04906741 6 3 1761 —— fcc al i cmemememeaeetl ees ee =e ———S]| ee Se ———_ — —ee UNIV. OF ToRONTO Lin RaRryY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofmollu04brituoft aa » a at ied CATALOGUE OF THE Mm Gh kL USC A IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. PART IV. BRACHIOPODA ANCYLOPODA, OR LAMP SHELIS. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1853. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. Sufse— 1 aes vl ‘ PREFACE. THE chief objects in forming the present Synoptical Cata- logue have been, to exhibit at one view a complete list of all the specimens of Bracutoropous Mo.uuvsca in the Bri- tish Museum Collection, and to furnish such an account of the species known to exist in other collections, but which are at this time desiderata in the British Museum, as the materials at hand would permit me to compile, in order to enable travellers, collectors, and others, to assist in com- pleting the national collection. For this purpose, short descriptions have been given of all the genera and species of recent Brachiopoda now known to exist in the different museums and private collections, and of the better-known fossil species of the various fami- lv lies. At the end of each description is added the country, or strata, and other peculiarities of each species mentioned. Great attention has been paid to dates, and the generic and specific names which appear to possess priority in this respect have been adopted. Reference has also been made to the works in which the genera and species appear to have been first described or noticed. Mr. 8S. P. Woopwarp has kindly assisted in the pre- paration of the Catalogue, especially as regards the fossil species, and in drawing the illustrations, which have been engraved by Miss ANN Wateruovuse of the School of Design. JOHN EDWARD GRAY. January 11th, 1853. CATALOGUE OF BRACHIOPODA OR LAMP-SHELLS THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Class I. BRACHIOPODA. Shell inequivalve, equilateral, attached by a muscular peduncle, or by the surface of one valve, or free ; valves applied to the dorsal and ventral sides of the animal, united by muscles and mostly articulated by teeth ; dorsal valve* usually smallest, always free, furnished internally with sockets for the hinge-teeth, and with shelly processes + for the support of the animal; ventral valve usually largest, and with its umbo produced and perforated for the passage of the peduncle, frequently attached by its outer surface, and generally provided internally with two prominent teeth ; periostracum thick, sometimes developed into concentric lamellz. Animal furnished with elongated labial appendages, or ora/ arms, which are free or united by membrane and variously folded, * What is here called the dorsal valve has often been called the lower valve, being usually below when the animal is in its natural position attached to marine bodies; but it has been found to cover the back of the animal. + Sometimes termed an “internal skeleton” or “ apophysary system.” B 2 BRACHIOPODA. being usually spiral, and having their outer margin fringed with cirri ; mantle-lobes closely applied to the valves, frmged with horny sete, and furnished with large branching veins ; digestive organs occupying a small space near the umbones, separated by a strong membrane from the general cavity of the shell in which the cirrated arms are expanded; respiration performed by the vessels of the mantle; circulation effected by two hearts, each having an auricle and a ventricle; sexes united? ; ova developed in vascular sinuses, or in the large veins. Habit marine, ranging from low water to 100 fathoms ; in all climates and seas (Woodward MS.). Ostreacia; Subfam. Placunia, part., Rafinesque, Anal. 148, 1815. Poleteria; Brachiopea, Rafinesque, Anal. 148, 1815. Brachiopoda, Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. i. 44, & in Roissy, Moll. vi. 460, 1805. Dumeril, Trait. élém. 1806. Lamk. Phil. Zool. 1809, 317. Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825. Schweigg. Naturg. 689, 1820. Rang, Man. 257. 1829. Flem. Brit. An. 1828, 256, 377. Menke, Syn. i. 95, 1836. Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 22. Gray, Syn. B. M.1840; 1842, 85; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 202; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. 1. 435, 1848. Anomia, part., Linn. S. Nat. Criopus or Criopoderma, Poli, Test. Sicil. 1792. Branchiopoda, Risso, Hist. iv. 1826. Swains. Malac. 1840. Spirobrachiophora, Gray, Med. Repos. 1821, 238. Lingulacea, Blainv. Dict. Sc. Nat. x. 1818. Acephalophora palliobranchia, Blainville, Prodr. 1814. Acephala Brachiopoda, Anton, Verz. Conch. 12, 1839. Acephala Palliobranchiata or Brachiopoda, Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. ii. 339. Conchiféres monomyaires, Sect. 111. (Les Rudistes et Les Bra- chiopodes), Lamk. Hist. vi. 229. Conchiféres Brachiopodes, Lamk. Hist. vi. 241. Mol. acephala testacea monomyaria (monomyaires), part., Lamk. Hist. vi. 1, 2nd ed. vii. 1. Acephales testacés, Brachiopodes (and Ostracées, part.), Lamk. Ext. du Cours, 104, 1812. Rang, Man. Moll. 257. Palliobranchiata or Palliobranches, Blainv. Dict. Sc. Nat. xxxii. 1824. King, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846. BRACHIOPODA, 3 Multivalves, part., Megerle, Berl. Mag. 1811. Therozoa Brachiopoda, Eichwald, Zool. Spec. i. 272, 1831. Mollusques Agames Endocephales Brachiopodes, Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825. Palliobranchiata seu Brachiopodes, Van der Hoev. Handb. der Zool. 692, 1850. In 1798 M. Cuvier (Legons d’ Anatomie Comparée, Ann. vii. i. tab. 5) placed the Brachiopods with Hyalea in the third division of the shell-bearing acephalous mollusca, which he afterwards named Brachiopodes. Thus: 1. Terebratules. Terebratula, Calceola, Hyalea. 2. Lingules. Lingula. 3. Orbicules. Orbicula. In 1812 Lamarck (Evtrait du Cours, 8vo, p. 105) regarded the Brachiopods as part of the Acephales testacés. § 1. Les Brachiopodes. Lingule, Terebratule, Orbicule. § 2. Ostracées. Radiolite, Calceole, Cranie, Anomie, and other bivalve shells. In 1815 Rafinesque (Analyse de la Nature, 12mo, p. 148) di- vided the present Brachiopodes between the family Ostreacia of the Bivalvia, subfamily Placunea. 1. Calceolina = Calceola, 2. Cranicella=Crania. Family Brachiopea of Poleteria. 1. Orbicula. 2. Terebra- tula. 3. Lingula. In 1817 M. Cuvier (Reg. Anim. ii. and ed. 2, 1829, iti. 122) considered Les Brachiopodes as a class containing 1. Les Lingules. 2. Les Terebratules (Spiriféres, Thécidées). 3. Les Orbicules (Cranies, Discines). Tn 1818 Lamarck (Hist. Nat. des Animaux sans Vertebres) re- garded the Brachiopods as forming the greater part of his third section of the CONCHIFERES MONOMYAIRES. 1. Les Rudistes. 1. Spherulite. 2. Radiolite. 3. Calceola. 4. Birostrite. 5. Discine. 6. Cranie. 2. Les Brachiopodes. 1. Orbicule. 2. Terebratule. 3. Lin- gule. In 1819 M. de Férussac (Tabi. Syst. Moll. fol. 38) regarded Les Brachiopodes as a class of the Acephales, and divided them into Fam. 1. Les Lingules. Lingule. 2. Les Terebratules. Terebratule, Magas. 3. Les Cranies. Orbicule, Cranie, Thécidée. B2 4 BRACHIOPODA. and placed Calceole in the family Rudiste of the class Lamelli- branches. In 1825 M. de Blainville (Manuel Malac. 8vo) divided the class Acephalophores into four Orders ; the following contain what are now considered Brachiopods. Order I. PALLIOBRANCHES. 1. Coquille symmétrique. Lingule, Terebratule, Thécidie, Strophoméne, Plagistome, Dianchore, Podopside. 2. Coquille non-symmétrique, irréguliére, constamment adhé- rente. Orbicule, Cranie. Order II. Rupistes. Spherulite, Hippurite, Radiolite, Bi- rostrite, Calceole. In 1825 M. Latreille (Fam. Nat. Reg. Anim. 8vo, 196) divided the Mollusques Agames Endocephales Brachiopodes into two Orders and three Families, thus : 1. Pedonculés. 1. Equivalves, Lingule. 2. Inéquivalves, Te- rebratule. 2. Sessiles. 1. Fixivalves, Orbicule, Cranie, Acarde, Spheru- “a Placing the genus Calceole in the family Ostracés of Con- chiféres. In 1829 M. Rang (Manuel des Mollusques, 12mo, Paris, p. 257) arranged the Acephales Testacés Brachiopodes thus : I. Lingules. Lingule. II. Terebratules. Térébratule, Strophoméne, Thécidée, Cal- ceole. III. Cranies. Cranie, Orbicule. In 1834 Leopold von Buch (Ueber die Terebrateln, Berlin, 4to) gives the following arrangement :— A. Attached by the border. * Between the two valves no hinge-line. 1. Lingula. ** At the border of the dorsal valve above the hinge. t One valve perforated. o. This perforation separated from the hinge-line by a delti- dium. 2. Terebratula (Atrypa, Orthis, Strigocephalus, Uncites, Pentamerus, Magas). oo. The perforation is triangular, open, of which the base rests on the hinge-line, and the apex reaches to the apex of one valve. 3. Delthyris (Spirifer, Cyrtia, Gypidia). tt Neither valve perforated. o. A large cardinal area. 4. Calceola. oo. No cardinal area. 5. Leptena (Producta, Strophomena). B. Attached by the lower side. a. Middle of the lower valve perforated for attachment. 6. Orbicula. b. Lower valve entire, attached by its whole face. 7. Crania. BRACHIOPODA. o In 1836 M. Deshayes (Lamk. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. vii. 309) proposed the following arrangement :— BRACHIOPODES. I. Valves articulées.—1. Productes, Productus. 2. Térebra- tules, Terebratule. 3. Thécidées, Thecidée. Il. Valves libres.—4. Lingules, Lingule. 5. Orbiculées, Or- bicule. 6. Cranies, Calceola, Cranie. Dr. Gray in 1840 (Synopsis Brit. Mus. 1840, i. f. 7) divided the order thus :— The family of Terebratulide are regular, and somewhat like a Grecian lamp in form, and have therefore been called Lamp- shells. The valves are articulated together, and are attached by means of a tendinous band, which passes out of the hole in the apex of the upper valve as in Terebratula and Spirifer. The Lingulide are attached by a tendinous tube, resembling the stem of the Barnacles, which projects between the apices of the gaping valves. The Discinide, on the other hand, have the tendon passing out of a linear slit near the middle of the under valve. And at p. 155 gives a list of the genera as follows :— 1. Lingulide, Lingula. 2. Terebratulide, Terebratula, Spi- rifer. 3. Productide, Productus, Calceola. 4. Thecideide, Thecidea. 5. Craniade, Crania. 6. Discinide, Discina. In 1841 Mr. John Phillips (Figures and Descriptions of the Paleozoic Fossils, 8vo, p. 54) arranged the genera of Brachiopoda thus :— 1. Valve free, attachment by exserted muscle. A. Valves equal. 1. Lingula. B. Valves unequal. a. Larger valves imperforate, Athyride; * no cardinal area, Producta; ** a cardinal area, Caleeola. 6. Larger valve perforated in or under the beak. Perforation reaching to the hinge-line, Delthyride. Cardinal area more or less common to both valves, Orthis. Cardinal area confined to the large valve. * Internal plate of the larger valves separate, Spirifera. ** Internal plates of the larger valve united on the inside line of the shell. + Plate narrow, Strigocephalus. +f Plates very narrow, Pentamerus. Cardinal area obsolete, beak incurved over a minute perfora- tion, which is often obtect, or merely serves to receive the beak of the smaller valve, Cleiothyris. Perforation not reaching to the hinge-line, Cyclothyride. * Beak truncate, perforate, Epithyris. ** Beak acute, the per- foration below it, Hypothyris. 6 BRACHIOPODA. In 1842 Dr. Gray (Synopsis Brit. Mus. 1842, 88) proposed the following division for the class Brachiopoda :— “Some are attached by means of a tendinous cord, which passes out between or in a groove in one of the valves. The family of Lingulide are attached by a tendinous tube, resembling the stem of the Barnacles, which projects between the apices of the gaping valves, as in Lingula. “The family of Terebratulide are regular and somewhat like a Grecian lamp in form, and have therefore been called Lamp-shells. The valves are articulated together, and the animals are attached by means of a tendinous band, which passes out of the hole in the apex of the upper valve, as in the Tere- bratulee and Spirifer. “The family Discinide, on the other hand, have the tendon passing out of a linear slit near the middle of the under valve ; the shell is suborbicular, and the upper valve conical, like a Patella, but more symmetrical—Discina. “Others are immediately attached by the outer surface of their under shell. “The family of Craniade are attached by their flat lower valve, which has an oblique facet on the upper side; the upper valve is suborbicular, conical, with a subcentral apex like the Discine: the muscular scars of the lower valves bear some re- semblance to a face, hence the name of Crania. “The family of Thecideide are fossil shells, very like the last, but only attached by the apex of the lower valves, which is pro- duced and somewhat lamp-like, and the cavity is furnished with a complicated apparatus to support the internal organs, as in Terebratulide—Thecidea. “The family of Productide are fossils, probably allied to the latter ; one valve is concave, the other flat, or concave and pressed into the cavity of the other; the hinge-line is straight and the shell subsymmetrical—Productus, Calceola.” In 1846 Mr. W. King (Ann. & Mag. N. H. xvii. 1846, p. 28) divided the genera of Palliobranchiata into the following fami- lies :— 1. Obolide. 1. Obolus. 2. Lingulide. 1. Lingula. 3. Orbiculide. 1. Orbicula. 4. Craniide. 1. Crania. 2. Siphonotreta. 5. Calceolide. 1. Calceola. ‘ 6. Strophomenide. 1. Strophomena. 2. Orthis. 3. Lep- tena. 4. Chonetes. 7. Productide. 1. Productus. 2. Strophalosia. BRACHIOPODA. 7 8. Terebratulide. 1. Terebratula. 2. Hypothyris, 3. Pen- tamerus. 4, Camerophoria. 5. Uncites. 9. Spiriferide. 1. Spirifer. 2. Atrypa. 3. Martinia. 4. Stri- gocephalus. 10. Thecideide. 1. Thecidia. In 1847 M. d’Orbigny (Ann. Sci. Nat. 1847 ; Paléont. Frane. Terr. Crét. iv. and Cours Elémentaire de Paléontologie, 12mo. p. 80, 1849) proposed the following arrangement :— Order I. BracutopopEs BRACHIDEsS (Brachide). 1. BRACHIDES PROPRE. Fam. 1. Lingulide. 1. Lingula. 2. Obolus. 2. Calceolide. 1. Calceola. 3. Productide. 1. Productus. 2. Chonetes. 3. Leptena. 4. Orthiside. 1. Strophomena. 2. Orthisina, 3. Orthis. 5. Rhynchonellide. 1. Hemithyris. 2. Rhynchonella, 3. Stri- gocephalus. 4. Porambonites. 6. Uncitide. 1. Uncites. 2. Atrypa. 3. Pentamerus. 2. SEMIBRACHIDES. 1. Spiriferide. 1. Cyrtia. 2. Spirifer. 3. Spiriferina. 4. Spi- rigerina. 5. Spirigera. 2. Magaside. 1. Magas. 2. Terebratulina. 3. Terebratulide. 1. 'Terebratella. 2. Terebrirostra. 3. Fissi- rostra. 4. Orbiculide. 1. Siphonotreta. 2. Orbicella. 3. Orbicu- loidea. 4. Orbicula. 5. Cranide. 1. Crania. s Order II. BRAcHIOPODES CIRRIDES (Cirrhide). 1. Thecide. 1. Megathiris. 2. Thecidea. 2. Caprinide. 1. Hippurites. 2. Caprina. 3. Caprinula. 4. Caprinella. 3. Radiolide. 1. Radiolites. 2. Biradiolites. 3. Caprotina. In 1848 Dr. Gray (Ann. § Mag. N. H. 1848, uu. p. 435; Translated Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 98, and Lovén, Arsb. 1845-1849, 213) proposed the following arrangement :— BRACHIOPODA.—Subclass 1. ANCYLOPODA. The oral arms not extensile, or only at the tip; on fixed shelly supports, or in grooves in the under or ventral valves ; the mantle is adherent to the shell, the substance of the shell being pierced with numerous minute perforations, which are pervaded by the processes of the mantle. 8 BRACHIOPODA. Order I. ANCYLOBRACHIA. The oral arms are attached to two shelly plates arising from the hinder or cardinal edge of the ventral valves ; they are re- curved and convolute on the inner side of the lamina. The animals are generally attached to marine bodies by a tendinous peduncle, which passes through a hole in the top of the umbo of the larger or dorsal valve ; this peduncle and the hole are sometimes obli- terated in the older specimens. The order only contains a single family, Fam. 1. Terebratulide, which is nearly synonymous with the smooth Terebratula of Sowerby, the perforated Terebratula of Carpenter, the genus Epithyris of Phillips and Terebratula of King, the family Tere- bratulide of M‘Coy, and Cyclothyride of Phillips. The animal has been described by Linneus, Pallas, Owen, Blainville, Philippi, D’Orbigny and others. In some genera the hoops are united together below by a transverse band which is attached to medial longitudinal ridges of the ventral valve, as in Terebratula of Retzius = the Terebratella of D’Orbigny, as T. dorsata and Magas, Sow. In others the hoop forms a ring, and is free from the ventral valve, as Gryphus, Megerle= Terebratula, D’Orb. and Terebratulina, D’Orbigny, for T. vitrea and T. caput serpentis. D’Orbigny indicates other genera under the names of Terebrirostra and Fissirostra. Order II. The CryproBRAcHIA have the oral arms entirely attached in the form of two or more lobed processes sunk into the grooves in the disc of the ventral valve. They are generally thick shell8. This order also con- sists of only a single family. Fam. |. Thecideade. The animals are described by Philippi and D’Orbigny. The genus Argiope, De Longchamps = Megathiris, D’Orb. (Tereb. detruncata) is attached by a tendon passing out of a very large perforation below the beak of the dorsal valves: Philippi con- founds this genus with his Orthis, which is different from the Orthis of Dalman. Thecidea has the shell attached by the trun- cated apex of the dorsal valve, or it is free when the apex is pro- duced and entire. De Longehamps, who established the genus Argiope in 1839, pointed out the affinity of this genus to The- cided. Subclass 2. HELIcTOPODA. The oral arms are elongate, regularly spirally twisted when in repose. The mantle-lobes are merely applied to the inner surface BRACHIOPODA. 9 of the shell, and the substance of the valves is not pierced with minute perforations, though the surface is sometimes spinulose, the spines being only formed on the edge of the shell while it is being increased in size. Order III. ScLeERoBRACHIA. The oral arms support a shelly band arising from the hinder or cardinal edge of the ventral valve. Fam. 1. Spiriferide. The oral arms very largely developed and supported the whole of their length by a thin shelly ? or cartilaginous? spirally twisted late. . These shells are only known in the fossil state, but the spiral supports of the arms are generally preserved, and may be dis- covered by sections of the fossil, and are often to be seen in the fractured specimens. This family is equivalent to the genus Spirifer of J. Sowerby the father, the family Delthyride, M‘Coy, who gave some ex- cellent illustrations of the structure and the Spiriferide of King. D’Orbigny proposed some genera under the names of Spiriferina, Spirigera and Spirigerina, according to the direction of the axis of the spiral cones, but it is doubtful if these genera are only new names to those already established. The Spirifer of Sowerby, as reduced by M‘Coy, and the Mar- tinia of M‘Coy, have the hinge as long or longer than the width of the shell. In Atrypa, Dalman, and Athyris, M‘Coy, it is shorter and the shells oblong, rounder behind. According to the description of Mr. King, the genus Strigo- cephalus would appear to form the passage between this and the next family (Ann. Nat. Hist. xviii. 89). Fam. 2. Rhynchonellide. The oral arms are elongate, fleshy, supported at the base by two short, hard, diverging shelly lamimz arising from the hinge- margin of the ventral valve. They are easily known from the Terebratulide by the cavity of the shell being without shelly plates, its substance not perforated, and its surface being generally radiately plaited. Only one species, T. psittacea, is known in the recent state ; its animal has been described by Professor Owen. The family is equivalent to the plaited Terebratula of the elder James Sowerby and Von Buch, the non-perforated Terebratula of Carpenter, the genus Hypothyris of Phillips, and part of the family Terebratu- lide of Kmg. It contains the genus Rhynchonella of Fischer and D’Orbigny = Hypothyris of Phillips ; Camerophoria, King : Bd 10 BRACHIOPODA. Uncites, Defrance?; Trigonosemus, Koenig; Rhynchora, Dalman ; Pygope, Link ; Delthyridea, M‘Coy ; Pentamerus, Sowerby. Order IV. SARcICOBRACHIA. The oral arms fleshy to the base and without any shelly sup- port ; the lower valve without any processes on the hinge-margin or disc, or except sometimes a slight medial longitudinal elevation. Fam. 1. Productide consists entirely of fossil species, some much resembling those of the former family, but the shells are generally spmose; they are only attached to marine bodies by the surface of the ventral valve, as the genera Productus, Sow. ; Strophalosia, King; Cho- netes, Fischer; Leptena and Orthis, Dalman; Strophomena, Rafinesque; and Calceola, Lamk. This family comprises Mr. King’s Productide, Strophomenide and Calceolide. Fam. 2. Craniade. Nearly allied to the last, but the upper valve is simply conic like Patella, and the animal is attached by the outer surface of the ventral valve. The animal has been figured by Miller, Poli and others. It includes the recent genus Crania of Retzius, including the Or- bicula of Lamarck, Criopus of Poli. The lower valve of the only recent species I am acquainted with varies greatly in thickness and form according to the position and habitation of the animal. This animal in many particulars is allied to Thecideade. Fam. 3. Discinide. The upper valve is conical and patelloid, the lower orbicular, and is attached to marine bodies by a short tendinous peduncle, which passes out through a slit in the hinder part of the disc of the ventral valve. The animal of this genus has been described by Mr. Owen under the name of Orbicula, Mr. G. B. Sowerby having some years ago confounded this shell with that genus, which has caused confusion, which has existed to this day. The shell was first de- scribed by Schumacher as a section of the genus Crania. Mr. King, probably misled by this mistake, does not include it in his arrangement. This shell is peculiar, for being horny rather than a shell texture, it is flexible when moist. Fam. 4. Lingulide. The valves are nearly equal elongate, and supported by a thick peduncle which comes out between the beaks of the two valves. The shells are covered with a horny periostraca, and in some species the shelly matter is so very thin that the shells are flexible BRACHIOPODA. ll and nearly entirely cartilaginous. The family consists only of a single genus, Lingula. Order V. Rupisres. This Order has been placed by modern authors with the Bra- chiopoda: the proofs of its belonging to this family are not very evident ; but as there is no other to which they appear to be more nearly allied, they may as well be retained in this position. Lamarck, Cuvier, Férussac, and some other authors have re- garded some of the genera as belonging to Cephalopoda, and others as Bivalves (Conchifera). Deshayes regards them as more nearly allied to Chama, the character of the family having been lost by the destruction of the inner coat of the shell during the fossilization of the specimen. M. d’Orbigny has properly united them into one group under the name of Irregular Brachiopods or Rudistes, but he includes with them the genus Crania, which is a true Brachiopod. They form three very distinct families. Fam. 1. Radiolitide. The lower valves more or less elongate-conical, fixed; the upper valve conical or spiral, free; the texture of the lower valve cellular or fibrous. The Radiolites has the upper valve flat or conical and cap-like. The Caprina, D’Orb., has a spiral and produced upper valve. The first of these genera has had many names applied to it, but that given by Lamarck has the priority. It has been called Spherulites, Ostracites and Acardo, and the cast of the interior cavity has been considered as a genus, under the name of Biros- tris and Iodamia. Fam. 2. Hippuritide. The lower valve is elongate, tapering sub-cylindrical, of a solid laminated texture; the upper valve is nearly flat, and pierced with peculiar pores radiating to the circumference with branches diverging to the upper surface. This family contains only a single genus, Hippurites, Lamarck, which has also had many other names applied to it, as Cornu- copia, Orthoceratites, Batolites (or Batholites), Raphanister, and Bitubulites. Fam. 3. Caprotinide. The lower or fixed valve is conical and spirally twisted, and marked internally with prominent ridges or transverse septa ; the dorsal or free valve is oblique or spiral. They differ from Ca- prina in the valves not heing of a cellular or fibrous texture. This family contains two genera :— 1. Caprotina, D’Orb., which has the cavity of the shell merely marked with internal ridges. 12 BRACHIOPODA. 2. Ichthyosarcolites has the cavity of the large spiral or invo- lute fixed valve divided transversely by a number of oblique septa ; the upper valve is probably like an operculum, but this genus is very imperfectly known. In 1849 Dr. H. G. Bronn (Index Paleontologicus, 8vo, p. 210) divided the BRacutopopa thus :— A. genuina. 1. Obolus. 2. Lingula. 3. Siphonotreta. 4. Te- rebratula. 5. Magas. 6. Thecidea. 7. Atrypa. 8. Stringo- cephalus. 9. Uncites. 10. Pentamerus. 11. Camerophoria. 12. Enteletes. 13. Spirifer. 14. Trigonotreta. 15, Delthyris. 16. Porambonites. 17. Orthis. 18. Pronites. 19. Hemipro- nites. 20. Orthambonites. 21. Gonambonites. 22. Chonetes. 23. Leptena. 24. Plectambonites. 25. Strophonema. 26. Pro- ductus. 27. Calceola. B. Rudiste. 28. Orbicula. 29. Crania. 30. Polyconites. 31. Hippurites. 32. Radiolites. 33. Spherulites. 34. Diceras. 35. Ichthyosarecolithus. 36. Caprina. 37. Requienia. 38. Ca- protina. 39. Plagioptychus. 40. Dipilidia. 41. Monopleura. In 1850 Dr. Van der Hoeven (Handbuch der Zoologie, Leipsic, 1850, 80. p. 692) divided the Palliobranchiata seu Brachiopoda thus :— I. Testa acardis. 1. Lingula. 2. Orbicula. 3. Crania. II. Testa cardine instructa. 4. Calceola. 5. Thecidea. 6. ~ Terebratula. 7. Spirifer. 8. Productus. Subclass 1. ANCYLOPODA. The oral arms recurved and affixed to shelly appendages on the disk of the dorsal valve. Shell minutely and closely punctate. Ancylopoda, Gray, Ann. 8 Mag. N. H.ii. 1848, 436; Cat. Brit. Moll. B. M.; in Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 48. and p. 7. Order I. ANCYLOBRACHIA. Oral arms affixed to calcareous lamelle, forming a loop at- tached to the hinge-margin of the dorsal valve, and more or less prominent in its cavity. Ancylobrachia, Gray, Ann. N. H. 2nd ser. ii. 435, 436, 1848; Cat. Bivalves B. M.; Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 98 (see p. 8). Brachiopodes brachides (Brachide) part., D’Orb., Cours Elém. Paléont. 80, 1849 (see p. 7). BRACHIOPODA. yy Fam. 1. TEREBRATULID. Shell minutely punctate, usually round or oval, and smooth or striated ; ventral valve (fig. 2) largest, its umbo produced into a beak with the apex truncated and perforated ; foramen (/) sepa- rated from the hinge-line by a small triangular plate or deltidium (d) composed of two pieces (deltidia) ; teeth (2) situated one on each side of the deltidium, supported by plates; dorsal valve (fig. 1) with a depressed umbo; furnished interiorly with a pro- minent cardinal process (j) between the sockets for the teeth (¢’), a hinge-plate (p) with four cavities and a central ridge or septum (s); mternal skeleton in the form of a slender shelly loop, at- tached by its crura (¢) to the hinge-plate, and furnished near its origin with oral processes (c). Fig. 1. Dorsal valve :—j. cardinal process ; ¢/. dental sockets ; p. hinge-plate ; s. septum; ¢. crura of the loop; J/. reflected portion of the loop; m. quadruple adductor-impression. Fig. 2. Ventral valve:—f. foramen; d. deltidium; ¢. teeth; a. adductor-im- pression ; 7. retractor impressions ; p. pedicle-muscles ; 2. anal muscles; v, posi- tion of the vent; 2. attachments of peduncle-sheath. Animal always attached by a peduncle ; furnished with cirrated arms, united throughout by membrane, folded upon themselves, and only spiral at their extremities; muscles of three kinds,— adductors, retractors, and those which go to the peduncle (byssa/ or pedal muscles of ordinary bivalves). The adductors are at- tached to four spots near the centre of the dorsal valve (m), and to a single spot behind the centre of the opposite valve (a); the retractors originate on each side of the adductor in the ventral valve (r), and are attached to the cardinal process (/) of the dorsal valve; the hinge-teeth form the fuderum on which the dorsal valve turns ; of the pedicle muscles, two (p) originate outside the adductor and behind the retractors in the ventral valve: two 14 BRACHIOPODA. others, each with a double termination, are inserted in the hinge- plate (p) of the dorsal valve ; the septum supports the visceral membranes. The position at which the intestine of Terebratula terminates, namely just behind the adductor muscle (fig. 2, v), seems to imply that it discharges through the byssal foramen ; and as the same arrangement exists in Terebratulina, Kraussia, Argiope, and in the recent Rhynchonella nigricans, it becomes probable that such is the general rule; in those extinct genera which have the foramen closed at an early age, there is always an opening be- tween the deltidium and the umbo of the smaller valve (e. g. in Uneites gryphus), which has been mistaken for a byssal notch. The foramen in the hinge-plate of Athyris shows that the intes- tine took the same course in the Spiriferide as it is known to do in the Rhynchonellide and Terebratulide *. The following illustration (fig. 2*) is from a drawing by Mr. Albany Hancock. Fig. 2*. Waldheimia flavescens. Fig. 2*. a. adductors; 7. retractors; a. accessory retractors (anal muscles) ; p. p. pedicle-muscles ; 2. function uncertain ; 0. mouth; v. vent; /. loop; ¢. den- tal socket. * The muscular system of Ter. flavescens was correctly (though diagramatically) represented and described by Mr. King in his Memoir of the Permian Fossils, published by the Paleontographical Society in 1850; the function of the retractor muscles was not stated, but must have been understood. (Woodward, MS.) BRACHIOPODA. 15 Terebratulade, Leach, MSS. 1818, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xx. 273. Terebratulide, Gray, Syn. B. M. 1840; 1842, 85,92; Sow. Ann. N. H. 2nd ser. i. 436, 1848 ; Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 98. M‘Coy, Carb. Foss. Ireland. King, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii. 26. Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll, ii. 343, D’ Orb. Cours Paléont. 80. 1849. Terebratulacea, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. 95, 1830. Terebratulacea, part., Anton, Verz. Conch. 12. 21. Terebratulaceee, Menke, Syn. ed. 1. 56, 1828. Les Térébratules, Féruss. Tab. Syst. 1821. Rang, Man. Moll. 258. Terebratulinee, Agass. Nomen. 1847. Lingule, part., Hichw. Zool. Spec. i. 275. Thecidide, part. (Megathyris), D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. Cyclothyride, Phillips, Pal. Foss. Cornwall. Synopsis of Tribes and Genera. A. Loop attached to the hinge-plate-—Terebratulanina, 1. TEREBRATULA. 2. TEREBRATULINA. 3. WALDHEIMIA. B. Loop attached to the septum in the middle of the dorsal valve.—Magasina. . TEREBRATELLA. . TRIGONOSEMUS. . MaGas. . BoucHARDIA. . MEGERLIA. . Morrisia. . KRAUSSIA. SUYONRAU —_ C. Loop attached to the surface of valve.—Argiopina. 11. ARGIOPE. Tribe 1. TEREBRATULANINA. Shell usually oval, valves convex, margins even or ouly slightly waved ; hinge-line curved; beak of the larger valve perforated, the foramen quite at the apex; deltidium of two pieces, often blended ; internal skeleton consisting of a slender shelly loop, not attached in the middle to the valve. 6 BRACHIOPODA. Animal with the oral arms united by membrane, forming a 3-lobed disc, the central lobe elongated and folded spirally (figs. 3, 5, 6 and 7). Concha anomia, Fab. Colonna, Tract. de Purp. 1616. Terebratula, Lihwyd, Lith. Brit. 40, 1699. Brug, 1789, Enc. Méth. t. 6. p. xiv. Miller, Zool. Dan. 1776. Retzius, Dissert. 1788. Lamk. Phil. Zool. 1809; Hist. vi. 243, ed. 2. vii. 319. Loven, Ind. Moll. Skand. 29. Leach, Zool. Miscell. i. 76, 1814. Schum. Ess. 133. Féruss. Tab. Syst. 1821. Rang, Man. 1829. Gray, Lond. Med. Repos. xv. 1821; Syn. B. M. 1840; 1842, 92; Proe. Zool. Soc. 1847, 202. Menke, Syn. 1828 & 1830. Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. ii. 349. Anomia, part. (animal), Linn. 1768, Syst. Nat. Lampades, part., Gevers, 1787. Lampas, Humph. 1797, Mus. Calon. (not Schwm.). Gryphus, Mihlfeldt, 1811, Berlin Mag. 64. Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. 1848, i. p. 438 (see above, p. 8). Epithynis, Phillips, 1844, Pal. Foss. p. 55. Smooth Terebratule (with a truncated beak), Morton, 1712, History of Northampton. Terebratula (restricted), Fischer, 1809, Foss. Nouv. Moscou. Smooth Terebratulz, Sowerby, 1815, Min. Con. p. 189. Terebratulz non-plicate, Buch, 1834, iiber Terebrateln. Punctate Terebratule, Morris, 1841, Min. Con. Suppl. No. 108, AE 4 Carpenter, 1844, Report Brit. Assoc. p. 18. Epithyride, Morris, 1846, Geol. Soc. Journ. p. 382. Terebratula and Terebratulina, D’Orb. Paléont. Franc. Criopus and Criopoderma, Poli, Test. Sicil. Trigonosemus, Kenig, Icon. Sect. iv. 1825. Terebratularius, Dumer. Zool. Anal. 168, 1806. Apleurotis, Megorima, Trigonina, Diclisma, Obovites, Terebra- tula, Rafin. Anal. Terebratula A*, Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. lui. 145, 1828. BRACHIOPODA,. 17 1. TEREBRATULA. Shell:—Valves convex, foramen complete ; loop short and simple (fig. 3). Terebratule with short loops, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 364; Mon. Cret. p. 45. Epithyris (elongata), Kreg, 1849, Permian Fossils, 81, 146 (not Phillips). Terebratule Jugate repande, part., Buch, 1834, iiber Terebra- teln. Terebratule carinate sinuate, part., Buch, 1. c. 1834, Terebratulz biplicate, Quenst. 1851, Handb. p. 471. Gryphus (vitrea), Megerle, Berl. Mag. 1811, 64. Fig. 3. Terebratula vitrea. A. B. A. Dorsal valve, showing the small loop. B. Dorsal valve with the animal ; the esophagus passes through the opening of the loop. 1. TEREBRATULA VITREA. B.M. Shell rounded-ovate, slightly truncated in front, ventricose, smooth, translucent, milky, or pale horn-colour ; valves nearly equal; margins even; beak short, recurved; foramen small, complete ; deltidium nearly concealed ; loop simple, one-fourth the length of the shell. Lon. 17, lat. 14, alt. 11 lines. Anomia terebratula, Linn. S. N. 1153. Gmelin, 8S. N. 3344. Da Costa, Elém, 292. t. 6. f. 3. Anomia vitrea, Born. Mus. 119. Vig. 116. Gmelin, S. N. 3347. Terebratula vitrea, Lamk. Syst. A. s. V.139,1801; E. M.t. 239. f.1; Hist. vi. 245, ed. 2. vii. 329. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 353. t. 70. f£. 56-59. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. 95, t. 6. £. 65 ii. 66, 18 BRACHIOPODA. Kuster, Conch. vii. 21. t. 2. f. 11-13; t. 1. f. 13. 14. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 364. Terebratula (a) sub-vitrea (Leach), Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. liii. 135. 1828. : Terebratula euthyra, Phil. 1844, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 68. t. 18. f.82 Gryphus vitreus, Megerle, Berl. Mag. 1811, 64. Habitat. Mediterranean, in 90 to 250 fathoms, on nullipore mud (Forbes). Fossil. Pliocene. Sicily. 2. TEREBRATULA SPHENOIDEA. Shell triangularly-ovate, truncated in front, smooth; margins even, obscurely bisimuated in front; dorsal valve convex near the umbo, depressed in front ; beak prominent, scarcely curved, foramen moderate, round; deltidium conspicuous ; loop short, simple. Lon. 12, lat. 10, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula sphenoidea, Phil. 1844, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 67. t. 18. f. 6. Bronn, Index, p. 1251. Fossil. Pliocene. Sicily. 3. TEREBRATULA SEPTATA. Shell oval, subquadrate, ventricose, smooth; valves gibbous, rather truncated in front, sides nearly parallel ; dorsal valve with the front margin rather bent downwards, beak prominent, thick ; foramen moderate, round; deltidium solid. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula septata, Phil. 1844, Moll. Sicil. ii. p- 68. t. 18. f. 7. Bronn, Index, p. 1250. Fossil. Pliocene. Sicily. 42 TEREBRATULA UVA. Shell narrowly-oblong, gibbous, smooth, slightly translucent, pale horn-colour ; margins even; beak produced, truncated; foramen large, deltidium small, concave ; loop short ?. Lon. 13, lat. 7, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula uva, Brod. 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. 124. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 353. t. 70. f. 53-55. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, ix. p. 364. Hab. Gulf of Tehuantepec (Mus. Cuming). 5. TEREBRATULA GRANDIS. B.M. Shell oval, ventricose, smooth, becoming very thick with age ; front margin obscurely biplicate; beak produced, slightly re- curved, lateral ridges indistinct ; foramen large and round; del- BRACHIOPODA. 19 tidium narrow, concave, incomplete in the fry ; loop simple, one- third as long as the dorsal valve. Lon. 4,5, lat. 3, alt. 2 inches (extreme size). Terebratula grandis, Blum. 1803, Arch. Tell. t. 1. £.4; Encycl. Meéth. p. 239. f. 2. Bronn, Index, p. 1237. Phil. Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 67. Dunker, Paleont. p. 129, t. 18. f. 4. Terebratulites giganteus, Schl. 1813, Leonhard’s Min. Tasch. 7. p- 104; Petref. p. 278. no. 48. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p, 222 (not figured). Terebratula spondylodes, Smith, 1817, Strat. Syst. p. 12. Terebratula birostris, Val. 1819, in Lam. Hist. Nat.; Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 23. Terebratula variabilis, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 148. t. 576. f, 2-5. Galeotti, Mem. Geol. Brabant, p. 151. Nyst, Coq. Foss. Anvers, p. 15. no. 37. Terebratula perforans, Dujardin, 1837, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. p. 272. Terebratula maxima, Charlesworth, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 92. f. 13, 14. Terebratula Sowerbii, Nyst, 1843, Coq. Belg. p. 335. pl. 27. f. 3. Fossil. Miocene. England; Belgium; France. 6. 2?TeEREBRATULA AMPULLA. B.M. Shell roundish, inflated, smooth ; margins obscurely plaited in front. Lon. 24, lat. 18 lines. Anomia ampulla, Brocch. 1814, Conch. ii. 466. t. 10. f. 5. Terebratula ampulla, Desh. E. M. iu. 1027. Buch, Mon. Tereb. 111. n. 4. Val. in Lamk. Hist. vii. 336. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850. Terebratula Pedemontana, Valenciennes, in Lam. Hist. no. 34. See Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 14. f. 34. Terebratula complanata, Brocchi, Conch. il. p. 469. t. 10. f. 6?. Fossil. Miocene. Turin; Malta. 7. TEREBRATULA BISINUATA. B.M. Shell oval, rather depressed, smooth, fragile; margins bipli- cate in front; beak produced, nearly straight; foramen large, circular; deltidia small, united. Lon. 22, lat. 19 lines. Terebratula bisinuata, Valenc. 1819, in Lamk. Hist. vin. 339. Desh. Foss. Paris, i. t. 65. f. 1,2; E. M. iii. 1025. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. pl. 13.f. 32; Mon. Ter. Brach. p- 19. pl. 1. f. 17. 20 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula gigantea, var., Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p- 222. pl. 20. f. 3 (not Schi.). Terebratula succinea, Desh. 1824, i. p.390. pl. 65. f. 3 (young). Terebratula grandis, Bronn, Index, p. 1237 (not Blum.). Fossil. Eocene. France; England. 8. TEREBRATULA MoNTOLEARENSIS. Shell oval, depressed and bi-sinuated in front, smooth ; beak moderately prominent, slightly recurved ; foramen moderate, cir- cular; deltidium triangular. Lon. 11-13, lat. 8-11, alt. 5— lines. Terebratula Montolearensis, Leymer. 1846, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, t. 1. p. 362. pl. 15. f. 13, 14. Fossil. Eocene. France. 9. TEREBRATULA ZQUILATERALIS. Shell smooth, equilaterally triangular, rounded in front ; ven- tral valve gibbous; beak large, curved, truncated by a round foramen; margins even. Lon. 238, lat. 28 lines. Terebratula equilateralis, D’ Arch. 1846, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 2nd ser. ii. p. 214. pl. 9. f. 7. Fossil. Eocene. France. 10. TEREBRATULA TRILOBATA. B.M. * Shell oval, smooth, subantiquated, somewhat sinuated in front; beak produced, recurved; foramen apical, minute.” Lon. , lat. 10, alt. _ lines. Burtin, 1784, Oryct. Bruz. pl. 8. f. L. N. P. Terebratula trilobata, Galeotti, 1837, Mem. Geog. Brabant. t. 12. p- 150. pl. 4. f. 16 (imperfect). Terebratula levis, Nyst, 1843, Belg. p. 334. D’ Orb. Prod. iu. p. 395. Terebratula Kickxii (Galeotti), Bronn, Index, p. 1240, Terebratula papilio, Kénig, 1825, Icones Foss. Sectiles, f. 220 (imperfect ; no description). Fossil. Eocene. Belgium. 11.2 TEREBRATULA KIcKXII. “ Sheil oval, attenuated in front, inflated, smooth, ornamented with fine, regular, concentric lines of growth; margins even ; beak short, recurved, with a very minute apical foramen.” Lon. and lat. 44 lines. BRACHIOPODA, 21 Terebratula Kickxii, (Galeotti) Nyst, 1843, Belg. p- 335, pl. 29.f.4. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 395. Fossil. Eocene. Belgium. 12. TeREBRATULA WILMINGTONENSIS. Shell oblong, smooth; margins nearly even; beak produced, nearly straight, truncated "y a moderately large foramen; delti- dium rather long. Lon. 10, lat. 7 lines. Terebratula Wilmingtonensis, G. Sow. 1845, Proc. Geol. Soc. 1845, p. 565. Fossil. Hocene. N. Carolina. 13. TEREBRATULA CARNEA. B.M. Shell depressed, smooth, obtusely five-sided, front edge short ; valves equally convex, slightly flattened along the middle, often of a dull red colour; margins even; beak small; foramen mi- nute. Lon. 14, lat. 14, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula carnea, Sow. 1813, Min. Con. i. p. 47. pl. 15.f.5, 6. D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. t. 513. f.5-8; Prod. ii. p. 258. Quenstedt, Handb. p. 473. t. 38. f. 2. Pusch, Polen. Pal. p. 18. t. 3. f. 12?. Alth, Geog. Lemberg (in Haidinger’s Abhandl. 1850), p. 258. t.. 13. f. 8. Terebratula lens, Nilsson, Petref. Suec. p. 35. pl. 4. f. 6. Dalman, Vet. Acad. p. 146. 8. Terebratula elongata, Sow. 1823, M. C.v. p. 49. t. 435. f.1, 2. Terebratula ovata, Nilsson, Petr. Suec. p. 33. t. 4. f. 3 (not Sow.). Dalman, Vet. Acad. p. 145. Remer, Kreid. p. 44. Terebratula minor, Nilsson, Petr. 1827, p. 34. t. 4. f. 4. Remer, Kreid. p. 44. Terebratula plebeia, Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 145.t. 4. f. 4. Fossil. Upper Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Russia ; Sweden. 14. TEREBRATULA RHOMBOIDALIS. Shell rhomboidal, smooth, marked with a few concentric lines ; margins sinuated in front; dorsal valve gibbose, depressed at the sides ; ventral valve curved, flattened along the centre, and slightly depressed in front; beak short, curved; foramen mode- rate, round; deltidium distinct. Lon. 13, lat. 93, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula rhomboidalis, Nilsson, 1827, Petr. Suec.p.34.t.4. f.5. Daiman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 146. 29 BRACHIOPODA. ? Terebratula collinaria, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 81. t. 507. f. 6-10. Fossil. U. Greensand. Sweden. 2? Neocomian. France. 15. TEREBRATULA BECKSII. B.M. Shell obovate, smooth, laterally compressed towards the beak ; margins even; dorsal valve strongly curved, gibbous near the umbo, depressed and flattened in front; ventral valve rather straight ; beak short and thick, not recurved; foramen mode- rate, round ; deltidium solid, coneaye. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula Becksii, Remer, 1840, Nord. Kreid. p. 44. t.7.f.14. Bronn, Index, p. 1229. Fossil. Chalk (Pliner). Ahaus, Westphalia. 16. TEREBRATULA SQUAMOSA. B.M. Shell orbicular, or oval; valves nearly equally convex, marked with squamose lines of growth and fine radiating punctate strie ; margins even, or slightly bismuated ; beak short, recurved ; fora- men round; deltidium solid. Long. 7, lat. 6, alt. 53 lines. Terebratula squamosa, Mantell, 1822, Geol. Suss. p. 132. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 254. pl. 18. f. 8. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Bronn, Index, p. 1251. Terebratula Robertoni, Viquesneli, Murchisoni et Leveillei ?, D’ Arch. 1847, Mém. Géol. Soc. France, 11. pt. 2. Fossil. U. Greensand, Chalk-marl, England. 17. TEREBRATULA FITTONI. Shell small, oval, ventricose, smooth, biplicate in front, orna- mented with squamose lines of growth; valves equally convex ; beak recurved; foramen large, round. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 33 lines. Terebratula Fittoni, Hag. 1842, Neues Jahrb. p. 542. t. 9. f. 6. Bronn, Index, p. 1236. Fossil. Chalk. Riigen. 18. TEREBRATULA CAPILLATA. B.M. Shell oval, or somewhat pentangular, front margin slightly waved; dorsal valve slightly convex; ventral valve deep; beak short, rounded and recurved, truncated by a large circular fora- men; deltidium incomplete; surface ornamented with minute, radiating, wavy striz, decussated by a few lines of growth. Lon. 13, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines. BRACHIOPODA. 23 Terebratula capillata, D’ Arch. 1846, Bull. Soc. Géol, Fr. 2nd ser. iii. p. 336 ; Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 2nd ser. ii. p. 323, pl. 20. f. 1-3. Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 46. pl. 5. f. 12. Terebratula linearis, Minster, in Cambridge Museum. Spondylus undulatus, Geinitz ! (according to Koninck). Fossil. Red Chalk (Gault). Norfolk. Tourtia (Greensand). 'Tournay, Belgium. 19. TeEREBRATULA LONGIROSTRIS. B.M. Shell ovate-oblong, smooth, with long, straight and thick beak ; foramen very large, round; deltidium elongated, solid; front margin slightly bisinuated. Lon. 28-39, lat. 14-22, alt. 11-18 lines. Anomites longirostris, Wahl. 1821, N. Actu Upsal. viii. p. 61. t. 4. #15, 16: Terebratula longirostris, Nilsson, Petr. Suec. p. 33. pl. 4. f. 1. Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 144. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258. Trigonosemus rustica, Kénig, 1825, Icones Foss. Sect. p. 4. f. 75. Fossil. Chalk. Sweden. 20. TEREBRATULA DEPRESSA. B.M. Shell smooth, oblong, transversely dilated, contracted towards the beak, obtuse in front ; beak produced, straight, thick, trun- cated by a large foramen; deltidium large and solid. Lon. 24, lat. 19 lines. Terebratula depressa, Val. in Lam. 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Davidson, 1850, Ann. Nat. Hist. June, pl. 13. f. 15. Terebratula longirostris?, Ramer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. iu. p. 21. t715:.f...15. Bronn, Index Paleont. 1241. Remer, Kreid. p. 42. Terebratula Nerviensis, D’ Archiac, 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p- 313. pl. 17. f. 2-10. Terebratula Viquesneli, D’ Archiac, pl. 18. Terebratula ovalis, Morris, Journ. Geol. Soc. 1846, p. 384. f. 1 (not Lamk.). Fossil. U. Greensand? (Tourtia). Belgium. 21. TEREBRATULA BIPLICATA. B.M. Shell oblong, smooth, gibbose ; margins bisinuated in front ; valves convex, marked with lines of growth and obscurely striated 24 BRACHIOPODA. at the sides; beak thick, rounded, recurved; foramen rather large, round; deltidium solid, inconspicuous ; loop simple, short. Lon. 13, lat. 10, alt. 8 lines. Anomia biplicata, Brocchi, 1814, Conch. Foss.ii. p. 419. pl. 10. f. 8, Terebratula biplicata, Sow. 1815, Min. Con. i. p. 201. t. 90. Defrance, 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. 53. p. 151 ?. Terebratula Dutempliana, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. p. 93. pl. 511. f. 4-8. Fossil. U. Greensand, Chalk. Tuscany; England; France. 22. TEREBRATULA OBTUSA. B.M. Shell oval, smooth, rather depressed, bisinuated in front; lmes of growth becoming strong towards the margin; dorsal valve much Hattened, smuated only on the front of adult specimens ; ventral valve with a thick, recurved beak; foramen large and ~ round ; deltidium nearly concealed. Lon. 18, lat. 16, alt. 10 lines. Terebratula obtusa, Sow. 1823 (and T. biplicata, part.), Min.Con. v. p. 53. t. 437. f. 2-4. Terebratula curvirostris, Nilsson, 1827, Petref. Suec. p. 33. t. 4. f, 2: Dalman, Vet. Acad. p. 144. Remer, Kreid. p. 42. Fossil. U. Greensand (“ Gault”). Cambridge ; Sweden. Red Chalk (Gault). Hunstanton. 23. TEREBRATULA TORNACENSIS. B.M. Shell smooth, inflated, somewhat pentagonal, rounded at the sides, truncated in front; margins strongly bismuated in front ; beak produced, slightly curved, rounded, thick, truncated by a large foramen ; deltidium large and solid. Lon. 17, lat. 14, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula Tornacensis, D’ Arch. 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p. 316. pl. 18. f. 3-5. Terebratula Bouei, crassa, crassificata, rustica, Boubei, et Tchia- tcheffei et Gravesi ?, D’ Arch. id. Terebratula phaseolina, Val. in Lam. Hist. no. 29?. See Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pl. 13. f. 29. Terebratula subundata, Remer, Kreid. 1843, p. 42. t. 7. f. 15? (not Sow.). Fossil. Greensand (Tourtia). Belgium. 24, TEREBRATULA RolssyI. B.M. Shell subcircular, smooth, bisinuated in front; beak small, rounded, recurved ; deltidium distinct ; foramen moderate. Lon. 10, lat. 10, alt. 5 lines. : i BRACHIOPODA. 25 Terebratula Roissyi, D’ Arch. 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p. 321. pl. 19. f. 4. Terebratula Virleti, Id. f. 6. Terebratula revoluta, Id. f. 3. Terebratula subpectoralis, Id. f. 9. Terebratula gussignisensis, Id. f. 10. _ Fossil. Greensand (Tourtia). Belgium. _ 25. 2? TEREBRATULA LENTOIDEA. Shell suborbicular, depressed, smooth ; margins even, slightly raised in front; dorsal valve round, slightly convex ; beak small, strongly curved, laterally keeled ; foramen small. Lon. 73, lat. 7, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula lentoidea, Leym. 1842, Mém. Géol. v. p. 12. t. 15. ie 10. Reuss, Bohm. Kreid. p. 53. pl. 26. f. 13. Terebratula lentiformis, Leym. Mém. Géol. iv. p. 321. - Fossil. Greensand. France. 26. TEREBRATULA PARVA. Shell small, oval, inflated, smooth, with three rounded plaits in front ; beak large, recurved, truncated by a large round fora- men; deltidium short. Lon. 34, lat. 3, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula parva, D’ Arch. 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p. 322. pl. 19. f. 7. D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Terebratula parvula, D’Arch. id. pl. 19. f. 8. Fossil. U. Greensand. Belgium. 27. TEREBRATULA SEMIGLOBOSA. B.M. Shell nearly circular, gibbous, smooth ; ventral valve deepest, and uniformly gibbous ; front margin undulated, with two risings in the dorsal valve; beak thick, obtuse; foramen moderate. Lon. 15, lat. 13, alt. 11 limes. Terebratula semiglobosa, Sow.1813, Min. Con.1. p. 48. pl. 15.f.9. Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 145. D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. 514. f. 1-4. Reuss, Verst. Bohm. p. 51. pl. 26. f. 6-8. Terebratula subrotunda, Sow. 1813 (part.), Min. Con. pl. 15. f..1. Reuss, p. 50. pl. 41. f. 2. Terebratula subundata, Sow. 1813, Min. Con. i. p. 47. pl. 15. f. 7. Reuss, p. 50. t. 41. f. 7. Terebratula carnea, Reuss, p. 50. f. 9-11 (not Sow.). Fossil. Chalk. England; Belgium; France. C 26 BRACHIOPODA. 28. ? TEREBRATULA INCISA. Shell oval, longer than wide; dorsal valve convex near the umbo, with a shallow sinus in front; beak recurved; foramen minute ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 1-14 inch. Terebratula incisa (Miinster), Schlotheim, Cat. p. 75. n. 71. Buch, 1834, Terebrat.p.95; Meém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iu. p. 204. Bronn, Index, p. 1238. Pusch, Polens Pal. t. 3. f. 16, p. 19 ?. Fossil. Chalk. Poland; Faroé. 29. TEREBRATULA OBESA. B.M. Shell oblong, ventricose, smooth ; front margin with a wide and shallow central depression and two angular lateral depres- sions; sides obscurely striated; beak short and thick, incurved, truncated by a large round foramen ; deltidium concealed; loop short and simple. Lon. 23, lat. 2, alt. 14 inch. Terebratula obesa, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 54. t. 438. f. 1. Brown, Illust. Conch. pl. 54. f. 28, 29. D’ Orb. Ter. Cré. iv. p. 101. pl. 513. f. 1-4. Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 33. pl. 5. f. 13-16. Fossil. U. Chalk, U. Greensand. England; France. 30. TEREBRATULA SULCIFERA. B.M, Shell oval, inflated, smooth, ornamented with numerous im- bricating lines of growth in regular series from the umbones to the margin; valves nearly equally ventricose ; margins smuous, elevated in front ; beak short, very thick, rounded and recurved ; foramen large and round; deltidium concealed. Lon. 22, lat. 16, alt. 16 lines. Terebratula sulcifera, Morris § Dav. 1847, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, p- 254. pl. 18. f. 7. D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Terebratula ovoides, Remer, 1843, Kreid. p. 42 (not Sow.). Alth, Geog. Lemberg (in Haid. Abhandl. 1850), p. 258. tildes Geinitz, Petref. 1850, t. 8. f. 5. Fossil. Chalk-Marl. England; Germany. 31. TEREBRATULA ALBENSIS. B.M. Shell oval, inflated, smooth, with obscure lines of growth, be- coming more distinct towards the margin; margins flexuous, the front straight, wide, angularly elevated; dorsal valve convex, cir- cular in young specimens; ventral valve gibbose; beak thick, rounded, recurved; foramen moderate, round; deltidium con- cealed. Lon. 19, lat. 14, alt. 12 lines. BRACHIOPODA. 27 Terebratula albensis, Leym. 1841, Mém. Géol. iv. 288, 289; v. Il, 29. ¢. 15. f. 2-4. Terebratula bulla, J. Sow. 1850, Dixon’s Geol. Sussex, p. 346. Leesa ke Wile Tersbeatul semiglobosa, var. y, Bronn, Index, p. 1250. Reuss, Verst. Bohm, Kreid. p. 51. pl. 26. f. 5. Fossil. Lower Chalk. Sussex; Rouen. ' 32. TeEREBRATULA HARLANI. B.M. Shell oval, elongated, thick, smooth, with concentric lines of growth; dorsal valve moderately convex, raised and flat in the centre, depressed at the sides; margins even, slightly elevated in front ; ventral valve deep; beak thick, recurved, slightly keeled at the sides; foramen very large; deltidium nearly concealed. Lon. 26, lat. 16, alt. 15 lines. (Lon. 36 lines, Morton.) Terebratula Harlani, Morton, 1829, Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. p- 73. pl. 3. f. 1; 1834, Syn. Cret. p. 70. pl. 3. f. 1. Terebratula Camilla, Morton, Syn. Cret. pl. 9. f. 8, 9. Terebratula perovalis ?, Morton, 1829, Journ. Philad. p: 77. pl. 3. f. 7, 8 (not Sow.). Fossil. Chalk. New Jersey, U.S, 33. TEREBRATULA FRAGILIS. Shell elongated, oval, thin, fragile, smooth, strongly biplicated in front; dorsal valve with two longitudinal ridges almost its whole length; ventral valve with a prominent central ridge, and corresponding lateral depressions. Lon. 21, lat. 12 lines. Terebratula fragilis, Morton, 1829, Journ. Acad. Philad. p. 75. pl. 3. f. 3,4; 1834, Syn. Cret. p. 70. pl. 3. f. 2 (not Schl.). Terebratula subfragilis, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. Fossil. Chalk. New Jersey, U.S. 34. ? TEREBRATULA TOUCASIANA. Shell like T. semiglobosa, but always more depressed, most prominent at the front margin. Terebratula Toucasiana, D’ Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. Fossil. Chalk. France. 35. 2? TeEREBRATULA VENDOCINENSIS. Shell small, globular, round, smooth ; front margins sinuated ; dorsal valve scarcely convex. Terebratula Vendocinensis, D’ Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. Fossil. Chalk. France. C2 28 BRACHIOPODA. 36. TEREBRATULA PR&LONGA. B.M. Shell ovate, much elongated, gibbose ; front slightly elevated, with a depression in its middle; beak prominent, large; surface smooth. Lon. 14, lat. 7 limes. (Lon. 18, lat. 12, alt. 9 lines, Morris.) Terebratula prelonga, J. Sow. 1836, Geol. Trans. iv. 2. p. 339. pl. 14. f. 14. Fossil. Neocomian. England; France; Germany ; Switzerland. 37. TEREBRATULA ACUTA. B.M. Shell oblong, elongated, somewhat pentagonal, sharply bipli- cate, depressed at the sides, smooth; margins even, strongly bi- simuated in front; beak prominent, scarcely curved; foramen rather large; deltidium elongated. Lon. 14, lat. 11, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula biplicata-acuta, Buch, 1843, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iii. p- 220. Terebratula prelonga, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 74. t. 506. f. 1-4. Terebratula acuta, Quenst. 1851, Handb. p. 473. t. 38. f. 2. Fossil. Neocomian. France; Switzerland. 38. TEREBRATULA SELLA. B.M. Shell subquadrangular, smooth; front considerably elevated, narrow, sharply bisinuated; sides depressed; beak slightly re- curved ; foramen moderate, round ; deltidium rather large, solid. Lon. 15, lat. 13, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula Sella, Sow. M. C. 1823, v. p. 53. t. 437. f. 1. D’Orb. Ter. Cré.iv. t. 510. f. 6-12. Remer, Kreid. 1843, p. 43. t. 7. f. 17. Terebratula Roemeri, D’ Archiac, Mém. Géol. Soc. Fr. ii. Terebratula undulata, Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 20. t. 4. f. 4. Kner, Kreid. Lemberg (in Haid. Abhandl. 1850), p. 32. Fossil. Neocomian, Gault, U. Greensand. England; France. 39. TEREBRATULA MOUTONIANA. B.M. Shell ovate, depressed, smooth, finely striated concentrically ; dorsal valve rather flat, slightly raised in the centre in front; ventral valve convex ; beak recurved; foramen rather large; -deltidium partly concealed. Lon. 20, lat. 13, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula Moutoniana, D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 89. t. 510. f. 1-5; Prod. 2. p. 108. Terebratula perovalis, Ramer, 1839 (not Sow.), Ool. t. 2. f. 3; Kreid. p. 42. Fossil. Neocomian. France; Germany. BRACHIOPODA. 29 40, TeREBRATULA CARTERONIANA, Shell roundly angulated, ventricose, smooth ; margins bisinu- ated; beak contracted, slightly curved; foramen small, round ; deltidium inconspicuous; dorsal valve with two small, elevated folds in front. or 13, lat. 12, alt. 11 lines. Terebratula Carteroniana, D’ Orb. Ter. Crét.iv.p.80.t.507.f. 1-5; Prod. 2. p. 85. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 41. TeEREBRATULA ARABILIS. Shell suborbicular, depressed, concentrically ploughed with numerous regular shallow furrows; front margins obscurely bi- sinuated ; beak recurved, truncated by a large foramen. Lon. 16, lat. 14, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula arabilis, Forbes, 1846, Trans. Geol. Soc. vii. pt. 3. p- 138. pl. Set, 12: D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258. Fossil. Chalk. S$. India. 42, TeREBRATULA INCA. B.M. Shell orbicular, depressed, smooth; lines of growth very ob- scure, except near the margin; valves nearly equally convex, slightly bisinuated in front; beak short, recurved, obscurely keeled at the sides; foramen large and circular ; deltidium wide and short. Lon. 21, lat. 204, alt. 12 lines. Terebratula Inca, Forbes, 1846, in Darwin’s Geol. S. Amer. p. 268. pl. 5. f. 19, 20. Fossil. Cretaceous limestone. Iquique, Peru. 43, TEREBRATULA LONGA. B.M. Shell elongated, elliptical, smooth; margins even, slightly elevated in front ; dorsal valve depressed, pointed at the umbo, slightly truncated in front ; ventral valve convex ; beak produced, eurved, keeled; foramen rather large; deltidium distinct, solid. Lon. 16, lat. 9, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula longa, Zieten, 1830, Petr. p. 52. pl. 39. f. 7. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 344. Terebratula biplicata, Bronn, Index, p. 1241 (not Sow.). Terebratula lagenalis, Braun (not Schi.). Fossil. Coral Rag. Wurtemberg; Bavaria; Switzerland. 44, TEREBRATULA INSIGNIS. B.M. Shell oval, smooth; front margin angularly raised; dorsal valve much flattened from the umbo to the front margin ; beak 30 BRACHIOPODA. produced, recurved; foramen large; deltidium distinct, in one piece; loop simple, short. Lon. 20, lat. 15, alt. 1] limes. (Max. lon, 3, lat. 2. unc.) Be. insignis (Schtbler), Zieten, 1830, Verst. Wiirt. p. 53. 1.40: £. 1. : D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 376. Quenstedt, Fléz. Wiirt. p. 484. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 47. pl. 13. f. 1. Quenst. Handb. p. 472. t. 38. f. 1. Terebratula perovalis, Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France. Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 22. t. 4. f. 5, 7, 8 (not Sow.). Terebratula biplicata, Bronn, Indez, ii. p. 1239 (not Sow.). Fossil. Coralline Oolite, Oxford Clay. England; France ; Ger- many. 45. TEREBRATULA BISUFFARCINATA. B.M. Shell oval, smooth ; margins bisinuated in front; dorsal valve convex, depressed at the sides ; beak thick, rounded and recurved. Lon. 22, lat. 16, alt. 12 lines. Terebratulites bisuffarcinatus, Schl. 1820, Petr. no. 50. p. 279; Enc. Méth. t. 239. f. 3. Terebratula bisuffaremata, Zieten, Verst. Wiirt. p. 53. pl. 40. f. 3. Terebratulites bicanaliculatus, Sch/. 1813, Min. Tasch. p. 104 (name only); 1820, Petref. p. 278. no. 49? Terebratula bicanaliculata, Zieten, p. 54. pl. 40. f. 5? D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 344 (excl. synonyms). Terebratula ovalis, Val. 1819, in Lam. Hist. An. sans Vert.2 Dav. Ann, Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 16. Fossil. White Jura (Coral Rag). Germany; France; Italy ; India ? 46. ? TEREBRATULA REPELINIANA. Shell oblong; beak of the larger valve much produced. Terebratula Repeliniana, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. iu. p. 25. Fossil. Coral Rag. France. 47, 2? TEREBRATULA SUBSELLA. B.M. Shell like T. perovalis, but broader, and more deeply plaited. Terebratula subsella, Leymerie, 1846, Stat. de l’ Aube, pl. 10.f. 5. Fossil. Kim. Clay and Coral Rag. France. 48. 2? TEREBRATULA EQUESTRIS. Shell like T. subsella, but with the larger valve produced m front, forming a single, prominent, obtuse angle. BRACHIOPODA. 31 Terebratula equestris, D’Orb, 1850, Prod. ii. p. 24. Fossil. Coral Rag. France. 49. ?TeREBRATULA BAUGIERI. Shell small, the size of a pea, oval, very globular, obtuse and rounded in front, larger valve with two projections, not forming points.” Terebratula Baugieri, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. 50. ? TeREBRATULA GARANTIANA, “Like T. biplicata, but with the two plaits close together ; it is also broader, and wants the radiating striz.” Terebratula Garantiana, D’Orb. Prod. i. 1850, p. 287. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 51. 2? TeEREBRATULA DESCHAMPSII. * Shell like T. biplicata, but with the middle plait so deep as to form a notch (sillon) in the front of the larger valve.” Terebratula Deschampsii, D’Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 287. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 52. ? TEREBRATULA ERINA. “ Like T. biplicata, but shorter, more ventricose, the anterior fold narrower.” Terebratula Erina, D’Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 240. Fossil. Lias. Normandy. 53. 2? TEREBRATULA MACEANA. Shell small, globular, round, furnished with a deep sinus in the small valve to receive the projection of the other. Terebratula Maceana, D’ Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 221. Fossil. Lias. France. 54. 2? TEREBRATULA ORBICULATA. Shell orbicular, smooth ; dorsal valve rather flat ; ventral valve convex; beak short, thick ; foramen large and round; deltidium double, distinct. Lon. 12, lat. 12, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula orbiculata, Remer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 52. t. 2. f. 6. Fossil. Coral Rag. Saxony. 32 BRACHIOPODA. 55. TEREBRATULA VENTRICOSA. Shell oval, ventricose, depressed at the sides ; valves ornamented with fine radiating striz, crossed by obscure lines of growth ; margins even, raised, but not sinuated in front; beak recurved ; foramen small. Lon. 25, lat. 19, alt. 13 lines. Terebratula ventricosa (Hartmann), Zieten, 1830, p. 53. pl. 40. f. 2 (not Gmelin). Terebratula subventricosa, D’Orb. Prod. p. 287. Terebratula perovalis, Remer, Nordd. Od). toate Ae Sow.). Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Germany; France. 56. TEREBRATULA INTERMEDIA. B.M. Shell oval, smooth ; front with a central and two lateral indi- stinct depressions ; beak short, rounded, recurved ; foramen rather large; deltidium nearly concealed; loop simple, short. Lon. 23, lat. 18, alt. 13 lines. Terebratula intermedia, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. i. p. 48. t. 15. f£.8 Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 1-5. Quenstedt, 1851, Handb. p. 472. t. 37. p. 50 (not of Buch and Mantel). Terebratula biplicata, Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 21. t. 4. f. 12. Fossil. Cornbrash. England; France. 57. TEREBRATULA MAXILLATA. B.M. Shell subquadrangular, smooth; valves strongly folded in front; dorsal valve broad and short, moderately convex, with one central and two lateral depressions, increasing in depth with age ; beak produced, recurved, with obtuse lateral ridges; foramen large, oblique; deltidium obtusely triangular ; loop simple, one- third as long as the shell. Lon. 32, lat. 34, alt. 18 lines. Terebratula minor subrubra, Lihwyd, Lith. Brit. Ichn. 1699, pl. 11. f. 890. Terebratula maxillata, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. p. 52. pl. 436. f. 4. Morris § Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, pl. 19. f. 5. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 50. pl. 9. f. 1-9. Terebratula biplicata, Bronn, Index (not Sow.). Terebratula tetragona, Pusch, 1837, Polens Pal. p. 23.t. 4. f.92. 8. Terebratula submaxillata (Morris), Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 51. pl. 9. f. 10-12. Fossil. Great Oolite. England; France. (8.) Inf. Oolite. Eng- land. * BRACHIOPODA. 33 58. TEREBRATULA GLOBATA. B.M. Shell oval, ventricose, smooth ; front with a central and two lateral depressions ; beak rounded, recurved ; foramen moderate, round ; deltidium concealed, small; loop simple, short. Lon. 13, lat. 11, alt. 10 lines. 8. Longer and less globular. Cotteswolde Hills. Terebratula globata, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. p. 51. pl. 436. f. 1. Davidson, Mon, Ool. p. 54. pl. 13. f. 2-7. Terebratula Kleinii, Morris, Desh., D’ Orb., Bronn (not Lamarck). Terebratula biplicata, Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 21. t. 4. f. 3?. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. S.of England; France. 59. TEREBRATULA PHILLIPSII. B.M. Shell oblong, elongated, tapering towards the beak, smooth ; front strongly biplicate; beak produced; foramen moderate, round; deltidium large and distinct. Lon. 28, lat. 20, alt. 13 lines. Terebratula Phillipsii, Morris, 1847, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 255. pl. 18. f. 9 'D’Orb. Prod. i. p- 287. _ Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 53. pl. 11. f. 6-8. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; France. 60. TEREBRATULA PEROVALIS. B.M. Shell oval, elongated, smooth ; front margin with a central and two lateral depressions, or with a nearly straight central elevation and angular lateral depressions ; beak large, rounded, with indi- stinct lateral ridges; foramen large, entire; deltidium generally concealed; loop simple, short. Lon. 33, lat. 28, alt. 23 lines (large specimen). Terebratula perovalis, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 51. t. 436. f. 2, 3. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, ui. p. 221. pl. 20. f. 2. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 51. pl. 10. f. 1-6. Quenst. Handb. p. 471. t. 37. f. 49-51. Terebratula ovoidea (of Collectors). Terebratula Kleiii, Valenciennes ?, 1819. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; France. 61. TBREBRATULA KLEINII. Shell oval, depressed, with two blunt projecting angles in front; smooth, or with only fine lines of growth; margins bisinuated in front; beak large and thick, recurved, strongly keeled at the sides; foramen large and round; deltidium nearly concealed. Lon. 30, lat. 26 lines. C5 34 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula Kleinii, Val. in Lam. 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. p. 252. no. 33 (not of Morris’ Cat.). Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, June, pl. 13. f. 33. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 62. TEREBRATULA HOMALOGASTER. B.M. Sheil subcircular, depressed, smooth, with strong lines of growth near the margin ; front margin slightly raised ; dorsal valve nearly flat, circular; ventral valve convex; beak very thick, recurved, obscurely keeled ; foramen very large; deltidium solid. Lon. 18, lat. 16, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula omalogaster (Hehl.), Zieten, 1830, p. 54. pl. 40. f. 4 (deformed ?, D’Ord.). Terebratula perovalis, Bronn, Index, p. 1243. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Germany. 63. TEREBRATULA SIMPLEX. B.M. Shell roundish, smooth ; margins even; dorsal valve flattish, a little concave in front; larger valve ventricose ; beak rounded, recurved ; foramen large and round ; deltidium nearly concealed. Lon. 2.455 lat. 25) alt. 1s inches. Terebratula triangularis maxima, Lihwyd, 1699, Lath. Brit. ed. 2. is 2D. f. 370. Terebratula simplex, Buckman, Geol. Chelt. pl. 7. f. 5. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 48. pl. 8. f. 1, 3. Terebratula lata, D’Orb. (not Sow.). Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England. 64. TEREBRATULA OVOIDES. B.M. Shell oval, smooth, ventricose ; margins even ; beak promiment, slightly keeled; foramen large and round; deltidium distinct, double. Lon. 2, lat. 142, alt. 44 inches. Terebratula ovoides, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. 1. p. 227. t. 100. Young & Bird, Geol. Yorks. pl. 8. f. 12. Lam. ed. Desh. vi. p. 361. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 48. pl. 8. f. 4-9. Terebratula lata, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. 1. p. 227.t. 100. Terebratula trilmeata, Young & Bird, Geol. Yorks. 1828, pl. 8. f. 17 (internal cast). Fossil. Lias, Inferior Oolite. England. 65? TEREBRATULA BUCKMANII. B.M. Shell elongated, oval; valves smooth, convex; beak small, lateral ridges indistinct; foramen round, large; deltidium con- BRACHIOPODA. 35 cealed; front margin a little raised. Lon. 18, lat. 11, alt. § lines. Terebratula Buckmanii, Dav. Mon. Ool. i. p. 44. pl. 7.f. 15, 16. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Cheltenham. 66. TEREBRATULA PUNCTATA. BM. Shell oval, depressed, smooth; small valve rather flat; front margin a little raised; beak small, slightly recurved, with evanes- cent ridges ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double ; loop simple, short, nearly half as long as the dorsal valve. Lon. 16, lat. 12, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula punctata, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. i. p. 46. t. 15. f. 4. Morris, Catal. 136. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 45. pl. 6. f. 1-6. Fossil. Lias. England. 67. ? TEREBRATULA SUBPUNCTATA. B.M. Sheil smooth, oval, ventricose ; margin slightly raised in front ; beak rounded, recurved, with lateral ridges soon becoming imdi- stinct; foramen rather large ; deltidium concealed ; loop a little more than one-third the length of the shell. Lon. 28, lat. 20, alt. 17 lines. Terebratula subpunctata, Dav. Mon. Ool. p. 46. pl. 6. f. 7-10. Fossil. Lias. Somerset; France. 68. 2? TEREBRATULA INDENTATA. B.M. Shell elliptical, smooth ; front margin sometimes notched when adult ; valves nearly equally convex ; beak recurved, lateral ridges soon lost; foramen entire; loop simple, short. Lon. 14, lat. 10, alt. 9 lines (largest specimen). Terebratula indentata, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 65. t. 445. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 46. pl. 5. f. 25, 26. Terebratula digona, D’Orb. Prod. p. 315 (part.), not Sow. Terebratula punctata, var. (Waterhouse, in Brit. Mus.). Fossil. Lias. England. 69. TEREBRATULA EUGENII. Shell oval, obtuse in front, tapermg to the beak ; smooth, with obscure radiating lines at the sides; dorsal valve ventricose, especially near the umbo; ventral valve curved, flattened and furrowed in the middle; beak long and pointed; foramen mi- ae deltidium elongated, double. Lon. 16, lat, 11, alt. 8 es. / BRACHIOFODA,. Terebratula Eugenii (Buch), Davidson, 1849, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. vii. p. 74. pl. 1. f. 16-20. Fossil. Lias. Normandy. 70. TEREBRATULA MARSUPIALIS. Shell oblong, smooth, with obscure lines of growth; dorsal valve convex, depressed at the sides; ventral valve depressed ; beak small, recurved, keeled ; foramen minute. Lon. 12, lat. 8, alt. 6 lines. Terebratulites marsupialis, Sch/. 1820, Petr. p. 282?, Ene. Meth. PANE: 3.2. Terebratula marsupialis, Zieten, 1830, Wiirt. p. 53. pl. 39. f. 9. D? Orb. Prod.1. p. 221. Terebratula lagenalis, Bronn, Index, p. 1241 (not Schi.). Fossil. Lias.. France; Wurtemberg. Coral Rag?. Bavaria. 71. TEREBRATULA BULLATA. B.M. Sheil oblong, inflated, smooth; margins obscurely bisinuated in front; valves nearly equally gibbose; beak much inflated, closely recurved, keeled ; foramen small; deltidium concealed ; loop short, simple. Lon. 15, lat. 12, alt. 12 lines. Terebratula bullata, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 49. t. 435. f. 4. Lam. ed. Desh. vii. p. 362. Buch, Mém. Soc. Geol. Fr. ii. p. 195. pl. 18. f. 8. Zieten, Verst. Wiirt. t. 40. f. 6. Deslong. 1837, Soc. Lin. Normandie. Morris, Cat. p. 132. Bronn, Index, p. 1231 (excl. syn.). Terebratula spheroidalis, var., Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 56. pl. 11. f. 10, 14-19. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. S. of England; Germany; France. 72. ?TEREBRATULA GALLIENNEI. Like T. bullata, but more oval; beak less curved ; larger valve advanced at two distant points, without much projecting. Terebratula Galliennei, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. 73. TEREBRATULA SPH#ROIDALIS. B.M. Shell subcircular, ventricose, smooth; margins even, in the young shell, usually crenulated in old specimens, especially in front; borders obtuse, or flattened; beak rounded, curved; fora- ~ a ee ee a eS Sa —_—T oe ee Oe Se BRACHIOPODA. yh men moderate ; deltidium triangular, concave ; loop short, simple. Lon. 13, lat. 12, alt. 10 lines. Terebratula spheroidalis, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. vy. p. 49. t. 435. f. 3 Deslong. 1837, Soc. Lin. Normand. Morris, Cat. p. 136. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 287. Dav. Mon. Ool. p. 56. pl. 11. f. 9, 11, 12, 13. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; France; Germany. 74. TEREBRATULA FIMBRIA. B.M. Shell orbicular, smooth when young; margins more or less plaited when adult; plications rounded, numerous, often sub- divided ; beak short, recurved, nearly concealing the deltidium ; foramen large and round ; loop simple, short. Lon. 20, lat. 18, alt. 13 lines. Terebratula fimbria, Sow. 1823, Min. Con. iv. p. 27. t.326. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 61. pl. 12. f. 6-12. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Gloucestershire; France (Sarthe). 75. TEREBRATULA PLICATA. B.M. Shell elongated, oval, smooth when young ; margins more or less plaited when adult ; plaits short, simple, rounded ; umbo of dorsal valve gibbose ; larger valve with a short, scarcely recurved beak; foramen round; deltidium small; loop short, simple. Lon. 33, lat. 22, alt. 17 lines. Terebratula plicata, Buckman, 1345, Geol. Chelt. pl. 7. f. 6. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 60. pl. 12. f. 1-5 (not Lam.). Terebratula subplicatella, D’Orb. 1849, Prod. i. p. 287. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; France. 76. TEREBRATULA SUBORBICULARIS. B.M. Shell oval, inflated, smooth at the umbones, rather sharply plaited round the border; beak laterally compressed, thick, curved, truncated by a rather large foramen. Lon. 8, lat. 6, alt. 44 lines. Terebratula suborbicularis, Miins¢. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 56. pl. 6. f. 4. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula semiplicata, Klipstein, 1844, Beitr. p.214. pl. 15. f. 3. Rhynchonella! semiplicata, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 203. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 38 BRACHIOPODA. 77. TEREBRATULA FLABELLUM, B.M. Shell transversely oval, deeply plaited; plaits 7-9, simple, rounded, imbricated by lines of growth; beak produced, foramen round; deltidium obtusely triangular, double; loop short, simple?. Lon. 5-6, lat. 5-8, alt. 3-4 lines. Terebratula flabellum, Defr. 1828, Dict. Se. Nat. lui. p. 160. Morris & Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 256. pl. 19. f. 2. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 316. Dav. Mon. Ool. p. 62. pl. 12. f. 19-21. Terebratula palmetta, Deslongchamps, 1837, Soc. Lin. Nor- mandie. Bronn, Index, p. 1244. Terebratula septemcostata, Minster, MS. Fossil. Bath Oolite (Bradford Clay). England; France. 78. TEREBRATULA MOREANA. Shell trigonally ovate, depressed, smooth; margins sharply sinuated ; beak prominent, laterally keeled ; foramen moderate, round; deltidium small, triangular; dorsal valve with a sharp central elevated fold and two obscure lateral ridges. Lon. 13, lat. 11, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula Moreana, D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 79. t. 506. f. 13-16 ; Prod. u. p. 58. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 79. TEREBRATULA BENTLEYI. B.M. Shell somewhat pentagonal, smooth ; dorsal valve rather flat, truncated or indented in front, with a central and two lateral elevations ; ventral valve deep, with beak prominent, recurved and keeled; foramen moderate; deltidium double, distinct. Lon. 16, lat. 18, alt. 11 mull. Terebratula Bentleyi (Morris), Davidson, Mon. Ool. 1851, p. 58. pl. 13. f. 9-11. B. Sterere sub-Bentleyi, Dav. Mon. Ool. 1851, p. 59. pl. 13. SWE Fossil. Cornbrash. Rushden, Northamptonshire (Griesbach). Inferior Oolite. (8.) Minchinhampton (Lycett); Ger- many (Brit. Mus.). 80. TEREBRATULA SUBCANALIS. Shell oval, somewhat pentagonal, smooth ; dorsal valve flat, with two diverging furrows; ventral valve convex, with a deep SE ee Sa Be BRACHIOPODA. 39 central furrow; beak recurved, thick, rounded ; foramen mode- rate. Lon. and lat. 6, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula subcanalis, Miinster, in Cambridge Museum. Fossil. Oxford Clay. Bavaria. 81. TeREBRATULA COARCTATA. B.M. Shell somewhat pentagonal, ornamented with radiating spinu- lose stria, decussated by numerous lines of growth; dorsal valve curved, with an angular median ridge and more or less distinct lateral furrows ; front straight or indented ; ventral valve deep, with a prominent beak ; foramen moderate, round; deltidium distinct ; loop short, simple. Lon. 12, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula coarctata, Park. 1811, Org. Rem. iii. pl. 16. f. 5. Sow. 1823, Min. Con. iv. p. 7. t. 312. f. 1-4. Bronn, Indez, ii. p. 1232. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 316. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 59. pl. 12. f. 12-15. Quenst. Handb., p. 465. t. 37. f. 21. Terebratula reticulata, Smith, 1816, Org. Foss. p. 83. pl. 30. f. 10, Sow. 1823, Min. Con. t. 312. f. 5-6 (et decussata). Deslong. Soc. L. Norm. Quenst. Handb. p. 464. t. 37. f. 20. Terebratula decussata, Val. in Lam. 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. no. 51; Enc. Méth. t. 245. f. 4. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 14. f. 51. Terebratula reticularis, Schloth. Petref. i. p. 269. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, Dp. 185, pl.17., £. 7 Fossil. Bath Oolite (Bradford Clay). England ; France. 82. ? TEREBRATULA RICHARDIANA. Like T. reticulata, but much narrower, more elongated, and more strongly reticulated. Terebratula Richardiana, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. 83. TeREBRATULA MoRIEREI. Shell pentagonal, deeply indented in front ; valves ornamented with concentric, imbricated ridges, both deeply furrowed in the middle; beak rather short, recurved, laterally keeled ; foramen moderate, round ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 9, lat. 8, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula Morierei (Deslongchamps, MS.), Dawidson, April 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. pl. 14. f. 3. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Normandy. 40 BRACHIOPODA. 84. TEREBRATULA ANTIPLECTA. Shell obovate, ventricose, smooth; margin strongly sinuated in front; dorsal valve convex, with two front and two lateral de- pressions ; ventral valve with three depressions in front; beak not prominent ; foramen minute; deltidium double, triangular. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula antiplecta, Buch, 1834, Ueber Ter. 80. t. 2. f. 39; Mem. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1838-39, t. 111. p. 187, pl. 17. f. 8. Bronn, Index, p. 1229. Quenst. 1851, Handb. p. 465. Fossil. Jura (Alpenkalk?). Near Salzburg, Tyrol. 85. TEREBRATULA INVERSA. B.M. Shell pentagonal, deeply folded, smooth; margins strongly 3-plaited ; dorsal valve flat near the umbo, with two deep angular furrows in front; ventral valve with a central and two lateral depressions ; beak small. Lon. & lat. 6, alt. 33 lines. Terebratula inversa, Quenstedt, 1851, Handb. p. 465. t. 37. f. 22. Fossil. Trias (Alpenkalk). Hallstadt. 86. TEREBRATULA REFLEXA. Shell small, subpentagonal, tumid, smooth ; dorsal valve much depressed in front, with a small longitudinal ridge in the middle ; ventral valve with two longitudinal rounded ridges divided by a small central furrow, sides depressed ; beak small, curved ; aper- ture minute; area very wide. Lon. 4, lat. 4, alt. 25 lines. Terebratula reflexa, Koninck, 1844, Descr. p. 298. pl. 20. f. 4. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 151. Fossil. Carb. Belgium. 87 2 TEREBRATULA NUCLEATA. B.M. Shell subcircular, smooth, with a deep, wounded sinus in the centre of the dorsal valve in front; ventral valve with a slight dorsal ridge; beak very prominent, inflated, recurved ; foramen moderate; deltidium concealed; loop very small. Lon. 8, lat. 8, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula nucleata, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 281. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ui. pl. 20. f. 10. Zieten, 1830, Petref. p. 63. pl. 39. f. 10. Quenst. Handb. p. 469. t. 37. f. 40-45. Fossil. Coral Rag. Germany; France. BRACHIOPODA. 4) 88. TEREBRATULA TRIQUETRA, B.M. Shell triangular, smooth, depressed, truncated in front, the angles produced and rounded ; sides nearly straight ; beak obtuse, recurved, keeled; foramen moderate, round; deltidium nearly concealed. Lon. 17, lat. in front 18 lines. Terebratula pileus, (Brug.) E. M. t. 241. f. 1. a, 6, ¢. Bronn, Index, p. 1245. Terebratula triquetra, Parkinson, 1811, Org. Rem. iii. pl. 16.f. 8. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 344. Dav. Ann, Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 21. Terebratula triangulus, Val. 1819, in Lam. An. s. Vert. no. 21. Terebratula mutica, Catullo, 1830, Geogn. Zool. xxii. t. 2. f. 4. Fossil. Kelloway Rock?. France (Gigondas). 89. TeEREBRATULA DIPHYA. B.M. Shell smooth, triangular, depressed, gibbose at the margins ; when young two-lobed, the lobes coalescing in the adult, leaving a roundish opening (about 3 lines in diameter) through the cen- tre of both valves ; from this opening a sharp furrow passes to the front margin of each valve; margins even; sides slightly hol- lowed; front indented in the middle; angles rounded; beak rounded and recurved; foramen moderate, round; loop ?. Lon. 19, lat. 20, alt. 9 lines. Concha diphya, F. Colonna, 1606, Ecphras. Stirp. 36. 49. Terebratula diphya, Buch, Ueber Terebrateln, p. 88. t. 1. f. 12; Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p. 196. pl. 18. f. 9. Pusch, Polens Pal. 15. t. 3. f. 13. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 20. Quenst. Handb. p. 470. t. 37. f. 46. Terebratula deltoidea, Valenciennes, 1819, in Lam. Hist. Nat. Brug. Enc. Méth. 1797, t. ii. pl. 240. f. 4. Terebratula triquetra, Parkinson (part.), Org. Rem. iii. 229. t. 16. Terebratula antinomia, Catullo, 1827, Cat. Zool. 169. t. 5; Geogn. Zool. t. 2. f. 3. Terebratula Duvallii, Newman, 1844, Zoologist, p. 679 (figures). Pygope diphya (Link), King, 1840, Permian Fossils, pp. 81, 144. Fossil. Kelloway Rock?. France. 90. TEREBRATULA DIPHYOIDES. B.M. Shell smooth, depressed, expanded, triangular, perforated in the middle; valves unequal, the ventral most convex; beak short, with two dorsal ridges ; foramen moderate, round. Lon. 2, lat. 25, alt. 11 lines. 42 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula diphyoides, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 87. t. 509 ; Prod. ii. p. 108. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 91. TEREBRATULA 2? QUADRIPLECTA *. B.M- Shell pentagonal, with four prominent rounded ribs to each valve; mbs sometimes blending or becoming obsolete; margins strongly sinuated; dorsal valve prominent in the centre, de- pressed at the sides, with two subcentral and two remote lateral ribs, occasionally a small fifth rib in the mesial furrow, interior furnished with a prominent cardinal process having a dental pit on each side; ventral valve with two distinct or blended sub- central and two lateral ribs; beak small, laterally compressed, curved, truncated by a minute apical foramen; area small, flat, triangular, bounded by prominent beak-ridges; deltidium an- gular, sunk. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 33 lines. Terebratula quadriplecta, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. Petref. iv. p. 58. pl. 6. f. 9, 10. Terebratula quadricostata, Braun, 1841, Id. pl. 9. f. 5. Terebratula contraplecta, Braun, 1841, Id. pl. 9. f. 2?. Rhynchonella quadriplecta et contraplecta, D’Orb. 1849, Prod. i. p. 203 (erroneous). Spirigera quadricostata, D’ Orb. Id. p,. 204. Fossil. Trias, St. Cassian, Tyrol. 92. TEREBRATULA 2 TRICOSTATA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, depressed, trilobed, smooth; dorsal valve with a prominent middle lobe bounded by shallow furrows; ven- tral valve with a deep central and obscure lateral furrow; beak small, acute ; foramen minute. Lon. 3, lat. 3, alt. 14 line. Terebratula tricostata, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 57. pl. 6. f. 7. Terebratula triplecta, Klipstein, MS. Spirigera tricostata, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 93. TEREBRATULA 2 BIPARTITA. B.M. Shell oval, smooth, depressed, with a longitudinal furrow in the centre of each valve ; front slightly truncated, sides depressed ; beak small, prominent, truncated by a small round foramen. Lon. 7, lat. 5 lines (Minster). * Most of the Triassic and Paleozoic Terebratule were probably furnished with internal spires, and belong to the genera Athyris, M‘Coy, and Retzia, King. (Woodward, MS.) BRACHIOPODA. 43 Terebratula bipartita, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 60. pl. 6. f. 11. Terebratula subbipartita, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula Waterhousii, Klipstein, MS. (not Dav.). Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 94. TEREBRATULA ? BRONNII. B.M. Shell small, broadly ovate, tumid, depressed at the sides, smooth, with a broad mesial fold, and three obscure lateral folds on each side; margins undulated; beak prominent, rounded, recurved, _ with indications of an internal median septum. Lon. 44, lat. 4, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula Bronnii, KJipst. 1845, Beitr. p. 215. pl. 15. f. 13. Terebratula Cassiana, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 95. TEREBRATULA ? WISMANNI. B.M. Shell suborbicular, depressed, smooth ; front margins slightly elevated; beak inconspicuous, truncated by a small foramen. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 24 lines. Terebratula Wismanni, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 64. pl. 6. f. 18. D?’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula Buchii, KJipst. 1844, Beitr. p. 218. pl. 15. f. 2. Terebratula salinaria, D’ Orb. 1849, Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 96. TEREBRATULA ? SUBCURVATA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, trilobed, smooth ; dorsal valve with a pro- minent mesial ridge and depressed sides; ventral valve with a longitudinal furrow, much depressed in front ; beak small, pro- minent, truncated by a small foramen. Lon. and lat. 34, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula subcurvata, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 63. pl. 6. f. 17. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula Buchii, var., Klipstein. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 97. TEREBRATULA 2? MUNSTERII. B.M. Shell oval, depressed, smooth, with numerous lines of growth near the margin ; dorsal valve slightly trilobed, prominent in the centre, depressed at the sides; beak thick, rounded, recurved, truncated by a rather large foramen. Lon. 10, lat. 9 lines. Terebratula Miinsterii, D’Orb, Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula vulgaris, Miinst. Beitr. iv. p. 61. pl. 6. f. 12 (not Schl.). 44 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratulites complanatus, Schl.1816, Denksch. Akad. Miinch. p- 27. t. 7. f. 12-14? (not Brocchi). Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 98. TEREBRATULA ? HQUALIS. B.M. Shell orbicular, smooth ; valves equally and regularly convex ; margins even; beak thick, prominent, rounded, recurved ; fora- men moderate, round. Lon. 7, lat. 63, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula equalis, Klipst. Beitr. 1844, p. 223. pl. 15. f. 7. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 99. TEREBRATULA 2? HEMISPH#ROIDICA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, depressed, truncated in front, widest near the hinge-line, smooth, with obscure lines of growth near the margin; dorsal valve convex near the umbo, depressed at the sides ; margins even ; beak small, prominent, truncated by a small foramen ; indications of a long internal septum in the ventral valve. Lon. 4, lat. 44, alt. 23 lines. Terebratula hemispheroidica, Klipst. 1844, Beitr. p. 222. pl. 15. £10. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 100. TeEREBRATULA? HASTINGSIA&. B.M. Shell small, oblong, ventricose, smooth; front margin very slightly elevated; beak small, prominent, recurved, rounded, truncated by a minute foramen. Lon. 4, lat. 3, alt. 23 lines. Terebratula Hastingsie, Klipst. MS. Fossil. Trias. St. Cassian. 101. TEREBRATULA ? PENTAGONALIS. Sheil small, oblong, ventricose, smooth ; ventral valve slightly sinuated in front; beak small, recurved. Terebratula pentagonalis, Klipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 220. pl. 15. f. 12, enlarged (not Phil.=T. caput-serpentis !). Terebratula subpentagonalis, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula Hastingsie, Klipst. MS. ? Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 102. TEREBRATULA ELONGATA. B.M. Shell oblong, depressed, smooth, rather contracted and trun- cated in front; dorsal valve flattened longitudinally, much de- BRACHTIOPODA. 45 pressed at the sides ; ventral valve with a shallow longitudinal sinus ; beak prominent, slightly curved ; foramen moderate, com- plete, round ; loop short and simple. Lon. 13, lat. 9, alt. 6 lines. Terebratulites elongatus, Sch/. 1816, Denkschriften Akad. Miinch. vi. p. 27. pl. 7. F 7-9. Terebratula elongata, King, Permian Foss. p. 147. pl. 6. f. 30-45. Geinitz, Zech. p. 4. By 4. f. 27-36. Vern. Russ. p. 66. pl. 9. £. 9. Mist. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 62. pl. 6. f. 142. Buch,1834, Ueber Terebrateln, p. 100 ; 1838, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iii. p. 211. pl. 19. f. 10. Terebratula plica, Kutorga, 1842, Id. pl. 5. f. 11. Terebratula canidea, Geinitz, 1846, Grundriss, p. 507. Terebratula subelongata, D’Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 168. Fossil. Permian. Germany; England; Russia. Devonian. Boulonnais (Bouchard). ‘ 103. TEREBRATULA QUALENII. Shell elongated, depressed, widest in the middle, contracted at each end, smooth’; dorsal valve with an elevated central ridge, sides depressed ; ventral valve sinuated in front ; beak promi- nent, rounded, recurved ; foramen small. Lon. 10, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Qualenii (Fisch.), Kutorga, 1842, Verh. Kaiserl. Petersb. p. 26. pl. 6. f. 2. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 168. Fossil. Permian. Russia. / 104. TeEREBRATULA SUFFLATA. B.M. Shell broadly ovate, obtuse or slightly indented in front, de- pressed, smooth; valves moderately convex; margins even, sinuated in front ; ventral valve with a medial sinus ; beak short, rounded, recurved; foramen moderate. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 43 lines. Terebratula sufflata, Schl. 1816, Akad. Miinch. vi. p. 27. pl. 7. f. 10,11; Mem. Acad. Baviere, 1817, pl. 7. f. 10. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, ii. p. 213. pl. 19. f. 12 bis. Murch. Geol. Russ. i. p. 222. Minster, Beitr. iv. p. 63. pl. 6. f. 15 ?. King, Permian Fossils, p. 149. pl. 7. f. 1-9. Terebratula inflata, Schl. Petref. p. 617. Buch, Ueber Terebrateln, p. 102. Terebratula subsufflata, D’Orb. 1849, Prod. i. p. 204 ?. Fossil. Permian. Germany; England; Russia. Trias?. Tyrol. 46 BRACHIOPODA. 105. TEREBRATULA SACCULUS. B.M. Shell oblong, with a straight or emarginate front, which is sometimes elevated, and almost always defined by two broad, obtuse ridges, proceeding a short distance on the shell, on each side of a mesial broad shallow groove ; beak promiment, incurved. Anomites sacculus, Martin, 1809, Petref. t. 46. f. 1, 2. Terebratula sacculus, Koninck, Descr. p. 293. pl. 20. f. 3. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 151. Fossil. Carb. Britain; Belgium; Russia. 106. TEREBRATULA HASTATA. B.M. Shell elliptical, subrhomboidal, rather depressed ; front trun- cated and indented ; edges sharp; beak thick, slightly recurved ; foramen small; loop short, simple. Lon. 19, lat. 15, alt. 11 lines. » Terebratula hastata, Sow. 1824, Min. Con. v. p. 66, t. 446. f. 2, 3. Phil. Geol. Yorks. ii. pl. 12. f. 1; Pal. Foss. p. 91. pl. 35. f. 168 ?. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 48. Fossil. Carb. Britain; Belgium. 107. TEREBRATULA FUSIFORMIS. Shell smooth, much elongated, fusiform, inflated, contracted at each end; valves equally convex ; margins even ; beak pointed, recurved; foramen small, apical ?; deltidium distinct?. Lon. 10, lat. 53, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula fusiformis, Vern. 1845, Russ. p. 65. pl. 9. f. 8. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 151. Fossil. Carb. Russia. J08. TEREBRATULA ? LACRYMA, Shell subglobose, smooth, oblong ; front straight, or slightly waved, scarcely raised except at the edge, which is deeply si- nuated by the projection of the inferior valve, the central furrow of which is broad, flat, and bounded by two sharpish ridges ; beak not prominent. Lon. 5, lat. 43, alt. 4 lines. Atrypa lacryma, Sow. Geol. Trans. 2nd ser. vy. pl. 56. f. 9. Fossil. Devonian. England. 109. TEREBRATULA? JUVENIS. B.M. “ Shell broad ovate, depressed, smooth, contracted toward the front ; larger valve remarkably incurved at the minute, laterally angulated beak. In full-grown specimens the side margins are BRACHIOPODA. 47 undulated, and the front is rather depressed in the middle.” Lon. 7, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula juvenis, Sowerby, Geol. Trans. 2nd ser. y. pl. 56. f. 8. Phil. 1841, Pal. Foss. pl. 35. f. 165. D’ Orb. Prod, i. p. 100. Fossil. Devonian. Britain. 110. TeREBRATULA VIRGO. Shell ovato-lanceolate, uniformly convex; beak prominent ; front margin contracted, nearly straight ; surface beautifully re- ticulated, and marked by a few faint, longitudinal stria. Lon. 8, lat. 54 lines. Terebratula virgo, Phil. Pal. Foss. p. 91. pl. 35. f. 167. Fossil. Devonian. England. 111. TeEREBRATULA CAIQUA. Shell much elongated, elliptical; valves equally ventricose, smooth, or with a few striz of growth ; beak inflated, much re- eurved, and touching the other valve; foramen round, mode- rate; deltidium concealed ; front straight. Lon. 2.5,, lat. 154, alt. 1,5, une. Terebratula caiqua, Vern. § Arch. 1842, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser. veel OD heals Orb. Prod. i. p. 100. Terebratula amygdalina, Goldf. Bonn. Mus. Fossil. Devonian. Paffrath, Prussia. 112. TeREBRATULA BorDINI. Shell subpentagonal, smooth, very finely punctate; edges sharp; margins even; ventral valve rather more convex than the dorsal; beak recurved, its summit perforated by a small round foramen ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Bordini, Vern. 1850, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. t. 7. p. 36. pl. 1£.8. Fossil. Devonian. Spain. 113. TEREBRATULA SCHULZII. Shell much elongated, smooth; borders sharp; front margins quite even; ventral valve most convex; beak acute, perforated by a small foramen, below which is an elongated deltidium. Lon. 9, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula Schulzii, Vern. 1850, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. vii. p. 37. pl... £27; Fossil. Devonian. Spain. 48 BRACHIOPODA. 114. TEREBRATULA ARCHIACI. Shell subcircular, depressed, smooth; edges sharp; margins even ; ventral valve rather more convex than dorsal ; beak slightly curved; foramen apical, minute; deltidium triangular; imterior of dorsal valve with a cardinal process, dental pits, and elongated adductor impressions. Lon. 26, lat. 25, alt. 93 lines. Terebratula Archiaci, Verneuil, 1850, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. t. vii. p40: pl. 2: f. 2. Fossil. Devonian. Asturias. 