AOA ALA AAPA AAA A AEE ELE ELLER PDE \.) ») er ae SA \ as Oe SR ‘ . S \ EY REG : SS ‘ A \\ QO AKG , Lo : SO RARE why N WN QS \\ \ < KK RAG KKK od oo \\ \ SAAN \ \ \\ ‘ XN AWA A \\ RAS \ As \\ AY \\ \\ \\ AY RIAA RCC AA \ \ \ ANN AAS RAY \\ \ \\\ NY \\ \ AX\ \ \\ \\ BAe read bre LLLTL LE PELLET A ate Ct 0 Dep DOD AAT Ie Sse Lig Le PZ Pe. \ Wy \ \ QA ANY RN ANY \ AN ANY LALA AY \ \\ \ \\ AY NY NS LDAP A A ALA OA AA BLA LE Co rae AAA AA Lt nO DE LPL CL GALE ALLA < a \ MARR MRA WA MAWSS British Museum (Ratural History). This 1g No. A” of 25 copies of the “Catalogue of Fresh=water Africa,’ Vol. Ill. printed on PRESENTED Che Trustees THE BRITISH MUSEUM. | ae = et Ge Wie rat GCATAROGUE OF THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF AFRICA ~— IN THE SR San VEG Se UM (NATURAL HISTORY). VOLUME Ili. BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER, F.R.S. LON DOWN: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, & Oo., 59 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.0.; B. QUARITOH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W.; DULAU & Co., Lrp., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W.; THE MIDLAND EDUCATIONAL Oo., Lrp., 41 & 48 CORPORATION STREET, BIRMINGHAM ; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), OROMWELL ROAD, 8.W. ily. [All rights reserved.| AUBRE @ FLAMMAM, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. \ QOL es Pim PAC &. Ix marked contrast with its predecessor, Volume III. of the present Catalogue includes a considerable number of Families, belonging to the Suborders Symbranchii, Apodes, Haplomi, Scombresoces, Lophobranchii, and Acanthopterygii. Most of these groups are but slightly repre- sented in the African Fresh-water Fauna. ‘The Scombresoces, however, include the Family Cyprinodontide, and therefore comprise a con- siderable number of African species. The account of the Acantho- pterygii begins with a few Families which do not require much space for their treatment, and then proceeds to the description of the Cichlid, the importance of which in the area considered is indicated by the fact that this Family occupies nearly three quarters of the Volume. The rapid growth of our knowledge of the subject has been mainly responsible for the increase in length of this Catalogue beyond the limits originally intended. As explained by the author in his Intro- duction, several Families of Fishes are held over for a fourth Volume, which will also contain addenda, and a general Index, and is expected to complete the work. The services rendered by donors and others have been as important in making the preparation of the present Volume possible as in con- nexion with its predecessors, and equally deserve cordial recognition. SIDNEY F. HARMIER, Keeper of Zoology. Brien Musuum (Narurat, History), Lon bon. Mareh, W915. INTRODUCTION. As originally planned, this Catalogue was to have been completed in three volumes; but the additions whilst its preparation was in progress have been so numerous that the last families of Acanthopterygii together with the small Suborders Opisthomi and Plectognathi, must stand over for a fourth volume, which will also include addenda to the other parts and an amalgamated alphabetical index to the whole work. This volume contains descriptions of 394 species and the enumeration of 4428 specimens. Of these 394 species, only 45 are unrepresented in the Collection. The bulk of the volume is taken up by the Perciform Fishes of the family Cichlide, our knowledge of which has been so enormously increased within the past quarter of a century. Of the 285 African species regarded as well established, 221 have been described since 1890, viz., 93 between 1891 and 1900, 81 between 1901 and 1910, and 47 between 1911 and 1914. G. A. BOULENGER. ZooLoGican Depa nr unt, Brivish Museum, 27th February, 1915. "ah foveraali ‘ead mee i nadia anvisifihg out fud Seaafer sordt MiB ascii atv ii 1 ou Ob che peboan ey oneelt OP la Savsel EM AeT NCE Subord. II]. SyMBRANCHII. Fam. 1. SyMBRANCHID#. Page g Shrmaloumnelniuch JAE Go goes codace | We THE, JEG his. win piovsie ton O61 2 Subord. LY. Apopus. Fam. 1. ANGUILIID#. o ie, SVEN oaood benllioee 3 le \yolleenats, TOA gid desea +e 4 2. mossambica, Peters ...... 6 3. bengalensis, Gray ........ 7 4b. crnaRllis, VAAN gabon ald oes 9 . Sphagebranchus, Bl. .......... 10 1. cephalopeltis, Blkr. ...... 10 Subord. V. HaPLomt. Fam. 1. Gavaxiip#, 1 Grier, Coon Shen Counce oo re eel 1. zebratus, Castelnis 7... 1. 12 2. punctifer, Casteln...2..... 13 Subord. VI. ScomBRESOUCES, Fam. 1. SCOMBRESOCID#, . Hemirhamphus, Cuv........... 14 TU PsN ORS eal atero Olea Aig aang 15 . Zenarchopterus, Gilt ........ 16 il, alisysinm, (Gb Gp Wo goose one 50 16 Fam, 2. CYPRINODONTID#. . Cyprinodon, Lacep. .......-.. 18 iL, SAGO. WAGE Va nee oo m0 18 _ N DEX. . Cyprinodon (con.). Zeid is pail p. ite Ae 3. bo . Tel 1. apoda, Gerv. 3. Fuudulus, Lacep. — 165. 16. 17. 18. 4+. Ha oo bo ND oe 2 LDELUSss| Oana Vale INEM Corer Ser aS cy cis BOR he ee . biyittatus, Zénnb. ........ . loennbergii, Blgr. ........ = gardneri, Blgr. ne 0 spurrelli,, Blga) 22 2). pbatesi Bleue sasteevc cas gulanis WB lignans see ee armoldis Blouin oneos . 2 . palinquistii, Zénnd. walker, Blgnitene. oon). 0 orthonotus, Peters ........ . melanospilus, Pfeff. menmanni,velelg en 0% oe . guentheri, Pfefiy......... teniopygus, Hily. ........ sjoestedti, Lénnb. ........ microlepis, Vincig......... nisorius, Cope............ Capensis,y Gannon ah plochilus, McClell. antinori, Vineig. ........ myapose, Blgr. ...:.....- . pumilus, Blgr. christyi, Blgr. . ferranti, Blyr. cameronensis, Bly, ...... . liberiensis, Blgr. ‘ HlOntsy Jeti iradtes dit oleae pele Vill SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 4, Haplochilus (con.). 9; 10. it 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. fo 18. 19. 20. calliurus, Blgr. 5. Procatopus, Blgr. 1. 6. Lamprichthys, Regan 1, . striatus, Blgr. 2. spilauchen, A. Dum. ...... . macrurus, Blyr. . katangee, Blgr. . cabinde, Blgr. . johnstonii, Gthr. . marni, Stdr. . longiventralis, Blgr. 7. nigricans, Bly. . multifasciatus, Bly. . grahami, Blgr. . bifasciatus, Stdz. 41. 42. homalonotus, A. Dum. .... nuchimaculatus, Guichen. .. planvinioiiy Cli 50500000 oF fasciolatus, Gthr. ansorgu, Blyr. sexfasciatus, Gill chaperiy Sdn (eb decorsii, Pellegr. ........ Greene, Jairo 500000004. eleganss Blgiareleta= oe tere PCCEUSTI PS CUUL ya ores e . hutereaui, Blgr........... . loati, Blyr. 5. kingii, Blgr. suschoelleniues lomaracl sein: 7. moeruensis, Blyr. ...... 3. senegalensis, Sidr. ........ 4, acuticaudatus, Pellegr. . macrostigma, Blgr......... chevalieri, Pellegr. .......- anne, JR ooo a dose oe se nototenia, Blgr........... tanganicanus, Aly. 60 1 St ST “I om Or oO ST Subord. VIL LorpHoBRANCHILI. Fam. 1. SYNGNATHID®. 1. Belonichthys, Peters 1. zambesensis, Peters 2. Doryichthys, Kaup 1, smithu, 4. Dum. ] Pags Bem Goelon pits, eickersa eee eer ere 84 I, PRONG JOT aa toan ton “ste Zealias piseB UO ee eee re 85 Ze IShAAMOUINs AVAB! Gnion oon as 5 86 ily Lesh, JEG, Shon n5 5555+ 86 PP yatsoeegty epheprs B Aa 550 5h 87 3. pulchellus, Blgr. ........ 88 4. algeriensis, Playf......... 88 Subord. VII]. ACANTHOPTERYGII. Fam. 1. CuntTrarcuip 2. A Wet aasaGael Nese cee cee nee 92 1. rupestris, Lacep....-...... 93 Yo Nive ON PIE Sa 5545 4 95 3. malo; CLG; Vas. ..e eee 09B 4. caudovittata, Lacep. ...... g Fam, 2. Nanprpz. I. Bolycentropsis;Bigr, «2 = eerie 99 1. abbreviata, Blgr. ........ 100 Fam. 3. SeRRANID#. LiseMorone: icich a perme ene ae Le abraxlin certes ieee nee 102 2 punctate, p bla eee 103 2) Takes: (Ci Giwer aoe eee eee 105 Imi IB, s58dSce4s 25- 105 2. microlepis, Blgr. ......-- 108 3. angustifrons, Blgr......... 109 3. lonciolatesspSigz= mee eae 110 1. stappersil, Blyr........... 110 Py soe, Jim 65 ha554555050 lili 4” Ambassis; G2 (¢aVenaoee eee 111 1. commersonii, C.g VF. .... 112 Oo» heraponyiGeuae eee its Is PRE, JAR Roo ca osascas 113 Fam, 4. Scr#sip 4, No Cire, Chpeo's soososuatsscss 115 WS ise, Cb UPS psn stoanss 116 2. (Otolithus, Cease see ee eee = 117 1. senegalensis, C. d-V....... 118 2. macrognathus, Blkr. ...... 119 Fam. 5. Scorprpips, SENG GL Gy Su iSyueoa os ax 119 1 faleifovinie) LEUCEIN en Re LOO . Pristipoma, Cuv. . Otoperca, Blgr. . Tilapia, A. Snrith SYSTEMATIC INDEX. ix . Psettus (con.). 2. argenteus, ZL. ............ 3. seb, OC. dg Vins eevee. Fam. 6. PRristTIPOMATID&, 1. jubelini, C. g& V. 7 IDI, (OM, sh6c5-5 06 on 1. griseum, C. & V. 2. macrolepis, Blgr. Te" Ennai, (06 Ge UL ca asoe sede Fam. 7. SPARIDZ#. o SRR VES Seooecdcencckounot 1. vagus, Peters Fam. 8. CrcHLIp®. Ile Jaianiert, (GHiRSs scon do acoso b Qeimaineny iio dc noc oc nate bo b MGR, (CHR, “sugn cootsone . kafuensis, Blyr.........-- . mossambica, /eters........ vorax, Pfeff. . natalensis, M@. Web. ...... “TD oF oO P linnellissWonnbaeeiin ad: - 2 <> oO . macrochir, Blgr. NO, ToMlonitea, es oo 5003590006 11. eduardiana, Blyr. ........ 12. variabilis, Blgr. .......... U3: jealileon, Agta cleyerete «4 14. andersonii, Casteln. 15. heudeloti, A. Dum. 16. multifasciata, Gét/ur, 17. macrocephala, Bik. wee 18. ngomensis, Pellegr. 19. haugi, Pellegr. 20. auromarginata, Blyr....... 21. lepidura, Blgr. 22. boulengeri, Pellegr. 23. squamipinnis, Gili. ...... 24. dolloi, Blgr. Dom MALI, BUG) ie., -sy-leeeit-y t= 26. manyare, Hily........-.. 27. amphimelas, //ily. .......- 28. alcalica, Hilg............. o MINE: Ce Page 121 123 pS Se ey anaa a & w Oe WW re © OO _ 1 OV “ 159 18 188 188 1, Tilapia (con.). Page 29. dubia ann. wees sees oe 189 39. melanopleura, A. Dum..... 190 alenmeckiaellejramuaeiee et 75 3 194 SD CADE LGrae rete tseveraicieip crete 194 33. brevimanus, Blyr. ......-- 196 Sa ezilliteiGervier. Seutetetetls one 197 San kobts ann baeraekre. te 200 36. guineensis, Blkr. ........ 201 37. tholloni, Sauv. 202 38. christyi, Blgr. .......... 204 39. bilineata, Pellegr. ........ 204 40. crassa, Pellegr. ..0...-... 205 41. sparrmani, A. Smith ...... 205 AD ovalisy Stare sen Sete eet LUG 43. steindachneri, Blgr. ...... 209 44, percivali, Blgr. .......... 210 45. grahami, Blgr. .......... Y11 46. woosnamni, Blgr. . 212 FED. JO poo cdisa go eurece seaies AS hinmnilis ms tammerierenclomrane ast 213 49. buettikoferi, Hubr......... 214 50. fasciata, Perugia ........ 215 Ole buntoniGihieeeoe ae ont 217 52. acuticeps, Stdr. .......... 218 53. swynnertoni, Blyr. 219 . adolphi-frederici, Blgr..... 220 Soap Piardl, wellegre Ween aoe 56. fuellebornti, H2ly.§ Puppenh. 222 57. calliptera, Gthr. 6.202. 0.2) 222 58 lucullaBigreeeeeeees ok 224 59. williamsii, GtAr........... 225 60. stigmatogenys, Blyr....... 226 61. stormsii, Blgr. .......... 227 62H horiiGihr see eee 228 63.) pernients hellegrs eset se 229 GlShumilion, pBigie, Wee eke 230 65. pallida, Bigre.....0.0.... 231 66. pappenbeimi, Bigr. ...... 232 67. lacrimosa, Blgr. 2 :.....:. 234 68enubilas-Blgriee. eee 280 69. pectoralis, Pfeff. ........ 237 70. macrops, Blgr, .......... 238 MeemartiniwBigr ese na asa. 25 (2 bay onieBign tenet ae 240 73. nigricans, Blgr........... 241 74. simotes, Blyr, .......... 242 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. x J. Tilapia (con.). Page 75. livingstonil, Blyr. .. 1... 243 DOs A, JGR non nnoonode 244 Do WRN JEG, copa 53508 a6 246 73. polycanthus, Blyr......... 247 79. pleurotenia, Blyr......... 247 80. johnstonii, G'thr. se ZAO 81. tetrastigma, Gidr......... 250 So kitty Gti ee een een Zo L 83. Jateristriga, Gilr, ........ 258 84. lethrinus, Gthr..: 2.2.0... 254 85. rostrata, Blgr. 255 86. dardennii, Blgr....... 256 87. oligacanthus, Bllr... ..... 258 88. betsileana, Blgr. ........ 259 89. microphthalma, Blyr. .... 261 UO, WRT YEW 55 oa ance sb0s 262 91. inornata, Blgr, .......... 263 92. trematocephala, Blgr. .... 264 QS Bboopss Bigie wee eee: 265 94. grandoculis, Blgr......... 266 2. Petrochromis, Blgr. ... ...... 267 1, tanganice, Gihr. ........ 268 2. andersonii, Blgr. ........ 269 3. polyodon, Blyr. .......... 270 ASMYyass es eBlgnnevarelolee et esis 272 5. fasciolatus, Blgr. ........ 273 3. Cunningtonia, Blgr. .......... 273 1. longiventralis, Blyr. ...... 278 4. Simochromis, Blyr. .......... 274 1. diagramma, Gthr. ........ 275 Seurophesh BlomNes jean mele eels 276 BSED 100) U5 Rl 2) (7 276 2. annectens, Blgr. ........ 278 6. Asprotilapia, Blgr..... 2.2.22... 278 ivlepturas Blgiee arin. < 279 7. Lobochilotes, Blgr, .......... 280 1. labiatus, Bly 2.0.0.0... 280 8. Docimodus, Blgr. ...5........ 281 I. johnstonii, Blgr. ........ 282 9. Steatocranus, Blgr .......... 283 1. gibbiceps, Blgr. .......... 283 10, Haplochromis, Pfeff........... 284 1. livingstonii, Gilr. ........ 286 2. venustus, Blgr. .......... 287 3. scbubotzi, Blgr........... 288 4, nuchisquamulatus, fly. 290 10. Haplochromis (con.). Page 5. jeauneli, Pellegr. ........ 291 6. angustifrons, Bly; 292 fy Hammar, IG S525005008 BE 8. roberti, Pellegr. .......... 295 Oy stanleys,-Blgise = seller 295 10. pereoides, Blyr. .......... 296 11, granem) lyre eee ee 208 12. strigigena, Pfeff......:.... 259 13. moffati, Casteln..........- 300 14. desfontainesii, Lacep. . 302 15. alluaudi, Pelley. . BOD 16. moeruensis, Blgr. ........ 307 plo Bama trlnpya el ciperees erie ler 308 1. polleni, Bier. ........4... 315 2. cerasogaster, Blyi......... 316 3. macrocephala, Blyr. ...... 317 AS (SEU JHU: aid coils 50> o- 313 5. longimanus, Blyr. ........ 319 6. angusticeps, Blyr. ........ 320 7. parvidens, Blgr........... 322 Siiphetteriyblgnsr seeee ee 323 9. demeusil, Blyr. .......... 324 LO'vakras) Gin’. .aeeee eo ee OLe LS modestasGiinwaa- ee se 326 2S toddiNBlyrie. ase eee nae 327 13. thumbergii, Casteln. ...... 328 Ise vittata; Blige seas ae 330 15. compressiceps, Blyr. ...... 331 16. longirostris, Hilg. ........ 332 17. prognatha, Pellegr......... 333 lS serranus, ly) epien tele 334 19. guiarti, Pellegr. .......... 336 20) bay oni; Bln eee a 337 21°echiloteswblgrnn eee ee 338 22. pectoralis, Blgr......-3..- 339 23. maculipinna, Pellegr....... 341 24. victoriana, Pellegr......... 341 25. SCTantise ss Lyrae eee ere 342 26s cinerea Bligree eee 344 27. erassilabris, Blgr. 22+... - 345 28.) bicoloryeslgn eee ene 346 29. retrodens, Hz... . 2.25. o- 347 30. polyodon, Blyr. .........- 349 SI dorsalisy Pellegr Sune. oe 390 32. luebberti, AHzlg........... 350 Sih (COMO ET As 5 oa sows ie 301 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 11. Paratilapia (con.), Page 34. codringtoni, Blgr......... 352 3d. carlotte, Blgr. .......... 353 36. gibbiceps, Blyr........... 354 37. frederici, CastelIn. ........ 355 388. smithii, Casteln. ........ 357 39. mellandi, Blgr. .......... 358 40. nototenia, Blgr. 359 41. dimidiata, Gthr. ........ 360 42. rhoadesii, Blgr........... 361 43. chrysonota, Blgr. . 362 44, intermedia, Gthr. ........ 363 45. schwebischi, Saw. ...... 365 AGM iventraliss (Blige ane aie: 365 47. dewindti, Blyr. .......... 367 48° furcifera, Blgr. 2992. .). 368 49. stenosoma, Blyr. ........ 369 50, microlepis, Blyr. ........ 370 51. leptosoma, Blgr. ........ 372 52. nigripinnis, Blyr. ........ 373 Doeucalliura,p Blois cena 374 12. Nannochromis, Pellegr......... 375 1. nudiceps, Blgr. .......... 375 2. dimidiatus, Pellegr. .. 0... 376 3. squamiceps, Blyr. ........ 376 13. Pelmatochromis, Stdr. ........ 377 iespelylepisy Blom tease 382 ys, LOM tts SLRS | sehg Goin aoa 0 583 3s lateralis, Bljr eo.) soe: 385 ASCOuPICUS, BIgin Vinee ese - 386 5, guentheri, Sav. 388 6. regani, Pellegr. .......:.. 390 7. buettikoferi, Sidr. ........ 390 8. ocellifer, Blgr. .......... 391 9. nigrofasciatus, Peller. .... 893 10. caudifasciatus, Blyr. .. 2... 394 11. longirostris, Blyr. ........ 395 12. boulengeri, Zonnb. ...... 396 13. welwitschii, Blyr......... 397 "I+. kingsleyee, Blgr 2.1.2... 398 15. subocellatus, Gir. ...... 399 16. kribensis, Blgr........... 400 17. teniatus, Blgr .. 5.5.2... 401 18. pulcher, Blyr. 402 HO wannol dine Slory... te veya. 404 20, annectens, Bly. ........ 405 | | | | 13. Pelmatochromis (con.). Page DIE An SOLOUG eA G aaNet. pescekcle le - 406 22. multidens, Pellegr......... 407 23. angolensis, Std. ..... 408 24, multiocellatus, Blyr....... 409 25. darlings, Blgms 3. 2..+...- 410 26. riponianus, Blgr. ........ 411 27. microdon, Bigi...... 412 28° obesuss-Blgnatelieias-t4-7- f= - 414 29 Fsaurituss Blom eed seyee eet: 415 SOM Spek; BlGiewee one 416 31. flavipinnis, Blyr. ........ 418 GER HA MOKNN:. Jie Pont ecaude 419 33. frontosus, Blom gcse). - 120 34, macrops; Blgr. 2.66... 421 35. stappersii, Blgr........... 423 36. pleurospilus, Blgr......... 428 37. rhodostigma, Blgr. ...... 424 14. Platyteniodus, Blgr..........- 426 Teadegenis Blgieiaeeyeins) -ier- 426 15. Hemichromis, Peters .........- 427 1, fasciatus, Peters .%)0... 0s 428 2. bimaculatus; Gill ......:- 430 16. Champsochromis, Blyr. ...... 433 Ley ceormlenss (Bliss +) atone +10 433 2. longiceps; Githi. «1... .).. 1% 434 Bh Cer Jiphooooegdenu aac 7 435 17. Bathybates, Bigr.......... 436 Ie voraveriy Steir Aaja see 437 OR IRON EliiS sacccodsea.de 438 Bh MORN Mu Sogcuucsdede 440 4. vittatus, Blgr. 440 6. fasciatus, Blor\ «tivo oe 441 (Go WMO, JAG os ones 27 0000 442 18. Haplotaxodon, Blgr........ 443 1. microlepis, Blgr. ........ 444 19), Onanworcna, JH ooobdasosocr 445 I], WOON ZY coon cokn econ 445 2 MBE chodusseOlg7:sty ver itne terials 446 1. descampsil, Blgr. ........ 446 21, Enantiopus, Bigr. ........-.-- 447 1. melanogenys, Blyr. ...... 448 2. ochrogenys, Blgr. ........ 449 ZA Stappersiay igual istics «yee = 450 Ising wlaris; eb loner ull. 450 23: XKenotilapia, Blgr ........--5- 451 tS ~I SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Xenotilapia (con.). Page | 27. Lamprologus (con.). SL SW, JHE AG aoosg6n 50007 452 25. reticulatus, Blgr. ........ 2. ornatipinnis, Blgr. .....- 453 Ady snibgovien, Iii, 5555555057 . Grammatotria, Blgr...........- 453 28. Julidochromis, Blgr........... 1. lemairii, Blgr. .......... 454 IG mannii, sei 355-52 555- . Treinatocara, Blyr. .......... 455 29. Telmatochromis, Blgr. ........ 1. marginatum, Blgr. .....- 455 1. temporalis, Blgr. ........ 2. nigrifrons, Blgr. .......- 456 2. VAbtAbUS BIGT © 6326 n> es 3. unimaculatum, Blyr....... 457 Bi, Jee, Jie 545555455 55000- 3. Gephyrochromis, Blar......... 458 1, xenodonta, Blgr. ....-... LE MOOLli, BGT eres ae 458 | 31. Hemitilapia, Blgr. .......... Lamprologus, Schilth. ........ 459 | 1. oxyrhynehus, Blgr. ...... 1. brevianalis, Blgr. ........ 462 | 2°, bayonieblor Peete se. ar : 2. tetracanthus, Blgr. ...... 463 3. materfamilias, Pellegr. .... 3. marginatus Blgr. ........ 463 | 32. Chilochromis, Blgr. .......... 4. congolensis, Schilth. ...... 464 | iedupontieBigrs sere eae 5. tumbanus, Blgr........... 465 | 33. Corematodus, Blgr. .......... 6. mocquardii, Pellegr. ...... 466 | I eeshiranuss3) gis eee sree 7. tretocephalus, Blgr....... 466 34. Eretmodus, Blyr. ............ SMwheequity Blan y. oncitrals oe - ABT | 1. cyanosiictus, Blyr. ...... 9, multifasciatus, Blyr....... 468 | 35. Spathodus, Blgr. ............ 10. modestus, Blgr. .......... 469 1. erythrodon, Bly. .......- 11. mondabu, Blgr. .......... 470 36. Perissodus, Blgr. ...........- 12. steindachneri, Blgr. ...... 