iAH NED inG Hi) See Ba fale ii BAN Ss See 35 SES 5 oer RTT tet eat ROM 4) Mss fet; ; Eee siteirine ia? ani Mead I tat A Yerba Pet bee eas} "eh Pat al gece. Santee” anny t a TOR a a raga "i eit i f asia ee Wits RMN IMI raat papinete ate Cat) Pah 5H}) yf = Ret SST ae > t3E51 axe See aia eae i ’ i , 0) i eerie SRS: Saag eT te ihe a ptt: - bd ‘ Y “f tue 7 = : a 7 od : a ae : s é roa is : 7 ' — - g 7 = Yr re ey ae - . " . a _ = a a!" Sa - 7 DIVISIon OF Fisurs U.g, NATIONAL MUSEUM per CATALOGUE OF THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF AFRICA IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). VOLUME Ill. BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER, F.R.S. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, & Co., 59 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.O. ; B. QUARITCH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W.; DULAU & Co., Lrp., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ; THE MIDLAND EDUOATIONAL Co., Lrp., 41 & 48 CORPORATION STREET, BIRMINGHAM ; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) CROMWELL ROAD, S.W. 11S. [All rights reserved. | REPRINTED 1964 BY PERMISSION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM BY WHELDON & WESLEY, LTD. anp VERLAG J. CRAMER CODICOTE/HERTS. WEINHEIM/BERGSTR. PRINTED IN GERMANY PREFACE ug ON OP aes. ce vad > a os. In marked contrast with its predecessor, Volume III. of the present Catalogue includes a considerable number of Families, belonging to the Suborders Symbranchii, Apodes, Haplomi, Scombresoces, Lophobranchii, and Acanthopterygii. Most of these groups are but slightly repre- sented in the African Fresh-water Fauna. The Scombresoces, however, include the Family Cyprinodontide, and therefore comprise a con- siderable number of African species. The account of the Acantho- pterygii begins with a few Families which do not require much space for their treatment, and then proceeds to the description of the Cichlide, the importance of which in the area considered is indicated by the fact that this Family occupies nearly three quarters of the Volume. The rapid growth of our knowledge of the subject has been mainly responsible for the increase in length of this Catalogue beyond the limits originally intended, As explained by the author in his Intro- duction, several Families of Fishes are held over for a fourth Volume, which will also contain addenda and a general Index, and is expected to complete the work. The services rendered by donors and others have been as important in making the preparation of the present Volume possible as in con- nexion with its predecessors, and equally deserve cordial recognition. SIDNEY F. HARMER, Keeper of Zoology. British Musnum (Narurat History), Lonpon. March, 1915, 7) ‘oo atytes 6 ty! pale aud. oo or hae 4 21st "ie 7 : it Lia WN ; ; a lel eri Cees ut Peeraee | “tt an eri iy ‘jy OPaays =< ' wuriey dae a i] [ 4 GSS — on Hho Pe (cr vere Let gl a) A hyetealg ifs vom ol? aktkallt Ami ee on) A) Caley ae a i Z eae ‘ ve | INTRODUCTION. As originally planned, this Catalogue was to have been completed in three volumes; but the additions whilst its preparation was in progress have been so numerous that the last families of Acanthopterygii together with the small Suborders Opisthomi and Plectognathi, must stand over for a fourth volume, which will also include addenda to the other parts and an amalgamated alphabetical index to the whole work. This volume contains descriptions of 394 species and the enumeration of 4428 specimens. Of these 394 species, only 45 are unrepresented in the Collection. The bulk of the volume is taken up by the Perciform Fishes of the family Cichlide, our knowledge of which has been so enormously increased within the past quarter of a century. Of the 285 African species regarded as well established, 221 have been described since 1890, viz., 93 between 1891 and 1900, 81 between 1901 and 1910, and 47 between 1911 and 1914. G. A. BOULENGER. ZoOLoGicaAL DEPARTMENT, British Muserm, 27th February, 1915. ry tir 7 7 * 4,1 ; wel (hy 2c = Ae g a EP La oe *Oi¢ F198 DRE ya -— 7 Di a a1% ; € ae i=i} — os > é , z “Fe Ml ae _ eas )(*Raen © ae Th Aal 4 hed. Bare - Wat ji dea ae I : ——_ - Raub ace es cea 7 Sia! - Te - ~ SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Subord. III]. SymMBRANCHII. Fam. 1. SYMBRANCHIDA. . Symbranchus, Bl. ............ daiers Dlgre s acle's ste oe von» Subord. IV. APODEs. Fam. 1. ANGUILLID2. . Anguilla, Shaw ..... 1. vulgaris, Z'urt. 2. mossambica, Peters 3. bengalensis, Gray ........ 4. australis, Rich. .......... . Sphagebranchus, Bl. .......... 1. cephalopeltis, Blkr. Subord. V. HaPpLomt. Fam. 1. GALAXIID2, pS CMAXIAS, CUls’ 5 os os. es 1. zebratus, Casteln. ..... 2. punctifer, Casteln......... Subord. VI. ScOMBRESOCES. Fam. 1. SCOMBRESOCID2. ; Hemirhamphus, Cuv........... Detar, Orsi oc. 2 aun . Zenarchopterus, Gill ........ Ie Gispans©, GiVawcgsctsnsr:..& Fam. 2. CyPRINODONTID#. . Cyprinodon, Lacep. 1. fasciatus, Val. Wah whe LeLe hele, 0 fe Page I 2 12 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 18 1. Cyprinodon (con.), 2, dispar, Kipp. ve... ssh so oF 1DOruss Or GV forte ane 2. Tellia, Gerv. 1. apoda, Gerv. 3. Fundulus, Lacep. . bivittatus, Zénnb. ........ . loennbergii, Blgr, ........ . gardneri, Blgr. . . Spurrelli, Blgr. ........ ces = DALCSI, BlGr aces ars whee . gularis, Blgr............. » BPNOldL, Bgl. 26 64.05. + 2 Te Fowoeomomonrnaoaanr WO WD KF Ce 0 i0) 06 6 Oe 0 0 8 8 G6 ei <@. 0) 16 0 (0 oe) 6: “0 . palmquistii, Zénnd. . walkeri, Blgr . orthonotus, Peters . melanospilus, Pfeff. 12. neumanni, Hilg Coe eee e ee seve ©. 0: 1 (0:0, 6:6, ie ee ee oe 13. guentheri, Pep... .. «0+. 14, teniopygus, Hilg. 15. sjoestedti, Lénnb. 16. microlepis, Vincig O03 's; e:ete)ie) ike PY. MISOTIUS, (C008 cas oie jeecs we as 18. capensis, Garm 4, Haplochilus, McClell. 1. antinorii, Vineig. Oe, CeO fee «2,6 © 5 DY ADOS, BLOM: a: ou cepe ne. cee . pumilus, Blgr. . christyi, Blgr. . cameronensis, Bly, One "6,6" une, 0, 6 Jere . liberiensis, Blgr. 2 3 4 5. ferranti, Blgr. 6 ff 8 s TUR, BLgI es. wks seanwads oe Page 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 — 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 37 38 39 39 39 40 44 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Vill 4. Haplochilus (con.). Page 9. homalonotus, A. Dum. .... 50 10. nuchimaculatus, Guichen. .. 50 Tt; play tari, Gai: 6s nes wae 51 12. fasciolatus, Gthr. .....6.. 52 IS. sansorpn, Blgr. 2... sate ess 53 14, sexfasciatus, Gill .........° 54 15, chaperi, Sauvor oy. ays te. 56 16. decorsii, Pellegr. ........ 57 175 CXIQUOS, BGR iw vais ssa 57 18. elegans, Blgr66s 009 s8a has 58 19. pebersit, SAIS” wxa.eswsae 59 20. calliurus, Blotocss is 600 as 59 21. striatus, Blgi... 6 ssunecss 60 22. spilauchen, 4. Dum. ...... 61 23. hutereaul, Blgr. sais ina hoot 63 ot, loati, Bigr. i. sea eau dare 63 25, Kanon, Bg Pane ita esd 64 26. schoelleri, Blgr........... 65 27. moeruensis, Blyr. ........ 66 28. macrurns, Blgr. «2. sxsw as 67 29. katange, Big. ...5i. 2x os 67 30. cabinde, Bly. .......... 68 31. johnstonii, Gthr, ........ 69 O2. mari, Sidr. sscteases « as 70 33. senegalensis, Stdr......... Th 34. acuticaudatus, Pellegr. .... 72 35. longiventralis, Blgr. ...... 72 36. macrostigma, Blgr......... 73 37. nigricans, Blgr. ......---- 74 38. multifasciatus, Blgr. ...... 75 30; grahami, Blgrs ©. o.0.96% &: 75 40. bifasciatus, Stdr. ........ 76 41. chevalieri, Pellegr......... 77 AQ. smipe, Blois, - xcs sa sw 2%,e 78 5. Procatopus, Blgr. ...........5 78 1. nototenia, Blgr........... 79 6. Lamprichthys, Regan ........ 80 1, tanganicanus, Blyr. ...... 80 Subord. VII. LoPHOBRANCHIIL. Fam. 1. SYNGNATHIDS. 1. Belonichthys, Peters .......... 82 1. zambesensis, Peters ...... 82 2, Doryichthys, Kaup v.......5. 88 l, smithi, A. Dum. ....... 88 3. Coelonotus, Peters 4, Syngnathus, Art. 1. argulus, Peters 2. liaspie, Bll. o. 5 onceccete ee e 6 6 ow ee 8 «ie ee 1. kaupi, Blkr. 2. ansorgii, Blgr. 3. pulchellus, Blgr. 4. algeriensis, Playf. ........ 6; 0:08) <0) oro. 8 8) 0) Bene ee «8 0 6 me ©0050) 6:0? ale ter ieshel ae 88 88 Subord. VIII. AcANTHOPTERYGIIL. Fam. 1. CENTRARCHID. L. Kohhte, Gill ...03 pede cia eee 92 1. rupestris, Lacep........... 98 2. teniura, C1. G Vi. viene 95 B. malosiC: davee:.; 0... aee ae 96 4. caudovittata, Lacep. ...... 98 Fam, 2. Nanpipz. 1. Polycentropsis, Bigr. .. 2.1... 99 1. abbreviata, Blgr. 2200 Fam. 3. SERRANIDE. L. Morone, rich! 4.2 101 1. labrak, 2. 235. Fee ee 102 2. ‘punctate, Bl. i oy . 103 2, Lates, Co & Fc fh PA 105 ls milotiens, Leith ace ee ae 105 2. microlepis, Blgr. ........ 108 3. angustifrons, Blgr......... 109 &. luuciolates, Blorie waxes cone as oe 110 I. stappersil, Blige... is o.ca.8 110 2. DreviOl Bigrs 4s 4.0 POs shows 1 4, Ambassien C. ao Va7.1.08 4 weiewte li 1. commersonii, C. g V. » ta2 5; ‘Therapon, Cut) «2:5 <.2ia aoe 113 J. jarbua, Mors. o. 0s och oas 113 Fam, 4. Scrmyip®. I Comvita, Cuea casos -ca-va neon cee 115 lL. nigrita, C..¢ Pecnieee ewe 116 2. Otolithus, Crew... ieee. fy DET 1. senegalensis, C. g- V....... 118 2. macrognathus, Blkr. ...... 119 Fam. 5, Scorprpip£, Li. Psottus, GC & Fae ie essa 119 1. faleiformis,. Lacepi i834 120 SYSTEM.:TIC INDEX. ix . Psettus (con.). Page SZ Largontenssle!. scons. ss 121 By sebR; Cade Vaeweirate... 123 Fam. 6, PRISTIPOMATIDA. SeEristipomay Cut ays ..c'ls'o'on os as 125 Le jabelini, Cig Ve eee, 54 126 peDiagramima, Quoresonc velit: «'s 127 is griseum, (6. Vateeriins ak. 128 2. macrolepis, Blgr. ........ 129 PMOtoperca cBlgn. saa lie ee. < 130 Dp aunitay CagrVew :iiseie ey 0 130 Fam. 7. Sparipz. OPALUS li swiiew Seah. gieeteenye ee 132 DR VAOUS: LP eter ses RRR. 132 Fam. 8. CIcHLIDs. Melilapian cA. Smith por wcuterive...% 138 Tey hunterissGehr xe ains. 8 149 2.. shirana,, Blgrs,..6seso2% ute, ADE eV GIO TAS GLI. Py Nota) Pets oA te 152 4. kafuensis, Blgr........... 153 5. mossambica, Peters........ 154 Gr VOrax, Pei i hs sry wieeiia ne) 156 7. natalensis, M. Web. ...... 157 8; linnelli: Lénnbovccn. aisaloe<: 159 9; macrochir, Blgrs .%).02 .!. .« 160 HO: milotiea 1L.cacniceassor. 4 162 11. eduardiana, Blgr. ........ 166 125, variabilisy Blige i¢.:3t wit. 's 167 AS ealiles, Arter. sqscartet @ 169 14. andersonii, Casteln. ...... 171 15. heudeloti, A. Dum. ...... 173 16. multifasciata, Gthr. 175 17. macrocephala, Blkr. ...... 176 18. ngomensis, Pellegr. ...... 178 19: have, Pellegr. tears cdiet 52 178 20. auromarginata, Blyr....... 180 ZL lepidura, Blog. ise seve ot 181 22. boulengeri, Pellegr. ...... 182 23. squamipinnis, Gthr. ...... 183 24. Collet, Bigri\’. vials. «if 184 Bee TARTID, Blain ty, «ats ipersi seis «A 186 26.. manyare, Mile.) : 2.0% 0.1187 27. amphimelas, //ily. ........ 188 28. alealicay Bilgci.. saciio ec 188 VO. VWI. 1. Tilapia (con.). Page 29: dubia Hound OTe it ee 1389 39, melanopleura, A. Dum..... 190 olicmockiFelleqre soe MOR.) 194 SZ CabreBlgrMeny aout es che ae 194 33. brevimanus, Blyr. ........ 196 SH cil Gere Gane eos. 22 197 35. kottee, Lonnd.......... 232200 36. guineensis, Blkr. ........ 201 372 tholloni, Sauwih oes 202 38. \christyi, Blgr? @isvite es. 204 39. bilineata, Pellegr. ........ 204 40; crassa,.PellegrivueiVroee..°. 205 41. sparrmani, A. Smith ...... 206 42: ovalis; Sidrue.Aoseeee, 208 43. steindachneri, Blgr. ...... 209 44;porcivali, Blgr sei. ee 210 45. grahami, Blgris oe. os 211 46. woosnami, Blgr. ........ 212 47s jal Blgritcm is Mot ee ce 213 48. humilis, (Starssee aes 213 49. buettikoferi, Hubr......... 214 50. fasciata, Perugia ........ 215 51. burton, Guin, YOST, 217 52. acuticeps, Sidr. .......... 218 53. swynnertoni, Blgr. ...... 219 54. adolphi-frederici, Blgr..... 220 55. giardi, Pellégrs 220722093 221 56. fuellebornii, Hily.g Pappenh. 222 57. calliptera, Gthr........... 222 58) luculla,cBlgr. FOU PIO =* 224 59. williamsii, Gthr........... 225 60. stigmatogenys, Blyr....... 226 Gls storms, Bigr, M22 3 227 62. hori, Gthr. 0.5. a . 228 63. perrierl,, Pellegr. 00. PSs... 229 64. huwilior Blgr> «22222 230 65. pallida; Bigry. 3 fee. e: 231 66. pappenheimi, Blyr. ...... 232 67.. lacrimosa; Blgr. 2.2.05... 234 63. nubila, Blane eek oe 235 69. pectoralis, Pfef. .... 6... 237 70. macrops, Bigr:. Pe Pee). 238 fi. Martini,wbigr. slo ee tt 239 72. bayoni; Bigr, 2.2.2.5... 240 73. nigricans, Bier. 2200. 241 T+. simotes, Bly. 242 b x SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 1. Tilapia (con.). Page | 10. Haplochromis (con.). Page 75. livingstonil, Blyr. .. ..... 243 5. jeanneli, Pellegr. ........ 291 16, Zebra BOs seu teslssephetetspece ahh 244 6. angustifrons, Blgr. ...... 292 Ub BUEN, BGR te. 23sec a 2% 246 7. igshmaneli, Bilge.” sna iter 293 78. polycanthus, Blgr......... 247 8. robertiMPellegr: 4.09. en. 295 79. pleurotenia, Blyr......... 247 9. stanloyi, Blgriits. aise 295 80. johnstonii, Gihr. ........ 249 10. percoides; Bigr., .isjxih2. 22 296 81. tetrastigma, Gthr......... 250 ll. graven, Blynal? cere 298 SZ) Kkit, (Gtirk. crcacnidh aun ool 12, strigigena, Pfeff. «asin... 209 83. lateristriga, Gihr. ........ 2538 13, moffati, Cdsteln.is2csec. 300 84. lethrinus, Gthr........... 254 14. desfontainesii, Lacep. .... 302 85. rostrata, Blgr. .......... 255 15. alluaudi, Petlegr > w.cunne 305 86. dardennii, Blgr....... ao 16. moeruensis, Blgr. ........ 307 87. oligacanthus, Blir... ..... 258 11, ParatilapiasBuery 4:08 Soe 308 88. betsileana, Blgr.- ....«... 259 1. polleni, Bier... .. .... eels 89. microphthalma, Blgr. .... 261 2. cerasogaster, Blyr......... 316 D0. brevis Blgre is ha aoe nuk: 262 3. macrocephala, Blyr. ...... 317 91. inornata, Blgr. 6.0 see 50 os 263 4. PeStrl, BGT. cMowtss enya 318 92. trematocephala, Blgr. .... 264 5. longimanus, Bljr. . 5. ange 319 Doe DOOPS AOIGT sw aGe Masten ke 265 6. angusticeps, Blyr. ........ 320 94. grandoculis, Blgr. ........ 266 7. parvidens, Bligh: : chegias. on 322 2. Petrochromis, Bigr. ...° 2.4... 267 8, pfeffert, Bigr.to.sae eek oe 323 1, tanganice, Gihr. ........ 268 9. dsmeusil, Blyr..cacu.%. Wa 24 2. andersonii, Blgr. ........ 269 10,. afra, Gihns s cu etieane 325 3, polyodon; Blore 22s sais vs 270 11. modesta, Gthr. ..... J, tao26 AS WY ASD BGiviscias oaensiacta 272 12. toddi, Blgria) a) Auhiegeee 327 5. fasciolatus, Blgr. ........ 273 13. thumbergii, Casteln. ...... 328 3. Cunningtonia, Blgr. .......... 273 1+. vittata, Blgr.. ..i.aoataate a 330 1. longiventralis, Blyr. ...... 273 15. compressiceps, Blyr. ...... 331 4, Simochromis, Blgr: 26.22% 274 16. longirostris, Hilg. ........ 332 1, diagramma, Gthr. ........ 275 7+, prognatha, Pellegr. <2 9.0. 3 333 Sai lropheus:, Biotic.) seceus om oe 276 18. serranws; 2 feff.o. ine ee 334 tS MOOrn, Blots, canes. canst 276 19. guiarti, Pellegr. .......... 336 2. annectens, Blyr. ........ 278 20. bayoni, Blgr. +... ues. eSod 6. Asprotilapia, Bigr............. 278 21.-chilotes; Bloriww< 158 48338 1. leptura, Big. 2.6: 6650005 279 22. pectoralis, Blgr........... 339 7. Lobochilotes, Blgr. .......... 280 23. maculipinna, Pellegr....... 341 1. labiatus, Blgr. .......... 280 24. victoriana, Pellegr......... 341 8. Docimodus, Blgr. ............ 281 25.. granti, Bigr™. (e.S0r eR ae ote 1. johnstonii, Blgr. ........ 282 26. ‘eimerea, Bigs a ee ee 344 9. Steatucranus, Blgr. .......... 283 27. crassilabris, Blgr. ........ 345 1. gibbiceps, Blgr. .......... 283 28.. bicolor, Blgr 4. ee 346 10. Haplochromis, Pfeff........... 284 29. retrodens, Halgins aie8 2 347 1. livingstonii, Gidr. ........ 286 30.. polyodon, .Blgnisy shite: o% 349 2. Venustus, Blows. ssasse se 287 31. dorsalis, Pellegr. eres “350 3. schubotzi, Blgr........... 288 32. luebberti; Brlgi si: Jas cs 350 4. nuchisquamulatus, Hily. .. 290 Y we) . corbali, Blgat si. aeeeerem a Jal SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 11. Paratilapia (con.). Page 34. codringtoni, Blgr......... 352 36; carlotte, Blort. one. ss 353 36. pibbiceps, Bigrieey sa. 354 87. frederici, Casteln. ........ 355 38. smith Casteingot) W222 357 39, mellandiy Bigrs Pees os. 358 40. nototenia, Blgr. +. OOD 41. dimidiata, Gthr. . 360 AQ; -rhoadesii; *Bligrs iis P2100% «ys 361 43. chrysonota, Blgr. ..... .. 362 44, intermedia, Gthr. ........ 363 45. schwebischi, Sawv. ...... 365 46. ventralis, Blgrims Woes. oF. 365 47. dewindti, Blyr. .... . 367 48> furcifera, Blgr. 6.0 k 8 ond. 368 49. stenosoma, Blyr. ........ 369 50.- microlepis; Blgry 0). 2 0 370 5l.Jeptosvina, Bigrs go 28NP: 372 52. nigripinnis, Blgr. ........ 373 dd. calliuras Bligh ).. 1 See 374 12. Nannochromis, Pellegr......... 375 1. nudiceps, Blgr. .. . 375 2. dimidiatus, Pellegr. ...... 376 3. squamiceps, Blyr. ...... «376 13. Pelmatochromis, Stdr. ........ 377 Dv polylepiss.Bigry 2.222 Rae. 382 Qoajentinkh “Starks soc weet 383 3: Jateralis;, Blors 2.02. ee 385 AMCONPICUB,-DIGH.' “s, aeS 00 es: ot 386 5. guentheri, Sawv. ........ 388 Gssrepgant, Pellegr se... se 390 7. buettikoferi, Sidr. ........ 390 Savocelliter, Bigr we >. SO ot 391 9. nigrofasciatus, Pelleyr. .... 393 10. caudifasciatus, Blyr. 22... 394 ii. donpirostris;, Blgt... ie saa 395 12. boulengeri, Lénnd. ...... 396 13. welwitschii, Blyr. ........ 397 14. kingsleyte, Blgrs. ..s0<+.. 398 15. subocellatus, Gthr. ...... 399 l6itkribensis; Blgrs 20925. 80: 400 A jeuteemiatusDlgr. ..0-e tes 401 iSapulcher, lye, 8a. eict ys 402 TOsmarnoldi, Blogs. tos .:2 woe'e ss 404 20. annectens, Blyr. ........ 405 13. 14. 15. 16. 20. 21. to to . Cyrtocara, Blgr. . Stappersia, Blgr. Pelmatochromis (con.). 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Zhe 28. 29. 30. 31. 22, 33. 34. 35. 36. pleurospilus, Blgr........- 37. rhodostigma, Blgr. Platyteeniodus, Blgr..........-. 1. degeni, Bigri Hemichromis, Peters ansorgu, Blgr. multidens, Pellegr......... angolensis, Std7. multiocellatus, Blyr....... ©) ea’ ble) 0, (6) orto darlingi, Blyr. riponianus, Blgr. .......- microdon, Blgi...... obesusSBlon:tsheie i -f- auritnespBlgnd sisters veserackenat Spekil, (Blgra 4ihecirt Ze flavipinnis, Blyr. ......-- cavifrons MHipineriseed «2 - frontosus, Blonnaswtses e- macrops, Blgr. .-....-.-- stappersii, Blgr.........-- Cue. eyes e hel 110 16,0, tere eleleie ee + eeLe © ‘srie] elese,e 2 ere 1. fasciatus, Peters 2. bimaculatus, Gill Champsochromis, Blgr. 1.. cwrulous,:Blotinccedand- 2: Oath) USL) 2: longiceps;, Gthrs stasis =.2- BF C80X Blo rr. asc ate ./ Bathybates;:Bigis nehise mnt 1. graueri, Std7. . ferox, Blgr. . horni, Stdr. vittatus, Blgr. os .6, (elke! 0) ariav eee oO sm op b> . fasciatus, Bign ives. ot 6. minor Bors rs wee tes ok . Haplotaxodon, Blgrv........ 1. microlepis, Bigr. A BYMOOFI,, J8LG3%: <10 nies saieue atara Betodusnblors: sino cc bs see 1. descampsii, Blgr. Enantiopus, Blgr. ........--«- 1. melanogenys, Blyr. 2. ochrogenys, Blgr. .....-.. ore (okey eye 1. singularis, Blgr..........- , Aenotilapia, Blgr. ........e eee 447 448 449 450 450 451 xil SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 23. Xenotilapia (con.). Page 1 seins Burien cee Aiione oi be's 452 2. ornatipinnis, Blgr. ...... 453 24. Grammatotria, Blgr........... 453 lL demainiy Bigr es. 6 slits. 28% 454 26; Trematocara, Blgr.. 6 sie sole 455 1. marginatum, Blgr. ...... 455 2; nigrifrons, Blgr. \yi2).i). » <3 456 3. unimaculatum, Blyr....... 457 26. Gephyrochromis, Blgr......... 458 1. moor, Blogs ta. cae cians Me 458 27. Lamprologus, Schilth. ........ 459 1. brevianalis, Bigr. 0.0. 21% 462 2. tetracanthus, Blyr. ...... 463 3. marginatus Blgr. .,...... 463 4. congolensis, Schilth. ...... 464 5. tumbanus; Blgr...)s 6s... 04% 465 6. mocquardii, Pellegr. ...... 466 7. tretocephalus, Blgr....... 466 8: hecqui, Blots. 22.52.05 ahs 467 9. multifasciatus, Blyr....... 468 10, modestus, Blgr. 024026054. 469 11. mondabu, Blot... 20.06. 470 12. steindachneri, Blgr. ...... 471 13. boulengeri, Stdv. ........ 471 14. elongatus, Blyr........... 472 15. pleurostigma, Blgr. ...... 473 16. cunningtoni, Blgr......... 474 L/.. lemairil, Blgrs. dis sistas .\- 475 18. callipterus, Blgr. ........ 476 19. fasciatus, Blgis vies oe 3 3's 477 20. brevis, Blors ch. as Att 5 2a 478 21... MOON, BLOF: teats Sela als 478 22. compressiceps, Blgr. .... 479 23+ tONIUTUS, BU, a axtaw wns 480 24. -calliivns, Blore iis ois ties 5 48 | 27, Lamprologus (con.). Page 25. reticulatus, Blgr. ........ 482 23. farcifor, ‘Blgr. - tien aoe 483 28. Julidochromis, Blgr........... 484 Il. ornatus, Blige) lactis ase 484 29. Telmatochromis, Blgr. ........ 485 1. temporalis, Blgr. ......... 486 2. vittatus, Blgr. . 2... ‘iat £80 30).; Bayonia, Blor: tins. ieee 488 J. xenodonta, Blt... asd. 488 31. Hemitilapia; Blgr..\ osiescs. 2 489 1, oxyrhynchas, Bigr....<%.2: 489 2.. bayont; (Blorn: cc d«ndocute 491 3. materfamilias, Pellegr. .... 492 32. Chilochromis, Bigr. .....:.... 492 1. duponti, Bigr. tars nent ae 493 33. Corematodus, Bigr. .......... 494 1. ‘shiranus; Blors-celaasing od 494 34. Eretmodus, Blots. aise arsine hs 495 1, icyanostictus, Blgr. osc. 2: 495 35. Spathodus, Blgr.s 2s < aot) susie 496 1. erythrodon; Buys, ies. c:¢ 10% 496 36. Perissodias, Bigri i or assis ote «ole 497 1. microlepis, Blgr. . 497 37. Chilotilapia; -Blgr. tyie.5 atc cords ate 498 L, rhoadesit, Bloor. ciheasengte 499 38: Schubotzia, Blgrs9.0hs at Anes ot 500 1. eduardiana, Blgr. ........ 500 39. Xenochromis, Blyr. .......... 501 1. heequi,: Blgre\s sacrongeome ok 502 40;"Plecodus; Blorinc. eer invent 503 1. paradoxus, Blgr. ....... 503 41, Paretroplus, Bieri.yicisiaig tne ehtoe 504 1. damit Bra sf... ange ae 505 2. polyaetis, Bula ). longitudinal series, 22-26 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line entirely absent, or indicated by a few pits. Olive above, white below ; sides of head and body, chin, and fins with or without crimson spots ; upper edge of dorsal and upper and lower edge of caudil white in the male. Total length 60 millim. Head-waters of Cross River, Calabar; Old Calabar; Lower Niger. 1-3. Types. Okwoga (Lat. 70° N., Long. Capt. R. D. Gard’ner (2P.). 7° 45' E.), head-waters of Cross R. 4-11. Types of Pool at Udi, Cross ht.*. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). HI. brucii. 12-16. Ad. Bendi District, Cross Rh. Major W. A. C. Cockburn (B): i Lor: Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 187 Ys. Swamps between Agwarba and Capt. R. D. Gard’ner (P.). Awka, Lower Niger. 4, FUNDULUS SPURRELLI. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 92. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 33 to 32 times. Head flat above ; snout short and broad, much shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 3g times in * Since describing this fish, I have been informed by Major Bruce that Udi is in the Cross River basin—not Lower Niger, as I thought. 28 CYPRINODONTID_E, length of head, 12 times in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip 8 1 AB about + diameter of former. Dorsal 13-14, originating at equal distance from head and from base of caudal; longest (posterior) rays 3 to 3 length of head. Anal 15-16, originating slightly in advance of dorsal. ro) ? 7) co) oD Pectoral nearly 2 length of head, not quite reaching base of ventral, which is small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded in the female, subtruncate in the male. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 29-31 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a more or less complete series of pits. Male pale yellowish green (in life), with numerous narrow, often paired, verticai bars of dark carmine; sides of head metallic green, variegated with carmine; gular (branchiostegal) region of a dark, rich blue; pectoral fin whitish, with an oblique crimson streak, ventral with red tip; vertical fins grey, dotted with Fundulus spurvelli, 3 2, types. x 1i. carmine and broadly edged with yellow or orange, the yellow bands occupying the upper and lower fourths of the caudal. Female paler, more translucent, at times pinkish; fins white, dorsal and anal dotted with carmine. Total length £2 millim. Gold Coast. Ty pes. Tano R., Goid Coast, Dr HG. I. Spurrell/(2Ry: . FUNDULUS BATESIL. Bouleng. Ann. & May. N. H. (8) vii. 1911, p. 261. Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 55 times. ILead flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; eye 53 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width. Dorsal 14-15, originating midway hetween eye g aud root of caudal, longest (posterior rays) 3 to # length of head; space FUNDULUS. 29 between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Anal 14-15, exactly opposite to dorsal. Pectoral = length of head, not quite reaching base of ventral, which is small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal acuminate, bifurcate in the middle in male. Caudal peduncle 12 times Fundulus batesir. d , type. as long as deep. 33-35 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a series of pits. Male olive-brown, profusely spotted with crimson ; a crimson streak from eye to eye round the chin; dorsal and anal fins dark purplish, anal edged with lighter; pectoral paler, edged with crimson ; caudal broadly edzed with yellow above and beneath. Female yellowish olive, with small crimson spots. Total length 60 millim. South Cameroon (Congo Basin). 1-2. Types. Ja R., at Bitye. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 3-8. Types. Bumba R., at Assobam. - 6. FUNDULUS GULARIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 623, pl. xxxvii. figs. 2&3; Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1907, p. 321; Paul Arnold, BI. Aq. Terr. 1908, p. 585, pl. —. fivs. 2 & 3; Triiber, op. cit. 1910, pp. 247, 469, figs., and 1911, p. 251; Stansch, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 422, pl. —. fig.; Arnold, t. c. p. 463; M. Fischer, t.c. p. 501, fig. ; Arnold, t.c. p. 603; Starkloff, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1913, p. 179. Depth of body 3} to 44 times in total length, length of head 3% to 34 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; eye 32 to 44 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip } to 3 diameter of former. Dorsal 15~16, originating at equal distance from head and from base of caudal, or a little nearer the former; longest rays 3 to once length of head. Anal 16-18, opposite 30 CYPRINODONTID.-£. to dorsal, and similarly developed, sometimes divided by a notch in fully developed males. Pectoral # to once length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral, which is small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal in males, or a little nearer latter in females. Caudal rounded in female, more or less distinctly trilobate, with some of the rays produced, in male. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 30-54 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a more or less distinct series of Fig. 20. Fundulus gularis. Types, ¢ 9 (P. Z.8. 1901). 2. pits. Yellowish-olive or olive-brown, with purplish-red markings, which, in the male, are large and form a band on each side of the head, which may be continued along the body, in addition to smaller spots and vermiculations, the band passing round to the other side over the lower jaw; a streak or a series of purple or crimson spots across the end of the pectoral aud along the dorsal and anal, and usually two on the caudal ; male with a median band of purplish red on the branchiostegal membrane. Ina larger var. cwrulea (var. A, Arnold), the body of the male is bluish with red vertical bars and the caudal is yellow in the middle and blue above and below. Total length 105 millim. Niger Delta, Cameroon. 1-6. Types. Agberi. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (P.). 7-16. Ad. & her. ra 3 CC): 17-18, 19-20. Ad. Warri. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 21, 22-23, 24-27. Ad. & hgr. Niger Delta. ES 7. FUNDULUS ARNOLDI. souleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 29 ; Paul Arnold, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1908, p. 585, pl. —. fig. 1, and Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 602, fig. ; Triiber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, ps3ol, fic. Depth of body 44 to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 ] y tg 2 s 5 3 FUNDULUS. ol times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting; eye 31 to 4 times in length of head, 14 to 14 times in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip about 3 diameter of former. Dorsal 15-16, originating slightly in advance of anal, at nearly equal distance from eye and from root of caucal; longest (posterior) ray quite as long as head in male, shorter in female. Anal 15-17, similar to dorsal. Pectoral about 2 length of head, reaching base of ventral, which is small and nearly Fundulus arnoldi. Types, ¢ @. midway between end of snout and base of candal. Caudal rounded in female, with upper and lower rays much produced in male. Caudal peduncle much longer than deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body; an interrupted series of lateral-line pits. Pale olive, spotted or dotted with crimson on the head, body, and vertical fins ; male with a dark band along the upper part of the dorsal and anal fins. Total length 55 millim. Niger Delta. 1-4. Types. Warri. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). a. Ad: 9 99 Ga eAd: Sapelle. 8. FUNDULUS PALMQUISTII. Linnb, Kilim.-Meru Exped., Fish. p. 7 (1907). Depth of body 35 times in total length, length of head 22 to 5 times. Head flat above; snout broad, as long as or a little longer than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting; eye about 4 times in length of head and 13 times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip about { diameter of former. Dorsal 16, originating about midway between eye and base of caudal; longest rays (in male) about 5 & length of head. Anal 15, originating shghtly behind origin of 32 CYPRINODONTID®. dorsal, rays beset with short spines in the male. Pectoral about % length of head, reaching base of ventrals in the male. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of shallow pits. Yellowish olive, uniform in the Fundulus palmquistti. d, type. female; in the male each scale with the posterior margin becoming a carmine-red band, these bands so connected as to form oblique trans- verse bands ; dorsal and anal fins with carmine-red spots, which colour also occupies the whole of the caudal in the male. Total length 40 millim. Usambara, German East Africa—Types in Stockholm Museum. 1-2. Types. Tanga, Usambara. Dr. Y. Sjéstedt (C.) ; Prof. E. Lonnberg (P.). 9 FUNDULUS WALKERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 262. Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 38 to 33 times. ITlead flat above; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 34. times Fundulus walkeri. T'ype. in length of head, nearly twice in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former, Dorsal 14, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, 2 to 2 length of head. Anal FUNDULUS. 33 15-16, originating slightly in advance of dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Uniform brownish (badly preserved specimens). Total length 42 millim. Gold Coast. 1-3. Types. Bokitsa Mine (Wasa). R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 10. FUNDULUS ORTHONOTUS. Cyprinodon orthonotus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1844, p. 35. ITydrargyra maculata, Peters, Arch. f. Nat. 1855, i. p. 269. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 326 (1866). Nothobranchius orthonotus, Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 61, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1868). Depth of body 3 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 8 times. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 13 to 13 times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 15-16, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior Vig. 24. Fundulus orthonotus. 3, type, after Peters (Reise Mossamb.). rays longest, as long as head in male, shorter in female. Anal 14-16, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral 4 to $ length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, nearer base of caudal than end of snout. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 34 CYPRINODONTID E. scales in longitudinal series, 24 ronnd body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Dark green above (in life), golden or yellowish white beneath ; a dark brown transverse spot on each. side ; dorsal and anal fins greenish yellow and spotted with dark brown, edged with white in the male. Total length 70 millim. Mozambique.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-2. Two of the types. Quellimane. Prof. Ws. Peterss@P.). 3. Ad, 3 Sir J. Kirk (P.). 11. FUNDULUS MELANOSPILUS. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanz. p. 118, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1866). Fundulus teniopygus, part., Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1895, p. 114. Fundulus melanospilus, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 48 (1896). Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 1%. to Fundulus melanospilus. 9, type, after Playfair & Giinther, op. cit. 1? times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 14-15, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, longest rays about 3 length of head. Anal 17--18, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond ; ventral small, nearly equally distant from end of snout and from base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brownish, posterior part of body with black dots. Male unknown. ‘Total length 55 millim. Seychelles. 1-5. Types. Seychelles. Sir Li. Playfair (P.); FUNDULUS. [o)s) Cr 12. FUNDULUS NEUMANNI Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 417. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad, as long as or a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye 4 times in length of head, 12? times in inter- orbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 15-16, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, 2 length of head in male, $ in female. Anal 16-17, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral about 2 length of head, nearly reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal Fig. 26. Fundulus neumanni. 3 §, types. peduncle as long as deep, or slightly longer than deep. 30-32 scales in longitudinal series, 32-36 round body in front of ventrals; no indication of lateral line. Uniform brownish yellow; male with some carmine spots on the head and some reddish on the caudal. Total length 60 millim. German Kast Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Three of the types. North Ugogo. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 13. FUNDULUS GUENTHERI. Fundulus orthonotus, part., Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanz. p. 118, pl. xvii. fig. 2 (1866). Nothobranchius orthonotus (non Peters), Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1891, Der ee Fundulus quentheri, Pfeff. Jairb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst: x.:2,,1893, pud9andethienw: O.-Afr., Fische, p. 39 (1896). Fundulus teniopygus, part., Garm. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1899, p. 114. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 2} to 33 times in total 26 CYPRINODONTID2. length. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes ; snout short and broad, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; eye 4 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17-18, originating midway between occiput and root of caudal, posterior rays longest, 3 to § length of head in male, about § in female. Anal 18-19, opposice to dorsal. Pectoral 3 to % length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or slightly longer than deep. 27-80 scales in longitudinal series, 24-28 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a Fundulus quentheri. 3, type, after Playfair & Giinther, 0. ¢. more or less distinct series of pits. Brown, lighter beneath, males with a more or less distinct dark brown or carmine-red margin to the scales ; dorsal and anal of male dark, with fine light oblique streaks or with red spots ; caudal of male usually carmine-red, or red edged with blackish, or red in the basal half and blackish in the distal. Total length 68 millim. Zanzibar Island and opposite coast of East Africa, from Mombasa to the Pangani River. 1-2, 3. Types. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 4-5. Ad. _ Mr. G. Schroder (P.). 6-8. Ad. Re Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 9-13. Ad. Pangani R. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 14-25, 26-29. Ad. & hgr. Mombasa. D. J. Wilson, Esq. (C.). 30. Skel. Ss a hs) ~) FUNDULUS. 14. FUNDULUS TANIOPYGUS. Fundulus (Nothobranchius) orthonotus, var., Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 78. Nothobranchius teniopygus, Hilgend. op. cit. 1891, p. 20. Fundulus teniopygus, Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 48 (1896) ; Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 416 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 413, pl. Ixxix. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body 32 times in total length, length of head 3 to 35 times. Upper surface of head convex from between the eyes; snout short and broad ; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 34 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17, originating a little in advance of anal and at Fundulus teniopyyus. d, type (F. N.). equal distance from eye and from root of caudal, longest rays 3 to? length of head. Anal 17-18. Small spine-like tubercles on the dorsal and anal in the male. Pectoral about 2 length of head; ventral midway between end of snout and root of caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by an interrupted series of pits. Male brown, with dark edges to the scales ; dorsal fin dark purplish brown; anal and caudal purplish brown, with a whitish band across the middle. Female lighter and uniformly coloured. Total length 52 millim. Lake Victoria, Lake I'shaya in Unyamwesi, and Bubu River, south of Lake Manyara.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Ad. Bubu R. near Irango. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 4 Bou il/III Go (ee) CYPRINODONTID.E. 15. FUNDULUS SJOESTEDTI. Lonnberg, Ofv. Ak. Férh. Stockh. 1895, p. 191 > Rachow, (BR Ag errad gia p. 101, fig.; Triiber, t. c. p. 669, fig.; Arnold, Woch. Ag. Terr. 1911, ps 137, fig. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 34 to 3? times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, nearly twice in interorbital width ; space between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the former. Dorsal 17-19, originating at equal distance from eye and from Fundulus sjoestedti, 3 @. Calabar. base of caudal ; longest (posterior) rays 2 to & length of head. Anal 17-19, originating opposite or a little behind origin of dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head, hardly reaching base of ventral, which is small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal rounded in female, truncate, with or without some of the middle rays produced into filaments in male. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 33-36 scales in longitudinal series, 26-30 round body in front of ventrals. Brownish, male with bright carmine-red markings, with few oblique bands and streaks on the sides of the head, and spots and vertical bars on the body; a red band round the chin; upper half of caudal dark purplish or with longitudinal red bands, lower half whitish, partly streaked, partly spotted, or with an oblique red band with purplish outer edge ; a bright carmine-red band along the dorsal, which, like the anal, may also be spotted with red. Total length 70 millim. Coast of Guinea to Cameroon,—Types in Stockholm Museum. FUNDULUS. a) 1-5. Ad. Nyong I. at Akonolinga, G. Li. Bates, Bsq.(C.): S. Cameroon. 6-95 Ad; Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 10-11. Ad. Sherboro. “4 12-13. Her. Axim, Gold Coast. Mr. A. Rachow (P.). 16. FUNDULUS MICROLEPIS. Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvii. 1897, p. 356. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 5} times in total length. Head flat above, as deep as broad; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; snout 3 to 33 times in length of head ; eye 5% to 6 times in length of head, 22 to 23 times in interorbital width. Dorsal 16-17, originating a little nearer head than root of caudal. Anal 17-18, opposite to dorsal. Pectoral reaching ventral, or a little beyond. Caudal subtruncate. 40-42 scales in longitudinal series, 26-28 in transverse series. Yellowish grey; a black band from one angle of the mouth to the other, passing through the eyes and over the nape. Total length 65 millim. Between Brava and Lugh, Somaliland.—Types in Genoa Museum. 17. FUNDULUS NISORIUS. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1871, p. 456. Depth of body 3% times in total length, length of head 4 times. ‘ye 4 times in length of head and twice in interorbital width. Dorsal 12. Anal 10-11, originating about opposite to middle of dorsal. Scales 36 in longitudinal series, 12 in transverse series. Light brown, male faintly cross-banded. ‘Total length 100 millim. Gaboon.—Types in Museum of Academy of Philadelphia. 18. FUNDULUS CAPENSIS. Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1, 1895, p. 113. Head broad, depressed, crown flat ; snout short, rounded ; eye nearly twice length of snout, 24 times in length of head, little less than inter- orbital width. Dorsal 13, originating midway between centre of eye and base of caudal, and slight’® in scvance of vent. Anal 13, originating 40 CYPRINODONTID.E. below middle of dorsal. Caudal rounded. Scales 36 in longitudinal series, 1] in transverse series. Olivaceous, edges of scales darker; top of head darker, crossed by a lighter band in front of the eye; opercle silvery, crossed by a darkish streak behind the eye; a faint band of silvery from the opercle to the caudal along the middle of the side; 0 or 6 broad blotches of brownish across the flanks, separated by rather wider spaces of the lighter colour; a vertebral darkish streak, more distinct behind the dorsal; a similar line between anal and lower edge of caudal; a band crosses the caudal near its base. Total length 26 millim. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.—Type in Museum of Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 4. HAPLOCHILUS. McClell. Asiat. Res. xix. pp. 301 & 426 (1839); Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 310 (1866) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 344 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 415 (1907). Epiplatys, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 136. Atopocheilichthys, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 116. Lycocyprinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 146. Distinguished from the preceding genus by the more posterior position of the dorsal fin, the origin of which is well behind that of the anal. Fresh and brackish waters of Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, Central and South America, and the West Indies. Synopsis of the Species. I. Dorsal 10-13 * ; scales 27-34 in a longitudinal series. A. Kye 23 to 3 times in length of head. D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Se. 28-31; middle dorsal and anal rays Jongest; caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep. 1. JL. antinorii, Vincig., p. 44. D. 10; A. 14-15; Se. 27-28; middle dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep ) aes. a D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Se. 27-29; posterior dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 1 to 14 times as long as deep . 3. ZZ. pumilus, Blgr., p. 45. bo . Il, myapose, Blgr., p. 44. * See also species 19 to 21 and 29 and 34 in division II. of this synopsis. HAPLOCHILUS. 4] D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Sc. 32-36; posterior dorsal and anal rays longest; caudal peduncle 1 to twice as long asdeep . . 4. “I. christyi, Blgr., p. 46. B. Eye 33 to 4 times in length of head. 1. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. D. 10; A. 13-14; Se. 80-32; depth of body 6 to 6} times in total length; caudal rounded or subacuminate . . . . . . 5. 4L. ferranti, Bler., p. 47. D. 11-12; A. 14-15; Se. 30-34; depth of body 45 to 54 times in total length; caudal subacuminate . . . . . . . 6. A. cameronensis, Blgr., p. 47. D. 11; A. 15-16 ; Se. 32-33; depth of body Oo} to 6 times in total length; caudal Founded, ets! 2 AOE Be Te de ad. eberiensis, Digt.> p. 48s D. 10-11; A. 14-15; Sc. 29-32; depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length ; caudal rounded, with upper and lower rays produced(in. males." Yee 4s 6. luje, Bier. p. 49. 2. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. a. Caudal rounded. D. 11; A. 14; Se. 28; pectoral 2 length of Ned Se cee wit ay so. deem 5. « Oo Lf. homalonotis, A. Dum, p.o0: DPD. 10:;; A. 13; Se. 30 . . . . . 10. A. nuchimaculatus, Gyichen., D. 12-13; A. 17-19; Se. 29-32; pectoral [p. 50. $toZlenethofheadd . ... . . . 11. &. playfairii, Gthr., p. 51. D. 11-12; A. 16-18; Se. 27-29; pectoral 4 to 2 lengthvofhbend el mir (eve Mele) 1°12) WT. jasciolatus, Gthr.,p. 52: b. Caudal acuminate or rounded-subacuminate. D. 11; A. 16; Se. 80-31; caudal acutely pointed . cat dupa. deine 1G . 13. IL ansorgii, Blgr., p. 53. 10-12; A. 15-17; Se. 28-32; caudal rounded-subacuminate . . . . . . . 4. &. seafusciutus, Gill, p. o4. S IT. Dorsal 6-10 ; scales 23-32 in a longitudinal series. A. Dorsal originating above middle of anal, rarely further back *. 1. Eye considerably shorter than postocular part of head. a. 24-28 scales in longitudinal series. Dp. 7-8; A. 14-15; Se. 25-27 ; caudal rounded or rounded-acuminate ; caudal peduncle not longer thanaleep. <)... 2 «i ..« » Ld. 4. chapert,Sauy., p- 96. * If, kinyit, p. GA. 4y D. 8-9; A. 13-14; Se. 24-26; caudal rounded- acuminate ; caudal peduncle 15 times as IGS AS EOD. was dee es D.8; A. 12; Se. 28; caudal rounded; caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep b. 29-32 scales in longitudinal series. A. 14-15; Se. 30-32 ; in the male; caudal peduncle nearly twice DD. 8s caudal forked as long as deep he 2 EO 9-10; A. 14-15; Sec. 380-32; caudal rounded ; caudal peduncle a little longer ili COG a a 4 a Oe. Be ee 9-10; A. 12-13; Se. 29-30; acuminate or rounded-acuminate ; inter- D: caudal orbital width 2 diameters of eye, which is 32 to 4 times in length of head... ). 9-10; A. 13; Se. 30-31 ; caudal rounded ; interorbital width 13 diameters of eye, which is 34 times in length of head... 2. Eye not more than 3 times in length than postocular part of head. a. Caudal rounded. CYPRINODONTID.-F. . 16. A. decorsu, Pellegr., p. 57. ~ 17. Hf, exiguus, Blor., p. 5%. . 18. LL elegans, Blgr., p. 58. « 197. petersit, SAavs Pads: » 20. 4. callus, Blor., p. 59: 21. LH. striatus, Blgr., p. 60. of head, not or but slightly shorter a. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep ; ventral nearer end of snout than caudal. 22. H. spilauchen, A. Dum., p. 61. 23. H. hutereaui, Blgr., p. 63. * Ventral equally distant from end of snout and from caudal. DD. 7-8; A. 18-14; Se. 25-28; lower jaw HOt PUOTCCHING 2 = ke ie) ee sg D. 8-9; A. 13-15; Se. 23-24; lower jaw PROJCCLING 2. x, cs qe te) Soak Ween er ake 8. Caudal peduncle longer than deep; lower jaw projecting. Dai-8 3 Ay lb: Ser24-28 i Ge ERs . 6-7; A. 11-12; Sc. | a er rere 24. HH. loati, Bler., p. 63. 25. LL, kingit, Bler., p. 64. ** Ventral much nearer end of snout than eaudal. dunele 14 to 2 of orbital width . diameter eye much less than of eye a little less than width 7-8; A. 12-13; Sc. 25-28; caudal pe- times as long as deep ; inter- interorbital wi we as, » 20. Ef. sckoellem, Bloor. phos D. 7-8; A. 14-165; Sc. 26-28; caudal pe- duncle twice as lone as deep; diameter ~~] . ET. moeruensis, Blgr., p. 66. ffAPLOCHILUS. 45 D. 7-8; A. 12-14; Se. 24-27; caudal pe- duncle not much longer than deep ; diameter of eye a little less than inter- orbitalwidthy.; 0." oe 8) ca. 28. 09. macrurus, Blgr., p./6%- D. 9-10; A. 14-15; Se. 95-91 ode 10. Q9RLE. katange, blerip. Of: b. Caudal truneate. D. 8-9 ; A. 14-15; Sc. 29-31. . . . . . 80. A. cabinde, Blgr., p. 68. — B. Dorsal originating above posterior third or fourth of anai. 1. Caudal rounded or very obtusely pointed, not or but slightly longer than head. D. 7-8 ; A. 13-14; Se. 28-29 ; ventral much nearer end of snout than caudal. . . . 31. ZZ. johnstonii, Gthr., p. 69. D. 6-7; A. 14-15 ; Se. 27-28; ventral equally distant from end of snout and from oar eM: shy , » 28.8% 32. Bomar, Stdr., p. 19: D. 8-9; A. 15-16; Se. 96-2 9; ventral nearly ait distant from end of snout and from caudal, or a little nearer latter. . 33. HH. senegalensis, Stdr., p. 71. 2. Caudal pointed, not longer than head. [pede D. 9-10; A. 15-16 ; Se. 26-29 . . . . . 34. H. acuticaudatus, Pellegr., 3. Caudal rounded-subacuminate, longer than head. .8-9; A. 15-16; Se. 28-29; ventral at least plenothomheads 2". ve APP BAe! AS5eLeT, longiventralis, Blgr., p. 72. D. 8-9; A. 15-16; Se. 28-30; ventral not 4 length of head . . . ww... 86. EA macrostigma, Blgr., p. 73. —_ 1 4, Caudal pointed, longer than head. D. 9; A. 15; Se. 28-29, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; depth of body 43 to 43 times in total length . . . . 87. H. nigricans, Blor., p. 74. D. 8-9; A. 14-15; Sc. 29-30, 20 Raetel body ; depth of body 5 to 5} times in total length. s |. &) uo vee ee ee S8acamultfasciatus, Bigr., ps Td. D. 7-8; A. 15-16 ; Se. 28-30, 20-22 round body ; depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length Pepe erty oa hla Oe al. qraieaine, nleteetin (ie): D. 6-7; A, 15-16 ; Se. 27-28, 16-18 round Body. ee eee 20s 40M hifasciatus Sidr up. 06: D. 7-8; A. 13-14; Se, OTe PEA LW A LAO checatiert, Pellegr.;p. 07: 5. Caudal notched in males. Wa Sie ANA e Se 27-28 mils! slice! belo): ut 2eoll | surgacBler.s| paid: 44 CYPRINODONTID.%. 1, HAPLOCHILUS ANTINORII. Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. 1883, p. 693, fig.; Bouleng. P. Z. 8. 1903, ii. p. 333. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout short, much shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw strongly projecting; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width, a little shorter than post- ocular part of head ; preeorbital about 4+ diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-1], originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, above anterior third of anal, median rays longest, 2 to } length of head. Anal 14-15, rounded like the dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, reaching a little beyond base of ventral; latter small, nearer end of snout than LTaplochilus antinori. d,type. =. root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as or a little shorter than head. Caudal peduncle 2 to ~> umes as long as deep. 28-81 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, speckled with brown, or with the dorsal scales edged with brown; dark dots often forming lines above, below, and on the sides of the caudal region ; fins uniform whitish. Total length 30 millim. Southern Ethiopia and Lake Naiwasha.—iypes in Genoa Museum. 1-2. ‘T'wo of the types. L. Arsadé, Adda Marquis O. Antinori (C.) ; Gallaland. Genoa Museum (P.). 3. Ad. Suksuk R., near Prof. O. Neumann and L. Zwai. Baron C. von Erlanger (C.). 4-9. Ad. LL. Naiwasha. R.J. Cuninghame, Esq. (P.). 10-10, Ad, & her. Nairobi. Sir F. J. Jackson (VP.). 2. WAPLOCHILUS MYAPOSZE. Bouleng. Ann. Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 232, fig. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 38 to 4 times. Ilead flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye; HAPLOCHILUS. 45) mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye nearly 3 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, as long as or a little shorter than postorbital part of head; preorbital hardly 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above anterior third of anal, median rays longest, about 4 length of head. Anal 14-15, rounded like the dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, reaching a little beyond base of ventral ; latter nearer Fie. 31. a Cains OA AER NY sds AWW AN HES Laplochilus myapose., Type (Ann. Natal Mus. 1908). end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Pale olive, with darker edges to the scales ; fins greyish. Total length 28 millim. Zululand.—Types in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzbure. 1-2. Two of the types. Myaposa R. Dr, H. Warren (CE): 3. HAPLOCHILUS PUMILUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 554, pl. xxxii. fig. 4, and Fish. Nile, p. 420, pl. xxxii. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body 5% to 43 times in total length, length of head 31 to € ~ 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye; Vig. 32. HHuplochilus pumilus. Dype GN i). 3s mouth directed upwards, lower jaw strongly projecting ; eye nearl 3 times in length of head, 13 to 1 times in interorbital width, 2 to 2 postorbital part of head; prworbital hardly 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal y Lad 3 10-11, originating twice as far from snout or eye as from root of caudal, AG CYPRINODONTID. above anterior third of anal; posterior rays longest, } to 3 length of head. Anal 14-15, pointed hke the dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle 1 to 14 times as long as deep. 27-29 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, more brownish on the back, where the scales have darker outlines; a dark lateral streak sometimes present; fins greyish or purplish. Total length 55 millim. Lakes ‘Tanganyika and Victoria. 143. Types. Kitutu, L. Tanganyika, Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4-5, Ad. Sambala R., L. Tanganyika. Dr. LL. Stappers (C.). G-11. Ad. & hgr. Lufuko R., % 12-21. Types. Entebbe, L.. Victoria, Mr. E. Degen (C.). 22. Ad. Sesse Ids., - Dr. E. Bayon (C.); Genoa Museum (P.). 4, HAPLOCHILUS CHRISTYI, sp. n. Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length, length of head 3} to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 22 to 3 times in length of head, about 14 times in interorbital width; pre- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 10-11, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of ayal; posterior rays longest, as long as or a little longer than head in male shorter in female. Anal 14—15. Pectoral $ to 2 length of head, not reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, or a little nearer former. Caudal rounded, as long as head in female, a little longer in male. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. 32 to 34 scales in longitudinal series, 72-24 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line represented by a mere or less distinct series of shallow pits. Yellowish or pale olive above, the scales edged with darker; male with more or less numerous carmine spots, these spots absent or very small in the female; fins of male with round carmine spots, caudal with an upper and a lower carmine edge. Total length 50 millim. Lindi River, Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervucren. bak: Types. Lindi R. Dr. C. Christy (C.). HAPLOCHILUS. AG 5. HAPLOCHILUS FERRANTI. “Rouleng. Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb. 1910, p. 285. Depth of body 6 to 63 times in total length, length of head 82 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye 33 times in length of head, 12 times. in interorbital width ; prieorbital very narrow. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from centre of eye or end of snout as from root of caudal, above middle of anal, longest ray about $ length of head. Anal 13-14. Pectoral nearly 3 length of head, not reaching Haplochilus ferranti. d , type. ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded or subacuminate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. 30-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of shallow pits. Brown above and on the sides, dirty white: beneath ; usually a bright yellow, continuous or interrupted’ lateral band, from the gill-cover to the base of the caudal; dorsal and caudal brown, spotted with yellow; some orange on the pectoral and ventrals. Total length 50 millim. Kasai, Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1. One of the types. Kondue, Kasai. M. E.:Tiuja (C2). 29 “AO Ad. s, i . 6. HAPLOCHILUS CAMERONENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 440. Depth of body 45 to 53 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4+ times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting ; eye 31 to 34 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width; pra- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 11-12, originating twice as far from centre 48 CYPRINODONTID. or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest rays a little shorter than head in male, about § length of head in female. Anal 14-15. Pectoral § to # length of head, reaching base of ventrals in male, not in female; ventral small, a little nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, as long as head in female, a little longer in male. Caudal peduncle 14 to 2 times as TTaplochilus caneronensis. fo 2, types. long as deep. 30-34 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a more or less distinct series of shallow pits. Yellowish or olive-brown, with carmine spots, which are more profusely distributed in males, in which they often form two longitudinal bands, one close to the lower outline, from below the pectoral to the root of the candal, the other on the upper border of the caudal peduncle; fins grey, more or less spotted with carmine; in males, anal edged with black and white and lower border of caudal white. Total length 55 millim. South Cameroon, Fernando Po, Gaboon, Lower Congo. 1-2, 3-8. Types. Kribi R., S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 9-15, Ad. & her. 99 “5 16-35. ,, ss Nyong lt, s 7 36. Type. da hs, - _ 37-33. Ad. Fernando Po. Mr. E. Seimund (C.). 39-10, 41-42. Ad. Caye Lopez, Gaboon. Mr. J. Paul Arnold ¢P.). 43-44. Ad. Kwikenga, Manyanga, Congo. Congo Museum (P.). 7. HAPLOCHILUS LIBERIENSIS. souleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) i. 1908, p. 30. . Depth of body 53 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 times. lead flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting a little; eye 34 times in length of head, 1% to 12 times in interorbital width ; prieorbital } to 4 diameter HAPLOCHILUS. 49 of eye. Dorsal 11, originating at equal distince from head and from root of caudal, above anterior third (fourth or fifth ray) of anal; longest ray about 3 length of head (¢@), Anal 15-16. Pectoral about 2 length of head, not reaching ventral ; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 32-33 scales in longitudinal series, Haplochilus lTiberiensis. ?, type. 20 round body in front of ventrals; an interrupted series of lateral-line pits. Yellowish to dark olive, with darker blotches; dorsal and anal fins with small blackish spots. Total length 36 millim. Liberia. 1-2. Types. Monrovia. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 8. HAPLOCHILUS LUJ AS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vill. LOLI, p. 263, and Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb. TILL, ps220% Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 33 to 32 times in length of head, 1} to 1% times in interorbital width; pre- orbital very narrow. Dorsal 10-11, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about as long as head in male, about 3 length of head in female. Anal 14-15, Pectoral 3 to # length of head, not reaching ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head, with one of the upper and one of the lower rays more or less produced in the male. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. 29-32 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a more or less distinct series of pits. Male olive aboye, 50 CYPRINODONTID. yellowish beneath, with numerous, rather large carmine spots disposed irregularly ; dorsal fin with small round purple spots ; anal and caudal with large purple markings, which may form streaks in the direction of the rays. Female yellowish, the scales of the upper parts edged Fig. 36. TE YY s RRO: peed) Ms ee Haplochitus luje. 3 & 9, types. with olive-brown; small red or orange spots sometimes present‘on the sides; dorsal, anal, and caudal with small purplish-brown spots. Total length 45 millim. Kasai, Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1-0. Types. Kondue, Sankun R. \ — Hie Layjai(@:). 9. HAPLOCHILUS HOMALONOTUS. Peeilia omalonota, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1861, p. 257, pl. xxii. fig. 7. Haplochilus homalonotus, Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 485, pl. xlvii. fig. 2 (1891). Depth of body nearly 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, as long as eye ; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw strongly projecting; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head; przorbital very narrow. Dorsal 11, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above middle of anal, longest ray about $ length of head. Anal 14. Pectoral # length of head, reaching ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, shorter than head. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. 28 scales in longitudinal series. Uniform reddish brown. ‘Total length 95 millim. Nossi Bé, Madagascar.—Types in Paris Museum. 10. HAPLOCHILUS NUCHIMACULATUS. Pwcilia nuchimaculata, Guichen. Mém. Soc. Se. Nat. Cherb. xii. 1866, p. 144. Haplochilus nuchimaculatus, Sauy. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 486, pl. xli, B. fig. 1 (1891). Depth of body about 4 times in total length, length of head 3y times. HAPLOCHILUS. 51 ITead flat above; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 34 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width. Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above middie of anal, longest rays about 3 length of head. Anal 13. Pectoral widely separated from ventral ; latter small, nearer root of caudal than end of snout. Caudal rounded, shorter than head. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. 30 scales in longitudinal series. Greenish brown above, whitish beneath ; fins yellowish; dorsal and anal with brown dots. ‘Total length 64 millim. Madagascar, in brackish water.—Type in Paris Museum. 11. HAPLOCHILUS PLAYFAIRII. Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 314 (1866) ; Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 118, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1866), Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head flat above, snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 34 to 4 times in length Vig. 37. Jin Haplochilus playfairii. 3 2, Mahé. of head, 4 interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 12-13, originating twice as far from eye or occiput as from root of caudal, above middle or a little anterior to middle of anal; longest rays } to length of head in male, about 4 in female. Anal 17-19. Pectoral to $ length of head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal or a little tele cote CYPRINODONTID. Cr bo latter. Caudal rounded, # to 2 length of head, Caudal nearer 29-32 scales in peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line entirely absent. Dark brown above, yellowish beneath, male with longitudinal series of light (in life red) spots corresponding to the series of scales and numerous small brown spots on the vertical fins. Total length 95 millim. Seychelles. 1-5, 6-9, 10-12, Seychelles. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 13-14, 15-16. Types. 17-18. Ad, ” ; Prof. E. P, Wrght (Co 19-20. Her. 21-22, Ad. Mahe, Sir J. Kirk (P.). 23-42. Ad. & hyr. i Lord Crawford (P.). 43-46. Ad. & her. Chateau Margot, Mahé, — Prof.J. Stanley Gardiner (P.). 1000 ft. 47-50. Ad. & Her. Praslin. ‘4 51. Skel. Pa PA 12. HAPLOCHILUS FASCIOLATUS. Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 358, part. (1866) ; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr, 1911, p. 273, fio.; Aubry, t..¢. p. 598, fie. Depth of body 4 to 4% times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little Haplochilus faseiolatus. 3d, type. shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly pro- jecting ; eye 5} times in length of head, 3 interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 11-12, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about $ length of 2 head in male, shorter in female. Anal 16-18. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter small, equally HAPLOCHILUS. 53 distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal a little longer than head, rounded-subacuminate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 27-29 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brownish above, each scale with a carmine spot, whitish beneath ; lower part of side with more or less distinct dark oblique streaks or series of spots, which are best defined and extend to the upper surface on the caudal peduncle ; males with carmine spots on the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Total length 80 millim, Sierra Leone. 1-4. Types. Sierra Leone. Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 5-13. Ad. & her. in Kt. Dinzey, sq, C’:). 14. Skel. 4 - 15-16. Her. ‘s Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 13. HAPLOCHILUS ANSORGIL. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 262. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 53 to 4 times in length of head, 34 interorbital width; prorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 11, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about # length of lead (males). Anal 16. Pectoral ? length of head, reaching base of ventral : Fig. 39. Haplochilus ansorgi. d, type. latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal acuminate, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 30-51 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath ; sides with regular longitudinal series of carmine spots, following the series of scales and more or less confluent; lower 5 Bou II/III 54 CYPRENODONTID. lip blackish; fins grey, edged with black, dorsal and anal with round purplish-grey spots. Total length 70 millim. Ogowe. 1-2. Types. Masoma R., flowing into L. Agemwe Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). at Umpokoya. 14, HAPLOCHILUS SEXFASCIATUS. Epiplatys sexfasciatus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 136; Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xi. 1870, p. 457. Haplochilus infrafasciatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi, p. 313 (1866); Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 76; Lonnb, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh. 1895, p. 188, Haplochilus sexfasciatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, i. p. 27; Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 557, fig. ; Gerlach, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 741, fig. Lycocyprinus sexfasciatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 146. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3} to 33 times. Head flat above; snout rounded, as long as or slightly longer than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw feebly projecting; eye 3$ to 52 times in length of head, about 3 interorbital width ; preorbital about 2 diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-12, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about Fig. 40. Haplochilus sevfasciatus. 3, Ogowe. length of head in males, shorter in females. Anal 10-17. Pectoral Gato celro to 3 length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal as long as or a little longer than head, rounded-subcarinate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Brown above, yellowish beneath, with carmine dots and usually 5 to 7 blackish vertical bars on the body, confined, except the last, to the lower part of the side; the first bar usually just behind the base of the pectoral; two bars above the anal; a series of large black dots some- HAPLOCHILUS. ai) times present between the black bars; the black bars may be reduced to the four or five behind the vent; fins edged with black in the male. Total length 100 millim. Liberia to Congo.—Type in Philadelphia Academy Museum. 1-2. Her. & yg. 3-7. Her. & yg. 8-13. Her. & yg. 14-21. 22-28. 29-38, 39-40. 41-42, 43-44. Ad. 45-47. Her. 48. Type of LI. infra- fasciatus. 49-52. Ad. & hgr. Vg. Ad Her. & yg. Ad. & her. Her. & yg. oa. Hor. 54-63. Ad., her., & yg. 64-70. Ad., her., & yg. 71. Skel. (2=10. Ad. 74-76. Ad. 77-78. Ad. 79-87. Ad., her., & yg. 88-89. Ad. & her. 90-91. Ad. 92-98. Ad. 99-100. Her. Nanna Kru, Liberia. Atesu R., Gold Coast. Bokitsa Mine, Wasa, Gold Coast. Kotchwah R., Gold Coast. Near Dunkwa, Gold Coast. Stream at Awka, Lower Niger. Sapelle, Lower Niger. Assay, As - Witrrrmt 5. i Mouths of Niger. Old Calabar. Stream at Udi, head-waters of Cross River. Omalu, head-waters of Aboina R., Cross R. Cross R. district, Old Calabar. Fernando Po. 5 Longji, Cameroon. Lobi R., S. Cameroon. Kribr h., is Benito R., Spanish Guinea. Gaboon. Abanga R., Ogowe. Luali R. (Chiloango) at Lundo. Banzyville, Ubanghi. W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). R.B.N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). a R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). Dr. H.G. F.Spurrell (P.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). Major G. HE. Bruce (P.). Major W. A. C. Cockburn (P.)s Mr. E. Seimund (C.). 35) Berlin Museum (i.). G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 39 Capt. Royaux (C.). Peeilia spilargyreia, A. Dnm. Arch. Mus. x. 1861, p. 258 (which has been identified with IZ. infrafasciatus by Rochebrune, Faune Sénégamb, p. 139), probably constitutes a distinct species, but the type specimens in the Paris Museum are too badly preserved to draw up a complete description. I am indebted to Dr. Pellegrin for notes on these 56 CYPRINODONTID_E. specimens. ‘Lhe principal difference from J/, sexfasciatus appears to be that the head is only 3 or 3} times in the total length. D.11; A. 1d; Steels 15. HAPLOCHILUS CHAPERI. Paeilia sexfusciata (non Gill), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 396. Haplochilus sexfasciatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 218 (1866). Epiplatys infrafasciatus (non Giinth.), Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1870, p. 457. Haplochilus chaperi, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1882, p. 323, pl. v. fig. 5 5 Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1908, p. 297, pl. — ; Ehnle, BI. Aq. Terr. 1910, p. 809, fig. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 35 to 4 times in total length. Head flat above ; snout rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 33 to 34 times in length of head, 4 to 2 interorbital width ; preorbital barely 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays about # length of head in male, shorter in female. Anal 14-15. Pectoral 3 to % length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal as long as head, rounded or rounded-subacuminate, some of the rays slightly produced in males. Haplochilus chaperi. 3, Sierra Leone. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 29) yound body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by an interrupted series of pits. Brown above, sometimes with carmine spots ; yellowish beneath ; six or seven black vertical bars on each side, the tirst at the eye or on the gill-cover; one often present between the pectoral and the ventral, two or three above the anal, the last at the base of the caudal; only the last or last two extending to the upper surface of the body ; the scales of the back edged with red in the male ; a black band round the lower lip; fins edged with black in the male, which may have two black spots or vertical bars on the anal. Total length 65 millim. Sierra Leone to Gold Coast.—Types in Paris Museum. er =I HAPLOCHILUS. 1-2. Ad. Sierra Leone. Mie.aJ.; Paul, Arnold: Ci.): 3-5. Ad. & Her. Liberia, +5 6-7. Ad. = G. A. Boulenger, Esq. (P.). 8. One of the types. Assini, Gold Coast. M. Chaper (C.); Paris Museum (T.). 16. HAPLOCHILUS DECORSII. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1904, p. 223. Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of head 31 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye; lower jaw projecting; eye nearly 4 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice us far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal. Anal 15-14. VPectoral 3 length of head. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longest rays sometimes as long as head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, each scale with a dark edge; a dark line from head to origin of dorsal; fins with carmine dots, caudal finely edged with carmine in the male. Total length 40 millim, Ubanghi.—Types in Paris Museum. 17. HAPLOCHILUS EXIGUUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. IH. (8) vili. LO1L, p. 265. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 33 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 55 times in length of head, 3 interorbital width; praorbital nearly 4 diameter ol eye. Vig. 42 Laplochilus eviguus. Chaat aulane meee Dorsal 8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; penultimate ray produced into a long filament (¢ ). Anal 12. Pectoral 2 length of head, barely reaching base of ventral ; latter small, equally distaut from end of snout and from root cf caudal. cr ioe) CYPRINODONTID, Caudal rounded, slightly shorter than head. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. 235 scales in longitudinal series, 22 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, sides tinged with carmine; a carmine streak on each side of the head, through the eye, and round the chin; another below the eye; gill-membranes, pectorals, and ventrals edged with carmine ; dorsal and anal with a longitudinal streak and some carmine spots; caudal bordered all round with carmine, with three bars of the same colour. Total length 52 millim. South Cameroon. 1. Type. Nyong River. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 18. HAPLOCHILUS ELEGANS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 113, pl. xlvii. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 345 (1901). Depth of body 43 to 54 times in total length, length of head 34 to 53 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 3 to 33 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 8, Haplochilus elegans. 3, type (A. M. C.). originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal produced into a filament in males, Anal 14-15, produced like the dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head, nearly reaching base of ventral; latter a little nearer end of snout than caudal. Caudal forked, upper and lower rays produced into filaments in the male. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. 30-32 scales in longi- tudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish or pale olive, brown on the back, most of the scales edged with carmine ; vertical fins with carmine dots and edged with carmine or dark purple. ‘Total length 40 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 1-3. Types. Bikoro, L. Tumba. M. PS Delhez(©.); fay, .a Coquillatville. AA Cr (es) HAPLOCHILUS. 19. HAPLOCHILUS PETERSITI. Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1882, p. 324, pl. v. fig. 6 *. Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; lower jaw projecting ; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head, 12 to 2 times in interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from occiput or posterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about 3 length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral a little shorter than head, reaching ventral or not guite so far. Ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a Fiv. 44. Huaplochilus petersii. 3 @, Dunkwa. x1}. little longer than deep. 30-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20 or 22 round body in front of ventrals; lateral-line pits feebly marked. Brownish or greenish, scales edged with carmine, with or without red spots; 6 to 10 vertical or more or less oblique dark bars may be present on each side; vertical fins with oblique series of small dark or red spots, cr (males) dark purplish grey with the lower edge of the anal and caudal yellow or orange, which colour sometimes also occupies thc upper berder of the caudal. Total length 55 millim. Gold Cvast.—Type in Paris Museum. epee te er. Dunkwa, Gold Coast. Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. (P-). 20. HAPLOCHILUS CALLIURUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 265; Arnold, Woch. Ag. Terr. LOL padded, to. Haplochilus elegans (non Bouleng.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. v. 1908, no. 23, pl. —. ? Haplochilus cameronensis (non Bouleng.), Triiber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 773, fig. * Tam informed by Dr, Pellegrin that the number of dorsal rays is incorrectly given as seven in the original description. 60 CYPRINODONTID<£. Depth of body 53 to 434 times in total length, length of head 34 to 3% times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, nearly as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 3% to 4 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; preorbital not more than 1 diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest ray # to $ length of head in female, antepenultimate produced into a long filament in male. Anal 12-13, the antepenuitimate ray pro- to 4 length of head, CAL9 duced into a very long filamentin male. Pectoral mee 6s tigscarioa 1) SSS THaplochilus striatus. do, type. 4. as many longitudinal bands; fins greyish, dorsal and anal edged with carmine and with a carmine median streak in the male; caudal spotted with carmine and with a carmine and white streak above and below. Total length 40 millim. Ogowe and Portuguese Congo. 1-4. Types. Abanga It., Ogowe, between Ist Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). and 2nd rapids. DepAul. Lunds, Luali R., Portuguese F Congo. 22. HAPLOCHILUS: SPILAUCHEN. Peeilia spilauchena, A. Dum. Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 258, pl. xxii. fig. 6. Apocheilichthys typus, Bleck. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p> LLG; pl. Axsive fig: 1. Preeilia bensonii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 395. Haplochilus spilauehen, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vi. p. 312 (1864) ; Sau Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. 1. 1870, p. 558, and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. geen Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 345 (1901) ; Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, x. saa p. 223 Gerlach, Bl Aq: Terr. 1911,op. 722, fig. Hiplochilichthys spilauchen, part., Garm. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xix. 1895, p. lot. ’ Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head 34 to 32 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye ; mouth terminal, jaws equal in front or upper slightly 62 CYPRINODONTID. projecting ; eye as long as postocular part of head, about # interorbital width ; preorbital about } diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from centre or posterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest rays nearly as long as head in male, much shorter in female. Anal 13-14. Pectoral 3 to # length of head, extending a little beyond root of ventral; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal, rather long and pointed in the male. Caudal nearly Fig. 47. Haplochilus spilauchen. 3 2, Gaboon. as long as head, rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line absent or represented by a few very few shallow pits. Brownish or dark olive-green above, whitish beneath; male usually with very numerous dark vertical bars, most distinct on the caudal part of the body; fins uniform white in the female; in the male, dorsal and posterior part of anal with numerous dark spots forming transverse series, and numerous vertical dark bars on the caudal. Total length 70 millim. West Africa, from Senegal to Lower Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. Geba R. at Bafata, Portug. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Guinea. 2-7. Ad. Lagos, in mangrove swamp. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 8-12. Ad. Degama, Lower Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). i3.. Her, Warri, i Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 14-15. Ad. Old Calabar. 3 16-18. Ad. & her. Miss Kingsley (C.). 19-23. Ad. Benito R., Spanish Guinea. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 24. Skel. me 4, a 25. Padi. Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C ). G41, 39293 84°95... Ad. & her. 36, Her. Ovowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). 37-38. Ad. Chiloango Town, Portuguese = Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 1 . Convo. HAPLOCHILUS. 63 23, HAPLOCHILUS HUTEREAUI. Bouleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. ii. 1913, p. 159. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 3% to 33 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye nearly as long as postocular part of head, about 2 to ? interorbital width; preorbital not quite 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal £-9, originating twice as far from end of snout Iaplochilus hutereau. Type. #4. or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays as long as head or a little shorter. Anal 13-15. Pectoral 3 to # length of head, extending beyond root of ventral; latter nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 23-24 scales in Jongitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line absent. Yellowish, the scales edged with dark brown; fins white, with four or five blackish bars or transverse series of blackish spots on the posterior half of the dorsal and anal and on the caudal. Total length 35 millim. Uelle River, Upper Congo, and Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Dunegu, Uelle. M. Hutereau ((.). 94, HAPLOCHILUS LOATI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 446, and Fish. Nile, p. 417, plaixxaxstigs (C1907): Depth of body 32 to 5 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Head flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye less than 3 times in length of head, as long as postorbital part of head, 1} times in interorbital width; preorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; G4 CYPRINODONTID. longest ray about 3 length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral about 2 length of head, extending to base of ventral ; latter small, nearly equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1} times as long as Fig. 49. TTaplochilus loati. Type (F. N.). 3. deep. 24-25 scales in longitudinal series, 14 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish olive above, the scales edged with darker, whitish beneath; usually a fine blackish lateral line ; fins white, without markings. Total length 25 millim. White Nile, Bahr-el-Gebel. 1-40. Types. Lake No. . I.. Loat, Esq. (C.). 41-44. Ad. vig. H. H. King, Esq. (P-). 45, Ad. Tashoda., L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 46, Ad. Gondokoro. 4 25. HAPLOCHILUS BINGU, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) sii. 1913, p. 566. Depth of body 53 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 to 35 times. Tlead flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye, which Vig. 50. Haplochilus hingit. Type. x13. equals postorbital part of head; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw pro- jecting ; interorbital width 13 to 14 times diameter of eye ; praorbital 4 to 1 diameter of eye. Dorsal 6-7, originating 1} to 2 times as far , HAPLOCHILUS. 65 from eye as from root of caudal, above middle or posterior third of anal ; longest ray avout 2 length of head. Anal 11-12. Pectoral about $ length of head, extending to beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Candal rounded, as long as or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 26-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, the scales on the sides and back finely edged with brown, the black powdered with brown ; a fine blackish lateral line; fins whitish, dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes blackish (males). Total length 34 millim. White Nile and Sobat. 1-5. Types. Khor on Sobat R. H.. HsKane, Msqa(.). 26. HAPLOCHILUS SCHOELLERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 136 ; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exv. i. 1906, p. 1142 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 415, pl. Ixxix. fig. 6 (1907). Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length, length of head 35 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout very short, shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye not more than 3 times in length of head, as long as or a little shorter than postorbital part of Haplochilus schoelleri. Type (F. N.). 3. head, 14 to 12 times in interorbital width ; preeorbital 4 to } diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating 13 to 1% times as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 12-13. Pectoral about § length of head, extending to base of ventral; latter small, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. 25-28 scales in longitudinal series, 14-16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish olive (blue in life), the scales finely edged with blackish, 66 CYPRINODONTID_E. often with a fine blackish lateral line ; dorsal and caudal colourless, the latter edged with red above and beneath in the male; other fins yellow. Total length 85 millim. Keypt. 1-8. Types. Near Lake Marcotis. (©. H. Schoeller, Esq. (P.). 9-48, 49-58, Ad. Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Men- I. Loat, Esq. (C.). & her. zaleh, 59. Ad. Birket Karun, Fayum. Dr. W. A. Cunnington and Dr. C. L. Boulenger (P.). 27. HAPLOCHILUS MOERUENSIS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool, Afr. iii. 1914, p. 447. Depth of body 43 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3} to 32 times. Head flat above ; snout very short, shorter than eye ; mouth CVU AS hm, $99 OK? IKE iia Haplochilus moeruensis. Type. x12. directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye 24 to 23 times in length of head, as long as postorbital part of head, about 1} times in interorbital width ; preorbital about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating about 14 times as far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 14-16. Pectoral about 2 length of head, extending to base of ventral ; latter small, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 26-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, top of head and back, and borders of the scales speckled with dark brown; fins whitish. Total length 34 millim. Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, ‘Tervucren. 1-6. Types. L. Mweru at Kilug. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 7-11. Types L. Mweru at Nkole. .” HAPLOCHILUS. 67 28. HAPLOCHILUS MACRURUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiv. 1904, p. 19. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3} to 4 times in total length. Head flat above; snout much shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye not quite 3 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width; preeorbital + to 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating at equa] distance from head and from root of caudal, or a little nearer Jatter, above middle of anal; longest rays 2 to 4 length of head. Anal 12-14, longest rays as long as head. Pectoral # length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter small, nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 24-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Pale brownish, finely speckled with darker; a fine dark lateral line ; some- TTaplochilus macrurus, 3,type. 4, times a dark spot in the axil and another at the base of the ventral fin ; fins uniform greyish. ‘Total length 50 millim. Angola, Old Calabar. 1-8. Types. Marimba, L. Sarmento, Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9-10. Ad. Quanza R. at Dondo, Angola. x 11-13. Her. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 299, HAPLOCHILUS KATANG. Bouleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. ii. 1912, p. 47, Depth of body equal to length of head, 33 to 3% in total length. Head flat above; snout shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head, considerably less than interorbital width; preeorbital } diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, above middle of anal; longest rays § to # length of head. Anal 14-15, 9 a "es . 3 ieee : rays not much longer than dorsals. Pectoral 2 to ® length of head, 68 CYPRINODONTID-£. reaching beyond base of ventral; latter small, nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of ventrals ; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, scales edged with brown; a blackish lateral streak along the lower half of the body, from Huaplochilus katange. Type. 2. the pectoral fin to the root of the caudal; fins uniform greyish, or dorsal and anal with small dark dots at the base. Total length 25 millim. Katanga.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. _ 1-2. Types. Lubumbashi R., near Elizabethville. M. Poppe (C.). 3-8. Ad. Elizabethville. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 30. HAPLOCHILUS CABINDAK. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 264, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. li, o5 pe ol €Po12). Depth of body equal to length of head, 35 to 33 times in total length. Ilead flat above; snout much shorter than eye; mouth directed ITaplochilus cabinde. Type. 4. upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting ; eye 2% times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width; preorbital } diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating at equal distance from head and from root of caudal, or nearer latter, above middle of anal; longest rays 3 length HAPLOCHILUS. 69 of head in female, nearly as long as head in male. Anal 14-15, longest rays 2 to 3 length of head. Pectoral # to $ length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral; latter much nearer end of snout than root of caudal, small in the female, produced to beyond origin of anal in male. Caudal truncate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. 29-31 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral-line pits. Yellowish, finely speckled with blackish, the vertebral line and a broad lateral baud olive-brown ; fins uniform greyish. Total length 52 millim. Portuguese Congo. 1-2. Types. Lucola R., near Cabinda. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3-4. Ad. Bueo Zau, Luali R. 34 31. HAPLOCHILUS JOHNSTONII. Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 627; Bouleng. Ann. Natal Mus. i. 1908, p. 220. LHaplochilus atripinna, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 46 (1896); Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1903, p. 271. Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head, not or but little shorter than postocular part of head, 1§ to 12 times in interorbital width; preeorbital nearly } diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest rays 3 to $ length of head. Anal 13-14. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, reaching base Haplochilus johnstonii. Ty pe. of ventral; latter moderately large, much nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, not or but slightly longer than head. Caudal peduncle 13 to 13 times as long as deep. 28-29 scales in longitudinal series, 18-20 round body in front of ventrals; no lateral- 6 Bou II/III 70 CYPRINODONTID. line pits. Pale yellowish brown, finely speckled with darker, especially on the borders of the scales; a fine blackish line runs along the side of the body ; fins greyish. Total length 47 millim. Nyasaland, Lake Rukwa, and Zululand. 1-8. Types. Fort Johnston. A, Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 9, Ad. Indukuduku, Zululand. Dr. E. Warren (P.). 62. HAPLOCHILUS MARNI. Haplochilus fusciolatus, part., Gtinth. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 358 (1866), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 258 (1869). : Haplochilus marnoi, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxiil. i. 1881, p. 198; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 418, pl. Ixxix. fig. 8 (1907). Depth of body 4% to 53 times in total length, length of head 3 to 35 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw feebly projecting; eye 3 to 34 times in length of head, 1$ to 14 times in interorbital width; preorbital } diameter of eye. one Ane Ady Haplochilus murni. Mongalla (F. N.). tele Dorsal 7-8, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest ray about 4 length of head. Anal 14-15. Pectoral about $ length of head, oochanie beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, Caudal rounded or obtusely pointed, nearly as long as head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 18-20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Pale brown above, yellowish white beneath, with 9 to 12 dark brown or blackish oblique bands on each side of the body, directed downwards and forwards; two or three similar bands may be present on the caudal fin; dorsal and anal purplish or bluish grey, the latter sometimes with small crimson spots. Total length 42 millim. White Nile and Bahr-el-Gebel.—Types in Vienna Museum. HAPLOCHILUS. (a 1. One of the types of Khartum. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). H, fasciolatus. 2-3. Ad. Khor Barboy, White Nile. H. H. King, Esq. (P.). 4. Ad. L. No, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 5. Ad. Mongalla, near Gondokoro. Dr. F. Werner (P.). 