Plants of Nantucket.

PRANDEGEE HF.RPARIUM

Catalogue of Plants

GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION

IN THE

County of Nantucket, Mass

MARIA L OWEN.

II

NORTHAMPTON, MASS.:

GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY.

1888.

BRANDEGEE HERBARIUM

. .

: :

PREFACE.

r I IHE County of Nantucket comprises the islands of Nantucket, Tucker-
nuck and Muskeget, and a small group called Gravelly Islands. A

JL list of their plants, including the marine algae growing in the sur-
rounding waters or washed up on their shores, is attempted in the following
pages. The islands are separated by channels from an eighth of a mile to
half a mile in width, and may be considered geologically as but one. This
island county is part of the extreme terminal moraine of the ice-sheet that
covered the northern part of our continent during the glacial period, and is
a series of morainic hills bordered on the south by sloping plains of gravel
and sand. The hills are from forty to fifty feet high at Madeket, at the
west end of Nantucket, and sink lower from there to Muskeget, while they
rise towards the east. They reach the height of 91 feet in the highest of
Saul's Hills, and of 105 feet at Sancoty Head, the highest land on the island.
The formation is almost wholly stratified gravel and sand, deposited at the
margin of the ice by streams that flowed down from its surface; but in the
region of Saul's Hills, bowlders are scattered upon and in it, varying from
a small size up to ten feet in diameter. The pine barrens, although farther
south, are of similar structure, and Nantucket, as regards its flora, seems
like a piece of New Jersey moved up the coast for the convenience of north-
ern amateurs in botany, who cannot get away from business long enough to
go collecting in that state.

The writer has not been able to obtain any report of the productions of
Muskeget and Gravel— uninhabited islands— and Mr. L. L. Dame has ran-
sacked Tuckernuck without finding anything new ; the most noticeable thing
was the quantity of a common milk- weed (Asclepias obtusifolia), which was
growing more profusely than he had ever seen it in any one locality before.
What follows, then, relates solely to Nantucket, the large island of the
county, with an area of about fifty square miles.

The winters there are mild, and snow seldom lies long on the ground, so
that the hardier weeds, like groundsel and chick-weed, may frequently be

845896

IV

found in bloom in the winter months, and a jasmine in the gardens is, in
ordinary seasons, in flower from November to February. Fig trees six years
old and eight feet high, grown from seed, might be seen in 1885, in a shel-
tered garden in town, and Mr. Henry Coffin tells me there was one in 1845
known to be five years old, growing on Brant Point, exposed to all the
winds that blow. An English Walnut (Juglans regia), produces nuts of full
size in a yard in Lily street, although even in the Middle States this tree
ripens its fruit but sparingly. The ivy (Hedera Helix) flourishes in the open
air without protection seemingly as well as in England, and no limit has
been found to its upward growth, except the top bricks of the chimneys to
which it climbs.

While much of Nantucket consists of dry, sandy plains, level or slightly
undulating, there are sheets of water of varying size in the hilly parts, and
also a line of ponds of brackish water along the southern shore, al-
though most of the smaller ones are dried up in summer. A sandy beach
surrounds the island, and salt marshes are frequent, thus there are suitable
localities for various kinds of plants. Trees are lacking except in stunted
form, and there are few of those, yet the tradition is that the island was
well wooded when the first settlers came, in 1659. Houses are standing said
to have been built of native wood, and during the Revolution and again in
the war of 1812, the people obtained a large part of their fire-wood from
Coskaty. Observations indicate that these stories may be relied upon. Mr.
Sanford tells me of stumps as large as a man's thigh found when clearing
up his swamps in Polpis, and still larger ones are reported between Siascon-
set and Sancoty. The surface then was once wooded, but that it was not
heavily so is proved by a recorded vote of the early proprietors, limiting
the quantity of wood which any person might cut for fuel ; they feared that
total destruction of the forests which actually occurred long years ago. The
local names "Grove Lane" and "The Woods" show that trees once grew
where no living person has ever seen one. About forty years ago there was
a group of trees in Polpis known as "The Grove;" there might have been
twenty or thirty individuals in the cluster, of what kind unknown to the
present writer. Their last hour was at hand. Their trunks, slender, crooked
and wind-twisted, some twenty feet high, as gray, first with death and then
with lichens, as an old fence-rail, and the few boughs near the top almost
leafless, made on the whole a melancholy sight.

The scrub-oaks have resisted extermination and are still abundant on the
commons, and in Quaise there is a small tract covered with a low but
healthy growth of oak, beech, hickory, tupelo, and possibly some other spe-
cies; the crows, for lack of the tall pines in which they build from prefer-

ence, make their nests in the round tops of these diminutive trees. Near the
Point there is quite a thicket of underbrush, not scrub-oak, hard to pene-
trate. The nearest approach to a forest that now exists is found in Coskaty
Swamp. Mr. Wm. L. Foster of Hanover noted there, in 1885, white and red
oaks, the latter nearly a foot through, hickory, beech and tupelo. He was
told that holly grew there, but could find none. There is holly in the swamps
at the eastern end of the island large enough for fire-wood — very sizable logs
may be seen in the 'Sconset wood-piles— another melancholy sight. The whole
island is an example of what comes from cutting down the woods and mak-
ing no provision for their renewal. A few trees planted near dwellings for
shade or ornament, have spread somewhat by seed or suckers, but not
enough to be considered established. The common locust, the ailanthus, sil-
ver poplar and sycamore maple may be mentioned, but they make little
headway. The pines which make such a prominent feature in the landscape
are of late introduction, as it is well known. A stranger is surprised at the
straight lines in which they grow till he learns that they have come f vom
seed carefully sown by man.

Some wood plants probably died out after the trees that sheltered them
were gone; but even now, Nantucket, though treeless, is not a flowerless
isle; according to tradition it was once a garden of flowers. Such it was
called by the Frenchman, Marsillac, who nearly a hundred years ago, re-
gardless of his silk stockings, plunged into the swamps for their floral
treasures, and such was the testimony of those who, in the childhood of
the writer, could tell her of its appearance in the early part of this cen-
tury, before the sheep ran at large. Sheep have been kept on the island
from early times, but formerly the commons were divided by fences into
pastures, occupied in turn by the whole flock in successive years, leaving
each pasture two or more years to recover from the close cropping. The
Newtown Gate, which stood at the end of Orange street near the first mile-
stone, opened, during the resting years of the pasture beyond, upon an ex-
panse of luxuriant vegetation where many kinds of flowers were common
which afterwards were rarely found. About the year 1822 this system was
given up for the sheep to range at will, and those who loved the flowers
never ceased to lament the great decrease in their quantity and variety. In
1849, another change in the town laws forbade the free run of the sheep ;
many people gave up their flocks, those who held them kept them enclosed,
and the flowers had another chance, which they improved, — not unopposed,
however. Gunners are in the habit of burning the bushes in various parts
of the island during the yearly sporting season, and the fire burrows down
amongst the roots for some days, destroying forever much that grew on
those spots.

VI

The island flora interests all botanists from its peculiarity; those from
the interior notice first the coast plants, but from whatever part of New
England they come, they are surprised at the occurrence of species not
to be expected in this latitude — between forty and fifty perhaps — a large
number for the small region. Some belong to more northern localities,
but these are far less numerous than the southern plants, some of which
have never been found elsewhere in New England. It was a great pleas-
ure to several of the collectors named in the following pages to take
their discoveries to Dr. Gray,— our heaths, smilaxes, utricularias, etc. ; he
said at last that he was surprised at nothing from Nantucket.

The ocean round our shores is as prolific in rarities as the land;
amongst them are four species of algae not in Farlow's Manual, two of
them new to America. The fresh waters too are rich fields for collectors,
as Mr. Morong's remarks a few pages on will show.

While many species are extremely scarce, and to be found only in the
depths of thickets or in most secluded spots, others grow in lovely profusion.
The hills are covered in the spring with sheets of houstonias and bird-foot
violets, followed soon by a large-flowered chick-weed, which whitens the
plains. The hudsonia in equal abundance follows with its gold, and that is
succeeded by the golden aster (Chrysopsis) and the bitter polygala giving
their own color to the ground, till still later the golden-rods and the liatris
paint the scene. The gieat carpets of the bear-berry— " meal plum" in our
local speech — always attract the eye of a botanist. On the other hand, some
species equally beautiful are extremely local; the sabbatia, the upright-
leaved St. John's wort, the hyssop-leaved hedge-nettle, the swamp hibiscus
and the thread-leaved sundew are examples. These are fairly abundant
within their narrow limits, and their locality is easily, alas! far too easily,
accessible.

The Nantucket Sabbatia is called by Dr. Gray "an ambiguous form;"
there are other plants on the island that, to an acute observer, look differ-
ent from the same kinds on the main land. Whether the species have been
modified by long isolation, or the changes are due to more obvious causes,
would require closer observations than visitors can make in the few weeks of
their stay. The unusually bright color and large size of certain flowers have
often been noticed. Perhaps a study of the insects of the island in connec-
tion with its flowers would show the cause of these variations and of the
closely restricted locality of certain species, but the entomologist must ap-
pear soon, for the flowers are vanishing fast. Idle pleasure seekers with ruth-
less greed pick the sabbatia, with a determination worthy of a better cause,
not to leave one; the hibiscus is carried into 'Sconset by the armful, its

VII

tall stalks cut for a day's decoration, full of buds that, if let alone, would
grow and bloom for weeks and then ripen seed. Never is the Turk's cap lily,
that magnificent plant, admired and left for the delight of the next passers;
its stately stem, crowned with thirty, forty flowers, is cut or broken to the
ground and borne away, usually tied to the outside of the carriage, and at
the end of the trip, a sorry sight, with its tender flower stalks broken, and
its curled petals all in tatters, it is thrown without more ado on the rub-
bish heap.

In England, a beautiful wild lady's slipper, extinct except on a single es-
tate in Durham, is as carefully preserved by the owner as if it were pheas-
ants or fallow-deer; cannot our lovely flowers find protectors in those who
thoughtlessly destroy them now ? No one accuses them of malice, but the
result is the same, and without a change of course the hapless blossoms
will die out forever from the ponds they once fringed with their beauty,
and the hollows among the hills that they once lighted up with their
flame.

That the list which follows of the plants existing on the island in these
passing years is not complete, the compiler feels sure. Several species are
represented by one single individual, found in the depths of some swamp
or thicket, and until every clump of bushes has been thoroughly explored,
there is a chance for new discoveries, — and brilliant ones, for some of our
Nantucket plants have never been found elsewhere in New England, and
others very rarely. The spring-flowering plants, carices especially, are the
most likely to be among the lacking ones, as the botanists who have made
the list what it is have seldom visited the island except from July to the
middle of September.

The foundation of the work was a record of the plants collected and
identified by the writer in her early life, long before the era of local
catalogues. In late years, returning to her home after long absence, she
realized the remarkable character of the island flora, and determined to
publish her old list, with such additions as she could make in her short
occasional visits.

" For a web begun, Heaven sends thread." Mr. L. L. Dame of Med-
ford, who was in the habit of spending part of his summers in Nan-
tucket, offered his help at once, and how valuable it proved, the follow-
ing pages will in some measure show. Other botanists who visittd the
island heard of the catalogue in progress, and added to it year after year.
Mr. Walter Deane of Cambridge, and Judge J. R. Churchill of Doi Ches-
ter, who often collect together, have contributed many a new name, and
Mr. Deane has given me the advantage of his nearness to the Botanic

till

Garden and the Gray Herbarium, to determine doubtful specimens and to
investigate for me when I was not sure of the synonyms. What accuracy
the catalogue has in this respect is largely due to his faithful and pains-
taking aid.

Dr. C. W. Swan of Boston has lengthened the list, and has also named
for me many puzzling grasses and sedges collected by others. It is very
gratifying to have the algae from a specialist of Mr. F. S. Collins's high
standing, and particular thanks are due him for careful mention of lo-
calities, and interesting notes which will not only make the list a valua-
ble guide to all collectors on our shores, but will frequently give begin-
ners a useful hint about the names of their specimens.

Mr. John H. Redfield of Philadelphia has taken the pains to collect and
press specimens for me during his visits in Naiitucket, and his careful ob-
servations on our heaths have been of aid in confirming my own. The
names of other contributors will be found in the catalogue with their dis-
coveries.

The Rev. Thomas Morong of Ashland, Mass, visited Nantucket in 1887,
and explored its ponds and runs of water as thoroughly as a two weeks'
stay would allow; I take much pleasure in giving this eminent botanist's
observations in his own words:—

"The aquatic flora of Nantucket presents several very interesting fea-
tures. One is the way in which some of it antagonizes the same flora on
the adjacent mainland. Plants which on the other side of the Sound seem
to be scarce, or shy in fruiting, act in an opposite fashion on the island.
For instance, Potamogeton pulcher, Tuckerm, and P. Oakesianus, Robbins,
are rather rare on the main shore, and when occurring rarely yield per-
fect fruit, but in many of the small ponds of Nantucket these species
grow literally in heaps, and bear an abundance of good fruit. The same
may be said of P. pectinatus, L., a form which is found in brackish water.
On the other hand, such species as P. perfoliatus, L. and P. pusillus, L.,
which are extremely common and prolific on the mainland are quite scarce
in the Nantucket waters.

"The same is true of Typha. The species with slender, light brown spikes,
known as T. angustifolia, L., is wonderfully prolific on the island, cover-
ing whole acres of bogs, and bearing the most luxuriant stalks, and an
inflorescence the spikes of which are remarkable for their variety in size
and shape, while the other North American species, so common in the in-
terior of the Northern States, T. latifolia, L., is so scarce that I had to
hunt for a long time before I could find any specimens. This may be
accounted for, perhaps, by the fact that T. angustifolia, L. loves the sea-

board, and rarely occurs inland anywhere, but still, after making a special
study of the cat-tails, I am bound to say that this species attains a greater
perfection in Nantucket than in any locality with which I am acquainted.

" I also found in several of the island ponds Myriophyllum ambiguum,
Nutt, producing in the same spot all the forms of that species which are
described in Gray's Manual. In that little pond of unsavory local appel-
lation, "Rotten Pumpkin," these plants had filled almost every inch of
the water, and were climbing upon themselves in their eagerness to grow.
Wherever they had protruded their tops above the surface, the pectinate
emersed leaves appeared. This form of water-milfoil is seldom found on
the mainland in such profusion or perfection.