471 | 1. microlepis, Blgr. 13. boulengeri, Sidr. ........ 471 37. Chilotilapia, Blgr............. 14, elongatus, Blyr........... 472 i, thoadeswspBlgz: 2 ear 15, pleurostigma, Blgr. ....-.. 473 355 Schubotziay Slgree neem e or a. 16. cunningtoni, Bigr......... 474 1. eduardiana, Blgr. ........ Wjsmlemairlin Blgraraieleleletlcn- 475 39. Xenochromis, Blyr. .......... 18. callipterus, Blgr. ........ 476 ihe cquise3 gaan ieee eae 19. fasciatus, Blgr........... 477 HOS Jelecolts, JUS 535357555550 55 20. brevis, Blgr. ............ 478 Je aparadosus; bigra esse 5 he WOO, JAGR, sonosc000n nc 478 Al. Paretroplus, Blin. ........-.-- 22. compressiceps, Blyr. .... 479 le GERI, JETP, so 2552050006 23. teniurus, Blyr .......... 430 PS WOMEN Ja Ge 5 aan 5 24. calliurus, Blgm 2.1.2.2... 481 CATALOGU E OF Mew Pn Eo beW ATER FISHES: eeer Suborder III. SYMBRANCHII. Eel-shaped Fishes without paired fins, with the pectoral arch free or suspended from the skull, and with the anterior vertebre distinct, with- out Weberian ossicles. Praemaxillary and maxillary well developed. Gill-openings confluent into a single ventral slit. Air-bladder absent. Fam. 1. SYMBRANCHID. Maxillary behind the premaxillary, forming but a small part of the oral border; parietal bones forming a long sagittal suture. Post- temporal well developed, forked, attached to the skull. Precaudal vertebree with very strong parapophyses, to which short slender ribs are attached. Skin naked. Vertical fins rudimentary. Fresh and brackish waters of the ‘Tropics. A single representative in Africa. 1. SYMBRANCHUS. Bloch, Ausl. Fische, ix. p. 86 (1795) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 16 (1870). Unibranchapertura, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 656 (1803). Ophisternon, McClell. Cale. Journ. N. H. v. 1845, p. 196. Tetrabranchus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. ii. 1851, p. 69. Four branchial arches with well-developed gills. Gill-membrane free from the isthmus. Teeth on the palate forming a band. Vertebre over 100. South-Eastern Asia, Tropical America, Australia, and Tasmania. One species in West Africa. VOL. II. les] bo SYMBRANCHIDZ. 1. SYMBRANCHUS AFER, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1909, p. 430. Snout rounded, about twice length of eye and a little exceeding interorbital width; distance between end of snout and gill-opening 1} times length of skull, 8 times length of snout, and contained 72 times in distance from snout to vent; length of tail about 53 times in total Fig. 1. Symbranchus afer. Type. length. Gill-opening rather wide. Tail ending in a rather obtuse point. 126 vertebre. Coloration uniform blackish, cr anterior part of body black and red. Total length 320 mm. Portuguese Guinea and Lower Niger *. 1-2. Types. Tidal river at Port Mansoa, Portuguese Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Guinea. 3. Skel. 5 * Almost simultaneously with the publication of this species, Captain Vipan received a specimen, stated to be from the mouths of the Niger, which at the time of writing was still living in his fresh-water aquarium at Stibbington Hall. ra we, ANGUILLA. 3 Suborder IV. APODES. Air-bladder, if present, communicating with the digestive tract by a duct. Preemaxillaries absent. Pectoral arch, if present, not connected with and remote from the skull; mesocoracoid arch absent. Fins with- out spines, the ventrals absent. Anterior vertebre distinct, without Weberian ossicles. Fam. 1. ANGUILLID. Maxillaries present, separated on the median line by the ethmo-vomer ; palato-pterygoid bone present, connected with the hyomandibular and quadrate ; gill-clefts separate, opening into the pharynx by wide slits. Presacral vertebre with very strong parapophyses, to which short slender ribs are attached. Vent far removed from the head. Scales minute or absent. Vertebre over 100. Seas of temperate and tropical zones, a few forms entering fresh waters. Two genera are represented in African fresh-waters :— Minute scales * imbedded in the skin; nostrils superior ; end of tail surrounded by the fin ; pectoralifinsipresent . . . . . 4 . «. J. Anguilla, Shaw, p. 3. No scales ; nostrils labial ; end of tail free ; no pectoralpins! 2 ye 2 8 8 2. Sphagebranchus, Kaup, p. 10: 1. ANGUILLA. Shaw, Gen. Zool. iv. p. 15 (1804) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 23 (1870) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 401 (1907). Body much elongate, serpentiform, with minute scales imbedded in the skin, arranged in small groups placed obliquely at right angles to one another. Pectoral fins well developed; dorsal and anal fins very long, united at the end of the tail, the former originating at a great distance from the occiput. Mouth large, with more or less developed lips; Jaws and palate with bands of smali pointed teeth ; nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular and at the tip of the snout, the posterior slit-like and close to the eye. Gull-openings small. crescentic, close to the base of the pectoral fins. * Absent in the very young. 4 ANGUILLIDZ, Breed in the deep sea, where they undergo very marked metamorphoses (larval forms known as Leptocephalus). In Africa, confined to the rivers flowing into the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal originating well in advance of yent. Mouth not extending beyond eye, or, rarely, extending beyond ; teeth on sides of jaws in 2 (young) to 4 series, not separated by a longitudinal groove or INEERSDACE a ies evils fy RE mee ee ten © ae ath Tee vulgaris, Turt., p. 4. Mouth extending beyond eye ; teeth on sides of jaws in 3 (young) to 6 series, not separated by a groove [p- 6. omanterspace ecw) el) bs oe, ae en | 2 Aaonossaminca, eters, Mouth extending to below posterior border of eye, or beyond ; teeth on sides of jaws in 2 series, separated by a longitudinal groove or interspace (young), or ina single or double series with an inner detached series of minute, sometimes very [p. 7. NGI sLine Gitee tigen eewuli= ele leslie i OeuAuNbengilensis marine II. Dorsal originating above or slightly in advance of vent ; teeth on sides of jaws in 4 (young) LOmOSeriesia) (Al. | aay eat Mena 6 4s CAnausinalissiwienesr nage 1D Ze a. b. c. d. Dentition of upper jaw and palate in adult specimens of : a. A, vulgaris; b. A. mossambica ; c. A. bengalensis; d. A. australis. The bands of teeth are narrower in young specimens. 1. ANGUILLA VULGARIS *. Murena anguilla, Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 426 (1766). Anguilla vulgaris, Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 87 (1807); Giinth. Petherick’s Trav. ii. p- 266 (1869), and Cat. Fish. viii. p. 29 (1870) ; Playf. & Letourn. Ann. & Mag. N.H. (4) viii. 1871, p. 393; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 402, fig. (1907). * For this and the other species of the genus, only the names applied to African specimens or having a direct bearing on their nomenclature are quoted, and the list of specimens is restricted to those of African origin. ANGUILLA. 9) Anguilla acutirostris, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Meér, iii. p. 198 (1826); Riipp. N. Nachtr. Fische Nil, p. 26 (1835). Anguilla latirostris, Risso. op. cit. p. 199 ; Giinth. 1. c. and Cat. p. 32. Taban, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pls. xviii. & excii. (1830). Anguilla canariensis, Val. in Webb & Berthel. Iles Canar., Poiss. p. 88, pl. xx. fir. 1 (1843) ; Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish. p. 41, pl. v. fig. 29 (1856). Anguilla nilotica, Heck., Russegger’s Reise Egypt. iii. p. 313 (1849) ; Kaup, op. cit. p- 40, fig. 28. Anguilla callensis, Guichen. Explor. Se. Alg., Poiss. p. 111, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1850) ; Kaup, op. cit. p. 41. Anguilla egyptiaca, Kaup, op. cit. p. 40. Vomerine patch of teeth tapering to a narrow band or point; maxillary and mandibular teeth tapering on the sides to a rather narrow band (2 to 4 series). Mouth extending to below centre or posterior border of eye, rarely slightly beyond; lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill-opening 24 to 34 times in distance from end of snout to vent. ‘Tail longer than body. Origin of dorsal much in advance Anguilla vulgaris. ; lovpt (BE. N 1 From Egypt (If. N.). 3. Showine variation in shape of head and proportion of eye. of vent, midway between pectoral and vent, or nearer latter. Pectoral 21 to 34 times in its distance from end of snout. Olive-brown to dark ereen above, yellow or silvery on the sides; lower parts white. Vertebre 111-118 (usually 113-117). Total length over | metre. Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean; entering rivers of North Africa (Nile up to second cataract), Madeira, and the Canary Islands. J. Ad. Mediterranean coastof Hygpt. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). De IX L. Borollos, Eeypt. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). ANGUILLID &. 3-6. Ad. & hgr. L. Menzaleh, Egypt. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 7. Skel. é ss 54 8-17, 18-32. Hgr. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, xt & yg. L. Menzaleh. 33-42. Ad. & her. Lower Nile. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). 43. Ad. » N. R. Harrington, Esq., and Dr. Hunt (#.). 44. Ad. I. of Warak, near Cairo. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 45-50. Ad., hen Near Cairo. - & yg. 01-54. Ad. & her. Xeni Souef. rs 55. Ad. Birket Karun, Fayum. Dr. W. A. Cunnington and Dr. C. L. Boulenger (P.). 56. Ad. Assuan. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 57. Her Korosko, Nubia. a5 58-60, Ad Algiers. Sir L. Playfair (P.). Anguilla celebesensis, Kaup, Cat. Ap. Fish. p. 42 (1856) ; Oum Erbiah, Morocco. Madeira. Mr. F. W. Riggenbach (C.). Rey. R. T. Lowe (P.). 2. ANGUILLA MOSSAMBICA. Tribranchus anguillaris, Peters, in J. Miill. Abh. Ak. Berl. 1844, p. 193 *. Mena (Anguilla) mossambica, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 684. M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. xv. i. 1912, p. 585, figs. Anguilla delalandti, Kaup, op. cit. p. 50, pl. viii. fig. 41; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p- 83 (1870) ; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 498, pl. 1. fig. 6 (1891). Anguilla capensis, Kaup, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb. iv. 2, 1859, p. 18, pl. i. fig. 2 : Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 73 (1861). Anguilla labiata, part., Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 124, fig. (1866). Anguilla ane aes Grimes Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 98, pl. xviii. tig. 1 (1868); Giinth. t. c. p. 28; M. Weber, t. c. p. 590. Anguilla anettensis, aan t. ce. p. 34. Anguilla virescens, part., Giinth. t. e. p. 35. Teeth forming moderately broad bands, in 3 to 6 series on each side. Mouth extending beyond posterior border of eye; lower jaw strongly projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill-opening 23 to 3} times in distance from end cf snout to vent. Tail longer than body. Omngin of dorsal much in advance of vent, midway between pectoral and yent, or nearer latier. Pectoral 24 to 34 times in its distance from * No deiinition of the species. =I ANGUILLA. end of snout. Olive or dark green above, yellowish or white beneath. Vertebree 104. Total length 800 millim. Indian and South Pacific Oceans; entering rivers of East and South Africa.—Type in Berlin Museum. Anguitta mossambica. Type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 3. 12° Hor: Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (C.). 3. Ad. Seychelles. Prof. E. P. Wright (P.). 4. Ad. Groct Olifants R., Transvaal. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 5. Her. Umfulosi, Zululand. Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; CG. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). 6. Her. Dorp Spruit, near Pietermaritzburg. Dr. H. Warren (P.). 7. Ad. Durban. 8. Skel. i 9-10. Her. Buffalo R., King Williamstown. Major H. Trevelyan (P.). 11-13. Yg. Near Grahamstown. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk (P.). 14. Ad. stuffed. Cape Colony. Sir A. Smith (P.). 3. ANGUILLA BENGALENSIS. Murena bengalensis, Gray, in Hardwicke, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. —. fig. 5 (1830). Anguilla mauritiana, Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 128 ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 25 (1870), and Fische Siidsee, p. 389 (1910); M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. xv. i. 1912, p. 582, fig. Anguilla elphinstonei, Sykes, Tr. Zool. Soc. ii. 1841, p. 337; W. Weber, t. c. p- 078. Murena (Anguilla) labiata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 684. Murena (Anguilla) macrophthalma, Peters, |. c. Anguilla johanne, Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 124, fig. (866). Anguilla labiata, part., Playf. & Giinth. 1. ¢. Anguilla labiata, Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 94, pl. xvii. (1868) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 26 (1870) ; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 27; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 71 (1896). 5 ANGUILLID &. Anguilla macrophthalma, Peters, op. cit. p. 99, pl. xix. ; Giinth. t. ¢. p. 28. Anguilla bengalensis, Giinth. t. c.p. 27,and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 91; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 224. ? Anguilla lildebrandti, Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 499, pl. xlix. 4. fig. 1 (1891). Vomerine patch of teeth tapering to a very narrow band; maxillary and mandibular teeth tapering on the sides to a single or double series on the outer side, separated by an interspace from an inner series of minute teeth, which may be very indistinct. Mouth extending to below posterior border of eye or beyond; lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill-opening 22 to 34 times in distance from end of snout to vent. ‘Tail longer than the body. Origin of dorsal nearly midway between pectoral and vent, or a little nearer the former or the Anguilla bengalensis. Zambesi (type of 4. labiata), after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). Whe latter. Pectoral 23 to 3 times in its distance from end of snout. Olive above, often marbled with blackish. Vertebrae 104-108. Total length 1200 millim. Indian and South Pacific Oceans, entering rivers of East and South Africa. 1. Ad. Mathoiya R. (Tana), 4000 ft. S. L. Hinde, Esq. (P.). 2. Ads Thikathika R. (Tana). Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). ae NEl Athi R , near Chanjavi. - : ANGUILLA. 9 4-5, Her. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 6. Her. ok Sir J. Kirk (C.). 7. Ad. Umgeni R., near Pietermaritzburg. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 8-9. Her. Durban. Mr. T. Ayres (C.). 10. Ad. Buffalo R., near King Williams- | Major H. Trevelyan (P.). town. 11. Ad.,skin, type Johanna, Comoro Is. Sir L. Playfair (P.). of A. johanne. 12. Skel. —? 4, ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS. Richards. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 22, and Tr. Zool. Soc. ii. 1843, p. 157; M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. xv. i. 1912, p. 593. Anguilla bicolor, McClell. Cale. Journ. N. H. 1845, p. 178, pl. vi. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. Fish. p. 35 (1870). Murena macrocephala, Rapp, Jahresh. Ver. Nat. Wiirttemb. iv. 1849, p. 142, pl. ii. Murena (Anguilla) virescens, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 684. Anguilla amblodon, Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 125, fig. (1866) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 37. Anguilla virescens, Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 101, pl. xxiii. fig. 2 (1868) ; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 71 (1896) ; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 892 (1910). Anguilla virescens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 35. Fig. 6. Anguilla australis. Licuare R. (type of A. virescens), after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 4. Teeth forming broad bands, in 4 to 10 series on the sides of the upper and lower jaws *. Mouth extending to below posterior border of eye * In this, as in other species, the bands of teeth are wider in the adult than in the young, the great width of these bands in the type of A. amblodon being due to its large size (1070 millim.). 10 ANGUILLID £. or beyond; lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill- opening 3 to 34 times in distance from end of snout to vent. Tail longer than body. Origin of dorsal above or slightly in advance of vent. Pectoral 25 to 4 times in distance from end of snout. Olive or dark green above, yellowish or white beneath. Vertebre 105-109. Total length over 1 metre. Indian and South Pacific Oceans; entering rivers of East Africa and Natal. 1. Her. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 2. Ad., stffd., type of | Seychelles. p A. amblodon. 3. Ad, - Prof. E. P. Wright (P.). 4. Ad, Praslin, Seychelles. Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner (P.). 5. Skel. ‘ Lf ws ie 6-8. Ad. Rodriguez. G. Gulliver, Esq. (P.). Sb Jelena, L. Usilonde, Zululand. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 2. SPHAGEBRANCHUS. Bloch, Schneid. Syst. Ichth. p. 535 (1801). Sphagebranchus, part., Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish. p. 24 (1856). Oplhichthys, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish, viii. p. 54 (1870). Body much elongate, serpentiform, scaleless. Pectoral fins absent ; dorsal and anal fins very feebly developed; the pointed extremity of the tail free. Mouth large, without lips; jaws and palate with small pointed teeth; nostrils tubular, both on the upper lip. Gill-openings on the ventral side, separated by a narrow isthmus. Atlantic and Indian Oceans. One species from the rivers of West Africa. 1. SPHAGEBRANCHUS CEPHALOPELTIS. Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, (2) xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 128. Ophichthys (Sphagebranchus) buettikoferi, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 88, pl. iv. fig. 2; Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (10) i. 1909, p. 50. Body extremely slender, cylindrical, its diameter 65 to 85 times in total length. Tail longer than body. Distance between end of snout and gill-openings 6 to 8 times in distance from end of snout to vent. Head very small, snout acutely pointed, projecting very strongly beyond lower jaw, the anterior teeth of the upper jaw remaining uncovered ; SPHAGEBRANCHUS. 11 eye very small, equally distinct from end of snout and from angle of mouth. Dorsal originating at a short distance behind the gill-openings. Brownish above, white beneath. Sphagebranchus cephalopeltis. Gambia. Total length 535 millim. Rivers of West Africa, from the Gambia to the Ogowe.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1. Ad. Gambia. Sir A. Moloney (P.), Bo edible Negomo, Ogowe. Rey. H. Haug (C.); Paris Museum (f.). 