33. HAPLOCHILUS SENEGALENSIS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixi. i. 1870, p. 559, pl. vii. fig. 2; Wolterstorff, Bl. Aq. Dermal 91S) p. 82,7 fie: Haplochilus petersii ?, Triiber, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 33, fig. Depth of body 4} to 53 times in total length, leneth of head 32 or 3y times. Head flat above; snout as long as or a little shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards, low jaw projecting ; eye 3} to 4 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; preorbital barely + diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal, longest rays } to 3 length of head. Anal 15-16, Pectoral $ length of head, extending to base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, equally distant from end Fig. 58. Haplochilus senegalensis. Type, after Steindachner (J. ¢.). of snout and from root of caudal or a little nearer latter. Caudal rounded, slightly longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 26-29 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round middle of body. Pale olive, with carmine dots or with 10-12 oblique dark bars on the body, pointing downwards and forwards; a carmine or dark streak round the lower jaw; dorsal, anal, and caudal usually spotted with brown or purple, the spots forming oblique bars on the dorsal and anal and transverse bars on the caudal. Total length 50 millim. Senegal to Old Calabar.—Type in Vienna Museum. 1-2. Her. Dubola, French Guinea. Dr. Klaptser (C.). 3-4. Her. N. Territory of Gold Coast. Dr. A. Ingram (P.). 5-10. Ad. & her. Gold Coast. Dr. W. Wolterstorff (P.). 11-12. Ad. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (?.). ~I bo CYPRINODONTID, 34, HAPLOCHILUS ACUTICAUDATUS. Taplochilus senegalensis, var. acuticaulata, Pellegr. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, xxxvill. 1913, p. 84. Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total leneth, length of bead 3 to 33 times. Head flat above; snout as long as ora little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw feebly projecting; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 3 to $ length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal acuminate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Olive-brown above, yellow beneath, with about 10 oblique dark bars on each side. Total length 43 millim. Guidimoussi Pond, Lake Chad District.—Types in Paris Museum. 3d. HAPLOCHILUS LONGIVENTRALIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 266: Haplochilus spilargyreus (non A, Dum.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1911, p. 558, fig. Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 Umes. Head flat above; snout rounded, a little longer than eye ; Vig. 59. Haplochilus longiventralis. 3 9, types, Old Calabar. mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 33 to 33 times in length of head, 1% to 1? times in interorbital width ; preorbital barely 4+ diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal; longest rays $ to # length of head. Anal 15-16. Pettoral a little shorter than head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter » as long as head in females, much produced and at least as long as pectoral in adult males, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longer than head. Caudal CS OS HAPLOCHILUS. peduncle as long as deep, 25-27 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round middle of body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Pale brown above, yellowish beneath, with or without carmine dots; lower part of sides with numerous vertical or oblique dark brown or carmine narrow bars; some dark spots may be present on the dorsal and caudal fins. Total length 55 millim. Southern Nigeria. 1-6. Types. Swamps between Agwarba and Capt. R. D. Gardner (P.). Awka, L. Niger. (i oa Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). J. a Mouths of Niger. = 10-11. Ad. a 5 ” 36. HAPLOCHILUS MACROSTIGMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 268, and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. 3, p. 22 (1912) ; Wolterstorff, Bl. Aq. Terr. 1918, p. 83, fig. Haplochilus senegalensis (non Steind.), Arnold, Woch. Aq. Terr. 1912, p. 61, fig. 5 Traber, Bl. Aq. Terr-A912 pati ae. Depth of body 44 to 43 times in total length, length of head dF to 52 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed AA i: % acs N83 a \ SESS TTaplochilus macrostigma. Type. 4. upwards, lower jaw scarcely projecting ; eye 35 to 35 times in length of head, 14 to 1}? times in interorbital width; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third or fourth of anal; longest ray > length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 3 to % length of head, reaching base of ventral or a little beyond ; ines small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 scales in longitudinal serics, 18 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of 74 CYPRINODONTID. pits. Yellowish or pale olive, with large crimson spots; fins greyish, dorsal, anal, and caudal with crimson spots. Total length 55 millim. Portuguese Congo ; mouth of Congo. 1. Type. Lucola R. near Cabinda. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 2. Ad. Luculla R., Cliloango. 2 3-12. Ad. & hgr. Luali R. at Lundo. A 13-16. Ad. Boma, Congo. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 37. HAPLOCHILUS NIGRICANS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Atr. ii, 1913, p. 160. Depth of body 44 to 42 times in total length, length of head 383 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw slightly projecting; eye 35 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width ; preorbital about + diameter of eye. Dorsal 9, originating about twice as far froin head Fig. 61. LHiutplochilus nigricans. Type. 4. as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal, longest rays not much more than } length of head. Anal 15, longest rays 3? length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending to base of ventral or a little beyond; ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, longer than head. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 28-29 scalcs in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line absent or represented by a few pits. Dark brown, with traces of longitudinal series of red spots on the sides ; fins blackish. Total length 47 millim. Uelle River, Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Dungu. M. Hutereau (C.). 1 qn HAPLOCHILUS. 38. HAPLOCHILUS MULTIFASCIATUS. Bouleng. Bull, Soc. Nat. Luxemb. 1913, p. 43. Depth of body 5 to 51 times in total length, length of head 5% to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, as long as eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw scarcely projecting; eye 3% to 34 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width; preeorbital about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 8-9, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior fourth of anal, longest rays about 4 length of head. Anal 14-15, longest rays # to 3 length of head. Pectoral 3 length of head, just reaching base of ventral; ventral small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Candal pointed, median rays sometimes produced, longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 29-830 scales in longitudinal series, 20 round body in front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of feeble pits. Pale brownish, with 7 blackish vertical bars, two above the anal and two on the caudal peduncle; narrower bars sometimes present ITuplochilus nultifusciatus. Type. x1}. between the principal ones ; two black bars across the chin; dorsal and caudal whitish, with small blackish spots; distal half of anal blackish, the bars of the body usually extending on its white basal half. Total length 45 millim. Kasai, Congo.—Types in Luxemburg Museum. 1-6. Types. Kondue, Kasai. M. E. Luja (C.). 7-12. Ad. 55 6 ” 39. HAPLOCHILUS GRAHAMI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 267. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye 3 to 53 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width ; preorbital barely 1 diameter of eye. Dorsal 7-8, originating about twice as far from 76 CYPRINODONTID_E. occiput as from root of caudal, above posterior fourth of anal, longest rays 4 to 2 length of head. Anal 15-16, longest rays $ to } length of head. Pectoral } length of head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and trom root of caudal. Caudal pointed, longer than head. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 28-50 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in he ea aii” ey Y ss EX Ki Ty M4 Tuplochilus grahami. 3,type. 4. front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish or pale brownish, with or without small crimson spots ; 5 to 7 blackish vertical bars on the body, some reaching the back, some confined to the lower half of the body; a black blotch at the base of the caudal fin ; fins greyish (yellow in life), caudal with small purplish-brown spots. Total length 53 millim. Southern Nigeria. 1-5. Types. Swamps near Lagos. Dr. W. M. Graham (P.). 6. Ad. Old Calabar. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 7-8. Ad. W. Africa. Mr. E. Marré (P.). 40. HAPLOCHILUS BIFASCIATUS. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxsiii. i. 1881, p. 199; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 419, pl. Ixxix. tig, 9 (1907), Depth of body 4} to 52 times in total length, length of head 3] to 34 times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw scarcely projecting; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head, 15 to 12 times in interorbital width ; preeorbital very narrow. Dorsal 6-7, originating twice as far from head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest ray % to $ length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral 3 to $ length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal pointed, considerably longer than head. Caudal peduncle as or long as deep. 27-28 scales in longitudinal series, 16-18 round body in HAPLOCHILUS. 77 front of ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish brown, with two more or less distinct brown bands along each side, the upper extending from above the gill-cover to the caudal peduncle, the lower from the eye to the caudal; breeding male brilliantly coloured with red, purple, and blue; fins whitish, yellowish, or greyish, un- spotted or (male) with round red or orange spots on the caudal, the By: ROR msi NT aace sD ash bo CENTRARCHIDA. North and East Coasts of Australia, and the islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, some species being exclusively marine, others occurring principally in fresh and brackish waters. 1. KUHLIA. Dules, part., Cav. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 111 (1829) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p- 266 (1859). Kulhlia, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 48 ; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 35 (1895). Moronopsis, Gill, op. cit. 1863, p. 82. Boulengerina (non Dollo), H. W. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Philad. lviii. 1906, p. 512. Safole, Jord. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlii. 1912, p. 655. Body oblong, strongly compressed ; scales moderate or large, ciliated ; lateral line complete. Mouth large, protractile; maxillary exposed, without supplemental bone; teeth in jaws in villiform bands; teeth on vomer, palatines, entopterygoids, and ectopterygoids; preorbital and preoperculum denticulate; operculum with two spines. 6 branchiostegal rays; pseudobranchie large. Dorsal with 10 spines, anal with 3, both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Vertebre 25 (10-11+14-15). 3 or 4 species appear to be represented in African fresh waters. It is doubtful whether A. taniura should be included, as, in the Sonth Pacific, its habitat is believed to be confined to the sea, about reefs. Synopsis of the Species. I. 40-45 scales in lateral line ; middle rays of caudal § to 3 length of outer; 17-18 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; body spotted. . . 2. 2. 1. . . « « 1. K. rupestris, Lacep., p. 93. II. 50-56 scales in lateral line ; middle rays of caudal less than 4 length of outer ; 23-28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; body not spotted. A. 9-11 soft rays in dorsal, 10-11 in anal; length of head 24 to 3} times in total length. Base of anal not or but slightly longer than its distance from caudal, which bears five black bands, one in the middle and two on each lobes. 6 6 6 fee Ewe Bw a wD Bene, Clk Ve poo: Base of anal considerably longer than its distance from caudal, which has a blackish posterior CdSe wo oe al dele Se & we ee ee Bh Geo Re Vo eG: B. 11-13 soft rays in dorsal, 12-13 in anal ; length of head 3} to 4 times in total [peos. Jenoth 2g (hoe hk ee eee’ A, Kicandonitata, Lacey KUHLI14A. 93 1. KUHLIA RUPESTRIS. Centropomus rupestris, Tacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. pp. 252 & 273 (1802). Perca ciliata, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 52 (1828). Dules fuscus, Cuv. & Val. op. cit. iii. p. 118 (1829) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1855, p. 432; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 268 (1859) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 10 (1868); Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 149, pl. xv. fig. 4 (1891). Dules rupestris, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 119, and vii. p. 477 (1831) ; Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder]. Ind. vi. 1854, p. 209; Giinth. t.c. p. 268; Sauv. op. cit. p: 150, pl. xli. B. fig. 3. Dules quamensis, Cuv. & Val. op. cit. vii. p. 474; Hombr. & Jacq. in Dumont d’Urv. Voy. Péle Sud, Poiss. pl. iii. fig. 1 (1846); Gimth. t. c. p. 269; Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. viii. 1883, p. 257. Dules vanicolensis, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 478 ; Hombr. & Jacq. 1. ¢. fig. 2. Percichthys ciliata, Giinth. t. ec. p. 62. Kuhlia ciliuta, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 48. Paradules rupestris, Bleek. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. 1865, p. 276. Moronopsis rupestris, Bleck. Arch. Néerl. vii. 1872, p. 8379, and Atl. Ichthyol. vii. p. 121, pl..ccexlix..figs2 (1876). Dules marginatus, Day, Fish. Ind. p. 67, pl. xvill. fig. 1 (1875). Dules-haswellit, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. v. 1880, p. 359. Moronopsis fuscus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i. 1881, p. 240. Kuhlia rupestris, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 36 (1895); Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 3, fig. (1896) ; Seale, Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. i. 1903, p. 75 ; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 375. Kuhlia rupestris hedleyi, Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxii. 1897, p. 167. Kuhlia cerulescens, Regan, t. c. p. 376, fig. Kuhlia sauvagii, Regan, t. c. p. 377. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 22 to 54 times. Snout as long as or a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 34 to 5 times in length of head ; interorbital width 3 to 52 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior third, centre, or posterior third of eye, the width of its distal extremity 3 to 3 diameter of eye; top of head rugose; cheek and opercle with large ciliated scales; lower border of preoperculum finely denticulate, entire in old specimens; lower opercular spine strong, usually much stronger than upper. Gill-rakers 17 or 18 on Jower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X 11, originating above or just behind vertical of axilla; fifth, or fourth and fifth spines longest, + to 3 length of head, shorter than anterior soft rays; last spine much longer than penultimate, as long as 94 CENTRARCHID#. ora little shorter than third. Anal IIT 10, longer than its distance from caudal; third spine a little longer than second, 3 to 3 length of longest soft rays. Pectoral } to 2 length of head. Caudal emarginate; middle rays 2 to 2 length of outer. Scales 40-45 eae Bluish or olive above, silvery beneath, some or all of the scales with a blackish or reddish-brown Fig. 76. ane a } : *) an ; 4) y Manish ice Ain ae 7 WA SS Per ae j i} KX WACK HARRY. kerr ON Muy 2 BS WV IO aa 440 40) , Ma Seat Wee Kuhlia rupestris. Madagascar, after Sauvage (op. cit.). spot; round dark spots usually present at the base of the anal fin; part of the soft dorsal brown or blackish; caudal brown or blackish at least at the end, with a more or less distinct light edge. Total length 400 millim. East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarene Islands to the Malay Archi- pelago and Islands of the South Pacific * .—Type in Paris Museum. 1-3. Ad. & her. Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 4. Type of A. sauvagit. Imerina, Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron (C.). D Eers’ * Mauritius. Zoological Society. 6-10. Ad., hgr., & yg. Rodriguez. J. Gulliver, Esq. (C.). 11. Skel. 99 35 * In the case of this and other widely distributed species, not confined to fresh waters, only the African specimens in the Collection are enumerated here. KUHLIA. 95 2 SUR LTA £AaNTURA, Dules teniurus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 114 (1829); Bleek. Verh. Batav Gen. xxii. 1849, Perc. p. 49; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 267 (1859) ; Kner, Novara, [ische, p. 47 (1865). Perca argentea, Benn. Fish. Ceylon, pl. xxii. (1830). Dules bennetti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1855, p. 432 ; Ginth. t. c. p. 270. Dules argenteus, Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 62; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 25, pl. xix. fig. C (1873) ; Day, Fish. Ind. p 67, pl. xviii. fig. 2. (1875) ; Waite, Proc: Linn. Soe. N.S: W. (2) 1x. 1894, p..217. Paradules teniurus, Bleek. Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. 1871, p. 130. Moronopsis teniurus, Bleek. Arch. Néerl. vii. 1872, p. 74, and Atl. Ichthyol. vii. p. 109s pl tecexly)fig.vo" (1876). Moronopsis argenteus, Klunz. Fische Roth. Meer. p. 25 (1884). Kuhlia arge, Jord. & Bollm. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889, p. 159; Jord. & Higenm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. viii. 1890, p. 419. Kuhlia teniura, Jord. & Bollm. 1. c.; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 39 (1895) ; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. xxiii. 1905, p. 202, fig. ; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 381. Kuhlia sterneckii, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, evii. i. 1898, p. 461, pl. —. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 33 to 52 times. Snout = diameter of eye, which is 2% to 3} times in length of COTS 5a 2 S2 y woe ISKS hss S2 Kuhlia teniura. Mauritius. 4. head and equals interorbital width ; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye, the width of its distal extremity } to 4 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with 96 CENTRA RCHID.X. large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of preoperculum finely denticulated ; lower opercular spine long. 28 to 26 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X 9-11, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth or fourth and fifth spines longest, 2 to 3 length of head, longer than anterior soft rays; tenth spine as long as or longer than ninth, as long as third or shorter. Anal III 10-11, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from caudal; third spine a little longer than second, as long as tenth dorsal. Pectoral } length of head. Caudal deeply forked, median rays 3 to ? length of outer. Scales 50- a) — Silvery, bluish grey on the back ; top of soft dorsal blackish ; caudal with five black bands, one along the middle rays and two _ pairs converging posteriorly ; young with a dark streak on each side of the back, below the base of the dorsal. Total length 200 millim. East Africa, Islands of Indian and ‘Tropical Pacific Oceans, New South Wales.—Type in Paris Museum, 1-2. Hgr. Socotra. Prof. I. B; Balfour (C.). 3-5. Yg Mombasa. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). Gy Ve¢: Zanzibar. Dire. Kirk (CH. Tend, Seychelles. S. Ward, Esq. (P.). 8-9. Her. Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres (©.). 10. Her. S. Africa ? Sir A. Smith (P.). 11. Ad. Mauritius. Royal College of Surgeons. 3. KUHLIA MALO. Dules malo, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vii. p. 479 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p- 270 (1859). Dules mato, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool. ii. p. 223 (1831) ; H. W. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Philad. lviii. 1906, p. 512. Dules marginatus, part., Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 24 (1873). Moronopsis argenteus, var. sandvicensis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxiv. i. 1876, p. 200. Dules humilis, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ix. 1884, p. 396. Moronopsis sandvicensis, Steind. Sitzb, Ak. Wien, xevi. i. 1887, p. 56, pl. i. fig. 1. Kuhlia malo, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 40 (1895) ; Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixx. 1900, p. 483; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm, xxiii. 1905, p. 207. Dules marginatus boninensis, H. W. Fowler, t. c. p. 510, fig. Kuhlia humilis, Douglas Ogilby, Ann. Queensl. Mus. x. 1911, p. 46, pl. vis hig ls Regan, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1913, p. 380, fig. KUHLIA. 97 Kulhlia proxvima, Kendall & Goldsbor. Mem, Mus. Comp. Zool. xxvi. 1911, p. 282, pl. iii. fig. 2. : Kuhlia sandvicensis, Kendall & Radel. op. cit. xxxv. 1912, p. 106; Regan, t. ¢ p. 381. Kuhlia splendens, Regan, t. e. p. 379, fig.* Depth of body 25 to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 to 32 times. Snout $ to $ diameter of eye, which is 24 to 3 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 times in length ot head; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye, the width of its distal extremity } to 4 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of Kuhlia malo. Rodriguez. preoperculum finely denticulated ; lower opercular spine strong. 25 to 28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch f. Dorsal X 11, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth or fourth and fifth spines longest, 4 to 2 length of head, as long as or a little longer than anterior soft rays; tenth spine longer than ninth, as long as or a little shorter than third. Anal III 11-12, much longer than its distance from the caudal ; * In the only specimen in which the caudal fin is intact, the median rays measure 12 millim. and the longest 28, exactly in the same proportion as in the type of K. boninensis figured by Fowler. t 21 in the type of K. boninensis (fide Fowler) which otherwise agrees very closely with our specimen from Rodriguez. J8 CENTRARCHID-, third spine as long as or a little- shorter or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to 2 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, median rays 3% to a little less than 4 length of outer. Scales 50-856 — “i Silvery, back darker; caudal with bla kish posterior edge. Total length 235 millim. Islands of the Indian and ‘Tropical Pacific Oceans, and Queensland.— No type in existence, the species being founded on a drawing of a specimen from fresh-waters of Tahiti F. 1-2, 3. Types of K. Rodriguez, fresh water. G. Gulliver, Esq. (P.). splendens. 4. Skel. a5 A :: 5. Type of A. splendens. Mauritius. Chatham Museum. 6. Ad., stffd. S. Africa (?). | Sir A. Smith (P.). 4, KUHLIA CAUDOVITIATA. Holocentrus caudavittatus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. pp. 332 & 367 (1802). Dules caudavittatus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii, p. 117 (1829), and vii. p. 475 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 267 (1859) ; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 151, pl. xviii. fig. 3 (1891). Kuhla caudovittata, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 41 (1895) ; Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 379, Kuhlia boninensis (non Fowler), Regan, t. c. p. 378. Depth of body 22 tc 3 times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Length of snout % diameter of eye, which is 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye, the width of its distal extremity nearly 4 diameter of eye; cheek and opercle with large ciliated scales; angle and lower border of preoperculum finely denticulated ; lower opercular spine strong. 25 to 28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch f. Dorsal X 11-13 §, originating just behind vertical of axilla; fifth spine longest, 4 to } length of head, longer than * 4 scales from sheath at base of spinous dorsal to lateral line in the specimens here recorded, 4 to 6 in specimens from the Sandwich Islands. t+ The identification of Dules malo will ever be a matter of uncertainty, but I cannot follow Kendall and Goldsborough in transferring the name to a fish with large black spots. $ 27 in the specimen from Tahiti preserved in the Museum. § The statement in the original description that 14 soft rays are present in the dorsal is no doubt due to the last being split to the base and reckoned as two, according to the custom of early ichthyologists. The specimens from Mauritius which I have examined in the Paris Museum have not more than 13. KUHLIA,.—POLYCENTROPSIS. 89 anterior soft rays; tenth spine not or but very slightly longer than ninth. Anal III 12-13, longer than its distance from caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal deeply forked, middle rays not more than ? length of outer. Scales 52-55 aa Silvery, bluish grey on the back; caudal black-edged and with an angular blackish band within the border. Total length 190 millim. Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Society Islands, and probably other islands in the South Pacific.—Type believed to be lost. Family 2, NANDID. Perciform fishes with the suborbitals not produced into a subocular lamina, with teeth on the palate, no entopterygoid, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 6 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed ; soft portion of dorsal not more developed than anal; latter with 3 or more spines. Precaudal vertebre with transverse processes from the seventh or eighth; ribs mostly sessile, behind the transverse processes. Fresh waters of West Africa, South-Eastern Asia, and South America. 1. POLYCENTROPSIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 8. Body short, elevated, very strongly compressed; scales moderately large, ciliated ; lateral line incomplete, reduced to a few tubes. Mouth large, extremely protractile, the ascending processes of the pre- maxillaries extremely long and extending to the occipital region ; villiform bands of very small teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and on the palatines; anterior nostril tubular; head for the greater part covered with scales; preorbital, preoperculum, and interoperculum serrated ; operculum ending in a spine. No pseudobranchie. Dorsal and anal fins nearly equally developed, with scaly sheath at the base, the former with 15 to 17, the latter with 9 to 12 strong spines, the soft portion much reduced. Ventrals below the pectorals, close together, with a strong spine. Vertebre 23 (10+13). West Africa. 100 NANDIDZ. 1. POLYCENTROPSIS ABBREVIATA. Bouleng. 1. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 2; Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 34. Depth of body twice in total length, length of head 24 to 24 times. Snout acutely pointed, chin projecting ; eye as long as or a little longer than snout or interorbital width, nearly 3 to 54 times in length of head ; maxillary extending to below centre or posterior third of eye; 6 to 9 series of scales on the cheek. 9 to 11 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, shorter than gill-lamine. Dorsal XV—XVII 9-11; spines increasing in length to the fourth or fifth and decreasing from the seveuth or eighth, longest 4 length of head and a little longer than soft rays. Anal IX—XII 8-9. Pectoral 4 length of head. Ventral longer, produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal Vig. 79. Polycentropsis abbreviata. Type (P. Z. 8. 1901), truncate. Caudal peduncle extremely short. Scales 31-35 as lateral line 4-6. Pinkish brown, uniform or marbled with darker; spinous dorsal and anal dark brown, with darker and lighter spots and edged with black; ventrals blackish; soft dorsal and anal, and caudal white, blackish, edged with pink, at the base. Total length 80 millim. Lagos, Niger, Ogowe. 1. Type. Mouth of Ethiop R., Niger Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Delta. 2. Skel. e ‘ ag - 3-6. Ad. & hgr. Oguta, Low. Niger. F i Vg. Abo, 95 bs 8. Ad. Assay, A J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 9-10, Ad. Low. Niger. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). Ll, Hot, Lagos. Sir A. Moloney (P.). MORONE. 101 Fam. 5. SERRANID. Perciform fishes with the second suborbital produced into a subocular lamina (subocular shelf), usually with teeth on the palate, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 6 or 7 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed ; soft portion of dorsal usually not much more developed than anal; latter usually with 3 spines. Ribs usually sessile on the anterior vertebrae, inserted on the transverse processes when these are well developed. Mostly marine and represented over the greater part of the world, Five genera have members in African fresh waters. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Villiform teeth on the palate ; 7 branchiostegal rays. Ventrals a little behind vertical of base of pectorals, without scaly basal process; dorsal fins con- tiguous or narrowly separated from each other ; tongue with teeth . . . . : . 1. Morone, Mitch., p. 101, Ventrals below or slightly behind Hake of nected with scaly basal process ; dorsal fins contiguous or narrowly separated ; tongue’without teeth . 2. Lutes, 0. & V., p. 105. Ventrals a little behind base of pectorals, with scaly basal process ; dorsal fins widely separated ; tonguenwithout teeth? «9)) csigsiam «i ¥..inied: Luctolates, Blor.cp. 110. IT. Teeth on palate in a single series ; 6 branchiostegal rays. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with scaly basal process ; scales large, cycloid ; a small spine, directed forwards, in front of dorsal fin . . . 4. Ambassis,C.& V., p.111. Ventrals a litile behind vertical of base of pectorals, without scaly basal process; scales small, ctenoid ; a very strong opereular spine . . . 5. Therapon, Cuv., p. 113. 1, MORONE. Mitchell, Rep. Fish. N. York, p. 18 (1814), part. ; Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p- 115 ; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 125 (1895), and Fish. Nile, p. 447 (1907). Labrax (non Pall.), Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 55 (1828) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 63 (1859). Dicentrarchus, Gill, t. c. p. 111. Body more or less elongate, moderately compressed ; scales moderate or rather large, ctenoid; lateral line complete. Mouth moderate or 8 Bou II/III 102 SERRANID. rather large, protractile ; maxillary exposed, without supplemental bone ; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; tongue with patches of teeth. Prieoperculum serrated; operculum with two feeble spines. 7 branchiostegal rays. ‘Two dorsals, contiguous or narrowly separated, with 9 to 11 spines; anal short, with 3 spines. Ventrals a little behind vertical of base of pectorals. Vertebra 25 (12413). Coasts and mouths of rivers of the North Atlantic, as far south as the Senegal, and Mediterranean, sometimes ascending rivers; fresh waters of North America (Mississippi and eastwards), ‘Two species occasionally ascend the Lower Nile and the Senegal. , 1. MORONE LABRAX. Perca labrax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 482 (1766); Donov. Brit. Fish. ii. pl. xliii. (1802). Perca punctata, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1311 (1789). Sciena labraz, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, vi. p. 52, pl. ecci. (1792). Sciena diacantha, Bloch, t. e. p. 58, pl. cecil. Perca diacantha, Bloch, Schneid. Syst. Ichth. i. p. 85 (1801). Centropomus lupus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. p. 267 (1802). Perea elongata, Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. pl. xix. fig. 1 (1809). Perca sinuosa, I. Geoffr. op. cit. p. 316, pl. xx. fig. 3. Labrax lupus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 56, pl. i. (1828) 5 Yarr. Brit. Fish i. p. 6, fig. (1836) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun, Ital., Pesci (1836) ; Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. i. p. 23 (1838) ; Costa, Faun. Nap., Pesci, pl. v. (1850) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. 63 (1859) ; Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. 1862, p. 496; Couch, Brit. Fish. i. p. 189, pl. xl. (1862) ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 175; Brito Capello, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i, 1867, p. 154," figs. ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lvi. i. 1867, p. 606; Canestr. Faun. Ital., Pesci, p. 78 (1874) ; Collett, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christ. 1874, no. 3, p. 15 (1875) ; Day, Fish. Gr. Brit. p. 8, pl. ii. (1880) ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii. p. 333 (1881); Lilljeb. Sver. Norg. Fisk. i. p. 55 (1881); Mobius & Heincke, Fische Ostsee, p. 31 (1883) ; Doderl. Man. Ittiol. Medit. iv. p. 16 (1889). Labrax elongatus, Cuyv. & Val. t.c. p. 775 Giinth. t. ¢. p. 64. Labrax vulgaris, Guérin, Icon. Regne Anim., Poiss. pl. i. fig. 4 (1829). Labrax diacanthus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 110; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 96. Dicentrarchus elongatus, Gill, t. c. p. 111. Labrax linnei, Malm, Goteb. Bohus!. Faun. p. 379 (1877). Dicentrarchus labrax, Jord. & Higenm. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. viii. 1890, p. 425. Roceus labrax, Smitt, Scand. Fish. i. p. 45, fig. (1893). Morone labraxv, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 180 (1895), and Fish. Nile, p. 447, fig. (1907). MORONE. 103 Depth of body 33 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 to 32 times. Snout 13 to 2 times diameter of eye, which is 5 to 7 times in length of head in adult; interorbital space wide, covered with cycloid scales; lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; vomerine teeth forming a crescentic group; 4 to 6 strong antrorse spines on lower border of praoperculum ; lower opercular spine ‘stronger than upper. Gill-rakers longer than gill-lamine, 16-18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII-IX, I-II 12-13; fourth and fifth spines longest, 2 to # length of head. 5 5 Fig. 80. A 4 \ y KAO) © WBS am Morone lubraux. L. Menzaleh (¥. N.). 2. Anal III 11-12; third spine longest, } to 4 length of head. Pectoral 2 tod length of head. Caudal emarginate, middle rays about % length of outer. Scales 65-80 io in the adult, sometimes black-spotted in the young and half-grown; a blackish spot at the end of the gill-cover. Attains a length of 800 millim. Mediterranean and ceasts of Europe, as far north as Finmark. Silvery, back grey or olive, without spots 1-2. Ad. L. Menzaleh. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 3. Ad. Barrage N. of Cairo.. Capt. 8. 8. Flower (C.). 2. MORONE PUNCTATA. Sciena punctata, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, vi. p. 64, pl. ecev. (1792). Perea punctulata, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. p. 418 (1802). Perca punctata, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss. p. 316, pl. xx. fig. 2 (1827). Labrax punctatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 175 ; Brito Capello, Jorn. Se. Lisb. i. 1867, p. 154, figs. ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lvi. i. 1867, p. 607, and Ix. i. 1869, p. 671 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii. p. 337, fig. (1881) ; 104 SERRANID.E. Doderl. Man. Ittiol. Medit. iv. p. 23 (1889) 5 Bellotti, Atti Soc. Ital. Se. Nat. xxxili, 1891, p. 121. Labrax orientalis, Giinth. 1. ¢. P Labrax schoenleinit, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 95, and 1866, p. 512. Dicentrarchus orientalis, Jord. & Eigenm. Bull. U.S. Pish. Comm. vill. 1890, p. 425. Dicentrarchus punctatus, Jord. & Higenm. t. ¢. p. 426. Morone punctata, Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. p. 131 (1895), and Fish. Nile, p. 449, fig. (1907). Very closely allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the more triangular shape of the group of vomerine teeth, which is often Fig. 81. Morone punctata, L. Menzaleh (F.N.). 2. trilobed behind; the larger eye, which is but slightly shorter than the snout and + to 2 length of head and nearly equals interorbital width in the adult; the presence of ctenoid scales on the top of the head; and the larger scales on the body, which are in 58 to 65 longitudinal and 8-10 iij7 transverse series. Upper half of the body constantly spotted with black. ‘Total length 360 millim. Mediterranean and coasts of Atlantic from Normandy to Senegambia. 1-2. Types of L. orien- Alexandria. J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). talis. 3. Her. Near Gemil, L. Menzaleh. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 4—5, Ad. L. Menzaleh. a 6-10. Her. & yg. L Borollos. Pe it Mg, L. Mareotis. + 12-15, or: St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). Or LATES. 16 2. LATES. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 88 (1828) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 67 (1859) ; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. 1. p. 361 (1895), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 380 (1901), and Fish. Nile, p. 452 (1907). Body elongate, moderately compressed, covered with moderate or small ctenoid scales; lateral line complete, extending on the base or nearly to the extremity of the caudal fin. Mouth large, protractile ; maxillary exposed, with supplemental bone; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer, palatines, and ectopterygoids. Preeorbital, preeoperculum, and exposed parts of post-temporal and clavicle serrated ; operculum ending inaspine. 7 branchiostegal rays. ‘lwo dorsals, contiguous or narrowly ‘separated, with 8 or 9 spines; anal short, with three spines; both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ventrals below or slightly behind base of pectorals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebree 25 (12413). Fresh waters of Africa (Nile, Senegal, Niger, and Congo Systems) ; mouths of rivers and coasts of South-Eastern Asia and North Australia. Synopsis of the Species. Se. 60- 80 = a = to diameter of eye in adult; caudal ; interorbital space at least equal rounded ; caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer thandeep . . . . , 1. L. niloticus, L, p. 105. Se. 100-130 25 interorbital space at least equal to diameter of eye in adult ; caudal truncate or slightly emarginate ; caudal lag aay ee longer than deep . . . 2. L. microlepis, Blgr., p. 108. Se. 125-150 } ae ae diameter of eye ; caudal rounded; caudal interorbital space about 4 peduncle much longer than deep . . . 3. LZ. angustifrons, Bler, p. 109. 1, LATES NILOTICUS. Perca nilotica, Linn. in Hasselq. Reise Paleest. p. 404 (1762), and Syst. Nat. i. p. 483 (1766) ; Sonnini, Voy. Egypte, ii. p. 292, pl. xxii. fig. 3 (1799). Centropomus niloticus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. p. 277 (1802). Perea latus, I. Geoftr. Deser. Egypt, Poiss. p. 280, pl. ix. fig. 1 (1827). Lates niloticus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 89 (1828), and iii. p. 490 ( (1829) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 67 (1859), and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p- 207 (1869) ; Steind., Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 672, pl. i.; Bouleng. Cat. Fish. i. 106 SERRANID. p. 362 (1895); Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 2, fig. (1896); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 381 (1901) ; Lortet & Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Ivyon, viii. 1903, p. 188, figs.; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 452, pls. Ixxxiv. & Ixxxv. (1907). Depth of body 23 to 4 times in total length, length of head 23 to 34 times; shape very variable, the upper outline of the head usually more or less concave. Snout rounded, as long as or a little longer than eye (much longer in very large specimens); lower jaw projecting; eye 4 (young) to 7 times in length of head, # to 14 times in interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below posterior border of eye or beyond, the width of its distal extremity at least three-fourths diameter of eye ; pra- and suborbitals finely serrated ; cheek, gill-cover, and occiput with large scales ; preeopercular border forming nearly a right angle, finely serrated Fig. 82. es gee - aR NOE SE Lates niloticus. Khartum (F.N.). 2. 9 on vertical limb, with 3 or 4 strong spines on lower limb, and with one or two still stronger spines at angle; a single opercular spine ; clavicle with some strong denticulations above the base of the pectoral fin. Gill-rakers rather long, 15 to 17 (including knob-like rudiments) on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsals VII-VIII, I-Il 10-14, connected at the base; spines strong, first and second short, third very strong, longest + (adult) to § (young) length of head, usually as long as or longer than longest soft rays. Amal II] 7-9; spines short, second and third equal or third longest. Pectoral nearly } to 3 length of head. Caudal rounded. All the soft rays of the vertical fins 1.ore or less densely scaled, at least at base. than’ deep. “Seales 60=680) 5: UATES. 8-12 107 Caudal peduncle as Jong as deep or a little longer Uniform brown or olive above in the adult, silvery beneath, sometimes tinged with yellow, young usually (occa- sionally up to a length of 250 millimetres) marbled with brown, sometimes uniform ; very young specimens (under 70 millimetres) with more or less irregular dark brown cross-bands, the first of which extends on the deepest part of the dorsal fin ; fins whitish, dark at the base in the young. Reaches a length of 1800 millim. Nile, Senegal, Niger, Lakes Chad, Rudolf, and Abbaya, Congo. 1-2. Yg. 3-4. Her. oF Ng 6-14. Yg. 15-16. Ad. & hgr. 17-26. Hgr. & Yg. 27-31. Ad. & yg. 32. Skel. 33-34, 35-38. Her. & yg. Don wg: 40-41. Yg. 42-43. Hor. 44, Yg. 45 You 46. Her. 47-48. Yo. 49-58. Yg. oo MAd: 60. Her. OLY ¢. 62. Hgr. 63.2¥ 2: 64. Her. 65-69. Ye. 70. Ad. L. Menzaleh. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, L. Menzaleh. Lower Nile. Samannud, Barrage N. of Cairo, Beni Souef. Birket Karun. ” Near Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Kosheh, Nubia. Khartum. Rosaires, Blue Nile. Fashoda. Polkom, Baro R. (Sobat). Mouth of L. No. L. No. Butyaba, L. Albert. R, Shari-wasu, at Maidugari. R. Yo sdis Chad. Kano, Hadeya R., L. Chad. Komadugu R., St. Louis, Senegal. Kaédi, 53 Geba R. at Batata, Portug. Guinea. Culufi R. at Bafata, Portug. Guinea. Niger. 2 ~ Dr, J..C. Mitchell (P.). Li, Loat,,.Wsq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.) > 29 Dr. J. Anderson (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 99 J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). Capt. 8. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 9 Paris Museum (E.). M. P. Delhez (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3) Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). 108 SERRANID-E. (Oy) Her: Erpkon, Upper Niger. J. S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 77-79. Ye. Agberi, Lower * Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 80, Yo. NR. Benue, N. of Ibi. H. L. Norton Traill, Esq. (C2: Si, Va: Boma, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). $2; Ad, Dolo, Stanley Pool. M. LP. Delhez (C.). 83. Ad. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 84. Yu. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 2. LATES MICROLEPIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 6, pl. i. fig. 1, and 1899, p. 87, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 3882 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 555. Lates marwe, Steind. Anz. Ak. Wien, 1909, p. 399. Depth of body 33 to 33 times in total length, length of head 23 (young) to 35 times. Upper profile of head nearly straight or slightly concave snout as long as eye in young, up to 24 times in adult ; eye 34 (young) to Fig. 83. Lates microlepis. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1898). sfn 9 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 diameter of eye in very young, greater than eye in adult; maxillary extending to below centre or posterior border of eye, the width of its distal extremity 2 to 2 diameter of eye; preorbital finely serrated ; cheeks, opercles, and occiput covered with small scales ; preeopercular border forming nearly a right angle, sometimes a little produced at the angie, finely toothed cn its vertical LATES. 109 limb, with 2 or 3 widely separated spines on its lower border, and with one or two very strong spines at the angle; a strong opercular spine ; 2 to 5 strong spines on the clavicle. 13 to 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsals VII, I-II 11-12, contiguous or completely separated ; first spine very short or minute, third very strong, longest, 3 (adult) to 2 (young) length of head; longest seft rays 3 to $ length of head. Anal IIT 8-9; spines short, second and third equal. Pectoral 4 to 2 length of head. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales 100-130 we Silvery, back olive-grey, spinous dorsal brown; young spotted or marbled with dark brown. Reaches a length of 1340 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 3-5. Ad. & her. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 6-7. Ye. Kituta. ” 8. Her. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 9-10. Her. Mouth of Little Rusisi Rh. - 11-13. Ad. & her. Middle of lake, in deep Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). water. ee Yo. L. Tanganyika. y 15. Skel. Albertville. Capt. Heeq (C.). 3. LATES ANGUSTIFRONS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 555, pl. xxxv. fig. 1. Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Upper profile of head nearly straight; snout a little longer than eye, which is 4 to 43 times in length of head and nearly double interorbital width ; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior third or centre of eye, the width of its distal extremity 2 to } diameter of eye; pre- and suborbitals finely serrated; cheeks, opercles, and occiput covered with small scales; praopercular border forming nearly a right angle, finely toothed on its vertical limb, with 3 widely separated spines on its lower limb, and with a very strong spine at the angle; a strong opercular spine; 4 or 5 strong spines on the clavicle. 14 gill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsals VII, I 11-12, connected at the base; first spine minute, third very strong, longest, about } to 3 length of head; longest soft rays 4 to nearly } length of head. Anal III 8; spines short, second and third equal. Pectoral } or not quite 3 110 SERRANID. length of head. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 1% to 2 times as 14-18 38-45" shading to white below; middle région of body faintly mottled with long as deep. Scales 125-150 Yellowish, darkish grey above, grey; ventral fins yellowish. Lates angustifrons. Type (Tr. ZS. 1906). 3. Total length 265 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1, Type: Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 2. Her. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 3. LUCIOLATES. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 442. Closely allied to Lates, but body more elongate, dorsal fins widely separated from each other, and ventral fins behind vertical of base of pectoral. Lake Tanganyika. 1. LUCIOLATES STAPPERSII. Bouleng. |. ¢. Depth of body 43 to 5 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head strongly compressed, 3} times as long as broad; snout pointed, twice as long as eye, which is 5 to 54 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; lower jaw projecting; maxillary not extending to below anterior border of eye; serrature of preorbital vers LUCIOLATES.—AMBASSIS. 111 fine, scarcely distinct; praoperculum with the posterior border finely toothed, the lower border with 2 or 3 small spines and the angle with two stronger spines; a rather small opercular spine. Gill-rakers long and slender, 22-24 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsals VI, I-II 9-10, the distance between them greater than the length of either ; first and sixth spines minute, easily overlooked, second longest, nearly 4 length of head; longest soft rays not quite 4 length of head. Anal IlI 9, spines very feeble. Pectoral very asymmetrical, upper rays longest, 2 to 2 length of head. Caudal with deep, crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 3 to 33 times as long as deep. -Scales 93-100 Bail Brown, with a white ventral band; base of pectcral fin black. Total length 580 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Kilewa Bay. Dr. I.. Stappers (C.). 2. LUCIOLATES BREVIOR. Bouleng. t.c. p. 443. Agrees very closely with the preceding, but body less elongate ; distance between dorsal fins not exceeding the length of either, and eye larger. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 3 times, Head 3 times as long as broad; eye 14 times in length of snout, 4 times in length of head, and nearly twice interorbital width. 24 gill-rakers. 9 Dorsals VI, 11 9. Anal III 8. Caudal peduncle not quite 3 times as 6 long as deep. Scales 90 5). Total length 310 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 4. AMBASSIS. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 175 (1828) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 222 (1859). Body oblong or short, strongly compressed; scales large, cycloid ; lateral line complete. Mouth moderately large, protractile ; maxillary exposed, without supplemental bone; teeth in jaws villiform; small teeth on vomer and palatines. Preorbital and preoperculum serrated, operculum without a prominent spine. 6 branchiostegal rays. Dorsal divided into two portions by a deep notch, with 8 spines, preceded by a small spine directed forwards; anal similar in size to the soft part of the dorsal, with 3 spines; both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ti2 SERRANID®. Ventrals blo.v base of pectorals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebre 24 (10+14). Indian and Pacific Oceans; a few species in fresh waters. One species is to be included in the African fresh-water fauna *. 1. AMBASSIS COMMERSONIL. Centropomus ambassis, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. p. 273 (1802). Ambassis commersonii, Cuv. & Wal. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 176, pl. xxv. (1828); Bleek. Verh. Batay. Gen. xxii. 1849, p. 30; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 223 (1859); Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 10 (1868) ; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 52, pl. xv. fig. 3 (1875); Bleek. Atl. Ichthyol. viii. p. 136, pl. Ixxiv. fig. 5 (1877) ; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 4, fig. (1896). Ambassis macracanthus, Bleek. Verh. Batav. Gen. xxii. 1849, p. 30; Giinth. t. @. po 227- Ambassis productus, Guichen. Mém. Soe. Sci. Cherbourg, xii. 1866, p. 130. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout convex, as long as or shorter than eye, which is 24 (young) to 34 Fig. 85. a Hee Pa m ) Wee Ambassis commersonir. Type, after Cuvier and Valenciennes. aL times in length of head; interorbital width 34 to 3} times in length of head; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior * The statement, in Playfair and Giinther’s ‘Fishes of Zanzibar,’ p. 18, that Ambassis urotenia, Blky., occurs in fresh water in the Seychelles is probably a mistake, and is not repeated in Playfair’s later list of the Fishes of the Seychelles (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867). The same remark applies also to Apoyon hyalosoma, Blkr. AMBASSIS.—THERAPON. 113 fourth of eye; preorbital strongly serrated; preoperculum with two strongly serrated edges; no opercular spine; two series of scales on the cheek, Gill-rakers long and slender, 17-19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII, 1 10; second spine longest and strongest, % to once length of head, eighth about as long as fourth, 4 to 2 length of head. Anal III 10; third spine longest, as long as eighth dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ~ length of head. Caudal deeply emarginate. Scales 28-29 x Back greenish brown; a silvery lateral band; membrane between the second and third dorsal spines blackish or closely speckled with black, at least near the edge. Total length 150 millim. East Coast of Africa to the Malay Archipelago and the North Coast of Australia; often found in fresh water.—Types in Paris Museum. 1-4, Ad.& yg. = Zanzibar. Sir. L. Playfair (P.). o-7. Hgr. & yg. Rovuma R. Dr. Livingstone (P.). 8-10. Her. - 80 miles from coast. Sir J. Kirk (C.). 11-12. Yes. Dar-es-Salaam, German FE. Africa. Mr.J. Paul Arnold (P.). 13. Ad. Orilaky R.,at Tongabory, Madagascar. Paris Museum (K.). 5. THERAPON. Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 295 (1817) ; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 125 (1829) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 274 (1859), part. Body oblong, strongly compressed ; scales small, ciliated; lateral line complete. Mouth moderately large, feebly protractile; maxillary exposed, without supplemental bone; teeth in jaws villiform, with an outer series strongly enlarged and conical; a single series of small teeth on vomer and palatines. Prorbital, preoperculum, and exposed parts of post-temporal and clavicle serrated ; operculum with a strong spine. 6 branchiostegal rays. Dorsal divided into two portions by a deep notch, with 11 or 12 spines; anal short, with 3 spines; both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ventrals behind the vertical of the base of the pectorals. Vertebre 25 (10+15). Air-bladder divided into a shorter anterior and a longer posterior portion by a constriction. Indian and Pacific Oceans, some species entering rivers. 1. THERAPON JARBUA. Sciena jarbua, Forsk. Descr. Anim, p. 50 (1775). Holocentrus servus, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, iv. p. 80, pl. eexxxvill. fig. 1 (1790). Holocentrus jarbua, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. pp. 348, 355 (1802). 114 SERRANIDE. Grammistes servus, Bloch, Schneid. Syst. Ichthyol. i. p. 185 (1801). Coius trivittatus, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, p. 92 (1822). Therapon timoriensis, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Uran. & Physic., Zool. p. 341 (1824). Therapon servus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. iii. p. 125 (1829), and vii. p. 479 (1831) ; Riipp. N. Wirbelth. Abyss., Fische, p. 95 (1840); Giinth. Cat. Fish. 1. p. 278 (1859) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 10 (1868) ; Bleck. Atl. Ichthyol. vii. p. 112, pl. xxxiv. fig. 2 (1875) ; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 26 (1873). Therapon trivittatus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Fish. p, 19 (1850). Therapon jarbua, Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 729; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 69, pl. xviii. fig. 4 (1875); Klunz. Fische Roth, Meer. p. 26 (1884) ; Jord. & Seale, Bull. Bur. Fishes, xxv. 1906, p. 265. Depth of body 22 to 3} times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Snout convex, as long as eye in adult, a little shorter in young ; Tig. 86. Therapon jarbua. India, After Day (op. ctt.). Doin ° eye 3 (young) to 33 times in length of head, interorbital width 3 to 33 times; maxillary extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; a broad band of villiform teeth, with an outer series of rather large teeth; cheek and opercle covered with small scales; whole border of pre- operculum serrated, the serre strongly enlarged at the angle; a very strong and long opercular spine. Gill-rakers 10-13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI-XII 10-11, originating behind vertical of axilla; first spine very short, third, fourth, or fifth longest, } to $ length of head, last much longer than penultimate ; anterior soft rays longest, shorter than longest spines. Anal III 7-8; second and third spines equal, or third a little longer, as long as or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to § length of head. Caudal rather deeply notched, median THERAPON.—CORVINA. 115 rays more than } as long as longest. Scales 80-90 aoe Silvery, back olive; three olive-brown or blackish streaks on each side, the upper below the spinous dorsal, the second from the nape to the caudal peduncle, the third from the occiput to the caudal; fins white or pale yellow; a large black blotch on the spinous dorsal, a smaller one at the tip of the soft dorsal ; caudal with five blackish bands, one along the middle rays and two pairs converging posteriorly. Total length 250 millim. From the Red Sea aud the East Coast of Africa to China and the North Coast of Australia, the Solomon Islands, Samoa, and Fiji ; entering rivers, 1. Ad: Red Sea. Marquis G. Doria (P.). 2-4. Her. Abd-el-Kuri. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq., & Dr. H. O. Forbes (P.). 5. Ad. Mombasa. R. J. Cuninghame, Esq. (P.) 6-7. Yg. Rovuma R. Dr. Livingstone (P.). 8. Ad. Zanzibar, Sir L. Playfair. 9, Ad., skin, % ‘5 10. Hgr. Mouth of Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk. 11-12. Ad. Durban. -— Sergeant, Esq. (P.). Fam. 4. SCLANIDE. Differing from the Serranide in the anal fin being very much shorter than the soft dorsal and with one or two spines only ; palate toothless. Mostly marine and represented over the greater part of the world. Two genera in African fresh waters :-— NOR Came steS terres betes: oat hewn th band shal eam dice ORUINGs-CUV,, Paleo. Wiminesteet yess picker My pei ee ree 2. Otolitins, Cav., p. Liv. 1. CORVINA. Cuv. Régne Anim. 2nd. ed. ii. p. 173 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 86 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 296 (1860). Body elongate, compressed ; scales moderate or rather small, ctenoid; lateral line complete, extending to the extremity of the caudal fin. Mouth large, protractile, more or less oblique ; maxillary exposed, partly or nearly entirely concealed when the mouth is closed ; teeth in villiform 116 SCLENIDA, bands, some or all of the outer more or Jess enlarged but not canine-like. Preoperculum serrated; no opercular spines. 7 branchiostegal rays. ‘T'wo dorsals, connected at the base, the first not more than half as long as the second and with 9 or 10 spines; anal short, with 2 spines. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with basal scaly process. Vertebre 24-25 (104+14—15)*. Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, several species entering rivers. 1. CORVINA NIGRITA. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 103 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 297 (1860), and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xvi. 1865, p. 49; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 692, pl. vill. ; Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 35. Corvina clavigera, Cuv. & Val. t.c. p. 101. Depth of body 34 to 3% times in total length, length of head 54 to 4 times. Snout and nape with convex profile; snout projecting a little Fig. 87. Corvina nigrita, Senegal, after Steindachner (J. ¢.). 4. beyond lower jaw, as long as eye (shorter in young); eye 3 (young) to 43 times in length of head, nearly equal to interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below posterior third or posterior border of eye; head covered with scales, except on the lips. Gill-rakers as long asor a little * On the bony swellings sometimes present at the base of the dorsal and anal spines, ef. Giinther, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xvi. 1865, p. 48. CORVINA.—OTOLITHUS. a7, longer than gill-lamine, 14 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X 82-37; first spine very short, second and third equal or latter the longer, $, or a little more than 43, length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal IT 5-7, below middle of soft dorsal; second spine very strong, } to 2 length of head. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter. Caudal lanceolate. 50-60 scales in longitudinal series. Silvery, greenish on the back ; dark streaks, often very indistinct, along the oblique series of scales on the back and sides; spinous dorsal with a large dark blotch, soft dorsal often with round dark spots. Total length 425 millim. West Coast of Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo, entering rivers.— Type in Paris Museum. 1-5. Ad, her, & yg. — St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 6. Skel. oy rn 4 7-8. Ad. Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). S)e Jalias es Old Calabar. Miss Kingsley (C.). 10= Hig: Chiloango R., at Sassa Drow: Ansorge (C.). Zau. IY gr: Luali R., at Lundo, 5: inp . : \ : Portuguese Congo. 2. OTOLITHUS., Cuv. Régne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 172 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 59 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 305 (1860); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 384 (1901). Pseudotolithus, Bleck. Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 59. Body elongate, compressed ; scales moderate or rather small, ctenoid ; lateral line complete, extending to the extremity of the caudal fin. Mouth large, protractile, oblique ; maxillary nearly entirely concealed when the mouth is closed; teeth cardiform, intermixed with larger, canine- like teeth. Praoperculum serrated ; no opercular spines. 7 branchio- stegal rays. ‘Two dorsals, connected at the base, the first not more than half as long as the second and with 9 or 10 spines; anal short, with 2 spines. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with basal scaly process. Vertebre 24-25 (10-11+14). Air-bladder with processes or appendages, ‘Tropical and Subtropical seas, some species entering rivers. 9 Bou II/III 118 SCIANIDZ. 1. OTOLITHUS SENEGALENSIS. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ix. p. 476 (1833) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 687, pl. vi., and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 17; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 385 (1901). Pseudotolithus typus, Bleck: Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 99, pl-ay. fig. 1 Depth of body 41 to 43 times in total length, length of head 33 to 5% times; upper profile between snout and dorsal fin nearly straight. Lower jaw projecting a little beyond upper; snout a little longer than eye, which is 52 to 6} times in length of head and nearly equals interocular width; maxillary extending to or a little beyond vertical of posterior Fig. 88. Otolithus senegalensis, Senegal, after Steindachner (/.¢.). 3. border of eye; head covered with scales, except on the lips, which are rather strongly developed. Gill-rakers nearly as long as gill-lamine, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsals [X—X, I 27-30, continuous or subcontinuous; first spine extremely short, third longest, a little more than } length of head; longest soft rays hardly $ length of head. Anal II 7-8, originating under middle of second dorsal; spines short. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Caudal lanceolate. 50-60 scales in longitudinal series. Silvery, olive or greenish on the back; dark streaks along the oblique series of scales on the back and sides; spinous dorsal greyish. Total length 350 millim. West Coast of Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo, entering rivers.—T'ype in Paris Museum. 1. Ad. R. Bonny. J. Wood, Esq. (P.). OTOLITHUS.—PSETTUS. ES) 2. OTOLITHUS MACROGNATHUS. Pseudotolithus macrognathus, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p61, pl: xiii. tig. 2. Otolithus macrognathus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 690, pl. vii. Very closely allied to the preceding, but depth of body about 3} times in total length, “upper profile very convex between snout and dorsal fin, and eye larger, as long as snout in adult, exceeding interocular width, and 53 (young) to 5 times in length of head. Dorsals X, I 25-26, ‘Total length 280 millim, Senegal to Congo.—Type in Leyden Museum. 1-4. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 5. Skel. - Af ts Ga, Ym. danana, Low. Congo. Brussels Museum (1.). Fam. 9. SCORPIDID/D. Aberrant Perciform fishes with subocular shelf, with teeth on the. palate, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 6 or 7 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side, as in the Serranide, but ribs all sessile, inserted behind the transverse processes when these are present. Spinous dorsal more or less developed, some- times much reduced ; anal with 3 spines. Ventrals, if well developed, with 1 spine and 5 soft rays, sometimes rudimentary or absent. Coasts of Africa, Southern Asia, and Australasia. Represented in the fresh waters of Africa by the aberrant genus Psettus, three species of which are known to enter rivers. 1. PSETTUS. Cuy. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vii. p. 240 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 486 (1860) ; Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 793. Monodactylus (non Klein), Lacep. Hist. Poiss. ili. p. 131 (1802). Centropodus, Lacep. t.c. p. 303. Acanthopodus, part., Lacep. op. cit. iv. p. 557 (1802). Stromatoidea, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 44 (1861). Body very deep and strongly compressed ; scales very small, ctenoid ; lateral line complete. Mouth moderately large, protractile ; maxillary exposed ; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer, palatines, and tongue ; T20 SCORPIDIDE. 6 branchiostegal rays; pseudobranchie large. Dorsal and anal elongate and thickly scaled, the former with 7 or 8, the latter with 3 spines; anterior spines short and isolated, posterior elongate but only their extremity projecting from the scaly skin. Ventrals very small or rudimentary, below the pectorals. Vertebrae 23-24 (9-10+14). Air- bladder bifurcate behind. Coasts of Africa, Southern Asia, and Australasia. Synopsis of the Species. Depth of body 1} to 2 times in total length ; D. VIIL 27-30; A. IIT 27-30; 20-24 gill- rakers on lower er of anterior arch ; ventral [ps 220, Wittho@ SOleTays « « 2 6 & @ & @ e-me w ds P. fulciformis, Lacep., Depth ef body 14 to 14 times in total length ; D. VIII 28-30; A. IIT 29-32; 17-19 gill- rakers; ventral with 2 to 4 soft rays... . 2. P. argenteus, L., p. 121. Depth of body greater than length; D. VIII (x: irae VII) 31-34; A. IIT 34-38 ; 20-24 gill-rakers ; ? ventral with or without 1 or 2 soft rays . . . 3. P. seba, C.& V., p. 123. 1. PSETTUS FALCIFORMIS. Monodactylus faleiformis, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. 11. pl. v. fig. 4 (1801), and iii. p. 132 (1802). Pettus commersoni, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vil. p. 250 (1831). Psettus fuleiformis, Giinth, Cat. Fish. ii. p. £58 (1360) ; Day, Fish. Ind. p._234, pl. li. A. fig. 6 (1876); Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 334 (1891); M. Web. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 142. Stromatoidea layardi, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 44 (1861). Psettus orbicularis, Guichen Mém. Soc. Sci. Cherbourg, xii. 1866, p. 136, Psettus argenteus, part, Klunz, Fische Roth. Meer. p. 117 (1884). Depth of body 14 to 2 times in total length, length of head 2% to 33 times. Snout about + as long as eye, which is 2 to 23 times in length of head and exceeds by } or ¥ interorbital width; maxillary extending to below anterior fourth of eye; head entirely covered with very small scales. Gill-rakers long, 20-24 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VILL 27-30; last spine 4, ora little less than 4, length of head; anterior soft rays much longer, forming an obtuse lobe. Anal III 27-30 ; third spine 2 to } length bs head. Ventral very small but well developed, with a spine and 5 soft rays. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. 50-60 tubes in lateral line. Silvery, back brownish ; extremity of anterior dorsal and PSETTUS. Tr anal rays blackish ; young with 7 or 8 brown vertical streaks, the first passing through the eye, and a broader band round the caudal peduncle. ‘Total length 160 millim. From the Red Sea to South Africa, eastwards to Polynesia.—Type in Paris Museum. LyAd. Red Sea. 2 Ad: Mombasa. R. J. Cuninghame, Esq. (P.). 3-4. Ad. Durban. Mrs T. Ayres:(C2): 5-6. Ye. Illovo R., near Durban, Prof. M. Weber (P.). in fresh water, (Ee Algoa Bay. J. M. Leslie, Esq. (P.). s-14. Her. R. Chalumna, near King Major H. Trevelyan (P.). Williamstown, 12 miles from sea. 15. Skel. R. Chalumna. a aN Nae rae Sema e ee SSG Sowa, = ae = ipa Ae Ph a oS = Se ao SES o SS SSSR << sy = =. Ss os. : . i) = r= \S> Dsettus falcipinnis. Algoa Bay. 4. 2. PSETTUS ARGENTEUS. Chetodon argenteus, Linn. Amoen, Acad, iv. p. 249 (1759), and Syst. Nat. i. p. 461 (1766). Scomber rhombeus, Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 58 (1775). Centrogaster rhombeus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1338 (1788). Centropodus rhombeus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 304 (1802), Acanthopodus aryenteus, Lacep. op. cit. iy: p..d38. 122 SCORPIDIDA. Pettus rhombeus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vii. p. 215 (1831); Val., Cuv. Regne Anim. IIl., Poiss. pl. xlii. fig. 2 (1836). Psettus argenteus, Richards. Ereb, & Terr, Fish. p. 57, pl. xxxv. figs. 1-3 (1846) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 487 (1860); Kner, Novara, Fische, p. 164 (1869) ; Klunz. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx. 1870, p. 794; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 235, pl. li. B. fig. 5 (1876) ; Giinth. Fische Siidsee, p. 140 (1876); Klunz. Fische Roth. Meer. p. 117 (1884), part.; Douglas Ogilby, Hd. Fishes N.S. Wales, p. 91 (1893). Monodactylus rhombeus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Fish. p. 172 (1850). Monodactylus argenteus, Bleek. & Pollen, Fauna Madag., Poiss. p. 65 (1874). Depth of body 1} to 1$ times in total length, length of head 3 to Fig. 90. Pettus aryentéus. India, after Day (J. ¢.). 32 times. Snout much shorter than eye, which is 2) to 3 times in length of head and equal to or a little greater than interorbital width ; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye ; head entirely covered with very small scales, 17-19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII 28-30; last spine 2 to 2 length of head; anterior soft rays moderately produced. Anal III 29-32; third spine 2 to % length of head. Ventral reduced to a small spine and 2 to 4 soft rays. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle PSETTUS. 123 a little deeper than long. 50-60 tubes in lateral line. Silvery, back sometimes brownish; dorsal and anal fins brown or blackish in front ; young with a dark brown band from the nape to the throat, passing through the eye, and another from the nape to between the ventral and the anal, over the base of the pectoral. Total length 210 millim. Red Sea and East Coast of Africa to Polynesia. 1 Ad:;iskin: Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). aie Se Me ss Ae Vig: Mouth of Zambesi. Sic J. Kirk (P-): 5, 6-8. Ad., her., & ye. Rodriguez. G. Gulliver, Esq. (P.). J. Her. Rodriguez, fresh water. . 3. PSETTUS SEB... Chatodon rhombeus (non Forsk.), Bloch, Schneid. Syst. Ichth. i. p. 235 (1801). Psettus sebe, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vii. p. 241, pl. elxxxix. (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 486 (1860) ; Bleek. Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, p. 68 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 713, and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 19; Pellegr. Ball. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 35. Gasterosteus rhombeus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 7 (1844). Body deeper than long; length of head 23 to 3 times in total length. Snout much shorter than eye, which is 24 to 3 times in length of head and equal to or a little greater than interorbital width; maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye; head entirely covered with very small scales. Gill-rakers long, 20-24 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VIII (rarely VII) 31-34; last spine % to once length of head; anter.or soft rays produced, the fin falciform in front. Anal IIT 34-88 ; third spine nearly or quite as long as head. Pectoral ? to # length of head. Ventral reduced to a very small or minute spine, with or without one or two soft rays. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as deep aslong. 48-55 tubes in lateral line. Silvery or brownish, uniform or with traces of three dark vertical bands, which are always present in the very young: the first passing through the eye, the second through the base of the pectoral, the third extending from the anterior soft rays of the dorsal to those of the anal. Total length 160 millim. West Coast of Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 124 SCORPIDID.X. Fig. 91. nt RW) aM RA 8 aie RAV NY PILL, KY SN \ ee hy) Sa — so SSS a WN } OL} I, YU f te Wy Uy SS Pettus sebu. Type, after Cuvier aud Valenciennes. j. 1-3. Ad. & ye. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 4-6. Hor. & yg. Lagos Lagoon. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). 7. Skel. Gold Coast. &. Hor. Nanna Kru, Liberia. W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). 9, Ad. Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). LOE Ye Niger Delta. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 11-12. Yo. Old Calabar. 4 Lis Sank Warri, Old Calabar. Miss Kingsley (C.). 14. Skel. (‘ameroon. Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). 15-16. Ad, Benito R., 15 miles from G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). mouth. 17. Her. Gaboon. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). 18. Ad. Lucola R., near Cabinda, Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 19-20. Ad. Banana, Congo. M. P. Dethez (C.). 21, ker 5 cP Capt. Wilverth (C.). 29-93, Hor. ” Dr. Jackson (C.) ; Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). ML, OS. Dus au, W. Africa. Or PRISTIPOMA. 12: Fam. 6. PRISTIPOMATID. Perciform fishes with the suborbitals not produced into a subocular lamina, without teeth on the palate, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 5 to 7 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed, usually as long as or longer than the soft, which is often much longer than the anal ; latter usually with 3 spines. Precaudal vertebrae with transverse processes from the third, these processes bearing the ribs. Seas of the temperate and tropical regions, a few species in fresh waters. Representatives of three genera enter rivers in Africa. I. Maxillary nearly entirely concealed when the mouth is closed. A central groove behind the symphysis of the lower jaw ; ventrals below base of pectorals . . . 1. Pristipoma, Cuv., p. 129. Lower jaw with pits, but without central groove ; ventrals a little belind vertical of base of PeetOrAlS to. 0 eee s » lol Rite canbe. INagramma, Cuv...p.127. II. Maxillary exposed. Ventrals below base of pectorals. . . . . . « 3. Otoperca, Blgr., p. 130. 1. PRISTIPOMA. Cuv. Régne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 176 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 2435 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 286 (1859) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 386 (1901). Body oblong, compressed; scales moderate or rather large, ctenoid ; Jateral line complete. Mouth moderately large, protractile ; maxillary folding under the preorbital; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws; a central groove behind the symphysis of the lower jaw; preoperculum denticulate; no opercular spines. 7 branchiostegal rays ; pseudo- branchie large. Dorsal with 11 to 14 spines, anal with 3, both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebree 26-27 (10-11+16). Tropical and subtropical seas, Mediterranean. One species has been reported from West African rivers in perfectly fresh water. 126 PRISTIPOMATID.®. 1. PRISTIPOMA JUBELINI. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 250 (1830); Bleek. Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 54, pl. xii. fig, 2; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1869, p. 675, pl. ii., and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 7; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 387 (1901). Depth of body 2$ to 8} times in total length, length of head 8 to 35 times. Snout with straight upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head and 1; to 13 times in interocular width; maxillary extending to below Pristipoma jubelint. Senegal, after Steindachner (7. ¢.). 3. nostrils or anterior border of eye; snout naked, rcmainder of head covered with scales. 13-16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI-XI1 15-16; spines very strong, increasing in length to the fourth, which measures 3? to 3 length of head and exceeds longest soft rays. Anal IIT 8-9; second spine very strong and longest, 2 to 2 length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} to 1% times as long as deep. Scales 00-60 ae Silvery, back bluish grey, with more or less distinct blackish dots following the oblique series of scales; a blackish opercula: PRISTIPOMA.—DIAGRAMMA. 127 spot; a series of round blackish spots at the base of the dorsal fin, between the rays, sometimes with a second series higher up. Total length 290 millim. West Coast of Africa, from the Senegal to Angola.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-6. Ad. & yg. St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C). 7. Her. Nanna Kru, Liberia. W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). 8. Her. Degama, Lower Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9-10. Her. Niger. Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). 11. Skel. i ss 12. Ad. ‘ W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). to Ad: Benito R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 14. Yg. Chiloango Town. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 19.. Hor: Chiloango R. at Mayili. a 16. Ad. Loango R., at N’kutu. - LIAN e. Landana, Lower Congo. Dr. Jackson (C.) ; | Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). 18-19. Yg. Banana, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). 20-21. Ad. & her. Angola. R. J. Cunninghame, Esq. (P.). 22nd Quanza R., at Cunga, Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Angola. 23-24. Yg. Bengo R., at Quifan- » gondo, Angola. 2. DIAGRAMMA. Cuy. Régne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 176 (1829); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 290 (1830); Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 318 (1859); Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 388 (1901). Body oblong, compressed ; scales small or moderately large, ctenoid ; lateral line complete. Mouth rather small, protractile, horizontal ; maxillary folding under the preorbital; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws; 4 to 6 pits on the chin; preoperculum denticulate ; no opercular spines. 6 or 7 branchiostegal rays ; pseudobranchie large. Dorsal with 9 to 14 spines, anal with 3. Ventrals a little behind vertical of base of ventrals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebre 26-27 (11+15-16). Tropical and subtropical seas, Mediterranean, some species entering fresh waters. Two of these are dealt with here :— 128 PRISTIPOMATID_E. D. XII-XIIT 18-21; Se. 80-100 3°"? ; second anal spine longer than longest dorsal ; caudal truncate or feebly emarginate . . . . .) 1. De griseum, C. & V., p. 128. D. XIV 16; Se. 55-60 ngs ; second anal spine nearly as long as longest dorsal; caudal rounded: ji) pas']a!) ole ils os ool nahn 4s, 008, Dimacroleprs: Blorz pay: 1. DIAGRAMMA GRISEUM. Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. v. p. 306 (1860) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 321 (1859) ; Playf. & Giinth. Fish. Zanzib. p. 26, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1866) ; Playf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 850; Day, Fish. Ind. p. 81, pl. xxi. fig. 2 (1875), and Suppl. p. 785 (1888) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1889, p. 245. ~. Jhagramma jayakari, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 656. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length, length of head 5 to 33 times. Upper profile of head curved; snout as long as or a little Fig. 93. eae fom ¥. Diagranma griseum. After Playfair and Giinther (/.¢.). 4. 9 aa i 3 eqnals or a little exceeds interocular width ; mouth extending to below nostrils or anterior border of eye; lips thick; 4 pits on the chin ; longer than eye, which is 22 (young) to 34 times in length of head and posterior border of preoperculum rather strongly denticulated ; oper- culum with two blunt points; part of snout naked, remainder of head covered with scales, 16-17 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII—-XILI 18-21; spines rather strong, increasing in length to DIAGRAMMA. 129 the fourth, which measures } to 4 length of head and equals longest soft rays. Anal III 7-8; second spine very strong, longest, longer than any of the dorsals. Pectoral about § length of head. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales §0-100 <= Greyish brown, uniform or with a darker network, or with light transverse streaks. Total length 260 millim. East Coast of Africa to Coasts of India.—Type in Paris Museum. Lev iier: Zanzibar. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 2-5. Ad., hgr., & yg., se ‘ skins, 6. Ve. Seychelles, in a mountain = torrent. Dagramma macrolepis. Dy pei(AMii©:)s oes 2, DIAGRAMMA MACROLEPIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 50, pl. xxvi. (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 388 (1901). Diagramma crassispinum (non Riipp.), Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 6. Depth of body 25 to 22 times in total length, length of head 31 to 3% times. Upper profile of head descending in a steep curve; snout as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 4 times in length of 130 PRISTIPOMATIDZ, head and equals interocular width; mouth extending to below nostril or anterior border of eye; lips very thick; 4 pits on the chin; posterior border of preoperculum strongly denticulated ; operculum with two blunt points; snout naked, remainder of head covered with scales. 18 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 16; spines very strong, increasing in length to the fourth or fifth, which measures 3 to } length of head, and nearly equals longest soft rays. Anal IIL 6-7; second spine very strong, longest, nearly as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 to # length of head. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle scarcely longer than deep. Scales 55-60 om Dark brown to purplish black, lighter under the head and on the belly. Total length 400 millim. West Coast of Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Ad. St. Louis, Senegal. M P. Delhez (C.). 3. Hor. Mouth of Benito R. Madrid Museum (E.). 3. OTOPERCA, ¢. n. Larimus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii, p. 266 (1860). Body oblong, compressed; scales moderate, ctenoid; lateral line complete. Mouth moderately large, protractile; maxillary exposed when the mouth is closed; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws; preoperculum denticulate ; no opercular spines. 7 branchiostegal rays ; pseudobranchie large. Dorsal with 12 spines, anal with three, both tins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebre 26 (10+16). A single species, marine, but entering rivers. 1. OTOPERCA AURITA. Larimus auritus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. viii. p. 501 (1831) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. ii. p. 266 (1860). Pristipoma macrophthalmum, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Ges. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p- 52, pl. xii. fig. 1; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. 1. 1869, p. 684, and Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 9. Depth of body 22 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to 31 times. Snout with convex upper profile, much shorter than eye 5 pper p ye, which is 24 (young) to 5 times in length of head and equals or a little exceeds interocular width; maxillary extending to below anterior third OTOPERCA. 131 or centre of eye; snout naked, remainder of head covered with scales. 20-22 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII 11-13; spines moderately strong, third or third and fourth longest, 3 to § length of head and exceeding longest soft rays. Anal III 8-9; second and third spines equal, 3 to ? length of head. Pectoral as long Fig. 95. | Ait Weahideimny cara. HOS RA AN Dh , es pai = 5 i Ny) Otoperca aurita. Ambas Bay. 2 ze as head. Caudal rather deeply emarginate. Candal peduncle about 15 times as long as deep. Scales 48-52 ot Silvery, brown or olive on the back; a blackish opercular spot; a rather indistinct series of round dark spcts on the base of the dorsal fin. Total length 180 millim. West Ccast of Africa, from Senegambia to Angola.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-3. Ad. & yg. Niger. Mr. L. Fraser (C.). 4, Skel. 9 »” 5-6. Ad. Aimbas Bay, Cameroon. Miss Kingsley (C.). GpAd. Coast of Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). hoe SPARID: Fam. 7. SPARIDA5. Perciform fishes with a subocular shelf, usually without teeth on the palate, the teeth in the jaws often either cutting in front or molar-like on the sides, separate lower pharyngeal bones, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 6 to 7 branchiostegal rays, and two nostrils on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed, the soft not much more developed than the anal; latter with 3 spines. Precaudal vertebree with transverse processes from the second or third, these processes bearing the ribs. Seas of the temperate and tropical regions; one representative in the fresh waters of Africa. 1. SPARUS. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 467 (1766), part.; Cuy. Regne Anim. ii. p. 271 (1817), part. Pagrus, Cuv. t. ce. p. 272; Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. vi. p. 141 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 465 (1859). Chrysophrys, Cav. & Val. t. ec. p. 81; Giinth. t.¢. p. 483. Body oblong or short, compressed ; scales moderate, feebly ctenoid ; lateral line complete. Mouth moderate or rather large, protractile ; maxillary folding under the preorbital; canine teeth in front of the jaws and rounded, molar-like teeth in two or three rows on the sides. 6 branchiostegal rays; pseudobranchie large. Dorsal with 11 or 12 spines, anal with 3, both fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Ventrals below base of pectorals, with a scaly basal process. Vertebre 24 (104-14). Distributed over the tropical and temperate seas of the world. 1. SPARUS VAGUS. Chrysophrys vagus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 681, and Reise Mossamb. iv. pL, pliaitig, 1 (1868), Depth of body about 2} times in total length, length of head about 3 times. Snout with straight upper profile; snout a little longer than eye, which is 4 times in length of head; upper jaw projecting a little beyond lower; maxillary extending to below anterior third of eye; lips thick ; six conical, curved teeth in front of each jaw; molariform teeth on the sides in 3 rows in upper jaw, in 2 in lower; 6 series of scales on SPARUS.—CICHLID_E. 133 the cheek. Dorsal XI 12; spines strong, increasing in length to the fourth, which measures a little more than 4 length of head and exceeds longest soft rays. Anal III 9; second spine strongest and a little longer than third. Pectoral as longas head. Caudal feebly emarginate. Scales 49 in the lateral line, 5 between the latter and the anterior dorsal spines. Silvery; a black opercular spot; spinous dorsal black-edged, other fins reddish. Total length 280 millim. Lower Zambesi and Licuara Rivers.—Types in Berlin Museum. Fig. 96. Sparus vagus. Type, after Peters (2. ¢.). 3. Fam. 8. CICHLID. Perciform fishes with the suborbitals not produced into a subocular lamina, without teeth on the palate, the lower pharyngeal bones more or less completely united, but with median suture, gill-membranes free from isthmus, 5 or 6 branchiestegal rays, no pseudobranchie, and a single nostril on each side. Spinous dorsal well developed, usually longer than the soft; anal with 3 spines or more. Precaudal vertebre with trans- verse processes from the third; ribs most frequently sessile or subsessile. 10 Bou II/III 134 CICHLID. Fresh or brackish waters of Africa, Syria, India and Ceylon, and America, Mostly from Tropical Africa and ‘Tropical America. The classification of the very numerous African members of this family presents the greatest difficulties, and the division into genera, as here followed, is unsatisfactory and open to criticism, the dentition in certain species being subject to variation, according to age, or even of a purely individual nature. This has to be borne in mind in making use of the follewing Synopsis. I have also been compelled to abandon the hope I entertained (Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 393) of basing a more natural classification on the number of precaudal vertebrae as compared to that of the caudals. Synopsis of the Genera. I, Dorsal and anal fins without scaly sheath at the base. A. Outer teeth bi- or tricuspid, rarely conical *, without canines in front, not swollen at the base. Teeth forming narrow or moderately broad bands, the outer bicuspid, rarely conical ; dorsal with 11-19 spines, anal with 3or4. 1. Tilapia, A. Smith, p. 138. Teeth forming very broad bands, all tricuspid ; dorsal with 16-20 spines, anal with 3... 2. Petrochromis, Blgr., p. 267. Teeth forming very broad bands, all tricuspid ; dorsal with 13 spines, anal with 3... . 3. Cunningtonia, Blgr., p. 273. Teeth forming broad bands, those of the outer series bicuspid in front, conical, enlarged, and sharply differentiated on the sides of the pramaxillaries; dorsal with 17-1) spiltes anal with 3 20s. a. s)he? eo 4. Simochromis, Blgr., p. 274. Teeth forming broad bands in front, those of the outer series bicuspid ; sides of pre- maxillaries with a single series of conical, enlarged, and sharply differentiated teeth ; dorsal with 20-21 spines, anal with 4-6 . 5. Tropheus, Blgr., p. 276. Mouth inferior, with two series of small tri- cuspid teeth ; body much attenuate in the caudal region ; dorsal with 14 spines, anal oF WIS os Go ee 4 oe es Os Agprotiapia, Blorop. 265: * Tilapia, species mentioned in footnote, p. 1388, See also Divisions C and D of this Synopsis. CICHLID.F. B. Some or all of the anterior teeth large adult. 3 to 5 series of compressed teeth, which are feebly notched or tricuspid in the young and obtuse in the adult ; dorsal with 17— 19 spines, anal with 3 : A very broad band of teeth, the. outer Amiga nail-shaped, the others small and tr icuspid; dorsal with 16-17 spines, anal with 3. 2 widely separated series of notched teeth, the outer large, with one or two pairs of larger, incisor-like teeth at the symphysis; dorsal with 19-20 spines, anal with 3 . C. Outer teeth bicuspid in some indi- viduals, conical in others (forms con- necting Tilapia and Paratilapia) ; dorsal with 13-19 spines, anal with 3-6 155 and incisor-like or nail-like in the 7. Lobochilotes, Blgr., p. 280. (o/s) . Docimodus, Blgr., p. 281. 9. Steatocranus, Bler., p. 283. . 10. Haplochromis, Pfeff., p. 284. D. Outer teeth conical in the adult, sometimes bicuspid in the young *, with or without curved canines. 1. Anal with 3 spines (exceptionally 4). a. Outer teeth, if closely set, not strongly incurved. a. Two lateral lines; ventrals with the outer rays longest. * Outer mandibular teeth not pointing outwards. Two or more series of teeth in each jaw; no. strong papillose pad in front of the gill- arches ; dorsal with 10-18 spines, anal with 6-14 soft rays . : a Upper lateral line close to base of spinous dorsal; otherwise as in Paratilapia. A very strong papillose pad in front of the . 11. Paratilapia, Blkr., p. 308. . 12. Nannochromis, Pellegr., p. 375. ill-arches: otherwise as in Paratilapia . 13. Pelmatochromis, Stdr., p. 377. gz ? } > > i Jaws with very broad bands of small teeth, the band in the upper jaw horseshoe-shaped, that in each ramus of the Jower jaw not: much longer than broad ; dorsal with 13- 15 spines : Stale Teeth in one or two, very sie tiited series, the two median teeth of the outer series more or less enlarged ; dorsal with 13- 15 spines . 14. Platyteniodus, Blgr., p. 426. . 15. Hemichromis, Peters, p. 427. * Paratilapia, Pelmatochroinis. 136 CICHLIDZ. Teeth of outer series very large and widely spaced ; preemaxillaries expanded at the symphysis, beak-like ; dorsal with 16-20 spines, anal with 9-11 soft rays. . . . 16. Champsochromis, Blgr., p. 433. Teeth fang-like, in 2 to 4 series, the inner depressible, hinged at the base; scales very small and irregular ; dorsal with 13-17 spines, anal with 14-18 soft rays . 17. Bathybates, Blgr., p. 436. Mouth nearly vertical, directed upwards, with a single series of small teeth ; dorsal with 17-18 spines . . . . , «. « « « « 18. Haplotarodon, Blgr., p. 443. ** Outer mandibular teeth pointing outwards, perpendicular to the inner ; dorsal with 13-16 spines. Membrane between dorsal and anal spines with rectilinear edge, not forming lappets . . 19. Cyrtocara, Blgr., p. 445. Dorsal and anal with lappets . . . . . . 20. Ectodus, Blyr., p. 446. B. Two lateral lines; ventrals with the inner rays longest ; dorsal with 13-15 spines. Teeth in 2 series, outer mandibular pointing outwards . . 2. 