"Another thing of interest in respect to the aquatic vegetation of Nan-
tucket is the fact that it contains a few species of plants entirely peculiar,
and apparently the remains of an ancient flora. They belong to the order
Characece, which is remarkable for retaining special forms in the same lo-
calities unchanged for generations and probably for centuries. Nitella Mor-
ongii, Allen, n.sp., is, so far as we know, confined to one small pool in
Nantucket. Chara crinita, Wallr. var. leptosperma, A. Br., and Nitella
batrachosperma, A. Br., are not known to occur anywhere else in North
America. This, though on a small scale, is a significant fact. It would
seem to have an important bearing upon the geological history of the re-
gion, and to imply that these peculiar forms have been preserved by a re-
mote isolation of the island. Being subaqueous plants, the spores of which
are rather solid and sink readily into the mud, they could not be easily
transported across the sound, and so have remained in situ for ages, un-
disturbed, while all the other plants have been gradually diverging from
the ancient types.

" I might also speak of the numerous pot-holes and little pools, many
of which become dry in the summer, in and around which occur many
peculiar plants that belong to a more southern flora than that of the
adjacent mainland, but enough has been said to show that the vegetation
of Nantucket presents various interesting questions worthy of the atten-
tion of the trained botanist."

And it is not only living botanists who have assisted in the work. Wil-
liam Oakes visited Nantucket in 1829 ; in 1841 and again in 1847, he re-
ported the rarer plants he found there in Hovey's Magazine of Horticul-
ture and Botany. The late Dr. Robbins of Uxbridge was also there in
1829, and President Hitchcock of Amherst in 1833. Mr. Thos. A. Greene
of New Bedford collected on the island before 1829, and is known to have
formed an herbarium, — whether in existence now this writer cannot say.

Mr. Olney of Providence went in 1849 to make some special collections.
From all these sources valuable names have been gleaned for the list, al-
though few in number.

Doubtful specimens have been submitted to Dr. Gray, Dr. Sereno Wat-
son, Rev. Thomas Morong, Prof. Daniel C. Eaton, Dr. George Vasey, and
Prof. L. H. Bailey, Jr., and all have most kindly given decisions. Mr.
Warren Upham, of the United States Geological Survey, revised my state-
ments in regard to the geology of Nantucket County, drawn indeed from
articles of his on the same subject. I have many a pleasant memory of
the various attentions of Mrs. Matthew Starbuck and other Nantucket
friends, sending me specimens of what they thought would interest me,
and taking me out to ponds and swamps innumerable, when I was on the
island; I am indebted to others still for valuable information about island
matters beyond my own memory ; I mention by name Mr. William R.
Easton and Mr. Frederick C. Sanford, but all will please accept my hearty
thanks.

It is cause for regret that there is no herbarium in which all the plants
of the catalogue may be seen together ; but the Gray Herbarium at the
Botanic Garden in Cambridge, contains probably all of the rarer species,
and many of them are in the herbarium of the Springfield Botanical So-
ciety, while specimens both rare and common are in the possession of
most of the collectors named in these pages.

I know, myself, and hold in faithful remembrance, many more favors
and kindnesses than I have told from all who have given friendly aid,
but to set them forth to others would take a small volume. To these
friends and to all lovers of the fair science who pursue its study on our
breezy commons and by our blue ponds, I dedicate my work, hoping it
may guide to the pleasant paths where the compiler and her helpers have
walked in many happy seasons. M. L. o.

SPRINGFIELD, MASS., July 1, 1888.

Statistics of the Catalogue.

FLOWERING PLANTS.

Species native to the Nantucket Flora 470

Species introduced 116

Whole number of species 586

Varieties, native and introduced 50

Whole number of species and varieties 636

SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

Species and
Genera. Varieties.

Polypetalse 104 169

Gamopetalae 108 301

Apetalse 29 70

Whole number of Dicotyledons 341 440

Gymnospermae 3 3

Monocotyledons 86 193

Whole number of flowering plants .... 339 636

Flowerless plants excluding algae 19 40

Algae . 60 112

Whole number of flowerless plants 79 153

Farther statistics are not attempted, as they would be misleading unless
qualified by analysis. The repeated interference with the natural growth
of the island mentioned in the preface, has left a flora that must vary
much in its proportions from that which once covered the surface. About
twenty species of plants not counting trees, true natives, are represented
by a single individual, by two, or by a small group or patch of less
than a dozen plants. These, by the good hap of growing in places diffi-
cult of access, too deep in the swamps even for fire to reach them, have
survived the destruction of the rest of their kind, and are valuable as
indicating a larger flora than now prevails; but in a table of statistics
they ought not to count equally with the huckleberry bushes that over-
spread the hills, and the leather-leaf found in every swamp. What is left
of the wild growth has its lessons for special students, but each one,
knowing what he wants, will be obliged to reach his results from his own
count with its necessary deductions and qualifications.

Explanation of the Plan of the Catalogue.

In the arrangement of orders Gray's Manual is followed, with one or
two exceptions for which the reason will be readily seen. The names of
the plants with their authorities are also from the same Manual as far
as they occur in that work, but when a name has been changed and the
new one has been accepted by botanists, that is used whenever such a
decision has come to the compiler's knowledge, and the Manual name is
added in parenthesis as a synonym.

The names of species introduced into the United States are printed in
full-face type; some true natives of this country have evidently been in-
troduced into Nantucket, but that fact is indicated by some remark, and
not by change of type.

Whatever is to be said of the nomenclature and classification of the
algse and the few other cryptogamous plants, will be found with those
orders in the body of the catalogue.

The locality is given of species confined to a few spots or to one only;
when it is omitted it may be inferred that the plant is to be expected
wherever its natural habitat occurs. The locality of many others more
or less common is also mentioned for the aid of collectors.

When no statement is made in regard to frequency of occurrence it is
to be understood that the plant is about as common as on the main land.
When "common" is added to a name, it means that the species is rather
prominent in the island flora.

Localities are indicated in a general way; Bloomingdale, Hummock
Pond, &c., embrace the region about those places.

Mr. Dame's discoveries are so numerous that I have marked them by
his initials only, "L. L. D." For the same reason those of Judge Church-
ill and Mr. Deane, when they have collected together, are marked "C.
& D." Those names without credit are of common plants, or else of
those which, somewhat rare, have yet been known for years and been ob-
served by all.

Escapes from cultivation are very common in some of the streets of the
town; one may often see outside of a garden fence a petunia, a larkspur,
or a poppy, but these and many others are so plainly accidents of a sea-
son, that no record has been made of them.

PH^ENOGAMIA.

DICOTYLEDONS.

RANUNCULACE^E.
ANEMONE, L.

A. nemorosa, L. WIND-FLOWER.

THALICTRUM, Tourn.

T. polygamum, Muhl. (T. Cornuti, L.) TALL MEADOW-RUE.
A few depauperate specimens in swamps in Squam. L. L. D.

RANUNCULUS, L.

R. ambigens, Watson. (R. atismcefolius, Gray's Manual, not

of Geyer.)

Small bog near first mile-stone. C. & D.
R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. SEASIDE CROW-FOOT.

Marshes near the South Shore and elsewhere.
R. repens, L.

R. bulbosus. L. BUTTERCUP.
R. acris, L. BUTTERCUP.

t COPTIS, Salisb.
C. trifolia, Salisb. GOLDTHREAD.

BERBERIDACE^E.

BERBERIS, L.

B. vulgaris, L. BARBERRY.

One plant on the roadside between Bloomingdale and Sias-
conset. L. L. D.

3 (13)

14

NYMPH^EACE^E.

BRASENIA, Schreb.

B. peltata, Pursh. WATER-SHIELD.

JN YMPH.22A, -Lourn.

N. odorata, Ait. POND-LILY.

The flowers reach a greater size than in the interior of the
state ; remarkably large specimens are sometimes found in
shallow ponds nearly dried up by the summer heat.

NUPHAR, Smith.

N. ad vena, Ait. YELLOW POND-LILY.
Not common.

SARRACENIACE^E.

SARRACENIA, Tourn.

S. purpurea, L. PITCHER-PLANT.
Quaise, Polpis, &c. Scarce.

PAPAVERACEuE.

CHELIDONIUM, L.

C. majus, L. CELANDINE.

CRUCIFER^:.

CARDAMINE, L.

C. hirsuta. L. SMALL BITTER CRESS.
Ditch west of the town. L. L. D.

BARBAREA, E. Br.

B. vulgaris, E. Br. First reported in 1883 by Mrs. Harriet
Peirce, who noticed it as something new in a yard in Pearl
St. opposite her sitting-room window, and at the age of
eighty-nine no longer able to walk to it, sent a boy to get it
for her.

15

SlSYMBRIUM, L.

S. officinale, Scop. HEDGE-MUSTARD.

BRASSICA, Tourn.

B. nigra, Gray. BLACK-MUSTARD.

B. campestris, L. KUTABAGA. TURNIP.
In waste places.

DRABA, L.

D. verna, L. WHITLOW GRASS.

Abundant near the Asylum in Orange St., and at the foot of
Pleasant St. Mrs. Catharine Starbuck and Miss Florence M.
Merriam, April, 1879.

CAPSELLA, Vent.

C. Bursa-pastoris, Moench. SHEPHERD'S PURSE.

LEPIDIUM, L.
L. Virginicum, L. PEPPERGRASS.

CAKILE, Tourn.

C. Americana, Nutt. SEA ROCKET.
Common on the beaches.

RAPHANUS, L.
R. Raphanistrum, L. WILD RADISH. CHARLOCK.

RESEDACE^E.

RESEDA, L.

R. lutea, L. WILD MIGNONETTE.

This plant, not mentioned in Gray's Manual, seems thor-
oughly established in a pasture in Polpis, making a patch
about a rod in diameter. It does not seem probable that it
was ever cultivated where it grows, and how it got to Nan-
tucket must be left to conjecture. L. L. D. August, 1886.

16

VIOLACE^.

VIOLA, L. VIOLET.

V. lanceolata, L. LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.

Very common.
V. blanda, Willd.

V. palmata, L., var. cucullata, Gray. (V. cuc^lHata, Ait.)
V. sagittata, Ait.
V. pedata, L. BIRDFOOT VIOLET.

Albinos not uncommon.

CISTACE^E.

HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn.
H. Canadense, Michx. FROST- WEED.

HUDSONIA, L.

H. ericoides, L.

H. tomentosa, Nutt.

Both species abundant, and to be found in any part of the

island.

LECHEA, L. PINWEED.

L. major, Michx.

L. thymifolia, Gray, (L. maritima, W. H. Leggett.)

L. Novae-Caesareae, C. F. Austin.

L. racemulosa, Michx.

The first three species are common ; the last is credited to
Nantucket by Mr. Leggett in the Torrey Bot. Bulletin, vol.
6, p. 252, and has been found by Mr. Dame near Blooming-
dale and on Saul's Hills.

DROSERACE^E.

DROSERA. L. SUNDEW.

D. rotundifolia, L.

D. intermedia, Drew & Hayne, var. Americana, DC. (D. lon-

gifolia, L.)
D. filiformis, Raf. THREAD-LEAVED SUNDEW.

Neighborhood of Bloomingdale. Edge of Tom Never's Pond.

17
HYPERICACE^E.

ASCYRUM, L.

A. Crux-Andreae, \j. St. ANDREW'S CROSS.

Eastern end of the island from Wauwinet to Bloomingdale ;
very scarce. M. L. 0. L. L. D.

HYPERICUM, L. ST. JOHN'S- WORT.

H. adpressum, Barton.

Polpis, M. L. 0. Small ponds near Sesachacha, L. L. D.
H. perforatum, L.
H. maculatum, Walter. (H. corymbosum, Muhl.)

Not common.
H. mutilum, L.
H. Canadense, L.
H. nudicaule, Walter. (H. Sarothra, Michx.) ORANGE

GRASS. PINE-WEED.

Abundant on the commons.

ELODEA, Juss. MARSH ST. JOHN'S WORT.

E. campanulata, Pursh. (JZlodes Virginica, Nutt.)
Common in bogs.

ELATINACE^E.

ELATINE, L. WATER-WORT.

E. Americana, Arnott.

Ice Pond. Almanac Pond, M. L. 0. Maxcy's Pond, Mo-
rong.

CARYOPHYLLACEiE.

DlANTHUS, L.

D. Armeria, L. DEPTFORD PINK.

Two plants growing in a sheep pasture between Blooming-
dale and Siasconset. L. L. D.

18
SAPONARIA, L.

S. officinalis, L. SOAPWORT.

Streets and fields on the western edge of the town ; usually
double. Local name, "Bunch of Keys."

SILENE, L.

S. inflata, Smith. BLADDER CAMPION.

Scarce.
S. Armeria, L. SWEET-WILLIAM CATCHFLY.

An escape ; not common. Miss Kite.

LYCHNIS, Tourn.

L. vespertina, Sibth. EVENING LYCHNIS.

One plant with staminate flowers in Gunter Alley in town.

M. L. 0. 1883.
L. Githago, Lam. CORN COCKLE. Local name "French

Pink." Seen occasionally in fields.

ARENARIA, L. SANDWORT.

A. serpyllifolia, L.

A. lateriflora, L.
Siasconset, M. L. 0. South Shore, Win. L. Foster.

A. peploides, L. BEACH SANDWORT.

North Beach, Wauwinet, Siasconset and South Shore ; prob-
ably along the whole shore of the island. Abundant from
Siasconset to Sancoty.

STELLARIA, L.
S. media, Smith. CHICKWEED.

CERASTIUM, L.

C. viscosum, L. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.
Very abundant on the commons, bearing flowers of larger
size than on the main land.

19

SAGINA, L. PEARLWORT.

S. procumbens, L.
Siasconset, Sancoty, &c.

LEPIGONUM, Fries. SANDWORT.

L. rubrum, Fries. (Spergularia rubra, Presl. var. campestris,

Gray.)
L. salinum, Fries. (S. saUna, Presl.)

Polpis marshes, growing with L. medium. L. L. D.
L. medium, Fries. (S. media, Presl.)

Common near the shore and on pond borders.

SPERQULA, L. CORN SPURREY.

S. arvensis, L.

Rather common in cultivated fields.

+

ILLECEBRACE^E.

SCLERANTHUS, L.

S. annuus, L. KNAWEL.

MOLLUGO, L.