12 GALAXIIDA, Suborder V. HA PLOMI. Air-bladder, if present, communicating with the digestive tract by a duct. Pectoral arch suspended from the skull; mesocoracoid arch absent. Fins without spines, the ventrals abdominal if present. Anterior vertebre distinct, without Weberian ossicles. This group, of which the Pike is the type, is represented in Africa by a single family. Fam. 1. GALAXIID. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the premaxillaries and tie maxillaries, the latter behind the former and toothless. Parietals in contact with each other, and separating the frontals from the supraoccipital. Ribs inserted on strong autogenous parapophyses ; epipleurals and epineurals present. Head and body naked. Vertical fins far back. Pectoral fins inserted very low down; ventrals, if present, with 6 or 7 rays. Seas and fresh waters of the southern parts of South America, New Zealand and neighbouring islands, Australia and Tasmania, and the Cape of Good Hope. A single genus in Africa. 1. GALAXTAS. Cuy. Repne Anim. ii. p. 183 (1817); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xviii. p. 340 (1846); Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 208 (1866); Regan, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1905, li. p. 365. Ventral fins present. Dorsal fin with 10 to 19 rays, opposite or anterior to anal. ‘Teeth conical, in a single series in the jaws and on the inner edge of each entopterygoid, in two series on the tongue. Vertebree 55 to 64. Distribution same as for the family. 1. GALAXIAS ZEBRATUS. Cobitis cebratus, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 56 (1861). Galaxias capensis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 460, pl. iii. fig. 2; M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 154. Galazias zelratus, Bouleng. Aim. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 51; Regan, Proce. Zool. Soe. 1905, ii. p. 367. Depth of body 43 to 5} times in total length, length of head 3% to 44 times. Snout rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is about 4 times in length of head; interorbital width about 5 times in GALAXIAS. 13 length of head; jaws equal in front; mouth extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye; teeth small, subequal. Giull-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal III-IV 7-8, originating at nearly equal distance from occiput and from base of caudal. Anal III-IV 7-8, originating below middle of dorsal. Pectoral } to 3 length of head, or distance from its base to ventral. Latter 6-rayed, equally distant from end of snout and from base of caudal. Caudal rounded- subtruncate, continued anteriorly on caudal peduncle. Latter twice as Gaulavius zebratus. Cape Town. long as deep. Greyish or brownish, minutely speckled with darker and with numerous more or less regular dark (purplish) bars on the back and sides. Total length 55 millim. Cape of Good Hope, in fresh-water streams on the coast near Cape Town.—Types lost. Ws ANGE Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith (P.) *. 2-5. Ad. & her. Near Cape Town. Prof. M. Weber (P.). 2. GALAXIAS PUNCTIFER. Cobitis punctifer, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 56 (1861). Galarias punctifer, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 51; Regan, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1905, ii. p. 367, pl. x. fig. 3. Barely distinguishable from the preceding by the rather more slender habit, the caudal peduncle being 24 times as long as deep, and the shape of the caudal fin, which is truncate and slightly emarginate. The dark bars on the body are absent or confined to the back. Total length 52 millim. Occurs with the preceding near Cape Town.—Types lost. 1-2. Ad. Flats near Cape Town. S. African Museum (P.). 3-12. Yg. Durban Road near Cape Town. Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). * This specimen, received in 1852 as from the Cape of Good Hope, had been referred by Giither (Cat. Fish, vi. p. 210) to Galaxias fasciatus, Gray, from New Zealand and neighbouring islands, 14 SCOMBRESOCID 2. Suborder VI. SCOMBRESOCES,. Air-bladder without pneumatic duct. Pectoral arch suspended from the skull; mesocoracoid arch absent. Fins without spines, the ventrals, if present, abdominal, or at least not connected with the scapular arch. Anterior vertebre distinct, without Weberian ossicles. Two families :— Mouth not protractile ; lower pharyngeals completely united into a single bone ; branchiostegal rays 9 OPRTANIR) 5 6 6 6 6 9 0 0 9 5 9 16 5-6. Il SenMorznEIta jos Web Mouth protractile ; lower pharyngeals distinct, or, if united, with the median suture persistent ; branchiostegal rays 6 orless . . . . . . . 2. Cyprinodontida, p. 17. Fam. 1. SCOMBRESOCIDZ. Mouth not protractile, the maxillaries bordering the mouth at least to a slight extent. Supraoccipital in contact with the frontals. Lower pharyngeals completely united into a single bone, without a trace of median suture ; branchiostegal rays 9 to 15. Precaudal vertebrae with strong parapophyses, bearing the ribs and the epipleurals. Ventral fins with 6 rays. Of almost cosmopolitan distribution and mostly marine. Two genera have representatives in the fresh waters of Africa. 1. HEMIRHAMPHUS. Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 186 (1817); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xix. p. 1 (1846), part. ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 259 (1866), part.; Bleek. Atlas Ichth. vi. p. 52 (1866). Hyporhamphus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 131, and 1863, p. 272. Lower jaw prolonged into along slender beak *, upper short, vertically movable, forming a triangular plate; both jaws with a narrow band of minute teeth. Head flat above. Body elongate, feebly compressed ; covered with moderate or rather large smooth scales; lateral line close to the lower outline of body. Dorsal fin much longer than anal, behind the ventrals, which are inserted very far back. Pectoral inserted high up. Caudal fin forked. Vertebree 34-38-+15-18. Seas of the tropical and warm parts of the world, a few species entering fresh waters. * Except in very young specimens. HEMIRHAMPHUS. 115) 1. HEMIRHAMPHUS FAR. Fsox far, Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 67 (1775). Hemirhamphus commersoni, Cuv. Regne Anim. 2nd ed. i. p. 286 (1829) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xix. p. 28 (1846) ; Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv. 1852, p. 17 ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 271 (1866); Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 94 (1868). Hemirhamphus far, Riipp. N. Wirbelth. Abyss., Fische, p. 74 (1840); Bleek. Atlas Ichth. vi. p. 54, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1866) ; Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 582; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 516, pl. exx. fig. 3 (1878) ; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 357 (1909). Depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length *, length of head 43 to 5 times. Beak 14 to 12 times length of head; upper jaw much broader than long; teeth more or less distinctly tricuspid; eye better visible from below than from above, 5 to 3} times in length of head; inter- orbital width 22 to 3 times in length of head. Dorsal 13-14. Anal 11-12, below second half of dorsal. Pectoral length of head. Ventral Fig. 9. ae ew. 7 PANEER SIND PIR Hemirhamphus far. Indian Ocean, after Day (/. ¢.). 4. inserted twice as far from anterior or posterior border of eve as from caudal. Caudal deeply forked, lower lobe the longer, median rays about equal to diameter of eye. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 52-55 scales in longitudinal series. Back dark greenish, sides with a silvery band and usually with four or five rounded blackish spots or short vertical bars. Total length 400 millim. Red Sea and Indian Ocean, South Pacific, sometimes entering rivers. 1. Ad., skin. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 9. Ad. Mozambique. Prof. Peters (P.). 3. Ad. Mazoé, Rhodesia. J. ff. Darling, Esq. (P.). 4,5. Ad. Natal. 6. Skel. » * Tn describing the proportions of the head and body, the projecting part of the lower Jaw is excluded. 16 SCOMBRESOCID 4%. 2. ZENARCHOPTERUS. Hemirhamplhus, part., Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xix. p. 1 (1846) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 209 (1866). Zenarchopterus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 273; Bleek. Atlas Ichth. vi. p. 63 (1866). Distinguished from the preceding by the rounded caudal fin, and the modification of the anal fin in males in connexion with pairing habits, the species of this genus being viviparous. Vertebre 51+13. Coasts and fresh waters of the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. 1. ZENARCHOPTERUS DISPAR. Hemirhamphus dispar, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xix. p. 58, pl. eeccelviii. (1646) ; Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. vi. 1854, p. 498; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 274 (1866) ; Playf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p.868 ; Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p.582 ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 32 ; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 517, pl. exix. fig. 5 (1878). Zenarchopterus dispar, Bleek. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. 1866, p. 164, and Atlas Ichth. vi. p. 63, pl. vii. fig. 4 (1866); Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 358 (1909). ITemirhamphus commersonii, part., Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 94 (1868). Depth of body 6 to 63 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Beak 13 to 12 times length of head, with membranous crest below ; upper jaw as long as broad; teeth minute, in villiform bands; eye better visible from below than from above, 4 times in length of head. Fig. 10. Zenarchopterus dispar. Type, after Cuvier and Valenciennes. Dorsal 11-12, two of the median rays thickened and more or less pro- duced in the male. Anal 11-12, divided into two portions in the male, the second portion beginning with the sixth ray, which, like the seventh, is much thickened and produced, about # length of head. Pectoral 8 length of head. Ventral inserted twice as far from preeoperculum or posterior border of eye as from caudal. Caudal rounded, upper rays ZENARCHOPTERUS.—CYPRINODONTID ®. 17 shortest. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. 40-43 scales in longi- tudinal series. Olive above; a silvery lateral band; male usually with black dots between the rays of the dorsal and with the anterior part of the anal blackish. Total length 170 millim. Kast Coast of Tropical Africa to Polynesia.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-4, Ad. Seychelles, in fresh water. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 5. Skel. ” Fam. 2. CYPRINODONTID&. Mouth protractile, the maxillaries excluded from the oral border. Parietals separated from each other, the supraoccipital in contact with the frontals. Praecaudal vertebra with strong parapophyses, bearing the ribs ; epipleurals inserted on the ribs. Head and body covered with scales. Vertical fins differing in size and position according to the genera, and often very strikingly in the two sexes. Ventral fins, if present, with 5 to 7 rays. The African genera belong to the oviparous carnivorous type, in which the digestive tract is short and the anal fin of the male is not modified into an intromittent organ. Fresh and brackish waters of Southern Europe, Southern and Eastern Asia, Africa, and America. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Teeth tricuspid ; dorsal fin originating in advance of the anal, which has 9 to 14 rays. Wentral fmsjpresent . . . 5 . . .~ . ). . . I. Cyprinodon,\uacep.,p.18:. Wentimall ming aloseits 8b 8 ee et Ale Cine jon 2 Il. Teeth unicuspid. A. Scales eycloid ; 9 to 19 anal rays. Dorsal fin originating in advance of or nearly opposite to origin of anal; ventral fins distant from the wo bo Gs ECLOMDS MMe med it am sm! sMeeT Whoa lia) shy aioe LleCrELLes Mace pW pNre Dorsal fin originating well behind origin of anal ; ventral fins distant from the pectorals. . . . 4. IZuplochilus,McCl., p.40. Dorsal fin originating well behind origin of anal ; ventral fins below pectorals . . . . . . . 5. Procatopus, Blgr., p. 75. B. Scales ctenoid ; 27 to 30 analrays . . . 6. Lamprichthys, Regan, [p. 80. VOL. III. c 18 CYPRINODONTID &. | 1. CYPRINODON. Lacep. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 486 (1803); Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 301 (1866) ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 406 (1907). Lebias, Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 199 (1817). Aphanius, Nardo, Prodr. Adr. Ichthyol. pp. 17 & 23 (1827). Micromugil, Gulia, Tent. Ichthyol. Medit. p. 11 (1861). Mouth small; teeth of moderate size, tricuspid, in a single series. Head flat above. Scales rather large, not denticulated. Dorsal fin commencing in advance of the anal, both fins larger in the males than in the females. Ventral fins present, far behind the base of the pectorals. Vertebre 24-28. Fresh and brackish waters of the Mediterranean basin, South- Western Asia, the South-Eastern United States, Mexico, and Cuba. Three species in North Africa :— Dorsal 10-13, longest rays shorter then head; male [p. 18. without or with a single dark bar on the caudal fin. 1. C. fasciatus, Val., Dorsal 9-10, longest rays at least as long as head in male; male with two or three dark bars on the [p- 20. bo caudal fin SMT tet aNeO Ts arch) Ge make come C. dispar, Riipp., Dorsal 9-10, longest rays shorter than head ; male with [p. 21. three to five dark bars on the caudal fin . . . . 3. C. iberus, C. & V., 1. CYPRINODON FASCIATUS. Lebias fasciatus, Val. in Humb. & Bonpl. Obsery. Zool. ii. p. 160, pl. li. fig. 4 (1821) ; Wagener, Isis, 1828, p. 1055. Aphanius nanus, Nardo, Prodr. Adr. Ichthyol. pp. 17 & 23 (1827). Aphanius fasciatus, Nardo, Il. ce. Lebias lineo-punctata, Wagner, |. ¢. pl. xii. figs. 1-6. Lebias sarda, Wagner, |. ¢. fig. 7. Peeilia calaritana, Bonelli, in Cuy. Régne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 280 (1829). Lebias calaritana, Costa, Faun. Nap., Pesci, ii. p. 33, pl. xvii. fig. 2 (1839); Canestrini, Arch. p. la Zool. iv. 1866, p. 125, and Fauna d’Ital., Pesci, p. 19 (1874) ; Lepori, Atti Acc. Rom. (3) ix. 1881, p. 481; Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1895, p. 19. Lelias flava, Costa, op. cit. p. 35, pl. xvii. fig. 1. Cyprinodon calaritanus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xviii. p. 151 (1846) ; Bellotti, Mem. Ace. Torin. xvii. 1858, p. 159 ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 302 (1866) ; Gervais, Zool. Pal. Gén. p. 203, pl. xlv. fig. 5 (1869); Playf. & Letourn. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) viii. 1871, p. 389; Sauv. in Révoil, Faune Pays Comalis, Cyprinod. p. 6 (1882); Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, xx. 1884, p. 441; Rolland, Rev. Scientif. (4) ii. 1894, p. 418, figs.; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 407, pl. Ixxix. figs. 1 & 2 (1907). CYPRINODON. 19 Cyprinodon fasciatus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 156; Martens, Arch. f. Nat. xxiv. 1858, p- 153, pl. iv. fig. 4; Giinth. t. c. p. 303 ; Sauv. op. cit. p. 8. Cyprinodon hammonis, Cuv. & Val. t.c. p. 169 ; Martens, t.c. p. 155, pl. iv. fig. 5 ; Sauy. op. cit. p. 10, pl. iii. figs. 3 & 4. Cyprinodon dispar (non Riipp.), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 474. Cyprinodon cyanogaster, Guichen. Rev. & Mag. Zool. (2) xi. 1859, p. 378. Cyprinodon doliatus, Guichen. t. ¢. p. 379. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in the total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Snout very short, squarely truncate, with the mouth terminal and directed upwards, the lower jaw projecting very slightly ; 12 to 16 teeth in each jaw; diameter of eye 3 to 34 times in the length of the head, interorbital width about twice. Dorsal 10-12 (rarely 13), originating a little in advance of the anal and at nearly equal distance from eye and from root of caudal, longest rays about } length of head in females, 2? to 3 in males. Anal 10-12 (rarely 9 or 13), similar to Cyprinodon fusciatus. 3 @, Ghet-el-Nassara (IF. N.). dorsal. Pectoral about § length of head, much longer than ventral, which is nearly midway between end of snout and root of caudal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 1{ to 1% times as long as deep. 25-30 (usually 26-28) scales in longitudinal series, 22-26 (26-30 in Dalmatian specimens) round body in front of ventral fins; lateral line usually indicated by an interrupted series of pits. Dark greyish olive above, white beneath; fins white in females, yellow in males, the dorsal in the latter being bordered with black; a blackish bar some- times crosses the caudal fin in males; females with 10 to 15 narrow blackish bars on each side of the body, not extending to the back or belly, and a more or less distinct round black spot at the root of the caudal fin; males with broader dark bars, usually broader than the spaces between them, and extending down to the bases of the ventral and anal fins, these bars varying from grey to black. Total length 57 millim. Fresh and brackish waters of Italy, Sardinia, Istria, Dalmatia, Asia Miner, Cyprus, and North Africa—Types in Paris Museum. 2 Zi) CYPRINODONTID &. 1-4, 5-7. Ad. Algeria. Sir Lambert Playfair (P-.). 8. Ad. Oran, Algeria. Mr. A. Rachow (P.). 9-15. Types of C. Biskra, Algeria. Paris Museum (E.). doliatus. 16-22. Types of (. 5 - 5 cyanogaster. 23. Ad. he - Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). 24-29, Ad. & her. . * W.J. Harding King (P.). 30. Ad. Hammam Salahie, Algeria. R. Gurney, Esq. (P.). 31-33, 34. Ad. Crater lake, Algeria. 99 35-36. Ad. Hot springs of Sidi Ohkbar, | Canon Tristram (P.). Algerian Sahara. 37-43. Ad. Wed Rir, Algerian Sahara. M. Jus (C.); Paris Mu- seum (E.). 44-46, 47-48. Ad. Susa, Tunisia. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). 49-60, Ad. Lake Menzaleh, Egypt. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 61-89. Ad. & her. Ghet-el-Nassara,nr.L.Menzaleh. PS 90. Skel. $5 91-94. Ad. Gemel, nr. L. Menzaleh. x 95-103. Ad. Near Alexandria. Capt. S. Flower (P.). 104-108. Ad. & yg. Lower Egypt. Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). 109-128. Ad. LL. Temsah, Isthmus of Suez. Sir R. Owen (P.). 129. Ad. Sardinia. 130-163. Ad. &her. South of Zara, Dalmatia. D. Gavin, Esq. (P.). 164. Ad. Albistan, Asia Minor. C. G. Danford, Esq. (P.). 165-184. Ad. Cyprus. Mr. H. Rolle (C.). 2. CYPRINODON DISPAR. Lelias dispar, Riipp. Fische Roth. Meer. p. 66, pl. xviii. figs. 1 & 2 (1828). Cyprinodon lunatus, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. xviii. p. 161 (1846). Cyprinodon dispar, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 303 (1860). Cyprinodon dispar, Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 587; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 521, pl. exxi. figs. 1 & 2 (1877); Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 411, pl. Ixxix. figs. 3 & 4 (1907). Cyprinodon stoliczkanus, Day, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. 