2. . & w » «» « » 21. Mnanteopus, Bler., p. 441. Teeth in 4 or 5 series, outer mandibular not pointing outwards . . . . . . . . 22. Stappersia, Blgr., p. 450. y. Three lateral lines ; dorsal with 13-15 spines. Ventrals with the inner rays longest ; outer mandibular teeth pointing outwards . . 23. Xenotilapia, Bler., p. 451. Ventrals with the outer rays longest; outer mandibular teeth not pointing outwards . 24. Grammatotria, Blgr., p. 453. 6. Asingle, very short lateral line (the upper); dorsal with 9-12 spines. Teeth very minute ; head with large and deep cavities. . 2. . 2 « « + « « « « 20. Trematocara, Bler., p. 499, b. Outer teeth closely set and strongly incurved, followed by a band of very small tricuspid teeth; dorsal with 17 spines... 1). . 26. Gephyrochromis, Blgr., p. 458. 2. Anal with 4-10 spines. Teeth conical, forming a villiform band with more or less strongly enlarged canines in front ; dorsal with 16-21 spines. . . . 27. Lamprologus, Schilth., p. 459. Teeth conical, forming a villiform band with a few strongly curved canines in front, the outer of which are very large and tusk- like ; dorsal with 22-24 spines . 20.) . 28. Julidochromis, Blor.. p. 484. CICHLID_E. 137 An outer series of large conical teeth and a broad band of small tricuspid teeth ; dorsal with 18-22 spines. 2. . . . 29. Telmatochromis, Bigr., p. 489. E. Dentition not falling under any of the above definitions. 1. Teeth not strongly curved, with compressed crowns. a. Dorsal with 15-17 spines. Outer teeth large and few (24 in upper jaw) with long inner cusp directed inwards and yery short or indistinct outer cusp. 30. Bayona, Blgr., p. 488. Jaws with moderately broad bands of slender, club-shaped teeth, the outer with the crown obliquely truncate and_ pointing towards the symphysis. . . . . . . 31. Hemitilapia, Blyr., p. 459. Jaws with very broad bands of bristle-like movable teeth with club-shaped crowns ; rami of lower jaw approximated, spatulate in front, connected with the upper Jaw by A PLOMM TMU 5. sialiy fos tel ey OEE 2102 Chilochromis, Blyr., p. 492. Jaws very massive, with extremely broad bands of nnumerable minute teeth. . . . . 33. Corematodus, Blgr., p. £94. b. Dorsal with 18-25 spines. Large spatulate teeth with truncate crowns disposed in oblique transverse rows of two or three ; dorsal with 23-25 spines . 34. Mretmodus, Blgr., p. 499. A single series of large teeth with elongate cylindrical shafts and expanded rounded- subtrunecate crowns ; dorsal with 23 Spies). - 3 + 2 +» wh en « 9 Bd. Spathodus Blears pa 496: Teeth in a single series, rather large, unequal in size, few (20 in upper jaw), with swollen bases and short slightly notched crowns ; dorsal with 18 spines . . . . . . . 36. Perissodus, Blgr., p. 497. 2. Teeth neither curved nor compressed. Teeth in several series, with obtuse or rounded crowns ; dorsal with 15 spines . . .) . 37. Chilotilapia, Blgr., p. 498. 3. Teeth with strongly curved, compressed crowns. Teeth in two series, 50-54 in outer scries of upper jaw ; dorsal with 15-16 spines . . 38. Schubotzia, Blgr., p. 500. Teeth in a single series, 34-46 in upper jaw, feebly grooved in front; dorsal with 16- dviacmimeste a) Rae ty. 0 GON hoe Me etieen DO. Nenochvonis, Dlorsep. 001, 138 CICHLID_X. Teeth in a single series, 14-20 in upper jaw, grooved in front; dorsal with 18-20 spines. 40. Plecodus, Blgr., p. 503. II. Dorsal and anal fins with a scaly sheath at the base. Teeth with blunt crowns, in a single series, two or four middle ones enlarged ; dorsal with 16-20 spines, anal with 8-10...) . 41. Paretroplus, Blkr., p. 504. 1, TILAPIA. Chromis, part., Cuvier, Régne Anim. ii. p. 266 (1817) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv p- 267 (1862). Tilana, A. Smith, Ml. Zool. 8S. Afr., Fish. (1840); Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 105, part., and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 452 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 307 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 513 (1907). Sarotherodon, Riipp. Verz. Mus. Senck. iv. p. 21 (1852); Giinth. Cat. iv. p. 273. Coptodon, Gervais, Bull. Soc. Agric. Hérault, 1853, p. 81. Haligenes, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 471. Ptychochromis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i, 1880,/p. 248; Pellegr. t.c. p. 346. Oreochromis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 70; Pellegr. t. c. p. 354. Ctenochromis, part., Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 149. Ophthalmotilapia, Pellegr. t.c. p. 345. Body short or more or less elongate ; scales cycloid or ctenoid ; two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth in 2 or more series, the outer bicuspid *, the others tricuspid; maxillary usually more or less completely hidden under the preorbital when the mouth is closed. Dorsal fin with 11 to 19 spines, anal with 3 or 4. Parietal and occipital crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebra 26-34 ¢. Africa and Syria. * Occasionally conical or indistinctly bicuspid in a few species which are related to 1’. nilotica (7. nigra, mossambica, natalensis, linnelli, squamipinnis). See also Haplochromis. t Exceptions in 7’. buettikoferi, fasciata, burtoni, acuticeps, swynnertoni, $cc hort. + Numbers of vertebre in species with cycloid scales :— 144+12=26. 7. macrocephala. 14415=29. 7. percivali. 154+138=28. 7’. dollot, melanopleura, cabree, sparrmant, 16412=28. 7. eduardiana, heudeloti, marie, zillit, buettikoferi. 164138=29. 7" melanopleura, zillit, brevimanus, 164+ 14=30. 7. shirana, natalensis. 17+18=30. 7. galilea, andersonii. 1V+15=382. 7, nilotica, galiliva. 17+16=33, 7’, SqHaMepinnts. TILAPIA. 139 Synopsis of the Species. T. Scales eycloid (rarely indistinctly ctenoid). A. Gill-rakers 15-27 on lower part of anterior arch. 1. Anal spines 4; pectoral not longer than head, not extending beyond origin of anal; 2 or 8 series of scales on the cheek; 17-21 gill- rakers. D. rie ls 11-12; A. IV 10-11; Sc. 34- 36 we sag mouth extending to between nostril and eye; latter 5 times in length of head in adult ; caudal Bale g a little longer than deep. . . . 1. 7. hunteri, Gthr., p. 149. D. XVI-XVII 10-13; A. IV 9- 10; So. 30- 32 — mouth extending to between nostril and eye; latter 4-44 times in length of head ; caudal ie not longer than deep. . .. Oe eed. 7. shivdno 206. T. sparrmani, A. Smith, . J. ovalis, Stdr., p. 208. T. stetndachneri, Bigr., p. 209. T. percivali, Blyr., p. 210. . T. grahami, Blgr., p. 211. T. woosnam?, Blgr., p. 212. . L.jalle, Bigr., p. 213. T. humilis, Stdr., p. 213. TILAPIA. 145 I), XIV-XV 14-16; A. III 10-11; Se. 29- 32 7s ; 11-12 gill-rakers ; depth of body 2 to 21 times in total length ; caudal rounded, say all over in the adult. . . 49. 7. buettikoferi, Hubr., p. 214. II. Scales with more or less distinctly denticulate edge. A. Caudal rounded or truncate, not at all emarginate. 1. Dorsal with 14 or 15 spines ; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head; depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length; caudal rounded or rounded- subtruncate. a. Caudal peduncle not or but little longer than deep. a. 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek. * Pectoral shorter than head. iD. Sale ol 10-11; A. III 6-7; Se. 29- 30 4; caudal densely scaled at the base. 50. 7. fasciata, Perugia, p. 215. 1 ; D. XIV-XV 9-11; A. III 8-9; Sc. 28 ot = mouth to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; teeth in 4 to 6 series, 50-70 in outer series of upper Jaw. 51. T. burtoni, Gthr., p. 217. D. XIV-XV 10-11; A. HI 8-9; Se. 30- 32 a lower jaw slightly projecting ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 2 series, about 50 in outer series of upper jaw . . . o2. T. acuticeps, Stdr., p. 218. 21-3 D. XV 9-10; A. III 8-9; Sc. 29-31 783 , mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 series, 40-42 in outer series Of upper Jaw . . . . 9. . » . Od. TF. swynnertont, Bler., p. 219. ** Pectoral as long as head. [p. 220. DAV 0S ALI 9 s"Se. 31 2 ~ . © « . O04 T. adolphi-friderict, Blgr., B. 6 series of scales on the cheek. DX Vile Ay Ie Oe Se3 34 = bel Salers aD >, Grands [Pelogh. p.. 22. 6. Caudal aerate an longer than deep. [p. 222, D. XIV-XV 8-9; A. III 8; Se. 28 Ba . « . 56. 7. fuellebornii, Hilg. & Papp., 2. Dorsal with 15 to 17 spines (rarely 14); eye 4 to 44 times in length of head in adult ; depth of body 22 to 3} times in total length. a. 7-10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; caudal rounded. D. XIV-XVI 8-10; A. III 7-8; Sc. 30- 33 27 . teeth in 3 to 5 series; snout 11-12’ shorter than postocular part of head . . 57. TY. calliptera, Gthr., p. 222. 146 CICHLID.E. D. XVI 9-10; A. III 8-9; Sc. 32-33 3; teeth in 3 series; snout as long as ie ocular partof head. . . . . 58. T. luculle, Blgr., p. 224. DOXVil Ssh. TET: Se. oie a3 re in 5 or 6 series; caudal bees scaled in basal HUE, xe ce, ‘ . 59. T. williamsti, Gthr., p. 225 2- 3 D. XV-XVI 8-10; A. WI (e aes 27- 99 23. teil} teeth in 3or4 series . . . . . . . 60. 7. stagmatogenys, Blgr., p. 226. b. 12-13 gill-rakers; teeth in 4 , 7 series. D. XVI-XVII 9; A. III 7; Se. 30-31 =~ sue 16-17 7 caudal rounded . . . a yw O1e.2..stormsu, Bler..ps 227: D. XV-XVI 8-10; A. Ill 6 Be Se. 29~ 30 —s caudal truacate or rounded- subtruneate. \i.04 8 + <6 es a» O2./T. Roru, Gthr.,.p. 228: 3. Dorsal with 15 to 17 spines ; eye 23 to 39 times in length of head. a. Depth of body 3 to 32 times in total length; teeth in 3 to 5 series; caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. a. 7-9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; caudal rounded or rounded-subtruncate. D. XV-XVI 9; A. IIIT 8; Se.32- 33 2 igi head with ee upper profile; lower jaw projecting ; dorsal spines subequal from the sixth or seventh. . . . . . . . 63. TJ. perriert, Pellegr., p. 229. D. XV- fo 9-10; A III 8-10; Se. 32- 33 a3 21 to 2} times as long as broad; dorsal head with curved upper profile, spines increasing in length to the last. . 64. 7. humilior, Blgr., p. 230. Dy, aS 8-10; A. III 8-9; Se. 30- 33 ir 3 ; 2 to 2} times as long as broad ; dorsal spines subequal from the fifth or sixth. . 65. 7. pallida, Blgr., p. 231. head with curved upper profile, 8. 10-12 gill-rakers ; caudal truncate. D. XV-XVI 8-9; A. III 7-8; Se. 31- SA ee ee 8 ew 8 BG. Dy pappeneii, Blgr., p. 232. b. Depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length. a. Teeth in 3 to 5 series. D. XV- nee 8-9; A. III 8-9; Se. 30- a4 is i times in length of head; caudal truncate. 67. 7. lacrimosa, Blgr., p. 234. 7-9 gill-rakers; eye 3} to 3} D: D. Dp. Db: DD: TIA PTA: . XV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-10; Se. 29- 33 en 8-9 vill-rakers ; eye 3 to 3} times in length of head ; caudal rounded . XV-XVI 8-9; A. IIT 8; Se. 3045 10 gill-rakers ; eye somewhat more than 3 times in length of head; pectoral nearly as long as head, reaching origin of anal 6 Pit pts Ue A ER XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 9; Se. 32- Sorte 10-19 gill-rakers ; eye 3 times in length of head ; caudal truncate ; pectoral shorter than head . _ XV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-9 ; 8-9 gill- rakers ; eye 23 to 3 times in length of head ; caudal truneate . f&. Teeth in 5 to 8 series. XV-XVI 6-10; A. III 9-10; eye 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below eye ; caudal rounded-subtruncate times in length of head; mouth not ex- tending to below eye ; caudal truncate XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 8-9 ; eye 32 to 3} times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 60-80 teeth in outer series of upper jaw ; caudal rounded of head ; mouth extending to below ante- rior border of eye ; 40 teeth in outer series of upper jaw ; caudal rounded 68. T. nubila, Blgr., p. 235. . 69. 7. pectoralis, Pfeff , p. 237. . 70. T. macrops, Blgr., p. 238. . 71. 1. martini, Blgr., p. 239. . 72. T. bayoni, Blgr:, p. 240. .XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 9-10; eye 33 to 34 . 73. T. nigricans, Blgr., p. 241. Sop 6 wth ant . faa Ligimotese Blew. spy 242 .XVIIL9; A. TIT 8; eye 33 times in length 5» ton livingstonii, Blgr., p. 243. 4, Dorsal with 18 or 19 spines ; teeth in 4 to 6 series. a. Caudal densely scaled, at least at the base; third anal spine not longer than longest dorsal. XVIII 8; A. II 8; Sc. 31°; depth of 16’ body 2} times in total length ; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek . _XIX 6; A. IIL 6; Sc. 34 2%; depth of Ww? body 32 times in total length; 3 series of scales on the cheek . 76. 7. zebra, Blgr., p. 244. . (7. T. aurata, Bigr., p. 246 148 CICHLID. b. Caudal not scaled : third anal spine a little longer than longest dorsal. D. XVITI-XIX 8-9; A. III 7-8; Sc. 32- 34 2 . 73. 1. polyacanthus, Blgr., p. 247. B. Caudal more or less distinctly notched; eye 3 to 4% times in length of head ; third anal spine not longer than longest dorsal. 1. 8-13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; 31-35 scales in longitudinal series. a. Caudal rays not sealy. D, XV-XVIII 11-12; A. III 8-10; Sc. 32- y~ 33-4 35 ==>; 30-10 teeth in outer series of 11-12 upper jaw; depth of body 23 to 3 times in totallength . . . . . . « « « 79. T. pleurotenia, Blgr., p. 247. D. XV-XVI 10-11; A. HI 8-9; Se. 32- 33 — 40-50 teeth in outer series of upper jaw; depth of body 2? to 3} times in totallength. 2... . . « « + 80. T. johnstonii, Gthr., p. 249. IBF aan XV 10-11; A. III 8-9; Se. 31- 32 = 56-60 teeth in outer series of upper jaw ; depth of body 2% to 2} times intotallength . . . . . . . - « OL T. tetrastigma, Gthr., p. 250. b. Caudal rays covered with scales, except at the end. D. XV- aah 9-11; A. III 8-10; Se. 33- 35 ; He =. 30 (young)-60 teeth in outer series of upper jaw . . ‘ . 82. 1. kerk, Gthr., p. 251. D. XV-XVI 10-12; A. III 3 10: ¢ SG: 32- 33 kas 40 (young)—70 teeth in outer bo or w series of upper jaw . . . + 6 6 ae 83. 1. lateristriga, Gthr., p. 2 D. XV- ao 10-11; A. ITI 8-9; Se. 33- 35 = = of upper jaw. . . . « e+ eo 84. T. lethrinus, Gthr., p. 254. 2. 12-21 gill-rakers ; 34-37 scales in longitudinal series ; pectoral not reaching vertical of origin of anal. D. XV-XVI 11; A. TIT 9; Sc. 34-35 =; 16-21 gill-rakers ; snout much longer than broad. 9... So = « « + « « 4 85. T. rostrata, Blor., p. 250. D. XVIIT-XX 9-11; A. ITI 8-9; Se. 335- 38 3 12-14 gill-rakers ; snout not longer than broad «6 1 1 1 ws 86. LT. dardennii, Blgr., p. 256. ; about 80 teeth in outer series PTEAPIA. 149 C. Caudal emarginate; third anal spine longer than longest dorsal. D. XII~XIV 10-13; A. III 7-9; Sc. 32- b4 — last dorsal spine not more than 24 times in length of head. . . . . . 87. T. oligacanthus, Blkr., p. 258. D, XITI-XV 12-14; A. III 10-12; Se. 33- 36 +2 +: last dorsal spine 24 to 3 times 14-16 ? inlengthot headt(g ieee Siks B88 Tybetsleand: Blgr ip. 209. D. Caudal deeply notched, often subcrescentic ; eye not more than 3 times in length of head. 1. 31-34 scales in longitudinal series ; 8-12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D. XV-XVII 10-11; A. III 8-9; Sc. 32- B4 ae eye 23 to 22 times in length of (p: 261. head ; caudal peduncle longer than deep . 89. 7’. macrophthalma, Blgr., D. XV 12; A. III 9; Sc. 31-32 5; eye 24 times in length of head; caudal peduncle dsvloworasideap ip a ee. te 12 ot Une orevise DIGE...pu2o2. 2. 34-65 scales in longitudinal series ; 13-17 gill-rakers. D. Ae 11-125, A; Tl 9; Se. 34— 36 = = — eye 23 to 3 times in length of head ; caudal baa 1% times as long asdeep. . . - tow, + Saeedennornata® Blor., p. 203. De XV Divs A. TIT 9: So, 40 oe eye 3 times in length of he ; caudal — 1} times as long as deep . 92. T.trematocephala, Blgr..p. 264. D. XIX 14; A. Il 3-9; ae 39- 5 ; : 40 ia-75 5 eye 24 times in oe of head ; caudal peduncle ae twice as long as deep . é siete Suh ee) 30 ty. o. noose, DIBrs, Wisi 0o; D. ale aL 13- 1d, A, III 9-10; Se. 55- 65 ee a eye 2} to 22 times in length of head ; caudal peduncle a little longer . 94. T. grandoculis, Blgr., p. 266. than deep . 1. TILAPIA HUNTERI. Oreochromis hunteri, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 70: Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 354. Tilapia hunteri, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 110. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3} times in total length. 11 Bou II/III 150 CICHLID_E. Head nearly twice as long as broad ; snout rounded, with concave upper profile, slightly broader than long, about # postocular part of head; eye 0 times in length of head (35 times in young), twice (once in young) in interorbital width, equal to preorbital depth ; mouth rather large, nearly # width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth in 5 to 8 series (3 in young), 46 (young) to 90 in outer series of upper jaw *; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part Jess than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 19 to 21 on lower part of anteriorarch. Dorsal XVI-XVIT11-12; last spine longest, 3 length of head ; longest scft ray $ to 3 length of head. Anal IV 10-11; fourth spine longest, a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or Fie, 97 Tt. } | Tilapia hunteri, Wh, 2 Ly pests. a little shorter than head, reaching or nearly reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales cycloid, 34-36 ay lateral lines a Dark brown, tinged with rusty; vertical fins and ventrals blackish. Total length 300 miilim. Kilimanjaro, 1. Type, skin. Crater Lake, Kilimanjaro. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. (P.). 2-4. Yg.jand head LL. Chala, E. of Kilimanjaro. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. of ad. CPs * Some of the outer teeth conical in the adult. + In this and several of the following figures, one of the outer teeth of the upper jaw is represented, strongly magnified; in all the figures the enlargement is the same in proportion to the specimen. TILAPIA. 151 2, TILAPIA SHIRANA. Oreochromis shiranus, Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 916, fig. ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 355. Tilapia shirana, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, Palli: Depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 12 to 1# times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or Fig. 98. Head of Tilapia shirana. Type (P. Z. S. 1896), slightly concave upper profile, a little broader than long, 2 to $ post- ocular part of head; eye 4 to 5 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, 2 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 5 to 8 series, 70 to 100 in outer series of upper jaw; 9 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than 192 CICHLID._E. diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 15 to 19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-X VII 10-13; last spine longest, about 3 length of head ; longest soft rays 3 to nearly once length of head. AnalIV 9-10; fourth spine longest, about 2 length of head. Pectoral as long as or slightly longer than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or not quite so far. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30-32 — lateral lines ee Uniform dark brown, Total length 270 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré; Lower Zambesi. 1-4. Type. Upper Shiré. Dr. Percy Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 5-6. Ad. LL. Nyassa. Prof, J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 7. Skel, is sj &. Ad. Idunda R., Lower Buzi R., C. F. M. Swynnerton, Esq. Portuguese East Africa. (Eye 3. TILAPIA NIGRA. Oreochromis niger, Giinth. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1894, p. 89, pl. ix. ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 355. Tilapia nigra, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 110. Depth of body 24 to 24 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 12 to 13 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, broader than long. 3 to 3 postocular part of head ; eye 5 to 5% times in length of head, 2 to 24 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth; mouth rather large, 3 to # width of head, extending nearly to below antericr border of eye; teeth in 4 or 5 series, 80-100 in outer series of upper jaw*; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X VII 11-12; last spine longest, and quite 4 length of head; middle soft rays much produced, longer than head. Anal IV 9; fourth spine longest, neatly as long as last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal truncate or shghtly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales * The outer teeth are mostly conical or indistinctly bicuspid in the larger specimen, + - [oi | TILAPIA. 1: : 3-4 Se CE) cycloid, 8325; lateral lines jaaiz, Greenish black; a black opercular spot; fins blackish, soft dorsal and caudal with more or less distinct round light spots between the rays. Total length 250 millim., Athi River System, British East Africa. 1-2. Types. Pools on Kibwesi R. Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). Fig. 99. Tilapia nigra. Type, after Giinther (Z.¢.). 2. 4, TILAPIA KAFUENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) x. 1912, p. 138. Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 3 times. H¥ead 12 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, slightly broader than long, a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 54 times in length of head, 2 interorbital width, a little 5 less than preorbital depth; mouth rather large, $ width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 8 series, 110 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderate, 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 13; last spine longest, 5 length of head; longest soft ray 2 length of head. Anal III 11; third spine not quite 2 length of head. Pectoral slightly longer than head, reaching 154 CICHLID. vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching between vent and anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle:as long as deep. Scales cycloid, SI: = ; lateral lines — Dark brown above, whitish beneath ; a black opercular spot and three ill-defined black spots on the side below upper lateral line; soft dorsal and anal fins with round light spots between the rays. Total length 360 millim. Upper Zambesi. 1. Type. Kafue R.. N.W. Rhodesia. T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). Fig. 100, Tilapia hafuensis. i] ype. 3+ 5. TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA. Chromis (Tilapia) mossambicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1852, p. 681. Chromis niloticus, part., Peters, Arch. f. Nat. 1855, p. 267; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p- S10 (1862) ; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 23, pl. iv. fig. 4 (1868). Chromis mossambicus, part., Giinth. t. ¢. p. 268. Chromis dumerilii, Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. 1864, p. 225, pl. vil. fo 1 *; Chromis niloticus, var. mossambicus, M. Web. Zool. Jahrb., Syste x. So p. 148. * T am indebted to Dr. Steindachner for the loan of one of the types of Chiomis dumerili, and regard it as a voung 7’. mossambiea, TILAPIA. 155 Tilapia mossambica, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 111; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 309; Tilapia dumerili, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 116; Pellegr. t. c. p. 317. Depth of body 24 to 2% times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head 14 to 2 times as long as broad, with concave upper profile; snout rounded, as broad as or a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 45 (young) to -to 2 interorbital width, equal to or a httle 64 times in length of head, 2 less than preorbital depth; mouth large, at least } width of head, often nearly as wide as head, extending to below anterior border of ouk Fig, 101. Tilapia mossambica. Zanzibar Coast. 3. eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 4 (young) to 8 series *, 60 (young) to 100 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part at least nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 17 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 10-11; last spine longest, + to 2 length of head; longest soft ray 3 to length of head. Anal III (rarely 1V) 9-10; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded in the adult, truncate in the young. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or slightly deeper than long. Scales cycloid, * Tn the largest specimen, from Koso Bay, the teeth of the three outer series in both jaws are conical, without a trace of secondary cusp. 156 CICHLID. 30-33: = — lateral lines ae Brownish, olive, or blackish; vertical fins and ventrals blackish; dorsal and caudal edged with yellowish (red 2), Total Jength 360 millim, East Africa to Natal. Types in Berlin Museum. Ad. Zanzibar Coast. pur d:: Kirk! (P.), 3-4. T'wo of the Zambesi. Prof. W. Peters:(P.). types. Dd, Ad. Upper Shiré R. Dr. Perey Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H, Johnston (P.). 6. Ad. Koso Bay, Zululand. Dr, EH. Warren (,), 1. Ad, Durban. Mr. T. Ayres (C.). Ss Ad. - Rev. N. Abraham (P.). Tilapia vorax. Type, after Pfeffer (Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 1893). 2. TILAPIA VORAX. Chromis vorar, Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb, Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 151, pl. ii. figs. 9-11, and Thierw. O.-Afr., Fisehe, p. 12, fig. (1896). Tilapia vorax, Bouleng. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 125; Pellegr. Mém, Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 322 Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 22 to 23 times in total length. Head twice as longas broad; snout with straight upper profile, TILAPIA. 157 a little shorter than postocular part of head, slightly broader than long, 14 to 12 diameters of eye, which is 4 to 5 times in length of head and 13 to nearly twice in interorbital width; mouth large, extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; teeth very small, in 3 or 4 series, about 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 12-15; last spine about 4 length of head ; middle soft rays much produced, as longashead. Anal III 10; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending a little beyond origin of anal. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 28-31 ae lateral lines a Dark olive-brown; a rather indistinct dark opercular spot; vertical fins and ventrals blackish. Total length 149 millim, German East Africa and Mozambique.—Type, in Hamburg Museum, examined. 7. TILAPIA NATALENSIS. Chromis niloticus, part., Peters, Arch, f. Nat. 1855, p. 267, and Reise Mossamb. ivape 20 (1868) ';sbleti, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 149, pl: ii, figs. 1-4, and Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 10, fig. (1896). Chromis mossambicus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 268 (1862). Chromis natalensis, M. Web. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 147. Tilapia natalensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 113, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 457 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 311. Depth of body 23 to 2 times in total length, length of head 24 to 34 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, as broad as or a little broader than long, 2 to + postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 53 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 2 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth; mouth moderate, 3 to # width of head, 9 extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 (young) to 6 series *, 50 (young) to 140 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 15 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI (rarely XVII or XVIII) 10-12; last spine longest, 2 toa 1 little over + length of head; longest soft rays § to # length of head. * Tn a large specimen, from Umfulosi, a number of the outer upper teeth are simply conical. 158 CICHLID-E. Anal III 9-11; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 1 to 14 times as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate or very slightly emarginate, the angles sometimes rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or slightly deeper than long. Scales- cycleid, 30-34 — lateral lines a Brown above, whitish beneath; a blackish opercular spot, sometimes followed by series of similar spots along the side of the body above and below the upper lateral line ; Fig. 103. Tilapia natalensis. Durban. 2. young with 7 or 8 more or less distinct dark vertical bars often in addition to the two series of blackish spots ; vertical fins uniform or with small round blackish spots or light spots separated by a dark network. 99 Total length 330 millim. Fast and South Africa, Katanga.—Types in Amsterdam University. Lore. Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith (C.). 2-3. Hgr. Taita, inland of Mombasa, Mr. Wray (C.). 4-11. Ad.,hgr., © Rabai, inland of Mombasa, S. L. Hinde, Esq. (1.). & yg. DOO. 12, Eor. Coast of Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (P.). 13-17. Her. & yg. Zambesi. Prof, W.,. PetersinP 2). 18-19, Yg. Lofoi, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire (C.) 20-22, Yg., Moa-Chia, Katanga. - 21. Hyr. DD A 2Ge Lier. ie Ad: 28. Ad. 29-31. Ad. & yg. 32. Skel. MEAP TAS Beira, Portuguese KE. Africa. Klein Letaba, Transvaal. Middle Letaba, Transvaal. Inkomati R., near Komati Poort, Transvaal. Dewaars R., Transvaal. Crocodile R, 5, Umfulosi Station, Zululand. avalon Zululand. 159 Mr .Granti(C.).:.C 3D: Rudd, Esq. (P.). Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Dry J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). Hon. P. A. Methuen (P.). Mret€sGrant (C.); C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.). Dr. E. Warren (P.). Dos Ad. 34. Ad. Koso Bay, 7 5 35. Yg. Inkusi R., Natal. - 36-37, 38-40, 41-— Durban. Mr. T. Ayres (C.). 492, Ad. & her. 43-52. Hyer. & yg. 5 Col. Bowker (P.). 53-58. Ad, her., 3 Rev. N. Abraham (C.) ; & yg. Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 59-67. Ad., her., - Rey. N. Abraham (P.). & yg. 68. Her. rr J. F. Quekett, Esq. (P.). 69, 70-71. Ad. & yg. Buffalo R , East London. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). This species is very closely connected with 7. ni/otica, and the naming of some isolated specimens may be somewhat arbitrary. 8. TILAPIA LINNELLI. Tilapia ( Gephyrochromis) linnelli, Lonnb. Ann. & Mag. Ni. (7) xi. #1903; p: 42. Depth of body 23 to 27 times in total length, length of head 22 to Head twice, or a little over twice, as long as broad, upper profile nearly straight; snout rounded, as Jong as postocular part of head ; eye 5 times in length of head, 1% times in interorbital width, equal to preeorbital depth; mouth rather large, ? width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 6 or 7 series, outer (about 100 in upper jaw) conical*; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 16 on Dorsal XV 12-13 ; last spine longest, not 91 +3 25 times. lower part of anterior arch. * In view of variations in other species, I doubt whether the conical condition of the outer teeth will prove a constant character, although Prof. Lonnberg has had as many as eight specimens at his disposal. 160 CICHLIDZA. quite 4 length of head; longest soft ray about 2 length of head. Anal IIl 9-10; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral ¢ length of head, reaching beyond origin of anal. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales ee 24-3 17-2 eycloid, 27-30 ;35;; lateral lines ie Brown (formaline specimens) ; Fie. 104. Tilapia linnel. Type. §. pectoral fins lighter; male with the chin, throat, belly, and ventral and anal fins deep black. Total length 200 millim. Elephant Lake, Caineroon.—Type in Steckholm Museum. 1. One of the Elephant Lake, nr. Cameroon Mt., Mr. G. Linnell (C.) ; types. 320 m. Prof. EK. Lonnberg (C.). 9. TILAPIA MACROCHIR. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) x. 1912, p. 139. Depth of body 13 to 2$ times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 12 to 1# times as long as broad; upper profile descending in a strong curve, often very abrupt in front ; snout rounded, sometimes with concave upper profile, a little broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 to 53 times in length of head, § to 2 interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth; mouth rather small, 3 to * width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; 3 5 teeth in 5 to 8 series, 70 to 100 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 TILAPIA. 161 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gull-rakers moderate, 21 to 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 12-13; last spine longest, 4 to 2 length of head; longest soft ray 2to 1 length of head. Anal III 9-10; Fig. 105, Tilapia macrochir. Type, Victoria Falls. 3. third spine 3 to $ length of head, Pectoral 14 to 14 times length of head, reaching beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29-31 ee lateral lines ate Olive-brown above, golden-yellow beneath, sometimes with rather indis- tinct darker longitudinal streaks following the series of scales; a blackish opercular spot; head usually with small brown or blackish spots, as often also on anterior part of body ; young with 7 to 10 narrower vertical dark bars ; dorsal fin with more or less distinct dark and light longitudinal streaks. Total length 340 millim. Upper Zambesi; Lakes Bangwelu and Mweru. 1 Types. Above Victoria Falls. T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). = 2. 2 TS Marambu R., 2 miles N. of Victoria Falls. 9 162 CICHLID.E. 13-15, 16-19. Types. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 20. Ye. L. Mweru. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 21. ee Hot springs near Kafue R., J. M. Mowbray, Esq. (P.). N.W. Rhodesia. 10. TILAPIA NILOTICA. Labrus niloticus, Linn. in Hasselq. Iter Pale t. p. 346 (1757), and 8S. N. i. p. 477 (1766) ; Sonnini, Voy. Egypte, ii. p. 395, pl. xxvii. fig 1 (1799). Chromis nilotica, Cuv. in Guér. Icon. R. An. i. Poiss. pl. xliv. fig. 1 (1844) ; Sauv. Bull Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1880, p. 211; Lortet, Ann. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 137, pl. vii.; Mitch. Rep. Fish. L. Menzaleh, p. 12, pl. ii. (1895) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 218. Chromis niloticus, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 267 (1862), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 490 ; Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. 1864, p. 226; Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 23 (1868) ; Giinth. Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 216 (1869) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 96; Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 149; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 28; Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Atr., Fische, p. 10 (1896). Chromis guentheri, Steind Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. 1864, p. 228, pl. viii. figs. 3&4. Chromis spilurus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 89, pl. x. fig. A, and 1896, p- 219. Tilapia nilotica, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 6, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 22, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 455 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 309; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 571, and Fish. Nile, p. 523, pls. xciii. & xciv. (1907). Tilapia nyirica, Liénnb. Svensk, Vet.-Ak. Handl. xlvii. no. 6, 1911, p. 41. Depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 34 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, 1 to 14 times as broad as long, 1 to 2 postocular part of head ; eye 3} (young) to 5% times in length of head, 1 (young) to 21 times in interorbital width, equal to or less than preorbital depth; mouth moderately large, 3 to 3 width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye or to between nostril and eye ; teeth in 2 (young) to 7 series, 30 (young) to 90 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 17 to 25 (rarely as few as 15) on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII (rarely XV or XVIII) 11-16; spines subequal from the fifth, or last longest, 2 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays to once length of head. Anal III 8-11; third spine as long ag or shorter or a little longer than longest TULAPLA. 163 dorsal. Pectoral 1 to 14 times as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond (shorter in the young). Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate in the young, rounded in the adult. Caudal B4-f peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 31-35 j34,5; lateral lines 19-25 p : os" Yellowish brown or grey to dark olive, or silvery, the scales often darker at the base, or lighter in the centre; some specimens spotted all over with black; young with 8 or 9 more or less distinct dark bars on the body and a dark spot just below the upper border of the caudal peduncle ; these markings may persist in the adult; a blackish Fig. 106. Tilapia nilotica. Cairo (F. N.). 2. opercular spot; dorsal and anal fins with blackish and whitish spots forming oblique series, or with oblique dark streaks; caudal fin with more or less distinct bars, variable in number. Total length 460 millim. From Lake Galilee and the Jordan southwards to East Africa, the Upper Congo, and Lake Tanganyika, westwards through the Chad Basin to the Senegal and Niger. {—2._.Ad. L. Galilee. Canon Tristram (C.). 3-12. Ad. & her. L. Mareotis. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). M2 164 13-19. Ad. & hgr. 20-24. Ad. 25-26. Hgr. 27-32. Ad. & her. 33, 34-38. Ye. 39-42. Her. & yg. 43. Skel. 44-48. Ad. 49. Skel. 50-59, 60-109. Ad. & yg. 110-114, 115. Ad. i a 116. Ad. 117-120, 121-122. Ad., her., & yg. 123-124. Yg. 125. Ad. 126. Ad. 127-136. & yg. 137. Ad: 138-147. her. 148. Ad. 149. Ad. 150-157. 158-163. & yg. 164-165. 166. Ad. 167-171. ys: 172... Ad, 173. Ad. 174. Ys. 1750 Ye: 176. Ad. 177-182. Ad. 183-184. Her. & ye: Ad., her., Ad. & Her. & Ad, hgr., Her. Ad. & CICHLIDA. L. Edkon. I. Borollos, fresh-water eanal. L. Menzaleh. » Ghet-el-Nassara, near L. Menzaleh. Bahr-el-Tawilah, near L. Menzaleh. Nile. Lower Nile. >> Damietta Nile, nr. Samannud. Barrage near Cairo. Cai ro. Near Cairo. Canal near Cairo. Pond nr. Bedreshen, 8. of Cairo. Zoological Gardens, Giza. Beni Souef, Bahr Selah, Fayum. Birket Karun, Fayum. Between Assiut and Abu Tig. Luxor. Between Luxor and Assuan. Assuan. Ibrim, Nubia. Abu Simbel, Nubia. Kosheh, * Ts. of Arko, —,, Hannak, - Wad Medine, Blue Nile. Rosaires, - Abu Zugoli, i Zegi and Bahardar, L. Tsana, Between Khartum and Sobat I. L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). iv Loat, Esq. (C.). a) Dr. Riippell (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). >) L. Loat, Esq. (C.). 29 Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Capt. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). Mr. E. Degen (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). 185. Her, 186-195, 196-199. Ad., hgr., & yg. 200-206. Ad. & her. 207-210. Ad. & to to bo — Se bo 233. Ad. 234-235. Ad. 236. Ad. 237. Hegr. 238-239. Ad. 240. Her. 241-242. Ad. 243-244. Yo. 245. Ad. 246. Ad. 247-253. Yo. 254-255. Ad. 250-257. Her. 258-261. Ad. 262-263. Yq. 264-267. Ad. & her. 268-269. Her. & ye: 270. Ad. rattan) a lta 272-274. Ad. 275. Ad. 276-277. Ad. & her. 12 Bou II/III 3-232. Ad., hgr., & yg. TILAPIA. Kaka, White Nile. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Polkom, Baro R. (Sobat). Gabt-el-Magahir, between Sobat R. and Bahr-el-Zeraf. Month of L. No. Ie No. Gondokoro. Wadelai. Butyaba, L. Albert. L. Albert. L. Albert Edward. ” S.W. shore of L. Albert Edward. Foot of Mt. Ruwenzori, 5000-— 6000 ft. S. end of L. Kivu. Lofu, L. Tanganyika. Uvira, ms Quole, Hawash KR. Hot springs of Hawash l., near Filon. L. Zwai. Suksuk R., L. Zwai. L. Suksuki, 3900 f. Modjo R. (Webi Shebeli). J. Abaia. L. Gandjule, 8. of L. Abaia. a) 9 N.E. of L. Rudolf. Ergino RK. (Omo), 3000 f. L. Loat, Esq, (C.). ” ” Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). Capt. S. Flower (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J.S, Budgett, Esq. (P.). Paris Museum (E.). Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German ©, African Exped. Seott Elliot, Exq. (P.). Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). Scott Elliot, Esq. (P.). Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Dr. L. Stappers (C.). Mr. E. Degen (C.). Prof. O. Neumann and Baron (. von Erlanger (C.). Mr. P: C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). Prof. O. Neumann and Baron C. von Erlanger (C.). Mr. P. C. Zaphiro (C.) ; W.N. McMillan, Esq. (P.). Prof. O. Neumann and Baron C. von Erlanger (C.). Dr. Donaldson Smith (C). Prof. O. Neumann (C.). Mr. P:'C. Zaphiro; (C2); W.N. MeMillan, Esq. (C.). 166 CICHLIDZ. 278-287, 288-292. Kusso Nyiro, flowing in Lorian. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. Adi. her; & ye. Swamp. (de: )e 203-294, Types of Eusso Nyiro, below Chanler Prof. E. Linnberg (P.). T. nyirica, Falls. 295-503. Her. & yg. Mwangaden R., Brit. E. Africa. Prof. J. W. Gregory (P.). Types of Chr. spilurus. 304-305, Ye. Simba R., trib. of Athi R., A. Blayney Percival, Esq. 3000 f. (Ra) 306. Ad. Pangani R., Brit. E. Africa. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 307-316. Ye. Near Tanganiko, coast of Brit. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. hi. Africa. (Ps) oli Ad, L. Chad. Capt. G. B. Gosling (P.). 318-321. Yg. Pe Dr. iGaillard (C.)-3 Paris Museum ([.). 322-331. Ad., her., Kaédi, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). 332-333. Ad. & Niger. W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). her. 334. Ad. Mureji, Upper Niger. J. S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 335. Yo. Jebba, a - C. H. Firmin, Esq. (P.}¢ 336-337.. Yg. Deert, mouth of Gurara R., J.J. Simpson, Esq. (P.). Niger. 338-340. Yo. Abo, Lower Niger. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 341-3438. Hor. & Luapula R. at Kasenge. Dr. Stappers (C.). ys: 344. Her. LL. Mweru at Lukonzolwa. 9 ll, TILAPIA EDUARDIANA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) x. 1912, p. 138. Depth of body equal to length of head, 24 to 23 times in total length. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, much broader than long (13 to 13), 3 to 2 post- ocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 32 times in length of head, 14 to 15 times in interorbital width, much longer than preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, # to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril oO and eye; teeth in 3 series, 66 to 88 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 4 to 2 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 20 to 23 on lower part of anterior arch (18 in the young). Dorsal XVI-XVII 10-13; spines subequal from the fifth or sixth, $ to not quite } length of head; longest soft rays } to 3 length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine longer than longest dorsal, $ or a = TILAPIA. 167 little more than 3 length of head. Pectoral 1 to 13 times as long as head, reaching beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as 9 33-4 Paves 20222 deep. Scales 31-32 ;75;; lateral linesj,5,. Dark brown above, with or without very indistinct darker cross-bars, yellowish beneath ; a black opercular spot; fins brown or blackish, uniform or with oblique light Tilaprs eduardiana. Type. 2. streaks on the soft dorsal; young with a large ocellar spot on the anterior part of the soft dorsal. Total length 180 millim. Lake Albert Edward watershed of Mount Ruwenzori and Lake Gangu, west of Lake Victoria. 1-6. Types. S.E. slope of Mt. Ruwenzori, R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; 3200 ft. Ruwenzori Expedition. 7. Skel. _ 5 R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.) ; Ruwenzor1 Expedition. 8-13. Yg. L. Gangu. C. M. Woodhouse, Esq. (P.). 12. TILAPIA VARIABILIS. Chromis niloticus (non Linn.), Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 76. Tilapia galilea (non Artedi), Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 183. Lilapia variabilis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 447, Fish. Nile, p- 529, fie. (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 76. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with 168 CICHLID. convex upper profile, much broader than long (13 to 12), 3 to 2 post- ocular part of head; eye 34 (young) to 64 times in length of head, 15 (young) to 3 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than prieorbital depth ; mouth rather small, 3 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 to 8 series, 50 (young) to 120 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderate, 17 to 19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI--XVII (rarely XVIII) 10-13; spines subequal from the fifth, or last longest, 3 or a little less than 4 length of head; longest soft rays 2 to 2 length of head. Anal IIL (rarely IV) 10-11; third spine 2 to 3 length of head. Pectoral 5 1 to 1} times as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or tole oles “— Fig. 108, Tilapia variabilis. Pype. Ch N.)., 4: beyond. Ventral reaching vent, or not quite so far, rarely origin of anal. Caudal truncate, more or less obliquely in the adult, lower angle rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Scales cycloid, 31-35 ae lateral lines i Coloration very variable: uniform olive-brown above, or brilliant vermilion on the sides, or bright yellow with black markings; dorsal and caudal fins sometimes edged with red. Young with or without dark cross-bands on the body and oblique dark bands on the soft part of the dorsal fin, and with a blackish ocellar spot on the anterior part of the soft dorsal fin. Jotal length 320 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. TILAPIA. 169 1+?, 3-12, 13-25. Entebbe, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). Types. 26-27. Types. Lake near Entebbe. - 28-29. Ad. uA * C. C. Gowdey, Esq. (P.). 30. Skel. Entebbe. aa 31-32. Tvpes. Bunjako, L. Victoria. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 33, 34-36. Types. Buganga, 33 :, | ove Ad. Jmja, Ripon Falls, Dees Bayon (C:); Genoa Museum (P.). 38 Ad. Victoria Nile, between L. Dr. E. Bayon (C.); Kioge and Murchison Genoa Museum (P ). Falls. 39) Yo. I..Gangu, W.of L. Victoria. ©. M. Woodhouse, Esq. (P.). 13. TILAPIA GALILACA. Sparus galileus, Artedi, in Hasselq. Iter Paleest. p. 343 (1757). Tilapia pleuromelas, A. Dum, Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 253. Tilapia lateralis, A. Dum. 1. ¢. Tilapia macrocentra, A. Dum. t. e. p. 256. Chromis ? galilwus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 273 (1862). Chromis niloticus, part., Giinth. t. c. p. 267, Proce. Zool. Soe. 1864, p. 490, and Petherick’s Trav. ii. p. 216 (1869) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lx. i. 1870, p. 964, pl. iv. fig. 1. | Chromis pleuromelas, Giinth, Cat. p. 271. Chromis lateralis, Giinth. t. ce. p. 272. Chromis niloticus, Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. 1864, p. 226 ; Tristram, Faun. Palest. pl. xviil. fig. 1 (1884). Chromis tiberiadis, Lortet, Ain. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 135, pl. vi. Chromis microstemus, Lortet, t. ce. p. 139, pl. vill. fig. 1. Tilayia galilwa, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 114; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 311; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 531, pl. xev. (1907). Depth of body 15 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 14 to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, as broad as or a little broader than long, 4 to #? postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 23 times in interorbital width, less than preorbital depth in adult; mouth small, not more than } width of head, extending to below nostril, or slightly beyond; teeth in 3 (young) to 10 series, 40 (young) to 120 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 serics of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not exceeding diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, 18 to 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI- XVII (rarely XV) 12-14; spines very strong, last longest, $ to 3 length 170 CICHLID. of head ; longest soft ray 4 to once length of head. Anal III 10-12; third spine as long as or a little shorter or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral 1 to 13 times as long as head, extending to vertical of origin of anal, or beyond. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, O1 al 2/24 82-45 oe lee uniform or with small dark spots, or with ill-defined darker streaks along ; 19-22 “/ ; fo. lateral lines },-jg- Whitish to brownish or olive-green, the series of scales; a more or less distinct dark opercular spot; vertical fins greyish or brown, without markings in the adult; young with 6 to 9 more or lees distinct dark bars on the body, and oblique dark streaks Tilapia galiled. Khartum (IF. N.). 2. on the dorsal and anal fins; a round blackish spot on the anterior part of the soft dorsal fin in very young specimens. Total length 420 millim. Lake Galilee and Jordan ; Nile system up to Blue Nile and Bahr-el- Gebel; Senegal, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea, Lagos, Niger. 1-3. Ad. L. Galilee. Canon Tristram (C.). 4-7. Yo. L. Mareotis. I. Loaf, Esq. (C.). 8. Her. Near Ghet-el-Nassara, I. = Menzaleh, 9. Skel. 10, Her. 11-12, 138-14. Ad. 15. Ad, 16-20: Ad.'& hor. ZIP eA a 29-31. Hor. peAd: Do wweAd. 34-35. Yo. 36-40. Ad., her., 41-42. Hor, 43-44. Hor. & ye. a5 Ad: 46. Ad, 47-53. Hor. & yg. 54-55. Yg. 56. Ye. Dia Ads 58-59. Ye. 60-61. Yg. 62-71. Ye. 72-76. Ad. & her. ia NS. con] TILAPIA. Lower Nile. Near Cairo. Zoological Gardens, Giza. Bahr Selah, Fayum. Birket Karun, __,, Khartum., Omdurman. Nosaires. Blue Nile. Gondokoro. St. Louis, Senegal. Kaédi, * Gambia. 99 Corbal R.at Tchitala, Portug. Guinea. Geba R., Portug. Guinea. Ogun R. at Aro, Lagos. Jebba, Upper Niger. 99 a) Mureji, J Deert, mouth of Gurara R., Niger. Abo, Lower Niger. Agberi, _,, Niger. Benue R., N. of Ibi. 171 J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). J. Petherick, Esq. (C.). LL. Loat, Esq. (C.). M. P. Delhez (C.). 99 Sir A. Moloney (P.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). DreCs Christy. (P.). Capt. G. F. Abadie (P.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). J.J. Simpson, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. O. Forbes, Esq. (T’.). Norton Smith, Hsq. (C.). The following specimen is referred with doubt to this species :— (8.2 Vg: Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 14, TILAPIA ANDERSONITI. Chromys andersonii, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 14 (1861). Chromys chapmanii, Casteln. op. cit. p. 15. ? Chromys sparmanni (non A. Smith), Casteln. t. ¢. p. 12. Melanogenes microcephalus (non Bleek.), Sauy. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, pe 196; fie. Tilapia favomarginata, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 123, pl. xlvi. (1899), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 458, and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vi. 1910, p. 560; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 313, and Bull. Soe. Philom. (%) ie OOT, B30 hie. Tilapia andersonii, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xviii. 1911, p. 415. Depth of body : to 21 times in total length, Jength of head 2% to dy ge CICHLID. 3g times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, as broad as or a little broader than long, as long as or shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 to 54 times in length of head, 4 to % interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth; mouth moderate, 2 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 (young) to 8 series, 60 (young) to 110 in outer series of upper jaw ; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 20 to 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI (rarely XVII) 11-18; last spine longest, $ to a little over } length of head; longest soft rays 3 to 1 length of head. Anal III 9-11; third ae x to 2 length of head. Tilapia andersonti. Type of 7. flavomarginata (A. M.C.). 2. Petcoral 1 to 14 times as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or beyond. Ventral reaching anal or vent, or not quite so far. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29-383 a, lateral lines se Dark brown, the scales with lighter centres, or edged with whitish ; head sometimes with large black spots; a black opercular spot; vertical fins brownish, purplish, or blackish, usually with round white spots; dorsal and anal edged with yellowish (red in life). Total length 290 millim. Lake Neami district, Angola, Congo, Gabcon,—Tv » lost. TILAPIA. 173 1-8. Ad. Okovango R., L. Ngami. It. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 9. Skel. u r ce 10-11. Hgr. Tala Kilau, Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 12-21. Yg. Dongwenna Swamp, Mos- EA samedes. 22-24. Yg. Cahaku, Dongwenna, Mos- samedes, 20: Ve! Mucopa R., Mossamedes. ¥ 26-30. Ad., her., Quanza R. at Cunga, Angola. 4 & yg. 31-33. Ad. Quanza R. at Cambambe, ,, 43 *34-35. Ad. Bengo R. at Cabiri, e - 36-38. Ad. ]., Pangnila, Bengo R., _,, ‘ ae Ge Lower Congo. Brussels Museum (P.). 40-41. Yg. Boma, Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 42. Ye. Near Leopoldville, Congo. Drs. Dutton, Christy, and Todd (P.). 43. One ofthe types Kalombo Lagoon, Mayombe. Major Cabra (C.), of 7. flavo- marginata. 44, Ad. Lucula R., Chiloango R. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 45. Ad. Lebuzi R. at Kuka Muno, - Chiloango R. 46. Her. Lebuzi R. at Boma Vonde, a Chiloango R. 47. Ad. Luali R. at Buco Zau, Chi- P loango ht. 48. Ad. Ngomo, Ogowe. Rev. E. Haug (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 15. TILAPIA HEUDELOTI. A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 254; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 118 ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 314. Tilapia nigripinnis (Guichen.), A. Dum. 1. c.; Bouleng. t.c. p. 115 ; Pellegr. t. ¢. Polo. Tilapia rangii, A. Dum. t. ¢. p. 255; Bouleng. t. ¢. p. 126. Chromis heudeloti, Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 270 (1862). Chromis nigripinnis, Giinth. 1. e. Chromis microcephalus (Bleck.), Giinth. t. ce. p. 272. Melanogenes microcephalus, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2. p- 37, pl. vi. fig. 1. Chromis niloticus, part., Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 964. 174 CICHLIDE. Chromis rangit, Rochebr. Actes Soe. Linn. Bord. (4) vi. 1883, p. 133. Tilapia microcephala, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 114; Lonnb. Ann. & Mag. N.C) su 7d9035 p. 41. Depth of body 2 to 24 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 1? to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, as long as broad or a little broader than long, 2 to + postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 1} times interorbital width, much shorter than preorbital depth in adult ; mouth rather small, 4 to 3 width of head, (9) extending to below nostril or a little beyond; teeth in 3 (young) to Tilapia heudeloti. Senegal. 4. 7 series, 40 (young) to 110 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not more than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 15 to 19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV— XVI (rarely XIV or XVII) 11-15; spines subequal from the sixth, or last longest, 7 to $ length of head; longest soft ray 3 to # length of head. Anal III 8-11; third spine 7 to ? length of head. Pectoral 14 to 14 times as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or beyond. Ventral reaching anal or vent, or not quite so far. Caudal truncate or feebly but distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. 23 17-2 es Ways QF « 3 54 F ; : . 1 . Scales cycloid, 27-30 7 j,; lateral lines 3);. Olive above, goldex TILAPIA. Lie beneath, uniform or with more or less distinct dark bars in the young; a blackish opercular spot; soft dorsal with dark and light spots forming oblique streaks, with a large black spot at the base of its anterior part in the young. Total length 300 millim. Senegal to Gaboon.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-10, 11-19. Ad., St. Louis, Senegal. M. P. Delhez (C.). her., & yg. 20. Skel. 5 * * 21.) Her. Sacred Lake, Bucumachi, C. Beddington, Esq. (P.). nr. Kumasi R., Ashantee. 22a Yeas Sapelle, Niger Delta. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (C.). 23, 24-33. Hor. & Cross R. district, Old Calabar. Major W. A. C. Cockburn yg (B), 34. Her. Meme R., Cameroon. Mr. G. Linnell (C.) ; Prof. E. Lonnberg (P.). 35-36. Ad. Ja R.at Bfayong,S.Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 37. Hygr. Nyong R. at Akonolinga, a S. Cameroon. D8. Lon. Gaboon. 39-40. Types of W. Africa. Haslar Collection. Chrom. micro- cephalus. This species is very nearly connected with 7. galilea. 16. TILAPIA MULTIFASCIATA. Chromis multifasciatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 833, pl. xxxi. Tilapia multifasciuta, Pellegr. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 316. Depth of body 2} to 23 times in total length, length of head 22 to 23 times. Head 1¢ to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 4 times in leneth of head, 1 (young) to 14 times in interorbital width, as long as or a little longer than preorbital depth; mouth rather small, + to 2 width of head, extending a little beyond vertical of nostril; teeth in 3 (young) to 5 series, 50 (young) to 90 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 18-21 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV— XVI (rarely XIV) 12-13; spines subequal from the sixth, or last longest, about 2 length of head; longest soft ray 3 to } length of head. 176 CICHLID-E. Anal III 9-11; third spine 4 to 2 length of head. Pectoral 1 to 14 times as long as head, reaching vertical of orizin of anal, or beyond. Ventral reaching vent, or not quite so far. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28-31 oe lateral lines oe Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, with 5 to 9 more or less distinct dark vertical bars on orto Fig. 112. Tilapia multifascrata, Type, after Giinther (J. ¢.). 3. the side; a black opercular spot; a more or less distinct black spot (ocellar in the young) on the basal part of the origin of the soft dorsal. Total length 140 millim. Gold Coast. 1-15. Types. Like Busum-chi. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C) Dr. A. Giinther (P.)... 17. TILAPIA MACROCEPHALA. Sarotherodon melanotheron (nom, nud.), Riipp. Verz. Mus. Senck. iv. p. 21 (1852) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 273 (1862). Chromis macrocephalus (Bleek.), Giinth. 1. ¢. Melanogenes macrocephalus, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii, 1863, no. 2, p. 36, pl. vi. fig. 2. Tilapia macrocephala, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 115 ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 316. Depth of body 2% to 25 times in total length, length of head 22 to TILAPIA. Lid 3 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or convex upper profile, a little broader than long, } to } postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 44 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 13 times in interorbital width, equal to or less than preorbital depth ; mouth rather small, 2 to 4 width of head, extending a little beyond vertical of nostril; teeth in 3 (young) to 6 series, 50 to 74 in outer series of upper jaw ; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 15 to 18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 10-12; spines subequal from the sixth, or last longest, 2 to 3 length of head; longest soft rays 3 to } Fig. 113. 4°} BPD Rr) Pre ‘Ababpp By yyTaEaeY (nastiness Tilapia macrocephala. Lagos. 2. length of head. Anal III 7-9; third spine 3 length of head. Pectoral 1 to 11 times length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral reaching vent or anal, or not so far. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-30 ae lateral lines ae Brown above, yellow or white beneath; a black opercular spot; chin and throat or lower half of head often black, or spotted or marbled with black ; dorsal and caudal sometimes with round light spots ; anal grey or black ; ventrals 178 CICHLID. often black; dorsal sometimes edged with black; the angles of the caudal sometimes black; young with rather indistinct dark bars on the side. Total length 165 millim. Gold Coast, Ashantee, Lagos.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1-4. Ad. Ancobra Rt., Gold Coast. Major Burton and Capt. Cameron (P.). 5. Ad. Secconda Lagoon, _ ,, W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). 6-21, 22-41. Ad., Lagos Lagoon. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). her., & yg. 42. Skel. 5 - 43-62. Ye. Lagos. . 63-64. Her. & yg. W. Africa. Mr. E. Reichelt (P.). This and the preceding species may ultimately have to be regarded as varieties of 7. heudeloti. I am unable to find characters by which to separate them sharply. 18. TILAPIA NGOMENSIS. Pelleer. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxviil. 1913, p. 274. Depth of body hardly 2 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout nearly as long as eye, which is 33 times in length of head and |} times in interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 5 series, 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek. 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 13; spines subequal from the seventh. Anal 111 10. Pectoral a little longer than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, Ventral reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 33 ee lateral lines a. Yellowish, with 7 broad brown bars on the sides and a large black spot at the base of the first soft rays of the dorsal ; fins purplish. Total length 190 millim. Neomo, Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum. 19. TILAPIA HAUGI. Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Philom, (10) iii. 1911, p. 274, fig. Depth of body 2 to 2% times in total length, length of head 3 times or slightly over 3 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head ; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, 12 to 13 times in interobital width, a little less TILAPIA. 179 than preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, } width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 5 or 6 series, 44 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 16-18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 12-13; spines subequal from the sixth or last longest, 4 to 4 length of head; longest soft ray a little shorter or a little Jonger than head. Anal III 9-10; third spine # length of head. Pectoral as long as or slightly shorter than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal rounded- subtruncate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, Wt < ae Tilapia haugi. Type. 3. 30-31 a lateral lines ae Brown, with four to six more or less distinct broad darker vertical bands ; a blackish opercular spot; fins purplish brown with very indistinct small darker spots on the soft dorsal, and a large dark spot at the base of the origin of the latter. Total length 220 millim. Ogowe.—Type in Paris Museum. 1. One of the types. Ngomo, Lower Ogowe. Rev. E. Haug (C.); Paris Museum (I.). 2oahicr, LL. Ogemwe, Ovowe. Dr. W.J. Ansorge (C.). 180 CICHLIDLE. 20. TILAPIA AUROMARGINATA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 241. Depth of body 2} times in total length, length of head 54 to 54 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, nearly as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, equal to praorbital depth ; mouth moderate, # width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, many on the sides simply conical, in 4 or 5 series, 60 to 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, tuberculate, 15 to 17 Fie. 115, Tilapia auromarginata, Type. 3. on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-XVIII 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which is a little less than 4 length of head; longest soft rays # to $ length of head, Anal III 10; third spine 4 length of head. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal densely scaled, distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales cycloid or very indistinctly denticulate, 338-35 mas; lateral lines — Dark blue above, bluish white beneath; dorsal and anal dark blue, TILAPIA. 18] edged with bright yellow, the former with round red spots forming regular series between the rays; caudal with small round red spots. Total length 240 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-2. Types. L. Nyassa. Capt. E. IL. Rhoades (P.). 3. Skel. 29 9 21. TILAPIA LEPIDURA. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 116, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 459 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 317. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 13 to 1? times as long as broad; snout with convex Fig. 116. wy mies K \ A x Tilapia lepidura. Type, from Angola, 2. upper profile, broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head, 13 to 2 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth; mouth rather small, 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth extremely slender, in 4 series, 80 to 88 in outer series of upper jaw ; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 17 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-12; last spine longest, % to 13 Bou II/III 182 CICHLID.E. 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly as long as last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or not quite so far. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded, densely scaled. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29-32 a lateral lines — yellow beneath ; blackish spots on the dorsal and anal, confluent into oblique bands on the soft dorsal; a wide-meshed blackish network on the caudal, disappearing with age. Total length 190 millim. Angola, Congo. Brownish above, golden 1. Type. Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. (C.). 2. Type. Lower Congo. M. F. Hens (C.). 3. Hgr. Boma, Lower Congo. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 4, Ad. Bolobo, Upper Congo. Rey. G. Grenfell (PS). 22, TILAPIA BOULENGERI. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 121, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 318, pl. v. fig, 3. Depth of body 2 times in total length, length of head 23 times. Upper profile of head descending in a strong curve; snout rounded, Tilapia boulengeri. Type, after Pellegrin (Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1904). a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 times in length of head, less than depth of preorbital; mouth rather small, 2 width of head, extending a little beyond nostril; teeth in 6 series; 2 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 22 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 123 last spine longest, $ length of head. TILAPIA. . 183 Anal III 10. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal densely scaled, emarginate, pointed above, rounded beneath. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29 ao lateral lines a Brown above, golden beneath ; a dark opercular spot ; fins uniform greyish. Total length 203 millim. Upper Congo (Nganchou).—Type in Paris Museum, 23. TILAPIA SQUAMIPINNIS. Chromis squamipinnis, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 311, and 1893, p. 621, pl. liti. Tilapia squamipinnis, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zeol. Soe. 1899, p. 177; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 318. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 23 to Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad ; snout rounded, with 3 times. straight or convex upper profile, abont 3 as long as broad, 2 to # postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 53 times in Jength of head, 14 (young) to 23 times in interorbital width, equal to preorbital depth Tilapia squamipinnis, Type, after Giinther (P. Z.S. 1893). wo A in adult; mouth moderate, $ to 3 width of head, nostril and eye; teeth in 4 (young) to 7 series *, 50 (young) to 110 in extending to between * In one of the specimens received from Capt. Rhoades, all the outer teeth are conical, without secondary cusps. 184 CICHELE 2. outer series of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderate, 17 to 21 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines subequal from middle ones, or last Jongest, 7 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays + to # length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine } to 7 length of head. Pectoral as long as or slightly longer than head, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral reaching vent or not so far. Caudal densely scaled, rounded with a feeble median notch, or upper angle pointed. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales D: cycloid, 32-36 —— lateral lines aoe Pale greyish olive, with or without 8 more or less regular blackish cross-bars, or dark brown to bluish-black ; soft dorsal with oblique dark streaks, or fins bluish-black with a yellow or orange edge; the blackish cross-bars constant in the young, which bear a large black spot on the anterior part of the soft dorsal. Total length 300 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré River. 1-6. Skins, types. L. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (C.). 1, Ad, ‘3 Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 8-12. Ad. % Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 13. Skel. a ~ 14-23. Yg. L. Nyassa, between Kondowe A. Whyie, Esq. (C.) 3 Sir and Karonga. H. H. Johnston (P.). 24-30. Yg. L. Nyassa and Upper Shiré. oe : 31-32. Ad. & hgr. Upper Shiré. Dr. P.. Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 24, TILAPIA DOLLOI. Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 123, pl. xlv. fig. 5 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 467 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xiv. 1904, p. 332. 9 Depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little broader than long, 3 to 3 postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 44 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 1 times in interorbital width, equal to preorbital depth; mouth rather small, 2 to 3 width of head, exteuding a little beyond vertical of nostril ; teeth very small, extremely slender at the base, very movable, in 3 to 5 series, 40 (young) to 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 (rarely 3) series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. TMLA PLA: 185 Gil!-rakers short, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X V— XVI (rarely XVII) 9-11 *; spines subequal fiom the sixth or seventh, or last longest, 2 to not quite 4 length of head; longest soft rays $ to 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine 4 to 3 length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal ora little beyond. Vertical reaching vent or anal, or not so far. Caudal truncate or feebly but very distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid or very feebly ae 21-3 : 17-20 denticulate, 27-31 j) 35; lateral lines 45. Brown, grey, or olive, with Fig. 119. Tilapia dollot. Type (A.M.C.). 2. or without small black spots, belly white; lower half of head often black, or with ink-black spots; young with ill-defined narrow dark bars ; pectorals white, other fins grey or black, soft dorsal often with round light spots. Total length 155 millim. Spanish Guinea to Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. a Kae Benito R., Spanish Guinea. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). ZAd, Sette Cama, Gaboon. 3-5. Ad., hgr., Landana, Portug. Congo. Dr. Jackson (C.) ; Hon. W. & yg. Rothschild (P.). * 14 in one specimen from Chiloango. 186 CICHLID-®. 6-14. Ad., hgr., Chilvango, Portug. Congo. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). & yg. 15; Skel. 5 ” ” 16-17. Two of the L. Obeke, Upper Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). types. 25. TILAPIA MARIA. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 122, pl. xi. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 323. Depth of body 14 to 22 times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head 1? to 2 times as long as broad, with convex upper profile; snout rounded, about 14 times as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 23 (young) to dz times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, Tilapia marie. Oguta. 9 exceeding preeorbital depth; mouth rather small, 3 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril aud eye; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer very small, with very slender shafts, movable, 50 to 64 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 18 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI (rarely XV) 12-13; spines subequal from the fifth, or last longest, 5 to 3 length of head ; longest soft ray ? to once length of head. Anal 111 10-11; third spine as long as or shorter than last TILAPIA. 187 dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching or nearly reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29-31 eee lateral ree 022) : : , lines j>-4g° Pale brownish, with seven or eight very regular dark brown bars, as broad as or a little broader than the interspaces; five of these bands extend on the dorsal, the fourth involving a blackish spot at the base of the origin of the soft dorsal; a dark brown lateral band sometimes present; fins brown, soft dorsal with whitish spots or oblique bands. ; Total length 150 millim. Lower Niger, Lagos. 1-2. Types. Azuminé Creek, Opobo R., Miss Kingsley (C.). Niger Delia. 3-4. Ad. & hgr. Sapelle, Niger Delta. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 5. Skel. 3 . = 6-8. Ad. & hgr. Oguta, Lower Niger. ‘5 9-10. Yg. Abo, fs < 11-13. Ad. & hgr. Ogun R. at Aro, Lagos Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Fig. 121. JE SS LEUNG rod) As! Tilapia manyare. Type. 26. TILAPIA MANYARZE. Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 4u6. Depth of body 25 to 3 times in total length, length of head 22 to 23 times. Head twice as long as broad ; snout with straight upper profile, 188 CICHLID ZA, a little broader than long, } postocular part of head; eye 4 (young) to 6 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little greater than least depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, about 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth very seat in 2 or 3 rows, outer with extremely slender shaft, 50 to 60 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 14 or 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLI—XIII 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly $ length of head; longest soft rays not much longer. Anal III 9-10; third spine 2 length of head. Pectoral 2 to 3 length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate (?). Caudal peduncle 1} times as long 2 deep. Scales cycloid, extremely small on breast and belly, 30-32 75 a mG lateral lines eae Silvery grey, each scale with a bluish central spot; soft dorsal brownish at the base, with oblique series of light spots. Total length 116 mil’-n. Lake Manyara, a salt lake S.W. of Mt. Kilimanjaro, German East Africa. —Types in Berlin Museum. 1-3. Types. L. Manyara. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 27. TILAPTA AMPHIMELAS. Hilgend. Zool. Jai. -b., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 405. Agrees very closely with the preceding, of which, as suggested by its describer, it is perhaps the male. Outer teeth mostly unicuspid. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. D. XIII 11; A. IIL 10. Scales apparently as in the preceding. Dirty green, the centres of the scales silvery; breast, belly, ventrals, dorsal, and anal black; caudal greenish yellow; young with about 10 dark cross-bars. Total length 136 millim. Lake Manyara. Types in Berlin Museum. 28. TILAPIA ALCALICA. Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 407. Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 to 23 times in total length. Head 12 or 12 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little broader than long, a 2 postocular part of head; eye 34 to 44 times in length of head, a little TILAPIA. 189 vreater than praeorbital depth; mouth moderate, about } width of head, extending to vertical between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 series, outer with extremely slender shafts; 20 to 24 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII 11; spines subequal from the fourth, which measures 4 length of head; longest soft rays } length of head. Anal IIL 11; third spine + length of head. Pectoral 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral not ‘5 99 Fig. 122, Tiiania alealica. Dype.. x Uz. reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal pedunele as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 28-50 a lateral lines aa 5 breast and belly naked or covered with minute scales. Brownish above, dirty white beneath ; more or less distinct dark cross-bars on the back; each of the scales on the anterior part of the back with a blue vertical streak. Total length 50 millim. Volcanic holes near the Nguruman Salt Lake, German East Africa.— Types in Berlin Museum, 1-4, Types, Nr. L. Nguruman. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 29. TILAPIA DUBIA: Lénnb. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xiii. 1904, p. 137. Depth of body 2 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout with straight upper profile, as long as eye, which is 3 times in length of head and 1} times in interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer rather large and only slightly notched, about 28 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 13 or 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 15; spines subequal from the fifth, about 3 length of head. Anal III 10, third spine nearly as long as but stouter than longest 190 CICHLID. dorsal. Pectoral much longer than head and extending a good deal beyond origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal? (mutilated in the type). Caudal peduncle nearly 14 times as long as deep. Scales 3 j2> a black opercular spot ; a black spot at the base of the anterior soft rays , = Sikes OU De rer cycloid, about 27-28 lateral lines %. Seven dark bars on the body ; of the dorsal, above the fourth bar; anal and ventrals dusky to blackish. Total length about 82-85 millim. Lake Barombi-ba-Kotta, a volcanic lake on the Cameroon Mountain.— Type in Stockholm Museum. 30. TILAPIA MELANOPLEURA. A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 252, pl. xxii. fig. 1; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 123; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 329, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) x. 1908, p. 134; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 417. Tilapia affinis, A. Dum. t.c. p. 255; Bouleng. t.c. p. 127; Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 277. Tilapia polycentra, A. Dum. t. c. p. 254; Bouleng. t. c. p. 128. Chromis polycentra, Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 270. Chromis latus, Giinth. t.c. p. 271 (1862) ; Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. 1864, p. 227, pl. viii. figs. 1 & 2. Chromis melanopleura, Giinth. t. ¢. p. 272. Chromis aureus, Steind. t. c. p. 229, pl. viii. fig. 5. Chromis niloticus, part., Steind, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. 1870, p. 96. Chromis ceruleomaculatus, Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1880, p. 166, and Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. (4) vi. 1883, p. 132, pl. iv. fig. 3. Chromis faidherli, Rochebr. tt. cc. p. 167, and p. 134, pl. v. fig. 5. Chromis affinis, Rochebr. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. (4) vi. 1883, p. 131. Chromis ogowensis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 271, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 717, and 1902, ii. p. 321. Chromis rendalli, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 915, fig. Tilapia vendalli, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soc. L309, p. 126, Tilapia lata, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 125, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 466 (1901) ; Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixxxix. 1913, p. 60. Tilapia scvfasciata, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 276. Chromis discolor, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 332. Tilapia latifrons, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii, 1906, p. 571, pl. xl. Depth of body 12 to 24 times (rarely 2} times) in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 13 to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or convex, or slightly concave upper profile, as long as TILAPIA. 19] broad or a little broader than long, as long as postorbital part of head; eye 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 24 times in interorbital width, less than preeorbital depth in adult ; mouth moderate, $ to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 8 (young) to 5 more or less regular series, outer largest, 30 (young) to 60 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye in adult. Gill-rakers short, 8 to 12 on lower part of Fig. 123. Tilapia melanopleura, Type of 7. latifrons (Tr. Z. 8S. 1906). tole Py anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 10-14; last spine longest, 2 to 3 length of head ; middle soft rays more or less produced in adult, usually as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 9-11; third spine usually shorter than the longest dorsal. Pectoral 1 to 14 times as long as head, often extending nearly to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral usually reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid or very feebly denticulate, 29-32 a ; lateral lines — Olive-brown, with or with- out 4 to 6 very indistinct darker bars; a black opercular spot; dorsal fin with blackish oblique streaks, or grey or blackish, with or without 192 CLCHLID.E. round light spots ; a large black spot at the base of the anterior part of the soft dorsal, sometimes disappearing with age; caudal somet’mes with ruund light spots, or with a dark network. Total length 330 millim. West Africa, from the Senegal to Angola, Congo and Zambesi systems, Bechuanaland, Zululand, 1-7, “Ad, her; & yg. 8-9. Yg. 10-17. Ad., hgr., & yg. 18. Yg. 19-21. Ad., hgr., 30-31. Ad, 32-34. Ad. & ‘ligr. 35-36. Her. 37-38. Her. 39-41. Types of Chromis discolor. 42-51. Ad., her., 55-56. Ad. & a2 53-54. Ad. & her. ay) St. Louis, Senegal. Kaédi, 9 Gambia. bh] Calufi R., Portug. Guinea. Geba R., Nana Kru, Liberia. Kotchwah R., Gold Coast. Prah R., ” Kakum R., - Nyankoma, ‘ Dunkwa R., 4s L. Busum-chi, : Lagos Lagoon. Niger. Niger. Oeuta, Lower Niger. Sapelle, - 59-61. Her. & yg. Agberi, ss 62-65. Ye. Degama, < 66-67. Her. & Benue R., N. of Ibi. ye: 68. Hor, 69-71. Ad. & yg. 12.. Yo, 73-75. Ad. & her. 76-79, Ad. & yg. 80-S6. Ad. & yg. Oban District, Old Calabar. Warri, Old Calabar. Kribi R., 8S. Cameroon. Ja R., - Benito R., Spanish Guinea. Type in Paris Museum. M. P. Delhez (C.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (C.). Sir A. Moloney (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.). 9 R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 9 99 Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Mr. I. J. Dalton (C.) W. A. Forbes, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. L. Norton Traill, Esq. (ce). P. A. Talbot, Esq (P.). Miss Kingsley (C.). ” G. L. Bates, Esq. (G.). 87. Ad. 88, 89-92. Her. 93. Ad. 94-96. Types of C. ogowensis. 97-99. Her. 100. Ad. 101. Type of C, latus. t02-103. Ad. 104-113. Hgr. & ys: 114. Ad. 115. Skel. iG Yio. 117. Type of T. latifrons. 118-121. Her. & yg. 122-124. Her. 125-126, 127-130. Ad., hgr., & yg. 131.,Ad. 132. Skel. 133-135. Types of C. rendalli. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. Ad. 141. Ad. 142-145. Ad. & her. TILAPIA. Gaboon. ” Ngomo, Ogowe. Lambarene, Ogowe. Chiloango Town, Portuguese Congo. Kuka Muno, Luculla R., Chiloango. W. Africa. Quanza R. at Cunga, Angola. Dongwenna Swamps, Mossamedes.. Stanley Falls, Upper Congo. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Kituta, L. Tanganyika. IL. Mweru at Lukonzolwa. Luapula R. at Kasenge. L. Bangwelu. L. Nyassa. Upper Shiré R. Chiromo, Shiré R. ” 99 Maramba R., 2 miles above Victoria Falls. Idunda R., Portuguese E. Africa, Klein Letaba R., Transvaal. L. Sibayi, Zululand. Okovango R., L. Ngami District. 193 R. B. N. Walker, Esq. Rev. E. Haug (C.); Paris Museum (E.). Miss Kingsley (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Mr. L. Fraser (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 39 Rev. W. H. Bentley (C.). Capt. Royaux (C.). Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Dr. L. Stappers (C.). F. W. Melland, Esq. (P.). Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). Dr. P. Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). R. MacDonald, Esq. (P.). C. B. C. Storey, Esq. (P.). T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). C. F. M. Swynnerton, Esq. (E.). Hon. P. A. Methuen (P.). Dr. K. Warren (P.). R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). ‘This species appears to be completely connected with the preceding. Under the name of Tilapia lata, var. camerunensis, Lonnberg, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 41, has described a single specimen from the Meme River, Cameroon, which appears to differ only in having a smaller number of scales in a longitudinal series, viz. 26. 194 CICHLID, 31. TILAPIA MEEK. Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xaxvi. 1911, p. 185, and Ann. Instit. Océanoer. vi. 4, 1914, p. 63, pl. il. fig. 2. Depth of body 1? to 2 times in total length, length of head 2} to 3 times. Eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, 14 to 13 times in inter- crbital width; mouth about 2 width of head, extending a little beyond vertical of nostril; teeth small, in several series, 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek. 14 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 14; last spine longest, 1 or nearly } length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30 lateral lines a Brownish, with a black opercular spot and five or six large black spots along the side of the body ; vertical fins and ventrals blackish. Total length 180 millim. Lagoon in Ivory Coast.—Types in Paris Museum. 32. TILAPIA CABRAl. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. 1. p. 51, pl. xxvii. (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 469 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 323. Depth of body 14 to 2% times in total length, length of head 23 to 33 times. Head 13 to 1$ times as long as broad, with convex or slightly concave upper profile ; snout 13 to 1} times as broad as long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 4} times in length of head, 1 (young) to 2 times in interorbital width, a little less than preorbital depth in adult ; mouth moderate, 3 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 (young) to 8 series, outer largest, 30 (young) to 80 in upper jaw, and separated trom the others by a rather wide interspace ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye in adult. Gill-rakers short, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV— XVI (rarely XIV or XVII) 12-13; last spine longest, } to 2 length of head ; middle soft rays more or less produced in adult, usually as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 10-11; third spine shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral $ to once length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral usually reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, TILAPIA. 195 3} rane ; pane 25-3 3-74; lateral, lines eas Olive-brown, young with 5 or 6 broad darker vertical bands which disappear more or less completely in the adult; a blackish opercular spot ; young with a large black spot at the base of the last spines and the first soft rays of the dorsal, becoming Fig. 124. Tilapia cabre. Type(A.M.C.). 2. indistinct or disappearing in the adult; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal dark, with or without small round light spots or with dark vermiculations, sometimes with a light edge. Total length 300 millim. Chiloango and Angola.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the Kaika N’Zobe, Loango. Major Cabra (C.). types. 2-5..Ad.&hgr. Loango R. above N’Kutu. Dr. W. J. Ansorge ((.). 6-10. Her. & Luali R. at Buco Zau, Rs yg. Chiloango. de Ad. Lebuzi R. at Boma Vonde, - Chiloango. 12, Ad. Lebuzi R. at Kuka Muno, Chiloango. 13-16. Ad. & hgr. Quanza R, at Cunga, Angola. ‘: 17. Skel. a >, a 18-20. Ad. & yg. 3 ead) L. Rumango, Bengo R., _,, : at Muno, ; 196 CICHLID 2. 33. TILAPIA BREVIMANUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1911, p. 57. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Ilead twice as long as broad, upper profile convex; snout as long as broad, or a little broader, as long as or slightly longer than postorbital part of head; eye 5 to.3$ times in length of head, equal to interorbital width, and slightly exceeding depth of preorbital; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; outer teeth moderately large, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, followed after a rather wide interspace by 3 to 5 regular and Fig. 125. = ke gs i) > ANS % Tilapia brevumanus. Type. well-separated series of smaller teeth; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, the vertical diameter of the scaly part below the eye 2 to 2 dia- meter of latter. Giull-rakers short, 13-15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI (rarely XVII) 12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 3 length of head; soft portion pointed, produced into a long filament in the male. Anal J]I 8-9; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral } to # length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. DELAB IA: OG A ARSE : D1699 : : Scales not denticulate, 30-32 5,4,; lateral lines Tiig: Yellowish olive above, whitish beneath; 8 or 9 dark brown cross-bands on the head and sack, not descending to the belly, the first between the eyes ; fins olive, dorsal and anal with yellowish spots at the base; a dark basal spot at the origin of the soft dorsal. Total length 150 millim. Portuguese Guinea. 1-6. Types. Geba R. at Bafata. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 7-9. Ad. Culufi R. above Bafata. 29 34. TILAPIA ZILLI. Acerina zillu, Gerv. Ann. Se. Nat. (3) x. 1848, p. 203. Coptodon zillu, Gerv. Bull. Soc. Agric. Hérault, 1853, p. 80, pl. iv. figs. 5-7 ; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 252. Glyphisodon zilli, Val. C.R. Ac. Se. xlvi. 1858, p. 713. Flaligenes tristrami, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 471, pl. ix. fig. B. Chromis tristrami, part., Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 269 (1862). Sarotherodon? zillii, Giinth. t. ¢. p. 274. Chromis andrex, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 492 ; Lortet, Ann. Mus. Lyon, iii, 1883, p. 142, pl. vil. fig. 3; Tristr. Faun. Palest. pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1884). Chromis niloticus, part., Gerv. Zool. Pal. Gén. p. 205, pl. xlv. fig. 3 (1869), and Journ. de Zool. iit. 1874, p. 455. Chromis mossambicus, part., Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 23. Chromis zilliit, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 163; Rolland, Rev. Scientif. (4) ii. 1894, p. 418, fig. Chromis menzalensis, J. C. Mitch. Rep. Fish. L. Menzaleh, p. 13, pl. iii. (1895). Chromis tristrami, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 218. Tilapia tristrami, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 6. Tilapia menzalensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 119. Tilapia zillii, Bouleng. 1. c.; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 327 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 519, pl. xii. (1907). Chromis busumanus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 333, pl. xxx. Tilapia busumana, Peilegr. t. ¢. p. 332. Depth of body 2% to 23 times in total length, length of head 22 to 34 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or slightly concave upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postorbital part of head; eye 35 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 1 (young) to 2 times in interorbital width, less than preorbital depth in adult; mouth usually rather large, 2 to $ width of 14 Bou II/III 198 CICHLID. head, extending to below anterior border of eye, or to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 to 6 more or less regular series, outer largest, 20 (young) to 60 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace; 8 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or greater than diameter of eye in adult. Gill-rakers short, 8-11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 10-18; last spine longest, 2 to 2 length of head; middle soft rays more or less produced in adult, usually as long as head. Anal III 7-10 (usually 8-9); third spine usually shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long Fig. 126. Tilapia xilliz, L. Menzaleh (F. N.). Wii as head or a little shorter, rarely slightly longer, rarely extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral usually reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate or rounded-subtruncate, rounded in old specimens. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid or very feebly denticulate, 28-33 —— lateral lines eters Dark green, olive, or brown, usually with 6 to 8 more or less distinct dark cross-bars, with or without a dark stripe along the middle of the side; a black opercular spot; sometimes a dark yertical bar below the eye ; vertical fins with dark markings, which often form oblique streaks on TILAPIA. 