115. TEREBRATULA HAIMEANA. Shell circular, depressed, smooth, with obscure lines of growth; valves nearly equally convex; margins even; beak obtuse, late- rally keeled, recurved, truncated by a small round foramen ; del- tidium nearly concealed, solid. Lon. 28, lat. 30, alt. 16 lines. Terebratula Haimeana, Dav. April 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist.pl.14.f.1. Fossil. Devonian. Prussia. 2. TEREBRATULINA. Shell finely striated; valve auriculate ; beak straight ; delti- dium usually rudimentary; foramen incomplete; loop short, rendered annular by the union of the oral processes (fig. 4). Terebratulz striate, Morris, 1846, Journ. Geol. Soc. p. 385. Terebratulina (caput-serpentis), D’ Orb. 1848, Ann. Sc. Nat. viii. 67. Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 365; Mon. Cret. p. 34. Terebratulz annuliferze, Quenstedt, 1851, Handbuch, p. 462. Terebratulina caput-serpentis. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. et »S [YP Fig. 4.—Dorsal valve of a young specimen in which the oral processes are not yet completely developed. Fig. 5.—Shell with the animal; the intestine is seen projecting above the oral aperture and fringe. The esophagus passes through the annular part of the loop. BRACHIOPODA. 49 1. TEREBRATULINA CAPUT-SERPENTIS. B.M. Shell ovate, subpentagonal, tapering at the beak, slightly trun- cated in front, whitish, ornamented with fine, bifureating, granu- lated ribs; beak nearly straight ; foramen rather large, mcom- plete, oblique ; deltidia rudimentary, disunited; valves eared ; oop short, one-third the length of the shell, not reflected, oral processes united. Lon. 12, lat. 10 lines. Anomia caput-serpentis, Linn. 1767, Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 1153. Born, Mus. 119. t. 6. f. 13. Chemnitz, viii. 103. t. 78. f. 712; xi. 248. t. 203. f. 2013, 2014. Gmelin, S. N. 3344. Dillw. Index Test. pl. 2. f. 22. Poli, Test. Sicil. ii. 192. t. 30. f. 15 y. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. 94. t. 6. f. 5; ii. 66. Terebratulina Caput serpentis, D’Orb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1848, viii. Gert, s. f. 658; 17. Terebratulina cornea, D’Orb. 1848, Ann. Sci. Nat. viii. t.7. f. 9, 0 Anomia pubescens, L, Syst. Nat. 1152; Gmelin, S. N. 3344. Dillw. R. S. 293. Schroter, Einl. Conch. iui. p. 397. pl. 9. f. 10. Terebratula pubescens, Retz. N. Gen. 15 ? Miiller, Z. Dan. Prod. 249. no. 3007. Terebratula, Lamk. E. M.t.241.f. 2; “t.246. f. 7, opt.” Lamk. Griindler, 1774, Naturforscher, p. 84. t. 111, animal. Anomia retusa, L. Syst. N. 12. p. 1151; Fauna Suecica, ed. 2. pol. : Dillw. Recent Shells, i. p. 292. Terebratula caput-serpentis, Lamk. Hist. vi. 247; ed. Desh. vii. aoe Sow. Gen. f. 2; Thes. Conch. vii. 343. t. 68. f. 1-4; t. 72. f. 116. muster, Conch, €. va. 22. t. 1: £.-15,, 16 st. 2) al G97. Blainv. D. S. N. li. 139. Phil. Moll. Sicil. i. p. 94. pl. 6. f. 4, 5. Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. pl. 56. f. 1-4. Delthyris spatula, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. 96. Anomia aurita, Linn. S. N. 11512 Gmelin, 3342. Terebratula aurita, Fleming, Phil. Zool. 11. p. 498. pl. 4. f. 5; Brit. An. p. 369. Terebratula costata, Lowe, Zool. Journ. ii. 105. t. 5. f. 8, 9. Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. 351. Terebratula striata, Leach, Brit. Moll. t. 13. f. 1, 2. D 50 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula Gervillu, S. Wood, Mag. Nat. Hist. v. p. 253. Hab. N. Britain; Norway; Mediterranean. At 10-50 fathoms. Fossil. Miocene. Gibraltar (Jas. Smith, F.R.S.); Turia. Pliocene. Suffolk (S. V. Wood). 2. TEREBRATULINA SEPTENTRIONALIS. Shell ovate, whitish, radiately costellated with very slender,, bifureating, roughish ribs ; beak obtuse ; foramen large, incom-. plete; deltidia rudimentary; loop two-fifths the length of the shell, anelliform. Lon. 9, lat. 7, alt. —_ lines. Terebratula septentrionalis, Couthouy. G. B. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. 344. t. 57. £. 5, 6. Hab. Massachusetts. 3. TEREBRATULINA JAPONICA. Sheil oblong, thin, whitish, radiately striated ; stra numerous, bifureating; sides rather flattened near the hinge; beak trun- cated by a moderate, incomplete, very oblique foramen ; deltidrum obsolete ; loop small, anelliform. Lon. 13, lat. 9 lmes. Tevebratula Japonica, G. B. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. 344. t. 68. oe itn Adams & Reeve, Zool. Samarang, p. 71. pl. 21. f. 1? Hab. Japan. (Mus. Cuming.) 4. TEREBRATULINA ANGUSTA. Shell elongate-oval, slightly compressed, pellucid white, closely and very finely costellated longitudinally; mbs rough; beak truncated ; valves nearly equal, slightly furrowed in the middle ; front margin a little sinuated. Lon. 11, lat. 7 lies. Terebratula angusta, Adams 8 Reeve, 1850, Zool. Samarang. p- “1: pl. 21. £2. : Terebratulina caput-serpentis, var. ? Hab. Seas of Japan. 5. TEREBRATULINA CANCELLATA. Shell ovate-oblong, ventricose, brownish ; strize very slender, close-set, decussated by fine lines of growth ; dorsal valve rather flat; ventral valve convex ; foramen large, complete ; deltidia large, united ; loop short. Lon. 10, lat. 7, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula cancellata, Koch. Kuster, Conch. C. vii. t. 2 b. f. 11, 12, 18. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 358. t. 71. f. 93. Hab. 2 (Mus. Cuming.) BRACHIOPODA. 5] 6. TEREBRATULINA ABYSSICOLA. > Shell oval-elongated, tapering to the beak and a little trun- eated in front, pale flesh-colour, radiated with obscure, bifurca- ting stri ; beak produced; foramen moderate, entire; dorsal valve with a slight central depression. Lon. 8, lat. 7 lines. Terebratula abyssicola, Adams & Reeve, 1850, Zool. Samarang, p..72. pl. 21. f. 5 Terebratulina aby ssicola, Dav. May 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366. Hab. Cape of Good Hope ; at 120 fathoms. 7. TEREBRATULINA CUMINGII. Shell minute, somewhat pentagonal, ¢ gibbous, yellowish white, ornamented with very numerous, minute, elevated, radiating and intercalating strie; valves with very small ears; beak small, obliquely truncated by a round, incomplete foramen ; deltidia separate ; margins slightly sinuated in front; loop anelliform. Lon. 33, lat. ee alt. 2 lines. Terebratulina Cumingii, Dav. May 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366 ; Proc. Zool. Soc.p. .pl._ .f. 17-19. Hab. Chinese Seas. (Mus. Cuming.) 8. TEREBRATULINA STRIATULA. B.M. Shell oval, slightly produced at the beak, depressed, minutely striated ; striz unequal, bifureating and intercalating, 80-90 at the margin; margin slightly flexuous; beak tr uncated by a mo- derate, incomplete foramen ; deltidia small; auricles indistinct. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula striatula, Sow. 1829 (in part., not T. striatula, Mant.), Min. Con. vi. p. 69. t. 536. f. 5 (not 3, 4). Terebratulina striatula, Dav. Mon. Tertiary y Brach, p. 14. pl. 1. f. 16. Fossil. Eocene. England. 9, TEREBRATULINA TENUISTRIATA. Shell small, oval, depressed, ornamented with radiating, gra- nulated stria; beak prominent, acute; foramen small, entire; deltidium double, complete. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula tenuistriata, Leym. 1846, Mén. Soc. Géol. France, i. p. 363. pl. 15. f. 11. D’ Arch. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 2nd ser. t. ii. p. 214. pl. 7. £5 JA: Terebratula Defrancii, Leym. id. pl. 15. f. 12 (not Brongn.). Fossil. Eocene. France. D2 52 BRACHIOPODA. 10. TEREBRATULINA LACRYMA. Shell tear-shaped; valves convex, marked with delicate longi- tudinal striz ; beak elongated; foramen large. Lon. 6, lat. 4 lines. Terebratula lacryma, Morton, 1834, Syn. Cret. group, p. (2 Pleo. f6, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 396. Fossil. Eocene. Alabama, U.S. 11. TEREBRATULINA ? VENEI. Shell oval, gibbous, ornamented with concentric lines of growth and radiately striated; striz not numerous, regular, seldom bi- fureating ; valves nearly equally convex ; beak prominent, curved ; foramen small, round; deltidium conspicuous, double. Lon. 6%, lat. 44, alt. 3% lines. Terebratula Venei, Leym. 1846, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, t. 1. p- 362. pl. 15. f. 10. Fossil. Eocene. France. | 12. TEREBRATULINA MULTISTRIATA. Shell ovate, subpentagonal, depressed; ornamented with ra- diating striz crossed by numerous lines of growth ; margins even, slightly arched in front ; dorsal valve rather flat, depressed at the sides ; ventral valve convex ; beak large and thick, recurved, truncated by a large round foramen ; deltidium triangular, solid. Lon. 26, lat. 20, alt. 12 lines. Terebratula multistriata, Dunker, 1847, Beitr. p. 128. t. 18. f. 1-3. Fossil. Tertiary. Ravensberg. 13. TEREBRATULINA STRIATA. B.M. Shell tear-shaped, slender, slightly truncated or notched in front, ornamented with bifurcating, granulated striz ; beak short and tapering, ears distinct, foramen moderate, deltidia disunited. Lon. 11, lat. 8, alt. 43 lines (Brit. sp.). Anomites striata, Wahl. 1821, Petr. Suec. Nov. Act. R. S. Upsal. viii. p. 61 (not of Brocchi, 1814). Terebratulina striata, D’ Orb. Ter. Cré. iv. p. 65. pl. 504. f. 9-17. Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 35. pl. 2. f. 18-28. Terebratula striatula, Mantell, 1822, Geol. Suss. pl. 25. f.7, 8, 12. Phil. Geol. Yorks. i. pl. 2. f. 28. Sow. Min. Con. vi. p. 69. pl. 336. f. 3, 4. Buch, Mén. Soc. Géol. France, | ser. iii. p. 164. pl. 16. {Ss BRACHIOPODA. 53 Desh. Lam, ed, 2. vii. p. 360. Geinitz, Petr. Kreid. pi. 16. f. 12. D’ Orb. in Murch, Russia, ii. p. 463. pl. 43. f. 18-20. Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pl. 26. f. 2. Dixon, Geol. Sussex, pl. 27. f. 21. Remer, Kreid. p. 40. Terebratula Defrancii, Brongn. 1822, Env. Paris, p. 383. pl. 3. Pos Nilsson, Petr. Suec. p. 35. pl. 4. f. 7. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, p. 165. pl. 16. f. 8. Hisinger, Leth. Suec. p. 78. t. 22. f. 10. Remer, Nord. Kreid. p. 40. Dalman, Vet. Acad. 1848, p. 136. Terebratula scabra, Fischer, 1830-7, Oryct. Moscow & Foss. Gouv. Mose. 1809, pl. 2. f. 1, 2 (indeterminable). Terebratula pentagonalis, Phil. 1825, Geol. Yorks. i. pl. 1. f. 17 (founded on a specimen partly imbedded in chalk). Young— Terebratula chrysalis, Schlotheim, 1813, in Leonhard’s Min. ys vol. vii. (ref. to Faujas, Mt. S. Pierre, Maestricht, pl. 26. S haat) Schl. Petref. 1820, p. 39. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, pl. 16. f. 9. Bronn, Leth. Geog. p. 651. pl. 30. f. 6. Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pl. 26. f. 3. Dav. Lond. Geol. Journ. i. pl. 18. f. 18-20. Dunker, Paleont. p. 56. Remer, Kreid. p. 40. Terebratula tenuissima, Schl. 1813, Leonh. Min. Tasch. vu. Terebratula Gervillii, Defrance, 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. lii. p. 157. Woodward, Geol. Norf. t. 6. f. 14. Terebratula Faujasi, Remer, Kreid. p. 40. t. 7. f. 8. Reuss, Kreid. p. 50. pl. 26. f. 4. Terebratula auriculata, Remer, Kreid. p. 39. t. 7. f. 9. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173. Terebratulina microscopica, Alth, 1849, in Haid. Abhandl. 1850, p. 257. tld, f. 7: Fossil. Chalk, Upper Greensand, Speeton Clay. England ; France ; Belgium; Germany; Russia. 14. TeEREBRATULINA GISII. Shell minute, trigonal, rounded in front, with 11-15 simple rounded and granulated ribs; dorsal valye with large ears. Lon, 14 to 3 lines, BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula Gisii, Hag. 1842, Neues Jahrbuch, p. 537. Reamer, Kreid. p. 40. Bronn, Index, p. 1237. Fossil. Chalk. Riigen. 15. TEREBRATULINA ELEGANS Shell orbicular, depressed, radiately ribbed; ribs curved, di- chotomous, strongly granulated; beak prominent ; ears conspi- cuous. Lon. 23 lines. Terebratulina Dutempleana, D’Orb. 1847, Paléont. iv. p. 14. pl. 504. f. 1-8. Terebratulina elegans, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 258. Terebratulina striata, Wahl. (young?) Fossil. Chalk. France. 16. TEREBRATULINA GUADALUPS. Shell small, ovate-orbicular, inflated, radistely striated ; striz fine, smooth, close, bifurcated; dorsal valve orbicular, convex, eared ; ventral valve more convex; beak prominent, rather re- curved ; foramen large, complete. Lon. 4, lat. 33, alt. 23 lines. Terebratula Guadalupe, Remer, 1852, Kreid. Texas, p. 82. t. 6. Fossil. Chalk. Guadaloupe. 17. TEREBRATULINA CAMPANIENSIS. Shell ovate-oblong, depressed, triangular, radiately ribbed ; ribs granulated, entire, with smaller ribs disposed in their inter- spaces; beak angular; front nearly straight; ears short. Lon. 5 lines. Terebratulina Campaniensis, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 60. oot er. Terebratulina striata, Wahl. var. ? Fossil. Chalk-marl. Belgium; France. 18. TEREBRATULINA MARTINIANA. Shell ovate, triangular, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs blunt, simple, disposed in fascieuli; beak angular; front obtusely trun- cated; ears very small. Lon. 6% lines. Terebratulina Martiniana, D’Orb, 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p, 59. t. 502. f. 8,12; Prod. uu. p. 140. Terebratulina striata, Wahl. var. ? Fossil. Gault. France. a a a EO cr BRACHIOPODA. 5 19. TEREBRATULINA BIAURICULATA. Shell angularly ovate, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs ele- vated, angular, irregularly fasciculated ; beak tapering; front truncated; ears short. Lon. 4 lines. Terebratulina auriculata, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 58. pl. 502. f. 3-7 (not Ramer). Terebratulina biauriculata, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 85. Terebratulina striata, Wahd. var. ? Fossil. Neocomian. France. 20. TEREBRATULINA FLORIDANA. Shell subpentagonal, with obscure radiating striz ; valves slightly biplicated; beak produced, straight; foramen small. Lon. 74, lat. 64 lines. Terebratula Floridana, Morton, 1834, Syn. Cret.p.72. pl. 16. f. 7. Terebratulina Floridana, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258. Fossil. Chalk. Alabama, U.S. 21. TEREBRATULINA GRACILIS. Shell orbicular, striated; dorsal valve flat or concave ; ventral valve convex; beak small, recurved; foramen small; deltidium rudimentary; ears small; striae fine, very variable in number (18-50), granulated, augmenting in number by the intercalation of smaller ribs towards the margin. Lon. 53, lat. 5, alt. 2 lines. Terebratulites gracilis, Sch/. 1813, Leonh. Min. Tasch. vii. p. 112. t. 3. f.3; Petref. p. 270. no. 35, 1820. Terebratula gracilis, Sch/. 1832, Petref. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, \st ser. iii. p. 16/-pl. 16.2. 1, Geinitz, Petref. Kreid. pl. 16. £.13; Grundriss Verst. pl. 21. 4.10. Reuss, Bohem. Kreid. p. 49. pl. 26. f. 1, pl. 42. f. 24. Puggaard, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, vii. p. 534. Quenst. Handb. p. 462. t. 37. f. 8, 9. Terebratulina gracilis, D’Orb. in Murch. Russia, ii. p. 499. pl. 43. f, 24-26; Ter. Crét. iv. p. 61. t. 503. f. 1-6. Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 38. pl. 2. f. 13-16. Terebratula ornata, Ramer, 1840, Nord. Kreid. p. 40. no. 26 ple {5f.:18; Terebratulina ornata, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 258. Terebratula rigida, Sowerby, 1829, Min. Con.vi. p. 69. pl. 536.f. 2. Dav. Mon. Cret. pl. 2. f. 17. Fossil. Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Germany; Russia. 22. TEREBRATULINA ? BourRGEOISII. Shell minute, orbicular, depressed, radiately striated ;_ striz smooth, curved, diverging towards the sides ; ventral valve con- 56 BRACHIOPODA. vex ; dorsal valve flat; beak small; foramen minute; loop —? Lon. 4, lat. 4 lines. | Terebratella Bourgeoisii, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p.124. t. 518. f. 10-16. Terebratulina gracilis, Schl. var. ? Fossil. Chalk. France. 23. TEREBRATULINA? ECHINULATA. Shell ovate-oblong, depressed, closely radiately striated ; striz slightly prickly; margins bisinuated in front; foramen round, complete; deltidium solid, concave. Lon. 18, lat. 13, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula echinulata, Dujardin, 1836, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, ii. p. 223. f. 222. Terebratulina echinulata, D’ Orb. Ter. Cré. iv. 63. t. 503. f. 7-11. Fossil. Chalk. France. 24, TEREBRATULINA SANTONENSIS. Shell oval, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs granulose, curved, diverging towards the sides; ventral valve convex; area very small; foramen small; dorsal valve nearly flat. Lon. 9 lines. Terebratula Santonensis, D’ Arch. 1837, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, i. p. 181. pl. 13. f. 14. Terebratella Santonensis, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 123. t. 518. f. 5-9. Fossil. Chalk. France. 25. TEREBRATULINA PARRACENA. Shell rounded ; not truncated in front. Terebratulina parracena, (Talavignes) D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 308. Fossil. U. Chalk. France. 26. TEREBRATULINA MEGATREMA. Bristol Mus. Shell “moderately convex, transversely obovate, with a few distinct ribs ; the beak is large and produced, with a very large perforation.” Lon. 3, lat. 3 lines. Terebratula megatrema, J. Sow. 1836, Geol. Trans. iv. p. 242 & 343. pl. 18. f. 3. D’Orb. Prod. ui. p. 172. Fossil. U. Greensand. England. 27. TEREBRATULINA SUBSTRIATA. B.M. Shell oval or subpentagonal, radiately striated ; stria unequal, very fine, dichotomous, crossed by frequent lmes of growth; se — Se a —— BRACHIOPODA. ay front slightly elevated; sides depressed ; beak short, tapering ; foramen large, incomplete ; deltidia large, separate ; loop small, annular. Lon. 10, lat. 10, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula substriata, Sch/. 1820, Petr. p. 283. Buch, Ter. 60. D’ Orb, Prod. i. p. 377. Quenst. Handb. p. 461. t. 37. f. 6, 7. Terebratula striatula, Zieten, 1830, Wiirt. p. 59. pl. 44. f. 2 (not Mantell). Terebratulina substriata, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France; Germany. 3. WALDHEIMIA. Shell: foramen complete ; loop elongated and reflected; me- dian septum of the smaller valve elongated. Waldheimia (australis), King, 1849, Permian Fossils, p. 81. Terebratule with long loops, Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 364. Terebratule cincte et carinate (part.), Buch. The extent of the septum may be readily ascertained in fossil species by a little acid, without injuring the specimens. The sections into which Waldheimia has been grouped depend entirely upon modifications of external form. Waldheimia flavescens, Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 6.—Interior of dorsal valve with the animal. Fig. 7.—Section of both valves with the animal ; the muscles of the peduncle are not represented. a, a’. adductor muscle ; f. retractor muscle ; p. peduncle; f. cardinal process ; t. dental sockets ; m. mouth; v. position of intestine. D5 & ee BRACHIOPODA. a. Beak round ; valves convex, smooth, or slightly plaited. 1. WALDHEIMIA FLAVESCENS. B.M. Sheil oval, rather produced at the beak, gibbous, smooth when young, border of the adult more or less strongly furrowed with unequal, radiating folds; front slightly truncated; colour yel- lowish, or horny brown; beak short and thick, not much re- curved ; foramen rather large, complete; deltidium large; loop elongated, reflected ; margins at first even, afterwards more or less dentated. Lon. 17, lat. 14, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula tlavescens, Lamk. Hist. 1819, ed. 2. vii. 330. Terebratula australis, Quoy § Gaim. 1834, Voy. Astrol. y. 551. t. 85. f. 1-5. Sow. Thes. Conch. vu. 349. t. 69. f. 25-33. Woodward, Manual, p. 8. f. 4, 5. Terebratula dentata, Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. 331. Delessert, Icon. t. 18. f. 4. Var. Terebratula recurva, Quoy § Gaim. 1834, Voy. Astrol. y. 552. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 350. t. 69. f. 34, 35, 36. Hab. Australia, Sydney, just below low-water-mark. 2. WALDHEIMIA LENTICULARIS. B.M. Shell orbicular, smooth, red ; margins even; beak small, re- curved; foramen small; deltidium conspicuous ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 24, lat. 22, alt. 14 lines. Terebratula lenticularis, Deshayes, Mag. Zool. 1841, t. 41. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 360. t. 72. f. 108, 109, 110. Dav. Ann. Nai. Hist. May 1852, p. 365. Hab. New Zealand, Strait of Fauveau, at 15 fathoms. Fossil. In a modern deposit of New Zealand. 3. WALDHEIMIA CRANIUM. B.M. Shell ovate, front margin sometimes a little truncated, smooth, pale, translucent; beak reflected; foramen large, mcomplete ; deltidian plates narrow, widely separated ; loop reflected, two- thirds as long as the shell. Lon. 24, lat. 19°5, alt. 14 mil. Petiver, Gaz. t. 93. f. 19. Anomia cranium, Gmelin, S. N. 3247. Dillw. R. S. 1. 294. Anomia obsoleta, Solander, MSS. Anomia vitrea, Chemnitz, vii. 97. t. 78. f. 707-709. Terebratula cranium, Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prod. 247. Sow. Thes. Conch. vi. 354. t. 70. f. 60, 61, 62. Lovin, Moll. Seand. p. 29. Hab. Norway; Finmark; eastward of Bressay, Zetland, in deep water. —— a BRACHIOPODA. a 4. WALDHEIMIA SEPTIGERA. Shell white, thin, subpellucid, tumid, smooth, ovate-triangular, truncated in front, and slightly biplicate ; foramen large, round ; deltidium entire; loop reflected, rather long (three-quarters as long as the shell); smaller valve with a raised median septum. Lon. 28, lat. 21°5, alt. 17 mill. Terebratula septigera, Loven, 1846, Indew Moll. Scand. p. 29. Hab, Norway ; Finmark. 5. WALDHEIMIA GLOBOSA. Shell ovate, ventricose, smooth, whitish ; margins even, slightly sinuated in front ; beak thick, slightly reflected, truncated ; fora- men large, nearly complete; deltidia large, disumited ; dorsal valve with a broad, indistinct mesial ridge; loop reflected, two- thirds the length of the shell (Sowerby). Lon. 20, lat. 16, alt. 11 lines. Terebratula globosa, Lamk, Hist. 1819, ed. 2. vil. 330. Blainv. Man. Matac. t. 52. f. 2. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 359. t. 71. f. 99, 100, 101. Terebratula, Lamk. FE. M. t. 239. f. 2. Hab. 2? (Mus. Cuming.) 6. WALDHEIMIA PICTA. B.M. Shell ovate, rather narrowed in front and at the beak, smooth, thin, orange-red, ornamented with irregular pale rays; margins even; beak recurved; foramen small, entire; deltidia narrow, united; loop elongated, recurved. Lon. 12, lat. 10, alt. ? lines. Anomia picta, Chemnitz, Conch. C. xi. 247 t. 208. ft. 2011, 2012: Anomia cranium, var., Dillw. R. S. 295. Terebratula picta, Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 351. t. 70. f. 43, 44. Var. Terebratula rubella, G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 350. t. 69. f. 40-42. Hab. Java. 7. WALDHEIMIA DILATATA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, gibbous, horny ; margins even ; beak thick, rather tapering, with obtuse lateral ridges ; foramen large, incom- plete ; deltidia large, separate ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 19, lat. 18, alt.? lines. Terebratula dilatata, Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. 330. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 352. t. 70. f. 48, 49. Blainv. D. S. N. liti. 135. 1828. Terebratula Gaudichaudi, Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 136, 1828. Hab. Straits of Magellan. 60 BRACHIOPODA. 8. WALDHEIMIA CALIFORNICA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, slightly tapering to the beak, gibbous, smooth, brown; margins obscurely sinuated in front; beak re- curved ; foramen minute, entire; deltidium triangular ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 25, lat. 23, alt. ? lies. Terebratula Californica (Koch), Kuster, Nov. Ed. Martini, viii. pl. 2 6. f. 21-23, G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. 352. t. 70. f. 50, 51, 52. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. May 1852, p. 364. Hab. California. 9, WALDHEIMIA PATAGONICA. B.M. Sheil oval, smooth; valves nearly equally convex; beak of ventral valve produced, slightly curved, thick, laterally keeled, truncated by a large foramen; deltidium large and solid; loop elongated and reflected. Lon. 16, lat. 13, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula Patagonica, Sow. 1846, in Darwin’s S. America, p- 252. pl. 2. f. 26, 27. D’ Orb. Prod. iui. p. 134. Fossil. Miocene. Patagonia. b. Beak laterally keeled ; valves convex, with corresponding ribs or promihences. Terebratulz cinctee, Buch. Quenstedt (part.), Handb. p. 465. 10. WALDHEIMIA ACULEATA. B.M. Sheil pentagonal, with four corresponding ridges to each valve ; ridges very prominent, narrow, radiating from the umbones and produced ‘beyond the margins of the valves ; interspaces orna- mented with very fine radiating striz ; margins even, or slightly arched in front ; beak truncated by a large round foramen ; del- tidium usually incomplete ; loop elongated, reflected; septum very short. Lon. 16, lat. 15, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula aculeata, Catullo, 1827, Zool. 119. t. 1. f. B. Zieten, Verst. Wiirt. 1830, p. 58. t. 43. f. 3. Terebratula Hoeninghausii, Defr. 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. lin. 152. Terebratula trigonella, Buch, Ter. 83. t. 1. f. 8 (not Schlotheim). Quenst. Handb. p. 465. t. 37. f. 29, 30. Terebratula Fleuriausa, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 25. Fossil, Coral Rag, Germany; France. BRACHIOPODA. 61 11. WALDHEIMIA MULTICOSTATA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, ornamented with 6-11 corresponding ribs ; ribs radiating, prominent, rounded, projecting beyond the mar- gin, five or six extending to the umbo, the rest intercalated ; valves convex, margins straight; beak short, scarcely curved, ” “Huncated by a moderate-sized foramen. Lon. 6, lat. 6, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula multicostata, Klipst. 1844, Beitr. p. 216. pl. 15. f. 5. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 12. WALDHEIMIA? QUINQUECOSTATA. B.M. Shell trigonal, ornamented with five radiating, corresponding ribs; ribs very prominent, rounded, projecting beyond the mar- gin; interspaces narrow, flat; beak small, promment, laterally compressed. Lon. 3, lat. 23 lines (Minster). Terebratula quinquecostata, Miinst. 1841, Beitr, iv. p. 59. pl. 6. 1. 6. Spirigera quinquecostata et crista-galli, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula crista-galli, Kipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 217. pl. 15. f.9. (Dorsal valve only : lon. 33, lat. 44 lines.) Fossil. Trias. St. Cassian. 13. WALDHEIMIA? FLEXUOSA. B.M. Shell obovate, depressed, smooth at the umbones, bordered with numerous, unequal, corresponding ribs, those at the sides diverging and projecting beyond the margin; front obtuse or slightly truncated; beak prominent, laterally compressed ; area small; foramen round, apical. Lon. 53, lat. 43, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula flexuosa, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 59. pl. 6. f. 8. Klipstein, t. 15. f. 4. Rhynchonella flexuosa, D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 203. Fossil. Trias. St. Cassian, Tyrol. 14. WALDHEIMIA CELTICA. B.M. Shell oblong, elongated, smooth, slightly truncated in front ; margins even; dorsal valve inflated near the umbo, depressed in front ; ventral valve convex; beak slightly produced, not much recurved, keeled ; foramen moderate; deltidium obtusely trian- gular, double ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 18, lat. 9, alt. 8 lines. 62 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula longa, Remer*, 1836, Verst. Nordd. Ool. p. 50. pl. 2. f. 11; Kreid. p. 44 (not Remer, Ool. 1239). Morris & Davidson, 1847, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 255. pl. 19. f. 1 (not Zieten). Terebratula celtica, Morris, Cat. 2nd ed. Fossil. Lower Greensand. Kent; I. of Wight. Hilsthon. Germany. 15. WALDHEIMIA 2? CYMBULA. =. Me Shell elongated, cylindrical, smooth, ornamented with very numerous imbricating lines of growth; margins even, sinuous : dorsal valve much deflected in front; ventral valve deeply simu- ated in front; beak thick, scarcely curved; foramen large; del- tidium triangular. Lon. 14, lat. 8, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula cymbula, Pusch, 1837, Polens Pal. p. 25. t. 4. f. 11. Terebratula longa, Remer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. ii. p. 22. t. 18. f. 12 (not Zieten or Remer, 1836). Bronn, Indez, p. 1241. Terebratula longirostris, Minster, in Cambridge Museum (not Wahl.). Fossil. U.Greensand (*‘Uebergangskalkstein?”’). Poland (Pusch); Belgium Hilse. Elligser Brinkes, Saxony (Remer). 16. WALDHEIMIA TAMARINDUS. BM. Shell “oval, smooth; margin very obtuse; disk rather flat- tened; beak but little curved, with an angular, slightly promi- nent ridge on each side, passing down the sides of the valve.” Lon. 7, lat. 6, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula tamarindus, J. Sow. Geol. Trans. 1836, iv. pt. 2. p- 338. pl. 14. f. 8. D’ Orb. Ter. Cré. iv. t. 503. f. 1-10; Prod. i. p. 85. Fossil. Neocomian. England; France; Germany. 17. WALDHEIMIA PSEUDO-JURENSIS. B.M. Shell ovate-oblong, or subpentagonal, truncated in front, smooth; valves convex, both slightly furrowed in front; edges sharp; margins quite even ; beak scarcely curved; foramen mo- derate, round ; deltidium conspicuous; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 11, lat. 7, alt. 6 lines. * Terebratula longa, Roemer, is perhaps a distinct species; the beak is more prominent, the sides nearly parallel, the front margin broader, more truncated, and much depressed. BRACHIOPODA. 63 Terebratula pseudo-jurensis, Leym. 1841, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iv. p. 442; v. p. 12. pl. 15. f. 5, 6. D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p.74. t. 505. f. 11-16; Prod. ii. p. 85. Fossil. Neocomian. France; Switzerland. IS. WALDHEIMIA PECTORALIS. Shell orbicular, somewhat pentagonal, smooth, with obscure granulated rays ; dorsal valve rather flat; ventral convex; beak depressed, keeled ; foramen small. Terebratula pectoralis, Remer, 1840, Kreid. 42. t. 7. f. 19. Reuss, Bohm. Kreid. p. 52. t. 26. f. 12. Fossil. Neocomian. Germany. 19. WALDHEIMIA FABA. Shell elliptical, narrow, gibbose; front indented, but not ele- vated, very narrow; beak short, but prominent. Lon. 7, lat. 4, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula faba, J. Sow. 1836, Geol. Tr. iv. 2. p. 338. pl. 14. f. 10. D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. t. 506. f. 8-12?; Prod. ii. p. 85. Fossil. Lower Greensand. Between Folkestone and Sandgate (Mus. Rev. G. E. Smith). 20. WALDHEIMIA DIGONA. B.M. Shell oblong, triangular, smooth ; front margin straight, with two prominent angles ; beak rather produced, with short lateral ridges; foramen small and round ; deltidium rather long ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 13, lat. 9, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula sacculus minor, Lihwyd, 1699, Lith. Brit. Ichn.t. 10. f. 873. Terebratula digona, Sow. Min. Con. 1812, 1. p. 217. t. 96. f. 1-5; Encycl. Meth, pl. 240. f. 5. Smith, Strat. Syst. 1816. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, ii. p. 194. pl. 17. f. 6. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 33. pl. 5. f. 18-24. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 49. Quenst. Handb. p. 467. t. 37. f. 35. Fossil. Bath Oolite (Bradford Clay). England; France; Ger- many. 21. WALDHEIMIA ARDUENNENSIS. Shell subtrigonally inflated, wider than long, much enlarged and truncated in front, and diminishing gradually to the beak. Terebratula Arduennensis, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. 64 BRACHIOPODA. 22. WALDHEIMIA ROYERIANA. Shell oval, inflated, smooth or marked (especially near the border) with numerous lines of growth; rounded and compressed when young; oblong and slightly truncated in front when old ; beak obtuse, recurved, keeled; foramen small, round. Lon. 12, lat. 8, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula Royeriana, D’Orb. 1845. Murch. Russia, ii. p. 484. pl. 42. f. 33, 34. D’Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 344 & 377. Terebratula vulgaris, Fischer, 1843, Bull. Nat. Moscow, xvi. p. 26 {not Schl.). Terebratula ornithocephala, Id. p. 27. pl. 4. f. 1, 2 (not Sow.). Fossil. Kelloway Rock? France. Oxford Clay. Russia. 