M. verticillata, L. CARPET-WEED.

PORTULACACE^E.
P. oleracea, L. PURSLANE.

MALVACEAE.

MALTA, L.
M. rotundifolia, L. COMMON MALLOW,

HIBISCUS, L.

H. Moscheutos, L. MARSH HIBISCUS.

Eastern end of the island, in occasional patches between Cos-
katy and Sancoty, and at Keed Pond.

20

LINAGES.

LINUM, L. FLAX.
L. Virginianum, L.
L. sulcatum, Riddell.
Polpis. J. R. Churchill.

GERANIACE^.

GERANIUM, L.

G. maculatum, L. WOOD GERANIUM.
G. Carolinianum, L.

Abundant in a field near the west end of Sesachacha. L. L. D.
G. Robertianum, L. HERB ROBERT.

Occasional under red cedars, on Coatue near the Head of the
Harbor. L. L. D.

ERODIUM. L'Her.

E. cicutarium, L'Her. STORK'S BILL.

Gay St. 1850. One plant near Mr. Jas. M. Bunker's front
steps. Academy Lane, 1851. One plant near the gate of
Mr. Bunker's back yard. M. L. 0.

IMPATIENS, L. TOUCH-ME-NOT. JEWEL-WEED.

I. fulva, Nutt.

Mr. Dame finds at Eatfire a variety closely resembling that
mentioned in the Manual under 7. fulva.

OXALIS, L. WOOD-SORREL.
0. corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. (0. stricta, L.)

ANACARDIACE^.

RHUS, L. SUMACH.
R. glabra, L.
R. copallina, L.

Siasconset, Wauwinet, &c.
R. venenata, DC. POISON SUMACH.

Abundant in Gibbs's Swamp, and occasional opposite Bloom-

ingdale and in Polpis.

21

R. Toxicodendron, L. POISON IVY.

Both the climbing and erect forms abundant.

VITACEiE.

VITIS, Tourn.

V. Labrusca, L. Fox GRAPE.

Abundant in the swamps at Polpis, Squam, &c.
V. aBstivalis, Michx. SUMMER GRAPE.

A single plant in Tom N'ever's Swamp. L. L. D. 1886.

AMPELOPSIS, Michx.
A. quinquefolia, Michx. VIRGINIA CREEPER.

SAPINDACE^.

ACER, Tourn.
A. rubrum, L. RED MAPLE.

Common in the swamps, in a dwarfed condition.

POLYGALACEu®.

POLTGALA, Tourn.
P. sanguinea, L.
P. cruciata, L.
P. verticillata, L.
P. polygama, Walt. BITTER POLYGALA. Local name " Cen-

taury."

Very abundant on the commons. Albinos found sometimes.

LEGUMINOS^E.

TRIFOLIUM, L.

T. arvense, L. RABBIT-FOOT CLOVER.
T. pratense, L. RED CLOVER.
T. repens, L. WHITE CLOVER.
T. agrarium, HOP-CLOVER.
T. procumbens, L. Low HOP-CLOVER.
T, hybridum, L. ALSIKE.
Washing Pond, J. R. Churchill. A patch in town, L. L. D.

22

ULEX, L. FUKZE. GOESE.

U. Europaeus, L. Introduced by John O'Connell about the
year 1860. Growing still on his farm near Hummock Pond ;
it seems well established there, and has spread both within
the fence arid along the road on the outside.

CYTISUS, L.

C. scoparius, Link. SCOTCH BROOM.

One plant well established near the furze bushes of the O'Con-
nell farm. J. H. Redfield.

MELILOTUS, Tourn.
M. alba, Lam. SWEET CLOVER.

MEDICAGO, L.

M. lupulina, L. NONESUCH.
About the old wharves, L. L. D.

TEPHROSIA. Pers.

T. Virginiana, Pers. INDIAN BEAN. (Local name.)

Common. A form with all the petals of a pale straw color
found near Miacomet.

DESMODIUM, DC. TICK-TREFOIL.

D. ciliare, DC. J. E. Churchill.

LESPEDEZA, Michx. BUSH-CLOVER.
L. procumbens, Michx.
L. violacea, Pers.

L. hirta, Ell. Occasional amongst the pines near the Agricul-
tural Grounds, and on the commons east of the town. C. & D.
L. capitata, Michx.

CORONILLA, L.
C. varia, DC. PINK CORONILLA.

Escaped at Siasconset, L. L. D. On the edge of the town,
W. Deane. No seed pods have ever been found.

VICIA, Tourn. VETCH. TARE.

V. sativa, L.

Occasional in door-yards and old fields.

LATHTEUS, L.

L. maritimus, Big. BEACH PEA.
L. paluster, L. MARSH VETCHLING.

Marshes north of the Creeks. M. L. 0. Hummock Pond.

J. H. Redfield.

APIOS, Boerh.

A. tuberosa, Moench. GROUND-NUT.
Tom Never's Pond and elsewhere.

AMPHICARP^JA, Ell.

A. monoica, Nutt. HOG PEA-NUT.

BAPTISIA, Vent.

B. tinctoria, R. Br. WILD INDIGO.

CASSIA, L.

C. Chamaecrista, L. DWARF CASSIA.

A small patch on the outside of the town, on the road to
Quaise ; found also in Quaise.

[The Kentucky Coffee Tree, (Oymnodadus Canadensis, Lam.)
in a yard in Coffin St. has grown from a young plant set out
by Mr. Samuel H. Jenks about the year 1840.]

ROSACES.

PRUNUS, Tourn.

P. maritima, Wang. BEACH PLUM.

Occasional. Found in the interior of the island as well as

near the shore.
P. serotina, Ehrh. WILD BLACK CHERRY.

Occasional.

BRANDEGEE HERBARIUM

24

SPIR^A, L.

S. salicifolia, L. MEADOW-SWEET.

Not very common.
S. tomentosa, L. HARDBACK.

Bare ; racemes depauperate. L. L. D.

AGRIMONIA, Tourn.
A. Eupatoria, L. AGRIMONY.

GEUM, L. AVENS.

G. album, Gmelin.
G. Virginianum, L.

POTENTILLA, L. ClNQUE-FOIL.

P. Norvegica, L.
P. Canadensis, L. FIVE-FINGER.
P. Canadensis, L., var. simplex, Torr. & Gray.
P. argentea, L.

P. Anserina, L. SILVER-WEED.
Eatfire, Polpis, &c.

FRAGARIA, Tourn. STRAWBERRY.

F. Virginiana, Ehrh.

Scarce.
F. vesca, L.

Rare. L. L. D.

RUBUS, Tourn. BRAMBLE.

R. triflorus, Richards.

Bog near Sancoty ; rare. L. L. D.
R. strigosus, Michx. RED RASPBERRY.

Not common. L. L. D. J. H. Redfield.
R. villosus, Ait. HIGH BLACKBERRY.
R. Canadensis, L. DEWBERRY.
R. hispidus, L. RUNNING SWAMP BLACKBERRY.

25

ROSA, Tourn.

R. Carolina, L. SWAMP ROSE.

R. iucida, Ehrh. DWARF WILD-ROSE.

CRAT^GUS, L.

C. tomentosa, L., var. punctata, Gray. BLACK THORN.

C. Crus-galli, L. COCKSPUR THORN.

A hedge enclosing a tract of land west of the town, set out
by William Henry Gardner about 1830, to shield young mul-
berry trees ; Mr. Gardner also planted another hedge in a
lot across the Creeks. Although the shrub is a native of
America no wild plant has yet been reported on the island.

PlRUS, L.

P. arbutifolia, L. CHOKE-BERRY.

AMELANCHIER, Medic.
A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.

SAXIFRAGACE^E.

RlBES, L.

R. hirtellum, Michx. GOOSEBERRY.
Rather common in thickets.

CRASSULACE^:.

TlLL^A, L.

T. simplex, Nutt.

" On the dried borders of small ponds at Nan tucket." Oakes.
1829, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture and Botany. Vol.
VII. Not reported since.

SEDUM, Tourn.

S. acre, L. MOSSY STONE-CROP.
Sparingly escaped. L. L. D.

26

HALORAGE^.

MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. WATER-MILFOIL.

M. ambiguum, Nutt., the type form and var. capillaceum, Gray.
Both are abundant in Rotten Pumpkin and Paddock Ponds.
Morong.

(Note by Mr. Morong. I do not believe that var. natans,
Gray, or the type, if that variety is to be considered the type,
and var. capillaceum, Gray, can be kept distinct, for in both
these ponds the plant is at first var. capillaceum while im-
mersed, but very soon it gets its head above water, and im-
mediately forms pectinate leaves, — that is, becomes the type,
as described in Gray's Manual. I have plenty of specimens
in both conditions which grew together.)

M. tenellum, Big.
Cain's Pond, 1858. M. L. 0.

PROSERPINACA, L.
P. palustris, L. MERMAID- WEED.

ONAGRACE^.

CIRCLEA, Tourn. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.
C. Lutetiana, L.

EPILOBIUM, L. WILLOW-HERB.

E. hirsutum, L.

Raised in or about 1855 in a garden in Union St., from which
it gradually spread by seed, until it is now well established in
many waste places about town, and is found sometimes in the
fields.

E. palustre, L., var. lineare, Gray.

E. coloratum, Muhl.
Wet borders of Madequecham Pond and elsewhere.

(ENOTHERA, L.
(E. biennis, L. EVENING PRIMROSE.

27

LUDWIGIA, L.

L. palustris, Ell.

MELASTOMACE^E.

RHEXIA, L. DEER-GRASS.
R. Virginica, L. Quaise, &c.

LYTHRACE^E.

LYTHRUM, L.

L. Salicaria, L. PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE.
A few plants, in danger of extinction, near Long Pond.

, Comm. Juss.

N. verticillata, H. B. K. SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE.
Very common ; abundant on the edge of ponds and in peat
holes in various localities.

CACTACEiE.

OPUNTIA, Tourn. PRICKLY PEAR.

0. yulgaris, Mill.

0. Rafinesquii, Engelm.

Both species quite abundant on Coatue, the northern limit of

the genus on the Atlantic coast.

CUCURBITACE/E.

SICTOS, L.
S. angulatus, L. ONE-SEEDED STAR CUCUMBER.

ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray.

E. lobata, Torr. & Gray. WILD BALSAM APPLE.
About yards ; probably introduced.

28
UMBELLIFERJE.

HTDEOCOTYLE, Tourn. WATER- PENNYWORT.

H. umbellata, L.

Very common ; probably on the muddy edge of every pond
on the island.

(Note by Mr. Morong. In Long Pond I found it growing in
masses in water two or three feet deep, and sending out root-
lets at each joint. )

DAUCUS, Tourn.

D. Carota, L. CARROT.
Too common ; a great pest over-running entire fields.

HERACLEUM, L.

H. lanatum, Michx. COW-PARSNIP.
Squam ; thickets near Sesachacha and elsewhere.

-

LlGUSTICUM, L.

L. Scoticum, L. SCOTCH LOVAGE.
Pocomo.

DISCOPLEURA, DC.

D. capillacea, DC. MOCK BISHOP- WEED.
Abundant in almost any wet place.

SIUM, L.

S. lineare, Michx.

Rotten Pumpkin and Cato's Ponds and elsewhere.

ARALIACE^.

ARALTA, Tourn.
A. nudicaulis, L. Not common.

29
CORNACE^E.

CORNUS, Tourn.

C. Canadensis, L. DWARF CORNEL.

Scarce.
C. florida, L. FLOWERING DOGWOOD.

Rare ; only two or three plants reported.

NYSSA, L.

N. multiflora, Wang. TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE.

Abundant in Bloomingdale swamp, also in swamps near Pol-
pis and Wauwinet. It assumes a shrubby character, seldom
rising to the height of a tree. L. L. D.

CAPRIFOLIACE^:.

Gronov.

L. borealis, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.

A patch 15 to 20 feet in diameter discovered in the pines, in
1868 or 1869 by Mr. L. L. Dame. A patch in the pines on
the South Shore road discovered in 1872 by Miss C. L. Tal-
lant. In 1886 Mr. Dame looked in vain for his plants ; the
pines had been partly killed, and the Linnaea seemed to have
gone with them. Miss Tallant saw her patch not more than
two years.

SAMBUCUS, Tourn.

S. Canadensis, L. ELDER.
Common.

VIBURNUM, L.

V. dentatum, L. ARROW-WOOD.

Rather rare.

V. molle, Michx. Much more abundant.
5

30

RUBIACE^E.

GALITJM, L. CLEAVERS.

G. trifidum, L.

G. triflorum, Michx.

G. pilosum, Ait.

Coskaty, Quidnit, &c.
G. circaezans, Michx. WILD LIQUORICE.

CEPHALANTHUS, L.

C. occidentalis, L. BUTTON-BUSH.
Very common.

MITCHELLA, L.

M. repens, L. PARTRIDGE-BERRY.

Scarce. Trot Swamp, M. L. 0. Polpis, L. L. D.

HOUSTONIA, L.

H. purpurea, L., var. longifolia, Gray.

Near Long Pond. L. L. D.
H. cserulea, L.

Very common.

COMPOSITE.

LIATRIS, Schreb. BLAZING-STAR.

L. scariosa, Willd.
Very abundant on the commons. Albinos not infrequent.

EUPATORIUM, Touru.

E. teucrifolium, Willd.

E. rotundifolium, L. J. K. Churchill.

E. rotundifolium, L., var. ovatum, Torr. (E. pubescens, Muhl.)

E. perfoliatum, L. THOROUGHWORT.

SERICOCARPUS, Nees. WHITE-TOPPED ASTER.

S. solidagineus, Nees.
S. conyzoides, Nees.

31
ASTER, L.

A. spectabilis, Ait. SHOWY ASTER.

A. concolor, L.

A. patens, Ait.

A. undulatus, L.

Rather common. Plains opposite Bloomingdale.

A. ericoides, L. HEATH-LIKE ASTER.

A. dumosus, L. BUSHY ASTER.

A. Novi-Belgii, L., var. litoreus, Gray.

A. subulatus, Michx. (A. UnifoUus, L.) ANNUAL SEA ASTER.

A. umbellatus, Mill. (Diplopappusiimbellatus,Torr. & Graj.)

A. linariifolius, L. (Diplopappus linariifolius, Hook.) SA-
VORY-LEAVED ASTER.

ERIGERON, L. FLEABANE.