18 Lebias dispar, part., Garm. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 18 72, p. 258. 95, p- 34. Closely allied to, and difficult to distinguish from, C. fasciatus in the female sex; but it grows to a larger size, has only 9 or 10 rays in the dorsal and 10 or 11 in the anal, these fins being much more developed in full-grown males. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body. The dark cross-bars, more or less distinct (up to 22 in number) in females, are absent in the male, the body of which is CYPRINODON. Pall covered with more or less distinct round light (in life, blue) spots; caudal fin of male with 2 or 3 crescentic black bars. Total length 80 millim. Fresh and brackish waters round the Red Sea and Persian Gulf; Cutch, N.W. India.—Types in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-a.-M. eaaees Pioasle Cyprinodon dispar. 3 @, types, Abyssinia (I. N.). 1-12. Ad. & her. Khor Arbat, fresh-water stream leneth of head. Anal 15, originating shehtly behind origin of 6 to) ? o to} o / te} 32 CYPRINODONTID £. dorsal, rays beset with short spines in the male. Pectoral about % length of head, reaching base of ventrals in the maie. Candal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of shallow pits. Yellowish olive, uniform in the Ont WV , v y Wy) i ¢' We " Fundulus palmquistii. 3, type. female; in the male each scale with the posterior margin becoming a carmine-red band, these bands so connected as to form oblique trans- verse bands ; dorsal and anal fins with carmine-red spots, which colour also occupies the whole of the caudal in the male. Total length 40 millim. Usambara, German East Africa.—Types in Stockholm Museum. 1-2. Types. Tanga, Usambara. Dr. Y. Sjistedt (C.) ; Prof. E. Lénnberg (P.). 9. FUNDULUS WALKERLI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 262. Depth of body 32 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 to 53 times. THead flat above; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 33 times ‘S) 5) Fundulus walkeri, Type. in length of head, nearly twice in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 14, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, = to $ length of head. Anal Oo OS FUNDULUS. 15-16, originating slightly in advance of dorsal. Pectoral % length of head, reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 scales in longitudinal series, 22—24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Uniform brownish (badly preserved specimens). Total length 42 millim. Gold Coast. 1-3. Types. Bokitsa Mine (Wasa). R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 10. FUNDULUS ORTHONOTUS. Cyprinodon orthonotus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1844, p. 35. Hydrargyra maculata, Peters, Arch. f. Nat. 1855, 1. p. 269. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 326 (1866). Nothobranchius orthonotus, Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 61, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1868). Depth of body 3 to 33 times in total length, length of head 2% to 8 times. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 13 to 1? times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 15-16, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior Fundulus orthonotus. 3, type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). rays longest, as long as head in male, shorter in female. Anal 14-16, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral $ to $ length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, nearer base of caudal than end of snout. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 VOL. II. D 34 CYPRINODONTID &, scales in longitudinal series, 24 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Dark green above (in life), golden or yellowish white beneath ; a dark brown transverse spot on each side ; dorsal and anal fins greenish yellow and spotted with dark brown, edged with white in the male. ~ Total length 70 millim. Mozambique.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-2. Two of the types. Quellimane. Prof. W. Peters (P.). as, Nal x Sir J. Kirk (P.). 11. FUNDULUS MELANOSPILUS. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanz. p. 118, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1866). Pundulus teniopygus, part., Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1895, p. 114. Fundulus melanospilus, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 48 (1896). Depth of body 34 to 33 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; eye 4 times in length of head, 12 to Fundulus melanospilus. Q, type, after Playfair & Giinther, op. cit. 1 times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 14-15, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, longest rays about 2 length of head. Anal 17-~18, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral % length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond ; ventral small, nearly equally distant from end of snout and from base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brownish, posterior part of body with black dots. Male unknown. : Total length 55 millim. Seychelles. 1-5. Types. Seychelles. Sir L. Playfair (P.). FUNDULUS, (Se) Or 12. FUNDULUS NEUMANNI. Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 417. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad, as long as or a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 13 times in inter- orbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 15-16, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, 3 length of head in male, $ in female. Anal 16-17, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral about 2 length of head, nearly reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal Fundulus neumanni. 3 2, types. peduncle as long as deep, or slightly longer than deep. 50-52 scales in longitudinal series, 32-36 round body in front of ventrals; no indication of lateral line. Uniform brownish yellow; male with some carmine spots on the head and some reddish on the caudal. Total length 60 millim. German East Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Three of the types. North Ugogo. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 13. FUNDULUS GUENTHERI. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Playf. & Giinth, Fish. Zanz. p. 118, pl. xvil. fig. 2 (1866). Nothobranchius orthonotus (non Peters), Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. I'r. Berl. 1891, p. 19. Fundulus quentheri, Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 2, 1893, p. 39, and Thierw. 0.-Afr., Fische, p. 39 (1896). Fundulus teniopygus, part., Garm, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1895, p. 114. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 2} to 35 times in total D2 6 CYPRINODONTID &. od length. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 12 to 2 times in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17-18, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, ? to ¢ length of head in male, about % in female. Anal 18-19, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or slightly longer than deep. 27-30 scales in longitudinal series, 24—28 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a Fundulus guentheri. 3, type, after Playfair & Giinther, 7. c. more or less distinct series of pits. Brown, lighter beneath, males with a more or less distinct dark brown or carmine-red margin to the scales ; dorsal and anal of male dark, with fine light oblique streaks or with red spots; caudal of male usually carmine-red, or red edged with blackish, or red in the basal half and blackish in the distal. Total length 68 millim. Zanzibar Island and opposite coast of East Africa, from Mombasa to the Pangani River. 1-2, 3. Types. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 4-5, Ad. 43 Mr. G. Schréder (P.). 6-8. Ad. HH Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 9-13. Ad. Pangani R. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 14-25, 26-29. Ad. & her. Mombasa. D. J. Wilson, Hsq. (C.). 30. Skel. i é oo —~l FUNDULUS. 14. FUNDULUS THNIOPYGUS. Fundulus (Nothobranchius) orthonotus, var., Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 78. Nothobranchius teniopygus, Hilgend. op. cit. 1891, p. 20. Fundulus teniopygus, Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 48 (1896) ; Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 416 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 413, pl. Ixxix. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body 3? times in total length, length of head 5 to 35} times. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad ; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 34 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17, originating a little in advance of anal and at Fundulus teniopygus. ¢, type (F. N.). equal distance from eye and from root of caudal, longest rays 2 to ? length of head. Anal 17-18. Small spine-like tubercles on the dorsal and anal in the male. Pectoral about 2 length of head; ventral midway between end of snout and root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by an interrupted series of pits. Male brown, with dark edges to the scales ; dorsal fin dark purplish brown; anal and caudal purplish brown, with a whitish band across the middle. Female lighter and uniformly coloured. Total length 52 millim. Lake Victoria, Lake Tshaya in Unyamwesi, and Bubu River, south of Lake Manyara.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Ad. Bubu R. near Irango. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 38 CYPRINODONTID Z. 15. FUNDULUS SJOESTEDTI. Lénnberg, Ofy. Ak. Férh. Stockh. 1895, p. 191; Rachow, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1911, p- 101, fig.; Triber, t. c. p. 669, fig.; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p- 137, fig. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 33 to 53 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, nearly twice in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17-19, originating at equal distance from eye and from Fundulus sjoestedti. 3 2. Calabar. base of caudal; longest (posterior) rays # to § length of head. Anal 17-19, originating opposite or a little behind origin of dorsal. Pectoral 5 length of head, hardly reaching base of ventral, which is small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded in female, truncate, with or without some of the middle rays produced into filaments in male. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 33-36 scales in longitudinal series, 26-30 round bedy in front of ventrals. Brownish, male with bright carmine-red markings, with few oblique bands and streaks on the sides of the head, and spots and vertical bars on the body; a red band round the chin; upper half of caudal dark purplish or with longitudinal red bands, lower half whitish, partly streaked, partly spotted, or with an oblique red band with purplish outer edge; a bright carmine-red band along the dorsal, which, like the anal, may also be spotted with red. Total length 70 millim. Coast of Guinea to Cameroon,—Types in Stockholm Museum. FUNDULUS. 39 1-5. Ad. Nyong R. at Akonolinga, G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). S. Cameroon. 6-9. Ad. Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 10-11. Ad. Sherboro. +p 12-13. Her. Axim, Gold Coast. Mr. A. Rachow (P.). 16. FUNDULUS MICROLEPIS. Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1897, p. 356. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 54 times in total length. Head flat above, as deep as broad; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; snout 3 to 34 times in length of head; eye 5¢ to 6 times in length of head, 22 to 24 times in interorbital width. Dorsal 16-17, originating a little nearer head than root of caudal. Anal 17-18, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral reaching ventral, or a little beyond. Caudal subtruncate. 40-42 scales in longitudinal series, 26-28 in transverse series. Yellowish grey; a black band from one angle of the mouth to the other, passing through the eyes and over the nape. Total length 65 millim. Between Brava and Lugh, Somaliland.—Types in Genoa Museum. 17. FUNDULUS NISORIUS. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1871, p. 456. Depth of body 32% times in total length, length of head 4 times. Hye 4 times in length of head and twice in interorbital width. Dorsal 12. Anal 10-11, originating about opposite to middle of dorsal. Scales 26 in longitudinal series, 12 in transverse series. Light brown, male faintly cross-banded. Total length 100 millim. Gaboon.—Types in Museum of Academy of Philadelphia. 18. FUNDULUS CAPENSIS. Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1895, p. 113. Head broad, depressed, crown flat; snout short, rounded ; eye nearly twice length of snout, 24 times in length of head, little less than inter- orbital width. Dorsal 13, originating midway between centre of eye and base of caudal, and slightly in advance of vent. Anal 13, originating 40 CYPRINODONTID &. below middle of dorsal. Caudal rounded. Scales 36 in longitudinal series, 1] in transverse series. Olivaceous, edges of scales darker; top of head darker, crossed by a lighter band in front of the eye; opercle silvery, crossed by a darkish streak behind the eye; a faint band of silvery from the opercle to the caudal along the middle of the side; 5 or 6 broad blotches of brownish across the flanks, separated by rather wider spaces of the lighter colour; a vertebral darkish streak, more distinct behind the dorsal; a similar line between anal and lower edge of caudal; a band crosses the caudal near its base. Total length 26 millim. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.—Type in Museum of Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 4. HAPLOCHILUS. McClell. Asiat. Res. xix. pp. 301 & 426 (1839); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 310 (1866) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 344 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 415 (1907). Ypiplatys, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 136. Atopocheilichthys, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 116. Lycocyprinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 146. Distinguished from the preceding genus by the more posterior position of the dorsal fin, the origin of which is well behind that of the anal. Fresh and brackish waters of Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, Central and South America, and the West Indies. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal 10-13 * ; scales 27-34 in a longitudinal series. A. Hye 2} to 3 times in length of head. D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Sec. 28-31; middle dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep . 1. H. antinori, Vincig., p. 44. D.10; A. 14-15; Se. 27-28; middle dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 1i times aslongasdeep . . . . 2 H. myapose, Blgr., p. 44. D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Se. 27-29; decos dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 1 to 13 times as long asdeep . 3. A. pumilus, Blgr., p. 45. * See also species 19 to 21 and 29 and 34 in division II. of this synopsis. HAPLOCHILUS. 4] D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Se. 32-36; posterior dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 12 to twice as long asdeep . . 4. H. christy, Blgr., p. 46. B. Hye 3} to 4 times in length of head. 1. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. D. 10; A. 13-14; Se. 30-32; depth of body 6 to 64 times in total length; caudal rounded or subacuminate . . . . . . 5. H. ferranti, Blgr., p. 47. D. 11-12; A. 14-15; Se. 30-34; depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length ; caudal subacuminate . . . 6. LH. cameronensis, Blgr., p. 47. D. 11; A. 15-16; Se. 32-33 ; death of bode ot to 6 times in total length ; caudal ROUMGCA MA Ania ah cpl. asMe MRE Ne ud sdbertensity blonp ao. D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Sc. 29-32; depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length ; caudal rounded, with upper and lower rays producedtinmales; . 3 4) je.) Sue. hye} Blors sp: 49- 2. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. a. Caudal rounded. D.11; A. 14; Se. 28; pectoral % length of eal Sle Ae a ee os ees homalonotuss A. Dum p00: D. 10; A. 13; Se. 30 toe we we es LO. A. nuchimaculatus, Guichen., D. 12-13; A. 17-19; Sc. 29-32; pectoral [p. 50. sto lengthofheadd ... . . 11. A. playfairii, Gthr., p. 51. D. 11-12; A. 16-18; Se. 27-29; actor 2 to : length ofhead . . . . . . . 12. H. fasciolatus, Gthr., p. 52. 6. Caudal acuminate or rounded-subacuminate. D. 11; A. 16; Sc. 80-31; caudal acutely pointed eum ay lone vansongi, Dian. psoas D. 10-12; A. 15-17; Se. 28-32; caudal rounded-subacuminate . . . . . . . 14. ZH. sexfasciatus, Gill, p. 54. II. Dorsal 6-10 ; scales 23-32 in a longitudinal series. A. Dorsal originating above middle of anal, rarely further back*. 1. Hye considerably shorter than postocular part of head. a. 24—28 scales in longitudinal series. D. 7-8 ; A. 14-15; Se. 25-27 ; caudal rounded or rounded-acuminate ; caudal peduncle not longer than deep . .. . . . . 15. H. chaperi, Sauv., p. 56. * H, kingii, p. 64. 42 CYPRINODONTID#, D. 8-9; A. 13-14; Sc. 24-26 ; caudal rounded- acuminate ; caudal peduncle 15 times as longdasideepi meine) dys wo a> ERNE .dccors see llcon wp Lai. D.8; A.12; Se. 28; caudal rounded; caudal peduncle 1} times aslongasdeep . . . 17. H. ewiquus, Blgr., p. 57. b, 29-32 scales in longitudinal series. D. 8; A. 14-15; Se. 30-32; caudal forked in the male; caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep a/0 oo 9 3 6 Ihe, Jeh Gia, lay, jes D. 9-10; A. 14-15; Sc. 30-32; caudal rounded ; caudal peduncle a little longer than deep . 339 9 6 6 6) 0, 5 IDS Jéh jagiersi, Sti, (057 D. 9-10; A. 12-13; Se. 29-30; caudal acuminate or rounded-acuminate ; inter- Or oA) Or ive) . orbital width 2 diameters of eye, which is 32 to 4 times in length of head . . . . 20. HW. calliurus, Blgr., p. 59. D. 9-10; A. 13; Se. 30-31 ; caudal rounded ; interorbital width 14 diameters of eye, which is 33 times in length of head . , 21. H. striatus, Blgr., p. 60. 2. Eye not more than 3 times in length of head, not or but slightly shorter than postocular part of head. a. Caudal rounded. a. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep ; ventral nearer end of snout than caudal. D. 7-8; A. 18-14; Sec. 25-28; lower jaw not projecting go 0 a 6) 6 6 by JE Gollndian, vo Dims, 7p. Hib D. 8-9; A. 18-15; Sc. 23-24; lower jaw PLOJECUNG . 4) =) Mee ein lm Zo. eavhudercauthebl oT. sp. Go: 8. Caudal peduncle longer than deep; lower jaw projecting. * Ventral equally distant from end of snout and from caudal. D. 7-8; A. 14-15; Sc. 24-28 . . . . . 24. A. loati, Bler., p. 63. Di6=05; AgldS2': Se. 26-27 9... 