CfiC
A Catalogue of Plants,
A033dS
'A 'N '•t
CATALOGUE
OF
PLANTS,
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED,
IN THE VICINITY
OF NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA ;
WITH REMARKS AND SYNONYMS.
H. B. CROOM, A.. $4, ESQ.
Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina ; Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, and of the New-York Lyceum of Natural History.
NEW- YORK :
G.P. SCOTT AND CO., PRINTERS. 1837.
•
PREFACE BY DR. TORREY.
1
MY much lamented friend MR. GROOM, had nearly completed the printing of this Cata- logue, when he was obliged, in consequence of the lateness of the season, to take his de- parture for his residence in the South ; confid- ing to me the superintendence of the remain- ing proof sheets, and the distribution of copies of the work to his friends. Unfortunately he embarked, with his wife and three children, in the steam-packet HOME, which, in two days after leaving New- York, was wrecked on the coast of North Carolina. By this dreadful catastrophe about ninety persons perished ; among them, MR. GROOM and all his family.
MR. C. was an ardent lover of Botany and a successful cultivator of the science. In his annual visits to Florida, he availed himself of the opportunities which he enjoyed of exam-
IV PREFACE.
ining the vegetable productions of the inter- esting regions through which he passed. His earlier botanical papers are inserted in the American Journal of Science. In 1833, in connexion with Dr. Loomis, he published the first edition of this catalogue. The present greatly improved edition was prepared by MR. C. alone. His principal herborizations were conducted in the vicinity of Newbern ; and in Middle Florida, particularly in the vicinity of Tallahassee, and along the Appala- chicola river. We are indebted to him for many important contributions to the Flora of North America ; but his disinterestedness and modesty prevented him from publishing the greater number of his own discoveries. Most of his new and rare plants, together with his valuable observations on them, were kindly presented to me, with permission to use them for the benefit of science. It is my purpose to describe some of these in a separate paper. He has, however, given us a valuable mono- graph of the genus SARRACENIA, which will appear in the forthcoming volume of the An- nals of the New- York Lyceum.
PREFACE. V
Among the new plants discovered by MR. GROOM, and communicated to me, are a beau- tiful evergreen Andromeda ; an arborescent Taxus, allied to T. Canadensis, but attaining a height of thirty feet; a noble new genus of Coniferse with the foliage of Taxus and a fruit, as large as a nutmeg, which Dr. Arnott will shortly publish under the name of Torreya ; and a very distinct new genus, to which I have given the name of Groomia, in honour of my departed friend.
MR. C. had projected a plan for extensive botanical explorations in Florida; and during his last visit to New- York, he commenced some arrangements with a view to publishing a continuation of Michaux's North American Sylva, a task for which he was peculiarly well qualified. It was his intention to devote much of his future life to the examination of the rare and imperfectly described southern plants, and he had provided himself with some of the best works and other means calculated to ren- der his labours effective ; but in an unexpected moment he was arrested in the midst of his scientific career and all his fond hopes blasted-
PREFACE.
For the accompanying sketch of the early life and character of Mr. Groom I am indebt- ed to the Rev. Dr. Hawks of this city.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 2, 1837.
MY DEAU SIR,
In reply to your note asking for information concerning our lamented friend, Mr. Groom, I very willingly perform the sad duty of paying my tribute to departed merit, by communicating such facts as I know. From my boy- hood I have known Mr. Groom. He was born in Lenoir County, in the State of North Carolina, in the year 1799 ; and at an early age, he and I met at the University of that State, where we were both educated. I was in the class before him, but as we were from contiguous counties, our association was more intimate than was usual between the members of different classes. The quality which first en~ deared him to me was his natural amiability of disposition. This was indeed remarkable, as you will perceive, when I add, that I cannot now remember having ever seen him in a passion. I have seen him roused to resentment upon suffi- cient provocation, but the expression of that resentment was always dignified. The occasions for this emotion however were so rare, that I believe he passed through his course of four years in college, without having a serious quarrel, or making an enemy. But Mr. Groom had something more than this natural sweetness of disposition to recommend him. It was not in his case (as it has been in that of many others) associated with imbecility of mind. His understand-
ing was far superior to that of many men, who, by brilliancy of parts, would have dazzled the multitude of superficial observers more than he either did or could. In tiuth it never was his aim to dazzle. He was a patient labourer in the field of learning, because he loved learning for its own sake, as well as for the uses to which it might be applied in the practical business of life. He was a good scholar, particu- larly attached to classical learning, and, through his whole college course, always bore off a fair share of the honoura- ble distinctions awarded in his class. Unaffectedly modest, he sometimes appeared to those who did not know him well, to labour under a painful diffidence, and distrust of his own powers. Such however was not the fact, for I have never known' a man of more independence of mind, or more fear- less in the expression, on a proper occasion, of opinions which he had adopted. And I know also that, when in maturer years, he discovered some of these earlier opinions on most important subjects, to be erroneous, he had the manly honesty to confess his mistakes, and recant his errors. After leaving college, we were fellow students of law in the office of the Honourable Judge Gaston of North Carolina, and here we became inseparable companions. Knowing, as I did, his fondness for classical literature, and the refined and chastened tasf n which he possessed for English belles letters, I confess I did not expect to see him relish very highly the pages of my Lord Coke. But I was agreeably dissappoint- ed. What Mr. Groom deemed worth learning at all, he had the good sense to know was worth learning well ; and there- fore he studied his law books, as he had done his classics, attentively. It was never his purpose to become a practi- tioner in the profession. There was no necessity that he should do so, as his inheritance promised to be ample, and besides, his health was always delicate. He was, from the time we were at college, apparently predisposed to consump- tion. The opinion which he often expressed was, that it became a gentleman, whose means and education permitted
it, to acquire some profession ; and he knew of none more likely to make him useful and respectable than that he was pursuing. Without therefore seeking to become a profound jurist, he did study very attentively the great principles of the law as applicable both to real and personal property ; and in the discussions which, as you may suppose, would arise among us, for there were many students in the office, Mr. Groom always bore his part most creditably to himself, and argued his point on principles, following them out to their fair results by the powers of his own mind, without knowing much of cases to which his companions referred. In due time, he was admitted to the bar, and in the few causes in which he appeared, acquitted himself well. Adhering how- ever to his original purpose, he would not make the profes- sion his business ; and I think his only object in appearing at the bar at all, was to let it be understood that he belonged to the profession.
Not long after this, he married the lady who perished with him in the wreck of the " Home ;" and quietly divided his time between the enjoyment of his family circle, the care of his estate, and his literary pursuits. The natural sciences very soon occupied a large share of his attention. Geology and Mineralogy became favourites, and of his ardent love of Botany, you are qualified to speak more fully than I can. He had devoted also much attention to the subject of Ame- rican history, and, I know, contemplated a publication on some of the colonial events of our native state, North Caro- lina. In short sir, he loved letters with a pure and beautiful love.
When such a man dies, every true lover of learning must feel that a worthy companion is gone. I feel more than this, I have lost a friend of pure mind and gentle spirit, who re- lishing not the turmoil of the world, sought for his quiet pleasures in the cultivation of his intellect. Learned without ostentation, and modest without timidity, with a delicate per- ception and exquisite enjoyment of the beautiful in letters,
and a glad submission to the true in science, it was in the sacred circle of private friendship, that he shone most ; for there, he was ever ready to impart that which he had collect- ed by his research, or matured by his reflection. Such sir, is the estimate I have formed of one who was the friend of my boyhood and my riper years. As boyhood comes but once, when such friends die, a vacant niche is left in the affections which it were idle to attempt to fill : and while I mourn the necessity which has imposed upon me the task I have here performed, I feel that I have but met the sacred duties created by a friendship, uninterrupted for years by a single disagreement, in thus rendering my humble tribute to the memory of a man whom I loved.
I am sir, very respectfully,
Your friend and ob'dt. serv't.
FRANCIS L. HAWKS. DR. JOHN TORREY.
I conclude this biographical notice by the following extract from the minutes of the New- York Lyceum of Natural History, which ex- presses the sentiments entertained by that learned body towards their late associate.
JOHN TORREY.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 2, 1837.
" The melancholy catastrophe which cut off in the prime of life H. B. CROOM, Esq. with his whole family, having been communicated to the Lyceum,
It was Resolved, That the Members of the Lyceum of Natural History have heard with poignant regret the prema- ture death of their lamented associate H. B. CROOM, distin- guished alike for his zeal and his services in the cause of science, and for his virtues and merits as a man.
Resolved, That in view of this melancholy event, the Members offer their condolence to his surviving relatives, and will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days."
PREFATORY REMARKS.
NEW BERN is situated in latitude 35° 20' N. in a portion of that large tertiary region appropriately called the " low country" of Carolina ; about eighty miles below the primitive formations, fifty to seventy miles from the sea coast, and a little above the flow of the tides, at the junction of Neuse and Trent rivers.