E. Canadensis, L. HORSE-WEED.
E. strigosus, Muhl. DAISY FLEABANE.
E. strigosus, Muhl., var. discoideus, Bobbins.
Fields about Bloomingdale and elsewhere.

SOLIDAGO, L. GOLDENROD.

S. csesia, L.

S. puberula, Nutt.

S. sempervirens, L. MARSH GOLDENROD.

Quite abundant at the Cliff, and at Brant Point.
S. Elliottii, T. & Gr. (S. elliptica, Ait.)
S. neglecta, T. & Gr.

S. neglecta, T. & Gr., var. linoides, Gray. (8. linoides, Sol.)
S. rugosa, Mill. (S. altissima, L.)
S. ulmifolia, Muhl.

Common near Hummock Pond. Mr. Walter Deane.
S. odora, Ait. SWEET GOLDENROD.

Not uncommon between Bloomingdale and Tom Never's Head.
The scentless form (var. inodora of the Manual) found in

Squam. M. L. 0.

32

S. nemoralis, Ait. GREY GOLDENEOD.

Has a peculiar, almost prostrate way of growing in many

places. C. & D.
S. Canadensis, L.
S. Canadensis, L., var. procera, Gray.

On the commons between Gibbs's Pond and town. W. Deane-
S. serotina, Ait., var. gigantea, Gray. (S. serotina of Man.)
S. lanceolata, L.
S. tenuifolia, Pursh.

Very common.

CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt.

C. falcata, Ell. GOLDEN ASTER.
Everywhere.

PLUCHEA, Cass.

P. camphorata, DC. SALT-MARSH FLEABANE.

Common in the salt marshes ; very luxuriant about Coskaty
Pond.

BACCHARIS, L.

B. halimifolia, L. GROUNDSEL-TREE.

Discovered at Coskaty by Mr. Nathaniel Tallant in 1849. At
that time the trees were healthy and rather numerous, but
there are few left now. Some twenty years ago there was a
clump at the Head of the Harbor, standing in the salt water
which had come up to their location apparently from the
washing away of the beach. They were nearly dead, and
probably no vestige of them now remains.

AMBROSIA, Tourn.
A. artemisiaefolia, L. RAGWEED.

XANTHIUM, Tourn. COCKLEBUR.

X. Canadense, Mill., var. echinatum, Gr. (X. strumarium,
L., var. echinatum. Gray.)
Common near the ocean.

33

RUDBECKIA, L. CONE-FLOWER.

R. hirta, L.

There is no record of the first appearance of this plant in
Nantucket ; it was probably about 1878. Rather common at
Siasconset now, and becoming so in other parts of the island.

HELIANTHUS, L. SUNFLOWER.

H. strumosus, L.

Wauwinet, C. & D.
H. divaricatus, L.
II. tuberosus, L. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.

Sparingly escaped. L. L. D.

BIDENS, L. BUR-MARIGOLD.

B. connata, Muhl. BEGGAR-TICKS.

B. cernua, L. Near Miacomet and elsewhere. C. & D.

B. chrysanthemoides, Michx.

ANTHEMIS, L.
A. Cotula, L. (Maruta Cotula, DC.) MAY-WEED.

ACHILLEA, L.

A. Millefolium, L. YARROW.

The form with pink flowers not uncommon.

CHRYSANTHEMUM, Tourn. (Leucanthemum, Tourn.)

C. Leucanthemum, L. (L. vulgare, Lam.) WHITE- WEED.
DAISY.

C. Parthenium, Pers. FEVERFEW.
Sparingly escaped.

TANACETUM, Tourn. TANSY.

T. vulgare, L.

Occasional by roadsides; the form " var. crispum" rare.

34

ARTEMISIA, L. WORMWOOD.

A. caudata, Michx.

Common.
A. vulgaris, L. MUG WORT.

GNAPHALIUM, L.

G. polycephalum, Michx. LIFE EVERLASTING.
G. uliginosum, L. CUDWEED.
G. purpureum, L.
Rare. S. T. Olney.

ANTENNARIA, Gaertn.
A. plantaginifolia, Hook. PLANTAIN-LEAVED EVERLASTING.

ANAPHALIS, DC.

A. margaritacea, Benth & Hook. (Antennaria margaritacea,
R. Br.) SILVER BUTTON (local name). Very common.

ERECHTHITES, Raf.
E. hieracifolia, Raf. FIREWEED.

SENECIO, L.

S. vulgaris, L. GROUNDSEL.
A weed in cultivated grounds ; not very common.

CNICUS, Tourn. (Cirsium, Tourn., of Manual.)

C. lanceolatus, Hoffm. COMMON THISTLE.

C. altissiinus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. (Cirsium discolor,

Spreng. )

Coskaty.
C. pumilus, Torr. PASTURE THISTLE.

Very common ; almost white flowers found.
C. horridulus, Pursh. YELLOW THISTLE.

Common.
C. arvensis, Hoffm. CANADA THISTLE.

Common.

35

ARCTIUM, L.

A. Lappa, L., yar. minus, Gr. (Lappa officinalis, All.,
var. minor, Gr.) BURDOCK.

CICHORIUM, Tourn.

C. Intybus, L. SUCCORY. CHICORY.
At the south end of Orange St. scattered along the roadside,
where it has been known for fifty years, and never, apparent-
ly, any more or any less abundant than now. Mr. Dame re-
ports two plants in Siasconset and a few in Polpis, in 1886.

KRIGIA, Schreb.
K. Virginica, Willd. DWARF DANDELION.

LEONTODON, L., Juss.

L. autumnale, L. FALL DANDELION.
Very common.

HIERACIUM, Tourn.

H. Canadense, Michx. CANADA HAWKWEED.

H. Gronovii, L.

H. venosum, L. KATTLESNAKE-WEED.

PRENANTHES, Vaill.
P. alba, L. (Ndbalus albus, Hook.) RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.

TARAXACUM, Haller. DANDELION.
T. officinale, Web. (T. Dens-Leonis, Desf.)

LACTUCA, Tourn.

L. Canadensis, L. WILD LETTUCE.

L. hirsuta, Muhl. (L. Canadensis, L., var. sanguinea, Torr.

& Gr.)

Peat-hole near Sesachacha, L. L. D., and on the commons

near the Washing Pond, J. E. Churchill.

36

SONCHUS, L. SOW-THISTLE.

S. oleraceus, L.
S. asper, Vill.
Both species about cellar-holes, wharves, etc. L. L. D.

LOBELIACE^E.

LOBELIA, L.
L. cardinalis, L. CARDINAL-FLOWER.

Quaise and Polpis.
L. inflata, L. INDIAN TOBACCO.

CAMPANULACEiE.

SPECULARIA, Heister.
S. perfoliata, A. DC. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.

ERICACEAE.

GAYLUSSACIA, H. B. K. HUCKLEBERRY.

G. duinosa, Torr. & Gray. DWARF HUCKLEBERRY.

Common between Bloomingdale and Tom Never's Head;

found also at Quaise, Polpis, &c.

G. frondosa, Torr. & Gray. Not very common. L. L. D.
G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.

Very common.

VACCINIUM, L.

V. Oxycoccus, L. SMALL CRANBERRY.

Very common in low, wet grounds.
V. macrocarpon, Ait. CRANBEHRY.
V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. DWARF BLUEBERRY.

Abundant. A form at Tom Never's Head (var. nigrum,

Wood) distinguished by leaves of a darker green, and shining

black berries destitute of bloom. L. L. D.
V. vacillans, Soland. Low BLUEBERRY.

Rather common.

V. corymbosum, L. SWAMP BLUEBERRY.
V. corymbosum, L., var. atrococcum, Gray.

37

CHIOGENES, Salisb.

0. hispidula, Torr. & Gray. CREEPING SNOWBERRY.
In a peat hole near Polpis ; rare. L. L. D.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. BEAR-BERRY.

A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. (Local name, "Meal-plum.")
Very abundant and luxuriant in growth.

EPIG^A, L. TRAILING AR'BUTUS.

E. repens, L.

Once abundant and of luxuriant growth under the scrub-oaks
on the commons ; still rather frequent near Hummock Pond,
on the William Worth road and elsewhere. Generally called
" Mayflower " in Nantucket. To collect the flowers of this
plant, its long stems are usually torn up by the yard, stripped
of the desirable clusters, and then thrown down to die. This
is done in ignorance of the fact that the plant is a trailing
shrub, and that its woody stems represent the growth of
years. As it rarely seeds, it is important to leave these long
runners unhurt, or extinction will surely follow.

GAULTHERIA, Kalm. WINTERGREEN.

G. procumbens, L. IVORY PLUM. IVY PLUM. (Local names.)
Rather common.

CASSANDRA, Don.

C. calyculata, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.
Abundant.

ANDROMEDA, L.
A. ligustrina, Muhl.

CLETHRA, L.

C. alnifolia, L. ALDER-LEAVED CLETHRA.
Very common in the swamps and thickets.

38
CALLUNA, Salisb.

C. vulgaris, Salisb. LING. HEATHER.

A single plant discovered in 1880 by Charles Thomas, Jr. and
Lawrence Coffin, both school boys at the time. It is on the
open common far from cultivated ground, and its introduc-
tion by human agency seems highly improbable. Mr. J. H.
Redfield, who has visited the island on purpose to examine its
three heaths, thinks that the appearance of the plant and the
size of the stock indicate a very considerable age. In 1886 a
second plant was detected by Lawrence Coffin, but this one in
a nursery belonging to Mr. Henry Coffin, amongst imported
pine trees (Pinus sylvestris, L. ) brought probably from Scot-
land. Other specimens were found the next year in the same
lot, and many vigorous young seedlings, so that the plant
seems likely to become established.

ERICA, L. HEATH.

E. cinerea, L. BELL HEATHER.

A single plant discovered in 1868 by Mrs. E. E. Atwater of
Chicago, a visitor to the island. Its location and even its ex-
istence were unknown in Nantucket until 1878, when it was
re-discovered by Mrs. Wm. A. Spinney. As in the case of
the Calluna, there is nothing in its surroundings, the usual
and characteristic vegetation of that part of the island, to
indicate intentional introduction. It is desirable to keep the
locality of this rare plant from idle curiosity, but Mrs. Spin-
ney and her family have always taken botanists to it with
pleasure. The place is also known now to several persons who
have come across it by good fortune, as its first discoverer did.
Some of these are residents of the island, some are summer
visitors, but they have kept the secret they have surprised, as
bound by honor, and from true regard for the beautiful little
thing whose place would soon know it no more, but for their
kindly reticence. They have the hearty thanks of all bota-
nists, present and future, for whom they save it.

39

E. tetralix, L. CKOSS-LEAVED HEATH.

In July, 1884, Miss Susan Coffin noticed eight or ten plants
of this heath in bloom amongst the imported pines in her
father, Mr. Henry Coffin's lot. (See Calluna above.) In
1887 there were more than twice as many, all healthy and
vigorous and blooming abundantly.

KALMIA, L.

K. latifolia, L. MOUNTAIN LAUREL.

A single bush on the plains opposite Bloomingdale. It is a
dwarf specimen, not more than a foot high, but perfectly
healthy and vigorous ; no indication of flowers to be found.
L. L. D.

K. angustifolia, L. SHEEP LAUREL.

RHODODENDRON, L.

R. viscosum, Torr. (Azalea viscosa, L.) SWAMP PINK.

Common.
R. viscosum, Torr., var. nitidum, Gray.

Near Sesachacha, L. L. D.

PYROLA, Tourn.

P. rotundifolia, L. FALSE WINTERGREEN.
P. chlorantha, Sw.

CHIMAPHILA, Pursh.

C. umbellata, Nutt. PRINCE'S PINE.

C. maculata, Pursh. SPOTTED PRINCE'S PINE.
Rare. Noticed of late years growing in the shelter of the
pines, but never reported before the planting of those trees.

MONOTROPA, L.

M. uniflora, L. INDIAN PIPE.

Not uncommon amongst the pines.
M. Hypopitys, L. PINE-SAP.

Pines near Agricultural grounds. C. & D.

40

ILICINE^.

ILEX, L.

I. opaca, Ait. AMERICAN HOLLY.

Never reported in flower or fruit. Becoming rare, as it has

been cut for firewood. Sizable logs have been noticed in the

wood-piles at Siasconset.
I. verticillata, Gray. BLACK ALDER.

Rather common.
I. glabra, Gray. INK-BERRY.

Very abundant in Gibbs's Swamp and at Bloomingdale.

Found at Orange St. R. R. crossing.

PLANTAGINACE/E.
PLANTAGO, L.

P. major, L. COMMON PLANTAIN.

P. Rugelii, Decaisne. (P. Kamtschatica of Man.)

Very scarce. Messrs. Churchill and Deane saw a very few
specimens near the Orange St. R. R. crossing, and in a wet
meadow not far from the same. Can it be that this native
(as it is regarded) has been nearly driven off the face of the
island by P. major introduced with the white settlers ?

P. decipiens, Barn. (P. maritima, L., var. juncoides,Gr.) SEA
PLANTAIN.
Common in salt marshes.

P. lanceolata, L. RIBWORT.
Common.

PLUMBAGINACE^E.

STATICE, Tourn.

S. Limonium, L., var. Caroliniana, Gray. MARSH ROSEMARY.
Common at Brant Pt., and in the salt marshes.

PRIMULACE^.

TRIENTALIS, L.
T. Americana, Pursh. STAR-FLOWER.

41

LYSIMACHIA, Tourn.

L. stricta, Ait. UPRIGHT LOOSESTRIFE.

L. quadrifolia, L. FOUR-LEAVED LOOSESTRIFE.

L. vulgaris, L.

Escaped. A patch in a cross road in Siasconset observed for
ten years past, its area slowly spreading. L. L. D. 1886. A
patch in town in a lane running from the south end of Union
St. to the water, noticed for about the same length of time.
M. L. 0.

L. Nummularia, L. MONEYWORT.

An escape thoroughly naturalized near town.

ANAGALLIS, Tourn. PIMPERNEL.

A. arvensis, L. POOR MAN'S WEATHERGLASS.
Very common in the beach sand ; found also in cultivated
grounds.

SAMOLUS, L. WATER PIMPERNEL.

S. Valerandi, L., var. Americanus, Gray.
Marshes near the Creeks.

LENTIBULACE/E.

UTRICULARIA, L. BLADDERWORT.

