalis, Blgr., p. 288. Maxillary and nasal barbels subequal . . . 8 E. mandibularis, Gthr., p. 290. EUTROPIUS. 281 IT. Lower jaw extending forward quite as far as the snout, or projecting a little beyond latter ; base of dorsal entirely or partly above that of ventrals. A. Maxillary barbel longer than the outer mandibular ; nasal barbel not longer than eye. Analtoc meee eee oc. eee, OF By bocagi, Guimates p00. B. Maxillary barbel not longer than outer mandibular ; nasal barbel longer than eye. Anal 45; maxillary barbel a little shorter than mandibular ; pectoral reaching ventral . 10. Z. laticeps, Blgr., p. 291. Anal 50-60 ; maxillary barbel not or but little shorter than outer mandibular ; pectoral [p. 291. not reaching ventral . . . . . . . 11. £E. depressirostris, Peters, Anal 63-70; maxillary barbel about half as long as outer mandibular. . . . . . 12. EF. moebii, Pfeff., p. 293. 1. EUTROPIUS CONGOLENSIS. Stlurus congensis, Leach, in Tuckey, Exped. R. Zaire, p. 409 (1818). Eutropius congensis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 52 (1864). Eutropius congolensis, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 268 (1901). Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5 to 6 Fig. 230. Eutropius congolensis. 1 Type. 3. times. Head 1+ to 1} times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting beyond mouth, 2 to 24 times as long as eye in adult, as long as eye in young; eye perfectly lateral, 4 (young) to 7 times in length of head, 282 SILURIDA. 2 (young) to 4 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as or a little broader than the band of pre- maxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 4+ to ? length of head, maxillary barbel 2 to $#; inner mandibular barbel about 4 length of outer, which is inserted behind it and measures about 4 length of head. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, exactly above ventrals, 2 to 24 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, as long as or a little longer than head, produced into a filament. Anal 52-63, 4 or 5 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond, its spine rather feebly serrated on inner side, as long as or a little longer and stronger than that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as ora little longer than deep. Silvery, back brownish ; fins uniform whitish (or pink); a more or less distinct dark blotch on each side above the pectoral fin, corresponding to the thinner skin over the air-bladder ; young sometimes with a dark lateral band. Total length 420 millim. Congo. 1. Type. Lower Congo. Capt. Tuckey (C.). 2. Ad. Yelala, nr. Matadi, L. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 3. Ad. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 4-9, Ad.,hgr.,& yg. Stanley Falls. Rev. W. H. Bentley (C.). 10. Skel. 3? bP) 2. EUTROPIUS BANGUELENSIS, sp. n. Depth of body 32 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond mouth, longer than eye, which is 5 times in length of head and 3 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as the band of praemaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 2 length of head, maxillary 3, inner mandibular 4, outer mandibular 4. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advance of vertical of ventrals, twice as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, the rigid part as long as head, the whole ray 13 times as long as head. Anal 59, 4 anterior rays simple, fourth nearly as long as head. Pectoral reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated on inner side, as long as and EUTROPIUS. 283 but slightly stronger than that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Body and fins uniform brown, back darker. Eutropius banguelensis. Dypes se Total length 300 millim. Lake Bangwelu. 1. Ad. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Bsq. (P.). 3. EUTROPIUS NILOTICUS. HAypophthalmus niloticus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 6, pl. i. fig. 1 (1829). Chilbé zérégé, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciv. no. 4 (1830). Schilbe hasselquistiz, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv: p. 377 (1839). Bagrus schilbeoides, Cuv. & Val. t. ce. p. 389. Bagrus adansonii, Cuy. & Val. t. c. p. 391, pl. eecexiv. Eutropius niloticus, Giinth, Cat. Fish. v. p. 52 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p- 225 (1869) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 306, pl. lv. fig. 1 (1907). Hutropius obtusirostris, Giinth. Cat. t. ¢. p. 53. Eutropius adansonii, Giinth. Cat. t. c. p. 54; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 985, pl. v. Eutropius altipinnis, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 57, pl. i. fig. 1. Depth of body 3 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5 to 6 times. Head 11 to 13 times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye in adult, a 284 SILURIDZ. little shorter in young; eye perfectly lateral, 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 14 (young) to nearly 3 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is nearly as broad as or narrower than the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel as long as or shorter than eye; maxillary barbel shorter than head ; inner mandi- bular barbel about half length of outer, which is inserted behind it and measures about } to 3 the length of the maxillary barbel. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 7 to 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 5-6, partly or entirely in advance of vertical of ventrals and 2 to 23 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, 2 to once length of head, produced into a short’ Fig, 232. Eutropius niloticus. Upper Nile (F. N.). wI- ° filament. Anal 54-69, 4 or 5 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching or not ventral, its spine strongly serrated on inner side and stronger than and nearly equal in length to that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Silvery or pale brownish, darker green or olive on the back; a blackish or green ill- defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin; dorsal and pectoral fins sometimes blackish. Total length 400 millim. Nile System and rivers of West Africa, from the Senegal to the Ogowe.—Types in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort (Main). 1. One of the types. Egypt. Dr. Riippell (C.). 2-3. Hgr. Nile. + 4, Ad. 5. Skel. 6-8. Ad. & her. 9. Her. 10-15. Ad. & hgr. 16. Skel. 17-18. Her. 19-20. Hgr. 21. Ad. 22-24, Yo. 25-26. Ad. & hgr. 27-30. Her. 31-33. Her. 34. Ad. 35-37. Yg. 38-43. Ad. & her. 44-46. Ad. 47. Ad. 48. Ad. 49, Ad. 50-51. Ad. & her, 52. Ad. 53-55. Ad. & her. 56. Her. 57-58. Ad. 59. Ad. 60. Ad. 61. Ad. 62-65. Yg. 66-68. Ad. & her. 69. Ad. 70. Her. 71-72. Her. 73-15. Ad. & hgr. 76. Yg. 77-18. Her. 79-80. Her. & yg. 81-87. Her. & yg. 88. Yg. 89-90. Yg. EUTROPIUS. Nile. 59 bb) Near Samannud. Damietta Nile, downstream side of barrage. 99 ” i upstream side of barrage. Rosetta Nile, downstream side of barrage. Nile at barrage near Cairo. Nile 2 miles N. of Cairo. Nile at Cairo. Beni Souef. Babr Selah, Fayum. Girgeh. Near Luxor. Assuan, Upp. Nile. Debud, - Abu Hor, _ ,, Mirrwau, _,, El Maharakka, Upper Nile. Derr, $5 Kosheh, en Khartum. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Rosaires, 92 Kawa, White Nile. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. Tewfikyeh, Fashoda, rs Mouth of L. No, ,, Butyaba, L. Albert. Bol, L. Chad. Lagos. Lokoje and Mureji, Upp. Niger. Jebba, Upp. Niger. Ossomari, Low. Niger. Warri, Old Calabar. Old Calabar. ” Cameroon. 285 J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). G. Macleay, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Bsq. (C.). ” J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Paris Museum (E.). Sir A. Moloney (P.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Capt. G. F. Abadie (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Miss Kingsley (C.). Mr. KE. Seimund (C.). Dr. Jackson (C.) ; Hon.W. Rothschild (P.). rh) 286 SILURIDA. 91-93. Ad. & her. Cameroon. Mr. Salmin (C.). 94. Ye. Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). DR, Wer Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 96-97. Yg., types of » LE. obtusirostris. 4, EUTROPIUS GRENFELLI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 137, pl. 1. fig. 1 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 270 (1901) ; Pellegr. in Chevalier, Afr. C. Frane. p. 449 (1907), and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) x. 1908, p. 187. Depth of body 3% to 4 times in total length, length of head 5 to 53 times. Head 1? to 1} times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer than eye; latter perfectly lateral, 3} to 4 times in length of head, 1} to 2 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to interorbital width ; vomero- palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as ora little narrower than the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel } to Fig. 233. Eutropius grenfelli. Type (A. M.C.). 2. 1 length of head, maxillary barbel 3 to §; inner mandibular barbel 3 to 1 length of outer, which measures % to 4 length of head. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, partly in advance of ventrals, 1} to 2 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, as long as head, produced into a filament. Anal 52-53, 4 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated on inner side and stronger EUTROPIUS. 287 than and nearly equal in length to that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Silvery, back brownish; a dark, ill-defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin. Total length 280 millim. Upper Congo, Ogowe, Shari. 1. Type. Bolobo. Rev. G. Grenfell (P.). 2-3. Ad. & her. Monsembe. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 4. Ad. Aruwimi R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzori Expedition. 5. HUTROPIUS LIBERIENSIS. Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. iii. 1881, p. 69; Steind. op. cit. xvi. 1894, p. 59; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 276. Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head 1} times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond mouth, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is perfectly lateral Fig. 234, Eutropius lberiensis. Gaboon. 3. and 5 to 3} times in length of head, 14 to 12 times in interorbital width; width of mouth equal to interorbital width ; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as or narrower than the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel { length of head, maxillary ~ to once, inner mandibular 4, outer mandibular 4 to 32. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 9 to 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 5-6, partly in advance of ventrals, twice as 288 SILURIDA. distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, % to 3 length of head, produced into a short filament. Anal 46-50, 4 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching ventral, its spine moderately serrated on inner side and stronger and a little longer than that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Silvery, pale brownish on the back, with or without a dark lateral streak ; an ill-defined dark blotch above the pectoral fin ; fins whitish. Total length 180 millim. Liberia, Gaboon.—Type in Leyden Museum. 1. Her. Gaboon. 2-4. Her. & yg. Lambarene, Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 5s Hons - ~ Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 6. EUTROPIUS DEBAUWI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 138, pl. 1. fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 270 (1901). Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad ; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond mouth, as long as eye; latter perfectly lateral, 3} times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming a narrow unin- terrupted band. Nasal barbel $ to + length of head, maxillary barbel ?, outer mandibular 4. Dorsal I 5, entirely in advance of ventrals, about 24 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout, its spine feebly serrated in front and behind. Anal 38-45. Pectoral not reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated on both sides. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Yellowish; a blackish streak on each side of the tail, and another extending on upper lobe of caudal. Total length 70 millim. Uerre, Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Yg., one of the types. Uerre. M. De Bauw (C.). 7. EUTROPIUS MENTALIS. Evutropius congensis (non Leach), Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 730. Eutropius mentalis, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 269 (1901) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1902, ii. p. 335. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head 43 to 5 EUTROPIUS. 289 times. Head 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, as long as or longer than eye ; latter perfectly lateral, 34 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 2 to 3 times in inter- orbital width ; width of mouth a little less than interorbital width ; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as the band of preemaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel shorter than maxillary, 4 to} length of head; maxillary and outer mandibular barbels equal, x to } length of head; inner mandibular barbels 3 to } length of head. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advance of ventrals, 13 to 2 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, 7 to 3 length of head, produced into a short filament. Anal 53-62, 4 or 5 anterior rays simple, the following gradually Fig. 235. Hutropius nentalis. Ja River. 3. decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching ventral, its spine stronger and a little longer than that of dorsal, with moderately strong inner serrated edge. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Brown above, silvery beneath, or brown with three silvery longitudinal streaks on each side, the median following the lateral line ; a dark, ill-defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin; fins brownish, with a more or less distinct light streak along the anal. Total length 320 millim. Gold Coast, Cameroon. VOL. IL. U 290 SILURID ®. 1-3. Types. Prah R., Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). 4-6. Hor. & yg. Infoan, * \ (C.) ; - Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 7-12, 13-14. Ad., Ja R., 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). her., & yg. 8. EUTROPIUS MANDIBULARIS. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 112 ; Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 57. Depth of body 32 to 44 times in total length, length of head 5 to 53 times. Head longer than broad; snout projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, longer than eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of head. Nasal, maxillary, and outer mandibular barbels subequal in length. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advance of ventrals; spine slender, serrated behind, shorter than head. Anal 52-59. Pectoral reaching a little beyond base of ventral, its spine stronger and as long as that of the dorsal, its inner border strongly serrated. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Total length 230 millim. Bossumprah River, Gold Coast, and Farmington River, Liberia.— Type (in Liverpool Museum) appayently lost. 9. EUTROPIUS BOCAGII. Guimaraes, Jorn. Sci. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 85, fig. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 44 times. Head 12 times as long as broad; snout broad; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye perfectly lateral, 5 times in length of head, 34 times in interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is as broad as the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel not quite as long as eye; maxillary barbel about 3 length of head, outer mandibular $, inner mandibular ¢. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advauce of ventrals, twice as distant from caudal as from end of snout, its spine feebly serrated behind. Anal 53. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle hardly longer than deep. Back reddish grey, dotted with black, sides and belly silvery; fins speckled with blackish. , Total length 215 millim. Dondo R. (Quanza), Angola.—Type in Lisbon Museum. EUTROPIUS. 291 10. EUTROPIUS LATICEPS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 105, pl. xli. fig. 3 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 271 (1901). Fig. 2386. Se Hutropius laticeps. Type (A. M. C.). wie Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 4% times. Head hardly longer than broad ; snout broad, jaws equal in front ; eye 5 times in length of head; vomero-palatine teeth forming an unin- terrupted band, which is as broad as the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 2? length of head, maxillary 3, inner mandibular 4, outer mandibular #. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 12 on anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advance of ventrals, 13 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout ; its spine feebly serrated behind. Anal 45. Pectoral reaching ventral, its spine a little stronger than that of dorsal and feebly serrated on inner side. Caudal forked, with pointed lobes. Dark brown above, purplish below ; fins olive-brown. Total length 230 millim, Upper Congo (Lake Leopold II.).—Type in Congo Museum, Ter- vueren. 11. HUTROPIUS DEPRESSIROSTRIS. Bagrus depressirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682. Eutropius depressirostris, Peters, Arch. f. Nat. 1855, p. 267; Giinth. Cat. Fish, v. p- 54 (1864) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 54, pl. iv. fig. 5 (1868), and Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 600 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 462 ; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 34; Pteff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 30 (1896). Eutropius lemairii, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 138, pl. 1. fig. 3 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 272 (1901). u 2 292 SILURID®. Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 43 to 5 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, lower jaw projecting; eye perfectly lateral, 45 to 53 times in length of head, 24 to 34 times in interorbital width; width of mouth equal to interorbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is narrower than the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 4 to 4 length of head, maxillary and outer mandibular 3 to $, inner mandibular 4 to %. Gill-rakers moderately long, widely set, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal] I 6, entirely or nearly entirely in advance of ventrals, 13 to 14 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout ; Fig. 237. Eutropius depresswostris. Type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). te its spine slender, very feebly serrated behind in its upper half, much shorter than the head. Anal 50-60, 3 or 4 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral not reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated on inner side, as long as and a little stronger than that of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with rounded or obtusely pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. Greenish or brown above, white beneath, sides sometimes finely speckled with black ; a more or less distinct large dark spot above the pectoral fin. Total length 320 millim. East and South-east Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-2. Her. Neatana, Brit. EH. Africa. Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). 3. Her., one of the Lofoi, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire ((.). types of LH. lemarri. 4. One of the types. Mozambique. Prof. W. Peters (P.). EUTROPIUS.—SCHILBE. 298 5. Skel. Beira, Port. H. Africa. Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). 6. Ad. Buluwayo, Rhodesia. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 7, Ad. N. Transvaal. s 8-9. Her. Dwaars R., Transvaal. s 12. EUTROPIUS MOEBILI. Eutropius mobiusii, Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 30 (1896). Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Maxillary barbel about half as long as outer mandibular. Dorsal I 6, its base partly in advance of ventrals. Ana] 63-70. Otherwise as in EE. depressirostris. Silvery, blackish above. Kingani River, Kast Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 10. SCHILBE. Cuv. Regne Anim. ii. pp. 202 (1817), part. ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 40 (1864) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901), and Fish, Nile, p. 311 (1907). Differing from the preceding only in the absence of the adipose dorsal fin. 51-55 vertebrae (14-15 4+ 36-41). Tropical Africa and the Nile. Only two species appear to be entitled to recognition. 1. SCHILBE MYSTUS. Silurus mystus, Linn. in Hasselq. Reise Palist. p. 419 (1762), and Syst. Nat. i. p- 502 (1766); Sonnini, Trav. Egypt, ii. p. 415, pl. v. fig. 3 (1800); Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 287, pl. xi. figs. 3 & 4 (1827) ; Joannis, Mag. Zool. 1835, pl. xii. Schilbe mystus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829) ; Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xvi, p. 372 (1839) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 50 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. il, p. 222 (1869) ; Bouleng, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901); Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 264; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 31], pl. lvi. fig. 1 (1907). Chilbé Cherissié, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciii. no. 30 (1830). Schilbe intermedius, Riipp. Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische, p. 6 (1832). Schilbe auratus, Jounnis, t. ¢. pl. v. Schilbe senegallus, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 378. Schilbe dispila, Giinth. tt. ce. pp. 51, 223, and Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p- 276 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 274, 294 SILURIDZ. Schilbe senegalensis, var. fasciata, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1872, p- 983, pl. vi. figs. 1 & 2. ? Schilbe bowvier?, Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ix. 1885, p. 95. Depth of body 3 to 5 times in total length, length of head 44 to 54 times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, lower jaw slightly projecting, as long as eye in the young, 1} to 12 times in the adult; eye perfectly lateral, 3 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 13 (young) to 4 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth equal to ora little less than interocular width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is narrower than the band of premaxillary Fig. 238. Schilbe mystus. Near Cairo (7. N.). 3. teeth. Nasal barbel 2 to 2 length of head; maxillary barbel longer, 3 to 3 length of head; inner mandibular barbel { to } length of outer, which is inserted behind it and equals or exceeds maxillary barbel. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 9-13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 5-6, partly or entirely in advance of ventral fins, and 1? to 24 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine slender, feebly serrated behind, measuring ? to ? length of head, produced into a short filament. Anal 53-67, 3 or 4 anterior rays simple, following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral reaching or not ventral, its spine nearly as long as and stronger than that of dorsal, feebly serrated on inner side. Caudal] deeply forked, with more or less pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Silvery, darker on the back ; a blackish ill-defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin, corresponding to the thinned skin over the air-bladder ; dorsal and pectoral sometimes blackish. Some young specimens with three dark bands on each side (var. fasciata, Steind.), the upper along SCHILBE. 295 the back and continued on the upper lobe of the caudal fin, the lower extending from below the pectoral fin to the lower lobe of the caudal, the middle one from the humeral spot to the root of the caudal fin; such specimens have also one or two dark bands along the anal fin, traces of which may persist in the adult. Total length 340 millim. Nile and Tropical Africa. 1. Hgr., one of the types of SS. inter- medius. 2-6. Ad. & her. 7-10. Ad., hgr., & yg. 11. Skel. 12-13. Yg. 14-19. Her. & yg. 20-25. Ad. & hgr. 26-28, 29-32. Ad., hor., & yg. 33-35. Hgr. & yg. 36. Ad. 37-39. 40-41. 42-48. 49-53. Yo. 54-56. Ad. & her. 57, 58, 59, 60. Her. & ys: 61-66. Ad. & yg. 67-70. 71-75. Y Her. & yg. Ad. Yg. 76-77. Yg., types of S. dispila. 78. Ad. 79. Ad. 80. Ad. 81-82. Her. Lower Nile. Bahr-el-Tawilah, L. Menzaleh. Near Samannud. Rosetta Nile, downstream side of barrage. Near Cairo. Beni Souef. Birket Karun, Fayum. Bahr Selah, Fayum. Luxor. Near Luxor. Dr. Riippell (C.). J. Petherick, sq. (C.). 8.8. Allen, Esq. (P.). 9) L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). Between Luxor and Assuan. 3 Near Assuan. Khartum. Wed Medine, Blue Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Sobat. Gondokoro. Buganga, L. Victoria. Wondo R., L. Abaia. L. Chad. Komadugu R., Chad Basin. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). Mr. E. Degen (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). Paris Museum (E.). 296 SILURID #. 83-84. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 85-91. Ad.,hgr.,&yg. Kaédi, pe ¥ 92-96. Her. & yg. Gambia. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dike NES Oyun R., S. Nigeria. A. E. Kitson, Esq. (P.). 98-104. Yg. Oyun R., at Abo, 8. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Nigeria. IDB Gee % m5 Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 106-107. Her. Lagoon at Asaba, S. Major G. E. Bruce. Nigeria. 108. Yg. Sapelle, S. Nigeria. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 109. Her., type of Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). S. dispila. 110-111. Hgr. & yg. Old Calabar. Miss Kingsley (C.). 112. Ad. Gaboon. 113. Yig- Lower Congo. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht Museum (E.). 114. Yg. Kondue, Kassai. M. Luja (C.). 115. Yg. Bangala Country, Congo. M. De Meuse (C.). 116. Yg. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 117. Ad., skin. L. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 118. Yg. L. Bangwelu. VF’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 119. Her. N.W. Rhodesia, 20m. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). north of Zambesi. 120. Ad. Kafue R., Upp. Zambesi. 5 121. Ad. " 3 T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). 122. Her. ss u Rey. F. A. Rogers and HK. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.). 123. Yg. Kazungula, _,, Rev. L. Jalla (C.) ; Turin Museum (P.). 124-125. Yg. Jaculovar R., Mossa- Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). medes. 2. SCHILBE URANOSCOPUS. Riipp. Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische, p. 4, pl. i. fig. 1 (1832) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p- 49 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 222 (1869) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 315, pl. ly. fig. 2 (1907). Schilbe isidori, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 375, pl. eccexii. (1839). ? Schilbe emini, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 32 (1896); Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p. 245. Closely related to and agreeing in most respects with the preceding, from which it is to be distinguished by the following characters :— SCHILBE. 297 Upper profile of head nearly horizontal, the nape ascending very abruptly from the occiput to the dorsal fin; eye larger and supero-lateral in position, its diameter 4} to 53 times in length of head in adult, 14 to 24 times in interocular width, which is less than width of mouth; maxillary barbel not } length of head in adult. Anal 67-75. Caudal with Fig. 239. Schilbe wranoscopus. White Nile (F.N.). 4. rounded or obtusely pointed lobes. Silvery, back steel-blue, head sea- green; fins flesh-coloured; a more or less distinct brown streak on the upper lobe of the caudal fin; young sometimes with a dark lateral band and a black spot on the dorsal and pectoral fins. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel; East Africa (Uniamwesi and Ganana R.)*—Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort (Main). 1. One of the types. Cairo. Dr. Riippell (C.). 2. Skel. Nile. im 3-4. Yg. Near Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5-10. Yg. Between Luxor and Assuan. : 11. Ad. Assuan. 54 12-13. Ad. Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 14. Skel. - a 15-20. Yg. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 21. Hgr. Near Tonga, between Sobat 3 and L. No. 22-29. Ad. & hgr. Mouth of L. No. : 30. Ad. Gondokoro. Fr 298 SILURID &. 11. SILURANODON. Bleek. Acta Soc. Se. Ind.-Néerl. iv. 1858, p. 255, and Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 115; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 55 (1864); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 318 (1907). Body elongate, very strongly compressed, the preecaudal region very short. A very small rayed dorsal fin, without spine, no adipose fin; anal fin much elongate, extending from the ventrals to the caudal. Pectoral fin with a spinous ray. Ventral fin small, with 6 rays. No teeth. Hye large, with free border, on a level with the mouth. Nostrils rather close together. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large and free. -Vertebre 51 (11+ 40). 10 branchiostegal rays. A single species. 1. SILURANODON AURITUS. Silurus auritus, 1. Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 289, pl. xi. figs. 1 & 2 (1827); Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 368 (1839). Schilbe auritus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829). Ouéd denné, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. ec. (1830). Siluranodon auritus, Bleek. Act. Soc. Se. Ind.-Néerl. iv. 1858, p. 256; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 55 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 226 (1869); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 318, pl. lvi. fig. 2 (1907). Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 5 to 6 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; lower jaw usually projecting; eye infero-lateral, better visible from below than from above, 4 to 44 times in length of head and 1? to 3 times in interocular width; latter greater than width of mouth. Nasal barbel nearly as long as or a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 14 to 12 times length of head; mandibular barbels close together on the chin, equal in length, or inner a little longer than outer, about 4 of the total length. Gill-rakers long and setiform, 50 to 60 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal fin small, with 5 rays, all except the first very feeble and close together, the base of the fin being extremely short; its distance from caudal 24 to 3 times that from end of snout. Anal 74-85, of equal depth throughout, and about half length of head, nearly reaching caudal Pectoral rounded, a little longer than head, extending SILURANODON. 299 beyond base of ventral, its spine feeble, smooth, without any serration, and about # to # the length of the fin. Ventral 4 to 2 length of head, inserted below dorsal, or just behind vertical of its base. Caudal notched, with rounded or obtusely pointed lobes, upper a little longer than lower. Coloration silvery; head and a dorsal band dull greyish brown, finely speckled with blackish, this band extending on the upper lobe of the caudal fin; a red spot, shot with gold, on the gill-cover; a Fig. 240. Siluranodon auritus. Near Cairo (¥.N.). #. more or less distinct dark blotch behind the shoulder; sometimes a dark streak above the lateral line; dorsal fin often blackish ; caudal fin often edged with blackish; anal fin often speckled with blackish, especially on the lower half. Total length 175 millim. Lower Nile to White Nile-——Type in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. Damietta Nile, downstream side L. Loat, Esq. (C.). of barrage. 2-13. Ad. Rosetta Nile, downstream side ® of barrage. 14. Skel. fi ' 4 15-16. Ad. Near Cairo. Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). 17. Ad. Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 18. Hgr. Near Luxor. * 19. Her. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. ae 20-27. Ad. &hgr. . Assuan. a 28-33. Her. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. 35 34-43. Her. & yg. — Fashoda, Le & 44-46. Her. Mouth of L. No, ,, ies 300 SILURID 2. 12. PHYSAILIA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 445, and Fish. Nile, p. 321 (1907). Body elongate, very strongly compressed, the precaudal region very short; no rayed dorsal fin, a very small adipose ; anal fin much elongate, extending from the ventrals to the caudal. Pectoral fin with a spinous ray. Ventral fin small, with 6 rays. A narrow band of very small teeth in the jaws, none on the palate. Eye large, with free border, on a level with the mouth. Nostrils close together. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder small and free. Vertebre 52 (11+ 41). 8 branchiostegal rays. Tropical Africa.—Three species. Synopsis of the Species. Pectoral spine serrated on inner side; barbels not half as long as head and body; A. 64- Ue Ss 5 bo 6 oo 8 8 6 og th I, palatal, Velleae.. 05 oh0), Pectoral spine serrated on inner side; barbels not half as long as head and body; A. 61. 2. P. occidentalis, Pellegr., p. 301. Pectoral spine not serrated; barbels about half as long as head and body; A. 69-72 . . 3. P. somalensis, Vincig., p. 301. 1. PHYSAILIA PELLUCIDA. Boulenger, Il. cc., fig. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 6 to 63 times. Snout broad, rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, a little shorter than eye, which is perfectly lateral, about 3 times in length of head, and 1} times in interocular width; latter a little greater than width of mouth. Nasal and maxillary barbels ? to 4 of total length, reaching extremity of pectoral or a little beyond; mandibular barbels close together on the chin, subequal in length, 4 to 2 of total length. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 30 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral obtusely pointed, as long as head, extending beyond root of ventral, the spine a little shorter and serrated on inner side. Ventral about 4 length of pectoral, about 23 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Anal 65-74, longest rays 4 length of head, narrowly separated from caudal, which is deeply forked, with pointed lobes. PHYSAILIA. 301 Colourless, translucent in life, the air-bladder showing through the thin skin; minute black dots may be present on the vertebral line and near the anal fin. Fig. 241. Nine ANT = AI WO WX He SSS SS \. of %& i a _ Wi \ ‘S Physatha pellucida. Type (F. N.). Total length 93 millim. Upper Nile. 1-2, 3-17. Types. Omdurman. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 18. Skel. 9 » 2, PHYSAILIA OCCIDENTALIS. Ailia occidentalis, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901, p. 331. Physailia oecidentalis, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 322 (1907). Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 6 times. Snout a little shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head; jaws equal in front; barbels subequal, extending slightly beyond origin of anal. Pectoral as long as head, the spine feebly serrated on inner side. Anal 61, reaching caudal. Pale olive above, dotted with blackish; sides silvery; belly yellowish; an ill-defined blackish spot at the base of the caudal. Total length 85 millim. Cape Lopez, Gaboon.—Type in Paris Museum. 3. PHYSAILIA SOMALENSIS. Ailia somalensis, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1897, p. 346. Physailia somalensis, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 823 (1907). Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 6}. times. 302 SILURID®. Snout shorter than eye, which is 3% times in length of head; jaws equal in front; barbels subequal, extending to middle of body. Pectoral slightly longer than head, the spine not serrated. Anal 69-72, not reaching base of caudal. Uniform yellowish. Total length 65 millim. Ganana R., Somaliland.—Types in Genoa. Museum. 13. PARAILIA. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 105 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 275 (1901). Agrees with the preceding genus, except in the absence of the adipose dorsal fin. Vertebre 54 (10+44). Congo, Niger. Two species :— Longest barbels not more than twice length of head. 1. P. congica, Blgr., p. 302. Longest barbels nearly three times length of head . 2. P. longijilis, Blgr., p. 303. 1. PARAILIA CONGICA. Bouleng. ll. ec. pp. 106, 276, Ann. pl. xli. fig. 3. Depth of body 5 to 53 times in total length, length of head 6 to 7 times. Snout rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, shorter than eye, which is 84 to 33 times in length of head, and 14 times in interocular width ; latter slightly greater than width of mouth. Nasal barbel about as long as head, maxillary barbel 14, mandibular twice, latter close Fig. 242. Parailia congica. Type (A. M. C.). together on the chin. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral obtusely pointed, as long as head, extending beyond root of ventral, the spine moderately strong, not serrated. Anal 80-92, reaching root of caudal; latter forked. Pale olive, dotted with blackish ; head and vertebral line dark brown. O3 PARAILIA. 30 Total length 80 millim. Congo, Niger.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Ebinga R. (L. Leopold IT.), M. P. Delhez (C.). Upp. Congo. 3. Skel. a3 4, Ad. Abo, Niger Delta. 29 Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 2. PARAILIA LONGIFILIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 37, pl. x. fig. 38 (1902). Depth of body 42 to 54 times in total length, length of head 6 to 7 times. Snout rounded, not projecting beyond mouth, half as long as eye, which is 24 times in length of head and equals interocular in width. Nasal barbel 2 to 22 times as long as head, maxillary and mandibulars Fig. 243, Paratha longifilis. Type (A. M. C.). about 3 times. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Pectoral a little longer than head, the spine rather feeble, not serrated. Anal 80-90, reaching root of caudal; latter forked. Yellowish, dotted with black; a dark streak along caudal in its upper half. Total length 100 millim. Upper Congo (Ubanghi).—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2, Types. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 304 SILURIDZ. 14. BAGRUS. Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 204 (1817), part.*; Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 96; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 69 (1864); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 323 (1907). Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 8 to 11 soft rays and followed by a very long adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted below or just behind the vertical of the posterior part of the dorsal fin. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other. Hye superior or supero-lateral, with free border. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a similar band of teeth on the vomers. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large, free. 22 or 23 precaudal and 30 to 34 caudal vertebre. 15 branchiostegal rays. Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Occipital process long and narrow and in contact with or narrowly separated from first interneural bone (which is hidden under the skin). A. Distance between rayed dorsal and adipose fin less than base of former ; anal with 12-15 rays (8-10 branched); maxillary barbel much longer than head. Head 13 to 1$ times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal beltind vertical of inner ray of ventral ; maxillary barbel extending to extremity of ventral or beyond . . . « 1. B. bayad, Forsk., p. 305. Head 13 to 1+ times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal in advance of inner ray of ventral ; maxillary barbel not extending beyond ventral 9 2 ud ee orientale blon-sp rail: Head 11 to 13 times as long as broad; last ‘yay of dorsal in advanee of inner ray of ventral; maxillary barbel extending nearly to base of ventral or beyond . . . . . 3. B. docmac, Forsk., p. 308. * The name appears only in the French form, “Les Bagres,” in the two editions of the ‘Regne Animal.’ The name was first latinized by Riippell in 1829, as quoted in the synonymy of the Nilotic species. BAGRUS. 305 Head 12 to 14 times as long as broad; last ray of dorsal in advance of ventral ; maxillary barbel extending to end of pectoral or a little beyond in the adult, to ventral in the VOUS 5 > 5 8 9 6 6 66 6 6 6 ay BRUM, BIG tno ollile B. Distance between rayed dorsal and adipose fin at least equal to base of latter. Head not more than 14 times as long as broad ; maxillary barbel much longer than head ; analewithMOvorMierayst sa = | 4) lee, Dee Banurostigman NV rclo., | oli. Head nearly twice as long as broad ; maxillary barbel shorter than head . . . . . . 6. B. meridionalis, Gthr., p. 312. Il. Occipital process not longer than eye, widely separated from first interneural bone ; head 14 times as long as bread ; rayed dorsal and adipose fin narrowly separated ; maxillary barbel extending beyond base of ventral; anal with 11 POSNER) ow ogc ie te Te 1, wlbgesis, Bikers js BAB. 1. BAGRUS BAYAD. Silurus bajad, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 66 (1775). Poreus bayad, 1. Geoftr. Deser, Egypte, Poiss. p. 303, pl. xv. figs. 1 & 2 (1827). Bagrus bayad, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. Ne p. 397 (1839); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 69 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. . p- 227 (1869); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 324, pl. Ivii. (1907). ee a Bachika, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciv. (1830). Depth of body 44 to 53 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head much depressed, 12 to 1? times as long as broad, smooth above or finely striated on sides of elongate fontanelle ; occipital process long and narrow, in contact with first interneural bone (which is hidden under the skin); snout broadly rounded or truncate, projecting beyond lower jaw, 13 (young) to 53 times as long as eye, which is 44 (young) to 11 times in length of head and 13 to 53 times in interocular width ; width of mouth 2+ to 22 times in ener of head; premaxillary fat of teeth 6 or 7 times as Ge as broad, a little dete than and about as broad as or a little narrower than the band of vomerine teeth. Nasal barbel 5 (adult) to 2 length of head; .maxillary barbel 2 (adult) to 34 times ieee of Need, reaching extremity of ventral or anal in the adult, caudal peduncle or caudal fin in the aie outer mandibular barbel 2 to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers VOL. Il. x 1i to 2 times length of inner, and 2 to} ? 506 SILURID #, g, widely set, 11 to 16 on lower part ot anterior arch. Dorsal I 9-11 (usually 10), last ray behind vertical of inner ray of ventral; spine smooth, moderately strong, + to 2 length of head; anterior soft rays more or less produced into filaments. Adipose dorsal 3% to 5 times as long as deep, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, Anal 13-15 (9-10 branched). rather long from which it is narrowly separated. Fig. 244. Bagrus bayad. Near Cairo (F. N.). +. Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head, its spine moderately strong, feebly serrated on inner side. Ventral nearly equally distant from end of snout and from caudal. Caudal deeply forked, each lobe produced into a long filament. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Pale grey to dark brown above, white beneath; fins yellow, caudal sometimes red ; dark dots sometimes scattered on body and fins. Total length 650 millim. Nile System, Chad Basin, Senegal, Niger. il, Nex, L. Menzaleh. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 2. Her. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, in fresh re water. 3. Skel. Nile. Dr. Riippell (C.). 4, Skel. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 5. Ske. a3 L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 6-7. Her. Nile near Samannud. Ms 8. Ad. Rosetta Nile, downstream side 70 of barrage. 9-28. Yg. 29-31. Ad. & yg. 32. Ad. 33-36. Her. & yg. 37. Ad. 38. Yg. 39. Ad. 40-44. Yo. 45-54. Ye. 55. Ad. 56-58. Her. & yg. 59. Ad. 60-65. Her. & ye. 66. Ad. 67. Yg. 68. Her. 69-70. Ye. 71. Her. 72-73. Ad. 74. Her. 75. Ad. 76. Ad. 77. Ad. 78. Ad. 79-83. Her. & yg. 84-85. Ad. & her. 86. Ad. BAGRUS. Nile near Cairo, upstream side of barrage. Cairo. Birket Karun. Beni Souef. Biba. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. Nagadah. Near Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Assuan. I. of Arko. Khartam. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Kaka, White Nile. Polkom, Baro R. (Sobat). Fashoda, White Nile. Bahr Zeraf. Mouth of L. No, White Nile. Wadelai. Fajao, Victoria Nile. Butyaba, L. Albert. Shari R. at Maidugari. St. Louis, Senegal. Kaédi, s Mureji, Upper Niger. Niger. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. Riippell (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, sq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. 8. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). ” Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). M. P. Delhez (C.). J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). 2. BAGRUS ORIENTALIS. Bagrus bayad (non Forsk.), Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 114 (1866). Bagrus orientalis, Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. 1902, p. 37. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 3+ to 34 times. Head much depressed, 1} to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above or finely striated on sides of elongate fontanelle ; occipital long and narrow, narrowly separated from first interneural bone; snout times as long as eye, 2% times in interccular truncate, projecting beyond lower jaw, 2 to 22 which is 5 to 8 times in length of head and 2 or width; width of mouth 23 to 2} times in length of head; preemaxillary band of teeth 5 to 6 times as long as broad, nearly as broad as the band x2 308 SILURTIDE. of vomerine teeth. Nasal barbel $ to 4 length of head, maxillary 14 to 2 times, reaching ventral or not quite so far, outer mandibular 2 to 4, inner mandibular 4 to 3. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 11 to 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 9-10, last ray above vertical of first ray of ventral; spine smooth, feeble, about 4 length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5} times as long as deep, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 3 the base of the latter. Anal 14 (10 rays branched). Pectoral 3 to 3 length of head, its spine moderately strong, smooth, or very slightly serrated Bagrus orientalis. 