99 the dorsal and anal fins, and may form a network on the caudal fin; a black spot on the base of the anterior soft dorsal rays ; caudal fin often dark, with or without round whitish spots ; in life, the lower parts often of a dark blood-red. Total length 290 millim. Lake Galilee, Algerian Sahara, and Lower Hgypt, to the Bahr-el- Gebel, the Victoria Nile, Lakes Rudolf and Gandjule (Margherita), Chad Basin, Niger, Gold Coast.—Types in Paris Museum. 1-2. Yg. 3-5. Ye. 6-7. Types of Chromis tris- tram. 8-9. Yo. 10-11. Hgr. 12-21. Ad. & hgr. 22-25. Ye. 20-27. Ad. 28-33. Types of Chromis men- calensis. 34-63. Ad. & her. 64. Skel. 65-72, 73-83. Ad., her., & yg. St. Yo. 85-100, 101-120. Ad., hgr., & yg. 122. Ad. 122-131. Ad. & Ye: 132. Yo. 133. Ad. 134-143. Ye. 144-147. Ad. & ys: 148. Ad. EOS tcl: Near Biskra, Algerian Sahara. Oumach, is Tugegurt, . %9 le ee Wed Rir, i L. Mareotis. Near Alexandria. L. Borollos. L. Menzaleh. ” 99 Ghet-el-Nassara, near L. Menzaleh. Bahr-el-Tawilah, near LL. Menzaleh. Nile near Samannud. Nile at Cairo. Canal near Cairo. Zoological Gardens, Giza. sirket Karun, Fayoum. L. No, White Nile. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. Fajao, Victoria Nile. L. Rudolf. W. J. Harding King, Esq. (Ps): R. Gurney, Hsq: (P-). Canon Tristram (C.). Dr. F. Werner (P.). M. Jus (C.) ; Paris Museum (H.). L. Loat, Hsq. (C.). (. H. Schoeller, Esq. (P.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.)- Dr. J. C. Mitchell (P.). L. Loat, Esy. (C.). +? Dr. W. A. Cunnington and Dr. C. L. Boulenger (P.). L.. Loat, Esq. (C.). ”? J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. Donaldson Sinith (C.). 200 CICHLID. 150:, Yg. Jebba, Upper Niger. Capt. G. F. Abadie (P.). 152+, Ad, Fe ‘ C.. HB. Firmin, Begs (Pe). 152-153. Ad. Mureji, 94 J. S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). 154-158 Ad. & Tano R., Gold Coast. Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell (P.). vg. 159-163. Types of L. Busum Chi, Gold Coast. Rt. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Chromis busu- Dr. A. Giinther (P.). MANUS, 164. Skel. . a Fe . 165-167. Types of L. Galilee. Canon Tristram (C.). Chromis andrew. 35. TILAPIA KOTTA. Lonnb. Ann. & Mag. N. H.-(7) xiii. 1904, p. 135. Depth of body 2} to 23 times in total length, length of head 22 t 3 times, Head a little less than twice as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as postorbital Fig. 127, a “ai ll Tilapia kotte, Type. part of head ; eye 33 (young) to 4 times in length of head, 11 to 14 times in interorbital width, nearly equal to preorbital depth; mouth rather large, } to ¢ width of head, extending to between nostril and eye or almost to balay anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer TILAPIA. 201 largest, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace ; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 11-12; last spine longest, about 4 length of head; middle soft rays about 3 length of head. Anal III 8; third spine shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral slightly shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal, Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 26-29 a lateral lines FT Males brownish above and black or blackish beneath, females whitish beneath ; faint traces of four or five dusky bars sometimes present on the body; a black opercular spot; soft dorsal with a large basal black spot, with or without roundish light spots, which may also be present on the upper half of the caudal. Total length 140 millim. Barombi-ba-kotta, a small isolated lake of volcanic origin on the Cameroon Mountain.—Types in Stockholm Museum. 1-2. Two of the L. Barombi-ba-kutta. Dr. G. Linnell (C.) ; types. Prof. E. Lonnberg (P.). 36. TILAPIA GUINEENSIS. Chromis guineensis (Bleek.), Giinth, Cat. Fish. iv. pp. 271 & 510 (1862). Chromis tristrami, part., Giinth. t. e. p. 269. Haligenes guineensis, Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. 1863, no. 2, p. 41, pl. vil. Tilapia guineensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 124; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 333. Depth of body 25 to 2} times in total length, length of head 3+ to 34 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout deep, with steep upper profile, a little broader than long, 13 to 1} times as long as eye, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, equal to or a little less than depth of preorbital ; mouth rather large, 3 to } width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye or not quite so far; teeth in 4 series, outer largest, about 50 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace ; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part at least equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 11-15; last spine longest, 2 to 2 length of head; middle soft rays much produced, much longer than head. Anal U1 9; third spine shorter than longest dorsal, sott rays produced 202 CICHLID-X. like the dorsal. Pectoral a little longer than head, not extending quite to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal feebly emarginate, the outer rays somewhat pro- duced. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30-31 Se lateral lines ad Dark olive ; vertical fins with some light spots, which may be confluent into two or three streaks Tilapia yurineensis. y Type. 4. on the dorsal; the extremity of the fins blackish; a black opercular spot. Total length 190 millim. Ashantee. Te Type. Ashantee, 2A. Sacred Lake, Bucumachi, near (C. Beddington, Esq. (P.). Kumasi R. a7. TILAPIA THOLLONI. Chromis tholloni, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 196, pl. v. fig. 1. Tilapia tholloni, Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 121, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 468 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 324. Depth of body 2? to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as postocular part of head; eye 3% to 4 times in length of head, 14 to 14 times in interorbital width, equal to TEA PEA. 203 preorbital depth; mouth about 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth in 4 or 5 series, outer largest, 60 to 70 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 8-10; last spine longest, $ length of head; longest soft rays Fig. 129. MAA Tilapia thollont. Type. 3. nearly as long as head. Anal III 8-9; third spine a little shorter: than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or not quite so far. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded, scaled nearly all over. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29-30 — lateral lines . Olive ; a black opercular spot continued as a more or less interrupted dark band along the side of the body; rather indistinct dark cross-bars may be present on the body; dorsal with dark and light streaks and a blackish spot at the base of the origin of the soft dorsal; caudal with round light spots in a dark network. Total length 180 millim. Upper Ogowe, Chiloango, Lower Congo —Types in Paris Museum. Ad. Kalombo-Songo Lagoon, Chiloango KR. Major Cabra (C.). Ad. Boma, Lower Congo. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). ho Re 204 CLICHLID. 38. TILAPIA CHRISTYI, sp. n. Depth of body 2} to 24 times in total length, length of head 34 to 32 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 times in length of head, 12 times in interorbital width, equal to prorbital depth; mouth 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 series, outer largest, 40 to 50 in upper jaw, and separated from the others by a rather wide interspace ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 12-13; last spine longest, $ length of head; longest soft rays 2 to $ length of head, Anal III 9-10; third spine nearly 3 or ? length of head. Pectoral as long as or a litile longer than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, not reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded, scaled nearly all over. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30-31 —— lateral lines — Brownish; the scales on the sides dark brown or blackish at the base; six rather indistinct dark cross-bars on the body; a black opercular spot; spinous dorsal with large brown spots; a large black spot at the base of the anterior rays of the soft dorsal, followed by blackish spots forming oblique streaks or a network ; caudal with round light spots in a brown network. Total length 180 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Stanley Falls. Dr. C. Christy (C ). 39. TILAPIA BILINBATA. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 276; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 470 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 325, pl. v. fig. 1. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times, Snout with slightly convex upper profile, 13 to 14 times as long as eye, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width ; mouth 4 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 to 6 series, outer largest, 50 to 78 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. TILAPIA. 205 Dorsal XVII-XVIIL 9-10 ; spines subequal from the fifth, ? to 4 length of head. Anal Ill 7; third spine a little longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded, feebly emarginate, covered Fig. 130. Tilapia bilineata. Type, after Pellegrin (Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1904). 3. with scales. Caudal peduncle slightly deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30-52 a3 lateral lines a Brown above, yellowish beneath; two black lateral bands, corresponding to the two lateral lines. Total length 180 millim. Alima R., Upper Congo.—Types, in Paris Museum, examined. 40. TILAPIA CRASSA. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 120, and Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 324, fig. Depth of body twice in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout Fig. 131. Tilapia crassa, Type, after Pellegrin (Mém. Soe. Zool. France, 1904). 3. with slightly concave upper profile, as long as eye, a little longer than 206 CICHLIDZ. postocular part of head; eye 3} times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth very small, in 5 series; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill- rakers short, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 9; spines equal from the fifth, $ length of head. Anal III 7; third spine Jonger than longest dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Candal rounded, slightly emarginate, covered with scales. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 29 ae lateral lines a Olive; an ill-defined dark spot behind the eye and another at the base of the origin of the soft dorsal. Total length 170 millim. Alima R., Upper Congo.—Type in Paris Museum, 41. TILAPIA SPARRMANI. A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Fish. pl. v. (1840) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p- 119, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 462 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 319 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 417. Chromis sparmanni, Giinth, Cat. Fish. iv. p. 269 (1862). Chromis niloticus, part., Peters, Reise Mossamb. iv. p. 23 (1868). Tilapia fouloni, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H., (7) xvi. 1905, p. 647. Depth of body 2 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3} Fig. 132. Tilapia sparrmant. Type. times. Head 12 to 14 times as long as broad; snout with straight or slightly convex or slightly concave upper profile, broader than long, as TILAPIA. 207 long as or longer than eye, a little shorter than postocular part of head, eye 3 (young) to 44 times in length of head, # to # interorbital width, equal to ora little more than depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, 3 to = width of head, extending to between nostril and eye, or nearly to below anterior border of latter ; teeth small, in 3 to 6 series, 40 (young) to 80 in outer series of upper Jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly portion less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII—-XV 9-11 (very rarely 12); last spine longest, 2 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays 2 to once length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine a little shorter but stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, rarely just as long, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded or rounded-subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-29 a lateral lines a Pinkish brown to dark olive- brown, the scales sometimes with greenish-yellow margins; young with seven to nine dark bars, which may persist, though feebly marked, in the adult; a blue-black opercular spot; vertical fins with or without yellow edge, with small dark spots, or dorsal and anal with oblique darker and lighter stripes; a large blackish spot often present at the base of the soft dorsal, between the anterior rays; outer ventral rays usually black. Total length 190 millim. Angola, Katanga, Lakes Mweru and Bangwelu, and Zambesi to Orange River and Natal. 1-3. Ad. & yg. Fluilla, Angola. Dr. Welwitsch (P.). 4, Yg. Ques ees Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 5-6. Ad. LL. Pempere, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 7-8. Ye. I.. Dilolo, <7 i, SE MANU Kafubo R, 55 Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 10-11. Ad. L. Mweru at Pakalulwa. ¥ 12-12. Ye. “ Lukonzolwa. - 14. Type of L.. Banewelu. F. H. Melland, Esq., and T. fouloni. Father Foulon (P.). 15-21. Ad. & yg. in I’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 22) der, Kazungula, Upper Zambesi. Rev. L. Jalla (C.); > Turin Museum (P.). 23.8Ad. Mazoé, 8. Rhodesia. J. ff. Darling, Esq. (P.). 24-25. Her. Umsitu R, Broken Hill, Rev. F. A. Rogers and S. Rhodesia. KE. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.). 2o-27. Ad. Okovango R.. near L. Ngami, RR. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 208 28-29. Types. 30-32. Ad. & hgr. 33-34. Yo. 35. Ad. 36. Ad. 37. Skel. 38-40. Ad. & her. 41. Ad. 42-43. Ad. 44. Ad. 45-46. Ad. 47-51. Ad. & CICHLIDA. Namaqualand, N. of Orange R. Griqualand West. Vredeford Road, Orange R. Colony. N. Transvaal. Groot Olifants R., Transvaal. bee Klein Olifants R., ws Klip R., sf Mooi R., Potchefstroom, Transvaal, S.W. of Middelburg, Transvaal. Crocodile R., Transvaal. Negoyi Hills, Zululand. Umfulosi Station, Zululand. Indukuduku, - 42. TILAPIA OVALIS. Sir A. Smith (P.). S. African Museum (P.). Capt. Barrett Hamilton (P.). Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). S. African Museum (P.). J. Pershouse, Esq. (P.). Hon. P. A. Methuen (P.). Mr. C. Grant (C.) ; C.D. Budd, Esqz (BA). Dr. E, Warren (P.). Chromis ovalis, Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 761. Tilapia ovalis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 119, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, \ . i : p- 461 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 319. Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 to 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile straight or curved ; snout as long as broad, a little longer than eye, which is 33 (young) to 4 times in length of head, and slightly exceeds interorbital width or preorbital depth ; mouth about $ width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 3 series, 40 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gull-rakers short, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 9-11; last spine longest, ? to $ length of head; longest soft rays 4 to 3. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin Caudal Scales cycloid or very finely denticulate, of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. peduncle as long as deep. (3 iad 30 23-3 m iF t 4 ] li a 13-19 4i- 10 °? a era 1nes 1-10 vertical bars; a black opercular spot; dorsal and anal edged with black, Olive-brown, with or without faint darker TILAPIA. 209 and with dark and light spots, or with black streaks; outer ventral rays black or blackish. Total length 100 millim. Angola, Bechuanaland, Rhodesia, Katanga, Lake Bangwelu.—Type in Vienna Museum. Tilapia ovalis. L. Bangwelu. i Yo. Chiringa, N.W. Rhodesia. Franklin White, Esq. (P.). 2-3. Her. Lofoi, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 4-5. Yg. L. Dilolo, Katanga. . 6-10. Ad., her., L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). & yg. 43. TILAPIA STEINDACHNERI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 483. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3 times in total length. Head a little more than twice as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, as long as broad or a little longer than bread, as long as postocular part of head ; eye 3 (young) to 43 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width or suborbital depth ; mouth moderate, about % width of head, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth small, in 3 series, 40 to 60 in outer row of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to ora little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 to 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XV 12-15; spines equal in length from the sixth or seventh, 3 to not quite $ length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral ? to $ length of head, nearly reaching 210 CICHLIDA., vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or slightly longer than deep. Fig. 134. at %4 Hh Tilapia steindachnert, Type, Dongwenna Swamp. ; 34-4 : 20-22 ; Scales cycloid, 31-33 “7; lateral lines 45. Brownish above, silvery white beneath ; soft dorsal and caudal with small red spots. Total length 125 millim. Mossamedes, 1-4, Types. Dongwenna Swamp. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (U.). 5-9. Types. Que R. > 44, TILAPIA PERCIVALI. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 676, pl. Ixxix. fig. 3. Depth of body equal to leneth of head, 24 times in total length. Tilapia percivali. Type (PB. Z.8. 1912). 4. Head about twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little broader than long, ? postocular TILAPIA. zal part of head; eye 34 (young) to 4 times in length of head, greater than preorbital depth; mouth large, # width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; lips very strongly developed ; teeth moderately slender, in 3 or 4 series, 40 to 50 in outer series of upper Jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part rather Jess than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 13 or 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XITI-XV 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III eenucnalty IV) 9-10; third spine }$ length of head. Pectoral about 8 length of head, usually not reaching origin of anal. _ Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded, sup open: Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 30-31 a lateral lines —— Dark brown, with black vertical bars on the body, or entirely black. Total length 75 millim. Eusso Nyiro, Kast of Lake Baringo. 1-8. Types. Hot springs at Chandler Falls, A. Blayney Percival, Esq. N. Eusso Nyiro, 2500 ft. (P2); 9, Skel. 3 i 5s 45. TILAPIA GRAHAMI. N. H. (6) ax colo, p.519. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 24 to 23 times. Head large, 14 to 13 times as long as broad; snout rounded, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. he Fig. 136. Tilapia graham. Type. 9 with convex upper profile, much broader than long, % to ? postocular part of head; eye 35 to 44 times in length of head, a little greater than preorbital depth; mouth large, ? width of head, extending to between vertical of nostril and anterior border of eye; lips very strongly developed, the lower forming a very distinct lobe on each side; teeth 212 CICHLID. _ moderately slender, in 4 series, 30 to 34 in outer series of uppei jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI 11-12; spines feeble, subequal from the third, which measures 4 length of head. Anal III 8-9; spines feeble, like the dorsals. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 28-50 — lateral lines an breast and belly naked. Dark blue above, with more or less distinct, ill-defined, darker bars; sides with pale blue spots; dirty white beneath; lower labial lobe perfectly white; fins greyish, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with numerous small darker spots which may form vertical bars on the caudal ; the latter with the posterior edge of a faint pink. Total length 60 millim. Lake Magadi, a hot soda lake in bottom of Rift Valley, British East Africa, at an elevation of 1980 feet above sea-level. 1-5. Types. LL. Magadi. J. W. Graham, Esq. (P.). 6-35. Ad., yg., & eggs. 5 C. W. Woodhouse, Esq. (P.). Tilapia woosnami. Type (Tr. Z..8. 1911)... 3: 46. TILAPIA WOOSNAMI. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 417, pl. xliii. fig. 2. Depth of body 2% times in total length, length of head 3 times. Ilead twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, as long as post- orbital part of head, as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile; eye 44 times in length of head, equal to width of interorbital region or depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, 2 width of head, TILAPIA. 23 extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in outer row rather large, 36 in upper jaw, with an inner row of very minute teeth; 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill- rakers very short, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 13; spines equal in leneth from the seventh, which is ? length of head ; longest soft rays 4 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine nearly as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral barely reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales with feebly denticulated 29 border, 34 Ee lateral lines 73. Brownish above, yellowish beneath ; dorsal with round black spots between the soft rays. Total length 110 millim. Lake Ngami Basin. 1. Type. Okovango R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 47, TILAPIA JALL. Chromis jalle, Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin. xi. 1896, p. 260. Tilapia jalle, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 123; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 329. Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Snout a little longer than eye, which is 33 times in length of head and 14 times interorbital width ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small; 6 or 7 series of scales on the cheek. Gill- rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 10; spines subequal from the fifth, which measures 4 length of head; last soft rays prolonged into filaments. Anal IIl §; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 33 a3 lateral lines ae Olive-brown, with traces of five darker bars. Total length 75 millim. Upper Zambesi (district of the Victoria Falls)—Type in Turin Museum. 48. TILAPIA HUMILIS. Chromis humilis, Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 763. Tilapia humilis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 124; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 322. 2 Depth of body 52 times in total length, length of head 55 times. 3 15 Bou II/III 214 CICHLIDA. Snout with straight upper profile; eye 42 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 6 or 7 series of scales on the cheek. Dorsal XV 10; last spine longest, about 3 length of head; longest soft rays not quite 4 length of head. Anal Il] 8. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal rounded. Scales 30 = lateral lines ae Yellowish brown ; a black opercular spot ; dorsal and caudal with round blackish spots. Total length 115 millim. Angola.—Type in Vienna Museum. Fig. 138. Tilapia buettihofert. Type of 7. ansorgu. 3 De 49, TILAPIA BUETTIKOFERI. Chromis biittikofer’, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus, iii. 1881, p. 66 ; Steind. op. cit. evi L002, Pood, Tilapia buettikoferi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 128; Pellegr. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 322. Tilapia ansorgu, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1911, p. 376. Depth of body 2 to 24 in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 1 times as long as broad, upper profile slightly concave ; snout as long as broad, 13 times as long as eye in adult, as long as eye in young; eye 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 1$ times in TILAPIA. 215 interorbital width, equal to depth of praorbital; mouth extending to between nostril and eye, extremity of maxillary exposed; outer teeth in both jaws large, obtusely bilobed, 20 (young) to 38 in upper jaw, followed after a wide interspace by a few minute tricuspid teeth arranged in 2 or 3 transverse series; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek, the vertical diameter of the scaly part below the eye equal to diameter of latter. Gill-rakers rather short, the larger anvil-shaped, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV—XV 14-16; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } to 2 length of head; longest soft ray 2 to 3 length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine longest, stronger but shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded, scaly all over in the adult. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales not or but very feebly denticulate, 29-32 ee lateral lines os Grey or brown, with seven or eight broad black vertical bars descending to the mid-ventral line, the first passing through the eye, the last on the caudal peduncle; pectoral greyish, other fins blackish, Total length 210 millim. Liberia and Portuguese Guinea.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1-7. Types of T. ansorgii. Culufi R. above Bafata, Dr. W. J. Ansorge Portuguese Guinea. (Cry. 8-10. Pe Geba R. at Bafata, Portu- ~ guese Guinea. 11. Skel. a * : 12-14. Her. & yg. Gam Besse, Ceorbal R., * Portuguese Guinea. 50. TILAPIA FASCIATA. Chroms fasciatus, Perugia, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) x. 1892, p. 970. Tilapia monteiri, Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 133. Tilapia fasciata, Bouleng. |. c., and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 465 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 339. Depth of body equal to length of head, 2} to 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head, slightly exceeds interorbital width, and considerably exceeds depth of preorbital ; mouth rather large, § to # width of head, extending to below anterior border 216 CICHLID. of eye or a little beyond in the adult ; maxillary exposed ; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer largest, 40 to 60 in upper jaw; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-—XV 10-11; spines equal from the fourth or fifth, about 4 length of head, 3 as long as longest soft rays, Anal III 6-7; third spine as long as and thicker than dorsals. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal Fig. 139. Tilapia faseiata. Matadi (tail restored). rounded, densely scaled at the base. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales with finely denticulate edge, 29-30 S; lateral lines — Brownish, young with numerous, rather indistinct darker vertical bars ; soft dorsal with oblique dark streaks. ‘Votal length 105 millim. Lower Congo.—Types in Genoa Museum. 1-6. Yg., types. Nivi. Capt. G. Bove (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 7. Type of 7. montevi. Boma. J.J. Monteiro, Esq. (C.). 8. Ad. Matadi. Dr. Jackson (C.) ; Hon. W. Rothschild (P.). 9-11. Hor. & yg. Near Leopoldville. Drs. Dutton, Christy, and Todd (P.). 12-14. Hgr. & yg. Kinshassa, Stanley Pool. Mr. A. Greshoff (C.) ; Utrecht University (E.) TILAPIA. 2% ji, TILAPTA BURTONT. Chromis burtoni, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 631, pl. lviil. fig. C. Tilapia burton, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 5, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 127, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 460 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 320. Depth of body 24 to 24 times in total length, length of head 25 to 3% times. Head 2 to 21 times as long as broad; snout with straight or slightly concave upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than Dilapra burtoni. Kitutu. broad, much shorter than postocular part of head, | to 14 times as long as eye, which is 34 (young) to 4 times in length of head, equals inter- orbital width, and exceeds least depth of preorbital; mouth rather large, 2 to 2 width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; maxillary exposed; teeth small, in 4 to 6 series close together, 50 (young) to 70 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLV-XV 9-11; spines increasing in length to the tenth or last, which measures } to 4 length of head; longest soft rays about 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as or a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral 3 to # length of head, reaching or not vertical of origin of anal. Ventral somewhat produced, extending to origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded or rounded- subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. bye 7 8-33 rhe ese Scales more or less distinctly denticulate, 28-31 45>; lateral lines gj3- 218 CICHLID®. Brown or olive above, whitish beneath, often with two dark bars across the snout and another below the anterior third of the eye; border of lower jaw and lower limb of praoperculum sometimes dark brown; sometimes a dark band on the side of the head behind the eye; opercular spot more or less distinct, or absent; dorsal and caudal usually with numerous small dark spots, the former sometimes edged with blackish ; a series of large bright ocellar spots often present on the anal. Total length 95 millim. Lakes ‘Tanganyika and Kivu. 1. Type. Ujiji, L. Tanganyika. i. Coode Hore, Esq. (C.). 2-11, Ad., her. & ye: Kitutu, Me Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 42-13, 14-15. Hgr.& yg. Mtondwe Bay, ,, a 16-17. Her. Lufuko R., vt Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 13-22. V2. Pond at Tembwe, Xs L. Tanganyika. 23-32. Ad. & ligt: L. Kivu. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 33. Skel. 5 ” 52. TILAPIA ACUTICEPS. Chromis acuticeps, Steind. Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. 1866, p. 764; Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin. xi. 1896, no. 260. Tilapia acuticeps, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 134; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 340. Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head, about Fig. 141. Tilapia aculiceps. Luculla R. 3 times in total length. Tlead a little more than twice as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head, a little longer than eye, which is 33 to 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and a little exceeds least TILAPIA. 219 depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, about } width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; end of maxillary exposed; lower jaw slightly projecting ; teeth small, in 2 series, about 50 in outer row of upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gzull-rakers short, 9 to 1] on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLV—XV 10-11; last spine longest, ? length of head, longest soft rays about $. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral about } length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denticulate, 50-32 = lateral lines aN Brownish, with several rather ill-defined daik bars; a black opercular spot; a dark bar from below the eye to the angle of the mouth; vertical fins with small spots, forming oblique streaks on the dorsal. Total length 85 millim. Angola and Upper Zambezi. Hier, Luculla R. at Luculla, Angola. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Zs eer. Kazungula, Upp. Zambesi. Rev. L. Jalla (C.); Turin Museum (P.). 63. TILAPIA*SWYNNERTONT. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 50. Depth of body 23 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Fig. 142. PNW Xr NS BAN Tilapia swynnertont. Type. Head twice as long as broad; snout obtuse, with straight or convex upper profile, slightly broader than long, shorter than postocular part 220 CICHLID. of head, as long as eye, which is 34 times in length of head, and a little exceeds interorbital width or least depth of preorbital ; mouth moderate, about 3 width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond ; end of maxillary exposed; lips rather thick; 3 series of tricuspid teeth and an outer series of rather large bicuspid teeth, 40 to 42 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly 4 length of head; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine shorter ‘he last dorsal. Pectoral barely ? length of er not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denticulate, oe Dark olive-brown, with ill-defined black cross-bars ; a black vertical bar below the anterior half of the eye, and a black opercular spot ; fins grey; male with two to four round yellow dark-edged spots on the anal. ‘Total length 95 millim. Buzi River, Portuguese East Africa. 1-3. Types. Idunda R., flowing into Lower C. M. F. Swynnerton, Esq. Buzi R. (PA) 29-3] aoe lateral lines 54, TILAPIA ADOLPHI-FREDERICI. Bouleng. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped., Zool. iil. p. 254, plevin(igi4) Depth of body equal to length of head, 2} times in total length. Head 24 times as long as broad; snout with slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, much shorter than postocular part of head, as long as eye, which is 34 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, aud exceeds least depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, } width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 series, outer moderately large, 42 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly 3 length of head; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine as iang as last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral somewhat produced, extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales TILAPIA. 221 feebly denticulate, 31 at lateral lines a Pale brown above, silvery white below; dark brown blotches confluent into very irregular cross- bands on the body ; a dark bar below the eye; a blackish blotch on Fig. 143. Tilapia adolphi-frederici. Type (Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped.). the end of the snout and chin; a dark brown opercular spot; fins yellowish, the bars of the body extending on the dorsal and anal; upper third of caudal blackish. Total length 93 millim. Lake Kivu.—Type in Berlin Museum. 55. TILAPIA GIARDI. Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 341, pl. v. fig. 2. Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 times in total length. Upper profile of head curved; snout shorter than postocular part of Lilapia giardi. Type, after Pellegrin (J. c.). head; eye 34 times in length of head; mouth # width of head, extending nearly to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 series; 6 series of 222 CICHLID-®. scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 14; spines subequal from the fifth, a little less than 3 Jength of bead. Anal III 9. Pectoral shorter (?) than head, not reaching anal. Caudal rounded (?). Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Seales feebly denticulate, 34 a lateral lines a4 Olive above, golden beneath; about 10 dark transverse bands; a dark opercular spot; soft dorsal with brownish dots. Total length 78 millim. Zambesi.—Type in Paris Museum. 56. TILAPIA FUELLEBORNITI. Hilgend. & Pappenh. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 262. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Snout as long as eye, which is 54 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 5 series in upper jaw, 2) to 44 in outer series; 4 series of scales on the cheek. About 8 gill-rakers. Dorsal XIV-XV 8-9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2? length of head. Anal III 8; third spine as long as or a trifle shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral not quite reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or not quite so far. Caudal not emarginate. Caudal peduncle . 4 much longer than deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 28 j3; lateral lines a Brownish, borders of the mouth blackish. Total length 45 millim. Lake Rukwa.—'Types in Berlin Museum. 57. TILAPIA CALLIPTERA. Chromis callipterus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 623, pl. lv. fig. B; Bouleng. op. cit. 1896, p. 916. Chromis subocularis, part., Giinth. 1. ce. p. 621. Ctenochromis callipterus, Pleft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 19 (1896). Tilapia call/ptera, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 1382; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xv. 1904, p. 336. Depth of body 25 to 24 times in total length, length of head 2? to 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head ; eye a little shorter than snout, 33 (young) to 4 times in length of head, equal to or a little less than interorbital width, a little more than least TILAPIA. 223 preorbital depth; mouth % to # width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer larger, 40 to 60 in upper Jaw; lateral teeth conical but passing generally into the bicuspid teeth ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 8-10; last spine longest, 2 to 4 length of head, 3 to 4 longest soft rays. Anal III 7-8; third s a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head, Ouro ine as long as or —_ ol Tilapia calliptera. Type, after Giinther (P. Z.S. 1893). 8. not extending to vertical of origiu of anal. Ventral reaching ‘vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 30-33 i lateral lines a Brown or olive, with more or less distinct dark and hght.spots on the soft dorsal and caudal fins; a more or less distinct dark band from below the eye to the angle of the mouth, sometimes extending to the chin; a dark opercular spot; anal fin often with a few large round white spots ; ventrals black in males. Total length 140 millim. Lake Nyassa and Zambesi System. 1. ‘Type: L. Nyassa. Mr. J. A. Williams (C.). 2-4. Types. ],. Nyassa and Upper Shire. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 5. Skel. - 95 MA 6-14. Types of ¥ 5 C. subocularis. 15-16. Yg. A h * ri. Her. Between Kondowe and Karongi. A. Whyte, Esq. (©.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 18. Type. Zomba. 224 CICHLID. 19-27. Her. Zomba. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). & yg. 28-29. Yu. Fort Johnston. - 30. Her. Umsitu R., Broken Hill, N.W. Rev. I’. A. Rogers and Rhodesia. K. C. Chubb, Esq. (P.). 58. TILAPIA LUCULLZE., Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 483. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head a little more than twice as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head, longer than eye, which is 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and a little exceeds least depth of preorbital; mouth rather large, ? width of head, extending nearly to below anterior border of eye; end of L'ilupra luculle. Type. oO maxillary exposed ; teeth in 3 series, outer moderately large, 46 in outer row of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 9-10; last spine longest, not quite % length of head, longest soft rays } to 3. Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly as long as last dorsal. Pectoral ? length ot head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin 1 of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 20)-22 : . res ae) . : Scales finely denticulate, 32-33 =; lateral lines =. Brownish : ) i> [2-13 ; dorsal and caudal with round blackish spots, the former with a dark TILAPIA. 225 brown longitudinal band in its upper portion; male with the mouth and ventrals blackish (dark blue in life), and a few large bright ocellar spots on the anal. Total length 115 millim. Angola. 1-2. Types. Lueulla R. at Lueulla. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3. Skel. ‘; F 3 59. TILAPIA WILLIAMSII. Chromis williamsi, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 624, pl. lvi. fig. C. Tilapia williamsi, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proce, Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 132; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xv. 1904, p. 335. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout broadly rounded, with slightly convex upper profile, broader than long, much shorter than postocular part of Fig. 147. & ee ¥ ee aN Ay, Tilapia williamsii. Type, after Gunther (P. ZS. 1893). head ; eye a little shorter than snout, 4 times in Jength of head, a little less than interorbital width, equal to least depth of preorbital; mouth broad, # width of head, with thick lips, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 5 or 6 series, outer larger; in the upper jaw the lateral teeth are conical and rather abruptly differentiated from the others, which are bicuspid; 52 teeth in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 8; last spine longest, nearly 4 length of head, # longest soft rays. Aval III 7; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral ? length of head, not extending to origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. 226 CICHLID®. Caudal rounded, basal half densely scaled. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 31 3 lateral lines = Dark brown, with scattered blackish spots; a blackish opercular spot ; a round blackish spot at the root of the caudal; fins grey, dorsal and caudal broadly edged with black; two small round white spots on the posterior part of the anal. Total length 105 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. IL. Nyassa. Mr. J. A. Williams (C.). 60. TILAPIA STIGMATOGENYS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. ii, 1913, p. 394. fa) Depth of body equal to length of head, 5 times in total length. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head, 13 to 14 times diameter of eye, which is 3} (young) to 43 times in length of head and equals Fig. 148. Tilapia stigmatoyenys. Type. interorbital width or depth of preorbital; mouth about } width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; lips thick; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer moderately large and 40 to 50 in upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7-8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV (rarely XV1) 9-10 (rarely 8); spines equal from the sixth, 3 length of head; longest soft rays # length of head. Anal III 7; third spine as long as dorsals. Pectoral about 3 length of head, widely separated TILAPIA. 227 from anal. Ventral reaching vent. - Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales feebly denticulate, 24-29 aoe lateral lines ao Brownish above, white beneath, uniform or with 7 or 8 rather indistinct dark cross-bands ; a blackish opercular spot; two or three dark streaks across the top of the head and another, oblique, from the anterior third of the eye to the mouth; usually a black spot on the chin ; spinous dorsal greyish with round light spots; soft dorsal yellow with oblique blackish bars; anal yellow, blackish towards the edge ; caudal yellow with small round blackish spots. Total length 105 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-6. Types. Luluaburg. Rev. P. Callewaert (C.). 61. TILAPIA STORMSIT. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 270, pl. xxx. fig. 2; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 339. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 to 34 times in total length. Hlead twice as long as broad; snout rather pointed, with straight or Fie, 149. Tilapia storimsce. Type (P. Z. 8. 1902). 2. slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head, 14 to 1% times diameter of eye, which is 83 (young) to 41 times in length of head and equals interorbital width or depth of preorbital; mouth about 3 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 to 7 series, outer rather large and about 40 to 50 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10-12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 9; last spine longest, about 2? length of head ; longest soft rays about $ length of head. Anal III 7; third 228 CICHLID, 9) spine about 4 length of head. Pectoral about 3 length of head, widely separated from anal. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales with strong marginal denticu- lation, 30-31 a: lateral lines — scales on occiput and nape very small. Olive-brown above, some of the scales hlack at the base; 5 or 6 more or less indistinct dark cross-bands; a blackish opercular spot ; dorsal and caudal fins with small dark spots; a fine blackish edge to the dorsal and to the caudal above and beneath. Total length 115 millim. Upper Congo.—'Ty pes in Brussels Museum. | 1. One of the types. Lindi R. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (P.). 2-3. Ad. & yg. Stanley Falls. Dr. C. Christy (C.). 62. TILAPIA HORII. Chromis horii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1893, p. 630, pl. lviii. fig. A. Tilapia horii, Bouleng. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 122, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 463 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 328 Tilapia rubropunctata, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 93, pl. xx. fig. 2, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 149, pl. lv. fig. 1 (1900), ant Poiss. Baxs. Congo, p. 464. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 232 to 24 times. Head 2$ to 24 times as long as broad; snout with straight Tilapia horii. Type of 7. risbropunctata (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). upper profile, longer than broad, as long as postocular part of head, 14 to 2 times as long as eye, which is 4 to 4? times in length of head and TILAPIA. 229 equals or slightly exceeds interorbital width or least depth of preorbital; mouth rather large, 2 to 3 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; end of maxillary exposed ; teeth small, in 4 or 6 series, 44 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 8-10; spines subequal from the sixth or seventh, 4 to2 length of head ; longest soft rays about + length of head. p } 92 C. subocularis. oc ls 5 Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 81. TILAPIA TETRASTIGMA. Chromis tetrastigma, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 623, pl. liv. fig. C. Tilapia tetrastigma, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4. Tilapia johnstoni, part., Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 130. Astatotilapia gohnstoni, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 303. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 2% to 2% times in total length. Elead twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight Vig. 168. Tilapia tetrastigma. Type, after Giinther (P. Z. S. 1893)... upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 3 to 34. times in length of head, equal to interorbital width, exceeding preorbital depth ; mouth rather small, 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 or 5 series, outer small, 56 to 60 in upper jaw, separated by a considerable interspace from the others, which are very minute and mostly conical; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, TILAPIA. 21 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XV 10 11; last spine longest, 2 to 4 length of head, about ? longest soft rays. Anal III 8-9; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal slightly notched, pointed above, rounded below. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales distinctly denticulate, 31-32 ae lateral lines ae Brownish above, white below, with or without 8 or 9 more or less distinct dark bars; four round blackish spots on each side, the first on the operculum, the fourth at the base of the caudal fin; a dark bar below the anterior border of the eye ; fins brown, spinous dorsal edged with darker; regular series of ocellar spots between the dorsal rays ; caudal with small pale spots. Total length 110 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-4. Types. L. Nyassa. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 5-14. Types. Zomba. » Ie Gee Fort Johnston. ” 16-17. Hgr. & yg. Between Kondowe and A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Karanga Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 82. TILAPIA KIRKIT. Chromis kirkii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 624, pl. Ivi. fig. A. Ctenochromis kirkii, Pfetf. Thierw. O.-Atr., Fische, p. 19 (1896). Tilapia kirkii, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, ps 128: Tilapia strigigena, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 336. Depth of body 22 to 24 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head a little over twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head ; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, equal to or a little iess than interorbital width, equal to or a little greater than least preorbital depth; mouth rather small, 2 to 3 width of head, extending to below nostril or between nostril and eye; teeth moderate, in 3 or 4 series, 30 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part } to 2 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—X VII 9-11; spines increas- ing in length to the last, which measures about 5 length of head; soft rays not or but little longer. Anal II] 8-10; third spine a little IN 7 Le CICHLID_E. shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, reaching origin of anal or not quite so far. Ventral reaching vent or a little beyond. Caudal feebly emarginate, the rays covered with small scales. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 33-35 —- lateral lines a Brownish above, silvery beneath, with a blackish lateral stripe from the opercular spot to the root of the caudal; a second stripe may be present between the upper lateral line and the dorsal fin; both these stripes may be broken up Tilapia kivke, Type, after Giinther (P. ZS. 1893). §. into spots; soft dorsal and caudal with small dark and light spots forming more or less regular series. Total length 150 millim, Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré. 1-5. Types. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shire. A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 6. Ad. L. Nyassa, Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 7. Skel. - 5 s-17. Yo. Fort Johnston. Sir H. H. Jolimston (P.). 18-22, Ad. Upper Shire, Dr. P. Rendell (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 25-25. Yu. Zomba, between the Upper A Whyte? Esqa (Ca: Shire and I. Shirwa,. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.), tS or © DEA PEA? §3. TILAPIA LATERISTRIGA. Chromis lateristriga, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 312. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 2 to 23 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width, equal to preorbital depth in adult; snout moderate, Fig. 170. Tilapia lateristriga. 2 L. Nyassa. §. 3 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth rather small, in 3 to 5 series, 40 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 9 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which is 3 to $ length of head; longest soft rays § to § length tt of head in females, produced and as long as head in males. Anal III 8-10; third spine 4 to ? length of head. Pectoral as long as ora little longer than head, reaching or nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal scaled, densely in large specimens, feebly but distinctly emarginate. Candal peduncle 13 to 1) times Be eG. Ry as long as deep. Scales very finely denticulate, 32-33 j743; lateral 254 CICHLID. lines aa Brownish above, with a black band along each side of the back, from the nape, where it usually unites with its fellow in front of the dorsal fin, to the caudal peduncle; this band sometimes broken up into spots; a dark bar sometimes present between the eyes; fins greyish or brownish in females, dorsal with round red spots, darker in males, in which the dorsal and anal are edged with yellowish. Total length 185 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Skin, type. Lake Nyassa. Sind Kirk (2). 221, Aus her. & ye: - Capt.. EK. L. Rhoades (P.). 84. TILAPIA LETHRINUS. Chromis lethrinus, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 622, pl. lv. fig. A. Tilapia lethrinus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p- 129; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 337. Depth of body equal to or a little yreater than length of head, 24 to 2? times in total length. Head 2 to 2% times as long as broad ; snout with straight upper profile, longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head; eye 4 to 43 times in length of Tilapra lethrinus, Type, after Giinther (P. Z. 8. 1893). @. head, equal to interorbital width and less than preorbital depth ; mouth small, about 4 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth very small, in 3 or 4 series, about 80 in outer series of upper jaw ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to TILAPIA. 255 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers large, falciform, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI10-11; last spine longest, 2 to 2 length of head, about # length of soft rays. Anal JII 8-9; third spine shorter and stronger nee longest dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal densely scaled, rather deeply emarginate. Caudal ey 13 to 1} times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 7 3 g Te aaa? lateral lines — Silvery, brownish on the back; some blackish spots or a biack stripe above the upper lateral line ; a blackish stripe may be present along the side of the body: and above the lower lateral line ; dorsal and caudal chequered with blackish between the rays, the spots sometimes forming oblique stripes on the soft dorsal. Total length 195 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. LL. Nyassa. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 2. Ad. Between Kondowe and Karonga. A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.), 3-4. Ad. L. Nyassa. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 5. Skel - . 6. Her. of Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 85. TILAPIA ROSTRATA. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, pl. xii. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 344. Depth of el 24 to 3} times in total length, length of head 23 to 24 times. Head 23 times as long as broad; snout long and pointed, with slightly convex upper profile, much longer than broad, longer than postocular part of head, twice as long as eye, which is 43 to 42 times in length of head and equals 4 or once interorbital width or preorbital depth; mouth 3 to # width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 4 series, 54 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, 16 to 21 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 11; last spine longest, + to 2 length of head, a little shorter than soft rays. Anal III 9; third spine stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral % length of head, not extending to origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal 256 CICHLID.%. rather deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as Jorg as dcep. :' 41425 ; 23-24 Scales finely denticulate, 54-35 7,; lateral lines jo-,. Pale brown above, silvery white beneath; five dark brown cross-bars, broken up Tilapia rostrata. Type (P. Z. §. 1899). into large spots; a small dark brown opercular spot; a large dark brown spot at base of caudal; fins white, dorsal sometimes with small round dark spots. Total length 210 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. Miss M. Woodward (C.) ; Miss 8. C. McLaughlin (P.). 2. Ad. = Prof. J. &. 8. Moore (C.). 86. TILAPIA DARDENNIT. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 92, pl. xx. fig. 1, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 150, pl. lv. fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 472 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 342; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 572. Depth of body 2¢ to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad, with strongly curved upper profile; snout rounded, as long as broad or a httle broader than Jong, as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head, 1 to 14 times as long as eye, which is 3} to 33 times in length of head, equals or nearly equals interorbital width and exceeds least preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, 3 to $ width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 4 or 5 series, 50 (young) to 68 in outer series TILAPIA. PET) of upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 to 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal] XVIITI-XX 9-11; sixth to ninth spines longest, or spines subequal from the sixth, 2 to nearly } length of head, but little shorter than longest soft rays. Anal [IJ 8-9; third spine as long as and much stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal, or not quite so far. Caudal feebly but very Fig. 173. Tilapra dardennii. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). olor distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} to 1? times as long as deep. : 4-5 doe D198 Scales mostly denticulate, 35-38 794] ; lateral lines 7555. Yellowish olive above, silvery beneath; 10 or 11 dark bars across the back, the first between the eyes, sometimes replaced by transverse series of large squarish spots ; yellow lines may be present along the series of scales ; fins yellowish, dorsal with olive marblings; pectoral and anal red at the base. Total length 250 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. — Moliro. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 2. Ad. 6 Dr. L. Stappers (C.) 3-5. Ad, Kibwesi. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 6. Ad. Kiadambo., a 258 CICHLID®. 7-10. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington. 11. Skel. 4 Ss 12. Hor. Uvira. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 13-14. Ad. & her. Kilewa Bay. Ms 15-23. Yg. Mouth of Lukuga R. . Fig. 174 Trlipia oli ccanthus. After Steindachner (1. ¢.). 4 6° 87. TILAPIA OLIGACANTHUS. Bleek. Versl. Ak. Amsterd. ii. 1868, p. 309, and Poiss. Madag. p. 11, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1874); Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 138. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i. 1880, p. 249, pl.i.; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 439, pls. xliv. fig. 4, xliv. B, fig. 1, and xlv. fig. 1 (1891); Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 347 (part.), and Bull. Mus. Paris, 1907, p. 324. Ptychochromis grandidieni, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) vi. 1882, p. 174, and Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 441, pls. xliv. fig. 3 and xliv. A, fig. 5. Ptychochromis madagascariensis, Sauy. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 442, pls. xliii. fig. 4 and xliv. A, fig. 6. Tilapia madagascariensis, Bouleng. t.c. p. 138. Tilapia grandidieri, Bouleng. t.c. p. 139. Le) Depth of body 2 to 24 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 TILAPIA. 259 times. Head 2 to 2} times .as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye shorter than snout, 34 to 4 times in length of head, equal to ora little less than interorbital width, exceeding least depth of preorbital ; mouth moderate, about ? width of head, extending to between nostril and eye, end of maxillary exposed; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer moderately large, 46 to 50 in upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XIV 10-15; last spine longest, 2 to 3 length of head; longest soft rays at least } length of head, sometimes much produced and longer than head. Anal ITI 7-9; third spine longer than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal more or less strongly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or slightly , O ry 33-4: M4 deeper than long. Scales finely denticulate, 32-34 —- lateral lines 201-22 12-15" three dark spots on each side. Total length 220 millim. Madagascar.—l'y pes in Leyden Museum. Uniform brown, or brownish above with five dark bars or two or 1-3. Ad. & hgr. Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan (C.). 4. Skel. ie 5-7, Ad. Mahanoya. 05/95 Ads & her. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron (U.). 10. Ad. Tenerive. Paris Museum (E.). i, Ad. L. Tongobory. 88. TILAPIA BETSILEANA. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 139, fig. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p- d47. Ptychochromis betsileanus, Pellegr. Bull. Mus, Paris, 1907, p. 323. Depth of body 2 to 24 times in total length, length of head 24 to 34 times. Head twice as long as broad; a more or less developed frontal gibbosity in adult specimens; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, nearly as long as broad, as long as or a ‘little 260 CICHLID. shorter than postocular part of head; eye shorter than snout, 34 to 42 times in length of head, 14 to 2 times in interorbital width, exceeding least depth of przorbital; mouth moderate, about 3 width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye, or nearly as far; end of maxillary exposed; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer moderately large, 36 to 40 in upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 12-14; spines subequal, or last Fig. 175. Lilapra betsrleana. Madagascar. 3. o longest, 23 to 3 times in length of head; some of the soft rays produced, as long as or longer than head. Anal IIT 10-12; third spine longer than last dorsal. Pectoral % to once length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle slightly deeper than long. Scales finely : 4-42 21 denticulate, 33-36 {73 lateral lines 7. Uniform dark brown; pectoral fins yellowish. Total length 200 millim. Madagascar. 1-2. Types. Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan (C.). ao) ad. Madagascar. Paris Museum (E.). TILAPIA 261 89. TILAPIA MACROPHTHALMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 242. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3 times in total length. Head 2} to 24 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with very convex upper profile, as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as postocular part of head; eye longer than snout, 23 to 22 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width and preorbital depth ; mouth rather small, 2 to } width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 2 series, outer very smaJ] and slender, about 60 in upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about $ diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of Fig. 176. ‘a Tilapia macrophthalma, Type. anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVII 10-11; last spine longest, about § length of head and $ longest soft rays. Anal II] 8-9; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral a little longer than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 32-34 33 lateral lines -—. Brownish above, silvery white beneath, uniform or with very indistinct numerous darker vertical bars; a brown opercular spot; spinous dorsal with a dark and light edge. Total length 80 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-5. Types. L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 6. Skel. ™ es me Ad, Kondowe to Karonga. A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 18 Bou II/III 262 CICH LID. 90. TILAPIA BREVIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908; p. 243. Depth of body 2} times in total length, length of head 22 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with very convex upper profile, broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eye longer than snout, 24 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width and preorbital depth; mouth rather small, 2 width of head, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, in 2 or 3 series, about 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about 3 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 5 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 3 length of head; soft rays Lrlapia brevis. Type. scarcely if at all longer. Anal I11 9; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply emarginate. : a8 Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 31-32 oe 22-95 ; : lateral lines Tae Silvery, back brownish; a dark brown opercular spot; a dark brown band on each side, from the nape to the root of the tail. ‘Total length 70 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-2. Types. L. Nyassa. Capt. E, L. Rhoades (P.). TILAPIA. 263 91. TILAPIA INORNATA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 242. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 53 times in total length. Head a little over twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 22 to 3 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width, nearly twice as long as least preorbital depth; mouth small, 4 to 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth very small, in 3 series, about 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 2. or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not half diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior Lish = = 39) a Eicon, Tilapia cnornata, Type. arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 11-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures a little less than 4 length of head; longest soft rays not longer. Anal III 9; third spine a little more than } length of head. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral barely reaching vent. Caudal with crescentic emargination. Caudal pe- duncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 34-36 a3 lateral lines Ta Silvery, back olive ; a dark opercular spot. ‘Total length 95 millim. Lake Nyassa. “ Types. L. Nyassa. Capt. E, L. Rhoades (P.). 264 CICHLID. 92. TELAPIA TREMATOCEPHALA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. "I. (7) vii. 1901, p. 4, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 475 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 157, pl. xix. fig. 6; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 334. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 times in total length. Head a little over twice as long as broad ; snout rounded, with slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head ; eye 3 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width, nearly twice as long as least preorbital depth ; mouth small, 4 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth very small, in 2 series, about 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek ; Fig. 179, Tilupra trematocephala. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). orifices of sensory canals on head remarkably large. Gill-rakers rather short, 18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 11; last spine longest, 4 length of head ; longest soft rays produced into filaments, as long as head. Anal III 9; third spine nearly as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral ¢? length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales very indistinctly denticulate, 40 =F lateral lines = Brownish ; dorsal and caudal greyish ; ventrals and anal black, latter edged with white. Total length 90 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. North end of L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). TILAPIA. 265 93. TILAPIA BOOPS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 5, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 476 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1501, p. 158, pl. xix. fig. 5. Ophthalmotilapia boops, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 345. Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 33 times in total length. Head twice as long’as broad; snout short and rounded, with strongly convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as postocular part of head ; eye 24 times in length of head, a little exceeding inter- orbital width, more than twice as long as least preeorbital depth ; mouth small, subinferior, 2 width of head, not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, tricuspid, in 3 series, about 70 in outer scries of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly Tilapia boops. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). part not half diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII-XIII14; spines feeble, equal in length from the seventh, which measures nearly 4 length of head; soft rays scarcely longer. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger than dorsals. Pectoral as long as head, reaching origin, of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as 34-36 long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 39-40 Gite ; lateral lines 755° Brown above, white beneath; a blackish opercular spot. Total length 90 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Msambu. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 206 CICHLID_E, 94. TILAPIA GRANDOCULIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 94, pl. xix. fig. 6, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p- 150, pl. liv. fig. 6 (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 477 (1901), and Tr. Zool, Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 573. Eetodus foe, Vaill. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1899, p. 221, and Rés. Scient. Voy. E. Foa, p- 561 (1908). Ophthalmotilapia fow, Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 345. Depth of body 3 to 32 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3} times. Head not quite twice as long as broad; snout short and rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as postocular part of head; eye 24 to 22 times in length of head, a little exceeding interorbital width, more than twice as long as least preorbital Tilapia grandoculis. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). depth; mouth small, } to 3 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth very small, in 3 to 5 series, outer obtusely pointed or bi- or tricuspid, 60 to 70 in upper jaw ; 2 to 4 series of very small scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not half diameter of eye. Gill-vakers short, 14 to 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII- ATV 13-143 spines feeble, equal in length from the seventh, which measures about 3 length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal ILL 9-10; third spine stronger but shorter than dorsals. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, reaching origin of anal. TILAPIA .—PETROCHROMIS. 267 Ventral more or less produced, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal with deep cresceutic notch. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 55-65 ss: lateral lines oe Dark olive-brown above, shading to lighter, with some yellow, below; aseries of about five irregular blackish blotches on the side of the body; dorsal with yellow spots, sometimes tipped with black. Total length 115 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Toe Ad. Sumbu. Dr. W. A Cunnington (C.). 2-3. Ad. Niamkolo. x 4. Skel. . _ 5. Ad. Moliro. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 2, PETROCHROMIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 20, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 479 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 350; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 9385 (1907). Barely separable from Tilapia, differing only in the broader bands of teeth in the jaws, showing when the mouth is closed, the teeth being all very slender with expanded tricuspid crowns bent inwards and disposed very irregularly *. Vertebre 31-32 f. Great Lakes of Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. 3 series of scales on the cheek ; 20-28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D. XVI-XVII 11-13; A. III 9-10; Sec. 32- 33 a dorsal spines equal from the sixth or eighth . Yt coum yeteee cake 1. P. tanganice, Gthr., p. 268. D. XVI-XVII 13; A. III 9-10; Sc. 32-34 7; dorsal spines increasing in length to the EUS oe Ae he 2. P. andersonit, Blgr., p. 269. * Asin Tilapia, the teeth are much more numerous and form broader bands in the adult tian in the young. Thus, in ?. tanganicw the transverse series vary with age from 5 to 12, the outer series containing 58-100 teeth. fT 31 (17414) in P. tanganice, 82 (17415) in 2. polyodon, 268 CICHLID-®. Il. 4-6 series of scales on the cheek; 10-16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. DP: KViUEXIX 98-105 ,As- TIE 7-83. Se. 32- 34 a 10-13 gill-rakers ; snout 13-2 timesaslongaseye .. . . . « 3. P. polyodon, Blgr., p. 270. XX Ss ACL Ts Se.3d ? 13 gill-rakers ; snout 14 times as long as eye os D. XVIII-XX 8-9; A. III 7-8; Se. 32- 34 Te 3 but slightly longer thaneye. . . . . « 5. P. fasciolatus, Blgr., p. 273. 4, P. nyasse, Blgr., p. 272. 12-16 gill-rakers; snout not or Petrochromis tunganice. Niamkolo. 3. 1, PETROCHROMIS TANGANICH. Chromis tanganice, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 630, fig. Tilapia tanganice, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 5, and Proe. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 113. Petrochromis tanganicw, Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 480 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 351. Depth of body 2 to 22 times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head twice or a little less than twice as long as broad; snout 14 to 1} times as long as eye, which is 33 to 44 times in length of head and 1? to 2 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to below nostril or a little beyond; 8 series of scales on the cheek, depth PETROCHROMIS. 269 of scaly part not greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 20 to 28 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 11-13; spines strong pesca from the sixth or eighth, 2 to 4 length of head ; longest soft rays to # length of head. Anal III 9 10; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral longer than head, extending a little beyond origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate, slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long a deep or a little eae than long. Scales not denticulate, 14-21 : 32-33 me 99; lateral lines G4g. Olive above, silvery beneath; a more or less distinct dark opercular spot; vertical fins with dark and light spots, or dorsal with dark oblique streaks. Total length 300 millim. Lake Taganyika. 1-2. Types. Ujjiji. E. Cvode Hore, Esq. (C.). 3. Ad. Kilambo. Prof. J. Hi. 8. Moore (C.). 4. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.}. a, Ad. Kitutu. ri 6. Skel. Albertville. Capt. Heeq (C.). 7-9. Ye. Mouth of Lobozi R. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). The very young, about 30 millim. long, are very difficult to distinguish from the young of Zilapia nilotica. ‘They have likewise an ocellar black spot on the anterior part of the soft dorsal. 2. PETROCHROMIS ANDERSONII. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viii. 1901, p. 13; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zoot. France, xvi. 1904, p. 351; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 535, pl. xevi. (1907). Depth of body 2 to 2% times in totai length, length of head 3 times. Head not quite twice as long as broad; snout 12 times as long as eye, which is 4% to 5 times in length of head and 2 to 24 times in inter- orbital width ; mouth with thick lips, extending to ree nostril and eye; 3 series of scales on the cheek, depth of scaly part equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVI1I 138; spines very strong, increasing in lexgth to the last, which measures about 3 length of head ; longest soft rays a little longer or a little shorter nee head. Anal III 9-10; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral much longer than head, reaching beyond origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle slightly deeper than long. Scales not 21-22 lateral lines jj43. Olive above, the scales ; 4 denticulate, 32-34 |;; 270 CICHLID. darker at the base; a black opercular spot; spinous dorsal and anal with numerous dark horizontal streaks; soft dorsal and caudal with round light spots on a dark ground; soft dorsal edged with bright yellow. Total length 420 millim. Lakes Albert and Tanganyika. Fig. 183. Petrochromis andersonit, Type (F.N.). 2. Donbtfully distinct from the preceding.—The occurrence in L. Albert needs confirmation. 1. Type. LL. Albert. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). Je dads Kilewa Bay, L. Tanganyika. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 3. PETROCHROMIS POLYODON. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 20, pl. vi. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 479 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 352 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 573. Depth of body 2% to 5 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head twice or a little less than twice as long as broad ; snout broader than long, 14 to 2 times as long as eye, which is 4 to 5 times in length of head and 13 to 2 times in interorbital width; mouth PETROCHROMIS. 271 extending to between nostril and eye, upper lip very thick; 4 to 6 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers very short, 10 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-XIX 8-10; spines increasing in length to the sixth or eighth, which measures about 2 length of head ; longest soft rays ? to % length of head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as and stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, reaching origin of anal or not quite so far. Veutral Petrochromis polyodon. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 2. reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32-34 — lateral lines aa Olive-brown above, lighter beneath, fins grey or blackish; anal some- times with several bright yellow spots. Total length 200 millim. lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. Type. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 2... Lype. Mbity Rocks. ft 3-4. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 5». Hyr. Pembe. x ¢. Ad. Moliro. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). (e aad. Tumpa. ‘; 8. Skel. L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. &. 8. Moore (C.). 272 CICHLID.%. 4, PETROCHROMIS NYASSE. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 70; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 352. Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 13 times as long as broad; snout much broader than long, 1} times as long as eye, which is 4 times in length of head and 12 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye, upper lip very thick ; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers very short, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIX 8; spines increasing in length to the seventh, which measures about $ length ANY yy? Mi a Ate is Petrochromis nyusse. Type. of head ; longest soft rays as long as head. Anal III 7; third spine thicker but a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral a little longer than head, nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate, slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, very minute on breast and belly, 55 qe! lateral lines = Olive-brown ; a black opercular spot. Total length 185 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). bo ~J co PETROCHROMIS.—CUNNINGTONIA. 5. PETROCHROMIS FASCIOLATUS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 446. Depth of body 2? to 34 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 12 to 12 times as long as broad ; snout much broader than long, not or but little longer than eye, which is 3} to 33 times in length of head and 14 to 1} times in interorbital width ; mouth extending to below nostril, or to between nostril and eye; lips thick ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. 12-16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVIII-XX 8-9; -spines subequal from the seventh or eighth, about ? length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral as long as head, not quite reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32-34 — lateral lines os Dark brown, with numerous, more or less distinct vertical blackish bars; a black opercular spot ; fins greyish brown. Total length 115 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Two of the types. Kapampa. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 3. CUNNINGTONIA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 973. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two lateral lines, upper nearly complete, lower incomplete. Jaws with broad bands of minute, bristle-like teeth with incurved tricuspid crowns. Maxillary largely exposed at the end. Dorsal with 13 spines, anal with 3. Vertebre 36 (18+18). Lake ‘Tanganyika. Connected with 7ilapia through 7. grandoculis. 1. CUNNINGTONIA LONGIVENTRALIS. Bouleng. t. c. p. 574, pl. xli. fig. 2. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout much broader than long, very convex, shorter than eye, which is 24 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye ; VOL, III. T 274 CICHLIDA. teeth in 5 or 6 series; 2 cr 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers rather short, 13-15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII 13-14 ; spines weak, subequal from the seventh, nearly $ length of head; posterior soft rays produced, # to # length of head. Anal III 8-9; spines weak, third 3 length of head; soft rays produced like the dorsals. Pectoral as long as head, extending beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a very long filament, nearly twice as long as head. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncie 14 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 38-43 as lateral lines ae Bluish black above, bright silvery beneath ; fins blackish. Total length 110 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnmegtoni(@.), Fig. 186. Cununingtonia longiventralis. Type (Tr. Z.S. 1906). 4. 4. SIMOCHROMIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xv. 1898, p. 19, and Piss. Bass. Congo, p. 451 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 306. Body moderately elongate; scales denticulate ; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with broad bands of very small tricuspid teeth and an outer row of bicuspid teeth; these outer teeth differentiated on the sides of the premaxillaries, enlarged and conical; mouth nearly straight SIMOCHROMIS, 279 and transverse when closed ; maxillary concealed under the preorbital. Dorsal with 17-19 spines, anal with 3. Vertebre 32 (15+-17). Intermediate between Tilapia and Tropheus. As pointed out by Pellegrin, this genus is connected with Tilapia through 7. williamsit. 1. SIMOCHROMIS DIAGRAMMA. Chromis diagramma, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 632, pl. lviil. fig. 3. Simochromis diagramma, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 19, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 491 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 307 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 571. Depth of body 2} to 3 times in total length, length of head 3} to 3 to\- Sunuchrumis diagram. Pembe. §. times. Head massive, rounded, not twice as long as broad; snout broader than long, with convex upper profile; eye 3 to 34 times in length of head, about 1} times in interorbital width ; mouth with thick upper lip, extending to below anterior border of eye or not quite so far ; 8 to 10 series of teeth in each jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-XIX 9-10; spines increasing in length to the sixth or seventh, which measures 2 to } length of head; longest soft rays about § length of head. Anal III 7-9; third spine as long as and stronger than 276 CICHLIDA. longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 31-36 = ; lateral lines — Olive above ; whitish beneath, young with 9 or 10 more or less distinct darker bars on the body; gill-membranes sometimes black, or with black spots; fins greyish, dorsal with a black border, sometimes with a dark brown band in addition ; anal sometimes with a bright ocellar spot. Total length 195 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-4. Types. Uyigi. E. Coode Hore, Esq. (C.). 5. Ad. Msambu. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). 6. Her. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Tod: Vua. ss 8. Ad. Pembe. " 9-11. Ad. & yg. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 12-17. Ad. & ber. Niamkolo,. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 18. Skel. = <5 5. TROPHEUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 17, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 449 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 305. Body moderately elongate ; scales denticulate ; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws angularly bent at the sides, with bands of very small tricuspid teeth, and an outer row of bicuspid teeth; sides of the pre- maxillaries with a series of abruptly differentiated conical teeth ; mouth nearly straight and transverse when closed; maxillary concealed under the preorbital. Dorsal with 20 or 21 spines, anal with 4 to 6. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits, Vertebre 33 (17+16). Lake ‘Tanganyika. ‘wo species :— D, XX-XXI 5-6; A. V-VI 5-6; Sc. 30-32 3. 1. T. moorii, Blgr., p. 276. 12 D. XX 5-6; A. IV 6-7; Se. 28-30 5... . 2. Z. annectens, Blgr., p. 278. 1. TROPHEUS MOORII. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xv. 1898, p. 18, pl. v. fig. 2, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. £49 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 309, pl. vil. fie. 2. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3} to TROPHEUS. 277 34 times. Ilead massive, rounded, not twice as long as broad; snout broader than long, with convex upper profile; eye 35 to 4 times in length of head, 14 to 14 times in interorbital width; mouth with thick upper lip, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 8 to 10 transverse series; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XX—XXI 5-6; spines increasing in length to the sixth, which is not quite $ length of head; longest soft rays # to ? length of head. Anal V—VI 5-6; last spine a little longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head. Fie. 188. ee BALA _ Tropheus Moore. Type(ir, AUS. A898). &, Ventral produced into a short filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal feebly emapeiisten Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 30-32 ay lateral lines — = Dark brown, with a large bluish-white blotch on each side of the body, the belly reddish brown, or dark reddish brown with darker edges to the dorsal scales; fins blackish, or dull red, the dorsal tipped with black. Total length 115 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore ((.). 4. Skel. . 5 5. Ad. Suobu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 19 Bou II/III eM) CICHLID. 2. TROPHEUS ANNECTENS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Uongo, Zool. i. p. 148, pl. lii. fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 450 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 306. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head massive, rounded, not twice as long as broad ; snout broader than long, with convex upper profile; eye 34 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width; mouth with thick upper lip, extending to below anterior border of eye; 8 series of teeth in each jaw; 5 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XX 5-6; spines equal from the sixth or seventh, a little less than 4 length of head; soft rays a little longer. Anal IV 6-7; last spine as long as and stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Ventral produced into Tropheus annectens, Type (A. M. C.). i filament, extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 28-30 a ; lateral lines os Uniform brownish. Total length 80 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Albertville. Capt. Heeq (C.). This species may have to be united with the preceding. 6. ASPROTILAPIA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 5, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 482 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 159; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 353. ody elongate, rather feebly compressed, much attenuate in the ASPROTILAPIA. 2719 caudal region; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth small, with long slender shafts and expanded tricuspid crowns, in two series in both jaws. Mouth inferior, transverse; greater part of maxillary bone concealed under the preorbital. Dorsal with 14 spines, anal with 3. Parietal and occipital crests moderately strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 35 (16419). Lake Tanganyika. Connected with 7ilapia through 7. doops. 1. ASPROTILAPIA LEPTURA. Bouleng. ll. cc., Tr. pl. xx. fig. 2; Pellegr. t.c. p. 354. Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 33 to 4 times. Ilead twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, subconical, strongly projecting beyond the mouth, 4 length of head; eye very Fig. 190, Asprotilapia leptura.® Type (Tr. ZS. 1901). 3. 92 large, as long as snout and nearly twice interorbital width, 23 to 25 times in length of head; width of mouth 2 that of head; 56 to 40) teeth in outer row of upper jaw; 3 series of small scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers very short, tubercle-like, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 14; spines slender and subequal, 3 length of head ; soft rays a little longer. Anal III 8; third spine nearly as long as dorsals. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal deeply emarginate, crescentic. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 38 a3 lateral lines = Brown, darker on the snout and vertex; a blackish opercular spot; fins greyish. Total length 110 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. Type. Msambu. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). ars JaNiold L. Tanganyika. 3. Skel. » "9 230 CICHLID A. 7. LOBOCHILOTHES, g. n. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Mouth narrow, with several series of compressed teeth which are feebly notched or tricuspid in the young and obtuse in the adult ; Manillary exposed at the Occipital and parietal Vertebre 32 (15-17). the teeth of the outer series rather large. end. Dorsal with 17 to 19 spines, anal with 3. crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Lake ‘Tanganyika. Intermediate between Zilapia and Docimodus. 1. LOBOCHILOTES LABIATUS. Tilapia laliata, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 17, pl. v. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 473 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 343 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 572. Depth of body 2% to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 24 times. Head 2 (young) to 24 times as long as broad, with straight Fie. 191. Lobochilotes labiatus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 4. upper profile; snout obtusely pointed, longer than broad and longer than postocnlar part of head in the adult; eye 35 (young) to 54 times in length of head, 14 to 23 times in length of snout, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, less than preorbital depth in the adult; mouth LOBOCHTLOTES.—DOCIMODUS. 281 extending to below nostril or to between nostril and eye, with very strongly developed lips, both upper and lower produced into a large triangular lobe; teeth in 3 to 5 series, 34 to 66 in outer series of upper jaw; middle pharyngeal teeth, with spheroid crowns; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 15 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch, Dorsal XVII-XIX 9-11; middle dorsal spines longest, 3 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays 4, or nearly 4, length of head. Anal III 6-8; third spine as long as and stronger than longest dorsals. Pectoral # to # length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 1$ to 13 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 53-5 a lateral lines — Pale olive, with 9 or 10 more or less distinct darker cross-bars; dark bars between the eyes; fins greyish brown, dorsal sometimes with oblique dark and light streaks, or with round reddish-yellow dark-edged ocellar spots between the soft rays; anal with or without yellow dark-edged ocellar spots; a yellow spot sometimes present on the middie of the ventral; caudal with numerous round dark spots between the rays. Total length 330 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 4, Skel. - a 5-6. Ad. & yg. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). te Aas Kibwesi. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 8. Ad. Kapampa. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 8. DOCIMODUS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 917, and 1899, p. 141; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 348. Body moderately elongate ; scales cycloid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with a very broad band of teeth with compressed sharp- edged crowns; the outer teeth large, with nail-shaped entire crowns or with a very small lateral cusp, the others small and tricuspid ; maxillary ) exposed. Dorsal with 16 or 17 spines, anal with 3. Vertebre 52 (i418). Lake Nyassa (Upper Shiré River). 282 CICHLIDA, 1. DOCIMODUS JOHNSTONII. Bouleng. Il. cc., fig. ; Pellegr. 1. ¢. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout as broad as long, a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 44 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 3or4 series of scales on ihe cheek, depth of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 8-9 ; spines in- Fig. 192. WQS? \ se Docimodus johnstonii’. ‘Type (P. Z. 8. 