20. A kenge, Bler.. p. 64 ** Ventral much nearer end of snout than caudal. D. 7-8; A. 12-13; Se. 25-28; caudal pe- duncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep; diameter of eye much less than inter- orbital width) Say 6) eile eee 2Out Berschocllers Blor ip sbo: D. 7-8; A. 14-16; Se. 26-28; caudal pe- duncle twice as long as deep; diameter of eye a little less than interorbital width to bo | . A. moeruensis, Blgr., p. 66. D. D. D. HAPLOCHILUS. 43 7-8; A. 12-14; Sc. 24-27; caudal pe- duncle not much longer than deep ; diameter of eye a little less than inter- Orbitalewidthas ie ss se oe 2Senemacrurus, Blo, p. 60. 9-10; A. 14-15; Se. 25-27. . . . . 29. H. katange, Bigr., p. 67. 6. Caudal truneate. . 8-9; A. 14-15; Se. 29-31. . . . . . 30. H. cabinde, Blgr., p. 68. B. Dorsal originating above posterior third or fourth of anai. 1. Caudal rounded or very obtusely pointed, not or but slightly longer than head. . 7-8; A. 13-14; Se. 28-29; ventral much nearer end of snout than caudal. . . . 31. H. johnstonii, Gthr., p. 69. . 6-7; A. 14-15 ; Sc. 27-28; ventral equally distant from end of snout and from Gamal go} re ae oreo arn, SOL. Ds, 10s 8-9; A. 15-16; Sc. 26- 29 ; ventral nearly equally distant from end of snout and from caudal, or a little nearer latter . . 33. H. senegalensis, Stdr., p. 71. 2. Caudal pointed, not longer than head. oe Ce 9-10; A. 15-16; Sc. 26-29 . . . . . 34. Z. acuticaudatus, Pellegr., 3. Caudal rounded-subacuminate, longer than head. 8-9; A. 15-16; Sc. 28-29; ventral at least 4 Teng of eee aie . . . . » 0d. EH, longiventralis, Blgr., p 8-9; A. 15-16; Se. 98-30 ; ventral not 4 rede of heady nye) ayy te ey | DOM Er anime ostigman DICT... pwla: ~_ Le) 4, Caudal pointed, longer than head. 9; A. 15; Se. 28-29, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; depth of body 43 to 43 times in total length . . . . . . . 37. LH. nigricans, Bler., p. 74. . 8-9; A. 14-15; Se. 29-30, 20 round body ; depth of body 5 to 52 times in total ane Sayers . 38. H. multifasciatus, Blgr., p. 75. ; A. 15-16 ; Se. 28-20, 20- 22 etna aa depth of body 4 to 44 times in total lengthy . 39. H. grahami, Blgr., p. 75. . 6-7; A. 15-16 ; So. “9T- 98, 16- 18 ae Ipoehy 5 oo Ja So) a 0 eo 6 40s JEG tarasarenions, tush, jos (Ge 7-8 ; A. 13-14; Se. 27-28. we ss). 410 ME chevaliert, Pellegr.) p. 77. 5. Caudal notched in males. GS Alo Ike Sh 20S ga oan) a ea JEG Coreen, leben job) OS 44 CYPRINODONTIDA. 1. HAPLOCHILUS ANTINORII. Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. 1883, p. 693, fig.; Bouleng. P. Z. 8. 1903, ii. p- 333. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout short, much shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw strongly projecting; eye 2% to 5 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, a little shorter than post- ocular part of head ; preorbital about } diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-1], originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, above anterior third of anal, median rays longest, 2 to 3 length of head. Anal 14-15, rounded like the dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, reaching a little beyond base of ventral; latter small, nearer end of snout than Haplochilus antinori. 3,type. 4. root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as or a little shorter than head. Caudal peduncle 2 to 23 times as long as deep. 28-31 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, speckled with brown, or with the dorsal scales edged with brown; dark dots often forming lines above, below, and on the sides of the caudal region ; fins uniform whitish. Total length 30 millim. Southern Ethiopia and Lake Naiwasha.—Types in Genoa Museum. 1-2. Two of the types. L. Arsadé, Adda Marquis O. Antinori (C.) ; Gallaland. Genoa Museum (P.). 3. Ad. Suksuk R., near Prof. O. Neumann and L. Zwai. Baron C. von Erlanger (C.). 4-9, Ad. L. Naiwasha. R.J. Cuninghame, Esq. (P.). 10-40. Ad. & her. Nairobi. Sir F. J. Jackson (P.). 2. HAPLOCHILUS MYAPOS#. Bouleng. Ann. Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 232, fig. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye ; HAPLOCHILUS. 45 mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye nearly 3 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, as long as or a little shorter than postorbital part of head; preorbital hardly 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above anterior third of anal, median rays longest, about 4 length of head. Anal 14-15, rounded like the dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, reaching a little beyond base of ventral; latter nearer Fig. 31. Haplochilus myapose. Type (Ann. Natal Mus. 1908). end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Pale olive, with darker edges to the scales ; fins greyish. Total length 28 millim. Zululand.—Types in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. 1-2. Two of the types. Myaposa R. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 3. HAPLOCHILUS PUMILUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 554, pl. xxxii. fig. 4, and Fish. Nile, p. 420, pl. xxxii. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body 33 to 45 times in total length, length of head 31 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye ; Fig. 32. Huplochilus punilus. Type @. N.). 3. mouth directed upwards, lower jaw strongly projecting ; eye nearly 3 times in length of head, 13 to 13 times in interorbital width, = to? postorbital part of head; prxorbital hardly 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-11, originating twice as far from snout or eye as from root of caudal, 46 CYPRINODONTIDZ. above anterior third of anal; posterior rays longest, + to 2 length of head. Anal 14-15, pointed like the dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle 1 to 13 times as long as deep. 27-29 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, more brownish on the back, where the scales have darker outlines; a dark lateral streak sometimes present; fins greyish or purplish. ‘Total length 55 millim. Lakes Tanganyika and Victoria. 1-3. Types. Kitutu, L. Tanganyika. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4—5, Ad. Sambala R., L. Tanganyika. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 6-11. Ad. & her. Lufuko R., ss a 12-21. Types. Entebbe, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 22, Ad. Sesse Ids., 5 Dr. E. Bayon (C.); Genoa Museum (P.). 4. HAPLOCHILUS CHRISTYL, sp. n. Depth of body 4 to 4% times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head, about 1} times in interorbital width; pre- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 10-11, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; posterior rays longest, as long as or a little longer than head in male, shorter in female. Anal 14-15. Pectoral § to ? length of head, not reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, or a little nearer former. Caudal rounded, as long as head in female, a little longer in male. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. 32 to 34 scales in longitudinal series, 22—24 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line represented by a more or less distinct series of shallow pits. Yellowish or pale olive above, the scales edged with darker; male with more or less numerous carmine spots, these spots absent or very small in the female; fins of male with round carmine spots, caudal with an upper and a lower carmine edge. Total length 50 millim. Lindi River, Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-10. Types. Lindi R. Dr. C. Christy (C.). HAPLOCHILUS. 47 5. HAPLOCHILUS FERRANTI. Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb. 1910, p. 285. Depth of body 6 to 63 times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 33 times in length of head, 1% times in interorbital width; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from centre of eye or end of snout as from root of caudal, above middle of anal, longest ray about 3 length of head. Anal 13-14. Pectoral nearly # length of head, not reaching Haplochilus ferrante. d, type, ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded or subacuminate, as long as head. Candal peduncle 1% times as long as deep. 30-52 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of shallow pits. Brown above and on the sides, dirty white beneath; usually a bright yellow, continuous or interrupted lateral band, from the gill-cover to the base of the caudal; dorsal and caudal brown, spotted with yellow; some orange on the pectoral and ventrals. Total length 50 millim. Kasai, Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1. One of the types. Kondue, Kasai. M. E. Luja (C.). 2-3, 4-9, Ad. re) 99 2 6. HAPLOCHILUS CAMBRONENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 440. Depth of body 43 to 53 times in total length, length of head 32 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting ; eye 31 to 3} times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width; pre- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 11-12, originating twice as far from centre 48 CYPRINODONTID £. or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest rays a little shorter than head in male, about # length of head in female. Anal 14-15, Pectoral % to # length of head, reaching base of ventrals in male, not in female ; ventral small, a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, as long as head in female, a little longer in male. Caudal peduncle 17 to 2 times as Fig. 34. LHaplochilus cameronensis. 3 Q, types. long as deep. 380-34 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a more or less distinct series of shallow pits. Yellowish or olive-brown, with carmine spots, which are more profusely distributed in males, in which they often form two longitudinal bands, one close to the lower outline, from below the pectoral to the root of the caudal, the other on the upper border of the caudal peduncle; fins grey, more or less spotted with carmine; in males, anal edged with black and white and lower border of caudal white. Total length 55 millim. South Cameroon, Fernando Po, Gaboon, Lower Congo. 1-2, 3-8. Types. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 9-15. Ad. & her. 53 5 = 16-35. ,, Be Nyong Kt., as ss 36. Type. Ja R., * . 37-38. Ad. Fernando Po. Mr. E. Seimund (C.). 39-40, 41-42. Ad. Cape Lopez, Gaboon. Mr: J. Paul Arnold (P.). 43-44, Ad. Kwikenga, Manyanga, Congo. Congo Museum (P.). 7. HAPLOCHILUS LIBERIENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) 11. 1908, p. 30. Depth of body 53 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting a little; eye 32 times in length of head, 13 to 12 times in interorbital width ; prorbital 4 to $ diameter HAPLOCHILUS. 49 of eye. Dorsal 11, originating at equal distince from head and from root of caudal, above anterior third (fourth or fifth ray) of anal; longest ray about $ length of head (@). Anal 15-16. Pectoral about 3 length of head, not reaching ventral ; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 32-35 scales in longitudinal series, Fig. 35 Bie a z2 Pia Ln Te *. ONS “ Haplochilus liberiensis. 9, type. 4. 20 round body in front of ventrals; an interrupted series of lateral-line pits. Yellowish to dark olive, with darker blotches; dorsal and anal fins with small blackish spots. Total length 36 millim. Liberia. 1-2. Types. Monrovia. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.) 3. Ad. a 8. HAPLOCHILUS LUJ 2. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 263, and Bull. Soc, Nat. Luxemb, 1911, p. 223. Depth of body £ to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 33 to 5% times in length of head, 1} to 14 times in interorbital width; pra- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 10-11, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about as long as head in male, about 3 length of head in female. Anal 14-15. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not reaching ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head, with one of the upper and one of the lower rays more or less produced in the male. Caudal peduncle 13 De times as long as deep. 29-32 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a more or less distinct series of pits. Male olive above, VOL. TU. B 0 CYPRINODONTID#. yellowish beneath, with numerous, rather large carmine spots disposed irregularly ; dorsal fin with small round purple spots; anal and caudal with large purple markings, which may form streaks in the direction of the rays. Female yellowish, the scales of the upper parts edged Vig. 36. THaplochilus luje. 3 & Q, types. with olive-brown; small red or orange spots sometimes present on the sides; dorsal, anal, and caudal with small purplish-brown spots. Total length 45 millim. Kasai, Cougo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1-6. Types. Kondue, Sankun R. M. E. Luja (C.). 9. HAPLOCHILUS HOMALONOTUS. Peeilia omalonota, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1861, p. 257, pl. xxii. fig. 7. Flaplochilus homalonotus, Sauy. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 485, pl. xlvii. fig. 2 (1891). Depth of body nearly 5 times in total length, length of head 53 10 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw strongly projecting; eye 32 to 4 times in length of head; przorbital very narrow. Dorsal 11, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above middle of anal, longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 14. Pectoral 3% length of head, reaching ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, shorter than head. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. 28 scales in longitudinal series. Uniform reddish brown. Total length 95 millim. Nossi Bé, Madagascar.—Types in Paris Museum. 10. HAPLOCHILUS NUCHIMACULATUS. Peeilia nuchimaculata, Guichen. Mém. Soe. Se. Nat. Cherb. xii. 1866, p. 144. Haplochilus nuchimaculatus, Sauy. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 486, pl. xli. B. fig. 1 (1891). Depth of body about 4 times in total length, length of head 35 times. HAPLOCHILUS. 51 Head flat above; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 54 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above middle of anal, longest rays about % length of head. Anal 13. Pectoral widely separated from ventral ; latter small, nearer root of caudal than end of snout. Caudal rounded, shorter than head. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. 30 scales in longitudinal series. Greenish brown above, whitish beneath ; fins yellowish; dorsal and anal with brown dots. Total length 64 millim. Madagascar, in brackish water.—Type in Paris Museum. 11. HAPLOCHILUS PLAYFAIRII. Ginth. Cat. Fish. vi. p, 314 (1866) ; Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 118, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1866). Depth of body 3} to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head flat above, snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 34 to 4 times in length Fig. 37. Haplochilus playfuirti. 3 9, Mahe. of head, } interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 12-13, originating twice as far from eye or occiput as from root of caudal, above middle or a little anterior to middle of anal; longest rays 3 to 3 length of head in male, about 4 in female. Anal 17-19. Pectoral il > to 3 length of head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal or a little y *) A ay) CYPRINODONTID#A. nearer latter. Caudal rounded, 2? to % length of head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. 29-32 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line entirely absent. Dark brown above, yellowish beneath, male with longitudinal series of light (in life red) spots corresponding to the series of scales and numerous small brown spots on the vertical fins, Total length 95 millim. Seychelles. 1-5, 6-9, 10-12, Seychelles. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 13-14, 15-16. Types. 17-18. Ad. x ~ 19-20. Her. % Prof. E. P. Wright (C.). 21-22. Ad. Mahe. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 23-42. Ad. & hgr. a Lord Crawford (P.). 43-46. Ad. & her. Chateau Margot, Mahé, _— Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner (P.). 1000 ft. A750. Ad. & Her. Praslin. = 51. Skel. 0 , 12. HAPLOCHILUS FASCIOLATUS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 358, part. (1866) ; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 27 fig.; Aubry, t. c. p. 538, fig. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 53 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little 2 Ys Fig. 38. Haplochilus fasciolatus. do, type. shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly pro- jecting; eye 32 times in length of head, } interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 11-12, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about 2 length of head in male, shorter in female. Anal 16-18. Pectoral $ to 3 length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral ; latter small, equally HAPLOCHILUS. 0d distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal a little longer than head, rounded-subacuminate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 27-29 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brownish above, each scale with a carmine spot, whitish beneath ; lower part of side with more or less distinct dark oblique streaks or series of spots, which are best defined and extend to the upper surface on the caudal peduncle ; males with carmine spots on the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Total length 80 millim. Sierra Leone. 1-4. Types. Sierra Leone. Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 5-13. Ad. & hgr. 53 R. Dinzey, Esq. (P.). 14. Skel. 5 - 15-16. Her. oS Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 13. HAPLOCHILUS ANSORGII. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 262. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 3% to 4 times in length of head, 4 interorbital width; preorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 11, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about + length of head (males). Anal 16. Pectoral ? length of head, reaching base of ventral : Haplochilus ansorgit. d, type. latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal acuminate, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath; sides with regular longitudinal series of carmine spots, following the series of scales and more or Jess confluent; lower 54 CYPRINODONTIDZ. lip blackish ; fins grey, edged with black, dorsal and anal with round purplish-grey spots. Total length 70 millim. Ogowe. 1-2. Types. Masoma R., flowing into L. Agemwe Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.), at Umpokoya. 14. HAPLOCHILUS SEXFASCIATUS. Epiplatys sexfasciatus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 136; Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. xi. 1870, p. 457. Haplochilus infrafasciatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 313 (1866); Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 76; Lonnb. Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh. 1895, p- 188, Haplochilus sexfasciatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, i. p. 27; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 557, fig. ; Gerlach, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 741, fig. Lycocyprinus sexfasciatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 146. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 5} to 32 times. Head flat above; snout rounded, as long as or slightly longer than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw feebly projecting ; eye 34 to 3% times in length of head, about 4 interorbital width ; preorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-12, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about Fig. 40. Haplochilus seafasciatus. 3, Ogowe. 2 length of head in males, shorter in females. Anal 15-17. Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal as long as or a little longer than head, rounded-subcarinate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brown above, yellowish beneath, with carmine dots and usually 5 to 7 blackish vertical bars on the body, confined, except the last, to the lower part of the side; the first bar usually just behind the base of the pectoral; two bars above the anal; a series of large black dots some- HAPLOCHILUS. or Or times present between the black bars; the black bars may be reduced to the four or five behind the vent; fins edged with black in the male. Total length 100 millim. Liberia to Congo.—Type in Philadelphia Academy Museum. 1-2. Her. & yg. 3-7. Her. & yg. 8-13. Hgr. & yg 14-21. Ye. 22-28. Ad. 29-38. Her. & yg 39-40. Ad. & her. 41-42, Her. & yg. 43-44, Ad. 45-47. Her 48. Type of H. infra- fasciatus. 49-52. Ad. & her. 53. Her. 54-63. Ad., her., & yg. 64-70. be} Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). ” Capt. Royaux (C.). Pecilia spilargyreia, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1861, p. 258 (which has been identified with H. infrafasciatus by Rochebrune, Faune Sénégamb. p. 139), probably constitutes a distinct species, but the type specimens in the Paris Museum are too badly preserved to draw up a complete description. I am indebted to Dr. Pellegrin for notes on these 56 CYPRINODONTID &. specimens. ‘The principal difference from //. sexfasciatus appears to be that the head is only 5 or 52 times in the total length. D.11; A. 15; Sc. 27. 15. HAPLOCHILUS CHAPERI. Pecilia sexfasciata (non Gill), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 396. Haplochilus sexfasciatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 213 (1866). Epiplatys infrafasciatus (non Giinth.), Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1870, p. 457. Haplochilus chaperi, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1882, p. 323, pl. v. fig. 5 ; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1908, p. 297, pl. — ; Ehnle, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1910, p. 809, fig. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 54 to 4 times in total length. Head flat above ; snout rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 34 to 34 times in length of head, 4 to 2 interorbital width; preorbital barely 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about 3 length of head in male, shorter in female. Anal 14-15. Pectoral 2 to 3 length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal as long as head, rounded or rounded-subacuminate, some of the rays slightly produced in males, Haplochilus chaperi. do, Sierra Leone. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by an interrupted series of pits. Brown above, sometimes with carmine spots; yellowish beneath ; six or seven black vertical bars on each side, the first at the eye or on the gill-cover; one often present between the pectoral and the ventral, two or three above the anal, the last at the base of the caudal; only the last or last two extending to the upper surface of the body ; the scales of the back edged with red in the male; a black band round the lower lip; fins edged with black in the male, which may have two black spots or vertical bars on the anal. Total length 65 millim. Sierra Leone to Gold Coast.—Types in Paris Museum. HAPLOCHILUS: 57 J-2. Ad. Sierra Leone. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 3-5. Ad. & Hgr. Liberia. s 6-7. Ad. s G. A. Boulenger, Iisq. (P.). 8. One of the types. Assini, Gold Coast. M. Chaper (C.); Paris Museum (P.). 16. HAPLOCHILUS DECORSII. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1904, p. 223. Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye; lower jaw projecting ; eye nearly 4 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal. Anal 13-14. Pectoral 2? length of head. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longest rays sometimes as long as head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 24—26 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, each scale with a dark edge; a dark line from head to origin of dorsal; fins with carmine dots, caudal finely edged with carmine in the male, ‘Total length 40 millim, Ubanghi.—Types in Paris Museum. 17. HAPLOCHILUS EXIGUUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 265. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 34 times in length of head, % interorbital width; preorbital nearly 4 diameter of eye. ma 8 yas Fig. 42. Haplochilus eaiguus. d,type. 4. Dorsal 8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; penultimate ray produced into a long filament (¢ ). Anal 12. Pectoral 3 length of head, barely reaching base of ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of.snout and from root cf caudal. 58 CYPRINODONTIDA, Caudal rounded, slightly shorter than head. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 28 scales in longitudinal series, 22 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, sides tinged with carmine; a carmine streak on each side of the head, through the eye, and round the chin; another below the eye; gill-membranes, pectorals, and ventrals edged with carmine ; dorsal and anal with a longitudinal streak and some carmine spots ; caudal bordered all round with carmiue, with three bars of the same colour. Total length 32 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Nyong River. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 18. HAPLOCHILUS ELEGANS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 113, pl. xlvii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 345 (1901). Depth of body 4} to 5} times in total length, length of head 31 to 3% times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 3 to 33 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 8, Haplochilus elegans. 6, type (A. M. C.). originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal produced into a filament in males. Anal 14-15, produced like the dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, nearly reaching base of ventral; latter a little nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal forked, upper and lower rays produced into filaments in the male. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. 30-32 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish or pale olive, brown on the back, most of the scales edged with carmine ; vertical fins with carmine dots and edged with carmine or dark purple. ‘Total length 40 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-3. Types. Bikoro, L. Tumba. M. P. Delhez (C.). Ae gs Coquilhatville. 55 HAPLOCHILUS. 59 19. HAPLOCHILUS PETERSII. Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1882. p. 324, pl. v. fig. 6 *. Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; lower jaw projecting ; eye 35 to 4 times in length of head, 1% to 2 times in interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from occiput or posterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about } length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral a little shorter than head, reaching ventral or not quite so far. Ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a Haplochilus petersit. 3 2, Dunkwa. xi. little longer than deep. 30-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20 or 22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral-line pits feebly marked. Brownish or greenish, scales edged with carmine, with or without red spots; 6 to 10 vertical or more or less oblique dark bars may be present on each side; vertical fins with oblique series of small dark or red spots, or (males) dark purplish grey with the lower edge of the anal and caudal yellow or orange, which colour sometimes also occupies the upper border of the caudal. Total length 55 millim, Gold Coast.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-9. Ad. & hgr. Dunkwa, Gold Coast. Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell (P.). 20. HAPLOCHILUS CALLIURUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 265; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 559, fig. Haplochilus elegans (non Bouleng.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. v. 1908, no. 23, pl. —. ? Haplochilus cameronensis (non Bouleng.), Triber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 773, fig. * Tam informed by Dr. Pellegrin that the number of dorsal rays is incorrectly given as seven in the original description. 60 CYPRINODONTID 2. Depth of body 3} to 44 times in total length, length of head 33 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, nearly as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 3% to 4 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; preorbital not more than 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest ray 2 to % length of head in female, antepenultimate produced into a long filament in male. Anal 12-13, the antepenultimate ray pro- duced into a very long filamentin male. Pectoral 4 to * length of head, Fig. 48. GE Haplochilus calliurus. 3 2, types. reaching base of ventrals in male, not in female; ventral very small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, outer ray produced into a short filament in male. Caudal rounded-acuminate or decidedly pointed, one or two of the median rays sometimes produced in males. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1} times as long asdeep. 29-30 scales in Jongitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive or brownish above, yellowish white beneath, with carmine spots, which are larger and brighter in the males, in which they may be confluent into longitudinal streaks; fins greyish, dorsal and caudal spotted with carmine; in males, anal edged with carmine and white, and lower border of caudal similarly marked. Total length 50 millim. Liberia. 1-2, 3-12. Types. Liberia. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 13-15. Ad. W. Africa. Mr. G. Gerlach (P.). 21. HAPLOCHILUS STRIATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 266. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 5} to 3% times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye 33 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width; preorbital about { diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from centre or anterior HAPLOCHILUS. 61 border of eye and from root of caudal, above middle of anal, acutely pointed behind, longest ray? length of head (males). Anal 13, pointed like thedorsal. Pectoral } to $ length of head, reaching base of veutral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, with one of the upper rays produced into a short filament in the male. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral-line pits very indistinct or absent. Pale olive above, yellowish, white beneath ; carmine spots forming 3 or 4 regular longi- tudinal series on each side, separated by olive streaks or confluent into TTaplochilus striatus. 3, type. 4. as many longitudinal bands; fins greyish, dorsal and anal edged with carmine and with a carmine median streak in the male; caudal spotted with carmine and with a carmine and white streak above and below. Total length 40 millim. Ogowe and Portuguese Congo. 1-4. Types. Abanga R., Ogowe, between 1st Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). and 2nd rapids. 5. Ad. Lundo, Luali R., Portuguese a Congo. 22. HAPLOCHILUS SPILAUCHEN. Peeilia spilauchena, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 258, pl. xxii. fig. 6. Apocheilichthys typus, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p- 116, pl. xxiv. fig. 1. Peeilia bensonii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 395. Haplochilus spilauchen, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 312 (1864); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 558, and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 75; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 345 (1901) ; Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, x. 1904, p. 223 ; Gerlach, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 722, fig. Haplochilichthys spilauchen, part.. Garm. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1895, p. 157. Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head 34 to 32 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye ; mouth terminal, jaws equal in front or upper slightly 62 CYPRINODONTIDA. projecting ; eye as long as postocular part of head, about # interorbital width ; preorbital about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from centre or posterior border of eve as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays nearly as long as head in male, much shorter in female. Anal 13-14. Pectoral ¢ to 4 length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal, rather long and pointed in the male. Caudal nearly Fig. 47. Haplochilus spilauchen. 3 2, Gaboon. as long as head, rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line absent or represented by a few very few shallow pits. Brownish or dark olive-green above, whitish beneath; male usually with very numerous dark vertical bars, most distinct on the caudal part of the body; fins uniform white in the female; in the male, dorsal and posterior part of anal with numerous dark spots forming transverse series, and numerous vertical dark bars on the caudal. Total length 70 millim. West Africa, from Senegal to Lower Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. Geba R. at Bafata, Portug. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Guinea. 2-7. Ad. Lagos, in mangrove swamp. Major G. I. Bruce (P.). 8-12. Ad. Degama, Lower Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 1}, lalear, Warri, Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 14-15. Ad. Old Calabar. aS 16-18. Ad. & her. Miss Kingsley (C.). 0 Benito R., Spanish Guinea. 19-23. Ad. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 24, Skel. 5 33 55 25. Ad Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). 26-31, 32-33, 34, 35 3 Ad. & hgr 36. Her. Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 37-38. Ad. Chiloango Town, Portuguese Dr. W. Jd. Ansorge (C.). Congo. (or) Co HAPLOCHILUS. 23. HAPLOCHILUS HUTEREAUT. Bouleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. 11. 1913, p. 159. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 34 to 35 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye nearly as long as postocular part of head, about 2 to ? interorbital width; preorbital not quite 2 diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from end of snout Fig. 48. Haplochilus hutereaur, Type. 4. or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays as long as head or a little shorter. Anal 13-15. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head, extending beyond root of ventral; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 23-24 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line absent. Yellowish, the scales edged with dark brown; fins white, with four or five blackish bars or transverse series of blackish spots on the posterior half of the dorsal and anal and on the caudal. Total length 55 millim. Uelle River, Upper Congo, and Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Dungu, Uelle. M. Hutereau (C.). 24. HAPLOCHILUS LOATI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 446, and Fish. Nile, p. 417, pl. Ixxix. fig. 7 (1907). Depth of body 33 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye less than 3 times in length of head, as long as postorbital part of head, 1} times in interorbital width; preorbital about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; 64 CYPRINODONTIDE. longest ray about # length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral about #% length of head, extending to base of ventral; latter small, nearly equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle 13 to 14 times as long as Fig. 49. Haplochilus loati. Type (F.N.). 3. deep. 24-25 scales in longitudinal series, 14 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish olive above, the scales edged with darker, whitish beneath; usually a fine blackish lateral line ; fins white, without markings. Total length 25 millim. White Nile, Bahr-el-Gebel. 1-40. Types. Lake No. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 41-44. Ad. Sess H. H. King, Esq. (P.). 45. Ad. Fashoda. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 46. Ad. Gondokoro. > 25. HAPLOCHILUS KINGII. Bouleng, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 566. Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye, which Fig. 50. Haplochilus kingit. Type. x1}. equals postorbital part of head; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw pro- jecting ; interorbital width 14 to 14 times diameter of eye; preorbital 4 to } diameter of eye. Dorsal 6-7, originating 1} to 2 times as far HAPLOCHILUS. 65 from eye as from root of caudal, above middle or posterior third of anal ; longest ray about $ length of head. Anal 11-12. Pectoral about # length of head, extending to beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 26-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, the scales on the sides and back finely edged with brown, the black powdered with brown ; a fine blackish lateral line; fins whitish, dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes blackish (males). Total length 34 millim. White Nile and Sobat. 1-5. Types. Khor on Sobat R. H. HH. King, Esq. (P.). 26. HAPLOCHILUS SCHOELLERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 136; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exy. i. 1906, p. 1142 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 415, pl. Ixxix. fig. 6 (1907). Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3} to 4 times. Head flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye not more than 3 times in length of head, as long as or a little shorter than postorbital part of Haplochilus schoelleri. Type (FE. N.). 