1 Dype. 3. behind. Ventral a little nearer caudal than end of snout. Candal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown or olive above, white beneath; black dots sometimes scattered on the back and on the adipose and caudal fins. Total length 550 millim. Pangani River, Hast Africa, and Lake Nyassa. 1-2. Ad., types. Pangani Rh. Sir L. Playtam (C.). Be INGE L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 4, Her. H Prof. J. H. 8. Moore (C.). 3. BAGRUS DOCMAC. Silurus docmak, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 65 (1775). Silurus bajad (non Forsk.), Sonnini, Tray, Heypt, p. 475, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1800). Porcus doemac, 1. Geoftr. Deser. Egypte, Poiss. p. 204, pl. xv. figs. 8 & 4 (1827). 09 (Si) BAGRUS. Bagrus docmas, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 404 (1839); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 70 (1564), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 228 (1869); Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix, 1898, p. 245; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 237, pl. lviii. (1907). Depth of body 4 to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 to 4 times. Head much depressed, 1+ to 1? times as long as broad, smooth above; occipital process long and narrow, in contact with or narrowly separated from interneural bone; snout broadly rounded, projecting beyond the lower jaw, 1} (young) to 4 times as long as eye, which is 5 Tig. 246. Bugrus doemac. Nile Delta (F. N.). +. 2 (young) to 12 times in length of head and 13 to 33 times in interocular width ; width of mouth 2 to 25 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth 5 to 7 times as long as broad, a little shorter than and about as broad as the band of vomerine teeth. Nasal barbel 4 (adult) to 4 length of head; maxillary barbel 14 (adult) to 34 times length of head, reaching ventral or not quite so far in adult, anal or caudal peduncle in young; outer mandibular barbel 12 to 21 times length of inner, and 3 to 14 times length of head. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 8-10 (usually °), last ray im advance of vertical of inner ray of ventral; spine smooth, moderately strong, not } length of head; anterior soft rays more or less produced into filaments in the adult. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 13 to 2 times as long as rayed dorsal, from which it is 310 SILURIDA. narrowly separated. Anal 12-14 (8 or 9 rays branched). Pectoral about 2 to 3 length of head, its spine moderately strong, feebly serrated Ventral equally distant from eye and from caudal, or a little nearer latter. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe produced into a long filament. Caudal peduncle not or but little longer than deep. Greyish blue to dark olive above, white beneath, the whole body sometimes shot with gold and green; some blackish may be present on the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins; blackish dots sometimes present on the posterior part of the back and on the adipose fin. Total length 600 millim. Nile Delta to Lake Victoria and Shoa tributaries of Blue Nile; Ganana River, Lake Stephanie, Omo and Sagan Rivers. 1-5. Ad., hgr.,& Lower Nile. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). on inner side. ys: 6. Skel. 55 Dr. Riippell (C.). 7-10. Ad., hgr., Nile near Samannud. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). & yg. Cairo. Near Cairo. Birket Karun. 11-14. Her. & yg. 15-18. Ad. & yg. OF Siligi: Dr. Riippell (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). 20. Ad. Biba. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 21-23. Her. Beni Souef. am 24. Her. Sanhur. I 5, Whee Assiut. By 26. Her. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. 5 27-29. Her. & yg. Luxor. “A 30-39. Ye. Near Luxor. is 40-41. Her. Edfu. ie 42-51. Yo. Between Luxor and Assuan. fi 52-60. Ad., hgr., Assuan. x & yg. 61. Ad. Mirrwau, Nubia. 7 62. Hgr, Korosko, _,, ‘i 63. Her. Derr, i Hs 64. Hgr. Cataract at Hannak, Nubia. 65-69, 70-73, 74- 75. Her. & yg. 76. Her. 77. Ad. 78-80. Hgr. & yg. 81. Yg. Khartum. Omdurman. Tewfikyeh, White Nile. Bunjako, L. Victoria. Buddu Coast, L. Victoria. ” J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. E. Degen (C.). Mr. M. Simon (C.). BAGRUS. 311 82. Ad. _ Moger R. (Blue Nile), Shoa. Mr. EH. Degen (C.). 83-85. Her. & yg. Ergino R. (Omo), Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. MacMillan (P.). 86. Her. Sagan R. at Wondo (Ii. Abaia). 5 4. BAGRUS DEGENI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 438, Fish. Nile, p. 331, pl. lix. (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) iv. 1909, p. 307. Depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length, length of head 31 to 33 times. Head much depressed, 12 to 1} times as long as broad, smooth above; occipital process long and narrow, narrowly separated from interneural bone; snout broadly rounded, projecting beyond lower Fig. 247. Bagrus degeni. Type (F.N.). 2. jaw, 12 (young) to 2% times as long as eye, which is 5 (young) to 11 times in length of head and 14 to 2? times in interocular width; width of mouth 2 to 24 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth 6 or 7 times as long as broad, shorter than and as broad as or a little narrower than the vomerine band. Nasal barbel + (adult) to } length of head; maxillary barbel 1} (adult) to 23 times length of head, extending to end of pectoral fin or a little beyond in adult, to end of ventral in young; outer mandibular barbels 1} to 1 times length 312 SILURID&. of inner and 4 to nearly once length of head. Gill-rakers rather long, widely set, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 1 9, last ray in advance of vertical of inner ray of ventral; spine smooth, less than + length of head; longest soft ray $ to $ length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 to 55 times as long as deep, 1} to 13 times as long as rayed dorsal; the space between the two dorsal fins 4 to 2 the length of the first. Anal 12-13 (8 or 9 rays branched). Pectoral $ to # length of 2 head, its spine moderately strong, not serrated in the adult. Ventral equally distant from eye and from caudal, or a little nearer latter. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe produced into a long filament. Caudal peduncle not or but little longer than deep. Blackish brown or dark steel-blue above, whitish or brassy yellow beneath; fins grey to blackish. Yotal length 490 millim. Lake Victoria. 1-5. Ad., hgr., & yg., types. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 6. Ad., type. Near Entebbe. bb) 5. BAGRUS UROSTIGMA. Vincig. Am. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 36. Depth of body 64 to 63 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head not more than once and } as long as broad, smooth above ; snout about 3? length of head; eye 8 (young) to 14 times in length of head, 2 to 4 times in interorbital width; nasal barbel reaching anterior border of eye; maxillary barbel reaching middle of adipose fin in the young, end of rayed dorsal in the adult. Dorsal I 9, longest ray a little longer than head ; last ray above ventral. Adipose fin twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, which equals base of latter. Anal 10-11. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal forked, upper lobe slightly the longer. Reddish brown above, yellowish white beneath; caudal fin dotted with black. Total length 720 millim. Ganana River, Somaliland.—Types in Genoa Museum. 6. BAGRUS MERIDIONALIS. Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 626; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 38 (1902). Depth of body 6% times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad, finely striated above; occipital BAGRUS. 313 process long and narrow; snout not projecting beyond lower jaw, 24 times as long as eye, which is 8 times in length of head and twice in interocular width. Nasal barbel + length of head, maxillary #, outer mandibular 2, inner mandibular 4. Dorsal I 9, last ray in front of ventral; spine smooth, moderately strong, not } length of head. Bagrus meridionalis. Type, upper view of head. 3. Adipose dorsal low, widely separated from rayed dorsal. Anal —? Ventral much nearer caudal than end of snout. Brown above, white beneath. Total length 550 millim. Upper Shiré River. 1. Type. Upper Shiré. A. Whyte, Esq. (C.); Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 7. BAGRUS UBANGENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 38, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1902). Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, smooth above; snout broadly rounded, subtruncate, about % length of head; eye 7 times in length of head, 2! times in interocular width; occipital process narrow, hardly as long as eye, widely separated from first interneural bone; mouth 3 width of 314 SILURID 2. head; band of premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad, as broad as and close to the crescentic band of vomerine teeth; nasal barbel about 3 length of head; maxillary barbel 2% times length of head, extending beyond root of ventral; inner mandibular barbel 2 length of head, outer $. Dorsal I 8, longest branched ray nearly as long as head; last ray above inner ray of ventral. Adipose fin 5 times as long Fig. 249. Bagrus ubangensis. Type (A. M.C.). 3. as deep, much longer than rayed dorsal and twice and 3 its distance from the latter. Anal 11, 7 rays branched. Pectoral 3 length of head, its spine strong and feebly denticulate on inner edge. Caudal deeply forked, both lobes prolonged into filaments. Caudal peduncle scarcely longer thandeep. Brown above, with a few black dots, whitish beneath ; a large blackish spot behind the shoulder. Total length 300 millim. Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 15. CHRYSICHTHYS, Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Ind.-Neerl. iv. 1858, p. 60, and Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. 1. 1863, p. 95; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 70 (1864) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 277 (1901), and Tish. Nile, p. 333 (1907). Melanodactylus, Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 95. Chrysobagrus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, i. p. 290 (1899). Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 5 or 6 branched rays and followed by an adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin CHRYSICHTHYS. 315 with 6 rays, inserted behind the vertical of the dorsal fin. Four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary, and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other. Hye supero-lateral, with free border. Maxillary bone rather large, hidden in the lip but bordering the mouth ; jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a band of teeth on the vomer, often extending also on the pterygoids. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large, free. 10 to 20 precaudal and 24 to 27 caudal vertebre. 8 to 10 branchio- stegal rays. A more or less distinct foramen above the axil, leading to the membrane of the air-bladder. Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal 14 to 2 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout ; band of premaxillary teeth curved, 6 times as long as broad; length of head 4 to 43 times in total length ; caudal deeply forked, longest rays at least 3 times as long as median; base of adipose fin not more than 4 its distance from rayed dorsal. Occipital process not reaching interneural shield ; maxillary barbel a little longer than head ; anal with 10 branched rays . 1. C. sianenna, Bler., p. 317. Occipital process in contact with interneural shield ; maxillary barbel 2 length of head ; anal with 8 branched rays . . . . . 2. C. sharpii, Blgr., p. 318. II. Dorsal 11 to 13 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout ; band of preemaxillary teeth straight or feebly curved, 24 to 4 times as long as broad; length of head 3 to 32 times in total length ; maxillary barbel not longer than head. A. Base of adipose fin shorter than that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 4 times its length; caudal deeply forked, longest rays at least 3 times as long as median ; 12-20 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 1. Head 12 times as long as broad ; snout pointed, as long as broad ; width of mouth 33 times in length of head; anal with 9 branched NaSilg oe mo peeccanne Sar «eames 2. Head 14 to 13 times as long as broad. Snout rounded, broader than long; width of mouth 2} to 3 times in length of head ; 3. C. acuttrostris, Gthr., p. 319. 316 SILURID 2. anal with 9-11 branched rays; second or first and second soft dorsal rays longest, not longer than head . . . . . . 4. C. furcatus, Gthr., p. 320. Snout obtusely pointed, not much broader her long; width of mouth 24 to 4 times in length of head; anal with 7-9 branched rays; second (rarely first) soft dorsal ray [p. 321. Or longest, usually at least as long as head . Cy nigrodiyitatus, Lacep., Snout rounded, broader than long; width of mouth 2 to 22 times in length of head ; anal with 7-8 branched rays ; first or first and second soft dorsal rays longest, usually shorter thanjhead)) =). =) = = « oeaa6. Cxwalken: Gthr.ep.o24. B. Base of adipose fin as long as or longer than that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 1} times its length; anal with 6-8 branched rays ; first soft dorsal ray longest ; 10-12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. First soft dorsal ray more or less produced ; longest rays of caudal 25 to 3 times length Or mecca) 6 4 oo lo 0 6 o 0 0 0 to Oh erence, Ecioninr,, 0. B25. First soft dorsal ray not produced ; longest rays of caudal twice length of median . . . 8 C. rueppelli, Blgr., p. 327. III. Dorsal 1} to 12 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout ; band of przemaxillary teeth feebly curved, 4 to 6 times as long as broad : length of head 33 to 3} times in total length ; maxillary barbel longer than head ; nasal barbel not half diameter of eye ; width of mouth 2 to 3 times in length of head ; 17-23 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; anal with 8-9 branched rays; longest rays of caudal 3 to 3} times length of median. Maxillary barbel a little longer than head . . 9. C. brevibarbis, Blgr., p. 329. Maxillary barbel at least 3 times length of Weel 5 nb 66 bo a le 6 6 8 0 NOS Oh Vongnaentus, Bler. , p. 330. IV. Dorsal not more than 1} times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout ; band of premaxillary teeth curved, 4 to 8 times as long as broad; length of head 3 to 3} times in total length ; maxillary barbel not or but slightly longer than head ; nasal barbel 3 to 2 diameters of eye ; width of mouth 14 to 2 times in length of head. A. Base of adipose fin nearly as long as its distance from the rayed dorsal ; anal with 7-9 branched rays. Head 14 times as long as broad; first soft dorsalray longest ». . - »'.'. . » IM Ciduttom) Blom ps Bai. Head not or but little longer than broad; second and third soft dorsal rays Jongest . . . 12, C. wayenaari, Blgr., p. 331. CHRYSICHTHYS. 31 =I B. Base of adipose fin 1% to 3 times in its distance from rayed dorsal. 1. Head 12 to 1} times as long as broad. a. Width of mouth 14 to 12 times in length of head; 10-13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Caudal deeply notched; anal with 8-10 branched rays; head rugoseabove . . . . . . 13. C. eranchit, Leach, p. 332. Caudal deeply notched; anal with 7 branched rays; head rugose above . . . . . . 14. C. punctatus, Blgr., p. 334. Caudal feebly notched ; anal with 7 branched rays; head nearly smooth above . . . 15. C. delhezi, Blgr., p. 335. b. Width of mouth twice in length of head; 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; anal with 7 branched rays. . . . . . 16. C. mabusi, Bler., p. 336. 2. Head not more than 1} times as long as broad. Maxillary barbel at least as long as head ; anal with 6-8 branched rays; head rugose above; 9-10 gill-rakers on lower part OwanbenOnarche wees se ra ee Lie OC monnanue: Blot. insole Maxillary barbel 4 to # length of head ; anal with 8-10 branched rays; head rugose above ; 12-20 gill-rakers on lower part of aMbeLOrrarche ares) Wet (een ae lal Onmiyneodon. BIOL. ps Oooe Maxillary barbel 1 to 4 length of head; anal with 8-9 branched rays; head smooth above; 13-18 gill-rakers on lower part of antenlonanchyoy oii) Ween iy 3) 9G Courachynemna, lon. pase. 1. CHRYSICHTHYS SIANENNA. Bouleng. Trans. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 551, pl. xxxii. fig. 2. Depth of body 54 to 6 times in total length, length of head 44 times. Head moderately depressed, 12 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth above; occipital process narrow, nartowly separated from the smal} interneural shield; snout rounded, projecting a little beyond lower jaw, x length of head; eye 4 to 44 times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width; width of mouth about 4 length of head ; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 6 times as long as broad; vomero- pterygoid teeth forming a long and narrow crescentic band; nasal barbel 4 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 12 to 14 times length of head; outer mandibular barbel nearly twice as long as inner and 4 length of head. Gill-rakers long and closely set, 18 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, rather small, nearly twice as distant from 318 SILURID. root of caudal as from end of snout; spine rather feeble, serrated behind, $ length of head; first soft ray longest, 3 to 3 length of head. Adipose dorsal 2 to 3 times as long as deep, its base equal to or a little longer than that of the rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 3 or 4 times its base. Anal 14, 10 rays branched. Fig. 250. @ Chrysichthys stanenna. Type (‘I'r. Z. 8. 1906). 4. Pectoral spine about 2 length of head, feebly serrated on outer side, more strongly on inner side. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, longest rays 5 to 35 times length of median. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Olive above, silvery white beneath. Total length 220 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 3. Dype. Mbete. Bs 2, CHRYSICHTHYS SHARPII. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 81, and Poiss. Bass, Congo, p. 281 (1901). Depth of body 5} times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head much depressed, 14 times as long as broad, feebly granulate above; occipital process a little longer than broad, extending to the small interneural shield; snout broadly rounded, projecting a little beyond lower jaw, 4 length of head; eye oval, 6 times in Jength of head and twice in interorbital width; width of mouth twice in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 6 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid band narrow, crescentic, scarcely interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel 3 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 2 length of CHRYSICHTHYS. 319 head; outer mandibular barbel 14 times as long as inner and = length of head. Dorsal I 5, 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine striated, not serrated, + length of head; first soft ray longest, ¢ length of head. Adipose dorsal not longer than deep, its base 4 that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 7 times its base. Anal 13,8 rays branched. Pectoral spine } length of head, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, longest rays about 3 times length of median, Caudal peduncle not quite twice as long as deep. Brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 570 millim. Lake Mweru. 1. Skin, type. L. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 3. CHRYSICHTHYS ACUTIROSTRIS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 431 (1864). Depth of body 55 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head but slightly broader than deep, 12 times as long as broad, its Fig. 251. Chrysichthys acutirostris. Type. i. upper surface rugose; occipital process narrow, extending to the small interneural shield; snout obtusely acuminate, not broader than long, _nearly twice as long as eye, which is 43 times in length of head and 520 SILURID. equals interorbital width; mouth inferior, its width 34 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth straight, 3 times as long as broad ; two small, widely separated groups of teeth on the vomer; nasal barbel 3 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 2 length of head; outer mandibular barbel 3 length of head, inner +. Gill-rakers moderate, 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine about } length of head, rugose in front, strongly serrated behind; first soft ray longest, ? length of head. Base of adipose dorsal a little shorter than that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2} times its base. Anal 14, 9 rays branched. Pectoral about # length of head; spine feebiy granulate on outer border, strongly serrated on inner. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, upper the longer, more than 3 times as long as middle rays. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Brown above, silvery white below. Total length 205 millim. Golungo Alto, Angola. 1. Type. Golungo Alto. Dr. Welwitsch (P.). 4, CHRYSICHTHYS FURCATUS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 430 (1864) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i, 1870, p. 992, pl. vili.; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 280 (1901). Chrysichthys camaronensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 729, pl. xliv. Depth of body 4% to 6 times in total length, length of head 34 to 32 times. Head moderately depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, smooth or feebly rugose above; occipital process narrow, extending to the small interneural shield; snout rounded, broader than long, once (young) to 3 times as long as eye, which is 4 (young) to 64 times in length of head and once to twice in interorbital width; mouth inferior, its width 24 to 3 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth nearly straight, 3 to 4 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long band interrupted in the middle, its width equal to or a little less than that of the premavillary band in the adult; nasal barbel 2 to once diameter of eye; maxillary barbel } to 3 length of head; outer mandibular barbel 15 times as long as inner, 3 to } length of head. Gill-rakers rather long, 15 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 14 to 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine # to 4 length of head, smooth in front, very feebly serrated CHRYSICHTHYS. 321 behind; second or first and second soft rays longest, nearly as long as head or shorter. Base of adipose fin } to # that of dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 4 times its base. Anal 14-16, 9-11 rays branched. Pectoral 3 to # length of head; spine strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, Chrysichthys furcatus. 1 Ty pe- 3. longest rays 3 to 4 times as long as middle rays. Caudal peduncle 14 to 2 times as long as deep. Dark grey above, white beneath. Total length 470 millim. West African Rivers, from the Senegal to the Congo. 1-2. Ad. Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Hsq. (P.). 3-4. Ad. Ogun R. at Aro, 8. Nigeria. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 5. Ad., type. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 6. Ad., type of Cameroon. Mr. C. L. Salmin (C.). C. camaronensis. 7. Her. Banana, Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 8. Yg. Boma, ie 5 Oh Wyse, Landana, ,, Dr. Jackson (C.) ; Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). 5. CHRYSICHTHYS NIGRODIGITATUS. Pimelodus nigrodigitatus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. vy. pp. 102 & 108 (1803). Bagrus maurus, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 431 (1539). VOL, II, Y 322 SILURID®. Arius acutivelis, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 85 (1840) *. Melanodactylus nigrodigitatus, Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 95. Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. pp. 73 & 430 (1864); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 989, pl. vii., and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 59; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 727. Chrysichthys macrops, part., Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xx. 1867, p. 112. Chrysichthys buttikoferi, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 60, pl. i. fig. 1; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 276, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p- 721, pls. xli. & xiii. fig. A. Chrysichthys ogowensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 723. Chrysichthys coriscanus, Giinth. t.e. p. 72+. Chrysichthys lagoensis, Giinth. t. e. p. 725, and 1902, ii. p. 335, fig. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 523 to 3% times. Head feebly depressed, 14 (young) to 1} times as long as broad, Fig. 253. Chrysichthys nigrodisitatus, After Steindachner (Sitzb. Ak. Wien, 1870). 4. its upper surface more or less rugose, the rugosities usually showing uuder the thin skin; occipital process narrow, extending to the small * T have examined the types of A. acutivelis=melanodactylus (160 millim., very badly preserved) and B. mawrus (195 millim.) in the Paris Museum. In both the dentition of the palate is reduced to two small groups of vomerine teeth. Larger specimens (220- 340 millim.) from the Senegal (Heudelot) and Goree (Rang) haye a small group of teeth on each entopterygoid, widely separated from the vomerine. i) CHRYSICHTHYS. 325) C interneural shield ; snout obtusely pointed, not much broader than long; eye large, transversely oval, its diameter 1 (young) to 2} times in length of snout, 3 to 6 times in length of head, not more than 14 times in interorbital width; mouth inferior, its width 24 to 4 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth straight, } to 3} times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a narrow band interrupted in the middle, sometimes reduced to the vomerine part; nasal barbel 4 to + diameter of eye; maxillary barbel $ to 3 length of head; outer mandibular barbel a little longer than inner, 2 to # the length of the maxillary barbel. Gill-rakers rather long, 12-17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 14 to 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine 4 to $ length of head, smooth or granulate in front, rather feebly serrated behind; second soft ray longest, ? to 14 times length of head. Base of adipose fin shorter than that of dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 4 times its base. Anal 12-14, 8 or 9 (rarely 7) rays branched. Pectoral 2 to + length of head; spine smooth or fecbly granulate on outer border, strongly serrated on inner. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe longest and often produced into a filament, at least 3 times as long as middle rays. Caudal peduncle 13 to 13 times as long as deep. Dark grey or brown above, silvery white beneath; a more or less indistinct dark transverse band behind the head and another in front of the dorsal fin. Total length 370 millim. West Africa, from the Senegal to the Ogowe.— ‘Type in Paris Museum. 1-2. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 3. Her. Kaédi, i “ 4-10. Ad., hgr., & yg. Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 11, 12-15. Ad. & yg. R. Prah, Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). 16-24. Yg. R. Offin, hs Kt 25. Her. Nyankoma, _,, z, 26. Ad., type of Lagos. H. T. Ussher, Esq. (C.). C. lagoensis. 27, 28. Ad. & yg. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 99. Ad. Lokoja, Upp. Niger. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 30h Mee Assay, Low. Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). BUS Sia Sapelle, Me a 33. Yg. Benue R., North of Ibi. H. 1. Norton Traill, Esq. (C.). 34. Her. Enyong R., Old Calabar. Major W.A.C.Cockburn(P.). 35, Ad. Kribi R., Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). y2 324 SILURID A. 36-37. Yo., types of Corisco Id. Miss Kingsley (C.). C. coriscanus. 38. Yo. Benito R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 39. Skel. A ‘ 40. Her., type of Kondo Kondo, Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). C. ogowensis. 41. Her. Lambarene, Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 42. Yo. Negomo, Ogowe. Rey. Hi. Haug (C.) ; Paris Museum (f.). 6. CHRYSICHTHYS WALKERTI. Chrysichthys macrops, part., Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 112. Chrysichthys auratus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 718. Chrysichihys watkeri, Giinth. t. ce. p. 720, fie. Chrysichthys persimilis, Giinth. t. e. p. 727, pl. xiii. Chrysichthys kingsleye, Giinth. t. c. p. 728, pl. xlv. fig. A. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3$ times. Head moderately depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, more or less rugose above; occipital process narrow, in contact with Fig. 254. Chrysichthys walkert. Type of C. persimilis. 4, interneural shield; snout rounded, much broader than long, once (young) to twice diameter of eye, which is 54 to 5 times in length of head and at least equals interorbital width ; width of mouth 2 to 2§ times in length CHRYSICHTHYS. 325 of head; premaxillary band of teeth straight, 3 to 4 trmes as long as broad; vomerospterygoid teeth forming a narrow band interrupted in the middle, sometimes restricted to the vomerine part; nasal barbel + to 8diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 2 (adult) to once (young) length of head; outer mandibular barbel about once and 4 as long as inner and 2 to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers moderate, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 14 to 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine feebly serrated behind, $ to % length of head; first or first and second soft rays longest, ? to once Jength of head. Adipose dorsal not much longer than deep, its base $ to } that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 3 times its base. Anal 11-13, 7 or 8 rays branched. Pectoral about # length of head, spine smooth or very feebly serrated on outer side, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply forked, with long, acutely pointed lobes, the upper the longer and 5 to 4 times as long as middle rays. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1§ times as long as deep. Brown above, silvery white beneath. Total length 240 millim. West African Rivers, from the Gold Coast to the Ogowe. 1-3. Yg., types. R. Prah, Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). 4. Yg. ” ” ” 5-7, 8. Yg. R. Offin, 55 9. Ad., type of Gaboon. or C. persimilis. 10-12. Her. & yg. Sette Cama, Gaboon. =A 13. Her., type of Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). C. kingsleye. 7. CHRYSICHTHYS AURATUS. Pimelodus auratus, Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. pl. xiv. tigs. 3 & 4 (1809). Porcus auratus, 1. Geoftr. op. cit. p. 302 (1827). Abou Crata, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exev. (1835). Bagrus auratus, Riipp. N. Nachtr. Beschr. Fische Nil, p. 25 (1835); Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 427 (1839). Bagrvus capito, Cuv. & Val. t. ec. p. 430. Chrysichthys auratus, Bleek. Acta Soc. Sc. Ind.-Neerl. iv. 1858, p. 65; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 333, pl. Ix. fig. 1 (1907). Chrysichthys capito, Bleek. 1. e. Chrysichthys macrops, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 71 (1864), Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 230 (1869), and Proe. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 719, fig. 2. Depth of body 33 to 53 times in total length, length of head 34 to 326 SILURID. 53 times. Head moderately depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, its upper surface more or less rugose, the rugosities usually showing under the thin skin; occipital process narrow, extending to the small interneural shield; snout broadly rounded ; eye large, transversely oval, its diameter once (young) to once and # in length of snout, 5 to 43 times in length of bead, 1} to 2 times in interocular width ; mouth inferior, its width equal to or a little greater than interocular width ; preemaxillary band of teeth straight, 24 to 3} times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid Ze Za Chrysichthys auratus. Lower Nile (F.N.). 3. teeth forming a narrow band narrowly interrupted in the middle, some- times reduced to the vomerine part. Nasal barbel 4 to 2 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 2 to nearly once length of head; mandibular barbels shorter, inner about $ or # length of outer. Gill-rakers rather short, 10-12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 14 to 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine strong, feebly serrated behind, 2 to 2 length of head; first soft ray usually more or less produced, sometimes much longer than head. Adipose fin as long as or longer than base of rayed dorsal, usually shorter than its distance from the latter. Anal 11-13, 6 or 7 (rarely 8) branched. Pectoral shorter than head, not reaching ventral, with a strong spine, with strong serrm on the inner side. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes acutely pointed, upper often produced into a short filament. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1% times as long as deep. LBuffish grey above, silvery white beneath ; an ill-defined dark transverse band behind the head and another in front of the dorsal fin. ) SS +I] OHRYSICHTHYS. ¢ Total length 220 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel ; Chad Basin.— Type in Paris Museum. 1. Ad., type of 2: En C. macrops. 2-3. Ad. 4-9. Her. 10-19. Ad. & her. 20. Skel. 21-22. Yg. ro co) 31-388. Ad.& her. 39-40. Ad. 41-42. 43-47, Yo. 48. Yg. 49-50. Her. 51-52: Vig 53-57. Ad. &her., Lower Nile. Near Damiectta, in fresh water. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, LL. Menzaleh, in fresh water. Nile near Samannud. ” rr) Damietta Nile, upstream side of barrage. Cairo. Near Cairo. Beni Souef. Lahun, Bahr Yusuf, Fayum. Bahr Selah, Fayum. Near Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Wady Halfa. Kosheh, Nubia. Khartum. types of C. auratus. 58. Skel. 59. Her. 60. Ad. 61, 62-65. Ye. 66. Ad. 33 times, Khartum. Nur-el-Daim, White Nile. Between Khartum and Sobat. Gondokoro. Fort Lamy, Shari R. Dr. Riippell (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. 8. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). ” L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. MacMillan, Esq. (P.). L. Thoat, Hsq. (C.). Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 8. CHRYSICHTHYS RUEPPELLI. Chrysichthys auratus (non Geoffr.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 71 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 229 (1869). Chrysichthys auratus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 718, fig. 1. Chrysichthys rueppelli, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 337, pl. Ix. fig. 2 (1907). Depth of body 4 to 4$ times in total length, length of head 3} to Head moderately depressed, 1 to 14 times as long as broad, its upper surface smooth, covered with thick skin; occipital process narrow, extending to the small interneural shield; snout broadly 328 S{LURID#. rounded; eye 4 (young) to 54 times in length of head, 1? to 24 times in interocular width; mouth inferior, its width 1¢ to 2 times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth straight, 24 to 3 times as Jong as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a narrow band narrowly inter- rupted in the middle; nasal barbel 3 to $ diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 3 length of head; mandibular barbels shorter, outer 14 to 13 times inner. Gill-rakers short, 10-12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 1 6, 1% to 1} times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine strong, feebly serrated behind, about 4 length of head ; first soft ray longest, not produced, shorter than head; adipose fin longer than base of rayed dorsal, as long as or slightly shorter than its distance from the latter. Anal 12, 7 rays branched. Pectoral Fig. 256. Chrysichthys rueppelli. Type (F. N.). 2 2° much shorter than head, spine strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal with rounded or obtusely pointed lobes, longest rays about twice length of median. Caudal peduncle 13 to 14 times as long as deep. Pale brown above, white beneath; an ill-defined dark transverse band behind the head and another in front of the dorsal fin. Total length 225 millim. Lower Nile. 1. Type. Lower Nile. Dr. Riippell (C.). 2-3. Types. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Menzaleh, in L. Loat, Wsq. (C.). fresh water. 4. Skel. Lower Nile. (Sh) S ie) CHRYSICHTHYS. 9. CHRYSICHTHYS BREVIBARBIS. Chrysobagrus brevibarbis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 40, pl. xxi. fig. 1 (1899). Chrysichthys brevibarbis, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 290 (1901). Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3} times. Head much depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, feebly striated and granulated on the occiput ; occipital process in contact with inter- neural shield ; snout truncate, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, its length nearly $ of head; eye 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head, $ to § interorbital width ; width of mouth 3 times in length of head; pri- maxillary band of teeth feebly curved, 4 to 6 times as long as broad ; two short bands of vomerine teeth, separated by a narrow interspace ; Fig. 257. Chrysichthys brevibarbis. " Type (A. M.C.). 2. nasal barbel not } diameter of eye ; maxillary barbel slightly longer than head; outer mandibular barbel about once and $as long as inner. Gill- rakers moderate, 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 1+ to 12 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine a little shorter than head, smooth or feebly serrated behind ; first soft ray longest, nearly as long as head. Adipose fin twice as long as deep, its base equal to that of rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 13 to 2 times its length. Anal 12, 9 rays branched. Pectoral spine 3 length of head, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply forked ; lobes long and pointed, outer rays 3 times as long as median. Caudal peduncle about twice as long as deep. Uniform brownish. Total length 440 millim. Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Her. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). os Os i=) SILURID&. 10. CHRYSICHTHYS LONGIBARBIS. Chrysobagrus longibarbis, Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 41, pl. xxi. fig. 2 (1899). Chrysichthys longibarbis, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 291 (1901). Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of head 35 to 32 times. Head much depressed, 1} times as long as broad, feebly rugose above; occipital process in contact with interneural shield; snout rounded, its length about 3 of head ; eye 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width; mouth inferior, its width 2 to 2} times in length of head; praemaxillary band of teeth feebly curved, 4 to 54 times as long as broad; two short bands of vomerine teeth, separated by a narrow interspace ; nasal barbel 4 to ? diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 3 to 53 times as long as head; outer mandibular barbel a little longer than head, nearly twice as long as inner. Gill- rakers moderate, 20-23 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 1} to 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; Fig. 258. Chrysichthys longibarbis. Type (A. M.C.). 3. spine shorter than head, feebly serrated behind ; first soft ray longest, as long as or a little longer than head. Adipose fin as long as deep or a little longer than deep, its base less than that of the rayed dorsal and measuring about half its distance from the latter. Anal 12-13, 8 or 9 rays branched. Pectoral spine 2 to # length of head, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply forked; lobes long and pointed, outer CHRYSICHTHYS. 331 rays at least 3 times as long as median. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Brown above, white beneath; a blackish spot behind the operculum. Total length 590 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Her., type. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Her. Dolo, Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.). 3. Ad. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 4. Yo. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 11. CHRYSICHTHYS DUTTONI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mage. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 641. Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head 1} times as long as broad, with granular rugosities above ; snout broadly rounded, extending a little beyond lower jaw; eye 4 times in length of head, nearly equalling interorbital width; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long but very narrow band; nasal barbel % diameter of eye; maxillary barbel a little longer than head, extending nearly to extremity of pectoral spine. Dorsal I 6; spine strong, serrated behind ; first soft ray longest, as long as head; adipose fin as long as deep, its base a little greater than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 11, 7 rays branched. Pectoral spine 2 length of head, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply notched, with rounded lobes. Cauda) peduncle nearly 13 times as long as deep. Brown above, white beneath. Total length 130 millim. Kasai River (Congo).—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 12. CHRYSICHTHYS WAGENAARI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 39, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 289 (1901). Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head much depressed, as long as or a little longer than broad, covered with thick skin above; occipital process in contact with inter- neural shield; snout broadly rounded, projecting very slightly beyond lower jaw, 1} (young) to 3 times diameter of eye, which is 4 (young) to 85 times in length of head and 14 to 4 times in interocular width ; width of mouth half or more than half length of head; pre- maxillary band of teeth curved, 5 to 54 times as long as broad; vomero- Bis SILURIDA. pterygoid teeth forming two rather broad bands separated by a more or less wide space in the middle; nasal barbel 1 to 2 diameters of eye ; maxillary barbel # length of head or nearly as long as head; outer mandibular barbel 14 times length of inner, $ or a little more than } 9 2 length of head. Gill-rakers moderate, 12-15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal ; spine $ to 3 length of head, feebly serrated in front and behind ; second and third soft rays longest, to once length of head. Adipose fin 2 to 3 times as long as deep, its base as long as or a little longer than Chrysichthys wagenaari. Type (A. M. C.). 4 6° that of the dorsal and equal to or a little less than its distance from the latter. Anal 11-12, 7-9 rays branched. Pectoral spine nearly as long as dorsal, feebly serrated on inner border in the adult, strongly in the young. Caudal moderately or rather feebly notched in the adult, with rounded lobes, the longest rays twice as long as the median in the young. Caudal peduncle 1} times as loug as broad. Dark brown, lighter beneath. Total length 700 millim. Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Her. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 3. Ad. Congo. 13. CHRYSICHTHYS CRANCHII. Pimelodus cranchii, Leach, in Tuckey, Exped. R. Zaire, p. 409 (1818) ; Griffith & Smith, Anim. Kingd. pl. xl. (1834). Chrysichthys cranchii, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 72 (1864); Schilthuis, Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p. 54; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1599, p. 95, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 282 (1901). Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to ot CHRYSICHTHYS. 333 times. Head much depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, rugose and striated above; occipital process rather broad, in contact with inter- neural shield; snout broadly rounded, projecting very slightly beyond lower jaw, 2 to 3 times diameter of eye, which is 6 to 9 times in length of head and 2 to 5 times in interocular width ; width of mouth once and 4 to twice in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 6 to 8 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long and broad band narrowly interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel as Chrysichthys cranchit. Type. 2. long as ot a little longer than eye; maxillary barbel # to once length of head; outer mandibular barbel longer than inner, $ to # length of head. Gill-erakers moderate, 10-13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 15 to 14 times as distant from end of snout and from root of caudal; spine rugose but not serrated, about 4 length of head ; first and second soft rays longest, 2 to # length of head. Adipose fin 14 times as long as deep, its base a httle shorter than or nearly equal to that of the dorsal and 3 or a little less than 2 its distance from the latter. Anal 12-14, 8-10 rays branched. Pectoral spine about 4 length of head, very feebly denticulate on both sides in the adult, strongly serrated on inner side in the young. Caudal deeply notched, longest rays 2 to 23 times the median. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Dark brown above, white beneath. Total length 1000 millim. Congo and Lake Tanganyika. 334 SILURIDA. 1. Hgr., type. Lower Congo. Capt. Tuckey (C.). 2. Nic. Coquilhatyille, Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhiez (C.). 3. Her. Kutu, L. Leopold II., Upp. Congo. 45 4-5. Ad. & yg. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (C.). 6-7. Ye. Kondue, Kasai. M. Luja (C.). 8. Skel. Albertville, L. Tanganyika. Capt. Heeq (C.). 14. CHRYSICHTHYS PUNCTATUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 107, pl. xlii. fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 287 (1901). Depth of body 5 to 53 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3} times. Head moderately depressed, 1$ times as long as broad, rugose above; occipital process narrow, in contact with interneural shield ; snout rounded, projecting very slightly beyond mouth, about 4 length of head; eye 4 times in length of head and 14 times in interocular width ; width of mouth about 4 length of head ; premaxillary band of Chrysichthys punctatus. Type (A.M. C.), 2. teeth feebly curved, 4 to 5 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long and narrow band interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel a little shorter than eye ; maxillary barbel ? to $ length of head ; outer mandibular barbel 14 times as long as inner, and # to # length of head. Gill-rakers moderate, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal CHRYSICHTHYS. 