1896). creasing in length to the fifth, which is 2 length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine as long as and much thicker than last or penultimate dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly 14 times as Jong as deep. Scales 30-34 ae lateral lines = A black stripe along the posterior half of the body, between the lateral lines ; soft dorsal with round dark spots. Total length 200 millim. Upper Shiré River, 1-2. Types. Upper Shiré. Dr. Perey Rendall (CL) Sir TL. A. Johnston (P.). bo oS Co STEATOCRANUS. 9, STEATOCRANUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 52 (1899), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 141, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 481 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 350. Body moderately elongate; scales cycloid; two incomplete lateral lines. ‘Two widely separated series of notched teeth in both jaws, the outer larger, with one ‘or two pairs of larger, truncate, incisor-like teeth at the symphysis; maxillary exposed. An adipose crest or swelling along the vertex and occiput. Dorsal with 19 or 20 spines, anal with 3. Vertebre 30 (16+14). Congo. 1, STEATOCRANUS GIBBICEPS. Bouleng. Il. cc., Ann. pl. xxviii. fig. 1; Pellegr. I.c. Depth of body 33 to 32 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Steatocranus yibbiceps. Type (A. M.C.). 2. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, nearly twice as long as eye, which is 45 to 5 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below nostril; cheek naked. Gill-rakers very short, 7 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIX-XX 8; last spine longest, } length of head ; soft rays more or less produced, the longest sometimes exceeding length of head. Anal III 6. Pectoral 3 to 2 length of head. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 82-355; lateral lines aon Brown, darker above, the scales with darker edges. Total length 80 millim. Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. Type. Matadi. Capt. Wilverth (C.). penils Stanley Pool. M. De Meuse (C.). N 284 CICHLID. 10. HAPLOCHROMIS. Haplochromis, Pfeff. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1888, p. 76; Bouleng. Fishes Nile, p. 495 (1907). Ctenochromis, part., Pfeff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 149, and Thierw O.-Afr., Fische, p. 14 (1896). Paratilapia, part., Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 137, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 412 (1901). Tilapia, part., Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 105, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 452. Astatotilapia, Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 299. A statoreochromis, Pellegr. t.c. p. 384. Body short or moderately elongate ; scales ctenoid ; two incomplete lateral lines. ‘Teeth in 2 or more series, the outer conical or bicuspid, the inner usually tricuspid; maxillary bone exposed at the end when the month is closed. Dorsal fin with 13 to 19 spines, anal with 3 to 6. Vertebree 28-32 *. Africa and Syria. Under this genus are grouped a number of allied species which vary to such an extent in their dentition that some specimens might be referred to Tilapia and others to Paratilapia. Synopsis of the Species. I. Caudal fin truneate or slightly emarginate. A. Tecth in 4 to 7 series; caudal peduncle not or but slightly longer than deep ; pectoral fin as long as head or a little shorter. 1. Mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 11 or 12 gill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D. XVI 10-11; A. III $-10; Se. 33-36 pas; lower jaw slightly projecting ; depth of body 22 to 3 times in total length. 2... 2 © 1. We Mvingstoni, Gthr., p 286. * Vertebrie :— 18415=28. H. moffatt. 18417=30. A. angustifrons. 14415=29. JT, desfontuinesii, HW, alluaudi. 14416=30. JH, desfontainesit, Il, alluaudi, MH. moeruensis. 4417381. J. ishmaelt, L5+16—31. HM, desfontainesir, H. ishinaelt, TH. nuchisquamulatus, IT, venustus, 15417=32. I. ishmacli, HAPLOCHROMIS. 285 D. XVI 10-11; A. IIIT 10; Se. 32-35 a jaws equai in front; depth of body 21 to o 22 times metotsllemethie. peu oe): yen ay sages eed eventstie,, Blgm.t pi 26 ll. 2. Mouth extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far or a little farther ; 8 to 10 gill-rakers. D, XV-XVI 9; A. III 8-9; Sc. 30-32 = ; eye shorter than snout, 4 to 4} times in len@th or head? 12) wake, Set Ge “ose lls schubotai, Bler.,p."288. D. XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 8-9; Se. 32-35 <5; eye as long as snout, 34 to 4 times in [p. 290. lene chvotsleadiy Shee genre.) ae oy ea tener: HH. nuchisquamulatus, Hilg., D. XV 9; A. III 8-9; Se. 32-34 a eye a little longer than snout, 3 times in length Olshead’: < . eueeaeeee -. eee yeannelt, Pellegr: p22 01. B. Téeth in 3 to 5 series ; caudal peduncle 14 to 2 times as long as deep. 1. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond. a. Interorbital width less than diameter of eye. 1_42 D. XIV-XVI 9-10; A. ITI 8-9; Se. 30- je oe 8 or 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior [p.» 292. Are aT h.A, AY 4 OES OOS vies ONL KENUEL angustefrons} Bion, b. Interorbital width at Jeast equal to diameter of eye. D. XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 8-9; Sc. 31-34 y-43; 8 or 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; jawsequalin front. . . . . . . 7. H. ishmaeli, Blgr., p. 293. D. XV 10; A. TIT 9; Sc. 32 2; 7 gill-rakers; lower jaw slightly projecting . . . . . 8. H. roberti, Pellegr., p. 295. D. XIV-XVI 9-10; A. ITI 8-9; Sc. 30-34 775; 11-13 gill-rakers ; lower jaw slightly pro- Fcctinete se e see, el ee Os dd. seamlemt, Dipr.: prado; . Pectoral shorter than head, not ome to vertical of origin of anal. D. XIV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-9; Se. 31- 32 5 . 10. Z1. percoides, Blgr., p. 296. II. Caudal fin rounded. A. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as deep; pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond, D. XV-XVI 9-10 ; A. IIT 8-9; Se. 30-34 553; eye 34 to 42 times in length of head . . . 11. L. grauert, Bigr., p. 298. 286 CICHLID. B. Caudal peduncle not or but slightly longer than deep ; pectoral usually shorter than head, rarely extending to vertical of origin of anal. 1. Lips moderate. bo D. XITI-XV 8-10; A. III 6-8; Sec. 25-29 72°, eye 3 to 34 times in length of head . . . 12. H. strigigena, Pfeff., p. 299. D, XIII-XIV (rarely XV) 9-11; A. III 8-10; 91-31 Se. 26-31 2 ; eye 3} to 44 times in length of head , i‘ . i Pe he et eee KA ee 1D. Te nogat:. Casteliegp: s0U: D. XIV-XVI (rarely XIII) 8-12; A. III (rarely IV) 8-11; Se. 28-36 75; eye 34 to 4 times [p. 302. inlength of head . . . . 1 . 1). Ad. LL desfontainesii, Lacep., D. XVII-XIX 6-9; A. IV-VI 6-9; Se. 32- ot aie sb ow Se wm “Be wow See, oe ie SED, alba, Pellesr a0: 2. Lips much developed, thick. D. XV-XVII 8-10; A. III 7-8; Sc. 29- az ae a oe Oe lee! we Oe Ed. moeuensis. Diath. 00. 1, HAPLOCHROMIS LIVINGSTONII. Hemichromis livingstonii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 625, pl. lvi. fig. B. Paratilapia livingstonii, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 145. Astatotilapia livingstonii, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 302. Huplochromis livingstonii, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 241. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3 times in total length. Snout with straight upper profile, 1} to 2 diameters of eye, which is 4 to 5 times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width, and equal to or a little less than least depth of preorbital; lower jaw slightly projecting; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; outer teeth rather large, conical or indistinctly bicuspid in the adult, bicuspid in the young, 44 to 60 in upper Jaw, followed by 3 or 4 series of small conical or tricuspid teeth; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays about } length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral * length of head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate, scaly in the adult. Caudal peduncle slightly HAPLOCHROMIS. 287 : ; :; ap 4-5 longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 33-36 ;5-73; lateral lines 22-24 13-16" speckled and spotted or marbled with dark brown; a dark bar may Silvery, largely and irregularly marbled with blackish, or olive extend from below the eye to the angle of the mouth and two dark bars Haplochromis livinystonit. Type, after Giinther (P. Z.S. 1893). §. may be present across the head, from eye to eye; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins usually with round blackish spots; ventral and anal usually blackish. ‘Total length 190 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré River. 1.Type. LL. Nyassa or Upper Shire, Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 2. Ad. LL. Nyassa. Capt. I. L. Rhoades (P.). 3. Yg. > Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4. Ad. Upper Shire, Dr. Perey Rendall (C) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 2. HAPLOCHROMIS VENUSTUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) i. 1908, p. 241. Depth of body 2} to 2% times in total length, length of head 3 times. Snout with straight upper profile, 15 to 1} diameters of eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of head, 13 to 14 times in interorbital width, and equal to or a little less than least depth of preorbital ; lower jaw not projecting ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; outer teeth moderately large, all conical or some bicuspid, 56 to 74 in upper jaw, followed by 3 or 4 series of small conical teeth; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little 288 CICHLIDA., greater than diameter of eye. Géill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures + or a little less than 3 length of head; soft dorsal, as well as anal, prolonged, acutely pointed, longest ray % to early once length of head. Anal III 10; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin Huplochroimis venustus, Type. &. of anal. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate, scaly. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 32- 35 a lateral lines — Peacock-blue in life, with large deep blue spots, dotted with red; top of head, and a broad edge to the fins orange, or dorsal almost entirely orange. Total length 195 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-4. Types. Ii. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 5. Skel. 3 3. HAPLOCHROMIS SCHUBOTZI. Bouleng. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped. v., Zool. iii. p. 255, pl. viii. (1914). Depth of body equal to length of head, 2% to 2% times in total length. Snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, 14 to HAPLOCHROMIS. 259 1§ diameters of eye, which is 4 to 43 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds least depth of preorbital; lower jaw slightly projecting ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; outer teeth rather small, conical or indistinctly bicuspid, 60 to 70 in upper jaw, followed by 3 series of very small Fig. 196. Haplochromis schubotzi. Type (Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped.). o conical or tricuspid teeth ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short and thick, bi- or trifid, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 length of head; longest soft rays 4 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine 3 length of head. Pectoral + to length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal, or a little beyond. Caudal truncate or slightly emar- ginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or slightly longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 30-32 aoe lateral lines oe ; scales on pectoral region very small. Brownish, throat, belly, and sides of head blackish brown or blotched with blackish brown; a black vertical bar from the eye to the mouth and another on the preoperculum ; two blackish bars across the upper surface of the snout, a third across the occiput, and a fourth across the nape ; vertical fins brown or blackish, 290 CICHLIDA. anal with two or three large bright ocellar spots; pectorals yellowish, ventrals black. Total length 145 millim. Lake Albert Edward.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1. One of the types. L. Albert Edward. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C, African Expedition. 4, HAPLOCHROMIS NUCHISQUAMULATUS. Chromis nuchisquamulatus, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr, Berl. 1888, p. 76. Chromis (Haplochromis) obliquidens, Hilgend. 1. ¢. ' Ctenochromis nuchisquamulatus, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 14 (1896). Ctenochromis sauvagei, Pfeff. op. cit. p. 15. Ctenochromis obliquidens, Pfeft. Arch. f. Naturg. Ixii. 1897, p. 60. Tilapia nuchisguamulata, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 5, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 131; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 183 (part.). Tilapia saurvagii, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1828, p. 5. Tilapia obliquidens, Bouleng. 1. ¢. Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 510, pl. xe. fig. 7 (1907). Depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 34 times, Snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long Fig. 197. Laplochromis nuchisquamulatus. Entebbe (F. N.). as eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head, equal to or a little less than interorbital width, and 13 to 2 times least depth of preorbital ; jaws equal in front; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; outer teeth rather large, more or less distinctly bicuspid, or partly HAPLOCHROMIS. 291 conical, 60 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by 4 to 6 series of very numerous minute tricuspid teeth; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Géill- rakers short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to 3 length of head ; longest soft rays 2 to 3 length of head. Anal ILI 8-9; third spine stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to once length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal, or a little beyond. Ventral reaching vent, origin of anal, or beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle not or but very little longer than deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 32-35 ae scales on occiput and nape very small, in 6 or 7 series between first dorsal spine and lateral line; lateral lines = Olive or brownish, with or without ill-defined dark cross- bars, with or without an interrupted dark lateral stripe; a blackish opercular spot; a blackish vertical bar below the anterior third of the eye; one or two more or less distinct dark bars across the snout; fins ereyish, dorsal edged with blackish ; anal pink or red in males, with 2 to 4 orange ocellar spots on the posterior half; ventrals yellow in females, black in males. Total length 125 millim. Lake Victoria.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-5. Ad. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 6. Ad. Bunjako. Aa tae: Buddu Coast. Mr. M. Simon (C.). 8. Skel. i me 9-17. Ad., her., Kisumu Bay, Kavirondo. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. & yg. (Pi. 18-20. Yg. Kavirondo. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). 5. HAPLOCHROMIS JEANNELI. Astatotilapia jeanneli, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvii. 1913, p. 313. Depth of body equal to length of head, about 3 times in total length. Snout shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head and a little exceeds interorbital width ; jaws equal in front; mouth extending a little beyond vertical of anterior border of eye; 56 or 6 series of teeth, outer mostly conical; 4 series of scales on the cheek. 8 gill-rakers on lower ‘part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9; spines subequal from the sixth, 2 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as but stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, extending 292 CICHLID®. to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 32- 34 a lateral lines a Back olive, sides and belly silvery; two black bands along the body, the upper above the lateral line; fins yellow. Total length 93 millim. Lake Victoria—Types in Paris Museum. 6. HAPLOCHROMIS ANGUSTIFRONS. Bouleng. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped. v., Zool. iii. p. 256, pl. ix. (1914). Depth of body 23 to 3} times in total length, length of head 2? to 5 times. Snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as Fig. 198. Haplochromis angustifrons. Type (Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped.). eye, or alittle shorter in the young; eye 3 to 35 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width and preeorbital depth ; jaws equal or lower slightly projecting; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series, outer largest and conical or bicuspid, or partly conical and partly bicuspid, 48 to 60 in upper jaw, the others tricuspid; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 to $ length of head; longest soft rays 4 to 2 length of head, Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly as long as and HAPLOCHROMIS. 293 stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denti- 33-42 yes . culate, 30-33 7344; lateral lines 7943; scales on pectoral region very minute. Males brown above, sometimes with very indistinct darker cross-bars, silvery beneath, more or less profusely powdered with dark brown, or entirely dark brown; fins grey to blackish, caudal sometimes with round black spots, or perfectly black. Females brown above and white beneath, sometimes with a broad dark brown lateral band extending from the gill-cover to the caudal, sometimes with indistinct dark cross-bands ; fins whitish or grey, dorsal with a few dark spots, caudal sometimes with round dark spots. Total length 110 millim. Lake Albert Edward and Lake Kivu.—Types in Berlin Museum. 1-5. Types. LL. Albert Edward. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C. African Expedition. 6. Skel. 55 5 3 7-11. Types of var. grac?- Kissenge, L. Kivu. a ec lior, Bler. 7. HAPLOCHROMIS ISHMAELI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 446, Fishes Nile, p. 509, pl. xe. fig. 6 (1907), and Ann, Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 71. Depth of body equal to or a little greater than the length of the head, which is 22 to 3 times in total length. Snout with ee or slightly convex upper Be 1 to 14 times as long as eye, which is 33 to 4 times in length of head, $ to once interorbital width, and 1} to 1B times least depth of Sebi lower jaw not projecting; mouth not very oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, in 5 to 6 series in both jaws, the outer largest and mostly bicuspid, 36 to 60 in upper jaw, the others tricuspid ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part below eye equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9-10; spines equal from the eighth or ninth, or slightly increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 to } length of head; longest soft ray 4 to 8 length of head. Anal i 8-9; third spine nearly as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, reaching vertical of origin of anal or a little 20 Bou II/III 294 CICHLIDA. beyond. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 31-34 — lateral lines ae Females pale olive- brown above, silvery white below; a brown or black opercular spot; a brown vertical bar sometimes present below the anterior third of the eye; ill-defined, barely distinguishable, dark cross-bars on the back ; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, with or without round darker spots ; ventral and anal fins bright yellow, the former sometimes blackish on the outer border, the latter sometimes with two large orange ocellar spots ; lower half of caudal fin sometimes bright yellow. Males darker, zrey or blackish on the belly; two dark bars across the snout; dorsal Fig. 199. Haplochromis ishmaeli. Type (F. N.). fin grey, the soft portion with round light spots; ventral fins black; two to four large orange ocellar spots on the anal fin. Total length 130 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. 1-9, 10. Types. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 11. Skel. _ Fe 12. Type. Entebbe. e 13, 14-15. Ad. Buddu Coast of L. Victoria. Mr. M. Simon (C.). 14-17. Her. & yg. Kisumu Bay, Kavirondo. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (Ps 18-22, Ad. & her. Jinja, Ripon Falls. Dr. E. Bayon (C.); Genoa Museum (P.). 99 “5 as 9 2 94. Skel. Kakindu, Vietoria Nile. HAPLOCHROMIS, 295 8. HAPLOCHROMIS ROBERTI. Astatolilapia roberti, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvii. 1913, p. 312. Depth of body equal to length of rate 2% times in total length. Snout a little longer than eye, which is 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; lower jaw slightly projecting ; mouth ex- tending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 series, outer mostly bicuspid, the others tricuspid; 5 series of scales on the cheek. 7 eill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly ? length of head. Anal III Y; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral + Jength of head, ex- tending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral senate anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales denti- culate, 32 = lateral lines a Olive above, silvery on the sides, white beneath ; 10 dark bars on the sides; soft dorsal and caudal with dark dots; ventrals and anal yellow. Total length 115 millim. Lake Victoria.—Type in Paris Museum. 9. HAPLOCIIROMIS STANLEYI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 444, Fish. Nile, p. 507, pl. xe. fig. 5 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 71. Tilapia stanleyi, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xxii. 1910, p. 293. Tilapia stanley, var. uniformis, Pellegr. 1. ec. | Depth of body equal to or a little greater than length of head, which is 3 to 3g times in total length. Upper profile of head straight or slightly concave; snout as long as eye, which is 33 to 33 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and is twice or nearly twice as great as least depth of preorbital; lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; outer teeth rather large, conical or rather indistinctly bicuspid, 40 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by two or three series of minute tricuspid teeth; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part-much less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, some T-shaped, 11 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV—XVI 9-10; spines equal from the sixth or seventh, or last longest, 4 to $ length of head ; longest soft ray } to ? length of head. Anal III 89 ; third spine as long as or a little longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral extending to vent or beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 15 to 2 times 296 CICHLID. c= ; lateral lines Most males reddish brown above, greyish beneath; throat and as long as deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 30-34 aad 10-13" opercle blackish ; a V-shaped blackish band, pointing forwards, on the nape; a blackish vertical bar below the anterior border of the eye; ill-defined blackish spots on the side of the body, partly confluent into one or two longitudinal bands; dorsal grey, anal yellow, both blackish at the base, the latter with two or three large orange ocellar spots encircled with red ; caudal fin greyish, blackish in the middle; ventral fins black. Females brownish above, with rather indistinct dark cross- bars, with the subocular bar less distinct, and the ventrals yellowish. Some specimens entirely dark brown or blackish. Total length 120 millim, Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. Haplochromis stanley?. Tvpe (F. N.). 1-2. Types. Buganga. Mr. EH. Degen (C.). 3-4. Types. Bunjako. 5-8. Types. Entebbe. ts 9, Ad. ‘; ~M. C. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 10-12. Ad. Sesse Islands, Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 13=14...Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. a P 15. Ad. Kakindu, Victoria Nile. ks = 10. HAPLOCHROMIS PERCOIDES. Souleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 443, Fish. Nile, p. 496, pl. xe. fig. 1 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 70. Astatotilapia nigrescens, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxiv. 1909, p. 157, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xxii. 1910, p. 292, pl. xiv. fig. 3. Haplochromis nigrescens, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 70. HAPLOCHROMIS. 297 Depth of body 3 to 33 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Snout with convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 32 to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 1; times in interorbital width, and exceeds least depth of preorbital; lower jaw projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; outer teeth moderate or rather large, unicuspid or more or less distinctly bicuspid, 36 to 50 in the upper jaw, followed by 2 or 3 series of minute tricuspid teeth; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part below the eye equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderate and stout, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly 3 to 5 length of head; longest soft rays nearly half length of head. Anal II Haplochromis percoides. Type (F. N.). 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral § to ? length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 31-32 at lateral lines or Dark olive above, yellow below; four dark brown transverse bands on the body and a dark brown blotch at the base of the caudal fin; a dark brown bar across the forehead, and another, vertical, below the eye ; dorsal fin light olive-brown with a darker longitudinal streak on its posterior portion ; pectoral, ventral, and anal fins yellow, the last with an orange spot with dark centre. Some specimens dark olive, with the markings absent or very indistinct. Total length 110 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. 298 CLCHLIDA. 1-2. Types. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). dsj cher: Bululo, L. Kioga. Dr, E. Bayon (C.) ; . Genoa Museum (P.). 4—5. Ad. Kakindu, Victoria Nile. 53 . 11. HAPLOCHROMIS GRAUERI. Souleng. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped. v., Zool. iii. p. 257, pli x. (1914). Depth of body 22 to 3 times in total length, length of head 23 to 2% times. Snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, 1 to 12 diameters of eye, which is 34 to 44 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; least depth of preorbita] 2 to once diameter of eye ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 to 6 series, outer largest, conical, bicuspid, or partly conical and partly bicuspid, 50 to 80 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scaies on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, the larger often bi- or trifid, 7 to 9 on lower part of Haplochromis grauert. Type (Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped.). 4. 6 anterior arch. Dorsal XV—-XVI 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 3 to nearly 4 length of head; longest soft rays 4 to 2 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond, Ventral reaching origin HAPLOCHROMIS. 299 of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded, Caudal peduncle 13 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 30-34 a lateral lines 18-22 10-12" the belly sometimes blackish; a dark vertical bar below the eye; vertical fins dark brown, anal sometimes with two or three large bright ocellar spots; ventrals black or blackish. Females uniform brown above and white beneath, with a more or less distinct dark opercular Males grey or brown, with or without darker bars on the sides, spot; fins greyish, soft dorsal and caudal with small round lower spots. Total length 150 millim. Lake Kivu.—tTypes in Berlin Museum. 1-2. Two of the types. L. Kivu. Dre.“ Schubotz(C:)5 German C. African Exped. 12. HAPLOCHROMIS STRIGIGENA. Ctenochromis strigigena, Pteff. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 155, pl. il. figs. 5-8, and Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 18, fig. (1896). Chromis multicolor, Schoeller, Bl. Aq. Terr. K. xiv. 1903, p. 185, fig. Paratilupia multicolor, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1903, p. 429. Haplochromis strigigena, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 497, pl. xe. fig. 2 (1907). Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 to 3 times in total length. Snout with straight or slightly convex profile, as long as or a little Haplochromis strigigenc. Alexandria (F. N.). 9 shorter than eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 or 4 series of small, closely-set teeth in each jaw, those of the outer series a little larger, bicuspid in females and young, unicuspid in males; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch, Dorsal XIII-XV 8-10; spines subequal or increasing slightly in length posteriorly, the last about } length of head; soft portion rounded, longest ray 3 to 2 length of head. Anal IU 6-8 ; 300 CICHLID4. third spine as long as or a little longer than last dorsal, about 4 to ? length of head. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral rarely reaching anal. .Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denticulate, 25-29 a ; lateral lines — often represented merely by pits instead of tubules. Greyish or olive, with or without more or less regular dark vertical bars and with or without an interrupted blackish stripe along the side of the body; a dark bar often extends from below the anterior third of the eye to the mouth; a black spot on the operculum and another at the root of the caudal fin; vertical fins with small dark spots; soft dorsal and anal fins dark in the males, with transverse series of white spots, which may be confluent into streaks; males sometimes with dark bars across the caudal fin, and with a red spot at the end of the anal fin. Total length 70 millim. Lower Egypt to Uganda and German East Africa.—Types in Hamburg Museum. 1-5, 6-7. Ad. L. Mareotis, near Alexandria. H. Schoeller, Esq. (P.). 8-21, 22. Ad., hgr., Kaka, White Nile. L. Loat, Esq. (C ). & yg. 23-32, 33-42, 43-57. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. fe Ad., her., & yg. 98-67. Ad. & yg. Fashoda, White Nile. 5 68. Ad. Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. o 69-70. Ad. Bujiju, South Buddu, Uganda. M. T. Dawe, Esq. (P.). 71. Ad. I. Mohasi, Ruanda, W. of L. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; Victoria. German C, African Exped. 72. One of the types. Mbusini, German E. Africa. Dr. Stuhlmann (C.) ; Hamburg Museum (E.). 13. HAPLOCHROMIS MOFFATI. Chromys mogati, Casteln, Cat. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 16 (1861). Chromis (Ctenochromis) philander, M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 148. Paratilapia mofuti, Bouleng. Proce, Zool. Soe. 1898, p. 140; Pellegr. Mém, Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 259. Tilapia philander, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 136; Pellegr. t. c. p. 340. Haplochromis mogfuti, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 504 (1907), and Tr. Zool. Soe. xviit. 1911, p. 415; Schreitmiiller, Bl. Aq. Terr. KX. xxiii, 1912, p. 724, fig. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 23 to 2+ times in total Jength. Snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, longer HAPLOCHROMIS. 301 than eye, which is 35 to 43 times in length of head and equals inter- orbital width; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer larger and conical or more or less distinctly bicuspid, inner usually tricuspid, sometimes conical; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to ora little less or a little more than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII—X1V (rarely XV) 9-11; spines subequal or increasing in length posteriorly, last § to 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 4 to 2 length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine as long as or a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral 3 to ? length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent Haplochromis moffati. Indukuduku, Zululand. or origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 26-31 ane lateral lines aae! Olive or brownish, uniform or with pearl-coloured dots, or with ill-defined darker cross- bars, with or without an interrupted dark lateral band; a black opercular spot ; sometimes a dark bar below the eye; spinous dorsal dark-edged, at least anteriorly; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with small dark and light spots; anal rarely with light ocellar spots. Total length 110 millim. South Africa, Upper tributaries of Congo (Katanga).—Type apparently lost. 1-6, 7-16, Ad. & Nr. Durban. Rey. N. Abraham (P.). her. 302 L7.; Ads 18-19. Ad. 20. Ad. 21,2 Ad, 22-27. Ad. 28. Skel. 20 Ads 30: Ad. 31-33, 34-35. Ad. & her. 36-38. Ad. 39-41. Ad. 42. Ad. 43. Ad. 44. Ad. 45. Her. 46-51. Her. & yg. oS 52. Ad. D3. Ad. 54-55. Yo. This fish completely connects the preceding species with the following and it is not unlikely all three will have to be united. CICHLIDE. Pietermaritzburg. Indukuduku, Zululand. I. Sibayi, 5 Negoyo Hills, 3 Umfulosi Station, Zululand. Wondergat, nr. Mafeking. L. Ngami district. Pretoria. S.W. of Middelburg, Trans- vaal, Groot Olifants R., Transvaal. Moramba R., afl. of Zambesi, Rhodesia. Mozam)ique. Luapula R. at Kasenga, Katanga. Klisabethville, Katanga. Labumbashi R., near Elisa- bethville. I. Mweru at Nkola. L. Mweru at Lukonzolwa. Dr. Eo Warren ¢€P:): 99 Pe) Mr. C. Granta(Ca)x C. D. Rudd, Esq. (P.) Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist (P.). R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (P.). W. L. Distant, Esq. (P.). G. A. Boulenger, Esq. (P.). S. Pershouse, Esq. (P.). Major G. E. Bruce (C.). S. African Museum (P.). Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). Dr. L. Stappers (C.). o> I am unable to distinguish some specimens of HH. str7gigena from young LH. moffati. 14. HAPLOCHROMIS DESFONTAINESIL. Labrus desfontainii, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. pp. 54 & 160 (1802). Sparus ? desfontainii, Gerv. Zool. Pal. Gén. p. 208, pl. xlv. fig. 4 (1869). Chromis desfontaint, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 160; Vincig. Ann. Mus. Genova, xx. 1884, p. 429; Rolland, Rev. Scientif. (4) ii. 1894, p. 418, fig. Temichromis bloycti, Sauy. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) vii. 1883, p. 159, Chromis flavit-josephi, Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iil. 1883, p. 141, pl. viii. fig. 2. Hemichromis gigliolii, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 24 (1896). Paratilapia bloyeti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 143, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 418 (1901). Tilapia desfontainesi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 135, pl. xi. fig. 3. HAPLOCHROMIS. 303 Tilapia flavii-josephi, Bouleng. 1. ¢. Paratilapia wingatii, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 264. Astatotilapia desfontainesi, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 300, and, xxii. 1910; p. 291. Tilapia (Ctenochromis) sparsidens, Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 408. Haplochromis desfontainesi. Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 501, pl. xe. fig. 3 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 71. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 22 to 34 times. Snout with straight or slightly concave profile, 1 to 1} diameters of the eye, which is 33 to 43 times in length of head and equals or slightly exceeds interorbital width ; least depth of presorbital 3 to once diameter of eye; jaws equal in front, or lower slightly projecting ; Haplochromis desfontainesii. Tunisia (P. Z. 8. 1899). maxillary extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye; outer teeth rather large, conical or more or less distinctly bicuspid in the adult, usually bicuspid in the young, 30 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by 2 or 3 series of small tricuspid teeth; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, the larger sometimes T-shaped, 7 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI (rarely XII1) 9-10 (rarely 8, 11, or 12) spines, subequal from the tenth or increasing in length to the last, which measures ¢ to 3 length of head; longest soft rays } to nearly once length of head. Anal III (rarely IV) 8-10 (rarely 11); third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral § to nearly once length of head. Ventral reaching vent, origin 304 CICHLID 2. of anal, or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 28-36 ea lateral lines ed Brownish to olive-green, with or without rather indistinct dark cross-bands, sometimes with an interrupted dark lateral band from the eye to the root of the caudal fin; a more or less distinct dark brown or black bar below the anterior third of the eye; often two dark streaks across the snout; a dark opercular spot; vertical fins with or without more or less distinct small dark and light spots, the dorsal often edged with black in the males; anal, in males, often with several yellow or orange ocelli, edged with red; ventrals yellow in the females, black or blackish in the males; some specimens entirely dark brown or black. Total length 150 millim. From the Northern border of the Sahara and Syria to Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika, and German Kast Africa.—Types in Paris Museum. 1-20, 21-30. Ad., Tepid Springs of Ain Oumash, = Lord Walsingham (P.). hgr., & yg. near Biskra. 31-32. Ad. Hot Springs of Cafsa, Tunisia. Marquis G. Doria (P.). 33-35. Ad. Cafsa, Tunisia. J. 8. Whitaker, Esq. (P.). 36. Skel. a 4 37-38. Ad. Tozeur Oasis, S. Tunisia. Dr. C. Gaillard (P.). 39-40. Types of Ain-el-Tabigah, Syria. Dr. L. Lortet (P.). C. flavit-josephi. 41. TypeofP.win- Gondokoro, Bahr-el-Gebel. LL. Loat, Esq. (C.). gatit. 42-47. Yg. ” ” ” 48. Her. Butyaba, L. Albert. Paris Museum (E.). 49, Hgr. L. Albert. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C. African Exped. 50. Ad. Hima R., E. foot of Mt. Sir F. J. Jackson (P.). Ruwenzori. 51-53. Ad. Victoria Nile, between L.Kioga I’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). and Murchison Falls. 54-56. Ad. L. Salisbury. Sir F. J. Jackson (P.). 57-60. Ad. Bululo, L. Kiogo. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 61-62. Ad. Kakindu, Victoria Nile. i a 63. Skel. ” ” » 5 64-78. Ad. & hgr. Jinja, Ripon Falls. v a 79. Skel. ” » » ” 80-87. Ad. L. Victoria. Col. Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 88. Skel. ” ”? HAPLOCHROMIS. 305 89-120, 121-130. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). Ad. & hgr. 131-136. Ad. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 137. Ad. Buganga. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 138. Ad. Buddu Coast of L. Victoria. Mr. M. Simon (C.). 139-147. Hgr.& yg. L. Gangn, S. of L. Victoria. C. W. Woodhouse, Esq. (i): 148-149. Ad. L. Kivu. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 150. Ad. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C. African Exped. 151-153. Ad. & hgr. Lufuko R. at Mpala, Lake Dr. L. Stappers (C.). Tanganyika. 154. Type of #7. Kandoa, German E, Africa. Capt. Bloyet (C.) ; bloyett. Paris Museum (E.). 155-158. Types of L. Manyara, German HK. Prof. O. Neumann (C.). T. sparsidens. Africa. 159-160. Yg. Umbugwe, German E. Africa. 15. HAPLOCHROMIS ALLUAUDI. Astatoreochromis alluaudi, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 385, xvii. 1905, p. 185, pl. xvi. fig. 2, and xxii. 1910, p. 297. Haplochromis alluaudi, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 505, pl. xe. fig. 4 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911,.p. 71. Depth of body equal to ora little greater than length of head, 22 to 3 times in total length. Snout with straight or slightly convex profile, as long as eye in the young, a little longer in the adult; diameter of eye 3} (young) to 4} times in length of head, 1 (young) to 14 times in interorbital width, 1} to 14 times least depth of suborbital ; jaws equal in front, or lower slightly projecting; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye ora little beyond; outer teeth rather large, partly conical and partly bicuspid in the adult, bicuspid in the young, 40 to 50 in upper jaw, followed by 1 or 2 series of minute tricuspid teeth; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-X1X 6-9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures ? to # length of the head; longest soft rays 4 to 2 length of head. Anal 1V—VI 6-9; last spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral $ to $ length of head, not extending quite to origin of anal. Ventral reaching beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. 306 CICHLID®. Caudal peduncle as long as or slightly longer than deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 32-34 we lateral lines oe! without ill-defined dark cross-bars;:some young specimens dark steel- grey, nearly black on the top of the back and head; a black or blackish vertical bar below the anterior third of the eye, another, sometimes, from behind the eye to the angle of the preoperculum; vertical fins dark, with more or less distinct small darker spots; dorsal and anal fins usually edged with blackish; anal, in the males, with two or three transverse series of light, dark-edged ocellar spots. Olive or brownish, with or Total length 155 millimetres. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile.—Types in Paris Museum. Fig. 206. Haplochromis alluaudi. Type (F. N.). 1. One of the types. Kavirondo Bay. M. ©. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). "2-6. Ad. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 7. Skel. ui $5 8. Ad. Bunjako. R . 9-13. Ad. Buddu Coast of L. Victoria. Mr. M. Simon ((.). 14. Ad. L. Victoria. Col. Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 15-17. Her. & yg. L. Gangu, FE. of L. Victoria. C. W. Woodhouse, Esq. (G.). 18-19. Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (Po). 20-21. Ad. Kakindu, Vietoria Nile. 7e HAPLOCHROMIS. 307 22. Skel. Kakindu, Victoria Nile. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). Don Ad: Bululo, L. Kioga. 3 “3 24. Ad. Victoria Nile, between L. Kioga I. H. Melland, Fisq. (P.). and Murchison Falls. This species is completely connected with //. desfontainesii, 16. HAPLOCHROMIS MOERUENSIS., Paratilapia moeruensis, Bouleng. Aun. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 119, pl. xlv. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 419 (1911); Pellegr..Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 262. - Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 to 34 times in total length. Snout with convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, Haplochromis moeruensis. Type (A. M. C. 1899). which is 3} to 44 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; lips thick, much developed; teeth in 4 or 5 series, outer larger and conical or more or less distinctly bicuspid, 36 to 48 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVII 8-10 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 3 to } length of head; longest soft rays 2? to ? length of head. Anal IIL 7-8; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 3 to ? length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as we : 3-3 long as deep. Scales more or less distinctly denticulate, 29-32 ib} eee : lateral lines 555. Olive-brown; a blackish opercular spot; a more or less distinct dark band above the upper lateral line and another behind 308 CICHLIDZ. the opercular spot, or very indistinct dark cross-bars on the back ; fins brown, spinous dorsal with a black edge. Total length 95 millim. Lake Mweru.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. L. Mweru. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 3-8. Ad. & hgr. ef at Lukonzolwa. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 9, Skel. 33 3” ” 11. PARATILAPIA, Bleek. Verh. Ak. Amsterd. ii. 1868, p. 307; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 137 (part.), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 412 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 256; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 466 (1907). Paracara, Bleek. Versl. Ak. Amsterd. xii. 1878, p. 193. Haplotilapia, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 77. Hemichromis, part., Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 19 (1896). Boulengerochromis, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 304. Body short or more or less elongate ; scales cycloid or ctenoid; two lateral lines both incomplete, or the upper nearly complete. more series of teeth, the outer conical and sometimes canine-like in the adult, sometimes bicuspid in the young, the others unicuspid or tricuspid; maxillary usually exposed when the mouth is closed. Dorsal with 10-18 spines, anal with 3. Parietal and occipital crests strong, extending to Vertebree 27-37 *. Two or between the orbits. Africa and Syria. * 138414=27, P. pollen. 144 15=29. 144+16=30. 144+17=31. 14+18=32. 15+15=30. 15416=31. 154+17=32. 15+18=33. 164+ 16=32. 16 +17 =33. 16+ 18=34. 17 + 16=33. 174+17=34. 17+18=35. 174+19=36. 184+18=36. 18 +19=37. 194 18=37. P. chrysonota. P. retrodens. P, granti, intermedia, serranus, vittata. P. longirostris. smithir. smithii, chrysonota. crassilabris, guiartt. dinudiata. codringtoni, furcifer. dimidiata, microlepis. ventralis. macrocephala. Vo Pe calliura. P. angusticeps. P, thumbergit. P. angusticeps. P. thumbergii. P, leptosoma, PARATILAPIA. 309 Synopsis of the Species. I. 7 to 14 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; less than 50 scales in longitudinal series on the body. A. Preemaxillary processes very long, extending to between the orbits ; caudal rounded or truncate. 1. Width of head not more than 23 times in its length. a. Pectoral shorter than. head. D. X-XIII 10-12; A. III 8-11; Se. 28- 30 at a; ; 4 to 6 series of scales on the Cheekariian wf, ne coils co a ks 2 os WBS pollen, Blkrjip. 09. D, XIV-XV 10-11; A. III 7; Se. 27- 28 < ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. 2. P. cerasogaster, Bigr., p. 316. D. XIV-XV 13-15; A. III 8-10; Se. 34- 1-5 . 36 =— ar ; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek . . . 2... . . . « « « 3. P. macrocephala, Bigr., p. 317. b. Pectoral at least nearly as long as head. D. XV-XVI 9-10; A. IIT 8-9; Se. 3253 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. . . 4. P. gestri, Blgr., p. 318. D. XV 13; A. IIL 9-10; Se. 34-37 = ; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek. . . 5. P. longimanus, Blgr., p. 319. 2. Width of head 24 to 3 times in its length ; pectoral shorter than head. D. XIV-XVI 14-16; A. III 11-13; Sc. 36- 5-7 3° T3748 3 series of scales on the cheek; caudal peduncle as long as sens or a little ac thandeep . . . : . . 6. P. angusticeps, Blgr., p. 320. eA Os) ALTE 8s, Se.33 a jaws 6 ,ual in front ; 4 series of scales on the cheek ; caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 7. parvidens, Blgr., p. 322. D. XVI 8-10; A. III 7-8; Sc. 32-33 <— ; jaws equal in front; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek; caudal peduncle 1} to 14 timesaslongasdeep . . . . .. . 8. P. pfeferi, Bigr., p. 323. B. Premaxillary processes not extending to between the orbits; caudal rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate, not scaly. 1. Pharyngeal teeth all slender. a. Snout considerably longer than the eye in the adult ; depth of body 22 to 41 times in total length. a. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or slightly longer than deep ; head 2 to 24 times as long as broad. lower jaw projecting ; 7 to 10 21 Bou II/III 310 CICHLID. * 3 to 5 series ue scales on the cheek. D. XV 10% A. LL: Se: 28 < ae 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch . . . «9. P. demeusii, Blgr., p. 324. D. XVII 8; A. III 6-7; Sc. 29-32 - oe 13 or 14 gill-rakers; head twice as ae as broad’ 3S. ss ’ . 10. P. afra, Gthr., p. 325. D. XVI 10-11; A. III 8-9; Se. 32-34 ok ae 10-12 gill-rakers; head 2} to 24 times aslongas broad... .. +). « « « « Ll. P. modesta, Gthr., p. 326. ** 6 to 9 series of scales on the cheek. D. XVI 10; A. TIL 7; Sc. 30 3; 6 series of scaleson the cheek. . . . . . . . 12. P. toddi, Blgr., p. 327: D. XV-XVITI 13-16 ; A. III 10-12 ; Se. 35- 41 a aap ; 7 to 9 series of scales on the cheek « » «9. % . Gene G ase ddsPothumbengn, Cast..p: 328. 8. Caudal peduncle 1} to 2 times as long as deep. * 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek ; lips feebly or moderately developed. + Lower jaw strongly projecting ; head at least 24 times as long as broad. D. XV-XVI 8-9; A. III 8-9; Se 33- ae) 7s ; head 22 to 3 times as long as broad; mouth i ua to below anterior border of eye. . . s » «» « 1d, P. mitata, Bipr., p.330: D, XY 123-As DIL ab: Sei3d ay head 4 times as long as broad ; mouth not ex- tending to below anterior border of eye . 15. P. compressiceps, Blyr., p. 331. D. XIV-XVI 9-10; A. ILI 8-10; Se. 33- 40 3 head 23 to 3 times as long as broad; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; vertical diameter of scaly part of cheek greater than dia- meter of eyeinadult . . . . . 16. P. longirostris, Hilg., p. 332. D. XIV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-10; Se. 32 36 = head 24 to 23 times as long as broad; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye ; vertical diameter of scaly part of cheek not greater than diameter ofeye . . . . . . . . © 17. P. prognatha, Pellegr., p. 333. PARATILAPIA. out tt Lower jaw feebly projecting. D. XV-XVII 8-10; A. III 8-10; Se. 33- 45 = ; head 2} to 24 times as long as broad ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; caudal truncate. . . . 18. P. serranus, Pfeff., p. 334. D. XVI-XVII 9-11; A. III 8-9; Se. 38- 41 aaa head 24 to 24 times as long as broad ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; caudal slightly emarginate in the adult . . . . . . 19. P. guiarti, Pellegr., p. 336. D. XIV-XVI 9-10; A. III 9-10; Se. 31- d4 aaa} head 2} to 2? times as long as broad ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; caudal subtrun- CME. es 6 eh ne ee 6 hte Us ew DANO, DIDTat pL OO. ** 3 series of scales on the cheek ; lips very thick, each produced into a globular swelling. D. XVI-XVII 9; A. III 8-9; Sc. 31-32 j5 . 21. P. chilotes, Blgr., p. 338. 2 *** 6 or 7 series of scales on the cheek. D.XV11; A.IIL9; Sce.377> . . . 1 . 22. P. pectoralis, Blgr., p. 339. b. Snout not or but slightly longer than eye; depth of body: 2% to 34 times in total length. a. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. * Lips moderately thick ; snout as long as or slightly longer than eye ; last five dorsal spines nearly equal in length. D. XV 8; A. III 8; Sc. 338; teeth in 3 [p. 341. series ; lower jaw strongly projecting . D. XV-XVI 9-10; A. III 8-9; Se. 33- 6-5 , s F F 40 inq33 teeth in 4 or 5 series; jaws bo cs . P. maculipinna, Pellegr., equal in front . oon, BOA Pape y. b24e Pe acietoranay Pellegmewrasd: D. XV-XVII 8-9; A. III 8-9; Se. 30- 35 ae teeth in 6 to 8 series; jaws equalimsironts eee eee 4 «200 F Oita bl etayps ote. ** Lips moderately thick ; snout a little shorter than eye ; dorsal spines increasing in length to the last. D. XVI 8; A. III 8; Sc. 33 73; teeth in 4 ceticswa OE es, ee 260 2. cinerea, Blov., p.. 44. 312 CICHLIDA. *** Lips very thick ; snout as long as or slightly longer than eye. D. XV-XVE 8-05. A. IT 8-9 < Gc. 31-33. 133 teeth in 3 or 4 series, 20 to 34 in outer series of upperjaw. . . . . . « « 27. P. crassilabris, Blgr., p. 345. D. XV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-9; Se. 31- Bi aoe 33 teeth in 3 to 6 series, 30 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw . . . . . 28. P. bicolor, Blgr., p. 346. D. ser 9-10; A. III 9-10; Se. 34- 1a —— ; teeth in 6 to 8 series, 26 to 40 in outer series of upperjaw . . . . . 29. P. retrodens, Hilg., p. 347. D. XVI 9; A. III 8-9; Sc. 32-35 Et teeth in 7 to 10 series, 56 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw. . . . . . . « 30. P. polyodon, Blgr., p. 349. 8. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. D. XIV 10; A. IIL 8; Sc. 275; caudal peduncle as long asdeep . . . . . . 31. P. dorsalis, Pellegr., p. 350. D. XV 10; A. TIL 9; Se. 26-27 F#; caudal peduncle as long as deep . . . . . . 32. P. luebberti, Hilg., p. 350. D. XIV 11-12; A. IIT 8; Sc. 294°; caudal peduncle deeper than long . . . . . 33. P. corbali, Blgr., p. 351. 2. Some of the pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns; depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length ; caudal rounded or subtruncate. a. Snout shorter than postocular part of head ; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek. D. XV 14-15; A. III 10; Sc. 35-36 4, cycloid; pectoral shorter than head; caudal caamied much vo than ome. . g~% , : . 34. P. codringtoni, Blgr., p. 352. D. XV 12-13; A. III 9-10; Sc. 33-34 4 ip finely denticulate; pectoral shorter than head ; caudal peduncle as long as = or slightly deeper than long. . . . 35. P. carlotie, Bler., p. 353. D, XY 12-13% 4A. TU 10m) Sei. 312852 ae cycloid ; pectoral as long as head ; caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper thanlong . . . . . . « + « « « 36. P. gibbiceps, Blgr., p. 355. PARATILAPIA. “733 b. Snout at least as long as postocular part of head ; pectoral shorter than head ; caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. D. XV 13-14; A.IIT8-9; Sc. 32-34 2; eye 5 to 54 times in length of head ; 50 to 60 teeth in outer series of upper jaw . . . 37. P. frederici, Cast., p. 300. DEIN RV 12-135) A; TT 8-0: Se. do BY dt ae eye 4 to 44 times in length of head ; 52 to 64 teeth in outer series ofupperjaw . .. . . 38. P. smithii, Cast., p. 557. DV 13-14 +54. IIT 9-10 3, Se.34- nes IL 3; eye 4 ty 43 times in length of head; 36 to 50 teeth in outer series of upper jaw. 39. P. mellundi, Blgr., p. 358. C. Premaxillary processes not extending to between the orbits; caudal more or less distinctly ee seuar sealy. DAV IL 10 ¢ AC ois 36 o3 3 series of scales on the cheek ; snout shorter than postocular part of head; depth of body 22 times in total length . . . . 40. P. nototenia, Blgr., p. 359. DOV VALE LOST 2s) AS TIE LO— I: Se. 34 3-4 36 3544; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek ; snout as long as postocular part of head ; depth of body 3 to 3} times in totallength . . . . . . . 4l. P. dimidiata, Gthr., p. 360. D, XVI-X V1) 12.1 A. Il 10- ll: Se. 37- 38 oui 5 series of scales on the cheek ; snout as Jong as postocular part of head ; depth of body 3 times in total length . . 42. P. rhoadesii, Bigr., p. 301. II. 15 to 28 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, or if fewer more than 50 scales in longitudinal series on the body. A. Premaxillary processes not extending to between the orbits ; caudal more or less emarginate. 1. 29 to 38 scales in a longitudinal series on the body ; depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length. a. Dorsal with 15 to 18 spines. D. XV-XVI 9-11; A. III 10-11; Se. 32- 34 tot 3 times in length of head. . . . . . 43. P. chrysonota, Blgr., p. 362. 17 to 20 gill-rakers ; eye 22 to 314 CICHLIDA., Ly D. — 1: — D, D. Ly, — D; }). ), XVI- aed LO-iees A, 1d 9-19 Se, 332 36 8 ; 23 to 27 gill-rakers ; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head. . . . .) . 44. P. intermedia, Gthr., p. 363. XV 11; A. TIL 9; Sc. 29-30 ; 20 to 22 gill-rakers ; eye 54 times in length of head. 2. 2. 2 2... . AD. BP. schwedischi, Sauv., p. 365. b. Dorsal with 12 or 13 spines ; 15 to 19 gill-rakers ; eye 23 to 23 times in length of head. . AII-XIII 12-14; A. III 9-10; Se. 34- 36 maui pectoral as long as or a little longer than head. . . . . . . . . 46. Pi ventralis, Blgr., p. 365. ATI-XUIT 12-13; A. II 9; Se. 86- 38 ae pectoral a little shorter than head ss ,0i6 we NO a A ne ot. BT. Po dewindi, Blor$p. 367, 2. 60 to 69 scales in longitudinal series ; depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length. XITI-XIV 12-14; A. III 9; Sc. 60- 64 — rae : 15 or 16 gill-rakers . . . . 48. P. furcifera, Blgr., p. 368. XV 13; A. III 12-14; Se. 60-69 —— — TE 19 to 28 gill-rakers. 2 2. 1.) .) . 49. P. stenosoma, Blgr., p. 369. 3. 79 to 90 scales in longitudinal series ; depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length. AVI-XVII 13-15 ; A. IIT 9-10; Se. 75- 90 Ls aa 13 to 15 gill-rakers . . . . 50. P. microlepis, Blgr., p. 370. B. Preemaxillary processes very long, extending to between the orbits ; depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length. 1. Caudal deeply notched ; 20 gill-rakers ; interorbital width equal to diameter of eye. XITI-XIV 14-16; A. III 10-12; Se. 39- 42 —s ; eye 3} to 32 times in length of herd. «2 ase ; . . « . OL. P. leptosoma, Blgr., p. 372. XV-XVII 11; A. HI 8-9; Se. e. 39-40 2 eye 3% times in length of head . . . . 52. P. nigripinnis, Blgr., p. 373. 2. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate; 15 gill-rakers; interorbital width barely half diameter of eye. AXVI-XVII 10; A. III 7-8; Se. 37- 40 ‘oa eye 3 to 34 times in length of head. we kk oe wee 6 om 1 OOe Pe ealliuva, Blor. paces PARATILAPIA. 3195 1. PARATILAPIA POLLENT. Bleek. Vers]. Ak. Amsterd. ii. 1868, p. 307, and Poiss. Madag. p. 10, pl. v. fig. 2 (1875) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i. 1880, p. 247; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 443, pl. xliv. fig. 2 (1891) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 138; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 297. Paracara typus, Bleek. Versl. Ak. Amsterd. xii. 1878, p. 193, pl. iii. fig. 3; Sauv. op. cit. p. 438, pl. xliv a, fig: 8, & ¢., fig. 1. Paratilapia bleekeri, Sauv. op. cit. p. 444, pl. xliv. fig. 1; Bouleng. t. c. p. 139. Paratilapia typus, Bouleng. |. ¢. Depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length, length of head 25 to 25 times. Head twice or a little less than twice as long as broad; snout Paratilapia pollens. After Sauvage (op. cit.). rounded, with straight or concave upper profile, as long as broad or broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head ; eye 3} (young) to 6 times in length of head, about 2 interorbital width in adult, equal to or greater than preorbital depth ; mouth very protractile, extending to below anterior border or anterior third of eye; preemaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer largest, 30 to 50 in upper jaw; 4 to 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers moderately long, 7 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X-XIIT 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures x to 2 length of head; middle soft rays more or less produced, some- 9 316 CICHLID. times as long as head. Anal III] 8-11; third spine a little shorter but stouter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Scales usually finely denticulate, sometimes all cycloid, 28-30 aeake lateral lines a Dark brown or blackish, uniform or with bluish-white spots, or olive with more or less distinct dark cross-bars and a black opercular spot ; fins blackish. Total length 206 millim. Madagascar.—Types in Leyden Museum. 1-3. Ad. Tamatave. Rev. W. Deans Cowan (C.). 4-6. Ad. Mahanova. 7, 8-9. Ad. Imerina. Rev. R. Baron (C.). 10. Skel. ‘5 5 1, Ad: =} Paris Museum (.). 12-13. Ad. & hgr. Morafeno. 5 14. Her. Madagascar. M. V. de Robillard (C.). Fig. 209. Paratilapia cerasogaster. Type (A. M.C.), 4. 6 2. PARATILAPIA CERASOGASTER. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 118, pl. xlv. fig. 1 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 420 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 260. Depth of body equal to length of head, 24 to 23 times in total length. Head 23 times as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as eye, which is 3} times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth; mouth with thick lips, not extending to below anterior border of eye ; premaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes; teeth in 4 or 5 PARATILAPIA. ol series, of outer series rather large, 34 to 40 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XV 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures a little over 4 length of head; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III 7; third spine stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral hardly % length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 27-28 ; lateral lines ae Purplish brown above, cheek and opercle yellow, belly carmine-red; a large black spot on the operculum and another on the posterior part of the spinous dorsal, which is dark purplish ; soft dorsal carmine-red; ventral carmine-red, edged with black. Total length 80 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Utanda, L. Leopold II. M.P. Delhez (C.). Paratilapia macrocephala. Type (A. M. C.). 3. PARATILAPIA MACROCEPHALA. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 121, pl. xlv. fig. 4 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 415 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 266. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 21 to 3 times. Head 24 to 23 times as long as broad; snout with straight upper profile, a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 34 to 4% times in length of head, equal to or greater than interorbital width, much excceding preorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior 318 CICHLIDA. border of eye; premaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 10 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XITV— XV 13-15; spines subequal from the sixth, 4 to ? length of head; longest soft rays 4 to # length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine as long as or shorter than longest dorsals. Pectoral 3 to $ length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle not or but scarcely longer than deep. aa! Scales cycloid or indistinctly denticulate, 34-36 ae lateral lines 99-95 12-18" opercular spot ; dorsal and caudal fins, sometimes also anal, chequered with black and white, or with black spots confluent into streaks. Total length 330 millim. Lake Mweru and Luapula River.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Brown, with or without distinct dark vertical bars; a black 1-5. Ad. & her. L. Mweru at Lukonzolwa. Dr. IL. Stappers (C.). 6. Skel. Rs rs ‘ ds Her. “ at Pakalulwa. & Her. 55 south of Kilwa. - 9-10. Ad. & yg. Luapula R. at Kasenga. . 4. PARATILAPIA GESTRI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 67, pl. i. fig. 3. Depth of body 22 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, broader than long, with rather convex upper profile, 14 to 14 times as long as eye, which is 4 times in length of head, 1} to 1} times in interorbital width, and exceeds least depth of preorbital; jaws equal in front; lips thick ; preemaxillary processes extending to between eyes ; mouth extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye ; teeth small, conical, in 3 series, 40 to 60 in outer row of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch, the longest bifid. Dorsal XV—XVI 9-10; spines equal in length from the seventh, which measures 2 length of head; longest soft rays $ to 3 length of head. Anal I]I 8-9; third spine longest, as long as and stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, reaching or not vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal ‘ : 4 peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32 ,,5; lateral PARATILAPIA. aLo lines = Brown above, yellowish below ; two dark brown stripes on each side, the upper above the upper lateral line, the lower wider and extending from the eye to the caudal fin; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral brownish, other fins yellowish. ‘Total length 150 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-——Type in Genoa Museum. ferAd: L. Victoria. Dr. E, Bayon (C.); Genoa Museum (P.). Paratilapra gestri. Type (Ann. Mus. Gen. 1911). 3. 5. PARATILAPIA LONGIMANUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 411, pl. x1. Depth of body 23 to 2} times in total length, length of head 22 to 8 times. Head 2 to 2} times as long as broad, upper profile straight or slightly concave; lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper; snout obtusely pointed, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head ; eye 4 to 5 times in Jength of head, equal to or slightly greater than interorbital width or preorbital depth ; mouth very protractile, extending to below anterior border of eye; pramaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, 52 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, posterior truncate or T-shaped, 9 to 11 on lower part of 320 CICHLIDZ. anterior arch. Dorsal XV 13; spines increasing in length to the last, which is 2 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays $ to # length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine 3 to 3 length of head. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales not or but very indistinctly denticulate, 34-37 ay lateral lines a Females olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, with ill- defined or irregular darker cross-bands ; vertical fins brown with round Fig. 212. Paratilapia longimanus. Type (Tr. Z. 8.1911). 4. darker spots; pectorals dark olive or blackish. Males dark brown to blackish, the scales on the body pale greyish brown in the centre, vertical fins and pectoral with a broad light edge, anal with round white spots. Total length 240 millim. Lake Ngaini basin. 1-4. Types. Okovango R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 6. PARATILAPIA ANGUSTICEPS. ? Chromys levaillantii, Casteln. Mém, Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 16 (1861). Paratilapia angusticeps, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 108, and Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 414, pl. xi. Paratilapia kafuensis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 494. Depth of. body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Ilead strongly compressed, 2} to 3 times as long as broad, PARATILAPIA. 321 with concave upper profile; lower jaw projecting ; snout pointed, 14 to 12 times as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head ; eye 34 (young) to 63 times in length of head, equal to or a little less Fig. 213. Paratilapia angusticeps, male. Okovango R. (Tr. Z. 8. 1911). Di . ys j Wale 17! : i nie ; \ . SS Ny Paratilapia angusticeps, female. Type of P. kafuensis, Kafue R. $. than interorbital width or least depth of preorbital; mouth very pro- tractile, extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye; 322 CICHLID A. premaxillary processes long, extending to between the eyes; teeth very small, in 3 or 4 series, 60 to 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 7 to 10 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 1 to 12 diameters of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 14-16; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays a little more or a little less than 4 length of head. Anal III 11-13; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral } to 3 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate in the young, sometimes perfectly cycloid in the adult, 36-39 ai lateral lines a Females and young brownish above, yellowish beneath, with dark brown spots and dots or marblings, or with 7 or 8 indistinct dark bars on the body, rarely with a more or less distinct dark lateral stripe; a blackish opercular spot; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with round brown or blackish spots. Males yellowish olive above, yellow beneath, each scale with a dark brown bar or spot; dorsal and anal edged with yellow, the latter with bright ocellar spots. Total length 245 millim. Angola, Bechuanaland, Zambesi, Lake Baugwelu. 1-12. Types. Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 13-17. Ad. & her. Okovango R., near L. Ngami. RK. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 18. Skel. 35 3 m 19, Type of P. ka- Kafue R., Zambesi. T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). Juensis. 20-22, 28-30. Ad. L. Bangwelu. F. W. Melland, Esq. (P.). 7. PARATILAPIA PARVIDENS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 65, pl. i. fig. 1. Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 2? times. Head nearly three times as long as broad ; snout pointed, with nearly straight upper profile, 1} times as long as eye, which is 43 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, and slightly exceeds least depth of preorbital ; jaws equal in front; pramaxillary processes extending to between the eyes ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth very small, conical, in 3 series; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch, the last large and anyil-shaped. PARATILAPIA. 323 Dorsal XVI 9 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures + length of head; longest soft rays } length of head. Anal III 8; third spine longest, a little longer and much stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head, not quite reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 33 _ lateral lines is Dark brown, a little lighter Fig. 215. Paratilapia parvidens. Type (Ann. Mus. Gen. 1911). 2. beneath; a black opercular spot; fins brown, soft dorsal and caudal with series of small round dark spots between the rays. Total length 150 millim. Victoria Nile-—Type in Genoa Museum. 8. PARATILAPIA PFEFFERI. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 12, pl. iii. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 421 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 258 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 563. Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 to 3 times in total length. Head 23 to 24 times as long as broad; snout pointed, with straight upper profile, a little longer than broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 34 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width, nearly twice least depth of preorbital; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; premaxillary processes very long, extending to between the eyes; teeth small, in 3 series, outer larger in front, 44 to 324 CICHLID&, 54 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series af scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long and slender, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 8-10; spines equal from the sixth, 2 to nearly 4 length of head; longest soft rays 3. length of head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral 4 to 2 length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, Paratilapia pfefferc. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1898). 4. 32-33 ey lateral lines aes Olive above, silvery white beneath, with seven dark cross-bands; vertical fins greyish brown, spinous dorsal darker towards the edge. Total length 76 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J.\E. S. Moore (C.). 2-3, Ad. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 9, PARATILAPIA DEMEUSII. Boulcng, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 120, pl. xlv. fig. 3 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 416 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 262. Depth of body slightly greater than length of head, which is 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, frontal region humped ; snout rounded, with straight upper profile, as long as broad, as Jong as postocular part of head; eye 32 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width, exceeding preorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth small, in 3 series, about 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior PARATILAPIA. 325 arch. Dorsal XV 10; spines equal from the fourth, ? length of head ; longest soft ray # length of head. Anal III 7; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsals. Pectoral a little more than 3 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as Fig. 217. Paratilapia demeusii. Type (A. M. C.). long as deep. Scales cycloid, or very indistinctly denticulate; 28 3 ; lateral lines a Brown, lighter beneath ; a black opercular spot; small black spots on the soft dorsal and caudal fins. Total length 130 millim. Upper Congo. 1. Type. Bangala Country. M. De Meuse (C.). 10. PARATILAPIA AFRA. Hemichromis afer, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 626, pl. lvii. fig. B. Paratilapia afra, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 142; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 263. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout rounded, as long as broad, a little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 31 times in length of head, equal to or slightly greater than inter- orbital width, exceeding preorbital depth; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 series, outer rather large, 22 Bou II/III 326 CICHLIDZ. 30 to 34 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the check, width of scaly part nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, the largest T-shaped, 13 or 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 8; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head and about 2 longest soft rays. Anal III 6-7; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, not Fig, 218. Paratilapia afra. Type, after Giinther (P. Z. 8. 1893). extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 29-52 =. lateral lines = Dark brown; fins blackish. Total length 93 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-2. Types. L. Nyassa. Rey. J. A. Williams (P.). 11. PARATILAPIA MODESTA. Femichromis modestus, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 625, pl. Ivii. fig. A. Paratilapia modesta, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 144; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 264. Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head, 2% to 3 times in total length. Head 23 to 24 times as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave upper profile ; lower jaw projecting ; snout rounded, longer than broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 4 to 42 times in length of head, equal to or a little less or a little more than interorbital width, nearly equal to preeorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer largest, 60 to 70 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of PARATILAPIA. 327 scales on the check, width of scaly part equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to ? length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head, not extending Paratilapia modesta. Type, after Giinther (P. Z. 8S. 1893). to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 52-34 = lateral lines — Uniform dark brown, fins blackish. Total length 200 millim, Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré River. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. Rev. J. A. Williams (P.). 2. Ad. 55 Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 3-4. Ad. Upper Shiré R. Dr. Percy Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 12 PARA EArLA TOD DE. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 642. Depth of body equal to length of head, 2% times in total length. Snout 1} times length of eye, which is 4 times in length of head and a little exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series; 6 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, the largest T-shaped, 13 on lower part of 028 CICHLIDZ. anterior arch. Darsal XVI 10; spines subequal in length, 3 length of head; longest soft rays not quite } length of head. Anal III 7. Pectoral 3 length of head. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Scales den- ticulate, 30 a lateral lines = Dark olive-brown above, whitish beneath; soft dorsal and caudal fins barred with blackish; a few ocellar dark spots on the anal fin. Total length 150 millim. Lusombo, Kasai River, Congo.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 13. PARATILAPIA THUMBERGII. Chromys thumbergi, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 13 (1861). Chromys ngamensis, Casteln. 1. ¢. ? Chromys livingstonii, Casteln. 1. ¢. Hemichromis robustus, Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 312. Hemichromis jalle, Bouleng. Boll. Mus. Torin. xi. 1896, no. 260. Paratilapia robusta, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p- 141, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 414 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 266. Paratilapia thumbergit, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 146; Pellegr. t.c. p. 268; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 412, pl. xli. Depth of body 24 to 34 times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad, upper profile straight or slightly convex or slightly concave; lower jaw projecting; snout obtusely pointed, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 43 (young) to 6 times in length of head, nearly equal to or a little Jess than interorbital width or preorbital depth ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; teeth moderate, in 2 to 4 series, 48 (young) to 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 7 to 9 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 14 to 2 diameters of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, some of the posterior usually bifid or trifid, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVIII 13-16; spines increasing in length to the last, which is 1 to 2 length of head ; longest soft rays } to 3 length of head. Anal III 10-12; third spine 4 to $ length of head. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral usually not reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded or rounded-subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than deep. Scales feebly ; : ; ie 4152 3 21-26 Dark denticulate, sometimes cycloid, 35-41 ; lateral lines jz: al iz-15 9 PARATILAPIA. 329 olive or brown above, yellowish beneath, sometimes with a reddish- brown spot at the base of each scale, often with two blackish longitudinal bands, the upper above the upper lateral line, the lower from the gill-cover to the base of the caudal fin; dorsal and caudal SOI EA Mon, 2%: ATE yy SN CrUT ay EES. COPEL ERLE a PEER RED A Oe Ch Cat ek 0 Se a ‘s Pee VV Paratilapia thumbergii. Okovango R. (Tr. Z.8. 1911). 2. fins greyish or dark olive, with round blackish or reddish-brown spots ; anal sometimes edged with yellow and with round red spots; ventrals often dark olive or blackish. otal length 350 millim. Lake Nyassa and Zambesi, Katanga, Lake Bangwelu, Angola, and Lake Ngami.—Type lost. 1. Skin, type of L. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (C.). FI. rolnistus. 2-4. Ad. & her. fn Prof. J. E.S. Moore (C.). 5-6. Ad. ie Capt. I. L. Rhoades (P.). io Xe. Between Kondowe and A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Karonga. sitll. I. Johnston (P.). S-12, Ad. & hor, Upper Shiré R. Dr. Perey Rendall (C.).; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 13. Skel. : - 14. Ad. Zambesi. Dr. J.D, EF. Gilchrist (P.). 15. Ad. Kafue R., Zambesi. 9 16. Ad. 3 i T. Codrington, Esq. (P.). 1719. Au. & yg. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq., and Father Foulon (P.). 20. Skel. 3 ” 9? 330 CLICHLID. 21-26. Ad. & yg. L. Bangwelu. I’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 2a Nig: Lofoi, Katanga. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 28-31. Ad. & yg. OkovangoR., near L.Ngami. KR. B. Woosnam, Esq. (P.). 32-36. Hgr. & yg. Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 31s. \&. Tala Kilau, Mossamedes. - 38-42. Ye. Dongwenna, es Be 14. PARATILAPIA VITTATA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 1, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 415 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 150, pl. xviii. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 263. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 34 to 34 times. Head 22 to 3 times as long as broad, with curved upper profile; lower jaw projecting ; snout longer than broad, a little shorter than postocular part of head, 1$ to 13 times length of eye, which is 4 to 4? times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and a little exceeds preorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer much larger than the others, about 50 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gull-rakers short, 10 to 12 on lower part of Fig. 221. Paratilapia vittata, Type (Tr. Z. 8S. 1901), anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI1 8-9; spines subequal from the seventh or eighth, about 3 length of head and } longest soft rays. Anal III d 8-9; third spine as long as longest dorsals, Pectoral about § length of head, not extending quite to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral vent or origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle reaching PARATIDAPIA, ~ dal 1} times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 33-35 ue lateral lines a Olive above, whitish beneath; a blackish stripe on each side above the upper lateral line and another from the opercular spot to the root of the caudal fin; sometimes a blackish bar below the eye ; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins greyish or blackish, ventrals black in the male. Total length 120 millim. Lake Kivu. 1-3. Types. L. Kivu. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 4, Skel. yr) 9 De vAd, = Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C, African Expedition, 15. PARATILAPIA COMPRESSICEPS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 240. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 22 times. Head 4 times as long as broad, with slightly concave upper profile ; lower jaw projecting, chin pointed; snout twice as long as broad, Fig. 222. Den) Paratilapia compressiceps. Type. #. longer than postocular part of head, a little over twice as long as eye, which is 5} times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and 3 pieorbital depth; mouth very oblique, widely separated from vertical 3) of anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 series, outer large and widely 3902 CICHLID®. spaced, about 40 in upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3% length of head and # longest soft rays. Anal III 11; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, not extending quite to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 35 7 ; lateral lines = Brownish above, silvery white beneath; three dark bands on each side, one along the upper outline of head and body, another above the upper lateral line, the third from the preorbital to the base of the caudal, passing through the eye; fins whitish. Total length 165 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 16. PARATILAPIA LONGIROSTRIS. Hilgend. Sitzb., Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 77; Bouleng. Proc. Zcol. Soe. 1898, p. 140; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 261; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 467, pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 2 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. £911, ps 6d. Hemichromis longirostris, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 20 (1896). Depth of body 3 to 44 times in total length, length of head 22 to 34 times. Head large, 24 to 3 times as long as broad; lower jaw strongly projecting, the chin pointed; snout longer than broad, with straight or convex upper profile, 14 (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 3 (young) to 5} times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width, and about equal to preorbital depth; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth, in the adult, in 4 or 5 series, the outer long, feebly curved, and rather far apart, the inner very small and either all unicuspid, or partly tricuspid; in the young, outer teeth bicuspid, inner tricuspid; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short and stout, 8 to 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X1V-XVI 9-10; 9 spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2? length of ro) 2 to 4 length of head. Anal III 8-10; third re) head; longest soft rays spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Candal rounded or subtruncate. PARATILAPIA, BY hs) Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as decp. Scales feebly den- ticulate, 33-40 ae lateral lines 4 Olive to emerald-green above, silvery white beneath, with or without a blackish lateral band, or uniform dark brown; a small blackish opercular spot; dorsal and caudal fins grey to dark brown, sometimes with small round darker Fig. 223. Paratilapia longirostris. Bunjako (F. N.). 2. spots; ventral fin yellow in the female, black in the male; anal fin uniform yellow in the female, deep orange, with one to three large ocellar spots encircled with red, in the male. Total length 230 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile.-—Type in Berlin Museum. 1-7, 8. Ad. & her. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 9-13. Ad. & yg. Entebbe. 53 14. Skel. 3 0 15. Her. Baganga. a 16-17. Ad. & yg. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 18. Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. 5 3 19-20. Hgr. & yg. Bululo, L. Kioga. 3 43 17. PARATILAPIA PROGNATHA. Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 181, pl. xvi. fig. 4; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 469, pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 3 (1907) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xxii. 1910, p. 288; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 65. Paratilapia serranus, part., Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 161. Intermediate between P. serranus and P. longirostris. Distinguished from the former by the strongly projecting lower jaw and pointed chin, d04 CICHLIDZ. from the latter by the larger eye, the diameter of which is 33 (young) to 5 times in length of head and equal, or nearly equal, to width of scaly Paratilapia prognatha, Type (F.N.) 2. part of cheek. Dorsal XIV-XVI 8-10. ‘Scales 32-36 ae lateral . 19-21 : ae: lines 5; 44. Coloration similar to that of P. serranus, one or two dark lateral stripes being usually present. Total length 170 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile.—Types in Paris Museum. 1, 2. Two of the types. Kavirondo Bay. M. Alluaud (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). 3-10. Ad., her, & yg. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 11-12. Ad. Bunjako. ‘5 13-14. Ad. L. Victoria. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 15-16. Ad. & yg. L. Salisbury. Sir F. J. Jackson (P.). 18. PARATILAPIA SERRANUS. Hemichromis serranus, Pfeft. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 23 (1896). Paratilapia serranus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 143, and 1901, ii. p. 161 (part.) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, 1904, p. 265 ; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 471, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 1 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 65. Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head, 25% to 4 times in total length. Head 24 to 2} times as long as broad; lower jaw feebly projecting ; snout as long as broad or a little longer than broad, with straight or convex upper profile, 1 (young) to 14 times as long as eye, which is 33 (young) to 5 times in length of head, 1 to 13 PARATILAPIA. 330 times in interorbital width, and not less than depth of preorbital ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 to 6 series, the outer, in the adult, large, unicuspid, and curved, the others small and all unicuspid or tricuspid, or a part unicuspid and a part tricuspid; in the young, outer teeth bicuspid, inner tricuspid ; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to ora little greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, largest more or less distinctly T- or anvil-shaped in the adult, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—X VII 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about $ to 4 length of head; longest soft rays 4 to # length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal in the adult, often a little longer in the young. Fig. 225. Pre Paratilapia serranus. L. Victoria (F. N.). 2: Pectoral 2 to nearly once length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal in females, outer soft ray more or less produced in males. Caudal truncate, some- times obliquely and with the lower angle rounded. Caudal peduncle 13 to ae eee 2 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 83-45 543; lateral lines are Olive-brown above, yellowish white beneath; usually two more or less distinct brown or black bands on each side, sometimes broken up, the upper from the nape to the upper side of the caudal peduncle, the lower from the black opercular spot to the root of the caudal fin; a dark vertical bar may be present below the eye; young sometimes with ill-defined dark bars across the back ; some males with the belly blackish; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, often with small round darker spots ; ventral and anal grey or blackish in males, bright 336 CICHLID_E. yellow in females; males usually with two or three yellow ocellar spots edged with red on the anal. Total length 200 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile, Lake Albert Edward.—Type in Hamburg Museum. 1-9, 10. Ad., her.,& yg. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). ih td: Buganga. 12-17, 18-27. Ad., hgr., Entebbe. & yg. 28. Skel. - 55 29-38. Ad., hgr., & yg. Nsonga (Buss). 39-40. Ad. & her. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 41. Yg. Kisumu Bay, Kavi- A. Blayney Percival, Esq. rondo. (Pos 42-45. Ad. & yg. L. Victoria. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 46-47, Ad. & yg. 3 Col. Delmé Radcliffe (P.). 48-50. Ad. & her. Jinja, Ripon Falls. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 50-52. Ad. L. Albert Edward. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C, African Exped. Paratilapia guarti. Entebbe (F.N.). 3. 19. PARATILAPIA GUIARTI. Tilapia guiarti, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 184, pl. xvi. fig. 1. Paratilapia guiarti, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 473, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 2 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 67. Astatotilapia guiarti, Pellegr. Mém, Soc. Zool, France, xxii, 1910, p. 290. PARATILAPIA. Sot Very closely related to the preceding, but mouth not quite reaching to below anterior border of eye, and caudal fin truncate in the young, feebly but distinctly emarginate in the adult. ‘Teeth of outer series bicuspid in the young, very rarely in the adult, unicuspid in the latter ; the other teeth tricuspid. Coloration and sexual differences as in P. serranus, but dark longitudinal bands constantly absent. ‘Total length 200 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-—Type in Paris Museum. 1-16. Ad.,hgr., & yg. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 72 Skelt. *5 a 18-19. Ad. & her. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 20. Her. Buddu Coast. Mr. M. Simon (C.). 7g Uae a Kisuma Bay, Kavirondo. A. Blayney Percival, Esq. (P.). 22. Ad, L. Victoria. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 23-24. Her. & yg. Jinja, Ripon Falls. 53 3 20. PARATILAPIA BAYONI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) iv. 1909, p. 304, fig., and v. 1911, p. 65. Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head, 24 to 34 times in total length. Head 24 to 23 times as long as broad; lower jaw slightly projecting; snout longer than broad, with straight upper profile, 1} (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 34 (young) to 5 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width, and equal to depth of preorbital ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, inner very small, outer large and few, almost canine-like in the middle part of the jaws (bi- or tricuspid in the young); 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. 9 or 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, some T-shaped. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-10; spines rather feeble, in- creasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to 2 length of head; longest soft ray 3 to } length of head. Anal IIT 9-10; third spine 1 to 4 length of head. Pectoral § to # length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal in the female, produced into a very long filament in the male. Caudal rounded- subtruncate. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1§ times as long as deep. Seales 33 CICHLIDX. feebly denticulate, 31-34 *~; lateral lines — Brownish above, 10-12 > whitish beneath ; a blackish opercular spot; soft dorsal and caudal with series of round dark spots between the rays; two bright ocellar spots on the anal in the male. Total length 180 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-—Types in Genoa Museum. 1. One of the types. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) 5 Genoa Museum (P.). 2-5. Her. & yg. Bululo, L. Kioga. _ sf Paratilapia bayon. Type (Ann. Mus. Gen. 1909). . 21. PARATILAPIA CHILOTES. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 68, pl. il. fig. 2. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 22 times. Head 2} times as long as broad; snout pointed, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, 13 times as long as eye, which is 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds least depth of preorbital ; jaws equal in front; maxillary not extending to below anterior border of eye; lips very thick, both produced into a globular swelling projecting beyond the mouth; teeth very small, conical, 24 to 30 in outer row of upper jaw, followed by a few irregularly disposed minute teeth in the middle; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width 39 ©3 PARATILAPIA. of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on Jower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head; longest soft rays nearly 3 length of head. Anal IIL 8-9; third spine longest, as long as last dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, nearly reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 13 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales rather strongly ° ‘ © 5 1 20-2 denticulate, 31-32 2,; lateral lines ae 12? beneath ; six or seven dark transverse bars, crossed by a dark Brownish above, whitish Fig. 228. Paratilapia chilotes. Type (Ann. Mus. Gen. 1911). longitudinal band extending from the eye to the caudal fin; fins brownish, anal with three round bright spots. "Total length 98 millim. Victoria Nile at Ripon Falls.