3. head, 14 to 14 times in interorbital width ; preorbital + to 4} diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating 13 to 13 times as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about 3 length of head. Anal 12-13. Pectoral about % length of head, extending to base of ventral; latter small, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 14-16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish olive (blue in life), the scales finely edged with blackish, VOL. Tl. F 66 : CYPRINODONTID &. often with a fine blackish lateral line; dorsal and caudal colourless, the latter edged with red above and beneath in the male; other fins yellow. Total length 53 millim. Lgypt. 1-8. Types. Near Lake Marcotis. C. H. Schoeller, Esq. (P.). 9-48, 49-58. Ad. Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Men- LL. Loat, Esq. (C.). & her. zaleh. 59. Ad. Birket Karun, Fayum. Dr. W. A. Cunnington and Dr. C. L. Boulenger (P.). 27. HAPLOCHILUS MOERUENSIS. Bouleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 447. Depth of body 43 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3} to 3% times. Head flat above ; snout very short, shorter than eye; mouth Haplochilus moerucnsis. Type. x13. directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye 25 to 23 times in length of head, as long as postorbital part of head, about 13 times in interorbital width; preorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating about 14 times as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 14-16. Pectoral about 2 length of head, extending to base of ventral; latter small, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 26-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, top of head and back, and borders of the scales speckled with dark brown; fins whitish. Total length 34 millim. Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-6. Types. L. Mweru at Kilug. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 7-11. Types, L. Mweru at Nkole. HAPLOCHILUS. 67 28. HAPLOCHILUS MACRURUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 19. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 4 times in total Iength. Head flat above; snout much shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye not quite 3 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width; preorbital + to } diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating at equa] distance from head and from root of caudal, or a little nearer Jatter, above middle of anal; longest rays 2 to + length of head. Anal 12-14, longest rays as long as head. Pectoral ? length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter small, nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 24-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Pale brownish, finely speckled with darker; a fine dark lateral line; some- Haplochilus macrurus. 3,ftype. 4. times a dark spot in the axil and another at the base of the ventral fin ; fins uniform greyish. Total length 50 millim. Angola, Old Calabar. 1-8. Types. Marimba, L. Sarmento, Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9-10. Ad. Quanza R. at Dondo, Angola. i 11-13. Her. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 29. HAPLOCHILUS KATANGA. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. ii. 1912, p. 47. Depth of body equal to length of head, 33 to 33 in total length. Head flat above; snout shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head, considerably less than interorbital width; preorbital 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays # to ? length of head. Anal 14-15, rays not much longer than dorsals. Pectoral $ to $ length of head, F2 68 CYPRINODONTIDZ. reaching beyond base of ventral; latter small, nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, scales edged with brown; a blackish lateral streak along the lower half of the body, from Huaplochilus katange. Type. 2. the pectoral fin to the root of the caudal; fins uniform greyish, or dorsal and anal with small dark dots at the base. Total length 25 millim. Katanga.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Lubumbashi R., near Elizabethville. M. Poppe (C.). 3-8. Ad. Blizabethville. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 30. HAPLOCHILUS CABINDAL. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 264, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. il. 3, p. 21 (1912). Depth of body equal to length of head, 35 to 33 times in total length. Head flat above; snout much shorter than eye; mouth directed Fig. 55. Haplochilus cabinde. Type. 4. upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting ; eye 2$ times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width; preorbital 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, or nearer latter, above middle of anal; longest rays 2 length HAPLOCHILUS. 69 of head in female, nearly as long as head in male. Anal 14-15, longest rays 2 to $ length of head. Pectoral # to + length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral; latter much nearer end of snout than root of caudal, small in the female, produced to beyond origin of anal in male. Caudal truncate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 29-31 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, finely speckled with blackish, the vertebral line and a broad lateral band olive-brown; fins uniform greyish. Total length 52 millim. Portuguese Congo. 1-2. Types. Lucola R., near Cabinda. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3-4. Ad. Buco Zau, Luali R. . , 31. HAPLOCHILUS JOHNSTONII. Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 627; Bouleng. Ann. Natal Mus. i. 1908, p- 220. Haplochilus atripinna, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 46 (1896) ; Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1903, p. 271. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 2% to 3 times in length of head, not or but little shorter than postocular part of head, 15 to 1% times in interorbital width; preorbital nearly } diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest rays % to # length of head. Anal 13-14. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head, reaching base Fig. 56. Haplochalus johnstonii. Type. of ventral; latter moderately large, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, not or but slightly longer than head. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1% times as long as deep. 28-29 scales in longitudinal series, 18-20 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral- 70 CYPRINODONTIDE. line pits. Pale yellowish brown, finely speckled with darker, especially on the borders of the scales; a fine blackish line runs along the side of the body ; fins greyish. Total length 47 millim. Nyasaland, Lake Rukwa, and Zululand. 1-8. Types. Fort Johnston. A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 9. Ad. Indukuduku, Zululand. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 32. HAPLOCHILUS MARNI. Haplochilus fasciolatus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 358 (1866), and Petherick’s Tray. ii. p. 258 (1869). Haplochilus marnoi, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxiii. i. 1881, p. 198; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 418, pl. Ixxix. fig. 8 (1907). Depth of body 43 to 52 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw feebly projecting; eye 3 to 34 times in length of head, 13 to 12 times in interorbital width; praorbital + diameter of eye. Haplochilus marni. Mongalla (F. N.). tle Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral about 3 length of head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded or obtusely pointed, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 18-20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Pale brown above, yellowish white beneath, with 9 to 12 dark brown or blackish oblique bands on each side of the body, directed downwards and forwards; two or three similar bands may be present on the caudal fin; dorsal and anal purplish or bluish grey, the latter sometimes with small crimson spots. Total length 42 millim. White Nile and Bahr-el-Gebel.—Types in Vienna Museum. HAPLOCHILUS. pli 1. One of the types of Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). H, fasciolatus. 2-3. Ad. Khor Barboy, White Nile. H. H. King, Esq. (P.). 4, Ad. L. No, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5. Ad. Mongalla, near Gondokoro. Dr. F. Werner (P.). 33. HAPLOCHILUS SENEGALENSIS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 559, pl. vii. fig. 2; Wolterstorff, Bl. Aq. Terr: 1913, p: 82; fig. Haplochilus petersii ?, Triber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 33, fig. Depth of body 4} to 53 times in total length, leneth of head 32 or dy times. Head flat above; snout as long as or a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, low jaw projecting ; eye 3} to 4 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; preeorbital barely + diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal, longest rays 4 to 2 length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral # length of head, extending to base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, equally distant from end Haplochilus senegalensis. Type, after Steindachner (J. c.). of snout and from root of caudal or a little nearer latter. Caudal rounded, slightly longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 26-29 scales in longitudinal series, 20—22 round middle of body. Pale olive, with carmine dots or with 10—12 oblique dark bars on the body, pointing downwards and forwards; a carmine or dark streak round the lower jaw; dorsal, anal, and caudal usually spotted with brown or purple, the spots forming oblique bars on the dorsal and anal and transverse bars on the caudal. Total length 50 miliim. Senegal to Old Calabar.—Type in Vienna Museum. 1-2. Her. Dubola, French Guinea. Dr. Klaptser (C.). 3-4. Her. N. Territory of Gold Coast. Dr. A. Ingram (P.). 5-10. Ad. & hgr. Gold Coast. Dr. W. Wolterstorff (P.). 11-12. Ad. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). “I bo CYPRINODONTID&. 34, HAPLOCHILUS ACUTICAUDATUS. Haplochilus senegalensis, var. acuticaudata, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvill, 1913, p. 84. Depth of body 4% to 5 times in total length, length of bead 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout as long as ora little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw feebly projecting; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal acuminate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Olive-brown above, yellow beneath, with about 10 oblique dark bars on each side. Total length 43 millim. Guidimoussi Pond, Lake Chad District.—Types in Paris Museum. 35. HAPLOCHILUS LONGIVENTRALIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 266. Haplochilus spilargyreus (non A, Dum.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 558, fig. Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout rounded, a little longer than eye; Haplochilus longiventralis. 3 2, types, Old Calabar. mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 53 to 32 times in length of head, 13 to 1? times in interorbital width ; preorbital barely + diameter of eye. Dorsal 8—9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal; longest rays 4 to # length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter 4 as long as head in females, much produced and at least as long as pectoral in adult males, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longer than head. Caudal HAPLOCHILUS. 73 peduncle as long as deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round middle of body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Pale brown above, yellowish beneath, with or without carmine dots; lower part of sides with numerous vertical or oblique dark brown or carmine narrow bars; some dark spots may be present on the dorsal and caudal fins. Total length 55 millim. Southern Nigeria. 1-6. Types. Swamps between Agwarba and Capt. R. D. Gard’ner (P.). Awka, L. Niger. 1-85, Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). os % Mouths of Niger. ” 10-11. Ad. rt i 36. HAPLOCHILUS MACROSTIGMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 268, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. 3, p. 22 (1912) ; Wolterstorff, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1913, p. 83, fig. Haplochilus senegalensis (non Steind.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 61, fig. ; Traber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 17, fig. Depth of body 44 to 43 times in total length, length of head 33 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed Fig. 60. Haplochilus macrostigma. Type. 4. upwards, lower jaw scarcely projecting ; eye 34 to 33 times in length of head, 14 to 1? times in interorbital width; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal; longest ray $ length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of 74 CYPRINODONTIDZ. pits. Yellowish or pale olive, with large crimson spots; fins greyish, dorsal, anal, and caudal with crimson spots. Total length 55 millim. Portuguese Congo ; mouth of Congo. 1. Type. Lucola R. near Cabinda. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 2. Ad. Luculla R., Chiloango. x 3-12. Ad. & her. Luali R. at Lundo. 5 13-16. Ad. Boma, Congo. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P2): 37. HAPLOCHILUS NIGRICANS. Bouleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. ii. 1913, p. 160. Depth of body 44 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3% to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 3% times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width ; preorbital about 1 diameter of eye. Dorsal 9, originating about twice as far from head Huplochilus nigricans. Type. 4. as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal, longest rays not much more than 3 length of head. Anal 15, longest rays $ length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending to base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, longer than head. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 28—29 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line absent or represented by a few pits. Dark brown, with traces of longitudinal series of red spots on the sides ; fins blackish. Total length 47 millim. Uelle River, Upper Cougo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Dungu. M. Hutereau (C.). -1 Or HAPLOCHILUS. 38. HAPLOCHILUS MULTIFASCIATUS. Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb. 1913, p. 43. Depth of body 5 to 5} times in total length, length of head 3} to 3% times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw scarcely projecting; eye 3} to 33 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; preorbital about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 8—9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior fourth of anal, longest rays about $ length of head. Anal 14-15, longest rays 2 to % length of head. Pectoral 3 length of head, just reaching base of ventral; ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, median rays sometimes produced, longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 29-30 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of feeble pits. Pale brownish, with 7 blackish vertical bars, two above the anal and two on the caudal peduncle; narrower bars sometimes present LHplochilus multifasciatus. Mypeny xls. between the principal ones ; two black bars across the chin; dorsal and caudal whitish, with small blackish spots; distal half of anal blackish, the bars of the body usually extending on its white basal half. Total length 45 millim. Kasai, Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1-6. Types. Kondue, Kasai. M. Ei. Luja (C.). 7-12. Ad. Be 39 x 39. HAPLOCHILUS GRAHAMI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 267. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye 3 to 33 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; preorbital barely 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating about twice as far from 76 CYPRINODONTIDZ&. occiput as from root of caudal, above posterior fourth of anal, longest rays $ to # length of head. Anal 15-16, longest rays 4 to ? length of head. Pectoral # length of head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, longer than head. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 28-50 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in Haplochilus grahami. d, type. 4 front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish or pale brownish, with or without small crimson spots ; 5 to 7 blackish vertical bars on the body, some reaching the back, some confined to the lower half of the body; a black blotch at the base of the caudal fin; fins greyish (yellow in life), caudal with small purplish-brown spots. Total length 53 millim. Southern Nigeria. 1-5. Types. Swamps near Lagos. Dr. W. M. Graham (P.). 6. Ad. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 7-8. Ad. W. Africa. Mr. E. Marré (P.). 40. HAPLOCHILUS BIFASCIATUS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxiii. i. 1881, p. 199; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 419, pl. Ixxix. fig. 9 (1907). Depth of body 4} to 52 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw scarcely projecting; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head, 1$ to 1% times in interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 6-7, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest ray = to ¢ length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, considerably longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in HAPLOCHILUS. 77 front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish brown, with two more or less distinct brown bands along each side, the upper extending from above the gill-cover to the caudal peduncle, the lower from the eye to the caudal; breeding male brilliantly coloured with red, purple, and blue; fins whitish, yellowish, or greyish, un- spotted or (male) with round red or orange spots on the caudal, the Haplochilus bifasciatus. Mongalla (F. N.). 4. lower edge of which may be blackish; anal and ventrals also edged with blackish in the male. Total length 45 millim. White Nile, Bahr-el-Seraf, and Bahr-el-Gebel.—Types in Vienna Museum. 1-3. Ad. Lake No. H. H. King, Esq. (P.). 4, Ad. Mongalla, near Gondokoro. Dr. F. Werner (P.). 41. HAPLOCHILUS CHEVALIERI. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1904, p. 222. Depth of body 4 to 4} times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head flat above; snout as long as or a little longer than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 3 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width. Dorsal 7-8, originating 3 times as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above antepenulti- mate ray of anal. Anal 13-14. Pectoral ? length of head, reaching base of ventral. Caudal pointed, median ray produced, longer than head. Caudal peduncle at least as deep as long. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive above, yellow on the sides and below; a dark line along the lower part of the sides and of the caudal peduncle; each scale on the sides with a carmine spot ; jaws edged with carmine; fins yellow, dorsal, anal, and caudal finely dotted with carmine. Total length 48 millim. Congo (Stanley Pool).