335 I 6, 14 times as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout ; spine feebly serrated behind, 3 to # length of head; first soft ray longest, only a little longer than the spine. Adipose dorsal not much longer than deep, its base 2 to 4 that of the rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 24 times its base. Anal 11, 7 rays branched. Pectoral spine nearly as long as dorsal, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal rather deeply notched, with rounded lobes, longest rays twice length of median. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1% times as long as deep. Olive-brown above, white beneath ; a few black dots on the sides. Total length 155 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Yg., types. Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (€.). 15. CHRYSICHTHYS DELHEZI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 108, pl. xlii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss, Bass. Congo, p. 288 (1901), Chrysichthys delhezi. Type (A. M.C.). #. Depth of body 5 to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head much depressed, 14 times as long as broad, covered with thick skin above; occipital process narrow, extending to the small interneural. shield; snout broadly rounded, projecting very slightly beyond lower jaw, 13 (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 5 (young) to 6 times 336 SILURID&. in length of head and 2 to 24 times in interocular width; width of mouth once and #in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 43 to 7 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long and broad band, nearly continuous or narrowly interrupted in the middle, its width a little less than that of the premaxillary band in the adult; nasal barbel 13 to 1} diameters of eye; maxillary barbel } to # length of head; outer mandibular barbel nearly twice as long as inner, } to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers moderate, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, slightly nearer end of snout than root of caudal; spine short, not serrated ; first and second soft rays longest, about 3 length of head. Base of adipose fin a little shorter than that of dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 2 to 3 times its base. Anal 11, 7 rays branched. Pectoral 3 to 3 length of head; spine strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal rounded, very feebly emarginate in the adult, more deeply (median rays 2 length of outer) in the young. Caudal peduncle 13 to 14 times as long as deep. Dark brown above, white beneath. Total length 270 millim. Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Hous Upper Congo. Brussels University. 16. CHRYSICHTHYS MABUSI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 645. Depth of body 43% times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head strongly depressed, 14 times as long as broad, with feeble granular rugosities above; occipital process broad, in contact with interneural shield ; snout broadly rounded, twice as long as eye, which is 6 times in length of head and 24 times in interorbital width ; mouth inferior, its width 4 length of head; preemaxillary band of teeth curved, 6 times as long as broad ; vomerc-pterygoid teeth forming a long but narrow band, narrowly interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel nearly as long as eye ; maxillary barbel $ length of head; outer mandibular barbel 14 times as long as inner, ? length of head. Gill-rakers rather long, 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal; spine strong, serrated behind, 3 length of head ; second soft ray longest, a little shorter than head. Base of adipose fin 2 that of dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 27 times its base. Anal 11, 7 rays branched. Pectoral spine 4 length of CHRYSICHTHYS. dor head, very strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, outer rays about twice as long as middle rays. Fig. 263. fo) Chrysichthys mabusi. Type. 4. 4 Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Olive-brown above, white beneath. Total length 250 millim. Lake Bangwelu. 1. Type. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq., and Father Foulon (C.). 17. CHRYSICHTHYS ORNATUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, ii. p. 39, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1902). Depth of body 4} to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head much depressed, 1} to 1+ times as long as broad, finely granular on the vertex and occiput, striated on the snout; occipital process broad, in contact with interneural shield ; snout broadly rounded, nearly twice as broad as long, not extending beyond lower jaw, its length 2 or a little more than 4 that of head; eye 4 to 54 times in length of head, 12 to 2} times in interorbital width ; width of mouth 13 to 1? times in length of head; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 6 to 8 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a broad band VOL, Il. Z 398 SILURIDA. narrowly interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel + to $ length of head ; maxillary barbel as long as or a little longer than head, sometimes ter- minating in a small warty club-shaped expansion; outer mandibular barbel 3 to ? length of head, inner $ to 2. Gill-rakers moderate, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, equally distant from root of caudal and from end of snout or a little nearer the latter; spine not serrated, 3 length of head; first soft ray longest, shorter than head. Adipose dorsal 2 or 3 times as long as deep, nearly as long as rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to twice its base. Anal 11-13, 6-8 rays branched. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, finely denticulate on outer border, strongly serrated on inner. Caudal COhrysichthys ornatus. Type (A. M.C.). §. deeply forked, with pointed lobes, longest rays 2 to 2} times length of median. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown above, speckled with blackish and with broad blackish bands; one of these extends from‘the operculum to the base of the dorsal, forming a crescent on the nape; another on each side of the body sending off an upper branch to the adipose fin; a narrow interorbital cross-band ; fins spotted with blackish ; a blackish band on each lobe of the caudal ; lower parts white. Total length 190 millim. Upper Congo and Ubanghi. 1-3. Types. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). CHRYSICHTHYS. 339 18. CHRYSICHTHYS MYRIODON. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 139, pl. li. (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 284 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 147. Depth of body 45 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head much depressed, 1§ to 14 times as long as broad, rough on vertex and occiput; occipital process in contact with interneural shield ; snout broadly rounded, scarcely projecting beyond lower jaw, 3 length of head; eye 34 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 14 (young) to 23 times in interocular width ; width of mouth 14 to 2 times in length of head ; preemaxillary band of teeth nearly straight, 6 to 7 times as long Mo ORE Fig. 265. Ohrysichthys myriodoi. Type (A. M.C.). . as broad ; vomero-pterygoid teeth very fine and closely set, forming a long and broad uninterrupted band in the adult (narrower and slightly interrupted in the middle in the young), strongly widening posteriorly ; nasal barbel ? to + diameter of eye; maxillary barbel § to } length of head ; inner mandibular barbel 4 length of head, outer a little less than 3. Gill-rakers 12 (young) to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, once and } as distant from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine nearly $ length of head, rugose, not serrated; first and second soft rays longest, about % length of head. Adipose fin longer than deep, its base 3 that of the dorsal and 4 to } its distance from the latter. Anal 12-14, 8-10 rays branched. Pectoral spine a little longer and stronger than dorsal, strongly serrated on inner side, Caudal Ze 340 SILURID-E. deeply notched, with obtusely pointed lobes, longest rays twice length of median. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. Olive-brown above, white beneath; young with a blackish spot at the end of the dorsal, and another on each lobe of the caudal. Total length 470 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Ad., type. Tembwi. Prof. J. B.S. Moore (C.). 2. Skel. Kinyamkolo. i BG WR Kibwest. =] 19. CHRYSICHTHYS BRACHYNEMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 286 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 148, pl. xv. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 32 times. Head much depressed, 1§ or 1+ times as long as broad, covered Fig. 266. Chrysichthys brachynema, Type (Tr. Z. 8.1901). 4. with thick skin above; occipital process hidden under the skin, but reaching interneural shield; snout much flattened, about twice as broad as long, broadly rounded, projecting a little beyond lower jaw, its length + that of head; eye 5 to 6 times in length of head, 2 to 2} times in interocular width; width of mouth 13 to 2 times in length of head; CHRYSICHTHYS.—CLAROTES. O41 premaxillary band of teeth scarcely curved, 5 to 6 times as long as broad ; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a long and broad band, uninterrupted or narrowly interrupted mesially, strongly widening posteriorly in the adult, narrowed and tapering behind in the young; nasal barbel 3 to 15 times diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 4 to} length of head ; outer mandibular barbel 4 to } length of head, inner} to 4. Gill-rakers moderate, 13-18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal ; spine 2 length of head, very feebly serrated in front and behind, covered with thick skin; first, second, and third soft rays equal, about 3 length of head. Adipose fin 1} to 2 times as long as deep, its base hardly equal to that of dorsal, and } to 4 its distance from the latter. Anal 12-13, 8 or 9 rays branched. Pectoral spine thicker and longer than dcrsal, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply notched, with obtusely pointed lobes, longest rays 2 to 25 times length of median. Caudal peduncle 1} tu 1% times as long as deep. Olive above, white beneath. Total length 400 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Ad. & her., types. Kalambo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 4. Her., type. Usumbura. Hp 5. Her. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 16. CLAROTES. Kner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xvii. 1855, p. 313; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 73 (1864) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 339 (1907). Gonocephalus, Kner, 1. ¢. Octonematichthys, Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Ind.-Neerl. iv. 1858, p. 60, and Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 95. Distinguished from Chrysichthys only by the presence of rays (one thick anterior spinous ray and several articulated soft rays) in the adipose dorsal fin. But there is no sign of these rays in very young specimens, the adipose fin of which cannot be distinguished from that of a Chrysichthys ; they first appear as slender, hair-like, horny filaments, and they are gradually transformed into structures similar to those of the anterior dorsal fin, except that they are deprived of endoskeletal supports or baseosts; the spine is formed by the fusion of fulcra-like scutes. Vertebre 43 (19-424), A single species. 342 SILURIDZA. 1, CLAROTES LATICEPS. Pimelodus laticeps, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 7, pl. i. fig. 2 (1829). Bagrus nigrita, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xiv. p. 426, pl. eecexvi. (1839). Bagrus laticeps, Heckel, Russegger’s Reise Egypt. ii. p. 381 (1849). Clarotes heuglinii, Kner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xvii. 1855, p. 313, pls. i. & ii. ; Hyrtl, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xvi. 1858, p. 1, pl. —; Kner, Arch. f. Naturg. 1865, i. p. 101. Octonematichthys nigrita, Bleek. Act. Soe. Se. Ind.-Neerl. iv. 1858, p. 65. Clarotes laticeps, Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 73 (1864), Zool. Rec. 1866, p. 150, and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 231 (1869) ; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p- 39, xvii. 1896, p. 27, and 1897, p. 349; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 340, pl. lsi. (1907). Chrysichthys cranchii (non Leach), Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. 1. 1870, p. 987. Chrysichthys nigrita, Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 40. Depth of body 4+ to 52 times in total length, length of head 24 to 34 times. Head much depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, its Fig. 267. Clurotes laticeps. White Nile (F. N.). 4. upper surface rugose with fine granulations, which are most crowded on the occiput; operculum with radiating strive ; occipital process as long as broad, nearly as long as the small interneural shield with which it is in contact; snout broad, rounded or truncate; eye large, trans- versely oval, 1 (young) to 5 times in length of snout, 1} to 5 times in interocular width; mouth inferior, its width equal to or a little greater CLAROTES. 343 than interocular width ; premaxillary band of teeth 5 to 7 times as long as broad; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a narrow band, often narrowly interrupted in the middle, sometimes also on the sides. Nasal barbel 4 to 2 length of head; mavillary barbel flattened, band-like at base, nearly 1 to 12 times leneth of head ; outer mandibular barbel 1} to 14 times as long as inner, + to nearly once length of head. Gill- rakers rather long, 16-22 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process short, acutely pointed, granulate. Dorsal I 6; spine strong, feebly serrated behind in the young, with granulations in front in the adult, } to 2 length of head; first soft ray longer, but always shorter than head. Second dorsal short, deeper than long, its distance from the first about twice as great as basal length of latter; the rays not distinct in specimens under 100 millim. total length, the strong anterior spine fully ossified in specimens over 400 millim. Anal 12-14, 7 or 8 rays branched. Pectoral much shorter than head, not reaching ventral, with a strong spine bearing 5 (young) to 18 serre on inner side; these serre much stronger in proportion in young than in adult, which have a fine serration on outer edge. Ventral much nearer root of cauda) than end of snout. Caudal deeply forked, lobes acutely pointed in young, more obtusely, or even rounded, in adult. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Tubes of lateral line strongly branched. Brown above, silvery white below; a blackish spot above the humeral process ; a brown or blackish band on each lobe of the caudal fin. Total length 570 millim.; grows to 800. Upper Nile, Blue Nile, White Nile, Bahr-el-Gebel, Webi Shebeli, Tana and Gana (Hast Africa), Chad Basin, Senegal, Niger—Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort/M. Egor 2,3, 4-5. Ad. & yg S 6. Her. dp Sy Nee Sly, Wee 10. Yg. Mil Wee 12. Skel. 13-14. Yv. 15-21. Her. & yg. 22. Ad. 23. Ad. 24-26. Yo. Between Luxor and Assuan. Khartum. Omdurman. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Rosaires, Blue Nile. Mangara, White Nile. Kawa, a ) bb) Nur-ed-Dain, White Nile. Goz abu Gumah, White Nile. Jebelain, bi Gharb-el-Aish, 1 Fashoda, 5 L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. 8. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). chy} a44 SILURIDA, 27. Ad. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. 28-29. Ye. Neatana, Tana R. 30. Head of ad. L. Chad. 31-32. Her. Kano, Hadeija R., Chad Basin. 33. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. 34-36. Yo. Kaédi, - Ole Ad: Niger. 38. Ad. Bs 39-41. Ad. & her. Mureji, Upp. Niger. 42. Her. Oguta, Low. Niger. 43-45. Yg. Abo, a 46. Yg. R. Benue, N. of Ibi. 17. GEPHYROGLANIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 42 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 292 (1901). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 9 M. P. Delhez (C.). Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). J. S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. L. Norton Traill, Esq. (>): Distinguished from Chrysichthys by the absence of teeth on the palate. Nasal barbel short, sometimes hardly developed. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. T. Nasal barbel } to } diameter of eye ; maxillary barbel shorter than head. a. Maxillary barbel not more than 3 length of head; folded dorsal fin not extending to the adipose. Anal with 8 branched rays; adipose fin a little shorter than rayed dorsal ; caudal with acutely pointed lobes ; occiput feebly granulate Anal with 10 branched rays; adipose fin a little longer than rayed dorsal; caudal with acutely pointed lobes ; four longitudinal ridges on the vertex ; occiput strongly rugose . a Anal with 11 to 13 branched rays; adipose fin longer than rayed dorsal ; caudal with obtuse lobes ; head smooth . 6. Maxillary barbel a little shorter than head ; folded dorsal reaching adipose ; anal with 8 branched rays ; caudal with acutely pointed lobes ; occiput striated . bo (3) . G. congicus, Blgr., p. 345. [p. 346. . G. ogoensis, Pellegr., . G. sclateri, Blgr., p. 346. (r. tilhoi, Pellegr., p. 848. GEPHYROGLANIS. 345 II, Nasal barbel 4 to } diameter of eye ; maxillary barbel a little longer than head; folded dorsal reaching adipose, which is shorter ; anal with 8 or 9 branched rays ; caudal with acutely pointed lobes ; vertex and occiput strongly [p. 348. striated and granulate... .. .. . % G. longipinnis, Blgr., 1. GEPHYROGLANIS CONGICUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 42, pl. xx. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 292, pl. xiv. fig. 2 (1901). Depth of body 51 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head depressed, 12 times as long as broad, smooth except on the occiput, which is feebly granulated and striated, and on the operculum, which is striated ; occipital process as long as broad, in contact with interneural shield ; snout obtusely conical, 2 length of head; eye oval, 32 (young) to 6 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; Fig. 268. i Z Gephyroglunis congicus. Type (A. M.C.). 3. nasal barbel very small, not 4 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel hardly half length of head; outer mandibular barbel 3 length of head and about twice as long as inner; mouth not quite + width of head; pre- maxillary band of teeth straight, short and broad. Dorsal I 6, longest ray shorter than head; spine % to 2 length of head, not serrated or feebly serrated behind in the young. Adipose fin 1} times as long as deep, a little shorter than rayed dorsal, its base 25 times in its distance from the latter. Anal 12, 8 rays branched. Pectoral spine $ length of head, feebly serrated on inner border in the adult, strongly in the young. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal 346 SILURID®. peduncle a little over twice as long as deep. Brownish above, white beneath. Total length 480 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 2. GEPHYROGLANIS OGOENSIS. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 179, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) x. 1908, p- 187. Depth of body 5 to 53 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head nearly as deep as broad, 1? times as long as broad, with four longitudinal ridges on the vertex and strong rugosities on the occiput, to which the skin is adherent; occipital process much longer than broad, in contact with interneural shield; snout obtusely conical, more than 2 length of head; eye oval, twice in snout, 43 times in head, 1+ to 14 times in interocular width; nasal barbel 4} diameter of eye; maxillary barbel 2 length of head, outer mandibular 3, inner mandibular ?; mouth 4 width of head; premaxillary band of teeth straight, nearly 4 times as long as broad. Dorsal I 6, not reaching adipose fin when folded, longest soft ray # Jength of head; spine strong, striated, feebly serrated behind, 3 length of head. Adipose fin about twice as long as deep, as long as or a little Jonger than rayed dorsal, its base once and 2 to twice and 4 in its distance from the latter. Anal 15, 10 rays branched. Pectoral spine a little shorter than dorsal, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply forked, longer than head, with long pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep *. Total length 250 millim. Aduma, Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum. 3. GEPHYROGLANIS SCLATERI. Bouleng. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. ii. 1901, p. 228, pl. xiii. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head 1} to 14 as broad as deep, 11 to 14 times as long as broad, perfectly smooth ; occipital process much longer than broad, in contact with the interneural shield; snout obtusely conical, 2 length of head; eye 5 to 6 times in length of head, 14 to 12 times in interocular width ; nasal barbel very short, barely 4 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel } to 3 3B 2 * Described from the type specimen and another, from the same locality, named “ Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus” in the Paris Museum. 9 GEPHYROGLANIS. 347 length of head, outer mandibular }, inner }. Mouth 3 to } width of head ; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 3 to 4 times as long as broad. Dorsal I 7, 13 to 2 times as deep as long, not reaching adipose fin when folded; spine strong, smooth, 3 to # length of head; longest soft ray a little shorter than head. Adipose fin about 3 times as long as deep, a little shorter than its distance from the dorsal, Anal 16-17, 11-13 rays branched. Pectoral spine a little shorter than dorsal, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal forked, with obtuse lobes, shorter than the head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Uniform brownish or green above, whitish beneath. Total length 190 millim. Orange River System.—Type in S. African Museum, Cape Town. Gephyroglanis sclateri. Type (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. 1901). 3. 1. One of the types. Vaal R., Transvaal. S. African Museum (P.). 2-3. Ad. & her. Vaal R. at Standerton, Transvaal. S. Pershouse, Esq. (P.). 4, Skel. me 3 i BS 5. Ad. Mooi R. at Potchefstroom, Trans- Capt. Stenning (C.). vaal. 6. Ad. Mooi R., Transvaal. Dr, J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 7. Ad. Kraai R., Cape Colony. 3 348 SILURID&. “ 4. GEPHYROGLANIS TILHOT. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1909, p. 243. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head depressed, slightly striated on occiput and opercle; occipital process longer than broad and in contact with interneural shield; snout as long as eye, which is oval, hardly more than 3 times in length of head, and exceeds a little interorbital width; nasal barbel minute, quite rudimentary; maxillary barbel a little shorter than head; outer mandibular barbel a little longer than inner and nearly 4 length of head; mouth about + width of head. Dorsal I 6, reaching adipose fin when folded, first soft ray produced into a filament, much longer than head; spine 2 length of head. Base of adipose fin 12 times in its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 11, 8 rays branched. Pectoral spine about 4 length of head, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Total length 118 millim. Lake Chad.—Type in Paris Museum. 5. GEPHYROGLANIS LONGIPINNIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 109, pl. xli. fig. 4 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 293 (1901). Depth of body 4% to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head moderately depressed, 15 times as long as broad, rather strongly granulated and striated above; occipital process as long as broad, in contact with interneural shield; snout obtusely conical, as long as eye; latter oval, about 5 times in head, 1 to 1% times in inter- ocular width ; nasal barbel 4 to 4 diameter of eye; maxillary barbel a little longer than head; outer mandibular barbel ? length of head and not quite twice length of inner; mouth 4 width of head ; praemaxillary band of teeth straight, about 3 times as long as broad. Dorsal I 6, reaching origin of adipose fin when folded, first and second soft rays as long as head; spine # length of head, feebly serrated behind. Adipose fin about as long as deep, 3 to } base of rayed dorsal, its base 2 to 24 in its distance from the latter. Anal 15-14, 8 or 9 rays branched. Pectoral spine 3 length of head, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 1} to 13 GEPHY ROGLANIS.—PHYLLONEMUS. 349 times as long as deep. Brownish above, white beneath; a blackish spot behind the gill-cover, fins blackish at the end. Total length 140 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Gephyroglanis longipinnis. Type (A. M.C.). 4. 1. One of the types. Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.). 2. Hgr. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 18. PHYLLONEMUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 552. Like Chrysichthys, but without nasal barbel and with the maxillary barbel fringed on both sides by a leaf-like membrane in its distal part ; only vomerine teeth on the palate. A single species. 1. PHYLLONEMUS TYPUS. Bouleng. |. ¢. pl. xxxii. fig. 3. Depth of body 54 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head smooth, 1} times as long as broad; occipital process very short, widely separated from dorsal; snout flat, broadly rounded, subtruncate, projecting very slightly beyond mouth; eye + length of head, equal to interorbital width; maxillary barhel 14 times as long as head, extending beyond extremity of pectoral ; outer mandibular barbel as long as head, 350 SILURID&. twice as long as inner; vomerine teeth in a short transverse series. Dorsal I 6, a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal ; spine short and feeble; longest rays 3 length of head. Adipose dorsal a little shorter than its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal 12, opposed to adipose dorsal, which is about 3 as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Pectoral spine 4 length of head, strongly serrated on inner border, Ventral inserted a little behind vertical of dorsal, not reaching anal. Fig. 271. Phyllonemus typus. Type (Tr. Z. 8S. 1906). Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Caudal deeply notched. Brown above, white below; maxillary barbels blackish at the end; dorsal dark brown, adipose fin dark brown, white behind; caudal brown, each lobe tipped with white; anal white, dark brown at the base ; ventrals white. Total length 73 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 11 Type. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 19. LEPTOGLANIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 42 (1902). Body more or less elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 5 branched rays; an adipose dorsal fin. Pectoral fin expanded horizontally, with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, behind dorsal. ‘Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other. Eye superior, without free border. Mouth small, with minute teeth ; palate toothless; maxillary much prolonged, movable, connected with the head by a membranous fold. Gill-membranes narrowly attached to isthmus. Air-bladder large, free. Tropical Africa. LEPTOGLANIS. 351 Two species :-— Head twice as long as broad; diameter of eye much greater than interorbital width ; pectoral reaching ventral, its spine slender, TO MOM gg! eM MGI Cleo Nie 1. L. xenognathus, Blgr., p. 351. Head slightly longer than broad; diameter of eye a little less than interorbital width ; pectoral not reaching ventral, its spine stout, strongly serrated. . . - . + | 2. L. rotundiceps, Hilg , p. 352. 1. LEPTOGLANIS XENOGNATHUS. Bouleng. t. c. p. 43, pl. xiv. fig. 1. Depth of body 10 times in total length, length of head 43 times. Head much depressed, twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, half length of head; eye 4 times in length of head, 3 times interocular width; posterior nostril nearer eye than end of snout ; Leptoglanis xenognathus. Type (A.M.C.). 3. maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; maxillary barbel 2 length of head, mandibulars subequal, 4; a narrow occipital process, nearly reaching interneural plate. Dorsal 15, very near head; spine not serrated, 4 length of head, Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 24 times as long as rayed dorsal, a little shorter than its distance from 352 SILURID®. latter. Anal III 5. Pectoral nearly as long as head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; spine slender, not serrated. Caudal rather deeply notched, lower lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Brownish; fins whitish; two transverse series of brown spots on the dorsal and several oblique series of brown spots on the caudal. Total length 55 millim. Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 2. LEPTOGLANIS ROTUNDICEPS. Gephyroglans rotundiceps, Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 412. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head moderately depressed, slightly longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, half length of head; eye 4} to 5 times in length of head, a little less than interocular width; posterior nostril nearer eye than end of snout; maxillary extending to below posterior nostril ; maxillary Leptoglanis rotundiceps. Type. x2. barbel about 3 length of head, outer mandibular 3, inner mandibular 3; occipital process narrow, nearly reaching interneural plate. Dorsal I 4, very near head; spine not serrated, about % length of head. Adipose dorsal low, about 14 times as long as rayed dorsal, shorter than its distance from latter. Anal III 8-9. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching ventral; spine stout, strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal feebly notched. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Pale brownish above, with round darker spots. Total length 37 millim. Bubu River, Masailand.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-5. Types. Bubu R, at Irangi. Prof, 0. Neumann (C.). (Sh) (oy (ss) AMPHILIUS. 20. AMPHILIUS. Pinuvlodus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 114 (1864). Amphilius, Giinth. t. c. p. 115 ; Poche, Zool. Anz. 1902, pp. 121 & 212. Anoplopterus, Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. vi. 2, 1889, p. 15, and Thierw. O.- Afr., Fische, p. 33 (1896) ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) 1. 1898, p. 255, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 41 (1902). Chimarrhoglanis, Vaill. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1897, p. 81. Body more or less elongate, more or less depressed anteriorly. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a soft simple ray and 5 to 7 branched rays ; an adipose dorsal fin. Pectoral fin expanded horizontally, the outer ray more or less thickened but not ossified, formed of very numerous angularly bent articles, bearing an outer series or fringe of hair- like rays. Ventral fin with 6 rays, the outer of which is similar to the outer pectoral. ‘Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other. Eye superior, without free border. Maxillary bone rather large, hidden in the lip but bordering the mouth ; jaws with a band of villiform teeth ; no teeth on the palate. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air-bladder large, free. Vertebree 41 (19-20-+20-21). 8 or 9 branchiostegal rays. A more or less distinct foramen above the axil. Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal entirely in advance of the ventrals, above the space between the latter and the pectorals. A. Head not or but slightly longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, its length not more than twice interocular width; base of adipose dorsal at least nearly twice as long as that of rayed dorsal. 1. Length of head 5} times in total length. Maxillary barbel longer than head; caudal rane [p. 354. ae longer than deep. . . . . . IL. A. uranoscopus, Pteft., . Length of head 4 to 42 times in total length. Petit barbel shorter than fetal length of snout 1% to 2 times interocular width; caudal peduncle not longer than deep. . . . . . 2. A. grandis, Blgr., p. 355. Maxillary barbel as long as head; length of snout 1; times interocular width ; caudal peduncle not longer than deep. . . . . 3. A. krefiii, Blgr., p. 356. Maxillary barbel a little shorter wie Hen beth of snout 1} to 14 times interocular width; [p. 857. caudal peduncle longer than deep. . . . . -4. A. platychir, Gthr., -VOL. Il. oh oo er Sy ay, ; : 2 A 354 SILURID®. Maxillary barbel longer than head ; iength of snout 13 times interocular width ; caudal peduncle not longer than deep. . .. . . d. A. hargeri, Blgr., p. 358. B. Head longer than broad ; te sbingely pointed, its length 2 (young) to 3 times interocular width ; base of adipose dorsal [p- 359. not more than 14 times that of rayed dorsal. 6. A. longirostris, Blgr., II. Dorsal entirely or partly above the ventrais. A. Head but slightly longer than broad ; snout broadly rounded ; interocular width 23-3 times diameter of eye. Length of head 4—43 times in total length ; caudal peduncle a little longer than deep; caudal [p. 360. forked, with rounded lobes. . . . . . . 7. A. atesuensis, Blgr., Length of head 33-33 times in total length ; caudal peduncle as long as deep ; caudal Girt emar- gimate ... . . 8. A. brevis, Blgr., p. 361. B. Head much ee Bite rh baal snout obtusely pointed ; interocular width less [p. 362. than diameter ofeye . 2. . 2. . » « % A. angustefrons, Blgr., 1. AMPHILIUS URANOSCOPUS. Anoplopterus uranoscopus, Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. vi. 2, 1889, p. 16, x. 2, 1893, p. 33, pl. ii. figs. 1 & 2, and Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 33 (1896). Amphilius uranoscopus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, i. p. 64. Amphilius uranoscopus. Type, after Pfeffer (Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 1893), 4. Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 53 times. Head much depressed, a little longer than broad ; snout broadly rounded, nearly 4 length of head; eye very small, about 12 times iu length of head and 5 times in interocular width ; AMPHILIUS. 555 posterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout ; maxillary barbel longer than head, reaching to midway between head and origin of dorsal, outer mandibular a little shorter than head. Dorsal I 6, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, nearly twice as long as rayed dorsal, about half as long as its distance from latter. Anal IL5. Pectoral slightly longer than head. Ventral nearly as long as pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown, upper parts clouded with darker. Total length 150 millim. Ushonda and Mhonda, Upper ranges of Wami River, German East Africa.—Types in Hamburg Museum. 2. AMPHILIUS GRANDIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, i. p. 63, pl. vii. fig. 3. Amphilius leroyt (non Vaill.), Pellegre Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p- 177. Pimelodus (Amphilius) uranoscopus, part., Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p- 411. Depth of body 5} to 63 times in total length, length of head 4 to 42 times. Head much spe not or but slightly longer than broad ; snout broadly rounded, § or a little more than } length of head; eye very small, 9 to 15 ie in length of head, 24 to 34 times in futeroonle width; posterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout ; maxillary barbel } . 2 length of head, reaching or nearly So reaching root of pectoral; outer mandi- Zi bular barbel 5 to 2 length of head, inner about 4. Gill-rakers moderately long, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Amphilius grandis. Type (P.Z.8. 1905). 3. 396 SILURIDZ. Dorsal I 6, mucn nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, 2 to 24 times as long as rayed dorsal, its length 3 to 3 its distance from latter. Anal III 6-7. Pectoral % to $ length of head. Ventral a little shorter than pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Olive-brown above, uniform or spotted or marbled with darker; fins uniform or dotted with blackish. Total length 210 millim. East Africa (Tana to Athi River Systems). 1-3. Types. Chania R. of Tetse, Tana System, 8. L. Hinde, Esq. (P.). 7000 ft. 4-9. Ad. &hgr. Nero-Narok System, 4000-5000 ft. 3 10. Skel. Bs a 11-12. Her. Kibosho, Kilimanjaro. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 13. Ad. Nairobi R., Prov. Kikuyu, Athi M. ©. Alluaud (C.) ; System. Paris Museum (.). 14-16. Ad. &her. Nairobi R., 3500 ft. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). 3. AMPHILIUS KREFFTIL sp. n. Depth of body 63 times in total length, length of head 4} times. Head much depressed, as long as broad; snout broadly rounded, nearly Fig. 276. L enn C3 Suceas Amphilius krefftii. Type. + length of head ; eye very small, 8 to 9 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interocular width ; posterior nostril a little nearer eye than end of snout; maxillary barbel as long as head, reaching a little beyond AMPHILIUS. 307 root of pectoral; outer mandibular barbel 2 length of head, inner ?. Gill-rakers rather long, 7 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, its length about # its distance from latter. Anal III 5-6. Pectoral slightly shorter than head. Ventral as long as pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown above, with more or less distinct blackish spots, whitish beneath; fins greyish, dotted with blackish. Total length 98 millim. East Africa (Pangani River System). 1-2. Types. Usambara, in rivulet running down from Dr. P. Krefft (P.). Anani Hills to Sigi River. 4. AMPHILIUS PLATYCHIR. Pimelodus platychir, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 134 (1864). Chimarrhoglanis leroyi, Vaill. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1897, p. 62. Anoplopterus platychir, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 33 (1896) ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) i. 1898, p. 255, and Trans. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 24. Amplhilius platychir, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1905, i. p. 64. Pimelodus (Amphilius) wranoscopus, part., Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 411. Depth of body 54 to 64 times in total length, length of head 4 to 44 Fig. 277. Amphilius platychir. Type. 4. times. Head much depressed, slightly longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, as long as postocular-part of head; eye very-small, 7 or 8-times in length of head,.2 to 2} times- in interocular width ; posterior nostril 358 SILURIDZ. a little nearer eye than end of snout; maxillary barbel 3 to ¢ length of head, reaching or nearly reaching posterior border of head; outer mandibular barbel 2 to 2 length of head, inner about ?. Giull-rakers moderately long, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, about twice as long as rayed dorsal, its length about 3 to $ its distance from latter. Anal III 6. Pectoral nearly as long as head. Ventral a little shorter than pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal with crescentic emargination. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brownish above, uniform or spotted or marbled with darker; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly spotted with brown. Total length 85 millim. East Africa, westwards to Lakes Tanganyika and Nyassa. 1-4. Types. Sierra Leone (?). Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 5. Hgr. Bubu R., German E. Africa. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 6-7. Ad. Marshes near Mbeti, L. Tan- Prof. J. EH. 8. Moore (C.). ganyika. 8-9. Ad. Between Kondowe and Ka- A. Whyte, Esq. (C.); ronga, L. Nyassa. Sir H.H.Johnston (P.). 10-12. Hyr.& yg. Rh. Ruo, Brit. C. Africa. » 5. AMPHILIUS HARGERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 488. Amphilius hargeri. Type. 4. 3 Depth of body 5} times in total length, length of head 43 times. Head much depressed, slightly longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, nearly 4 length of head; eye very small, 9 times in length of AMPHILIUS. 359 head, 3 times in interocular width; posterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout; maxillary barbel 14 length of head, outer mandibular 4, inner mandibular 3. Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, twice as long as rayed dorsal, nearly as long as its distance from latter. Anal II 7. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Ventral a little shorter than pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Dark olive above, whitish beneath; five round white spots on the back—one in front of the dorsal fin, one on each side of the last rays of the dorsal, one in front of the adipose fin, and one at the posterior extremity of the latter. Total length 80 millim. British Central Africa. 1. Type. Sources of Ruo R., Mlanji, 6500 Ft. R. L. Harger, Hsq. (P.). 6. AMPHILIUS LONGIROSTRIS. Anoplopterus longirostris, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 447. Amphuilius longirostris, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, i. p. 25, pl. i. fig. 3, and 1905, i. p. 64. Depth of body 6 to 9 times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head much depressed, 1} to 1} times as long as broad ; snout Fig. 279. Amphilius longirostris. Type (P. Z. 8. 1903). obtusely pointed, about 2 length of head; eye very small, in second half of head, 8 to 10 times in length of head, 1} to 2 times in inter- ocular width ; posterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout ; 360 SILURIDZ.. 2 maxillary barbel about 3 length of head, reaching root of pectoral or not quite so far; outer mandibular barbel 4 to 2 length of head, inner about 3. Gill-rakers moderately long, 5 or 6 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, 1 to 14 times as long as rayed dorsal, about half as long as its distance from latter. Anal If 6-7. Pectoral 2 to $ lengta of head. Ventral a little shorter than pectoral, far behind base of dorsal. Caudal with crescentic emargination. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Dark olive-brown above, with darker spots or marblings and usually with 4 to 6 more or less distinct large transverse yellowish spots on the back; fins light, with dark spots, which may be disposed in transverse series; caudal usually with two regular blackish bars, or blackish at the base, with a large blackish blotch on each lobe. Total length 140 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Hills in Bulu Country, near G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). Efulen, 1500-2000 ft. 2-10. Ad. & her. 4 11. Skel. *, 3 12-21. Ad., hgr., & yg, Kribi R. A 22-29. 3 Lobi R. . 7. AMPHILIUS ATESUENSIS. Amphilius platychir (non Giinth. 1864), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, il. p. 336. Amphilius atesuensis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 17. Amphilius atesuensis. Type. +4. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4} AMPHILIUS. 361 times. Head much depressed, slightly longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye very small, 9 or 10 times in length of head, 2} to 8 times in interocular width ; posterior nostril a little nearer eve than end of snout; maxillary barbel as long as head or a little longer; outer mandibular barbel a little shorter than head, inner about 2 length of head. Gill-rakers moderately long, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 5-6, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, 14 to 14 times as long as rayed dorsal, its length a little greater than its distance from latter. Anal IL 5-6. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Ventral slightly shorter than pectoral, below posterior rays of dorsal. Caudal forked, with rounded lobes. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown above, speckled with darker, whitish below ; 6 yellowish cross- bars on the back, the first on the nape, the third just behind the dorsal fin; fins whitish, dorsal with a transverse series of small black spots, caudal with a black basal bar and a terminal transverse band of crowded black spots. Total length 60 millim. Gold Coast. 1-4, Types. Atesu R. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 8 AMPHILIUS BREVIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 268, pl. xxix. fig. 3. Amphilius nigricaudatus, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (10) i. 1909, p. 47, fig. Depth of body 6 to 7 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head much depressed, a little longer than broad; snout broadly rounded, 3 to 2? length of head; eye very small, 9 to 12 times in length of head, 24 to 3 times in interocular width ; maxillary barbel $ to once Fig. 281. Amphilius brevis. Type (P. Z. 8. 1902). length of head, rarely a little longer than head, scarcely longer than outer mandibular, inner mandibular 4 to } length of head. Gill-rakers moderately long, wide apart, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, equally distant from end of snout and root of caudal, or a 362 SILURID#. little nearer former. Adipose dorsal low, 14 to 2 times as long as rayed ‘ dorsal, 14 to 14 times as long as its distance from latter. Anal IL 5-6. Pectoral 3 to 8 length of head. Ventral below middle or posterior rays of dorsal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Brown above, uniform or dotted with black, white beneath; caudal peduncle darker towards base of caudal ; fins white, caudal with a large black or blackish blotch, which may be rhomboidal or cruciform. Total length 62 millim. Lindi River (Upper Congo), Ogowe, South Cameroon.—lype in Brussels Museum. 1. One of the types. Lindi R., Congo. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 2-11. Ad. & hgr. Efulen, 8S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 12-16. 99 Biwomi R.., op D 9. AMPHILIUS ANGUSTIFRONS. Anoplopterus angustifrons, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 42, pl. x. fig. 4 (1902). Amphilius angustifrons, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, i. p. 64. Depth of body 7 to 8 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 Fig. 282. Amphilius angustifrons. Type (A. M.C.). x 2. times. Head 1} times as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, 4 length of head; eye moderately large, 6 times in length of head, its AMPHILIUS.—PARAMPHILIUS. 363 diameter greater than interorbital width; posterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout; maxillary barbel about $ length of head, outer mandibular 3. Dorsal I 7, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Adipose dorsal low, about 14 times as long as rayed dorsal, nearly as long as its distance from latter. Anal II 7. Pectoral } length of head. Ventral a little shorter than pectoral, below posterior half of dorsal. Caudal with crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle more than twice as long as deep. Olive above, with 4 or 5 blackish bars, the last at base of caudal. Total length 45 millim. Ubanghi.