—Type in Genoa Museum, 1. One of the types. Jinja. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 22. PARATILAPIA PECTORALIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 66, pl. 1. fig. 2. Depth of body a little less than length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, 1? diameters of eye, which is 43 times in length of head, 14 times in inter- orbital width, and equals least depth of preorbital ; jaws equal in front ; 340 CICHLIDZ. maxillary extending to below anterior third of eye; teeth conical, in 3 series, of outer row rather large, the others very small; 6 or 7 series of scales on the cheek ; the depth of the scaly part below the eye equal to diameter of latter. Gill-rakers rather short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch, some anyil-shaped. Dorsal XV 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 length of head; longest soft rays a little over 3 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine longest, a little shorter but stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral § length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Paratilapia peetoralis, Type (Ann. Mus. Gen. 1911). 3. Scales feebly denticulate, very small on nape and on pectoral region, o7 as lateral lines ae Reddish brown above, lighter between two dark lateral bands, the lower of which is the better marked and extends from the opercular spot to above the lower lateral line; a rather ill- definea dark bar below the eye; gular and pectoral regions dark brown ; pectorals whitish; ventrals black ; the greater part of the anal bright yellow, with three large ocellar spots; dorsal and caudal brown, the latter with the lower corner yellow. Total length 185 millim. Victoria Nile at Ripon Falls.—Type in Genoa Museum. PARATILAPIA. 341 23. PARATILAPIA MACULIPINNA. Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvii. 1913, p. 311. Depth of body equal to length of head, 22 times in total length. Snout as long as eye, 3} times in length of head; lower jaw strongly projecting ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 series of conical teeth ; 3 series of scales on the cheek. 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 8; spines scarcely increasing in length after the sixth, last } length of head. Anal III 8; third spine stronger but not longer than last dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, extend- ing to vertical of origin of anal. Caudal rounded-subtruncate. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 33 ae lateral lines = Brown above, silvery beneath ; 5 dark cross-bars, intersected by a longitudinal dark band on the posterior part of the body; two series of spots on the dorsal. Total length 156 millim. Lake Victoria.—Type in Paris Museum. 24, PARATILAPIA VICTORIANA. Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1903, p. 185, and Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvii. 1905, p. 182, pl. xvi. fig. 3; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 474, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 3 (1907); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xxi. 1910, p. 290 ; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 67. Depth of body equal or nearly equal to length of head, 23 to 3 times in total length. Head 2 to 2} times as long as broad ; snout deeper than long, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, equals or nearly equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; jaws equal in front, or lower feebly projecting, upper extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 4 or 6 series, outer largest and feebly curved, 40 to 50 in upper jaw, all unicuspid or some or all of the inner tricuspid; in the young, some of the outer teeth may bear a small lateral cusp; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short and stout, some anvil-shaped or bifid, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9-10; five or six last spines equal in length, } to 3 length of head; longest soft rays } to % length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long or nearly as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, extending beyond vertical of origin of 23 Bou II/III 342 CICHLID.%. anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 11 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 33-40 —- lateral lines =a Greyish or olive above, silvery white beneath; indistinct traces of darker cross-bands sometimes present ; a feebly marked dark opercular spot; a dark bar sometimes present below the eye; dorsal and caudal fins grey, the soft part of the former and the upper half of the latter with round darker spots ; ventrals and Paratilapia victoriana, Bunjako (F.N.). £. anal yellow in females; males with the ventral black and the anal red, the latter with two or three orange ocellar spots. Total length 140 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile.—Type in Paris Museum. 1-5. Ad. Bunjako, Mr. E. Degen (C.). 6-7. Ad. Entebbe. es 8-10. Ad. & her. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.); Genon Museum (P.). 11-15. Ad. & hgr. Jinja, Ripon Falls. rh] 9 25. PARATILAPIA GRANTI. Haplochromis granti, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 446. Paratilapia granti, Bouleng. Fishes Nile, p. 476, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body equal to or a little greater than length of head, which is 2? to 54 times in total length. Head about twice as long as broad, upper profile curved; snout broader and deeper than long, as long as eye, which is 34 to 3% times in length of head, equals interorbital width and 14 to 14 times preorbital depth; mouth nearly horizontal or slightly oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite PARATILAPIA. o40 so far; tecth in 6 to 8 series, outer largest and numbering 30 to 50 in upper jaw, all conical or some of the smaller tricuspid in the adult, some of the outer flattened and more or less distinctly bicuspid in the young; 93 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVII 8-9 ; spines equal in length from the seventh or cighth, § to } length of head ; longest soft rays } to % length of head. Paratilapia granti, Type (F. N.). 9 Anal ITI 8-9; third spine stronger than dorsals, 3 to 3 length ‘of head. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, extending to vertical of origin of anal, or not quite so far. Ventral reaching origin of anal. or a 5 ) to) 5 ? little beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 30-35 — ; lateral lines aa Pale olive-brown above, silvery white beneath; chin and throat bright yellow; a blackish opercular spot; a more or less distinct dark streak from the latter to the base of the caudal fin; sometimes a second dark streak higher up on the back ; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, some- times with small light spots between the rays; anal fin yellow, usually with one or two orange ocellar spots edged with red; ventral fins yellow, uniform or outer rays black or blackish. Total length 145 millim. Lake Victoria. 1-5. Types. Bunjako. Mr. EB. Degen ((.). 6. Skel. 5 7-8. Types. Entebbe. Y. Type. Buganga. 344 CICHLID&. 26. PARATILAPIA CINEREA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 439, and Fish. Nile, p. 478, pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body a little greater than length of head, 3 times in total length. Head 2} times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, deeper than long, with steep oblique upper profile, a little shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head, equals interorbital width and twice preorbital depth; mouth slightly oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 4 series, outer largest and feebly curved, 44 in upper jaw, some of the inner more or less distinctly tri- cuspid; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part # diameter Paratilapue conerec. Type (F. N.). of eye. Gill-rakers short, truncate, bi- or tricuspid, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 8; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head; longest soft rays § length of head. Anal III 8; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending a little beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales very feebly denticu- late, 33 a3 lateral lines 7 Grey above and beneath, darker on the back; a blackish opercular spot; fins dark grey, ventrals blackish ; three large round orange spots encircled with red, on the anal fin, Total length 105 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Buganyga. Mr. E. Degen (C.). PARATILAPIA. B45 27. PARATILAPIA CRASSILABRIS. Haplochromis crassilabris, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 445. Paratilapia crassilabris, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 482, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 5 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 68. Depth of body equal to length of head, 2% to 3 times in total length. Head about twice as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as (young) or a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds prorbital depth; mouth not very oblique, with very thick lips, not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 5 or 4 series, 20 to 34 in outer series of upper jaw, outer large and conical Fig. 233. Tilapia evassilabris. Type (F. N.). f. indistinctly bicuspid in the adult, bicuspid in the young, the others minute and conical or tricuspid; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 8-9 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures % to § length of head ; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal III 8—9; third spine stronger and usually a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate or rounded- subtruncate. Caudal pecungre 1} to 14 pune as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 31-33 ai lateral lines +4 102 a Brownish above, silvery white beneath; a rather indistinct dark bar across the nape, in front of the dorsal fin, and more or less distinct traces of two dark longitudinal 346 CICHTLIDA. bands on the body in the adult; back with ill-defined dark cross-bands ; fins greyish ; caudal with small round darker spots, anal with or without small orange ocellar spots. Total length 105 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. 1, 2-4, 5-10. Types. Entebbe. Mr. E. Degen (C,). 11-14. Ad. & hgr. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon.(C.); Genoa Museum (P.). 15-16. Ad. & her. Jinja, Ripon Falls. ss “6 17. Skel. od : i 3 28. PARATILAPIA BICOLOR. Haplochromis bicolor, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 444. 479, Paratilapia bicolor, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. pl. Ixxxix. fig. 1 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 68. Depth of body 22 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 55 times. Head about twice as long as broad, upper profile forming a strong curve; snout short, broader than long, as long as or slightly Paratilapia bicolor. Type (F.N.). 2 se longer than the eye, which is 34 to 44 times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth ae very oblique, with very thick lips, extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 3 to 6 series, 30 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw, the outer large and mostly bicuspid in the young and obtusely conical in the adult, the others uni- or tricuspid ; 3 or 4 series PARATILAPIA. 347 of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short and stout, the larger T-shaped, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 8-10; spines subequal in length from the seventh or eighth, or increasing in Jength to the last, about ? length of head ; longest soft rays 3 to $ length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded-subtruncate, upper rays usually longer than lower. Caudal peduncle 14 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 31-35 ai lateral lines eens. SS ae black sometimes forming irregular cross-bands on the body; one or two Bright yellow, irregularly blotched or marbled with black, the pale yellow ocellar spots sometimes present on the anal fin, Total length 155 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile. 1-10. Types. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 11-14. Types. Buganga. 9 oa Atde Sesse Ids. Dr. Bayon (C2); Genoa Museum (P.). 16. kd: Jinja, Ripon Falls. _ F 29, PARATILAPIA RETRODENS. Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1888, p.:76 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 142; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 267; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 480, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 2 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 67. Tlemichromis retrodens, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 19 (1896). Depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head about twice as long as broad, upper profile convex, strongly curved; snout broader than long, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth not very oblique, with very thick lips, extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 6 to 8 series, 26 to 40 in outer row of upper jaw, outer large and conical in the adult, sometimes oblique on the sides, more or less distinctly bicuspid in the young, the others conical or tricuspid; 4 to 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short and stout, the larger bifid or T- or anvil-shaped, 8 or 9 on lower part of antcrior arch. o48 CICHLID. Dorsal XV-XVI 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures = to } length of head; longest soft rays 3 to 2 length of head. Anal III 9-10; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head or slightly shorter, extending to vertical of origin of anal, or a little beyond. Ventral reaching origin of anal, or a little beyond. Caudal rounded, upper rays usually the longer. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 34-40 ay lateral lines at Coloration very variable, yellow, brownish or olive, with or without dark cross-bands, which may be Paratilapia retrodens. Bunjako (F. N.). intersected by three dark longitudinal bands; often two black bars across the snout, a third across the posterior part of the interorbital region, and a fourth from below the anterior third of the eye to the angle of the mouth; a dark opercular spot usually present; anal sometimes with two or three bright ocellar spots. Total length 165 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-—Type in Berlin Museum. 1-6. Ad. & her. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 7-9. Ad. & her. Entebbe. 10, Ad. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 11-12. Ad. & her. Jinja, Ripon Falls. 13. kel, s) 59 PARATILAPIA. 349 30. PARATILAPIA POLYODON. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) iv. 1909, p. 306, fig., and vy. 1911, p. 68. Depth of body 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. ITead nearly twice as long as broad; snout witli concave upper profile, broader than long, slightly longer than eye, which is 4 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth oblique, with thick lips, extending to below anterior border of Puratilapia polyodon. Type (Ann. Mus. Gen, 1909). 2. N eye or a little beyond ; teeth forming broad villiform bands, in 7 to 10 series ; outer teeth larger but very small, 56 to 70 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine 3 to length of head. Pectoral as long as or slightly shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate or rounded, upper rays the longer. Caudal peduncle slightly : nay 5-6 longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32-35 is-ig; lateral lines 20-22 mass |. Glive-brown, darker above ; pectorals and anal yellowish ; 300 CICHLID.E. ventrals black in males; two bright ocellar spots may be present on the anal. Total length 170 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-—Type in Genoa Museum. 1. One of the types. Sesse Ids. DraED Bayon (CD: Genoa Museum (P.). Di Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. 39 ” 31. PARATILAPIA DORSALIS. Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1902, p. 419, and Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 259, pl. v. fig. 4. Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 2 times. Head with straight upper profile; snout a little shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width and prorbital depth ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye ; teeth in 3 or 4 series; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. 7 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 10; spines subequal from the fourth, which measures $ length of head. Anal III 8; third spine stronger but shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Caudal=—-? Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 27 a lateral lines 7 Yellowish brown; a dark opercular spot ; fins greyish, dorsal with light dots. ‘Total length 80 millim. Upper Congo (Brazzaville).—Type in Paris Museum. 32. PARATILAPIA LUEBBERTI. Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1902, p. 141; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 261. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 25 times in total length. Head with straight upper profile; eye 3% times in length of head, equal to intcrorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 3 series; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers broad and short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 10; last spine longest, $ length of head; longest soft ray about 2 length of head. Anal HII 9. Pectoral hardly 2 length of head, Ventral hardly reaching vent. Caudal rounded. 3 1 “ = Wed 2: Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 26-27 ay PARATILAPIA. 301 lateral lines a Bronze-brown, with an indistinct darker band along each of the lateral lines; a dark spot at the base of the caudal; an ill- detined dark bar from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; a bluish-black opercular spot ; a few dark dots on the soft dorsal and at the base of the anal and caudal; ventrals dark with light edge. Total length 100 millim, German South-West Africa.—Types in Berlin Museum. 33. PARATILAPIA CORBALI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 483. Depth of body 24 to 2% times in total length, length of head 23 times. Head twice as long as broad, with steep, nearly straight upper profile ; snout rounded, as long as broad ora little broader than long, Fig. 237. Paratilupia corbali. . Type. 3. shorter than postocular part of head; eye as long as snout, 34 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width and exceeding preorbital depth ; mouth extending to below anterior boder of eye; teeth rather small, in 5 or 6 series, 50 to 66 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than 302 CICHLID. diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, the largest bifid, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 11-12; spines equal from the eighth, a little less than 4 length of head; longest soft rays } to ? length of head. Anal III 8; third spine 4 to 2 lengthof head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 29 oe lateral lines tas Brownish, young with five indistinct darker cross-bars, and a large dark brown blotch below the last rays of the spinous dorsal; a black opercular spot; smal] light spots on the dorsal and caudal. Total length 150 millim. Portuguese Guinea. 1-2. Types. Corbal River at Chitole. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Fig. 238, } oi): Wey fal \) Vy } Paratilapia codringtont. Type. 34. 34. PARATILAPIA CODRINGTONI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 495. Depth of body twice, or a little less than twice, in total length, 91 length of head 3 to 3} times. Head twice as long as broad, with steep, straight or slightly concave upper profile ; snout rounded. as long as PARATILAPIA, 353 broad, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 5 times in length of head, § interorbital width and a little less than preorbital depth ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye, maxillary slipping nearly entirely under the preorbital; teeth small, in 3 series, 50 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much greater than diameter of eye. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 14-15; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 ora little more than $ length of head; longest soft rays as long as bead. Anal III 10; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral } length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 35-36 = lateral lines —- Brownish, darker on the back, the scales lighter in the centre ; a black opercular spot; dorsal purplish, edged with orange; ventrals purplish; anal and caudal orange. Total length 300 millim. Zambesi. 1-2. Types. Zambesi above Victoria Falls. T. Codrington, Esq. (Pay 3. Skel. zs Fe 35. PARATILAPIA CARLOTTAL. Bouleng. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. iii, 1905, p. 301, pl. xiv. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 or 34 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly concave upper profile, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head, 13 times as long as eye, which is 4 or 4} times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, and equals depth of preeorbital ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 4 series, about 40 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns. Gill-rakers short, the largest T-shaped, J1 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 12-13; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly 2 length of head and 4 to % longest soft rays. Anal III 9-10: third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 304 CICHLID. as long as deep or slightly deeper than long. Scales finely denticulate, 33-34 ae lateral lines a Dark brown above, white beneath; a black opercular spot; vertical fins with round black spots; paired fins whitish, ventrals black in the males. Total length 255 millim. Zambesi near Victoria Falls.—Type in 8. African Museum, 1-2. Ad. Kafue R. Drd. DUP? Gilehristices: Fig. 239. Paratilapra carlotte, Type (Aun. S. Atr. Mus. 1905). 2. 36. PARATILAPIA GIBBICEPS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xviii. L911, p. 411, pl. xliii. tig. 1. Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 33 to 34 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad, upper profile very convex above the eye; snout rounded, a little broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 43 to 44 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, equal to preorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in outer series rather small, about 6( in upper jaw, followed by 2 series of minute teeth; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little greater than diameter of eye. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns. Gill-rakers short, posterior T-shaped, 10 or 1} on lower part of anterior arch, Dorsal Qn PARATILAPIA. 39 XV 12-13; spines increasing in length to the last, which is } length of head; longest soft rays nearly as long as head. Anal III 10; third spine 2 length of head. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than Jong. 21-23 Seales cycloid, 31-33 a lateral lines j343. Olive above, pale green beneath, with a purplish-brown bar at the base of the scales; pectorals Fig. 240. Paratilapia gibbiceps. Dyper(ireZSeloll). 2s: pale olive, ventrals dark olive; dorsal, anal, and caudal greyish ; dorsal edged with red, the soft part with regular series of round purplish- brown spots; similar spots on the caudal; anal with round pink spots. Total length 200 millim. Lake Ngami Basin. 1-2. Types. Okovango R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 37. PARATILAPIA FREDERICI. Chromys frederici, Casteln. Mém. Poiss, Afr. Austr. p. 15 (1861). Chromidotilapia (7) frederici, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 11. Paratilapia frederici, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 409, pl. xxxix. fig. 1. Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice, or a little over twice, as long as broad, upper profile slightly 356 CICHLID®. concave in front of the eyes; snout rounded, as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than postocular part of head; eye 5 to 53 times in length of head, 14 to 1} times in interorbital width, less than preorbital depth; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in outer series rather small, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by one or two irregular series of minute teeth confined to the anterior part of the jaws ; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns. Gill- rakers short, knob-like or anvil-shaped, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 13-14; spines increasing in length to the last, which is about 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 3 to length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine 4 length of head. Pectoral 2 to # Fig. 241. Paratilapia frederict. Okovango R. (Tr. ZS. 1911). 3. length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reach- ing vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 39-34 3 , lateral lines rae Olive above, paler beneath, with or without a vertical brown bar at the base of each scale; some- times with a blackish lateral band, which may be traversed by eight blackish vertical bars; dorsal green or olive, sometimes edged with red, with round yellowish-brown spots on the soft part; anal green or pink, with numerous round pinkish-white spots; pectorals lake-red, ventrals olive-green. ‘Total length 210 millim. Lake Negami Basin.—Type lost. 1-3. Ad. Okoyango R. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). PARATILAPIA. 307 38. PARATILAPIA SMITHITI. ? Chromys smithii, Casteln. Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 16 (1861). Paratilapia smithti, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xviii. 1911, p. 410, pl. xxxix. fig. 2. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile slightly concave in front of eyes; snout rounded, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head ; eye 4 to 4$ times in length of head, 14 to 14 times in inter- orbital width, equal to preorbital depth ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in outer series rather small, 52 to 64 in upper Jaw, followed by one or two series of minute teeth; 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Paratilapia snathr. Okovango R. (Tr. ZS. 1911). 3. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns, Gill-rakers short, knob- like, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XV 12-13; spines increasing in length to the last, which is about 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 4 to # length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine about 4 length of head. Pectoral ? to # length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or anal, or not so far. Caudal rounded-subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid or indistinctly denticulate, 33-34 aay lateral lines seth Brown to blackish above, yellowish or dark grey beneath; vertical fins olive-grey or dark brown, with round 24 Bou II/III 298 CICHLID: dark or ocellar spots forming single scrics between the rays; pectorals greyish olive; ventrals greyish olive or blackish. Total length 220 millim. Lake Ngami Basin.—Type lost. 1—3.. Ad. Okovango lh. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. ((.). #3. wel. 3° 9 29, PARATILAPIA MELLANDI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvi. 1905, p. 646. Depth of body 23 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. ITead a little over twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, with Fig. 243. Paratilapia mellandi. Type. 3. straight upper profile, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head, 13 to 1} times as long as eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of head, and equals interorbital width or preorbital depth; mouth mcderate, extending to betwcen nostril and eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer largest, 56 to 50 in upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye ora little more. Lower pharyngeal teeth with spherical crowns. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 13-14; spines increasing in length to the seventh or to the last, which measures 3 to nearly } length of head ; longest soft rays about 2 length of head. Anal III 9-10; PARATILAPEA. 309 third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded, Caudal peduncle as long as = v) © L4 o3-43 e A ess} ° . deep. Scales cycloid, 34-37 F453; lateral lines 7544. Brownish, with or without nine rather indistinct dark bars; dorsal fin edged with yellowish ; soft dorsal and caudal with numerous round blackish spots ; anal with round white or brownish (red?) spots; ventrals blackish. Total length 200 millim. Lake Bangwelu and Upper Zambesi *. Le Type. ].. Bangwelu. I. H. Melland, Hsq., and Father Foulon (P.). 2-3. Ad. py I, H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 40. PARATILAPIA NOTOTAINTA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 69; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 264. Depth of body 22 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head twice as long as broad, with strongly curved upper profile; snout rounded, a little broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 4 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width or preorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 5 series, outer largest, about 70 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures a little more than 3 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine 3 length of head. Caudal scaly, feebly but distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle nearly 1} times as long as broad. Scales finely denticulate, 36 a lateral lines 7 Brown above, white beneath; a blackish band along each side of the back, above the lateral line; dorsal fin with regular series of round brown spots between the rays; anal and ventrals blackish. Total length 230 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. I. Nyassa. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore ((.). * T have examined a specimen from the Kafue River, preserved in the Bulawayo Museum. 360 CICHLIDZ. 41. PARATILAPIA DIMIDIATA. Chromis lateristriga, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 312. Temichromis dimidiatus, Giinth. t. ¢. p. 313. Paratilapia dimidiata, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 145; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 264. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head 24 to 24 times as long as broad, with straight or slightly curved upper profile; lower jaw projecting; snout rounded, as Jong as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 44 to 54 times in length of head, 14 to 14 times in inter- orbital width, equal to or a little less than preorbital depth ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer moderate or rather large, 40 to 60 in upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or greater than Fig. 244. WAKA i ae Lees HENS Paratilapia dimidiata, L. Nyassa. 2. diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVIII 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } length of head; longest soft rays } to } length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine as long as middle dorsals. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not extending to vertical or origin of anal. Ventral not reaching beyond vent. Caudal densely scaled, feebly but distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1§ to 13 times as long as deep. Scales cycloid or very indistinctly denticulate, 34-36 = : Pe; : lateral lines j=43. Olive-brown above, silvery white beneath ; a blackish PARATILAPIA. v6] stripe along each side, either from the gill-cover to the base of the caudal or from below the origin of the dorsal, above the lateral line, to the base of the caudal; a blackish spot on each side of the snout and another on the operculum ; fins whitish or greyish, dorsal often with brown spots. Total length 240 millim. Lake Nyassa aud Upper Shiré River. 1. Skin, type. L. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (C.). 2. Skin, one of the types of 3 Dr. Livingstone (C.) ; C. lateristriga. Earl Russell (P.). 3. Ad. ” Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 4. Skel. af ss 5-6. Ad. . Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). Te A: Upper Shiré. Dr. Percy Rendall (C.) Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). Fig. 245. WS Paratilapia rhoadesi. [SS Type. 4. 42, PARATILAPIA RHOADESII. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 239. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; lower jaw not or but slightly projecting; snout rounded, as long as broad, as long as postocular part of head; eye 5 to 53 times in length of head, 2 to 23 times in length of snout, 1} to 13 times in interorbital width, 2 pre- orbital depth ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 362 CICHLED A. teeth in 4 or 5 series, outer rather small, about $0 in upper jaw ; 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 1} diameters of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 12; spines equal from the eighth or ninth, not quite $ length of head; longest soft rays 2 to % length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsals. Pectoral a little shorter thau head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or not quite so far. Ventral not reaching beyond vent. Caudal densely scaled, distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales very finely denticulate, 37-38 ;32;3 lateral lines (248. Dark green above, pale green or silvery below, with seven or eight ill-defined darker vertical bars on the body; a blackish opercular spot; dorsal green, edged with yellow, with round darker spots; anal and ventrals green, edged with yellow, or yellow; pectorals yellow. Total length 360 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-2. Types. L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 43. PARATILAPIA CHRYSONOTA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 239. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave upper profile; snout rounded, as long as broad, as long as ora little shorter than postocular part of head; eye 22 to 3 times in length of head, a little exceeding interorbital width and nearly double least depth of preorbital ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, in 5 or 4 series, 60 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 4 to 3 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, closely set, 17 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays § to § length of head. Anal III 10-11; third spine about 2 length of head. Pectoral as long as head or a little longer, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Caudal scaly, distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales finely denticulate, 3-3} 99 9 07 : 32-34 755; lateral lines j-j35. Females brownish above and silvery white beneath, with three black spots on each side, the first below the middle of the spinous dorsal, the second below the soft dorsal, the third PARATILAPIA. 905 at the base of the caudal; these spots less distinct in males, which are much darker, sometimes blackish brown above and below, with the top of the head and back golden yellow, and with the dorsal and anal fins yellow, usually black at the base, or with round black spots on the soft portion of the dorsal; pectorals yellowish, ventrals yellowish in females, often black in males. Total length 150 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1-20. Types. LL. Nvassa. Capt. E. LL. Rhoades (?P.). a 22. Okels. 4s 3 23-25. Ad. a Sir HL. HL. Johnston (P.). Paratilapia chryscnota. Type. 44, PARATILAPIA INTERMEDIA. Tlemichromis intermedius, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 312. Paratilapia intermedia, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 145; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 269. Depth of body 23 to 2? times in total length, length of head 3 to 53 times. Head 2 to 21 times as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave upper profile; snout rather pointed, as long as broad or a little longer than broad, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 3 to 4 times in length of head, equal to or rather more than interorbital width, 364 CICHLID.X. exceeding preorbital depth; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, outer largest, 50 to 80 in upper jaw; 2 or 3. series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, closely set, 23 to 27 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVIII 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures $, or a little less than 3 length of head; longest soft rays usually $ to $ length of head, sometimes quite as long as head. Anal III 9-12; third spine 3 to 3 length of head. Pectoral as long as head or a little shorter, not Paratilapia intermedia. , 2 Type. 2. extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent, or produced beyond origin of anal. Caudal more or less scaly, distinctly emarginate, Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little longer than 99 9 deep. Scales finely denticulate, 33-36 aay lateral lines — upper often extending to the caudal peduncle, where it is separated from the lower by a single series of scales. Pale olive to dark brown, with a more or less distinct blackish spot under the lateral line, below middle of spinous dorsal, and another at base of caudal; sometimes a third between the two lateral lines, below soft dorsal; usually a blackish opercular spot; dorsal and anal dark brown, with or without round PARATILAPIA. 365 light spots, in males with a broad yellow edge; pectorals yellowish, ventrals dark brown or biack. Total length 200 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Skin, type. L. Nyassa. Sir J. Kirk (C.). 2-7. Ad. & hgr. ¥ Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 8. Skel. 5 9-10. Ad. Between Kondowe and A. Whyte, Esq. (C.) ; Karonga. Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 45. PARATILAPIA SCHWEBISCHILI. Hemichromis schwebischi, Sauy. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 198, pl. v. fig. 2. Paratilapia schwebischi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 144; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 268. Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 2? to 22 times. Ifead about twice as long as broad; snout with concave upper profile, a little more than twice as long as eye, which is 54 times in length of head and twice in interorbital width ; mouth extending a little beyond the vertical of the nostril; teeth in broad bands, in 5 series, 80 to 84 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather short, 20 to 22 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which is a little less than 4 as long as head and # length of longest soft rays. Anal III 9. Pectoral as long as head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 29-30 = lateral lines aa Olive, scales on posterior part of body golden in the centre; spinous dorsal marbled with purplish; posterior part of soft dorsal and caudal with blue spots; pectorals and ventrals whitish. Total length 320 millim. Upper Ogowe.—lype, in Paris Museum, examined. 46. PARATILAPIA VENTRALIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 13, pl. iii. fig. 3, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 424 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 270 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 563. Depth of body 2} to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 times. 366 CICHLID-%. Head twice as long as broad; snout with curved upper profile, rounded, broader than long, as long as postocular part of head, shorter than eye, which is 22 to 2? times in length of head, equals interorbital width and 3 times preorbital depth ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth very small, in 2 or 3 series, 70 to 90 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not 4 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, 17 to 19 on lower part of anterior area. Dorsal XII-XIII 12-14; spines subequal from the eighth or ninth, which measures nearly } length of head and # to 4 longest soft rays. Anal I1I 9-10; third spine about 3 length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of i Paratilapia ventralis. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 2. origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral produced into a very long filament, which, in males, is bifid at the end and may reach the caudal fin. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 34-36 aii lateral lines rats the upper extending to the caudal peduncle, or to the root of the caudal. Greyish brown to blackish, with or without irregular darker or lighter spots; fins grey or dorsal and anal blue-green edged with blackish ; ventrals of males black, with the end bright yellow. Total length 92 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika, PARATILAPIA, 367 1. Type. Mbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 2-7. Types. Kinyamkolo. 55 8. Ad. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 9, Skel. a Z 47, PARATILAPIA DEWINDTI. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv..1899, p. 88, pl. xviii. fig. 2, Ann, Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 141, pl. lili. fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 424 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mem. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 271; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 563. Depth of body equal to length of head, 23 to 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout with curved upper profile, rounded, broader than long, as long as postocular part of head, shorter than eye, Paratilapia dewindti. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1899). which is 22 to 22 times in length of head, exceeds interorbital width, and equals 3 times prorbital depth; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth very small, in 3 or 4 series, 80 to 90 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not 4 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long, 17 to 19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII-XIII 12-15; spines subequal from the eighth or ninth, which measures 3 to 3 length of head, and } to $ length of longest soft rays. Anal III 9; third spine 2 length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal, Ventral produced into a flament, reaching beyond origin of anal. o 368 CICHLID-F. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 36-38 au: lateral lines — the upper extending to the caudal peduncle, or to the root of the caudal. Grey or olive above, white beneath; four yellow stripes along each side; pectorals yellowish, other fins dark grey or blackish. Total length 100 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Moliro. Capt. Lemaire (C.). a Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 3. Ad, Lofu R. 99 Puratilapia furcifera. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1898). 48. PARATILAPIA FURCIFERA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xv. 1898, p. 14, pl. iv. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p.425 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 273; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 563. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout with curved upper profile, rounded, broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 22 to 3 times in ’ ‘ Py 9 o PARATILAPIA. 369 length of head, equals interorbital width, and nearly 3 times preorbital depth ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, in 3 series, 60 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 serics of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not half diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 14 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XIV 12-14; spines thin, slender, increasing in length to the ninth or tenth, which measures a little less than 4 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine ? length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral much produced, reaching caudal or nearly as far. Caudal with deep crescentic notch, the outer rays more or less produced. Caudal peduncle 13 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 60-64 ant lateral lines — the upper extending to the caudal peduncle, or nearly to the base of the caudal. Bluish or olive above, silvery white below; gill-cover yellow; yellow streaks may be present on the body; dorsal and anal with yellow streaks; caudal yellow, with dark upper and lower margins. Total length 135 millim,. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. FE. 8. Moore (C.). 3. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4. Ad. Sumbu. e 5. Skel. - 3 49. PARATILAPIA STENOSOMA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vil. 1901, p.-2)'TtZool. Soe.’ xvi. 1901, p. 151, pl. xvi. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 426 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 272; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. d64. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 22 to 3 times in total length. Head 25 to 23 times as long as broad; lower jaw pro- jecting ; snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, shorter than postocular part of head, nearly as long as eye, which is 33 to 3} times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, 90 to 100 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 3 to § diameter of eye. Gill-rakers rather long and closely set, 19 to 28 on. lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 13 ; 370 CICHLID. spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2 length of head; soft rays only a little longer, unless produced into filaments. Anal III 12-14; third spine a little shorter but stouter than last dorsal. Pectoral + to 3 length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales cycloid or indistinctly denticulate, 60-69 aes lateral lines as the upper extending to caudal peduncle or to root of caudal. Brownish above; silvery white Fig. 251. Paratilapia stenosoma. Type (Tr. Z.S. 1901). 4. beneath, with or without blackish spots and longitudinal bands; dorsal blackish at the tips of the rays, Total length 240 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. S. end of L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 3. Type. Maswa, S. of Ujiji. . 4. Ad. Kaboge. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 50. PARATILAPIA MICROLEPIS. Tilapia microlepis, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 94, pl. xx. fig. 3, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 151, pl. lv. fig. 3 (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 478 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 158, and xvii. 1906, p. 572. Boulengerochromis microlepis, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 304. Depth of body 31 to 4 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad, with feebly curved upper profile; snout obtusely pointed, longer than broad, as long as PARATILAPIA. oll postocular part of head, 1} to 2 diameters of eye, which is continued 4 to 5 times in length of head, 1 to 15 times in interorbital width and does not exceed preorbital depth; mouth extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth small, in 4 or 5 series, outer bicuspid in the young, 60 to 90 in upper jaw; 7 or 8 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part nearly equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Gill- vakers rather short, 15 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 13-15; spines subequal from the fifth or sixth, } to 4 length of head; longest soft rays about 2? length of head. Anal III Fig. 252. Pauratilapia microlepis. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). 9-10; third spine as long as and stronger than longest dorsals. Pectoral] 3 to & Jength of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral widely separated from vent. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 9-10 as : : : Pe : . : See a SS odens : (5-90 5. 443 lateral lines 375. Light olive-brown above, white beneath; traces of dark bars across the back and four round blackish spots on -54 each side of the body, the fourth on the caudal peduncle; fins yellowish or pale brown. Total length 440 millim. ; grows to 610 or more. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Moliro. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 2. Ac. Kalambo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore ((.). 3-4. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). a. kel. Albertville. Capt. Heceq (C.). CICHLID. vo —I bo 51. PARATILAPIA LEPTOSOMA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 14, pl. iii. fig. 4, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 427 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 271. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 23 to 2} times as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave upper profile; snout obtusely pointed, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3$ to 3% times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and much exceeds preorbital depth; mouth very protractile, premaxillary processes very long and extending to between orbits ; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; teeth small, in 3 series, about 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about } diameter Fig. 253. e 2 CERRO WSS EN ; ne age Paratilapia leptosoma. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 2. of eye. Gill-rakers long and closely set, about 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII-XIV 14-16; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures ? length of head and nearly equals longest soft rays. Anal IIL 10-12; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to # length of head, reaching or nearly reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denticulate, 39-42 oe lateral lines eS | Brown above, lighter beneath; dorsal and anal with or without brown longitudinal streaks ; caudal often spotted with brown or black at the base. ‘Total length 92 millim. Lake Tanganyika. Mbete. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). a LY pes Kinyamkolo. ms » ) 4-6. Ad. Msambu. " 7 PARATILAPIA. ) 52. PARATILAPIA NIGRIPINNIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 3, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 428 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 152, pl. xix. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 272. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 24 times as long as broad, with slightly concave upper profile ; snout obtusely pointed, as long as broad, shorter than postocular part of head, as long as eye, which is 34 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and much exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth very protractile, preemaxillary processes very long and extending to between orbits; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small, in 3 series, about 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part hardly 4 diameter of eye. Fig. 254. Paratilapia nigripous. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). Gill-rakers long and closely set, 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVII 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 4 to 3 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal deeply notched, the lobes produced into filaments. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denti- culate, 39-40 = lateral lines a Dark brown, lighter beneath; fins blackish, the caudal edged with white above and beneath. Total length 80 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Msambu. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 25 Bou II/III ~~ dl | — CICHLID. 53. PARATILAPIA CALLIURA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 2, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 422 (1901); and Tr. Zool. Soe. xvi. 1901, p. 151, pl. xix. fig. 3; Pellegr. Mém Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 269. Depth of body 4 to 4} times in total length, length of head 3 to 33 times. Head 24 times as long as broad, with straight or slightly convex upper profile; lower jaw projecting ; snout pointed, as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head, and measures at least twice interorbital width or least preorbital width; mouth very protractile, premaxillary processes very long and extending to between orbits; maxillary extending to below anterior Paratilapia calliura. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). fourth of eye; teeth very small, in 2 series, about 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about 3 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately large, 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays $ to } length of head, Anal III 7-8; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales rather strongly denticulate, 37-40 =. lateral 9-10 ? lines aa. Pale brownish above, silvery beneath ; a blackish opercular spot, dorsal and anal edged with black; 4 or 5 black bars across the caudal; young with black bars across the dorsal. Total length 110 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. Kalambo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 4. Skel. NANNOCHROMIS. 5) 12. NANNOCHROMIS. Pseudoplesiops (non Bleek.), Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 121 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 431 (1901). Nanochromis, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 273. Distinguished from Paratilapia by the position of the upper lateral line, which is much higher up, nearly the whole, or at least a con- siderable part, of its course running along the series of scales contiguous to the base of the dorsal fin. Scales cycloid. Congo. Synopsis of the Species. 2-14 I. 75-3; check ey AICI: Ase thats Naked: ah cs ig er nl Ni eniarceps, lar... 1), 10% D-XVILS> Lat. |. = ; cheek naked or with one or two scales below the eye . . . 2. NV. dimidiatus, Pellegr., p. 376. D. XVIE8; Lat. 1. 545 2 or 3 series of scalesion the cheek .. <0. «2+ /,.« -0s,.¥..squanucens, Blor., p. 370. 1. NANNOCHROMIS NUDICEPS. Pseudoplesiops nudiceps, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 122, pl. xliv. fig. 6 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 431 (1901). Nanochromis nudiceps, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 273. Depth of body 33 to 33 times in total length, length of head 3 to 31 times. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile ; Nannochromis nudiceps. Type (A. M. C.). snout a little longer than eye, which is 34 to 3 times in length of head and a little exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 or 4 series of teeth in upper jaw; head Ge =I i=) CICHLIDA. entirely naked. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVIII—XIX 8; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } length of head; longest soft ray at least 2 length of head. Anal III 7; third spine stronger and longer than last dorsal. Pectoral § length of head. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded, subacuminate. Caudal pedunclea littledeeper than long. Scales 28-29 in longitudinal series, 18-19 in transverse series; lateral lines a. Pale olive-brown above, white beneath ; sometimes a large purple spot on each side of the body; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins usually with transverse series of small brown spots; dorsal and anal edged with blackish. Total length 66 millim. Upper Congo.—Types in Congo Museum, ‘Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Dolo, Stanley Pool. M. P. Delhez (C.). 2. NANNOCHROMIS DIMIDIATUS. Pelmatochromis dimidiatus, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 99. Nanochromis dimidiatus, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 274, plliv. fice 2. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 33 times in total length. Upper profile of head slightly rounded ; snout shorter than eye, which is about 3 times in length of head; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 or 5 series of teeth in upper jaw; cheek naked or with one or two scales below the eye. 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 8; spines subequal from the third. Anal 111 6. Pectoral 3 length of head. Ventral produced into a more or less filiform ray. Caudal rounded, Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 25 in longitudinal series, 13 in transverse series ; lateral lines = Pale brown; a dark lateral band from behind the eye to the caudal; soft parts of vertical fins with series of dark dots between the rays. Total length 62 millim. Banghi, Ubanghi.—Types in Paris Museum. 3. NANNOCHROMIS SQUAMICEPS. Pscudoplesiops squamiceps, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, i. p. 270, pl. xxx. fig, 1s Vanochromis dimidiatus, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 274. © bo | NANNOCHROMIS.—PELMATOCHROMIS. Depth of body 32 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout a little longer than eye, which is 34 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth with broad thick lips, extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 series of teeth in upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek. 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 8; spines subequal from the sixth, barely } length of head ; longest soft rays 3 length of head. Anal III 6; third spine longer than dorsals. Pectoral about 3 length of head. Ventral Nannochromis squamiceps. Type (P. Z. 8. 1882). 2. not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 29 in longitudinal series, 13 or 14 in transverse series; lateral lines ae upper forming an interrupted series. Pale brownish above, white beneath; a dark horizontal streak on each side of the head, behind the eye; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with numerous transverse series of small dark spots. Total length 65 millim. Lindi River, Upper Congo.—-Types in Brussels Museum. 1. One of the types. Lindi R. M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (E.). 13. PELMATOCHROMIS. Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 40; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 147, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 433 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool, France, xvi. 1904, p. 275; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 484 (1907). Chromidotilapia, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 151. Barely distinguishable from Paratilapia by the greater development ef a papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, close to the upper 378 CICHLID&. part of the branchial arches, and appearing as a strong prominence in front of the latter when the gill-cover is lifted up *. Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Lower lateral line at least nearly as long as upper; caudal scaly, truncate or more or less distinctly emarginate ; pectoral usually at least as long as head ; scales cycloid or feebly denticulate. D. XV-XVI 13-15 ; A.IIE 8; Sc. 55-67-37. 1. P. polylepis, Blgr., p. 382. D. XII-XV 16-17; A. IIT 8&9; Se. 40- 45 os % 4 & w woe ate oe8 WD Pe tae D. XIV-XVI 12-14; A. IIL, 7-8; Se. 31- 36 3 Se ww Ee We (acne ky hl as ee cole gl aberales, Iota oOo. 8-14 II. Lower lateral line much shorter than upper, confined to caudal region of body. A. Scales cycloid ; caudal rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate. 1. 12 to 20 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; depth of body 2 to 22 times in total length. D. XIII 11; A. IIT 8-9; Sc. 28-30 55; gill- rakers 18-20 ; teeth in 3 series ; pectoral as long as head . Gj Pcaen, ge spelt D. XV-XVII 9-12; A. III 7-8; Se. 28- 30 aa gill-rakers 12-15; teeth in 2 to 4 series ; pectoral much shorter than head. . 5. P. guentheri, Sauv., p. 388. DOATV ts Awl Ts Ses 28 _ ; gill-rakers 14 ; teeth in 6 or 7 series; pectoral much shorter than head . . .... =. =... OG. P. regant, Pellegr., p. 390. 4, P. congicus, Blgr., p. 386. * Number of vertebra in skeletons examined :— 13412=25. P. subocellutus. 134138=26, P. nigrofasciatus, kingsleye. 13417=30. P. cavifrons. 144+12=26. P. buettikofert. 14413=27. P. quentheri, kribensis, pulcher, 14417=31. P. spekii. 154+15=30. P. lateralis. 15+16=31. P. auritus. 16416=382, P. jentinki. 16418=34. P. macrops. a] PELMATOCHROMIS. Bit 2. 7 to 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. a. Snout as long as or a little longer than eye in the adult ; depth of body 2 to 24 times in total length ; pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head. D. XIV-XV 10-12; A. III 8; Sc. 27-29 223, caudal truncate or slightly emarginate . . 7. P. buettikoferi, Stdr., p. 390. D. XIV-XV 10-12; A. III 8-9; Sc. 27- 29 at ;.cuudal rounded. ts.an8 a.) -.s06 go. 2. ecellyer,bipr., p.ddl. b. Snout longer than eye in the adult; depth of body 2% to 33 times in total length ; pectoral 2 to $ length of head. a. Teeth in 2 to 4 series. DeAIVaX Vi 92112 A. LIP 7-9: Se. 26— 91 28 9-393 gill-rakers 10-11; 3 or 4 series of [ pada. scales on the cheek ; caudal rounded . . . 9. P. nigrofusciatus, Pellegr., DD XIV=XVI 9-11; A. TIE 78 Sel: 27= 9-91 29 fo-ay3 gill-rakers 7-9; 3 or 4 series of [p. 394. scales on the cheek ; caudal rounded. . . 10. P. caudifusciatus, Blgr., D. XIV-XVI 8-10; A. III 6-7; Se. 28- 30 2; gill-rakers 9-10; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek ; caudal subacuminate . 11. P. longirostris, Blgr., p. 395. D. XVI 10-11; A. III 7-8; Se. 254; 4or5 [p. 396. series of scales on the cheek ; caudal rounded 12. P. boulengeri, Lonnb., D. XIV 11; A. III 7; Sc. 332; 5 series of scales on the cheek ; caudal truncate. . . 13. P. welwitschii, Blgr., p. 397. B. Teeth in a single series, or, if in two, the inner very short and irregular. D. XIV-XVI 10-12; A. III 7-9; Se. 27- 30 an gill-rakers 9-12; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek; caudal rounded or rounded-subtruncate . . . . . . . . HP. hingsleye, Blgr., p. 398. c. Snout not longer than eye ; pectoral 3 to # length of head. a. Mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek ; depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length. 2-23 De STV-XV13-10;;) A. IT 6-85, Sc. 20-28 — 7-3 [p. 399. 60-70 teeth in outer series of upper jaw . . 15. P. subocellatus, Gthr., 2 D. XVI-XVII 8-9; A. IIT 6-7; Sec. 27-29’; ; 40-50 teeth in outer series of upper jaw. . 16. DP. kribensis, Blgr., p. 400. DAV XVII 7=8 Al I 7; Se: 28-29 ; ; 60 teeth in outer series of upper jaw... 17. 2. teniatus, Bigr.. pp. £01. me! 380 CICHLID. 8. Mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye. D. XVI 9-10; A. III 7-8; Se. 27-29 — ; depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length ; caudal peduncle as long as deep; snout convex ; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek ; 50-68 teeth in outer series of upper jaw. . 18. P. pulcher, Blgr., p, 402. D. XV-XVI 10-11; A. III 8-9; Sc. 28 73 ; depth of body 2} to 22 times in total length ; caudal peduncle deeper than long ; snout concave ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek ; 60-70 teeth in outer series of upper OW 2 a ew em 6 fs ot 6s & & 19, P.apnold:, BlorszpAel D. XV 9-10; A. III 7-8; Sc. 28-29 23; depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length; caudal peduncle deeper than long ; snout convex; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek ; 50-66 teeth in outer series of upper JOW sn 6 en ee + eae ws a w 205) Piannectens, Bler.,p. 405. D. XV-XVI 10-11; A. III 8; Se. 27-29 2, depth of ee 2} to 22 times in total length; caudal peduncle deeper than long ; snout convex ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek ; 44-56 teeth in outer series of upper VOW ws baht ek» av elk os 2d: Pamasovg, Blen,. peo. B. Scales more or less distinctly denticulate. 1. Caudal rounded, truncate, or feebly emarginate; dorsal with 14 to 17 spines. a. Lower jaw not projecting ; pectoral 2 to 4 length of head. a. 6 to 9 series of scales on the cheek ; caudal rounded. [p. 407. D. XIV 14; A. IIT 8-9; Se. 29-30%... 29. P. multidens, Pellegr., D. XIV-XV 12-13; A. III 9-10; Se. 33- 34 3S c) B e Meia Gow wow) le 2 BO. Pe angolensts, stdr., p.408; 8. 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. * Caudal rounded or subtrancate. DD. XVI-10; A. TIL Oe Se. 32 i ; pectoral [p. 409. not extending to vertical or origin of anal . 24. P. multiocellatus, Blgr., D. XV 11; A. III 8; Se. 382 ee pectoral extending to vertical of origin of anal. . 25. 2. darling’, Blgv.. p. 410. PELMATOCHROMIS. 381 ** Caudal truncate. D. XV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-10; Sc. 30- 33 ai pectoral extending to vertical of origin of anal. . 26. P. riponianus, Blgr., p. 411, b. Lower jaw not projecting ; pectoral at least as long as head ; caudal truncate or re pee: DX Ve Oise Ay TUL 78 Se: = «3 ‘series vof scales on the cheek ; me of body 3 times imtotbiengthy i ) a. es) te etl. Muecrodon, DIst., Pp. ale. De XV"9 Ay TIES=9)> Se: 32 3 77 ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the ey ; depth of body 2 to Ze itimessin- total lenpthe™ 2.0) ©2N 28. Ps obesus, Blgr.,'ps aid. . XV-XVII 9-10; A. III 8; Sc. 33-37 233; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek ; depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length . . . 29. P. auritus, Blgr., p. 410. ss c. Lower jaw projecting in the adult ; pectoral 3 to % length of head ; eandal rounded. D, XV-XVI 8-10; A. III 8-10; Sc. 30- 34 ve 3 to 5 series of scales on the Cack. i. «+ ue Me umn ae Ome spent blon., p. 416, De Rey ee eA. LEE 8 Sco oe 6 series of sealeson theicheek < . 2 . © jo -o. dl. LP. flavipinnis, Bigr., p. 418. D. XVERVE 8-10; A. TIT 8=9% “Se! 37= 6-8 45 Tscie 3 5 or 6 series of scales on the Glee lees, oc. 5 “open Mat Oo) (el Mehticun to Mer Souk nCavtymons, Aloe, pe 40. 2. Caudal rounded ; dorsal with 18 or 19 spines. D. XVITI-XIX 8-9; A. III 7-8; Se. 34- 36 ee pectoral as long as or longer than the liond By pace cect Worm er sc, pe Oot = prontosus, Dign «ms a20: 3. Caudal deeply emarginate ; dorsal with 12 to 16 spines ; eye very large ; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek. D. XV-XVI 10-13; A. III 6-7; Se. 33— 38 ae ; 60 to 70 teeth in outer series of Upper jaws au ls. Sieree eevee ott sites Otel. sacrops, igrs piazi. D. XHI-XIV 12-13; A. ITI 8-9; Sce.. 34- 38 a nae ; 64 to 80 teeth in outer series of upper jaw; maxillary not reaching vertical of anterior border of eye. . . . . . . 30. P. stappersu, Blgr., p. 423. (SX) GO 1) CICHLID.E. D. XIJ-XIIT 12-13; A. IIT 7-8; Se. 32- 35 50 to 60 teeth in outer series of [p. 423. Upper awe. wet I WL) 2 SGN es pleurospilus Dlers D. XTIL 12-14; A. III 6-8; Sc. 32-35 2 ; [p. 424. 40 to 50 teeth in outer series of upper jaw . 37. P. rhodostigma, Blgr., 1. PELMATOCHROMIS POLYLEPIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 143, pl. hi. fig. 1 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 433 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 277 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 566, pl. xxxvii. fig. 2. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 13 to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or convex upper profile, as long as broad or a little longer than broad, Pelmatochromis polylepis. Type (A. M.C.). 4. 1 (young) to 12 times as long as eye, which is 3 to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, and equals or exceeds prie- orbital depth; mouth rather small, extending to between vertical of nostril and eye; teeth small, in 4 or 5 series, 40 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw. 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a litle less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, broad, tubercular, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 15-16; spines moderately strong, subequal from the sixth or seventh, which Yo PELMATOCHROMIS. 38 measures 4 to 2 length of head (in young, third to fifth spines longest, 1 length of head); longest soft rays 4 to } lengthof head. Anal III 8; spines very strong, third } to 2 length of head, Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching vent. Caudal scaly, rather deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Scales cycloid or feebly denticulate, 6-8 55-67 3 ; lateral lines — the lower extending far forward. 16-19 - Golden, greyish brown, or olive-brown above, with or without 5 or 6 more or less distinct darker bars on the body; dorsal, and sometimes also anal and caudal, with reddish or purplish brown streaks or a wide- meshed network. Total length 300 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 3. Type. Kibwesi. me 4-5. Ad. & yg. Mtondwe Bay. Dr. W. A. Cunnirgton (C.). 6. Ad. Niamkolo. 7-8. Hgr. & yg. Mouth of Little Rusisi R. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 9-10. Ad. & yg. Vua Bay. 99 2. PELMATOCHROMIS JENTINKI. Paratilapia (Pelmatochromis) jentinkii, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 43, plediig. 1. Pelmatochromis jentinki, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 148, and 1900, p. 516; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 277, and Aun. Instit. Océanogr. wie-4, 1914; p59, pl. ii. figs J. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3+ times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, as long as broad, as long as or longer than eye, which is 24 to 34 times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, and equals or exceeds preorbital depth; mouth rather small, extending to between vertical of nostril and eye ; teeth small, in 2 to 4 series, 40 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of, scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much less than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, broad, tubercular, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 16-17; spines rather slender, rapidly increasing in length in front and slightly behind, last about $ length of head ; longest 384 CICHLIDA. soft rays about 2 to % length of head. Anal III 8-9; spines much stronger than dorsals, third 4 to slightly more than } length of head. Pectoral 14 to 14 times as long as head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced intoa filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal scaly, distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid 5- 3 or very indistinctly denticulate, 40-45 —3_; lateral lines a 12-15 ae extending far forward, sometimes nearly to above the axil. Golden ; the lower dorsal and anal with straight or oblique purplish streaks, which may form Pelmatochromis jentinkt. Bafata. 3. a wide-meshed network ; caudal white, edged with blackish in the young, with a purplish network in the adult. Total length 290 millim. Gambia to Liberia.—Type in Leyden Museum. 1-2. Her. & yg. Gambia. J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Os Skel. 39 ” 4. Ad. Geba R. at Rafata, Portuguese Dr. W. J. Ausorge (C.). Guinea, PELMATOCHROMIS. 385 3. PELMATOCHROMIS LATERALIS. Pelmatochromis quenthert (non Sauv.\, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 310. Pelmatochromis lateralis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 148, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 434 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 276 ; Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixxxix. 1913, p. 59. Pelmatochromis lepidurus, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 275. Depth of body 2 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 31 times. Head 2 to 23 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, 1 (young) to 1} times as long as eye, which is 3} to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 1§ times in u ce Pehinutochrouis lateralis. Bolobo, §. interorbital width and equal to or a little less than prorbital depth in the adult; mouth rather small, extending to below nostril or between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 to 5 series, 40 to 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part Jess than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, broad, tubercular, 15 to 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV—-XVI 12-14; spines rather strong, subequal from the fifth or increasing in length to the last, last 2 to } length of head; longest soft rays } to ? length of head. Anal III 7-8; spines much stronger than dorsals, third } to 3 2 386 CICILLED Ac. length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little longer or a little shorter than head, sometimes reaching anal. Ventral produced into a filament, extending to origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal scaly, truncate or feebly emarginate. 4-5 31-36 ~2 ; lateral lines 5 8-14 times nearly to above the axil. ee peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, the lower extending far forward, some- = Coloration very variable. Golden yellow to olive, with or without dark spots forming lines along the series of scales, or 7 or 8 dark transverse bars; sides of head sometimes marbled or vermiculate with blackish ; dorsal and caudal uniform or spotted, marbled, or streaked with blackish or with large white spots separated by an olive network; dorsal sometimes edged with orange or black. Total length 280 millim. Congo, Lakes Bangwelu and Mweru. 1. Yg., type Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). 2-3. Ad. . 09 4. Ad. Bolobo, Rev. G. Grenfell (P.). 9. Ad. Maluku, Stanley cel Dr. C... Christy: (C.). 6. Hyr. Dolo, 45 M. P. Delhez (C.) 7-10. Her. & Bikoro, L. Tumba. & ys: 11-19. Adin& Ibali, LL. Leopold IT. i her. 13. Skel. : ~ 55 14-15. Ad. «& New Antwerp, Upper Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C.). ce Stanley Falls. Dr. C. Christy (C.). Tin) 2. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). 18-19, 20-21. Ad. & hgr. L. Bangwelu. F. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). 22. Skel. 3 . 23-24. Ad. & L. Mweru at Lukonzolwa. Dr, L. Stappers (C.). her. 25. Ad. Luapula R. at Kasenge. i Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xx. 1897, p. 4 and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 486 (1901) ; Pellegr. 4, PELMATOCHROMIS CONGICUS. xvi. 1904, p. 287. Depth of body 2 to 24 times. 22, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 149, amy Mém. Soc. Zool. France, times in total length, length of head 23 to 23 Ilead twice as long as broad, with concave upper profile ; snout PELMATOCHROMIS. 387 rounded, as long as broad, as long as eye, which is 3 to 32 times in length of head, equals or a little exceeds interorbital width, and much exceeds preorbital depth; mouth large, extending to below anterior third of eye; teeth small, in 3 series, 52 to 60 in outer row of upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers long and slender, 18 to 20 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII 11; spines subequal from Pelmatochrumis congicus. 3 Type. 32. the fifth or sixth, nearly half length of head ; median soft rays produced into filaments, longest a little longer than head. Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly as long as and much stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending to above origin of anal. Ventral prolonged into a filament, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28-30 a3 lateral lines ae Olive, the centres of the scales yellowish; a large black opercular spot ; two rather indistinct dark lateral streaks; vertical fins blackish, with round 388 CICHLIDZ. yellowish spots, which may be confluent into transverse bars on the posterior part of the caudal. Total length 175 millim. Upper Congo. 1. Type. Stanley Falls. Rev. W. H. Bentley (C.). 2. Ad. Monsembe. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). ». PELMATOCHROMIS GUENTHERI. Hemichromis guentheri, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1882, p. 317, pl. v. fig. 1. Hemichromis volte, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xcvi. i. 1887, p. 60, pl. i. fig. 3. Pelmatochromis guentheri, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 150; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 279, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (10) i. 1909, p- 52. Hemichromis tersquamatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 717, pl. xlii. fig. B. Pelmatochromis pellegrini, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 328, pl. xxix. fig. 2; Pellegr. t. c. p. 280. Depth of body 23 to 22 times in total length, length of head 23 to 2% times. Head twice or a little over twice as long as broad; snout Fig. 262. Pelmatochromis quentheri. Type of P. tersquamatus, after Giinther (P. Z. S. 1899). ;. obtusely pointed, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, 1 (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 3 (young) to 42 times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width or preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to between nostril and eye; 2 to 4 series of teeth in each jaw, outer rather large, 40 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 or 5 (rarely 3) series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Giil-rakers short and PELMATOCHROMIS. 309 broad, tubercular, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV- XVII 9-12; spines subequal from the sixth, or increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to } length of head; median soft rays more or less produced, 2 to once length of head. Anal IfI 7-8; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded or rounded-subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28-30 =A ; lateral lines ae Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath; a black opercular spot, some- times followed by a rather indistinct dark band extending to the root of the caudal; fins grey, spinous dorsal sometimes with a series of round black spots near the base, dorsal and upper part of caudal some- times edged with black. Total length 160 millim. Gold Coast to Gaboon.—Type in Paris Museum. 1. Type of 7Z.ter- WKotchwah R., Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (P.). squamatus. 2. Her. Akropon, Gold Coast. R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). 3. Her. Odumasi, ‘ 2s i 4-7, Ad., her., Tano R., 5 Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell (P.). & yg. S=110.6A'd, 0 a Near Dunkwa, Gold Coast. her. ia Ad. Atijéré, E. of Lagos. Major G. E. Bruce ({P.). 20 Ad: Oyan R., Niger. A. E. Kitson, Esq. (P.). 13-14. Ad. & Deert, Mouth of Gurara R.. J.J. Simpson, Esq. (P.). her. Niger. L5ja07s Ad. *& Kwale, Ethiop R., Capt. R. D. Gard’ner (P.). yg. Lower Niger. 18-20. Hgr. & Oji R., Lower Niger. Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Ys: 21-23. Types of P., pellegrint. 24. Yg. 29, WoT: 26. Ad. 27. Skel. 28-29. Ad. 26 Bou II/III Sapelle, Lower Niger, Ossomari, a Lower Niger. Kribi R., S. Cameroon. 9? ” Renito R., Spanish Guinea. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). ? sy) CO oS CICHLID.%. 6. PELMATOCHROMIS REGANT., Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1906, p. 471, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 36, pl. i. fig. 4. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 23 times in total length. Snout with straight upper profile, a little more than twice as long as eye, which is 43% times in length of head and 14 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 6 or 7 series; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short and broad, 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 11; last spine longest, 4 length of head. Anal III 7. Pectoral about 2 length of head, not reaching anal. Ventral extending beyond vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle slightly deeper than long. Scales 28 a ; lateral lines aa Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, with traces of 5 or 6 darker bars; vertical fins greyish, soft dorsal and caudal with series of small light spots. Total length 165 millim. Ogowe.—' Type in Paris Museum. 7. PELMATOCHROMIS BUETTIKOFERIT. Paratilupia (Pelmatochromis) biittikoferi, Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894 p. 40. Pelmatochromis buettikoferi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 147; Pelleer. Mem. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 286 (part.). Depth of body 2 to 23 times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than the eye, which is 3 to 33 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth; mouth moderately large, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 to 7 series, 44 to 54 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLV—XV 10-12; spines subequal from the 5th or 6th, 24 to 22 times in length of head; middle soft rays more or less produced, nearly as long as head in adult. Anal II1 8; third spine as long as or a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching beyond origin of anal in adult. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. PELMATOCHROMIS. 391 Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-29 a lateral lines — Brownish, with 4 or 5 rather indistinct darker bars and a black opercular spot ; a dark spot below the base of the dorsal between the spinous and soft portions; soft dorsal with small light spots. Total length 130 millim. Liberia.—T ype, in Leyden Museum, examined. 1-2. Ad. & her. Nanna Kru. W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). 3,4. Skel. 5 » Pelmatochromis Luettihofert, Nanna Kru. 8. PELMATOCHROMIS OCELLIFER. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 104, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 437 (1901) ; Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixxxix. 1913, p. 58, fig. Pelmatochromis buettikoferi, part., Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 286. Depth of body 2} to 2} times in total length, length of head 2% to 24 times. Head nearly twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly concave upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 33 to 43 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth moderately large, extending to below anterior border of 392 CICHLID. eye, or not quite so far; teeth in 3 to 5 series, 44 to 52 in outer series of upper jaw ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 7 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV—XV 10-12; spines subequal from the fifth, or increasing in length to the last, which measures about 4 length of head; middle soft rays produced, as long as head or a little longer. Anal III 8-9; third spine shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral } to nearly once length of head, nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching beyond origin of anal in adult. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, Fig. 264. Pelinatochromis ocellifer. Monsembe. Ae Oies : 17-19 . . b aE 21-29 jom13 lateral lines ~ Brownish with five rather indistinct 8-11" dark bars, which may be replaced by a series of dark blotches on the side; a black opercular spot; a dark, sometimes light-edged spot at the base of the dorsal, between the spinous and soft portions; soft dorsal with light spots. Total length 130 millim. Upper Congo. 1. Type. Monsembe. Rev, J2H. Weeks!(P.). 2, 2s 9 2. PELMATOCHIIROMIS. 393 9. PELMATOCHROMIS NIGROFASCIATUS. Paratilapia nigrofasciata, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 353 ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 421 (1901); Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, lxxxix. iO. p. 4. Pelmatochromis batesii, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) viti. 1901, p. 114. Pelmatochromis nigrofusciatus, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 280, pl. vi. fig. 2, and Bull. Soc. Philom. (9) ix. 1907, p. 37. Depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2} to 5 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, 14 to 1} times as long as eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in Pelinatochromis nigrofasciatus. Type of P. batesic. b mouth moderately large, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer rather large, 40 to 64 in outer series of upper jaw ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little greater than the diameter of eye. Géill-rakers short, tubercular, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2 length of head ; middle soft rays more or less produced, often as long as head. interorbital width, and equals or slightly exceeds preorbital depth ; Ana] III 7-9; third spine as long as or a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. o94 CICHLID2. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 26-28 ga: lateral lines aa Dark olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, often with 5 or 6 more or less distinct darker cross-bands ; a bluish-black opercular spot; fins greyish, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with small blackish spots, or with round light, dark-edged spots. Total length 120 millim. South Cameroon and Fernando Po to Congo.—Types in Paris Museum. 1-7, 8-15. Ad. & hgr. Kribi R., 8S. Cameroon. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 16. Skel. 3 A ” Grea Kfulen, - * 18-20. Types of P.batesii. Benito R., Spanish %3 Guinea, 21-25. Ad. & yg. Fernando Po. Mr. E. Seimund (C.). 10. PELMATOCHROMIS CAUDIFASCIATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 69. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 34 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 34 to 3% times in length of head, | to 14 times in interorbital width, and a little exceeds preorbital depth; mouth mode- rately large, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series, 40 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, tubercular, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-AVI 9-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 5 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays shorter than head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral & to 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching vent, origin of anal, or a little beyond. Caudal rounded. o. 2-23 ~ Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-29 147); lateral lines aa Brown above, yellowish beneath; a more or less distinct dark band from the eye to the root cf the caudal, crossed by 7 to 9 rather faint dark bars, which expand into round black spots where they meet the lateral band on the caudal part of the body ; dorsal with round dark spots and a black and white edge; anal with round dark spots, which often form oblique bands; caudal with PELMATOCHROMIS. a95 numerous dark bars, the upper rays with a black and white edge ; ventrals white. Total length 105 millim. South Cameroon. 1-7. Types. Nyong R. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8-10. Types. - at Akonolinga. - 11-16. Types. Ja Kt. at Bitye. _ 17-18. Types. » at Efayong. f 19-20. Types. Bumbe R. at Assobam. ie Fig, 266. Pelmatochromis caudifasciatus. Type. 11. PELMATOCHROMIS LONGIROSTRIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 411; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 281. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head a little over twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, with slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad, 14 to 1§ times as longas eye, which is 3+ to 4 times in length of head, equals or slightly exceeds interorbital width, and equals or a little exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth moderately large, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, 50 to 70 in outer series of upper Jaw; 2 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, tubercular, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to } Jength of head; middle soft rays produced, a little shorter than head. Anal III 6-7; third spine as 396 CICHLID®. Jong as or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded-subacuminate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycluid, 28-30 ae lateral lines —— Yellowish or pale brown, the scales edged with darker, or with rather ill-defined dark longitudinal streaks; a more or less distinct dark horizontal streak behind the eye; vertical fins with small dark spots forming more or less regular bars, these numerous and usually very regular on the caudal fin ; outer rays of ventrals white. Total length 115 millim. South Cameroon. 1-7. Types. Kribi R. G. LL. Bates, Esq. (C.). 8. Ad, Ja R. 35 Pelinatochromis longirostris. Type. 12, PELMATOCHROMIS BOULENGERI. Linnberg, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xii. 1903, p. 39. Depth of body 23 to 33 times in total length, length of head 2} to 22 times. Snout broad, rounded, with straight upper profile, 24 times as long as eye, which is 43 times in length of head and nearly 14 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 4 or 5 series of teeth ; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures # or ? length of head. Anal III 7-8; third spine shorter but stouter than last dorsal. PELMATOCHROMIS. 397 Pectoral about 3 length of head. Ventral produced into a filament, not quite reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 25 3 lateral lines pa Four dusky trans- verse bars may be traced on the body; a black opercular spot. Total length 140 millim. Meme River, Cameroon.—Type in Stockholm Museum. 13. PELMATOCHROMIS WELWITSCHII. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 149, pl. xix. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 717. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head a little more than twice as long as broad; snout obtusely pointed, with straight upper profile, as long as broad, twice as long as eye, which is Pelmatochromis welwiichit. Type (P. Z. 8. 1898). 3. 5 times in length of head and equals interorbital width or preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 series, 50 in outer series of upper jaw; 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, denticulate, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 11; spines increasing in length to the seventh, which measures 3 length of head and 4 longest soft rays. Anal III 7; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal, Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle alittle longer than deep. Scales cycloid, 33 a lateral lines ot Pale 398 CICHLID. brown; dorsal dark brown, whitish at the base; anal with a few round white spots; ventrals blackish. Total length 125 millim. Angola. 1. Type. Fluilla. Dr. Welwitsch (P.). 14. PELMATOCHROMIS KINGSLEY. Hemichromis schwebischi (non Sauy.), Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, DeZto Chromidotilapia kingsleye, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 151, pl. xix. fig. 2 ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 718. Pelmatochromis kingsleyw, Pellegr. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 278. Depth of body 23 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head twice or a little over twice as long as broad; snout Fig. 269. Pelmatochromis kingsleye. Type (P. Z. S. 1898). 3. obtusely pointed, with straight or convex upper profile, as long as broad, 1 (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 3 (young) to 43 times in length of head, and equals or nearly equals interorbital width or pre- orbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth in a single or double series, the inner, if present, short and irregular, those of the outer series rather large, 44 to 60 in the upper jaw, some with the crown bent at an angle to the shaft; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye or a little less. Gill-rakers short and broad, tubercular, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 10-12; spines increasing in length to the last, PELMATOCHROMIS. 399 which is about ? length of head; longest soft rays to $ length of head. Anal III 7-9, third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal, Caudal rounded or rounded-sub- truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as.deep or a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-30 — lateral lines oa Brownish, uniform or with rather indistinct traces of six darker cross-bars; a black opercular spot; fins greyish, dorsal and anal often blackish towards the border ; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal often with regular squarish dark spots forming bars between the rays. Total length 150 millim. Niger to Congo. 1-2. Types. Azuminé Creek, Opobo R., Miss Kingsley (C.). Niger Delta. 3. Type. Ogowe. re 4. Type. Kondo- Kondo, Ogowe. ‘5 5. Ad. Komadekke, Goumié R., Ogowe. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 6. Hgr. Masoma R,, L. Ogemwe, Ogowe. - lic os Abanga R., Ogowe. %5 8. Type. Sette Cama, Gaboon. 9. Type. Gaboon. 10-11. Her. Loango R. at N’Kutu. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 12-14, Ad.&hgr. — Luali R. at Buco Zau, Chiloango. * 15-23. Her.& yg. Luali R. at Lundo, Chiloango. 5 24, Skel. ae i es a 25-26. Yg. Lebuzi R. at Kuka Muno, Chiloango. 5 15. PELMATOCHROMIS SUBOCELLATUS. Hemichromis subocellatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 667, pl. Ixvii. fig. C. Pelmatochromis subocellatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1898, p. 150; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 281. Depth of body 25 to 2? times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Head twice or not quite twice as long as broad; snout rounded, much broader than long, with convex upper profile, as long as eye, which is 3} to 54 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, 60 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw ; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 8-10; spines subequal from the fifth or sixth, 400 CICHLID. 