U. vulgaris, L.

Polpis and elsewhere ; rather common.
U. clandestina, Nutt.

Ditches in Polpis choked with it. M. L. 0., 1880.

Bog near Almanac Pond. Rev. G. W. Perry, 1881.
U. intermedia, Hayne.

A single non-flowering specimen in Reed Pond. Morong, 1887.
U. subulata, L.

Tom Never's Pond and Gibbs's Pond. M. L. 0., 1879.
U. subulata, L., var. cleistogama, Gray.

The terrestrial form with few leaves and those hidden in the

ground, in open places in that part of Tom Never's Swamp

directly south of the roadside pool at Bloomingdale ; very

42

abundant there growing with the Thread-leaved Sundew. Also
found in abundance on the west side of Almanac Pond, under
the herbaceous plants and low shrubs. The aquatic form,
very leafy, grows round the half-sunken bowlder in the pond
on the same side. The finest specimens of the leafy form are
on the edge of a very small pond, hidden by bushes from the
road, in "Beech wood," a farm in Polpis belonging to Mr.
Sanford. At the water's edge the ground is green with the
leaves. M. L. 0., 1880. The type and the variety have not
yet been found growing together.

SCROPHULARIACEJE.

VERBASCUM, L.

V. Thapsus, L. COMMON MULLEIN.

V. Blattaria,L. MOTH MULLEIN.

Not common. Some half dozen persistent plants noticed
for many years in Walnut Lane in town ; also noticed in Sias-
conset.

LIN ARIA, Tourn.

L. Canadensis, Spreng. CANADA SNAPDRAGON.

Has a much more vigorous habit than on the main land.
L. vulgaris, Mill. BUTTER AND EGGS.

Not infrequent on the edge of the town.

GRATIOLA, L.

G. aurea, Muhl. HEDGE-HYSSOP.
Very common on the edge of the ponds.

ILYSANTHUS, Raf.

I. gratioloides, Benth. FALSE PIMPERNEL.

Between Siasconset and Sancoty. On the borders of Sesach-
acha a form nearly white, having only a small purple blotch
on the lower lip. Morong.

43

LlMOSELLA, L.

L. aquatica, L., var. tenuifolia, Hoffm. MUDWORT.
Sesachacha Pond, in profuse abundance, making a green car-
pet at the water's edge. Also at Hummock, but less abun-
dant, and at Great Mioxes and Reedy Ponds.

VERONICA, L.

V. arvensis, L. CORN-SPEEDWELL.
Plainfield.

GERARDIA, L.

G. purpurea, L. PURPLE GERARDIA.

Flowers of larger size and brighter color than on the main
land. Very common. Albinos sometimes found.

G. maritima, Raf. SEA-SIDE GERARDIA.
Eatfire, Coskaty, &c.

SCHWALBEA, Gronov.

S. Americana, L. CHAFF-SEED.

Plains opposite Bloomingdale ; rare. L. L. D. Plants of
luxuriant growth, but few in number.

PEDICULARIS, Tourn.
P. Canadensis, L. LOUSEWORT. WOOD BETONY.

MELAMPYRUM, Tourn.

M, Americanum, Michx. COW-WHEAT.
Plains opposite Bloomingdale. Common.

VERBENACE^i.

VERBENA, L.
V. hastata, L. BLUE VERVAIN.

44

LABIATE.

TEUCRIUM, L.

T. Canadense, L. GERMANDER.
Eatfire and elsewhere.

TRICHOSTEMA, L.

T. dichotomum, L. BLUE CURLS.
Very common.

MENTHA, L.
M. viridis, L. SPEARMINT.

LYCOPUS, L.

L. Virginicus, L. BUGLE-WEED.

Grove Lane and in the swamps near Hummock Pond. Miss
Kite. Doubtless elsewhere, but less common than the next
species.

L. sinuatus, Ell. (L. Europeans, L., var. sinuatus, Gr.)

PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. MOUNTAIN MINT.

P. incanum, Michx.
P. lanceolatum, Pursh.
L. L. D.

P. linifolium, Pursh.

Entered here on the authority of Gray's Man. ed. 1. Locali-
ty unknown and plant never found by collectors of the pres-
ent day.

HEDEOMA, Pers.
H. pulegioides, Pers. PENNYROYAL.

NEPETA, L.

N. Cataria, L. CATNIP.

!N". Glechoma, Benth. GILL.

45

BRUNELLA, Tourn.
B. vulgaris, L. SELF-HEAL.

SCUTELLARIA, L. SKULL-CAP.

S. galericulata, L.
S. lateriflora, L.

Not uncommon. Mr. Morong found plants downy all over

in a marsh near Miacomet.

MARBUBIUM, L.

M. vulgare, L. HOREHOUND.

Near Sesachacha Pond. Two patches by the roadside, doubt-
less an escape. W. Deane.

GALEOPSIS, L. HEMP-NETTLE.

G. Tetrahit, L.
G. Ladanum, L.
Squam.

STACHYS, L.

S. hyssopifolia, Michx. HEDGE-NETTLE.
Rather common by some of the Polpis ponds.

LEONURUS, L.
L. Cardiaca, L. MOTHERWORT.

LAMIUM, L.
L. amplexicaule, L. DEAD NETTLE.

BORRAGINACE^E.

ECHIUM, Tourn.

E. vulgare, L. BLUE- WEED.

Some half dozen plants in a field near Siasconset. W. L.
Foster, June, 1887.
7

46

ONOSMODIUM, Michx.

0. Virginianum, DC. FALSE GROMWELL.
First reported by President Hitchcock of Amherst, who vis-
ited the island in 1832 ; his locality unknown. Never re-
ported again till 1884, when it was discovered by Messrs.
Churchill and Deane near Wauwinet. In 1886 Mr. Dame
found it on the plains opposite Bloomingdale, and in 1887
Messrs. Morong and Deane near Quidnit. Very scarce in all
these places.

MERTENSIA, Roth.

M. maritima, Don. SEA LUNGWORT.

One plant on Brant Point, L. L. D. ; one or two at the South
Shore, Miss Mary Eliza Starbuck ; a few fine large specimens
between Siasconset and Sancoty, L. L. D.

CONVOLVULACEiE.
CONVOLVULUS, L.

C. arvensis, L. BIND-WEED.

Well established amongst grass in a yard in Ash St., also no-
ticed on the edge of the sidewalk in Lily St. M. L. 0., 1887.

C. sepium, L. (Calystegia sepium, R. Br.) WILD MORNING
GLORY.
Not uncommon in thickets.

CUSCUTA, Tourn. DODDER.
C. Gronovii, Willd.

SOLANACE^E.

SOLANUM, Tourn.

S. Dulcamara, L. BITTER-SWEET.
S. nigrum, L. NIGHTSHADE.
Often found in great profusion.

47
LYCIUM, L.

L. vulgare, Dunal. MATRIMONY-VINE.
Sparingly escaped.

NICANDRA, Adans.

N. physaloides, Gaertn. APPLE OF PERU.
Waste ground in town. C. & D.

DATURA, L.

D. Stramonium, L. THORN-APPLE.

On the bank at Siasconset, and less common in waste places
in town.

GENTIANACE^E.

SABBATIA, Adans.

S. gracilis, Salisb.

" S. campanulata, Torrey. This long lost species was found
before 1829 by T. A. Greene, Esq., at Nantucket." Wm.
Oakes.

Our Nan tucket species approaches S. stellaris, Pursh, and is
called by Dr. Gray in the " Synoptical Flora of N. America,"
"an ambiguous form."

Very local. Found on the edge of a few ponds in Polpis, and
although once rather abundant there, now in danger of ex-
termination from wasteful plucking.

ERYTHR^EA, Pers.

E. spicata, Pers.

First detected in Nantucket by Oakes. Of slender growth at
Eatfire and Coskaty ; luxuriant and abundant in a marsh at
Pocomo.

BARTONIA, Muhl.
B. tenella, Muhl.

48

MENYANTHES, Tourn.

M. trifoliata, L. BUCK BEAN.

Detected in Maxcy's Pond by Kben W. Tallant, a school boy
at that time, 1853.

LIMNANTHEMUM, Gmel.

L. lacunosum, Griseb. FLOATING HEART.

In several ponds. Very abundant in one between Almanac
and Sesachacha, the seedlings in the fall springing up along
the edge so closely as to look like a border of grassy turf.

APOCYNACE^E.

APOCYNUM, Tourn.

A. androsaemifolium, L. DOGBANE.
A. cannabinum, L. INDIAN HEMP.

ASCLEPIADACE^E.

ASCLEPIAS, L. MILK-WEED.

A. Cornuti, Decaisne.
A. phytolaccoides, Pursh.

Occasional, L. L. D.
A. incarnata, L., var. pulchra, Pers.

A. obtusifolia, Michx. Common ; abundant at Tuckernuck.
A. tuberosa, L. BUTTERFLY WEED.

Rare.

OLEACE^.

SYRINGA, L.

S. vulgaris, L. LILAC.

One plant, some two feet in height with leaves and fruit
about half the usual size, near Tom Never's Pond. No
house ever near this spot as far as known ; Bloomingdale,
more than a mile off, the nearest. L. L. D.

49

PHYTOLACCACE^E.

PHYTOLACCA, Tourn.
P. decandra, L. POKE.

CHENOPODIACE^:.

CHENOPODIUM, L.

C. album, L. PIGWEED.

C. hybridum, L. MAPLE-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.

Waste ground in town ; seen but once. C. & D.
C. Botrys, L. JERUSALEM OAK.

Escaped.
C. rubrum, L. (Blitum maritimum, Nutt.) COAST ELITE.

Quidnit and elsewhere.

ATRIPLEX, Tourn.

A. patula, L.

A. arenaria, Nutt.

Cliff Beach. S. T. Olney.

SALICORNIA, Tourn. SAMPHIRE.

S. herbacea, L.
S. Virginica, L.
S. fruticosa, L., var. ambigua, Gray.

All the species fairly abundant on the beaches and in the salt

marshes.

SU^EDA, Forskal.

S. linearis, Torr., var. ramosa, Wats. (8. maritima, Dumort.)
SEA ELITE.

SALSOLA, L.

S. Kali, L. SALTWORT.
Common on the shore.

50

AMARANTACE^.

AMARANTUS, Tourn.

A. retroflexus, L. PIGWEED.
A. albus, L.
A. pumilus, Raf.

On the beach. S. T. Olney, 1849.

POLYGONACE/E.

POLYGONUM, L.

P. incarnatum, Ell.

P. Persicaria, L. HEAIITEASE (an old Nantucket name).

P. Hydropiper, L. SMARTWEED.

P. acre, H. B. K. WATER SMARTWEED.

P. hydropiperoides, Michx. MILD WATER-PEPPER.

P. amphibmm, L.

P. articulatum, L. JOINT-WEED.

Brant Pt., &c. In the interior of the island in patches of

sand where beach-grass has established itself.
P. aviculare, L. KNOTGRASS.
P. erectum, L. (P. aviculare, L., var. erectum, Roth.)

Wharves, occasional ; L. L. D.
P. maritimum, L. COAST KNOTGRASS.
P. ramosissimum, Michx.

L. L. D.

P. sagittatum, L. SCRATCH-GRASS.
P. Convolvulus, L. BLACK BINDWEED.
P. dumetorum, L. CLIMBING BUCKWHEAT.

FAGOPYRUM, Tourn.

P. esculentum, Moench. BUCKWHEAT.
Common in old fields.

RUMEX, L. DOCK.

R. orbiculatus, Gray.

R. salicifolius, Weinm.

R. verticillatus, L. SWAMP DOCK.

51

E. crispus, L. YELLOW DOCK.

Siasconset.

R. obtusifolius, L. BITTER DOCK.
R. crispus, L. x R. obtusifolius, L.

Quite common at Siasconset. L. L. D.
R. maritimus, L. GOLDEN DOCK.

Sesachacha, Long Pond, &c.
R. Acetosella, L. SORREL.

LAURACE^E.

SASSAFRAS. Nees.

S. officinale, Nees.

Common in Tom Never's Swamp and elsewhere.

SANTALACE^E.

COMANDRA, Nutt.

0. umbellata, Nutt.

CERATOPHYLLACE^.

CERATOPHYLLUM, L.

C. demersum, L. HORNWORT.

Reported by President Hitchcock in 1838 ; never afterwards
till 1887, when Mr. Morong found it in Long, Hummock and
Miacomet Ponds. He says "The northern part of Long
Pond is so filled with this and one or two other aquatics that
one cannot see down into the water."

CALLITRICHACE^E.

CALLITRICHE, L.

C. verna, L. WATER STARWORT.
Frequent in ponds near town.

52

EUPHORBIACE^E.

EUPHORBIA, L. SPURGE.
E. polygonifolia, L.
E. maculata, L. SPOTTED SPURGE.
E. hypericifolia, L.

Sand by the railroad track, near town. C. & D.
E. Cyparissias, L. CYPRESS SPURGE.

Escaped ; growing freely in several places by roadsides.

EMPETRACE^.

COREMA, Don. BROOM CROWBERRY.

C. Conradii, Torrey.

Abundant a few miles from town on the William Worth road ;
found also on the new road from town to Siasconset. M. L. 0.
Road from town to Polpis. Miss Tallant, 1867.
Near Saul's Hills. Warren Upham.

Abundant in low places bordering on Tom Never's Swamp.
L. L. D.

URTICACEuE.

URTICA, Tourn. NETTLE.

U. urens, L.
Not uncommon as a garden weed fifty years ago, but rare now.

BCEHMERIA, Jacq.

B. cylindrica, Willd. FALSE NETTLE.

PARIETARIA, Tourn. PELLITORY.

P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl.

Coatue. In beach sand close to a bowlder near the water's
edge ; some half dozen plants. M. L. 0., 1879.

.

CANNABIS, Tourn.

C. sativa, L. HEMP.

Waste ground south of the town ; a single well grown plant.
C. & D. Edge of a sidewalk. M. L. 0., 1887.

53

JUGLANDACE^E.

CARYA, Nutt.

0. alba, Nutt. SHAGBARK HICKORY.

Coskaty, W. L. Foster, L. L. D.
C. tomentosa, Nutt.

Polpis. Not more than ten or fifteen feet high. W. Deane.
0. porcina, Nutt. PIGNUT HICKORY.

Many loads of this have been taken out of the thickets by

the 'Sconset folks for fuel.

CUPULIFER/E,

QUERCUS, L. OAK.

Q. alba, L. WHITE OAK.

This majestic tree is here reduced to a shrub ten or twelve

feet in height. L. L. D.
Q. prinoides, Willd. DWARF CHESTNUT or CHINQUAPIN OAK.

Very common.

Q. ilicifolia, Wang. BLACK SCRUB OAK.
Q. coccinea, Wang. SCARLET OAK.
Q. coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gray.

Mr. Dame remarks that this is the largest oak he has yet seen

on the island.

FAGUS, Tourn. BEECH.

F. ferruginea, Ait.

Quaise, Wauwinet, &c. L. L. D.
Coskaty Swamp. W. L. Foster.

CORYLUS, Tourn.

C. Americana, Walt. AMERICAN HAZEL-NUT.

Rather rare. L. L. D.
C. rostrata, Ait. BEAKED HAZEL-NUT.

Very common.

CARPINUS, L. HORNBEAM.

C. Caroliniana, Walt. (C. Americana, Michx.)
8

54

MYRICACE^E.

MYRICA, L.
M. cerifera, L. BAYBERRT.

Very common.
M. Comptonia, 0. DC. ( Gomptonia asplcnifolia, Ait. ) SWEET

FERN.

Very common.

BETULACE^.

BETULA, Tourn.

B. alba, L., var. populifolia, Spach. WHITE BIRCH.
One plant on the plains of Bloomingdale. L. L. D.

SALICACE^.

SALIX, Tourn. WILLOW.

S. tristis, Ait. DWARF GRAY WILLOW.
S. discolor, Muhl.
Eare. L. L. D.

POPULUS, Tourn.

P. grandidentata, Michx. LARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN.

A few depauperate specimens near Gibbs's Swamp.
P. alba, L. ABELE. SILVER-LEAVED POPLAR.

Spreading from planted trees.

CONIFERS.

PINUS, Tourn.

P. rigida, Mill. PITCH PINE.

These pines are all from seed planted by Josiah Sturgis and
others in 1847 and following years. They have spread exten-
sively from seed, but are infested now with insects of the
family Tortricidce which have killed many of the trees and
threaten the destruction of the rest. If this destruction
could have been averted by measures taken in season, it is too
late now to apply the remedy. Prof. Scudder's prediction in

55

a report on the subject, has become history. " Leave them
alone," he says, " and the pine woods of Nantucket are
doomed to destruction ; to plant new trees would be to add
fuel to flames. " But that is not all. " There is no apparent
reason," to quote Prof. Scudder again, "why the destruction
should not extend to the Penobscot, or as far as the pitch pine
flourishes. " To prevent this it is the plain duty of the Nan-
tucket people " to cut down the entire forest, sell the wood
[for fuel] and burn the brush, leaving not even a seedling
anywhere ; then to pasture the sheep upon the spot for two
years, and carefully destroy every seedling that springs up out-
side of the fences which confine the flock." See a paper by
Prof. Samuel H. Scudder on the Pine Moth of Nantucket,
published by the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion
of Agriculture.

S. sylvestris, L. SCOTCH PINE.

Near Miacomet Pond. Imported trees planted by Mr. Henry
Coffin in 1876. Scotch larches near them also planted by Mr.
Coffin.

JUNIPERUS, L.

J. Virginiana, L. RED CEDAR. SAVIN.

Abundant on Coatue, where the old trees have grown into the
strange form often seen on wind-swept points of land ; the
low, twisted trunks and branches close to the ground make an
impressive appearance.

MONOCOT YLEDONS.

AKIS^EMA, Mart.
A. triphyllum, Torr. INDIAN TURNIP. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT.

56

ACORUS, L.

A. Calamus, L. SWEET FLAG.
Common.

LEMNACE^.

LEMNA, L. DUCKWEED.

L. trisulca, L.

L. minor, L.

Both species common. Mr. Morong remarks that they grow
in the northern part of Long Pond in such masses as to im-
pede the oars in rowing.

TYPHACE^E.

TTPHA, Tourn.

T. latifolia, L. CAT-TAIL.

Rather rare ; occurs in a few bogs near the town and in Poco-
mo. Morong.

T. angustifolia, L. NARROW- LEAVED CAT-TAIL.

Nine-tenths of the Typha on the island is of this species. It
forms extensive areas in bogs in all parts of the island. Mo-
rong.

SPARGANIUM, Tourn. BUR-REED.

S. eurycarpum, Engel.
Common.

S. androcladum, Morong. (S. simplex, Huds., var. androcla-
dum, Engelm.)

Almanac Pond, L. L. D. Mr. Morong says these specimens
were "peculiarly wide-spreading." In the Wm. H. Gardner
lot hedged with Cockspur Thorn west of the town. M. L. 0.

NAIADACE^.

NAIAS, L.

N. flexilis, Rostk.
Long Pond. Morong.

57

ZANNICHELLIA, Micheli.

Z. palustris, L. HORNED POND-WEED.
A brook in Polpis fairly choked with it, C. & D. Hummock
and Miacomet Ponds, Morong.

ZOSTEBA, L. EEL-GRASS.

Z. marina, L.

Capaum Pond, and in the sea.

RTJPPIA, L. D'ITCH-GRASS.

R. maritima, L.

Common in salt and brackish ponds.

POTAMOGETON, Toum. POND-WEED.

P. Oakesianus, Robbins.

Very common in the island ponds and finely fruiting.
P. Claytonii, Tuckerm.

Maxcy's Pond, and in a fresh water pool near Sesachacha.

W. Deane.
P. hybridus, Michx.

Maxcy's and Reed Ponds. C. & D.
P. pulcher, Tuckerm.

Quite common and finely fruiting. In fine fruit in small

pond near Orange St. R. R. crossing. Judge Churchill.
P. perfoliatus, L.

Abundant in Long, Hummock and Miacomet Ponds.
P. pusillus, L.

Hummock, Reedy and Long Ponds. In the last it grows

rankly, and with some other aquatics chokes the water.
P. pectinatus, L.

Common in salt and brackish ponds.

ALISMACE^E.

TRIGLOCHIN, L.

T. maritimum, L. ARROW-GRASS.
Common on the salt marshes at Eatfire and elsewhere.

58

ALISMA, L. WATER-PLANTAIN.
A. Plantago, L., var. Americanum, Gray.
Near the Creeks.

SAGITTARIA, L. ARROW-HEAD.
S. variabilis, Engelm.

HYDROCHARIDACEiE.

VALLISNERIA, Micheli.
V. spiralis, L. EEL-GRASS.

CommoD in Hummock and Long Ponds.

ORCHIDACEjE.

HABENARIA, Willd., R. Br.

U. tridentata, Hook.

Long Pond. Mrs. Emily Shaw Forman.

H. ciliaris, R. Br. YELLOW FRINGED ORCHIS.
The only plant ever known on the island found in bloom by
Mrs. E. W. Perry in 1872 ; it was growing in Mr. Levi Cof-
fin's farm, on the ridge of a road that passes through it from
Siasconset to Polpis.

H. blephariglottis, Hook. WHITE FRINGED ORCHIS.

Once abundant on the edge of swamps near Siasconset ; rarer
now.

H. blephariglottis, Hook., var. holopetala, Gray.

Near edge of swamp opposite Bloomingdale. L. L. D.

H. lacera, R. Br. GREEN FRINGED ORCHIS.

SPIRANTHES, Richard. LADIES' TRESSES.

S. cernua, Richard.

S. gracilis, Big.

S. simplex, Gray.

First reported by Dr. Robbins before 1867. On the dry com-
mons between Polpis and town, growing with S. gracilis ;
rather abundant. M. L. 0., 1880. Found in equal abun-
bance on the road to Miacomet by Mrs. Geo. H. Mackay.
The plant seems capricious ; in some years it is hardly to be
seen. Abundant west of Miacomet in 1885. C. & D.

59
ARETHUSA, Gronov.

A. bulbosa, L.

Rather common ; the edge of the swamps near Hummock
Pond sometimes red with the flowers.

POGONIA, Juss.

P. ophioglossoides, Nutt.
Rather abundant. Sometimes two-flowered. J. R. Churchill.

CALOPOGON, R. Br. GRASS PINK.

C. pulchellus, R. Br.

Profusely abundant now, in wet places below the Cliff, near
Long Pond and elsewhere, but picked for its beauty in such
immense bunches that it is likely to become rare before many
years.

MICROSTTLIS, Nutt.

M. ophioglossoides, Nutt.

On hills west of Sesachacha and opposite Bloomingdale.
Very scarce. L. L. D., 1886.

LIPARIS, Richard. TWAYBLADE.

L. Loeselii, Richard.

Very rare. Wet bank on shore of Sesachacha. L. L. D.,
1886.

CTPRIPBDIUM, L. LADY'S SLIPPER.

C. acaule, Ait.

Very abundant on the commons east and south of the town.

AMARYLLIDACE^.

HYPOXYS, L. STAR-GRASS.
H. erecta, L.

60

H^MODORACE^E.

ALETRIS, L. COLIC-ROOT.

A. farinosa, L.
Abundant, especially in the Southeast Quarter.

IRIDACE^E.

IRIS, L.

I. versicolor, L. BLUE FLAG.
I. Virginica, L. SLENDER BLUE FLAG.
Both species common.

SISYRINCHIUM, L. BLUE-EYED GRASS.
S. anceps, Cav. (S. Bermudiana, L., var. anceps, Gray.

SMILACE^E.

SMILAX, Tourn.

S. rotundifolia, L. COMMON GREENBRIER.
S. glauca, Walt.

Thickets opposite Bloomingdale and near Wauwinet, L. L. D.

Rare in New England.
S. tamnoides, L.

Same localities as preceding, L. L. D. Never before reported

in New England.
S. herbacea, L. CARRION-FLOWER.

LILIACE^E.

MEDEOLA, Gronov. CUCUMBER- ROOT.
M. Virginica, L.

OAKESIA, Watson. BELLWORT.
0. sessilifolia, Wats. ( Uvularia sessilifolia, L. )

SMILACINA, Desf. FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.
S. stellata, Desf.

61

MAIANTHEMUM, Weber. TWO-LEAVED SOLOMON'S SEAL.

M. Canadense, Desf. (Smilacina bifolia, Ker., var. Canaden-
sis, Gr.)

POLYGON ATUM, Tourn. SOLOMON'S SEAL.

P. biflorurn, Ell.
Polpis.

LILIUM, L.

L. Philadelphicum, L. WILD RED LILY.
A pure orange flower without spots is sometimes found.
L. L. D.

L. superbum, L. TUBE'S CAP LILY.

Thickets in Polpis, where it reaches a great height and some-
times bears from thirty to forty flowers.

HEMEROCALLIS, L.

H. fulva, L. COMMON DAY-LILY.
Waste grounds near dwellings ; escaped.

JUNCACEiE.

LUZULA, DC. WOOD-BUSH.
L. campestris, DC.

JUNCUS, L. RUSH.

J. effusus, L. COMMON OB SOFT RUSH.

Common.
J. filiformis, L.

Common.

J. marginatus, Rostk.
J. bufonius, L.

Rather common. Low grounds near Tom Never's Head and

Sesachacha. Judge Churchill and Dr. Swan.
J. Gerardi, Loisel. BLACK-GBASS.

Common.

62

J. tenuis, Willd.

J. Greenii, Oakes & Tuckerm.
E. S. Burgess.

J. pelocarpus, E. Meyer.
Common.

J. articulatus, L.

Between Bloomingdale and Tom Never's Head. Dr. Swan.

J. militaris, Big.

Abundant on the shore of Gibbs's Pond. C. & D.

J. acuminatus, Michx., var. legitimus, Engelm.

Hummock Pond. J. H. Redfield. " This is found in a
small form on the borders of Sesachacha, and in a form with
large branching panicles and shining black fruit on the bor-
ders of a bog at Quaise. I collected it also on borders of
Kotten Pumpkin." Morong.

J. nodosus, L.
E. S. Burgess.

J. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. longicaudatus, Engel.

J. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. coarctatus, Engel.

PONTEDERIACE^E.

PONTEDERIA, L.

P. cordata, L. PICKEREL-WEED.

SCHOLLERA, Schreber.

S. graminifolia, Willd. (S. graminea of Man.) WATER
STAR-GRASS.
Long and Miacomet Ponds. Morong.

XYRIDACE^E.

XYKIS, L. YELLOW-EYED GRASS.

X. flexuosa, Muhl., Chapm., var. pusilla, Gray.

Common.
X. Caroliniana, Walt.

Dr. C. W. Swan.

63

ERIOCAULONACE^.

ERIOCAULON, L. PIPEWORT.

E. septangulare, With.
Common.

CYPERACEiE.

CYPERUS, L. GALINGALE.

0. diandrus, Torr.
C. Nuttallii, Torr.

Maxcy's Pond and elsewhere ; abundant.
C. erythrorhizos, Muhl.

Oakes, 1829. Not reported since.
C. dentatus, Torr.

C. esculentus, L. ( C. phymatodes, Muhl. )
G. strigosus, L.
C. Grayii, Torr.

C. filiculmis, Vahl.

DULICHIUM, Pers.

D. spathaceum, Pers.
Very common.

HELEOCHARIS, R. Br. SPIKE RUSH.

H. palustris, R. Br.
H. tennis, Schultes.
H. acicularis, R. Br.
H. pygmsea, Torr.

Borders of Sesachacha, J. L. Russell. Capaum Pond, Mo-

rong.

SCIRPUS, L. CLUB-RUSH.

S. pungens, Vahl.

S. validus, Vahl. BULRUSH.

Abundant in ponds.
S. maritimus, L. SEA CLUB-RUSH.

64

S. Eriophorum, Michx. WOOL-GRASS.
S. Eriophorum, Michx., var. laxus, Gray.
These species all common.

ERIOPHORUM, L. COTTON-GRASS.

E. Virginicum, L.

E. Virginicum, L., var. album, Gray.

Near Hummock Pond ; very large and fine specimens.
C. &D.

E. gracile, Koch.
L. L. D.

E. gracile, Koch., var. paucinervium, Engelm.

Pout, often called Foot Ponds. C. & D. In the bog at the
west end of Sesachacha Pond, close to the new road, and else-
where.

RHYNCOSPORA, Vahl. BEAK-RUSH.

R. alba, Vahl.
R. glomerata, Vahl.
Both species common.

CLADIUM, P. Browne.
Cladium mariscoides, Torr.

SCLERIA, L.

S. triglomerata, Michx.
E. S. Burgess.

CAREX, L. SEDGE.

C. vulpinoidea, Michx.

C. stipata, Muhl.

C. Muhlenbergii, Schk.

C. rosea, Schk.

C. canescens, L.

C. canescens, L., var. alpicola, Wahl. (C. canescens, L., var.

vitilis of the Man.)

0. echinata, Murray, var. conferta, Bailey. (C. stellulata, L.)

65

C. echinata, Murray, var. macrostachys, Boeck. (C. stellulata,

L., var. scirpoides, Gray.)
C. scoparia, Schk.
C. adusta, Boott.

Dr. 0. W. Swan.
C. straminea, Schk.
(J. straminea, Schk., var. moniliformis, Tuckerm. (C. fcenea

Willd., var. (?) sabulonum, Gray.)

C. straminea, Schk., var. alata, Bailey. (C. alata,Torr.)
C. vulgaris, Fries.
C. aquatilis, Wahl.
C. pallescens, L.
C. Pennsylvanica, Lam.
C. filiformis, L.
C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L., var comosa, W. Boott. (C. comosa,

Boott.)

C. tentaculata, Muhl.
C. lupulina, Muhl.

GRAMINEiE.

LEEKSIA, Soland.
L. oryzoides, Swartz. RICE CUT-GRASS.

ZIZANIA, Gronov.

Z. aquatica, L. WILD BICE.

Frequent in Miacomet and other ponds. Probably all intro-
duced from seed sown about 1875,

ALOPECUKUS, L,
A. pratensis, L. FOXTAIL GRASS.

PHLEUM, L.

P. pratense, L. HERD'S GRASS.

Specimens with abnormal spikes collected in the autumn of
1875. M. L. 0. Prof. Dudley in " The Cayuga Flora"
mentions this monstrosity noticed since 1872. " The flower-

66

ing glume" he says, "develops into a complete leaf with
sheath, ligule, and a bright green blade 1--1-J- cm. long." I
am indebted to Dr. Walter H. Chapin of Springfield for a
careful microscopic examination which proved the Nantucket
specimens identical in development with those of the Cayuga

region.

i

AGROSTIS, L.

A. scabra, Willd.
A. vulgaris, With. RED TOP.

A. vulgaris, With., var. alba, Vasey, and form stolonifera, de-
tected by Dr. Swan.

MUHLENBERGIA, Schreber.

M. diffusa, Schreber.
Noticed in a front yard in Orange St. M. L. 0.

DEYEUXIA, Glair.

D. Canadensis, Beauv. (Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv.)
Dr. Swan finds that some specimens of this grass seem to ap-
proach D. Langsdorffii, Kth. in the length and shape of the
glumes and stoutness of the awn.

D. Nuttalliana, Vasey. (G. Nuttalliana, Steud.)

Cranberry bog between Polpis school house and Almanac
Pond. 0. & D.

AMMOPHILA, Host.

A. arundinacea, Host. ( Calamagrostis arenaria, Roth. ) BEACH
GRASS.

On the sea shore, and in patches of beach sand found in the
interior of the island.

STIPA, L.

S. avenacea, L. BLACK OAT-GRASS.

Between Wauwinet and Siasconset. C. & D.

67

ARISTIDA, L.

A. dichotoma, Michx. POVERTY GRASS.
A. purpurascens, Poir.

Oakes, 1829. Both species abundant on the commons.

SPARTINA, Schreber.

S. cynosuroides, Willd. CORD GRASS.
S. polystachya, Willd., Muhl.

Eatfire and elsewhere.
S. juncea, Willd.

S. stricta, Roth., var. glabra, Gray. SALT-MARSH GRASS.
S. stricta, Roth., var. alterniflora, Gray.

All the species common.

TRIPLASIS, Beauv.

T. purpurea, Chap. (Tricuspis purpurea, Gray.) SAND-
GRASS.
Abundant on the commons.

DACTYLIS, L.
D. glomerata, L. ORCHARD GRASS.

GLYCERIA, R. Br., Trin.

G. Canadensis, Trin. RATTLESNAKE GRASS.

Ditches and open fields east of Bloomingdale, Dr. Swan.

Polpis, J. H. Redfield.
G. nervata, Trin.
G. pallida, Trin.

Near the Washing Pond and between Wauwinet and Siascon-

set. C. & D.
G. aquatica, Smith. REED MEADOW-GRASS.

Siasconset, J. H. Redfield. Low grounds near the town.

C. &D.
G. acutiflora, Torr.

Pout Ponds. C. & D.
G. distans, Wahl.

68

DISTICHLIS, Raf.

D. maritima, Raf. (Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook.) SALT
GRASS.

Abundant in salt marsh at Coskaty.

POA, L. MEADOW-GRASS.
P. annua, L.
P. compressa, L.
P. serotina, L.

Near an old wharf. Dr. Swan.
P. pratensis, L. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS.
P. trivialis, L.

ERAGROSTIS, Beauv.

E. major, Host. (E. poaeoides, Beauv., var. megastachya, Man)
Waste ground near town ; rather abundant in a few places.
C. &D.

E. pectinacea, Gray, var. spectabilis, Gray.

FESTUCA, L. FESCUE GRASS.

F. Myurus, L.

Sandy commons west of the town. W. Deane, 1884.

Near Siasconset. Dr. Swan.
F. tenella, Willd. SLENDER FESCUE.

Plains between Siasconset and Sesachacha. Dr. Swan.
F. ovina, L. SHEEP'S FESCUE.
F. ovina, L., var. duriuscula, Gray.
F. elatior, L. TALL FESCUE.

BROMUS, L.

B. racemosus, L. UPRIGHT CHESS.
B. mollis, L. SOFT CHESS.
B. sterilis, L.

Near the wind-mill, unusually fine specimens ; Judge Church-
ill, 1886. On the edge of the sidewalk in Fair St., M. L. 0.,
1887. This is the true plant of the Manual. B. tectorum,
L., which is sometimes taken for B. sterilis, L., has not yet
reached the island.

69

PHRAGMITES, Trin.

P. communis, Trin. COMMON REED.
Bog near Sesachacha ; Reed Pond.

LOLIUM, L.
L. perenne, L. DARNEL.

AGROPYRUM, Beauv.
A. repens, Beauv. ( Triticum repens, L. ) WITCH GRASS.

HORDEUM, L.

H. vulgare, L. BARLEY.

Noticed occasionally.

DANTHONIA, DC.
D. spicata, Beauv.

DESCHAMPSIA, Beauv.

D. flexuosa, Vasey. (Aira flexuosa, L.) HAIR GRASS.

Abundant on the commons and between Wauwinet and Sias-
conset. C. & D.

AIRA, L.

A. caryophyllea, L.

Dr. Asa Gray, 1864. Commons west of the town. C. & D.

HOLCUS, L. (partly).

H. lanatus, L. VELVET GRASS.
Common in Quaise, Polpis, Eatfire, &c.

ANTHOXANTHUM, L.
A. odoratum, L. SWEET VERNAL GRASS.

PHALARIS, L.

P. Canariensis, L. CANARY GRASS.
Dumps about old wharves, etc. Dr. Swan.
10

BRANDEGEE HERBARIUM

70
PASPALUM, L.

P. setaceum, Michx.
Common.

PANICUM, L. PANIC GKASS.

P. glabrum, Gaudin.

Abundant west of the town.
P. sanguinale, L. CRAB GRASS.
P. anceps, Michx.

Maxcy's Pond. Miss E. J. Steele. Not common.
P. proliferum, Lam.
P. virgatum, L.
P. clandestinum, L.

Near Reed Pond and in Polpis, C. & D.
P. pauciflorum, Ell.

Commons west of the town. Rather rare. C. & D.
P. dichotomum, L.

Common.
P. depauperatum, Muhl.

Washing Pond, Maxcy's Pond, &c. Common.
P. Crus-galli, L. BARN- YARD GRASS.
P. Crus-galli, L., var. hispidum, Gray.

Shore of Long Pond. Judge Churchill.
P. miliaceum, L.

In waste and cultivated grounds, C. & D.

SETARIA, Beauv.

S. viridis, Beauv. FOXTAIL GRASS.
* In an old cellar near the railway station, Dr. Swan.

ANDROPOGON, L. BEARD GRASS.

A. provincialis, Lam. (A. furcatus, Muhl.)

Wauwinet ; seen once. C. & D.
A. scoparius, Michx.

71

A. dissitiflorus, Michx. (A. Virginicus, L.)
T. A. Greene before 1829. M. L. 0.

A. macrourus, Michx.
Dr. Bobbins, 1829. L. L. D. J. R. Churchill.

GHRYSOPOGON, Trin. INDIAN GRASS.
0. nutans, Benth. (Sorghum nutans, Man.}

CRTPTOGAMIA.

EQUISETACE^E.

EQUISETUM, L. HORSETAIL.

E. arvense, L.
Common.

FILICES.

PTERIS, L.

P. aquilina, L. BRAKE.

Abundant on the commons. This fern in Nantucket often
approaches var. caudata of the Southern States.

WOODWARDIA, Smith. CHAIN-FERN.

W. Virginica, Smith.

Very common in swampy localities. In swamp both sides of
road at Bloomingdale ; round Tom Never's Pond ; grows pro-
fusely but in a dwarfed condition, in half dry swamp between
Bloomingdale and Tom Never's.

W. angustifolia, Smith.

Found in many widely different localities. In almost every

72

swampy place from the Haulover to Tom Never's Head ; di-
rectly opposite the sixth mile stone ; in Grove Lane, south of
No-Bottom Pond, &c. Abundant and of luxuriant growth
in several of these spots.

ASPLENIUM, L. SPLEENWORT.

A. Filix-foemina, Bernh. LADY-FERN.

A. Filix-foemina, Bernh., var. Michauxii, Mett., and var.

rhaeticum, Moore.

Species and varieties all rare.

ASPIDIUM, Swartz. SHIELD-FERN.
A. Thelypteris, Swartz. MARSH FERN.

Very common in moist localities.
A. Noveboracense, Swartz. NEW YORK FERN.

Very rare ; swamp near Polpis. L. L. D.
A. spinulosum, Swartz, var. intermedium,, Eaton.

Very rare ; only two specimens seen. L. L. D.

A. cristatum, Swartz. CRESTED BUCKLER-FERN.

Rare. Found in but one locality, Bloomingdale ; the speci-
mens very vigorous. L. L. D.

ONOCLEA, L.

0. sensibilis, L. SENSITIVE FERN.
At Bloomingdale, Polpis and elsewhere.

OSMUNDA, L.
0. regalis, L. FLOWERING FERN.

Swamps near Polpis.
0. Clay toni ana, L.

One specimen near Sesachacha. L. L. D. & M. L. 0.
0. cinnamomea, L. CINNAMON FERN.

Very common.

BOTRTCHIUM, Swartz. GRAPE-FERN.

B. ternatum, Swartz., var. obliquum, Wilde.

Not common, but observed once about 1860 on the edge of the

73

bank at the South Shore in great abundance and of luxuriant
growth. That bank, gradually undermined by the waves in
great storms, has fallen to the beach below long before this.
M. L. 0. Rather abundant in low ground west of the town,
C. & D., 1885.

OPHIOGLOSSUM, L. ADDER'S TONGUE.

0. vulgatum, L.

Several specimens between the Polpis school house and Alma-
nac Pond. C. & D., 1885.

About a dozen plants on a wet bank near Sesachacha Pond .
L. L. Dame and J. K. Churchill, 1886.

LYCOPODIACE^E.

LYCOPODIUM, L., Spring. CLUB-MOSS.

L. inundatum, L., var. Bigelovii, Tuckerm.

Common in the marshes, in some localities approaching L.

alopecuroides, L.
L. dendroideum, Michx. GROUND PINE.

Occasional along the border of Gibbs's Swamp, L. L. D.
L. complanatum, L.

ISOETES, L. QUILLWORT.

L echinospora, Durieu, var. Braunii, Engelm.
Maxcy's Pond. Morong.

No botanist has been known to visit Nantucket for spe-
cial collection of its mosses and liverworts, but the few
species of the following list have been picked up from time
to time and submitted to competent specialists for the names.
The island does not seem to be rich in these orders, and the
specimens found are, in many cases, unfruited, making a sure
identification difficult, still additions to the present list can
certainly be made.

74

The list of Characece, mostly furnished by Mr. Morong and
Mr. Dame, is perhaps more nearly complete, but #s the col-
lections were all made in the few weeks of summer visits,
there are doubtless other species to reward some careful
searcher in the future.

MUSCI. MOSSES.

Sphagnum squarrosum, Pers.

Sphagnum cuspidatum, Ehrh. J. L. Russell ; var. plumosum,

Schimp. M. L. 0.
Mnium affine, Bland.
Mnium punctatum, Hedw.

Both species in a hole among Saul's Hills. L. L. D.
Fontinalis antipyretica, L., var. gigantea, Sulliv.

Roadside pool, Bloomingdale, L. L. D.
Dichelyma capillaceum, Myrin.

HEPATIC^. LIVERWORTS.

Anthoceros punctatus, L.
Marchantia polymorpha, L.

CHARACE^E.

NlTELLA, Ag.

N. batrachosperma, A. Br.

Maxcy's Pond, Morong, 1887. Found in America for the
first time.

N. flexilis, Ag.

Weweeder Pond, Cato's Pond, and a pool on the edge of the
town near the R. R. track. Morong.

N. flexilis, Ag., var. subcapitata, A. Br.
Polpis. M. L. 0.

N. Morongii, Allen.

A new species detected in the roadside pool opposite Bloom-
ingdale, by Rev. Thomas Morong, July 21, 1887.

N. mucronata, A. Br. L. L. Dame.

CHARA, (L.) Ag.

C. coronata, A. Br.
Weweeder Pood, Morong.

C. coronata, A. Br. , var. Schweinitzii, A. Br.
Sesachacha Pond, M. L. 0.

C. crinita, Wallr. L. L. D.

C. crinita, Wallr. , forma leptosperma.

Brook in Polpis, M. L. 0., 1881. Coskaty Pond, Morong,
1887. In Sesachacha Pond a little longer and more delicate
form than that from Coskaty, F. S. Collins, 1885.

C. fragilis, Desv., var. delicatula, A. Br.
P. S. Collins.

The list of marine algae shows only in part the wealth of the
island beaches in this order. Mr. Collins, who furnishes it, like
the rest who have contributed to this Catalogue, could spend
but a short time in Nantucket, and while the number of names
shows how diligently he collected, he says in a letter, " There
are species which I have not included in this list, though I feel
morally certain that they would be found if one could be on
hand to look for them at the proper season, but I think the
only safe rule is to publish nothing as belonging to a locality,
unless it has been actually found there."

A farther quotation from his letter is added to amplify the
title somewhat and explain the references in the list. "I in-
clude what marine algae I have myself collected in Nantucket,
what I have seen in specimens collected by others, and a few
additional species which I have not seen myself from the island,
but which are on record in Harvey's Nereis or Farlow's Manual.

" Where in my list I give no name of collector, it means that
I have found the species myself ; and where I give a particular
locality, that I found it at that place. Where Mr. Dame's
initials are given, I have not myself collected that species, but
have examined Mr. Dame's specimens ; all other species have
been put in on the authority of records in the Nereis, &c."

w

MARINE ALG^E OF NANTUCKET.

Based principally on specimens collected by L. L. Dame in
1868, 1869 and 1886, and by F. S. Collins in August, 1878,
and July, 1886. Classification and nomenclature according to
Prof. Farlow's Manual of the Marine AlgcB of New England.

CRYPTOPHYCE^E.

CHROOCOCCUS, Naeg.
C. turgidus, Naeg.
Common on wood work, etc.

CLATHBOCYSTIS, Henfrey.

C. roseo-persicina, Conn.
Common on muddy flats, etc.

SPH^ROZYGA, Ag.

S. Carmichaelii, Harv.
Not uncommon on mud in the harbor.

SPIRULINA, Turpin.

S. tenuissima, Kiitz.
On wharves, etc.

OSCILLARIA, Kiitz.

0. limosa, var. chalybea, Kiitz.
0. subuliformis, Harv.
0. subtondosa, Farlow.
These three species grow together on wharves, etc.

LYNGBYA, Ag.

L. aestuarii, Liebmann.
Very common on the marshes.

LEPTOTHRIX, Kiitz.
L. rigidula, Kiitz.

On various algae at Polpis.

77

CALOTHRIX, Thuret.

0. confervicola, Ag.

Parasitic on various algae at Brant Point.
C. Crustacea, Born & Thur.

Color bright green, distinguishing it from the preceding spe-
cies, which is blackish. Found with the preceding and at
Polpis .

RIVULARIA, Roth.

R. atra, Roth.

On shells in harbor.

IBACTIS, Thuret.

1. plana, Thuret.

On shells, etc., Polpis.

ZOOSPORE^.

MONOSTROMA, Wietr.

M. crepidinum, Farlow.

Resembles a small Ulva Lactuca, but is softer and more deli-
cate, and of a very rich deep green color. Wharves in har-
bor ; not common.

ULVA, Le Jolis.

U. Lactuca, Le Jolis. SEA LETTUCE.

U. Lactuca, var. latissima, Le Jolis.
Species and variety both very common.

U. enteromorpha, Le Jolis.
var. intestinalis. Le Jolis.
var. compressa, Le Jolis.
Very common in both varieties.

[NOTE. — There is no type of this species distinct from the va-
rieties. In all other cases in this list the opposite is the fact,
and when, as in Punctaria latifolia, var. Zosterw, a variety
only is mentioned, it indicates that although there exists a
species distinct from the variety, the latter only has been
found on the island shores.]
11

78

U. clathrata, Ag.

Polpis, not very common.

U. Hopkirkii, Harv.
Brant Point.

U. aureola, Ag.

Resembles a fine form of U. enteromorpha, or U. clathrata,
but the fronds are very slippery, and under the microscope
the cells are seen to be arranged in longitudinal series which
unite by their edges to form the tubular frond, and are rather
easily separated by pressure. This species is not described in
any American work on algae. Found on a rock near Brant
Point.

CH^TOMOKPHA, Kiitz.

C. Linum, Kiitz.
Floating in the harbor.

RmzocLOiauM, Kiitz.

R. riparium, Harv.
R. Kochianum, Kiitz.
Both species at Polpis.

CLADOPHORA, Kiitz.

C. lanosa, Kiitz.

Siasconset, L. L. D.
C. Rudolphiana, Ag.

Between tide marks on wharves and mud ; also at Sesachacha

Pond.
C. gracilis, Kiitz.

Harbor.
C. expansa, Kiitz.

Polpis.
C. fracta, Kiitz.

With the last, but less common.

79

BRYOPSIS, Lam.

B. plumosa, Ag.
Brant Point ; not common. A beautiful species.

PHYLLITIS, Le Jolis.

P. fascia, Kiitz.
Rather common on pebbles between tide marks.

SCYTOSIPHON, Thuret.

S. lomentarius, Ag.
Common.

PUNCTARIA, Grev.

P. latifolia, Grev., var. Zosterae, Le Jolis.
Common in harbor on Zostera.

DESMARESTIA, Lamour.

D. aculeata, Lamour.
Miss Anne Mitchell.

D. viridis, Lamour.

Siasconset, L. L. D. Both species apparently not common ;
handsome specimens to be had only in the spring.

MYRIOTRICHIA, Harv.

M. clavaeformis, Harv.
Brant Point, growing on Scytosiphon ; not common.

ECTOCAHPUS, Lyngb.

E. granulosus, Ag.
Siasconset, L. L. D.

E. granulosus, Ag., var. tenuis, Farlow.
(Prof. W. H. Harvey.)

E. confervoides, Le Jolis.

E. confervoides, Le Jolis, var. siliculosus, Kjellman.

Siasconset and Brant Point. Species and variety both abun-
dant on wood- work and the larger algae.

80

E. fasciculatus, Harv.
Brant Point, L. L. D.

B. littoralis, Lyngb.
Harbor, common.

E. Mitchellae, Harv.

This species was founded on specimens collected by Miss Anne
Mitchell, (Mrs. Alfred Macy,) and is known only by the de-
scription and plate in Harvey's Nereis Boreali- Americana.

SPHACELAEIA, Lyngb.

S. cirrhosa, Ag.

Common on larger algae.

CLADOSTEPHUS, Ag.

C. verticillatus, Ag.

Siasconset, cast up from deep water. L. L D.

ELACHISTEA, Duby.

E. fucicola, Fries.
Polpis, on Fucus.

MTRIACTIS, Kiitz.

M. pulvinata, Kiitz., var. minor, Farlow.
A minute parasite in the cryptostomata of Sargassum. Brant
Point.

MESOGLOIA, Ag.

M. divaricata, Kiitz.

Common ; very different in appearance at different stages of
growth.

RALFSIA, Berkeley.

R. clavata, Crowan.

On shells, etc., forming a thin brownish or blackish film.
Polpis.

S. rhizodes, Ag.
Polpis.

81
STILOPHOBA, Ag.

CHORDA, Stack.

C. filum, L.
Rather common in the harbor.

LAMINARIA, Lamour.

L. saccharina, Lamour. DEVIL'S APRON. KELP.
L. saccharina, Lamour, var. caperata, Farlow.
Type and variety common at Siasconset.

OOSPORE^:.

Fucus, L.

F. vesiculosus, L. BLADDER-WRACK. BOCK-WEED.
Common.

ASCOPHTLLUM, Stack.

A. nodosum, Le Jolis.
Common.

SARGASSUM, Ag. GULF-WEED.

S. vulgare, Ag.

S. vulgare, Ag., var. Montagnei, Farlow.
Type and variety common,

A large bank of Sargassum bacciferum, Ag. , the species form-
ing the great "Sargasso Sea" in the Atlantic, is reported to
exist not far from the island ; it is quite possible, as a bit
washed ashore at East Falmouth on the main land has been
picked up, and collectors may yet find specimens on the Nan-
tucket beaches.

82

FLORIDEJE.

TRENTEPOHLIA, Prings.

T. virgatula, Farlow.
Forming a fine fringe on Zostera and the smaller algae.

POEPHYRA, Ag.

P. laciniata, Ag.
On wharves.

GONIOTRICHUM, Kiitz.

G. elegans, Zanard.
Polpis, scarce.

HILDENBRANTIA, Nardo.

H. rosea, Kiitz.

Common on pebbles, forming a thin red or reddish-brown
film.

SPERMOTHAMNION, Aresch.

S. Turneri, Aresch.

Washed ashore from deep water in great abundance in July
and August, especially at Siasconset ; also found growing on
Cystoclonium, Rhabdonia, etc.

CALLITHAMNION, Lyng.

C. membranaceum, Magnus.

A very minute alga growing in the tubes of Sertularias and

other zoophytes, to which it gives a reddish color. Spring

and early summer ; Siasconset.
C. cruciatum, Ag.

Siasconset, generally growing on Spermothamnion.

W. A. Spinney, L. L. Dame.
0. Borreri, Ag.
0. tetragonum, Ag.
C. Baileyi, Harv.

C. byssoideum, Arn.

Brant Point, L. L. D. ; where the three preceding species are
also found.

0. corymbosum, Lyng.
Brant Point ; rather common.

C. seirospermum, Griff.

(Dr. S. Durkee in Nereis B-A.)

C. tenue, Harv.

A rare species, first discovered in America some thirty years
since, by Mr. Samuel Ashmead at Beesley's Point, New Jer-
sey ; not again heard of till reported by Mr. L. L. Dame in
October, 1868 ; subsequently found also in Nantucket by
Mrs. Lusk (Farlow, Manual) ; since detected at East Fal-
mouth, Mass. , and at Atlantic City, N. J. Until a specimen
is found with cystocarpic fruit, it is doubtful whether the
species belongs to this genus or the next.

GRIFFITHSIA, Ag.

G. Bornetiana, Farlow,

Rather common. Sterile plants of this species somewhat re-
semble the last.

CERAMIUM, Lyng.

C. rubrum, Ag.

Common and variable.
C. strictum, Harv.
C. fastigiatum, Harv.
C. tenuissimum, Ag.

These last three species are common, but C. fastigiatum is

seldom found in fruit.

SPYBIDIA, Harv.

S. filamentosa, Harv.

Common in the harbor, etc.

84

PHYLLOPHORA, Grev.

P. Brodiaei, Ag.
P. membranifolia, Ag.
Siasconset ; neither species common.

AHNFELDTIA, Fries.

A. plicata, Fries.
Siasconset ; not rare.

CYSTOCLONIUM, Kiitz.

C. purpurascens, Kiitz.
Common.

CHONDRUS, Stack.

C. crispus, Stack. IRISH Moss. CARRAGEEN.
Common all round the island.

RHODYMENIA, Ag.

E. palmata, Grey. DULSE.
Rather common.

LOMENTARIA, Thuret.

L. uncinata, Meneg.

L. uncinata, Meneg., var. filiformis, Harv.
Type and variety not uncommon in the harbor, etc.

CHAMPIA, Harv.

C. parvula, Harv.

Common in quiet water. Miss Anne Mitchell, 1853.

HYPNEA, Lamour.

H. musciformis, Lamour.
Siasconset, L. L. D.

85
RHABDONIA, Harv.

R. tenera, Ag.

Abundant and luxuriant ; a striking feature of the marine
vegetation in summer.

POLYIDES, Ag.

P. rotund us, Grev.
Siasconset ; not very common.

GRINNELLIA, Harv.

G. Americana, Grev.

Common. The most beautiful sea-weed of southern New
England.

GKACILLARIA, Grev.

G. multipartita, Ag.

G. multipartita, Ag., var. angustissima, Harvey.
Polpis ; both forms, but both apparently rare. L. L. D.

CHONDRIOPSIS, J. Ag.

0. dasyphylla, Ag.

A specimen from Brant Point in the herbarium of Miss M. A.
Booth ; probably not uncommon, though this is the only evi-
dence that can now be referred to.

C. tenuissima, Ag., var. Baileyana, Farlow.
Type and variety very common in the bay, on stones and
shells near low water mark.

POLYSIPHCWIA, Grev.

P. urceolata, Grev., var. formosa, Ag.

Brant Point, L. L. D.
P. Olneyi, Harv.

(Dr. S. Durkee.)
P. Harveyi, Bailey.
12

86

P. Harveyi, Bailey, var. arietina, Harv.

Both of the preceding species common in the bay ; the varie-
ty at Polpis. L, L. D.
P. elongata, Grev.
P. violacea, Grev.

These two species found at Siasconset ; both rather rare.

L. L. D.
P. variegata, Ag.

Common in the bay.
P. atrorubescens, Grev.

Siasconset ; not common. L. L. D.
P. nigrescens, Grev.
P. nigrescens, Grev., var. affinis, Ag.

Type and variety both common.

DASYA, Ag.

D. elegans, Ag. CHENILLE.
Abundant ; a very handsome plant.

CORALLINA, Lamour.

C. officinalis, L.
Siasconset ; rare. L. L. D.

MELOBESIA, Aresch.

M. Lejolisii, Rosanoff.
Common on Zostera.

M. membranacea, Lamour.

Siasconset on Phyllophora membranifolia ; very rare. Other
species of Melanesia are often brought to notice under this
name, but there is no authenticated report of its previous oc-
currence on our coast. The frond is very thin, so that the
color of the plant on which it grows shows through plainly,
while M. farinosa is opaque and easily crumbles, M. pustulata
is thick and stony, and M. Lejolisii, which it most nearly re-
sembles, occurs on Zostera only, not on algae.

87

M. farinosa, Lamour.

Siasconset, forming a thin white incrustation on various

algae ; not very common.
M. pustulata, Lamour.

Siasconset, on Chondrus crispus. L. L. D.
M. Corallinae, Crowan.

Siasconset, on Corallina officinalis ; new to America and very

rare. L. L. D.

Here the Catalogue must close, with no record of the Lichenes
or Fungi. Mr. John Lewis Russell, a botanist eminently qual-
ified to report on the former, was on the island a short time
about 1850, and undoubtedly made note of all the species he
saw, but the compiler has no list of them. These two orders
offer an unexplored field to any who will enter it.

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

Page 18. After C. viscosum add

C. arvense, L.
The note applies to this plant and not to C. viscosum.

Page 19. After PORTULACACEiE add
PORTULACA, Tourn.

Page 42. For ILYSANTHUS read ILYSANTHES.

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