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Banzyville. Capt. Royaux (C.). 21. PARAMPHILIUS. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1907, p. 23. Closely related to the preceding. Distinguished by the position of the posterior nostril, which is close to the eye, and by the confluence of the adipose dorsal fin with the caudal. A single species. 1, PARAMPHILIUS TRICHOMYCTEROIDES. Pellegr. t. c. p. 24. Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head longer than broad; snout semicircular; eye very small, at the second third of the length of the head; anterior nostril midway between eye and end of snout; interorbital width 3 length of head; maxillary and outer mandibular barbels a little lounger than head, inner mandibular a little shorter. Dorsal I 6, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Adipose dorsal long and low. Anal III 9. Pectoral ? length of head. Ventral slightly shorter than pectoral, below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Uniform olive above, yellowish beneath. Total length 56 millim. Ditinn, Upper Senegal, 3200 feet.—Type in Paris Museum. 364 SILURIDA. 22. PARAUCHENOGLANIS, g. n. Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former composed of a spine and 7 branched rays, and followed by a long adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted below the dorsal fin. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular, on the upper lip, the posterior slit-like. Eye superior, without free border. Maxillary bone rather large, hidden in the lip but bordering the mouth; jaws with a large band of villiform teeth. Gill-membranes free, deeply notched. Air- bladder large, free. Vertebre 39 (16+25). 10 branchiostegal rays. Cameroon, Gaboon. Two species :— Outer mandibular barbel not reaching beyond middle of pectoral fin. . . . . . . I. P. guttatus, Lonnb., p. 364. Outer mandibular barbel reaching extremity OL pectoral ing... oe ea) 2s ase. macrostoma, jbellecieap soo: 1. PARAUCHENOGLANIS GUTTATUS. Pimelodus guttatus, Linnb. Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Firh. Stockholm, 1895, no. 3, p. 184. Auchenoglanis guttatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 40 (1902). Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 3} to 3 times. Head much depressed, 13 to 13 times as long as broad, its upper surface smooth; snout broadly rounded, ? length of head; occipital process small, longer than broad, not reaching the feebly developed interneural plate; eye superior, 7 to 10 times in length of head, 24 to 3 times in interorbital width; mouth broad, terminal ; premaxillary teeth forming a long and broad crescentic band. Maxillary barbel # to # length of head, inner mandibular ? to $, outer mandibular nearly as long as head or a little longer, reaching base or middle of pectoral fin. Gill-rakers rather long and widely set, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process small, pointed, smooth. Dorsal I7; spines smooth, 2 to 4 length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 to 6 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 11-12 (7-8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral ; spine PARAUCHENOGLANIS. 365 strong, strongly serrated on inner side. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Yellowish olive to brown above, with round blackish spots, which may form more or less regular transverse series on the Parauchenoglanis guttatus. Nyong R. 5. body; young brown with yellowish cross-bars, in addition to the dark spots; fins with round blackish spots. Total length 245 millim. Cameroon.—Type in Stockholm Museum. 1-8. Ad., hgr., & yg. Kribi R., S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 9-11. Hgr. & yg. Nyong R., . “A 12-18. Ad., hgr., & yg. Ja R,, o eB 19. Skel. - a fs 2, PARAUCHENOGLANIS MACROSTOMA. Auchenoglanis macrostoma, Pellegr. Bull. Soe. Philom. (10) i. 1909, p. 48, fig. Depth of body 43 times im total length, length of head 33 times. Head as in the preceding, but barbels longer, maxillary and inner mandibular as long as head, outer mandibular much longer and reaching extremity of pectoral fin. Dorsal 1 7; spine smooth, ? length of head. Adipose dorsal neariy 4 times as long as deep, about twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, Anal 12 (9 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral; spine strong, serrated on inner side. Ventral not » 366 SILURIDA. reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Brown above, yellow beneath, with small dark spots; five transverse series of more or less confluent black spots on the body; dorsal and anal with small black spots. Fig. 284. Parauchenoglanis macrostema. Type, after Pellegrin (/.¢.). 4. Total length 240 millim. Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum. 23. AUCHENOGLANIS. Auchenaspis (non Egerton), Bleek. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p, 101; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 137 (1864). Auchenoglanis, Giinth. Zool. Ree. i. p. 165 (1865) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 294 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 344 (1907). Oayglanis, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p. 249. Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former composed of a spine and 7 or 8 branched rays, and followed by a very long adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, just behind the vertical of the dorsal fin. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular, on the upper lip, the posterior slit-like. Eye supero-lateral, with free border. Preemaxillaries small ; maxillaries, hidden in the lip, comparatively large, bordering the mouth. Jaws with villiform teeth, which may be reduced to small groups; palate toothless. Gillemembranes free, feebly notched. Air-bladder large, free. AUCHENOGLANIS. 367 Vertebree 43-48 (18-21+4 25-27). 9 branchiostegal rays. Intestinal canal much elongate and forming numerous convolutions. Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Occipital process and interneural plate large, granulate like the head. Snout 4 or slightly more than 4 length of head ; re illany barbel more aa 3 length of head, reaching beyond posterior border of eye, not [p. 367. much shorter than outer mandibular . . . 1. A. biscutatus, I. Geoffr., Snout usually more than } length of head ; max- illary barbel 4 to a little over } length of head, not extending beyond eye, usually [p. 369. shorter than outer mandibular . . . . . 2. A. occidentalis, C. & V., II. Occipital process and interneural plate narrow, often indistinct under the skin. A. Occipital process in contact with interneural plate; maxillary barbel not more than 4 length of head. Longest dorsal rays 4 length of head . . . . 3. A. ngamensis, Blgr., p. 371. Longest dorsal rays a little longer than head . . 4. A. altipinnis, Blgr., p B. Occipital process not in contact with interneural plate. ee barbel 4 to # length of head, more than 4 as long as outer mandibular; eye 7-10 times in length of head . . . . . do. A. ballayi, Sauv., p. 373. Maxillary barbel $ length of head, not $ as ene as outer nee a ; eye 6 times in length Gir |NeRGl ng on or aimee ee » » 6. A. ubangensis, Blgr., p. 375. Maxillary barbel as long as head, a little meres than outer mandibular ; eye 6 times in length Olgheudy rereety .wieiny. tlt lvlesndue. WHiMeAl, punctatus loi. pe onOn 1, AUCHENOGLANIS BISCUTATUS. Pimelodus biscutatus, 1. Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 301, pl. xiv. fig. 1 (1827) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 197 (1840). Douq Majeq, Ritaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. exciii. no. 35 (1830). Auchenaspis biscutatus, Bleck. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 101. Auchenaspis biscutatus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 137 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 232 (1869). Auchenoglanis biscutatus, part., Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 296 (1901). Auchenoglanis biscutatus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 263, and Fish. Nile, p. 344, pl. Ixii. (1907). Depth of body 34 to 5 times in total length, length of head 22 to 34 368 SILURIDA. times. Head moderately depressed, 13 to 13 times as long as broad, its upper surface and the operculum rough with granular asperities and covered with a very thin skin; occipital process rounded, as long as broad or broader than long, in contact with or narrowly separated from a large, granulate interneural shield; snout pointed, 4, or slightly more than 3, length of head (measured to base of occipital process); eye supero-lateral, 2} (young) to 4} times in length of the snout, 5 (young) Fig. 285. Auchenoglanis biscutatus. Gondokoro (F. N.). 3. to 84 times in length of head, 13 (young) to 3 times in interorbital width; mouth small, nearly terminal, with thick papillose ips; pre- maxillary teeth in two small, oval or pyriform longitudinal groups, close together. Maxillary barbel 3 to ¢ length of head, reaching more or less behind posterior border of eye; outer mandibular barbel as long as or a little longer than maxillary, more than twice as long as inner mandibular, which is inserted on lower lip. Gill-rakers rather long and widely set, 9-11 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process small, acutely pointed, granulate. Dorsal 1 7; spine strong, with granular asperities in front, } to 2 length of head. Adipose dorsal 24 to 3 times as long as deep, 2 to 24 times as long as rayed dorsal, from which it is separated by a space equal to 4 to 4 its own length, extending nearly to root of caudal, Anal 10-12 (6 or 7 rays branched). Pectoral reaching or nearly reaching ventral, spine very strong, granulate on outer side, with AUCHENOGLANIS. 369 10 (young) to 20 strong serre on inner side. Ventral equally distant from anterior or posterior border of eye and from root of caudal, reaching, or nearly reaching, anal. Caudal rounded, obliquely truncate, or feebly emarginate. Brown, olive, or dark green, uniform or with small round blackish spots, which may be numerous or few and scattered, or confined to the fins ; the spots smallest, and often mere dots, on the rayed fins ; the spots on the body large in the very young. Lower parts white. Total length 350 millim. Lower Nile to Bahr-el-Gebel ; Chad Basin; Niger ; Calabar.—Type in Paris Museum. Mg Gx Goz-abu-Gumah, White Nile. LL. Loat, Hsq. (C.). 2-11. Ad.,her., & yg. Fashoda, 4 12. Her. Tonga, 55 13. Ad. Mouth of L. No, rs bs 14-23, 24-33. Ad., Gondokoro, Balr-el-Gebel. her., & yg. 34. Her. Kano, Hadeija R., Chad Basin. Capt. G.B. Gosling (P.), 35. Her. Mareji, Upper Niger. J.S. Budgett, Hsq. (P.). 36, Yg. Cross R. district, Oid Calabar. = Major W. A. CG. Cock- burn (P.). 2. AUCHENOGLANIS OCCIDENTALIS. Pimelodus occidentalis, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 203 (1840). Auchenaspis biscutatus, part., Giinth, Cat. Fish. v. p. 137 (1864). Auchenaspis biscutatus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 993, pl. vi. figs. 3 & 4. Oxyglanis sacchii, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p. 250. Auchenoglanis biscutatus, part., Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 296 (1901). Auchenoglanis oecidentalis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 263, and Fish. Nile, p. 847, pl. Ixiii. (1907). Auchenoglanis occidentalis, var. tanganicanus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p- 553, pl. xxxiil. Auchenoglanis occidentalis, var. tchadiensis, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1909, p. 244. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the longer and more pointed snout, which measures usually more than half length of head, and 3 (young) to 8 times diameter of eye; maxillary barbel always shorter than outer mandibular, $ to a little over 4 length of head, not extending beyond posterior border of eye. Adipose fin often deeper behind than in A. biscutatus and its outline ascending more gradually. Olive or brown, uniform or spotted with dark brown or blackish ; these spots, when present, larger than in A. déscutatus, often very large on the VOL. II. 2B 370 SILURID. dorsal and caudal fins, where they are separated by a narrow network of the pale ground-colour. Total length 510 millim. Lower Nile to Blue Nile and Bahr-el-Gebel; Lake Rudolf; Lake Chad, Senegal; Niger; Congo; Lakes Tanganyika, Mweru, and Bangwelu.—Type in Paris Museum. Fig. 286. Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Mouth of L. No(F. N.). 4. il, Wee, Near Luxor. L. Loat, Esq. (P.). 2. Yg. Between Luxor and Assuan. 4 3-4. Yg. Kosheh, Nubia. as 5-9. Her. & yg. Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. ((.). 10-11. Her. Omdurman. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 12-13. Ad. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. a 14-15. Ye. Goz-abu-Gumah, White Nile. m9 16. Ad. Gharb-el-Aish, “ m 17-18. Ad. & her. Fashoda, a A 19. Ad. Mouth of L. No, i Ws 20-24. Ad. & her. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. 61) 25. Head of ad., dry. L. Chad. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 26-28. Yg. Fort Lamy, Shari R. 9 29. Ad. Kaédi, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 30. Ad., stuffed. Senegal. 31-32. Ad. & hgr. | McCarthy Id., Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 33. Ad. Mureji, Upp. Niger. os AUCHENOGLANIS. 371 34. Her. Oguta, Low. Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 35-37. Yg. Abo, $5 is 38. Yg. Agberi, Pe sp 39. Yg. Assay, 5 53 40. Ad. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 41. Skel ss » 42. Her. Benue R., north of Ibi. H. L. Norton Traill, Esq. (C.). 43. Ye. Near Leopoldville, Congo. Drs. Dutton, Christy, & Beh or Todd (P.). 44, Yo. Sankun R. at Kondue, Kasai, M. E. Luja (C.). Congo. 45, 46-49, Ad. & hgr. Monsembe, Upp. Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 50. Ad. Bikoro, L. Tumba, Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 51. Skin. L. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 52. Her. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 53-54. Yg. Kinyamkolo, L. Tanganyika. Prof.J.E.S. Moore (C.). 5d. Ad. Middle of L. Tanganyika. me 56-57. Ad. Kalombo, oF a 58. Her, Mtondwe Bay, ,, Dr. W. A. Cunnington (cepa 3. AUCHENOGLANIS NGAMENSIS, sp. n. Depth of body 5} times in total length, length of head 5} times. Head moderately depressed, 15 times as long as broad, upper surface smooth ; operculum with radiating striz ; occipital process small, longer than broad, in contact with the moderately large interneural plate ; snout pointed, 4 length of head; eye supero-lateral, 8 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; mouth small, nearly terminal, with thick papillose lips; premaxillary teeth in a small patch a little broader than long, with notched posterior border. Maxillary and inner mandi- bular barbels $ length of head; outer mandibular slightly shorter than head, reaching base of pectoral fin. Gill-rakers rather long, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process short, triangular, feebly striated. Dorsal I 7; spine moderately strong, smooth, } length of head, as long as longest soft rays. Adipose dorsal 9 times as long as deep, originating immediately behind rayed dorsal and extending nearly to root of caudal. Anal 13 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral; spine strong, strongly serrated on inner side. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Olive-brown, with numerous small round black spots, some of which form vertical bars on the sides of the body; belly white. 2B 2 a2 SILURIDA. Total length 220 millim. Lake Neami district, Bechuanaland. Fig. 287. Auchenoglinis ngamensis. Type. 3. 1. Type. Okovango R., near 1. Neami. KR. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 4, AUCHENOGLANIS ALTIPINNIS, sp. n. Depth of body 4% times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head moderately depressed, 1} times as long as broad, upper surface smooth ; operculum with radiating striz; occipital process small, longer than broad, in contact with the moderately large interneural plate ; snout pointed, a little more than } length of head; eye supero-lateral, 7 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; mouth small, nearly terminal, with thick papillose lips ; premaxillary teeth ina small reniform patch. Maxillary barbel ? length of head, inner mandibular 4, outer mandibular a little shorter than head and reaching base of pectoral fin. Gill-rakers rather long, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process narrow, pointed, feebly striated. Dorsal 1 7; spine mederately strong, smooth, 3 length of head; longest soft rays slightly longer than head. Adipose dorsal 6 times as long as deep, originating immediately behind rayed dorsal and extending nearly to root of caudal. Anal 13 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral; spine strong, strongly serrated on inner side. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal rounded. AUCHENOGLANIS. 373 Brown above, with ill-defined large round darker spots above the lateral line and a longitudinal dark band below it; belly whitish, rayed fins without spots. Fig. 288. Auchenoglanis altipinnis. Ato Total length 210 miilim. South Cameroon (Ja River, Congo System). 1. Type. Ja R. at Hsamesa, G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 5. AUCHENOGLANIS BALLAYI. Pimelodus balayi, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1878, p. 98, and N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 44; Vaill. Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) vi. 1894, p. 77. Pimelodus guirali, Thomin, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) x. 1886, p. 162. Auchenoglanis ballayi, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 295 (1901 ). Auchenoglanis pulcher, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 267, pl. xxix. fig. 2. Depth of body 4 to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head moderately depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, its upper surface smooth or feebly rugose; operculum with more or less distinct radiating strive; occipital process small, longer than broad, narrowly but distinctly separated from the feebly developed interneural plate; snout pointed, } or a little more than } length of head; eye supero-lateral, 7 to 10 times in length of head, 2 to 3 times in inter- orbital width ; mouth small, nearly terminal, with thick papillose lips ; 374 SILURIDZ. premaxillary teeth in a small reniform group. Maxillary barbel } to 3 length of head, inner mandibular 4 to 3, outer mandibular as long as head or a little shorter, reaching base of pectoral fin. Gill-rakers rather long and widely set, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral process narrow, pointed, smooth or striated. Dorsal I 7; spine mode- rately strong, smooth or with very feeble retrorse serre on anterior side of distal third, } to 2 length of head; longest rays shorter than head. Adipose dorsal 4 to 6 times as long as deep, as long as or much longer than its distance from rayed dorsal, not extending to root of caudal. Anal 11-12 (7-8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral; spine strong, strongly serrated on inner side. Ventral not reaching anal. Fig. 239. ot KK Auchenoglanis ballayt. Young, type of A. pulcher (P. Z. S. 1902). Caudal rounded. Brown or olive, with round blackish spots, white beneath ; the spots forming regular transverse series in the young; an elongate blackish blotch may be present on each side above the pectoral ; dorsal and caudal fins with small round blackish spots. Total length 350 millim. Cameroon, Gaboon, Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 1, 2-5. Ad. & yg. Kribi R., S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (€.). 6, 7. Skels. By a o) Nig: Zima Country, S. Cameroon. if 9. Hgr. Nyong R., sf Bs 10-11. Yg. Ja R. at Bitye, y ns 12. Ad. Ja R. at Hsamesa, _,, re 13. Yi; Ngomo, Ogowe. Rev. HE. Haug (C.) ; Paris Museum (B.). 14. Yg. Abanga R., Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 15-16. Yg.,tvpes Lindi R., Upper Congo. M. M. Storms (C.) ; of A. pulcher. Brussels Museum (P.). oo =1 ou AUCHENOGLANIS. 6. AUCHENOGLANIS UBANGENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 41, pl. xi. fig. 3 (1902). Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly rugose above ; snout pointed, half length of head; occipital process small, longer than broad, not reaching the feebly developed interneural plate; eye supero-lateral, 6 times in length of head, 2 times in interorbital width ; mouth half Fig. 290. Auchenoglanis ubangensis. Type (A. M.C.). 2. width of head; premaxillary teeth forming a small reniform group. Maxillary and inner mandibular barbels equal, } length of head; outer mandibular 14 times length of head, nearly reaching extremity of pectoral fin. Humeral process small, pointed, striated. Dorsal I 7; spine smooth, with a few very feeble retrorse serree on the anterior border near the extremity, 4 length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, separated from rayed dorsal by a space equal to # its length, narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 12 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching ventral, spine strong, smooth on outer side, with 376 SILURIDA. rather strong serr on inner side. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded (2). Dark brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 165 millim. Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 7. AUCHENOGLANIS PUNCTATUS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 267, pl. xxix. fig. 1. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head smooth, 13 times as long as broad; snout pointed, 3 length of head ; eye 6 times in length of head, hardly twice in interocular width ; width of mouth more than half that of the head; lips wide, papillose; premaxillary teeth forming a short and narrow band, the mandibulars two rounded groups; maxillary barbel as long as head, reaching middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel 14 times length of head, inner $; occipital process small, as long as eye, separated from the interneural shield, which is very small. Humeral process small, pointed. Dorsal I 7; spine smooth, 2 length of head. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, nearly reaching caudal, narrowly separated from rayed dorsal. Pectoral spine half as long as head, its inner edge strongly Vig. 291, Auchenoylanis punctatus. Type (P. Z. 8. 1902). serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Anal 10 (7 rays branched). Caudal rounded. Pale brownish, with seven indistinct darker bars, each accompanied by a vertical series of black dots ; belly white; dorsal and caudal fins with transverse series of dark spots. Total length 80 millim. Lindi River, Upper Congo.—Type in Brussels Museum. oo =I =~ NOTOGLANIDIUM. 24. NOTOGLANIDIUM. Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 336. Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins rather long, the former composed of a spine and 14 or 15 branched rays, and followed by a very long adipose fin which extends to the caudal. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted below the posterior part of the dorsal. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular and on the upper lip, the posterior slit-like. Eye superior, without free border. Pre- maxillaries small ; maxillaries rather long, hidden in the much developed, papillose lip; jaws with villiform teeth; palate toothless. Gill- membranes feebly notched, narrowly attached to isthmus. Gold Coast. 1. NOTOGLANIDIUM WALKERI. Giinth. t. c. p. 337, pl. xxxii. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Fig. 292. Notoglanidium walkerv. Type, after Giinther (P. Z. S. 1902). 3. Head rather strongly depressed, 1} times as long as broad, smooth above; snout obtusely pointed, a little shorter than postocular part of 378 SILURID. head; no occipital process; posterior nostril nearer eye than end of snout; eye small, 9 times in length of head, 34 times in interocular width. Maxillary barbel 2 length of head, inner mandibular 4, outer mandibular nearly as long as head. Premaxillary teeth forming a reniform group. Géill-rakers few, wide apart. Dorsal I 14-15, rather low, a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal; spine short and smooth, + length of head. Adipose dorsal low, originating at a short distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal 11-12 (9 rays branched). Pectoral 2 length of head; spine strong, not quite 4 length of head, with a few retrorse serre on both sides. Ventral midway between end of snout and root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Reddish brown, darker on the back, with round dark brown spots; smaller spots on the dorsal and caudal fins. Total length 120 millim. Gold Coast. 1-2. Types. Ibbi R. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 25. ANCHARIUS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i. 1880, p. 251; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 478 (1891). Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former composed of a spine and 7 branched rays, and followed by a rather long adipose fin. Ventral fins with 6 rays, well behind the dorsal. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils rather widely separated from each other. Eye supero-lateral, with free border. Mouth moderately large, with broad bands of small, setiform, bicuspid teeth; palate toothless. Gill-membranes narrowly attached to isthmus, not notched, forming a continuous transverse fold. Madagascar. Two species :— Maxillary barbel a little longer than head, reaching beyond base of pectoral; latter reaching ventraly.na eae ae Maxillary barbel 3 length of head, not reaching base of pectoral; latter not reaching JOR! Soa Bia 5 5 0 oO One eR BU athintTD, Illa, jen Gel) 1, A. fuscus, Stdr., p. 379. ANCHARIUS. 379 1, ANCHARIUS FUSCUS. Steind. |. c. pl. iii. fig. 3 & pl. iv.; Sauv. |. c. pl. xlvii. a. fig. 2. Depth of body 3% times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head nearly as long as broad, rugose, granulate from between the eyes to the extremity of the occipital process, which is longer than broad and in contact with the small, likewise granulate, interneural plate; snout broadly rounded, twice as broad as long, ? length of head ; nostrils near end of snout; eye rather small, 8 times in length of head, 3 times in inter- orbital width ; mouth wider than interorbital region. Maxillary barbel as long as head, reaching extremity of humeral process ; outer mandibular barbel about 3 length of head, inner about 3. Humeral process twice as Ancharius fuscus. Type, after Steindachner (J. ¢.). 3. long as eye, pointed, granulate. Dorsal I 7, nearer end of snout than root of caudal; spine strong, nearly as long as head, granulate in front ; adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 4 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 17. Pectoral slightly longer than head, extending to root of ventral, its spine similar to that of dorsal, but serrated on inner side. Ventral midway between eye and caudal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle short. Dark purplish brown above, lighter beneath. Total length 190 millim. Tohizona, Madagascar.—Type in Vienna Museum. 380 SILURID.®. 2, ANCHARIUS BREVIBARBIS, sp. n: Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head a little longer than broad, feebly rugose from between the eyes to the extremity of the occipital process, which is longer than broad and in contact with the small interneural plate; snout rounded, 13 times as broad as long, nearly } length of head; nostrils near end of snout; eye moderate, 53 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width, which equals width of mouth. Maxillary barbel 4 length of head, not reaching base of pectoral; outer mandibular barbel + length of head, inner 4. Humeral process as long as eye, pointed, granulate. Dorsal I 7, nearer Ancharius brevibarbis. Type. 32. end of snout than root of caudal; spine strong, ? length of head, smooth ; adipose dorsal 3} times as long as deep, 13 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, narrowly separated from caudal. Anal 12 (9 rays branched). Pectoral slightly shorter than head, not reaching ventral, its spine similar to that of dorsal, but serrated on inner side. Ventral midway between eye and caudal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle short. Blackish brown above, whitish beneath. Total length 150 millim. Madagascar. 1. Type. Ambohimango, Dr, Forsyth Major (C.). GALEICHTHYS. 381 26. GALEICHTHYS. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 28 (1840), part. ; Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 90; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 174 (1864). Bagrus, part., Mill. & Trosch. Hor. Ichthyol. iii. p. 6 (1849). Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 7 branched rays; a moderately large adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted behind the vertical of the dorsal fin. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils close together. Eyes lateral, with free border. Maxillary bone rudimentary; jaws with a band of yilliform teeth; teeth on the vomer and the pterygoids. Gill- membranes narrowly attached to isthmus, not notched, forming a continuous transverse fold. Vertebre 52 (23-429). Branchiostegal rays 5. Coasts and mouths of rivers of South Africa. ‘Two species :— Caudal tin with long pointed lobes; caudal peduncle at least twice as long as deep . . 1. G. feliceps, C. & V., p. 381. Caudal fin with short obtuse lobes; caudal peduncle not twice aslong asdeep . . . 2. G. ater, Casteln., p. 382. 1, GALEICHTHYS FELICEPS. Cuv. & Val. t. ce. p. 29, pl. cecexxiy. ; Casteln. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 62 (1861); Giinth. t. ec. p. 175; Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 76. Bagrus capensis, A. Smith, Il, Zool. S. Afr., Fish. pl. viii. (1840); Pappe, Syn. Ed. Fish. Cape G. H. p. 29 (1853). Depth of body 4 to 4% times in total length, length of head 5} to 4 times. Head as long as broad or a little longer than broad, moderately depressed, smooth or feebly striated on the occiput and operculum ; a long and narrow occipital process, in contact with a small interneural shield; snout broad, rounded, projecting feebly beyond mouth; eye lateral, oval, 14 (young) to 2} times in length of snout, 43 to 8 times in length of head, 2 to 4 times in interocular width; premaxillary band of teeth 4 to 5 times as long as broad, broader than the crescentic band of teeth on the palate; barbels rather flattened, maxillary about 2 length of head in the adult to once in the young, outer mandibular 4 to %, mner mandibular $ to $. Gill-rakers rather short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 7, 14 to 1} times as distant from 382 SILURIDA. end of snout as from root of caudal, spine } to 3 length of head, very feebly serrated in front and behind. Adipose dorsal 14 to 1} times as long as rayed dorsal, 12 to 24 times its distance from latter. Anal 17-19 (11-13 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar to dorsal, but usually a little longer. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes, upper the longer. Caudal peduncle 2 to 23 times as long as deep. Galeichthys feliceps. Type, after Cuvier & Valenciennes. 3. Olive-brown above, yellowish on the sides, pinkish white beneath ; fins greyish. Total length 420 millim. Damaraland to Natal.—Type in Paris Museum, 1, Ad., skin, type of Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith (P.). B. capensis. 2-5. Yg. Damaraland. 6. Ad. Algoa Bay. J. M. Leslie, Esq. (P.). Mod. * H. A. Spencer, Esq. (P.). 8-9. Ad. & her. Port Elizabeth. Hh 10. Skel. . a 11-20. Eggs & yg. * J. M. Leslie, Esq. (P.). 21, Ad. Natal. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 2. GALEICHTHYS ATER. Casteln. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 62 (1861). Depth of body 4% times in total length, length of head 84: times. Head as long as broad, moderately depressed, smooth; a long and narrow occipital process, hidden under the skin, in contact with a small interneural shield; snout broad, rounded, projecting feebly beyond mouth ; eye lateral, oval, 24 times in length of snout, 8 times in length GALEICHTHYS.—ARIUS. 383 of head, 4 times in interorbital width; premaxillary band of teeth 6 times as long as broad, broader than the crescentic band on the palate ; barbels flattened, maxillary 2 length of head, outer mandibular not quite 3, inner mandibular 3. Gill-rakers rather short, 7 on lower part Fig. 296. Galeichthys ater, 4. of anterior arch. Dorsal I 7, 14 times as distant from end of snout as from root of caudal, spine 4 length of head, not serrated. Adipose dorsal 12 times as long as rayed dorsal, 13 times its distance from latter. Anal 17 (12 rays branched). Pectoral spine a little longer than dorsal, feebly serrated on outer side. Caudal notched, with very short, obtuse lobes. Caudal peduncle not quite twice as long as deep. Blackish green above, lighter beneath ; fins black. Total length 360 millim. Cape of Good Hope. 1, Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 27. ARIUS, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 53 (1840), part.; Mill. & Trosch. Hor. Ichthyol. iii. p. 6 (1849); Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 91; Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 138 (1864), part.; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 298 (1901). Ariodes, Mtll. & Trosch. 1..c. Pseudarius, Bleek. |, c. Body moderately elongate, not or but feebly compressed. Dorsal and 584 STLURID 4, anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 6 or 7 branched rays; a small adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine. Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted behind the vertical of the dorsal fin. Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils close together. Eyes lateral or supero-lateral, with free border. Maxillary bone rudimentary ; jaws with a band of villiform teeth; teeth on the pterygoids, none on the vomer*. Gill-membranes narrowly attached to isthmus, not notched, forming a continuous transverse fold. Vertebrie 48-58 (22-29-+4-27-33). Branchiostegal rays 5 or 6. Tropical Seas ; a few species in fresh waters, or entering rivers. Synopsis of the Species. I. Teeth on palate villiform. A. Maxillary barbel not reaching extremity of pectoral spine. Teeth on palate in two very large groups, con- sisting of an anterior transverse portion narrowly separated from its fellow on the median line, and a posterior triangular portion which is longer than broad ; occipital process broader at base than WON sob O66 Go a 4 Boe ig ala Uae teietntn rll, igh oteah Teeth on palate in two large triangular groups, very narrowly separated on the median line; occipital process broader at base thanwlonGuecnsiate. ait cable a faa Buen clonic blo apes 0. Teeth on palate in two rather small, widely separated, oval or subtriangular groups ; occipital process as long as broad at base. 3. A. heudeloti, C. & V., p. 387, B, Maxillary barbel reaching beyond pec- toral spine; teeth on palate in two irregularly oval groups; occipital [p. 888. process as long as broad at base . . 4. A. madagascariensis, Vaill., IL. Teeth on palate granular. Two groups of teeth on each side of palate, anterior small and rounded, posterior large Ail PET ET 55 Vig e Vall dasa onde oy Bowls kirk, Gthr., p. 389. A large subtriangular group of teeth on each Bidevof palate V0.) 6 2) NE) 6a A Wapmicanns,|Gthins, ps 389. * The teeth on the palate have been described, in the African species, as vomerine and palatine, but the bones that support them are the entopterygoids (or entopterygoids + ectopterygoids), ARLUS. 385 1. ARIUS LATISCUTATUS. Arius latiscutatus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 151 (1864); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 300 (1901). Avius parkit, part., Giinth. t. c. p. 154. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3} to 4 times. Head slightly longer than broad, the posterior part of its upper surface rough with pearl-like granules; occipital process tectiform, broader at base than long, in contact with the interneural shield, which is small and crescentic and studded with granules same as on the skull; snout broad, rounded, projecting feebly beyond mouth; eye lateral, oval, 14 (young) to 24 times in length of snout, 43 to 8 times in length of head, 24 to 5 times in interocular width ; premaxillary band of teeth Fig. 297. Arius latiscutatus. Cameroon. j. 5 to 6 times as long as broad; palate with two very large groups of villiform teeth, consisting of an anterior transverse portion narrowly separated from its fellow on the median line and a posterior triangular portion which is longer than broad; maxillary barbel 3 to 7 (14 in the young) length of head, outer mandibular x to # (or once), inner mandibular ? to %. Gill-rakers moderately long, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 17, spine ? to § length of head, with granular tubercles anteriorly and small serre posteriorly. Adipose dorsal small, its base at least % that of rayed dorsal, about twice as distant from latter as from caudal. Anal 19-20 (13-14 rays branched). VOL. Il. 2c 386 SILURID&. Pectoral spine similar to dorsal. Ventral reaching, or nearly reaching, origin of anal. Caudal deeply notched, with long, pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep. Olive-brown above, silvery on the sides, white beneath ; distal half of pectoral, ventral, and anal fins brown or blackish. Total length 520 millim. Gambia, Niger, Cameroon, Fernando Po, Congo. 1. Her., type. Fernando Po. 2. Ad. Cameroon. Mr. C. L. Salmin (C.). 3. Ye., one of the types of Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). A, parkit. 4, Ad. Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Hsq. (P.). 2. ARIUS GIGAS, sp. n. *. Arius latiscutatus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 151 (1864); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 300 (1901). Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 3} times. Head slightly longer than broad, the posterior part of its upper surface Fig. 298. Arius gigas. Half-erown. 2, o * The name refers to the large skeletons which were regarded by Giinther as the adults of his A. latiscutatus, which differs in the palatal dentition; but the description of the external characters, as here given, is necessarily taken from the much smaller specimen in spirit (total length 275 millim.). ARIUS. 387 rough with pearl-like granules; occipital process tectiform, broader at base than long, in contact with the interneural shield, which is small and crescentic and studded with granules same as on the skull; snout broad, rounded, projecting feebly beyond mouth; eye lateral, oval, twice in length of snout, 6 times in length of head, 5 times in inter- ocular width ; preemaxillary band of teeth 6 times as long as broad ; palate with two large subtriangular groups of villiform teeth narrowly separated from each other in front; maxillary barbel 3 length of head, outer mandibular #, inner mandibular 3. Gill-rakers moderately long, 12-15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 7, spine ¢ length of head, with granular tubercles anteriorly and small serre posteriorly. Adipose dorsal small, its base § that of rayed dorsal, 13 times as distant from latter as from caudal. Anal 17 (12 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar to dorsal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply notched, with long, pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Olive-brown above, silvery on the sides, white beneath ; distal half of dorsal, pectoral, ventral, and anal fins blackish. Total length 1150 millim. Niger. 1. Her., type. Lokoja, Upper Niger. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 2, 3. Skels., types of Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). A. latiscutatus. 3. ARIUS HEUDELOTI. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p, 73, pl. cecexxviii. (1840). Arius parkii, part., Giinth, Cat. Fish. v. p. 154 (1864). Arius park, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xv. 1894, p, 61. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad, the posterior part of its upper surface rough with pearl-like granules ; occipital process tecti- form, as long as broad at base, in coutact with the interneural shield, which is small and crescentic and studded with granules same as on the skull; snout short and broad, projecting very feebly beyond mouth ; eye lateral, oval, 1 to 1} times in length of snout, 5 to 6 times in length of head, 24 to 4 times in interocular width ; premaxillary band of teeth short, 4 times as long as broad; palate with two rather small, widely separated, oval or subtriangular groups of villiform teeth; maxillary barbel as long as or a little shorter than head, outer mandibular } to 3 length of head, inner mandibular { to §, Gill-rakers moderately long, 2¢2 388 SILURID_E. 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 7, spine 3 to # length of head, with granular tubercles anteriorly and small serrz posteriorly. Adipose dorsal small, its base about 4 or § that of rayed dorsal, about twice as distant from latter as from caudal. Anal 17-20 (12-14 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar to dorsal. Ventral reaching, or nearly reaching, origin of anal. Caudal deeply notched, with long, pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep. Fig. 298. Arius heudeloti. Lagos. Rhee Brownish above, silvery on the sides, white beneath; distal half of pectoral, ventral, and anal fins brown. Total length 500 millim. Upper Senegal, Niger, Lagos, Cameroon.—Types, in Paris Museum, examined. 1. Her., one of the types Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). of A. parkit. 2. Her. i a Lagos. J. Wood, Esq. (C.). 3. Her. Cameroon. Dr. J. A. Smith (Rey: 4, ARIUS MADAGASCARIENSIS. Vaill. Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) vi. 1894, p. 77. Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Snout rounded ; eye about 5 times in length of head and 24 times in interorbital width ; palate with two irregularly oval groups of villiform ARIUS. 389 teeth ; maxillary barbel longer than head, reaching beyond pectoral spine, outer mandibular barbel reaching latter point, inner mandibular not extending beyond branchiostegal membrane ; occipital process as long as broad at base, tectiform, in contact with a small cordiform inter- neural shield ; cccipito-nuchal bones with granular rugosities. Dorsal I 6; spine longer than head. Adipose fin about as long as deep, its base considerably shorter than that of rayed dorsal. Anal 16. Pectoral spine # length of head, outer border tubercular, inner border serrated. Ventral reaching anal. Steel-blue above, silvery on the side, pinkish yellow beneath ; dorsal and caudal greyish. Total length 210 millim. Murundava River, W. Madagascar.—Type in Paris Museum. 5. ARIUS KIRKII. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 163 (1864). Depth of body about 5 times in total length, length of head 35 times. Occipital region granulated; occipital process tectiform, broader than long, in contact with a small interneural shield; eye 44 times in length of head and 2 times in interocular width ; premaxillary band of teeth short, about 4 times as long as broad; palate with two patches of granular teeth on each side, the anterior patch small and rounded, widely separated from its fellow and narrowly from the posterior, which is large, subtriangular, and longer than broad; maxillary barbel as long as head. Dorsal I 7, spine # length of head, very feebly serrated in front and behind. Adipose dorsal small, about 25 times as distant from rayed dorsal as from caudal. Anal 17 (12 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar to dorsal, but rather more strongly serrated. Closely allied to the Indian Ocean A. dussumieri, C. & V., and im- perfectly known from a half-skin of a small specimen, the palate of which is injured *. Zambesi. 1. Type, skin. Shupanga. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 6. ARIUS AFRICANUS. Arius falcarius, var. africana, Giinth. & Playf. Fish. Zanzib. p. 114 (1866). Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 14 to 1? times as long as broad, the posterior part of its * The figure of the teeth, as given by Giinther, is consequently not quite correct. 390 SILURIDA., upper surface rough with pearl-like granules ; occipital process tectiform, longer than broad at the base, in contact with the interneural shield, which is small and crescentic and studded with granules same as on the skull; snout short and broad, projecting very feebly beyond mouth ; eye lateral, oval, 15 to 12 times in length of snout, 43 to 54 times in length of head, 2 to 3 times in interocular width; premavxillary band of teeth about 5 times as long as broad; palate with two large triangular groups of granular teeth, narrowly separated from each other in front. Arius africanus. Type. 4. Gill-rakers rather long, 14 or 15 on lower part of antericr arch. Dorsal 17, spine 2 to # length of head, very feebly serrated on both sides. Adipose dorsal small, its base 3 to # that of rayed dorsal, 13 to 2 times as distant from latteras from caudal. Anal 19-21 (13-15 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar to dorsal. Ventral not reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, with long pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Brownish above, silvery on the sides, white beneath. Total length 250 millim. Pangani River, East Africa. 1-2. Types. Pangani Kt. Sir Lambert Playfair (P.). 5, 4. Types, skins. %? ” (Sb) (Is) dt SYNODONTIS. 28. SYNODONTIS. Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 203 (1817) ; Cuy. & Val: Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 244 (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 210 (1864); Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) vii. 1895, p- 233, & viii. 1896, p. 87 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 301 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 350 (1907). Brachysynodontis, Bleek. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. viii. 1863, p. 54. Pseudosynodontis, Bleek. t. ¢. p. 55. HHemisynodontis, Bleek. 1. ¢. Letosynodontis, Bleek. 1. ¢. Body short or moderately elongate, more or less compressed. fin short, formed of a strong spine and 6 or 7 branched rays; a large or very Jarge adipose dorsal fin. Pectoral with a strong spine. Ventral fin with 7 rays, inserted behind the vertical of the dorsal. A cephalo-nuchal bony shield, united to the clavicular bones. ‘Three pairs of barbels : maxillary and two mandibulars, all or at least the latter branched. Nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular. Eyes lateral or- supero-lateral, with free border. Mouth with more or less developed lips ; a band or series of conical premaxillary teeth ; movable, slender, more or less curved teeth implanted in the lower lip, usually followed by small teeth on the lower jaw; palate toothless. Gill- membranes confluent with the skin of the isthmus, Air-bladder large, Dorsal free. Vertebre 36-44 (13-17-+-22-27). 