3 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays § to $ length of head. Anal ILI 6-8; third spine as long as or a little longer than dorsals. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced or not into a filament, reaching vent or beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, Seyret dbl vor 25-28 47°; lateral lines aa Brown, with a more or less distinct dark opercular spot, sometimes with a dark lateral stripe; females (with shorter ventrals) with a blackish blotch or ocellus on the soft dorsal ; Pelmatochromis subocellatus. Type. black spots, or one or several black white-edged ocelli sometimes present in the upper part of the caudal ; outer edge of ventrals blackish. Total length 75 millim. Gaboon to Lower Congo. 1-3. Types. Gaboon. 4-5, Ad, 3 6. Skel. us 7-11. Ad. & hgr. Luali R. at Lundo, Chiloango. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 12-13. Ad. G@hgr. Luculla R., Chiloango, Belgian 1 Congo. bP) 16. PELMATOCHROMIS KRIBENSIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1911, p. 373. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 3} to 35 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, a little broader than long, as long as eye, which is 3} to 34 times in length of head, equals interorbital width and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 series of teeth, outer rather large, 40 to 50 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the check. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. PELMATOCHROMIS. 4()] Dorsal XVI-XVII 8-9; spines gradually increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2? length of head; longest soft rays shorter than head. Anal III 6-7; third spine nearly 4 length of head. Pec- toral 2 to 3 length of head. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded-subacuminate. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 27-29 es lateral lines = Olive above, whitish beneath; a blackish opercular spot ; sometimes an ill- defined dark lateral stripe; soft dorsal often with a round black spot behind the last spine; caudal sometimes with two black, light-edged ocellar spots above; outer edge of ventrals blackish. Total length 66 millim. South Cameroon. 1-11. Types. Kribi lt. G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 12. Skel. CZ Z ay} =i 4 : hysavauaes AN N SS Pelmatochromis kribensis. Type. 17. PELMATOCHROMIS TAINIATUS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 10, pl. iv. fig. 3; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 283. Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 3} times. Head 12 to 1? times as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as the eye, which is 33 times in length of head, nearly equals interorbital width, and exceeds pre- orbital depth; mouth modcrate, extending slightly beyond vertical of anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, about 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII[-XVIII 7-S; spines gradually increasing in length to the last, which measures $ length of head; longest soft rays produced into filaments, as long as head. Anal III 7; third spine as 4()2 CICHLID. long as longest dorsal. Pectoral ¢ length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little 19-21 79° Brownish above, yellowish beneath; two blackish longitudinal bands on each side, the upper from the occiput to the base of the soft dorsal, the lower from the eye, over the opercle, to the root of the caudal; fins greyish, ventrals white with a black outer border; oblique dark streaks deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28-29 A lateral lines Peluatochromis tenriatus. Type (©. Z. 8. 1901)s 2. on the soft dorsal ; small blackish spots on the caudal and two larger ones edged with white on its upper border. Total length 75 millim. Lower Niger. 1. Type. Mouth of Ethiop R., Niger Delta. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Dot. Wari, Niger Delta. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 18. PELMATOCHROMIS PULCHER. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 9, pl. iv. fig. 2; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 283. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3} times. Head 1? to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as the eye, which is 3 to 34 times in length of head, a little less than interorbital width, and a little more than preorbital depth ; mouth small, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 or 4 series, outer rather large, 50 to 68 in upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 12 on Jower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 9-10; spines gradually increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 length of head ; some of the soft rays more PELMATOCHROMIS. 403 or less produced, often longer than head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral more or less produced into a filament, reaching origin of anal, or a little beyond. Caudal rounded or subacuminate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales cycloid, 27-29 2 lateral lines a Olive, with two darker or blackish longitudinal bands on Pelmatochromis pulcher. Type (P. Z. 8. 1901). 3. each side, the upper from the occiput to the base of the soft dorsal, the lower from the eye, over the opercle, to the extremity of the caudal fin ; sides of body below lower lateral band and between pectorals and ventrals of a beautiful rose-colour ; spinous dorsal grey, black at the base ; the black area gradually rising to cover nearly the whole of the soft dorsal; pectoral, outer side of ventral, and extremity of anal blackish; caudal grey, with an oblique white streak above in the male. Total length 95 millim. Lower Niger. 1-7. Types. Mouth of Ethiop R., Niger Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). Delta. 8. Ad. Kwale, Ethiop R. Capt. R. D. Gardner (P.), 9. Skel. Be - ae 10-17. Hgr. & yg. = Assay. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 18-19. Yo. Agberi. hs 20: Hon. Wari. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 2 1, VAd: Niger Delta. 404 CICHLID&. 19. PELMATOCHROMIS ARNOLDI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) x. 1912, p. 263. Depth of body 2§ to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 13 to 1% times as long as broad; snout rounded, with concave upper profile, much broader than long, as long as eye, which is 3} to 33 times in length of head, 13 to 14 times in interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth; mouth moderate, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 series, 60 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-X YI 10-11, spines gradually increasing in length to the last, Pelimatochronis arnoldi. Type. which measures nearly } length of head ; median soft rays produced into filaments, as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 8-9; third spine as long as or slightly longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral ? to ¢ length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal 23-3 19 ae lateral lines =. Brownish or dark olive, with five indistinct dark bars and six large, peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28 Yound, blackish spots on each side, the first being the opercular spot; fins greyish, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with numerous small blackish spots. Total length 90 millim. Lower Niger. 1-3. Types. Lower Niger. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.) PELMATOCHROMIS. 405 20. PELMATOCHROMIS ANNECTENS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 485 ; Arnold, Wochenschr. Aq. Kerr, 1913; ps 660, ig. l, Depth of body 22 to 23 times in total length, length of head 23 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as eye, which is 33 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth moderate, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer rather large, 50 to 66 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9-10; Pelmatochromis annectens. Type. spines gradually increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly 3 length of head; median soft rays produced, as long as head. Anal III 7-8 ; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 28-29 ae lateral lines = Dark brown, with four blackish vertical bars on the side; blackish spots may be present on the back, alternating with the bars; a black opercular spot; fins dark grey, posterior part of dorsal and anal, and greater part of caudal with numerous small dark and light spots. Total length 85 millim. Lower Niger. 1-2. Types. Lower Niger. Mr. J. Paul Arnold (P.). 27 Bou II/III 4Qu CICHLID.®. 21. PELMATOCHROMIS ANSORGII. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 8, pl. iv. fig. 1; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 282. Depth of body 24 to 22 times in total length, length of head 2? to 3 times. Head 1% to 1? times as long as broad; snout rounded, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, broader than long, as long as eye, which is 34 to 33 times in length of head, 14 times in inter- orbital width, and exceeds prworbital depth; mouth moderate, not extending to below anterior border of cye; teeth small, in 2 to 4 series, 44 to 56 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 10-11; spincs subequal or last slightly longer, not quite 3 length of head; middle soft rays produced, # to once length of head. Anal III 8; third spine as long as dorsals. Pectoral § to # length of head, not reaching origin of anal, Ventral produced into a filament, reaching origin of anal or beyond, Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than 18 Wika i Pelmatochromis ansorgii. PAs S 1901 4, | am Gee mae 17-19 ; Jong. Scales cycloid, 27-29-37; lateral lines “eg: Dark olive-brown above, yellowish beneath; a blackish opercular spot; three or four vertically elongate large dark spots on each side of the body, below the upper lateral line; fins greyish, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal chequered with small darker and lighter spots. ‘Total length 90 millim. Lower Niger. PELMATOCHROMIS. 407 1-4. Types. Mouth of Ethiop R. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 5, Ad, Kwale, Ethiop R. Capt..R..D. Gard'ner:(2?.). 6. Ad. Abo. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). ds Ad, Assay. 9 22. PELMATOCHROMIS MULTIDENS. Paratilapia multidens, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1900, p. 95. Pelmatochromis twniatus (non Bouleng. 1901), Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ie P.yD0;-p!. XV, (1902). Pelmatochromis polyodon, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, 1. p. 237. Pelmatochromis multidens, Pelegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 285. Paratilapia habererit, Steind. Anz. Ak. Wien, 1912, p. 448, and Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixxxix. 1913; p.(59,)tig wa pl x. figs: Depth of body 2 to 24 times in total length, length of head 23 to 23 times. Head 1? to 2 times as long as broad; snout rounded, with Fie; (277. Pelmatochromis multidens. Type of P. polyodon (A. M.C.). 3. straight, steep upper profile, as long as broad, 1} (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 33 to 4} times in length of head; in the adult eye twice in interorbital width, and 1} times in preorbital depth ; mouth moderately large, extending to between nostril and eye ; teeth 4()8 CICHLID-E. forming a broad band, in 7 or 8 series, outer rather large and numbering about 40 in upper jaw; 6 to 9 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, tubercular, 6 to 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 14; spines subequal from the third, 4 length of head; longest soft rays } length of head. Anal III 8-9; spines stronger than dorsals, third ? length of head. Pectoral $ length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales ctenoid, 29-30 a lateral lines a Brownish ; a dark brown band between the eyes, another on each side of the body, from the head to the caudal peduncle, between the lateral lines; a roundish blackish spot on the lateral band above the pectoral fin; scft dorsal dark at the base. Total length 260 millim. Upper Congo.—Type in Paris Museum. 1. Type of P. teniatus Monsembe. Rey. J. H. Weeks (P.). = polyodon. 23. PELMATOCHROMIS ANGOLENSIS. ? Hemichromis angolensis, Steind. Mem. Ac. Lisb, (3) ii. pt. ii. 1865, no. 10 ; Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soe. 1898, p. 136. Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 23 to 5 times. IIead 2 to 25 times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 33 to 4 times* in length of head, equals interorbital width, and exceeds preorbital depth; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 series of teeth, outer rather large and bicuspid in the young, inner tricuspid in the young ; 30 to 34 teeth in outer series of upper jaw ; 6 or 7 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or exceeding diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XV 12-13; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures a little less than + length of head; longest soft rays } to 2 length of head. Anal IIT 9-10 ; third spine as long as ora little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral } to } length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. : ; a 20-22 Scales feebly denticulate, 35-34 “3; lateral lines 7,55. Brown above, * 6 times in the larger specimen (200 millim.) described by Steindachner. PELMATOCHROMIS. 409 yellowish beneath; a dark opercular spot ; dorsal and caudal with round dark spots, which may be replaced by rings. Total length 110 millim. Angola.—Type in Lisbon Museum. 1-2. Her. & yg. Ponang Kuma, Mossamedes. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 3. Skel, - 9 Pelmatochromis angolensis. Ponang Kuma. 24, PELMATOCHROMIS MULTIOCELLATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1913, p. 484. Depth of body equal to length of head, which is 23 times in total length. Head 21 times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, 14 times as long as eye, which is 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and slightly exceeds preorbital depth; mouth rather large, extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 series of teeth, outer rather large, 50 in upper Jaw; 4 series of scaleson the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 5 length of head; longest soft ray about 3 length of head. Anal IIT 9; third spine stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. 410 CICHLIDZ. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 32 ae lateral lines a Brown above, whitish beneath; a blackish opercular spot; a blackish bar below anterior third of eye; dorsal and caudal fins with very numerous small ocellar spots forming single series between the rays; anal fin with a few large ocelli. Total length 120 millim. Angola (Luculla River). 1. Type. Luculla R. at Lueulla. Dr. W. J. Ansorge (U.). Pelmatochromis multiocellatus. Type. 25. PELMATOCHROMIS DARLINGI. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1911, p. 377. Depth of body equal to length of head, 2% times in total length. YIlead 24 times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, a little longer than eye, which is 33 times in length of head and slightly exceeds iuterorbital width or preorbital depth; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye ; 3 series of teeth, outer rather large, 50 in upper jaw; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part slightly less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 length of head ; longest soft ray } length of head. Anal III 8; third spine stronger but a litt.e shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, PELMATOCILROMIS. 41] reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded (obliquely subtruncate). Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32 = ; lateral lines a Brownish above, whitish beneath, with seven very indistinct darker cross-bars ; a dark bar below anterior third of eye; dorsal and anal fins with round brown spots. Total length 110 millim. Makabusi Rt., Zambesi System. foLype. Makabusi R., near Salisbury, J. tf, Darling;Hisq. (P.). Mashonaland. Pelmatochromis darlingt. Type. 26. PELMATOCHROMIS RIPONIANUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 69, pl. ii. fig. 3. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2} to 22 times. Head twice or a little over twice as long as broad; snout rounded, as long as broad, with feebly convex upper profile, 14 to 1% times as long as eye, which is 3? to 4% times in length of head, 1 to 14 times in interorbital width, and exceeds least depth of pre- orbital ; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye or not quite so far; teeth conical, in 3 or 4 series, outer rather small, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, inner minute; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gull-rakers rather short, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch, the longest bifid. Dorsal 4]2 CICHLIDE. XV-XVI 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures + to 2 length of head ; longest soft rays 4 to 3 length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine longest, as long as and stronger than longest dorsal. Pectoral pointed, 3 to # length of head, reaching vertical of origin of anal, or a little beyond. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1) times as 5 19-22 long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 30-33 47743 ; lateral lines 743. Fig. 281. 5 Pelmatochromis riponianus. Type (Ann. Mus. Genova, 1911). 3rownish, uniform or with 6 or 7 rather indistinct darker cross-bands ; a dark vertical bar may be present below the eye; ventrals blackish in the male, at least at the base, yellowish in the female. Total length 140 millim,. Ripon Falls, Victoria Nile-—Types in Genoa Museum, —— 1-3. Types. Jinja. Dr. di. Bayon (C2) Genoa Museum (P.). 27. PELMATOCHROMIS MICRODON. Jouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 441, and Fish. Nile, p. £90, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 4 (1907). Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head PELMATOCHROMIS. 413 large, a little over twice as long as broad, with slightly concave upper profile ; snout as long as broad, 14 diameters of eye, which is 4 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width, and a little more than depth of preorbital ; mouth oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth very small and few, in 3 series; 3 series of scales on the cheek, the width of the scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers very short, posterior much expanded, much broader than long, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2? length of head; longest soft rays 3 length Fig. 282. Pelmatochromis microdon. Type (FE. N.). “4. of head. Anal III 8; third spine as long as and stouter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending to above base of third anal spine. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal obliquely truncate, upper rays longest. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 32 = lateral lines af Olive above, grey beneath, with six ill-defined darker vertical bars on the side; a blackish opercular spot ; fins grey, posterior part of dorsal and caudal with small round darker spots forming regular series between the rays; posterior part of anal fin with a few small orange ocellar spots. Total length 176 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 2(?). Yg. Entebbe. 9 414 CICHLIDA., 28. PELMATOCHROMIS OBESUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 442, and Fish. Nile, p. 491, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 5 (1907). Depth of body Z to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Ilead not twice as long as broad, with slightly concave upper profile ; snout twice as broad as long in the adult, as long as eye, which is 32 times in length of head, 1} to 13 times in interorbital width and much exceeds preorbital depth; mouth oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series, 50 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part exceeding a little diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, some T-shaped, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9; spines Pelmatochronis obesus. Type (F.N.). 4. increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to 4 length of head ; longest soft rays 3 length of head, Anal III 8-9; third spine stronger but a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending to above base of third anal spine. Ventral extending to soft anal rays. Caudal obliquely truncate, upper rays longest. Caudal peduncle 4-5 20-21 11 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 82 73 ; lateral lines T7j3- Olive above, with very indistinet dark cross-bands, yellowish white beneath ; a rather indistinct dark vertical bar below the eye; a dark opercular spot ; dorsal fin greyish, blackish towards the border, the soft portion with round dark spots ; anal fin yellow, with two or three large PELMATOCHROMIS. 415 round orange spots on its posterior half; inner rays of ventral fin yellow, outer blackish; caudal fin greyish. Total length 1655 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). Ze ype: Entebbe. a 29. PELMATOCHROMIS AURITUS. Paratilapia aurita, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 2, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p 417 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 150, pl. xix. fig. 2. Pelmatochromis auritus, Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 284; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 568, pl. xxxix. fig. 4. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 31 times in total length. Head 2 to 2} times as long as broad; snout rounded, with convex upper profile, as long as broad and as long as eye in the adult, Fig. 284. Pelmatochromis auritus. Type (Tr. Z. 8.1901). 3. shorter in the young; eye 2% (young) to 34 times in length of head, equal to or greater than interocular width; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior fourth or third of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 38 series, 60 to 80 in outer series of upper jaw; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderate, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVII 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which is 3 or a little less than 4 length of head; longest soft rays produced into filaments, as long as or a little shurter than head. Anal III 8; third spine stronger and shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. 416 CICHLID.®. Ventral produced into a filament, extending to vent or beyond. Candal feebly emarginate in the adult, truncate in the young. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as broad. Scales finely ctenoid, 33-37 eas ; lateral Jines — Olive-brown, with or without oblique cross-bars of mother- of-pearl or silvery white, sometimes with ill-defined dark bars across the the back; a very distinct, blue-black opercular spot ; dorsal and anal grey or blackish, often striated or spotted with white, the former edged with yellow and black ; pectorals yellowish, ventrals white; caudal with white spots and yellow bars, and edged with black or blackish. Total length 130 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-8. Types. Msambu. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). 9, Skel. a 5 10. Type. N. end of L. Tanganyika. ea 11-12. Ad. Kazzaga Market. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 13-15. Yg. Mshale. * Pelmatochromis spekt. Type (F..N.).. 3: 30. PELMATOCHROMIS SPEKII. Bonleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 440, Fish. Nile, p. £86, pl. Ixxxviii. fig. 2 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 69. Depth of body 2% to 3} times in total length, length of head 23 to 2% times. Head large, 21 to 2} times as long as broad, with straight or slightly concave upper profile; snout a little longer than broad, 1 (young) PELMATOCHROMIS, 417 to 22 times as long as eye, which is 34 (young) to 6 times in length of head, + to 14 times in interorbital width and equals or exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth large, oblique, extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; lower jaw more or less projecting in the adult; teeth in 3 to 6 series, all conical or a few of the inner tricuspid in the adult, outer more or less distinctly bicuspid and inner tricuspid in the young ; outer teeth rather large and curved, 50 to 76 in upper jaw; 3 to 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much greater than diameter of eye in theadult. Gill-rakers short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 to ? length of head; longest soft rays 4 to # length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine stronger than dorsals, 4 to 4 length of head. Pectoral % to 3 length of head, reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 1 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 30-34 cae lateral lines a Olive-brown to emerald-green above, silvery below ; sometimes one or two more or less distinct dark lateral stripes, dark cross-bars on the back, and a vertical blackish bar below the eye ; a dark opercular spot; dorsal and caudal fins greyish or bluish purple, the latter and the soft part of the dorsal with small round dark spots; anal yellow or greyish, sometimes bordered with red, often with a few large, orange, red-edged ocellar spots ; ventrals yellow (females) or black (males). Young often uniform brownish above and white beneath. Total length 235 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile ; Lake Albert Edward. 1-8. ‘Types. Entebbe. Mr. EB. Degen (C.). 9-10. Types. Munyonya. s 11-14. Types. Bunjako. ss 15. Types. Buganga. is 16-17. Ad. & hgr. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (?P.). 18. Skel. 2 s 5 OS eer, Jinja, Ripon Falls. s 93 20. Ad. Victoria Nile between L. Kioga I’. H. Melland, Esq. (P.). and Murchison Falls. 2. Eiger: L. Salisbury. I’, J. Jackson, Esq. (P.). 22-24. Ad. & yg. L. Albert Edward. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C. African Expedition, 418 CICHLID. 31. PELMATOCHROMIS FLAVIPINNIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 441, and Fish. Nile, p. 448, pl yizxxix. figs (1907). Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head large, slightly more than twice as long as broad, with concave upper profile; snout as long as broad, 14 times as long as eye, which is 5 times in length of head, 1{ times in interorbital width, and equals preorbital depth ; mouth oblique, not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; lower jaw projecting; teeth in 3 or 4 series, outer largest and curved, 58 in upper jaw; 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part much greater than diameter of eye. Giull-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 length of head; longest soft rays a little more than + length of head. Anal II1 8; third spinea little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Fig. 286. Pelnutochromis fluvipinnis, Type (F.N.). §. Scales denticulate, 31 - lateral lines ee Yellowish, tinged with orange on the sides, with four broad olive-brown cross-bands on the upper half of the body ; an interrupted dark streak on each side from above the gill-cover to the base of the tail; head speckled with brown ; an angular olive-brown band, pointing backwards, from eye to eye on the occiput; a broad blackish band from below the anterior half of the eye to the mouth; a blackish vertical bar on the preoperculum; an oblique blackish bar, involving the opercular spot, behind the gill-cover ; fins PELMATOCHROMIS. 419 bright yellow, the ventral black on the outer side; two large round orange spots, encircled with red, on the posterior part of the anal fin. Total length 145 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Buganga. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 32. PELMATOCHROMIS CAVIFRONS. Paratilapia? cavifrons, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 77; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 141. Hemichromis cavifrons, Pfeff. Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 21 (1896). Pelmatochromis cavifrons, Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 485, pl. Ixxxvili. fig. 1 (1907), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 68. Depth of body 23 to 34 times in total length, length of head 2} to 2% times. Head large, 2 to 22 times as long as broad; snout with slightly convex upper profile, as long as broad or a little broader than long, about twice as Jong as eye, which is 5 to 53 times in length of- Pelinatochromis cavifrons. Buganga (F. N.). §. head, 14 to 12 times in interorbital width and equals prieorbital depth ; mouth large, very oblique, not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; lower jaw strongly projecting; teeth in 4 or 0 series, a few of the inner sometimes tricuspid, outer large and strongly curved, 60 to 70 in outer series of upper jaw; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part greater than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers mode- rately long and stout, 7 to 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 8-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 420 CICHLIDZ. about 4 length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal HI 8—9; third spine as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching ane Caudal rounded. Caudal pedicle LZ.hto 6-8 , 15-16 ? 20-2 7 , lines jpq3- Yellowish olive above, more or less sichasels spotted or 14 times as long as deep. Scales denticulate, 37-45 ; lateral speckled with black, silvery white beneath; a small black opercular spot; dorsal fin grey, with round whitish spots; caudal with round dark grey spots with whitish interspaces ; pectoral greyish ; ventral and anal yellow, the latter sometimes with two or three large orange ocellar spots edged with red. ‘Total length 200 millim. Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile-—Type in Berlin Museum. 1-5. Ad. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 6. Skel. s A 7, Ad. Buganga. i 8. Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. Dr, BE. Bayon (C.);; Genoa Museum (P.). 33. PELMATOCHROMIS FRONTOSUS. Paratilapia frontosa, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 561, pl. xxxvii. fig. 1. Depth of body 23 to 25 times in total length, length of head 2 nearly 3 times. Head ime as long as broad; forehead men (probably in adult males only), the head at the interorbital region as deep as the body; snout a little longer than broad, a little longer than postocular part of head, 23 times as long as eye, which is 5 to 51 times in length of head and nearly twice in interorbital region ; preorbital depth much greater than diameter of eye; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 to 5 series, outer large, especially in front, 40 to 50 in upper jaw; 5 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 14 diameters of eye. Gill- rakers rather long, 10 to 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVIII-XIX 8-9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 4 length of head ; soft dorsal much produced, longest ray nearly as long as head. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as, and stronger than, last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or longer than head, reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond. Ventral produced into a long filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. PELMATOCHROMIS. 421 Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 34-36 ea ; lateral lines sae Brownish above, whitish beneath, with five or six broad dark cross-bands, the last two on the caudal peduncle; a dark brown opercular spot and a large dark brown spot at the base of the pectoral fin; fins without markings. Total length 255 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. Kigoma. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 22 Ad. Moliro. Dr. LL. Stappers (C.). Fig, 288. Pelmatochronis frontosus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1906). 4. 34. PELMATOCHROMIS MACROPS. Paratilapia macrops, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 13, pl. iii. fig. 2, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 423 (1901). Pelmatochromis macrops, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 284. Pelmatochromis melanostigma, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 567, pl. xxix. fig. 1. Depth of body 23 to 34 times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout a little broader than long, with straight or convex upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 2} to 5 times in length of head, nearly twice interorbital width or least depth of preorbital; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 3 to 5 series, forming a narrow band, sometimes a few on the sides of the lower jaw strongly enlarged; 60 to 70 teeth in outer row of upper jaw; 2 or 28 Bou II/III 422 CICHLID. 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaiy part about 3 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior ca Dorsal oe 10-13; spines equal in length from the sixth or seventh, o 2 length of head; longest soft rays ? to } length of head. Anal i 6-7; third spine a little shorter than longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as or slightly shorter than head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle as Jong as yes or a little longer than deep. Scales 30-35 very finely denticulate, 33- 38 ° 10: i ; lateral lines 5, 53, upper extending to the caudal or nearly so far. Olive or brown above, yellow on the Pelmatochromis MCrops. Type of P. melanostigma (Tr. Z. S. 1906). sides, silvery below, with black dots or a series of five rather indistinct dark blotches on the side of the body; dorsal edged with black above, with or without black spots. Total length 125 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 3. Type. Mbity Rocks. ‘3 —5. Types of P. melano- Uvira. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). stigma, 6. Type of P. melanostigma. Kaboge. 7-10. Types of P. melano- Niamkolo,. stigma. 1. Skel. PELMATOCHROMIS. 423 12. Type of P. melanostigma. Lofu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 13. Type of P. melanostigma. Kituta. fs 14. Ad. Moliro. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). ee Ad. Albertville. Capt. Hecq (C.). 16. Ad. Vua. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 35. PELMATOCHROMIS STAPPERSII. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 444. Depth of body 54 to 4} times in total length, length of head 2% to 3 times. Head 2 to 2} times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 24 to 3 times in length of head, nearly 1} times interorbital width, and nearly twice least depth of preorbital; mouth rather small, not reaching vertical of anterior border of eye; teeth very minute, in 4 or 5 series, forming a narrow band, 64 to 80 in outer row of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part not quite + diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 15 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII-XIV 12-13; spines slender, equal in length from the fifth or sixth, about 2 length of head, soft rays not or but slightly longer. Anal ILI 8-9; third spine about 3 length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, reaching or nearly reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or a little beyond. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long. as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 34-38 a lateral lines oo Brownish, with a lateral series of dark spots, which may be confluent into a band, and a dorsal series of similar spots; male with a large black opercular spot and a series of brown spots along the dorsal, which is finely edged with black; female with a large blackish spot in the middle of the spinous dorsal. ‘Total length 95 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Types. Tulo. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). od» ly pes: Kilewa Bay. ws 36. PELMATOCHROMIS PLEUROSPILUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 567, pl. xxxix. fig. 2. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 2} to 3 times. Tlead twice as long as broad ; snout as long as broad, with convex upper profile. as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 2} to 5 times in 424 CICHLID.E. length of head, nearly 14 times interorbital width, and nearly twice least depth of preeorbital; mouth moderate, not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series, forming a narrow band, 50 to 60 in outer row of upper jaw; 2 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about 3 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, Il or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XII-XIII 12-13; spines equal in length from the fifth, 4 to 2 length of head, soft rays not or but slightly longer. Anal III 7-8; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral slightly shorter than head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, Pelmatochromis pleurospilus. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1906). o2—-39 ae lateral lines a Olive above, silvery white beneath; a black opercular spot, followed by a series of two to six black spots along the side of the body; dorsal black-edged, with blackish or brownish spots; caudal with an orange band, with (males) or without (females) white and grey markings. Total length 75 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. Mpala. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 4-6. Types. Tembwi. 5 37. PELMATOCHROMIS RHODOSTIGMA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 568, pl. xxxix. fig. 3. Depth of body 35 to 3} times in total length, length of head 22 to 5 times. Tlead 24 to 2) times as long as broad; snout as long a 2) PELMATOCHROMIS. 425 broad, with more or less convex upper profile, as long as eye, which is 83 times in length of head, nearly 14 times interorbital width, and 1} to 1% times least depth of preorbital ; mouth moderate, extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 3 series, forming a narrow band, a few on the sides of the lower jaw strongly enlarged ; 40 to 50 teeth in outer row of upper jaw; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part about + to 2 diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII 12-14; spines equal from the fifth or sixth, about 2 length of head, soft rays not longer. Anal II] 6-8 ; third spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, reaching origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or not quite so far. Pelmatochromis rhodostigma. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1906). Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 1} to 13 times : Ge os ° as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 32-35 j9);; lateral lines 22-98 8-li’ on the body or a lateral series of greyish spots; throat pink, a dark Olive above, silvery white below; longitudinal series of pink dots opercular spot sometimes present ; dorsal streaked with pink, with a dark streak running along the middle; pectorals and ventrals pink ; a pink band on each lobe of the caudal. Total length 90 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Mshale. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Oe Ads Uvira. Dr, 1. Stappers (C. ). 4, Ad. Mouth of Little Rusisi Rh. 4 426 CICHLIDZ. 14. PLATYTAINIODUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 451, and Fish. Nile, p. 493 (1907). Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with very broad bands of small conical teeth, the alveolar surface of the premaxillaries widening towards the pharynx, the band of teeth in the upper jaw horseshoe-shaped, that in each ramus of the lower jaw not much longer than broad. length of head. Pectoral as long as head, extending to above origin ie anal. Ventral reaching beyand origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal oe 12 times as long as deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 33-35 a 73; lateral lines — Pale olive above, silvery white beneath, with or without six or seven ill-defined darker cross-bars ; a blackish opercular spot ; a dark grey or blackish band from this spot to the root of the caudal fin; a rather indistinct dark vertical bar below the eye ; dorsal and caudal fins greyish; ventral fins yellow, or with the outer rays blackish; anal yellow, with or without three orange ocellar spots, encircled with red, on the posterior part. Total length 140 millim. Lake Victoria. 1. Type. Bunjako. Mr. E. Degen (C.). 2. Ad. Sesse Is. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 15. HEMICHROMIS. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 403 ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 274, part. (1862) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 134, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 409 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 252; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 461 (1907). Chromichthys, Guichen. in A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 297. Body short or moderately elongate; scales cycloid or very feebly denticulate; two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth conical, in one series, or with one, very rarely two, series of a few very small teeth behind the outer; the two median teeth of the outer series usually larger than the others. Maxillary bone narrow and curved behind, concealed when the mouth is closed. Dorsal with 13 to 15 spines, anal with 3. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits; premaxillary processes extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 26-28 *. Africa, * 15413 in IV. fasciatus, 14412 in 7. bimacnlatus, 428 CICHLID. Synopsis of the Species. Snout much longer than eye in adult; Bo./Dors7 Sean area) canige, UL Le dvsstatusl Patera yp. 0498s 10217 Snout not or but little longer than eye ; Se. 25-29 ae - se ww we ee el oe 2 LD, bomaculahis, Ginth., p40: 1. HEMICHROMIS FASCIATUS. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 403; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 274 (1862); Bleek. Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii. no 2, 1863, p. 38, pl. v. fig. 1; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 970; Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 35 ; Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 47; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 135, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 409 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 253. Chromichthys elongatus, Guichen. in A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, :p. 257 ppl. xxme fig. 3. Hemichromis auritus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p..135;;,.Ginth,'t. e.puzia- Henuchromis leiguardii, Capello, Jorn. Se. Lisb. iv. 1872, p. 85. Hemichromis desquezi, ily Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1880, p. 168, and Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. vi. 1882, p. 113, ploy, fez: Depth of body 2} to 3 times in total length, length of head 2} to 3 times. Head 1} to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or concave upper profile, longer than the eye in the adult; eye 3} (young) to 6 times in length of head, 14 to 13 times in interorbital width ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; middle outer teeth large and canine-like in the adult; an inner series of minute teeth in the upper jaw, widely separated from the outer; 4 to 6 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part 1 (young) to 24 diameters of eye in the adult. Gill-rakers short, the largest ea een 6 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal a XV 11-138; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 2 length oi head and 2 to 4 longest soft rays, Anal III 8-10; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to 3 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral usually more or less produced into a tilament, reaching vent or origin of anal, rarely not to vent. Caudal rounded or sub- truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. 15-19 10-15 Yellowish or olive brown above, tinged or not with red and green, 3-33 Seales cycloid or very feebly denticulate, 29-32 =“; lateral lines white beneath; five more or less distinct dark or black spots or bars oneach side, between which narrower bars may be present; a large HEMICHROMIS. 429 black or dark blue opercular spot ; vertical fins greyish to blackish, soft dorsal and anal often with small dark and light spots; edge of soft dorsal and upper corner of caudal sometimes whitish. Total length 265 millim. Senegambia to Angola and Lake Neami.— Types in Berlin Museum. fo) to) eS 1-3, 4—10. Ad. & yg. 11-14. Ad. & hgr. fo. /lier: 6. 2A. 17-26, Ad. & hgr. 27. Skel. 28-30. Ad. 31-34. Ad. & her. 35-44. Ad. & yg. 45-46. Her. 47-48, Ad. /¥ = #F)))\ Lee) POs Hemichromis fasciatus. Lagos. 2 6° St. Louis, Senegal. Gambia. Bissau, Portug. Guinea. Corbal R. at Gam Besse, Portug. Guinea. St. George’s Water, Sierra Leone. » ” Mountain streams, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Nanna Kru, Liberia. Akropon, Gold Coast. Tano R., # Sacred Lake, Bucumachi, nr. Kumasi R., Ashantee. M. P. Delhez (C.). J.S. Budgett, Esq. (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 99 Sir I. H. Johnston (P.). Dr. Hopkins (P.). W. P. Lowe, Esq. (C.). Rh. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.); Dr. A. Giinther (P.). Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell (P.). C. Beddington, Esq. (P.). 4 30 49-52. Ad, 53-62. Ad. & her. 63-68. Her.& yg. 69-76... Ad... her. & yg. 77-78. Ad. 79. Ad. 80-81. Ad. & her. 82-84. Ad. & hgr. 85-86. Ad. 87-88. Ad. 89, 90-94. Ad., her., & yg. 95-96. Ad. & hgr. 97-103. Ad., her., & yg. 104-105. Ad. 106 Her. 107-108. Ad. & her. 109. Ad. 00, dd —119, SAd. & yg. 113. Ad. tit. Ad, 115. Yg. iG. Hor. 117-118. Ad. 119-120. Ad. 121-123. Ad. CLCHLID.®. Lagos. Lagos Lagoon. Odo Omi, Omi R., Lagos. Sapelle, Lower Niger. Oguta, Benue R., N. of Ibi. Azuminié Creek, Old Calabar. Ja R., S. Cameroon. Benito R., Spanish Guinea. Gaboon. 9 Sette Cama, Gaboon. Ogowe. Lebuzi R. at Kuka Muno, Chiloan go. Culufi R. above Bafata, Chiloango. L. Chiluango, near Landana. Lower Congo. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Ibali, L. Leopold II. Avyakubi, Lindi R., Upper Congo. Lindi R., Upper Congo. Banzyville, Ubanghi. Quanza R. at Cunga, Angola. W. Africa. Okovango R., near L. Neami. H. T. Ussher, Esq. (C.). Major G. E. Bruce (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). H. L. Norton Traill, Esq.(C.). Miss Kingsley (P.). G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 9 RAB. N. Walker, Wsqs Cr): Miss Kingsley (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9) M. F. Hens (C.). liev. J. H. Weeks (P.). M. P. Dellez (C.). Dr. C. Christy (C.). M. M. Storms (C.) ; Brussels Museum (E.). Capt. Royaux (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). C. Schwanz, Hsq. (P.). lt. B. Woosnam, Esq. (C.). 2. HEMICHROMIS BIMACULATUS. Gill, Proe. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 137; Giinth. Cat. Fish. iv. p. 275 (1862); Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ix. i. 1870, p. 972, pl. i. fig. 5; Sauv. N. Arch. Mus. (2) iii. 1880, p. 35, pl. ii. fig. 1 ; Steind. Notes Leyd. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 49; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xvii. 1896, p. 272; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 135, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 411 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 255; Bouleng. Fish. Nile, p. 461, pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 1 (1907). HEMICHROMIS. 431 Hemichromis guttatus, Giinth. Cat. t. c.-p. 275. Hemichromis letourneuaii, Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1880, p. 212. Hemichromis sahara, Sauv. t. c. p. 226; Rolland, Rev. Scientif. (4) 1. 1904, p- 418, fig. Hemichromis rolandi, Sauv. op. cit. v. 1881, p. 103 ; Rolland, 1. ¢. Depth of body 24 to 3 times in total length, length of head 2% to 3§ times. Head 1} to 2 times as long as broad; snout with straight or convex upper profile, as long as or a little longer than eye, shorter in the very young; eye 24 (young) to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye, or not quite so far; middle outer teeth not or but feebly enlarged; usually one, very rarely two series of minute teeth, if any, behind the outer; 8 to 5 series of scales on the check, width of scaly part equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers Hemichroinis bimnaculatus. White Nile (F.N.). 4. short, 8 to 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 9-13; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to $ length of head and 2 to ? longest soft rays. Anal III 7-9; third spine as long as or shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to # length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 15-19 ~ . 7 . Uy Yellowish browu or red, with or without blue dots; a large bluish-black spot on the gill-cover, another on the middle of the side of the body, and often a third at the base of the caudal fin, these spots sometimes surrounded by a pale circle; ill-defined dark cross-bars may be present on the body ; small irregular dark spots sometimes preseut on the body; “1 GF Gael a little deeper than long. Scales cycloid, 25-29 557; lateral lines 432 CICHLID. vertical fins greyish white, edged with brown, with or without crimson and pale blue dots. Total length 150 millim. Nile and Sahara to Congo.—Types in U.S, National Museum. 1. One of the types of fH. le- tourneuat. 2-21. Ad., her., & yg. 22-41. Ad., hgr., & yg. 42-51. Ad., her., & yg. 52-55, 56. Her. 57-63. Hgr.& yg. 64-65. Types of H, sahare. 66-68. Types of HT. roland. 69... Hor, 70-71. Her. a2. Ad. 73. Ad. 74. Her. 75-84. Ad. &hgr. 85. Ad. 86. Her. 87, 83. Ad. 89-90. Ad. 91-93. Ad. &hgr. 94-97, Ad. & hgr. 98. Ad. Oo) be. 100. Ad. 101. Her. 102. Ad. 103-104. Her. L. Mareotis. Kaka, White Nile. Gharb-el-Aish, White Nile. Fashoda, White Nile. Mouth of L. No. Gondokoro, Bahr-el- Gebel. Wed Rir, Algerian Sahara. Wed Kir. Near Biskra. Gambia. Corbal R. at Tchitote, Portug. Guinea. Geba R. above Bafata, Portug. Guinen. Freetown, Sierra Leone. Mountain streams, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Dunkwa R., Gold Coast. Nigeria. Niger. Sapelle, Lower Niger. Abo, : Agberi, Ossomari, Kwala, Ethiop R. Tubusi Narob, French C. Africa. Old Calabar, M. Letourneux (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). L. Loat, Esq. (C.). M. G. Rolland (@.); Paris Museum (Ii.). 22 ”9 Dry C, Gaillard (P.). W.J. Harding King, Esq. (Bi) Capt. Vipan (P.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). rb] R. Dinzey, Esq. (P.). Dr. Hopkins (P.). R. B. N. Walker, Esq. (C.) ; Dr. A. Giinther (P.). Capt. Vipan (P.). Mr. J. T. Dalton (C.). Dr. W. J. Ansorge (C.). 9 Capt. R. D. Gard’ner (P.). P.. A.: Talbot;tiisq. CP:). D. J. Rutherford, Esq. (C.). May FY Pant’ Arnold’ (P:). Shs) HEMICHROMIS.—CHAMPSOCHROMIS. 45 1OS=106s Al Bfulen, S. Cameroon, G. L. Bates, Esq. (C.). 1O7.. Ad. Gaboon. 108-109. Ad. & Ogowe. Miss Kingsley (C.). her. 110-111. Her. Ngomo, Ogowe. Rev. E. Haug (C.) ; Paris Museum (E.). iP Hor: Boma, Lower Congo. M. P. Delhez (C.). 113-117, 118-121. Monsembe, Upper Congo Rev. J. H. Weeks (P.). Ad. & hgr. 122-123. Ad. & — Banzyville, Ubanghi. Capt. Royaux (C.). her. 124-125. Types of ——? IT, guttatus. 1126. s5kel: W. Africa. 16. CHAMPSOCHROMIS, g. n. Paratilapia, part., Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soe. 1898, p. 137; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 256. Like Paratilapia, but premaxillaries expanded at the symphysis, beak-like, occipital crest extending forward beyond the orbits, and teeth of outer row very large and widely spaced. Vertebre 36-59 *. Lake Nyassa. Synopsis of the Species. D. XVI 13; depth of body 4 times in total length ; 11 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; caudal deeply emarginate. . 1. C. ceruleus, Blgr., p. 433. D. XVI-XVIII 11-12; depth of body +4 to 43 times in total length ; 15-17 gill-rakers D. XVITI-XX 12-13; depth of body 43 to 5} times in total length ; 15-16 gill-rakers . . 3. C. esow, Blgr., p. 435. bho . C. longiceps, Gthr., p. 434. 1. CHAMPSOCHROMIS CHRULEUS. Paratilapia cerulea, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 240. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 3} times. Head 24 times as long as broad; lower jaw feebly projecting; snout with convex upper profile, 14 times as long as broad, as long as post- ocular part of head; eye 2} times in length of snout, 6 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; mouth widely separated from * 18418 or 18420 in C. longiceps, 19420 in C. cso, 434 CICHLIDZ. vertical of anterior border of eye; teeth in 4 series; 5 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 15; spines rather feeble, increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 length of head. Anal III 10; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Soft dorsal, anal, and ventrals much produced, ending in filamenis. Pectoral ? length of head. Caudal scaly, with deep crescentic emargination. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long OXY Re ; SS ‘ Y ee Champsochromis ceruleus. Type. 4. as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 58 = lateral lines ay Blue or greenish blue, darker above ; dorsal and anal fins edged with orange, the former and the caudal with small round brown spots edged with red. Total length 255 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. 7 Capt. I. L. Rhoades (P.). 2, CHAMPSOCHROMIS LONGICEPS. Hemichromis longiceps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 313. Paratilapia longiceps, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 146; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 270. Depth of body 4 to 4+ times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Head 3 to 34 times as long as broad; lower jaw feebly pro- Bi than postocular part of head; eye 2 to 3% times in length of snout, jecting ; snout with convex upper profile, twice as long as broad, longer 5 to 64 times in length of head, 1} to 13 times in interorbital width ; CHAMPSOCHROMIS. 439 mouth widely separated from vertical of anterior border of eye; teeth in 2 or 3 series; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Géill-rakers moderately long, 15 to 17 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVIII 11-12; spines rather feeble, increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 4 length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal II] 9-10; third spine as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral } to # length of head. Ventral not reaching Fig. 296. Champsochroms longiceps. 1 L. Nyassa. 3. vent. Caudal scaly, slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle nearly twice 24-28 18-30" Silvery, olive or blackish on the back ; a dark lateral stripe sometimes as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 38—41 — lateral lines present ; a blackish opercular spot; fins greyish, uniform, or dorsal and caudal with round blackish spots. Total length 350 millim. Lake Nyassa and Upper Shiré River. 1-2. Skins, types. Li Nyassa. Sir.) Kirk (C:); 3-5. Ad. & her. es Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 6. Skel. ie » (A eete ‘a Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 8. Ad. Upper Shire. Dr. Percy Rendall (C.) ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 3. CHAMPSOCHROMIS ESOX. Paratilapia esox, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 1908, p. 240. Depth of body 4? to 54 times in total length, length of head 3 times, Head 3 times as long as broad; lower jaw feebly projecting; snout with 436 CICHLID. convex upper profile, twice as long as broad, longer than postocular part of head; eye 34 to 4 times in length of snout, 7 to 8 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; mouth widely separated from vertical of anterior border of eye; teeth in 2 or 3 series; 5 or 6 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers rather short, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVIJI-XX 12-15; spines weak, increasing in length to the last, which measures $ length of head; longest soft rays Fig. 297. 5D LI TLEL ff WHEL, co ce ES ign Champsochirom IS €802. ‘Type. 4. about | length of head. Anal II] 10-11; third spine nearly as long as and stronger than last dorsal. Pectoral } length of head. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal ‘scaly, feebly but distinctly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times is long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 43-45 a lateral lines [— = Bright silvery white, except on the back, which is dark green; a black opercular spot; fins bluish grey, dorsal and anal edged with orange. Total length 370 millim, Lake Nyassa. ae eee L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 9 38 17. BATHYBATES. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 15, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 429 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 364; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 565. Body elongate ; scales cycloid, small, and irregular. Teeth in jaws fang-like, in 2 to 4 series, the inner depressible, hinged at the base ; maxillary bone folding under the priorbital. Dorsal with 13 to 17 BATHYBATES. 437 spines, anal with 5; 14 to 18 soft rays in the anal. Occipital and parietal crests strong, not extending forward to beyond posterior part of interorbital region. Vertebre 35-36 *. Lake Tanganyika. Synopsis of the Species. I. Spinous dorsal not notched, the posterior spines subequal; 5 to 5 series of teeth in the upper jaw, 3 in the lower. A. Interocular width less than diameter a e. D, SRV IS; AUT 14 1 Sc.65-75 6 = 5303 12-13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch . : pe eee en feels sonar arieotibaepocee D. ar XV 15-16 ; he III 16-17; Se. 78-100 = aa 13-1 5*eillerakersyegae 0) 6 gene. ferot, Blor., p. 435: Dee tte SAS TL AW 28e; 85 3 ae ; 9 gill-rakers. 3. B. horni, Stdr., p. 440. B. Interocular width at ae equal to diameter of eye. D. XV 14; A. TIL 14-15; Se. 120-125 SS, 12-13 gill-rakers .. 4. B. vittatus, Blgr., p. £40. D: a XVII 16-17; A. UI li 18; se 140- 150 16-19 cill-rakers 4 0 .-. « «7. 5, BD. jusqatus, Blor., p, £41. oe ae II. Spinous dorsal notched, the last spine twice as long as the penultimate ; 2 or 3 series of teeth in the upper jaw, 2 in the lower. D. XIH 15-16; A. TIL 16-175; Se. 90-95 0; et? oill-rakers 2 . ss » « « » «. 0. Bo minor, Bigr., p. 442. 1. BATHYBATES GRAUERT. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exx. i. 1911, p. 1171, pl. 1. Depth of body 34 to 32 times in total length, length of head 25 times. Snout longer than postocular part of head; lower jaw projecting ; eye 12 to 13 times in length of snout, 32 to 4 times in length of head, nearly twice interorbital width ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 series of teeth in the upper jaw; 7 series of scales on the cheek. 12 or 13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 11-12; spines subequal, ? length of head; longest soft rays 2 length of head. Anal III 14; spines slender, third as long as dorsals. Pectoral about 2 length of head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. ™ 16-17 +19=35 36 in B. fero., 164+ 20=36 in se neunior, 29 Bou II/III 43 CICHLIDZ. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle ; 2 6-7 . 56-60 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales 65-75 5535; lateral lines siz. Purplish-grey spots forming 4 or 5 vertical bars on the anterior part of Fig. 298. Buthybates graueri. Type, after Steindachner (/. ¢.). 4. the body, 5 longitudinal bands on the posterior part; dorsal edged with purple, and with a purple longitudinal streak. Total length 202 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Vienna Museum. fo) 2. BATHYBATES FEROX. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 15, pl. iv. fig. 2, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 429 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 364, pl. vii. fiz. 3; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 564 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exxet, 1911, p.2117. Depth of body 32 to 44 times in total length, length of head 24 to 3 times. Head 24 to 3 times as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, much longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than post- ocular part of head ; lower jaw projecting ; eye 14 to 14 times in length of snout, 34 to 4 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; 4 series of teeth in upper jaw, 3 in lower; 5 to 7 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, 13 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XITV-—XV 15-16; spines rather feeble, subequal from the fifth, BATHYBATES. 459) to 7 length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. nal LIL 16-17; spines feeble, third shorter than last dorsals. Pectoral ea|to S AIH to # length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Vig. 299. Bathybates ferox. Type (Tr. Z. 8S. 1898). 2. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales very small and irregular on the back and below the lateral lines, 78-100 —— lateral lines =e Bluish grey or greenish blue above, white beneath ; longitudinal series of dark spots may be present on the body, the largest above the upper lateral line; dorsal and anal bluish grey, pectorals, ventrals, and caudal yellowish ; one or two dark streaks on the dorsal. ‘Total length 320 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type: Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). Deykds Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunningion (C.). 3. Ad. Kasalakave. s 4, Skel. ” ye As S. end of Lake. Prof. J. HE. 8. Moore (C.). 6. Ad. Kalambo. ¢. Ad. W. coast of Lake. Sy Ald! Usambura. - ro So . Her. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 440 CICHLID.®. 3. BATHYBATES HORNI. Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exx. i. 1911, p. 1173, pl. il. Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 23 times. Snout longer than postocular part of head; lower jaw projecting ; eye 32 times in length of head, exceeding interorbital width; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye ; 3 series of teeth in the upper jaw; 9 series of scales on the cheek. 9 gill-rakers on lower part of auterior arch. Dorsal XIV 14; spines subequal, 7 length of head ; Fig. 300, Bathybates horni. Type, after Steindachner (J. ¢.). Rl . longest soft rays } length of head. Anal III 17; spines slender, third as long as dorsals. Pectoral about % length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral neariy reaching anal. Candal deeply notched, Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 85 an lateral lines : Head with 4, body with 14 sharply defined dark brown vertical ; dorsal fin with a dark edge. Total length 240 millim, Lake 'Tanganyika.—Type in Vienna Museum. bars : 4. BATHYBATES VITTATUS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 445. Depth of body 45 times in total length, length of head 5 times. IIead 25 times as long as broad; snout with slightly convex upper profile, much longer than broad, longer than postocular part of head ; lower jaw projecting ; eye twice in length of snout, 4} times in length BATHYBATES. 44] of head, equal to interocular width; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 or 5 series of teeth in upper jaw, 3 in lower ; 8 or 9 series of scales on the cheek. Géill-rakers short, 12-13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 14; spines rather fecble, subequal from the fifth or ‘sixth, about } lengih of head, penultimate a little shorter than last; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal III 14-15; spines feeble, third barely 2 length of longest dorsals. Pectoral 2 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral 2 the distance between its base and vent. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 120- 125 — lateral | nes pet Brownish above, whitish beneath, with 4 or 5 dark brown longitudinal bands on each side; dorsal with blackish spots; ventrals and anal yellow. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congu Museum, Tervueren. 1, One of the types. Kilewa Pay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 5. BATHYBATRS FASCIATUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 3, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 430 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 158, pl. xvii. fig. 2; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 365 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 564 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, cxx. i. 1911, p. 1175. Depth of body 44 to 42 times in total length, length of head 5 to 33 times. Head 2} to 24 times as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, much longer than broad, as long as postocular part of head; lower jaw projecting ; eye 1} to 2 times in length of snout, 4 to 5 times in length of head, 14 to 12 times in interorbital width; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 series of teeth in upper jaw, 3 in lower; 8 to 11 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers moderately long, 16 to 19 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 16-17; spines rather feeble, subequal from the fifth, or penultimate a little shorter than last, about + length of head; longest soft rays about 3 length of head. Anal III 17-18; spines feeble, third shorter than longest dorsals. Pectoral 2 length of head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral not 4 as long as the distance between its base and vent. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep. Scales as in B. ferov, but smaller still, 140-150 Bae - lateral lines a Brownish above, white beneath; a serics of large, rounded, blackish spots on each side of the back above the lateral line, alternating witha 412 CICHLID.E. series of vertical blackish bars on each side of the body; on the tail, from below the middle of the dorsal, the spots unite into a band which extends to the caudal, and the vertical bars likewise fuse to form a Fig. 301. Bathybates fasciatus. Type (Tr. ZS. 1901). 2. lateral band ; a blackish spot on the opercle, another at the base of the ventral; two black bands on the dorsal, a basal and a marginal, on only one, the marginal. Total length 835 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1. Type. W. coast of Lake. Prot..J. B.S. Moore (C.). 2. Ad. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 6. BATHYBATES MINOR. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvil. 1906, p. 564, pl. xxxviil. fig. 1. Depth of body 83 to 3% times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 2? to 3$ times as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; lower jaw projecting; eye slightly shorter than snout, 34 to 32 times in length of head, slightly exceeding interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 or 3 series of teeth in upper jaw, 2 in lower; 9 series of scales on the cheek. Gill- rakers rather short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII 15-16, deeply notched, the eighth to eleventh spines being only about half as long as the fifth and last, which are the longest and measure about > length of head; longest soft rays = to } length of head. Anal Ill 16-17; spines feeble. Pectoral 4 length of head. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal deeply notehed. Caudal peduncle BATHYBATES.—HAPLOTAXODON. 445 13 to 13 times as long as deep. - Scales small and very irregular, 90- 910 ey 63-71 sre ; 9D 5-39; lateral lines 37-39, Brown above, silvery on the sides and Fig. 302. Bathybates minor. Type (Tr. Z. 8S. 1906). 4. below; spinous dorsal black, white at the base ; a black streak along the middle of the soft dorsal, which is white below the streak. Total length 160 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. Type. Kituta. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 2. Type. Lofu. Ri 3-6. Types. Usambura Market. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (C.). (19. Ve. Mbete. Dr. W. A. Cunnington ((.). 14. Ad. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 15. Skel. Albertville. Capt. Heeq (C.). 18. HAPLOTAXODON. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1906, p. 565. Body elongate, strongly compressed, covered with small ctenoid scales ; two lateral lines, the upper complete. Mouth nearly vertical, directed upwards, with a single series of small, equal, conical teeth. Maxillary exposed at the end. Dorsal with 17 or 18 spines, anal with 3. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 38 (19419). Lake ‘Tanganyika. 444 CICH LID. 1, HAPLOTAXODON MICROLEPIS. Bouleng. t. c. p. 566, pl. xxxviil. fig. 2. Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length, length of head 33 to 33 times. Head about twice as longas broad ; snout much shorter than eye, chin very prominent ; eye very large, 2? to 3 times in length of head (chin included), much exceeding interorbital width ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 or 8 series of scales on the cheek. Gill- rakers long and slender, closely set, 18 to 21 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVIII 11-13; spines strong, equal in length from the ninth or tenth, 3 length of head ; longest soft rays about 3 length of head. Fig. 303. Haplotaxodon invicrolepis. Type (Tr. Z. 8.1901). 4. Anal III 9; spines very strong, third $ length of head. Pectoral slightly shorter than head, not extending to origin of anal. Ventral produced into a filament extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 70-77 ane lateral lines pate 4 or 5 series of scales between the lateral lines in front. Olive or grey above, shading off to silvery white below ; four or five dark bars may be present across the back, and a dark spot at the base of the caudal; dorsal and caudal grey-brown, with yellowish-white large round spots; anal and ventrals white, tinged with yellow. ‘Total length 210 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. Type. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A Cunnington (C.,). 2, Type. Kasanga, 3, Skel, Kasawa. 4, Ad. Talo, Dr. L, Stappers Cee CYRTOCARA. 445 19. CYRTOCARA, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p.69 ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 287. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with broad bands of conical, slightly curved teeth, the outer enlarged and pointing outwards. End of maxillary exposed. Dorsal fin with 15 or 16 spines, anal with 3 or 4; membrane between dorsal and anal spines with rectilinear edge, not forming lappets. Lake Nyassa. Fig. 304. Cyrtocura noorit. Type, and outline of head of second specimen. 2. 1. CYRTOCARA MOORII. Bouleng. t.c. p. 70; Pellegr. 1. ¢. Depth of body 23 to 24 times in total length, length of head 34 to. 32 times. Head twice as long as broad; forehead with a strong dermal gibbosity ; snout short, its profile descending very steeply; lower jaw projecting ; eye 34 to 4 times in length of head, much less than inter- orbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 or 446 CICHLID®. 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 11; spines rather feeble, increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly } length of head; longest soft rays as long as head. Anal III-IV 8-9; last spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal, or not quite so far. Ventral as long as or longer than head. Caudal densely scaled, deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales very finely, sometimes rather indistinctly denticulate, 33-36 oS lateral lines a. Brown or blue- black ; tail edged with orange in life. Total length 185 millim. Lake Nyassa, 1. Type. LL. Nyassa. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 2. Ad. 95 Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P.). 20. ECTODUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 21, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 437 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 367 (part.). Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth small, conical, in two or three series, those of the outer series in the lower jaw directed outwards, perpendicular to the inner. Maxillary entirely folding under the preorbital. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a strong protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 13 or 14 spines, anal with 3. Occipital and parietal crests low, extending to between the orbits. Vertebrae 36 (17419). Lake ‘Tanganyika. Connected with LPelmatochromis through P. macrops, P. stappersii, and P, pleurospilus. 1, ECTODUS DESCAMPSII. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 21, fig., 1899, p. 90, pl. xix. fig. 2, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 144, pl. liv. fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 438 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 367 ; Boulcng. Tr. Zoo]. Soc. xvil. 1906, p. 568. Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout rounded, as long as broad or a little broader than long, shorter than eye, which ECTODUS.—ENANTIOPUS. 447 is 24 to 24 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 2 or 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 11-12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XILI-XIV 13-15; spines weak, subequal from the eighth or increasing in length to the last, which measures } to 3 length of head; soft rays not or but slightly longer than the spines. Anal III 8-11. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or a little beyond. Caudal with Ectodus descampsit. Moliro (Tr. Z. 8S, 1899). Faile) deep crescentic notch, Caudal peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 34-38 ei ; lateral lines oa Brown above, yellowish beneath ; a dark spot sometimes present on the posterior part of the spinous portion. Total length 95 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. eo. Aca: Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Ay Skel. 93 99m: 4. Ad. Uvira. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 21. ENANTIOPUS. Ectodus, part., Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 21, and Puiss. Buss. Congo, p- 437 (1900) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 367. Enantiopus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 569. Body elongate ; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. ‘Teeth small, conical, in two series, those of the outer series of the lower jaw directed outwards, nearly perpendicular to the inner. Maxillary nearly entirely folding under the preorbital. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a strong protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 13 to 15 spines, anal with 3, 448 CICHLID.E. Inner rays of ventrals the longest. Occipital and parietal crests very low, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 38 (14424). Lake Tanganyika. Two species :— Depth of body 5 to 5 times in total length ; snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile; Sc. 40-44 a . . + « L. EF. melanogenys, Blgr., p. 448. Depth of body 4} times in total length ; snout with stronely curved upper profile ; Se. 99 40 222 caine 2. I. ochrogenys, Blgr., p. 449. Fig. 306. Pte at cy. 5 ’ Sas He, eS OR. Enantiopus melanogenys. Male and female (Tr. Z. 8. 1899 and 1901). 1. ENANTIOPUS MELANOGENYS. “ctodus melanogenys, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 21, fig., 1889, p. 91, pl. xix. fig. 3, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. 1. p. 145, pl. liv. fig. 3 (1900), Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 439 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 154, pl. xix. fia. 4; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 368. Ectodus longianalis, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 91, pl. xix. fig. 4, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 145, fig. 4, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 439. Enantiopus melanogenys, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 569. Enantiopus longianalis, Bouleng. |. ¢. Depth of body 5 to 53 times in total length, length of head 35 to 54 times. Head 2 to 23 times as long as broad; snout with straight or slightly convex upper profile, a little longer than broad, 1} (young) to ENANTIOPUS. 449 1% times as long as eye, which is 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head and equals or exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 3 series of scales ou the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 11 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XILI-XV 15-17; spines feeble, increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 3 length of head ; last soft rays produced in the adult, at least 2 length of head. Anal III 13-17; third spine $ length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 40—44 oo lateral lines a Grey or brown above, with or without a pale blue spot on each scale, white beneath ; a lateral series of dark spots may be present ; a dark opercular spot; adult with the chin and the branchiostegal membrane blackish ; a large dark spot may be present in the middle of the spinous dorsal; ventral and anal edged with black in the adult; male with large black and white ocelli on the spinous dorsal and oblique dark bands on the soft; caudal with or without crescentic dark bands. Total length 135 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1, Ads Moliro. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 2-3. Ad. . Dr. W. A, Cunnington (C.). 4—5, Ad. Mbete. ‘ 6-7. Hgr. Kigoma. 8. Ad. Semburi. “a 9. Ad. Rumonge. hk 10-12. Ad. Usambura. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 13. Skel. 7 if 14, Ad. Tulo. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 2. ENANTIOPUS OCHROGENYS. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 444. | Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 34 to 31 times, Head 2 to 23 times as long as broad; snout with strongly curved upper profile, as long as broad, as long as eye, which is 3 times in length of head and % interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 5 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIV 14-15; spines feeble, 450 CICHLIDZ. subequal from the eighth, which measures $ length of head; longest soft rays 4 to 3 length of head. Anal III 13; third spine 4 length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Inner rays of ventral produced, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 38-40 = lateral lines a Brownish above, yellowish beneath, throat and breast white; lips and chin bright yellow ; two series of elongate brown spots on the sides of the body; a blackish opercular spot; a blackish spot at base of caudal ; dorsal white with bright yellow spots and a purplish streak within the upper border; anal with a purplish streak between two bright yellow ones; ventral and caudal with bright yellow spots, the latter with two purplish crescentic bands. Total length 95 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). Ectodus albini, Steind. Anz. Ak. Wien, 1909, p. 427, from L. 'Tan- ganyika, probably belongs to Enantiopus, differing from E. ochrogenys chiefly in the number of dorsal spines. D. XII-XIII 13-15. A. IIT 12-14. Se. 37-38. Lat. 1. Ga. 22. STAPPERSIA. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. i. 1914, p. 445. Body elongate ; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Mouth small, horizontal, very protractile; teeth very small, conical, in 4 or 5 series. Maxillary exposed at the end. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a strong protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 13 to 15 spines, anal with 3. Inner rays of ventrals the longest. Lake Tanganyika. 1. STAPPERSIA SINGULARIS. Bouleng. 1. c. Depth of body 43 to 44 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout with strongly curved upper profile, a little longer than eye, which is oval, 3 times in length of head, and much exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril STAPPERSIA.—XENOTILAPIA. 451 and eye; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short and broad, rounded, 10 or 1] on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 13- 14; spines feeble, subequal from the sixth or seventh, 4 length of head ; longest soft rays $ to 2 length of head. Anal III 13-14; third spine shorter than longest dorsals. Pectoral as long as head, extending beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal panne 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 37-38 ; os lateral lines = a Yellowish or brownish above, with small brown spots; a lateral series of larger round dark brown spots, the last at the base of the caudal; a black opercular spot ; a purplish-brown streak along the upper part .of the dorsal and of the anal, and on each lobe of the caudal. Total length 90 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Tulo. Dr. I. Stappers (C.). 23. XENOTILAPIA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 92, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 3, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 441 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 369. Body elongate; scales ctenoid; three lateral lines, the upper complete, the others incomplete. Mouth small, horizontal, very pro- tractile; teeth very small and conical, in two or three series, the outer in the lower jaw directed forwards and perpendicularly to the others. Maxillary folding under the preorbital. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 13 to 15 spines, anal with 3. Inner rays of ventials the longest. Qccipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 34-35 (13-14 +4 20-22). Lake ‘Tanganyika. Two species :-— Depth of body 32 to 44 times in total length ; 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arche:JAa TMi 1O a 2 ei pI eX. sma, Blory pe452. Depth of body 34 to 3} times in as of opie : 15-17 gill-rakers; A. TII 7-8 . . . . 2. X, ornatipinnis, Blgr., p. 453. =~ [ebir LO CICHLID.®. 1. XENOTILAPIA SIMA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 92, pl. xix. fig. 5, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. 1. p. 147, pl. liv. fig. 5 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 441 (1901); Pellegr. Méin. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 370: Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 569. Depth of body 32 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 34 times. Snout very short and deep, with very steep convex upper profile ; eye very large, oval, 2} times in length of head and much exceeding interorbital width; mouth nearly straight, horizontal, extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers very short, broad, truncate, 9 on lower part of ee arch. Dorsal XIV—XV 12-14; spines subequal from the fifth, 4 length of head; longest soft rays 2 length of head. Anal III 11-12; “third spine as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral as long as head, extending beyond Fie. 307. ett = ae ee G >) Geea Xenotilapra sima, Type (Tr. Z. S. 1899). vertical of origin of anal. Ventral extending a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales strongly denticulate, 37-41 oon: lateral 35-36 lines as I-28, Brownish above, with or without a few large round darker 5-18 spots, es beneath ; a blackish opercular spot; a shining golden spot on the suboperculum ; dorsal greyish, other fins yellowish. Total length 150 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Moliro. Capt. Lemaire ((.). 2. Ad, Albertville. Capt. Heeq (C.). 3. Skel. _ ‘3 AF Tale Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). XENOTILAPIA.—GRAMMATOTRIA. 453 2. XENOTILAPIA ORNATIPINNIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 3, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 442 (LOL). and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 154, pl. xviii. fig. 2; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 370. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34 to 3} times in total length. Head as in the preceding. 15 to 17 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIII-XV 12-13; spines subequal from the fifth or sixth, 2 length of head. Anal III 7-S; third spine as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched, crescentic, Caudal 28-32 peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales 34-37 ; lateral lines 15-18. 4-12 Fig. 308. Xenotilapia ornatipiniis. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1901). Pale brownish; a more or less distinct silvery lateral band; spinous dorsal black-edged ; large blackish spots or oblique bars on the dorsal ; upper lobe of caudal edged with blackish ; a chevron-shaped blackish band lower down on the caudal, disposed asymmetrically. Total length 110 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-6. Types. Kibwesi. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 7. Skel. ‘9 >> 24. GRAMMATOTRIA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 90, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 443 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 369. Body elongate ; scales ctenoid ; three incomplete lateral lines. ‘Teeth conical, the outer moderately large, the inner minute and forming a 30 Bou II/III 4o4 CICHLID. narrew band. Maxillary exposed at the end. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a strong protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 15 spines, anal with 38 or 4. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 36 (14422). Lake Tanganyika. 1. GRAMMATOTRIA LEMAIRII. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 90, pl. xviii. fig. 3, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 146 (1901), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 443 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 369; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 569. Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3 times. Head 23 to 24 times as long as broad; snout with slightly Fig. 309. Granunatotria lemairre. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). 2. convex upper profile, longer than broad, longer than postocular part of head; eye 3 to 32 times in length of head, equal to or a little exceeding interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 4 or 5 series; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers rather short, 10 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 14-15; spines rather feeble, equal from the fifth or seventh, + or 3 length of head; soft rays not or but little longer. Anal III-IV 10-11; last spine a little stronger, but shorter, than dorsal. Pectoral # to % length of head, extending to, or nearly to, vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent, or not quite so far. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 2 to 23 times as long as deep. Scales finely denti- 41-52 ; lateral lines 24-28. Grey or pale brown above, 15 “ i) wy ne 4H culate, 92-95 Se GRAMMATOTRIA.—TREMATOCARA. 459 uniform or with irregular darker blotches ; a brown opercular spot ; a brown spot sometimes present at the root of the caudal; dorsal greyish with round light spots and finely edged with black; anal and ventrals yellowish. Total length 210 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. Depp: Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 2. Skel. be a OaeAGs Kasawa, . 4, Ad. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). ae Ad. Moliro. 5 6. Ad. Kapampa. hs 25. TREMATOCARA. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 89, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 444 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 365. Body moderately elongate ; scales cycloid; a single lateral line, the upper, reduced to a few tubules. ‘Teeth very minute, conical, in a narrow band; maxillary entirely concealed under the preorbital when the mouth is closed. Nasal, frontal, pre- and suborbital, preopercular, and mandibular bones with very large and deep cavities separated by narrow septa and covered with a thin skin. Dorsal with 9 to 12 spines, anal with 3. Vertebra 31 (12419). Lake Tanganyika. Synopsis of the Species. D. IX-X 11; A.IIT 10; Sc. 28-303; 10-16 gill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch; caudal [p. 455. peduncle 14 times as longas deep. . . . . 1. 7. marginatum, Blgr., D. X 11-12; A. TIE 10; Sc. 29-305; 20-21 gill- rakers ; caudal peduncle 14 times as long as [p. 456. deep. os ot SeenON Beene diveo. L. negmprons. Digts, D. X-XII 9-11; A. III 7-8; Se. 30-325; 17-18 gill-rakers ; caudal peduncle nearly twice as [p. 457. longasdeep. . ...... =.=. =. =. & LF. unimaculatum, Blgr., 1. TREMATOCARA MARGINATUM. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 89, pl. xix. fig. 1, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 142, pl. liv. fig. 1 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 444 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 366; Bouleng. Tr. Zool: Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 570. 456 CICHLID®, Depth of body 3 to 35 times in total length, length of head 22 to 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with curved upper profile, shorter than eye, which is 23 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; cheek naked. Gill-rakers short, 10 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal [X—X 11; spines 2 length of head, a little shorter than longest soft rays. Anal III 10; third spine nearly as long as dorsals. Pectoral as long as head. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long Fig. 310. Lvematocara maryginatum. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1899). as deep. Scales 28-302; lateral line reduced to a few (6 or 7) short tubes behind the head. Pale brownish above, white beneath ; a bluish lateral stripe ; fins yellowish, dorsal and anal edged with blackish. Total length 63 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervneren. 1. Type. Moliro. Capt. Lemaire (C.). 2, Ad. Albertville. Capt. Hecq (C.). Oe AG. Usambura Market. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 4, Ad. Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 2. TREMATOCARA NIGRIFRONS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 570, pl. xli. fig. 1. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with curved upper profile, a little shorter than eye, which is 2% times in length of head and a little exceeds interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye ; cheek naked. Gill-rakers long and slender, closely set, 20 or 21 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X 11-12 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head ; longest soft rays length of head. Anal III 10; third spine as long as TREMATOCAAR. 45 “I Jast dorsal. Pectoral a little longer than bead. Ventral not reaching origin of anal. Caudal with deep cresccntic notch. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales 29-30 = lateral line 7-8. Yellow; a blackish bar across the interorbital region; dorsal and anal fins with a blackish streak near the edge, which is white. Total length 75 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Sumbu. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). LTrenutocura nyrifrons. Type (Tr. Z, 8S. 1906). Fig. 312. Trematocara unimaculatun. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). 3. TREMATOCARA UNIMACULATUM. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 3, Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 445 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 155, pl. xviii. fig. 3; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 366; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 570. Depth of body 3 to 33 times in total length, length of head 23 to 2 times. Head 24 times as long as broad; snout as long as broad, with 458 CICHLIDA, curved upper profile, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to 384 times in length of head and nearly double interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; cheek naked. Guill- rakers short, 17 or 18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X-XII 9-11; spines increasing in length to the sixth or seventh, which measures 3 length of head; soft rays scarcely longer. Anal III 7--8 ; third spine nearly as long as dorsals. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales 30-32 S ; lateral line 5-14. Silvery, brownish above; a large, round, black spot on posterior third of spinous part of dorsal, rarely followed by a second. Total length 120 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-9. Types. Usambura Market. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 10. Skel. 9 99 26. GEPHYROCHROMIS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) vii. 1901, p. 4, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 448 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 298. Body moderately elongate; scales feebly ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with a band of very small tricuspid teeth, with an outer series of larger, closely set, conical, strongly incurved teeth. Maxillary exposed at the end. Dorsal with 17 spines, anal with 3. Lake Tanganyika. 1. GEPHYROCHROMIS MOORII. Bouleng. 1]. cc. and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvi. 1901, p. 156, pl. xx. fig. 1; Pellegr. t. c. p. 299. Depth of body equal to length of head, 8 times in total length. Head twice as long as deep, with curved upper profile ; snout rounded, broader than long, as long as eye, which is 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 5 series, 56 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII 8; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 3 length of head and 3 longest soft rays. Anal III 7; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a GEPHYROCHROMIS.—LAMPROLOGUS. 459 long filament extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal. rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales very indistinctly denticulate, 30 a lateral lines a Uniform pale brown. Total length 120 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. Type. N. end of L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). Gephyrochromis moorii. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1901). 27. LAMPROLOGUS. Schilthuis, Tijdschr. Neder]. Dierk. Ver. (2) iii. 1891, p- 85; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 134, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 396 (1001); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 104, p. 288. Lepidiolamprologus, Pellegr. t. c. p. 295. Body short or more or less elongate; scales strongly denticulate, very small on nape and anterior part of back; two incomplete lateral lines, or the lower absent. ‘Teeth conical, forming a villiform band with more or less strongly enlarged canines in front of each jaw. End of maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 16 to 21 spines, anal with 4 to 10. Occipital and parietal crests strong, the former extending to between the orbits; preemaxillary process extending to between the orbits. Vertebra 31-35 *, Congo and Lake Tanganyika. * 31 (15416) in Z. congolensis, 32 (14418) in LZ. lemairii. 35 (17 +18) in L. modestus. 3) (16419) in LZ. furcifer. 460 CICHLID %. Synopsis of the Species. I, Caudal rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate. A. 4 anal spines; scales 40-53 ; caudal rounded. D. XVIII-XIX 11; A. IV 7; Sc. 40-43 5; 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; mouth Cae to below anterior border of eye. . . bt wale ar Gee wy ke D. XX 10; A. IV 7; Sc. 41 5; 10 gill- rakers ; mouth not extending to below anterior border of eye . . . a ee Neh towels D. XX 11; A. IV 7-8; Se. 47-53 8 6-8 gill-rakers; mouth extending to below anterior border of @yeve 3s) 2s ev (4! eB. B. 5 to 7 anal spines. 1. Less than 60 scales in a longitudinal series. a. Caudal rounded or subacuminate. a. Two lateral lines. D. XVIII-XIX 8-10; A. VI-VII 5-6; Se. 42-53 — 9-10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch . . . . . 4 2. D. ae nee 8-9; at Uniform grey to olive, rather lighter below; dorsal edged with yellow, with yellow a) Oe Fig. 323, Lamprologus mondabu. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1906). 2. spots; upper half of caudal minutely spotted with yellow, lower half darker. Total length 105 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kahoge. Dr. W, A. Cunnington (C.). 12. LAMPROLOGUS ?STEINDACHNERI. Julidochromis elongatus, Steind. Anz, Ak. Wien, 1909, p. 403. Depth of body nearly 4 times in total length, length of head nearly 3 times. Snout longer than eye, which is nearly 4 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width; cheek naked. Dorsal XVII 9. Anal VI 8. Pectoral # length of head. Caudal truncate. Scales 38-40 a lateral lines ae Brownish yellow, dorsal scales edged with dark brown; a dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; a very small dark opercular spot. ‘Total length 60 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Vienna Museum. 13. LAMPROLOGUS ? BOULENGERI. Julidochromis boulengeri, Steind. Anz. Ak, Wien, 1909, p. 400. Depth of body 32 to 33 times in total length, length of head 3 to 3 times. Snout as long as ora little longer than eye, which is 3 time 1 4 S 472 CICHLID, in length of head and double interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior third of eye; 4 to 6 large canines in front of each jaw; cheek naked. Dorsal XVIII-XIX 9-11. Anal VI 4-7. Pectoral 2 about 3 length of head. Caudal truncate, slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Scales 60-62 oe lateral lines se Brownish yellow; a series of square brown spots, alternately larger and smaller, along the base of the dorsal and a second series, 8 in number, along each side. Total length 62 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Types in Vienna Museum. Lamprologus elongatus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 2 14. LAMPROLOGUS ELONGATUS, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 9, pl. i. fig. 6, Poiss. Bass, Congo, p. 398 (1901), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 556. Lepidiolamprologus elongatus, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 295. Depth of body 33 to 42 times in total length, length of head 23 to 3 times. Head 24 to 24 times as long as broad, with slightly convex upper profile; snout 1} (young) to 3 times diameter of eye, which is 4% to § times in length of head and 1 to 14 times in interorbital width ; chin slightly projecting ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 6 to 8 large canines, wide apart, in front .of each jaw, followed by a band of minute teeth, this band narrow in the young and broad in the adult; lateral teeth small; cheek naked in the young, covered with very small scales in the adult. Gill-rakers rather short, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-XVIII 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last. which measures 4 length of head ; LAMPROLOGUS. 473 longest soft rays + to 3 length of head. Anal V-VI 7-9 ; last spine as long as or a little hanes than last dorsal. Pectoral } length of head. Ventral reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle : 2 ul : 36-56 3 times as long as deep. Scales 85-99 = 3g; Jateral lines 15-30" Brown to blackish brown, with lighter mottling; young with dark spots with a tendency to form cross-bars; vertical fins dark brown, with small darker or lighter spots. Total length 325 millim. Lake Tanganyika. i Ly pe. Mbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 2, Type. Kinyamkolo. ms 3, Ad: Niamkolo, off Mtondwe Id. Dr. W. A. Cunnington ((.). AY go: Niamkolo Bay. = de Ler. Sumbu. i 15. LAMPROLOGUS PLEUROSTIGMA. Bouleng. Rev. Zool. Afr. iii. 1914, p. 443. eo of body 5 times in total length, length of head 38 3h to 33 times. Head 24 to 23 times as long as broad; snout with convex upper profile, 1 to 13 diameters of eye, which is 32 to 4 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; chin projecting; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 or 6 very large canines, wide apart, in front of each jaw, followed by a moderately broad band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; small scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers rather long, 15-16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal pel aie. 10; spines increasing in length to a} eo which measures 2 to nearly 4 length of head; longest soft rays 4 to 2 length of head. yes VeVi I 8—9 ; last spine $ length of head. Beeraeallee length of head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 85-90 ue lateral lines ee -Brown above, lighter beneath, with darker variegations and an elongate horizontal blackish spot on the side in front of the lower lateral line; a small black opercular spot ; ' vertical fins brownish, soft dorsal and anal with small darker spots; pectorals yellow; ventrals blackish. Total length 150 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Jervueren. 1. One of the types. Kailewa Bay. Dr. T.. Stappers ((.). 474 CICHLIDZ., 16. LAMPROLOGUS CUNNINGTONI. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 357, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2 Depth of body 33 to 42 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head twice as long as broad, with straight or slightly convex upper profile; snout obtusely pointed, 14 to 2 times as long as eye, which is contained 4 to 5 times in length of head and 1 to 14 times in interorbital width ; mouth not extending quite to below anterior border of eye; 6 large canines in front of upper jaw, 4 in front of lower, followed by a rather broad band of minute villiform teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek naked, Gill-rakers short, 7 or 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XX-XXI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 3 to 2 length of head; soft dorsal acutely pointed 2 behind, longest ray } to 2 length of head. Anal V 7-8; last spine as long Lanprologus cunningtont. Type (P. Z. 8. 1906). 2 3° as last dorsal spine. Pectoral 3 to 2 length of head. Ventral reaching vent or a little beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales 83-87 3 lateral lines — brown above, white beneath; small light spots on the sides; five or six more or less distinct dark bars across the back ; vertical fins brown, with rather indistinct small roundish light spots. Young with seven or eight regular dark bars on the body. Total length 190 millim. Lake Tanganyika, Greyish 1-2. Ty; es. Moliro, Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 3-4. Ye. Mbete. 25 a ». Hgr. Songwe. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). G-7. Ad, & her. Kilewa Bay. LAMPROLOGUS. es) 17. LAMPROLOGUS LEMAIRII. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1899, p. 88, pl. xviii. fig. 1, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 140, pl. lili. fig. 1 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 402 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 292; Bouleng. 'I'r. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 558. Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 2? to 3 times. Head 12 to 2 times as long as broad; snout as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3 to 4 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond; 4 or 6 large curved canine teeth, wide apart, in front of each jaw, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth ; lateral teeth rather large, some in the lower jaw canine-like; cheek naked. Gill- rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch, Dorsal XIX 7 Fig. 326. Lamprologus lemairii. Type (A. M. C.). (rarely XVIII 8); spines subequal from the fifth or increasing in length to the last, about 2 to 4 length of head and } to $ longest soft rays. Anal VIII 5-6; last spine as long as ora little longer than longest dorsals. Pectoral 2 length of head. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales 40-48 oe lateral lines — Light brown to dark brown above, lighter or white beneath, uniform or most of the scales with a dark edge, and with three more or less distinct oblique dark bars on the back; a dark band from the eye to the maxillary; a black opercular spot; dorsal and anal blackish on the edge, the former usually with a large black spot between the four or five first spines of the dorsal; ventrals sometimes black. A476 CiCHLID-E. Total length 230 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Ad. Kibwesi. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). os Her. Msambu. sf 4-9. Ad. & her. Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 10. Skel. 3 A Li. Ad, Moliro. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 12-13. Ad. Vua Bay. = 18. LAMPROLOGUS CALLIVIERODS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 559, pl. xxxvi. fig. 4. Depth of body equal to length of head, 54 to 34 times in total length. IIead twice as long as broad; snout 14 to 13 times as long as eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of head and nearly equals interorvital Fig. 327. Lamprologus callipterus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1906). 3. width; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 6 or 8 large canines in front of each jaw, followed by a moderately broad band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek entirely naked or nearly so. Gill-rakers rather long, 9 to 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVIII-X1IX 9-10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly } length of head ; longest soft ray 3 to $ length of head. Anal VII-VIII 7-8; last spine nearly as long as last dorsal. Pectoral about 32 length of head. Ventral more or less produced, reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle : 1 90 4-/) ° 1} to 14 times as lone as deep. Scales 38-44 j,47; lateral lines LAMPROLOGUS. 477 23-25 sx Brown or olive above, paler or white beneath, the scales edged with darker; dorsal fin with a yellow border finely edged with blackish, this border continued on the upper third of the caudal; vertical fins with numerous small round whitish spots. Total length 125 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika, Dgillype: Mpala. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Dea ae Types. Niamkolo. ” a AG Kaboge. ” 19. LAMPROLOGUS FASCIATUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 7, pl. i. fig. 2, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 406 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 293. Depth of body 4 times in total length, leneth of head 3 times. Head 2, times as long as broad; snout as long as eye, which is 3 times in length of head and equals 3 interorbital width; mouth extending Fig. 328. Lamprologus fasciatus. Type (Tr. Z.S. 1898). 4. to below anterior border of eye; & rather large canines in front of upper jaw, and 6 in front of lower, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek naked. Gill-rakers very short, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIX 8; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures $ length of head and nearly equals longest soft rays. Anal X 6; last spine a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral } length of head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Cuudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 46 Le lateral lines — Yellowish, with 11 dark brown cross-bands, the first on the vertex ; fins greyish, dorsal and anal edged with blackish. Total length 70 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. ie Type: Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 478 CICHLIDZ. 20. LAMPROLOGUS BREVIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 115, pl. xliv. fig. 2 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 405 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 294 ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 561. Depth of body 23 to 3 times in total length, length of head 5 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as or shorter than eye, which is 2% to 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; 6 canines, outer largest, in front of each jaw, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek naked. Gill-rakers rather short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVIII 6-7 ; spines subequal from the fifth, about 2? length of head; longest soft rays about 4 length of head. Anal VII-IX 5-6; last spine as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral about 3 length of head. Ventral reaching origin of anal or a little beyond. Caudal rounded, Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Lamprologus brevis, Type (A. M.C.). Scales 30-35 ae lateral lines = Uniform brown above, whitish beneath; a black opercular spot; fins brown, without spots, dorsal tipped with black, ventrals black at the end. Total length 45 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Ad. Rumonge. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 21. LAMPROLOGUS MOORII. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 8, pl. i. fig. 4, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 404 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém, Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 292. Depth of body 2} times in total length, length of head 3 or 3} times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as eye, which is 3 to 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 8 to 10 rather large canines in front of each jaw, followed by a moderately broad band of minute teeth; lateral LAMPROLOGUS. 479 teeth small; cheek naked or with deciduous scales. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIX-XX 8-9; spines increasing sliglitly in length to the last, which measures nearly 3 length of head; median soft rays produced, at least ? length of head. Anal VII-VIII 6-7 ; last spine a little longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral # to $ length of head. Ventral produced into a long vs Caudal o- Sea Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 33-35 ;7,; lateral 24-98 : : lines G43. Dark brown ; fins blackish. ‘Total length 95 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3 Types. Mbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). —5. Types. Kinyamkolo. “! Fig. 330. el alae LOT LL. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 4. 22, LAMPROLOGUS See SSSICEPS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 7, pl. 1. . fig. 3, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 405 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. ane, xvi. 1904, p. 294. Depth of body 23 to 22 times in total length, length of head 22 to 23 times. Head strongly compressed, 25 to 2% times as long as broad, with concave upper profile; snout a little longer than eye, which is 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; pramaxillary pro- cesses very long, extending far between the orbits; 6 large canines in front of upper jaw and 4 in front of lower, followed by a narrow 480 CICHLIDE band of minute teeth; lateral teeth rather small; cheek naked. Gill- rakers moderately long, 15 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XX-XXI 6; spines increasing in length to the sixth, which measures 3 length of head, the last a little shorter. Anal X 5; last spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral } to 2 length of head. Ventral produced into a filament. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a 99 22-23 little deeper than long. Scales 32-33 a lateral lines ¢45- Brown, uniform or with traces of five darker vertical bars, which are more distinct in the young; pectoral bright yellow, other fins brown, blackish towards the edge. Total length 83 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C:). On \ 0% Niamkolo. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). Lan proloyus compressiceps. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 3. 23. LAMPROLOGUS TANIURUS. souleng. Rey. Zool. Afr. ili. 1914, p. 444. Depth of body 23 to 2§ times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 22 to'3 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth extending to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye; 4 or 6 canines, outer largest, in front of each jaw, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek naked. Gill- rakers long and slender, 23 to 25 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal LAMPROLOGUS, 481 XVIII-XIX §; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 4 to 3 length of head; longest soft rays % to 3 length of head. Anal VII-VIII 7-8; last spine as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales 35-38 Se lateral lines ae Brownish : caudal peduncle and base of caudal with darker vertical bars; a black opercular spot; dorsal and anal edged with blackish. Total length 60 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Two of the types. Tulo. Dr. I. Stappers (C.). 24 GAMPROLOGUS CAMLIURUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 560, pl. xxxv. fig. 5. Depth of body 22 to 3 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout a little shorter than eye, which is Fig. 332. Lamprologus calliurus. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1906). 3 times in length of head and a little greater than interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 6 or 8 canines in front of each jaw, outer strong, curved, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth; lateral teeth small; cheek naked. Gill-rakers long and slender, 14 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVII-XVIII7; spines subequal from the eighth or ninth, about 3 length of head; soft rays a little longer. Anal VIII 6-8; last spine nearly as long as longest dorsals. Pectoral § length of head. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little deeper than long. Scales 559-36 483 lateral lines ae Yellow, brownish on the back, with rather indistinct darker bars across the back and across the caudal 482 CICHLIDZ. fin; a sharply defined black opercular spot, edged with silvery in front. Total length 50 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Tembwi. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). 25. LAMPROLOGUS RETICULATUS. Jouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xvii. 1906, p. 560, pl. xxxv. fig. 4. Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 54 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as eye, which is 34 times in length of head and cquals interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye ; 10 small canines in front of each jaw, followed by a narrow band of minute teeth; lateral teeth very small; a few scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal] XIX 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which Lamprologus reticulatus. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1906). 3. measures 3 length of head and is but slightly shorter than longest soft rays. Anal VIII 8; last spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral ? length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal truncate, slightly emarginate. ‘ : 4 ° Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales 39 ;,; lateral lines a 14: Brown, the scales edged with darker, the dark lines forming a reticulate pattern; dorsal and anal fins dark brown, with oblique rows of round whitish spots; caudal brown, with numerous, rather indistinct, light spots at the base, and an oblique whitish streak in the upper corner. Total length 62 millim. Lake Tanganyika, 1. Type. Vua. Dr. W. A. Cunnington (C.). LAMPROLOGUS, 483 26. LAMPROLOGUS FURCIFER. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 9, pl. it. fig. 1, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 407 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 295. Depth of body 4 to 45 times in total length, length of head 2# to 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3+ to 3% times in length of head and exceeds interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye ; 6 large canines, wide apart, in front of upper jaw, and 4 in front of lower, followed by a moderately broad band of minute teeth; lateral teeth very small; cheek with deciduous scales. Gill-rakers short, 14 to 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XIX—XXI 7-9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head; Fig. 334. Lamprologus furcifer. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 3. ¢ some of the soft rays produced, 3 to }# length of head. Anal VI-VII 5-6; last spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral $ length of head. Ventral reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 14 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales 50-60 — lateral lines = Dark brown, with very indistinct blackish cross-bars on the body; spinous dorsal and ventrals blackish ; round black spots on the soft dorsal and caudal; caudal lobes tipped with whitish. Total length 125 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 484 CICHLID®. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo, Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 3-5. Ad. & ligr. Msambu. 55 6. Ad, Mbity Rocks. y (ims ].. Tanganyika. . 8. Skel. 45 - 28. JULIDOCHROMIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 11, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 408 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 296. Body elongate ; scales strongly denticulate, very small on nape and anterior part of back ; two incomplete lateral lines. Mouth narrow, with massive mandible; teeth conical, forming a villiform band, with a few strongly curved canines in front, the outer of which are very large. End of maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 22 to 24 spines, anal with 8 or 9. Occipital and parietal crests strong, the former extending to between the orbits; suborbital replaced by a ligament. Vertebree 34 (17417). Lake Tanganyika. gan) Fig. 335. Julidochromis ormnatus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). &. 1. JULIDOCHROMIS ORNATUS. Bouleng. Il. ce. p. 12, pl. ii. fig. 4, and p. 408; Pellegr. |. c. Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head 33 to 3} times. Head twice as long as broad, with convex upper profile ; snout 1} to 2 times as long as eye, which is 43 to 5 times in length of head and 15 times in interorbital width ; mcuth extending to below nostril ; 4 or 6 canines in each jaw; cheek naked. Gill-rakers very short and tew. Dorsal XXII-XXIV 5; spines equal from the eight or tenth, Pr J ULIDOCHROMIS.—TELMATOCHROMIS. 485 3 length of head ; longest soft rays } to % length of head. Anal VIII- IX 4-6; last spine ? length of head. Pectoral about % length of head. Ventral produced into a filament, reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 45-50 nal lateral lines = Yellowish, with three dark brown stripes on each side, the lowermost from the end of the snout to the base of the caudal, the uppermost along the base of the dorsal; a large round dark brown spot on the base of the caudal; a small black spot at the base of the pectoral ; anal edged with brown ; caudal brown. Total length 85 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-3. Types. Mbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. 8S. Moore (U.). 4. Skel. 53 re oe Ad, LL. Tanganyika. ~ 29. TELMATOCHROMIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 10, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 446 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 297. Body elongate; scales strongly denticulate, very small on nape and anterior part of back; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with an outer series of large conical teeth and a broad band of small tricuspid teeth. End of maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 18 to 22 spines, anal with 6 or 7. Occipital crest strong, extending to between the orbits; no parietal crests; premaxillary processes extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 35 (16+17). Lake Tanganyika. ‘Two species :— D. XVITI-X XI 6-8 ; Se. 40-47 ae ; depth of body 3} to 34 times in total length . . . 1. 7. temporalis, Blgr., p. 485. Aero es Ai ahelt Metal D. XXI-XXIT 8; Se. 45-52 55; depth of body 4} to 42 times in'total length . . 2... 2. T. vittatus, Blgr., p. 486. 1. TELMATOCHROMIS TEMPORALIS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 11, pl. ii. fig. 3, and Poiss. Bass. Congo p. 447 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 297; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1901, p. 561. Depth of body 3} to 32 times in total length. length of head 5 to 32 Bou II/III 486 CICHLID®. 31} times. Head twice as long as deep; the profile descending in a curve; snout about 13 times as long as eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of head and equal to or a little less than interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 8 to 12 large conical teeth in each jaw; cheek naked. Gill-rakers very short and few. Dorsal XVIII-X XI 6-8 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures + to } length of head; longest soft rays % to # length of head. Anal VI-VII 6-7; last spine as long as or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral about 2 length of head. Ventral produced into a filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long. Scales 4-6 . 14-80 ; ; ; ; 40-47 ,-;,; lateral lines 34,. Brown or olive, with or without irregular ie = = eeaece> ee Sa, Ptr) es “nt! ie net Telnatochromis temporalis. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). &. dark blotches, the young sometimes with dark cross-bars; a dark or orange band from the eye to the gill-cover ; a vertical black bar, which may be edged with whitish behind, at the base of the pectoral; vertical fins with round dark spots, caudal and anal sometimes spotted with yellow and white. Total length 85 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Kinyamkolo, Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). ie Type. Mbity Rocks. a 4. Ad. Kibwesi. d. Skel. 2s cs 6-7. Her. Mshale. Dr. W. A, Cunnington (C.). o. Yeu. Niamkolo Id. ee Coe) LELMATOCHROMIS. 487 Os Elion: Kituta. Dr. W. A, Cunnington (C.). 10-14. Yo. Mtondwe Bay. » Teed: Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). L6M Yio. L. Tanganyika. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 2. TELMATOCHROMIS VITTATUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 10, pl. ii. fig. 2, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 446 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 298. Depth of body 43 to 42 times in total length, length of head 4 times. Head twice as long as broad ; profile of snout descending in a strong curve ; snout as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 53 to 4 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth ex- tending to below nostril; 12 to 16 large conical teeth in each jaw; cheek naked. Gill-rakers very short and few. Dorsal XXI-XXII 8; Telmatochromis vittatus. Type (Tr. Z. 8. 1898). 3. spines increasing in length to the last, which measures } length of head and a little less than longest soft rays. Anal VII 5-6; last spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral ? length of head. Ventral produced into a short filament, reaching origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal pe- duncle as long asdeep. Scales 45-52 os lateral lines — Yellowish ; a dark brown lateral band from the upper lip, through the eye, to the base of the caudal where it ends in a round spot; a second band commences on the vertex and extends along the base of the dorsal ; a few dark brown spots on the dorsal; anal edged with dark brown ; a vertical black bar at the base of the pectoral. Total length 78 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types, Mhity Rocks. Prot. J. M.S. Moore (C.). 488 CICHLID.£. 30. BAYONIA. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) v. 1911, p. 70. Near Hemitilapia, but teeth much larger and fewer, in two series, the outer with very large compressed crowns, with long anterior cusp directed inwards and very short or indistinct posterior cusp, the ner minute and conical. Victoria Nile. Fig. 338. Bayonia xenodonta. Type (Ann. Mus. Genova, 1911), 1 BAYONIA XENODONTA. Bouleng. |. ¢. pl. i. fig. 4. 2 Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile descending in an even curve ; snout rounded, as long as broad, as long as eye, which is 54 times in length of head and equals interorbital width; jaws equal in front ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 24 teeth in outer row of upper jaw; inner teeth small and few; three series of scales on the cheek, the depth of the scaly part below the eye less than the diameter of the latter. Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures nearly } length of head; longest soft rays a little more than Vjength of head. Anal HL 9; third spine longest, not quite 3 length BAYONIA.—HEMITILAPIA. 489 of head. Pectoral as long as head, reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales feebly denticulate, 32 ae lateral lines aan Brownish above, whitish beneath, with eight darker cross-bars, traversed by a dark lateral stripe extending from the opercular spot to the caudal; vertical fins uniform brownish, paired fins whitish. Total length 90 millim. Victoria Nile (Ripon Falls).—Type in Genoa Museum. 31. HEMITILAPIA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 70. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with moderately broad bands of slender, club-shaped, movable teeth, with slightly incurved crowns, those of the outer series larger, with the crown obliquely truncate and pointing towards the symphysis. Maxillary exposed at the end. Dorsal with 15 or 16 spines, anal with 3. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 31 (14-15+16-17). Lakes Nyassa and Victoria. Synopsis of the Species. Snout pointed, with straight or concave upper profile ; pectoral a little shorter than head ; caudal peduncle a little longer than deep ; Se. 34-36 amt ee OL. HH beyrhanchus, pler.p. 482. Snout obtuse, with straight upper profile ; pectoral as long as head ; caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep; Se. 31- me hdc aoa Wied OME) eee «iowa. Wayont Blan hpytot. Snout obtuse, with convex upper profile ; pectoral at least as long as head ; caudal peduncle not or but slightly longer than [ps 492. EN ‘ © 6-7 « 4g HAS Ueeps en 3133 Fes ae wm wok ee te Che 11, mnaterfamilias, Pellegr., 1. HEMITILAPIA OXYRHYNCHUS. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) x. 1902, p. 71. Tilapra oayrhynchus, Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 334. Depth of body 24 to 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. ITead 2} to 23 times as long as broad, with concave upper profile ; snout A490 CICHLID_®: pointed, 14 (young) to 2 times as long as eye, which is 3} to nearly 5 times in length of head and nearly equals interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in 3 or 4 series in each jaw, the outer much larger than the others and numbering 50 to 80 in upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 12 or 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to nearly $ length of head; longest soft rays nearly as long as head in adult, } in young. Anal III 9; third spine shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin of ana]. Ventral not reaching Fig. 339. Henitilapia ovyrhynchus. ry. 2 Type. §. anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales very finely denticulate, 34-36 ee lateral lines a Brown above, whitish beneath; a blackish opercular spot; young with a dark brown blotch on each side of the back below the spinous dorsal, a second below the soft dorsal, and a third at the base of the caudal fin; small round light spots on the soft dorsal. Total length 180 millim. Lake Nyassa, 1. Type. Ji, Nyassa. Prof, J. B.S. Moore (C.). 2. Skel. 39 3. Ye. ay Capt. E, L. Rhoades (P:). HEMITILAPIA. 491 2. HEMITILAPIA BAYONI. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (3) iv. 1908, p. 6, fig., and v. 1911, p. 69. Depth of body 22 to 2 dy times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout obtuse, with straight upper profile,-as long as eye, which is 3} or 33 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth extending nearly to below anterior border of eye; four series of teeth in each jaw, the 3 times in total length, length of head 3 to outer much larger than the others and numbering 50 to 60 in upper jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on Fig. 340. f on Fes A alii i" i 8 TTemitilapia bayoni. Type (Ann. Mus. Genova, 1908). lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 9; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about half length of head ; longest soft ray about 2 length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine longest, neuly half length of head. Pectoral pointed, as long as head, not quite reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales denticu- late, 31-32 as lateral lines a Yellowish olive, with or without 7 to 9 more or less distinct darker vertical bars on the body; a dark opercular spot; fins greyish, ventrals blackish at the end in males, Total leugth 95 millim., Lake Victoria and Victoria Nile.—Types in Genoa Museum. 402 CICHLID. 1. One of the types. Sesse Ids. Dr. E. Bayon (C.) ; Genoa Museum (P.). 2. Ad. . FF * 3. Skel. -. $3 a 4—9. Ad. & her. L. Victoria. ; a3 10, ‘Ad. Jinja, Ripon Falls. a ) 3. HEMITILAPIA MATERFAMILIAS. Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxxvii. 1913, Deolo. Depth of body 23 to 2% times in total length, length of head 2? to 3 times. Head with curved upper profile; snout obtuse; eye 3 to 3} times in length of head, equal to or a little less than length of snout or interorbital width; lower jaw feebly projecting; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; teeth in 5 or 6 series in the upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. 8 or 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV-XVI 9; spines slightly increasing in length posteriorly, last 24 to 25 times in length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine slightly shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than length of head, extending beyond vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Scales denticulate, 31-33 ee Olive above, silvery beneath; 7 or 8 dark bars on the body, and a better- defined black longitudinal band on the posterior part of the body. Total length 158 millim. Lake Victoria.—Types in Paris Museum. 32. CHILOCHROMIS. Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii. p. 236; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 353. Body moderately elongate; scales cycloid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with very broad bands of bristle-like movable teeth with club-shaped inbent crowns; rami of lower jaw approximated, spatulate in front, connected with the upper jaw by a broad thin lip. Maxillary concealed under the preorbital when the mouth is closed. Dorsal fin with 16 or 17 spines. anal with 3. Chiloango System, CHILOCHROMIS. 493 1); CHALOCHROMIS; DUPONTI: Bouleng. lee. pl. xxiv.; Pellegr. l.e.; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ii. 3, 1912, p. 26. Depth of body 25 times in total length, length of head 34 times. ITead not quite twice as long as broad. Snout rounded, a little broader than long, with arched upper profile, longer than eye, which is 33 to 4 times in length of head, 13 to 1% times in interorbital width; mouth extending to below nostril; upper lip very broad; teeth very numerous, those of upper jaw in 8 or 9 series, of lower jaw forming two spoon- shaped groups; inner teeth smaller than outer; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. Giull-rakers short, 15 or 16 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 10-11; spines increasing in length to the last, which is ? length of head; longest soft rays a little longer ora Meesdl. Chilochromis duponti. Type (P2283 1902). little shorter than head. Anal III 8; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, not extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal truncate or feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 30-38 afc. lateral lines aaa Uniform olive-brown above, yellowish beneath ; fins greyish cr brown. Total length 220 millim. Lukula and Luali Rivers, Chiloango.—Type in Brussels Museum. ae Sad Luali R. at Buco Zau, Portuguese Dra Ws dc Amsorge:(C@.): ( ‘ongo. 494 CICHLID.E. 33. COREMATODUS. 3ouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 918, and 1898, p. 152; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, xvi. 190-4, p. 349. Body moderately elongate; scales cycloid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws very massive, with extremely broad bands of innumerable minute club-shaped teeth with compressed oblique entire crowns ; maxillary concealed under the preorbital when the mouth is closed. Dorsal with 16 spines, anal with 3. Vertebre 32 (15 +17). Lake Nyassa (Upper Shiré River). Fig. 342. See = ‘ AVA Ne Se ——— Corematodus shiranus. Type (P. Z.S. 1896). 1. COREMATODUS SHIRANUS. Bouleng. tt. ce., p. 919, fig., and p. 152; Pellegr. l.c. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Ilead twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout broader COREMATODUS.—ERETMODUS. 495 than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eye 44 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 4 series of scales on the cheek, depth of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 12 on lower part of anterior arch, last bifid. Dorsal XVI 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which is 2? length of head. Anal III 8; third spine as long as and thicker than middle dorsals. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales slightly rugose, 34 a3 lateral lines as Body with traces of six black cross-bars. ‘Total length 200 millim. Upper Shiré River. tal ve. Upper Shire. Dr. Perey Rendall (C.). ; Sir H. H. Johnston (P.). 34. ERETMODUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe. xv. 1898, p. 16, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 483 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 360. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. Jaws with rather large spatulate teeth with truncated crowns disposed in oblique transverse rows of two or three; maxillary concealed when the mouth is closed. Dorsal with 23 to 25 spines, anal with 3. Toothed portions of premaxillary and mandible much developed in depth; parietal and occipital crests extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 30 (15415). Lake Tanganyika. 1. ERETMODUS CYANOSTICTUS. Bouleng. Il. ce., Tr. pl. iii. fig. 5; Pellegr. 1.c.; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xvii. 1906, p. 074. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, very convex, 1} to 12 times as long as eye, which is 4} to 5 times in length of head anda little less than interorbital width; mouth with much developed lips, extending to below nostril, or between nostril and eye; teeth with reddish-brown crowns, in 8 to 12 rows in each jaw; cheek and opercle naked. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XXIJI-XXV 3-5; spines subequal from the sixth, about 4 length of head, a little shorter than soft rays. Anal III 6-7; third 496 CICHLID. spine a little longer than dorsals. Pectoral $ length of head. Ventral reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales feebly denticulate, 32-35 aa lateral lines ae Brownish grey or blackish brown, with scattered dots of a brilliant blue. Total length 75 millim. Lake Tanganyika. 1-2. Types. Mbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 3-5. Types. Kinyamkolo. : 6. Skel. a as 7-8. Yg. Niamkolo Bay. Dr. W. A. Cunnington ((.). Osc Aa. Sumba. - Fig. 343. Evetmodus cyanostictus. Type (Tr. Z.S. 1898). 3. 35. SPATHODUS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 152 (1900), and Poiss, Bass. Congo, p. 484 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 301, Body moderately elongate; scales ctcnoid ; two incomplete lateral lines. A single series of large teeth with elongate cylindrical shaft and expanded rounded-subtruncate crown; maxillary concealed when the mouth is closed. Dorsal with 25 spines, anal with 3 Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. SPATHODUS ERYTHRODON. Bouleng. ll. ce., Ann. pl. lii. tig. 2; Pellegr. lc. Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total length. Ilead twice as long as broad; snout as long as broad, convex, 13 times as long as eye, Which is 4 times in length of head and equals inter- orbital width ; mouth with much developed lips, extending to below SPATHODUS.-—PERISSODUS. 497 nostril; teeth with reddish-brown crowns, 16 to 20 in each jaw; cheek and opercle naked. Gill-rakers short, 10 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XXIII 5; spines subequal from the fifth, 4 length of head ; longest soft rays 4 length of head. Anal IIL 6-7; third spine a little longer than longest dorsals. Pectoral ? length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales feebly denticulate, 30-31 = lateral lines = Blackish brown, belly whitish ; caudal fin edged with whitish. Total length 70 millim. Lake Tanganyika.—'Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1. One of the types. Albertville. Capt. Hecq (C.). Fig. 344. Spathodus erythrodon. Type (A. Ms C.). 36, PERISSODUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 20, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 485 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 361. Body elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; two incomplete lateral lines. Tecth rather large, unequal in size, few, with swollen base and low slightly notched crown, compressed transversely to the axis of the jaws, disposed in a single series; maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 18 spines, anal with 3. Vertebree 35 (17+ 18). Lake ‘Tanganyika. 1. PERISSODUS MICROLEPIS. gouleno. Il.ce., Lr.p. 21, pl. visio. 2: Pellegr tic. ps 362. Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 5! times. Head 2} times as long as broad; snout a lite broader than long. a 498 CICHLID.E. little longer than eye, which is 4 times in length of head, and almost equals interorbital width; lower jaw projecting; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 20 teeth in upper jaw, 18 in lower; 3 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers rather long, 14 on lower part of anteriorarch. Dorsal XVIII 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 length of head; longest soft rays } length of head. Anal III 8; third spine nearly as long as longest dorsal. Pectoral # length of head. Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal fia ea Perissodus microlepis. Type (Tr. Z. S. 1898). 4. truncate. Caudal peduncle nearly 14 times as long as deep. Scales 6d oe lateral lines spar Uniform dark reddish brown; a blackish opercular spot. Total length 100 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika. Lov y pe. Mhbity Rocks. Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C.). 37. CHILOTILAPIA. Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ii. 190x, p. 243. Body moderately elongate; scales ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. ‘Teeth in several rows, not compressed, with obtuse or rounded crowns; maxillary exposed. A large papillose pad on each side of the pharynx, forming a strong protuberance in front of the upper part of the branchial arches. Dorsal with 15 spines, anal with 3. Lake Nyassa. CHILOTILAPIA. 499 1. CHILOTILAPIA RHOADESII. Bouleng. 1. c. Depth of body 23 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 13 times as long as broad ; snout short, upper profile descending abruptly ; eye 43 times in length of head, 1} times in interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; lips very thick; teeth in Fig. 346. Chilotilapia rhoudesii. Ixpey 2 5 irregular series, outer largest; 4 series of scales on the cheek. Gill- rakers rather short, 11 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV 10; spines increasing in length to the last, which is a little less than } length of head; longest soft rays 2 length of head. Anal III 9; third spine stronger, but a little shorter, than last dorsal. Pectoral as long as head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching a little beyond origin of anal. Caudal densely scaled, feebly emarginate. Caudal 3 : : ‘ men peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 54 |. ; rb 500 CICHLID. lateral lines a. Dark blue; dorsal and anal fins broadly edged with orange ; soft dorsal with small ocellar spots; pectoral yellowish. Total length 220 millim. Lake Nyassa. 1. Type. L. Nyassa. Capt. E. L. Rhoades (P ). 38. SCHUBOTZIA. Bouleng. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped. v., Zool. iii. p. 258 (1914). Body rather elongate; scales moderately large, ctenoid; two incomplete lateral lines. A series of large teeth with strongly incurved, flattened, rounded crowns, without any gaps between them, followed by two series of minute obtusely tricuspid teeth; maxillary exposed. Dorsal fin with 15 or 16 spines, anal with 3. Lake Albert Edward. big. 347, Nehihotzia eduardiand. Type (Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped.) 1. SCHUBOTZIA EDUARDIANA. Bouleng. |. ¢. pl. vil. figs. 2 & 3. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3 times in total length. Head twice as long as broad, with curved upper profile; snout rounded, as long as broad or slightly broader than long, shorter than postocular part of head; eve as long as or a little Jonger than snout, SCHU BOTZIA.—XENOCHROMIS. 01 34 to 34 times in length of head, equal to interorbital width, and twice preorbital depth; mouth with rather thick lips, extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond ; 50 to 54 teeth in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 8 or 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XV—XVI 8-9 ; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures 2 to } length of head; longest soft rays 2 length of head. Anal IJI 7-8. Pectoral as long as head, extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 31-32 See lateral lines 7 Male yellowish brown in front, brown behind, with dark brown bays ; two dark brown bars across the snout, a broader bar from eye to eye across the back of the head, and a vertical bar below anterior half of eye; fins yellowish, anal with two large bright, dark-edged ocellar spots. Female pale brown above and silvery white beneath, without markings except a dark opercular spot; dorsal and caudal pale greyish, with or without small round darker spots, other fins white. Total length 95 millim. Lake Albert Edward.—Types ‘in Berlin Musemm. 1. One of the types. L. Albert Edward. Dr. H. Schubotz (C.) ; German C. African Exped. 39. KENOCHROMIS. Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 125 (1899), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p- 486 (1901); Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 363. Body elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; two lateral lines, the upper nearly complete. ‘Teeth in a single series, small, compressed, lamellar and a little concave in front, obtusely pointed, strongly curved, equal in size, close together and pressed against the edge of the jaw; maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 16 or 17 spines, anal with 3. Parietal and occipital crests very strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebree 35 (17+18). Lake Tanganyika, 33 Bou II/III 502 CICHLIDLE. !. XENOCHROMIS HECQUT. Bouleng. Il. ce., Ann. pl? xiv. fg. 3,-and Tr, Zool: Soc. “xvi. 1901, p. 159% Pellegr. 1. c. Depth of body equal to length of head, 5} to 3} times in total length. Head twice as long as broad; snout broader than long and convex, as long as eye in young, a little longer in adult; eye 3} to 4 times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width ; lower jaw projecting a little beyond upper; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye; 34 to 46 teeth in upper jaw, 30 to 40 in lower; interocular region scaly, convex; 4 or 5 series of scales on the cheek. Gill-rakers as long as gill-lamellie, slender, closely set, 45 to 52 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 10-11; spines subequal from the seventh, 3 to 2 length of head; longest soft rays } to 2 length of head. Anal III 9-10; second and third spines equal, stronger and a little Xenochronis heequi, Type (as Mer.) °s: shorter than dorsals. Pectoral nearly as long as head. Ventral reaching vent or beyond origin of anal. Caudal with deep eressenile notch. Caudal peduncle 1} to 13 times as longas deep. Scales 64-67 53 ; 53-60 lateral lines 35-\3; 4 series of scales between the lateral lines anteriorly. Olive above. whitish beneath, with more or less distinct dark bars across the back on the posterior half of the body ; a blackish opercular spot. Total length 270 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren Ad, Usambura. Prof. J. E. 8. Moore (C.). 3. Skel. as 4, Her. Moliro. Dr, W..A, Cunnington (C.). PLECODUS. 903 40. PLECODUS. Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xv. 1898, p. 22, and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 488 (1901) ; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 362. Body elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; two lateral lines, the upper nearly complete. ‘Teeth in a single series, large and few, unequal in size, compressed, lamellar and a little concave in front, truncate and strongly curved backwards; maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 18 to 20 spines, anal with 3. Parictal and occipital crests very strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebre 38 (18+ 20). Lake ‘Tanganyika. Fig. 349. = = a= “£9. CSS SS AG Ang gw wee SO is a of NENA Sasa TN A) LSD ri Ki od ao 4] "ee ga sHN: WIE AACE YY vy fi 1s Adit SS Plecodus paradowus. Niamkolo, 2. Head and dentition of type-specimen, enlarged. 1. PLECODUS PARADOXUES. Bouleng. Il. cc., and Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. i. p. 152, pl. li. fig. 4 (1900); Pellegr. ]. ec. ; Beuleng. Tr. Zool, Soc. xvii. 1906, p. ov. Plecodus limaculatus, Steind. Anz. Ak. Wien, 1909, p. 426. Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 55 to 4 times in tota! length. Ilead twice as long as broad; snout broader than long and oUt CICHLID.F. convex, as long as eye in adult, shorter in young; eye 3 to 3} times in length of head, 1 to 13 times in interorbital width; jaws strong, lips thick; mouth extending to below anterior fourth of eye; 14 to 20 teeth in upper jaw, 12 to 16 in lower; interocular region scaly, convex ; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek. 18 to 21 gill rakers on lower part of anterior arch, the posterior rather elongate. Dorsal XVIII-XX 11-13; spines rather strong, subequal from the eighth or ninth, ? to 3 length of head; longest soft rays } to # length of head. Anal 2 III 12-13; spines very strong, third ?# to # length of head. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal with deep crescentic notch. Caudal peduncle 1% to 2 times as 1 iy Pubed land 5-6 ° 58-66 Sy long as deep. Scales 75-78 7z49; lateral lines 33 3 5 series of scales between the lateral lines anteriorly. Olive-grey above, shading to whitish below, with 7 or 8 somewhat irregular, yellowish-brown, longi- tudinal lines; two or three ill-defined dark brown bars across the back and a round blackish spot at the root of the caudal fin sometimes present; a black opercular spot; dorsal and caudal fins brown, with round yellow spots. Total length 290 millim. Lake ‘Tanganyika.—Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 1-2. Ad. Niamkolo, Dro W. Ay Cunnington (C2): 3. Hor, Moliro. Fe 4. Her. Kasakalawe, 5. Skel, Suimba, <3 6. Yo. Albertville. Capt. Heeg (C.). 1. Her; Kilewa Bay. Dr. L. Stappers (C.). 41. PARETROPLUS, Bleck. Versl. Ak. Amsterd. ii. 1868, p. 311; Sauy. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 445 (1891); Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 142; Pellegr. Mém. Soe. Zool. Iranee, xvi. 1904, p. 358, Body short; scales cycloid; two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth rather large, with blunt crowns, forming a single series; one or two more or less enlarged teeth on each side at the symphysis of either jaw; maxillary exposed. Dorsal with 16 to 20 spines, anal with 8 to 10, both fins with a scaly basal sheath. A scaly process at base of ventral. Occipital and parietal crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebree 54 (17-+17). Madagascar. PARETROPLUS. on o Two species :— 1 eV — XOX el est Ae EXE NOS seoiSe, 35= ee a eee eA Sh Coe ae ye, P daonit, Biker, Mi aOd, Deve X VE! As. AS VIE-IX “Tole. Se, 82-34 aes sew we es BLP. polyactis, Bikr., p. 506. 1. PARETROPLUS DAMII. Bleek. t. c. p. 313, and Poiss. Madag. p. 13, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1875); Sauv. op. cit. p. 446, pl. xlvi. fig. 1; Bouleng. 1. c.; Pellegr. 1. c. Depth of body hardly twice in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout strongly compressed, twice as long Pe A “ ADEN) ty BES No é) Paretroplus damii. Imerina., §. as eye in adult ; eye 43 times in length of head, 14 times in interorbital width; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; four series of scales on the cheek, depth of scaly part equal to diameter of eye. Gill- rakers short, 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVJII-2xX 2 11-14; last spine longest, $ length of head, shorter than soft rays. Anal IX-X 9-11; last spine slightly longer than longest dorsal. Pectoral not quite } length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle twice as deep as long. Seales 506 CICHLIDAE. a tae eG 23-26 . 30-37 >; lateral lines “[=", lower not extending to root of caudal. Uniform dark brown; a round blackish spot above the axil; pectoral yellowish. Total length 170 millim. Madagascar.—Type in Leyden Museum. 1. Ad. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron (C.). Fig. 351, Css RAN KR AK} ; OOOH LOY) : Nee 4 ie = “0 ‘s i } Y MV ii BL 5 Purctroplus polyactis. Tamatayve. 2, PARETROPLUS PQOLYACTIS. Bleek. Versl. Ak. Amsterd. xii, 1878, p. 195, pl. iii. fig. 2; Sauv. Hist. Madag., Poiss. p. 446, pls. xhv. a. fig. 7, and xliv. B. fig. 2 (1891); Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 142; Pellegr. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi. 1904, p. 359. Parctroplus damit (non Bleek.), Steind. Sitzb, Ak. Wien, Ixxxii. i. 1880, p. 247. Depth of body 1} to 2 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad; snout strongly compressed, 14 times as long as eye, which is 4 to 4} times in length of head and 1} to 13 times in interorbital width ; mouth extending to between nostril and eye; 3 or 4 series of scales on the cheek, depth of scaly part equal to ora little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 11 or 12 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal NVI-NVIII 17-18; last spine PARETRKOPLUS. 507 longest, about 2 length of head, shorter than soft rays. Anal VITI-LX 13-14; last spine longest, as long as or a little longer than last dorsal. Pectoral not quite 2 length of head. Ventral reaching anal. Caudal feebly emarginate. Caudal peduncle about 13 times as deep as long. Scales 32-34 j75; lateral lines 7. very indistinct darker bars ; pectoral yellowish. Total length 165 millim. _ Madagascar.—Type in Leyden Museum. t—2: Ad. Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan (C.). 3. Skel. 3 ” 4. Ad. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron (C.). Olive or brown, uniform or with * ——. \ ’ : i ‘ Ne abbreviata (Polycentropsis), 100. Acanthopodus, 119. . argenteus, 121. Acanthopterygii, 89. Acerina zillii, 197. acuticaudatus (Haplochilus), 72. acuticeps (Tilapia), 218, acutirostris (Anguilla), 5. -adolphi-frederici (Tilapia), 220. zgyptiaca (Anguilla), 5. afer (Hemichromis), 325. » (Symbranchus), 2. affinis (Chromis), 190. 5, (tilapia), 190. afra (Paratilapia), 325. albini (Ectodus), 450. alcalica (Tilapia), 188. algeriensis (Syngnathus), 88. ailuaudi (Astatoreochromis), 305. » (Haplochromis), 305. Ambassis, 111. commersonil, 112. macracanthus, 112. 53 productus, 112. ambassis (Centropomus), 112, amblodon (Anguilla), 9. amphimelas (Tilapia), 188. andersonii (Chromis), 171. (Petrochromis), 269. " (Tilapia), 171. andrew (Chromis), 197. aneitensis (Anguilla), 6. angolensis (Hemichromis), 408, 99 ” ” Anguilla, 3. acutirostris, 5. egyptiaca, 6. amblodon, 9. aneitensis, 6, tustralis, 9 9) 29 39 (Pelmatochromis), 408. Anguilla bengalensis, 7. , bicolor, 9. i callensis, 5. . canariensis, 5. fe capensis, 6. * celebensis, 6. - delalandii, 6. 7 elphinstonei, 7. Ms hildebrandti, 8. Pe johanne, 7. i labiata, 6, 7. me latirostris, 5, ‘ macrophthalma, 7. b mauritiana, 7. 8 mossambiea, 6. 3 nilotica, 5. Me virescens, 6, 9. PA vulgaris, 4. anguilla (Murena), 4. anguillaris (Tribranchus), 6. Anguillide, 3. angusticeps (Paratilapia), 320. angustifrons (Haplochromis), 292. - (Lates), 109. winectens (Pelmatochromis), 405, bs (Tropheus), 278. ausorgil (Haplochilus), 53. » (Pelmatochromis), 406. » (Syngnathus), 87. > (Tilapia), 214. antinori (Haplochilus), 44. Aphanius, 18. - fasciatus, 18. nanus, 18. Apocheilichthys typus, 61. apoda (Tellia), 22. Apodes, 3. aree (Kuhlia), 95. argentea (Perca), 95. argenteus (Acanthopodus), 121. 510 argenteus (Chatodon), 121. - (Dules), 95. i (Monodactylus), 122. sf (Moronopsis), 95, 96. (Psettus), 120, 121. urgulus (Ceelonotus), 85. argus (Syngnathus), 85. arnoldi (Fundulus), 30. », (Pelmatochromis), 404. Asprotilapia, 278. * leptura, 279. Astatoreochromis, 284. si alluaudi, 305. Astatotilapia, 284. te desfontainesi, 303. guiarti, 336. s jeanneli, 291. 3 johnstoni, 249, 250. livingstonii, 286. i nigrescens, 296. roberti, 295. Atopocheilichthys, 40. atripinna (Haplochilus), 69. aurata (Tilapia), 246. auratus (Chromis), 246. aureus (Chromis), 190. aurita (Otoperca), 130. » (Paratilapia), 415. auritus (Hemichromis), 428. ,, (Larimus), 130. 5 (Pelmatochromis), 410. auromarginata (Tilapia), 180. australis (Anguilla), 9. batesii (Fundulus), 28. », (Pelmatochromis), 393. Bathybates, 436. fasciatus, 441. ferox, 438. sei grauerl, 437. = horn, 440. minor, 442. a vittatus, 440. bavoni (Hemitilapia), 491. (Paratilapia), 337. (Tilapia), 240, Bayona, 485. xenodonta, 435. Belonichthys, 82. zambesensis, 82. 37 ” INDEX. bengalensis (Anguilla), 7. . (Mureena), 7. bennetti (Dules), 95. bensonii (Pocilia), 61. betsileana (‘Tilapia), 259. betsileanus (Ptychochromis), 259. bicolor (Anguilla), 9. », (Haplochromis), 346. » (Paratilapia), 340. bifaseiatus (Haplochilus), 76. bilineata (Tilapia), 204. bimaculatus (Hemichromis), 430 vs (Plecodus), 5033. bivittatus (lundulus), 24. bleekeri (Paratilapia), 315. bloyeti (Hemichromis), 302. » (Paratilapia), 302. boninensis (Dules), 96. i (Kuhlia), 98. boops (Ophthalmotilapia), 265. » (Tilapia), 265. boulengeri (Julidochromis), 471. an (Lamprologus), 471. - (Pelmatochromis), 396. is (Tilapia), 182. Boulengerina, 92. Boulengerochromis, 308. - microlepis, 370. brevianalis (Lamprologus), 462. brevimanus (Tilapia), 196. brevior (Luciolates), 111. brevis (Lamprologus), 478. » (Tilapia), 262. brucii (Haplochilus), 26. buettikoferi (Chromis), 214. 9 (Ophichthys), 10. 3 (Paratilapia), 390. a (Pelinatochromis), 390, 391. 7 (Sphagebranchus), 10. ms (Tilapia), 214. burtoni (Chromis), 217. » (Tilapia), 217. busumana (Tilapia), 197. busumanus (Chromis), 197. cabinde (Haplochilus), 68. cabre (Tilapia), 194. cerulea (lundulus), 30. es (Paratilapia), 43:5. ceruleomaculatus (Chromis), 190, cerulescens (Kullia), 93. ceruleus (Champsochromis), 433. calaritana (Lebias), 18. a (Peecilia), 18. calaritanus (Cyprinodon), 18. callensis (Anguilla), 5. calliptera (Tilapia), 222. eallipterus (Chromis), 222. 5 (Ctenochromis), 222. 5 (Lamprologus), 476. calliura (Paratilapia), 374. calliurus (Haplochilus), 59. 55 (Lamprologus), 481. cameronensis (Ilaplochilus), 47, 59. camerunensis (Tilapia), 193, canariensis (Anguilla), 5, capensis (Anguilla), 6. 5, (Fundulus), 39. fe (Galaxias), 12. carlotte (Paratilapia), 353. caudavittatus (Dules), 98. my (Holocentrus), 98. caudifasciatus (Pelmatochromis), 394. caudovittata (Kuhhia), 98. cavifrons (Ilemichromis), 419. (Paratilapia), 419. ie (Pelmatochromis), 419. celebensis (Anguilla), 6. Centrarchide, 91. Centrogaster rhombeus, 121. Centropodus, 119. P| rhombeus, 121. Centropomus ambassis, 112. lupus, 102. niloticus, 105. ‘. rupestris, 9:3. cephalopeltis (Sphagebranchus), 10. cerasogaster (Paratilapia), 316. Chetodon argenteus, 121. - rhombeus, 1238. Champsochromis, 433. ceruleus, 433. esox, 435. ” longiceps, 434, chaperi (Haplochilus), 56. chapmanii (Chromys), 171. chevalieri (Haplochilus), 77. Chilochromis, 492. 2 duponti, 493, chilotes (Paratilapia), 338. Chilotilapia, 498, 9 99 ” pel +B) INDEX. oll Cluilotilapia rhoadesii, 499. christyi (Haplochilus), 46. » (Tilapia), 204, Chromichthys, 427, ut elongatus, 428. Chromidotilapia, 377. is frederici, 355. kingsleya, 398. Chromis, 138. ‘3 affinis, 190, “4 andres, 197. xs auratus, 246, ” aureus, 190. 3 buettikoferi, 214. burton, 217. - busumanus, 197. * ceruleomaculatus, 190, » callipterus, 222. ee desfontainii, 302. m diagrammma, 275. discolor, 190. ig dumerilii, 154. 3 faidherbi, 190. 2 fasciatus, 215. A flavii-josephi, 302. es galileaus, 169. 33 guentheri, 162. » guineensis, 201. 3 heudeloti, 173. m horii, 228. - humilis, 213. » — Jalle, 213, »» johnstoni, 249. 5 kirkii, 251, is lateralis, 169. a lateristriga, 360. if latus, 190. a lethrinus, 254. a macrocephalus, 176. * melanopleura, 190. 4 menzalensis, 197. si microcephalus, 173. 35 microstomus, 169. mossambicus, 154, 157, 197 a multicolor, 299. R multifasciatus, 175, a natalensis, 157. nigripinnis, 173. a niloticus, 154, 157, 162, 167, 169, 173, 190, 197, 206. nuchisquamulatus, 290, O12 Chromis obiiquidens, 290. a5 ogowensis, 190. a ovalis, 208. » philander, 300. » pleuromesas, 169. .» polycentra, 190. he rangil, 174. a rendalli, 190. spilurus, 162. -” squamipinnis, 183. suboeularis, 222, 249. +5 tanganice, 263. tetrastigma, 250. ies tholloni, 202. es tiberiadis, 169. tristrami, 197, 201. uf vorax, 156. williamsi, 220. », willii, 197. Chromys andersonii, 171. » ¢bapmani, 171. 2 frederici, 355. levaillantii, 820. livingston, 323. is moffati, 300. ngamensis, 328. sunithii, 357. sparmanni, 171. ., thumbergi, 328. chrysonota (Paratilapia), 362. Chrysophrys, 132. vagus, 132. os ” Cichlide, 138. ciliata (Kuhblia), 93. (Perea), U3. (Percichthys), 93. cinerea (Paratilapia), 344. clavigera (Corvina), 116, Cobitis punctifer, 13. ,, zebratus, 12. codringtonl (Paratilapia), doz. Colonotus, S4. argulus, 59. %” liaspis, noe .s vaillanti, So. Coius trivittatus, 114. commersonii (Ambassis), 112. ” (Hlemirhamphus), Lo, 16. > ~~) . (Psettus), 120. compressiceps (Lamprologus), 479. (Paratilapia), 331. INDEX. congicus (Pelmatochromis), 386. congolensis (Lamprologus), 464. Coptodon, 138. 3 zillii, 197. corbali (Paratilapia), 351. Corematodus, 494. “5 shiranus, 494. Corvina, 115. 3 clavigera, 116. Pr nigrita, 116, crassa (Tilapia), 205. crassilabris (Haplochromis), 345. a (Paratilapia), 345. crassispinum (Diagramma), 129, Ctenochromis, 138, 284. $i callipterus, 222. 5 kirkii, 251. x nuchisquamulatus, 290. is obliquidens, 290. re pectoralis, 237. “5 sauvagii, 290. _ strigigena, 299. cunningtoni (Lamprologus), 474. Cunningtonia, 273. > longiventralis, 273. cyanogaster (Cyprinodon), 19. cyanostictus (Kretmodus), 495. Cyprinodon, 18. ay calaritanus, 18. zs cyanogaster, 19. “ dispar, 19, 20. ag doliatus, 19. 45 fasciatus, 18. “ hammonis, 19. be iberus, 21. PP lunatus, 20. - orthonotus, Oo. 7 stoliczkanus, 20. Cy prinodontidee, 17. Cyrtocara, 445. - moorii, +45. damii (Paretroplus), 505, 506, dardennit (Tilapia), 256. darlingi (Pelmatochromis), 410. decorsii (Haplochilus), 57. degeni (Platyteniodus), 426. delalandii (Anguilla), 6. demeusil (Paratilapia), 324. desvampsii (Ectodus), 446, INDEX. Dules mato, 96. desfontainesi (Astatotilapia), 303. rupestris, 93. ” (Haplochromis), 302. a3 ‘5 (Tilapia), 302. desfontainii (Chromis), 302. a (Labrus), 302. ss (Sparus), 302. desguezi (Hemichromis), 428. dewindti (Paratilapia), 367. diacantha (Perea), 102. e (Scizna), 102. diacanthus (Labrax), 102. Diagramwnma, 127. crassispinum, 129. griseuin, 128. jayakari, 128. macrolepis, 129. diagramma (Chromis), 275. a (Simochromis), 275. Dicentrarchus, 101. elongatus, 102. labrax, 102. orientalis, 104. e punctatus, 104. dimidiata (Paratilapia), 360. dimidiatus (Hemichromis), 360. (Nannochromis), 376. discolor (Chromis), 190. dispar (Cyprinodon), 19, 20. »» (Hemirhamphus), 16. » (Lebias), 20. », (Zenarchopterus), 16. Docimodus, 281. a johnstonii, 282. doliatus (Cyprinodon), 19. dolloi (Tilapia), 184. dorsalis (Paratilapia), 350. Doryichthys, 82, 83. lineatus, 83. mento, 82. a smithii, 83. dubia (Tilapia), 189. Dules, 92. » argenteus, 95. » bennetti, 95. ;, caudavittatus, 98. » fuscus, 93. guamensis, 93. 39 bel » haswellii, 93. » malo, 96. marginatus, 93, 96. (Pelmatochromis), 376. »» Yanicolensis, 93. dumerilii (Chromis), 154. Pe (Tilapia), 155, duponti (Chilochromis), 49+. Ectodus, 446, 447. albini, 450. descampsii, 446. for, 266. Jongianalis, 448. or melanogenys, 448. eduardiana (Schubotzia), 500. es (Tilapia), 166. elegans (Haplochilus), 58, 59 elongata (Perca), 102. elongatus (Chromichthys), 428. (Dicentrarchus), 102. (Julidochromis), 471. {Labrax), 102. (Lamprologus), 472. ” 9 99 99 e]phinstonei (Anguilla), 7. Enantiopus, 447. longianalis, 448. melanogenys, 448. - ochrogenys, 449. Epiplatys, 40. infrafasciatus, 56. ‘i sexfasciatus, 54. Eretmodus, 495. aS cyanostictus, 495. erythrodon (Spathodus), 406. Esox far, 15. esox (Champsochromis), 435. » (Paratilapia), 435. exiguus (Haplochilus), 57. ” 3) 9 faidherbi (Chromis), 190. falciformis (Monodactylus), 120. oe (Psettus), 120. far (Esox), 15. », (Hemirhamphus), 15. fasciata (Tilapia), 215. fasciatus (Aphanius), 18. (Bathybates), 441. (Chromis), 215. (Cyprinodon), 18. (Lepidiolamprologus), 47 2. 514 INDEX, fasciatus (Hemichromis), 428. Galaxiide, 12. ‘3 (Lamprologus), 477. galilea (Tilapia), 167, 169. - (Lebias), 18. galileus (Chromis), 169. fasciclatus (Haplochilus), 52, 70. », (Sparus), 169. 5 (Petrochromis), 273. gardneri (Fundulus), 26. ferox (Bathybates), 438. Gasterosteus rhombeus, 123. ferranti (Haplochilus), 47; Gastrostei, 91. flava (Lebias), 18. Gephyrochromis, 458. flavil-josephi (Chromis), 302. - linnelli, 159. $3 (Tilapia), 303. a moori, 458. flavipinnis (Pelmatochromis), 418. gestri (Paratilapia), 318. flavomarginata (Tilapia), 171. giardi (Tilapia), 221. fluviatilis (Syngnathus), 82. gibbiceps (Paratilapia), 354. fox (Ectodus), 266. r (Steatocranus), 283. 5» (Ophthalmotilapia), 266. gigliolii (Hemichromis), 302. fouloni (Tilapia), 206. Glyphisedon zillii, 197. frederici (Chromidotilapia), 355. Gobiiformes, 90. » (Chromys), 355, goudotii (Hemitbylacus), 85. 4 (Paratilapia), 355. gracilior (Haplochromis), 2933. frontosa (Paratilapia), 420. grahami (Haplochilus), 75. frontosus (Pelmatochromis), 420. » (Vilapia),; 201: fuellebornii (Tilapia), 222. Grammatotria, 453. Fundulus, 23. Ps lemairil, 454. - arnoldi, 30. Grammistes servus, 114. a batesii, 28. grandidieri (Ptychochromis), 268. me bivittatus, 24. ns (Tilapia), 258. ie capensis, 39, grandoculis (Tilapia), 266. gardneri, 26. granti (Haplochromis), 342. 58 guentheii, 35. » (Paratilapia), 342. . gularis, 29. graueri (Bathybates), 437. * loennbergii, 25. », (Haplochromis), 298. melanospilus, 34. griseum (Diagramma), 125. microlepis, 39. guamensis (Dules), 93. neumanni, 39. guentheri (Chromis), 162. bs nisorius, 39. “ (Fundulus), 36. & orthonotus, 33, 34, 30. ‘ (Hemichromis), 388. 4 palmquisti, 31. hs (Pelinatochromis), 385, 388. ” sjoestedti, 38. guiarti (Astatotilapia), 336. . spurrelli, 27. » (Paratilapia), 336. teniopygus, 34, 35, 37. (Tilapia), 336. r walkeri, 32. cuineensis (Chromis), 201. furcifer (Lamprologus), 483. = (Haligenes), 201. furcifera (Paratilapia), 368. ue (Tilapia), 201. fusens (Dules), 93. gularis (Fundulus), 29. » (Moronopsis), 93. euttatus (Hemichromis), 431. Galaxias, 12. habereri (Paratilapia), 407. capensis, 12. Haligenes, 138. punctifer, 13. = euineensis, 201, Fr zebratus, 12, tristrami, 197. hammonis (Cyprinodon), 19. Haplochilichthys spilauchen, 61. Haplochilus, 40, bb) 99 i) ° acuticaudatus, 72. ansorgii, 53. antinorii, 44. atripinna, 69. bifasciatus, 76. brucii, 26. cabinde, 68. calliurus, 59. cameronensis, 47, 59. chaperi, 56. chevalievi, 77. christyi, 46, decorsiii, 57. elegans, 58, 59. exiguus, 57. fasciolatus, 52, 70. ferranti, 47. grahami, 75. homalonotus, 50. hutereaui, 63. infrafasciatus, 54. johnstonii, 69. katange, 67. kingii, 64. liberiensis, 48. loati, 63. luje, +9. macrostigma, 7+. macrurus, 67. marni, 70. moeruensis, 66. multifasciatus, 75. myapose, 44. nigricans, 74. nuchimaculatus, 50. petersii, 59, 71. playfairii, 51. pumilus, 45. schoelleri, 65. senegalensis, 71, 72, 73. sexfasciatus, 54, 56. singa, 78. spilargyreus, 72. spilauchen, 61. striatus, 60. tanganicanus, 80. Haplochromis, 284. 4° alluaudi, 305, INDEX. H15 Haplochromis angustifrons, 292. 55 bicolor, 346. ‘a crassilabris, 345. is desfontainesii, 302. - gracilior, 293. ee granti, 342. + graueri, 298, Ls ishmaeli, 293. - jeanneli, 291, .. livingstonii, 286, Bs moeruensis, 307. 5s moffuti, 300. 3 nigrescens, 296. a nuchisquamulatus, 290. 5 percoides, 296. as roberti, 295. i schubotzi, 288. 55 stanleyi, 295. a. strigigena, 299. a5 venustus, 287. Haplomi, 12. Haplotaxodon, 443. uM microlepis, 444. Haplotilapia, 308, haswellii (Dules), 93. haugi (Tilapia), 178. heequi (Lamprologus), 467. »» (Xenochromis), 502. hedleyi (Kuhlia), 93. Hemichromis, 308, 427. afer, 325. angolensis, 408. auritus, 428, bimaculatus, 430. bloyeti, 302. cavifrons, 419. desguezi, 423. dimidiatus, 360. fasciatus, 428. gigliolii, 302. guentheri, 3&8. guttatus, 431. intermedius, 363. jalle, 328. leiguardii, 428. letourneuxii, 431. livingstonii, 286. longiceps, 434. Jongirostris, 332. modestus, 326, retrodens, 347. 516 Hemiehromis robustus, 328. 7 rolandi, 431. Pe sahare, 431. Z schwebisehi, 365, 398. ey serranus, 334. = subocellatus, 399. 4 tersquamatus, 388. ue voltx, 388. Hemirhamphus, 14, 16. 3 commersonn, 15, 16. - dispar, 16. es far, 15. Hemithylacus, 84. % goudotii, 85. is leiaspis, 85. Hemitilapia, 489. if bayoni, 491. Be oxyrhynchus, 489. es materfamilias, 492. heudeloti (Chromis), 173. » (Tilapia), 173. hildebrandti (Anguilla), 8. Holocentrus eaudavittatus, 98. + jarbua, 113. ‘ servus, 113. homalonotus (Haplochilus), 50. hori (Chromis), 228. », (Tilapia), 228. » (Bathybates), 440. humilior (Tilapia), 230. humilis (Chromis), 213. »» (Kuhha), 96, » (Tilapia), 213. hunteri (Oreochromis), 149. » (Tilapia), 149. hutereati (Haplochilus), 63. Hydrargyra, 23. = maculata, 33. Hyporhamphus, 14. ibericus (Lebias), 21. iberus (Cyprinodon), 21. infrafasciatus (Epiplatys), 56. a3 (Haplochilus), 54. inornata (Tilapia), 263. intermedia (Paratilapia), 363. intermedius (Hemichromis), 363. ishmaeli (Haplochromis), 293. jallee (Chromis), 213. (HLemichromis), 328. INDEX. jalle (Tilapia), 213. jarbua (Holocentrus), 113. » (Sciena), 113. » (Therapon), 113. jayakari (Diagramma), 128. jeanneli (Astatotilapia), 291. » (Haplochromis), 291. jentink? (Puratilapia), 383. », (Pelmatochromis), 383. johanne (Anguilla), 7. johustoni (Astatotilapia), 249, 250. ” (Chromis), 249. johnstonii (Docimodus), 282. 5 (Haplochilus), 69. 9 (Tilapia), 249, 250. jubelini (Pristipoma), 126. Jugulares, 91. Julidochromis, 484, ‘9 boulengeri, 471. ae elongatus, 471. ss ocellatus, 462. 5 ornatus, 484. kafuensis (Paratilapia), 320. " (Tilapia), 153. katangee (Haplochilus), 67. kaupi (Syngnathus), 86, kingii (Haplochilus), 64. kingsleyee (Chromidotilapia), 398. a (Pelmatochromis), 398. kirkii (Chromis), 251. » (Ctenochromis), 251. » (Tilapia), 251. kotte (Tilapia), 200. kribensis (Pelmatochromis), £00. Kuhlia, 92. - arge, 95, , boninensis, 98. .. erulescens, 93. » caudovittata, 9s. . ciliata, 93. = humilis, 96. », malo, 96, , proxima, 97. = rupestris, 93. os sandvicensis, 97. ~ sauvagil, 93. splendens, 97. sterneckii, 95. tieniura, 95. labiata (Anguilla), 6, 7. » (Murena), 7. » (Tilapia), 280. Jabiatus (Lobochilotes), 289. Labrax, 101. » diacanthus, 102. » elongatus, 102. >> dinner, 102: » lupus, 102, ., orientalis, 104. » punctatus, 103. ,, schoenleinii, 104. », Vulgaris, 102. labrax (Dicentrarchus), 102. », (Morone), 102. » (Perca), 102. » (Roccus), 102. » (Sciena), 102. Labrus desfontainii, 302. Labyrinthici, 91. lacrimosa (Tilapia), 234. Lamprichthys, 80. bs tanganicanus, SO. Lamprologus, 459. boulengeri, 471. brevianalis, 462. 43 brevis, 478. i" callipterus, +76. ealliurus, 481. compressiceps, 479. congolensis, 464. cunningtoni, 474. elongatus, 472. fasciatus, 477. furcifer, 483. 3 heequi, 467. i lemairii, 475. 9 marginatus, 46:3. ” moequardii, 466. 5 modestus, 469. 3 mondabu, 470. moori, 478. multifasciatus, 468. 53 pleurostigma, 473. reticulatus, 482. steindachneri, 471. a teniurus, 480. . tetracanthus, 4635. tretocephalus, 466. tumbanus, 465. Larimus, 150, 34 Bou II/III INDEX (aba) -— 7 Larimus auritus, 130. lata (Tilapia), 190. lateralis (Chromis), 169. » (Pelmatochromis), 385. i (Tilapia), 169. lateristriga (Chromis), 253, 360. m (Tilapia), 253. Lates, 105. » angustifrons, 109. » marie, 108. » microlepis, 108. », Miloticus, 105. latifrons (Tilapia), 190. latirostris (Anguilla), 5. latus (Chromis), 190. » (Perca), 105. layardi (Stromatoidea), 120. Lebias, 18. » Calaritana, 18. » dispar, 20. » fasciatus, 18. » fava, 18. ,, lbericus, 21. », lineopunctata, 18. » sarda, 18. leiaspis (Hemithylacus), 85. » (Syngnathus), 85. leiguardu (Hemichromis), 428. lemairii (Grammatotria), 454. » (Lamprologus), 475. Lepidiolamprologus, 459. 3 elongatus, 472. lepidura (Tilapia), 181. lepidurus (Pelmatochromis), 385. leptosoma (Paratilapia), 372. leptura (Asprotilapia), 279. lethrinus (Chromis), 254. 5 (Tilapia), 254. letourneuxil (Hemichromis), 431. levaillantil (Chromys), 320. liaspis (Ccelonotus), 85. liberiensis (Haplochilus), 48. lineatus (Doryichthys), 8:3. lineopunctata (Lebias), 15. linnei (Labrax), 102. linnelli (Gephyrochromis), 159. 5, (Tilapia), 159. livingsionii (Astatotilapia), 286. (Chromys), 328. (Jlaplochromis), 286. (ITemichromis), 286, 518 livingstonii (Paratilapia), 286. - (Tilapia), 243. loati (Haplochilus), 63. Lobochilotes, 280. a labiatus, 280. loennbergii (Fundulus), 25. longianalis (Ectodus), 448, e (Enantiopus), 448. longiceps (Champsochromis), 434. - (Hemichromis), 434. - (Paratilapia), 434. longimanus (Paratilapia), 319. longirostris (Hemichromis), 332. = (Paratilapia), 332. i (Pelmatochromis), 395. longiventralis (Cunningtonia), 273. Lophobranchii, 81. Luciolates, 110. as brevior, 111. a3 stappersil, 110, luculle (Tilapia), 224. luebberti (Paratilapia), 350. luje (Haplochilus), 49. lunatus (Cyprinodon), 20. lupus (Centropomus), 102. », (Labrax), 102. Lycocyprinus, 40. macracanthus (Ambassis), 112. macrocentra (Tilapia), 169. macrocephala (Murena), 9. (Paratilapia), 317. s (Tilapia), 176. macrocephalus (Chromis), 176, aS (Melanogenes), 176. macrochir (Tilapia), 160. macrognathus (Otolithus), 119. : ( Pseudotolithus), 119. macrolepis (Diagramma), 129, macrophthalma (Anguilla), 7. (Murena), 7. (Tilapia), 261. macrophthalmum (Pristipoma), 130. macrops (Paratilapia), 421. Le (Pelmatochromis), 421. a (Tilapia), 238, macrostigma (Haplochilus), 73. macrurus (Haplochilus), 67. maculata (Hydrargyra), 33. maculipinna (Paratilapia), 341, INDEX. madagascariensis (Ptychochromis), 258. BN (Tilapia), 258. malo (Dules), 96. 5» (Kuhlia), 96. manyare (Tilapia), 187. marginatum (Trematocara), 455. marginatus (Dules), 93, 96. Fe (Lamprologus), 463.- marie (Lates), 108. » (Tilapia), 186. marni (Haplochilus), 70. martini (Tilapia), 239. materfamilias (Hemitilapia), 492. mato (Dules), 96. mauritiana (Anguilla), 7. meeki (Tilapia), 194. Melanogenes macrocephalus, 176. ne microcephalus, 171, 173. melanogenys (Ectodus), 448. 55 (Enantiopus), 448. melanopleura (Chromis), 190. m (Tilapia), 190. melanospilus (Fundulus), 34. melanostigma (Pelinatochromis), 421. melanotheron (Sarotherodon), 176. mellandi (Paratilapia), 358. mento (Doryichthys), 82. menzalensis (Chromis), 197. - (Tilapia), 197. microcephala (Tilapia), 174. microcephalus (Chromis), 173. 3 (Melanogenes), 171, 173. microdon (Pelmatochromis), 412. microlepis (Boulengerochromis), 370. s (Fundulus), 39. - (Haplotaxodon), 444. 99 (Lates), 108. 7 (Paratilapia), 370. Re (Perissodus), 497. . (Tilapia), 370. Micromugil, 18. Microphis, 83. microstomus (Chromis), 169. minor (Bathy bates), 442. mocquardii (Lamprologus), 466. modesta (Paratilapia), 326, modestus (Hemichromis), 326, 5 (Lamprologus), 469. moeruensis (Haplochilus), 66. (Haplochromis), 307. (Paratilapia), 307, moffati (Chromis), 300. »» (Haplochromis), 300. Mohanga, 80. as tanganicana, 80. mondabu (Lamprologus), 470. Monodactylus, 119. 9 argenteus, 122. eS faleiformis, 120, Ks rhombeus, 122. monteiri (Tilapia), 215. moorii (Cyrtocara), 445. », (Gephyrochromis), 458. 55 (Lamprologus), 478. » (Tropheus), 276. Morone, 101. > labrax, 102. » punctata, 103. Moronopsis, 92. 7 argenteus, 95, 96. 3 fuscus, 93. A. rupestris, 93. i sandvicensis, 96. 5 teeniurus, 95. mossambica (Anguilla), 6. % (Mureena), 6. i (Tilapia), 154. mossambicus (Chromis), 154, 157, 197. multicolor (Chromis), 299. 3 (Paratilapia), 299. multidens (Paratilapia), 407. 3 (Pelmatochromis), 407. multifasciata (Tilapia), 175. multifasciatus (Chromis), 175. - (Haplochilus), 75. He (Lamprologus), 468. multiocellatus (Pelmatochromis), 409. Mureena anguilla, 4. » bengalensis, 7. i labiata, 7. macrocephala, 9. macrophthalma, 7. mossambica, 6, i virescens, 9. myapose (Haplochilus), 44. Nandide, 99. Nannochromis, 375. dimidiatus, 376. nudiceps, 375. 29) squamiceps, 376, INDEX, 519 nanus (Aphanius), 18. natalensis (Chromis), 157. A (Tilapia), 157. neumanni (Fundulus), 35. ngamensis (Chromys), 328. ngomensis (Tilapia), 178. niger (Oreochromis), 152. nigra (Tilapia), 152. nigrescens (Astatotilapia), 296. is (Haplochromis), 296. nigricans (Haplochilus), 74. a (Tilapia), 241. nigrifrons (Trematocara), 456. nigripinnis (Chromis), 173. (Paratilapia), 373. i. (Tilapia), 173. nigrita (Corvina), 116. nigrofasciata (Paratilapia), 393. nigrofasciatus (Pelmatochromis), 393. nilotica (Anguilla), 5. (Chromis), 162. » (Perea), 105. » (Tilapia), 162. niloticus (Centropomus), 105. (Chromis), 154, 157, 162, 167, 169, 173, 190, 197, 206. » (Lates), 105. nisorius (Fundulus), 39. Nothobranchius, 23. orthonotus, 33, 35. s teniopygus, 37. nototenia (Paratilapia), 359. PY (Procatopus), 79. nubila (Tilapia), 235. nuchimaculatus (Haplochilus), 59. nuchisquamulata (Tilapia), 290. nuchisquamulatus (Chromis), 290. (Ctenochromis), 290. 5 (Haplochromis), 290. nudiceps (Nannochromis), 375. 55 (Pseudoplesiops), 375. nyusse (Petrochromis), 272. nyirica (Tilapia), 162. ”? 99 9 99 9 obesus (Pelmatochromis), 414. obliquidens (Chromis), 290. - (Ctenochromis), 290. . (Tilapia), 290. ocellatus (Julidochromis), 462. ocellifer (Pelmatochromis), 391. 420 ochrogenys (Enantiopus), 449. ogowensis (Chromis), 190. oligacanthus (Ptychochromis), 258, 259. s (Tilapia), 258. omalonota (Peecilia), 50. Ophichthys, 10, - buettikoferi, 10. Ophisternon, 1, Ophthalmotilapia, 138. es boops, 265. ” for, 266, orbicularis (Psettus), 120. Oreochromis, 128. 9 hunteri, 149, ” niger, 152, ” shiranus, 151. orientalis (Dicentrarchus), 104. ss (Labrax), 104. ornatipinnis (Xenotilapia), 453. ornatus (Julidochromis), 484. orthonotus (Cyprinodon), 33. a (Fundulus), 33, 34, 35. o4 (Nothobranchius), 38, 35. Otolithus, 117. 3 macrognathus, 119. #5 senegalensis, 118. Otopercea, 130. 4 aurita, 130. ovalis (Chromis), 208. » (Tilapia), 208. oxyrhynchus (Iemitilapia), 480, ae (Tilapia), 489. Pagrus, 132. pallida (Tilapia), 231. palmguistii (undulus), 31. pappenheimi (Tilapia), 232. Paracara, 308. +0 typus, 315. paradoxus (Plecodus), 503. Paradules rupestris, 93. 7 teniurus, 95. Paratilapia, 284, 308, 433. nfra, d25. aneusticeps, 320). aurita, 415. bayonl. 337, ne bieolor, hs 1G. bleekeri, 315. hloveti, Bor. INDEX. Paratilapia buettikoferi, 390. ” cerulea, 433. ealliura, 374. earlotte, 353. eavifrons, 418. cerasogaster, 316. chilotes, 338. chrysonota, 362. cinerea, 344. codringtoni, 352. compressiceps, 331. corbali, 351. crassilabris, 345. demeusii, 324. dewindti, 367. dimidiata, 360. dorsalis, 350. esox, 435. frederici, 355. frontosa, 420. furcifera, 368. gestri, 318. gibbiceps, 354. granti, 342. guiarti, 336, habereri, 407. intermedia, 363. jentinki, 383. kafuensis, 320. leptosoma, 372. livingstonii, 286. longiceps, 434. longimanus, 318. longirostris, 332. luebberti, 350. mnacrocephala, 317. macrops, 421. maculipinna, 341. mellandi, 358. mierolepis, 370. modesta, 326. moeruensis, 307, multicolor, 29%. multidens, 497. nigripinnis, 373. nigrofasciata, 393. nototmnia, 359). parvidens, 322, pectoralis, &39. pfefferi, 323. polleni, 319d. Paratilapia poly odon, 349, » . prognatha, 383, is retrodens, 347. ui rhoadesii, 361, by robusta, 328. Me schwebischi, 365. “ serranus, 333, 334. = smithii, 357, he stenosoma, 369. 2 thumbergii, 328. < toddi, 327. - typus, 315. iy ventralis, 365. = victoriana, 341. a vittata, 330. A wingatil, 303, Paretroplus, 504. FP damii, 505, 506, ig polyactis, 506. parvidens (Paratilapia), 322. pectoralis (Ctenochromis), 237. By (Paratilapia), 339. - (Tilapia), 237. pellegrini (Pelmatochromis), 388. Pelmatochromis, 377. “3 angolensis, 408. i annectens, 400. . ansorgil, 406, % arnoldi, 404. 3 auritus, 415. ie batesil, 393. - boulengeri, 396. af buettikoferi, 390, 391. caudifasciatus, 394, Bs cavifrons, 419. a congicus, 386. A: darlingi, 410. é. dimidiatus, 376. flavipinnis, +138. ” frontosus, 420. f euentheri, 385, 3383. a jentinki, 353, 7 kingsleya, 398, 4 kribensis, 400. - lateralis, 385. aa Jepidurus, 3So. es longirostris, 395. # macrops, 421. si melanostigma, 421. . wicrodon, 412. 94 multidens, 407. TEND EX, 5: Ww — Pelmatochromis multiocellatus, 409. 4. nigrofasciatus, 393. = obesus, +14. 43 ocellifer, 391. - pellegrini, 383. os pleurospilus, 423. - polylepis, 382. %9 polyodon, 407. 3 pulcher, 402. 59 regant, 390. 3 rhodostigma, 42+. 7 riponianus, 411. Ad speki, 416. < stappersii, 423. - subocellatus, 399. . teeniatus, 401, 407. “ welwitschil, 397. Perea argentea, 995, », Ciliata, 93. ., diacantha, 102. elongata, 102. » Jabrax, 102. » latus, 105. 5 Miotica, 105. »» punctata, 102, 103. 5 punetulata, 103. »» sinuosa, 102. Percesoces, 91. Percichthys ciliata, 93. Perciformes, 90. percivali (Tilapia), 210. percoides (Haplochromis), 206. Perissodus, 497. P microlepis, 497. perrieri (Tilapia), 229. petersii (Haplochilus), 59, 71. Petrochromis, 267. andersonil, 269, 37, eo nyasse, 272. B polyodon, 270. ‘ tanganice, 268. pfefferi (Paratilapia), 323. philander (Chromis), 300, ry (Tilapia), 300. Platyteniodus, 426. - degeni, 426. playfairii (Haplochilus), 51, Plecodus, 503. 4 bimaculatus, 503. . paradoxus, 003. pleuromelas (Chromis), 169, 622 pleuromelas (Tilapia), 169. pleurospilus (Pelmatochromis), 423. pleurostigma (Lamprologus), 473. pleurotenia (Tilapia), 247. Peecilia bensoni, 61. calaritana, 18. omalonota, 50. » sexfasciata, 56. », Spilargyreia, 55. spilauchena, 61. polleni (Paratilapia), 315. polvacanthus (Tilapia), 247. polyactis (Paretroplus), 506, polycentra (Chromis), 190. ae (Tilapia), 190. Polycentropsis, 99. 3 abbreviata, 100. polylepis (Pelmatochromis), 332. polyodon (Paratilapia), 349. (Pelmatochromis), 407, (Petrochromis), 270. Pristipoma, 129. jubelini, 126. macrophthalmum, 180. LP) ” 9 ” Pristipomatide, 125. Procatopus, 78. is nototenia, 79. productus (Ambassis), 112. prognatha (Paratilapia), 333. proxima (Kuhlia), 97. Psettus, 119. argenteus, 120, 121. commersonil, 120. falciformis, 120. orbicularis, 129, rhombeus, 122. ,, sebre, 122. Pseudoplesiops, 375. nudiceps, 379. Pseudotolithus, 117. macrognathus, 119. a typus, 118. pulchellus (Syngnathus), 88. pulcher (Pelmatochromis), 402. pumilus (Haplochilus), +40. punctata (Morone), 103. (Perea), 102, 103. - (Scizna), 103. punctatus (Dicentrarchus), L0-+. a (Labrax), 103. punctifer (Cobitis), 13. ” ” INDEX. punctifer (Galaxias), 13. punctulata (Perca), 103. Ptychochromis, 138. Fe betsi!eanus, 259. 5 grandidieri, 258. e madagascariensis, 258. “4 oligacanthus, 258, 259. rangi (Chromis), 174. » (Tilapia), 173. regani (Pelmatochromis), 390. rendalli (Chromis), 190. » (Tilapia), 190. reticulatus (Lamprologus), 482. retrodens (Hemichromis), 347. 3 (Paratilapia), 347. rhoadesii (Chilotilapia), 499. » (Paratilapia), 361. rhodostigma (Pelmatochromis), 424. rhombeus (Centrogaster), 121. ie (Centropodus), 121. m (Cheetodon), 123. : (Gasterosteus), 123. - (Monodactylus), 122. 33 (Psettus), 122. ae (Scomber), 121. riponianus (Pelmatochromis), 411. roberti (Astatotilapia), 295. 5 (Haplochromis), 295. robusta (Paratilapia), 328. robustus (Hemichromis), 328. Roccus labrax, 102. rolandi (Hemichromis), 431, rostrata (Tilapia), 255. rubropunctata (Tilapia), 228. rupestris (Centropomus), 93. te (Dules), 93. ” (Kuhlia), 93. e (Moronopsis), 93. (Paradules), 93. Safole, 92. sahare (Hemichromis), 431. sandvicensis (Kubla), 97. = (Moronopsis), U6. sarda (Lebias), 18. Sarotherodon, 138. " melanotheron, 176. i zillii, 197. sauvagil (Ctenochromis), 290. » (Kublia), 93. sauvagii (Tilapia), 290. schoelleri (Haplochilus), 65. schoenleinii (Labrax), 104. schubotzi (Haplochromis), 258. Schubotzia, 500. .; eduardiana, 500. schwebischi (Hemichromis), 365, 398. . (Paratilapia), 365, Sciena diacantha, 102. » jarbua, 113. » Jabrax, 102. », punctata, 103. Scienida, 115. Scomber rhombeus, 121. Scombresoces, 14. Scombresocide, 14. Scombriformes, 90. Scorpidide, 119. sebe (Psettus), 122. senegalensis (Haplochilus), 71, 72, 73. o (Otolithus), 118. Serranide, 101. serranus (Hemichromis), 334. 5 (Paratilapia), 333, 334. servus (Grammistes), 114. »» (Holocentrus), 113. » (Therapon), 114. sexfasciata (Peecilia), 56. s (Tilapia), 190. sexfasciatus (Epiplatys), 54. ia (Haplochilus), 54, 56. shirana (Tilapia), 151. shiranus (Corematodus), 494. py (Oreochromis), 151. sima (Xenotilapia), 452. Simochromis, 274. i diagramma, 275. simotes (Tilapia), 242. singa (Haplochilus), 78. singularis (Stappersia), 450. sinuosa (Perca), 102. sjoestedti (Fundulus), 38. smithii (Chromys), 357. (Doryichthys), 83. » (Paratilapia), 357. Sparide, 132. sparmanni (Chromis), 171, 206. sparrmani (Tilapia), 206. Sparus, 132. 5. desfontainii, 302, » galileus, 169. ” INDEX. 025 Sparus vagus, 132. sparsidens (Tilapia), 303. Spathodus, 496. 3 erythrodon, 496. spekii (Pelmatochromis), 416. Sphagebranchus, 10. 3 buettikoferi, 10. - cephalopeltis, 10. spilargyreia (Peecilia), 55. spilargyreus (Haplochilus), 72. spilauchen (Haplochilichthys), 61. ag (Haplochilus), 61. spilauchena (Peecilia), 61. spilurus (Chromis), 162. splendens (Kuhlia), 97. spurrelli (Fundulus), 27. squamiceps (Nanuochromis), 376. squamipiunis (Chromis), 183. ae (Tilapia), 183. stanleyi (Haplochromis), 295. » (Tilapia), 295. Stappersia, 450, ss singularis, 450. stappersii (Luciolates), 110. a (Pelmatochromis), 423. Steatocranus, 283. zs gibbiceps, 283. steindachneri (Lamprologus), 471. 3 (Tilapia), 209. stenosoma (Paratilapia), 369. sterneckii (Kuhlia), 95. stigmatogenys (Tilapia), 226. stoliezkanus (Cyprinodon), 20. storinsii (Tilapia), 227. striatus (Haplochilus), 60. strigigena (Ctenochromis), 299. s (Haplochromis), 299, 5 (Tilapia), 251. Stromatoidea, 119. 3 layardi, 120. subocellatus (Hemichromis), 399. - (Pelmatochromis), 399, subocularis (Chromis), 222, 249, swynnertoni (Tilapia), 219. Symbranchide, 1. Symbranchu, 1. Symbranchus, 1. Fe afer, 2. Syngnathide, 81. Syngnathus, &6. i algeriensis, 88. 524 Syngnathus ansorgi, 87. = argus, 85. ms fluviatilis, 82. i kaupi, 86. . leiaspis, 85. “6 pulchellus, 88. a zambesensis, 82. teniatus (Pelmatochromis), 401, 407. teniopygus (Fundulus), 34, 35, 37. re (Nothobranchius), 37. teniura (Kuhlia), 95. teeniurus (Lamprologus), 480. 55 (Moronopsis), 95. ss (Paradules), 95. tanganice (Chromis), 268. - (Petrochromis), 268, - (Tilapia), 268. tanganicana (Mohanga), 80. tanganicanus (Haplochilus), 80. 5 (Lamprichthys), 80. Tellia, 22. »» apoda, 22. ‘'elmatochromis, 485. Pe temporalis, 485. - vittatus, 487. temporalis (Telmatochromis), 455. tersquamatus (Hemichromis), 383. Tetrabranchus, 1, tetracanthus (Lamprologus), 463. tetrastigma (Chromis), 250. ¥ (Tilapia), 250. Therapon, 118. re jarbua 113. a servus, 114. timoriensis, 114. trivittatus, 114, tholloni (Chromis), 202. » (Tilapia), 202. thumbergi (Chromys), 328. thumbergii (Paratilapia), 325. tiberiadis (Chromis), 169. Tilapia, 138, 284. acuticeps, 218. .. adolphi-frederici, 220. sani, 190, alcalica, 188. amphinelas, 183. 9 hy} andersonu, 171. ansorgil, 214. INDEX. Tilapia aurata, 246. » anromarginata, 180, », bayoni, 240. ,, betsileana, 259. ,, bilineata, 204. Re boops, 260. » boulengeri, 182. », brevimanus, 196. » brevis, 262. 5, buettikoferi, 214. » burtoni, 217. 5, busumana, 197. » cabre, 149, » calliptera, 222. » christyi, 204. » crassa, 205. » dardennii, 256. , desfontainesi, 302. », dolloi, 184. s, dubia, 189. », dumerilii, 155. 5, eduardiana, 166. » fasciata, 215. 5. flavii-josephi, 303. » flavomarginata, 171. 5, fouloni, 206. » fuellebornii, 222. » galilea, 167, 169. oy | lard, 221. » grahami, 211. » grandidieri, 258, » grandoculis, 266, » guwarti, 336. » guineensis, 201. » haugi, 178. » heudeloti, 173. » hori, 228: .. humilior, 230, .. humilis, 213. - hunteri, 149. inornata, 263. » _ jallx, 213. » johnstonii, 249, 250, .. kafuensis, 153, kirkn, 251i kotte, 200. labiata, 280. lacrimosa, 234. lata, 190. lateralis, 169. luteristriga, 203, Tilapia latifrons, 190. ” 39 ” ” lepidura, 181. lethrinus, 254. linnelli, 159. livingstonil, 243, luculle, 224. macrocentra, 169. macrocephala, 176. macrochir, 160, macrophthalma, 261, macrops, 233, madagascariensis, 258. manyare, 187. marie, 186, martini, 239. meeki, 194. melanopleura, 190, menzalensis, 197. microcephala, 174. microlepis, 370, monteirl, 216. mossambica, 154. multifa. iata, 175. natalensis, 157. ngomensis, 173. nigra, 152. nigricans, 241, nigripinuis, 173. nilotica, 162, nubila, 235. nuchisquamulata, 290, nyirica, 162. obliquidens, 290. oligacanthus, 258. ovalis, 208. oxyrhynchus, 489. pallida, 231. pappenheimi, 232. pectoralis, 237, pereivali, 210. perrieri, 229). philander, 300. pleuromelas, 169. pleurotenia, 247. polyacanthus, 247. polycentra, 190. rangi, 173. rendalli, 190. rostrata, 255. rubropunctata, 228. sauvagi, 290. INDEX. Tilapia sexfasciata, 190. a smirana, 151, Ae simotes, 242. » Ssparrmani, 206. », S8parsidens, 3U3. », Squamipinnis, 183. » stanleyi, 295. 5, Steindachneri, 209. » stigmatogenys, 226, », storusii, 227. » strigigena, 251. » SsWynhnertoni, 219. » tanganice, 268. » tetrastigma, 250. 5, tholloni, 202. » trematocephala, 264. 3 tbistrami 197. » uniformis, 295, 5, » | Wariabilis, 167. » vVorax, 156. 5 Williamsi, 225. $3 woosnami, 212. - vebra, 244, og will, LOT: timoriensis (Therapon), 114. toddi (Paratilapia), 327. ‘Vrematocara, 455. - marginatum, 455, a nigritrons, 456. a uuimaculatum, 457. trematocephala (Tilapia), 264. tretocephalus (Lamprologus), 466, Tribranchus anguillaris, 6. tristrami (Chromis), 197, 201, " (Haligenes), 197. » (Tilapia), 197. trivittatus (Coius), 114. ” (Therapon), 114. Tropheus, 276. a annectens, 278. 5 Cym—ea * moori, 276, tumbanus (Lamprologus), 465. typus (Apocheilichthys), 61. 5» (Paracara), 315. (Paratilapia), 315. (Pseudotolithus), 118. ” ” Unibranchapertura, 1. uniformis (Tilapia), 2995. unimaculatum (Trematocara), 457, 825 526 vagus (Chrysophrys), 132. » (Sparus), 132. vaillanti (Caelonotus), 85. vanicolensis (Dules), 93. variabilis (Tilapia), 167. ventralis (Paratilapia), 365. venustus (Haplochromis), 287. victoriana (Paratilapia), 341. virescens (Angnilla), 6, 9. ‘ (Murena), 9. vittata (Paratilapia), 330. vittatus (Bathybates), 440. volte (Hemichroinis), 388. vorax (Chromis), 156, *,, (Tilapia), 156. vulgaris (Anguilla), 4. »» (Labrax), 102, walkeri (Fundulus), 32. welwitschii (Pelmatochromis), 397. williamsi (Chromis), 225, williamsi (Tilapia), 225. (Telmatochromis), 487. INDEX. wingatii (Paratilapia), 303. woosnami (Tilapia), 212. Xenochromis, 501. 7 hecqui, 502, xenodonta (Bayonia), 488. Xenotilapia, 451. “55 ornatipinnis, 453, Pr sima, 452. zambesensis (Belonichthys), 82. - (Syngnathus), 82. zebra (Tilapia), 244. zebratus (Cobitis), 12. » (Galaxias), 12. Zenarchopterus, 16. a dispar, 16. Zeorhombi, 90. zillii (Acerina), 197. », (Chromis), 197. », (Coptodon), 197. 4, (Glyphisodon), 197. » (Sarotherodon), 197. » (Tilapia), 197. DIVISION OF Pisirs U.S, NATIONAL MUSEUM