23. WALDHEIMIA STROGONOFII. Shell oval, elongated, slightly truncated in front, ventricose, smooth; margins even; ventral valve most convex; beak rounded, recurved; foramen moderate, circular; deltidium nearly con- cealed. Lon. 28, lat. 17, alt. 14 lines. Terebratula Strogonofii, D’ Orb. 1845, Murch. Russia, ii. p. 483. pl. 42. f. 31, 32; Prod. i. p. 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. Russia. 24. WALDHEIMIA OBOVATA. B.M. Shell oval, truncated in front, with obscure angles, smooth, ventricose; beak short, rather recurved, with short curved lateral ridges ; deltidium more or less concealed ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 15, lat. 13, alt. 10 lnes. Terebratula obovata, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. i. p. 228. t. 101. f. 5. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 39. pl. 5. f. 14-17. Fossil. Bath Oolite (Cornbrash). England; France. 25. WALDHEIMIA LAGENALIS. B.M. Shell smooth, ovate, elongated, ventricose, wide and straight in front; beak rounded, much recurved, with indistinct lateral ridges; foramen moderate ; deltidium concealed ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 22, lat. 12, alt. 11 lines. Terebratula sacculus longissimus, Llhwyd, 1699, Lith. Brit. t. 10. fS/L. Terebratula lagenalis, Schl. Petref. 1820, p. 284. Lam. ed. Desh. vu. Buch, Mén. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p. 194. pl. 18. f. 7. Dav. Mon. Ool. p. 42. pl. 7. f. 1-4. Quenst. Handb. p. 468. t. 37. f. 48. OO OE ee ees a BRACHIOPODA. 65 Terebratula umbonella, Val. 1819, in Lam. An. s. Vert. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 18. Fossil. Cornbrash. England; France ; Germany. 26. WALDHEIMIA SUBLAGENALIS. B.M. Shell smooth, oblong, ventricose ; front margin wide, trun- cated, slightly indented ; beak rounded, recurved ; valves slightly hollowed in the middle, in front, with rounded lateral ridges and prominent angles. Lon. 15, lat. 8, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula sublagenalis (Ramer?, 1836, Verst. Nordd. Ool. p.49), Dav. Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 42. pl. 7. f. 14. Fossil. Cornbrash. England; France. (Lias. Germany; Willershausen.) 27. WALDHEIMIA ORNITHOCEPHALA. Shell smooth, rhombic-ovate, becoming elongated and yentri- cose with age, rather narrow and truncated in front; beak rounded and recurved ; foramen moderate ; deltidium concealed ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 16, lat. 11, alt. 10 lines. Lihwyd, Lith. Brit. pl. 10. f. 873. Terebratula ornithocephala, Sow. 1812, Min. Con. i. p. 227. t. 101. f. 2, 3, 4. Smith, Strat. Syst. 1816. Lam. ed. Desh. vii. p. 361. Phil. Geol. Yorks. i. t. 6. f. 7. Zieten, Wiirt. t. 39. f. 2. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 40. pl. 7. f. 6, 13, 23. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 51. Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 19. t. 3. f. 17. Terebratula lampas, Sow. Min. Con. p. 228 (cast). D’ Orb, Prod. i. p. 239. Terebratula subovalis et subovoides, Remer, Ool. pl. 2. f. 9, 10? Terebratula triquetra, Sow. Min. Con. v. p. 65. t. 445. f. 1 (not Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 48). Terebratula subtriquetra, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 216. Fossil. Kelloway Rock—-Fuller’s Earth. England; France; Germany. 28. WALDHEIMIA IGNACIANA. Shell oval-oblong, slightly convex, smooth, truncated in front ; ventral valve deep; beak short, recurved; foramen moderate. Lon. 16, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula Ignaciana, D’Orb. 1842, Pal. Amer. Merid. p. 63. pl. 22. f. 14, 15; Prod. i. p. 221. Fossil. Lias. Chili. 66 BRACHIOPODA. 29. WALDHEIMIA BUCCULENTA. B.M. Shell oval, attenuated in front, smooth, ventricose ; margins almost straight ; beak small, recurved ; foramen small; deltidium concealed. Lon. 13, lat. 12, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula bucculenta, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 54. t. 438. f. 2. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 376, i. p. 24. ? Zieten, Wiirt. t. 39. f. 6. Deslong. Soc. Lin. Normandie. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 55. pl. 13. f. 8. Terebratula bullata, syn., Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iit. p- 195. Morris, Cat. p. 132. Bronn, Index Pal. uu. p. 1231. Fossil. Coralline Oolite. Malton, Yorkshire. (Mus. Sow.) + ~ > ewer 30. WALDHEIMIA SUBOVOIDES. Shell ovate, smooth; valves convex, slightly truncated in front; beak small, recurved; foramen small, round ; deltidium distinct. Lon. 14, lat. 11, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula subovoides (Miinster), Braun, Bair. p. 43. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 50. t. 2. f. 9. Bronn, Index, p. 1252. Terebratula subovalis, Remer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 50.t. 2. f. 10 (according to Bronn, Index, p. 1252). Fossil. Lias. Germany. 31. 2 WALDHEIMIA SARTHACENSIS. Terebratula Sarthacensis, D’Orb. Prod. 1850 (T. ornithocephala, Sow. pl. 101. f. 5?). Fossil. Lias (Upper). France. 32. WALDHEIMIA CRITHEA. “An oval shell, resembling 7. Sarthacensis, but with a large foramen, and not truncated in front.” Terebratula Crithea, D’Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 258, Fossil. Lias (Upper). France. 33. WALDHEIMIA LINNEANA, Shell wide and short ; front straight, without inflections. Terebratula Linneana, D’Orb. 1850, Pred. i. p. 344. Fossil. Kelloway Rock? France. BRACHIOPODA. 67 34. WALDHEIMIA NUMISMALIS. B.M. Shell depressed, somewhat pentagonal, smooth, with distant concentric striz ; both valves with a sinus in front ; beak short, keeled ; foramen minute; deltidium wide and short; loop elon- gated, reflected. Lon. and lat. 11-13, alt. 4-6 lines. ‘Terebratula numismalis, Val. in Lamk. 1819, Hist. vii. 334. n. 17. Brug. Encyc. Méth, t. 240. f. 1. Buch, Mon. Tereb. 84. n. 4. Desh. E. M. iii. 2028. n. 18. Zieten, Petref. t. 39. f. 4. Davidson, Mon, Ool. p. 27. pl. 5. f. 1-3. Ramer, Nordd. Ool. p. 47. Quenst. Handb, p. 467. t. 37. f. 32, 33. Terebratula orbicularis (Schlotheim), Zieten, Petref. Wiirt. t. 39. fa, Terebratula Cor, Val. in Lam. Hist. Nat. Dav. Ann. Nat..Hist. June 1850, pl. 15. f. 22. Terebratula pentagona, Minster, in Cambridge Museum? Terebratula quadrifida, Quenst. Handb. p. 467. t. 37. f. 28. Fossil. Lias. Britain; France; Wurtemberg. J 35. WALDHEIMIA QUADRIFIDA. B.M. Shell broader than long, somewhat pentagonal, depressed, pro- duced into four angles in front ; valves with corresponding ridges and depressions ; beak small, with acute lateral ridges ; foramen moderate; deltidium double, obtuse ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 14, lat. 18, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula quadrifida, Val.in Lam.1819, An. sansVert. vi. p. 35. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, ui. p. 190. pl. 17. f. 3. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 28. pl. 3. f. 8-10; Ann. Nat. Hist, June 1850, pl. 14. Shi Fossil. Lias (Marlstone). England; France, 36. WALDHEIMIA CaUSONIANA. Alliedto T. cornuta, but always much wider, and the two pro- jections from the pallial region wider apart. Terebratula Caussonia, .D’ Orb. 1847, Prod. i, p. 221. Fossil. Lias. France. 37. WALDHEIMIA CORNUTA. BM. Shell smooth and shining, irregularly pentagonal, longer than wide; valves equally convex, deeply indented in front, with cor- responding projections and depressions; beak large, recurved, with strong lateral ridges ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double ; 68 BRACHIOPODA. loop simple, nearly reaching the front margin. Lon. 20, lat. 13, alt. 12 lines. Terebratula cornuta, Sow. Min. Con. 1825, v. p. 66. pl. 446. f. 4. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 29. pl. 3. f. 11-18. Terebratula vicinalis, Buch, 1838, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p- 192. pl. 17. f. 5 (not Schloth.). Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 47. Fossil. Lias. England; France; Germany. 38. WALDHEIMIA BIDENTATA. Shell small, oblong, ventricose, contracted and indented in front ; valves smooth, each with a deep mesial furrow in front; dorsal valve inflated ; beak very small, keeled; foramen minute. Lon. 7, lat. 4, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula bidentata, Zieten, 1830, p. 59. pl. 44. f. 3 (not His.). Terebratula sub-bidentata, D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 288. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Germany. 39. WALDHEIMIA VICINALIS. B.M. Sheil trigonal or oval, truncated and indented in front, smooth ; valves equally convex, each with a shallow sinus in front, between very obtuse corresponding ridges ; edges thick, obtuse; margins uite even; beak small, recurved, sharply keeled at the sides ; Foncied minute; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 11, lat. 9, alt. 63 lines. Terebratula vicinalis, Schl. 1820, Petref. p. 281*. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, i. p. 192 (excl. plate). Terebratula digona, Zieten, pl. 39. f. 8? (not Sow.). Terebratula cornuta, Remer (not Sow.). Terebratula numismalis 5, Quenst. Handb. p. 467. t. 37. f. 26. Fossil. Lias. Wurtemberg. 40. WALDHEIMIA REHMANNI. Shell widely ovate, or subpentagonal, truncated and slightly indented in front, rounded at the sides, ventricose, smooth ; beak small, recurved, sharply keeled ; foramen minute; deltidium triangular, solid. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula Rehmamni (Buch), Remer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. p. 21. telosite 11: Fossil. Lias. Saxony, * The reference made by Schlotheim to Parkinson, iii. 16. f. 4, shows that he did not intend the shell afterwards named T. cornuta by Sowerby. BRACHIOPODA. 69 41. WALpuHeErIMIA FIscHERIANA. B.M. Sheil oblong, truncated and indented in front, smooth ; edges very obtuse; margins even; ventral valve gibbose; beak short, recurved, laterally keeled; foramen small, round; deltidium solid, triangular. Lon. 4 lines (D’Ord.). Lon. 11, lat. 8, alt. 6 lines (Brit. Mus.). Terebratula Fischeriana, D’Orb. 1845, Murch. Russia, ii. p. 482. pl. 42. f. 27-30; Prod. i. p. 377. Terebratula digona, Zieten, Wiirt. p. 53. pl. 39. f. 8 (D’Orb.). Fischer, Oryct. Moscow, pl. 23. f. 7 (not Sow.). Terebratula indentata, Fischer, Bull. Moscow, xvi. p. 24. pl. 4. f. 3,4 (not Sow.). Terebratula nucleata, Fischer, id. p. 25. pl. 4.f.5, 6 (not Zieten). Fossil. Oxford Clay. Russia. Coral Rag. Germany. 42. WALDHEIMIA LUNARIS. Sheil crescent-shaped, smooth ; valves gibbose, concave in front ; margins even; beak very small, depressed, keeled ; fo- ramen minute. Lon. 54, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula lunaris (Schiibler), Zieten, p. 59. pl. 44. f. 4. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 288. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Germany. 43. WALDHEIMIA PLANA. B.M. Shell small, pentagonal, smooth; front truncated; margins even; dorsal valve rather flat, slightly depressed centrally in front, with indications of a long central septum ; ventral valve convex, flattened in the centre, with two obscure ridges ; beak recurved, laterally keeled ; foramen small, round; deltidium in- complete. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula plana, Miinster in Cambridge Museum. Terebratula pentahedra, id. Terebratula pentahedra, minor, (Miinster) Dr. Braun in British Museum. Terebratula nana, id. Fossil. Oxfordian—Coral Rag. Bavaria. 44. WALDHEIMIA MaRiz. Like T. cornuta, but shorter, truncated, and straight in front. Terebratula Marie, D’Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 240. Fossil. Lias. France. 70 BRACHIOPODA. = 45. WALDHEIMIA EDWARDSII. B.M. Shell ventricose, smooth, oval, truncated in front; smaller valve rather flat; margins quite straight; beak much recurved, with distinct lateral ridges; foramen ‘small ; deltidium scarcely , visible ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 15, lat. 13, alt. 10 lines. Terebratula Edwardsii,:Dav. Mon. Ool. Brach. p.30. aa 6.f.11-15. Fossil. Lias. England. 46. WauLpHeErmi1aA LyYceErTrii. B.M. Shell smocth, subcircular, ventricose ; beak rounded, lateral ridges iiebmiets deltidium rudimentary, almost separated by the foramen ; front margin slightly wav ed. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Lycettii, Dav. Mon. Ool. Brach. p.44. pl. 7. f. 17-22. Terebratula numismalis, ovalis, Quenst. Handb. p- 467. t. 37. £.272 Fossil. Lias. Somersetshire; Germany. 47. WALDHEIMIA GLOBULINA. B.M. Shell minute, circular, ventricose, smooth; margins even ; beak minute, recurved, with short and curved lateral ridges; loop simple, short. Lon. 2, lat. 2, alt. 1 line. Terebratula globulina, Dav. 1847, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. pl. 19. f.4; Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 57: pl. 11. f. 20, 21. Fossil. U. Lias. Ilminster. 48. WALDHEIMIA COMMUNIS. B.M. Shell oval, depressed, smooth, ornamented with divergmg co- loured rays; margins even, slightly raised in front ; dorsal valve moderately convex, with a flattened, rounded ridge in front, depressed at the umbo and sides, furnished internally with a long central septum; ventral valve convex; beak not much curved, keeled at the sides ; foramen moderate ; deltidium concave. Lon. 16, lat. 14, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula communis, Bosc. 1801, Bourguet, pl. 30. f. 194. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 177. Terebratula vulgaris, Schl. Petref. pl. 37. f. 5, 6. Zieten, Wiirt. pl. 39. f. 1. Pusch, Polens Pal. p. 17. t. 3. f. 14, 15. Quenst. Handb. p. 474. t. 5. f. 6. Terebratula vulgaris, minor, Minster, Beiir. p. 62. t. 6. f. 13? Fossil. Muschelkalk. France; Wurtemberg; Poland. Trias? Tyrol. : . ee BRACHIOPODA. 71 ce. Beak laterally keeled; dorsal valve with a longitudinal depres- sion in the centre. Terebratule Carinate acute, Buch. Terebratule Impresse, Quenst. 1851, Handb. p. 469. 49. WALDHEIMIA IMPRESSA. B.M. Shell subcircular, polished ; smaller valve flat, depressed in the middle in front; ventral valve convex; beak recurved, with la- teral ridges ; foramen minute ; deltidium double ; loop elongated, reflected, lamella very broad ; septum nearly as long as the valve. Lon. 9 or 10, lat. 9, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula impressa, Buch, 1832, Ueber Terebrateln, Mém. Soc. Geol. France, | ser. p. 226. pl. 20. f. 7, 1838. Zieten, Wiirt. Verst. P.O. Plo dy. 1. 0k. Davidson, Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 33. pl. 4. f. 8-10. Quenst. Handb. p. 468. t. 37. f. 36, 37. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Dorset; Cheltenham. Oxford Clay. Wuntingdonshire ; Germany. 50.2 WaLpHEIMIA BERNARDINA. “Shell like T. pala, but oval-obround, truncated in front, enlarged in the middle; small valve much depressed, with a furrow in the middle.” Terebratula Bernardina, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p- 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. ol. ? WALDHEIMIA LABIATA. Shell smooth, round or oval, depressed, truncated in front, or with the front of the little valve sunk, forming a deep sinus in the larger valve. Terebratula labiata, D’ Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p- 377. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. 52. ? WALDHEIMIA CHAUVINIANA. Shell oblong; obtuse in front; beak poimted; small valve nearly flat, the other yentricose. Terebratula Chauviniana, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 344. Fossil. Kelloway Rock? France. 72 BRACHIOPODA. 53. 2 WALDHEIMIA CALLOVIENSIS. Shell like T. Chauviniana, but more inflated, especially the little valve ; oval; front very variable, square or rounded, or even bilobed; small valve provided with a sinus. Terebratula Calloviensis, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 344. Fossil. Kelloway Rock? France. 54. ?WaALDHEIMIA RUPPELLENSIS. Shell like T. resupinata, but with the small valve quite flat. ~ Terebratula Riippellensis, D’Orb. 1850, Prod. ii. p. 24. Fossil. Coral Rag. France. 55. WALDHEIMIA RESUPINATA, B.M. Shell smooth, oval; smaller valve with a deep longitudinal de- pression; beak small, incurved, with prominent lateral ridges; foramen minute; deltidium wide, obtuse; loop simple, elon- gated. Lon. 16, lat. 14, alt. 12 lines. Terebratula resupinata, Sow. Min. Con. 1818, ii. p. 116. t. 150. f. 3, 4. Phil. Geol. Yorks. pl. 13. f. 23. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, p. 229. pl. 20. f. 11. Dav. Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 31. pl. 4. f. 1-5. Quenst. Handb. p. 469. t. 37. f. 38. Torrubia, Hist. Nat. Hispan. 1773, t. 9. f. 3. Fossil. Lias. Brita; France; Germany. 56. 2? WALDHEIMIA FLORELLA. “Like T. resupinata, but without any depression in the middle of the smaller valve.” Terebratula florella, D’Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 258. Fossil. Lias (upper). France. 57. WALDHEIMIA MoorREI. B.M. Shell oblong, ventricose, smooth, with numerous strong lines of growth ; smaller valve with an obscure longitudinal depression ; margins depressed in front ; beak small, laterally compressed and keeled ; foramen minute ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 18, lat. 14, alt. 11 lines. Terebratula Moorei, Dav. 1851, Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 33. pl. 4. PAO se Fossil. Lias. England. BRACHIOPODA. 73 58. 2? WALDHEIMIA SUBRESUPINATA, “ Like T. resupinata, but with the small valve not ventricose, and marked by a strong, medio-longitudinal impression.” Terebratula subresupinata, D’Orb. Prod. 1850, p. 287. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 59. WALDHEIMIA BAJOCINA. “Like T. subresupinata, but more oval, more attenuated in front, and without the depression in the small valve.” Terebratula Bajocina, D’ Orb. 1850, Prod. i. p. 288. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 60. WALDHEIMIA CARINATA. B.M. Shell oblong, smooth, narrow and slightly truncated in front ; smaller valve flat, with a central longitudinal depression ; ventral valve convex, laterally compressed ; beak slightly recurved, keeled ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double, rather long ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 13-20, lat. 9-17, alt. 5-10 lines. Terebratula carinata, Val. 1819, in Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 25. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 35. pl. 4.f.11-17; Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 13. f. 25. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; Normandy. 61. WALDHEIMIA PENTAHEDRA. B.M. Shell pentagonal, depressed, smooth, with numerous imbrica- ting lines of growth; dorsal valve nearly flat, ventral convex ; beak prominent, scarcely curved, keeled at the sides; foramen rather large, deltidium distinct. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula pentahedra, Minster, Beitrage, p. 109. Bronn, Index, p. 1244 (not Ter. pentahedra minor, Miinst.). Terebratula tetragona, Remer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 52. t. 2. f. 13. Fossil. Coral Rag. Saxony; Bavaria. Inferior Oolite. Stroud (Brit. Mus.). 62. WALDHEIMIA SUBIMPRESSA. B.M. Shell diamond-shaped, depressed, smooth, with a few strongly imbricated lines of growth; edges square ; margins quite even ; dorsal valve flat; ventral valve rather prominent along the centre; beak prominent, straight, with strong lateral ridges ; foramen round; deltidium narrow, solid. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 43 lines. Terebratula subimpressa, var. elongata, Minster in Cambridge Museum. E 74 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratula bucculenta? Zieten, p. 52. pl. 39. f. 6 (not Sow.). Terebratula emarginata, Quenst. Handb. p. 471. t. 37.f. 52 (not Sow.). Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Bavaria. 63. WALDHEIMIA EMARGINATA. B.M. Shell subrhombic, truncated and indented in front; smaller valve flat, sometimes longitudinally depressed in front ; ventral valve convex ; beak slightly recurved ; deltidium distinct ; fora- men mbdernic ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 11, lat. 10, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula emarginata, Sow. 1825, Min. Con. v. p. 50. pl. 435. f. 5. Deslong. 1837, Soc. Lin. Normandie. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 35. pl. 4. f. 18-21. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. England; Normandy. 64. WALDHEIMIA HUMERALIS. B.M. Shell obovately pentagonal, widest above the centre, narrow in front, depressed, smooth ; dorsal valve rather flat; ventral valve convex, with an obtuse longitudinal ridge; beak small, incurved, keeled at the sides. Lon. 8, lat. 63, alt. 4 lines (123 : 103 : 73 Cambr.). Terebratula humeralis, Remer, 1839, Nordd. Ool. u. p. 21. t. 18. gale B Bronn, Index, p. 1238. Fossil. Portland Oolite. Germany. 65. WALDHEIMIA WATERHOUSII. B.M. Shell smooth, subquadrate, longer than wide; small valve concave in front ; beak small, with acute lateral ridges ; delti- dium double; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 9, lat. 7, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula Waterhousii, Dav. 1851, Mon. Ool. p. 31. pl. 5. fale Wo: Fossil. Lias. England; Wurtemburg. 66. WALDHEIMIA BAKERIZ. B.M. Shell smooth, semicircular ; dorsal valve depressed in the mid- — dle im front; wider than long; ventral valve convex; beak small, with indiatieee lateral ridges; foramen entire, nearly touching the umbo of dorsal valve. Lon. 4, lat. 5, alt. 23 lines. BRACHIOPODA. 75 Terebratula Bakeria, Dav. Mon. Ool. Brach. 1851, p. 38. pl. 5. i 8 Terebratula Heyseana, Dunker? Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Northampton (Brit. Mus.). 67. WALDHEIMIA HEYSEANA. B.M. Shell transverse, somewhat trigonal, winged, smooth ; dorsal valve slightly convex, deeply depressed in the centre in front; ventral valve more convex, with a prominent central rounded ridge ; beak depressed, curved, sharply keeled ; foramen minute ; deltidium triangular. Lon. 5, lat. 6, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula Heyseana, Dunker, 1847, Pal. i. p. 129. pl. 18. f. 5. Quenst. Handb. p. 471. t. 37. f. 47. Terebratula resupinata, Remer, 1836, Nordd. Ool. p. 55. t. 12. f. 7 (not Sow.). Fossil. Lias. Germany. 68. WALDHEIMIA HEMISPH ERICA. B.M. Shell minute, hemispherical, striated ; dorsal valve flat, or slightly concave; ventral valve convex; beak recurved, with lateral ridges, forming a small flattened hinge-area; foramen rather large, round, meomplete ; deltidium plates disunited. Lon. 4, lat. 34, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula hemisphzerica, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 69. t. 536. fl Desh. 1837, Soc. Lin. Normandie. Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 64. pl. 13. f. 17, 18. Terebratella hemispherica, D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 316. Fossil. Bath Oolite. England; France. 69. WALDHEIMIA PALA. B.M. Shell oval when young, afterwards elongated, and truncated in front; sides parallel, straight; valves smooth, or with a few lines of growth near the margin; margins even; dorsal valve flat, with a longitudinal furrow, becoming wide and shallow in front ; beak prominent, recurved, laterally keeled; foramen mi- nute; deltidium wide, solid; internal septum elongated, pro- minent. Lon. 12, lat. 7, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula pala, Buch, 1843, iiber Terebrateln, p. 115. t. 3. f. 44; Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iii. p. 228. pl. 20. f. 9. Bronn, Index, p. 1244. Quenst. Handb. p. 469. t. 37. f. 46. Fossil. Alpenkalk. Tyrol. E2 76 BRACHIOPODA. 70. WALDHEIMIA SEATONIANA. Shell resembling T. pala. Terebratula Seatoniana, Portlock, 1844, Proc. Geol. Soc. p. 357. Fossil. Jurassic ? limestone. Corfu. 71. WALDHEIMIA SUBANGUSTA. B.M. Shell small, oval, smooth, with a few strong lines of growth, punctate; dorsal valve circular, nearly fiat, with a medio-longi- tudinal furrow, and indications of an internal median septum ; ventral valve convex ; beak prominent, rounded, recurved, trun- cated by a small foramen. Lon. 53, lat. 43, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula subangusta, Miinst. 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 64. pl. 6.f. 16. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Terebratula premarginata, Klipst. 1844, p. 222. pl. 15. f. 6. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 72. WALDHEIMIA ANGUSTA. Shell small, elongated, oval, smooth; dorsal valve slightly convex, impressed in the middle in front ; margins even; beak rounded, recurved ; foramen small. Lon. 5, lat. 3, alt. 23 limes. Terebratula angusta, Schl. 1820, Petref. p. 285. Buch, Mém. Soot Géol. Fr. iii. p. 217. pl. 20. f. 80. Dunker & Meyer, Paleont. p. 285. pl. 34. f. 1-4. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. \77. Fossil. Muschelkalk, Silesia. 73. WALDHEIMIA ? NAVICULA. B.M. Shell oval, boat-shaped, smooth; dorsal valve concave, raised at the sides, depressed in front, with a prominent longitudinal septum inside ; ventral valve convex, with a very prominent, ob- tuse, longitudinal ridge ; beak prominent, closely recurved ; fora- men minute, complete; muscular impressions deep. Lon. 6, lat. 4, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula navicula, J. Sow. 1839, in Murch. Silur. Syst. p.611. pl. 5. f. 17. Barrande, Silur. Bohm. p. 46. pl. 15. f. 4. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 43. Hemithyris navicula, M‘Coy, Pal. Foss. p. 204. Fossil. Upper Silurian*. England; Germany. * Nearly all the Silurian “ Terebratule ” have been ascertained to possess calcareous spires and must therefore be removed from the family. as a eee ti, Sele BRACHIOPODA. 1h 74. WALDHEIMIA ? UMBRA. Shell orbicular, depressed, slightly truncated in front, smooth ; dorsal valve with a deep longitudinal furrow becoming wider in front; margins evenly sinuated; ventral valve with an obtuse longibudinal ridge; beak very small, recurved. Lon. and lat. 7, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula ambra, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p40l.t. 17. £. 3. Atrypa umbra, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 38. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 75. WALDHEIMIA? UPSILON. B.M. Shell subpentagonal, truncated and indented in front, ventri- cose, smooth; margims even, slightly arched in front; edges thick, rounded; valves equally convex, each with two rounded ridges, separated by a shallow sinus, in front ; beak small, late- rally compressed, recurved. Lon. 11, lat. 10, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula upsilon, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 405. t. 15. f. 9. Atrypa? upsilon, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 40. Hemithyris upsilon, M‘Coy, Pal. Foss. p. 207. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia; Wales. 76. WALDHEIMIA ? JUNO. Shell oval, widely truncated in front, depressed, smooth ; mar- gins even; valves equally convex, slightly sinuated in front ; beak small, compressed. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Juno, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 407. t. 15. f. 10. Atrypa Juno, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 40. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 77. WALDHEIMIA? CANALIS. Shell oval or orbicular, smooth ; both valves with a deep medio- longitudinal furrow; margins even, deeply indented in front ; beak small, recurved. Lon. 6, lat. 44 lines. Terebratula canalis, J. Sowerby, 1839, in Murch. Silur. Syst. p- 611. t. 5. f. 18. Barr. Silur. Bohm. p. 410. t. 16. f. 13. Atrypa canalis, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 40. Fossil. U. Silurian. England; Bohemia. 78 BRACHIOEODA. 78. WALDHEIMIA? INELEGANS. Shell orbicular, ventricose, smooth; margims even; valves equally convex ; edges obtuse; ventral valve with an obscure longitudinal furrow; beak small, recurved. Lon. and lat. 7, alt. 43 lines. Terebratula inelegans, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 408. t. 17. f. 1. Atrypa inelegans, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 38. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 79. WALDHEIMIA ? EPHEMERA. Shell orbicular, smooth, slightly indented in front ; margins even; valves equally convex, slightly sinuated in front; beak small, recurved. Lon. and lat. 5, alt. 33 lines. Terebratula ephemera, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 408. t. 16. f. 11. Atrypa? ephemera, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 38. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 80. WaLDHEIMIA? HECATE. Shell orbicular, slightly pentagonal, smooth; valves convex, margins sinuous, slightly arched in front; beak small, promi- nent, recurved. Lon. 9, lat. 10, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula Hecate, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 409. t. 16. f. 12. Spirigera Hecate, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 43. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 81. WALDHEIMIA ? SECURIS. Shell trigonal, smooth, umbones convex ; margins even ; edges sharp; front very wide, and like the sides nearly straight ; beak very small. Lon. 9, lat. 10, alt. 43 lines. Terebratula securis, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 388. t. 16. f. 1. Atrypa securis, D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 39. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 82. WALDHEIMIA 2 OBOLINA. Shell transversely oblong, smooth; valves equally convex ; margins even; edges sharp; beak minute. Lon. 7, lat. 8, alt. 4 lines. ee ee a BRACHIOPODA. 79 Terebratula obolina, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 404. t. 20. f. 9. Atrypa obolina, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 40. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. 83. WALDHEIMIA? HAMIFERA. Shell orbicular, convex, smooth, with very obscure radiating strize. Lon. 18, lat. 19 lines. Terebratula hamifera, Barrande, 1847, in Haidinger’s Abhandl. p- 417. t. 20. f. 9. D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 43. Fossil. U. Silurian. Bohemia. d. Beak round ; valves sharply plaited. Eudesia. Terebratule costate, Morris, 1846, Journ. Geol. Soc. p- 385. Eudesia (orbicularis), King, 1849, Permian Fossils, 81. 144. 84. WALDHEIMIA GRAYII. B.M. Shell suborbicular, ornamented with numerous radiating ribs ; ribs unequal, bifurcating and intercalating ; colour reddish yellow, becoming deep red at the lines of growth; dorsal valve rather flat; ventral valve convex; beak obtuse, with distinct lateral ridges; foramen very large, incomplete ; deltidia disunited ; loop elongated, reflected. Lon. 14, lat. 15, alt. 9 lines. Terebratula Grayii, Davidson, May 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 365 : Zool. Proc. 1852, p. .pl. . f. 1-3. Hab. Korea. 85. WALDHEIMIA BEAUMONTI. B.M. Shell oval, inflated, ornamented with 12-14 elevated, radiating plaits, sometimes bifurcating, and crossed by numerous lines of growth ; valves equally convex ; beak prominent, nearly straight, poimted; foramen small; area concave; deltidium large, trian- gular. Lon. 63, lat. 5, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Beaumonti, D’ Arch. 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p- 331. pl. 21. f. 12-14. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Fossil. U. Greensand. Belgium. 86. WALDHEIMIA MARCOUSANA. Shell orbicular, ventricose, with 18-20 sharp radiating plaits ; valves equally convex, margins dentated ; beak short, curved, 80 BRACHIOPODA. truncated by a moderate, round foramen; deltidium triangular, distinct. Lon. 13, lat. 13, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula Marcousana, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 82. t. 507. f. 11-14; Prod. ii. p. 85. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 87. WALDHEIMIA SEMISTRIATA. B.M. Shell angularly ovate or rounded, with 24-30 sharp radiating plaits ; umbones smooth; beak prominent; foramen moderate ; deltidium elongated; dorsal valve with two elevated ridges or angles in front. Lon. 14, lat. 12, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula semistriata, Defrance, 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. t. li. p- 156. D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 83. t. 508. f. 1-11; Prod. ii. p. 85. Terebratula suborbicularis, D’ Arch. 1839, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. in. p. 311. Leym. 1842, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. vy. p. 18. pl. 14. f. 2, 3. Terebratula biangularis, (Desh.) Leym. 1842, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. v. p. Ll. pl. 14. f. 4. Reuss, Verst. Bohm. Kreid. p. 51. Terebratula propinqua, Miinster MS., Jura, Hildesheim. Fossil. Neocomian. France ; Switzerland. 