7 branchiostegal rays. Intestine very elongate, forming numerous convolutions. Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Maxillary barbel not branched; gill-opening not extending downwards beyond base of pectoral fin. A. Movable mandibular teeth 70 to 80; band of premaxillary teeth rather long, extending along the whole width of the mouth; head smooth above, or with feeble vermicular rugosities; snout longer than post- ocular part of head. Adipose dorsal 24 to 34 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; caudal lobes produced into long filaments; skin not ts Villosetemiy. te, Miner 3 me . 1. S. candalis, Blgr., p. 39 Adipose dorsal 14 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; skin villose on sides . 2. S. polyodon, Vaill., p. 398. cod ~ > “ te - . ey fem: “ 392 SILURID. B. Movable mandibular teeth not more than 65; band of praemaxilary teeth not extending along the whole width of the mouth ; head more or less rugose above. 1. Humeral process pointed, bearing spines; movable mandibular teeth 36 to 55 ; skin villose on the sides. Snout longer than postocular part of head ; maxillary barbel not distinctly fringed ; ventral not reaching beyond origin of anal. 3. S. acanthomias, Blgr., p. 400. Snout not longer than postocular part of head ; maxillary barbel not distinctly fringed ; ventral reaching beyond origin of anal . 4. S. omias, Gthr., p. 401. Snout not longer than postocular part of head ; maxillary barbel broadly fringed ; ventral reaching anal. ........../).. «..).'% 5. S. budgetti, Blgr., p. 403. 2. Humeral process pointed, without spines. a. Spine of dorsal fin not serrated in front *. a. Maxillary barbel # to 1? times length of head. * Snonut not or but little longer than postocular part of bead. + Maxillary barbel not or but feebly fringed. t Movable mandibular teeth 20 to 48 ; base of adipose dorsal 2} to 6 times its distance from rayed dorsal. § Interorbital width not half length of head ; 24-36 movable mandibular teeth ; humeral process longer than broad. Inner mandibular barbel with the basal branches short, with tubercular ramifications ; pec- toral spine feebly serrated on outer border ; ventral usually not reaching anal; skin more or less villose on sides . . . . . 6. S. schall, Bl. Schn., p. 404. Inner mandibular barbel with the basal branches short, with tubercular ramifications ; pec- toral spine moderately or strongly serrated on outer border ; ventral usually reaching anal; skinsmooth . . ... . . . 7. S. gambiensis, Gthr., p. 407. Inner mandibular barbel with long slender branches without tubercular ramifications ; pectoral spine moderately serrated on outer border; skin smooth . . . . . 8. S. ocellifer, Blgr., p. 409. §§ Interorbital width half, or nearly half, length of head in adult ; 33-48 movable mandibular teeth. Ventral reaching anal, both acutely pointed ; humeral process not much longer than deep ; Vein awe og 5 5 4 5 Oe Sh Sb yfmomonms, Wenllll:, p. 410. * Sometimes very slightly in S. caudovittatus and S. gambianus. SYNODONTIS. 393 Ventral reaching anal, both rounded ; humeral process not much longer than deep ; skin Smoot ae) eee |) PO meee Se coudouitatusy Digi. p- 412. Ventral not reaching anal, both rounded ; humeral process narrow, much Jonger than deep; skin granular . . . . . . . IL. & granulosus, Blgr., p. 413. +t Movable mandibular teeth 20 to 40; base of adipose dorsal 1} to 24 times its distance from rayed dorsal ; humeral process longer than broad. Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer border, not reaching ventral ; mandibular barbels with long slender branches ; skin smooth. 12. S. zambesensis, Peters, p. 415. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides, nearly reaching ventral; mandibular barbels with long slender branches ; skin [p. 416. Smoothe. so Mo Sia . 13. 8. nigromaculatus, Blgr., Pectoral spine strongly senrated on both sides nearly reaching ventral ; mandibular barbels with long slender branches ; skin villose on sides . . . Bhs . . 14. S. melanostictus, Blgr., p. 418. Pectoral spine strongly seetated on both sides, not reaching ventral ; mandibular barbels with short, mostly bifid branches ; skin [p. 419. Smoother i ee ee een iD. Semuarltomaculatus. ler. ttt Movable mandibular teeth 14 to 21 (usually less than 20). Pectoral spine very feebly serrated or nearly smooth on outer side; adipose dorsal 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; spine of dorsal a little shorter than [p-. 420. head ; head little longer than broad . . 16. S. mult‘punctatus, Blgr., Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer side ; adipose dorsal 12 to 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; spine of dorsal a little shorter than head ; head 14 times uswlonedas broadsieiyen ile Us . 17. S. victoria, Blgr., p. 421. Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer or adipose dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; spine of dorsal much shorter than head ; anal pointed in front . . . 18. S. nebulosus, Peters, p. 423. Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer side ; adipose dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; spine of dorsal a little shorter than head; anal rounded . . . 19. S. woosnami, Blgv., p. 424. 394 SILURID &. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides ; adipose dorsal not longer than its distance from rayed dorsal; spine of dorsal about 4 |p. 425. length of head «2... . 5... 20: S. marmoratus, Lonnbi, tittt Movable mandibular teeth 45 to 54; base of adipose dorsal 14 to 24 times its distance from rayed dorsal ; pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides. Humeral process much longer than broad ; skin villose on sides. . . . . . . . 21. 8S. afro-jischeri, Hilg., p. 425. Humeral process not longer than broad. . . 22. S. fuelleborni, Hilg. & [ Pappenh., p. 427. tf Maxillary barbel strongly margined at the base, the marginal membrane at least nearly as broad as the barbel. t Movable mandibular teeth 45 to 50. Anterior soft rays of dorsal much produced . 23. S. eupterus, Blgr., p. 427. tt Movable mandibular teeth 30 to 43. Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer side ; adipose dorsal not more than twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. . . . 24. S. nigrita, C. & V., p. 429. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides ; adipose dorsal 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal . . . . . 25. S. melanopterus, Bler., p. 431. ttt Movable mandibular teeth 15-28. Humeral process not much longer than broad ; adipose dorsal 1} times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; maxillary barbel $ length of head . . . . . . 26. S. macrostigma, Bler., p. 432. Humeral process longer than broad; eye at least twice in interorbital width ; adipose dorsal 14 to 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; maxillary barbel 1} to 1} length of head -. . . . . . 27. S. obesus, Bler., p. 433. Humeral process much longer than bids eye not twice in interorbital width ; adipose dorsal 24 to 33 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; maxillary [p. 435. barbel 14 to 1} leneth of head . . . . 28. S. robbianus, J. A. Smith, * Snout considerably longer than postocular part of head. t Maxillary barbel not distinctly margined. { Movable mandibular teeth 50-55; maxillary barbel not longer than head. Skin yvilloseonsides . . .. =. ». . . ,..29, S. haugt, Pellegr. p. 436. SYNODONTIS. 395 tt Movable mandibular teeth 30-35 ; maxillary barbel longer than head. Humeral process keeled, sharply pointed ; skin villose on sides Humeral process feebly peeled Prarie pointed ; skin smooth i Humeral process not keeled, cle pointed ; skin smooth . .: . tt Movable mandibular teeth 15-20; maxillary barbel not or but slightly longer than head. Humeral process much longer than broad; snout twice as long as postocular part the eadicy celeste, A's MAG atte . S. courteti, Pellegr., p. 441. . 30. S. depauwi, Blgr., p. 438. . 31. S. tholloni, Blgr., p. 439. . 82. S. angelicus, Schilth., p. 440. Humeral process little eens ita re snout not twice as long as Sgeolh part Ofphead) wns fcr . « . « 34. S.vardalis, Blgr., p. 442. tt Maxillary barbel very distinctly margined at base. Movable mandibular teeth 20-26; adipose dorsal shorter than head . . . . « . 35. S. ornatipinnis, Blgr., p. 444. Movable mandibular teeth 18-20; adipose dorsal longer than head . 86. S. soloni, Blgr., p. 445. 6. Maxillary barbel 4 to 2 length of head; snout much longer than postocular part of head. * Movable mandibular teeth 24-30. Suout 24 times postocular part of head, acutely pointed ; adipose dorsal a little shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal ; maxillary barbel 2 length of head>. . . 37. S. guttatus, Gthr., p. 447. Snout 2 times postocular part of head, obtusely pointed ; adipose dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; maxillary barbel } length of head . . . . . . 38. S. longirostris, Blgr., p. 448. ** Movable mandibular teeth less than 10. Snout 2 times postocular part of head, termi- nating in a globular swelling; adipose dorsal nearly twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal; maxillary barbel 2 length of head . . . . . 39. 8. labeo, Gthr., p. 449. Snout 14 times postocular part of sida ‘46h mi- nating in a spatulate expansion ; adipose dorsal much shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal; maxillary barbel 4 lengthofhead .... . 9. 1. . . 40. S. vaillanti, Blor., p. £50: 396 SILURID. Snout 24 times postocular part of head, termi- nating in a pointed process; adipose dorsal 14 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; en barbel 4 length of head . .. . A Pa may S. aiphias, Gthr., p. 451. y. Maxillary barbel 2 to 4 times length of head; snout not or but slightly longer than postocular part of head. Movable mandibular teeth 40-65; maxillary barbel not extending beyond ventral ; skin villose on sides. . . . . . . . 42. S. greshoffi, Schilth., p. 452. Movable mandiblar teeth 18-25; maxillary barbel extending far beyond ventral ; skinsmooth . ..... .. . . 43. S. alberti, Schilth., p. 454. b. Spine of dorsal serrated in front. a. Maxillary barbel without distinct margin; adipose dorsal rather small, not longer than its distance trom rayed dorsal; snout as long as postocular part of head. Movable mandibular teeth 30-40 . . . . . 44. S. batesii, Blgr., p. 455. 6. Maxillary barbel broadly margined ; adipose dorsal large, 4 to 8 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ; snout longer than postocular part of head. Movable mandibular teeth 30-48 ; skin smooth. 45. S. serratus, Riipp., p. 457. Movable mandibular teeth 18; skin villose on sides) es) nee nine aL OstS noeledensien Gthieapyd oo. 3. Humeral process rounded or broadly truncate behind ; maxillary barbel more or less broadly margined at base. a. Eyes supero-lateral, or nearly perfectly lateral, but not visible from below. a. Movable mandibular teeth 16-20. Maxillary barbel a little shorter than head ; adipose dorsal much longer than head ; movable mandibular teeth barely +} diameter of eye . . . - . . . . 47. S. filamentosus, Blgr., p. 460. Maxillary barbel a little merce than head ; adipose dorsal a little longer than head ; movable mandibular teeth nearly 4 diameter of eye). 2 2. «8. . 48. S. smiti, Blgr., p. 461. Maxillary barbel longer than head ; arnt dorsal much shorter than head ; movable mandibular teeth barely } diameter of eye. 49. S. notatus, Vaill., p. 462. 8. Movable mandibular teeth 6-12 ; adipose dorsal nearly as long as head. Maxillary barbel not longer than head ; moyable mandibular teeth not more than 4 diameter OE nog Be be 5 6 oo oO OUR Sh eipnion, oR. jis thoes SYNODONTIS. 397 Maxillary barbel not more than 4 length of head ; movable mandibular teeth at least aslongaseye. . » . ss » « « « OL. S. sorex, Gthr., p. 465. b. Hyes perfectly lateral, visible from below as well as from above ; movable mandibular teeth 12-19 ; adipose dorsal shorter than head. Maxillary barbel shorter than head . . . . 52. S. pleurops, Blgr., p. 466. II, Maxillary barbel branched; gill-opening not extending downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Movable mandibular teeth 4-11; maxillary barbel not margined, with short branches ; adipose dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ee cE OOO naecorUsm Doma pncOos Movable mandibular teeth 6-9; maxillary barbel with a distinct marginal membrane at base and with long, slender, finely tuberculate branches; adipose dorsal much longer than its distance from rayed dorsal. 54. S. clarias, L., p. 469. Movable mandibular teeth 60; maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane and short, obtuse branches ; adipose dorsal nearly touching rayed dorsal. . . . . 55. S. resupinatus, Blgr., p. 471. III. Maxillary barbel not branched, but broadly margined ; gill-opening extend- ing downwards beyond base of pectoral spine ; adipose dorsal touching rayed dorsal. Gill-openings widely separated ; mandibular barbels branched but not margined ; movable mandibular teeth 30-57 . . . 56, S. batensoda, Riipp., p. 472. Gill-openings separated by a narrow isthmus ; mandibular barbels branched at the base, with a membranous margin at the end ; [p. 474. movable mandibular teeth 6-9 . . . . 57. S. membranaceus, Geoftr., 1. SYNODONTIS CAUDALIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 44, pl. xxii. fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 306 (1901). Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 to 43 times in total length. Head as broad as long, nearly smooth above; snout rounded, 4 length of head; eye supero-lateral, 5$ to 6 times in length of head; 2 to 24 times in interorbital width; lips much developed; premaxillary teeth forming a rather long and moderately broad band ; movable mandibular teeth hardly 4 diameter of eye, 70 to $0 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, 15 to 13 times length of head; mandibular barbels with 398 SILURIDA. moderately long branches with tubercular ramifications, outer a little longer than inner and 3 length of head. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield smooth, convex, only a little longer than broad, with posterior processes sharply pointed or obtuse. Humeral process feebly striated, narrow and sharply pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine not very strong, hardly 2 length of head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 2} to 3} times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as or a little shorter than Sunodontis caudalis, Type (A. M.C.). 2. head, strongly serrated on both sides, especially behind. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched, both lobes produced into a long filament. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Uniform brownish. Total length 140 millim. Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2, Two of the types. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2, SYNODONTIS POLYODON. Vaill. C. R. Soc, Philom. 1893, p. 48, and N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 127, pl. xi. fig. L. Depth of body 4} times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head slightly longer than broad, with feeble vermicular rugosities above; snout rounded, 4 length of head; eye supero-Interal, 54 times in length SYNODONTIS. 399 of head, twice in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; pre- maxillary teeth forming a long and moderately broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter Fig. 302. of eye, forming a long series, about 75 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, a little longer than head, extending a little beyond base of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels short, outer about 4 length of head, with simple branches, inner shorter and with ramified branches. Gill- opening not extending downwards Synodontis polyodon. After Vaillant, l.c. 2. beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield with feeble vermicular rugosities, obtusely tectiform, a little broader than long, with posterior processes obtuse. Humeral process striated, keeled, longer than deep, acutely pointed. Skin villose on sides. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly as long as head, striated, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3} times as long as deep, about 1} times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, strongly serrated on both sides, especially on the inner, Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brownish ; caudal with traces of dark spots forming four or five transverse series. Total length 175 millim. Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum, 400 SILURIDA, 3. SYNODONTIS ACANTHOMIAS, Synodontis omias (non Giinth.), Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) vili. 1896, p. 130, pl. xiii. fig. 2. Synodentis acanthonias, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 46, pl. xxiii. (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 310 (1901). Depth of body equal to or a little greater than length of head, 3% to 4% times in total length. Head as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes; snout obtusely Fig. 303. Symodontis acanthomias, Type (A. M. C.). 3. pointed, 14 to 14 times length of postocular part of head; eye supero- lateral, 54 to 74 times in length of head, 2 to 3 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; preemaxillary teeth forming a broad and rather short band; movable mandibular teeth nearly 4 diameter of eye, 36 to 50 in number. Maxillary barbel not distinctly margined, 1 to 14 times length of head, reaching anterior third or middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbels twice as long as inner, with long slender branches, inner with shorter branches bearing tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield obtusely tectiform, rough like SYNODONTIS. 401 the occiput, 14 to 1} times as long as broad, with truncate or pointed posterior processes. Humeral process 2$ to 3 times as long as broad, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal shield, armed in the adult with several strong spines directed backwards; these spines reduced to 2 or 3 in the young. Skin villose on the sides. Dorsal I 6-7; spine as long as or a little shorter than head, striated, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 to 7 times as long as deep, 3 to 5 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8-10, rounded or obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine a little longer than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching anal or not. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Greyish or brownish above, uniform or with small round blackish spots, yellowish white beneath. Total length 400 millim. Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Boma, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Ad. Matadi, 4 M. P. Delhez (C.). Gy ak Stanley Pool. M. De Meuse (C.). 4-5. Ad. & her. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 6. Ad. Stanley Falls. Rev. W. H. Bentley (C.). 7-10. Ad. & her. Upper Congo. Brussels University. . Skel. Fy Rey. G. Grenfell (P.). 4. SYNODONTIS OMIAS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 213 (1864) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 311 (1901). Depth of body equal to length of head, 35 times in total length. Head a little longer than broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes ; snout very obtusely pointed, as long as or slightly shorter than postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 5 to 6 times in length of head, 2 to 2} times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a broad and short band ; movable mandibular teeth barely } diameter of eye, 40 to 50 in number. Maxillary barbel with a rudiment of fringe at base, a little longer than head, reaching anterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with short branches bearing tubercular ramifications, outer twice as long as inner. Gill- openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield obtusely tectiform, feebly rugose like the occiput, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, with rounded or truncate posterior processes. Humeral process 14 times as long as broad, VOL, Il. 2b 402 SILURIDZ. extending as far back as occipito-nuchal shield, with 2 or 3 strong spines directed backwards. Skin villose on the sides. Dorsal 17; spine as long as or a little longer than head, feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 33 times as long as deep, twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal V 7-8, pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply Fig. 304. Synodontis omias. Jebba. 3. forked, upper lobe the longer and produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Uniform brownish. Total length 550 millim. Niger. 1. Ad. Jebba, Upper Niger. ‘apt. G. I. Abadie (P.). 2. Skeleton, type. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (©.). . Skel. W. Africa. Oo SYNODONTIS. 405 5. SYNODONTIS BUDGETTI, sp. n. Depth of body equal to length of head, 33 times in total length. Head slightly longer than broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero- lateral, 64 times in length of head, 24 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a broad and short band; movable mandibular teeth barely + diameter of eye, 55 in number. Fig. 305. Synodontis budgette. 1 Type. 3. Maxillary barbel with a broad fringe at base, 12 times as long as head, nearly reaching extremity of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short branches bearing tubercular ramifications, outer twice as long as inner. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield obtusely tectiform, feebly rugose like the occiput, 13 times as long as broad, with rounded posterior processes. Humeral process 13 times as long as broad, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal shield, with 3 strong spines directed backwards. Skin villose on the sides. Dorsal 17; spine as long as head, bearing a long filament, feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, very feebly serrated 2D2 404 SILURIDE. 9 behind. Adipose dorsal 5 times as long as deep, 5} times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal V 7, pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, both lobes produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Uniform brown. Total length 540 millim. Niger. 1. Type. Lokoja, Upp. Niger. J.S8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 6. SYNODONTIS SCHALL. Schall, Sonnini, Voy. Egypte, 13. p. 278, pl. xxi. fig. 2 (1799). Stilurus schall, Bloch-Schneid. Syst. Ichth. p. 885 (1801). Pimelodus clarias, Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. pl. xiii. figs. 3 & 4 (1809). Synodontis clarias, 1. Geottr. op. cit. p. 316 (1827). Synodontis maculosus, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 10, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1829). Synodontis arabi, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 261 (1840). Synodontis schall, Hyrtl, Denksehr. Ak. Wien, xvi. 1859, p. 16; Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 212 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 235 (1862) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 533 ; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 121, & vii. pl. x. fig. 7; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 221, fig.; Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 36 (1896); Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p- 246; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 566, and Fish. Nile, p. 353, pl. liv. (1907). Hemisynodontis schall, Bleek. Nedcrl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 55. Leiosynodontis maculosus, Bleek. 1. c. Synodontis smithii, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1896, p. 222, pl. ix. ; Vincig. 1. e. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head 31 to 4 times. Head 1} to 1§ times as long as broad, little broader than deep, rugose above behind snout, which is rounded and as long as or shorter than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 45 (young) to 8 times in length of head, 12 to 21 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not more than $ diameter of eye, 24 to 36 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, # to 1% times length of head, reaching between base and posterior fifth of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with long, slender branches, latter with shorter branches, with tubercular ramifications. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 2 times as long as broad, with posterior SYNODONTIS. 405 processes pointed or truncate. Humeral process much longer than broad, very obtusely keeled, the keel sometimes very indistinct, sharply pointed, usually extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Skin more or less villose on sides. Dorsal I 7; spine # to slightly over once length of head, straight or curved, striated and sharp-edged or very finely granulate in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 to 43 times as long as deep, 24 to 44 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 1V 8—9, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as or slightly longer or a little shorter than that of dorsal, rarely reaching root of ventral, outer border very finely, inner border strongly serrated. Fig. 306. Synodontis schall. Lower Nile (fF. N.). 3. Ventral usually not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer, sometimes prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or deeper than long. Grey, brown, or olive above, white beneath; adults uniform, with the paired fins and the anal sometimes blackish ; half-grown with very numerous dark dots; young handsomely marbled and spotted, with wavy and oblique bands of yellowish, and two or three more or less regular yellowish streaks along the snout. Total length 410 millim. Nile; Lakes Abaia, Stephanie, and Rudolf; Chad Basin ; Senegal. 1-2. Ad, Lower Nile. J. Petherick, Hsq. (C.). 3. Skel. ) 22 9-16. Ad., her., & yg. 17. Skel. 18-27. Ad., her., & yg. 98-29. Ad. & her. 30-34. Her. & yg., SILURID. Near Ghat-el-Nassara, L. Menzaleh (fresh water). Freshwater canal near San, L. Menzaleh. Samannud, Damietta Nile. 3) bed Rosetta Nile, near Barrage. Cairo. 9 types of S. maculosus. 35-40. Ad., hgr., & yg. 41-49. Yo. 50. Ad. 51-52, 53. Ad. 54-62. Hor. & yg. 63. Yg. 64. Ad. 65-66. Ad. & her. 67-70. Her. 71-74. Yg. 75. Hgr. 76. Ad. 77-86. Yg. 87-106. Ye. 107-126. Yg. 127-134. Ad., hgr., & yg. 139-141. Ad. &her. 142, 143-145. Ad. & yg. 146-149. Her.&yg. 150, 151-155. Ad. & yg. 156-159. Ad. & yg. 160-161. Ad. & yg. Cairo. Near Cairo. bb) Giza, near Cairo. Beni Souef, Low. Nile. Sanhur, a Birket Karun, Fayum. 9 BP) Bahr Selah, Fayum. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. Achmein, Low. Nile. Luxor. Near Luxor. Canal at Thebes. Between Luxor and Assuan. Near Assuan. Abu Hor, Upp. Nile. Mirrwau and El Maharraka, Upp. Nile. Anebi and Abu Simbal, Upp. Nile. Wady Haifa, Upp. Nile. Kosheh, Upp. Nile. Khartum. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Roseires, Blue Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. Riippell (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). by) Capt. 8. Flower (P.). 3) L. Loat, Esq. (C.). bb) Dr. Cunnington and C. L. Boulenger, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Ped Y. Burges, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). ” J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. Capt. 8. Flower (P.). SYNODONTIS. 407 162-163. Her. Nur-ed-Daim and Kaka, L. Loat, Esq. (C.). White Nile. 164. Ad. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. i. 165. Ye. Fashoda, White Nile. ee 166-169. Yg. Between Khartum and Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; Sobat. W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). 170. Ad. Polkom, Baro R. FS NTS YANG Mouth of L. No. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 16s “Ade Gondokoro. 6 WO Elon: Sagan R. (u. Rudolf). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. MeMillan, Esq. (P.). 180-182. Her. L. Gandjule (Margherita). p 183. Her. L. Stephanie. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). 184. Ad., type of 33 a S. smithti. 185. Ye. Komadugu R., L. Chad. Paris Museum (#.). 186-188. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 189-191. Ad. hgr., Kaédi, ts be & yg. 192. Her. Senegal. 7. SYNODONTIS GAMBIENSIS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 214 (1864). Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head 33 to 33 times. Head 1} to 14 times as long as broad, rugose above behind snout, which is rounded or obtusely pointed and as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 54 times in length of head, 1} to 24 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band ; movable mandibular teeth not 3 diameter of eye, 20 to 35 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, 1 to 12 times length of head, reaching between anterior fourth and middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with long, slender branches, latter with shorter branches, with tubercular ramifications. Gull-openings not extending downwards beyond reot of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 12 times as long as broad, with posterior processes pointed or rounded. Humeral process longer than broad, without or with very obtuse keel, sharply pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly as long as head, straight or feebly curved, usually terminating in a rather 408 SILURIDA. long filament, striated and sharp-edged or very finely granulate in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 23 to 5 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8-9, pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as or slightly longer than head, not reaching ventral, moderately or rather strongly serrated on outer border, very strongly on inner. Ventral usually reaching anal. Caudal Fig. 307. Synodontis gambiensis. Gambia. 3. deeply forked, upper lobe the longer and more or less produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or deeper than long. Uniform brown above, white beneath ; barbels white ; fins often blackish. Total length 240 millim. Gambia to Niger, Chad Basin. 1. Type, bad state. Gambia. Lord Derby (P.). £-10,11. Ad., hgr., & skel. i J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 12-14. Ad. & yg. Lagos. Sir A. Moloney (P.). 15-17. Yg. Ogun R. at Aro. Major G. HE. Bruce (P.). 18. Hgr. Jebba, Upper Niger. ©. H. Firmin, Esq. (P.). 19. Ad. Mureji, 5 J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 20. Ad. Assay, Lower Niger. +p 21-22. Ad. & hgr. , ai Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 23-25. Ad., hgr., & yg. Fort Lamy, Shari R. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 26. Ad., skin. Lake Chad. $3 SYNODONTIS. 409 8 SYNODONTIS OCHLLIFER. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 514. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 33 to 334 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above behind snout, Fig. 308. Synodontis ocellifer. Type. 3. which is obtusely pointed and considerably shorter than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about } diameter of eye, 20 to 30 in number. Maxillary barbel with a very narrow marginal membrane at base, 14 to 1} times length of head, reaching between middle and extremity of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender branches, outer 13 to 2 times as long as inner. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Humeral process longer than broad, granulate, without keel, sharply pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. 410 SILURIDA. Dorsal 1 7; spine a little shorter than head, curved, striated, smooth in front, rather feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 4 to 6 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7-8, rounded or obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, sometimes reaching ventral, feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral reaching anal or narrowly separated from it. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Grey-brown above and on the sides, white beneath ; body and adipose fin with large black-and-white ocellar spots or round black spots disposed with greater or less regularity at consider- able intervals ; caudal fin with numerous small round blackish spots. Total length 490 millim. Gambia, Niger. 1-2. Types. Kunchow Creek, Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 3. Skel. st sy Bs 4-6. Ad. Mureji, Upp. Niger. af 7. Ad. Jebba, 3 C. H. Firmin, Esq. (P.). 9. SYNODONTIS FRONTOSUS. Vaill. C. R. Soc. Philom. 1895, p. 48, and N. Arch. Mus. (3) vii. pl. x. fig. 8, & viii. 1896, p. 147 ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 566, and Fish. Nile, p. 358, pl. Ixv. (1907). Synodontis citernii, Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xix. 1898, p. 247. Depth of body 3 to 33 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, rugose above, the rugosities extending more or less on the snout, which is rounded and as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 13 to 3 times in width of interocular region ; occiput simply convex. Mouth with moderately developed lips; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not more than 4 diameter of eye, 83 to 48 in number. Maxillary barbel with a rather narrow but very distinct marginal membrane in its proximal fourth, 14 to 1} times length of head, reaching middle or end of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel 4 or not quite 4 length of inner, former with long, slender branches, latter with tubercular ramifi- cations. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 1} times as long as broad, with pointed or truncated posterior processes. Humeral process a little longer than broad, flat or with a very obtuse keel, sharply pointed, usually not extending so far SYNODONTIS. 411 as the occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine ? to once length of head, feebly curved, smooth in front, rather strongly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 23 to 4 times as long as deep, 3 to 43 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, Anal IV 8-9, acutely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as or a little shorter than dorsal, not reaching ventral, outer border distinctly serrated in young, smooth or very feebly Fig. 309. Synodontis frontosus. TNO (ESN nee serrated in adult, inner border strongly serrated. Ventral acutely pointed and often produced into a short filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Grey-brown to blackish above and below, lips white; young with the body and dorsal fins spotted with black, with some whitish markings at the base of the caudal; adult uniform or minutely speckled with black. Total length 520 millim. White Nile, Bahr-el-Gebel, Victoria Nile, Omo, Lake Rudolf.—Type in Paris Museum. 1. Her. Goz abu Gumah, White Nile. L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). Dep Ad Gharb-el-Aish, “ » 3-4. Hgr. Fashoda, +5 5 412 SILURID®. 0-8. Hgr. & yg. Between Khartum and the Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; Sobat. W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). 9. Ad. Bahr Zeraf. Capt. 8. Flower (P.). 10. Skel. Near Tonga, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 11-14. Ad. & hgr. Mouth of L. No. ss 15-16, Ad. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. “ 17. Ad. Fajao, Victoria Nile. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 18. Ad. Omo R. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). 19-21. Ad. Ghgr. L. Rudolf at Galeba. Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). 10. SYNODONTIS CAUDOVITTATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 10, and Fish. Nile, p. 361, pl. Ixvi. (1907). Depth of body 3 to 5} times in total length, length of head, 34 to 33 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose, granulate above; snout rounded, as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of ’ Fig. 310. Synodontis caudovittatus. Type (F.N.). head; eye supero-lateral, 43 to 5 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in width of interorbital region ; lips moderately developed; pre- maxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth SYNODONTIS. 413 not 4 diameter of eye, 33 to 38 in number. Maxillary barbel without or with a mere rudiment of a marginal membrane, 1} to 14 times as long as head, reaching middle of posterior fourth of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel twice or a little more than twice as long as inner, former with long slender branches, latter with tubercular ramifications. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, ob- tusely tectiform, with pointed or truncate posterior processes. Humeral process flat, granulate, a little lofger than broad, sharply pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process, or not quite so far. Dorsal I 7; spine feebly curved, as long as or a little shorter than head, smooth or very finely serrated in front, feebly serrated behind, with short or rather long filamentous prolongation. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 33 to 5 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as or a little shorter than head, feebly but distinctly serrated on the outer edge, very strongly on inner, reaching or nearly reaching ventral ; latter rounded, extending to or slightly beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Grey, tinged with olive on the head and back ; fins dark, except the spines and their filaments, which are whitish ; caudal fin greyish white, with a deep black band along each lobe; barbels white. Total length 240 millim. White Nile. 1. Type. Mouth of Lake No. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 2. aes Kawa. fe 30 Os Nur ed Daim. Pa 11. SYNODONTIS GRANULOSUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 480, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 308 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 149, pl. xvi. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 to 3} times in total length. Head not or but slightly longer than broad, covered with granular asperities from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 55 to 6 times in length of head, 24 to 25 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth barely 4 diameter of eye, 40 to 42 innumber. Maxillary barbel without marginal membrane, as long as or a little longer than head, not extending beyond 414 SILURID&. auterior third of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short branches, especially near base, where they are tubercular, outer 3 times as long as inner. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipitc-nuchal shield rough like occiput, tectiform, a little longer than broad, with rounded posterior processes. Humeral process rough with granular asperities, keeled, narrow, sharply pointed, extending nearly as far back as occipito-nuchal shield. Skin of whole body, in- cluding adipose fin, with small, closely-set, granular papilla. Dorsal 17; spine feebly curved, a little shorter than head, striated, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 24 to 34 times as-long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8, rounded. Pectoral Fig. 311, Synodontis granulosus. Type (Tr. Z. 8S. 1901). Yole spine as long as dorsal, feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner, not reaching ventral. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Olive above, yellowish beneath ; dorsal, anal, and paired fins black in front, orange behind ; caudal black, with a broad orange posterior margin. Total length 230 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. North end of L. Tanganyika. Prof, J. E, 8. Moore (C.). SYNODONTIS. 415 12. SYNODONTIS ZAMBESENSIS. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 214 (1864) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 31, pl. v. figs. 2 & 3 (1868) ; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 126; Pfefft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 37 (1896) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 314 (1901). Synodontis gambiensis, part., Giinth. & Playf. Fish. Zanzib. p. 115, pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1866) ; Vaill. t. c. p. 155. ? Synodontis zanzibaricus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 600; Vaill. t.c. p. 157. Synodontis punctulatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 71, and 1896, p. 223 ; Vaill. t.c. p. 138. Synodontis zambezensis rukwaensis, Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 267. Synodontis nyasse, Keilhack, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1908, p. 168. Fig. 312. Synodontis zanbesensis. Type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 4 Depth of body 34 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 124 to 14 times as long as broad, rugose above behind snout, which is rounded and as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 7 times in length of head, 14 to 3 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; pre- maxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not more than about 4 diameter of eye, 20 to 35 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, 1 to 14 times length of head, reaching between anterior fourth and posterior third of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as 416 SILURIDZ. inner, both with long slender branches without ramifications, or inner with a few tubercular ramifications. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, with pointed posterior processes. Humeral process much longer than broad, not distinctly keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far back, or not quite so far back, as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine 4 to once length of head, feebly curved, striated and sharp-edged in front, rather feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 44 times as long as deep, 14 to 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal I1V-V 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine 3 to once length of head, not reaching ventral, outer border feebly, inner border strongly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Brown or olive, uniform or dotted with black, or with larger round black spots. Total length 230 millim. East Africa, from the Webi Shebeli to the Zambesii—Types in Berlin Museum. 1. Ad. Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). 2-6. Ad. Ngatana, Tana R. Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). 7-8. Ad., types Ruva R., Arusha district. F. J. Jackson, Esq. (P.). of S. punctulatus. 9. Ad. Pangani R. Sir Lambert Playfair (P.). 10. Ad., skin. - He 11. Ad. Zanzibar Coast. a 12-15. Her. Stream running into L.Nama- Capt. C. Percival (P.). ramba, 20 m.E.of L. Nyassa, 3000 ft. 16. Hgr. L. Nyassa. Mr. J. A. Williams (C.). 17-19. Ad. a Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 20-21. Her. & yg. "0 Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 22. Ad. Zambesi below Victoria Falls. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). 13. SYNODONTIS NIGROMACULATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 645. Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly rugose above behind snout, which is rounded and as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 6 times in length of head, 24 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band ; movable SYNODONTIS. 417 mandibular teeth not quite } diameter of eye, about 30 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, 1} times length of head, reaching a little beyond middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, both with long slender branches without ramifications, except at the base of the inner, where they are more tubercular. Gill-opening nct extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 times as long as broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process much longer than broad, not keeled, pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Synodontis nigromaculatus. Type. 3. Dorsal 17; spine as long as head, nearly straight, smooth in front, rather feebly serrated behind, Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 2; times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, strongly serrated on both sides, nearly reaching ventral. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Greyish above, white beneath, covered all over with round black spots, some of which, especially on the posterior part of the body, are confluent into vermicular lines. . Total length 210 millim. - Lake Bangwelu. 1. Type. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). VO! Ir DAD 418 SILURIDA. 14. SYNODONTIS MELANOSTICTUS. Bouleng. Trans. Zool. Soc. xvit. 1906, p. 553, pl. xxxiv. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, strongly rugose above ; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 6 to 64 times in length of head, 24 to 25 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable man- dibular teeth not quite $ diameter of eye, 30 to 40 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, 1} to 14 times length of head, reaching anterior third on middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel 2$ to 3 times as long as inner, both with long slender branches without ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 13 times as long Fig. 314. Synodontis melanostictus. Type (Ir. Z. 8. 1906). 3- as broad, with rounded or truncate posterior processes. Humeral’ process much Jonger than broad, not distinctly keeled, sharply pointed, SYNODONTIS. Aly extending as far back, or not quite so far back, as occipito-nuchal process. Short villosities on sides of body. Dorsal I 7; spine as long as or slightly shorter than head, feebly curved, front edge sharp or granular, rather strongly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 2 to 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, nearly reaching ventral, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Grey or dark brown above, pale brown or whitish beneath, everywhere closely dotted with black. Total length 520 millim. Lakes Tanganyika, Bangwelu, and Mweru; Upper Zambesi. 1. Type. Lofu, L. Tanganyika. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 2. Ad. L. Bangwelu. I. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 3. Ad. LL. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 4, Ad. Maramba R., Upper Zambesi. T. Codrington, Hsq. (P.). 15. SYNODONTIS MULTIMACULATUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 43, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1902). Depth of body 53 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Fig. 315. Synodontis multimaculatus. Type (A. M. C.). Head 1} times as long as broad, rugose from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width; lips moderately 2H2 420) SILURIDA. developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth 4 diameter of eye, about 30 in number. Maxillary barbel not fringed, as long as head, reaching middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel twice as long as inner, with a few simple, obtuse branches at the base; outer mandibular barbel with short, mostly bifid branches. Gnull-cpening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spime. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, simply convex, hardly longer than broad, with obtusely pointed posterior processes. Humeral process narrow, pointed, rugose, distinctly keeled, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine a little shorter than head, striated, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 14 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 1V 7, rounded. Pectoral spine a little longer than dorsal, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal with moderately deep notch. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown with large darker round spots; smaller spots on the ventral, anal, and caudal fins; large spots forming two series across the dorsal fin. Total length 75 millim. Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 16. SYNODONTIS MULTIPUNCTATUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1598, p. 24, pl. vii. and 1899, p. 95, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 3138 (1901). Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34 to 32 times in total length. Head a little longer than broad, strongly granulate above from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 4} times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable man- dibular teeth barely 3 diameter of eye, 15 to 20 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, as long as or a little longer than head, reaching between base and middle of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender branches without ramifications, outer twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate, tectiform, about 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed. Humeral process granulate, acutely pointed, at least twice as long as broad, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine straight, a little SYNODONTIS. 431 shorter than head, striated, smooth in front, strongly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 to 6 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IJI-[V 6-7, pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, smooth or feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Pale reddish brown Fig. 316, Synodontis multipunctatus. Type (Tr. ZS. 1898). i. above, covered with round blackish spots, which are smaller on the head than on the body; uniform white beneath ; ventrals and anal yellow ; dorsal and caudal broadly edged with yellow. Total length 240 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. Samba. Prof. J. HE. 8. Moore (C.). PE INGE Kalambo. oe 3-4, Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 17. SYNODONTIS VICTORIA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 488, and Fish. Nile, p. 363, pl. Ixvii. fig. 1 (1907). Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5} to 4 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, granulate above from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 53 to 6 times in length of head, 24 to 24 times in width 429, SILURID&. of interorbital region, which is slightly convex ; occipital region convex ; lips moderately developed; pramaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth 4 diameter of eye, 19 to 21 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at base, nearly as long as head, extending to base of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with slender simple branches, outer nearly twice as long as inner, Gill-opening not extending below base of pectoral fin. Occipito- nuchal shield simply convex, rugose and pitted, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, ending in two blunt points. Humeral process covered with granular asperities, 15 times as long as broad, acutely pointed, not Vig. 317. Synodontis victoric. Type (F.N.). 2. extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 6-7; spine straight, # length of head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 1% to 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal LV 8. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral, feebly serrated on outer side, strongly on inner. Caudal deeply forked. upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or slightly longer. Brown above, white beneath, the brown parts with rather large round darker spots, which may be very indistinct. Total length 250 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 2. Type. Buganga. a SYNODONTIS. 423 18. SYNODONTIS NEBULOSUS. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 682, and Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 28, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868). Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above from between the eyes ; snout as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 43 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; lips moderately de- veloped ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibuler teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 18 in number. Maxillary Fig. 318. Synodontis nebulosus. Type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 3. barbel not margined, a little shorter than head, reaching a little beyond base of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbels twice as long as inner, with short simple branches, inner with very short, bifid branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, as long as_ broad, posterior processes pointed. Humeral process not longer than broad, obtusely pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine shorter than head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal about 5 times as long as deep, as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, pointed in front. Pectoral spine shorter than head, feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Yellowish green above, with ill-defined, irregular, ADA SILURIDA. large blackish spots, yellowish white beneath; fins yellowish green with transverse series of black spots. Total length 150 millim. Lower Zambesi.—Type in Berlin Museum. 19. SYNODONTIS WOOSNAMLI, sp. n. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 53 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above from between the eyes ; snout as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 6 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; Fig. 319. Synodoutis woosname. 3 Type. 2. premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable man- dibular teeth 3 diameter of eye, 20 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, 4 length of head, reaching a little beyond root of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender branches, outer 15 times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, a little longer than broad, posterior processes obtusely pointed. Humeral process slightly longer than broad, obtusely pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine 2 length of SYNODONTIS. 425 head, slightly curved, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 33 times as long as deep, as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 1V 8, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, rather feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral rounded, not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Cauda] peduncle a little longer than deep. Dark brown above, lighter beneath ; back, sides, and fins closely dotted with black. Total length 150 millim. Lake Ngami district, Bechuanaland. 1. Type. Okovango R. R. B. Woosnam, Hsq. (C.). 20. SYNODONTIS MARMORATUS. Lonnb. Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh. Stockholm, 1895, p. 186. Length of head 54 times in total length. Movable mandibular teeth half diameter of eye, 14 to 18 in number. Maxillary barbel longer than head, reaching middle of humeral process, not margined; mandibular barbels with short and broad branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield longer than broad. Humeral process more than twice as long as broad. Dorsal I 7; spine about half length of head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal as long as or shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 11-12. Pectoral spine shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Blackish brown, marbled with white; fins white, marbled with black. Total length 52 millim. Bonge, Cameroon.—Types in Stockholm Museum. 21. SYNODONTIS AFRO-FISCHERI. Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 77; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 37 (1896); Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 161, and Fish. Nile, p. 364, pl. Ixvii. fig. 2 (1907). Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 4 times. Head 1+ to 14 times as long as broad, granulate above, the granulate area usually extending on the snout to halfway between eye and nostrils; snout rounded, as long as or slightly shorter than post- ocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 5 times in length of head, 1} to 24 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; pre- 496 SILURID&. maxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not half diameter of eye, 45 to 54 in number. Maxillary barbel without or with only a trace of marginal membrane, | to 12 times length of head, reaching between anterior and posterior third of pectoral spine ; anterior barbel with slender branches, 12 to 2 times as long as inner, which bears shorter but ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose and convex like the occiput, 1} to 1} times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed. Humeral process much longer than broad, feebly keeled, acutely pointed, extending as far back as occipito- nuchal process, or not quite so far. Skin villose on sides. Dorsal I 7 ; Fig. 320. Synodontis afro-fischer. Bunjako (F.N.). 4. spine straight or feebly curved, # to once length of head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 33 to 4 times as long as deep, 14 to 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7-8, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as ora little shorter than head, not reaching ventral, rather strongly serrated on outer edge, very strongly on inner. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe slightly the longer. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Dark brown above and beneath, with some lighter, yellowish-brown marblings or wavy cross-bands and round blackish spots; fins grey, with transyerse series of black spots sometimes forming cross-bars. Total length 145 millim. Lake Victoria.—Type in Berlin Museum. SYNODONTIS. 427 1. Ad. L. Victoria. Mr. W. G. Doggett (C.); Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 2-3. Ad. Buganga. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 4-13. Ad. & hgr. Bunjako. A 22. SYNODONTIS FUELLEBORNI. Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 265. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head granulate above; snout obtusely conical, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; 51 movable mandibular teeth. Maxillary barbel with distinct marginal membrane at base, reaching extremity of humeral process; outer mandibular barbel reaching base of pectoral spine, with moderately long, simple branches, inner shorter, with short and thick, feebly ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield tectiform, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process triangular, keeled, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine a little shorter than head. Adipose dorsal about twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8. Pectoral spine shorter than head, not reaching ventral, more strongly serrated on inner than on outer border. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Brownish, with irregular dark spots; fins with dark bands. Total length 115 millim. Lake Rukwa, east of Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Berlin Museum. 23. SYNODONTIS EUPTERUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 11, and Fish. Nile, p. 369, pl. Ixviii. (1907). Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 t'mes. Head a little longer than broad, rugose, granulate on vertex and occiput and in front of eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 33 to 4 times in length of head, 13 to 13 times in interorbital width; lips rather feebly developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth barely ¢ length of eye, 45 to 50 in number. Maxillary barbel with a 428 SILURID ©. well-developed marginal membrane at the base, 13 to 13 times as long as head, reaching anterior third or middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with long slender branches, latter with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards below base of pectoral spine. Occipito- nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process flat, granulate, much longer than broad, obtuse-pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process, or not quite so far. Dorsal 17; spine strong, feebly curved, longer than head, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind, the Fig. 321. Synodontis eupterus. Type (F. N.). 3. soft terminal part, as well as the extremity of the anterior branched rays, prolonged into a long filament, the second soft ray being more than twice as long as head. Adipose dorsal 24 to 3 times as long as deep, narrowly separated from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, pointed. Pectoral spine a little longer than head, moderately serrated on outer edge, with very strong serre on inner side, not reaching ventral. Latter pointed, reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe produced. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Dark grey- brown (olive in life), with a few round blackish spots on the head, SYNODONTIS. 429 back, and adipose fin; fins grey or olive, with numerous small round black spots; fringe of maxillary barbels black. Total length 195 millim. White Nile. 1. One of the types. Goz abu Gumah. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 24. SYNODONTIS NIGRITA. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 265, pl. eecexli. (1840); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p- 214 (1864); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 535; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 149, & vii. pl. xiii. fig. 1; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exv. i. 1906, p. 1141; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 366, pl. Ixxi. fig. 1 (1907). Hemisynodontis nigrita, Bleek. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 55. Depth of body 3 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 Fig. 322. Synodontis nigrita. White Nile (F.N.). 3. times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose, granulate above from between the eyes ; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 53 times in length of head, 14 to 23 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not more than 4 diameter of eye, 30 to 35 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane in its basal third, 1 to 1# times length of head, reaching between anterior and posterior fourth of pectoral spine ; cuter mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, both with short, 430 SILURID. tubercular branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, convex or obtusely tectiform, 14 to 1} times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or truncate. Humeral process much longer than broad, distinctly keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far as, and usually beyond, occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine straight or feebly curved, # to once length of head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 2% to 3 times as long as deep, 12 to 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8-9, rounded. Pectoral spine # to once length of head, feebly serrated on outer edge, strongly on inner. Ventral reaching anal or not quite so far. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe slightly the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep ora little longer. Brown or olive to blackish, with more or less numerous round black spots; fins greyish to blackish, caudal with transverse series of black spots or with black cross-bars. Young brown, with two or three irregular wavy, dark-edged light bands on the caudal portion of the body, and spotted all over with blackish, the spots some- times forming cross-bands; a light, dark-edged streak from eye to end of snout ; belly brown, with round darker spots; caudal fin whitish, with 3 to 5 very regular black transverse bands. Total length 170 millim. White Nile, Bahr-el-Gebel, Senegal, Gambia, Niger.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-10. Ad., hgr., & yg. Fashoda, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 11. Yg. Polkom, Baro R. (Sobat). Mr. P. UC. Zaphiro (C.); W.N. McMillan, isq.(P.). 12-13. Ad. Tonga, White Nile. L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). 14, Ad. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. ie 15. Ad. Wadelai, Albertine Nile. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 16. Ye. Kaédi, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 17-19. Ad. McCarthy Id., Gambia. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 20. Skel. i. 4 33 21-23. Ad. Assay, Low. Niger. mn Synodontis humeratus, Cuv. & Val. op. cit. xv. p. 264, is based on a coloured figure made by Rifaud in Upper Egypt. It appears to represent a fish similar to S. nigrita, but the short spine of the dorsal fin, serrated in front as well as behind, precludes its identification with that species. SYNODONTIS. 431 Fig. 323. te Synodontis humeratus. Tracing of the original sketch, reduced to 3. (After Vaillant.) 25. SYNODONTIS MELANOPTERUS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 327, pl. xxix. fig. 1. Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length, length of head 33 to 32 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above behind snout, which is obtusely pointed and slightly longer than postocular part of Fig. 324. Synodontis melanopterus. Type (P. Z. 8. 1902), head ; eye supero-lateral, 53 times in length of head, twice in inter- orbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 2 diameter of eye, 35 to 40 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal 432 SILURID. membrane, 1 to 14 times length of head, reaching between base and middle of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, both with moderately long simple or more or less ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, simply convex or obtusely tectiform, 1 to 13 times as long as broad, with posterior processes pointed or rounded. Humeral process longer than broad, granulate, feebly keeled, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine as long as or shorter than head, feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 34 times as long. as deep, 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as or slightly shorter than head, not reaching ventral, strongly serrated on outer border, still more so on inner. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Dark brown above and beneath ; fins dark brown or black, with some light cross-bands in the young. Total length 205 millim. Lower Niger, Lagos. 1-2. Her. & yg., Oguta, Lower Niger. _ Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). types. 3. Her. Ossomari, es us 4, Ad. Ogun R. at Aro, near Abeokuta, Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Lagos. 26. SYNODONTIS MACROSTIGMA, sp. n. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 34 to 52 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above; snout rounded and as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 6 to 63 times in length of head, twice or a little over twice in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth not quite } diameter of eye, 20 to 26 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane behind and a series of round warts in front, $ length of head, just reaching base of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short tubercular branches, outer not quite twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, merely convex, as long as broad, posterior processes rounded. Humeral process a little longer than broad, triangular, SYNODONTIS. 455 granulate, without keel, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine as long as head, slightly curved, striated, smooth in front (except towards the end), serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 45 times as long as deep, 14 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, rounded. Pectoral spine shorter than dorsal, not reaching Synodontis macrostigina. Type. 2. ventral, rather strongly serrated on outer border, very strongly on inner. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown above, lighter beneath ; back and sides with large round or oval blackish spots ; head and fins with smaller spots. Total length 160 millim. Lake Ngami district, Bechuanaland. 1-2. Types. Okovyango R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 27. SYNODONTIS OBESUS. Synodontis serratus (non Riipp.), Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p- 277. Synodontis obesus, Bouleng. op. cit. (7) 1i. 1898, p. 415. Synodontis robbianus (non Smith), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 337. VOL. II. 2¥ 434 SILURIDA. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head as long as broad ora little longer than broad, rugose above behind snout, which is rounded or obtusely pointed and as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 5 to 6 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth } or not quite } diameter of eye, 18 to 285 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane, 1§ to 13 times length of head, reaching between anterior third and Fig. 326. Synodontis obesus. Type, Old Calabar. 3. middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with moderately long simple branches, latter with shorter branches with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 1} to 13 times as long as broad, with posterior processes pointed or rounded. Humeral process longer than broad, granulate, without or with a very feeble keel, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine 2 to once length of head, more or less curved, striated, smooth in front, SYNODONTIS. 435 feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 13 to 2} times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8-9, rounded or obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as dorsal, not reaching ventral, moderately or rather feebly serrated on outer border, very strongly on inner. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer and more or less produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Brown above and beneath, spotted or dotted with darker, the spots more distinct in the young, in which the fins are whitish, with round black spots. Total length 220 millim, Gold Coast to Gaboon. 1-4. Her. & yg. Offim R., Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Hsq. (C.).; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 5-6. Her. Infoan, 5 Pe 7. Type. Opobo R., Old Calabar. Miss Kingsley (C.). 8. Ad. Enyong R., be Major W. A. C. Cockburn (P.). 9. Ad. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Haq. (C.). 10-11. Types. Gaboon. 28. SYNODONTIS ROBBIANUS. J. A. Smith, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. viii. 1873, p. 92, fig. Depth of body 3} to 3% times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head about 14 times as long as broad, rugose above; snout obtusely pointed and as Jong as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 5 times in length of head, 14 to 13 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandi- bular teeth not quite 4 diameter of eye, 15 to 20 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane, 14 to 14 times length of head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with moderately long, slender branches, latter with short, tubercular branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito- uurhal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, with pointed posterior processes. Humeral process 14 to 2 times as long as broad, granulate, keeled, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine 3 to ? length of head, feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 24 to 35 times as long as broad, 24 to 33 times as long as its 22 436 SILURIDA. distance from rayed dorsal. Anal ILI-IV 8-9, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine a little longer than dorsal, rather strongly serrated on outer border, very strongly on inner. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper Jobe the longer. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Pale brown, blotched or mottled with darker; ventral and anal fins dark, dorsal and caudal lighter, spotted with dark brown ; young with a light streak on each side of the snout, and regular black cross-bars on the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Total length 120 millim. Old Calabar and Lower Niger. Synodontis robbianus. Type. 1. Type. Ikorofiong, Old Calabar R. Dr, A. Robb (C.) ; Dr. J. A. Smith (P.). 2-6. Ye. Oguta, Low. Niger. Dr. W.J. Ansorge (C.). 7-9. Yo. Abo, 55 A ORY. Niger Delta. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 29. SYNODONTIS HAUGI. Synodontis guttatus (non Giinth. 1865), Giinth. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p- 112; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 140 (part.). Synodontis haug/, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1906, p. 470, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 31, pl. i. fig. 3. SYNODONTIS. 437 Depth of body 32 to 4 umes in total length, length of head 34 to 3} times. Head a little longer than broad, granulate above ; snout obtusely pointed, nearly 3 length of head; eye supero-lateral, 43 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interorbital width ; lips rather strongly developed ; movable mandibular teeth not § diameter of eye, 50 to 55 in number, Maxillary barbel not margined, as long as or a little shorter than head, extending slightly beyond base or to anterior third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel not quite twice as long as inner, usually with simple branches, inner with Fig. 328. fee Synodontis haugi. L. Azingo. 3. ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield with granular rugosities, not or but little longer than broad, obtusely tectiform, with rounded posterior processes, Humeral process obtusely keeled, much longer than deep, acutely pointed, extending a little beyond occipito-nuchal process. Skin villose on sides. Dorsal I 6-7; spine as long as or a little shorter than head (2 in young), striated, smooth or feebly granulate in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 tu 3} times 438 SILURIDA. as long as deep, 13 to nearly 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, strongly serrated on both sides, especially on the inner. Caudal deeply forked. Brown, uniform or with very indistinct darker spots on the body and fins ; young with large dark brown spots. Total length 230 millim. Ogowe and Lake Azingo, French Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-3. Ad. L. Azingo, Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). 4. Yg. Lambarene, Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 30. SYNODONTIS DEPAUWI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 45, pl. xxii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 307 (1901). Depth of body equal to or slightly greater than length of head, 32 to 4% times in total length. Head nearly as broad as long, granulate above ; Fig. 829. Synodontis depauwr. Type (A.M.C.). 3. snout rounded, $ length of head or a little less; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; pramaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable’ mandibular teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 30 to SYNODONTIS. 439 39 in number. Maxillary barbel without marginal membrane, 1{ to 14 times length of head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel 2 to 3 times as long as inner, former with long, slender branches, latter with shorter branches with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate, simply convex, 1} to 1} times as long as broad, with posterior processes acutely or obtusely pointed. Humeral process much longer than broad, keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Skin feebly villose on sides. Dorsal I 7; spine about % length of head, nearly straight, striated, sharp-edged in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 34 to 44 times as long as deep, 2 to 33 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, not reaching ventral, strongly serrated on both sides, especially behind. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe usually the longer. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. Uniferm brownish ; young with dark marblings, black spots on the fins, and a black streak along each lobe of the caudal. Total length 210 millim. Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. -2. Two of the types. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 3. Yg. Bumba R. Ce of Sanga R.) G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). at Assobam, 8S. Cameroon. 31. SYNODONTIS THOLLONI. Synodontis robbianus (non Smith), Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 144. Synodontis tholloni, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 304 (1901). Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34 times in total length. Head rugose, granulate above; snout a little more than 4 length of head, rounded ; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, about 30 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, longer than head, extending to middle of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield tectiform, with ota a asperities, the posterior processes rounded. Humeral process 21 times as long as broad, feebly keeled, obtusely pointed. Dorsal 1 7 5 440 SILURID.®. spine strongly curved, a little shorter than head, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal shorter than head, its distance from rayed dorsal less than base of latter. Anal III 8. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal moderately forked. Uniform reddish brown (bleached 2). Total length 144 millim. French Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 32. SYNODONTIS ANGELICUS. Schilth. Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) ili. 1891, p. 87; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 141, & vii. pl. xiv. fig. 1; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 311 (1901). Depth of body 34 to 44 times in Fig. 330. total length, length of head 31 to 32 times. Head as long as broad or a little longer than broad, feebly rugose above ; snout rounded, 14 to 13 times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 44 to 53 times in length of head, 14 to 2 Synodontis angelicus. French Congo, after Vaillant (1. ¢.). 4. times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming ashort and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 3 diameter of eye, 30 to 55 in number. Mavillary barbel without SYNODONTIS. 441 marginal membrane, 1} to 14 times length of head, reaching between basal and distal third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, former with moderately long, mostly bifid branches, latter with shorter branches with numerous ramifications. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield feebly rugose like the occiput, simply convex or obtusely tectiform, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or obtuse. Humeral process much longer than broad, granulate above, striated below, acutely pointed, extending as far back or a little farther back than occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine # to once length of head, more or less curved, striated, smooth in front, strongly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as or a little longer than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral reaching or nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown to blackish above and beneath, with small round or oval yellow spots disposed rather far apart and with great regularity; rayed fins yellow, barred with black, the black bars usually wider than the yellow interspaces ; the yellow spots and the black bars fewer in the young than in the adult. Total length 185 millim. Congo. 1. Type. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (E.). 2. Ad. Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.). 3-4, Ad. &hgr. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 5. Ad. Bolobo, Upp. Congo. Rev. G. Grenfell (P.). 6-7. Ad. Monsembe, _,, Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 8. Ye. Kutu, L. Leopold II. M. P. Delhez (C.). 9. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 10. Yg. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 33. SYNODONTIS COURTETI. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1906, p. 473, and in Chevalier, Afr, C. Franc. p. 449, fig. (1907). Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout subacuminate, twice as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 53 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital 449 SILURIDA. width ; lips much developed; movable mandibular teeth short, 15 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, reaching base of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel with 3, outer with 5 or 6 simple branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield feebly rugose. Humeral process much longer than broad, not keeled, sharply pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal shield. Dorsal I 7; spine 4 length of head, smooth in front. Adipose dorsal 38 times as long as its distance from rayed Synodontis courteti. Type, after Pellegrin (J. c.). Galo dorsal. Anal IV 9, rounded. Pectoral spine stronger and longer than dorsal, not reaching ventral, serrated on both sides. Caudal moderately forked. Greyish, with very numerous black dots on the head and with larger round black spots on the body and fins, those on the sides of the body largest, as large as the eye. Total length 105 millim. Shari River.—Type in Paris Museum. 34. SYNODONTIS PARDALIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 30. Depth of body 43 to 43 times in total length, length of head 32 to 34 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, granulate above; snout obtusely pointed, 14 to 13 times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 45 to 55 times in length of head, 13? to 24 times in inter- orbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, 15 to 20 in number. Maxillary barbel feebly margined at base, as long as or slightly shorter than head, extending to anterior fourth or third of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short tubercular SYNODONTIS. 443 branches, outer twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, a little longer than broad, with posterior processes truncate. Humeral process granulate, not keeled, little longer than broad, obtusely pointed, extending nearly as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine as long as head, Fig. 332. Synodontis pardalis. Type. 3. feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal LV 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal fin deeply notched, crescentic. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. Pale brown above, white beneath ; head with numerous small round dark brown spots ; body with large round dark brown spots, the ground-colour between them forming a light network ; fins white, with more or less regular, horizontal, oblique black bands, 5 to 7 across dorsal, 3 or 4 on ventral and anal, 7 to 11 on caudal. Total length 200 millim. Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon. 444 SILURIDA. 1-4. Types. Libi R., afl. of Ja R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 5-6. Ad. Ja R. at Efayong. ” 7. Ad. Ja R. at Hsamesa. 8 35. SYNODONTIS ORNATIPINNIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 111, pl. xiii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 321 (1901). Depth of body 44 to 4% times in total length, length of head 5} to 33 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes ; snout obtusely pointed, 13 or 2 times as long as postocular part 2 of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 44 times in length of head, 13 to 13 Fig. 333. Synodontis ornatipinnis. Type (A. M.€.). 2. times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly + diameter of eye, 20 to 26 in number. Maxillary barbel broadly margined at base, a little longer than head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with short tubercular branches, outer a little more than twice as long as inner. Gill-opening SYNODONTIS. 445 not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito- nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, simply convex, 13 to 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes more or less pointed. Humeral process granulate and striated, not keeled, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine 3 to 3 as long as head, feebly curved, striated, smooth in front, serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 5 to 4 times as long as deep, 14 to 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 1V 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal fin deeply notched, crescentic, upper lobe the longer and more or less produced. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Yellowish or pale olive above with large rounded dark spots, white beneath; rayed fins (except pectoral) yellow, with black spots confluent into transverse bands; on the caudal, these bands forming crescents inversely to the shape of the fin. Total length 200 millim. Congo, Angola, Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Coquilhatville, Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.), 3. Yg. Quanza R., Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 4. Ad., skin. L. Mweru. Sir A. Sharpe (P.). 36. SYNODONTIS SOLONT, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 110, pl. xii, fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 320 (1901), Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 32 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, finely granulate above ; snout obtusely pointed, nearly 14 times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero- lateral, 6 times in length of head, not quite twice in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth in 3 or 4 irregular trans- verse series; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, 18 to 20 in number, Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at base, as long as head, not reaching middle of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with short ramified branches, outer nearly twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, simply convex, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, with rounded posterior processes. Humeral process granulate and striate, much longer than broad, acutely pointed, 446 SILURIDZ. not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine a little shorter than head, striated, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 45 times as long as deep, 24 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, not reaching ventral, moderately serrated on outer border, very strongly on inner. Ventral not reaching Fig. 334. Synodontis solont. Type (A. M. C.). anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Olive-grey above, marbled with brown, white beneath; dorsal and caudal fins with round brown spots. Total length 130 millim. Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, 1, One of the types, Congo. Brussels University. SYNODONTIS. 447 37. SYNODONTIS GUTTATUS. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 452; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 140 (part.). , Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head 12 times as long as broad, strongly rugose from between the eyes; snout acutely pointed, 24 times postorbital part of head ; eye supero- lateral, 85 times in length of head, 3 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a broad crescentic band; movable mandibular teeth 2 diameter of eye, 30 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, nearly # length of head, not reaching pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel twice as long as inner, with Fig. 335. Synodontis guttatus. Type. 4. simple branches, inner with ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, convex, 14 times as long as broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process not keeled, much longer than broad, acutely pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito- nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine # length of head, striated, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 times as long as deep, a little shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 8, pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, granulate on outer border, feebly serrated on inner border. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal 448 SILURID®. peduncle longer than deep. Brown, covered with small round dark spots. Total length 600 millim. Niger. 1. Type, stuffed. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). The following specimens are referred provisionally and with doubt to this species :— 2-4. Yo. Ogun R. at Aro, Lagos. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 38. SYNODONTIS LONGIROSTRIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 44, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1902). Depth of body 43 times in total length, head 3 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes; snout obtusely pointed, twice as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 54 times in length of head, 1g times in interorbital width; lips rather Fig. 336. Synodontis longirostris. Type (A.M. C.). 2. strongly developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band ; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, 24 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, $ length of head, barely reaching root of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel not quite twice as long as SYNODONTIS. 449 inner, both with short and mostly bifid branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, simply convex, longer than broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process with vermicular rugosities, much longer than broad, acutely pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine feebly curved, about # length of head, striated, smooth in front, feebly striated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 times as long as deep, as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 6, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine slightly longer than dorsal, rather strongly serrated on outer border, more strongly still on inner. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Olive-brown above, with large round black spots, these spots forming three series on the body. Total length 155 millim. Yembe River, Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 39. SYNODONTIS LABEO. Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 453. Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 34 times. =o Gay Fig. 337. Synodontis labeo. Type. +. Head 13 times as long as broad, rugose, granulate: above; snout nearly twice as long as postocular part of head, terminating in a VOL. Il. 26 450 SILURID.&. globular swelling; eye supero-lateral, 10 times in length of head, 4 times in interorbital width; lips strongly developed ; chin swollen ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandi- bular teeth minute, reduced to a few. Maxillary barbel not margined, # length of head, reaching base of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, convex, 13 times as long as broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process longer than broad, rugose, obtusely pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal shield. Dorsal 17: spine not quite $ length of head, striated, feebly granulate in front at the base, very feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 7 times as long as deep, nearly twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 9, pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, not serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brownish, with numerous round darker spots. Total length 720 millim. Niger. 1. Type, stuffed. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 40. SYNODONTIS VAILLANTI. Synodontis labeo, part., Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (8) vill. 1896, p. 112, pl. xii. fig. 2. Synodontis vaillanti, Boulene. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xx. 1897, p. 424, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 319 (1901). Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 54 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, strongly rugose from between the eyes ; snout 1} times postocular part of head, terminating in a spatulate expansion ; eye supero-lateral, 8} times in length of head, 34 times in interorbital width ; lips much developed; premaxillary teeth in several series ; movable mandibular teeth not quite 4 diameter of eye, 8 or 9 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, } length of head; outer mandibular barbel as long as maxillary, with short simple branches, inner a little shorter and with bifid branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, feebly tectiform, 1} times as long as SYNODONTIS. 451 broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process with granular and vermicular rugosities, obtusely pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dor- NIG EISE sal I 7; spine 2 length of head, curved, striated, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal low, its base 2 its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, scarcely serrated on outer border, rather feebly on inner. Caudal Synodontis vurllanti. Type, after Vaillant (/.¢.). +. deeply notched. Brownish, with darker roundish spots. Total length 580 millim. Upper Ubanghi.—Type (stuffed) in Paris Museum. 41. SYNODONTIS XIPHIAS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. vy. p. 215 (1864), and Study Fish. p. 573, fig. (1880); Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 117. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of lead 3 times. Head nearly twice as long as bread, rugose, granulate above from between the eyes; snout 25 times as long as postocular part of head, terminating in an acutely pointed appendage; eye supero-lateral, 10 times in length of head, 23 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth minute, 8 in number. Maxillary 262 452, SILURID. | _barbel not margined, $ length of head, not quite reaching root of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender branches. Gill- opening. not. extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Oceipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, convex, 13 times as long as broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process much longer than broad, granulate, pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal shield. Dorsal 17; spine striated, feebly granulate in front at the base. Adipose dorsal 43 times as long as deep, 13 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, pointed in front. Pectoral spine length of head, granulate on outer border, rather feebly Fig. 839. Synodontis xiphias. Type. +. serrated on inner border. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Uniform brownish. Total length 580 millim. Niger. 1. Type, stuffed. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 42. SYNODONTIS GRESHOFFI. Schilthuis, Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p. 87 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 316 (1901). Synodontis afro-fischeri (non Hilgend.), Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 152, _ pi. xiv. fig. 2. Depth of body equal to or a little greater than length of head, 3 to SYNODONTIS. 453 4 times in total length. Head as long as broad, finely granulate above ; snout rounded, 2 or a little less than 4 length of head; eye supero- lateral, 34 to 44 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly 4 diameter of eye, 40 to 65 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, at least twice as long as head, reaching or nearly reaching base of ventral ; mandibular barbels with long, slender branches, outer twice as long as inner and longer than Synodontis greshoffi. Type. head. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield finely granulate, tectiform, longer than broad, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Humeral process at least twice as long as deep, striated and keeled, acutely pointed, extend- ing as far back as, or a little beyond, occipito-nuchal process. Skin villose on the sides. Dorsal I 6-7; spine scarcely curved, as long as head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3% to 4 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IIt 8-10. Pectoral spine at least as long as. head, singly serrated on both sides, ~ Venbulaeaehfog.or not anal, Cauda 454 SILURID.E. deeply notched, upper lobe often prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Yellow or pale brown above, marbled with dark brown, the rayed fins spotted with dark brown; young dark brown, with two or three vellow wavy cross-bands. Total length 240 millim. Congo. IBA: Matadi, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Type. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (H.). 3: Ad: Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 4-6. Hgr. & yg. Bikoro, L. Tumba, Upp. Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 7-9. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 10. Her. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 11. Ad. Aruwimi R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzori Expedition. 43. SYNODONTIS ALBERTI. Schilthuis, Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p. 88 ; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 118, pl. xii. fig. 1; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 317 (1901). Synodontis alberti. Type. Depth of body 3 to 5% times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes; snout rounded, 4 to 2 length of head; eye supero- SYNODONTIS. 455 lateral, 3 to 34 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width ; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth hardly 4 diameter of eye, 18 to 25 in number. Maxillary barbel not margined, 3} to 43 times length of head, reaching caudal peduncle or caudal fin; mandibular barbels with long, slender branches, outer at least twice as long as inner and 1% to 2 times length of head. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, obtusely keeled, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Humeral process rugose, striated above, short and broad, its point obtuse or truncate, hardly extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine scarcely curved, as long as or a little longer than head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, narrowly separated from rayed dorsal. Anal III-IV 8-9. Pectoral spine as long as or a little shorter than head, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventral not quite reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched, upper lobe more or less prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Olive or brownish above, uniform or spotted with dark brown ; caudal fin, often also dorsal and anal, with very numerous small dark spots, forming transverse series. Total length 160 millim. Congo. 1, 2. Hgr., types. -Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (1.). 3. Ad. Leopoldville, Stanley Pool. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 4. Ad. 5 x M. P. Delhez (C.). Bo Wie. Kondue, Kasai R. M. Luja (C.) ; Luxemburg Museum (P.). 6-7. Ad. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (C.). 8. Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 44, SYNODONTIS BATESILI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 50. Depth of body 34 to 44 times in the total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose above; snout obtusely pointed, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 to 5} times in length of head, 1% to 24 times in interorbital width ; pre- maxillary teeth forming a short, broad band ; movable mandibular teeth not half diameter of eye, 30 to 40 in number; maxillary barbel not 456 SILURIDE. distinctly margined, extending about to middle of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with obtuse or tubercular branches, outer at least twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, not or but slightly longer than broad, posterior pro- cesses rounded. Humeral process rugose, acutely pointed, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly as long as head, striated, strongly serrated in front, with a few very feeble serra behind. Adipose dorsal rather small, not longer than its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal III 8-9, rounded or obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine strongly serrated on outer side, still more strongly on Fig. 342. Synodontis batesit. Type. inner. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Brown, blotched and marbled with darker, with three broad irregular dark bands, the first below the dorsal fin, the second below the adipose, the third in front of the caudal fin; fins pale brown or whitish, with black spots. Total length 115 millim. Ja River (Congo System), South Cameroon. 1-8, 9-10. Types. Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 11-108 Nd: b ‘ 13. Ad. Efayong. 5 14, Skel. ce) ” SYNODONTIS. 457 45. SYNODONTIS SERRATUS. Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 8, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1829) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 263 (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 212 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 234 (1869); Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 136 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 372, pl. Ixx. & pl. Ixxi. fig. 2 (1907). Pseudosynodontis serratus, Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 55. Depth of body 3} to 4} times in total length, length of head 34 to 43 times. Head 13 to 14 times as long as broad, more or less rugose above, behind the snout, the rugosities sometimes concealed under a rather thick skin ; snout rounded or obtusely pointed, longer than post- ocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 5 (young) to 11 times in length of head, 2 to 4 times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed ; Fig. 343. Synodontis serratus. Nubia (F. N.). +. premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band ; movable mandi- bular teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 30 to 48 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane in its proximal third, 3 to 14 times length of head, reaching between base and middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner, the former with long slender branches, which may bear secondary branches, the latter with tubercular ramifications. Gill-opening not extending down- wards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or truncate. Humeral process a little longer than broad, flat or with a very distinct keel, rugose, acutely pointed, extending 458 SILURIDA. as far back as occipito-nuchal process or not quite so far. Dorsal 17; spine curved, feebly serrated behind, distinctly but finely serrated in front, as long as or a little shorter than head, the soft terminal part usually produced into a short filament. Adipose dorsal 3 to 4 times as long as deep, 5 to 8 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal V 7-8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine nearly as long as or a little longer than dorsal, reaching or nearly reaching root of ventral, outer border finely, inner more strongly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer and some- times prolonged into a filament. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or deeper than long. Uniform grey or brownish above, white beneath ; young with minute dark specks on the back and on the adipose fin. Total length 470 millim. Nile.—Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort (M.). 1-2. Ad. Near Samannud, Damietta L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Nile. 3. Her. Beni Souef, Lower Nile. 95 4-8. Ad. Ghgr. Assuan. 9-10. Ad. &hgr. Abu Hor, Upper Nile. 11. Her. Mirrwau, is ; 12. Ad. El Maharraka, ,, 13-15. Ad.&hgr. — Ibrim, , an 16. Her. Abaad, ie BS 17-18. Ad. &hgr. Fergunt, ie es 19-20. Ad. Abu Simbal, —,, a 21. Skel 5 3 xp 22. Her. Wady Halfa, __,, ; 23-24. Har. Kosheh, eS Fe 25, 26,27. Ad. & Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). ye: 28. Ad. Ahmed Aga, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 29. Her. Between Khartum and the Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; Sobat. W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). 46. SYNODONTIS GELEDENSIS. Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 220, fig. ? Synodontis serratus, Vineig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1896, p. 351. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 32 times. Head 1} times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes; snout pointed, a little longer than postocular part of head ; eye supero- lateral, 8 times in length of head, 2% times in interorbital width; lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad SYNODONTIS. 459 band; movable mandibular teeth 2 diameter of eye, 18 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at the base, 14 times length of head, reaching middle of pectoral spine ; outer mandibular barbel as long as head, about twice as long as inner, former with long slender branches, latter with shorter, ramified branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, with a blunt keel, 14 times as long as broad, squarely truncate posteriorly. Humeral process much longer than broad, with feeble keel, rugose, acutely pointed, extending as far back Fig. 344. Synodontis geledensis. Type. 4. as occipito-nuchal process. Skin strongly villose on the sides. Dorsal 17; spine nearly straight, ¢ length of head, strongly serrated in front, smooth behind. Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, nearly 4 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, obtusely pointed in front. Pectoral spine as long as head, nearly reaching ventral, outer border strongly, inner rather feebly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Brownish above, whitish beneath. Total length 270 millim. Webi Shebeli, East Africa. 1. Type. Geledi, Shebeli R. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). 460 SILURIDA. 47. SYNODONTIS FILAMENTOSUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 10, and Fish. Nile, p. 371, pl. Ixix. (1907). Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length. Head 1} times as long as broad, feebly rugose between eyes and on occiput ; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 34 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; occiput simply convex; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth rather few, forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth barely 4 length of eye, 20 in number. Maxillary barbel broadly margined at the base, $ length of head, extending to base of pectoral fin; mandi- Fig. 345. Synodontis filamentosus. Type (F.N.). §. bular barbels with numerous long ramified branches, outer 15 times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield slightly rugose, obtusely tectiform, 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes rounded. Humeral process a little longer than broad, flat, rounded behind, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine strong, feebly serrated behind, striated in front, as long as head, with a filamentous prolongation exceeding it in length. Adipose dorsal 44 times as long as deep, twice as long as its distance from rayed_dorsal.... Anal JV 7, SYNODONTIS. 461 rounded. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, moderately serrated ‘on outer edge, very strongly on inner, not reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Greyish above, with small scattered darker spots, white beneath; dorsal and caudal fins with small greyish spots ; dorsal filament and upper and lower borders of caudal fin black. Total length 180 millim. White Nile. 1. Type. Jebelain. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 48. SYNODONTIS SMITI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 45, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1902). Synodontes smitt. Type (A.M.C.). 2. Depth of body 42 to 5 times in total length, length of head nearly 4 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, rugose above ; snout pointed, 2 length of head; eye supero-lateral, 5% times in length of head, 1 or 14 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; preemaxillary teeth forming a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth about 4 diameter of eye, 16 or 17 innumber. Maxillary barbel with a broad inner marginal membrane, a little shorter than head, extending a little beyond root of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with long slender 462 SILURIDA. branches, outer 2 or + length of head, inner 3. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, slightly longer than broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process granulate, rounded or obtusely pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito- nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine feebly curved, a little shorter than head, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 4 to 5 times as long as deep, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 6-7. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, much more strongly serrated on inner than on outer border. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Brown, with rather indistinct darker spots and marblings ; rayed fins with round dark spots, which may form transverse bands. Total length 140 millim. Ubanghi.—Type in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Banzyville. Capt. Royaux (C.). 49. SYNODONTIS NOTATUS. Synodontis maculatus (non Riipp.), Vaill. C. R. Soc. Philom. 1892, no. 16, p. 2. Synodontis notatus, Vaill. Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) v. 1893, p. 17, and N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 108, pl. xi. fig. 2; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 323 (1901). Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head 14 to 1} times as long as broad, broader than deep, finely granulate above from between the posterior nostrils; snout rounded, longer than postocular part of head; eye nearly lateral, 4 to 43 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interocular width; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth small and wide apart, forming a short and broad band ; movable mandibular teeth hardly { diameter of eye, 17 to 20 in number, Maxillary barbel with a narrow marginal membrane at the base, a little longer than head, reaching middle or posterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with long, slender, ramified branches, outer twice as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, posterior processes rounded or truncate. Humeral process little longer than broad, flat, granulate, rounded or truncate behind, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17; spine a little shorter than head, smooth in front, smooth or very feebly serrated behind. Adipose SYNODONTIS. 463 dorsal small, 3 to 4 times as long as deep, about 4 as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 7-8, rounded. Pectoral spine as long as Fig. 347, head, strongly serrated on both sides, not reaching ventral. Latter rounded, reaching or nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe a little produced. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Greyish above, white beneath ; a large round black spot on each side above the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin, sometimes preceded and followed by a few others. Synodontis notatus. Total length 920 millim. Type, after Vaillant (2. ¢.). 4. Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1 Ade Ubanghi. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 2-4, Her. & yg. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 50. SYNODONTIS NUMMIFER. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 47, pl. xxiv. (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 324 (1901). Depth of body 3} to 3} times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head 1} to 2 times as long as broad, deeper than broad, finely granulate above from between the eyes; snout obtusely pointed, longer 464 SILURID&. than postocular part of head; eye nearly lateral, 3 to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth small and wide apart, forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth + to 4 diameter of eye, 8 to 12 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at the base, as long as head or a little shorter, reaching root of pectoral spine or a little beyond; mandibular barbels with ramified obtuse branches, outer only a little longer than inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 times as long as broad, posterior processes rounded. Humeral process not or but slightly longer than broad, flat, feebly granulate and striated, rounded or truncate behind, extending as far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 17 ; spine straight or feebly curved, as long as or a little longer than head, Fig. 348. Synodontis nummifer. Type (A. M.C.). 2 ee smooth in front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal about 4 times as long as deep, 14 to 2 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal II 7-8, pointed. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, strongly SYNODONTIS. 465 serrated on both sides, not reaching ventral. Latter obtusely pointed, not quite reaching anal. Caudal very deeply forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Olive above, whitish beneath ; a large round black spot on each side above the lateral line and the base of the ventral fin, sometimes followed by a second above the base of the anal. Total length 185 millim. Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Ad. Matadi, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Her. Sankun R., Kasai. M. E. Luja (C.) ; Luxemburg Museum (P.). Go Nowe Dolo, Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.). 4. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 51. SYNODONTIS SOREX. Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 211 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 233, pl. i. fig. B (1869) ; Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (8) viii. 1896, p. 107; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cxy. i. 1906, p. 1140; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p- 375, pl. Ixxii. (1907). Depth of body 3 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 te Fig. 349. Synodontis sores. Mouth of L. No (F.N.). 3. times. Head 14 to 13 times as long as broad, more or less rugose, finely granulate above from between the eyes, the granulate area some- times extending on the snout; snout pointed, 14 to 2 times as long as VOL. IL. 2H 466 STLURID_EZ. postocular part of head ; eye lateral, 5 (young) to 74 times in length of head, 2 to 3} times in interorbital width; lips strongly developed, forming a large lobe on each side; premaxillary teeth few, in 2 or 3 series, a few minute ones behind; movable mandibular teeth as long as or a little longer than eye, 6 to 8 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at the base, 2 to $ length of head; mandibular barbels with long, finely tuberculate, slender branches, outer 14 to 2 times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 1} to 2 times as long as broad, posterior processes obtusely pointed or truncate. Humeral process little longer than broad, flat, granulate, rounded or obliquely truncate, extending as far or not quite so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal 1 7; spine straight or curved, finely serrated in front, coarsely behind, slightly shorter or slightly longer than head, the soft terminal part produced into a short filament. Adipose dorsal 3 to 5 times as long as deep, 4 to 6 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, acutely pointed. Pectoral spine shorter than dorsal, rarely reaching base of ventral, outer border smooth or very finely serrated, inner border with strong serree. Ventral acutely pointed, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal very deeply forked, upper lobe the longer and often terminating in a filament. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Grey above, white below; rayed fins light, with a more or less distinct dark blotch on the dorsal near its base, and a dark band along each lobe of the caudal ; barbels white. Total length 380 millim. Blue and White Niles. 1-2. Types. Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 3-4. Ad. Wad Medine, Blue Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5. Ad: Mouth of L. No, White Nile. es 52. SYNODONTIS PLEUROPS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xx. 1897, p. 424, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 326 (1901). Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 5? times in total length. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, granulate above from between the eyes; snout pointed, a little less than 4 length of head ; eye lateral, 34 to 4 times in length of head, 24 to 23 times in interorbital width. Lips much developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad SYNODONTIS. 467 band; movable mandibular teeth 4 to 4 diameter of eye, 12 to 19 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at the base, 2 to 3 length of head; mandibular barbels with obtuse, ramified branches, outer 4 length of head, inner +. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the head, obtusely tectiform, 13 to 1} times as long as broad ; posterior processes rounded or obtusely pointed. Humeral process little longer than broad, flat, granulate, very obtusely pointed or truncate, not extending further back than occipito-nuchal process. Fig. 350. Synodontis pleurops. 1 Upper Congo. 3. Dorsal 1 7; spine curved, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind, nearly as long as head. Adipose dorsal small, 2 to 3 times as long as deep, % to 3 as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 1V 7-8, pointed. Pectoral spine a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral, outer border smooth, inner rather feebly serrated. Ventral obtusely pointed, reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown above, uniform or with rather indistinct round darker spots, whitish beneath ; a more or less distinct blackish band along each lobe of the caudal. ' 2H 2 468 SILURIDA. Total length 250 millim. Upper Congo. 1. Type. Stanley Falls. Rey. W. H. Bentley (C.). 2. Her. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 3. Ad. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 53. SYNODONTIS DECORUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 49, pl. xxv. (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 327 (1901). Depth of body equal to length of head, 3% to 32 times in total length. Fig. 351. Synodontis decorus. Type (A. M.C.). 3. Head about 14 times as long as broad, as broad as deep, finely granulate above from between the eyes; snout pointed, nearly half length of head ; eye supero-lateral, its diameter 4 to 44 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width. Mouth narrow, with strongly developed lips; premaxillary teeth small and few, in 1 or 2 series; movable mandibular teeth hardly $ diameter of eye, 4 to 11 in number. Maxillary barbel bearing small branches on outer border, some bifid, its length ¢ to once length of head; mandibular barbels with long, mostly SYNODONTIS. 469 ramified branches, outer the longer and } to 2 length of head. Gill- opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield granulate like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 13 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or rounded. Humeral process flat, granulate, broader than long, obtusely pointed or rounded behind. Dorsal I 7; spine curved, smooth in front, very feebly serrated behind, as long as head, bearing a long filament. Adipose dorsal nearly 3 times as long as deep, as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7, pointed. Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral, smooth or very feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral obtusely pointed, reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Brown above, white beneath ; back of head dotted with black ; body usually with large round black spots, few in number, disposed alternately ; 3 or 4 black bars across the dorsal, and 3 or 4, oblique, on each lobe of caudal. Total length 240 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Leopoldville. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 2. Hor. Monsembe. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). 3-4. Ad. & her. Upper Congo. Brussels University. 5. Ad. Banzyville, Ubanghi. - Capt. Royaux (C.). The specimen from the Upper Ubanghi described and figured by Vaillant (N. Arch. Mus. [3] viii. 1896, pl. xii. fig. 2) as a young S. labeo must probably be referred to this species (see Boulenger, Poiss. Bass. . 26) Congo, p. 328). 54. SYNODONTIS CLARIAS. Silurus clarias, Linn. in Hasselq. Reis. Paleest. p. 412 (1762), and Syst. Nat. i. p- 504, part. (1766). Silurus callarias, part., Bloch-Schneid. Syst. Ichth. p. 379 (1801). Pimelodus synodontis, Geottr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss, pl. xii. figs. 5 & 6 (1809). Synodontis macrodon, I. Geoffr. op. cit. p. 295 (1827) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 252 (1840) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 211 (1864), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 234 (1869). Synodontis clarias, Riipp. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829); Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, p. 102 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 377, pl. [xxiii (1907). Depth of body 53 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 5} times. Head 12 to 12 times as long as broad, a little deeper than broad, rugose, granulate above from between the eyes, the granulate area 470 SILURIDA. sometimes extending a little on the snout; snout pointed, as long as or longer than postocular part of head; eye lateral or nearly so, its diameter 44 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 1$ to 3 times in interorbital width. Mouth narrow, with strongly developed lips, forming a large lobe on each side; premaxillary teeth few, in 1, 2, or 3 series, sometimes with a few minute ones behind; movable mandibular teeth 2 to once diameter of eye, 6 to 9 in number. Maxillary barbel with a distinct marginal membrane at the base and with long, slender, finely tuberculate branches, its length 2 to nearly once that of head; mandi- bular barbels with long, tuberculate branches, the outer inserted further Synodontis clarias. Mouth of L. No (E.N.). 3. back than and 13 times as long asthe inner. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 13 to 2 times as long as broad, posterior processes obtuse or truncate. Humeral process subtriangular, flat, granulate, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine strongly curved, more or less distinctly finely serrated in front in its basal half, strongly serrated behind, as long as or longer than head, the soft terminal part produced into a short filament. Adipose dorsal 3 to 45 times as long as deep, 4 to 8 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal V 7-9, acutely pointed. Pectoral spine shorter than dorsal, sometimes reaching ventral, outer border feebly serrated, inner border strongly serrated. Ventral acutely pointed, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. upper lobe the longer. deeper than long. Nile, Chad Basin, Senegal, Gambia, Niger. SYNODONTIS. 471 Jaudal deeply forked, Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little Grey to dark green above, white beneath; fins greyish white, caudal often tinged with red. Young with dark marblings on the body and round dark spots on the ventral, anal, and caudal fins. Total length 270 millim. 1. Her. Cairo. Dr. Riippell (C.). 2. Yg. Omdurman. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). B=, ANCL Wad Medine, Blue Nile. 6. Ad. Jebelain, White Nile. 5 elo Kaka, Fe 3 8-10. Ad., hgr., Fashoda, x & yg 11-15. Her. & ye. Between Khartum and Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; the Sobat. Mouth of L. No. W.N. McMillan, Hsq. (P.). 16-25. Ad. & yg. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 26. Skel. ”? 9 27. Ad. L. Chad. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 28-30. Ad. Nianimaru, Gambia. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 31. Yg. Warri, Low. Niger. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 5d. SYNODONTIS RESUPINATUS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, 1. p. 199, pl. viii. Depth of body 2% times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head 1+ times as long as broad, deeper than broad, feebly rugose above from between the eyes; snout rounded, as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, its diameter 4 times in length of head, 1) times in interorbital width. Mouth narrow, with strongly developed lips, forming a lobe on each side ; premaxillary teeth very small, villiform, forming a broad band; movable mandibular teeth about $ diameter of eye, about 60 in number. Maxillary barbel slightly longer than head, its basal third with a broad marginal membrane on the inner side and a series of short obtuse branches, some of which are knob-like, on the outer side; mandibular barbels with long tuberculate branches, outer 1 . S els + length of head, inner 3. Gill-opening not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield feebly rugose like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, nearly twice as long as broad, with obtuse posterior processes. Humeral process longer than broad, flat, grapulate, obtusely pointed, not extending quite so far back as occipito- 472 SILURID&. nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine feebly curved, not serrated, as long as head, with a very long filamentous prolongation. Adipose dorsal 25 times as long as deep, originating immediately behind rayed dorsal. Anal IV 8, pointed. Pectoral spine as long as head, not quite reaching ventral, feebly serrated on outer edge, strongly on inner. Ventral pointed, reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe much produced. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Pale greyish brown above and on the sides, black beneath ; fins grey; barbels whitish. vA Sad / or is (a ty Synodontis resupinatus. Type (P.Z.8. 1904), 4. Total length 260 millim. Upper Niger. 1. Type. Lokoja. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 56. SYNODONTIS BATENSODA. Synodontis membranaceus, part., I. Geoftr. Deser. Egypte, Poiss. p. 297 (1827) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 258 (1840) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 536. Synodontis batensoda, Riipp. Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p- 6, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1832) ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p- 12, and Fish. Nile, p- 380, pl. Ixxiv. (1907). Brachyeynodontis batensoda, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p: dd. SYNODONTIS. 473 Synodontis melanogaster, Ehrenb. in Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iv. p. 31 (1868). Synodontis membranaceus, Vaill. N. Arch. Mus. (3) viii. 1896, pp. 161 & 167. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 22 to 34 times. Head 1} to 13 times as long as broad, rugose, granulate above from between the eyes, the granulate area sometimes extending a little on the snout ; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 33 (young) to 54 times in length of head, not less than interorbital width in young, 14 to 1} times Fig. 354. Synodontis batensoda. Mouth of L. No(F.N.). 2. in interorbital width in adult; operculum terminating in a few short spines. Lips moderately developed; preemaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band; movable mandibular teeth } to 4 diameter of eye, 30 to 57 in number. Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane, 3 to about once length of head, usually reaching base of pectoral spine or a little beyond; mandibular barbels inserted on a straight transverse line, the outer with long, slender, simple branches, 13 to 2 times as long as inner, some of the branches of which are bifid or trifid. Gill-openings extending downwards beyond base of pectoral fin, but separated by a broad isthmus, which at least equals interorbital width. Occipito-nuchal ATA SILURID&. shield rough like the occiput, obtusely tectiform, 14 to 2 times as long as broad, posterior processes pointed or rounded. NHumeral processes about as long as broad, flat, granulate, pointed or obliquely truncate posteriorly, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal process. Dorsal I 7; spine strong, straight or feebly curved, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind, about as long as head, the soft terminal part produced into a short filament. Adipose dorsal 24 to 4 times as long as deep, originating immediately behind rayed dorsal. Anal V 7-9, pointed. Pectoral spine as long as or a little longer than dorsal, not reaching base of ventral, outer border feebly, inner strongly serrated. Ventral acutely pointed, reaching origin of anal, or not quite so far. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle as jong as deep or a little deeper than long. Body and adipose dorsal fin silvery grey to dark purplish; lower parts dark brown to black; barbels blackish ; fins grey, ventrals, anal, and caudal with round black spots ; iris brown; young with large dark spots, separated by a network of the light ground-colour, the spots on the fins Jarger and confluent into cross-bands. Total length 240 millim. Nile, Chad Basin, Senegal, Gambia. 1-3. Yg. South of Khartum. Capt. 8. Flower (P.). 4-10, 11-14. Fashoda, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Her. & yg. 15-20. Ad. & yg. Mouth of L. No, White Nile. 55 21. Skel. si Sy 33 22 Vio. Bahr-el-Gebel. Lieut. Drury (C.). 23. Ad. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 24. Ad. R. Shari-Wasu at Maidugari. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 25-26. Ad. & bgr. McCarthy Id., Gambia. J. 8. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 57. SYNODONTIS MEMBRANACKHUS. Pimelodus membranaceus, Geoftr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. pl. xiii. figs. 1 & 2 (1809). Synodontis membranaceus, part., 1. Geoftr. op. cit. p. 297 (1827) ; Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xv. p. 258 (1840) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxi. 1. 1870, p. 536. Hemisynodontis membranaceus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 55. Synodontis membranaccus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. y. p. 215 (1864), and Petherick’s Tray. il. p. 236 (1869); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxiii. i. 1881, p. 200; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 12, and Fish. Nile, p. 383, pl. Ixxv. (1907). Synodontis guentheri, Vaill. Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) v. 1892, p. 16, and N. Arch. Mus. (3) vill. 1896, pp. 164 & 167. SYNODONTIS. 475 Depth of body 2% to 34 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 14 to 2 times as jong as broad, rugose, granulate above from between the eyes, the granulate area sometimes extending a little on the snout ; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 4 (young) to 6} times in length of head, not less than interorbital width in young, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width in adult. Mouth large, with feeble lips, except on the sides, where they are confluent with the membrane of the maxillary barbel and supported by a barbel-like dermal ray which extends to its extremity ; preemaxillary teeth very feeble, forming a short and rather narrow band; mandibular teeth very minute, 8 to 14 in number, forming Fig. 355. Synodontis membranaceus. Ikhartum (F.N.). 3. a small patch at the symphysis of the lower jaw. Maxillary barbel with a very broad membranous border almost to its extremity, as long as or a little longer or a little shorter than head, reaching root of pectoral spine or a little beyond; mandibular barbels inserted on a straight transverse line, with a few long, slender branches in basal haif, with a membranous border in terminal half, inner 3 to 3 length of outer. Gill-openings separated on the throat by a narrow isthmus, the width of which is less than diameter of eye. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput, tectiform, 13 to 2 times as long as broad, posterior processes obtuse or truncate. Humeral process subtriangular, flat, granulate, as long as deep or deeper than long, not extending so far back as occipito-nuchal 476 SILURID.%. process. Dorsal fin with I 7 rays; spine strong, straight or curved, smooth in front, feebly serrated behind, 2 to # length of head. Adipose dorsal 3 to 5 times as long as deep, originating immediately behind rayed dorsal. Anal V 8-9, acutely pointed. Pectoral spine usually as long as or a little longer than dorsal, not reaching base of ventral, outer border feebly, inner border strongly serrated. Ventral acutely pointed, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Silvery grey or whitish, the lower parts dark brown to black; barbels whitish, with the membranous border dark brown or black; young with ill-defined dark blotches on the body, and with round dark spots on the rayed fins, forming more or less regular transverse series. Total length 455 millim. Nile, Chad Basin, Senegal, Niger. 1-2, 3,4. Ad. & Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). yg., types of S. guentheri. 5. Yg. Fashoda, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 6-8. Ad. Mouth of L. No. e 9. Skel. i 10. Her. Kano, Hadriji R., L. Chad. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). Ti aaNGor. Fort Lamy, Shari R. 5 12. Her. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 13-15. Her. Kaédi, by a 16. Ad. Lokoja, Upp. Niger. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 17-19. Yg. Abo, Low. Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 20), Yio. Assay, sa 64 21-22. Yg. Lagoon at Asaba, Low. Niger. Major G. H. Bruce (P.). 23. Nig. Niger Delta. Dr. W. H. Crosse (P.). 29. MICROSYNODONTIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, i. p. 26. Like Synodontis, but eye without free orbital border. Vertebre 36 (13-423), transverse process of fourth with a spheroidal expansion in front. 1. MICROSYNODONTIS BATESIL. Bouleng. 1. ¢. pl. iv. Depth of body 42 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 to 5 times. Head a little longer than broad, rugose on vertex and occiput ; snout rounded; eye supero-lateral, in middle of head, 5 (young) to 7 MICROSYNODONTIS. ATT times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width; lips rather strongly developed ; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band ; mandibular teeth not more than 4 diameter of eye, 20 to 30 in number. Maxillary barbel simple, as long as or a little longer than head; mandi- bular barbels with long slender branches, outer longer than inner and a little shorter than head. A fold across the throat, but gill-openings restricted to the sides. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like the occiput, a little longer than broad, with obtuse or rounded posterior processes. Fig. 336. Microsynodontis batesii. Type (P. Z.S. 1903). Humeral process long and narrow, acutely pointed. Dorsal I 6; spine strong, straight, to ? length of head, striated, smooth or with a few very feeble posterior serree in its upper part. Adipose dorsal low, elongate, 2 to 3 times as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III-IV 8-9, rounded. Pectoral spine strong, shorter than head, striated, feebly serrated on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. Dark brown or blackish above, with 5 yellow cross-bars, the first on the occiput, the second at the base of the dorsal; the body lower down with round yellow spots; throat and belly greyish or pale brownish, spotted or marbled with dark brown; fins spotted with dark brown, caudal with a yellow bar at the base. Total length 100 millim. South Cameroon, Gaboon. 1-7. Types. Mvile R., S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8. Skel. 5 a a 9. Her. Near Efulen, 8. Cameroon. Fs 10-11, 12-19. Ad. JaR,, i her., & yg. 20. Her. Bumba R. at Assobam, 8. Cameroon. ss 21-26. Ad., her., Nyong R., ms ty «& yg: 27-28. Her. Gaboon. - 478 SILURID &. 30. CHILOGLANIS. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 599; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p- 521, and Fish. Nile, p. 386 (1907). Body moderately elongate, feebly depressed. Anterior dorsal entirely in advance of ventrals, formed of 1 spine and 5 branched rays; an adipose fin opposed to the anal; pectoral with a spine; ventral with 7 rays. A cephalo-nuchal bony shield. Mouth inferior, surrounded by a very large, circular, papillose lip; conical teeth on the premaxillaries and on the vomer; movable, slender, curved teeth in the mandible; a maxillary and two mandibular barbels on each side; nostrils rather remote from each other, both with a valve, the anterior tubular; eyes small, without free border. Gill-openings short, confined to the sides. Air-bladder small, partially enclosed on each side between the enlarged processes of the anterior vertebre. Vertebre 35 (15-16-+ 19-20). Nile and Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Maxillary barbel much longer than eye. A. Dorsal with 5 branched rays. 1. Depth of body 54 to 64 times in total length; caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep. Interorbital width equal to or but slightly greater than distance between posterior nostril and eye ; base of adipose fin 4 to 1 its distance from dorsal. . . . . . 1. C. deckenii, Peters, p. 479. Interorbital width much greater than distance between posterior nostril and eye ; base of adipose fin 2 its distance from dorsal . . 2. C. modjensis, Blgr., p. 480. 2. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length; caudal peduncle about 14 times as long as deep ; base of adipose fin 3 to ? its distance from dorsal. Interorbital width greater than distance be- tween posterior nostril and eye; caudal deeply emarginate . .... . . . 3. C. neumanii, Bler., p. 481. Interorbital width greater than distance be- tween posterior nostril and eye ; caudal feebly emarginate . . . . . . . « 4. C. cameronensis, Bigr., p. 482. CHILOGLANIS. 479 B. Dorsal with 6 or 7 branched rays ; depth of body 4 to 4} times in total length ; caudal peduncle about twice as long as deep; base of adipose fin equal to or a little less than its distance from dorsal . . . . . . 95. C. niloticus, Blgr., p. 483. II. Maxillary barbel not or but scarcely longer than eye ; depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length ; adipose fin not more than 4 its distance from dorsal. Anal with 7 branched rays ; interorbital space greater than diameter of eye. . . . . 6. C. brevibarbis, Bler., p. 484. Anal with 5 or 6 branched rays ; interorbital space not or but little greater than diameter Or GO oo co 5 8 oO oe eo 6 to 0 to Os ence, IBlkerr,. in, Cuoe 1. CHILOGLANIS DECKENTI. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 599, pl. ii., and Decken’s Reise O.-Afr. iii. p. 144 (1869) ; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 38, fig. (1896) ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 521. Synodontis eurystomus, Pfett. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. vi. 1889, p. 14, and x. 1893, p. 31, pl. i. fig. 5. Chiloglanis deckenit. Type, after Peters (1. c.). Body slightly depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 53 to 64 times in total length. Head strongly depressed, a little longer than broad, its length 3 to 3} times in total length; eye directed upwards, in 480 SILURID&. second half of head, 5 to 7 times in length of head and 1} to 12 times in interorbital width, which equals or slightly exceeds the distance between eye and posterior nostril; two widely separated oval groups of premaxillary teeth, forming 5 or 4 transverse series ; 6 to 8 mandibular teeth ; maxillary barbel about 3 length of head, a little longer than the outer lower labials. Dorsal I 5; spine not distinctly serrated, 3 to length of head. Adipose fin 4 to 4 its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7-8. Pectoral spine a little longer than the dorsal, at least 3 length of head. Ventral extending to origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal deeply forked, Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Olive-brown, with irregular darker cross-bands; a dark bar at the base of the caudal and another across each lobe of the fin. Total length 70 millim. German East Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1. Ad. Korogwe, Rufu R. Dr. Stuhlmann (C.) ; Hamburg Museum (H.). 2-6. Ad. Bereza. Dr. E. J. Baxter (C.). 7. Skel. Rs Pi 2. CHILOGLANIS MODJENSIS. Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1903, ii. p. 332, pl. xxxi. fig. 3. Body slightly compressed, its depth 54 times in total length. Head depressed, 13 times as long as broad, its length 3 times in total length. Fig. 358. Chaloglanis modjensis. Type (P. Z. 8, 1908). Eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 7 times in length of head, 1% or 2 times in interorbital width, which much exceeds the distance CHILOGLANIS. 