In this vicinity the White-flowering Cornel, or Dogwood (Cornus florida,) is in full bloom about the middle of April ; Stewartia Virginica blooms about the 20th May, and the cultivated Cotton plant (Gos- sypium herbaceum and hirsutum) begins to flower during the first week in July. Wheat ripens about the 10th June.
The plants of chief importance in the agriculture of this section of country are, Indian Corn, Cot- ton, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Sweet Potatoes, (Convolvulus Batatas, Linn.) Tobacco, and Rice.
The Natural System of Botany, the great outline of which was first sketched by Jussieu, having now fairly superseded the artificial system of Lmne% I
have thought it advisable to dispose the plants here enumerated in their natural orders, according to that system.*
In investigating the plants around New Bern I was much assisted by my friends Dr. H. Loomis, (now of Macon, Geo.) and George Wilson, Esq. oi'Nevv Bern, to whom I take this occasion of tendering my ac- knowledgments.
Many of the more difficult plants of this catalogue have passed under the inspection of Prof. Torrey.
A few of the species here enumerated do not be- long to the immediate vicinity of New Bern. The principal of these are Ilex vomitoria and Uniola pa- niculata on the sea-coast below, and Petalostemon corymbos'um, MacbrideajwJc/mz, Vernonia oligophylla Rhuspumila, and Robinia hispida in the county of Lenoir, above.
The line of division between northern and southern plants, proposed in Eaton's Manual of Botany, (6th edition) appears to me to be carried too far north. I find that several interesting Southern plants terminate their northern range in the district lying between the Cape Fear and Neuse Rivers, in North Carolina. These are Chamserops Palmetto,
* This system may now be studied with much advantage in the second edition of Professor Lindley's " Natural System of Botany," London, 18.37.
Liatris odoratissima, Petalostemon corymbosum, Ver- nonia angustifolia, Calamintha Caroliniana, Lupinus viHosus, and perhaps Olea Americana. Tillandsia usneoides extends to the Dismal Swamp, and Taxo- dium distichum, Rich. (Cupressus disticha,Limi.) to the swamps of Delaware. Sabal Adansoni reaches the neighbourhood of Albemarle Sound ; Pinus australis, MX. extends to the south-eastern counties of Virginia, occupying our great southern tertiary formation to its Northern limit, while, by means of the elevated ridge of the Alleghany, many northern species, as Pinus balsamea, Canadensis, alba and nigra, enter the Carolinas.
It is exceedingly difficult, perhaps impossible, to indicate a satisfactory line of demarcation ; but, if we pass the Cape Fear, and the Neuse, it seems to me that we ought to stop at the Albemarle Sound, and its most northern tributary.*
August, 1837.
* Perhaps James river, in Virginia, might be preferable, affording, as it does, a definite line from the Chesapeake bay to the Alleghany ridge, having .south of it Miegia gigantea, Tillandsia usneoides, Nyssa grandi- denlata, Pinus australis, Olea Americana. Sabal Adansoni, Chamasrops Palmetto, &c.
CATALOGUE.
EXOGEN.E.
RANUNCULACE^J. Anemone thalictroides, Linn.
Virginiana, Linn.
Clematis crispa, Linn. Blue Jessamine. Ranunculus nitidus, Ell.
parviflorus, Linn. (1.)
pusillus, Poir.
recurvatus, Poir.
sceieratus, Linn. Butter-cup. Thalictrum Carolinianum, Bosc.
MAGNOLIACE^E.
Liriodendron Tulipifera, Linn. Tulip-tree, Magnolia glauca, Linn. White Bay.
Umbrella, Lamarck (2.) Umbrella-tree.
ANON ACE JE. Asimina parviflora, Dunal.
PODOPHYLLACE.*:.
Podophyllum peltatum, Linn. May-apple.
CABOMBACEJE.
Brasenia purpurca. (3.) Cabomba Coroliniana, Gray. (4.)
8 Catalogue of Plants
CERATOPHYLLACE^E. (5.) Ceratophyllum demersum, Linn. NYMPH^EACEJE. Nelumbium luteum, Willd. Nuphar Advena, Ait. Nymphaea odorata, Ait.
SARRACENIACE^.
Sarracenia flava, Linn. (S. Catesbaei, Ell. !) purpurea, Linn. (Catesb. Car. II. 70.)
PAPAVERACE^E.
Argemone Mexicana, Linn. § Sanguinaria Canadensis, Linn. (6.)
FCMARIACE^E. Corydalis aurea, Willd.
CRUCIFERJE.
Cardamine Pennsylvanica, Linn. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. (7.) Draba Caroliniana, Walt. Lepidium Virginicum, Linn. Senebiera pinnatifida, var. De Cand. (8.) Sisymbrium thalianum, Hook. (9.)
CISTACE.E. Lechea major, Michx. Helian themum Canadense, Michx.
VIOL ACE JE. Viola blanda, WiUd. cucullata, Ait. lanceolata, Linn.
. around New Bern, N. C. 9
Viola palmata, Linn.
primulifblia, Linn. villosa, Walt.
DROSERACE.E.
Dionsea Muscipula, Ellis. (10.) Venus' Fly-trap. Drosera brevifolia, Pursh. rotundifolia, Linn.
POLYGALACE^E.
Polygala corymbosa, Michx. cruciata, Linn, incarnata, Linn, lutea, Linn, purpurea, Nutt. verticillata, Linn.
CARYOPHYLLACE^. Mollugo verticillata, Linn. Saponaria officinalis, Linn. § Silene antirrhina, Linn.
Pennsylvanica, Michx. Spergiila saginoides, Michx. Stellaria media, Smith. Chick-weed. Arenaria diffusa, Ell.
serpyllifolia, Linn. Cerastium hirsutum, Muhl.
vulgatum, Linn. Agrostemma Githago, Linn. §
MALVACEAE.
Hibiscus Moscheutos, Linn. Virginicus, Linn.
10 Catalogue of Plants
Malva Caroliniana, Linn. Sida Abutilon, Linn.
rhombifolia, Linn.
spinosa, Linn.
TILIACE.E.
Tilia glabra, Vent. ? pubescens, Ait.
TERNSTRCEMIACE^E.
Gordonia Lasianthus, Ellis. (11.) Stewartia Virginica, Cavan.
HYPERICACE./E.
Ascyrum Crux Andreae, Linn.
stans, Michx. Hypericurn fasciculatum, Michx.
maculatum, Walt.
nudiflorum, Michx.
parviflorum, Linn.
rosmarinifolium, Lam.
Sarothra, Michx.
Virginicum, Linn.
ACE RACEME.
Acer dasycarpum, Ehrh. White maple. rubrum, Ehrh. Red maple. saccharinum, Linn. (12.) Sugar maple.
MELIACE^E. Melia Azedarach, Linn. §
around New Bern, N. C.
LINAGES. Linum Virginianum, Linn.
GERANIACE.E. Geranium Carolinianum, Linn.
BALSAMINAC^E. Impatiens fulva, Nutt. Touch-me-not.
OXALIDACE^E.
Oxalis stricta, Linn. Wood-sorrel.
XANTHOXYLACE^:. Ptelea trifoliata, Linn.
CELASTRACE^E. Cyrilla racemiflora, Linn. Euonymus Americanus, Linn. Burning bush.
RHAMNACE^E. Ceanothus Americanus, Linn.
intermedius, Pursh. Berchemia volubilis, De Cand. (13.) " Rattan."
ANACARDIACEJE. Rhus copallina, Linn. Sumach.
pumila, Michx. (in Lenoir, and Wayne.) radicans, Linn. Poison-vine. Toxicodendron, Linn. Poison-oak. venenata, De Cand. (R. Vernix, Linn.)
LEGUMINOS^;.
Amorpha Caroliniana, Groom. (14.) fruticosa, Linn.
11
12 Catalogue of Plants
Amorpha pubescens, Linn. Amphicarpaea monoica, Ell. Apios tuberosa, Pursh. Astragalus obcordatus, Ell. Baptisia lanceolata, Walt.
tinctoria, Linn. Cassia Chamsecrista, Linn.
ligustrina, Linn. ?
nictitans, Linn.
Tora, Linn, s Clitoria Mariana, Linn.
Virginiana, Linn. Crotalaria ovalis, Pursh. Rattle-box.
sagittalis, Willd. Desmodium Boottii, Torr. MS. (16.)
bracteosum, De Cand.
nudiflorum, Ce Cand.
rotundifolium, De Cand.
strictum, De Cand.
viridiflorum, De Cand. Galactia glabella, MX.
mollis, MX.
Gleditschia triacantha, Linn. Honey-locust. Indigofera Caroliniana, Walt. (17.) Wild Indigo. Lathyrus palustris, Linn. Lespedeza angustifolia, Ell.
procumbens, Michx.
sessiliflora, Michx.
violacea, Pers. Lupinus perennis, Linn. Medicago lupulina, Linn. <§> Petalostemon corymbosum, Michx,
around New Bern, N. C. 13
Phaseolus perennis, Walt. Psoralea melilotoides, Michx. Rhynchosia erecta, De Cand.
difformis, De Cand. (1 .) Robinia hispida, Linn. (In Lenoir.)