88. WALDHEIMIA RETICULATA. Shell oblong, inflated, partly smooth, or ornamented with ra- diating dichotomous striz; dorsal valve with a sharp central elevation and two lateral folds; beak prominent, curved, late- rally keeled; foramen moderate, round; deltidium double, elon- gated. Lon. 14, lat. 10, alt. 8 lines. Terebratula reticulata, Pusch, 1837, Polens Pal. t. 3. f.11 (not Sow.). Terebratula Puscheana, Remer, 1841, Kreid. p. 114. no. 3.t. 16. f29: Terebratella reticulata, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 112. t. 515. f. 1-6. Fossil. Neocomian. France; Poland; Germany. 89. WALDHEIMIA OBLONGA. B.M. Shell oblong, sharply plaited ; plaits 20-40, simple or bifur- cating, and becoming more numerous by intercalation; dorsal valve rather flat when young, becoming more convex with age ; beak rather produced, nearly straight, with well-defined lateral ridges forming a flat area; foramen entire, slightly truncating the beak; deltidium double, distinct. Lon. 12, lat. 9, alt. 7 lines. BRACHIOPODA. ball Terebratula oblonga, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 68. t. 535. f. 4-6. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iii. p. 359. pl. 16. f. 2. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 46. t. 2. f. 23; Kreid. p. 39. no. 18. Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 51. pl. 2. f. 29-32. Terebratella oblonga, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p.113. pl. 515. f.7-19. ? Terebratula quadrata, J. Sow. Trans. Geol. Soc. iv. pl. 14. Cy Fossil. Lower Greensand (Neocomian). “ngland ; France ; Switzerland; Germany. , 90. WaLDuEIMIA CARDIUM. B.M. Shell oval, strongly plaited; ribs broad and sharp, about eighteen in number, simple or forked; dorsal valve subcircular, rather flat when young; ventral valve deep, with a large, trun- cated beak; foramen large, round; deltidium narrow, concave ; loop simple, elongated. Lon. 16, lat. 12, alt. 11 lines. Terebratula Cardium, Val.in Lam. 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. no. 47 ; Encye. Meth. pl. 141. f. 6. Deslong. Soc. Lin. Normandie. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850; Mon. Ool. p. 43. pl. 12. f. 18-18; Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 14. f. 47. Terebratula orbicularis, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 68. t. 535. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. ser. 1. p. 160. pl. 16. f. 3. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p. 46. Bronn, Index Paleont. p. 1243. D’Orb. Prod. p. 315. Quenst. Handb. p. 466. t. 37. f. 31. Terebratula fureata, Sow. Min. Con. vi. p. 67. t. 535. f. 2 (young). Fossil. Bath Oolite (Bradford Clay). England; France. 91. WALDHEIMIA ? ADRIENI. Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, ornamented with 17-20 sharp radiating plaits ; valves nearly equally convex ; beak rounded, curved, truncated by a circular foramen; deltidium distinct. Lon. 9, lat. 8, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula Adrieni, Vern. § Arch. 1845, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. pl. 14. f. 11. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 100. Fossil. Devonian. Spain; Eifel. E5 82 BRACHIOPODA. 92. WALDHEIMIA? PROMINULA. Shell oblong, rather truncated in front, ornamented with twenty-four sharp radiating ribs ; valves convex, slightly flattened along the centre; margins dentate; beak promment, slightly curved, truncated by a round foramen ; deltidium elongated, bor- dered by a smooth space. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 5 les. Terebratula prominula, Remer, Rhein. Ueberg. p. 66. pl. 5. f. 3. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 100. Fossil. Devonian. Prussia. 93. WALDHEIMIA ? ULOTHRIX. Shell somewhat transverse, rounded, with 9-11 sharp radiating plaits; surface ornamented with wavy, concentric lnes, espe cially near the margin ; beak small, recurved ; aperture rounded ; area small, triangular, distinct. Lon. 6, lat. 72, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula crispata, Koninck, Descr. p. 292 (not Sow.). Terebratula ulothrix, Kon. 1844, id. pl. 19. f. 5, note. Terebratula subcrispata, D’ Orb. 1847, Prod. i. p. 151. Fossil. Carboniferous. Belgium. 94. WALDHEIMIA? TRILATERA. Shell small, triangular, elongated, laterally compressed, orna~ mented with 18-22 sharp radiating plaits, each valve with a medio-longitudinal depression ; beak short, acute, straight ; fora- men minute; area inconspicuous. Lon. 53, lat. 44, alt. 23 lines. Terebratula trilatera, Koninck, 1844, Deser. p. 292. pl. 19. f. 7. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 151. Fossil. Carboniferous. Belgium. e. Beak elongated ; valves ornamented with rounded ribs. Lyra. Lyra (Meadi), Cumberland, 1816, in Sow. Min. Con. Trigonosemus, Kenig, Icon. Sect. (part.) 1825. ? Rhynchora (costata), Dalman, 1828, Vetens. Acad. p. 136. Hisinger, Lethea Suecica. Terebratulz rostrate, Morris, 1846, Journ. Geol. Soc. p. 385. Rhynchoride, King, Permian Fossils, 81, 141. Terebrirostra (lyra), D’ Orbigny, 1848, Ann. Sc. Nat. Terr. Crét. iv. t. 519. Dav. 1852, Mon. Cret. p. 31. BRACHIOPODA. 83 95. WALDHEIMIA DAVIDSONIANA. Shell suborbicular, with a produced, tapering beak ; valves tri- lobed, ornamented with simple, radiating ribs, decussated by a few marked lines of growth; dorsal valve transverse, with a raised central lobe; ventral valve with a longitudinal furrow; hinge- line nearly as wide as the shell; area triangular ; foramen oval, small; deltidium elongated, triangular. Lon. 11, lat. 9, alt. 5 lines. Terebrirostra Davidsoniana, Ryckholt, 1852, Notice sur les genres Nautilus, §c., p. 10. £. 4-7. Fossil. U. Chalk. Ciply, Belgium. 96. WALDHEIMIA PECTINATA. j B.M. Shell oblong, ventricose, truncated posteriorly, ornamented with rugose, bifurcating ribs; margins toothed, not sinuous ; dorsal valve convex, with a wide and nearly straight hinge-line, furnished inside with a very wide cardinal process, and a short, prominent median septum; crura slender, contiguous; loop doubly attached? ; ventral valve deep, truncated by a very large foramen* ; area and deltidium nearly obsolete ; teeth at the angles of the hinge. Lon. 16, lat. 19, alt. 9 lines (Morris). Anomia pectinata, Linn. 1767, Syst. Nat. iii. p. 1150. Anomites costatus, Wahlenberg, 1821, Acta Upsal. viii. p. 62. t. 4. f, 12~14. Terebratula costata, Nilsson, Petref. Suec. p. 37. t. 3. f. 13. Rhynchora costata, Dalman, 1828, Vet. Acad. p. 136. Hisinger, Leth. Suec. t. 20. Terebratula lyra, (not Sow.), Dalman; Hisinger; Bronn ; Morris. Terebratula pectinata, L. Appendix to Morris’s Catalogue, p. 216. Fossil. U. Chalk. Sweden. 97. WALDHEIMIA LYRA, B.M. Shell lyre-shaped, straight or slightly curved, striato-costate ; beak about half as long as the shell, slender, tapering, truncated by a small, transversely oval foramen; deltidium narrow, as long as the beak, bordered on each side by a narrow flat area; dorsal valve oval, obtuse in front; ribs rounded, undulating, simple or bifurcating, or intercalary. Lon. 27, lat. 10, alt. 7 lines. _ * The umbones of both valves are worn, as if by contact with the rock, in all the examples in London cabinets (Woodward). 84 BRACHIOPODA. Lyra Meadi, Cumberland (1816) in Sowerby’s Min. Con. Terebratula lyra, Sowerby, 1816, Min. Con. ii. p. 87. t. 138. f. 2. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 255. Smith, Strata Identified, f. 3. Defr. Dict. Sc. Nat. liii. p. 160. pl. 62. f. 7. Desh. Ene. Méth. iii. p. 1029; in Lam. ed. 2. vii. p. 344. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. p- I 7d: pLAG aalye Dujardin, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. pl. 9. f. 5, 6. ; Trigonosemus lyra, Kénig, Icones, 1825, p.4. pl. 6. f. 76, 77. Bronn, Illust. Conch. pl. 49. f. 5-13. ‘ Terebrirostra Lyra, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. t. 519. f. 11-19; Prod. np 173. Davidson, Mon. Cret.p. 32. pl. 3. f. 17-28. Fossil. U. Greensand. England; France. 98. WALDHEIMIA ARDUENNENSIs. Shell elongated, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs dichotomous, nregular, wavy ; beak very long, often curved ; deltidium chan- nelled. Lon. 24, dorsal valve 13, lat. 8 lines. Terebrirostra Arduennensis, D’ Orbigny, 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p.128. t. 519. f. 6-10. Terebratula lyra, var. ? Fossil. Gault. France. 99. WALDHEIMIA BARGESANA. B.M. Shell lyre-shaped, ornamented with radiating, bifureating ribs ; dorsal valve oblong, slightly truncated and depressed in front ; beak moderately produced, tapering, with a very small, apical foramen ; area level, triangular; deltidium tapering, trilineate. Lon. 12, lat. 9, alt. 7 lines. Terebrirostra Bargesana, D’Orbigny, 1851, Journ. de Conch. ii. p. 225. pl. 4. f. 2-5. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pl. 14. f. 5. Fossil. Greensand. Santander, N. Spain. 100. WaLpHEIMIA NEOCOMIENSIS. Shell elongated, triangular, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs dichotcmous ; valves very unequal, the dorsal slightly convex, the ventral with a straight, tapering beak; foramen small; del- tidium elongated, triangular. Lon. 10 lines. BRACHIOPODA. 85 Terebrirostra neocomiensis, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 127. t. 519. f. 1-5; Prod. ii. p. 85. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 101. WALDHEIMIA ? LYRATA, B.M. Shell orbicular, with a prominent beak ; valves convex, orna- mented with nine radiating rounded ribs; dorsal valve circular ; beak produced, tapering, truncated by a minute foramen; area triangular, flat, sharply bordered; deltidium triangular, sunk. Lon. 4, lat. 34, alt. 24 lines. Terebratula lyrata, Miinster, 1841, Beitr. iv. p. 57. t. 6. f. 5. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 102. WaLpDHEIMIA ? HumMBoLDTII. B.M. Shell obovate, with nine radiating plaits, crossed by a few im- bricating lines of growth; middle sit smaller than the next ; dorsal valve transverse, depressed in the centre, indented in front; beak elongated, tapering, truncated by a small round foramen ; area triangular, flat, sharply bounded ; deltidium narrow, sunk, Hones plat." alt, lines. Spirifer Humboldtii, Kdipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 233. t. 15. f. 17. Terebratula lyrata (part. ?), Miinst. t. 6. f. 5 a,b? Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. 103. WALDHEIMIA? PROCERRIMA. B.M. Shell oval, with a long slender beak; valves ornamented with 12-13 radiating ribs; dorsal valve auriculate, with a small pro- minent umbo; central rib small, occupying a slight depression ; hinge-line short and straight ; beak elongated, tapering, curved, truncated by a minute foramen (or three foramina when broken) ; area long and narrow, sharply bounded. Lon. 5, lat. 3, alt. 24 lines. Spirifer procerrimus, KJipstein, 1844, Beitr. p. 233. pl. 15. f. 8. D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 204. Fossil. Trias. Tyrol. Tribe Il. MAGASINA. Shell smooth or radiately plaited; dorsal valve with a longi- tudinal depression ; hinge-lme straight, or only slightly curved; area usually distinct ; deltidium frequently incomplete ; loop at- tached to the septum of the dorsal valve (fig. 8). 86 BRACHIOPODA. Magas, Sow. Min. Conch. 1816, t. 119. Terebratula, § C, Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. lit. 145, 1828. Terebratulidee, § 2, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848, 11. 435. Wiegm. Arch. 1849, 98. Lovén, Arsh; 1848 and 1849, 213, & p. 8. sat Saag part., et Magaside, part., D’Orb. Ann. Sei. Nat. 1847. Terebratula, Retzius, Gen. Mr. James Sowerby the elder gives a “ partial longitudinal septum with appendages attached to the hinge within,” as the character of the genus Magas, which is that of the whole tribe. He first pointed out the advantage of studying the internal ap- paratus, and observed in 1816, “ It is much to be wished that some person would publish an account of the curious internal appendages of these shells.””— Mineral Conch. t. 119. M. de{Blainville in 1828 (Dict. Sci. Nat. lii. 145) used the form of the internal apparatus to divide the Terebratule into six divisions. Section A. “Gripus, Megerle” = Terebratulinina. B. = Terebratella. C. = Terebratulinina. D. = Megerlia. E.= Bouchardia. F. = Argiope. The genera into which the Magasina have been divided depend chiefly on modifications of the internal skeleton ; these do not always correspond with the peculiarities of external form, or the character of the foramen and deltidium. 4, TEREBRATELLA. Loop elongated, reflected, doubly attached ;—to the hinge- plate, and also to the longitudinal septum by processes given off at mght angles from the crura, near the centre of the valve. Terebratella (chilensis), D’Orb. 1848, Ann. Sc. Nat. vii. 67. King, 1849, Permian Fossils, 81, 144. Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 366; Mon. Cret. p. 24. Terebratule loricate, Buch, 1834, tiber Terebrateln. Quenstedt, Handb. p. 463. Terebratula (dorsata), Retzius. Terebratella (dorsata), D’Orbigny, Paleont. France. Delthyris (dorsata), Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 96. om ee ee a ee BRACHIOPODA. 87 Fig. 8. Dorsal valve of Terebratella dorsata. 1. TEREBRATELLA DORSATA. B.M. Shell broadly ovate, somewhat trilobed, whitish, radiately ridged, the lateral ridges more oblique than the mesial; margins denticulate ; dorsal valve with a broad and shallow central de- pression ; beak short ; foramen very large, incomplete ; deltidia small, triangular, separate; hinge-area large, rather flattened ; loop elongated, reflected, attached to a central septum. Lon. 14, lat. 14, alt. 6 lines. Anomia dorsata, Gmelin, 1788, S. N. 3348. Dillwyn, R. 8. i. p. 295. Anomia striata Magellanica, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. viii. p- 101. t. 70.40'710,°71 1. Terebratula, Lamk. E. M. t. 242. f. 1. D’ Avila, i. t. 20. f. A. Da Costa, Elem. t. 6. f. 7. Terebratula dorsata, Schum. N. S. p. 133. Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 331. Blainv. Man. Malac. t. 51. f. 1; D. S.N. liii. p. 137, 145. Sow. Gen. Shells, f. 3; Thes. Conch. viii. p- 346. t. 68. f. 15, 16, 17. Kiister, Conch. Cab. vii. p. 22. t. 1. f. 17; t. 2. f. 14, 15. Delthyris dorsata, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 96. Hab. Straits of Magellan. 2. TEREBRATELLA FLEXUOSA. BM. Shell wider than long, somewhat pentagonal, rather gibbous, pale brown, with prominent, bifureating, radiated ridges ; mar- gins sinuated and denticulated; dorsal valve with a broad, indi- stinct mesial groove ; ventral valve with a short beak and a wide, flattened hinge-area ; foramen large, incomplete; deltidia small, separate; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 15, lat. 16 lines. Terebratula flexuosa, King, Zool. Journ. v. p- 337. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 347. t. 69. f. 23, 24. Hab. Straits of Magellan. 88 BRACHIOPODA. ‘ 3. TEREBRATELLA CHILENSIS. Shell transversely oval, slightly gibbous, pale brown, with ra- diating ridges; margins crenulated ; dorsal valve with a smooth, wide and shallow longitudinal groove in the centre ; beak obtuse; hinge-area large and flattened ; foramen large, incomplete; del- tidia moderate, separate; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 14, lat. 16 lines. Terebratula Chilensis, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 134. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 347. t. 68. f. 18, 19. Terebratella Chilensis, D’Orb. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848, viii. p. 67. Eon, Lc. King, Permian Fossils, p. 81, 1850. Hab. Valparaiso, at 90 fathoms. 4, TEREBRATELLA SOVERBII. B.M. Shell rounded, trilobed, rusty brown, with obscure radiating ribs ; margins sinuated in front; dorsal valve with a broad, lon- gitudinal, central depression ; hinge-area large and flattened ; foramen large and incomplete; deltidia small, disunited; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 17, lat. 17, alt. _ lines. Terebratula Soverbii, King, Zool. Journ. vy. p. 338. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 348. t. 68. f. 20, 21, 22. Terebratella Soverbii, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 367. Hab. Straits of Magellan. 5, TEREBRATELLA COREANICA. B.M. Shell quadrangular, smooth, pale brown with crimson rays ; beak obtuse, with lateral ridges; hinge-area large; foramen large, complete; deltidia united; dorsal valve flattish; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 13, lat. 133 lines. Terebratula Coreanica, Adams & Reeve, 1850, Zool. Samarang, p- 71. pl. 21. f. 3. Terebratella Coreanica, Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 367. Hab. Corean Archipelago. 6. TeREBRATELLA BoucHARDII. Shell suborbicular, smooth, of a uniform light yellow colour ; beak produced, recurved, furnished with lateral ridges, and trun- cated by a large, circular and entire foramen; deltidia united ; hinge-area slightly concave ; dorsal valve depressed in the centre in front; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 14, lat. 13, alt. 8 lines. Terebratella Bouchardii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p- 367; Proe. Zool. Soc. p. .pl. .f. 4-6. Hab. 2 (Mus. Cuming.) ee ee eed BRACHIOPODA. 89 7. TEREBRATELLA RUBICUNDA. B.M. Shell rounded, trilobed, gibbous, smooth, yellow-red, deeper at the lines of growth; margins sinuated in front; dorsal tive with a central, longitudinal furrow ; beak rather produced, blunt ; foramen large, nearly complete ; deltidia large, separate; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 12, lat. 11 lines. Anomia rubicunda, Solander MSS. Mus. Banks. Terebratula rubicunda, Donovan, Nat. Repos. t. 56. f. 2-4. G. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 351. t. 70. £. 45-47. Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 367. Terebratula inconspicua, G. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 359. t. 71. f. 102-104. Hab. New Zealand. 8. TEREBRATELLA CRUENTA. B.M. Shell rounded, veutricose, ornamented with radiating, dicho- tomous ribs, orange-red, deepest at the lines of growth ; margins crenulated ; dorsal valve with a central, longitudinal depression ; beak somewhat produced, lateral ridges distinct; area large, rounded ; foramen large, complete ; deltidium large ; loop elon- gated, doubly attached. Lon. 18, lat. 19, alt. 12 lines. Lampas sanguineus, Humph. Calonne Cat. (not described). Anomia sanguinea, Solander MSS. (Humph. Cat.) (not Chemnitz). Terebratula sanguinea, Leach, Zool. Misc. t. 76. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 243. Donovan, Nat. Repos. t. 34. Anomia cruenta, Dillw. Syn. p. 295, 1817. Terebratula rubra, Sow. Thes. Conch. pl. 68. f. 9-11. Terebratula Zelandica, Deshayes, 1830, Mag. Zool. 1841, t. 42. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 361. t. 72. f. 111-113. Terebratella Zelandica, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 367. Hab. Cook’s Straits, New Zealand, in 15 fathoms. 9. TEREBRATELLA TRANSVERSA. Shell transversely ovate, thin, smooth, slightly wrinkled by lines of growth, pale horn-colour; margins flexuous; dorsal valve deeply depressed in the centre in front ; ventral valve with an obtuse beak, perforated by a large, incomplete foramen; area wide and fiattened; deltidia small, distant; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 14, lat. 17 lines. Terebratula transversa, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p. 361. t.72. f. 114, 115. Terebratella transversa, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 368. Hab. ——? (Cab. Mr. Norris.) 90 BRACHIOPODA. 10. TEREBRATELLA RUBELLA. Shell oval, pointed at the beak and truncated in front, smooth, red-yellow, with diverging rays of bright red; dorsal valve with a slight central depression im front ; beak recurved ; hinge-area narrow; foramen small; deltidia large, united ; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 10, lat. 8, alt. 5 les. Terebratula rubella, G. Sowerby, 1846, Thes. Conch. vii. Mi 350. pl. 69. f. 10-12. Terebratella rubella, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852. Hab. Japan. (Mus. Norris, Cuming.) 11. TEREBRATELLA SANGUINEA. Shell suborbicular, slightly notched in front, pale yellowish, with bright red, spotted rays; margins slightly smuated in front; dorsal valve rather depressed in front ; beak short, rather pointed, with well-defined lateral ridges ; perforation moderate, complete ; deltidia rather large, united; area broad and well defined; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 5, lat. 53, alt. 2 lines. Anomia sanguinea, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. viii. p. 96. t. 78. f. 706. Dillwyn, R. S. p. 293, 1817. Anomia sanguinolenta, Gmelin, S. N. p. 3347. Terebratula sanguinea, Sow. Thes. Conch. Vil. Py OD/o bead he F715 73. Anomia cruenta, Solander MS. in Mus. Banks. Terebratula cruenta, Donovan, Nat. Repos. t. 56. f. 1. Terebratula erythroleuca, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol. i. p. 557. i Bo; 4.8, 9. Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 350, Terebratella sanguinea, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 368. Hab. Philippines, attached to coral. 12. TEREBRATELLA FRONTALIS. “ Shell suborbicular, rather solid, caleareous, rough, with irre- gular lines of growth and tessellated with microscopic dots, dirty yellowish ; valves equally convex ; marginal line straightish, en- tire ; ventral valve produced posteriorly, slightly recurved, widely truncated by a large foramen, cardinal area narrow ; dorsal valve suborbicular or transversely oval, without any median furrow ; loop elongated, doubly attached.” Terebratula frontalis, Middendorff, 1849, Malac. Rossica, ii. p- 518 (Mém. Acad. Petersh. Sc. Nat. vi.). Hab. S. coasts of Sea of Ochotsk. BRACHIOPODA. 9) 13. TeEREBRATELLA LABRADORENSIS. B.M. Shell ovate, produced at the beak, whitish, with obscure radia- ting ribs; dorsal valve nearly orbicular, flattish ; ventral valve with a prominent beak, perforated by a large, entire foramen ; deltidium rather large ; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 7, lat. 6, alt. lines. Terebratula Labradorensis, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p. 362. t. 71. f. 89, 90. Terebratella Labradorensis, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 368. Hab. Labrador (Goodsir). 14. TEREBRATELLA SPITZBERGENSIS. Shell small, oval, elongated, smooth, pale horn-colour ; valves almost equally convex, margins even ; dorsal valve slightly de- ressed in front; beak produced, recurved, obscurely keeled ; oramen moderate, incomplete ; deltidium of two distinct elon- gated plates ; loop elongated, reflected, attached near the extre- mity of the prominent central septum. Lon. 4, lat. 3, alt. 2 lines. Terebratella Spitzbergensis, Davidson, 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. Hab. Spitzbergen. (Mus. Cuming.) 15. TEREBRATELLA PUSILLA. Shell small, thin, nearly circular, depressed, smooth; area large ; foramen large, incomplete; deltidia rudimentary. Lon. and lat. 23, alt. 1 line. Terebratula pusilla, Philippi, 1844, Foss. Tert. Allem. p. 17. pl.2. f. 15 Terebratella pusilla, D’Orb. Prod. iii. p. 134. Fossil. Miocene. Cassel. 16. TEREBRATELLA SAyI. B.M. Shell orbicular, depressed, ornamented with about eleven ra- diating plaits, crossed by a few conspicuous lines of growth near the margin; plaits strong, sometimes plicated near the edge ; dorsal valve rather flat ; ventral convex; beak scarcely prominent; area smal] and flat ; foramen small, incomplete; deltidium rudi- mentary. Lon. 9, lat. 9, alt. 5 lines. Terebratula Sayi, Morton, 1829, Journ. Philad. p.76. pl. 3. f. 5, 6; 1834, Syn. Cret. Group, p. 71. pl. 3. f. 3, 4. Terebratula plicata, Say, 1830, Amer. Journ. ii. p. 43. Terebratella plicata, D’Orb. Prod. ii, p. 259. Fossil. Chalk. New Jersey, U.S. 92 BRACHIOPODA. 17. TEREBRATELLA VANUXEMIANA. Shell suborbicular, ornamented with unequal radiating ribs ; each valve with a central furrow, bordered by more prominent ribs; beak not prominent; area widely triangular; foramen large; deltidium mcomplete. Lon. 8, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Vanuxemiana, Forbes, 1844, Proc. Geol. Soc. p. 308 (figured). Terebratella Vanuxemiana, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 259. Fossil. Chalk. New Jersey, U.S. 18. 2? TEREBRATELLA PARISIENSIS. Shell small, round, very inequivalve, ornamented with broad, keeled, dichotomising ribs. Terebratella Parisiensis, D’ Orbigny, 1850, Prod. ii. p. 259. Fossil. Chalk. France. 19. TEREBRATELLA SPATHULATA. B.M. Shell smooth, with concentric lines of growth; ventral valve semicircular, strongly curved, truncated at the hinge-line, toothed at the angles; dorsal valve nearly flat, smooth, oblong, rounded in front; hinge-line straight, as wide as the shell; dental sockets at the angles of the hinge-line; cardinal process obtuse; hinge- plate broad, divided into four concave spaces ; median septum narrow ; loop (indicated at the hinge and septum) doubly at- tached. Lon. 10-15, lat. 10-12, alt. 8-10 lines. Anomites spathulatus, Wahlenberg, 1821, Act. Ups. viii. p. 62. t.4.4. 10; 11. Terebratula spathulata, Nilsson, Petr. Suec. p. 35. t. 3. f. 15. Bronn, Index, p. 1251. Rhynchora spathulata, Dalman, 1828, Vet. Akad. p. 136. Hisinger, Leth. Suecica, t. 20. Fossil. Chalk. Sweden; Belgium. 20. TEREBRATELLA DAVIDSONIANA. B.M. Shell wedge-shaped, semicircular, truncated at the hinge-line ; surface ornamented with lines of growth and radiated with pro- minent punctations ; dorsal valve flat, with a narrow mesial fold ; hinge-line straight, bordered by a plate with four cavities (for the pedicel-muscle) and with a small dental pit at each angle ; a single prominent septum in the middle: ventral valve a simple bent plate, with a narrow mesial groove externally, a slight mus- cular ridge inside, and a tooth at each angle of the hinge-line. Lon. 4, lat. 6 lines. BRACHIOPODA, 93 Rhynchora Davidsoniana, Koninck MS. ? Rhynchora minima, id. Fossil. Chalk. Ciply, Belgium. 21. TEREBRATELLA PECTITA. Shell subcircular, or somewhat pentagonal, plicato-striated ; strie 30-60, increasing by intercalation; dorsal valve slightly convex, longitudinally depressed in the centre in front; hinge- line nearly as wide as the shell, almost straight ; area distinct, flat, triangular ; foramen moderate ; deltidium double. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 6 lines. Terebratula pectita, Sow. Min. Con. 1818, ii. p. 87. t. 138. f. 1. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 255. no. 46; ed. 2. vii. p. 343. Brongn. Env. Paris, pl. 9. f. 3. Defr. Dict. Sc. Nat. liu. p. 159. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ui. p. 168. pl. 16. f. 12. Remer, Kreid. p. 40. Terebratula pectinata, Smith, Strata identified, 1816, f. 4. Terebratella pectita, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 120. t. 517. f. 16-20. Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 26. pl. 3. f. 29-33. Fossil. U. Greensand. England; France. 22. TEREBRATELLA VERNEUILLIANA. B.M. Shell circular, ornamented with about 15 unequal, sharp, radiating plaits; valves nearly equally convex; beak scarcely curved ; area short, wide and flat; foramen large, circular; del- tidium complete, double. Lon. 6, lat. 63, alt. 3 lines. Terebratella Verneuilliana, Davidson, April 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. pl. 14. f. 4. Fossil. Greensand. Santander. 93. TEREBRATELLA CANALICULATA. B.M. Shell ovoid, ornamented with 12-14 radiating and bifureating plaits ; dorsal valve semicircular, convex ; ventral valve produced ito a long straight beak, truncated by a large foramen; area large and flat; deltidium elongated; loop reflected and doubly attached. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 25 lines. Terebratula canaliculata, Remer, 1840, Kreid. p. 41. no. 30. pl. 7. fF. D’ Archiac, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2nd ser. ii. p. 331. pl. 21. £. Ab: Terebratella canaliculata, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173. Terebrirostra canaliculata, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173. Fossil. U. Greensand. Westphalia; Belgium. 94 BRACHIOPODA. 24. TEREBRATELLA CARANTONENSIS. Shell orbicular, depressed, ribbed ; ribs fine (about 58), radiating, dichotomous; ventral valve with a slight dorsal fur- row ; area wide, foramen minute. Lon. 14, lat. 14, alt. 6 lines. Terebratella Carantonensis, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 122. t. 518. f. 1-4. Fossil. U. Greensand. France. 25. TEREBRATELLA MoREANA. Sheil transversely ovate, depressed, radiately ribbed; ribs 10, wide, nearly simple, angular ; ventral valve convex, with a dee central furrow ; area wide, foramen small, deltidium large, double: dorsal valve rather flat. Lon. 6, lat. 6, alt. 3 lines. Terebratella Moreana, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Creét. iv. p. 117. t. 516. f. 13-19: Fossil. Gault. France. 26. TEREBRATELLA MENARDI. B.M. Shell subcircular, trilobed, truncated or obtusely angular at the beak ; valves ornamented with sharp, bifurcating plaits, about 6 or 7 on the mesial fold and 6-12 on each side, decussated by close imbricating lines of growth; area triangular, well defined ; foramen large ; deltidium small, indented ; cardial fulcrum pro- minent. Lon. 63, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula Menardi, Valenciennes, 1819, mm Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. p. 256. no. 50. Defr. Dict. Se. Nat. lin. p. 160. Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iu. pl. 17. f. 6. Morris, 1846, Journ. Geol. Soc. p. 384. f. 2. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 14. f. 50. Terebratella Menardi, D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. t. 517. f. 1-15. Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 24. pl. 3. £. 34-42. Terebratula truncata, Sow. 1829, Min. Con. vi. p. 71. t. 537. f. 3 (not Lam.). a Forbes, Journ. Geol. Soc. 1845, p. 346. Austen, Journ. Geol. Soc. vi. p. 454. Terebratella Astieriana, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 116. pl. 516. f. 6-12. Fossil. U. Greensand; Neocomian. England; France. 27. TEREBRATELLA NEOCOMIENSIS. Shell orbicular, depressed, radiately ribbed ; ribs wide, oblique, dichotomous ; valves nearly equal; beak small, curved, laterally ——————— — BRACHIOPODA. 95 keeled ; foramen small, complete; deltidium double. Lon. 11, lat. 10, alt. 4 lines. Terebratella neocomiensis, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 115. t. 516, f. 1-5. Fossil. Neocomian. France. 28. TEREBRATELLA PECTUNCULOIDES. BM. Shell suborbicular, with seven broad and sharp radiating plaits ; surface ornamented with lines more acutely angulated than the lines of growth, which are regular and distinct, especially near the margin ; margins deeply dentated ; beak short, truncated by a large round foramen; deltidium incomplete ; area sharply bordered; loop elongated, doubly attached. Lon. 8, lat. 8, alt. 5 lines. Terebratulites pectunculoides, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 271. Terebratula ro Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. p. 179. itl WV al & 2 Quenst. Handb. p. 464. pl. 37. f. 24, 25. Terebratula tegulata, Schl. Petr. p. 269. Zieten, Verst. Wiirt. p. 58. pl. 43. f. 4. Terebratula plicata, Bors. 1825, Mem. Tor. xxix. p. 299. t. 1. f. 17 (not Lam.). Fossil. Coral Rag. Germany. 29, TEREBRATELLA LORICATA. B.M. Shell trilobed, radiately plaited; plaits numerous, unequal, fasciculated, imbricated by numerous lines of growth; mesial lobe prominent; hinge-line as wide as the shell; beak mode- rately prominent, truncated by a large foramen ; area flat, sharply bordered ; deltidium incomplete. Lon. 5, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines. Terebratulites loricatus, Schlotheim, 1820, Petr. p. 270. Terebratula loricata, Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. p. 183. pl. 17.£.5. Quenst. Handb. p. 464. pl. 37. f. 19. Terebratula truncata, Zieten, Verst. Wiirt. p. 58. pl. 43. f. 6 (not Sow.). Fossil. Coral Rag. Germany. 30. TEREBRATELLA SUBPENTAGONA. Shell subquadrate, ornamented with 10-11 radiating plaits ; dorsal valve flattened, slightly depressed in front; front trun- cated; hinge-line wide and rather straight; beak short and wide; area flat; foramen small; deltidium double, complete. Lon. 73, lat. 6, alt. 4 lines. 96 BRACHIOPODA. Terebratella subpentagona, Koch, 1837, Beitr. zur Kenn. Ool. p- 2). pl. 1 ie: D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 221. Fossil. Lower Lias. Germany. 