—Types in Paris Museum. 78 CYPRINODONTID &. 42. HAPLOCHILUS SINGA. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 113, pl. xlvii. fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 346 (1901). Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 52 times. Tlead flat above; snout broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting a little; eye 34 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above last rays of anal, longest rays # length of head in male. Anal 14. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending a little beyond base of ventral; latter a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal forked, upper and lower rays produced in the male. Caudal peduncle hardly longer than deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 2() round body in front Fig. 65. : Haplochilus singa. 3, type (A. M. C.). of ventrals; lateral line represented by a series of pits. Olive-green, most of the scales with a carmine spot; fins greenish yellow, dorsal and caudal with series of carmine dots. Total length 45 millim. Congo.—-Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Ad. Boma. Dr. J. W. Todd (P.). 2-3. Ad. Lindi R. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 5. PROCATOPUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 20. Teeth unicuspid, in a band, outer largest. Lower jaw projecting a little beyond upper. Body strongly compressed throughout; scales rather large, smooth, exposed surface regularly hexagonal, more than twice as deep as long on the middle lateral series. Dorsal fin shorter and originating further back than anal; latter with 14-17 rays. Ventral fins far forward, almost below the base of the pectorals, which are inserted very high up the sides. Vertebre 29-30. A single species. PROCATOPUS. 79 1, PROCATOPUS NOTOTANTA. Bouleng. 1. ce. Body very strongly compressed, its depth equal to length of head and 3 to 3} times in total length; upper surface of head and anterior part of back quite flat. Snout as long as eye, the diameter of which is 3 to 34 times in length of head; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; interorbital width not quite half length of head; a long pointed fleshy process below the gill-cover, directed backwards. Dorsal 9-11, originating at equal distance from occiput and from root of caudal and above middle of base of anal; posterior ray longest, # to # length of head. Anal 14-17, longest rays, in third fourth, as long as head or a little shorter. Pectoral about 2 length of head. Ventral at least as Procatopus nototenia. Type. long as head, outer ray produced into a filament. Caudal truncate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-28 scales in a longitudinal series, 4 or 8 in a transverse series; no lateral line; exposed surface of scales regularly hexagonal, more than twice as deep as long on the middle lateral series. Pale yellowish olive above, yellowish white beneath; a bright yellow streak on each side of the back, from behind the superciliary edge to the base of the caudal fin, bordering the dorsal fin; an orange streak on the middle of the back, from the occiput to the origin of the dorsal fin; fins greyish, anal and caudal tinged with yellow at the base. Total length 48 millim. Cameroon to Lower Niger. 1-15. Types. Tributary of Lobi R., 8. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). Cameroon. 16-19. Ad. Kribi R., 8. Cameroon. 3 ' 20-29. Ad. & Cross R. district, Old Calabar. Major W. A. C. Cockburn (P.). her. 30, 31. Skels. £ zs ne ts 80 CYPRINODONTIDZ#. 32. Ad. Bendi District, Cross R., Old Major W. A.C. Cockburn (P.). Calabar. 33-34. Ad. & Asaba, Lower Niger. A. I. Kitson, Esq. (P.). her. 35. Her. River flowing into the Niger Major G. E. Bruce (P.). below Asaba. 6. LAMPRICHTHYS. Regan, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1911, p. 325. Mohanga, Bouleng. op. cit. viii. 1911, p. 261. Teeth unicuspid, unequal in size, forming a band which is exposed when the mouth is closed. Upper jaw projecting a little beyond lower. Body strongly compressed throughout; scales moderately large, finely ctenoid. Dorsal much shorter than anal, which is produced far forward and contains 27-30) rays. Pectorals inserted rather high up. Ventrals a short distance behind vertical of base of pectorals. Vertebre 41. A single species. 1. LAMPRICHTHYS TANGANICANUS. Haplochilus tanyanicanus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 25, pl. vi. fig. 3, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 347 (1901) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cxx. i. 1911, p- 1181. Mohanga tanganicana, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 261. Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length, length of head 44 to 5 times. Snout rounded, as long as or slightly shorter than eye, which Fig. 67. Lamprichthys tanganicanus. Mpala. is 3 to 33 times in length of head and 14 to 14 times in interorbital width; preorbital about $ diameter of eye, covered with strongly ctenoid scales. Dorsal 13-16, originating at equal distance from head LAMPRICHTHYS.—SYNGNATHIDA. St or occiput and from root of caudal, above anterior third or middle of anal; posterior rays longest, } to # length of head. Anal 27-30, posterior rays longest. Pectoral # to + length of head. Ventrals rather small, twice as distant from end of snout as from root of caudal. Caudal feebly emarginate, basal half or two-fifths scaly. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 40-45 scales in longitudinal series, 10-11 in transverse series; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive above, silvery white beneath; uniform or each scale bearing a bluish spot ; a more or less distinct dark lateral band; fins greyish. Total length 135 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. Mbity. Prof. J. &. 8. Moore (C.). 2-4. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). d. Ad. Moliro. 6-10. Ad. Mpala. 11. Skel. i - U2, Ael. Tulo. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). Suborder VII: LOPHOBRANCHIL Iighly aberrant Teleosts with the body protected by bony rings or star-like ossifications. Air-bladder without pneumatic duct. Parietal bones absent. Gulls not laminated, but composed of small rounded lobes, borne by slender and feebly ossified arches; only one or two branchiostegal rays. The three anterior vertebre immoyably joined together. Ventral fins abdominal, if present. Fam. 1. SYNGNATEHIDA. Bony armour in the form of rings. Anterior vertebre not elongate ; parapophyses strong, ankylosed to the exoskeleton. Snout tubiform ; mouth small, toothless. Gull-opening very small. ) * In the case of this and other widely distribuied species, not confined to fresh waters, only the African specimens in the Collection are enumerated here. (Tas) Or KUHLIA. 2. KUHLIA TAINIURA. Dules teniurus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 114 (1829) ; Bliek. Verh. Batay Gen. xxii. 1849, Pere. p. 49; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 267 (1859) ; Kner, Novara, Fische, p. 47 (1865). Perca argentea, Benn. Fish. Ceylon, pl. xxii. (1830). Dules bennetti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1855, p. 432 ; Ginth. t. ce. p. 270. Dules argenteus, Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 62; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 25, pl. xix. fig. C (1873) ; Day, Fish. Ind. p 67, pl. xviii. fig. 2 (1875) ; Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) ix. 1894, p. 217. Paradules teniurus, Bleck. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. 1871, p. 139. Moronopsis teniurus, Bleek, Arch. Néer]. vii. 1872, p. 74, and Atl. Ichthyol. vii. p- 119, pl. ecexlv. fio. 5 (1876). Aforonopsis argenteus, Klunz. Fische Roth. Meer. p. 25 (1884). Kuhlia arge, Jord. & Bollm. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889, p. 159; Jord. & Higenm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. viii. 1890, p. 419. Kuhlia teniura, Jord. & Bollm. 1. c.; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 39 (1895) ; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. xxiii. 1905, p. 202, fig. ; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1913, p. 381. Kuhlia sternechit, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cvii. i. 1898, p. 461, pl. —. Depth of body 2? to 3 times in total length, length of head 3} to 2 33 times. Snout 3 diameter of eye, which is 23 to 5} times in length ot SS SSS RSs Kuhlia teniura. Mauritius. 2. head and equals interorbital width ; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye, the width of its distal extremity } to 3 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with 96 CENTRARCHIDZ, large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of properculum finely denticulated ; lower opercular spine long. 23 to 26 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X 9-11, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth or fourth and fifth spines longest, 2 to 3 length of head, longer than anterior soft rays; tenth spine as long as or longer than ninth, as long as third or shorter. Anal III 10-11, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from caudal; third spine a little longer than second, as long as tenth dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, median rays $ to 2 length of outer. Scales 40— 09 qq Silvery, bluish grey on the back ; top of soft dorsal blackish ; caudal with five black bands, one along the middle rays and two pairs converging posteriorly ; young with a dark streak on each side of the back, below the base of the dorsal. Total length 200 millim. East Africa, Islands of Indian and Tropical Pacific Oceans, New South Wales.—Type in Paris Museum, 1-2. Her. Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour (C.). 3-5. Ye Mombasa. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). 6. Yg. Zanzibar. Nir J. Kark (C.). 7. Ad. Seychelles. S. Ward, Esq. (P.). 8-9. Her. Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres (C.). 10. Her. S. Africa ? Sir A. Smith (P.). 11. Ad. Mauritius. Royal College of Surgeons. 3. KUHLIA MALO. Dules malo, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vii. p. 479 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p: 270 (1859). Dules mato, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool. ii. p. 223 (1831); H. W. Fowler, Proe. Ac. Philad. lyiii. 1906, p. 512. Dules marginatus, part., Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 24 (1873). Moronopsis argenteus, var. sandvicensis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxiv. i. 1876, p. 205. Dules humilis, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W. ix. 1884, p. 396. Moronopsis sandvicensis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xevi. i. 1887, p. 56, pl. 1. fig. 1. Kuhlia malo, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. 1. p. 40 (1895) ; Steind. Denksehr. Ak. Wien, xx. 1900, p.483; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm, xxiii. 1905, p. 207. Dules marginatus boninensis, H. W. Fowler, t. c. p. 510, fig. Kuhhia humilis, Douglas Ogilby, Ann. Queensl. Mus. x. 1911, p. 46, pl. vi. fig. 1; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 380, fig. KUHLIA. 97 Kuhha proxima, Kendall & Goldsbor. Mem, Mus. Comp. Zool. xxvi. 1911, p. 282, pl. iii, fig. 2. Kuhlia sandvicensis, Kendall & Radel. op. cit. xxxv. 1912, p. 106; Regan, t. ¢ p. 381. Kuhlia splendens, Regan, t. ce. p. 379, fig.* Depth of body 24 to 34 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Snout } to 3 diameter of eye, which is 23 to 3 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 times in length ot head; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye, the width of its distal extremity } to 4 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of Kuhlia malo. Rodriguez. preeoperculum finely denticulated; lower opercular spine strong. 25 to 28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch f. Dorsal X 11, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth or fourth and fifth spines longest, 4 to } length of head, as long as or a little longer than anterior soft rays; tenth spine longer than ninth, as long as or a little shorter than third. Anal III 11-12, much longer than its distance from the caudal ; * Jn the only specimen in which the caudal fin is intact, the median rays measure 12 millim. and the longest 28, exactly in the same proportion as in the type of K. boninensis figured by Fowler. f 21 in the type of K. boninensis (fide Fowler) which otherwise agrees very closely with our specimen from Rodriguez. VOL. III. H 98 CENTRARCHID&. third spine as long as or a little shorter or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, median rays % to a little less than 4 length of outer. Scales 50-56 = fe Silvery, back darker; caudal with blackish posterior edge. Total length 235 millim. Islands of the Indian and Tropical Pacific Oceans, and Queensland.— No type in existence, the species being founded on a drawing of a specimen from fresh-waters of Tahiti f. 1-2, 3. Types of K. Rodriguez, fresh water. G. Gulliver, Esq. (P.). splendens. 4, Skel. ia Bs 5s 5. Type of K. splendens. Mauritius. Chatham Museum. 6. Ad., stffd. S. Africa (?). Sir A. Smith (P.). 4, KUHLIA CAUDOVITTATA. Holocentrus caudavittatus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. pp. 332 & 367 (1802). Dules caudavittatus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 117 (1829), and vii. p. 475 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 267 (1859) ; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p- 151, pl. xviii. fig. 3 (1891). Kuhha caudovittata, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 41 (1895) ; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 379. Kuhlia boninensis (non Fowler), Regan, t. c. p. 378. Depth of body 22 tc 3 times in total length, length of head 5% to 4 times. Length of snout 2 diameter of eye, which is 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; iower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye, the width of its distal extremity nearly 4 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of preoperculum finely denticulated ; lower opercular spine strong. 25 to 28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch {. Dorsal X 11-13 §, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth spine longest, $ to 3 length of head, longer than * 4 scales from sheath at base of spinous dorsal to lateral line in the specimens here recorded, 4 to 6 in specimens from the Sandwich Islands. t+ The identification of Dules malo will ever be a matter of uncertainty, but I cannot follow Kendall and Goldsborough in transferring the name to a fish with large black spots. t 27 in the specimen from Tahiti preserved in the Museum. § The statement in the original description that 14 soft rays are present in the dorsal is no doubt due to the last being split to the base and reckoned as two, according to the custom of early ichthyologists. The specimens from Mauritius which I haye examined in the Paris Museum have not more than 13. KUHLIA.—POLYCENTROPSIS. 99 anterior soft rays; tenth spine not or but very slightly longer than ninth. Anal IIT 12-13, longer than its distance from caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, middle rays not more than 2 length of outer. Scales 52-55 — Silvery, bluish grey on the back; caudal black-edged and with an angular blackish band within the border. Total length 190 millim. Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Society Islands, and probably other islands in the South Pacific.—Type believed to he lost. Family 2, NANDIDE. Perciform fishes with the suborbitals not produced into a subocular lamina, with teeth on the palate, no entopterygoid, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 6 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed ; soft portion of dorsal not more developed than anal; latter with 3 or more spines. Precaudal vertebre with transverse processes from the seventh or eighth; ribs mostly sessile, behind the transverse processes. Fresh waters of West Africa, South-Hastern Asia, and South America. 1. POLYCENTROPSIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 8. Body short, elevated, very strongly compressed; scales moderately large, ciliated ; lateral line incomplete, reduced to a few tubes. Mouth large, extremely protractile, the ascending processes of the pre- maxillaries extremely long and extending to the occipital region ; villiform bands of very small teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and on the palatines; anterior nostril tubular; head for the greater part covered with scales; przeorbital, preeoperculum, and interoperculum serrated ; operculum ending in a spine. No pseudobranchie. Dorsal and anal fins nearly equally developed, with scaly sheath at the base, the former with 15 to 17, the latter with 9 to 12 strong spines, the soft portion much reduced. Ventrals below the pectorals, close together, with a strong spine. Vertebre 23 (10+13). West Africa, 100 NANDIDZ. 1. POLYCENTROPSIS ABBREVIATA. Bouleng. 1. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 2; Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 34. Depth of body twice in total length, length of head 23 to 24 times. Snout acutely pointed, chin projecting ; eye as long as or a little longer than snout or interorbital width, nearly 3 to 34 times in length of head; maxillary extending to below centre or posterior third of eye; 6 to 9 series of scales on the cheek. 9 to 11 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, shorter than gill-lamine. Dorsal XV—XVII 9-11; spines increasing in length to the fourth or fifth and decreasing from the seveuth or eighth, longest + length of head and a little longer than soft rays. Anal IX—XII 8-9. Pectoral 4 length of head. Ventral longer, produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal Polycentropsis abbreviata. Type (P. Z. S. 1901). truncate. Caudal peduncle extremely short. Scales 31-35 en ; lateral line 4-6. Pinkish brown, uniform or marbled with darker; spinous dorsal and anal dark brown, with darker and lighter spots and edged with black ; ventrals blackish; soft dorsal and anal, and caudal white, blackish, edged with pink, at the base. Total length 80 millim. Lagos, Niger, Ogowe. 1. Type. Mouth of Ethiop R., Niger Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Delta. 2. Skel. Ny ooo Ge eh a 0. oc CHE Sram, Jollee pe co Teeth in a single series, rather large, unequal in size, few (20 in upper jaw), with swollen bases and short slightly notched crowns ; dorsal with 18 spines . . . . . . . 36. Perissodus, Blgr., p. 497. 2. Teeth neither curved nor compressed. Tceth in several series, with obtuse or rounded crowns ; dorsal with 15 spines . . . . 37. Chilotilapia, Bler., p. 498. 3. Teeth with strongly curved, compressed crowns. Teeth in two series, 50-54 in outer series of upper jaw ; dorsal with 15-16 spines . . 38. Schubotzia, Bler., p. 500. Teeth ina single series, 34-46 in upper jaw, feebly grooved in front; dorsal with 16- ATES IeSE Paoli i) (