481 between eye and posterior nostril; premaxillary teeth in two large contiguous groups, forming 4 or 5 transverse series; a group of 7 to 9 mandibular teeth; maxillary barbel 4+ length of head, longer than the lower labials. Dorsal I 5; spine not serrated, not quite } length of head. Adipose fin low, its base about # its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 6-7. Pectoral spine not serrated, 2 length of head. Ventral extending to a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal peduncle 23 times as long as deep. Dark brown above and on the sides, with three yellowish bars, the first in front of the dorsal fin, the second above the ventral, the third on the caudal peduncle ; lower parts white. Total length 40 millim. Modjo River (Webi Shebeli System), Southern Ethiopia. 1. One of the types. Modjo R. Prof. O. Neumann and Baron C. von Erlanger (C.). 3. CHILOGLANIS NEUMANNI, sp. n. Chiloglanis deckenii (non Peters), Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 411. Body cylindrical in front, compressed behind, its depth 4 to 4} times in total length. Head depressed, 14 to 14 times as long as broad, its length 3 to 34 times in total length; eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 6 to 7 times in length of bead, nearly twice in interorbital width, which is greater than the distance between eye and posterior Fig. 359. iG i} de ( I9 is fo) a SS Chaloglanis neumanni. ry, a f Type. ze nostril ; two widely separated oval groups of premaxillary teeth, forming 3 or 4 transverse series; two series of mandibular teeth, 6 to 8 in each ; maxillary barbel about ¢ length of head, a little longer than outer lower labial. Dorsal 1 5; spine not serrated, 3 to § length of head. Adipose VOL. Il. ZI 2, SILURIDZ. CO cs fin 2 to 2 its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7-8. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal. Ventral extending to origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal deeply forked. Brownish, uniform or speckled with blackish. Total length 50 millim. Bubu River, Masailand. 1-5. Types. Upper Bubu R. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 4. CHILOGLANIS CAMERONENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 18. Body somewhat depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 43 to 5 times in total length. Head depressed, 14 times as long as broad, its length 3 times in total length. Eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 7 or 8 times in length of head, 1% times in interorbital width, which equals or is a little less than the distance between eye and posterior nostril ;. premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, well separated on the middle line, forming 4 or 5 transverse series; a group Fig. 360. Chiloylanis cumeronensis. , 4 Type. 4. of 12 to 14 mandibular teeth ; maxillary barbel } to 4 length of head, longer than the lower labials. Dorsal I 5; spine not serrated, about 3 length of head. Adipose fin low, its base about % its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal IIl 5-6. Pectoral spine not serrated, 2 to 2 length of head. Ventral extending to origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Pale brownish above; head marbled with dark olive and with a cheyron-shaped dark band passing through the eyes, the point on the CHILOGLANIS. 485 occiput; three broad dark cross-bands on the body, the first behind the dorsal, the second across the base of the adipose fin, the third at the base of the caudal; fins whitish, with a dark band across the caudal. Total length 55 millim. South Cameroon. 1-7. Types. Efulen. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8-9. Ad. 9 5. CHILOGLANIS NILOTICUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 522, and Fish. Nile, p. 386, pl. Ixxvi. fig. 1 (1907). Body not or but slightly compressed, its depth 4 to 4} times in total length. Head smooth, strongly depressed, a little longer than broad, its length 3 to 34 times in total Jength. Snout broadly rounded; eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 6 times in length of head, Fig. 361, Ohiloglanis niloticus, Type (F. N.). about 14 times in width of interorbital region, which is much greater than distance between posterior nostril and eye. Premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, narrowly separated from each other; man- dibular teeth very small, 6 to 11 in number. Maxillary barbel about 4 length of head, longer than lower labials. Dorsal I 6-7; spine not distinctly serrated, about 2 length of head. Adipose fin low, as leng 212 484 SILURIDA. as or a little shorter than its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7-8. Pectoral spine not serrated, about # length of head. Ventral extending to origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed. Caudal peduncle about twice as long as deep. Body pale greyish olive above, with four broad cross-bands of dark olive speckled with blackish, broader than the interspaces between them; head dark olive above; lower parts white or yellowish; rayed fins greyish, the caudal with a horizontal blackish bar on each lobe, the end of which is pale yellow; adipose fin yellowish. Total length 45 millim. Upper Nile. 1-7. Types. Arko Id. L. Loat, Esq. (G.). &. Skel s, 2 9. Ad. Wady Halfa. ” 6. CHILOGLANIS BREVIBARBIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1902, ii. p. 224, pl. xvii. fig. 2. Body slightly depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 6 times in total length. Head strongly depressed, 1} times as long as Chiloglanis brevibarbis. Type (P. Z. 8. 1902). broad, its length 3 times in total length; eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 54 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, which is a little greater than the distance between eye and posterior nostril; premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, widely CHILOGLANIS. 485 separated on the median line, forming 4 or 5 transverse series ; 6 man- dibular teeth ; maxillary barbel scarcely longer than eye, lower labials shorter still. Dorsal I 5; spine not serrated, } length of head. Adipose fin low, 4 as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal III 7. Pectoral spine 2 length of head. Ventral extending to origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Pale brownish above, with four irregular dark cross-bands connected by a dark lateral stripe, whitish beneath ; two dark bars across the anal; a dark bar at the base of the caudal, another across each lobe of the fin, and a dark streak along the lower lobe. Total length 55 millim. Mathoiya River (Tana System), Kenya district. 1. Type. Mathciya R. S. L. Hinde, Esq. (P-). 7. CHILOGLANIS BATESII. Bouleng. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 19. Body somewhat depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 5 to 6 times in total length. Head depressed, 14 times as long as broad, its length 3 times in total length; eye directed upwards, in second half of head, 5 to 6 times in length of head and equal to or a little less than interorbital width, which exceeds the distance between eye and posterior Fig. 363. Chiloglanis batesiz. Type. 4. nostril ; premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, well separated on the middle line, forming 3 or 4 transverse series; a group of 8 to 12 mandibular teeth ; maxillary barbel as long as eye, lower labial barbels shorter still. Dorsal 15; spine not serrated, 2 to 4 length of head. Adipose low, its base barely } its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal III 5-6. Pectoral spine not serrated, about } length of head. 486 SILURID. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe more or less produced. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Yellowish brown above, with large dark brown marblings forming more or less regular cross-bands; a black bar at the base of the caudal; lower parts white; fins whitish, a greyish band across the caudal. Total length 38 millim. South Cameroon. 1-4. Types. Efulen. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 5. Type. Tributaries of Lobi R., iF S.W. of Hfulen. 6. Her. Lobi R. 35 7-16. Ad. & her. Ja R. 5 31. HUCHILICHTHYS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 522, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 330 (1901), and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 47 (1902). Body moderately elongate, not or but feebly compressed. Dorsal fin entirely in advance of ventrals, formed of a spine and 6 branched rays ; an adipose fin opposed to the anal, which is short. Pectoral with a spine. Ventral with 7 rays. A cephalo-nuchal bony shield. Mouth large, inferior, surrounded by a much-developed, circular, papillose lip ; a broad band of pointed, curved, movable teeth in the premaxillaries, this band entirely in advance of the narrower band of mandibular teeth, the base of which is long and slender, the crown truncate or notched and bent up hook-like. A barbel on each side, and a pair of very short ones on each side of the lower section of the circular lip. Nostrils rather close together, the posterior with a valve; eye with free border. Gill-openings short, confined to the sides. Air-bladder small, free, trilocular. Vertebre: 37 (16-+21). 8 branchiostegal rays. Congo System. Synopsis of the Species. Depth of body 7 times in total length ; eye 10 times in length of head, 5 times in inter- ocular width; base of adipose fin 1 its distance from dorsal. . . . . . . . 1. E. guentheri, Schilth., p. 487. Depth of body 53 to 64 times in total length ; eye 0 to 7 times in length of head, 2 to 3 EUCHILICHTHYS. 487 times in interocnlar width ; base of adipose fin 2 to $ its distance from dorsal. . . . 2. E. royauwi, Blgr., p..488. Depth of body 44 times in total length ; eye 5 to 55 times in length of head, 2 times in interocular width; base of adipose fin nearly equal to its distance from dorsal . . . . 3. E. dybowski/, Vaill., p. 489. 1. EUCHILICHTHYS GUENTHERI. Atopochilus guentheri, Schilth. Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p. 86, pl. vi. fig. 2. uchilichthys guentheri, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 523, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 331 (1901). Depth of body % its greatest width, 7 times in total length. Head large, much depressed, covered with soft skin, a little longer than broad, its length 34 times in total length; snout broadly rounded, nearly twice as long as postocular part of head; nostrils nearer end of Fig. 364, Luchilichthys quentheri, Type. 3. snout than eye, the diameter of which is 10 times in length of head, 5 times in interocular width; buccal cleft straight, nearly half length of head; mandibular teeth notched; lateral barbel + length of head, posterior barbels about half diameter of eye. Dorsal I 6, originating immediately behind pectorals ; spine strong, covered with skin, measuring ‘+ length of head. Adipose fin } its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 10 (5 rays rudimentary). Pectoral spine 4 length of head, its 488 SILURIDA. inner border with strong retrorse spines. Ventrals not reaching anal. Caudal forked, lower lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Skin villose. Dark brown, with small round black spots on the anterior parts. _ Total length 190 millim. Congo (Stanley Pool). 1. Type. Kinshassa. M. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University Museum (E.). 2. EUCHILICHTHYS ROYAUXI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. p. 46, pl. xiii. (1902). Depth of body about 2 its greatest width, 5} to 6} times in total length. Head large, much depressed, covered with soft skin, a little ‘longer than broad, its length 3 to 33 times in total length; snout Fig. 365. Euchilichthys rayauar. Type (A. M.C.). 3. broadly rounded, nearly twice as long as postocular part of head; nostrils nearer end of snout than eye, the diameter of which is 5 to 7 times in length of head, 2 to 3 times in interocular width; buccal cleft straight, about + length of head; mandibular teeth truncate or feebly notched; lateral barbel + length of head, posterior about } EUCHILICHTHYS. 489 diameter of eye. Dorsal I 6, originating immediately behind pectorals ; spine strong, covered with skin, + to 4 length of head. Adipose fin ¢ to 3 its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal ILI-IV 6-7. Pectoral spine 3 to ? length of head, inner border serrated. Ventrals not reaching anal. Caudal forked, lower lobe the longer. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Skin villose. Olive or brownish, often with small round black spots; caudal region sometimes darker, with a yellowish ring round the caudal peduncle behind the adipose fin. Total length 220 millim. Congo System.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 2. Skel. 43 x 55 3-4. Her. & yg. Lindi R., Upp. Congo. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 5-9. Ad. & hgr. Libi R., 8S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 3. EUCHILICHTHYS DYBOWSKIIL. Chiloglanis dybowskii, Vaill. C. R. Soc. Philom. 1892, no. 16, p. 2. Euchilichthys dybowskii, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 523, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 332 (1901). Body a little deeper than broad, its depth 44 times in total length. Head large, moderately depressed, covered with a very thin skin, not quite 1} times as long as broad, its length 22 times in total length ; snout rounded, nearly twice as long as postocular part of head ; nostril nearer end of snout than eye, the diameter of which is 5 to 55 times in length of head, twice in interocular width; buccal cleft straight, % length of head; mandibular teeth with truncate crowns; lateral barbel nearly 4+ length of head, posterior shorter still. Dorsal I 6; spine strong and smooth, 2 length ‘of head. Adipose fin much longer than deep, nearly as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal 10 (3 rays rudimentary). Pectoral spine 2 length of head, inner border with 4 or 5 strong retrorse serre. Ventrals extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Skin villose on sides of body. Pale brown; a blackish band across the dorsal, another across the pectorals; ventrals and anal blackish. Total length 39 millim. Ubanghi.—Types, in Paris Museum, examined. 490 SILURID.®. 32. ATOPOCHILUS. Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1878, p. 96, and N. Arch. Mus. (2) i. 1880, p: 42; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vi. 1900, p. 524. Body moderately elongate, feebly depressed. Dorsal fin entirely in advance of ventrals, formed of a spine and 6 branched rays; an adipose fin opposed to the anal, which is short. Pectoral with a strong spine. Ventral with 7 rays. A cephalo-nuchal bony shield. Mouth large, inferior, surrounded by a much developed, circular, papillose lip; teeth fine, slender, movable, truncate, bent at an obtuse angle and forming a very broad band in the premaxillaries, this band entirely in advance of the narrower band of mandibular teeth, which are similar to the pre- maxillaries, but closer together ; conical teeth on the vomer; a barbel on each side, and another pair on the posterior border of the lip; nostrils close together, the posterior with a valve; eyes with free border. Gill-openings short, confined to the sides. Gaboon to Angola. Two species :— Length of head 33 times in total length; eye 45 times in length of head and not more than twice in interorbital width ; anal with 11 rays Hlcloc ogee Tae 1. A. savorgnani, Sauy., p. 490. Length of head 2? times in total length; eye 63 times in length of head and 24 times in interorbital width ; anal with 9 rays . 2. A. macrocephalus, Blgr., p. £91. 1. ATOPOCHILUS SAVORGNANI. Sauy. Il. ce. pl. iii. fig. 3; Bouleng. 1. ¢. Depth of body a little less than its greatest width, 52 times in total length. Head depressed, 1} times‘as long as deep, a little longer than broad, its length 332 times in total length; upper surface of head a little rugose ; snout broadly rounded, its length 2} times postocular part of head ; nostrils nearer end of snout than eye, the diameter of which is 45 times in length of head, 12 times in interorbital width ; buccal cleft straight, 2 length of head; band of mandibular teeth not half as broad as that of premaxillaries; lateral barbel + length of head, more than twice as long as posterior barbel. Occipito-nuchal shield as long as broad, ending in two points. 33 55-56. Her. Ye. Cr Ou Or He On ay 58-60. Her. & yg. 61. Ad. 62-64. Hor. & yg 65. Her. GG, Gis Ad (eh Wee 69. Her. Se naanna 5 Spi tees . > fy a9qQ = Sesh 0 ) | Co bo a 3-75. Her. & ye. SILURID_E, Ossomari, Low. Niger. Agber, Niger Delta. Creek Town, Old Calabar. Old Calabar. Fernando Po. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. Benito R., Spanish Guinea. Gaboon. 2? Ovgowe. L. Ogemwe, Ogowe. Fan Forest, West Africa. 9 Monsembe, Upp. Congo. New Antwerp, ,, L. Tanganyika. Kalambo, L. Tanganyika. Albertville, Nyamkolo, Bi Dr, W. J. Ansorge (C.). A. Millson, Esq. (C.). Rey. H. M. Waddell (C.). W. Carruthers, Esq. (P.). Miss Kingsley (C.). Capt. Jackson (C.) ; Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). Mr. HE, Seimund (C.). G. L. Bates, Hsq. (C.). ” R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). Miss Kingsley (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge ((.). D. W. Mitchell, Esq. (P.). Dr. B. Baikie (C.). Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). Capt. Wilverth (C.). Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). Capt. Heeq (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). ablabes (Barbus), 156. », (Puntius), 156. abyssinicus (Nemachilus), 217. acanthomias (Synodontis), 400. acutirostris (Chrysiehthys), 319. acutivelis (Arius), 322. adansonii (Bagrus), 283. Ph (Eutropius), 283. afer (Barbus), 178. affinis (Barbus), 47. » (Malapterurus), 512. africanus (Arius), 389. afro-fischeri (Synodontis), 425, 452. Ailia somalensis, 301. akakianus (Barbus), 122. alberti (Synodontis), 454. Alburnus alexandrinus, 193. A eallensis, 188. a niloticus, 193. alexandrinus (Alburnus), 193. Allabenchelys, 266. 5 brevior, 266. # longicauda, 267. alluaudi (Clarias), 253. altianalis (Barbus), 36, alticola (Barbus), 55. altidorsalis (Barbus), 101. altipinnis (Auchenoglanis), 372. 9 (Eutropius), 283. alius (Barbus), 117. amphigramma (Barbus), 145. Amphilius, 353. angustifrons, 362. 5 atesuensis, 360. ee brevis, 361. a grandis, 355. * hargeri, 358. Pr krefftii, 356. leroyi, 355. we longirostris, 359. DE x Amphilius nigricaudatus, 361. aA platychir, 357, 360. Hi uranoscopus, 354 395, 357. amplexicauda (Clarias), 261. Ancharius, 378. a brevibarbis, 380. ‘Sy fuscus, 379. Andersonia, 510. 5 leptura, 510. anema (Barbus), 182. angelicus (Synodontis), 440. angolensis (Clarias), 250. 5 (Doumea), 497. anguillaris (Clarias), 226, 231. is (Heterobranchus), 235. es (Macropteronotus), 226. 0 (Platystacus), 278. “ (Plotosus), 278. + (Silurus), 226, 235. angustifrons (Amphilius), 362. 5 (Anoplopterus), 362. Anoplopterus, 353. Pre: angustifrons, 362. a longirostris, 359. rs platyechir, 357. = uranoscopus, 354. anoplus (Barbus), 177. ansorgil (Barbus), 126. 4 (Phractura), 50+. antinoril (Barbus), 112. apleurogramma (Barbus), 144. apus (Channallabes), 271. 5 (Gymnallabes), 271. arab (Plotosns), 279. arabi (Synodontis), 40-4. arcislongé (Barbus), 169. argentea (Neobola), 212. argenteus (Barbus), 169. 0 (Engrauliey pris), 212. Ariodes, 383. OIL, A 516 Arius, 383. acutivelis, 322. » atricanns, 389. » falearius, 389. gigas, 380. heudeleti, 387. kirkii, 389. .. datiscutatus, 385, 386- +» madagascariensis, 38S. 5 mare 385, 387. asper (Barbus), 76. aspilus (Barbus}, 181. ater (Galeichthys), 332. atesuensis (Amphilius), 360. atlantica (Capoéta), 87. atlanticus (Barbus), 87. Atopochilus, 490. “ euentheri, 487- ee macrocephalus, 495. savorgnani, 490. anescnuneysy 386. = biseutatus, 867, 369. Auchenoglanis, 366. a altipinnis, 372. EY ballayi, 373. on guttatus, 364. = macrostoma, 365. ngamensis, 371. oa occidentalis, 369. pulcher, 372. 5 punctatus, 376. es tavganicanus, 369. 5 tehadiensis, 369. Te Gee 7 ubangensis, 375. auratus (Bagrus), 325. ., (Chrysichthys), 324, 325, 327. , (Cyprinus), 218. > (Pimelodus), 325. » (Poveus), 325, » (Schilbe), 293. aureus (Barbus), 90. », (Labeobarbus), 90. auritus (Schilbe), 298. » (Siluranodon), 298. Bagrine, 219. Bagrus, 304, 381- » auratus, 325. bayad, 305, 397. 5 capensis, 381. INDEX. Bagrus capito, 325. » degeni, 311. » depressirostris, 291. + doemae, 308. » laticeps, 342. » Maurus, 321. >» Meridionalis, 312. » nhigrita, 842. >» orientalis, 307. » schilbeoides, 283. >» ubangensis, 313. urostigma, 312. baleen (Pimelodus), 373. ballayi (Auchenoglanis), 373. banguelensis (Barbus), 151. 35 (Eutropius), 282. Barbus, 1. » ablabes, 156. 5 adansonii, 282. 2 afer, 178. >» aftinis, 47- » akakianus, 122. » altianalis, 36. >» alticola, 55. » altidorsalis, 101. so tis ING » amphigramma, 145. Fe anema, 182. » anoplus, 177. ee ansorgii, 126. + antinorn, 112. > apleurogramma, 144. >» arcislonge, 169. a argenteus, 136. » asper, 176. » aspilus, 181. atlanticus, 87. os aureus, 90. », banguelensis, 151. » batesii, 43, . bingeri, 69. ., biany, 26. biscarensis, 108. >» bettegi, 70. » bowkeri, 39. % brazze, 180, 9 breijeri, 103. », brevibarbis, 49. », brevicauda, 64. » bruceii, 80. » burchelli, 146. Barbus burgi, 147. bynni, 26. callensis, 108, 109, 112. callipterus, 167. camptacanthus, 139, 163, 166, capensis, 123. earpio, 134. caudimacula, 138. caudovittatus, 94. chilotes, 93. chlorotenia, 162. codringtonii, 98. compinei, 53. congicus, 174. cottesi, 139. decipiens, 104. degeni, 50. deserti, 157. doggetti, 174. duchesnii, 31. eduardianus, 63. elephantis, 78. elongatus, 75. erlangeri, 29. eumystus, 44. eurystomus, 64. eutenia, 131. fairbairnii, 97. fasciolatus, 161. fergussonti, 59. fritschii, 85. gananensis, 37. gibbosus, 121. gilchristi, 88. gobionides, 148. gorguarl, 75. gregorii, 45. gudaricus, 40. guirali, 142. gurneyi, 89, 150. harringtonii, 61. hemipleurogramma, 150. hindii, 56, holotenia, 139. holubi, 22. humeralis, 154. humilis, 160. hursensis, 46. ilgi, 63. inermis, 152. innocens, 160. INDEX. 517 Barbus intermedius, 45, 59, 64. je, 184. jacksonii, 105, 106, 107. jarsinus, 62. jehnstenii, 90. kassamensis, 30. katange, 104. kerstenii, 130. kessleri, 131, 138, 139. krapfi, 54. ksibi, 111. karumani, 144. Jabiatus, 55. jagoensis, 100. laticeps, 128. latirostris, 64. lepidotus, 26. leptepogon, 109. leptosema, 50. liberiensis, 165. linegomaculatus, 159. linnelli, 53. litamba, 143. leboebilus, 92. lobogenys, 33. lengicauda, 121. lumiensis, 125. inacmillani, 87. macrolepis, 99. macronema, 24. macropristis, 115. magdalene, 179. marequensis, 34, 36. margarite, 39. mathoia, 66. mattozi, 118. meneliki, 67. tnento, 41, meruensis, 115. micronema, 79. microterolepis, 25. minchini, 126. miolepis, 13], 141, 168. mitior, 105, meoril, 206, motebensis, 147. multimaculatus, 148. nairobiensis, 132. nasus, 113. natalensis, 23. nedgia, 33, 51. 518 INDEX. Barbus neglectus, 173. | Barbus teniurus, 165. ” neumayeri, 152. neuvillii, 45. nigeriensis, 15+. nigrolinea, 130. nummifer, 108. nyassee, 77. occidentalis, 32. oreas, 38. oxyrhynehus, 76. pagenstecheri, 72. pallidus, 149. paludinosus, 115. pappenheim?, 107. paucior, 136. paytoni, 82. percivali, 135, perince, 170. perplexicans, 71. pfefferi, 117. plagiostomus, 38. platyrhinus, 76. platystomus, 73. pleurogramma, 120. pleuropholis, 175. polylepis, 21. portali, 133. prozenys, 102. pumilus, 186. quadripunctatus, 153.. radcliffii, 34. radiatus, 155. rapax, 119, rejnii, 42. rhoadesii, 72. rhodesianus, 95. riggenbachi, 8+. rogersi, 180. rothschildi, 83. rueppelli, 25. ruspolii, 28. salessil, 183. salmo, 129. sector, 78. serra, 114. serrifer, 124. setifensis, 110. setivimensis, 110, sexradiatus, 128. stigmatopygus, 183. surkis, 65, ” taitensis, 117. tanensis, 56, 58, 66. tetraspilus, 127, thikensis, ]20. trevelyani, 143. trimaculatus, 103, 105, 153. trispilomimus, 183. trispilopleura, 169, 172. trispilus, 163. tropidolepis, 2. uniteniatus, 158. usambare, 149. victorie, 96. vinciguerrai, 115. viviparus, 170. vulneratus, 148. waldoi, 86. walkeri, 164. wellmani, 137. welwitschii, 115. werneri, 168. wurtzi, 99, zambesensis, 91. zanzibaricus, 136. zaphiri, 74, zuaicus, 64. Barilius, 191. bibie, 202, 215. buchholzi, 201. fasciolatus, 200. guentheri, 205. kingsleye, 202. loati, 203. longirostris, 195. lujw, 196. microcephalus, 205. microlepis, 208, neavil, 199. niloticus, 193. sardella, 210. senegalensis, 204. steindachneri, 197. tanganice, 207. thebensis, 193. ubangensis, 200. weeksii, 195. weynsii, 198. zaibesensis, 198. Barynotus, 1. compinei, 53. Barynotus lagensis, 100. batensoda (Brachysynodontis), 472. » (Synodontis), 472. batesii (Barbus), 43. », (Chiloglanis), 485. » (Microsynodontis), 476. » (Synodontis), 455. bayad (Bagrus), 305, 307. » (Poreus), 305. » (Silurus), 305, 308. Belonoglanis, 508. as tenuis, 509. beninensis (Malapterurus), 512. bibie (Barilius), 202, 215. », (Chelethiops), 215. > (Leuciscus), 215. », (Pelecus), 215. bidorsalis (Ileterobranchus), 273. bingeri (Barbus), 69. binny (Barbus), 26. biscarensis (Barbus), 108. biscutatus (Auchenaspis), 367, 369. 53 (Auchenoglanis), 367, 369. 34 (Pimelodus), 367. bocagii (Eutropius), 290. bottegi (Barbus), 70. » (HEngraulicypris), 213. » (Neobola), 213. bouvieri (Schilbe), 294. bovei (Peltura), 499. » (Phractura), 499. bowkeri (Barbus), 89. brachynema (Chrysichthys), 340. Brachysynodoutis, 391. Fr batensoda, 472. brazzee (Barbus), 180. breijeri (Barbus), 103. brevianalis (Engraulicypris), 211. Ay (Neobola), 211. brevibarbis (Ancharius), 380, is (Barbus), 49. (Chiloglanis), 484. (Chrysichthys), 329. i, (Chrysobagrus), 329. brevicauda (Barbus), 64. “ (Phractura), 502. breyiceps (Clarias), 247. brevior (Allabenchelys), 266, brevis (Amphilius), 361. » (Mochocus), 495, brucii (Barbus), 80. ” ” INDEX. buchholzi (Barilius), 201. +5 (Opsaridium), 201. budgetti (Clarias), 231. » (Synodontis), 403, buettikoferi (Clarias), 261. bulume (Clarias), 258. burchelli (Barbus), 146. burgi (Barbus), 147. buthupogon (Clarias), 252. buttikoferi (Chrysichthys), 322. bynni (Barbas), 26. » (Cyprinus), 26. bythipogon (Clarias), 252. callarias (Silurus), 469. callensis (Alburnus), 188. (Barbus), 198, 109, 112. 3s (Leuciseus), 188, callipterus (Barbus), 167. camaronensis (Chrysichthys), 320. cameronensis (Chiloglanis), 482. camerunensis (Clarias), 252. bk) camptacanthus (Barbus), 139, 163, 166. 53 (Puntius), 164, 166. capensis (Bagrus), 381. (Barbus), 123. oe (Clarias), 228, 235, 240. capito (Bagrus), 325. », (Chrysichthys), 325, Capoéta, 1. 3 atlantiea, 87. 5 waldoi, 86. carpio (Barbus), 134. carsouli (Clarias), 243. castaneus (Plotosus), 279. caudalis (Synodontis), 397. caudimacula (Barbus), 138. caudovittatus (Barbus), 94. a (Synodontis), 412. Channallabes, 271. apus, 271. ” ” charmuth (Macropteronotus), 226, 230, Cheilobarbus, 1. Chelethiops, 214. bibie, 215. 53 elongatus, 216. Chiloglanis, 478. batesil, 485. breyibarbis, 484. cameronensis, 482. . .. by) ” ” 520 Chiloglanis deckenii, 479, 481. 5 dybowskii, 489. 35 modjensis, 480. 5 neumanni, 481. sy niloticus, 483. chilotes (Barbus), 93. Chimarrhoglanis, 353. 5 leroyi, 357. chlorotenia (Barbus), 162. Chrysichthys, 314. ss acutirostris, 319. auratus, 324, 325, 327. # brachynema, 340. brevibarbis, 329. buttikoferi, 522. + camaronensis, 320. a capito, 325. corisecanus, 322. cranchii, 332, 342. s delhezi, 335. us duttoni, 331. 5 fureatus, 320. 5 kingsleye, 324. % lagoensis, 322. 3 longibarbis, 330. ” mabusi, 336. BS macrops, 322, 324, 325. ae myriodon, 339. 45 nigrita, 342. a nigrodigitatus, 321. ue ogowensis, 322, 5 ornatus, 337. a persinilis, 32+. 0 punctatus, 334. 3 rueppelli, 327, sharpii, 318. on sianenna, 317. + wagenaari, 331, ay walkeri, 324. Chrysobagrus, 314, 5 brevibarbis, 329. me longibarbis, 330, citernii (Synodontis), 410. Clariallabes, 268. a melas, 268. Clarias, 221. » alluandi, 253, » amplexicauda, 261. » angolensis, 250, + anguillaris, 226, 231. » breyiceps, 247. INDEX. Clarias budgetti, 231. » buettikoferi, 261. » bulume, 258. » buthupogon, 252. », bythipogon, 252. .5 camerunensis, 252. » capensis, 228, 235, 240. » ¢arsonii, 243. >» dolloi, 250. 5, dumerilii, 257. » fouloni, 263. » gabonensis, 250, 252 » gariepinus, 228, 232 » guentheri, 232. » hasselquistii, 226, » jJaensis, 242. » kingsleye, 260. ,, leviceps, 260. : lazera, 232, 235. », liberiensis, 258. » liocephalus, 246. ., longiceps, 235, »longior, 249. >, macracanthus, 235. > macromystax, 256. » melas, 268. » mellandi, 238. », micropbthalmus, 232, 253. » moorii, 230. » mossambicus, 228, 232. > neumanni, 246. » ngamensis, 235. + ovontis, 235. » pachynema, 259. Es parvimanus, 226. ,», platycephalus, 241. ., poensis, 24-4. 5, vobecchii, 232, , sale, 264. » senegalensis, 231. » smithii, 232. » submarginatus, 245, » syriacus, 235, ,, theodore, 262. ,, tsanensis, 239. + vVinciguerre, 234, ., walkeri, 248. » werneri, 254. », xenodon, 235. clarias (Pimelodus), 404, » (Silurus), 469, clarias (Synodontis), 404, 469. Clariine, 218. Clarotes, 341. 45 heuglini, 342. ‘y laticeps, 342. Cobitis, 216. codringtonii (Barbus), 98. compinei (Barbus), 53. os (Barynotus), 53. congensis (Hutropius), 281, 288. 3 (Silurus), 281. congica (Parailia), 302. congicus (Barbus), 174. » (Gephyroglanis), 345. congolensis (Eutropius), 281. coriscanus (Chrysichthys), 322. cottesi (Barbus), 139. courteti (Synodontis), 441. cranchii (Chrysichthys), 382, 342. » (Pimelodus), 332, cunningtoni (Dinotopterus), 277. Cyprinide, 1. Cyprinus auratus, 218. 3 bynni, 26. yt lepidotus, 26. debauwi (Eutropius), 288. decipiens (Barbus), 104. deckenii (Chiloglanis), 479, 481. decorus (Synodontis), 468. degeni (Bagrus), 311. » (Barbus), 50. delhezi (Chrysichthys), 335. depauwi (Synodontis), 438. depressirostris (Bagrus), 291. on (Eutropius), 21. deserti (Barbus), 157. Dinotopterus, 276. % cunningtoni, 277. dispila (Sehilbe), 293. doemae (Bagrus), 308. » (Porcus), 308. doemak (Silurus), 308. doggetti (Barbus), 174. dolloi (Clarias), 250. Doradine, 220. Doumea, 496. a angolensis, 497. i scaphirhynehura, 505. Pr typica, 496, INDEX. 521 duchesnii (Barbus), 31. dumerilii (Clarias), 257. duttoni (Chrysichthys), 531. dybowskii (Chiloglanis), 489. 3 (Euchilichthys), 489. eduardianus (Barbus), 63. electricus (Malopterurus), 512. a (Silurus), 512. elephantis (Barbus), 78. elongatus (Barbus), 75. + (Chelethiops), 216. a (Luciobarbus), 75. emini (Schilbe), 296. Engraulicypris, 209. "4 argenteus, 212, nS bottegi, 213. F brevianalis, 211. minutus, 213. pinguis, 210. sardella, 210. Enteromius, 1. bs potamogalis, 156. erlangeri (Barbus), 29. Euchilichthys, 486. 4) dybowskii, 489. 64) guentheri, 487. 6 royauxi, 488. eumystus (Barbus), 44. eupterus (Synodontis), 427. eurystomus (Barbus), 64. % (Synodontis), 479. eutenia (Barbus), 131. Eutropius, 279. Ls adansonii, 283. ee altipinnis, 283. as benguelensis, 282. “i bocagii, 290. congensis, 281, 288. rs) congolensis, 281. ie debauwi, 288, ss depressirostris, 291. 4 grenfelli, 286. * lemairii, 291. “3 liberiensis, 287. Bs mandibularis, 290. mentalis, 288. mobiusi, 293, moebii, 293. au niloticus, 283. . obtusirostris, 283, / falcarius (Arius), 389. fasciata (Schilbe), 294. fasciolatus (Barbus), 161. ah (Barilius), 200. feliceps (Galeichthys), 381. fergussonii (Barbus), 59. filamentosus (Synodontis), 460. fouloni (Clarias), 263. fritschii (Barbus), 85. frontosus (Synodontis), 410. fuelleborni (Synodontis), 427, | fureatus (Chrysichthys), 320. | fusecus (Ancharius), 379. | fairbairnii (Barbus), 97. | | gabonensis (Clarias), 250, 252. Galeichthys, 381. 5 ater, 332. 3 feliceps, 381. gambiensis (Synodontis), 407, 415. gananensis (Barbus), 37. gariepinus (Clarias), 228, 232. a (Silurus), 228. geledensis (Synodontis), 458. geoffroyi (Heterobranchus), 273. Gephyroglanis, 344. a1 congicus, 345. 35 longipinuis, 848. = ogoensis, 346. » rotundiceps, 392. 5 sclateri, 346. a tilhoi, 348. gibbosus (Barbus), 121. gigas (Arius), 386. gilchristi (Barbus), 88. Gnathendalia vulnerata, 148. gobionides (Barbus), 148. Gonocephalus, 341. gorguari (Barbus), 75. », (Luciobarbus), 75. - grandis (Amphilius), 355. granulosus (Synodontis), 413. gregoril (Barbus), 45. grenfelli (Hutropius), 236. greshofli (Synodontis), 452. gudaricus (Barbus), 40. guentheri (Atopochilus), 487, (Barilius), 205. : (Clarias), 232, (Buchilichthys), 437. INDEX. guentheri (Synodontis), 474. guirali (Barbus), 142. » (Pimelodus), 373. gurneyi (Barbus), 89, 150. guttatus (Auchenoglanis), 364. » (Parauchenoglanis), 364. » (Pimelodus), 364. » (Synodontis), 436, 447. Gymnallabes, 270. 5 apus, 271. 3 typus, 270. hargeri (Amphilius), 398. harringtonii (Barbus), 61. harterti (Barbus), 81. hasselquistii (Clarias), 226. ep (Schilbe), 283. haugi (Synodontis), 436. hemipleurogramma (Barbus), 140. Hemisynodontis, 391. Mi membranaceus, 474. 3 nigrita, 429, a schall, 404. Heterobranchus, 272. = avguillaris, 235, a bidorsalis, 273. a geoffroyi, 273. * intermedius, 273. isopterus, 276. x laticeps, 274. as longifilis, 274. Pe macronema, 276, aA senegalensis, 273. heudeloti (Arius), 387. heuglinii (Clarotes), 342... hindii (Barbus), 56, holotenia (Barbus), 139, holubi (Barbus), 22. humeralis (Barbus), 154. humeratus (Synodontis), 430. humilis (Barbus), 160. hursensis (Barbus), 46. Hypophthalmus niloticus, 283. ikapor (Plotosus), 278. ilgi (Barbus), 63. inermis (Barbus), 152. innocens (Barbus), 160. . - intermedia (Phractura), 603... intermedius (Barbus), 45, 59, 64, 5 (Heterobranchus), 273. 55 (Schilbe), 293. isidori (Schilbe), 296. isopterus (Heterobranchus), 276. jacksonii (Barbus), 105, 106, 107. je (Barbus), 184. jaensis (Clarias), 242. jarsinus (Barbus), 62. johnstonii (Barbus), 90. kassamensis (Barbus), 30. katange (Barbus), 104. kerstenii (Barbus), 130. kessleri (Barbus), 131, 138, 139. » (Puntius), 138. kingsleye (Barilius), 202. fe (Chrysichthys), 324. (Clarias), 260. kirkii (Arius), 389. krapfi (Barbus), 54. krefftii (Amphilius), 356, ksibi (Barbus), 111. kurumani (Barbus), 144. labeo (Synodontis), 449, 450. Labeobarbus, 1. 99 aureus, 90. 90 nedgia, 51. a zambezensis, 91. labiatus (Barbus), 55. leeviceps (Clarias), 260. lagensis (Barynotus), 100, lagoensis (Barbus), 100. » (Chrysichthys), 322. laticeps (Bagrus), 342. » (Barbus), 128. » (Clarotes), 342. », (Heterobranchus), 274. » (Pimelodus), 342. latirostris (Barbus), 64. latiscutatus (Arius), 385, 386. Jazera (Clarias), 232, 235, Leiosynodontis, 391. Pa maculosus, 404. INDEX. 2 Oo lemairii (Eutropius), 291. lepidotus (Barbus), 26. » (Cyprinus), 26. Leptocypris, 190. a modestus, 190. Leptoglanis, 350. 5s rotundiceps, 352. 5 xenognathus, 3d1. leptopogon (Barbus), 109. leptosoma (Barbus), 50. leptura (Andersonia), 510. leroyi (Amphilius), 355. », (Chimarrhoglanis), 357. Leuciscus, 188. * bibie, 215. a callensis, 188. % chaignoni, 188, 189. Fy niloticus, 193. ae thebensis, 193. 3 zambesensis, 198. liberiensis (Barbus), 163. 8 (Clarias), 258. 1 (Eutropius), 287. lindica (Phractura), 500. lineatus (Plotosus), 278. lineomaculatus (Barbus), 159. linnelli (Barbus), 53. liocephalus (Clarias), 246. litamba (Barbus), 143. loati (Barilius), 203. lobochilus (Barbus), 92. lobogenys (Barbus), 33. longibarbis (Chrysichthys), 330. *) (Chrysobagrus), 330. longicauda (Allabenchelys), 267. *, (Barbus), 121. Ms (Phractura), 504. longiceps (Clarias), 238. longifilis (Heterobranchus), 27+. » . (Parailia), 303. longior (Clarias), 249. longipinnis (Gephyroglanis), 348. longirostris (Amphilius), 359. (Anoplopterus), 359. (Barilius), 195. a3 (Synodoutis), 448. Luciobarbus, 1,. elongatus, 75. Me gorguari, 75, luje (Barilius), 196. lumiensis (Barbus), 125. ” ” th) mabusi (Chrysichthys), 336. macmillani (Barbus), 67. macracanthus (Clarias), 235. macrocephalus (Atopochilus), 491. macrodon (Synodontis), 469. macrolepis (Barbus), 99. macromystax (Clarias), 256. macronema (Barbus), 24. B (Heterobranchus), 276. macropristis (Barbus), 115. macrops (Chrysichthys), 322, 324, 325. Macropteronotus, 221. 9 anguillaris, 226. ny charmuth, 226, 235. macrostigma (Synodontis), 432. macrostoma (Auchenoglanis), 365. 2 (Parauchenoglanis), 365. maculatus (Synodontis), 462. maculosus (Leiosynodontis), 404. 4s (Synodontis), 404. madagascariensis (Arius), 388. magdalenz (Barbus), 179. Malapterurus, 511. Pp affinis, 512. Br beninensis, 512. 5 electricus, 512. a ogoensis, 512. Malopterurine, 221, Malopterurus, 511. ss electricus, 512. mandibularis (Hutropius), 290. marequensis (Barbus), 3+, 36. margarite (Barbus), 39. marginatus (Plotosus), 278. marmoratus (Synodontis), 425. mathoiz (Barbus), 66. mattozi (Barbus), 118. niaurus (Bagrus), 321. Melanodactylus, 314. a nigrodigitatus, 322. melanogaster (Synodontis), 473. melanopterus (Synodontis), 431. melanostictus (Synodontis), 418. melas (Clariallabes), 268. » (Clarias), 268, mellandi (Clarias), 238. membranaceus (Hemisynodontis), 474. 1) (Pimelodus), 474. * (Synodontis), 472, 474. meneliki (Barbus), 67. mentalis (Eutropius), 288, INDEX. mento (Barbus), 41. meridionalis (Bagrus), 312. meruensis (Barbus), 115. microcephalus (Barilius), 205. 90 (Pelotrophus), 205. microlepis (Barilius), 208. 5 (Pelotrophus), 208. micronema (Barbus), 79. inicrophthalmus (Clarias), 232, 253. Microsynodontis, 476. on batesii, 476. microterolepis (Barbus), 23. minchini (Barbus), 126. minuta (Neobola), 213. minutus (Engraulicypris), 213. » (Trachyglanis), 507. miolepis (Barbus), 131, 141, 168. mitior (Barbus), 105. mobiusi (Eutropius), 293. moebii (Eutropius), 293. Mochoeus, 492. ms brevis, 495. ‘ niloticus, 493. modestus (Leptocypris), 190. modjensis (Chiloglanis), 480. mongallensis (Slatinia), 510. moorii (Barilius), 206. - », (Clarias), 230. mossambicus (Clarias), 228, 232. motebensis (Barbus), 147. multimaculatus (Barbus), 148. ” (Synodontis), 419. multipunctatus (Synodontis), 420. myriodon (Chrysichthys), 339. inystus (Schilbe), 293. » Silurus), 293. nairobiensis (Barbus), 132, nasus (Barbus), 113. natalensis (Barbus), 23. neavil (Barilius), 199. nebulosus (Synodontis), 423. nedgia (Barbus), 33, 51. » (Labeobarbus), 51. neglectus (Barbus), 173. Nemachilus, 216. A abyssinicus, 217. Neobola, 209. %9 argentea, 212. + bottegi, 215, Neobola brevianalis, 211, a minuta, 215. neumanni (Chiloglanis), 481. 5 (Clarias), 246. neumayeri (Barbus), 132. neuvillii (Barbus), 45. ngamensis (Auchenoglanis), 371. = (Clarias), 235. nigeriensis (Barbus), 154. nigricaudatus (Amphilius), 361, nigrita (Bagrus), 342. » (Chrysichthys), 342. » (Hemisynodontis), 429. » (Octonematichthys), 342. » (Synodontis), 429. nigrodigitatus (Chrysichthys), 321. 9 (Melanodactylus), 322. 4 (Pimelodus), 321. nigrolinea (Barbus), 131. nigromaculatus (Synodontis), 416, niloticus (Alburnus), 193. 5 (Barilius), 193. »» (Chiloglanis), 483. os (Eutropius), 283. 3 (Hypophthalmus), 283. 5 (Leuciseus), 193. 3 (Mochocus), 493. notatus (Synodontis), 462. Notoglanidium, 377. “s walkeri, 377. nummifer (Barbus), 105. xt (Synodontis), 463. nyasse (Barbus), 77. . », (Synodontis), 415. obesus (Synodontis), 433. obtusirostris (Hutropius), 283. occidentalis (Auchenoglanis), 369. is (Barbus), 32. 35 (Pimelodus), 369. ocellifer (Synodontis), 409. Octonematichthys, 341. ag nigrita, 342, ogoensis (Gephyroglanis), 346. » (Malapterurus), 512. ogowensis (Chrysichthys), 322. omias (Synodontis), 400, 401. Opsaridion zambezense, 198. Opsaridium, 191. 3 buechholzi, 201, INDEX. (oni bo aby | Opsarius thebensis, 193. oreas (Barbus), 38. orientalis (Bagrus), 307. ornatipinnis (Synodontis), 444. orvatus (Chrysichthys), 337, orontis (Clarias), 235. Ostariophysi, 1. Oxyglanis, 366. a sacchii, 369. oxyrhynchus (Barbus), 76. pachynema (Clarias), 259. pagenstecheri (Barbus), 72. pallidus (Barbus), 149. paludinosus (Barbus), 115. pappenheimi (Barbus), 107. Parailia, 302. 6 congica, 302. oh longifilis, 303. Paramphilius, 3638. <3 trichomycteroides, 363, Paraphractura, 506. 3 tenuicauda, 506. Parauchenoglanis, 364. 0 guttatus, 364. 4 macrostoma, 365. pardalis (Synodontis), 442. parkii (Arius), 385, 387. parvimanus (Clarias), 226, paucior (Barbus), 136. paytoni (Barbus), 82. Pelecus bibie, 215. pellucida (Physailia), 300. Pelotrophus, 191. 5 microcephalus, 205, " microlepis, 208, Peltura, 498. » bovei, 499. », Sscapbirhynchura, 505. percivali (Barbus), 135. perince (Barbus), 170. perplexicans (Barbus), 71. persimilis (Chrysichthys), 324. pfefferi (Barbus), 117. Phoxinellus, 188. Phractura, 498. iy ansorgii, 504. i bovei, 499. ms brevicauda, 502. ‘ intermedia, 503, 526 Phractura lindiea, 560. = longicauda, 504. 3 scaphirhynechura, 505, Phyllonemus, 349. A typus, 349. Physailia, 300. 5 pellucida, 300. “ somalensis, 301. Pimelodus, 353. 69 auratus, 325. 9 balayi, 373. s biseutatus, 367. x clarias, 404. eranchii, 332. " guirali, 373. % guttatus, 364. x laticeps, 342. of) membranaceus, 474. 5 nigrodigitatus, 321. occidentalis, 369. % platychir, 357. A synodontis, 469. * uranoscopus, 305, 357. pinguis (Engraulicypris), 210. plagiostomus (Barbus), 68. platycephalus (Clarias), 241. platychir (Amphilins), 357, 360. r (Anoplopterus), 357. MS (Pimelodus), 357. platyrhinus (Barbus), 76. Platystacus, 278. a ancuillaris, 278. platystomus (Barbus), 73. pleurogramma (Barbus), 12). pleuropholis (Barbus), 175. pleurops (Synodontis), 466. Plotosine, 219. Plotosus, 278. A anguillaris, 278. 33 arab, 279. castaneus, 279. ikapor, 278. 0 lineatus, 278. “n marginatus, 278. poensis (Clarias), 24-4. polylepis (Barbus), 21. polyodon (Synodontis), 308. Porcus auratus, 325. », bayad, 305. , dormac, 308. portali (Barbus), 133. INDEX. potamogalis (Enteromius), 156. progenys (Barbus), 102. Pseudarius, 383. Pseudobarbus, 1. Pseudosynodontis, 391. + serratus, 457. pulcher (Auchenoglanis), 373. pumilus (Barbus), 186. punctatus (Auchenoglanis), 376. tp (Chrysichthys), 334. punctulatus (Synodontis), 415. Puntius, 1. 4 ablabes, 156. PH camptacanthus, 164, 166. rr kessleri, 138. a tholonianus, 166. % trispilos, 163. > vittatus, 158. quadripunctatus (Barbus), 153. radcliffil (Barbus), 34. radiatus (Barbus), 155. Rahad, 512. Raja torpedo, 512. rapax (Barbus), 119. Rasbora, 188. 35 zanzibarensis, 187. reinii (Barbus), 42. resupinatus (Syndontis), 471. Rhinoglanis, 492. on typus, 493. 35 vannutellii, 493. rhoadesii (Barbus), 72. rhodesianus (Barbus), 95. riggenbachi (Barbus), 84. robbianus (Synodontis), 433, 435, 439. robeechii (Clarias), 232. rogersi (Barbus), 180. rothschildi (Barbus), 83. rotundiceps (Gephyroglanis), 352, s (Leptoglanis), 352. royauxi (Huchilichthys), 488. rueppelli (Barbus), 20. Pr (Chrysichthys), 327, rukwaensis (Synodontis), 415. ruspolii (Barbus), 28. sacchii (Oxyglanis), 369. salee (Clarias), 264. salessii (Barbus), 183. salmo (Barbus), 129. sardella (Barilius), 210. » (Engraulicypris), 210. savorgnani (Atopochilus), 490. scaphirhynchura (Doumea), 505, a (Peltura), 505. 0 (Phractura), 505. schall (Hemisynodontis), 404. » (Silurus), 404. » (Synodontis), 404. Schilbe, 293. 7 auratus, 293. en auritus, 298. » bouvieri, 294, a dispila, 293. a5 emini, 296. . hasselquistii, 283. Bn intermedius, 293. » isidori, 296. a mystus, 293. A senegalensis, 294. a senegallus, 293. »» uranoscopus, 296. schilbeoides (Bagrus), 283. sclateri (Gephyroglanis), 346. sector (Barbus), 78. senegalensis (Barilius), 204. : (Clarias), 231. on (Heterobranchus), 2738. i (Schilbe), 29+. senegallus (Schilbe), 293. serra (Barbus), 1T4. serratus (Pseudosynodontis), 457. » (Synodontis), 433, 457, 458. serrifer (Barbus), 124. setifensis (Barbus), 110. setivimensis (Barbus), 110. sexradiatus (Barbus), 128. sharpli (Chrysichthys), 318. sianenna (Chrysichthys), 317. Siluranodon, 298. . auritus, 298. Siluride, 218. Silurine, 219. Silurus anguillaris, 226, 235. 7 auritus, 298% » bajad, 305, 308. ,, callarias, 469. » Clarias, 469. » congensis, 281. INDEX. Silurus doemak, 308. » electricus, 512. » gariepinus, 228. » imystus, 293. » schall, 404. Slatinia, 510. » mongallensis, 510. smithii (Clarias), 232. | » (Synodontis), 404. | smiti (Synodontis), 461. soloni (Synodontis), 445. somalensis (Ailia), 301. 55 (Physailia), 301. | sorex (Synodontis), 465. | steindachneri (Barilits), 197. stigmatopygus (Barbus), 185. submarginatus (Clarias), 245. surkis (Barbus), 65. A clarias, 404, 469. courteti, 441. be decorus, 468. | a depauwi, 438. | ‘3 eupterus, 427. eurystomus, 479. filamentosus, 460. PA cuttatus, 436, 447. by haugi, 436, humeratus, 430. labeo, 449, 450. 5 longirostris, 448. af macrodon, 469. macrostigma, 432. Synodontis, 391. a acanthomias, 400. ue afro-fischeri, 425, 452. of alberti, 454. in angelicus, 440. 56 arabi, 404. a batensoda, 472. Ns batesu, 455. 99 budgetti, 403, Pe caudalis, 397. i caudovittatus, 412. . citernii, 410. “7 frontosus, 410. A fuelleborni, 427. | “ gambiensis, 497, 415. ~ geledensis, 458. 5 granulosus, 413. 7“ ereshofli, 452. Fe guentheri, 474. =I cq ko 528 Synodontis maculatus, 462. =) maculosus, 404. marmoratus, 425. melanogaster, 473. melanopterus, 431. melanostictus, 418. membranaceus, 472, 474+. multimaculatus, 419. multipunctatus, 420. nebulosus, 423. nigrita, 429. nigromaculatus, 416. notatus, 462. nummnifer, 463. nyasse, 415. INDEX. tenuicauda (Paraphractura), 506. tenuis (Belonoglanis), 509. tetraspilus (Barbus), 127. thebensis (Barilius), 193. » (Leuciseus), 193. » (Opsarius), 193. theodore (Clarias), 262. thikensis (Barbus), 120. tholloni (Synodontis), 439. tholonianus (Puntius), 166. torpedo (Raja), 512. Trachyglanis, 507. ia minutus, 507. Trembleur, 512. trevelyani (Barbus), 148. i” obesus, 433. “a ocellifer, 409. omias, 400, 401. I ornatipenuis, 444. trichomycteroides (Paramphilius), 363. trimaculatus (Barbus), 103, 105, 153. trispilomimus (Barbus), 183. trispilopleura (Barbus), 169, 172. pardalis, 442. pleurops, 466. polyodon, 398. punetulatus, 415, resupinatus, 471. robbianus, 433, 485, 459. trispilos (Puntius), 163. trispilus (Barbus), 165. tropidolepis (Barbus), 20. tsanensis (Clarias), 239. typica (Doumea), 496. typus (Gymnallabes), 270. rukwaensis, 415. | » (Phyllonemus), 349. schall, 404. | » (Rhinoglanis), 493. serratus, 433, 457, 458. smithii, 404. smiti, 461. ubangensis (Auchenoglanis), 375. soloni, 445. 5 (Bagrus), 313. sorex, 465d. ae (Barilius), 200. tholloni, 439. uniteniatus (Barbus), 158. %5 vaillanti, 450. uranoscopus (Amphilius), 354, 355, 357. + victoriz, 421. ye (Anoplopterus), 354. woosnami, 424. » (Pimelodus), 355, 357. ie xiphias, 451, 35 (Schilbe), 296. zambesensis, 415.. urostigma (Bagrus), 312. usambarv (Barbus), 149. ey zanzibaricus, 415. synodontis (Pimelodus), 469. syriacus (Clarias), 235. vaillanti (Synodontis), 450. vannutellii (Rhinoglanis), 493. victoriz (Barbus), 96. », (Synodontis), 421. vinciguerre (Clarias), 234. vineiguerrai (Barbus), 115. vittatus (Puntius), 158. viviparus (Barbus), 170. vulnerata (Gnathendalia), 148. vulneratus (Barbus), 148. Systomus, 1. teniurus (Barbus), 165. taitensis (Barbus), 117. tanensis (Barbus), 56, 58, 66. | tanganicw (Barilius), 207. | tanganicanus (Auchenoglanis), 369. | tchadiensis (Auchenoglanis), 369. | wagenaari (Chrysichthys), 331. waldoi (Barbus), 86. » (Capoéta), 86. walkeri (Barbus), 164. » (Chrysichthys), 324. », (Clarias), 248. » (Notoglanidium), 377. weeksii (Barilius), 195. wellmani (Barbus), 137. welwitschii (Barbus), 115. werneri (Barbus), 168. » (Clarias), 254. weynsii (Barilius), 198. woosnami (Synodontis), 424. wurtzi (Barbus), 99. VOL. I. INDEX. xenodon (Clarias), 235. xenognathus (Leptoglanis), 351. xiphias (Synodontis), 451. zambesensis (Barbus), 91. 6 (Barilius), 198. is (Leuciseus), 198. (Synodontis), 415. zambezense (Opsaridion), 198. zambezensis (Labeobarbus), 91. zanzibarensis (Rasbora), 187. zanzibaricus (Barbus), 136. + (Synodontis), 415. zaphiri (Barbus), 74. zuaicus (Barbus), 64, 2 M PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREFT. 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