5. TRIGONOSEMUS. Shell plaited, beak produced, curved, with a narrow apical fcramen ; area large, triangular, flat, marked by the outline of the flat deltidium ; cardinal process very prominent. Trigonosemus (elegans), Konig, 1822, Icones Foss. p. 3. f. 73. Davidson, 1852, Mon. Cret. p. 28. Delthyridza (pectiniformis), M‘Coy, 1845, Griffith’s Irish Carb. Fossils (unpublished). Fissurirostra (recurva), D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. iv. p. 133. t.520; Ann. Se. Nat. 1848. Fissirostra, D’Orb. 1849, Cours Elem. Paleont. p. 89. 1. TRIGONOSEMUS ELEGANS. B.M. Sheil oval, striato-costate ; striae 30-40, often intercalated ; dorsal valve slightly convex, longitudinally depressed in front ; beak much produced, rather recurved ; area very large, trian- gular, nearly flat ; foramen small and narrow, apical; loop elon- gated, reflected, doubly attached; cardinal process very promi- nent. Lon. 1], lat. 9, alt. 5 lines. Trigonosemus elegans, Konig, 1825, Icones Foss. p. 3. pl. 6. aw EB Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 29. pl. 4. f. 1-4. Terebratula elegans, Defr. 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. lin. p. 157. Terebratula recurva, id. p. 161. Fissurirostra recurva, elegans, et pectita, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 133-136. t. 520. Fossil. Chalk. England (Norwich); Belgium (Ciply); France. 2. TRIGONOSEMUS PECTINIFORMIS. B.M. Shell trapezoidal, depressed, radiately ribbed; ribs straight, dichotomous ; ventral valve elevated in the middle, depressed at the sides ; beak recurved ; area nearly as wide as the shell, deep, sharply margined; deltidium triangular, fat; foramen minute, apical ; dorsal valve triangular, depressed in the centre ; cardinal process prominent ; loop elongated, reflected, doubly attached. Lon. 6, lat. 6, alt. 3 lines. Terebratulites pectiniformis, Schlotheim, 1813, Taschb.vii. p. 113. A — BRACHIOPODA. 97 Terebratula pectiniformis, Buch, Ter. p. 65. t. 3. f. 31. Bronn, Leth. p. 652. t. 30. f. 5. Remer, Kreid, p. 41. Quenst. Handb. p. 463. t. 37. f. 14 (not 12, 13). Terebratula Hilseana, Remer, Ool. ii. p. 20. t. 18. f.9; Kr. p.41. Fossil. U. Chalk. Maestricht. 3. TRIGONOSEMUs PALissil. B.M. Shell orbicular, depressed, radiately plaited ; plaits numerous, intercalating ; margins crenulated ; dorsal valve slightly concave, sinuated in front; hinge-line curved, narrower than the shell ; cardinal process prominent; loop doubly attached ; ventral valve convex ; beak prominent, curved, with a minute apical foramen ; hinge-arealarge, triangular, concave, sharply bordered; deltidium large, triangular, flat. Lon. 74, lat. 7, alt. 3 lines. Terebratella Palissii, Woodward, 1852, Mus. Brit. Trigonosemus pulchellus (not Nilsson), Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 15. f. 4 (incorrect). Terebratula pulchella (part.), Quenst. Handb. t. 37. f. 12, 132 Fossil. Upper Chalk. Ciply, Belgium. 4. TRIGONOSEMUS PULCHELLUS. B.M. Shell suborbicular, depressed, radiately plaited ; plaits inter- calating ; dorsal valve slightly concave, truncated at the hinge- line ; ventral valve convex, with a prominent, incurved and sharp- edged beak; hinge-area large, triangular, concave; foramen apical, minute; deltidium large, triangular, flat; loop elongated, re- flected, attached to a septum which reaches the opposite valve. Lon. 7, lat. 6, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula pulchella, Nilsson, 1827, Petref. Sues. p- 36. pl. 3. f. 14. Remer, Kreid. p. 41. Dalman, Vet. Akad. p. 138. Fossil. Upper Chalk. Sweden. 5. TRIGONOSEMUS INCERTUS. Shell elongated, oval, striated; valves almost equally convex ; beak produced, rounded, moderately recurved; area triangular, nearly flat, short; foramen small, oval; deltidium bordering a small portion of the foramen; strie about 34, frequently intercalated, and decussated by numerous, fine, concentric lines of growth. Lon. 44, lat. 4, alt. 23 lines. Trigonosemus incertus, Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 31. pl. 4. f. 5. Fossil. Lower Chalk (Craie chloritée). Chard, Somerset. F 98 BRACHIOPODA. 6. MAGAS. Shell with a reflected loop attached near the bend to a very prominent central septum (figs. 9-12). Magas, Sowerby, 1816, Min. Con. ii. p. 39. t. 119. Dav. 1852, Mon. Cret. p. 19; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 371. D?’ Orb. Ter. Crét. 1847, iv. p. 54. Terebratule spiriferine (part.), Quenst. Handb. p. 476. Terebratula, E. 1, Blainv. Man. Malac. p. 512. Figs. 9 & 10. Magas pumila. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 9.—Interior of dorsal valve. Fig. 10.—Section of both valves: s. septum; Z. loop ; 0. oral processes. Figs. 11 & 12. Magas Evansii. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 11.—Section of dorsal valve. Fig. 12.—Front view of interior. | In M. pumila the reflected portions of the loop are not united, and the deltidium consists of two narrow plates bordermg the angular foramen. 1, MAGAS CRENULATA. Shell suborbicular, pale horn-colour, with radiating ribs ; mar- gins crenulated ; beak short, slightly reflected ; hinge-area large and flattened; foramen large, nearly complete; deltidia large, BRACHIOPODA. 99 separate ; dorsal valve depressed in the centre; loop elongated, doubly attached ; central septum more or less elevated, some- times touching the opposite valve. Lon. 7, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratula crenulata, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p. 358. t.7 1. f. 96; 97, 98. Terebratella crenulata, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 368. Hab. Santa Cruz. 2. Macas EvansIl. Shell subovate, with a few unequal, bifurcating ribs, pale red ; beak tapering, slightly recurved, with well-defined lateral ridges; foramen incomplete ; deltidia small; area flattened ; dorsal valve rather flat; loop elongated, doubly attached ; septum produced, nearly touching the opposite valve. Lon. 4, lat. 33, alt. 14 lines (figs. 11, 12). Terebratella Evansii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 368 ; Proc. Zool. Soc.p. .pl. .f. 7-9. Hab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.) 3. Macas CuMINGII. Sheil oval, thick, smooth, white, slightly tinged with red ; beak produced, tapering, slightly curved, grooved to the summit ; area triangular, concave; deltidium obsolete; dorsal valve with a prominent muscular fulcrum; loop doubly attached; septum elevated, reaching the ventral valve. Lon. 5, lat. 4, alt. 23 lines. Terebratella Cumingii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 368 ; Proc. Zool. Soc.p. .pl._ .f. 10-16. Hab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.) * 4, MAGAS PUMILA. BM. Shell oval, smooth, ornamented with radiating coloured bands; dorsal valve nearly flat, or slightly concave ; ventral valve deep, with a well-defined hinge-area ; beak recurved ; foramen minute ; deltidium rudimentary. Lon. 4, lat. 3, alt. lines (figs. 9, 10). Magas pumila, Sowerby, 1818, Min. Con. ii. p. 40. t. 119. f. 1-5. Park. Org. Rem. p. 227. pl. 7. f. 14. Brongn. Env. Paris, pl. 4. f. 9. Defr. Dict. Sc. Nat. xxviii. p. 13. f. 1. Bronn, Leth. Geog. p. 662. pl. 30. f. 1. D’Orb. in Murch. Russia, ii. p. 495. pl. 43. f. 27-380; Ter. Crét. iv. p. 54. pl. 501. Bouchard & Dav. Bull. Soc. Géol. France, y. 2nd ser. p. 139. pl. 2. f. 1-11. F2 100 BRACHIOPODA. Magas pumila, Sow. Thes. vii. p. 62. pl. 1. f. 7-9. Daw. Ann. Nat. Hist. y. pl. 15. f. 2, 1850. Quenst. Handb. p. 476. t. 38. f. 15. Magas truncata, Rose, in Woodw. Geol. Norf. t. 6. f. 9. Magas magna et punctata, Woodw. Synopt. Table, p. 22. mete i concava, Lamarck, 1819, An. sans Vert. vi. p. 251. no. 26. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. v. June 1850. Desh. Lam. ed. 2. vii. no. 26. Terebratula (G.) magas, Blainv. Man. Malac. p. 512. t. 54. f. 1, 1825 Terebratula pumila, Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, iii. 1st ser. p- 216. pl. 19. f. 5. Fossil. Chalk. England; Belgium; France; Russia. 5. MAGAS ORTHIFORMIS. Shell semicircular, wedge-shaped, depressed, ornamented with obscure, unequal radiating plaits, crossed by distinct lines of growth; hinge-line straight, nearly as wide as the shell; dorsal valve flat; ventral valve convex, truncated at the beak; area flat; foramen a wide, angular notch, bored by the deltidia. Lon. 4, lat. 44, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula orthiformis, D’Archiac, 1847, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2 ser. p. 333. pl. 22. f. 4. Terebratella orthiformis, D’Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173. Orthis millepunctata, Koninck. Magas orthiformis, Dav. Monogr. Cret. Brach. p. 22. Fossil. U. Greensand. Belgium. . 7. BOUCHARDIA. Shell with a minute foramen at the apex of the beak ; delti- dium solid; apophysis anchor-shaped, the central septum being furnished with two short lamelle. Terebratula, § E, Blainv. D. S. N. iii. 145, 1828. Bouchardia (rosea), Davidson, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1849; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 372. King, Permian Fossils, p. 81, 1850. BRACHIOPODA, 10] Bouchardia tulipa. Fig. 14. Fig. 13.—Interior of dorsal valve: j. cardinal process ; p. hinge-plate; J. loop ; Ss. septum, Fig. 14.—Interior of ventral valve: f. foramen; ¢. teeth; «, adductor scar ; p. peduncle scars ; r. retractor scars. The great muscular impressions in Producta, which correspond to these retractor scars, have been mistaken for points of attach- ment of the peduncle. 1. BoucHARDIA TULIPA. B.M. Shell oblong-oval, rather depressed, thick, smooth, pale rose- red, with darker rays; margins even; beak rather produced, straight; perforation very small, entire ; hinge-area rather wide ; deltidia united; dorsal valve oval, flattish; cardinal fulerum (figs. 13, 14). Terebratula tulipa, Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. liii. 144, 1828. Terebratula rosea, Mawe, Introd. Conch. t. .f. . Sow. Gen. f. 4; Thes. Conch. vii. p. 357. t. 71. f. 74-77. Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 350. King, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xviii. 34. 38. 1846. Pachyrhynchus roseus, King, Permian Fossils, p. 70. Bouchardia rosea, Davidson, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1849, pl. 1. f. 1-6. King, Permian Fossils, p. 81. Hab. Brazil (Rio, 13 fathoms, J. M‘Gillivray). 7* WALTONIA? Shell oval, smooth, punctate; valves convex ; margins si- nuated ; beak truncated by a large, incomplete foramen ; deltidia separate ; loop reduced to two simple lamelle, furnished with oral processes, and attached to a prominent central septum. Waltonia (Valenciennii), Dav. 1850, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. p. 475 : 1852, p. 372. 102 BRACHIOPODA. Waltonia differs from Terebratella in wanting the reflected portion of the loop; it may, possibly, have been broken away ; only one minute specimen is known. 1. WALTONIA VALENCIENNII. Shell small, oval, red, smooth, with the margin fimbriated, the plaits radiating in front, diverging at the sides; dorsal valve nearly flat; ventral valve convex ; 3 beak prominent ; foramen large and incomplete ; deltidia disunited. Lon. 23, lat. 2, alt. 1 line. Waltonia Valenciennii, Davidson, 1850, Ann. Nat. Hist. pl. 15. fis Lops, p. 370. Hab. New Zealand (Mus. Paris). 8. MEGERLIA. Shell transversely oblong, with a wide and rather straight hinge-line ; area distinct ; foramen incomplete ; loop rather short, reflected, triply attached,—once to the hinge-plate, and twice to the septum, by processes from the crura and also from the re- flected portion of the loop (fig. 16). Terebratula, § D, Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. li. 145, 1828. Megerlia (truncata), King, 1850, Permian Fossils, 81. 145. ” Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 369. Ismenia (pectunculus), King, Perm. Foss. 81. 142, 1850. Orthis, sp., Philippi, Moll. Sicil. Kingena (lima), Davidson, 1852, Mon. Cret. p. 41. f. 5, 6. Terebratule expanse, Morris, 1846, Journ. Geol. Soc. p. 385. Terebratule annulifere (part.), Quenst. Handb. p. 462. Megerlia truncata. Fig. 15.—Interior of dorsal valve with the animal. g Fig. 16.—Ditto, showing the loop. BRACHIOPODA. 103 The Megerli@ often resemble Argiope in shape, and in having corresponding ribs; the denticulation of the internal margin of the ba in some species may be compared with the larger mar- ginal processes of the latter genus. * Loop doubly attached. Megerlia. 1. MEGERLIA TRUNCATA. B.M. Shell transversely oblong, or suborbicular, with a long straight hinge-line, horn-coloured, with very fine radiating striz ; beak truncated ; hinge-area flat and wide ; foramen large, incomplete ; deltidia minute, separate; dorsal valve nearly flat, slightly de- pressed in front ; interior of both valves spinulose ; loop short, doubly attached, and giving off from its reflected portion two ad- ditional processes to the central septum. Lon. 6, lat. 9 lines (figs. 15, 16). List. Conch. t. 462. f. 23. Anomia truneata, Linn. S. N. 1152. Born, Mus. 118. t. 6. f. 14. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vii. 90. t. 77. f. 701. Gmelin, S. N. 3343. Dillw. R. S. i. p. 292. Poli, Test. Sicil. p. 191. t. 30. f. 16, 17. Pallas, Misc. Zool. t. Terebratula, Lamk. E. M. t. 243. f. 2. Terebratula truncata, Retz. Nov. Gen. p. 14. Lamk. Hist. vi. p. 247; ed. 2. vii. p. 333. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 354. t. 71. f. 64-67. De Buch, Mem. p. 66. Blainv. D. S. N. tii. p. 139. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 95. t. 6. f. 12. Quenst. Handb. p. 462. t. 37. f. 10. Terebratella truncata, D’Orb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1848, viu. p. 66. tupote bine, 165.37. Terebratula monstrosa, Scacchi, Oss. Zool. ii. p. 1. Anomia disculus, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 184. t. 14. f. 1 (1766). Terebratula (D.) disculus, Blainv. D. S. N. li. p. 138. Orthis truncata, Philippi, Sicil. ui. p. 69. Megerlia truncata, King, 1850, Permian Fossils, 81. 145. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 369. Terebratula oblita, Michelotti, Brach. p. 4. Orthis oblita, Mich. Faun. Mioc. pl. 2. f. 21. 104 BRACHIOPODA. Megathyris oblita, D’Orb. 1852, Prod. iii. p. 134. Hab. Mediterranean, on corals, at 60-105 fathoms. Fossil. Miocene. Turin; Gibraltar; Malta. Terebratula irregularis, Blainv. D. S. N. liti. 140=? Terebratula ostracea, Blainv.D.S. N. liii. 145, is perhaps a variety. ** Loop trebly attached. Ismenia. 2. MEGERLIA PULCHELLA. Shell oval, pointed at the beak, smooth, whitish, with a few radiating red lines; margins rather flexuous ; foramen large, in- complete ; deltidia small, separate; area indistinct ; dorsal valve pened loop small, trebly attached. Lon. 3, lat. 2, alt. 1 e. Terebratula pulchella, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p- 360. pl. 71. f. 105-107. Megerlia pulchella, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 369. Hab. Philippines; Cocos Island. 3. MEGERLIA PECTUNCULUS. B.M. Shell pentagonal, with seven corresponding ribs to each valve ; ribs unequal, projecting beyond the margin, four large and three intermediate smaller; both ribs and interspaces ornamented with regular squamose lines of growth; margins even; beak short, truncated by a large foramen ; deltidium incomplete ; loop small, trebly attached. Lon. 6, lat. 7, alt. 4 lines. Terebratulites pectunculus, Schlotheim, 1820, p.2/2. Terebratula pectunculus, Buch, Mém. Soc. Géol. Fr. iii. p. 188. PRO ay a es Quenst. Handb. p. 466. t. 37. f. 23, 25. Terebratella pectunculus, D’ Orb. Prod. i. p. 377. Ismenia pectunculus, King, Permian Foss. 81. 142. Fossil. Oxford Clay. France. Coral Rag. Bavaria; Wurtemburg. 4. MEGERLIA LIMA. B.M. Shell orbicular or slightly pentagonal, smooth, or minutely granulated ; dorsal valve nearly flat; ventral deeply convex ; beak short, recurved ; foramen moderate ; deltidium rudimentary, concealed ; loop rather long, attached to the median septum by crural processes and also by processes from the reflected and ex- panded termination. Lon. 9, lat. 6, alt. 5 lines. a ee oe ee a a ee ee ea ee re mae See BRACHIOPODA. 105 Terebratula lima, Defrance, Dict. Sc. Nat. 1828, t. lit. p. 156. D’ Orb, Ter, Crét, iv. p. 98. pl. 512. f. 1-5. Terebratula pentangulata, Woodward, Geol. Norf. 1833, pl. 6. FO Terebratula ventro-plana, Ramer, Nordd. Ool. p. 51. t. 2. f. 7. Terebratula Hebertiana, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. pl. 514. f. 5, 11. Terebratula spinulosa, Morris, 1847, Ann, Nat. Hist. xx. p. 253. pl. 18. f. 6. Terebratula sex-radiata, J. Sow. 1850, Dixon’s Geol. Sussex, p- 348. pl. 27. f. 10. Kingena lima, Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 42. pl. 4. f. 15-28; pl. 5. f. 1-4. ? Terebratula arenosa, Deshayesii, subconeava, et subarenosa, D’ Archiac, 1847, Mem. Soc. Géol. Fr. ii. pt. 2. Fossil. Gault, Upper Greensand, Chalk. England; France. *** Doubtful species. 5. MeGeRLiIA? WACOENSIS. Shell subpentagonal, ventricose, smooth ; margins even, front straight ; dorsal valve convex, with indications of a long internal septum; ventral valve gibbose; beak obtuse, recurved, laterally keeled ; foramen small and round; deltidium distinet. Lon. 9, lat. 8, alt. 64 lines. Terebratula Wacoénsis, Remer, 1852, Kreid. Texas, p. 81. t. 6, 7 DP Fossil. Chalk. Guadaloupe. 6. MEGERLIA? OVATA. B.M. Shell oval or elongated, depressed ; surface ornamented with minute, wavy, spinulose. striz ; dorsal valve nearly fiat, with a central depression in front, increasing with age; ventral valve convex ; beak produced, nearly straight, lateral ridges distinct ; foramen moderate, circular ; deltidium small, complete. Lon. 19, lat. 13, alt. 11 lines (large specimen). Terebratula ovata, Sowerby, 1812, Min. Con.i. p. 46. t. 15, f. 3. Davidson, Mon. Cret. p. 47. t. 4. f. 6-13 (not Mantell, Geol. S. Downs, 1822). Terebratula lachrymosa, D’ Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 99. pl. 512. f. 6-11. Terebratula Keyserlingi, D’ Arch. Fossil. Upper Greensand. England; France. F5 106 BRACHIOPODA. 7. MEGERLIA?2 ARCUATA. Shell oval, attenuated posteriorly, slightly truncated in front, ornamented with diverging spinulose striz ; dorsal valve gibbous at the umbo, depressed in front; beak pomted, foramen minute, ee elongated, triangular, double. Lon. 5, lat. 32, alt. 3 nes. Terebratula arcuata, Remer, 1840, Nordd. Kreid. p. 44. t. 7. f. 18. Bronn, Index, p. 1229. Fossil. Neocomian (Hilsconglomerate). Westphalia. 8. MEGERLIA ? RUGULOSA. B.M. Shell oblong, front margin truncated or slightly indented, sur- face minutely wrinkled; dorsal valve convex, sometimes de- pressed in front; ventral valve deep; beak rather produced, la- teral ridges obscure; foramen large, circular; deltidium small ; loop 2 Lon. 11, lat. 8, alt. 7 lines. Terebratula rugulosa, Morris 8° Davidson, 1847, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 253. pl. 18. f. 5. Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 49. pl. 4. f. 14. Terebratula disparialis (part.), D’ Orb. Ter. Crét. 1847, iv. p. 100. pl. 512. f. 12, 13 (not 16, 17, which represent T. squamosa). Fossil. U. Greensand; Chalk-marl. England; France. 9. MeGEerRiiA? VERNEUILI. Shell oval, elongated, depressed, ornamented with squamose lines of growth and diverging spinulose striz; margins slightly flexuose in front ; beak produced, nearly straight, truncated by a large circular foramen; deltidium elongated. Lon. 5, lat. 3, alt. 2 lines. Terebratula Verneuili, D’Arch. 1847, Mem. Geol. Soc. Fr. u. p- 326. pl. 20. f. 4. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 172. Fossil. U. Greensand. Belgium. 10. MEGERLIA? NANA. B.M. Shell small, orbicular, depressed, smooth, with obscure radiating furrows, and numerous lines of growth near the margin; punc- tation conspicuous ; dorsal valve flat, with a strong internal me- dian plate ; ventral valve convex ; beak rounded, much recurved ; foramen small; deltidium concealed*. Lon. 6, lat. 52, alt. 32 lines, * Three species having been sent with this name, by Dr. Braun, the description is taken from the specimen to which the label was affixed. : : BRACHIOPODA. 107 Terebratula nana, Miinster, Bair. p. 48. Braun, Bair. p. 44. Remer, Nordd. Ool. p- 52. t. 2. f. 20. Bronn, Index, p. 1242. Fossil. Oxford Clay. Bavaria. 11. MeGeruia? Destonccuampsit. Shell small, oval, rather depressed, covered with minute tubu- lar asperities, between which the punctations are visible ; mar- gins even ; front truncated ; beak prominent ; foramen moderate, incomplete ; deltidia separate. Lon. 34, lat. 3, alt. 14 lines. Terebratula Deslongchampsii, Davidson, June 1850, Ann. Nat. Hist. pl. 15. f. 6. Fossil. Lias. Normandy. 12. MeGERLIA ? HIPPOPUS. B.M. Shell ovate or rounded, inflated, smooth; valves unequal, the ventral largest, ventricose, with a short recurved umbo ; foramen small; deltidium triangular ; dorsal valve convex, with a deep medio-longitudinal depression. Lon. 14, lat. 14, alt. 10 lines. Terebratula hippopus, Ramer, 1841, Kreid. p. 114. t. 16. f. 28. D?’ Orb, Ter. Crét. iv. p. 85. t. 508. f. 12-18, Geinitz, Kreid. p- 87. Terebratula resupinata, Pusch, Polens Pal. p-. 23. t. 4. f. 6 (not Sow.). Fossil. Neocomian; Chalk. France ; Belgium. See also Terebratula irregularis, Blainv. D. 8. N. liii. 140=Tere- bratula ostracea, Blainv. D. S. N. liii. 146. 9. MORRISIA. Shell with a large foramen, encroaching equally on both valves ; ventral valve with a small, straight area; loop not reflected, united to a small forked process in the centre of the valve; structure coarsely punctate (fig. 18), Animal with sigmoid arms, destitute of spiral termination (fig. 17). Morrisia (appressa), Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 371. Orthis, sp., Philippi, 1844, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 69. 108 BRACHIOPODA. Morrisia anomioides. Fig. 18. Fig. 17.—Interior of the dorsal valve with the animal: 0. the orange-coloured ovaries, Fig. 18.—Ditto showing the loop: ec. oral processes ; f. foramen. 1. MorrisiaA ANOMIOIDES. Shell minute, circular, depressed, smooth, olive-green, trans- lucent ; foramen large and round, encroaching equally on both valves ; area of ventral valve chiefly occupied by the foramen ; deltidia rudimentary ; dorsal valve deeply notched at the umbo ; loop consisting of two simple plates (crura) attached to the sides of the umbonal notch, and to a central, bifurcated process. Lon. 1, lat. 14, alt. 3 line (lat. 3 lines, Forbes) (figs. 17, 18). Terebratula anomioides, Scacchi. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 69. t. 18. £.9, 1844. Terebratula appressa, Forbes, 1844, Brit. Assoc. Report on Egean Moll. p. 167, 193 (read 1843). Morrisia seminulum, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 371 (not Ter. seminulum, Phil.). Morrisia anomioides, Dav. 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. pl. f. 29. Hab. Mediterranean, at 95 fathoms. 2. MorRISIA LUNIFERA. Shell minute, subcordate, compressed, front margin slightly indented ; area moderate ; internal skeleton consisting of a semi- lunar plate in the centre of the dorsal valve. Lon. and lat. 14 line. Terebratula lunifera, Philippi, 1836, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 97. t. 6. f. 16 (not Sow.). Orthis lunifera, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. u. p. 69. Argiope Forbesii (syn.), Dav, Ann. Nat. Hist. May 1852, p. 373. Hab. Mediterranean. BRACHIOPODA. 109 3. Morristia ? BuSTICTA. Shell small, orbicular, depressed, smooth, with a few obscure lines of growth, densely punctate and ornamented with radiating rows of minute points; dorsal valve convex, with an obtuse lon- hey es midge} beak not prominent ; foramen large, incomplete ; deltidium rudimentary. Lon. 54, lat. 5 lines. Terebratula eusticta, Philippi, 1836, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 98. t. 6. £.9. Orthis eusticta, Phil. 1844, Moll, Sicil. ii. p. 70. Fossil. Pliocene. Palermo. 10. KRAUSSIA, Shell subcircular, with a nearly straight hinge-line ; beak truncated ; foramen large and round ; deltidia small, disunited ; beak laterally keeled ; hmge-area flat ; dorsal valve longitudinally depressed ; internal skeleton consisting of a small forked pro- cess arising from the septum, near the centre of the valve (fig. 19). Kraussia (rubra), Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 369. Terebratule annulifere (part.), Quenst. Handb. p. 463. Fig. 19. Kraussia rubra. Fig. 20. K. Lamarckiana. Fig. 19.—Interior of dorsal valve, showing the forked apophysis in the centre, and the branching pallial vessels on each side. Fig. 20.—Interior of dorsal valve with the animal, from a dry specimen in the British Museum. The brachial apparatus of Kraussia Lamarckiana (fig. 20) is like* that of Terebratula and Terebratel/a, but the arms are un- usually small in the species examined, and their fringes do not extend more than half way towards the border of the shell; they are supported solely by the small forked process above described, no other part of the apophysary system being calcified. 1. KRAUSSIA RUBRA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, ornamented with numerous, radiating ribs, sometimes bifurcating, or augmenting by intercalation ; colour pale, with red rays and bands of growth ; dorsal valve (see fig. 19) slightly depressed in the centre, in front, furnished internally with 110 BRACHIOPODA. a forked central process, expanded at the extremities; ventral valve deep, simple ; hinge-area flat, encroached upon by the large irregular foramen; deltidium small, incomplete. Lon. 11, lat. 13, alt. 6 lines (fig. 19). Anomia rubra, Pallas, 1766, Misc. Zool. t. 14. f. 2,11. Anomia striata P. B. Spes, Chemnitz, 1785, viii. p. 94. t. 77. f. 703. Anomia capensis, Gmelin, 1788, S. N. p. 3347. Dillw. R. 8. i. p. 292. Terebratula rubra, Blainv. D. S. N. li. p. 138, 1828. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. t. 68. f. 10 (not 9 & 11). Terebratula capensis, Krauss, Sudafr. Moll. p. 32. t. 2. f. 10 (not Adams). Kraussia rubra, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 370. Hab. S. Africa. 2. KRAUSSIA COGNATA. B.M. Shell trapezoidal, rounded in front, pale horn-colour, with ob- secure radiating striz ; beak obtuse, reflected ; hinge-area small ; perforation large, incomplete ; deltidia small, triangular ; dorsal valve flattish, with a longitudinal central depression ; apophysis central, forked. Lon. 10, lat. 9, alt. 4 lines. Cognata Anomia craniolaris, Chemn. C. C. viii. p. 78. t. 76. f. 688. Anomia craniolaris, var., Dillw. R. S. i. p. 285. Terebratula cognata, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p. 346. t. 68. f. 12, 13, 14. Sow. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 464. Krauss, Sudafr. Moll. p. 33. Kraussia cognata, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 370. Hab. 8. Africa. 3. KRAUSSIA PISUM. B.M. Shell transversely ovate, trilobed, with obscure radiating ribs, slightly reddish; margins minutely crenulated, deeply sinuated in front; beak slightly produced, obtuse ; foramen large, incom- plete ; deltidia small; hinge-area small; dorsal valve with a rather straight hinge-line and a deep central longitudinal furrow ; apophysis central, forked. Lon. 43, lat. 5, alt. 3 lines. Terebratula pisum, Valenciennes, in Lamarck, Hist. 1819, ed. 2. vu. p. 330. G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vi. p. 345. t. 69. f. 37, 38, 39. Kraussia pisum, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 370. Terebratula Natalensis, Krauss, Sudafr. Moll. p. 33. t. 2. f. 11. Kiister, Neue Conch. vii. p. 1. t. 2. f.4-7. Quenst. Handb. p. 463. t. 37. f. 11. Hab. S. Africa (not Sydney). ; | y : BRACHIOPODA. lll 4. Kraussia ALGOENSIS. B.M. “Shell suborbicular, slightly acuminated behind, rather lobed in front, whitish, radiately striated ; mesial ridge distinct, round- ish ; perforation large, incomplete ; margin very minutely cre- nulated.”’ Lon. 54, lat. 5 lines. Terebratula Algoénsis, G. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vii. p. 362. t. 91. f, 91, 92. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist, 1852. Hab. Algoa Bay (Bowerbank). (Founded on a single ventral valve, which is scarcely different from T. pisum.) 5. KrausstA LAMARCKIANA. B.M. Shell suborbicular, striated with fine, bifureating ridges, light yellow ; hinge-area well-defined, flat ; foramen large, incomplete ; deltidia small; dorsal valve with central longitudinal groove ; apophysis central, bifureating ; margins of the valves thickened internally and spinulose. Lon. 3, lat. 3, alt. 14 lines (fig. 20). Terebratella Lamarckiana, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 370; Proc. Zool. Soc. p. .pl. ©. f..22, 23. Hab. Sydney, Australia; New Zealand. 6. Kraussta DESHAYESII. Shell suborbicular, radiately ribbed, reddish brown, with six red rays; beak rather produced ; foramen moderate, incomplete ; deltidia separate ; dorsal valve depressed in the centre ; apophy- sis central, forked. Lon. 6, lat. 63 lines. Terebratula Capensis, Adams, 1850, Zool. Samarang, p. 71. pl. 21. f. 4 (not Gmelin). Kraussia Deshayesii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 370. Hab. Cape of Good Hope, at 120 fathoms. Order Il. CRYPTOBRACHIA. Oral arms sunk into grooves in the convex centre of the inner surface of the ventral valve. Cryptobrachia, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. ii. 1848, p. 435; in Wiegm. Arch. 1849, p. 98; and this Cat. p. 8. Brachiopodes cirrides (Cirrhidz), part., D’Orb. Cour. Elem. Pa- leont. p. 80, 1849. 112 BRACHIOPODA. ARGIOPE. Shell transversely oblong, or semicircular, smooth, or orna- mented with corresponding ribs, strongly punctate; hinge-line wide ; margins even; dorsal valve depressed ; ventral valve trun- cated at the beak ; area flat; foramen large, rounded ; deltidium rudimentary ; interior of dorsal valve furnished with one or more prominent, submarginal septa (fig. 21-23); loop originating at the base of the dental sockets, and folded into two or more lobes occupying the interspaces of the radiating septa, to which they adhere on their imner sides. Animal with oral arms united by membrane, forming a disk, and folded so as to form two or four lobes; mantle extending to the margin of the valve and glosely adherent (fig. 21). Terebratula, § F. (& D. part.), Blainv. D. S. N. hii. 145, 1828. Gray, P. Z. Soc. 1847. Argiope (decollata), Desi. 1842, Mém. Soc. Lin. Normand. viii. Dav. 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 372. Megathyris (decollata), D’Orb. 1848, Ann. Se. Nat. Forbes 8; Hanley, Brit. Moll. Orthis, sp., Philippi, Moll. Sicil. Hagenow, Neues Jahrb. Terebratula, sp., Lamarck. Argiopide, King, Permian Foss. 81. 142. Fig. 21. Argiope decollata. Fig. 21.—Dorsal valve with the animal, highly magnified, from a specimen in the cabinet of Thomas Davidson, Esq. The oral aperture is seen in the centre of the fringed brachial disk. —— ee” —et ee ee 4S, Oo BRACHIOPODA. 113 Fig. 22. A. decollata. Fig. 23. A. Neapolitana. PEE NRSC bs * Loop four-lobed. Argiope. 1. ARGIOPE DECOLLATA. B.M. Shell transversely semicircular, with a few, smooth, obtuse, radiating ribs, which correspond in each valve; colour pale brown; margins thickened internally; hinge-line straight, as wide as the shell; ventral valve deep, truncated by the wide and flat hinge-area ; foramen a wide and deep notch, bordered by the rudimentary deltidia ; dorsal valve furnished interiorly with three or five radiating septa, and a four-lobed loop attached to the septa, and sometimes blending with the shell in their inter- spaces. Lon. 4, lat. 24, alt. 14 lines (figs. 21, 22). Anomia decollata, Chemnitz, Conch. C. viii. p. 96. t. 78. f. 705. Dillw. R. 8. i. p. 292. Anomia detruncata, Gmelin, S. N. p. 3347. Terebratula, Lamk. E. M. t. 243. f. 10. Terebratula decollata, Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 351. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 355. t. 71. f. 68, 69, 70. Terebratula detruncata, Blainv. D. S. N. liii. p. 141, 1828. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 96. t. 6. f. 14 a-h. Megathiris detruncata, D’Orb. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848. Terebratula aperta, Blainv. Dict. Sci. Nat. liii. 144, 1828. Terebratula dimidiata, Scacchi, Oss. Zool. ii. p. 17. Terebratula cardita, Risso, E. Merid. f. 180? 1826. Terebratula urna antiqua, Risso, Eur. Mer. f. 177, 1826. Terebratula squamata, (Hichw.) Bronn, Leth. 1837, p- 908. Eichwald, 1852, Leth. Ross. p. 54. t. 3. f. 12 (incorrectly figured ?). Orthis detruncata, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 69, 70. Argiope detruncata, Deslongchamps, Mém. Lin. Soc. Normand. vil. p. 1, 1839. Argiope decollata, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 373. Hab. Mediterranean, on corals, 45-105 fathoms. Fossil. Pliocene. Calabria. Miocene. Gibraltar (James Smith, F.R.S.). 