Pseud acacia, Linn. $ Strophostyles peduncularis, Ell. (19.) Stylosanthes elatior, Swartz. Tephrosia paucifolia, Nutt.
Virginiana, Pers. Trifolium arvense, Linn.
Carolinianum, Linn. ?
pratense, Linn. §
repens, Linn. Vicia sativa, Linn.
Wistaria frutescens, De Cand. (W. speciosa, Nutt.) Zornia tetraphylla, Michx.
ROSACE JE.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linn.
suaveolens, Pursh.
Amelanchier Botryapium, De Cand. (20.) Crataegus apiifolia, Michx.
coccinea, Linn. Red Haw.
flava, Linn.
parvifolia, Linn.
spathulata, Michx.
Fragaria Virginiana, Ehrh. Wild Strawberry. Geum Virginianum, Linn. Potentilla simplex, Michx. Pyrus (Aronia) arbutifolia, De Cand. Pyrus coronaria, Linn. Wild. Crab.
14 Catalogue of Plants
Prunus Virginiana, Linn. Wild Cherry.
Chicasa, Michx.
Rosa lucida, Ehrh ? Ell. Swamp Rose. Rubus cuneifolius, Pursh.
occidentalis, Linn. Raspberry.
trivialis, Michx. Dewberry.
villosus, Ait. Blackberry. Spirasa tomentosa, Linn.
LYTHRACE^. Lythrum lineare, Linn.
verticillatum, Linn.
MELASTOMACE^E. Rhexia ciliosa, Michx.
glabella, Michx. Deer grass. lutea, Michx. Mariana, Linn.
PHIL ADE LPH AC E JE .
Decumaria barbara, Linn. (21.)
ONAGRARI^E.
Gaura angustifolia, Michx. Jsnardia alternifolia, De Cand. (22.)
alata, De Cand.
linearis, De Cand.
mollis, De Cand.
palustris, Linn.
pedunculosa, De Cand.
pilosa, De Cand. (Enothera biennis, Linn. Evening primrose.
around New Bern, N. d 15
Gfinothera linearis, Michx. sinuata, Linn, var. minima, Pursh.
HALORAGE.E.
Myriophyllum verticillatum, Linn. Proserpinaca palustris, Linn.
CUCURBITACEJE.
Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. § (23.) Gourd. Melothria pendula, Linn.
PASSIFLORACE^E.
Passiflora incarnata, Linn. May pop. lutea, Linn.
TURNERACE^E.
Turnera cistoides, Linn.
PORTULACACE^E.
Portulaca oleracea, Linn. Purslain.
CRASSULACEjE.
Penthorum sedoides, Linn.
CACTACE^E. Opuntia vulgaris, Haw. (24.) Prickly-pear.
SAXIFRAGACEJE.
Heuchera Americana, Linn. Alum root. Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx.
HAMAMELACE^E. Fothergilla alnifolia, Linn. Hamamelis Virginica, Linn. Witch Hazel.
16 Catalogue of Plants
UMBELLIFERJE.
Cicuta maculala, Linn. Water Hemlock. Crantzia lineata, Nutt. Discopleura capillacea, De Cand. Eryngium ovalifolium, Michx.
Virginianum, Pers. Button snake-root. Hydrocotyle Americana. Lam.
repanda, Pers.
umbellata, Linn.
Leptocaulis divaricatus, De Cand. (25.) Peucedanum ternatutn, Nutt. (26.) Sanicula Marylandica, Linn. Shim longifolium, Pursh.
ARALIACE^E.
Aralia spinosa, Linn. Prickly ash. Panax trifolium, Linn.
ESCALLONIACE^E.
Itea Virginica, Linn.
CORNACEJE.
Cornus florida, Linn. Dog-wood. stricta, Linn.
LORANTHACE^E.
Viscum verticillatum, Linn. Misletoe.
CAFRIFOLIACE^E.
Lonicera sempervirens, Linn. (27.) Coral honey- suckle. Woodbine.
Sambucus Canadensis, Linn. Elder. Viburnum nudum, Linn.
prunifolium, Linn. Black Haw.
around New Bern, N. C. 17
Galium pilosum, Ait. trifidum, Linn. Rubia Walteri, De Cand. (81.)
ClNCHONACEyE.
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Linn. Diodia hirsuta, Pursh.
tetragona, Walt. Mitchella repens, Linn. Spermacoce diodina, Michx.
VALERIANACE^E. Valerianella radiata, De Cand. (28.)
COMPOSITE.
Achillea Millefolium, Linn. §. Yarrow. Ambrosia elatior, Linn. Anthemis Cotula, Linn, §. May-weed. Aster concolor, Linn.
ericoides, Willd.
laevigatus, Linn.
linariifolius, Linn.
multiflorus, Linn.
squarrosus, Walt.
patens, Willd. Baccharis angustifolia, Michx.
halimifolia, Linn.
sessiliflora, Michx. Bidens bipinnata, Linn. Spanish needles.
chrysanthemoides, Michx.
frondosa, Linn. Borkhausia Caroliniana, Nutt. 3
18 Catalogue of Plants
Chaptalia integrifolia, Michx. Chrysocoma nudata, Michx. Chrysogonum Virginianum, Linn. Chrysopsis argentea, Nutt.
gossypina, Nutt.
graminifolia, Nutt.
Mariana, Nutt. Cnicus horridulus, Michx. ?
lanceolatus, Hoffm. § Thistle.
Virginianus, Pursh. Ccelestina coerulea, Cass. (29.) Coreopsis crassifolia, Ait.
gladiata, Walt.
lanceolata, Linn.
mitis, Michx. Eclipta erecta, Linn.
procumbens, Michx. Elephantopus Carolinianus, Willd. Elephant's foot,
var. simplex, Nutt. (E. nudicaulis, Ell.) Erigeron bellidifolium, Willd.
Canadense, Lirin. Hog-weed,
nudicaule, Michx.
Philadelphicum, Linn.
purpureum, Ait.
strigosum, Willd. Eupatorium album, Linn.
aromaticum, Linn.
coronopi folium, Willd. (In Lenoir.)
fceniculaceum, Willd.
perfoliatum, Linn. Bone-set.
purpureum, Linn.
rotundifolium, Linn.
around New Bern, N. C. 19
Eupatorium verticillatum, Willd. ? Gnaphalium polycephalum, Michx.
purpureum, Linn.
uliginosum, Linn. ? Helenium autumnale, Linn.
quadridentatum, Labill. (30.) Helianthus angustifolius, Linn.
atrorubens, Linn.
heterophyllus, Nutt.
hispidulus, Ell.? Hieracium Gronovii, Linn. Krigia Virginica, Willd. Lactuca elongata, Muhl. Leontodon Taraxacum, Linn. <§ Liatris bellidifolia, Michx.
graminifolia, Walt.
odoratissima, Walt. (31.)
paniculata, Willd.
spicata, Willd.
tomentosa, Michx. Marshallia angustifolia, Pursh. Mikania pubescens, Nutt.
scandens, Willd. Pluchea caniphorata, Cass. (32.)
bifrons.
Marylandica. Polymnia Uvedalia, Lintl. Prenanthes alba, Linn.
virgata, Michx.
Pterocaulon pycnostachyon, Ell. Sclerolepis verticillata, Cass. (33.) Senecio hieracifolius, Linn.
20 Catalogue of Plants
Senecio lobatus, Pers. Sericocarpus conyzoides, Nees. (34.)
solidagineus, Nees.
tortifolius, Nees.
Silphium pinnatifidum, Ell. ? (35.) Solidago altissima, Linn ? Golden rod.
arguta, Ait.
bicolor, Linn.
caesia, Ait.
juncea, Ait.
laevigata, Ait.
nemoralis, Ait.
odora, Ait.
tenuifolia, Pursh.
virgata, Michx. Sonchus Carolinianus, Walt.
oleraceus, Linn. Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd.
oligophylla, Michx. Xanthium spinosum, Linn. § (Wharves.)
echinatum, Murray. (82.)
LOBELIACE^:.
Lobelia cardinalis, Linn. Cardinal flower. amcena, Michx. glandulosa, Walt. Nuttalliana, RcEm. & Schult. syphilitica, Michx.
CAMFANULACE^E. Campanula Americana, Linn ? amplexicaulis, MX.
around New Bern, N. C. 21
ERICACE^;. Andromeda acuminata, Ait.
arborea, Linn. (36.)
axillaris, Ait.
Mariana, Linn.
nitida, Walt.
paniculata, Pursh. (83.)
racemosa, Michx.
rhomboidalis, Du Ham ? (37.)
speciosa, Michx. Azalea nudiflora, Linn. Honeysuckle.
viscosa, Linn. Clethra alnifolia, Linn.
tomentosa, Lam. Epigaea repens, Linn. Gaultheria procumbens, Linn. Kalmia angustifolia, Linn.
cuneata, MX. (38.)
VACCINACEJE.
Oxycoccus macrocarpus, Pers. Cranberry. Vaccinium corymbosum, Linn. Whortleberry,
dumosum, Andr.
frondosum, Linn.
galezans, Michx.
myrtifolium, Michx.
stamineum, Linn,
tenellum, Ait.
PYROLACE^E. Monotropa uniflora, Linn.
lanuginosa, Michx. Chimaphila maculata, Pursh.
umbellata, Nutt.
22 Catalogue of Plants
STYRACEJE.
Symplocos tinctoria, L'Herit. («Hopeatinctoria,Linn-) Styrax laevigatus, Ait.
grandifolius, Ait.
EjBENACEJE.
Diospyros Virginiana, Linn. Persimon-tree*
AQTJIFOLIACE^. Hex vomitoria, Ait. (39.) Youpon.
myrtifolia, Walt.
opaca, Ait.
prinoides, Ait Prinos ambiguus, Michx.
glaber, Linn.
verticillatus, Linn.
Bumelia lycioides, Willd. tenax, Willd.
OLEACE.E.
Chionanthus Virginica, Linn. Fringe-tree* Fraxinus acuminata, Lamarck. Ash-tree* epiptera, Michx.
ASCLEPIADE^E.
Asclepias acuminata, Pursh. amplexicaulis, Michx. cinerea, Walt. incarnata, Linn. obtusifolia, Michx. paupercula, Michx. quadrifolia, Jacq. syriaca, Linn.
around New Bern, N. C. 23
Asclepias tuberosa, Linn.
variegata, Linn. ' verticillata, Linn. Gonolobus Carolinensis, Ell.
viridiflorus, Nutt. Podostigma pubescens, Ell.
APOCYNACB^E.
Amsonia latifolia, Mxich.
Apocynum cannabinum, Linn.
Gelsemium nitidum, Michx. Yellow Jessamine (15.)
GENTIANACE^E.
Gentiana angustifolia, Michx.
Catesbsei, Walt.
Saponaria, Linn. Mitreola ophiorhizoides, Rich. (40.)
lanceolata. Torr. MS. Houstonia ccerulea, Linn. Obolaria Virginica, Linn. Polypremun procumbens, Linn. Sabbatia angularis, Pursh.
calycosa, Pursh.
gracilis, Salisb.
paniculata, Pursh. Villarsia trachysperma, Ell.
BlGNONIACEJE.
Bignonia capreolata, Linn. Cross-vine. radicans, Linn. Trumpet-flower. Catalpa cordifolia, Duham (42.) §. Catawba-tree.
24 Catalogue of Plants
POLE MONI ACE JE. Phlox pilosa, Linn.
maculata, Linn. ?
DlAPENSIACE^E.
Pyxidanthera barbulata, Michx.
HYDROLEACE.E. Hydrolea quadrivalvis, Walt.
CONVOLVULACE^E.
Convolvulus coccineus, Spreng. (43.)
lacunosus, Spreng.
Nil, Linn. <§> Morning-glory.
panduratus, Linn.
Quamoclit, Spreng. Cypress-vine.
sagittifolius, Michx. (Catesb. Car. I. 35.)
tenellus, Lamarck. (44.) Cuscuta Americana, Linn.
BOR AGIN ACE J&.
Onosmodium molle, Michx.
SOLANACE^E.
Datura Stramonium, Linn. James-town-weed. §
Tatula, Linn. § Physalis viscosa, Linn. Solanum Carolinense, Linn. Horse-nettle.
nigrum, var. Linn. Nightshade.
RHINANTHACE.E. Pedicularis Canadensis, Linn.
around Neiv Bern, N. C. 25
SCROPHULARIACE^E.
Antirrhinum Canadense, Linn. Toad-flax. Chelone glabra, Linn. Gerardia flava, Linn.
linifolia, Nutt.
quercifolia, Pursh.
purpurea, Linn.
tenuifoHa, Vahl. Gratiola pilosa, Michx.
Virginica, Linn. Mimulus alatus, Ait.
ringens, Linn. Monkey-flower. Pentstemon laevigatus, Ait.
pubescens, Ait. Veronica arvensis, Linn.
peregrina, Linn. Verbascum Thapsus, Linn. Mullein.
Blattaria, var., Linn. Moth-mullein.
OROBANCHACE^E.
Epiphegus Americanus, Nutt. Beech-drops. Obolaria Virginica, Linn. Orobanche Americana, Linn.
VERBENACE^E.
Callicarpa Americana, Linn. Bermuda Mulberry. Verbena angustifolia, Michx.
Caroliniana, Linn. ,
hastata, var., Linn, f
LABIATE. _ Hyptis radiata, Linn.
Lamium amplexicaule, Linn. § Dead-nettle. 4
26 Catalogue of Plant*
Leonurus Cardiaca, Linn. § Mother-wort, Lycopus Europseus, Linn. Water-hoarhound*
Virginicus, Linn.
Calamintha Nepeta, Pursh. Wild Thyme. Macbridea pulchra, Ell. Marrubium vulgare, Linn. § Hoarhound. Mentha tenuis, Michix. Wild Mint. Monarda punctata, Linn. Horse-mint. Physostegia variegata, Benth. (45.) Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Pycnanthemum aristatum, Michx.
incanum, Michx.
Virginicum, Nutt. Salvia lyrata, Linn. Wild Sage. Scutellaria integrifolia, Linn.
lateriflora, Linn. Scullcap. Trichostema dichotoma, Linn. Blue curls,
AcANTHACEuE.
Justicia humilis, Michx. Ruellia screpens, Linn.
PEDALIACE^E. Martynia proboscidea, Gloxin.
L E NTIB UL ARI^E .
Pinguicula elatior, Michx.
lutea, Walt.
pumila, Michx ? Utricularia inflata, Walt.
setacea, Michx.
around New Bern, N. C. 27
PRIMULACEJE. Lysimachia Herbemonti, Ell.
Loomisii, Torr. ined. (46.) Samolus Valerandi, Linn.
PLANTAGINACE^E.
Plantago lanceolata, Linn. $ major, Linn. § Virginica, Linn.
AMARANTH ACE M .
Achyranthes polygonoides, Nutt. (47.) Amaranthus lividus, Linn. ?
spinosus, Linn.
sanguineus, Linn.
CHENOPODACE/E.
Chenopodium album, Linn, ambrosioides, Linn, anthelminticum, Linn.
PHYTOL ACCACE^E . Phytolacca decandra, Linn. Poke.
POLYGON ACE M.
Polygonum aviculare, Linn, mite, Pers.
Pennsylvanicum, Linn, punctatum, Ell. Water-pepper. sagittatum, Linn. Tear-thumb. scandens, Linn. Climbing buckwheat. Virginianum, Linn.
28 Catalogue of Plants
Rumex Acetosella, Linn. Sorrel. acutus, Linn. ? § crispus, Linn, sanguineus, Linn. Dock. verticillatus, Linn.
LAURACE^E.
Laurus Benzoin, Linn. (48.) Spice-bush. Carolinensis, Catesb. Car. I. 63. geniculata, Walt. Sassafras, Linn. Sassafras-tree. var. albida, Nutt. White sassafras.
SANTALACEJE.
Nyssa aquatica, Linn. Tupelo gum. sylvatica, Michx. Black gum. grandidentata, Michx.
ARISTOLOCHACEJE.
Aristolochia Serpentaria, Linn. Snake-root. Asarum arifolium, Michx. Asa rabacca.
EUPHORBIACE^E.
Acalypha Virginica, Linn. Jatropha stimulosa, Michx. Stinging nettle. Stillingia sylvatica, Linn. Tragia urens, Linn. Euphorbia corollata, Linn. Ipecacuanhae, Linn.
URTICACEiE.
Brehmeria cylindrica, Linn.
around New Bern, N. C. 29
ULMACE^E.
Celtis occidentalis, Linn. Hack-berry. Ulmus alata, Michx,
Americana, Linn. Elm tree.
ARTOCARPACE.E.
Morus alba, Linn. § White Mulberry. rubra, Linn. Red Mulberry.
SAURURACE^E. Saururus cernuus, Linn. Lizard's tail.
AMENTACE.E. § Salicinece.
Populus angulata, Ait. Poplar. Salix nigra, Linn. ? Ell. Willow.
§ Myricece. Myrica Carolinensis, Wangenh.
cerifera, Linn. Candle-berry Myrtle.
^ Betulineee. (
Betula nigra, Linn. ? Birch. Alnus serrulata, Willd. Alder. Carpinus Americana, Michx. Horn-beam. Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Iron-wood.
$ Platanea.
Liquidambar Styraciflua, Linn. Sweet-gum. Platanus occidentalis, Linn. Sycamore.
§ Cupuliferce.
Castanea pumila, Michx. Chinquapin. Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazlc-nut. Fagus sylvatica, var. Linn. Beech.
30 Catalogue of Plants
Quercus alba, Linn. White oak.
aquatica, Walt. Water oak. Catesbsei, Michx. Scrub oak. cinerea, Michx. Grey oak. coccinea, Wangenh. falcata, Michx. Blaek oak. laurifolia, Michx. (49.) lyrata, Walt. Over-cup oak. nigra, Linn. Black Jack. obtusiloba, Michx. Post oak. Phellos, Linn. Willow oak. Prinos, Linn. Chesnut oak. rubra, Linn. Red oak. virens, Ait. (50.) Live oak.
JUGLANDACE^E.
Gary a aquatica, Nutt.
porcina, Nutt. ? Pig-nut-tree.
sulcata, Nutt.
tomentosa, Nutt. Hickory tree. Juglans nigra, Linn. Walnut tree.
CONIFERS.
Cupressus thyoides, Linn. White Cedar. Juniperus Virginiana, Linn. Red Cedar. Pinus australis, Michx. (51.) Pitch pine. Long- leaf pine.
serotina, Michx. Pond pine.
variabilis, Lamb. (52.)
Taeda, Linn. Taxodium distichum, Rich. (53.)
var. imbricarium.
around New Bern, N. C. 31
EJV.E.
HYDROCHARIDACEJE. Vallisneria spiralis, var. Linn.
ORCHID ACE^E.
Calopogon pulchellus, R. Brown. Cranichis multiflora, Ell. (84.) Cypripedium pubescens, Willd.
humile Salisb.
Goodyera pubescens, R. Brown. Habenaria blephariglottis, R. Brown.
ciliaris, R. Brown. Pogonia divaricata, R. Brown.
ophioglossoides, Ker. Malaxis lilifolia, Linn. Microstylis ophioglossoides, Nutt. Spiranthes cernua, Rich.
odorata, Nutt. in journ. acad. Phil.
tortilis, Rich. Tipularia discolor, Nutt.
. IRIDACE^E.
Iris cristata, Linn.
versicolor, Linn. Blue flag. Sisyrinchium anceps, Linn, Blue-eyed grass.
ELEMODORACE^E.
Lachnanthes tinctoria, Ell.
HYPOXIDACEiE.
Hypoxis erecta, Linn.
32 Catalogue of Plants
DlOSCORACE^E.
Dioscotea quaternata, Walt.
SMILACEjE.
Convallaria multiflora, Liim.
racemosa, Linn. Medeola Virginica, Linn. Smilax caduca, Linn.
hastata, Willd.
lanceolata, Walt. Green Brier.
laurifolia, Linn. Bamboo.
Pseudo-China, Linn. (54.)
rotundifolia, Linn. Bamboo. Uvularia sessilifolia, Linn.
BROMELIACE^E. Tillandsia usneoides, Pers. Long Moss.
ASPHODE L AC E M .
Aletris aurea, Walt.
farinosa, Linn. Star-grass. Allium Canadense, Linn. Wild garlick.
striatum, Pursh.
vineale, Linn. Wild garlick. Asparagus officinalis, Linn. ^ Asparagus.
PALMATE. (55.) Sabal Adansoni, Guerns. (56.)
LILIACE^E. Lilium Carolinianum, Michx.
Catesbsei, Walt. Wild lily. Yucca filamentosa, Linn. Bear grass.
.
around New Bern, N. C.
MELANTHACE^E. Amianthium muscaetoxicum, Gray. (57.)
angustifolium, Gray. Helonias dioica, Pursh. Leimanthium Virginicum, Willd. (58.) Tofieldia pubens, Dryand. Zigadenus glaberrimus, Michx.
PONTEDERIACE.E.
Pontederia cordata, Linn.
COMMELINACEJE«
Commelina communis, Linn.
erecta, Linn. Tradescantia rosea, Michx.
AUSM ACE.fi,
Sagittaria lancifolia, Linn, natans, Michx. pusilla, Nutt. sagittifolia, Linn.
ARACE.E.
Acorus Calamus, Linn. Sweet flag. Calamus* Arum triphyllum, Linn. Caladium glaucum, Ell.
PISTIACE^:.
Lemna minor, Linn. Duck weed. polyrhiza, Pursh.
TYFHACE^E.
Typha latifolia, Linn. Cat-tail grass. 5
24 Catalogue of Plant*
FLUVIALES.
Potamogeton natans, Linn. Pond-weed,
perfoliatum, Linn.
fluitans, Roth. ? Ell. Zostera marina, Linn.
RESTIACE^E.
Eriocaulon decangulare, Linn, villosum, Michx.
XYRIDACE^:.
Xyris Caroliniana, Walt. Yellow-eyed grass.
JUNCACEJE.
Juncus effusus, Linn. Rush. polycephalus, Michx. repens, Michx. tenuis, Pers.
CYPERACE^E. Carex acuta, Linn.
alata, Torr. (59.) bromoides, Schkuhr. cephalophora, Muhl. crinita, Lam. Elliottii, Schw. (60.) folliculata, Linn, glaucescens, Ell. hirsuta, Willd. lupuh'na, Muhl. multiflora, Muhl. polymorpha, Muhl. scoparia, Schkuhr. straminea, var. Schkuhr.
around New Bern, N. C.
Carex tentaculata, Muhl.
venusta, Dewey.
vesicaria, Linn.
vulpinoidea, Michx. Ceratoschoenus corniculatus, Nees. (61.)
macrostachys, Gray. (62.) Cladium effusum, Torr. (63.) Cyperus Baldwinii, Torr. (64.)
compressus, Linn.
dentatus, Torr.
filiculmis, Vahl. Torr.
flavescens, Linn.
Hydra, Michx. Nut-grass.
leptos, Schult.
Nuttallii, Torr.
ovularis, var. cylindricus, Torr. (65.)
repens, Ell. Nut-grass. Dulichium spathaceum, Pers. Eleocharis acicularis, R. Brown. (66.)
quadrangulata, R. Brown. (67.)
tuberculosa, R. Brown,
tenuis, Willd.
EriophorumVirginicum, Linn. Cotton-grass. Fuirena squarrosa, Michx. Kyllingia pumila, Michx. Lipocarpha maculata, Torr. (68.) Mariscus retrofractus, Vahl. Rhynchospora glomerata, Vahl.
inexpansa, Vahl. Scirpus castaneus, Michx.
Eriophorum, Michx. (69.)
lacustris, Linn.
pusillus, Vahl. ?
36 Catalogue of Planti
Scleria Caroliniana, Willd.
oligantha, Michx.
pauciflora, Muhl.
reticularis, Michx.
triglomerata, Michx. Trichelostylis, mucronulata, Torr. (70.) Dichromena leucocephala, Michx.
GRAMINE^C. Agrostis Michauxii, Trin. (71.)
(Vilfa) clandestina, Muhl.
Indica, Michx.
juncea, Michx.
Alopecurus geniculatus, Linn. Andropogon argenteus, Ell.
ciliatus, Ell.
macrourus, Michx. Wood Broom-grass.
nutans, Linn. Wild oats.
scoparius, Michx. Broom-grass.
Virginicus, Linn. Broom-grass. Amphicarpum Purshii, Kunth. (72.) Aristida gracilis, Ell.
purpurascens, Poir.
stricta, Michx.
Cenchrus tribuloides, Willd. Spur-grass. Cinna arundinacea, Linn. Ctenium Americanum, Panz. .(73.) Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Bermuda-grass Danthonia glumosa, Nutt. Digitaria filiformis, Linn.
sanguinalis, Michx. Crop-grass. Crab-grass,
villosa, Walt. Eleusinc Indica, Lam.
around New Bern, N. C. 37
Elymus Virginia us, Linn. Wild Rye. Erianthus alopecuroides, Ell. Festuca Myurus,
tenella,
Glyceria fluitans, R. Brown. Gymnopogon racemosum, Beauv. Koeleria truncata, Torr. Leersia oryzoides, Swartz. Rice-grass.
Virginica, Willd. Leptochloa virgata, Beauv. (74.) Melica speciosa, Muhl. Miegia macrosperma, Pers. Reed.
gigantea, Nutt. (75.) Cane. Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreb. Panicum anceps, Michx.
geniculatum, Muhl.
hispidum, Muhl.
Crus-galli, Linn.
ignoratum, Kunth. (76.)
latifolium, Linn.
nervosum, Muhl.
nitidum, Lam.
verrucosum, Muhl.
virgatum, Linn.
viscidum, Ell.
pubescens, Lam. Paspalum ciliatifolium, Michx.
distichum, Linn.
Floridanum, Michx.
laeve, Michx.
praecox, Walt. Poa annua, Linn.
38 Catalogue of Plant*
Poa Eragrostis, Linn. §
refracta, Muhl.
viridis, Ell. (77.) Setaria viridis, Beauv.
Italica, Beauv. § ? Rottbcellia rugosa, Nutt. (78.) Spartina glabra, Muhl ?
polystachia, Muhl. Stipa avenacea, Walt. Tridens seslerioides, Rcem. & Schult. Tripsacum dactyloides, Linn. Trisetum palustre, Torr. (79.) Uniola gracilis, Michx.
paniculata, Linn. Zizania aquatica, Lamb.
CRYPTOGAUIJE
J. (80.)
Equisetum hyemale, Linn.
FILICES. Aspidium acrostichoides, Swartz.
marginale, Swartz. Asplenium ebeneum, Ait. Osmunda cinnamomea, Linn.
regalis, Linri.
Polypodium incanum, Swartz. Pteris aquilina, Linn. Woodwardia onocleoides, Willd.
Virginica, Swartz.
around New Bern, N. C. 39
LYCOPODIACEJE.
Lycopodium alopecuroides, Linn. Carolinianum, Linn.
Musci.
Polytrichum brachyphyllum, Michx. perigonale, Michx.
ADDENDUM.
To the order Lcguminosa, page 11, add
^schynomene hispida, Willd.
NOTES.
.
(1.) Ranunculus parviflorus, Linn. = R. trachyspermus, Ell. sk. lot. S. Car. <$• Geo.
(2.) Magnolia Umbrella, Lamarck.— M. tripetala, Linn. A species common to the hilly and the low country of Carolina.
The younger Michaux, in his Sylva, (I. p. 269,) says, that the neighbourhood of Neuse river, latitude 35° 39' N., is the northern limit of Magnolia grandiflora. I have not seen it, nor heard of it, in this region.
(3.) Brasenia purpurea.=Hydropeltis purpurea, Michx.fl.= Brasenia peltata, Pursh,fl.— Brasenia, Schreb.
(4.) Cabomba Caroliniana, Gray in Ann. Lye. N. Y. IV. p. 47; C. Aubleti, Michz. fl. I. p. 206; Nectris peltata, Pursh, (cxcl. syn.) ; N. aquatiea, Nutt. gen. ; Ell. sk. ; non Willd.
(5.) Ceratophyllacete. See the excellent paper, by Dr. Asa Gray, in the fourth volume of the Annals of the Lyceum of Na- tural History, New- York, where the true affinities of this order, and its proper place in the natural system are pointed out.
(6.) Sanguinaria Canadensis, Linn. Commonly called " Puccoon;" but Lawson, in his account of Carolina, (London, 1709,) says, that this plant is only a substitute for the true puc- COOH, which, as he says, does not grow in the low country, and which is supposed to be Batschia canescens. See Punk's Flora.
(7.) Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench, Meth. ; DC Cand. prod. — Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris, Linn.
(8.) Senebiei-a pinnatifida, var. incisa, De Cand.=Coronopus didymus, Smith.
(9.) Sisymbrium thalianum, Hook.= Arabia thaliana, Linn.
(10.) Dionsea Muscipula, Ellis in nov. act. Upsal. I. p. 98, I. 8 ; Linn. Mant. 238.
" Miraculum naturae ! — folia biloba, radicalia, ciliata, sensi- bilia, conduplicanda, insecta incarcerantia." Ellis Epis. ad Linnesum.
6
42 Catalogue of Plants
It appears that a knowledge of this wonderful plant was first communicated to Linnaeus by John Ellis of London, in the year 1768. The original letter, from which the above is an extract, I have not been able to consult. But the following passage of a letter from Linnaeus to Ellis, dated, Upsal, Oct. 16, 1768, ex- plains the whole matter: " I yesterday received your welcome letter, accompanying the description, character, and figure of that most rare and singular plant, the Dionaea, than which, cer- tainly, nothing more interesting was ever seen. I laid this com- munication before our Royal Academy of Sciences to-day, nor was it received without high admiration and astonishment. . . . " For my own part, though T have doubtless seen and ex- amined no small number of plants, I must confess I never met with so wonderful a phaenomenon. Your history of the plant, and its botanical characters, are so complete, that nothing can be added to either." Ellis also published his description at London in 1770, in 4to. In a subsequent letter to Dr. Garden, of South Carolina, he says that the plant was brought from North Carolina by Mr. Young, the Queen's botanist.
I have ascertained that this plant, which, for a long time, was supposed to be confined to the neighbourhood of Wilmington, N. C., occurs in the counties of Bladen, Duplin, Jones, Lenoir, Onslow, and Craven. Bartram observed it south of the Cape Fear, in the county of Brunswick ? It has also been found in more than one locality in South Carolina.
(11.) Gordonia Lasianthus, £ZKs,=Hypericum Lasianthus, Linn. — ti Loblolly tree," Calesb. Car. I. 44, This elegant tree, in its lofty and symmetrical stature, its elegant, perennial foliage, and beautiful flowers, almost rivals the glories of Mag- nolia grandiflora- It is nowhere more abundant than in the swamps near New Bern.
(12.) Acer saccharinum. Linn. Sugar Maple. " Sugar tree," Lawson's Carolina, p. 105. Rare in the low country pf the southern states.
(13.) B«rchemia volubilis, De Cand. prod. = Zizyiphus volu- bilis, Willd. sp.^Oenoplia volubilis, Schult.; Humb. Sf Kunth. Called " rattan" in Carolina.
(14.) Amorpha Caroliniana, Croom in Sill. Journ., Oct. 1833, Perhaps only a variety of A. fruticosa.
around New Bern, N. C. 43
The length and aggregation of the spikes do not seem to form a constant character in this genus. Mr. Curtis (in lit.) has pro- posed a new species, (found by him at Wilmington,) under the name of A. cyanostachya, in which he has detected a character in the calycine teeth. It is not improbable that our plants are the same.
(15.) Gelsemium nitidum, Michx.fl. ; " Yellow Jessamine," Lawson's Carolina.', " Yellow Jessamy," Catesb. Car. I. 53, cum icone. The flowers have a delicious fragrance, but the whole plant is highly narcotic. Abundant on the borders of streams, from North Carolina to Florida.
(16.) DesmodiUm Boottii, Torrey, .MS.=Desmodmm Mary- landicum, De Cand. not Hedysarum Marylandicum, Linn.
Desmodium. bracteosum, De Cand.= Hedysarum bracteosurn, Michx. fl.
Desmodium rotundifolium, De Can6?.=Hfedysarumrotundifo- lium, Pursh,fl.
Desmodium viridiflorum, De Cand.— Hedysarum viridiflo- rum, Z,wra.=H, seaberrimum, Ell. sic. 1
(17.) Indigofera Caroliniana, Walter, fl. Car. " IndigOj" Lawson's Carolina, p. 95. Frequently cultivated as a substitute for the foreign species, to which it is said to be, in all respects equal, and has the advantage of being perennial in the climate of Carolina.
(18.) Rhynchosia diftbrmis, De Cand. = G\y cine tomentosa, Nutt.
(19.) Strophostyles peduncularis, Ell.=Phaseolus peduncu- laris, De Cand.
(20.) Amelanchier Botryapium, De Canek=Aronia Botry- apium, Persoon, syn.
(21.) Decumaria barbara, Linn. = D. sarmentosa, Bosc. " Evergreen vine," Lawson's Carolina, p. 95 ?
(22.) Isnardia alternifolia, De C'awc?.=Ludwigia alternifol. auct.
Isnardia alata, De Canrf.^Ludwigia alata, Ell.
(23.) Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. in De Cand. prod. ? Cucur- bita Lagenaria, Linn. The common gourd is partially na- turalized in the low country of Carolina. " Water melons and gourds the Indians have always had." Lawson's Carolina, p.
44 Catalogue of Plants
176. In another passage the author expresses the same opinion 89 to their peaches.
(24.) Opuntia vulgaris, Haw.Synop.; Mill. Diet. ed. 8; DC Cand. prod. = Cactus Opuntia, Linn.
(25.) Leptocaulis divaricatus, De Cand.—Daucus divaricatus, IFa^.=Sison pusillum, Michx. fl.
(26.) Peucedanum ternatum, Nutt. From North Carolina to Florida! Petals stramineous within, reddish brown without; roots tuberous — whole plant aromatic.
(27.) Lonicera sempervirens, iinn.=Caprifolium semper- virens.
(28.) Valerianella radiata, De Cand.=Fedia radiata, Vdhl.
(29.) Ccelestina ccsrulea, Cas»ini.=Ji:upatorium coelestinum, Linn.
(30.) Helenium quadridentatum, Ldbill. in Act. Soc. hist, nat. Par. t. 4; Michx. ^or.=K,udbeckia alata, Jacq. On the banks of the Neuse, 30 miles above New Bern. Also in Georgia ! Abundant on the Mississippi below New Orleans !
(31.) Liatris odoratissima, Walt. " Vanilla plant." Not in* the immediate vicinity of New Bern, but plentiful near the sea- coast, in the counties of Cartent, Onslow, &c. Used in Florida for scenting cigars.
(32.) Pluchea camphorata, Cass.; De Cand. prod. = Conyza. cam ph. auct.
(330 Sclerolepis verticillata, Cass. = Sparganophorus verticil- latus, Michx. fl.
(34.) Sericocarpus conyzoides, and solidagineus, Nees von Esenbeck.— Aster conyzoides, W^ZJ.&; A. solidagineus, Michx.fl.
Sericocarpus tortifoliusr Nees von Esenbeck. — Aster tortifoliusr Michx. ft.
(35.) Silphium pinnatifidum, Ell. ? Silphium nudicaule, Curtis in Boston Journ. Nat. Hist, part I. p. 127. Mr. Curtis, since the publication of his paper here referred to, has expressed to me the opinion that this plant is a variety of Silphium t«re- binthaceum, Linn. (Silphium lerebinthinaceurn, var. sinuatum, Curtis in Bost. Journ. 2nd ed. p. 127.
(36.) Andromeda arborea, Linn. " Sorrel or Sower-wood tree," Lawson's Carolina, p. 98; Catesb. Car. I. 71. It is com- monly known with us under the title of " Sour- wood."
(37.) Andromeda rhomboidalis Du Hamd ? An obscure but
around New Bern, N. C. 45
interesting species, and seemingly rare ; apex of the leaf glan- dular. It has been recently found in Middle Florida, by Dr. A. W. Chapman !
(38.) Kalmia cuneata, Michx.fi. Bor. Am. Flowers white. On the border of a sphagnous morass on the north side of the Neuse. This seems to be a rare species.
(39.) Ilex vomitoria, Ait.=l\vt. Cassena, Walt. ; MX. ; Ell. non Linn. The specific name which Aiton first applied to this plant is not, perhaps, the most appropriate ; for although a strong decoction of the fresh plant acts as a mild emetic, yet, in a pre- pared state, it is, even at the present day, extensively used as a tea, on the coast of North Carolina, under the name of Yaupon ; a custom, which, together with the name, was borrowed by the whites from the aboriginal inhabitants. Lawson, in his account of Carolina, (pp. 90 — 91, London, 1709,) celebrates the virtues of this tea, and gives a particular account of the mode of pre- paring it. " This plant, (the Yaupon, called by the South Carolina Indians Cassena} is the Indian tea, used and approved by all the savages on the coast of Carolina, and from them sent to the Westward Indians, and sold at a considerable price."1 " The savages of Carolina have this tea in veneration above all the plants they are acquainted withal." p. 221. " As for purg- ings and emetics they never apply themselves to, unless in drinking vast quantities of their Yaupon, or tea, and vomiting it up again, as clear as they drink it." In North Carolina it is still esteemed a useful diaphoretic. A species of this genus, Ilex Paraguensis, affords the famous mate, or tea of Paraguay.
(40.) Mitreola ophiorhizoides, Richard— OphiorhJza Mitreola, Michx, ; Pursh ; Ell. ; not of Swartz, whose plant belongs to Rubiacetz, while ours belongs to Gentianaceee. Torrey in lit.
(41.) Mitreola lanceolata, Torr. M<S.=Ophiorhizalanceolata, Ell.
(42.) Catalpa cordifolia, Du Hamcl.=EignoDia Catalpa, Linn. Indigenous on Little River, a tributary of the Oclockony, in Middle Florida ! and on the Appalachicola river ! On the Chattohochie river. Nuttall, flor. Arkan. Also on the Chocta- whatchee and Conechu rivers. Ellicotfs Journal. See Cates- by's Carolina, I. 49.
(43.) Convolvulus coccineus, Spreng.=Ipom<Ea coccinea,
46 Catalogue of Plants
Walt. With Sprengel I unite Ipomcea with Convolvulus, noi perceiving in them sufficient characters for generic distinction.
(44.) Convolvulus tenellus, Lamarck, Ency. 3,p. 535; Willdi Sp. pi. p. 861 ; non Desrouss. ; Convolvulus trichosanthes, Michx.flor. bor. Am. I. p. 137; C. humislratus, Walt. p. 94.
(45.) Physostegia variegata, -Bew£/j.=Dracocephalum varie- gatum, Vent.
(46.) Lisymachia Loomisii, Torr. : " raceme terminal, elon- gated, loose ; sepals linear-lanceolate, half as long as the corolla ; leaves opposite, linear, and lanceolate-linear, crowded, with fas- ciculate smaller ones in their axils.
" Whole plant smooth. Stern erect, l£ — 2 feet high. Leaves very numerous, 1 — 3 lines broad, tapering at the base, obtuse, punctate : the principal ones about an inch and a half long, bear- ing in their axils 4 — 6 fasciculate leaflets, or rather short leafy branches. Raceme many-flowered ; pedicels 5 — 8 lines long spreading. Calyx deeply parted; the segments acute. Corolla yellow ; segments somewhat rhombic-ovate, marked with dark linear spots.
" HAB. New Bern, H. B. Croom, Esq. Sf Dr. Loomis ! ; Robeson county, North Carolina, Rev. Mr. Curtis !\ Macon, Georgia, Dr. Loomis!
" OBS. Nearly allied toL.stricta, Ail., but differs in its much narrower, smaller, and more crowded leaves, as well as in the form and relative length of the sepals and petals." Torrey, MS.
(47.) Achyranthes polygonoides, Nutt. = A. repens, Ell. In the streets of New Bern.
(48.) Laurus Benzoin, Linn. " Piemento," Lawson's Caro- lina, p. 104* It is still known there under the name of Spice- bush.
(49.) Quercus laurifolia, Michx. fl. 2, p. 197 ; Q. hemisphse- rica, Bartram. Nuttall (Gen. 2, p. 107) thinks this a doubtful species, while Elliott agrees with Michaux in considering it dis- tinct. I suspect that Nuttall has, by some means, confounded this species with Q. maritima, Willd. to which he (Nuttall) has assigned the character of having its leaves " often sinuately tooth- ed," a character not attributed to this species by any other bo- tanical writer, but which does belong frequently to the leaves of
around New Bern, N. C. 4?
young branches of Q. laurifolia. See Ell. sk. This species appears most nearly related to Q.phellos. It extends from North Carolina to Florida, where it is abundant, on light upland soils, of moderate fertility ; retaining its leaves until spring. Icon. Michx. Querc. t. 17 &f IS.
(50.) Quercus virens, Alton, " Live oak." Two large aod fine specimens of this noble tree exist within the town of New Bern, near the junction of the rivers. They are much older than the town itself, and under them, not improbably, the Pala- tine colony may have pitched their tents on their arrival at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent, in December 1709 ; and, long ere this, the native caciques may have held beneath them their councils and their war-dance. Long may they be spared !
(51.) Pinus australis, Michx. arb. forest. = P. palustris, Ait. Alton's name for this species is not only inappropriate, but de- ceptive, and therefore may with propriety be discarded. As Elliott has remarked, the swamp-pine of the southern states is P. Teeda. This species, while it occupies a considerable va- riety of soils and situations, from the level plains of the sea coast, to the arid sand-hills of the middle country, is never, or very rarely, found in swampy grounds.
This is the " pitch pine" of the southern states, so important, in its uses and products, to the inhabitants of those regions, and indeed of the whole country ; for besides furnishing the large quantities of turpentine and tar annually exported from North Carolina, its timber, plank, &c. are of the greatest importance throughout the whole south in the construction of houses, fences, ships, &c. Insomuch that it may be doubted if there is another tree in America, or perhaps in the world, of greater utility and importance. " Pitch-pine," Lawson's Carolina, p. 98. Mi- chaux the younger, in his elegant work on the Forest Trees of North America, has given a just and accurate account of this species, of the various uses to which its timber is applied, and of the processes by which the turpentine and tar (which it yields more abundantly than any other tree in the world) are extracted. He has also corrected the errors into which Lambert, in his mo- nograph of the genus, had fallen with respect, to this species. In the year 1804, says Michaux, the exports of turpentine
48 Catalogue of Plants
from North Carolina amounted to 77,827 barrels. In the last year, (1836) the amount exported from the state was not less than 350,000 barrels of turpentine, besides 50,000 barrels of tar, 50,000 barrels of pitch and rosin, and 20,000 barrels of spirits of turpentine. Of the pitch-pine lumber and plank large quan- tities are exported to the West Indies and other parts. The port of Wilmington alone has, for some years, exported, annu- ally, not less than 60 millions of feet. This species extends from the south-eastern part of Virginia into the peninsula of Florida, occupying a large portion of the tertiary regions of the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, in such abundance that the world, perhaps, might be supplied from its forests for several ages.
(52.) Pinus variabilis, Lambert, mon, Pin.=P. mitis, Michx. Arb. forest.
(53.) Taxodium distichum, Richard. =Cupressus disticha, Linn. " Bald Cypress," Lawsoris Carolina, p. 96. Elliott expresses the opinion that the variety imbricarium of Nuttall, is only this species, in a starved condition, as it is commonly found in pine-barren ponds. But in some instances (20 miles above New Bern) I have seen large trees of this variety, and, in one instance, I observed it growing by the side of the common variety, and in the same soil.
(54.) Smilax Pseudo-China, Linn. "Bamboo. The root is a round ball, which the Indians boil and eat." Lawson's Ca- rolina, p. 101. This is the earliest mention, which I have seen, of the Indian custom of using the roots of Smilax as an article of food. Catesby also mentions it, and his figure (I. 52) seems to represent Smilax tamnoides, Linn. It is now well known that these roots become, in lime of scarcity, an important article ef food to the Southern Indians, and it is probable that more than one species may be used in this way. The Seminoles of Flo- rida obtain from thein, by maceration in water, t eir Coontie chatta, or red meal, and from the roots of Zamia inlegrifoiia, they make their Coontie adka, or white meal, which have sub- sisted them, in part, during their late campaigns. They eat also the roots of Apios tuberosa.
It is both interesting and curious to observe, that the last con- test between the white men and the red, on this side the Missis-
around New Bern, N. C. 49
sippi, must be decided on the same ground where the first con- flicts ensued, more than three centuries ago, when Ponce de Leon, Narvaez, and De Soto successively attempted the con- quest of Florida, long before British colonists had touched the rock of Plymouth, or entered the capes of the Chesapeake.
(55.) Palmatae. P almas, Jussieu. Lindley, in the second edition of his Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, writes Palmacece ; but the rule of terminating the names of orders in acece should be confined to those derived from the names of genera. While, therefore, we write Cruciferse, Coniferse, Stel- late, Labiatse, &c., we should prefer the regular Latin adjective, Palmatce, to Palmacese.
(56.) Sabal Adansonia, Guersent, in bull. soc. philom.; Rcem. 8f Schult. ; Pursh, fl. ; Nutt. gen. ; Sabal minor, Pers. synop. ; Corypha minor, Lamarck, ency. ; Jacq. hort. Find. ; Corypha pumila, Walt. fl. Car. ; Chamserops acaulis, Michx. fl.; flaphis acaulis, Willd. sp.
(57.) Amianthium muscsetoxicum, Gray in Ann.Lyc. N. Y. vol. IV.=Melanthium muscsetoxicum, Walt.fl. Car. =Helonias erythrosperma, Michx. fl. Bor. Am.
Amianthium augustifolium, Gray, ibid.—Helomas angusti- folia, Michx. fl.
(58.) Leimanthium Virginicum, Willd. mag. natur. 1808.— Melanthium Virginicum, Linn.
(59.) Carcx alata, Torr. fy Gray, in Ann. Lye. iV. Y. Ill, p. 390 : Not rare in the neighbourhood of New Bern.
(60.) Carex Elliotti, Schw. Sf Torr. ; Torrey, mm. N. A. Cyper. in Ann Lye. N. Y. vol. 3, (an excellent and elaborate paper); C. castanea, Ell.Bot. S. Car.&fGeorg. ; C.Baldwinii, Dewey.
(61.) Ceratoschoenus corniculatus, Nees db Esenbeck ? ; Torrey, Mon. Cyp. p. 443, note; Ceratoschrenus longirostris, Gray in Torrey' s man. Cyp. p. 369; Rhynchospora corniculata, Gray, mon. Khynchosp. in Ann. Lye. vol. Ill ; Rhynchosp. longirostris, Ell. sk. ; Schcenus corniculatus, Lamarck, ill. gen. I. p. 137; Schcenus longirostris, Michx. fl. I. p. 87; Muhl Gram. p. 7.
(62.) Ceratoschoenus macrostaehys, Gray in Torr. mon. Cyp. 7
50 Catalogue of Plants
p. 369 ; Rhynchospora macrostachya, Torr. in Gray's Rhynchosp. p. 206.
Habitat. Massachusetts, Torreyl-, New Bern, North Caro- lina!; Middle Florida, Dr. A. W. Chapman!; Kentucky, Dr. Short!
(63.) Cladium effusum Torr. monog. Cyp. p. 374 ; Schoenus effusus, Swartz, prodr 1 ; Muhl. gram. p. 13 ; Nutt. Gen. ; Ell. sk.
(64.) Cyperus Baldwinii, Torr. monog. Cyper. p. 270 ; Ma- riscus echinatus, Ell. sk. (excl syn.)
(65.) Cyperus ovularis, var. cylindricus, Torr. monog. Cyper. P. 279 ; Mariscus cylindricus, Ell. sk. p. 74.
(66.) Eleocharis acicularis, R. Brown, prodr. ; Scirpus ca- pillaceus, Michx. ; S. trichodes, Ell.
(67.) Eleocharis quadrangulata, JR. Brown, prodr. I. p. 224 ; Scirpus quadrangulatus, Michx. ; Pursh ; Ell.
(6S.) Licocarpha maculata, Torr. monog. Cyper. p. 288 ; Kyllingia maculata, Michx, ; Pursh ; Ell. ; Mariscus macu- latus, Ram. Sf Schult. syst. 2, p. 243.
(69.) Scirpus (Trichophorum) Eriophorum, Michx. ; Torr. monog. Cyp. p. 330 ; Trichophorum cyperinum, Pers. synop. ; Pursh, fl. ; Ell. sk. ; Beck, lot.; Eriophorum cyperinum, Linn.; Wild.
(70. ) Trichelostylis mucronulala, Torr. monog. Cyp. p. 355 ; Fimbristylis autumnalis, Rcem. Sf Schult. ; Scirpus autumnalis, Pursh ; Ell. ; Gray, Gram. Sf Cyp. part I. no. 85.
(71.) Agrostis Michauxii, Trin. ; Trichodium laxiflorum, Michx., and var. perennans, Walt.
(72.) Amphicarpum Purshii, Kunth, enum. ; Mflium amphi- ca*imm,Pursh, fl. p. 62. A rare plant, until lately only known in New Jersey, where it was first found by Pursh. It has re- cently been sent to Dr. Torrey by Dr. Loomis, from Macon, Geo.
(73.) Ctenium Americanum, .P#ra2.=Monocera aromatica, Ell. sfc.=Chloris monostachya, Michx. jl.
(74.) Leptochloa virgata, P.de Beauv.=Oxydema attenuata, Nutt.
(75.) Miegia gigantea, Nutt. gen. ; Arundinaria macrosper^
arounH New Bern, N. C. 51
ma, var. Michx.fl. " Cane or Reed," Lawson's Carolina, p. 101. " None to the northward of James River,'1 Lawson, ibid., an observation confirmed by Nuttall. It is with pleasure I bear witness to the general accuracy of Lawson in his account of the natural productions of Carolina.
(76.) Panicum ignoratum, Kunth, enwm.=Aulaxanthus cili- atus, Ell. sk.
(77.) Poa viridis, Ell. sk., probably not different from Poa pratensis, Linn.
(78.) Rottbccllia rugosa, Nutt. g-en.=Rottbo3llia corrugata, Baldwin in Lill. Journ. vol. l.=Hemarthria? rugosa, Kunth, ,enwm.=Tripsacum cylindricum, Michx. fl.
Having found this species plentiful in Middle Florida, I no longer doubt that it is Michaux's plant. Dr. Baldwin found it near the St. Mary's, and it is somewhat singular that it has not, as yet, been detected in any of the country intermediate between his locality, and the neighbourhood of New Bern, where its dis- covery is due to my friend George Wilson, Esq. It is also plen- tiful in wet pine woods, along the Flint River road, in Georgia.
(79.) Trisetum palustre, Ti9rr. = A.ira pallens, Ell.
(80.) Equisetaceae. Lindley, in the second edition of his va- luable Introduction to the Nat. Syst. of Bot., places this order at the end of Exogens, and next to Conifers, to which order, and to Cycadeee, he supposes it to be related.
(81,) Xanthium echinatum, Murray. " Sheep-burr." There has been much confusion concerning this plant. I am indebted to my distinguished friend Dr. Torrey for the following note, which clears up the difficulty :
" Xanthium echinatum, Murray (J. A.) Comm. Gott. VI. (1783—1784) p. 32, t. 4, (opt.); Pers. Syn. 2, p. 558; X. Cana- dense, Mill. diet. ? Hook. & Am. in hot. Beechey's Voy. 1, p. 148; Spreng. Syst. 3, p. 852 ; X. strumarium, Big. fl. Bost. ed. 2, fl. 342; Ell. sk. 2, p. 479? not of Linn. X. maculatum, Raf. in Sill. jour. 1, p. 151 ; X. orientale, Linu. fil. dec. 33, t. 17.— Gaert. de fruct. et sem. 2, p. 418, t. 164, f. 9 ; Nutt. gen. 2, p. 186; Torn cat. fl. New- York, (1819) p. 73; Muhl. cat. ed. 2, p. 89 ; X. Americanum Walt. fl. Car. p. 231 ; X. macro- carpon, Beck, bot. N. & M. States, p. 210, not of D. C. ; A'. Carolincnse medium, frc. Dill. hort. Elth. t. 321.
52 Catalogue of Plants, fyc.
Murray (1. c.) states that the plant described by him was raised from seeds sent from New-York by Wangenheim. His figure is excellent. The younger Linnaeus, (whom I quote from Gaertner) was mistaken in supposing his X. orientale to be a native of India ; that species, as Sir I. E . Smith informed me many years ago, being of American origin, and without doubt identical with the X. echinatum. The older name cannot, how- ever, be employed, as it is altogether inappropriate." Torr.MS.
(83.) Andromeda paniculata, Pursh.—A.. ligustrina, Ell.= Vaccinium ligustrinum, Linn. 1
(84.) Cranichis multiflora, Etl.—-Ophrys pubera, Michx., fid* Torrey.
A 000905066 7
THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Santa Barbara
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW.
Series 9482