114 BRACHIOPODA. ** Loop two-lobed. Cistella (Gray). 2, ARGIOPE CUNEATA. Shell very small, transversely subquadrate, with a few obscure radiating ribs ; colour pale, with the interspaces of the ribs bright red; interior of dorsal valve with a single, central septum and a two-lobed loop. Lon. 2, lat. 23 lines. Terebratula cuneata, Risso, Eur. Merid. f. 179, 1826. - Blainv. D. S. N. lin. 146. Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 96. t. 6. f. 13. Sow. Thes. Conch. p. 355. t. 71. f. 83, 84. Anomia Pera, Miuhlfeldt, Berlin Gesell. i. p. 205, 1829. Orthis Pera, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ui. p. 69. Terebratula Soldaniana, Risso, Eur. Merid. f. 178, 1826. Blainv. D. S. N. lin. 146. Terebratula detruncata, Scacchi, Catal. p. 17 (not Gmel.). Argiope cuneata, Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 373. Hab. Mediterranean, 28-69 fathoms. 3. ARGIOPE NEAPOLITANA. B.M. Shell minute, pale brown, translucent, smooth, or obscurely ribbed ; beak produced and pointed ; area narrow ; foramen deep, bordered by the deltidia; dorsal valve subquadrate, slightly lobed in front; margins thickened internally ; septum single, central ; loop two-lobed. Lon. 2, lat. 2 lines (fig. 23). Terebratula Neapolitana, Scacchi, Oss. Zool. ii. p. 18, 1833. Orthis Neapolitana, Philippi, Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 69. Terebratula seminulum, Phil. Moll. Sicil. i. p. 97.t. 6. f. 15 (bad). G. B. Sow. Thes. Conch. vii. p. 356. t. 71. f. 87, 88. Terebratula lunifera, G. Sow. Thes. Conch. t. 71. f. 85, 86 (not Phil.). Argiope Forbesii, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist. May 1852, p. 373. Argiope Neapolitana, Dav. June 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. Ls ths A SD. Hab. Mediterranean, in deep water (60-105 fathoms). Fossil. Pliocene. Tarentum. 4, ARGIOPE CISTELLULA. Shell minute, smooth, horn-coloured, globular, truncated or slightly indented in front; beak prominent; foramen large ; del- tidia narrow; interior of dorsal valve with a single median sep- tum and a two-lobed loop. Lon. 1, lat. 1, alt. 5 line. Terebratula cistellula, Searles Wood, 1840, Ann. Nat. Hist. 5. Megathyris cistellula, Forbes § Hanley, Brit. Mollusca, pl. 57.£.9. BRACHIOPODA, 115 Argiope cistellula, Dav. Mon. Tertiary Brach. part 1. p. 10. pl. 1. . 13; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 3873; Proc. Zool. Soc. p. pl. ; £28: Hab. Zetland, in 40 fathoms (M‘Andrew). Fossil. Miocene. Suffolk (Searles Wood). 5. ARGIOPE? PUSILLA. Shell minute, obtusely subtriangular, depressed, smooth; dorsal valve transversely oblong, depressed in front; ventral valve with a prominent beak; hinge-line straight, nearly as wide as the shell (area flat ; deltidium large, triangular, striated transversely ; foramen minute, apical? ?). Lon. 1 line. Terebratula pusilla, Kichwald, 1852, Leth. Ross. p. 55. t. 3. £18. Bronn, Index, p. 1247 (not Sow. or Philippi). Terebratula pygmea, (Hichw.) Bronn, Leth. p. 908 (not Schi.). Fossil. Miocene. Volhynia. Argiope cistellula, variety of? 6. ARGIOPE DECEMCOSTATA. B.M. Shell minute, somewhat pentagonal, ornamented with about ten corresponding ribs ; larger valve deep ; area as wide as the shell, deep, triangular; foramen large; deltidia narrow, rudi- mentary; dorsal valve rather flat, furnished internally with a single elevated, central septum (and a very fragile two-lobed loop. Suess). Lon. 1, lat. 1, alt. 4 line. Terebratula decemcostata, Ramer, 1840, Nord. Kreid. p. 41. t. 7. ot Bronn, Index Pal. p. 1234. Argiope decemcostata, Dav. Mon. Cret. p. 16. pl. 3. f. 1-13. Terebratula Duvalii, Dev. 1847, Charlesworth’s Journal, p. 113. pl. 18. f. 15-18. Megathiris cuneiformis, D’Orb. 1847, Ter. Crét. p. 147. pl. 521. f. 1-11; Prod. ii. p. 259. Fossil. Chalk. Sweden; England; Belgium; Germany; France; Transylvania. 7. ARGIOPE BRONNI. Shell minute, cuneiform, depressed, with eight corresponding ribs to each valve; area wide and distinct; foramen large. Lon. 2, lat. 3, alt. 1 lines. Orthis Bronni, Hagenow, 1842, Neues Jahrbuch, p. 543. t. 9. £.7. Terebratula Bronni, Remer, Kreid. p. 41. Bronn, Index, p. 1231. Fossil. Chalk, Riigen, Baltic. 116 BRACHIOPODA. 8. ArGioPE Bucuit. Shell minute, transverse, subquadrate, depressed ; valves orna- mented with six corresponding ribs; hinge-line wide as the shell, straight ; area narrow; foramen small. Lon. and lat. 14 line. Orthis Buchu, Hagenow, 1842, Neues Jahrb. p. 544. t. 9. f. 8. Terebratula Buchu, Bronn, Index, p. 1231. Fossil. Chalk. Riigen. 9. 2 ARGIOPE DEPRESSA. Shell transverse, depressed, radiately 10-ribbed ; ribs straight, narrow ; valves unequal, the ventral convex, the dorsal flat ; area triangular, narrow. Lon. 2, lat. 3 lines. Megathyris depressa, D’Orbigny, 1847, Ter. Cré. iv. p. 149. t. 521. f. 12-16. Fossil. Chalk. France. 10. ARGIOPE HIRUNDO. Shell minute, quadrate, depressed, side and front deeply in- dented; valves with two diverging ribs; beak small; foramen large. Lon. and lat. 1 line. Orthis hirundo, Hagenow, 1842, Neues Jahrb. p. 545. t. 9. f. 9. Terebratula hirundo, Bronn, Index, p. 1238. Fossil. Chalk. Riigen. Fam. 2. THECIDEID. Shell thick, punctate, rounded or oval, more or less regular, attached by the umbo of the ventral valve, or free : ventral valve (fig. 25) with the umbo rather produced and perforated by a minute apical foramen (f) usually closed at an early age ; hinge- area flat, triangular; deltidium (d) triangular, scarcely distinct from the area; interior deeply concave, furnished with two pro- minent cardinal teeth (¢); surface striated, with smooth depres- sions indicating the points of attachment of the adductor (a), re- tractor (r), and pedicel muscles (p); dorsal valve (fig. 24) small, rounded, opercular, furnished interiorly with a prominent car- dinal process (7) between the dental sockets; oral processes united, forming a bridge over the small and deep visceral cavity and separating the anterior (oral) from the posterior (anal) orifice ; disc grooved for the reception of the loop, the grooves separated by branches from a central septum; loop often un- symmetrical, divided into two or more lobes, united more or less intimately with the sides of the grooves. BRACHIOPODA. LEZ Animal :—Mantle extending to the margin of the valves, closely adherent ; oral arms elongated, folded upon themselves, fringed with long cirri on their outer margins, and supported by a complicated shelly loop (fig. 26). Craniacew (part.), Menke, Syn. ed. 1. p. 56, 1828. Craniacea (part.), Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 96, 1830. Craniz (Les Cranies), part., Féruss. Tabl. Syst. p. 38, 1821. Thecideide, Gray, Syn. B. M. 1842, 85. 92. Thecidexide, King, Permian Fossils, 81. 142. Thecidix, D’Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1848. Cryptobrachia, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1848, vii. p. 435. Ancylobrachia (part.), King, Permian Fossils, 81. 142. Thecidew (Thécidées), Desh. Ency. Méth. iii. t. , 1836. Thecidiodsx, Agassiz, Nomen. 1847. 1. THECIDIUM. Char. of Fam. Thecidium pumilum. Fig. 25. Fig. 24. Dorsal valve :—j. cardinal process. Fig. 25. Ventral valve:—f. foramen (closed); d. deltidium; ¢, teeth; a. ad- ductor impressions; r. retractors ; p. pedicel-muscles. 118 BRACHIOPODA. Fig. 26. Thecidium Mediterraneum. Fig. 26.—Interior ot the dorsal valve, from a specimen in the cabinet of Thomas Davidson, Esq. Thecidea (radiata), Defr. in Fer. Tabl. Syst. 38, 1821. Blainv. Man. Malac. 516. 629, 1825; Dict. Sci. Nat. lu. p- 434, 1828. Risso, Europ. Merid. 393, 1826. Thecidium, G. B. Sowerby, Gen. xx. 1844; Thes. Conch. vii. 1846. Terebratula, Faujas, Mont St. Pierre, t. 27. f. 8. Terebratula, sp., Lamk. Hist. 1. THEcIpDIUM MEDITERRANEUM. Shell small, pale yellow, smooth, subquadrate, slightly bilobed in front, attached by the produced and pointed beak ; hinge-area triangular, smooth ; margins thickened and granulated inter- nally; brachial septum 3-lobed; loop rudimentary, 4-lobed. Lon. 5, lat. 44 lines (fig. 26). Thecidea Mediterranea, Blainv. Man. Malac. 629, 1825; Dict. Sci. Nat. liii. p. 434, 1828. Desh. in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 348; Ency. Méth. in. Soo. Risso, Eur. Merid. iv. f. 183 (bad). Philippi, Moll. Sicil. i. p. 99. t. 6. £175 ii. p. 70. Dav. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, p. 374. Thecidium Mediterraneum, Sow. Gen. f. 6,7; Thes. Conch. vii. p. 0/1. t. (3. f. 30-32. Thecidea testudinaria, Michelotti, Brach. p.5; Préc. Faun. Mioc. tls Bae PhoE Thecidiea spondylea, Scacchi, Cat. 8. f. 7-10. Hab. Mediterranean, attached to corals. Fossil. Miocene. Turin. BRACHIOPODA. 119 2. TuecipiIumM WeTHERELLI. B.M. Shell somewhat pentagonal, slightly indented in front, smooth, attached by the beak or whole surface of the ventral valve ; hinge- area narrow; deltidium large, triangular, elongated ; interior of larger valve furrowed by close, granular, longitudinal striae; dorsal valve with a single deep curved sinus on each side ; cardinal pro- cess large; margin minutely granulated. Lon. lat. Thecidea Wetherelli, Morris, 1851, Ann. Nat. Hist. pl. 14. f. 1-3. Davidson, Mon. Cret. Brach. p. 14. pl. 1.f. 15-26. Fossil. Chalk. England (attached to shells and Echinide). 3. THECIDIUM PUMILUM. B.M. Shell nearly circular, free, ornamented with diverging, inter- rupted, granular ribs; dorsal valve circular, flat, furnished in- ternally with a broad granular border ; loop 5-7-lobed, the lobes augmenting regularly from the centre outwards ; central process granulated ; ventral valve with a produced uncinate beak. Lon. 4, lat. 33, alt. 1 line (figs. 24, 25). Terebratulites papillatus, Schlotheim,1813, Min. Tasch. vii. p. 113. (name only). Terebratula pumila, Valenc. in Lamk. 1819, Hist. Nat. 58. Dav. Ann, Nat. Hist. June 1850, pl. 14. f. 58 (not Sow). Thecidea radians, Brongn. 1825, Env. Paris, p. 325. Thécidée rayonnante, Defrance, 1828, Dict. Sci. Nat. liii. p. 434. £.80.f.. 1. Thecidea radiata, Desh. Enc. Méth. iii. p. 1035. Lamk, Hist. ed. 2. vii. p. 346. Goldf. Petr. Germ. p. 289. pl. 161. f. 2. Thecidea papillata, Bronn, 1837, Leth. Geog. p. 633. t. 30. f. 3. D’Orb. Ter. Crét. p. 154. pl. 523. f. 18. Thecidea reeurvirostra, D’Orb. Ter. Crét. p. 156 (exclud. synon.). pl. 523. f. 9-17; Prod. ii. p. 260 (not Gerv.). Fossil. Chalk. Belgium; France. 4. THECIDIUM RECURVIROSTRE. B.M. Shell regular, oval, smooth, or only marked with concentric lines of growth ; free, or attached when young by the extremity of the beak; beak pointed, thick, rounded and recurved; del- tidium narrow, raised; dorsal valve deeply concave, furnished internally with a wide border, radiately striated; loop unsym- metrical, 5-lobed, grooves deep, parallel with the margin. Lon. 3, lat. 2, alt. 14 lines. Thecidea recurvirostris, Gerville, MSS. Defr. 1828, Dict. Sc. Nat. liii. p. 435. Goldf. Petr. Germ. ii. p. 289. t. 161. f. 3. 120 BRACHIOPODA. Thecidium curvirostre, Sow. Genera, f. 4, 5. Desh. ed. Lam. vii. p. 349. Fossil. U. Chalk. France. 5. THECIDIUM HIPPOCREPIS. B. Shell ovate-orbicular, smooth, attached by the truncated umbo; dorsal valve concave ; interior with broad ‘striated mar- gin, impressions curved, slightly digitated on their inner sides, separated by a wide space. Lon. 34, lat. 3 lines. 6 Thecidea hippocrepis, Goldfuss, Petr. ii. p. 289. t. 161. f. 4. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 260. Thecidea vermicularis, Bronn, Index, p. 1267. Terebratulites vermicularis, Schl. Taschb. 1813, vii. 1. 113. ? Thecidea prisca, Miinster MS. Jura, Thurnau. Fossil. Chalk. Maestricht; Essen. 6. THECIDIUM HIEROGLYPHICUM. B.M. Shell ovate-orbicular, smooth, attached by the truncated apex | of the produced umbo ; interior of ventral valve exhibiting two — reniform vascular impressions in front of the retractor scars 4 dorsal valve flat; internally with a broad striated border; bra-_ chial impression palmate, 6-lobed, converging. Lon. 5, lat. 4% lines. Thecidea hieroglyphica, Defrance, Dict. Sc. Nat. lui. 435. Goldf. Petr. ii. p. 290. t. 161. f. 6. Terebratula hieroglyphica, Kefst. Natg. ii. p. 680. Thecidium pumilum, G. Sow. Genera of Shells, f. 1, 2 (not Ter. — pumila, Lamk.). Fossil. Chalk. Maestricht. 7. THECIDIUM DIGITATUM. B.M. Shell irregular, smooth, attached by the truncated apex of the — ventral valve; cavity of the ventral valve striated; retractor im pressions large, deep and smooth ; dorsal valve transversely oval, with a wide hinge-line ; internally with a broad margin, and two — diverging, symmetrical, palmated and 5-lobed impressions. Lon, 5, lat. 6 lines. Thecidium digitatum, G. Sowerby, Genera, no. 20. f. 3. Thecidea digitata, Bronn, Lethea, p. 664. t. 30. f. 4. Goldf. Petr. ii. p. 290. t. 161. f. 6. Thecidea Essensis, Remer, Kreid. p. 36. D’ Orb. Prod. ii. p. 173. Fossil. U. Greensand. Westphalia. . . BRACHIOPODA. 12) 8. THECIDIUM RUGOSUM. Shell irregular, attached by the truncated apex of the ventral valve; ventral valve striated lengthwise and squamose with lines of growth ; dorsal valve round, slightly truncated by the hinge- line, smooth, furnished internally with a granulated margin and two 3-lobed impressions, the lobes straight and diminishing in length inwards. Lon. 2} lines. Thecidea rugosa, D’ Orbigny, 1847, Ter. Crét. p. 153 (“ T. hippo- erepis’’) pl. 522. f. 8-14. Fossil. U. Greensand. France. 9, THECIDIUM TETRAGONUM. Shell roundish, attached by the truncated apex of the ventral valve, smooth, with obscure lines of growth; hinge-line wide ; ventral valve with two, nearly symmetrical palmate, 4-lobed im- pressions, the right side largest. Lon. 24 lines. Thecidea tetragona, Remer, 1839, Ool. t. 18. f. 4. D’ Orb. Ter. Crét.iv. p. 152. t. 522. f. 1-7. Fossil. Neocomian. WUanover; France. 10. THectp1um MorEanvuM. Shell minute, rounded, trigonal, equilateral, with an acute apex; dorsal valve convex, concentrically substriated, tubercu- lated near the front margin ; ventral valve attached by its whole breadth, area triangular, interior with a longitudinal ridge. Lon. and lat. 4 line. Thecidea Moreana, Buvignier, 1852, Géol. de la Meuse, p. 26. pl. 20. f. 30-32. Fossil. Coral Rag. France. 10*. 2? THecipi1um CoRALLINUM. Sheil like T. antiqua, but triangular, and much narrower at the hinge-line. Thecidea Corallina, D’Orbigny, 1850, Prod. ii. p. 25. Fossil. Coral Rag. France. ll. ?THECIDIUM CORDIFORME. Shell oval; beak pointed ; front bilobed. Thecidea cordiformis, D’Orbigny, 1850, Prod. i. p. 344. Fossil. Kelloway Rock? France: attached to Ammonites. 122 BRACHIOPODA. 12. THEecip1tum DicKINsontl. Shell minute, transversely oval, smooth ; dorsal valve convex ; ventral valve attached by its whole surface ; area nearly as wide as the shell, straight. Lon. 14, lat. 23 lines. Thecidea Dickinsonii, (Moore) Davidson, Mon. Ool. p. 14. Fossil. Inferior Oolite. Somersetshire, attached to Terebratule. 13. ? THECIDIUM DUBIUM. Thecidea dubia, D’Orb. Prod. i. p. 288 (undeser.). Fossil. Inferior Oolite. France. 14. THECIDIUM TRIANGULARE. Shell triangular, slightly bilobed, smooth, gibbose ; hinge-area triangular, high and narrow; deltidium distinct. Lon. I, lat. 1 line. Thecidea triangularis, Davidson, 1851, Mon. Ool. p. 14. pl. 1. f. 11, 12; Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pl. 14. f. 13. D’Orb. MS. 1849, Prod. i. p. 316? not described. Thecidea Virdunensis, Buvignier, 1852, Géol. de la Meuse, p. 27. pl. 20. f. 33-35. Thecidea Davidsoni, Buv. id. p. 26. pl. 20. f. 36-38. Fossil. Lias (Marlstone). Somerset (Moore). Inferior Oolite. Cheltenham (Wright). Bath Oolite. Caen (D’Orb.) ? 15, THECIDIUM RUSTICUM. Shell minute, squarish, slightly convex, smooth; interior of dorsal valve with a prominent muscular fulerum ; internal margin thickened and granulated; apophysary ridge simple, parallel with the margin, and a little within it, deeply bilobed. Lon. 1, lat. 1 line. Thecidea rustica, (Moore) Davidson, 1851, p. 15. pl. 1. f. 14. Fossil. Upper Lias. Unninster. 16. THEcip1um BoucHARDII. Shell transversely elongated, smooth, attached by the whole surface of the ventral valve; hinge-area long and narrow ; del- tidium broad, short and elevated; dorsal valve convex ; margin shelving. Lon. 3, lat. 4 lines. Thecidea Bouchardii, Dav. Mon. Ool. 1851, p. 14. pl. 1. f. 15, 16; Ann. Nat. Hist. April 1852, pl. 14. f. 10-12. Fossil. Lias (Marlstone). Uminster, attached to Rhynchonelle ; France. BRACHIOPODA. 123 17. Tuectpium Mooret. Shell subquadrate, smooth, attached by the whole surface of the ventral valve; valves slightly indented in front; front margins much thickened, steep; dorsal valve almost flat ; lower valve with a well-defined triangular area; deltidium large, ele- vated. Lon. 2, lat. 2, alt. 1 line. Thecidea Moorei, Davidson, 1851, Mon. Ool. Brach. p. 13. pl. 1. f. 10 Fossil. Lias (Marlstone). minster, attached to Rhynchonelle. 18. Tuecip1um DrEsLONGCHAMPSII. Shell irregularly oblong, smooth, attached by the truncated beak of the ventral valve; ventral valve deep; area wide, short and irregular; deltidium indistinct; dorsal valve subcircular, slightly convex, its interior surface surrounded by a broad, gra- nulated border ; a single central septum divides the brachial ca- vities, in each of which there is a granulated lobe. Lon. 2, lat. 14, alt. 14 lines. Thecidea Deslongchampsii, Davidson, 1852, Ann. Nat. Hist. April, pl. 14. f. 6-9. Fossil. Lias. Normandy. G2 INDEX. abyssicola, 51. biangularis, 80. cardita, 113. aculeata, 60. | bicanaliculata, 30, 55. | Cardium, 81. acuta, 28. bidentata, 68. carnea, 21, 25. Adrieni, 81. bipartita, 42. carinata, 73. zqualis, 44. biplicata, 23, 28, 29,| Carteroniana, 29. aquilateralis, 20. 30, 32. Carriana, 43. Albensis, 26. birostris, 19. Causoniana, 67. Algoensis, 111. bisinuata, 19. celtica, 61. Ampulla, 19. bisuffarcinata, 30. Chauviniana, 71. angusta, 50, 76. Boubei, 24. Chilensis, 88. anomioides, 108. Bouei, 24. chrysalis, 53. antinomia, 41, Bordini, 47. cistellula, 114. antiplecta, 40. Bouchardia, 100. coarctata, 39. amygdalina, 47. Bouchardii, 88, 122. | collinaria, 22. aperta, 113. Bourgeoisii, 55. communis, 70. appressa, 108. Bronni, 42, 115. complanata, 19, 44. Archiaci, 48. bucculenta, 66, 74. concaya, 100. arcuata, 106. Buchii, 43, 116. contraplecta, 42. Arduennensis, 63, 84. | Buckmanni, 34. cognata, 110. arenosa, 105. bulla, 27. Cor, 67. Argiope, 112. bullata, 36, 66. corallinum, 121. arabilis, 29. caiqua, 47. cordiforme, 121. Astieriana, 94. Californica, 60. Coreanica, 88. auriculata, 53, 55. Calloviensis, 72. cornea, 49. aurita, 49. Camilla, 27. cornuta, 67, 68. australis, 58. Campaniensis, 54. costata, 48, 49, 83. Bakerie, 74. canaliculata, 93. crassa, 24. Bajocina, 73. canalis, 77. craniolaris, 110. Bargesana, 84. cancellata, 50. cranium, 58. Baugieri, 31. Canidea, 45. crassiplicata, 24. Beaumonti, 79. capensis, 110, 111. crenulata, 98. Becksii, 22. capillata, 22. crispata, 82. Bentleyi, 38. caput-serpentis, 49, crista-galli, 61. Bernardina, 71. Carantonensis, 94. Crithea, 66, 126 cruenta, 89, 90. Cumingii, 51, 99. cuneata, 114. cuneiformis, 118. curvirostris, 24, 120. cymbula, 62. Davidsoni, 122. Davidsoniana, 92. decemcostata, 115. decollata, 113. decussata, 39. Defrancii, 53. Delthyridza, 96. deltoidea, 41. dentata, 58. depressa, 23, 116. Deshayesii, 105, 111. Deschampsii, 31. Deslongchampsii, 123. detruncata, 113, 114. Dickinsonii, 122. digitatum, 120. digona, 35, 63, 68, 69. dilatata, 59. dimidiata, 113. diphya, 41. diphyoides, 41. disculus, 103. disparialis, 106. dorsata, 87. dubium, 122. Dutempliana, 24, 54. Duvalii, 115. Duvallii, 41. echinulata, 56. Edwardsii, 70. elegans, 54, 96. elongata, 21, 44. emarginata, 74. ephemera, 78. equestris, 30. Erina, 31. erythroleuca, 90. Essensis, 120. Eudesia, 79. eusticta, 109. euthyra, 18. Eugenii, 35. Evansii, 99. faba, 63. INDEX. Faujasii, 53. fimbria, 37. Fischeriana, 69. Fissurirostra, 96. Fissirostra, 96. Fittoni, 22. flabellum, 38. flavescens, 58. Fleuriausa, 60. flexuosa, 61, 87. florella, 72. Floridana, 55. Forbesii, 108, 114. fragilis, 27. frontalis, 90. furcata, 81. fusiformis, 46. Galliennei, 36. Garantiana, 31. Gaudichaudi, 59. Gervillii, 50, 53. giganteus, 19, 20. Gisii, 53. globulina, 70. globata, 33. globosa, 59. gracilis, 55. grandis, 18, 20. Gravesi, 24. Grayii, 79. Guadalupe, 54. Gussignigensis, 25. Haimeana, 48. hamifera, 79. Harlani, 27. hastata, 46. Hastingsiz, 44. Hebertiana, 105. Hecate, 78. hemispheerica, 75. hemispheroidica, 44. Heyseana, 75. hieroglyphicum, 120. Hilseana, 97. hippocrepis, 120. hirundo, 116. Heeninghausii, 60. homalogaster, 34. Humboldtii, 85. humeralis, 74, Ignaciana, 65. impressa, 71. inca, 29. incertum, 97. incisa, 26. indentata, 35, 69. inelegans, 78. inflata, 45. insignis, 29. intermedia, 32. inversa, 40. Ismenia, 102. Japonica, 50. Juno, 77. juvenis, 46. Keyserlingi, 105. Kickxii, 20. Kingena, 102. Kleinii, 33. Kraussia, 109. labiata, 71, Labradorensis, 91. lachrymosa, 105. lacryma, 46, 52. levis, 20. lagenalis, 29, 36, 64. Lamarckiana, 111. lampas, 65. lata, 34. lens, 21. lenticularis, 58. lentiformis, 25. lentoidea, 25. Leveillei, 22. lima, 104. linearis, 23. Linneana, 66. longa, 29, 62. longirostris, 23, 62. loricata, 95. lunaris, 69. lunifera, 108, 114. Lycettii, 70. Lyra, 82, 83. lyrata, 85. Maceana, 31. Magas, 98. magellanica, 87. magna, 100. Marcousana, 79, tectvic. INDEX. 127 orthiformis, 100. ovalis, 23, 30. ovata, 21, 105. ovoidea, 33. ovoides, 26, 34, pala, 75. palmetta, 38. Palissii, 97. papillata, 119. papilio, 20. Parisiensis, 92. Parracena, 56. parva, 25. parvula, 25. Patagonica, 60. phaseolina, 24. Phillipsii, 33. pectinata, 83, 93. pectiniformis, 96, pectita, 93, 96. pectoralis, 63. punctata, 35, 100. Puscheana, 80. pusilla, 91, 115. prelonga, 28. pygmea, 115. Pygope, 41. quadrata, 81. quadricostata, 42. quadrifida, 67. quadriplecta, 42, Qualenii, 45. quinquecostata, 61. radians, 119. radiata, 119. recurva, 58, 96. recurvirostra, 119. reflexa, 40, Rehmanni, 68. Repeliniana, 30. resupinata, 72, 75,107. reticularis, 39. Marie, 69. marsupialis, 36, Martiniana, 54. maxillata, 32. maxima, 19, 34. Meadi, 84. Mediterraneum, 118, megatrema, 56. Megathyris, 112. Megerlia, 102. Menardi, 94. millepunctata, 100. niicroscopica, 53. minima, 93. minor, 21, 32. monstrosa, 103. Montolearensis, 20. Montoniana, 28. Moreana, 38, 94. Moreanum, 121. Moorei, 72, 123. 5 Morierei, 39. Morrisia, 107. multicostata, 61. multistriata, 52. Miinsterii, 43. Murchisoni, 22. mutica, 41. nana, 69, 106. Natalensis, 110. navicula, 76. Neapolitana, 114. Neocomiensis, 84, 94. Nerviensis, 23. nucleata, 40, 69. numismalis, 67, 68, 70. obesa, 26. oblita, 103. oblonga, 80. obolina, 78. obovata, 64. obsoleta, 58. obtusa, 24. omalogaster, 34. orbiculata, 31. orbicularis, 76, 81. ornata, 55. ornithocephala, 64, 65. Orthis, 107, 112. pectunculoides, 95. pectunculus, 104. Pedemontana, 19. pentagona, 67. pentagonalis, 44, 53. pentahedra, 69, 73. pentangulata, 105. pera, 114. perforans, 19. perovalis, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34. picta, 59, pileus, 41. procerrima, 85. pisum, 110. plana, 69. plebeia, 21. plica, 45. plicata, 37, 91, 95. preemarginata, 76. prisca, 120. prominula, 82, propinqua, 80. pseudo-jurensis, 62, pubescens, 49. pulchella, 97, 104. pumilum, 119. pumila, 99. pumilus, 120. reticulata, 39, 80. retusa, 49. revoluta, 25. rhomboidalis, 21. Rhynchora, 83. Richardiana, 39. Reemeri, 28. rigida, 55. Robertoni, 22. Roissyi, 24. rosea, 101. Royeriana, 64. rubella, 59, 90. rubicunda, 89. rubra, 89, 109. rugosum, 121. rugulosa, 106. Ruppeilensis, 72. rustica, 23, 24. rusticum, 122. Sacculus, 46. salinaria, 43. sanguinea, 89, 90. sanguinolenta, 90. Santonensis, 56. Sarthacensis, 66. Sayi, 91. scabra, 53. Scatoniana, 76. 128 Schulzii, 47. securis, 78. Sella, 28. semiglobosa, 25, 27. seminulum, 108, 114. semiplicata, 37. semistriata, 80. septata, 18. septemcostata, 38. septentrionalis, 50. septigera, 59. sex-radiata, 105. simplex, 34. Soldaniana, 114. Sowerbii, 19, 88. spathulata, 92. spatula, 49. spheroidalis, 36. sphenoidea, 18. spinulosa, 105. Spitzbergensis, 91. spondylea, 118. spondylodes, 19. squamata, 113. squamosa, 22. striata, 49, 52, 110. striatula, 51, 52, 57. Strogonofii, 64. subarenosa, 105. subangusta, 76. sub-Bentleyi, 38. sub-bidentata, 68. sub-bipartita, 43. subeanalis, 38. subconcava, 105. subcrispata, 82. subcurvata, 43. subelongata, 45. subfragilis, 27. subimpressa, 73. sublagenalis, 65. submaxillata, 32. a INDEX. suborbicularis, 37, 80. subovalis, 65, 66. subovoides, 65, 66. subpentagona, 95. subpentagonalis, 44. subpectoralis, 25. subplicatella, 37. subpunctata, 35. subresupinata, 73. subrotunda, 25. subrubra, 32. subsella, 30. substriata, 56. subsufflata, 45. subtriquetra, 65. subundata, 24, 25. subventricosa, 32. subyitrea, 18. succinea, 20. sufflata, 45. sulcifera, 26. tamarindus, 62. Tchiatcheffei, 24. tegulata, 95. tenuissima, 53. tenuistriata, 51. Terebratella, 86. Terebratula, 17. Terebratulina, 48. Terebrirostra, 82. testudinaria, 118. tetragona, 32, 73. tetragonum, 121. Thecidea, 118. Thecidium, 117. Toncariana, 27. Tornacensis, 24. transversa, 89. triaugularis, 34. triangulare, 122. triangulus, 41. | tricostata, 42. trigonella, 60. Trigonosemus, 82, 96. trilobata, 20. trilatera, 82. trilineata, 54. triplecta, 42. triquetra, 41, 65. truncata, 94, 95, 100, 103. ; tulipa, 101. ulothrix, 82. umbonella, 65. umbra, 77. undulata, 28. upsilon, 77. urna, 113. uva, 18. Valenciennei, 102. Vanuxemiana, 92. variabilis, 19. Vendocinensis, 27. Venei, 52. ventricosa, 32. ventro-plana, 105. vermicularis, 120. Verneuilliana, 93. Verneuilli, 106. Viquesneli, 22, 23. Virdunensis, 122. virgo, 47. Virleti, 25. vitrea, 17, 58. vulgaris, 43, 64, 71. Wacoensis, 105. Waldheimia, 57. Waltonia, 101. Waterhousii, 43, 74. Wetherelli, 119. Wilmingtonensis, 21. Wismanni, 43. Zelandica, 89. CATALOGUES THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. I. VERTEBRATA. List of Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 1843. 2s.6d. Catalogue of the Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. Part 1. Cetacea. 12mo, 1850. 4s., with Plates. Part 2. Seals. 12mo, 1850. 1s. 6d., with Woodeuts. Part 3. Hoofed Quadrupeds. Section I. 1852, with Plates of Genera, 12s. This work contains the description of the genera and species, and figures of the chief characters of the genera. List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray and G. R. Gray. 1846. 2s. List of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &e. Part 1. Raptorial. Edition 1, 1844; edition 2, 1848. 3s. Part 2. Passeres. Section I. Fissirostres. 1848. Qs. Part 3. Gallinz, Gralle and Anseres. 1844. Qs, The other sections of the Passerine birds are in progress. List of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &e. 1850. 4s. List of the Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &e. 1852. 2s. 6d. Catalogue of Reptiles. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e. Part 1. Tortoises, Crocodiles and Amphisbeenians. 1844. 1s. Part 2. Lizards. 1845. 3s. 6d. Part 3. Snakes (Crotalide, Viperidee, Hydride and Boide). 1849. 2s. 6d. Part 4, completing the Snakes (Colubridz), is in prepara- tion. 9) Catalogue of Amphibia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. Part 2. Batrachia Gradientia. 12mo, 1850. Qs. 6d., with Plates of the Skull and Teeth. Catalogue of Fish. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S Part 1. Cartilagous Fish. 12mo, 1850. 3s. With two Plates. These Catalogues of Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fish, contain the characters of all the genera and species at present known ; the latter are illustrated with figures of the genera. List of British Fish ; with Synonyma. By A. Warts, F.L.S. &e. (S515 2s: List of Osteological Specimens. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 1847. 2s. II. ANNULOSA. Catalogue of Lepidoptera. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. Part 1. Papilionidee, with coloured figures of the new spe- cies. £1: 5s. List of Lepidopterous Insects. By E. Dousiepay, F.L.S. Part 1. Papilionide, &e. 1844. 2s. 6d. Part 2. Erycinide, &e. 1847. 9d. Part 3. Appendix to Papilionide, Erycinide, &e. 1848. 9d. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Waker, F.L.S. Part 1. Chalcidide. 1846. Is. 6d. Part 2. Additions to Chaleidide. 1848. Qs. Catalogue of Dipterous Insects. By F. WaLxer, F.L.S. Part 1. 1848. 3s. 6d. Part 3. 1849. 3s. Part 2. 1849. 3s. 6d. Part 4. 1849. 6s. Catalogue of Homopterous Insects. By F. Waker, F.L.S. Part 1. 1850. 3s. 6d. Part 3. 1851. 3s. 6d. Part 2. 1850. 5s. Part 4. 1852. 4s. Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects. By F. Wauker, F.L.S. Part 1. 1852. Qs. 6d. Part 2. 1853, with Plates. The Catalogues of Hymenopterous, Dipterous, and Homopte- rous Insects contain the description of the species in the Museum which appeared to be undescribed. (3) Catalogue of Hemipterous Insects. By W. 8. DALLAs,F.L.S. &e. With Plates, Part 1. 1851. 7s. Part 2. 1852. 4s. The Catalogue of Hemiptera contains the description of the new species in the Museum Collection, and figures of the more interesting genera. Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects (with characters of new species). Part 1. Cetoniade. 1847. Is. By A. Wurre, F.L.S. &e. Part 2. Hydrocanthari. 1847. 1s. 3d. By A. Wurre, F.L.S. Part 3. Buprestide. 1848. Is. By A. Warts, F.L.S. Part 4. Cleride. 1849. ls. 8d. By A. Wurre, F.L.S. Part 5. Cucujide. 1851. 6d. By F. Smira, M.E.S. Part 6. Passalide. 1852. 8d. By F. Smiru, M-E.S. Part 7. Longicornia, with Plates, 1853. By A. Wurre, List of Crustacea; with Synonyma. By A. Wuire. 1847. 2s. List of Myriapoda. By G. Newport, F.R.S. &e. 1844. 4d. List of British Lepidoptera; with Synonyma. By J. F. Sre- PHENS, F.L.S. Part 1. 1850. 5s. Part 2. 1852. 2s. Part 3. 1853. 3s. List of British Aculeate Hymenoptera; with Synonyma, and the description of some new species. By F. Smiru. 1851. 2s. List of British Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects ; with Synonyma. By H. Denny. Is. List of British Crustacea; with Synonyma. By A. Wurre, F.L.S. 1850. 2s. 6d. Ill. MOLLUSCA. Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Part 1. Cephalopoda Antepedia. 1849. 4s. Part 2. Pteropoda. 1850. Ls. Part 3. Placuniade and Anomiade. 1850. 4d. Part 4. Brachiopoda Ancylopoda; figuresof genera. 1853. 3s. ; Containing the characters of the recent and fossil genera, and the descriptions of all the recent species at present known. Catalogue of Phaneropneumona or Operculated Terrestrial Mol- lusca. By Dr. Lovis Prerrrer. 1852. [4) List of British Mollusca and Shells; with Synonyma. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Part 1. Acephala and Brachiopoda. 1851. 2s. Nomenclature of Mollusca. By Dr. W. Barro, F.L.S. &e. Part 1. Cyclophoride. 1851. 1s. 6d. IV. RADIATA. Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa. By G. Busk, F.R.S. &c., with characters and figures of all the species. Part 1. Chilostoma. 1852. 17s. Catalogue of the Echinide or Sea Eggs. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Part 1. Echinida irregularia. 12mo, 1851, with Plates. Containing the characters of all the known genera and species, and illustrated with figures of the new species. List of British Radiata; with Synonyma. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 1848. 4s. List of British Sponges; with Synonyma. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 1848. 10d. V. BRITISH ZOOLOGY. List of the British Animals; with Synonyma and references to figures. Part 1. Radiata. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848. 4s. Part 2. Sponges. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848. 10d. Part 3. Birds. By G. R.Gray. 1850. 4s. Part 4. Crustacea. By A. Wore. 1850. 2s. 6d. Part 5. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Srepuens. 1850. 5s. - Part 6. Hymenoptera. By F. Smirn. 1851. Qs. Part 7. Mollusca Acephala and Brachiopoda. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1851. 3s. 6d. Part 8. Fish. By A. Wuire. 1851. 3s. Part 9. Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray. 1852. 2s. 6d. Part 10. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. SrerHens. 1852. 2s. Part 11. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. 1s. Part 12. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. StepHEns. 1852. 3s. N.B.—These Catalogues can be obtained at the Secretary’s Office in the BririsH Museum; or of any Bookseller. Jan. 1853. QL British Museum (Natural History) 4,06 Dept. of Zoology B78 Catalogue pt.4 . BioMed PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY