cUJU,a-»wy> <^f^ V Z. ,X> CATALOGUE SNAKES BHITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). VOLUME II., CONTAINING THE CONCLUSION OP THE COLUBRIDiE AGLYPH^. GEORGE ALBERT.^ULENGER, F.R.S. PHINTED BY OIIDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW : B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W.; KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD: AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S. W. 1894. FEINTED EY TAXLOR AND FBANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. The present volume concludes the account of the Aglyphodont Colubrine Snakes. The collection in the British Museum has received by gifts several important additions since the publication of the first volume. Messrs. Godmau and Salvin have deposited a complete series of the species obtained by their collectors and described in their great work on the Fauna of Central America. The contributions to the African Fauna have been scarcely less numerous, the Trustees being indebted to Professor Barboza du Bocage for many specimens of East- African species described by him ; to H. H. Johnston, Esq., C.B., F. J. Jackson, Esq., and others for species collected in various parts of British Central Africa ; and to Dr. J. Anderson, F.E..S., for a remarkably interesting collection of Egyptian Snakes. The collections made by E. W. Gates, Esq., in Upper Burmah contained also a fair proportion of Snakes which were of value as illustrating the Fauna of this previously little explored region. ALBERT GtJNTHER, Keeper of the Department of Zoology. British Museum (N. H.), September 23, 1894. INTRODUCTION. In dealing with the multitude of forms of Aglyphodont Colubroids, ail of comparatively simple structure, the lack of prominent cha- racters on which to establish genera is seriously felt, and, but for the study of the dentition, satisfactory definitions could not be drawn up. I have therefore, as in the previous volume, supplied numerous outline-figures of jaws to facilitate the understanding of the diagnoses. I have endeavoured to avoid both extremes of excessive fusion or separation in my attempt to render genera approximately equivalent to those of other groups of Reptiles. Descriptions of 427 species are given. Of these, 347 arc repre- sented in the Collection of the Museum, the number of specimens amounting to 2528. G. A. BOULENGER. Zoological Department, July 28th, 1894. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. OPHIDIA. Fam. 7. Colubkid^. Subfam. 2. Colubrin^ {continued). Page 56. Xenelaphis, Gthr 7 1. liexagonotus, Cant. . . 8 57. Drj-mobius, Cope 8 1. biibssatus, Raddi .... 10 2. boddaertii, Sentz. . . 11, .3.57 3. affinis, Stdr 14 4. i-homhifer, Gthr. ..14,357 5. bivittatus, D.^B. .. 15 6. deudrophis, Schkff. 15, 357 7. cbloroticus, Cope .... 16 8. margaritiferus, Schleg. 17 58. Phrynonax, Cope 18 1. sulpbiireus, Wagl.. ... 19 2. poecilonotus, Gthr. . . 20 3. guentheri, Blgr 20 4. lunulatus, Cope 21 5. fasciatus, I'trs 21 6. eutropis, Blgr 22 7. cbrysobronchus. Cope . 22 59. Spilotes, Wagl 23 1. pullatus, L 23 2. megalolepis, Gthr 24 60. Coluber, L 24 1. dichrous, Ptrs 30 2. corais, Boie 31 3. novffi-bispaniaa, Got. . . 33 4. ? melanotropis, Cope . . 33 6. porpbyraceus, Ca7it. . . 34 6. cantoris, B/gr 35 7. bodgsonii, Gthr 35 8. beleoa, Daud. ... .36, 357 9. triaspis, Cope 37 10. cblorosoma, Gthr 38 11. flavirufus, Cope 39 12. guttatus, L 39 13. leopardinus, Bp 41 14. bolienackeri, Strauch . . 42 15. niandarinus, Cant 42 16. rutodorsatus, Cant. . . 43 17. dione, Pall 44 18. quatuorlineatus, i«c^/>. 45 19. ta;niurus, Co2)e 47 20. schrenckii, Strauch . . 48 21. vulpinus, B.:4 10. viridis, Gthr 135 ll.typblus.i 136 12. epinepbelus. Cope .... 137 13. reginfe, L 137 14. Julias, Co/;e 139 15. cursor, Lacep. 139 16. andreaj, R.8,- L 140 17. parvifrous, Cope 141 18. me]auostigraa, Wagl. . 142 19. callilsemus, Gosse .... 142 20. temporalis, Cope 143 21. flavilatus, Cojie 143 76. Cyclagras, Cope 144 l.gigas,Z). i^^ 144 77. Xenodon, Boie 144 1. colubrinus, Gthr. 146, 359 2. suspectus, c 171 14. serperastra, Cope .... 172 16. aifinis, Gthr 172 16. poecilopogon, Cope . . 173 17. laclirymans, Cope .... 174 18. undulata, Wied 174 19. melaiiaiichen, Ja?i .... 175 20. occipitalis, Jan 175 21. decorata,*rr7/ir. . . 176, 359 22. Teriniculaticeps, Cope . 177 23. clavata, Ptrs 177 2-i. xitiata, Jan 178 2o.laureata, Gfhr 179 26. godmani, Gtkr 179 82. Urotheca, Bibr 180 1. dumerilii, Bibr 181 2. lateristriga, Berth 181 3. euiyzona, Cope 182 4. elapoides, Cope . . 182, 359 5. bicincta, Herm 184 83. Trimetopon, C'r^je 184 1. gracile, Gthr 184 84. Hydromorphus, Ptrs 185 1. concolor, Ptrs 185 85. Dimades, Gray 185 1. plicatilis,i 186 86. Hydrops, Warjl 186 1. triangularis, Wagl. 187,359 2. martii, Waql 187 87. Syinpholis, Cope 188 1. lippiens, Cope 188 88. Coronella, Laur 188 1. austriaca, Laur 191 2. amalic-e, ij7^/r. .. 193,359 3.'girondica, Daud 194 VOL. IT. 4. semiornata, Ptrs. 195, 359 5. coronata, Schleg 196 6. regulaiis, Fisch 196 7. getula, L 197 8. calligaster, Harl 198 9. leonis, Gtkr 199 10. triaugulum, Daud 200 11. geutilis, B.^G 201 12. zonata, Blainv 202 13. niicropholis. Cope .... 203 14. doliata, L 205 15. brachvura, Gthr 206 16. punctata, L 206 17. amabilis, B. 8^- G 207 18. regalis, B. ^- G 208 89. Hj-psiglena, Cope 208 1. ocbrorhyncbus, Cape. . 209 2. torquata, Gthr. . . 210, 359 3. affinis, Blgr 210 4. discolor, Gthr 211 5. latifasciata, Gthr 211 6. ornata, Bocourt 211 90. Ehinocliilus, B. S,- G 212 1. lecontii, B.^G 212 2. thominoti, Bocourt. . . . 213 3. antonii, Dugcs 213 91. Cemophora, Cope 213 1. coccinea, Blumenh. . . 214 92. Simotes, B.S) B 214 1. spleudidus, Gthr 217 2. pui-purascens, Schleg.. . 218 3. cyclurus. Cant 219 4. albocinctus. Cant 220 5. formosanus, Gthr. 222, 359 6. violaceus, Cant 222 7. woodmasoni, W. Scl. . . 223 8. octolineatus, Schn 224 9. phffiuocbalinus, Cope. . 225 10. forbesii, /%>• 225 11. signatus, Gthr 226 12. subcarinatus, Gthr. . . 226 13. annuliter, Blgr 226 14. tffimatus. Gthr 227 15. chinensis, Gthr 228 16. vaillanti, Sativ 228 17. beddomii, Blgr 229 18. arnensis, Shaiv . . 229, 359 19. theobaldi, Gthr 230 20. cruentatus, Gthr 231 21. torquatus, Blgr 232 22. planiceps, Blgr 232 93. Oligodon, Boie 233 1. venustus, Jerd 235 2. travancoricus, Bedd. . . 236 3. affinis, Gthr 237 h SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 4. bitorquatus, Boie . . . 237 5. trilineatus, D. Sf B. . . 238 6. modestus, Gthr 238 7. notospilus, Gtkr 239 8. everetti, Bh/r 239 9. propinqims, Jan 240 10. brevicauda, Gthr 240 11. dorsalis, Grai/ 241 12. templetonii, Gf^r. 241,359 13. sublineatus, D. Sf B. . . 242 14. ellioti, Gthr 242 15. subgriseiis, D. 8,- B. .. 243 16. vertebralis, Gthr 245 1()«. tffiniurus, F. Miill. . . 360 17. waandersii, Blkr 245 18. melanocepbalus, Jan . . 246 dorsalis, Berth 234 94. Prosymna, Grai/ 246 J. simdevallii, Smith 247 2. froBtalis, Btis 248 3. ambigua, Bocage .... 248 4. meleagris, Rhdt 249 5. jani, Bianc 249 95. Leptocalamus, Gthr 249 1. torquatus, Gthr 250 2. suruiehrasti, Bocourt . . 250 3. sclateri, Blgr 251 96. Arrbytou, Gthr 251 1. tseniatum, Gthr 252 2. Viii&ivim, Giindl.^-Ptrs. 252 3. redimitum, Cope .... 252 97. Simopbis, Ptrs 253 1. rbinostoma, Schleg. . . 253 2. robdii, Bffgr 254 98. Scapbiopbis, Ptrs 254 1. albopunclatus, Ptrs. . . 254 99. CoDtia, B.^-G 255 1. ffistiva, L 258 2. vemalis, Harl 258 3. agassizii, Jan 259 4. decemlineata, D. ^' B. 260 5. coUaris, Men 260 6. fasciata, Jan 262 7. angusticeps, Blgr 262 8. rotbi, Jan 262 9. persica, And 263 10. walteri, Bttgr 263 11. coronella, Schleg 264 12. taylori, Blgr 265 13. episcopa, JS^enn 265 14. torquata, Cope 266 15. isozona. Cope 266 16. occipitalis, Hallow. . . 266 17. pacbyura, Cope 267 18. mitis, B.&rG 267 Page 19. semiannulata, B. S,- G. 268 20. imsus, Gthr 268 lineata, Kenn 269 21. frontalis. Cope 270 100. Ficimia, Gru7j 270 1. olivacea, Gray 271 2. cana, Cope 272 3. quadrangularis, Gthr. 272 101. Cbilomeniscus, Cope. . . . 272 1. stramineus, Cope . . 273 2. epbippicus. Cope .... 273 102. Homalosoma, TFagl. . . 273 1. lutrix, L 274 2. sbiranum, Blgr 276 3. abyssinicum, Blgr. . . 276 4. variegatum, Ptrs. . . 276 103. Ablabes, D.^B 277 1. semicarinatus,i/«/fo?a 278 2. maior, Gthr 279 3. doriffi, Blgr 279 4. frenatus, Gthr 280 5. stoliczkaj, W. Scl. . . 281 6. tricolor, Schleg 281 7. calaraaria, Gthr 282 8. rappii, Gthr 282 9. baliodirus, Boie 283 10. scriptus, Theob 284 11. longicauda, Ptrs. . . 284 bipunctatus, Jeude . . 285 12. nicobariensis, Stol. . . 285 104. Grayia, Gthr 286 1. smytbii, Leach 286 2. furcata, Mocq 287 3. giardi, Dollo 288 105. Xenuropbis, Gthr 288 1. cajsar, Gthr 288 106. Virginia, B. ^ G 288 1. valeriffi, 5. ^- G 289 2. elegans, Kenn 289 107. Abastor, Gray 289 1. erytbrogrammus, ' Daud 290 108. Farancia, Gray 290 1. abacura, Holbr 291 109. Petalognatbus, D. £r B. . 292 1. nebulatus, L 293 110. Troj.idodipsas, Gthr. . . 294 1. fasciata, Crfhr 295 2. pbilippii, Jan 295 3. fiscberi, Blgr 296 4. sartorii, Cope 296 5. anniilifera, Blgr 297 6. antbracops, Cojje .... 297 111. Dirosema, Blgr 298 1. bicolor, Gthr 298 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. XI 2. omiltemanum, Gt/ir. 1^)9 3. psepliotum, Cope .... 299 4. brachyceplialum, Cope 209 112. Atractiis, Jl'affl 800 1. elaps, Gi/ir 302 2. latifrous, Gthr 303 3. modestus, B/yr 304 4. vittatu.<<, Bl(/r 304 5. latifroutalis, Gar7n. . . 304 C. longiceps, .Cope 305 7. Peruvian us, Jan .... 305 8. guentheri, TJ^uc/i. . . 305 9. bocourti, Blt/r 306 10. niaculatus, GM>- 306 11. major, B/(/r 307 12. isthmicus, Bl(/r 307 13. badius, Bote 308 14. torquatus, B. S,- B. . . 309 15. crassicaudatiis,Z).i^-i?. 310 16. duboisi, Blyr 310 17. occipitoalbus, Jan . . 310 18. reticulatus, ^A//-. ..311 19. emmeli, Bftf/r 311 20. trilineatus, Woffl. . . 312 21. quadrivirgatus, Jan 312 22. favc-p, Filippi 313 113. Geophis, Wayl. 314 1. poeppigii, Jan 316 2. semidoliatus, D. ^- B. 316 3. rhodogaster, Cope . . 317 4. dugesii, Bocourt 317 5. sallasi, Blgr 318 6. chalybseus, WagL . . 318 7. hoflmanui, Ptrs 319 8. dolichocephaJus, Cope 320 9. petersii, Blgr 321 10. championi, Blgr .321 11. godmani, Blgr 322 12. dubius, Ptrs 322 13. rostrali.s, Jan 323 113«. AgropLis, F. Mull. . . 360 1. sarasinorum, F. Milll. 360 114. Carphophis, Gerv 324 1. amcenus, Say 324 115. Stilosoma, A. E. Broicn 325 1. extenuatum,j5rozcM. . 325 116. Geagras, Cope 326 1. redimitus, Cope 326 117. Macrocalamus, Gthr. . . 327 j 1. lateralis, Gthr 327 118. Idiopholis, Mocq 327 1. colJaris, Mocq 327 ' 119. Rhabdophidium, .S/yr.. . 328 1. forsteni, I). ^- B. . . 328 120. Pseudorhabdium, Jan . . 328 1. longiceps, Cant 329 2. oxycephalum, Gthr. 329 121. Calauiaria, Boie 330 1. lumbiicoidea, Boie . . 333 2. vermifoniiis, I). ^ B. 333 3. stablknecbtii, Stol. . . 335 4. baluensis, Blgr 335 5. grabowskii, Fisch. . . 336 6. albiventer, Gratj 336 7. niargaritifera,i)7/tr.. . 336 boevenii, Fdel. .... 337 8. prakkii, Jeude 337 9. gravi, Gthr 338 10. bitorques, Ptrs 338 11. gervaisii, D. Sf B. .. 338 12. sumatrana, Fdel 339 13. ereretti, Blgr 340 14. Tirgulata, Boie 340 15. leucogaster, Blkr. . . 341 16. occipitalis, Jan 342 17. bicolor, D. ^- B 342 18. lateralis, Mocq 342 19. beccarii, Ptrs 343 20. rebentiscbii, Blkr. . . 343 21. agameusis, Blkr 343 22. leucocepbala, Z>. c^;- B. 344 23. schlegelii, Z>. ^- B. . . 345 24. linnosi, Boie 345 25. boriieensis,^//tr 347 26. benjaminsii, Fdel. . . 347 27. javanica, Blgr 347 28. brevis, Blgr 348 29. pavimentata, JD. ^ B. 348 30. septentrionalis, Blgr. 349 31. melanota, Jan 349 32. lovii, Blgr 350 33. gTacillima, Gthr 350 catenata, Blgt.h 351 122. Typblogeophi.-., Gthr. . . 351 1. brevis, Gthr 351 Amastridium, Cope. . . . 352 veliferum, Cojie 352 Anoplo])ballus, Cope . . 353 macMhitus, Hatlotc. . . 353 Subfam. 3. RHACHioDONTrN.a:. 123. Dasypeltis, TVogl. 353 1. scabra, Z 354 CATALOGUE SNAKES. Fam. 7. COLUBRIDiE. Subfam. 2. COLUBBINM (Continued.) Synopsis of the Genera. (Continued from Vol. I. p. 180.) II. Hypapophyses absent in the posterior dorsal vertebrae, the lower surface of which is smooth or with a low keel. A. Posterior maxillary teeth increasing in size ; anterior maxil- lary and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged ; pupil vertically elliptic. Anterior maxillary teeth separated from the rest by an interspace. 48. Lycodon, I. p. 348. Two or three middle maxillary teeth small, separated from the anterior and posterior by distinct interspaces. 49. Dinodon, I. p. 360. B. Anterior maxillary teeth not enlarged, middle and posterior longest ; pupil vertically elliptic. 50. Stegonotus, I. p. 364. C. Anterior and middle maxillary teeth not enlarged, posterior increasing in size or the last strongly enlarged. 1. Palatine and pterygoid bones toothed ; pupil vertically elliptic. Maxillary teeth 8 to 10 ; scales with apical pits. 51. Dryocalamus, I. p. 369. 2 COLUBRID^. Maxillary teeth 6 to 9 ; scales without pits ; snout cuneiform, pro- jecting. , 55. Lytorhynchus, 1. p. 414. Maxillary teeth 12 to 16 ; scales with apical pits. 89. Hypsiglena, II. p. 208. 2. Palatine and pterygoid bones toothed; pupil round ; an- terior mandibular teeth much larger than the posterior ; scales with apical pits. a. Internasal shield entering the nostril; maxillary teeth 12 to 14 52. Pseudaspis, I. p. 373. h. Internasal not entering the nostril. a. Lateral scales disposed obliquely, at least on the anterior part of the body ; eyes large. Maxillary teeth 15 to 20, the posterior slightly enlarged ; scales in 21 to 25 rows 58. Phrynonax, II. p. 18. Maxillary teeth 20 to 32, the posterior strongly enlarged ; scales in 13 or 15 rows 71. Leptophis, II. p. 105. /3. Scales forming longitudinal series ; maxiUary teeth 11 to 20. Posterior maxillary teeth strongly enlarged and separated from the rest by an interspace ; scales narrow, lanceolate. 72. Uromacer, II. p. 115. Posterior maxillary teeth slightly enlarged. 73. Hypsirhynchus, II. p. 117. Posterior maxillary teeth strongly enlarged and separated from the rest by an interspace ; scales moderately elongate. 74. Dromicus, II. p. 118. 3. Palatine and pterygoid bones toothed ; pupil round ; man- dibular teeth subequal, or anterior a little enlarged. a. Longitudinal series of scales in even numbers ; maxillary teeth 20 to 33. Scales forming longitudinal series. 53. Zaocys, I. p. 374. Lateral scales obhque 63. Herpetodryas, II. p. 71. h. Longitudinal series of scales in odd numbers; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally ; subcaudals not angulate laterally. a. Maxillary teeth forming a continuous series, or the last two or three separated from the rest by a very short interspace. COLtTBRIN^. * Head distinct from neck ; eye large or rather large ; body much elongate ; scales with apical pits, t Scales forming longitudinal series. Maxillary teeth 12 to 20 .... 54. Zamenis, I. p. 379. Maxillary teeth 25 to 30 ; scales of vertebral row enlarged. 56. Xenelaphis, II. p. 7. Maxillary teeth 22 to 32 ; do suboculars. 57. Drymobius, II. p. 8. ft Scales disposed obHquely, at least on the anterior part of the body ; maxillary teeth 20 to 25. Lateral scales as long as dorsals. 66. Chlorophis, II. p. 91. Lateral scales much shorter than dorsals. 70. Thrasops, II. p. 104. ** Head not or but slightly distinct from neck: eye moderate or small. t Internasals, nasals, and praefrontals distinct. + Subcaudals in two rows. Maxillary teeth 14 to 24 ; scales without pits : tail conical. 81. EhadinaBa, II. p. 160. Maxillary teeth 13 to 16 ; scales without pits ; usually one or more suboculars; tail long, thick throughout, ending obtusely. 82. Urotheca, II. p. 180. Maxillary teeth 12 to 20, posterior not compressed; scales with apical pits ; no suboculars . . 88. Coronella, II. p. 188. Maxillary teeth 8 to 11, posterior not compressed; snout strongly P^°J«^t^"g 91. Cemophora, II. p. 213. MaxUlary teeth 8 to 12, posterior compressed .- snout more or less P^^J^'^tmg 92. Simotes, II. p. 214. tt Subcaudals single ; snout strongly proiecting • maxillary teeth 16 to 19. 90. Rhinochilus, IL p. 212. tf A single praefrontal ; two internasals. Eye small ; nostril between two nasals. 83. Trimetopon, II. p. 184. Eye very small ; nasal single. . 84. Hydromorphus, II. p. 185. ttt A single internasal; two prasfrontals ; nasal semidivided, in contact with the prseocular. Eye rather small ; scales as broad as long. 85. Dimades, II. p. 185. Eye very small gg. Hydrops, II. p. 186. b2 4 COLUBRID^. tttt luternasals fused with the praefrontals, nasa^ fused with the first labial. 87. Sympholis, II. p. 188. /3. Posterior maxillary teeth strongly enlarged and sepa- rated from the rest by a very distinct interspace. * Scales with apical pits ; snout rounded or obtusely conical. Scales forming longitudinal series ; no suboculars. 75. LiopMs, II. p. 126. Scales forming longitudinal series ; a series of suboculars. 76. Cyclagras, II. p. 144. Scales disposed obliquely ; no suboculars. 77. Xenodon, II. p. 144. ** Scales with apical pits; snout projecting, cunei- form. Scales smooth, in 19 or 21 rows. 78. Lystrophis, II. p. 151. Scales keeled, in 23 to 27 rows. 79. Heterodon, II. p. 153. *** Scales without pits ; snout obtuse ; head narrow. 80. Aporophis, II. p. 157. c. Longitudinal series of scales in odd numbers ; ventrals with a suture-like lateral keel, and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. a. Scales of vertebral row not enlarged. Scales smooth ; subcaudals keeled and notched like the ventrals. 67. Philothamnus, II. p. 98. Scales keeled ; subcaudals keeled and notched like the ventrals. 68. Gastropyxis, II. p. 102. Scales keeled ; subcaudals without keel or notch. 69. Hapsidophrys, II. p. 103. 13. Scales of vertebral row enlarged. 64. DendropMs, II. p. 77. 4. Palatine and pterygoid teeth absent or few ; maxillary bone short, with 5 to 8 teeth. a. Maxillary teeth forming an uninterrupted series. Pupil round; snout projecting, obtuse. 93. Oligodon, II. p. 233. Pupil vertically subelliptic ; snout with angular horizontal edge. 94. Prosymna, II. p. 246. COLTTBRINiE. g h. Posterior maxiUary teeth separated from the rest bv an interspace. Scales with apical pits 95. Leptocalamus, II. p. 249. Scales without pits 96. Arrhyton, II. p. 251. D. Maxillary teeth equal or nearly so, or posterior decreasing in 1. Scales with apical pits. a. Longitudinal series of scales in even numbers ; eye large • no suboculars 59. Spilotes, II. p. 23. h. Longitudinal series of scales in odd numbers. a. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate or large; body usually much elongate. * Maxillary teeth nearly equal ; scales forming straight longitudinal series. Nasals distinct, not fused with the loreal ; ventrals rounded or more or less distinctly angnlate laterally. 60. Coluber, II. p. 24. Nasal single, fused with the loreal, in contact with the pr^ocular • ventrals sharply angulate laterally. ' 61. Synchalinus, II. p. 70. Nasals distinct ; ventrals and subcaudals with a suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. 62. Gonyophis, II. p. 70. ** Posterior maxillary teeth decreasing in size ; scales narrow and oblique; ventrals and subcaudals with a suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. 65. DendrelapMs, II. p. 87. /3. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck. * MaxiUary teeth equal or subequal. Snout cuneiform ; rostral shield with obtuse horizontal keel. 97. Simophis, II. p. 253. Snout beak-shaped, hooked; rostral shield with sharp horizontal keel 98. Scaphiophis, II. p. 254. Snout obtuse or pointed ; nasal distinct from the labials. 99. Contia, II. p. 255! Snout pointed ; rostral in contact with or approaching the frontal ; nasal fused with the first labial. 100. ?'icimia, II. p. 270, 6 COLUBEID^. Snout much depressed, strongly projecting ; nasal fused with the internasal 101. Chilomeniscus, II. p. 272. ** Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest. 102. Homalosoma, II. p. 273. 2. Scales without pits. a. Maxillary and mandibular teeth subequal, 15 to 35; pupil round ; anterior temporal present. a. Loreal and prsefrontal not entering the eye. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate or rather small ; maxillary teeth 15 to 30. 103. Ablahes, II. p. 277. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate ; body stout ; maxillary teeth 22 to 25 104. Grayia, II. p. 286. Head distinct from neck ; eye large ; maxillary teeth 35. 105. XenuropMs, II. p. 288. /3. Loreal and prsefrontal entering the eye, which is small. Nostril lateral, between two nasals. 106. Virginia, II. p. 288. Nostrils directed upwards, in a semidivided nasal ; two internasals. 107. Abastor, II. p. 289. Nostril directed upwards, in a semidivided nasal ; a single inter- nasal 108. Farancia, II. p. 290. b. Posterior maxillary and mandibular teeth shortest ; anterior temporal usually present. a. Head distinct from neck ; pupil vertically elliptic. Vertebral row of scales enlarged ; eye large. 109. Petalognathus, II. p. 292. Dorsal scales equal ; eye moderate or large. 110. Tropidodipsas, II. p. 294. Dorsal scales equal; eye small. 111. Dirosema, II. p. 298. /3. Head not distinct from neck ; pupil round or vertically subelliptic .... 112. Atractus, II. p. 299. c. Maxillary teeth small, subequal, 8 to 12 ; anterior temporal present ; eye very small. Nostril in a single nasal ; loreal and prsefrontal entering the eye. 114. Carphophis, II. p. 324. Nostril between two nasals and the internasal ; snout with angular horizontal edge 116. Geagras, II. p. 326. 56. XENELAPHIS. 7 Nostril between a nasal and the first labial. 117. Macrocalamus, II. p. 327. d. Maxillary teeth small, subequal ; parietal in contact with labials ; eye small or very small. a. Nostril between two nasals. Loreal present, entering the eye. 113. Geophis, II. p. 314. No loreal ; an azygous shield between the internasals. 118. Idiopholis, II. p. 327. fi. Nostril in a single nasal ; no loreal. * Nasal smaU. Eye moderately small ; body extremely slender. 115. Stilosoma, TI. p. 325. Eye very small 119. RhabdopMdium, II. p. 328. ** Nasal minute. Internasals present 120. Pseudorhabdium, II. p. 328. No internasals ; eye free .... 121. Calamaria, II. p. 330. Eye concealed under the ocular shield. 122. Typhlogeophis, II. p. 351. 56. XENELAPHIS. Coryphodon {non Owen), part., Dimi. i^- Bibi: Ei-p. Gen. vii. p. 180 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 107 (1858) ; Jan,Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 63 (1863). Xenelapiiis, Giinth. JRept. Brit. Ind. p. 250 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 336 (1890). Maxillary teeth 25 to 30, gradually increasing in size ; anterior mandibular teeth a little enlarged. Head moderately elongate, dis- tinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil ; a subocular Fig. 1. Maxillary and mandible of Xenelapkis hexagoiiotus. below the prseocular. Body elongate, cylindrical ; scales smooth, with feebly marked apical pits, in 17 rows, the vertebral ro^^■ 8 COLtTBBIDiE. slightly enlarged and six-sided ; ventrals rounded. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 1. Xenelaphis hexagonotus. Coluher hexahonotus, Cantor, Cat. Mai. Rept. p. 74 (1847). Coryphodon sublutescens, Bum. 8f Bihr. vii. p. 187 (1854). hexanotus, Giinth. Cat. p. 110 (1858). Xenelaphis hexahonotus, Giinth. Bejit. Brit. Ind. p. 261, pi. xxi. fig. C (1864). Ptyas hexagonotus, Theoh. Cat. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 168 (1876). Xenelaphis hexagonotus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Bept. p. 336 (1890), Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little longer than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as long as deep ; one prseocular, with a rather large sub- ocular below it, wedged in between the third and fourth upper labials ; two postoculars, with a large subocular below, separating the eye from the fifth and sixth labials ; a third subocular occa- sionally present, separating the eye altogether from the labials; temporals 2-J-2 ; normally eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 18.5-198; anal divided; subcaudals 140-179. Brown above, with black cross bands, which become indistinct with age, on the anterior half of the body ; old specimens showing mere traces of the outer ends of these bands ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 1650 miUim. ; tail 600. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Java. «. Yg. (V. 188; C. 148). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) h, c. c? (V. 187 ; C. 140) Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [C.]. & 2 (V.198;C. 140). d. S (V. 191 ; C. 149). Singapore. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. e. 5 (V. 190 ; C. 144). Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. /. c? (V. 185 ; C. 179). Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. ff. (S (V. 190; C. ?). Rejang R., Sara- Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]. wak. h. cJ (V. 187 ; C. 173). ? Dr. Bleeker. (Dendrophis diimerilii, Blkr.) i. Yg. (V. 192 ; C. 175). ? Dr. Bleeker. (Ablahes k. Skull. Sarawak. polyhemizona, Blkr.) 57. DRYMOBIUS. Coluber, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1837) ; Bum. ^ Bihr. Mim. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 455. Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. I. c. p. 173 ; Dum, & Bibr. Erp. Gin. vi i 57. DRYMOBItJS. 9 p. 203 (1854) ; Gtintli. Cat. Col. &». p. 113 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco S7st. Ofd. p. 80 (1863). v ^ ' ^ Coiyphodon {non Owen), part., Bum. 8j- Bib: t. c. p. 180 • Gilntk I. c. p. 107 ; Jan, I. c. p. 63. Leptophis, part., Bum. ^ Bihr. t. c. p. 528. Dromicus, part.. Bum. 8f Bibr. t. c. p. 646 ; Giinth. I. c. p. 126. Drymobius, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 560; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.r.,Bept.^.7\5(\8Q0). Dendrophidium, Cojoe, I. c. p. 561 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 730. Ablabes, part., Jati, I. c. p. 51. Thamnosophis, part., Jan, I. c. p. 82. Tropidonotus, part., Jan, I. c. p. 68. Eudryas, Bocourt, I. c. p. 716. Crossanthera, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 481. Maxillary teeth 22 to 38, increasing in size posteriorly, the two or three last stouter if not longer than those preceding them ; mandibular teeth subequal or anterior somewhat enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil ; ' no sub- oculars._ Body elongate, cylindrical ; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows ; vcntrals rounded or with an obtuse lateral keel. Tail long ; suhcaudals in two rows. America, from Texas to Peru and Southern Brazil. This genus is very closely allied to, and intermediate between, both Zamems and Coluher. It is just separable from the former by the greater number of teeth ; and it is connected with the latter by D. hifossatus and D. boddaerfii, the dentition of some specimens of which approaches the isodont type. The subocular shield below the prseocular, present in most of the species referred to Zamenis, is constantly absent in Drymohhis. Fig. 2. Maxillary and mandible of Brymohius hijossatus. Synopsis of the Sjiecies. I. Scales smooth. Scales in 15 rows; two labials entering „ *^^ ^7%- • 1. lifossatus, p. 10. fecales m 17 rows; usually three labials entering the eye 2. hoddaertii, p. 11. II. Scales keeled. A. Scales in 15 rows 3. affinis, p. 14. 10 COLTTBEID^. B. Scales in 17 rows. 1. Maxillary teeth 30 to 38. Subcaudals 8-1^96 4. rJiombifer, p. 14. Subeaudals 109-128 ; loreal as deep as long. 5. hivittatus, p. 15. Subcaudals 113-155 ; loreal usually longer than deep 6. dendropMs, p. 15. 2. Maxillary teeth not more than 25. Frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad ; loreal not or but slightly longer than deep ; ventrals 158-169 7. chloroticus, p. 16. Frontal at least once and a half as long as broad ; loreal longer than deep ; ventrals [p. 17. 144-159 8. margaritiferus, 1. Drymobius bifossatus. Cokiber bifossatus, Raddi, Mem. Soc. Ital. Modena, xviii. (Fis.), 1820, p. 333. capistratus, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 104 (1823). lichtensteinii, Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol. xii. ii. 1825, p. 493, pi. xlvi., and Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 30.5 (1825) ; Wagl. Icon. Amph. pi. iv. (1828) ; Wied, Ahhild. (1831). pantherinus (7ion Daiid.), Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 143, pi. v. figs. 13 & 14 (1837). Coryphodon pantherinus, Dum. ^ Bihr. vii. p. 181 (18.54) ; Gilnth. Cat. p. 107 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gen. 24, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1867). Drymobius pantherinus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 192. Ptyas pantherinus, Boettg. Zeitsckr.f.ges. Naturw. Iviii. 1885, p. 233. Drymobius bifossatus, Boideng. Ann. 8^ Mag. N. H. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 346. Maxillary teeth 27 to 30, posterior feebly enlarged. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prasfrontals ; frontal once and two thirds or once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one prseocular, usually not touching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; eight upper labials, foiirth and iifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 160-183 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 85-102. Above with three parallel series of large, roundish or subquadrate, blackish or dark brown black- edged spots, separated by narrow yellowish or yellowish-brown interspaces ; the spots of the lateral series extending to the sides of the belly ; a pair of longitudinal dark bands or a U-shaped band on the back of the head and nape, and a dark cross-band between the eyes ; labials yellowish, black-edged ; lower parts yellowish, with brown or black spots. Total length 1750 millim. ; tail 450. Brazil, Paraguay. 57. DRTM0BITT8. 11 a, h. 5 (V. 180 ; C. 100) Pernambiico. J. P. G. Smitt, Esq. &ypr. (V. 176; C.92). [P.]. c. S (V. 166; C. 102). Pernambuco. d. 5 (V. 177; C.?). Bahia. Dr.O.Wueherer[C.]. e. ? (V. 179 ; C. ?). Eio Janeiro. Haslar Collection. /-A. $ (V. 174; C. 95) Porto Eeal, Prov. Rio M. Hardy duDr(5neuf & y^. (V. 167, 160; Janeiro. rc.l. C. 98, ?). i. Yg. (V. 176 ; C. 90). Corumba, Prov. Matto S. Moore, Esq. [P.]. Grosso. h. S (V. 171 ; C. 92). Porto Alegre. Dr.H.v.Ihering[C.l. I. $ (V. 183 ; C. 93). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 2. Drymobius boddaertii. Coluber boddaertii, Sentzen^ Meyer's Zool. Arch. ii. 1796, p. 59 ; Merr. Tent. p. 110 (1820). Herpetodryas boddaertii, SMeg. Phys. Serj}. ii. p. 185 (1837) ; Diim. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 210 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 115 (1858) ; Ja7i, Icon. Gen. 49, pi. i. fig. 1 (1879). Coluber fuscus, Halloiv. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1845, p. 241. Dromicus pleii, Dum. S; Bibr. t. c. p. 661 ; Jan, op. cit. 24, pi. v. fig. 1 (1807). Herpetodryas rappii, Giinth. I. c. p. 116, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 412. Ablabes tessellatus, Bertkold, Getting. Anz. iii. 1869, p. 180; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 281. Drymobius boddaertii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 561 ; Giinth Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 125 (1894). rappii. Cope, I. c. Herpetodryas reticulata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 285 ; Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 91. ? Herpetodryas (Drymobius) reissii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 640. ' ? Masticophis pulchriceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 105. ? Masticophis melanolomus, Coj)e, t. c. p. 134. Herpetodryas bilineatus, Jan, op. cit. p. 31, pi. iv. fig. 3 (1869). • quinquelineatus, Steind. &ifzb. Ak. Wien, Ixii. 1870, p. 346. Drymobius Leathii, Cojoe, Jonrn. Acad. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 179. Dromicus (Alsophis) maculivittis, Peters, 3Ion. Berl. Ac 1877 p. 458. Drymobius bilijieatus. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 35. Herpetodryas Isevis, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1881, p. 227, pi xi figs. 4-6. ■ > i , f ■ Corypbodon alternatus, Bocourt, Bnll. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 133, and 3Iiss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. pi. xlv. fig. 3 (1888). Dromicus caeruleus, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. ii 1885 p. 103, pi. iv. fig. 7. ■ ' Alsopbis pulcber, Garm. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 288. Drymobius alternatus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887* p. 70. ? Drymobius melanolomus, Cope, I. c. Drymobius laevi.^, Co})e, I. c. ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mez., Bept n 7«>2 pi. Ii. fig. 6 (1890). > r f , Herpetodryas (Di-vmobius) boddaerti, var. heathii, Boetta Ber Senck. Ges. 1889J p. 313. 12 COLTJBEID^. Drymobius (Eudryas) boddaertii, Bocowrt, I. c. p. 720, pi. li. figs. 1 &2. dorsalis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 722, fig. 2. Cferuleus, Bocourt, I. c. p. 727, fig. 4. pliiii) Bocourt, I. c. p. 728, fig. 3. Zamenis melanolomus, Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 122 (1894). Maxillary teeth 22 to 25, posterior moderately or feebly enlarged. Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above : internasals shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prsocular, rarely touching the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2+3 (rarely 1 + 2); nine (rarely eight) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate, 163-204 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 84-136. Coloration very variable. Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 310. Tropical America. A. Brownish, greyish, or olive above, uniform or with a pair of light streaks along part or the whole of the body ; the scales sometimes black-edged ; a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head, through the eye ; belly yellowish, uniform or dotted with oUve ; throat sometimes spotted or marbled with brown. (C. boddaertii, Sentz.) a. d (V. 170; C. 111). Mexico, M. SaU6 [C.]. b. c? (V. 186 ; C. 112). Zacuapan, Mexico. Mr. H. Fink [C.]. c-d. (5 (V. 185 ; C. 109) Tres Marias Ids. Hr. A. Forrer [CI. & 2 (V. 190; C. ?). e-f. S (V. 179 ; C. 125) Yucatan. & 2 (V. 185 : C. ?). g-h. ^ (V. 176'; C. 120) Teapa, Tabasco. F. D. Godman, Esq. &yg. (V.174; C.?). [P.]. i. Yg. (V. 172 ; C. 106). Hacienda del Hobo, P. Geddes, Esq. [P.]. S. Mexico. k-l. S (V. 176, 174 ; C. Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman & 0. Ill, 116). Salvin, Esqs. [P.]. m. S (V. 178 ; C. ?). Vera Paz, low forest. 0. Salvm, Esq. [C.T. n. Hgi-. (V. 180; C. 120). Peten, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [CJ. o. 2 (V. 184; C. 109). W. Coast of Central H.M.S. 'Beagle.' p. 2 (V. 196; C. 113). Venezuela." Mr. Dyson [C.]. q. 2 (V. 204 ; C. 117). St. Vincent, W.l. Mus. Comp. Zoology [E.]. r-s. S (V. 192 ; C. 92) & St. Vincent. Mr. H.H. Smith [CI; yg. (V. 200; C 120). F.D.Godman.Esq. [P.]. t. 6 (V. 196; C 122). Id. of Grenada, W.I. Mus. Comp. Zoologv [E.]. 57. DRTMOBIUS. 13 u. S (V. 198 ; C. 117). V. S (V.^185;:C. ?). w. S c. z-ct. & ^- ? 8. ? (V. 182; C. 101). S (V. 176, 186 ; 108, 112). S (V. 179 ; C. 107) $ (V. 186 ; C. 106). (V. 193; C. 115). (V. 190 ; C. 99). (V. 196; 0. 101). Moustiques Id., Grena- dines. Brit. Guiana. Demerara. Vryheids Lust, Deme- rara. Surinam. Maracaibo. Para. Chyavetas, N.E. Peru. Mr.H.H.Smitli[C.]; F.D.Godman, Esq. [P.]. G. A. Boulenger,Esq. [P.]. Rev. W. [C.]. T. Turner Mr. Lowe [C.]. B. Pale olive-browu above, with two whitish longitudinal lines and narrow black cross-lines between them. a. 2 (V. 176; C. 101). h. Hgr. (V. 197; C?). Pallatanga, Ecuador. Yuiimaguas, N.E. Peru. Ml-. Buckley [C.]. Pale olive-brown above, with a dorsal series of large transverse quadrangular blackish spots alternating with another series on each side ; a black streak through the ej'e ; labials black- edged ; throat and anterior ventrals spotted or marbled with black, or blackish spotted with yellowish. {U. rapjpii, Gthr, ; C. alternatus, Bocourt.) Hr. A. Forrer [CI. r.W.Urich,Esq.[P.l. Mr. Dyson [C.]. (Types of H. rappti.) G.'A. Boulenger,Esq. Lady Essex [P.]. i (Types of H. rappii.) Mr. Eraser [C.]. D. Markings as in the preceding, but restricted to the anterior part of the body ; upper lip and lower parts uniform white. a. Yg. (V. 186; C. 108). b. Yg. (V. 177 ; C. 108). c. d-e. Yg. (V. 177, 186, 183; C. 126, 120, 123). /. Yg. (V. 178; C. 96). Tres Marias Ids, Trinidad. Venezuela. British Guiana. q. Yg. (V. 187 ; 0. 101). A. Yg. (V. 178; 0.102). i. Yg. (V. 173; C. ?). Berbice, Berbice. Brazil. kj,m. $ (V. 185,176; C. 100, 93) & yg. (V. 178 ; C. 96). W. Ecuador. a-b. Yg. (V. 183, 176 ; 0. 130, 136). Duenas, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. E. Brown above, with two or four black longitudinal streaks con- nected, at least on the anterior part of the body, by black cross-lines or bars ; labials dark-edged ; throat spotted or marbled with brown, or dark, spotted with white ; belly yellowish, with a series of black spots along the outer ends of the ventrals. {D. pleii, D. & B.) a. $ (V. 196; C. 113). Venezuela. Mr. Dyson [C.]. (One of the types of H. rappii.) 14 colubridJ:. F. Pale olive-brown above, with five dark longitudinal streaks ; A dark streak through the eye ; labials black-edged ; throat dark olive, spotted with white. (iT. quinquelineatus, Steind.) a. 2 (V. 198 ; C. 96). Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [C.]. Colombia. G. Olive above, whitish or pale olive beneath ; a dark brown verte- bral stripe, and a less distinct dark stripe along each side. (D. dorsalis, Bocourt.) a b c? (V. 178 ; C. 120) Duenas, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. & ? (V. 193 ; G. 112). 3. Drymobius affinis. Herpetodryas affinis, Steindachn. Sitzh, Ak. Wien, Ixii. 1870, p. 348, pi. vii. figs. 4 & 5. Rostral just visible from above ; internasals a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal very broad anteriorly, very narrow poste- riorly, the lateral border very concave ; loreal twice as long as deep ; one praeociilar, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; tem- porals 1 -1- 2 ; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows, all except the outer row keeled. Olive above, yellowish brown below ; upper lip yellow, black-edged below ; a black stripe on each side of the head ; upper surface of head dotted with black ; anterior part of body with five narrow black stripes ; galar region blackish, spotted with yellow. Brazil. 4. Drymobius rhombifer. Coryphodon rhombifer, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 236._ Herpetodryas dendrophis, part., Jan, Icon. Gen. 31, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1869). Spilotes rhombifer, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 777. Drymobius rhombifer, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pi. xliii. fig. 1 (1888). Zamenis rhombifer, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 120, pi. xlv. (1894). Maxillary teeth 30 to 32, posterior moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one prseocular, not touching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 -|- 2 ; nine upper labials, foiirth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in con- tact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 148-163 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 84-96. Pale brown above, with a more or less distinct series of large rhomboidal dark spots edged with blackish ; lower parts yellowish, with a lateral series of black spots. Total length 950 milUm. ; tail 300. Colombia, Ecuador, Northern Peru. a. Hgr. (V. 153 ; C. 85). Chiriqui. F. D. Godmau, Esq. [P.]. 57. DRYMOBIUS. l^ b. HgT. (V. 160 ; C. 94). Colombia. c. $ (V. 163 ; C. ?). Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Mr. Eraser [C.]. ^'1% % it^' S- f) *^°y°l^amba, Peru. Mr! A.^H. Eoff [CI. &¥(»'• loo ; C. 84). ■- -^ /. Yg. (V. 150 ; C. 96). P ^. Lidth_ de Jeude Collection. 5. Drymobius bivittatus. Leptophis bivittatus, Bum. ^~ Bib,: vii. p. 540 (1854) Tliamnosophis bivittatus, Jan, Elenco, p 82 (1863) ^'"^Sz"''^"^ subradiatus^ /««, Arch. Zool. Anai Phys. iii. 1865, p. 227, and Icon. Gen. 27, pi. lii. figs. 1 & 2 (1868) Herpetodryas tetrattenia, Gimth. Ann. ^ May. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, Maxillary teeth 32, posterior very feebly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the priBfrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the panetals ; loreal as long as deep; one prteocular, not touching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2- nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 17 rows Ventrals 14/ -152; anal divided; subcaudals 109-128 Olive- grey above neck with black spots; body and tail with two broad b ack dorsal stripes separated by the width of one scale, and with a black lateral line running along the second series of scales ; a black streak on each side of the head, above the lip, which is white : lower parts white, the shields olive-grey at the outer ends and black-edged in tront. Total length 730 millim. ; tail 290. Colombia. a. 6 (V. 151 ; C. 128). Bogota. (Type of H. tetratcenia). 6. Drymobius dendrophis. Herpetodryas dendrophis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 196 (1837), and AbbM p 132, p] xhv. figs 2.5-28 (1844); Giinth.Cat. i ns (18o8), and Ann. f May. N.H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 358, pi. vi. L. B • Jan, Icon. Gen. 31, pi. iii. fig. 2 (1869). ° ' sestivus, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Gotting. iii. 1847 p H poitei. Bum. 8f Bihr. vii. p. 208 (1854). ' — f.^™'^"^^^' G^i;>^th.Cat p. 116, and Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. IS) xii. 1863, p 358, pi. VI. fig. A ; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 456 ; Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p 91 ^ Drymobius dendrophis. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 561 ; Gimth. Biol. C.-Am., Pept. p. 127 (1894). Herpetodryas nuchalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863 p ^gs Masticophis brunneus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868,' p lOo" Dendrophidium dendrophis, Cope, Proc. Am. Pkilos. Soc. xxiii 1886 p. 2/8; Bocourt, Le ]\atur. 1889, p. 46, figs., and Miss. Sc. Mex.', fsS; p^: ioo; p^l ' " ''°- ' ^''^^ ' ^"^''' ^^ muraleza, (i) u! 16 COLUBRID^. Drymobius percarinatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxxi. 1893, p. 344. Maxillary teeth 32 to 38, posterior moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout (longer in the young), as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually longer than deep ; one praeocular, nob touching the frontal ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; nine (exceptionally ten) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or fifth, sixth, and seventh) entering the eye ; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 150-167 ; anal entire or divided ; subcaudals 113-155. Olive-brown above, uniform or with blackish cross- bands enclosing round whitish spots, or with whitish black-edged cross-bands ; upper lip whitish ; ventrals and subcaudals oUve on the sides, whitish, uniform or dotted or edged with olive, in the middle. Total length 1020 millim. ; tail 420. From Mexico to Ecuador and the Guianas. a. Hgr. S (V. 160 ; 0. Mexico. M. SaU^ [C.]. 123). b-e. 2 (V. 160, 167, 160; Vera Paz, low forest. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 0. 113, 139, 110) & yg. (V. 166; 0.145). /. S (V. 152 ; C. 119). Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. ff-h.2(V.lQ0;G.128) Chiriqui. F. D. Godman, Esq. & yg. (V. 150; C. [P.]. 150). i. 5 (V. 156; C. ?). Guayaquil. (Type o{ H. brunneus.) k-m. S (V. 162, 151, W. Ecuador. Mr. Eraser [C.]. 156; C. 117, 125,?) & $ (V. 157 ; C. ?). n. Yg. (V. 159; 0. 140). Quito, o. Yg. (V. 150; C.155). Zaruma, Ecuador. J. F. Gunter, Esq. p. Yg. (V. 162 ; C. 142). Venezuela. Mr. Dyson [C.]. q. Skull. Cayenne. 7. Drymobius chloroticus. Dendrophidium chloroticum, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 278. Drymobius chloroticus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 69; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 718, pi. 1. fig. 7 (1890). brunneus (non Giintk.}, Bocourt, I. c. pi. 1. tig. 6. Maxillary teeth not more than 25, posterior rather strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; inter- nasals shorter than the priefrontals ; frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal uot or but slightly longer 57. BRYMOBIUS. 17 than deep; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, dorsals keeled. Ventrals 158-1 69 ; anal divided; subcaudals 114-117. Green above ; ven- trals yellow in the middle, green on the sides ; young sometimes with black cross bars. Total length 1280 millim. ; tail 400. Guatemala. 8. Drymobius margaritiferus. Herpetodryas margaritiferus, Schlp;/. Phijs. Serp. ii. p. 184 C1837) «Mr/.4&6/AZ. pi. xliv. ttgs. 19& :20 (1844). Leptophis maroaritiferus, Dtim. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 5.39 (1854). Zamenis tricolor, Halloio. Journ. Ac. Philad. (l>) iii. 1855, p 34 pi. iii. ' Dromiciis margaritiferus, Giinth. Cat. p. 126 (1858); SaMn Proc Zool. Soc. 18G0, i). 4m. V /' Drymobius margaritiferus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philnd. 1860, p. 561 • Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Pept p. 716, pi. xlix. fio-. 2 (1890) ' Stejneyer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 504. ° ' Thamnosophis margaritiferus, Jan, Elenco, p. 82 (1863), and Icon. 6Vw 31, pi. vi. tig. 3 (1869) ; Bmjis, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888^ p. 1.32. Drymobius margaritiferus, var. occidentalis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 718. Maxillary teeth 24 or 25, posterior strongly enlarged. Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one praeocular, not touching the frontal ; two or three postoculars; temporals 24-2; nine upper labials,' fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 17 rows. Ven- trals 144-159; anal divided; subcaudals 101-126. Black above, each scale green at the base and with a yellow elongate spot or longitudinal streak ; head pale brown or olive above, black on the temples : labials yellow, with black sutures ; ventrals and subcaudals yellow, black-edged. Total length 1260 millim. ; tail 430. From South-western Texas and Mexico to Colombia and Vene- zuela. 2'(V. 'l52,"'l54', 'l51, 151 ; C. ?, ?, 107, 120). i. ^ (\\ 148; C. 113). Mexico. M. Salld [C.l. f^? ^^Vr-^f'^' ^;J^- rresidio,nr. Mazatlan. Hr. A. Ferrer rC.l. I. Yg. (V. 151 ; C. 122). Jalapa. Hr. Hoege [C. . VOL. II. ^^ -" 18 COLtlBRTD^. m-p. S (V. 154; C. P) & 2 (V. 149, 150, 154 ; C. ?, ?, 114). q-s. d> (V. 147, 152, 151 ; C. ?, 119, 123). t. 5 (V. 152 ; C. 126). u-v. S (V. 151, 153 ; C. 101, 125). w. e {V. 156; C. 117). .r, y. 2 (V. 150, 148 ; C. ?, ?). z. 2 (V.'l54; C. ?). a. Hgr. (V. 154; C. 120). 0. Skull. Teapa, Tabasco. Atoyac, GueiTero. Omilteme, Guerrero. de Sto. Domingo Guzman. Belize. Honduras. Duefias, Guatemala. Caracas. Vera Cruz. F. D. Godmau, Esq. [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq, [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Dr. A. C. BuUer [C.]. Dr. Gunther [P.]. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 58. PHRYNONAX. Spilotes, part., Dum. 8f Bihr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 218 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 96 (1868) ; Jan, Menco sist. OJid. p. 62 (1803) ; Bocourt, Miss. So. Max., Kept. p. 685 (1888). Phrynonax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 348. Maxillary teeth 15 to 20, the posterior slightly enlarged ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil ; no suboculars. Body elongate, compressed ; scales more or less distinctly keeled, disposed obliquely on the sides, in 21 to 25 rows ; ventrals obtusely augulate laterally. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America. Fig. 3. Maxillary and mandible of Phrynonax stdphureus. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. A, Scales strongly keeled on the middle of the back. Three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1. .. . 1. sulphureus, p. 19. Two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 .... 2. poecilonotus, p. 20. B. Scales feebly keeled. Praeocular separated from the frontal ; ten upper labials 3. guentheri, p. 20. Prreocular separated from the frontal ; nine upper labials 4. lunulatus, p. 21. 58. PHRYNONAX. 19 Praeocular in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; eight or nine upper labials 5. fasciatus, p. 21. II. Scales in 25 rows. Dorsal scales very strongly keeled .... 6. eutropis, p. 22. Scales smooth, except the row next to the vertebral, which is feebly keeled . 7. clinjsohronchus, p. 22. 1. Phrynonax sulphureus. Natrix sulphurea, Warjl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 26, pi. ix. (1824). Coluber pojcilostoma, Wind, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 250 (1825), and Abbild. (1831) ; Schleg. Fhys. Serp. ii. p. 153, pi. vi. tigs. 5 & G (1837). Spilotes pcBcilostoma, Dum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 221 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 100 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 48, pi. v. tigs. 3 & 4 (1876). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one praeocular, not reaching the frontal ; three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, aU except the outer row strongly keeled. Ventrals distinctly angulate, 20S-226 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 126-144. Yellowish, olive, or brown above, with or without black spots or irregular cross bars ; the keels of the scales black ; belly yellow or olive, sometimes turning to black posteriorly. Total length 2700 millim. ; tail 720. Guianas, Brazil, North-eastern Peru, Ecuador. A. Labials without black margins ; tail olive or brown. a. cJ (Y. 214; C. 129). Cabaros, Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. b. Hgr. (V. 217 ; C. 139). Movobamba, N.E. Peru. Mr. A.H.Roff[C.]. c. 2 (V. 216 ; C. 134). Guayaquil. Mr. Eraser [C.]. d. Yg. (V. 216; C. 136). S. America. Zoological Societ}'. e. Yg. (Y. 208; C. 140). S.America. Dr. Pye-Smith [P.]. B. Sutures between some of the labials black ; tail black. /. S (V. 217 ; C. 144). Demerara Falls. ff. cJ (V. 215; 0. 139). S. America. Zoological Society. h. Skidl. Brazil. c2 20 COLUBEID^, 2. Phrynonax poecilonotus. Spilotes poecilonotus, part., Gilnth. Cat. p. 100 (1858), and Biol. C.-Am., Jiept p. 117, pi. xliii. (1894). ? Spilotes pcBcilonotiis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.r., Eept. p. 691, pi. xliii. tig. 4 (1888). Spilotes arg-us, Bocourt, I. c. p. 692, pi. xlviii. fig. 10.* Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one praeoenlar, not in contact with the frontal ; two postociilars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eve ; sis; or seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- siiieids, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, the dorsals very strongly keeled, the keels form- ing continuous raised lines in the middle of the body. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 201-208 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 126-133. Blackish brown above, with yellow spots which may form a vertebral stripe ; upper lip yellow, with black edges to the shields ; ventrals yellow with blackish edge ; posterior portion of body and tail dark brown or black above and below. Total length ISOO millim.; tail 500. Central America. a. 2 (V. 208 ; C. 133). Honduras. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 202; C. 132). Vera Paz. O.Salvin, Esq. [C.l c. 2 (V. 201; C. 126). Guatemala. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. 3. Phrynonax guentheri. Spilotes argus {non Bocourt), Gilnth. Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 118, pi. xliv. (1894). Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals a little shorter than the prjefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prfcocular, not in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 -|- 2 ; ten upper labials, sixth and seventh, or fifth, sixth, and seventh, entering the eye ; seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, median dorsals faintly keeled. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 213 ; anal entire. Black above, each scale with a yel- lowish spot ; the spots on the three vertebral series larger, forming a light stripe bordered with black ; lateral scales greyish, with black border; head black above, with small yellowish spots; tail black, with yellowish spots forming four stripes, one above, one beneath, and one on each side ; anterior ventrals yellowish, black- edged, posterior dark grey to black. * I have examined the type specimen in the Brussels Museum. 5S. PHETNONAX. 21 Total length 13G0 miJlim. Mexico. a. 2 (V. 213 ; C. ?). Atovac, Vera Cruz. Mr. H. H. Smith [C] : F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 4. Phrynonax lunulatus. Spilotes poecilonotus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 100 (1858), and Biol. a- Am., Rept. p. 117 (1894). Tropidodipsas lunulata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18G0, p. 517, and 18152, p. 348. Spilotes lunulatus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, p. 71 (1887). lunulatus, part., Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 694, pi. xlii. tig. 1 (1888). Eostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, slighth' shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep ; one pra^ocular, widely separated from the frontal ; two postocnlars ; temporals 2 + 3 ; nine ujjper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; six or seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals feebly keeled. Ventrals very obtusely angu- late, 202-204 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 1 26-136. Olive-brown above ; young with crescent-shaped brown, black-edged cross bands on the back, of which mere traces are left in the adult ; belly dotted with brown. Total length 1380 millim. ; tail 380. Central America. a. tS (V. 202 ; C. 126). Mexico. Hr. Hugo Finck [C.]. (One of the types of S. poecilunotus.) 5. Phrynonax fasciatus. Spilotes fasciatus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 18G9, p. 443. fasciatus, part., Giinth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 20. Aliffitulla polylepis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 709. Spilotes lunulatus, part., Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Repit. p. 694 (1888). Hostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one pra3ocular, in contact with or very narrowly separated from the frontal; two postocnlars; temporals 2 -(-2; eight (or nine) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or fifth, sixth, and seventh) entering the eye, last very long ; seven or eight lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, dorsals faintly keeled. Ventrals very obtusely angulate, 191-207 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 120-132. Young pale brown above, with crescentic brown, black- edged cross bands ; head pale brown, speckled with darker ; belly 22 COLUBKID.^. closely speckled or powdered with brown. Adult uniform dark olive-brown. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 400. Guianas and Amazons. a 2 (V. 201 ; C. 129). British Guiana. Demerara Museum. b. Yff. (V. 200; C. 125). Surinam. c. $ (V. 207 ; C. 120). Peruvian Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. 6. Phrynonax eutropis. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Spilotes fasciatus, part., Giintk. Ann. Sc Mng. N. S. (4) is. 1872, p. 20. Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distanie from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one praeocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye, eighth very long ; seven or eight lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 25 rows, the dorsals very strongly keeled, the keels forming continuous raised lines in the middle of the body. Yentrals very obtusely angulate, 191 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 126. Uniform brown above ; upper lip and anterior lower surfaces yellow ; beUy turning to olive-brown towards the tail. Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 430. Habitat unknown. a. <3 (V. 191 ; C. 126). ? 7. Phrynonax chrysobronchus. Spilotes chrysobronchus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 136, pi. xxviii. fig. 11 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Kept. p. 695 (1888). Eostral as deep as broad ; internasals nearly as long as the prae- frontals ; frontal about once and two fifths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prseocular, nearly touching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2-|-2; seven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, last very long ; seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 25 rows, all smooth except the row next to the vertebral, which is weakly keeled. Yentrals 220 ; anal entire; subcaudals 117. Brown, the scales dotted with lighter; head darker ; one or more borders of the scales black ; upper lip, throat, and anterior part of belly yellow ; remainder of lower sur- faces passing from brown to black below the tail. Total length 1670 millim. ; tail 422, Coast of Costa Rica. 59. spiLOTES. ' 23 59. SPILOTES. Tyria, part.. Fitzmg. N. Class, liept. p. 29 (1826). Spilotes, Waaler, '^i/sf. Amph. p. 179 (1830). Spilotes, part., Duin. c^- Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 218 (1854) ; Giinfh. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 96 (1858) ; Ja7i, Elenco sist. OJid. p. 62 (1863) • Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 685 (1888). ' Maxillary teeth equal, 19 to 22; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil ; no suboculars, loreal often absent. Body elongate, slightly compressed ; scales keeled, very strongly imbricate, acutely pointed, with apical pits, in 14 or 16 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 1. Spilotes puUatus. Coluber pullatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 35, pi. xx. %. 3 (17.54) and S. N. i. p. 388 (1766). -o v /, Cerastes coronatus, Lattr. S)/n. Rept. p. 83 (1768). Coluber coronatus, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1088 (1788). variabilis, Men: Beitr. ii. p. 40, pi. xii. (1790) ; Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 271 (1825), and Abbild. (1831): Schlea. Phus Serp. ii. p. 149, pi. vi. figs. 1 & 2 (1837). plutonius, Baud. Rept. vi. p. 324 (1803). Natrix caninana, Merr. Tent. p. 121 (1820). TjTia pullata, Fitz. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). Spilotes pullatus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 179 (1830) : Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pi. xliv. fig. 2 (1888). variabilis, IhDn. <§• Bibr. vii. p. 220 (1854) ; Wucherer Proc Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 324. variabilis, part., Gilnth. Cat. p. 99 (1858). pullatus, vai-. anomalolepis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 685, pi. xliv. fio-. 3. Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, much shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal very small or absent, the posterior nasal often in contact with the prsocular, which is single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth or sixth very large ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16 rows. Ventrals 198-232 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 90-120. Elack above, uniform or with yellow spots which may form cross bands ; snout and sides of head yellow, the sutures between the shields black ; belly yellow, with irregular black cross bands. Total length 2100 millim. ; tail 490. South America east of the Andes. A. Black and yellow. a. 2 (V. 232 ; C. 103). Berbice. b. $ (V. 217 ; C. 98). Brit. Guiana. Demerai-a Museum. "24 COLUBEID^. c, d $ (V. 222 ; G. 105) Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. &Y^. (V.218; C. 111). e Y'o-. (V. 227 ; C. 108), Moyobamba.N.E.Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. /i d'''(V. 222; 0. 117). Pernambuco. W.A.Forbes,Esq.[P.]. (J. Hgr. 5 (V. 211 ; Minas Geraes. C. 120). h. S (V. 198 ; 0. 111). Kio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. i. Skeleton. Surinam. h. Skull. Brazil. B. Nearly entirely black, only the anterior ventrals being partly yellow^. /. S (V.219; C. 111). ? 2. Spilotes megalolepis. (Plate II.) Spilotes megalolepis, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 93. Closely allied to the preceding, but internasals not broader than long ; frontal scarcely longer than broad ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; and scales much larger, the largest quite as large as the parietal shields, and in 14 rows only. Coloration as in S. pidlatus, but darker, the posterior half of the body and the tail being entirely black, above and below. Total length 2300 millim. South America (?). ff, $ (V. 220; C.?). ? (Type.) 60. COLUBER. Coluber, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 375 (1766) ; Waff/. Si/st. Amph. p. 179 (1830); Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 518; Schleff. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 87 (1858), and Sept. Brit. Ind. p. 237 (1864). Natrix, part., Laur. Syn. Bept. p. 73 (1768). Chironius, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Bept. p. 29 (1826). Tyria, part., Fitziyig. I. c. Gonyosoma, Waqler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Amph. p. 184; Dum.^ Bibr.'Erp. Gen. vii. p. 213 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 122, and Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 293. Zamenis, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 188. Ehiuechis, Michahelles, in Wagl. Icon. Amph. (1833) ; Dum.Sf Bibr. t. c. p. 225 ; Giinth. Cat. p. 85; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 637. Xeuodon, part., Schleg. I. c. p. 80. Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. I. c. p. 173. Callopeltis, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. 18.39, p. 101. Elaphis, Bonap. I. c. p. 102 ; Dnm. l^- Bibr. t. c. p. 241 ; Gimth. Cat. p. 92, and Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 240 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Max., Rept. p. 683 (1888). Pituophis, Holhr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 7 (1842) ; Bum. Sf Bibr. t. c. p. 232 ; Gimth. Cat. p. 85 ; Bocourt, I. c, p. 665 ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 638. Cynophis, Gray, Ami. ^ Mag. N. H. (2) iv. 1849, p. 246; Giinth. Cat. p. 95, and Bejjt. Brit. Ind. p. 246. 60. COLUBER. 25 Alopecophis, Gray, I. c. p. 247. Churcliillia, Baird t^ Gir. in Stansbury's Explor. Great Salt Lake, p. 350 (1852). Plagiodon, Dwn. Sf Bibr. M6m. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 447, and Erp. Gen. vii. p. 170. Compsosoma {mm Serv.), Duvi. ^- Bibr. II. cc. pp. 453, 291 ; Gi'mth. Eept. Brit. hid. p. 243. Scotuphis, Baird ^S' Gir. Cat. N. A?ner. Kept. p. 73 (1853) ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 678. Georgria, Baird ^ Gir. I. c. p. 92. Spilotes, part., Dum. ^y Bibr. Erp. Gin. rii. p. 218; GUnfh. Cat. p. 96 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 685 ; Cope, Froc. U.S. Nat. Mas. xiv. 1892, p. 636. Ablabes, part., Dum. Sj- Bibr. f. c. p. 304. Arizona, Kennicott, Hep. U.S. Max. Bound. Surv. ii. Bept. p. IS (1859) ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 676. Drymobius, part., Cope, Froc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 560; Bocourt, I. c. p. 715. Coelognathus, Cope, I. c. p. 563. Natrix, Cope, Pron. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 71. Coronella, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 236. Phyllophis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 295. Geoptyas, Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Iv. 1867, p. 269. Allophis, Peters, Man. Be)-l. Ac. 1872, p. 686. Coluber, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 389; Boulenri. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 330 (1890) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 630. Pantberophis, Garman, Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 109. FiK. 4. Skull (jl Culiihcr ongibsimns. 26 COLTJBEID^. Maxillar}- teeth 12 to 22, subeqiial in size ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck, elongate ; eye moderate or rather large, with round pupil ; loreal sometimes absent. Body elongate, cylindrical or feebly compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, ■with apical pits, in 15 to 35 rows ; ventrals rounded or angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. Europe, Asia, North and Tropical America. The species comprised under this genus form a series nearly parallel to that obtained in Zamenis, the extreme forms of both these genera showing much the same amount of differentiation. Si/no2)sis of the Species. I. Eostral shield not deeper than broad, the portion visible from above not half as long as its distance from the frontal. A. Yentrals without or with a rather indistinct lateral keel *. 1. Scales in 15 to 19 rows. a. Anal entire. Scales in 15 rows, smooth 1. dichrous, p. 30. Scales in 17 rows, smooth or feebly keeled . 2. corals, p. 31. Scales in 19 rows ; dorsals more or less dis- [p. 33. tinctly keeled 3. novce-hispunia', h. Anal divided. Scales in 17 rows, keeled 4. meJanotrojns, p. 33. Scales in 19 rows, smooth 5. porpliyraceus, p.34. 2. Scales in 21 rows or more (rarely 19 in C, cantoris), smooth or feebly keeled. a. Anal usually entire. Scales in 19 or 21 rows ; subcaudals 65-76. 6. cantoris, p. 35. Scales in 23 to 27 rows ; subcaudals 75-94. 8, Jielena, p. 36. b. Anal usually divided. a. Scales smooth or faintly keeled. * Rostral as broad as deep. Scales in 23 rows ; subcaudals 79-90 .... 7. hochjsonii, p. 35. Scales in 31 to 35 rows ; subcaudals 91-119. 9. triaspis, p. 37. * lu some doubtful cases it will be necessary to try, also, division B of this key. 60. COLUBER. 27 ** Rostral broader than deep. t No subocular below the prseocular. X Scales in 23 rows or more ; third labial not entering the eye. Scales in 33 rows, smooth or faintly keeled ; ventrals 247-200 ; subcaudals 112 .... 10. cJihrosoma, i^.38. Scales in 27 to 33 rows, faintly keeled ; ventrals 252-266; subcaudals 102-119. 11. Jlauirnfus, p. 39. Scales in 25 to 31 rows, faintly keeled on the posterior part of the body ; ventrals 200-239 ; subcaudals 60-88 12. guUatus, p. 39. Scales in 25 or 27 rows, all perfectly smooth ; ventrals 222-260 ; subcaudals 68-89 . . 13. leopardinus, p. 41. Scales in 23 or 25 rows ; ventrals 201-228 : subcaudals 60-66 14. liohenackeri, p. 42. X\ Scales in 23 rows ; third and fourth labials entering the eye ; ventrals 208-222 ; sub- caudals 62—74 15. mandarinits, p. 42. Ill Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 162-190; sub- caudals 47-68 16. rufodorsatus, p. 43. tt A subocular below the prasoeular ; scales in 23 to 27 rows ; ventrals 172-214; subcaudals 50- 80 17. dione, p. 44. /3. Scales feebly but distinctly keeled, in 23 or 25 rows. * Frontal considerably longer than broad. r„ ^5 Ventrals 195-234; subcaudals 63-90 .... 18. quatuorlineatus, Ventrals 230-284 ; subcaudals 90-107 . . 19. Ueniurus, p. 47. ** Frontal not or but slightly longer than broad. Scales in 23 rows ; ventrals 208-221 ; sub- caudals 61-76 ; loreal considerably longer than deep 20. schrenckH, p. 48. Scales in 25 rows (rarely 23 or 27) ; ventrals 200-234; subcaudals 67-85 21. vulpinus, p. 49. 3. Scales strongly keeled, in 27 rows . 40. lineaiicollis, p. 64. B. Ventrals with a distinct, though often very obtuse, lateral keel. 1. Anal usually divided ; scales in 21 rows or more. a. Subcaudals less than 125. a. No subocular below the prseocular. * Scales in 25 to 29 rows. Scales smooth or very faintly keeled 22. Jcphts, p. 49. Scales very distinctly keeled 23. obsoletus, p. 50. 28 COLUBRID^. ** Scales in 21 or 23 rows. r^ gj Third and fourth labials entering the eye . . 24. conspicillatiis, Fourth and tifth labials entering the eye . . 25. longissimus, p. 52. /3. A suhocular below the prfeocular. * Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Scales feebly keeled ; ventrals 226-244 ; [p. 54. subcaudals 97-122 26. cUmacopliorus, Scales strongly keeled ; ventrals 209-220 ; subcaudals 80-96 27. pliyllophis, p. 55. Scales strongly keeled ; ventrals 173 ; sub- caudals 70 28. clavidi, p. 56. ** Scales in 27 rows ; ventrals 268-274 ; subcaudals 97-99 29. motlhndorffii, p. 56. b. Subcaudals 122-149 ; scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 23 to 27 rows ; ventrals 236-263. Two labials entering the eye ; green above. 30. oxycephalus, p. 56 Three labials entering the eye ; tail black. . 31. janseni, p. 57. 2. Anal usually divided ; scales in 17 or 19 rows ; ventrals 193-210. a. Scales in 19 rows. a. Three labials entering the eye. No loreal ; subcaudals 120-121 32. frenatus, p. 58. A loreal; subcaudals 91-107 33. pradnus, p. 59. /3. Two labials entering the eye ; subcaudals 70-96. 3. Aual entire ; scales keeled. ^4. ipiadriviryatas,^.b'd. a. Scales in 19 rows, 21 on the neck. All caudal scales keeled 35. melamirxis, p. 60. Outer caudal scales smooth 36. radiatus, p. 61. b. Scales in 21 rows, 23 on the neck. 37. erythrurus, ]}. 62. c. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, 25 or 27 on the neck. Eostral a little broader than deep ; three labials entering the eye 38. enyanensis, p. 63. Eostral much broader than deep : two la- bials entering the eye 39. subradiaius, p. 64. II. The portion of the rostral shield visible from above measuring at least half its distance from the rostral. A. Scales smooth. Eostral deeper than broad ; anal usually divided 41. scolaris, p. 65. Ilostral as deep as broad ; anal entire .... 42. arizonce, p. 66. 60. COLUBKR. 29 B. Scales keeled ; aual entire. A pair of priefrontals ; two labials entering the eye ; rostral not or but slightly deeper than broad ; scales in 27 or 29 rows 43. deppii, p. 6G. Priefrontals usually broken up into two pairs or more ; not more than one labial entering the eye ; rostral not or but slightly deeper than broad ; scales in 29 to 35 rows 44. catenifer, p. G7. Priefrontals broken up into two pairs or more ; rostral much deeper than broad, the portion visible from above measuring more than half its distance from the frontal ; scales in 29 to 35 rows 45. melanoleuais, p. 68. Table showing Xumbers of Scales and Shields. I. Old-World species. porpki/raccn^ — cantoris hodgsonii helena leopardinus hohenackeri ■mandariims rufodorsatiis .... diune qiiadrilincatus . tanlurus schrencjcii conspkillattis . longissimus — climacophorus , pkyllophis davidi moellendorffii... oxycephalus . . . jansenii frenatus prasinus quadrivirgaius melanurus radiatus erythrurua.. enganensis . . sub radiatus scalaris Sc. 19 19-21 23 23-27 25-27 23-25 23 21 23-27 23-25 23-25 23 21 21-23 23-25 23 23 27 23-27 23-25 19 19 19 19 19 21 23 23-25 25-29 A. 190-215 213-232 233-246 220-265 222-260 201-228 208-222 162-190 172-214 195-234 230-284 208-221 200-224 212-248 226-244 209-220 173 268-274 23:i-263 247-255 203-204 198-206 19:3-210 193-234 224-242 211-233 239-243 228-242 201-220 2 1-2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1-2 2 2 2 1-2 1-2 2 2 2 2 2 1-2 1-2 1 1 1 1 1 1-2 C. Labials entering eye. 52-76 65-76 79-90 75-94 68-89 60-66 62 74 47-68 50-80 63-90 90-107 61-76 60-76 60-91 97-122 80-96 70 97-99 122-149 133-140 120-121 91-107 70-96 89-109 8.J-100 86-100 107-108 80-100 48-68 4th, 5th. 4th, 5th. 4th, 5th. 5th, 6th, or 4th, 5th, 6th. 4tb, 5th. 4th, 5th. 3rd, 4th. 3rd, 4th, or 4th, 5th. 4th, 5th, OP 5th, 6th. 4th, .5th, or 5th, 6th. 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th. 4th, 5th. 3rd, 4th. 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th. 4tb, 5th. 4th, 5th, or 5tb, 6th. 4th, 5th. 6th, 7th. 5th, 6th, or 6th, 7th. 5th, 6th, 7th. 4th, 5th, 6th. 4th, 5th, 6th. 4th, 5lh. 4th, 5th, 6th. 3rd, 4th, 5th, or 4th, 5th, or 4th. .5th, 6th. 4th, 5th. 6th. 5th, 6th. 5th, 6th. 4th or 4th, 5th. 30 COHJBRID^. II. American species. dichrotis corals nov(S-hispani melanotropis triaspis chlorosoma... flaviriifus ... guttatus vulpinus ... laf.us ohsoktus lineaticollis arizonm deppii catenifer ... melanoleucus Sc. V. A. 0. 15 161-176 1 87-101 17 184-215 1 53-83 19 204-222 1 115-138 17 1.52 2 94 31-35 243-282 2 91-119 33 247-260 2 107-112 27-33 252-266 2 102-119 25-31 200-239 2 60-88 23-27 200-234 2 07-85 25-29 220-240 2 72-81 25-29 217-245 2 72-93 27 244 69 27-31 212-227 46-59 27-29 209-233 51-67 29-35 204-245 66-72 29-35 209-239 45-65 Labials entering eje. 4th, 5th, or 3rd, 4th, 5th. 3rcl, 4th, or 4th, 5th. 4th, .5th. 4th, 6th, 6th. 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th. 4th, 5th, or 5th, (itb. 4th, 5th, or 4th, 6th, 6th. 4th. 5th. 4th, 6th. 4th, .5th. 4tb, 5th. 4th, 5th, or 4th, 5th, 6th. 4th, 5th. 3rd, 4th, or 4th, 5th. 4th or 0. 4th or 5th. 1. Coluber dichrous. Herpetodryas dichroa, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 284. occipitalis, Gi'mth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 420, and ix. 1872, p. 23. Spilotes piceus, Cb;>e, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 105, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 180. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; iuternasals broader than long, shorter than the pra^frontals ; frontal nearly once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as long as deep; one prae- and two postoculars; temporals 2 + 2, rarely 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and Hfth, and usually also the third, entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which arc much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Veutrals 161-176 ; anal entire ; sub- caudals 87-101. Adult uniform olive-brown or blackish olive above and on the sides of the ventrals, yellowish white interiorly. Young black above, with narrow yellowish cross bands ; head yellow or pale olive, the shields on the snout edged with black, with a large black patch covering the forehead, a black spot below the eye, and a blackish bar across the occipital region, or a pair of large black blotches on the parietal shields and on the occiput. Total length 1310 millim. ; tail 360. Brazil and North-eastern Peru. a,h. S (V. 166, 169; C. 98, 97). c. Yg. (V.175; C. 96). Bahia. Pebas. d-e. itk. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 116 (1894). melanurus, Du7n. ^ Bibr. t. c. p. 224 ; Cojx, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 564 ; Jan, I. c. pi. v. fig. 2. erebennus, Cope, I. c. pp. 342 & 364, and Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 167 ; Sumichrast, Arch. Sc. Phys. Nat. (2) xlvi. 1873, p. 259. couperi. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, pp. 342 & 364 ; Garm. I. c. p. 48. Geoptyas collaris, Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Iv. 1867, p. 271, pi. iii. tigs. 4-7. flaviventris, Steindachn. I. c. p. 269, pi. iv.. figs. 4-7. Spilotes corais, var. melanurus. Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 135; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 687, pi. xliv. fig. 1 (1888). , var. erebennus, Cope, I. c. Coryphodon constrictor, Jan, I. c. pi. vi. fig. 1. Spilotes obsoletus, Garm. I. c. p. 48. corais, var. obsoletus, Bocourt, I. c. p. 689. ■ xanthurus, A. E. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1893, p. 433. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, shorter than the proefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as long as deep ; one prae- or two post- oculars ; rarely a small subocular below the prffiocular ; temporals 2 + 2 ; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 or 21 on the neck), smooth, or with a short and feeble keel, disposed somewhat oblit^uely in the n. 2 (V. 215; C. 72). Trinidad. /;. 2 (V. 210; C. 71). Demerara. c. S (V. 203; C. 79). Berbice d. $ (V. 206; C. 78). Caripe, Para e. S (V. 178; C. 81). Para. f,g. 5 (V. 211; C. 77) & Pernambuco vg. (V. 202 ; C. 77). h.'s (V. 212; C.?). Pernambuco. i. 2 (V. 202 ; C. 72). Babia. k. c? (V. 203 ; C. 73). Babia. L o). Cerastes me.vicanu.s, Law. Sipi. liej)f. p. 83 (1768). Coluber novae-hispanipe, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1088 (1788). Spilotes variabilis, part., Gi'mth. Cat. p. 99 (18.58). pullatus aiiribundus, Cojye, Proe. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. .300. salvinii, Gilnth. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (.3) ix. 1862, p. 125, pi. ix. fig. 5, and Biol. C.-Am., JRept. p. 116, pi. xlii. (18114). variabilis, Sumichr. Arch. Sc. Fhys. Nat. (2) xlvi. 1873, p. 259. variabilis, var. aaribundiis, Gann. N. Am. Rept. p. .50 (1883). auribundus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 71 ; Bocuurt, Mi.is. Sc. Me.v., Eept. p. 689, pi. xliv. fig. 5 (1888). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; iuternasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, shorter than the prie- frontals ; frontal as long as or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, as long as deep or a little longer ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 or 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye, seventh and eighth very large ; three to five lower labials in contact with the antei'ior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (17 and 18 in spec, /t), dorsals more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 204-222 ; anal entire : sub- caudals 115-138. Black above, varied with yellow, the yellow forming regular cross bands on the posterior part of the body and on the tail ; belly yellow, with irregular black spots. Total length 2120 millim. ; tail 550. Mexico and Central America. a. 2 (V. 213; 0.119). b. Yg. (V. 210; C. 120). c. 2 (V. 212; C. 116). d. Yg. (V. 204; C. 127). e. f. Hgr. (V. 212; C. 132) & yg. (V. 217; C. 130. g. (S (V. 212; C. ?). Atoyac, Guerrero. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. h-i. d (V. 208 ; C. 134) Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman, Esq. &yg. (V.212; C. 123). [P.]. k. Hgr. (V. 215; C. 138). Yzabal, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Tvpe of S. salvini.) I. 2 (V. 220 ; C. 127). Ptio Motagua. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 4. Coluber ? melanotropis. Dendrophidium melanotropis, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 134, pi. XX vi. fig. 1. Elaphis melanotropis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 71. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal bell-shaped, wide in front, contracted behind, as long as the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one praeocular, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 -|-2 ; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering VOL. ir. D IMexico. Hr. Hugo Finck [C.l. Mexico. M. Salle [C.]. Mexico. Belize. StannCreek,Brit.Hon- Rev. J. Robertson dm-as. [0.]. 34 COLXTBRID^. the eye. Scales in 17 rows, all keeled except the two outer on each side ; the keels on the row on each side of the vertebral strongest. Ventrals not angulate, 152 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 94. Green above and on the outer fourth of the ventral shields, yellow beneath ; the keels of the median three dorsal rows black. Total length 124U millim. ; tail 3G5. Costa Eica. 5. Coluber porphyraceus. Coluber porph\Taceus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 51 ; Gi'mth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 239, pi. xx. tig. J (1804) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 172, atid An. Zool. Pes. Yunnan, p. 812 (1879) ; Hubrecht, in Snelleman, Nat. Hist. Midden-Sumatra, Pej)t. p. 5, pi. — . %. 1 (1887). Psaminophis nigrofasciatus. Cantor, I. c. p. 53. Coronella callicephalus, Gray, Ann. Sr Mafj. N. H. (2) xii. 1853, p. 390 ; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855, p. 289. Coluber callicephalus, Gi'mth. Cat. p. 92 (1858). Ablabes porphyraceus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 308 (1890). Eostral nearly twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; inter- nasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; froutal broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal rather small, longer than deep ; a large pra3- ocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and filth catering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals without keel, 190-215 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 52-76. Pale reddish brown above, with dark brown black-edged cross bands ; a black streak along the middle of the head, and another on each side, from the eye to the first transverse band ; the whole or posterior part of body and tail with two longitudinal black lines, in addition to the cross bands ; lower parts uniform yellow. Total length 7(i0 millim. ; tail 140. Eastern Himalayas, hills of Assam, Burma, Yunnan, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra. a. i (V. 197 ; C. 68). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Plooker [P.]. (Type of C. callicephalus.) b-c. S (V. 208 ; C. 76) & Khasi Hills ? Dr. Griffith. $ (V. 206; C. 73). I. S (V. 247 ; C. 112). Amula, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith , S [C] ; F. D. God- ^ =^ man, Esq. [P.]. c. Head and neck. S. Eamon, Jalisco, Dr. A. C. Duller 1500 ft. [C.]. ; fZ. cJ (V. 247 ; C. 107). S.Mexico. F.D.Godman,Esq.[P.]. Should perhaps rank as a variety of the following species. E- 60. COLUBER. 39 11. Coluber flavinifus. Coluber flavinifus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Pliilad. 1866, p. 319, and Proc. Am. Phi/os. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 175; GUnth. Biol. (J.-Am., Rent. p. 115 (1894). Elaphis pardalinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. G42. rodrio-uezii, Bocourt, Le Natw. 1887, p. 168, and Miss. Sc. Me.r., liept. p. 083, pi. xlvi. fig. 1 (1888). Natiix Havirufus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Aut. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 71. Rostral considerably broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than the prse- irontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one large prae- ocuJar (which may be divided into two) ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 or 3 -t- 3 or 4; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and titth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; four or hve lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 27 to 33 rows, dorsals faintly keeled. Ventrals 2.52-266 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 102- 119. Yellowish or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of reddish or chestnut-brown, black-edged, transverse spots, which may alter- nate or be confluent into a zigzag band ; a lateral series of spots, alternating with the larger dorsal ; two curved dark bands across the snout, some symmetrical markings on the crown and occiput, and two longitudinal bands on the occiput and nape, sometimes confluent in front and behind; lower parts yellowish, with or with- out small brown spots. Total length 1220 millim. ; tail 260. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras. a. 2 (Sc. 31 ; V. 252 ; Mexico. Hr. H. Fmck rC.l C. 102). ^ -' b. Yg. (Sc. 31; V. 263; Belize. C. 116). c. Yg. (Sc. 33 ; V. 262; Euatan Id. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. C. 117). 12. Coluber guttatus. Cateshj, Nat. Hid. Carol, ii. pi. Iv. (1771) ; Merretn, Beitr. ii. p. .39, pi. xi. (1790). Coluber guttatus, Lmn. S. N. i. p. .385 (1766) ; Harl. Journ. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 363, and Med. Plujs. Res. p. 126 (1835) ; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 65, pi. xLv. (1842); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 632 : Hay, Batr. ^- Rept. Indiana, p. 92 (1893) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 114 (1894). maculatus, Bonnat. Encijcl. Meth., Ophiol. p. 9 (1789) ; Hurl. U. cc. pp. 362, 125. compressus, Donnd. Zool. Beitr. p. 206 (198). caioliniaous, S/iaw, Zool. iii. p. 460, pi. cxix. (1802). molossus, iJaud. Rejjt. j.p 269 (1803); Harl. II. cc. pp. 333, 126. 40 COLTTBEIDiE. Coluber pantliprinns, Baud. I. c. p. 318. floridanus, Had. II. cc. pp. 360, 124. Scotopliis guttatus, Baird S,- Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 78 (1853) ; Bocoiirt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 078, pi. xlvi. fig-. 4 (1888). eraorvi, Baird i^- Gir. I. c. p. 157 ; Kemiicott, Rep. U.S. Me.v. Bound. Surv. ii., Rept. p. 19, ]j1. xii. (1859). Elaphis guttatus, Dinn. i.^- Bibr. vii. p. 273 (1854) ; J(m, Icon. Gen. 21, pi. \i. (18U7) ; Gurtn. N. Am. Rept. p. 55, pi. iv. tig. 1 (1883) ; M. Garm. Bidl. Illin. Lah. iii. 1892, p. 292. rubriceps, Dum. S^ Bibr. t. c. p. 270. Coluber guttatus, part., Gimth. Cat. p. 89 (1858). Scotophis calligaster, Kemiicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 08. Coluber rbinouiegas. Cope, Proc. Ac. I'hilud. 1860, p. 255. Elaphis alleglianieiisis, part., Jaji, I. c. 24, pi. ii. fig. 2. Coluber emoryi, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 39 (1875). ? Coluber bairdi, Yarrow, iri Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat.Mus. uo. 17, 1880, p. 41. Isatrix emoryi, Cope, Bidl. U.S. Nat. Mas. no. 32, 1887, p. 71. Coluber guttatus sellatus, Cojje, Proc. U.S. Nut. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 387. Pvostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a halt' to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pr*- and two or three post- oculars ; temporals 2 or 3 + 3 or 4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 to 29 (rarely 31) rows; dorsals very feebly keeled. Yentrals not or but very obtusely angulate laterally, 200-239 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 60-88. Yellowish or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of large, brown or red, black- edged spots, and an alternating lateral series of smaller spots ; a curved dark band from eye to eye across the prsefrontals, continued behind the eye to the angle of the mouth; a f\ or Q'^haped marking from the frontal shield to the nape ; labials usually with black sutures or spots ; belly yellow, with large squarish black blotches. Total length 1040 millim. ; tail 160. United States east of the Rocky Mountains ; North Mexico. A. 25 to 40 dorsal spots from the nape to the base of the tail ; labials with black sutures. (C. guttatus, L.) a. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 234; N.America, E. Doubledav, Esq. [P.]. C. 67). b. Yg. (Sc. 27 ; V. 231 ; New York. C. 67). e. J (Sc. 27 ; V. 207 ; Tennessee. Christiania Museum. C. 65). d. cJ (Sc. 27 ; V. 220 ; Marion Co., Flo- A. Erwin Brown, Esq. C. 71). rida. [P.]. e. Skull. Charleston. 60. COLUBER. 41 B. 35 to 50 dorsal spots from the nape to the hase of the tail ; labials without black sutures. (C. emori/i, E. & G.) a. Yg. (Sc. 27 ; V. 207 ; Kansas. Smithsonian Instit. rP.l. C. 67). h. 9 (Sc. 31j V. 225; Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. C. 65). 13. Coluber leopardimis. Coluber quadrilineatus (non Lacep.), Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 40 (ISII); G'unth. Cat. p. 88 (1858): Straxich, Schl. Buss. S. -p. 73 (1873) ; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Ivi. 1882, p. 298. leopardinus, Bunap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1834) ; Schleg. Pki/s, Serp. ii. p. 169 (1837). crueutatus, Steven, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. viii. 1835, p. 317. Callopellis leopardinus, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 432 ; Nordm. in Demidoff, T'og. Buss. Mer. iii. p. 348, Bept. pis. vi,, viii., ix. (1840); De Bidta, Atti 1st. Van. (3) xiii. 1868, p. 934, and Faun. Ital, Bett. Anf. p. 38 (1874) ; Tvmasuu, I'Fiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p.'618 (1894). Ablabes quadrilineatus, Dum. (^- Bibr. vii. p. 319 (1854). Katrix leopardina. Cope, Froc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338. Coronella quadrilineata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 18G3, p. 247, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. v. (1865). Callopeltis quadrilineatus, Schreib. Herp. Fur. p. 277 (1875) ; Cameruno, Mmi. Ofid. Ital., Coluhr. p. 62 (1891) ; Mind-Palumbo Nat. Sicil. xii. 1893, p. 127. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; iuternasals broader than long, shorter than the prasfrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prJE- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 2-f 2or3; eight upper labials, fourth and filth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 222-260, rounded ; anal divided; subcaudals 68-89. Greyish or pale brown above, M'ith a dorsal series of dark brown or reddish black- edged transverse spots and a lateral alternating series of smaller black spots, or with two dark brown black-edged stripes bordering a yellowish vertebral stripe ; usually a A-shaped dark marking on the occiput and nape ; a crescentic black band from eye to eye, an oblique black band frum the postoculars to the angle of the mouth, and a black spot below the eye ; lower parts white, checkered with black, or nearly entirely black. Total length 900 milHm. ; tail 160. Southern Italy, Malta, Dalmatia, Balkan Peninsula, Crimea, Asia Minor. A. Spotted form. (C. leopardinus, Bp.) a, b. S (Sc. 25 ; V. 232 ; Malta. Miss Attersoll rP.l C. 85) & vg. (Sc. 27; V. 241 ; C. 79;. 42 COLtTBBID^. c. Ilgr. (Sc. 27; V. 245; Malta. C. A. Wright, Esq. [P.]. C. 81). d. $ (Sc. 27; V. 247; Zara, Dalmatia. Count M. G. Peracca [P.]. C. 75). e-g. S (Sc. 27, 25; V. 241, Zara. Dr. F. Werner [E.l. 238; C. 84, 84) & 9 (Sc. 27 ; V. 245 ; C. ?). h-i. S (Sc. 25 ; V. 234 ; Zara. Hr. Spada-Novak [C.l. C. 83) & 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 238 ; C. 68). E. Striped form. (C. qiiadrilineatus, Pall.) a. 2 (Sc. 27 ; V. 247 ; Trieste. Dr. Rappell [P.l. C. 77). b. Yg. (Sc. 25 ; V. 226 ; Ionian Ids. Dr. Mann [P.]. C. 79). c. d (Sc. 25; V. 245; ? C. 81). 14. Coluber hohenackeri. Coluber rubriventris, Dwiffubsky, Essay Xat. Hist. Huss. Emp. p. 67 [Paissian] (1832). hohenackeri, Strauch, Schl. Ituss. R. p. 70 (1873) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1890, p. 294. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above : internasals broader than long, shorter than the procfrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals : loreal a little longer than deep ; one proe- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 3 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 201-228, rounded ; anal divided ; subcaudals 60-66. Grey above, ■with four alternating series of dark spots ; a /y -shaped black marking on the nape, a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth, and a black line below the eye ; belly yellowish or reddish, closely spotted or marbled with blackish grey. Total lengtb 650 millim. ; tail 110. Transcaucasia and Asia Minor. a-h. c? (V. 211 ; C. 63) & yg. Amasia, Asia Minor. (V. 221 ; C. 62). 15. Coluber mandarinus. Coluber mandarinus, Cantor, Zool. Chvsan, pi. xii. (1840), and Amu S,- Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p. 483 ; aimth. Cat. p. 91 (1858), and Bept. Brit. hid. p. 238, pi. xx. fig. H (1864)*. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than * Moellendorff's Coluhcr mandariims (Joum. N. China Br. As. Soc. [2] xi. 1S77, p. 104), " a black water-snake with orange-red marks," from the province of Chihli, Sortheru China, must be a diM'erent snake. 60. COLUBER. 43 broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a trifle shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, as long as deep ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1-1-2 or 3; seven iipper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the pos- terior. Scales in 23 rows. Yentrals 208-222, rounded ; anal divided; subcaudals 62-74. Scarlet above, with black spots and a dorsal series of large rhomboidal black spots with a yellow centre ; head ■with black symmetrical markings as in ISimotes, viz. a cross band on the end of the snout, a crescentic band across the forehead, passing through the eyes, and a ^-shaped one on the occiput ; lower parts yellow, with large black transverse spots or cross bands. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 12u. Chusan. a. 2 (V. 222 ; C. 62). Chiisan. Dr. Cantor. (Tvpe.) b. Hgr. (V. 208 ; C. 74). Chusan. 16. Coluber rufodorsatus. Tropidonotus rufodorsatus, Cantor, Zool. Chusan, pi. xiii. (1840), and Ann. 8{ Mag. N. H. ix. 1842. p. 483. Ablabes sexlineatus, Dum. ^- Bihr. vii. p. 324 (1854). Coluber rufodorsatus, Gilnth. Cat. p. 89 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 238, pi. XX. fig. G (18H4) ; Stravch, Schl. Buss. B. p. 79 (1873); Boettff. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nut. 1888, p. 70. Coronella sexlineata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 249, and Icon. Gen. 14, pi. vi. tigs. 2 & 3 (I860). Si motes herzi, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1886, p. 519. Ablabes rufodorsatus, Bouleng. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (6) t. 1890, p. 138. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals as broad as long or a little longer than broad, as long as or a .little shorter than the pra?frontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snont, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one (rarely two) praj- and two postoculars; temporals 2-J-3; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Yentrals 162-191.', rounded: anal divided; subcaudals 47-68. Yellowish olive above, with an orange vertebral line and four series of olive, black-edged, elongate spots, which are posteriorly, or throughout, confluent into longitudinal bands ; the two median of these bands meet on the vertex: a ^-shaped black band on the snout, extending from eye to eye, and a black band frum the eye to the angle of the mouth : belly bright yellow, checkered with black ; tail with four or five black longitudinal streaks. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 95. Eastern Siberia and China. 44 COLTJBEID^. a. 2 (V. 190 ; C. 48). l-c. S fV. 167 ; C. 57) & ? (V. 174 ; C. 50). d-e. d (V. 165; C. 58) & $ (V. 170; C. 47). /. 2 (V. 174; C. 49). (/. S (V. 172; C. 59). h. 9 (V. 177 ; C. 50). i-k. $(V.178,178;C.51, 50). /. 2 (V. 182 ; C. 50). m-7i. 2 (V. 183, 178; C. 64, 49). o-r. c5'(V. 166, 102;C.60, 53)&hKr.(V. 186,184; C. 53, 51). s. Yo-. (V. 167 ; C. 68). t-tt. 2 (V. 179; C. 51) &y-. (V. 169; C. 59). Western hills of S. W. Busliell, Esq. Pekiu. [P.]. Shaug-hai. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. Mr. Fortune [C.]. J. J. WalL-er, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Cantor. (Types.) J. J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. B,. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. Hoi-IIow, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.]. Mountains north of Kiu Kiang. Chikiang. Ilnug-Chau. Ningpo. Chusau. Chusan. Formosa. Cliina. China. E. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 17. Coluber dione. Coluber dione, Fall. Jieise, ii. p. 717 (1773), aitd Zoof/r. Hoss.-As. iii. p. 39 (1811) ; Menetr. Cat. Bais. p. 68 (1832). Chirouius dioiie, Fitzing. N. Class. Ftept. p. 60 (1826). Coluber eremita, Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 174 (1831). trabalis, Schleg. Fliys. Serp. ii. p. 167 (1837). maeoticus, Rathke, Mem. Sav. Etr. Ac. St. Fetersb. iii. 1837, p. 433, pi. i. figs. 9-12. Coelopeltis dione, EicJnv. Faun. Casp.-Caiic. p. 120, pi. xxviii. figs. 1-3 (1841). Elaphis dione. Bum. S^- Bibr. vii. p. 218 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 92 (1858), and Rept. Brit. hid. p. 240 (1864); Jan, Fcon. Gen. 21, pL iii. fig. A (1867); De Betta, Atti Bt. Ten. (3) xiii. 1868, p. 931 ; Strauch, Schl. Fuss. F. p. 83 (1873) ; Schreib. Herp. Eui , p. 246 (1875). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; intornasals broader than long, shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer ; a large prasocular, with a subocular below it ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2 + 3 or 3 + 3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 25 or 27 (rarely 23) rows, smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals not or but very obtusely angulate laterally, 172-214 ; anal divided ; sub- caudals 50-80. Pale brown or greyish olive above, with blackish cross lines or dark brown or reddish black-edged spots and usually three more or less distinct pale stripes ; two dark longitudinal bands on the nape, usually united on the head and terminating on the frontal shield ; a curved dark cross band from eye to eye, and 60. COLTIBEE. 45 continued from the ej-e to the angle of the mouth ; belly yellowish, usually dotted or spotted with blackish. Total length 900 millim. ; tail 170. Southern Russia, Transcaucasia, and Temperate Asia and Japan. a. $ (So. 25 ; V. 193 ; Caucasus. C. 50). b. Yg. (Sc. 27 ; V. 180 ; Mangvschlak. C. 06). c. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 198 ; Wernoje. C. 60). d. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 198 ; Semipolatiusk. C. 58). e. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 203 ; E. Hi. C. 61). /, <-/. c? (Sc. 27 ; V. 198 ; R. Emba. b. 75)' & $ (Sc. 25 ; V. 206 ; C. 60). k. d (Sc. 23 ; V. 179 ; Ussuri R. C. 60). i. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 200 ; Pekia. G. 64). k-l. Hs-r. (Sc. 27, 25 ; V. Western hills of 190,187; C. 59, 64). Pekm. m-n, o-p. J' (Sc. 25, 27 ; Chefoo. V. 188, 186; C. 69, 71) & yg. (Sc. 25, 25 ; V. 198, 198; C. 65, ?). q. Yg. (Sc. 25 ; V. 209 ; Clien Lang Kuan, Mr. John Brock C. 64). Gan King. [P.]. r-s. 2 (Sc. 27; V. 202; Mountains north of A. E. Pratt, Esq. C. 68) & Yg. (Sc. 23; Kiu Kiang. [G.]. V. 187 ; G". 76). t. Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 204; Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Xeumann, Esq G. 80). [P.]. u. d (Sc. 27 ; V. 200 ; China. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. C. 79). V. (5 (Sc. 25 ; V. 180 ; China. J. Brenchley, Esq C. 68). [P.]. St. Petersburg Mus. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. Rev. H. Lansdell [G.]. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. Warsaw Mus. [E.]. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. S. W. Bushel], Esq. [P.]. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 18. Coluber quatuorlineatus. Coluber quatuorlineatus, Lacep. Serp. pp. 82, 163, pi. vii. fig. 1 (1789) ; Honnat. Encycl. Meth., OjMol. p. 44, pi. xxxix. fig. 1 (1790). nauii, Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 206 (1798). quadristriatus, Donnd. 1. c. p. 207. quaterradiatus, Gmel. Der Nntiirf. xxviii. 1799, p. 158, pi. iii. fig. 1 ; Desmarest, Faime Franq., Rept. pi. xiv. (1826) ; Schlec/. Fkt/s. Serp. ii. p. 159, pi. vi. figs. 9 & 10 (1837) ; Weimer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, p. 759. elaphis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 450 (1802); Metaxa, Mon. Serp. Rom. p. 37 (1823) ; Frivaldsky, Mon. Serp. Hung. p. 44 (1823). quadrilineatus, Baud. Rept. vi. p. 266 (1803) ; Bouleng. Ann. ^ May. N. H. [Q>) vii. 1891, p. 280. saui'omates. Pall. Zooyr. Ross.-A^. iii. p. 42 (1811) ; Eichio. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 174 (1831); Nordni. in Detnidoff, Voy. Russ. Mer. iii. p. 345, Re2)t. pi. iii. (1840). 46 coLUBRin^. Coluber pictus, Pall. I. c. p. 45. santhogaster, Andrzejowsky, Nouv. Mem. Soc, Nat. Moso. ii. 1832, p. 33.J, pi. xxiii. alpestris, Menetr. Cat. Eats. p. 68 (1832). pcecilocephalus, Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iv, 1832, p. 575. Elaphe parreysii, Waffl. Icon. Amph. pi. xxvii. (1833). Natrix elaphis, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1834). Elaphis quadrilineatus, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 433 ; De Betta, Atti 1st. Ven. (3) xiii. 1868, p. 929, and Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 43 (1874). parreysii, Bonap. I. c. p. 434. Tropidouotus sauromates, Eicliw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. Ill, pi. xxy. (1841). Elaphis quaterradiatus, Dtcm. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 254 (1854) ; G'dnth. Cat. p. 93 (1858); Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Ivi. 1882, p. 302; Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Colubr. p. 37 (1891) ; Mina-Palumbo, Nat. Sicil. sii. 1892, p. 52. sauromates, Du?n. ^ Bibr. t. c. p. 288 ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 21, pi. ii. (1867) ; Strauch, Schl. Buss. B. p. 92 (1873) ; Schreib. Rerp. Fur. p. 250 (1875) ; Bedriaga, I. c. p. 306. dione, var. graeca, Jan, Elenco, p. 61 (1863), and I. c. pi. iii. fig.B. cervone, Schreib. I. c. p. 254 ; Tomasim, Wiss. Mittli. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 608 (1894). Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the pra^frontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as long as deep ; one prajocular, with a subocular below it ; two or three postoculars : temporals 2 + 3 or 3 + 4; eight (exceptionally nine) npper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-ahields, Avhich are longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 (rarely 23) rows, feebly but distinctly keeled, outer rows smooth. Ventrals 195-234, rounded ; anal divided ; subcaudals 63-90. Young with three or five alternating series of dark brown black- edged spots on a pale brown ground, the dorsal series largest, transversely oval or rhomboidal ; in the specimens from Italy and Dalmatia (C. quatuorlineatus) these spots gradually disappear with ago, and are replaced by a pair of black streaks along each side of the back ; a black oblique streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; belly yellow, closely spotted or marbled with brown, the spots usually disappearing with age. Total length 1350 millim. ; tail 240. Mediterranean coast of France (?), Italy, Dalmatia, Greece, Hungary, Southern Russia, Cis- and Trancaucasia. A. Spots disappearing in the adult, replaced by black longitudinal lines. (C qxiatuorlineatus, Lacep.) a. - [P.]. C. Pale brown above, with large dark brown spots; yellowish interiorly. (C. s^nloides, D. & B.) '-J a. c?p (So. 29 ; V. 232 ; New York. ^' a ?§.'■ ^^ ' ^' "^^ ' ^"™^ ^"■' '^'■^''- ^^'- '^'^^°'' ^^^- 1^-^- D. Spots as in C, combined with stripes as in E ; bellv with lar-e brown spots. ^ a. 2^jSc. 27 ; V. 241 ; N. America. C. 77). E. Pale brown above, with four dark brown or blackish stripes ; belly yellowish, without or with a few brown spots. (O. quadri- vittatus, Holbr.) ^ -^ a, b. c? (So. 27, 27 ; V. N. America. 237, 241 ; C. 84, 89). 24. Coluber conspicillatus. Coluber conspicillatus, 211; Schleg. Phrjs. Serp. . Elaphis conspicillatus, Bum. .$■ Bibr. vii. p. 285 (1854) ; migendorf Sitzb. (/es. Aatwf. Freunde, 1880, p. 114 ^i-ujenaoij, Coronella coiispicillata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863 n "49 and Icon. Gen. 14, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1865). ' ^' ' Callopeltis conspiciUatus, Giglioli, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 595. Eostral nearly twice as broad as deep, visible from above • inter- nasals much broader than long, shorter than the prajf^ntals • frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end ot the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pra^- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or '^^g- seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four Wer abials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, or faintlv keeled on the posterior part of the body, in 21 rows. Yentrals distinctly anlu- late laterally, 200-224; anal divided; subcaudals 60-76: Pale £2 52 COLTJBEID^. brown above, with small black spots or a dorsal series of Hack cross bars ; some adult specimens almost uuiform olive-brown above ; a black streak across the end of the snout, passing through the nostrils, a curved one from eye to eye, another from the eye to the angle of the mouth, a A-shaped one on the back of the head, with the point on the frontal, and a black spot or vertical streak below the eye ; lower parts whitish, checkered with black. Young (e) vermilion above, with small black spots edged with yellowish white. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 150. Japan; Corea. a, h. (S (V. 219 ; C. 67) Japan. Levden Museum. &yg. (V. 217;C.66). c. c? (V. 215 ; C. 67). Yokohama. H.M.S. ' Challenger.' d. Yg. (V. i'24 ; C. 63). Nikko. H.M.S. ' Challenger.' e. Yg. (v. 206 ; C. 68). Haruna Hills, Japan, Lord Dormer [P.]. 2500 ft. 25. Coluber longissimus. Natrix longissima, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 74 (1768). Coluber flavescens, GmeZ. n., Bept. p. 128 (1894). fuscus, part., Bum. ^- Bihr. t. c. p. 209 ; Giinth. I. c. p. 114. carinatus, Wucherer, Froc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 324. carinatus, vars. fiavolineata and macrophthalma, Jan, Eloico, p. 80 (1863). Dendrophis, sp., F. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 678. Herpetodryas flavolineatus, Boettg. Zeitschr. f. ges. Nuturw. Iviii. 1885, p.'234. carinatus, var. vincenti, Bouleng. Froc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 355. Eye very large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasuls as long as or slightly shorter than the proefrontals ; frontal once and one fonrth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one praj- and two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eye : five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 12 rows, all smooth, or the two middle rows faintly keeled (females), or the two middle rows more or less strongly keeled (males). Ventrals feebly angulate laterally, 145-173; anal divided (very rarely entire); subcaudals 110-171. 74 COLtJBKID^. Total length 1530 millim. ; tail 500. Central America ; South America east of the Ancles and north of the Eio de la Plata ; Lesser West Indies (Trinidad, Guadeloupe, Nt. Vincent). A. Dark brown or blackish above ; the vertebral line pale brown ; a series of large yellowish spots along each side of the body on the outer series of scales ; ventral and subcaudal shields yellow, with a fine black edge. Temporals 1+2; two labials entering the eye. (C. carinatus, L.) a. c? (V. 156 ; C. ?). Demerara. b. cJ (V. 156; C. 124). Berbice. Lady Essex [P.]. c. 5 (V. 165 ; C. 125). Trinidad. d. 2 (V. 153 ; C. 110). Guadeloupe. B. Olive above, with whitish spots, most of the scales black-edged ; belly greyish ; a black line along the middle of the lower surface of the tail. Temporals 1+2 ; two labials entering the eye. a. Hgr. (V. 154; 0.132). Berbice. Ladv Essex [P.]. b. Yg. (V. 155; C.114). Ecuador. Mr. Eraser [C.]. C. Olive or dark green above, usually with a more or less distinct pale green or yellowish black-edged vertebral stripe ; caudal scales black-edged ; lower parts pale olive or greenish yellow. Temporals usuaUy 1 + 2 ; usually three labials entering the eye. (C. bicarinatus, Wied.) a. 2 (y'- 147 ; C. ?). Ghiriqui. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. b. 2 (V. 164; C. 171). Venezuela. Mr. Dvson [C.]. e. 5 (V. 145 ; C. 134). Pampa del Sacra- Mr. W. Davis [C.] ; mento, N.E. Peru. Messrs. Veitch [P.]. d. Hgr. (V. 146 ; C. 126). CabaUo Cocha. Mr. W. Davis [C.] ; Messrs. Veitcli [P.]. e. 2 (V. 145 ; C. ?). Pebas. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.]. f. 2 (V. 150 ; C. 137). Para. R. Graham, Esq. [P.]. q. $ (V. 157; C. ?). Bahia. Dr. 0. Wuciierer [C.]. h, i-k. S (V. 155; C. Rio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. 141) & 2 (V. 154, 163; C. 139,141). ^. 2 (V. 1G2; C. 140). Porto Real, Prov. M.Hardy duDreneuf Rio Janeiro. [C.]. m. . il4 (1858). Dendrophis viridis, 2>«;«. ^- Bibr. t. c. p. 202, pi. Ixxix. fig. 1. llerpetodrvas sebastus, CojK, I. c. Phyllosira'fiavescens, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 349. Herpetodryas carinatus, vars. glabra, decalepis, scurrula, Jan, Elenco, p. 80 (1863). holochlorus. Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 178. Eye large. Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer ; one prav and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth, rarely fifth and sixth only, enteriug the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 10 rows, all smooth, or the vertebral pair faintly keeled. Ventrals not angulate laterally, 144-168; anal entire; subcaudals 111-133. Total length 2300 millim. ; tail 760. Tropical South America. A. Olive-brown above, yellowish or whitish inferiorly. ( C. fuscus, L.) a. 2 (V. 158 ; C. 114). Brit. Guiana. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. b, c. S (V. 140 ; C. 124) Movobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Rofr[C.]. & 2 (V. 151 ; C. 1.30). Peru. d. J (V. 147; C.122). Cayaria, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C] ; Messrs. Veitch I P.I. e. c? (V.150; C.?). Guayaquil. Mr. Eraser [C.]. /. Slsull. Cayenne. g. Skull. Brazil. 76 colubridjE. B. Dark green above, pale green below. {D, viricUs, D. & B.) a, b. 2 (V. 162 ; C. 117) Berbice. Lady Essex [P.]. &ligr. (V. 155; C.112). c. 5 (V. 154 ; C. 123). Cliyavetas, E. Peru. d. 5 (V. 158 ; 0. ?). Guayaquil. Mr. Eraser [C.]. C. Black above, blackish olive below. a. S (V. 153 ; C. 111). Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. Peru. D. Brown above, with more or less regular light, black-edged cross bands, which are most distinct in the young ; belly yellow or olive. (C. saturninus, L.) «. Yg.(V.145; C. 133). Caracas. b. 2 (V. 148 ; C. 127). Demerara Falls. c. c? (V. 144 ; C. 115). Brazil. Lord Stuart [P.]. d. e. 5 (V. 168 ; C. ?) & Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. yg. (V.144; C. 122). E. Brown above, blotched with black. (N. scurrula, Wagl.) a. S (V. 157 ; C. ?). Xeberos. b. d (V. 153 ; C. ?). Moyobamba. Mr. A. H. Roil [C.]. 4. Herpetodryas melas. Herpetodryas melas, Cope, Froc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 278. Eye large. One prse- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 1; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior. Scales in 10 rows, all smooth, those of the median rows rather smaller than the parietal shields. Ventrals 158; anal divided; subcaudals 189. Black, except on the upper lip and the anterior half of the belly, which are cream-coloured. Total length 1210 miUim. ; tail 470. Nicaragua. 5. Herpetodryas grandisquamis. Spilotes grandisquamis, Fefers, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 451. Herpetodryas grandisquamis, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 135 ; Bocourt, Aliss. So. Mex.jEept. p. 73U, pi. xliii. fig. 5 (1890). carinatus, Cope, I. c. Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the pra3froutals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 -)- 2 ; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 10 longitudinal rows. 64. DBNDEOPHIS. 77 about as largo as the parietal shields, all except the outer row keeled ; the keels on the two median rows stronger. Ventrals 157-102; anal divided; subcaudals 118-135. Black, the throat and anterior part of the belly yellow. Total length 2200 millim. ; tail 500. Costa Rica. 64. DENDROPHIS. Ahictiilla, part., (?m//, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208. Leptophis, part.. Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p. 328; Jan, Elenco sht. Ofid.-p. 84(1863). Dendrophls, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 520 ; Boiileng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 337 (1890). Deudropbis, part., Wnc/l. Si/st. Amph. p. 182 (1830); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (1837) ; Dam. ^ Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 193 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 148 (1858) ; Jan, I. c. p. Bo ; Gimth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 296 (1864). Maxillary teeth 20 to 33, the posterior more or less enlarged, stouter if not longer than the rest ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck, more or less elongate ; eye large, with round pupil. Body elongate, more or less compressed scales smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, narrow, disposed obliquely, with apical pits, those of the vertebral row more or less enlarged ventrals with a suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side, corresponding to the keel. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows keeled and notched like the ventrals. South-eastern Asia and Australia. Fig. 6. Maxillary and mandible of Dendropkis pictiis. Syno2^sis of the ^^)ec/es. I. Maxillary teeth 20 to 26 ; eye not longer than its distance from the nostril. A. Scales in 15 rows. A single loreal ; ventrals 165-190 .... 1. pictus, p. 78. Two loreals ; ventrals 154-171 2. bifrenalis, p. 80. B. Scales in 13 rows. Usually two superposed anterior tem- porals ; ventrals 176-211 3. calligaster, p. 80. Usually a single, much elongate anterior temporal; ventrals 191-220 ; no dark streak on the side of the head 4. inmctulatus, p. 82. 78 COLUBEID^. II. Maxillary teeth 27 to 33 ; eye usually longer than its distance from the nostril. A. Scales in 15 rows. Two postoculars ; vertebral scales scarcely enlarged on the anterior part of the body ; ventrals 174-188 5. grandoculis, p. 84. Usually three postoculars ; vertebral scales very strongly enlarged ; ventrals 179-205 6. formosus, p. 84. B. Scales in 13 rows. Two postoculars ; ventrals 149-161 ; subcaudals 124-128 7. caudolineolatus, p. 85. Two postoculars ; ventrals 173-203 ; subcaudals 131-151 8. Uneolatus, p. 85. Three postoculars; ventrals 162; sub- caudals' 148 9. gastrostictus, p. 86. 1. Lendrophis pictus. ? Coluber ahsetulla, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 35, pi. xxii. fig. 3 (1754). ? Coluber ahsetulla, part., Linn. S. N. i. p. 387 (1766). ? Natrix ahfetulla, Lanr. Syn. Rept. p. 79 (1768). Coluber pictus, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1116 (1788). decorus, Skaw, Zool. iii. p. 538 (1802). Dipsas schokari, part., KiM, Beitr. Zool. vergl. Anat. p. 80 (1820). AhffituUa decorus, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208. Leptopbis ahsetulla, part.. Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p. 328. Dendi-ophis picta, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 530 ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xxxix. 1870, p. 193. ? Dendrophis polycbroa, Boie, I. c. AbffituUa bellii. Gray, III. Lid. Zool. ii. pi. Ixxx. (1834). Dendrophis pictus, part., SMey. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 228, pl. ix. figs. 5-7 (1837); Dum. Sr Bibr. vii. p. 197 (1854); Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 129 (1858) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 148 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 297 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 32, pl. i. fig. 3 (1869) ; Theoh. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190 (1876) ; Bouleny. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 3.37 (1890). Leptopbis pictus, Cantor, Cat. 3£al. Rept. p. 82 (1847). Ahffitulla picta, part., Cojie, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 556. Dendrophis picta, var. andamanensis, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 184. Leptopbis formosus, Jan, Ico7i. Gen. 49, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1879). Maxillary teeth 23 to 26. Ej^e as long as its distance from the nostril. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal elongate (in one specimen divided into two, in another fused with the prseirontal) ; one prse- and two postoculars; temporals 2 + 2, rarely 1 + 1 or 1 + 2; nine 64. DENDROPHIS. 79 upper labials, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eye, rarely seven or eight ; five, rarely four, lower labials in contact -with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals nearly as large as outer ; the enlarged vertebral scales originating abruptly a short distance behind the head, by fusion of two nuchal scales. Ventrals 165-190 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 122-16-4. Olive or bronze- brown above ; a black stripe on each side of the head, passing through the eye, usually very strongly marked on the temple and extending to the nape, where it may widen or break up into spots ; a yellow lateral stripe, bordered below by a dark, usually Ijlack line or stripe along the limit between the lower row of scales and the ventral shields ; upper lip yellow ; lower parts uniform pale yellow or greenish. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 440. Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, hiUs of Southern India, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. «. Hgr. c? (V. 184 ; C. 122). b-c. Hgr. $ (V. 170, 171 ; C. ?, ?). d. Hgr. S (V. 16o ; C. 164). e. Hgr. c? (V. 177 ; C. 149). /, g. Hgr. 6 (V. 167, 165 ; C. 130, 127) h,i. $ (V. 174, 174; C.?, 132). k-l. $ (V. 167, 170 ; C. 133, 145). m. Hgr. $ (V. 165; C. 137). n-0,21. c?(V.169;C.140)& $ (V. 179, 174 ; C. 123, 146). q,r. 2 (V. 178; C. ?) & yg. (V. 178 ; C. 139). 8. 2 (V. 171 ; C. 131). t-v. $ (V. 167, 168, 169; G. 12.3, 139, 1.30). 70. 2 (^^- 166; C. 1.30). X. 2 (V. 172; C. 141). y. Yg. (V. 174; C. 153). z-a. S (V. 169 ; C. 130) & hgr. (V. 168; C. 145). ^. d (V. 100 ; C. 158). y. 2 (V. 185; C. 160). 8. Yg. (V. 166 ; C. 145). f. Hgr. (V. 170 ; C. 136). f. Skeleton. Sikkim. Bengal. Anamallays. Lao Moimtains. Camboja. Pinang. Sumatra. Isias. Borneo. Borneo. Borneo. Java. Java. Philippines. Philippines. Manado, Celebes. N. Ceram. Misol. Ternate. Borneo. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. Col. Beddome [C.]. M. Mouhot [C.]. M. Mouhot [C.]. Dr. Cantor, Leyden Museum. Hr. Sundermaun [C.]. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. Sir Hugh Low [P.]. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. H. J. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. Dr. A. B. Meyer [P.]. H.M.S. 'Challenger.' (Type of C. decorm.) 80 COLUBKID^. 2. Dendrophis Mfrenalis. (Plate IV. fig. 1.) Dendrophis picta, var. C, Giinth. Cat. p. 149 (1858). bifrenalis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 338 (1890). Maxillarj' teeth 24 or 25. Head very narrow and elongate, shorter than its distance from the nostril. Eostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prfefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; two loreals ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the ej-e ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shiehls, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals larger than outer. Ventrals 154-171 ; anal divided; subcaudals 144-155. Dark olive above ; a yellowish lateral stripe running along the outer row of scales ; upper lip yellow ; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; some oblique black bars may be present on each side of the neck ; ventrals and subcaudals pale greenish yellow between the keels, dark olive between the keels and the light lateral stripe. Total length 1030 millim. ; tail 380. Ceylon. a, b. 2 (V. 171 ; C. 144) & yg. Ceylon. 1 (V. 154; C. 155). ]■ (Types.) c. Hgr. d (V. 155 ; C. ?). Ceylon. A. Paul, Esq. [P.]. \ 3. Dendrophis calligaster. Dendrophis lineolata, part., Bum. S,- Bihr. vii. p. 200 (1854). calligaster, Gunth. Ann. 8f 3Iag. N. H. (3) xx. 1867, p. 63. lineolatus (won Hombr. ^ Jacq.), Jan, Icon. Gen. 32, pi. iii. fig. 2 (1869). salomonis, Giinth. Ann. <§• Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 25. aruensis, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 349, pi. xii. fig. g ; Sam-age, Bull. Soc. Fhilom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 41. katowensis, Macleay, Proc. Linji. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 1877, p. 37. darnleyeusis, Macleay, I. c. p. 38. punctulatus, part., Peters 8f Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 390. Maxillary teeth 20 to 26. Eye not longer than its distance from the posterior border of the nostril. Eostral once and two thirds to twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the tip of the snout, usually shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to thrice as long as deep (rarely absent, fused with the proefrontal) ; one pre- and two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals usually 2 + 2, sometimes 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with 64. DENDROPHIS. 81 the anterior chin-shields, -which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows, the vertebrals about as large as the outer. Ventrals 176-211; anal divided; subcaudals 125-151. Coloration very variable, but a more or less distinct black or blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, is constant, and usually connected with its fellow across the rostral shield ; upj)er lip and throat yellow ; some of the scales with more or less distinct 5-ellowish outer border. Total length 1270 millim. ; tail 430. Moluccas, New Guinea and neighbouring Islands, Solomon Islands, Cape York. A. Bronzy or olive above ; the dark streak on the side of the head usually prolonged to the neck, where it may break up into spots ; pale olive beneath, more or less closely speckled with darker. (Z). calllgaster, Gthr. ; D, aruensis, Doria; D. darnlei)- ensis, Macleay.) a-b. 2 (V. 194, 191 ; C. 141, 150). c-e. c? (V. 178; C. 128) & $ (V. 184, 185; C. 132, 135). f-ff, h. 2 (V. 184, 190; C. 14'.), 143) & hgr. (V.191; C. 136). i-l. S (V. 179, 178 ; C. 143, ? ) & $ (V. 180 ; C.?). m. 6 (V. 176; C. 136). n. $ (V. 178; C. 145). 0. c? (V. 177 ; C. 142). p-s. S (V. 182; C. ?), $ (V. 183 ; C. 139), & hgr. (V. 181, 182 ; C. 133, 142). t. $ (V. 184 ; C. 138). Mansinam, New Guinea. Islands of Torres Straits. Murray Id., Torres Straits. Cornwallis Id., Torres Straits. Cape York. St. Aiguan, Louisiade Archipelago. Shortlaud Ids., Solomon Group. Gela, Solomon Ids. M. L, Laglaize [C.]. Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. (Type.) B. H. Thomson, Esq. [P.]. H. B. Guppy, Esq. [P.]. CM. Woodford, Esq. [C.]. Guadalcanar, Solomon C. M.Woodford, Esq. Id.. [C.]. B. Like the preceding, but anterior dorsal region tinged with vermilion. a-h. 2 (V. 185, 178 ; C. 140, 133). Guadalcanar, Solomon C. M.Woodford, Esq. Ids. [C.]. C. Like A, but anterior dorsal region dark brown or black, with the scales of the vertebral series yellow. a. 5 (V. 183 ; C. 127). Aleya, S.E. New Guinea. b. $ (V. 183 ; C. 127). Rossel Id., Louisiade B. H. Thomson, Esq. Ai'chipelago. [P.]. VOL. II. G 82 COLUBEID^. D. Bronzy above ; the black etreak on the side of the head pro- longed as a broad baud along each side of the anterior part of the body ; belly pale olive, immaculate. (Z>. hatowensis, Macleay.) a-h. S (V. 189 ; C. 144) N.W. New Guinea. M. A. Linden [C.]. & ? (V. 190 ; C. 137). E. Bronzy or olive above, the scales usually black-edged; the black streak on the side of the head not prolonged on the body, or but feebly marked; belly yellowish or pale olive, immaculate. (Z). salomonis, Gthr.) a. 9 (V. 211; C.?). Timor Laut. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [G.]. /;. c? (V. 201 ; G. ?). Kei Ids. Gapt. Langen [P.]. c-e, f. S (V. 202. 197; Duke of York Id. Rev. G. Brown [G.]. C. 148, ?) & $ (V. 207, 192 ; G. 151, 148). (J, h. S fV. 193, 194 ; Solomon Ids. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. G. ?, 148). (Types of D. salomonis.) z. Yg. (V. 180; C. 126). Alu, Shortland Ids., "G. M.Woodford, Esq. Solomon Ids. [C.]. k. $ (V. 200; G.?). San Ghristoval, Solo- H. B. Guppy, Esq. moulds. [P.]. I, m. 2 (V. 202 ; G. ?) & Santa Anna Id., Solo- H. B. Guppy, Esq. yg. (V. 203 ; G. 143). mon Ids. [P.]. r. Olive-green to bright green above, uniform bright greenish yellow beneath ; black streak on the side of the head well- marked but not continued on the body. a-e. 2 (V. 180, 182, 188, Rubiana, New Georgia, G. M.Woodford, Esq. 186,187; G. 137, 126, Solomon Ids. [G.]. 136, 131, 137). G. Black above, dark olive-grey or blackish beneath. a-b. 2 (V. 191, 190 ; Rossel Id., Louisiade B. H. Thomson, Esq. G. 12-5, ?). Archipelago. [P.]. c. S (V. 183; G. 136). Normanby, Louisiade B. H. Thomson, Esq. Archipelago. [P.]. ) & Wvnad, Malabar. Col. Beddome [0.]. 2 (V. 184; C. 100). c. Hgr. (V. 176; C. 109). Perak. J. H. Leech, Esq. [P.]. d-e. 5 (V. 181, 187 ; C. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 104, 110). f-ij. 2 (V. 183 ; C. 109) Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. ■& yg. (V. 160 ; C. 104). /*. 2 (V. 188; C. 110). Malay Peninsula (?). East India Company [P.]. i. S (V. 174; C. 100). E. coast of Sumatra. Mrs. Findlay [P.l. Z;. 2 (V. 171; C. ?). Nias. Hr. SundermannfC.]. I. 2 (V. 173 ; C. 100). Buno-m-an Id., Natuna A. Everett, Esq. [C.I. Ids. m. 2 (V. 183 ; C. 111). Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. n. cJ (V. 175 ; C. 108). Borneo. Sir H. Low [P.]. o. 2 (V. 186 ; C. ?). Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. p. Yg. (V. 176 ; C. 109). Matang, Borneo. gr. Yg. (V. 183; C.?). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C r. Yg. (V. 172; C. 106). Puerta Priucesa. A. Everett, Esq. [C 4. Dendrelaphis terrificus. Dendrophis picta, var. B, Gi'inth. Cat. p. 149 (1858). punctulata, spec, o, Gibith. I. c. p. 150. terrificus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 583. philippineiisis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 78, pi. iv. Dendrelaphis terrificus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Hept. p. 339 (1890). Eye as long as its distance from the nostril. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the proefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; loreal elongate ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Yentrals 167-182 ; anal divided; subcaudals 92-113. Olive above, some of the scales black-edged or with white outer border : a black stripe on each side of the head and neck, passing through the eye, sometimes continued along the body and tail ; a black line along the outer edge of the ventrals and subcaudals, which are of a pale yellowish green ; a black median line along the lower surface of the tail. 6G. CHLOROPHIS. 91 Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 300. Philippines, Celebes. a. 2 (V. 167 ; C. 100). N. Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Type of 2). phillppinensk.) b, c. ? (V. 172 ; C. ?) & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. vg. (V. 182; C. 113). d.'2 (V. 179; C. 102). Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 5. Dendrelaphis modestus. (Plate IV. fig. 4.) Eye as long as its distance from the nostril. Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; iuternasals as long as the prae- frontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the pai'ietals ; loreal elongate ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temiiorals 2 + 2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Yentrals 191-193 ; anal divided; subcaudals 111. Olive above, scales black-edged; a rather indistinct dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; upper lip and lower surface of head yellow ; pale green beneath, the posterior ventrals and the subcaudals margined with blackish. Total length 1120 millim. ; tail 315. Tern ate. a-b. 2 (V. 193, 191 ; C. 114, ?). Ternate. H.M.S. ' ChaUenger.' 66. CHLOROPHIS *. Philothamnus, part., Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1840) ; Peters, ReUe n. Mossamb. iii. p. 128 (18^2) ; Bocaye, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 1. Leptopbis, part., Dum. Sf- Bihr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 528 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 84 (l8t)3). Chlorophis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p, 52 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philud. 1860, p. 559 ; Thaib. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 49 (1863). AhfetuUa, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 151 (1858), and Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 18(13, p. 283. Herpetsethiops, Giinth. Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 27. Fig. 8. Maxillary and mandible of Chlorophis natalensis. * A snake figured, but not described, by Jan, as from Mozambique, Dcndro- phis suhcarinatus. Icon. Gen. 32, pi. ii. fig. 2 (1869), perhaps belongs to tliis genus, but has feebly- keeled dorsal scales and the dentition is represented as ibodont. 92 C0LTJBE1DJ5. Maxillary teeth 20 to 25, posterior longest ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head more or less elongate, distinct from neck ; eye large or rather large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 15 rows, disposed obliquely, at least on the anterior part of the body ; ventrals rounded or more or less distinctly keeled on each side, the keel not extending to the sub- caudals. Tail long or rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. No trace of ventral keels. Three labials (fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye ; subcaudals 111-122. 1. emini, p. 92. Three labials (third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; subcaudals 85-99 . . 2. ornatus, p. 93. Two labials entering the eye ; subcaudals 85-105 3. lioplogasUr, p. 93. II. Ventrals more or less distinctly keeled on the sides. A. Anal divided (rarely entire). 1. Two labials entering the ej'e. Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye ; a single anterior temporal ; subcaudals 77-114 4. necjlectus, p. 94. Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye ; usuall}' two superposed anterior tem- porals ; subcaudals 114-124 5. natalensis, p. 94. Fifth and sixth labials entering the eye ; subcaudals 90-100 6. angolensis, p. 95. 2. Three labials entering the eye. Ventrals 175-190 ; subcaiidals 115-135 ; temporals 1 + 1 ; body very slender anteriorly 7. Tteterolepidohis, p. 95. Ventrals 150-182; subcaudals 94-133; temporals usually 1+2 8. irregidaris, p. 96. B. Anal entire ; subcaudals 78-92 ; three labials entering the eye 9. heterodermus^ p. 97. 1. Chlorophis emini. (Plate V. fig. 1.) Ahsetulla irregularis, part., Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 285. emini, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 325. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one thiid its distance from the frontal ; iuteruasals a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal 66. cDLOEOPnis. 93 nearly twice as long as deep ; one pneocular, usuallj' not touching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+^ or 1-f-l ; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals rounded, 155- 11)0; anal divided; subeaudals 111-122. Green above, the inter- stitial skin black ; some of the scales with a white spot on the basal half of the outer margin. Total length 720 millim. ; tail 250, Eastern Central Africa. a. (S (V. 155; C. 111). Monbuttu. Dr. Emiu Pasha [P.]. (Type.) h-c. Yg. (V. 190, 183 ; C. 500 miles south of Consul J. Petherick [CI 121,122). Chartoum. 2. Chlorophis ornatus. Philothamnus ornatus, Boccuje, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. ii. 1872, p. 80, & ix 1682, p. 15, fig. Internasals shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal with straight lateral borders, once and a half as long as broad, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prfeocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals rounded, 152-166 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 85-99. Bronzy green above, with a brown vertebral stripe edged with yellowish ; yellowish or pale green beneath. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 200. Guinea ; Angola. 3. Chlorophis hoplogaster. (Plate V. fig. 2.) Ahsetulla hoplogaster, Giinth. Ann. <^ 3Iag. N. H. (3) xi. 18G3, p. 281; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 305 (1890). Chlorophis oldhanii, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 49 (1868). Cyclophis oldhami, Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 159 (1876). Philothamnus hoplogaster, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 17. Ilostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measur- ing one third to two fifths its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds to twice as long as deep ; one praeocular, not touching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + ] or 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals rounded, without trace of a keel, 150-169; anal divided; subcaudals 85-105. Uniform green or olive above, greenish yellow inferiorly. Total length 700 millim.; tail 220. Central and South Africa. 94 COLrBEID^. a, b. S (V. 150 ; C. 105) Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. 1 & 2 (V. 156; 0. 89j. \ (Types.) c. 9 (V. 154 ; C. 93). Port Natal. Rev. H.Calloway [P.].) d-e. $ (V. 154, 159 ; C. Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. [P.]. 85, 92). /. 2 (V. 160; C. 94). Damaraland. (/. 2 (V. 160 ; 0. 95). Victoria Nyanza. 4. Chlorophis neglectus. Philothamnus neglectus, Peters, Mun. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 890, and lieise n. MosMmb. iii. p. 130, pi. xix. A. fig. 2 (1882) ; Pfeffer, Jahrb. Ilavtb. Wiss. Amt. x. 1893, p. 84. Ahajtulla neglecta, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 620. Snout rather pointed. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measmnng one third or two fifths its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep ; one prse- ocular, not touching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 or 1 +,2 ; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye ; five (rarely four or six) lower labials in contact with the anterior cliin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals with a slight lateral keel, 149-166; anal divided; subcaudals 77-114. Green above, greenish yellow beneath ; some purplish-brown blotches may be present on the anterior part of the body. total length 800 millim. ; tail 230. East Africa. a. 2 (V. 153 ; C. 100\ Taita. Mr. Wray [C,]. b. c? (V. 155; C. 100). Mkonumbi. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.]. t'. 2 (V. 159: C. 92). Lamu. F. J. Jacksou, Esq. [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 149; C. 114). Zanzibar Coast. e. 2 (V. 152; C. 91). Shire Highlands. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.l. f-k. S (V. 153, 157; C. Zomba, Brit. C. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. 93, 97), 2 (V. 149, 150; Africa. C. 86,77),andhgr. (V. 155; C. 89). Z. Hgr. (V. 152 ; C. 84). Milanji, Brit. C. II. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. Africa. 5. Chlorophis natalensis. Dendrophis (Philothamnus) natalensis, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pi. Ixiv. (1840). AhaetuUa irregularis, var. natalensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 152 (1858). natalensis, Giiiith. Aim. ^ Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 285. Philothamnus natalensis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. vs.. 1882, p. 18. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prcefrontals ; frontal with slightly concave lateral borders, once and a half to once and two 66. CHLOEOPHIS. Q5 thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep (rarely absent) ; one prjeocular, not touching the frontal ; two postoculars : temporals 2 + 2 (rarely ! + '>)• ci"ht upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower' labids lu contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 1.5 rows. Yentrals with distinct lateral keel 151-169; anal divided: subcaudals 114-12-1. Olive-green above' usually some of the scales with a white spot on the outer border and the skm between the scales black ; greenish-white iuferiorlv ' Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 330. South Africa. a. S (V. 167 ; C. ?). Damara-Iand. t' w *^\V^^4'« ^-^X . a. S'P^ °f ^^^^"'^ Hope. Dr. Statham [P.l. c. Hgr. (\ . 166 ; C. 118). Brit. Caifraria. F. P. M. Weale, Esq. '^'iM^?)^'^^^'^*^^' ^- I^^"g Williamstown. H.^Jrevelyan, Esq. /. d (V.'l56; C. 120). Port Elizabeth. J. ^2' Leslie, Esq. ff. d (V. 164; C. 124). Port Natal. Ee^'^H. CaUoway ?■ A^1 ^\ ^f^ ' ^- "^)- 2'^''^' ^^''- DiSannemeyer [P.]. ^. Ad., skel. S. Africa. ^ '- -^ 6. Chlorophis angolensis. Philothamnus angolensis, Bocciffe, Joni. Sc. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 7. Frontal rather short, with concave sides; loreal scarcely lon-er than deep; temporals 1 + 2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye. Ventrals feebly keeled, 150-100 : anal divided • subcaudals 90-100 Olive-green above, yellowish green beneath. ' iotal length 980 milhm. ; tail 320. Angola. 7. Chlorophis heterolepidotus. (Plate V, fig. 3.) '^p^S6,\t f4TS872!' ^'^^' ^""- ^ ^"^- ^' ^- ^''^ ""'■ 1863, Leptophis heterolepidota, Bocage, Joni. Sc. Lisb. i. 1867 p 69 PJnlotbamnus heterolepidotus, Bocac/e, Jom. Sc. Lisb. ix 188-^' n 8 %L'S:J'^:^it'- '"*• "■ '"■' '■f'^"' •"""*• ^«-' Ahffitulla gracilHma, Gwith. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 326. Eostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above mea suring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal with slio-htly concave lateral borders, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the suout, shorter than the parietals; loreal once and two 96 COLUBEIDiE. thirds to twice as long as deep ; one prsEoeiilar, not in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; eight or nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (exceptionally third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals with feeble lateral keel, 175-190 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 115-135. Green above, yellowish beneath. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 210. Tropical Africa. a. 2 (V. 182; 0.117). W.Africa? (Type.) b. 6 (V. 178 ; C. 128). Lagos. Dr. A. Giinther [P.]. c. cT (V. 186; C. 134). Lagos. d. $ (V. 180; C. 124). Lower Congo. M. A. Linden [C.]. (Type of A. gracillima.) e. (S (V. 181 ; C. ? ). Angola. Prof. B. du Bocage /. ? l\. 188 ; C. 123). Coast of Zanzibar. 8. Chlorophis irregularis. ? Coluber cserulescens, Dcmd. liept. vii. p. 54 (1803). Coluber irregularis, Leach, in Boicdkh, Miss. Aslumtee, p. 494 (1819). Dendrophis (Philotharunus) albo-variata, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pi. Ixv. & pi. Ixiv. fig. 3 (1840). chenonii, Eeinh. Vid. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p. 246, pl. i. figs. 13 & 14. _ Leptophis chenonii, Bum. ^- Bihr. vii. p. 545 (1854) ; A. Dtmi. Arch. du Mm. X. 1800, p. 199; J(m, Icon. Gen. 50, pl. i. fig. 2 (1881). AhffituUa irregularis, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 152 (1858), arid Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 285. Philothamnus irregularis, var. longifrenatus, Buchh. Sf Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 199. irregularis, I'cders, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 015 ; Bocage, Jwn. Sc. Lish. ix. 1882, p. 4, fig. ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 61. Ahajtulla sbirana, Gimth. Ami. S,- Mag. N. H. (0) i. 1888, p. 326. Chlorophis irregularis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 306. Philothamnus gueutheri, Pfeffer, Juhrb. Hunib. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 85, pl. i. figs. 3-5. Eostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above mea- suring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; inter- nasals as long as or a little shorter than the prgefrontals ; frontal with concave lateral borders, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice and a half as long as deep (rarely absent) ; one prajocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals usually 1 + 2, sometimes 1 + 1 or 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entei-ing the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals with moderately marked lateral keel, 150-182 ; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 94-133. Green or olive above, scales often G6. cHLOKOPnis. 97 with a white spot at the base, with or without a black upper border ; interstitial skin black ; sometimes with black spots or irregular cross bands on the anterior part of the body ; greenish yellow inferiorlv. Totariength 8-20 milHrn. ; tail 240. Tropical Africa. a. S (V. 173 ; C. 127). b. 2 (V. 182 ; C. lOG). c-d. S (V. 175 ; C. 125) & 2 (V. 180; G. 11(5). e-f. 6 (V. 165 ; C. 133) & 2 (V. 162; C. 111). ff. d (V. 166; C. 122). h-i, k-l. d" (V. 168 ; C. 130) & 2 (V. 168, 172, 171; C. 111,108,103). m~n. 2 (V. 171 ; C. 122) & head. 0. 2 (V. 176; C. 110). p. 2 (V. 157 ; C. 94). q. 2 (V. 154; C. ?). r. 2 (V. 158; C. 103). s-t. 2 (V. 162, 163 ; C. 105, 103). u. Hgr. S (V. 157; C. 114). v-w. 2 (V. 154, 162 ; 0. 98, 108). X. S (V. 170; C. 114). Gambia. McCarthie Id. Bissao. Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone. Ash an tee. CTuinea ? Claboon. Angola. Cacoiida, Angola. Zambesi Expedition. Blantyre Mission Sta- tion. Shire Valley. Ugogo, E. Africa. J. Mitchell, Esq. [P.]. Officers of tlie Chat- ham Museum [P.]. V. H. Cornish, Esq. [C.]. Sir A. Kennedy [P.]. H. C. Hart, Esq. [P.]. T. E. Bowdich, Esq. [P.]. (Types.) Leyden Museum. Lieut. Cameron [P.]. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. H. A. Simons, Esq. [C.]. (Type of .4. shirana.) Capt. Speke [P.]. 9. Chlorophis heterodermus. Chlorophis heterodermus, Halloxo. Proc. An. Philad. 1857, p. 54. AhtBtulla heteroderma, Giinth. Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 285. Herpetffithiops bellii, Giinth. Ann. 8r Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 18G6, p. 27, pi. vii. fig. B. Philothamnus heterodermus, Buchh. Sf Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 199; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 18; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p.' 59. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above mea- suring hardly one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the proefrontals ; frontal with slightly concave lateral borders, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep ; one prseocular, usually not in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals with moderately VOL. II. H 98 COLrBRIDJE. strong lateral keel, 148-162 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 78-92. Greeu or olive above, the skin between the scales black ; young with black cross bars ; lower parts greenish yellow. Specimens a and c black above, blackish olive beneath. Total length 740 millim. ; tail 200. West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Congo. a. 2 (V. 1G2 ; C. 90). Sierra Leone. Sir A. Kennedy [P.]. b. S (V. 150 ; C. 78). Freetown, Sierra E. Dinzey, Esq. [C.]. Leone. c. 5 (V. 159 ; C. 85). Victoria Sherborough Lieut. Bell [C.]. Id., Sierra Leoue. (Type of Herpet- (Ethiopi helm.) d. Yg. (V. 148 ; C. 90). Gold Coast. W. F. Evans, Esq. [P.]. e. Yg. (V. 156; C. 83). Lagos. /. $ (V. 158; C. 79). Oil River. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. «7. 2 (V. 157; C. 83). W.Africa. Mr. Rich [C.]. 67. PHILOTHAMNUS. Philothamnus, part.. Smith, III. Zoo]. S. Afr., Sept. (1840) ; Peters, Meise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 128 (1882) ; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. ix. 1882, p. 1. Ahfetulla, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 151 (1858), and Ann. 8( Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 283. Dendrophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. OJid. p. 85 (1863). Maxillary teeth 2.5, posterior longest ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head elongate, distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 13 or 15 rows, disposed obliquely, at least on the anterior part of the body; ventrals with a suture-like lateral keel, and a notch on each side correspond- ing to the keel. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows, keeled and notched like the ventrals. Tropical and South Africa. Synojjsis of the Sjiccies. I. Scales in 15 rows. A. Subcaudals 110-155. Temporals usually 2 -(-2 1. semivariegatns, p. 99. Temporals 1 + 2 2. nitldus, p. 100. Temporals 1 4- 1 3. dorsahs, p. 101. B. Subcaudals 163-175 4. thomensls, p. 101. II. Scales in 13 rows 5. girardi, p. 102. 67. rniLoxnAjiNus. 99 1. Philothamnus semivariegatus. ? Coluber albiventris, lieuss, Mus. Senckenh. i. 1834, p. 144. Dendrophis (Philothamnus) semivariegata, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pis. \\x. & Ix., & Ixiv. fig. 1 (1840). AhastuUa semivariegata, Gilnth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. l'8o. kirkii, Giinth. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 424, and Zool. Rec. 1869, p. 116. Philothamnus punctatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 889, and Decken's Reise, iii. Amph. p. 16, pl. i. fig. 2 (1809), and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 129, pl. xix. A. fig. 1 (1882) ; Bocage, Jam. Sc. Lish. ix. 1882, p. 14. Dendrophis melanostigma, Jan, Icon. Gen. 32, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1869). ? Philothamnus nigrofasciatus, Buchh. ^ Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 199. irregularis, var., Fischer, Abh. not. Ver. Breni. vii. 1881, p. 229, pl. xiv. figs. -5-7. smithii, Bocaqe, I. c. p. 12, fig. Ahffitulla boeagii, 'Giinth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. JS. (6) i. 1888, p. 326. Leptophis punctatus, Mocquard, Mem. Cent. Soc. Philom. 1888, p. 128. Philothamnus semivariegatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 189], p. 307. punctatus, var. sansibaricus, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. X. 1893, p. 83. Eostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above mea- suring one fourth or one fifth its distance from the frontal ; inter- nasals as long as or a little shorter than the prtefrontals ; frontal with concave lateral borders, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep ; one prteocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 (rarely 2 + 1, 1+2, or 1+1) ; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 1G9-207 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 112-155. Green or olive above, with or without black spots or cross bars ; greenish yellow inferiorly. Total length 1210 millim. ; tail 450. Tropical and South Africa. A. Irregular black cross bars ; some of the scales with a whitish spot. a. IlgT. (V. 199 ; C. 138). W. Africa. B. No black spots or bars ; some of the scales with a whitish spot. b. c? (V. 196 ; C. 134). Gambia. Dr. P. EendaU [C.]. C. With black spots, at least on the anterior part of the back. c. S (V. 181 ; C. 122). Palapve, Kalahari E. J. Cuuinghame, Desert. Esq. [P.]. d. Ilgr. (V. 187 : C. 138). E. Africa. Dr. Livingstone [C.]. e. $ (V. 193 ; U. 137). Shiri5 Valley. Sir J. Kirk [G.j. h2 100 COLTTBEID^. f. Ilgr. (V.200; C. 144). » , hocerciis, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Gofting.m. 1847 v 11 Leptophis hocercus, part., Bum. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 533 (1854)." Ahajtulla hocercus, part., Girnth. Cat. b. 153 (1858) -— occidentahs, Gimth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 412; Pe^^-^ Won Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 607, ^ ' ' ^"' Thrasops occidentalis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860 p 557 pr£estans, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p 309 Leptophis piv-estans. Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii 1876 v 133- Ount/i. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 1.30 (1894) ' ^' ' pL xrfigf S'"'^ '^^' ^'''^'''' ^'■^^' f- ^«^- 1881, p. 229, Leptophis Vii, Co^e, Proc^Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 979 — -^^occidentalis, Coj^e, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii^ "1886, 112 COLUBEID^. Eostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parie- tals ; nasal elongate, divided ; no loreal ; praefrontal in contact with the second and third, or second, third, and fourth labials ; one prseocular, in contact with or not quite reaching the frontal ; two or three postoculars : temporals 1 + 2 ; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye : four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, all except the outer row more or less distinctly keeled ; scales of middle row more feebly keeled than the one or two on each side of it ; scales on the neck and tail smooth. Ventrals 152-185, feebly angulate laterally ; anal divided ; subcaudals 133-176. Total length 2000 miUim. ; tail 730. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. A. Green above, the keels brown or black ; yellowish or pale green beneath ; a black streak on each side of the head behind the eye, disappearing in old specimens. a. c? (V. 152; C. ?). W.Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. (Type.) b-d. Hot. S (V. 178 : Cartagena. Capt. Garth [P.]. C. 147) & yg. (V. 174, 1G7 ; C. ?, 159). e. $ (V. 173; C. 155). Brazil? /. 2 (V. 185 ; C. 170). British Honduras. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. g. cS (V. 172 ; C. 169). Stann Creek, British Rev. J. Robertson [C.]. Honduras. h. 5 (V. 182; C. 172). Tabasco. F. D. Godman, Esq. [PJ. i. rf (V. 180; C.?). Am ula, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.J; F.D.Godman,Esq.[P.]. B. Black above and beneath, chin and throat white. a. T\sr. 2 (V. 165 ; C. Guayaquil. (Type.) 133). b. Hgr. 2 (T. 163 ; C. ? Royal College of Sur- 140). geons. 10. LeptopMs nigromarginatus. (Plate III. fig. 3.) Ahsetulla nigromarginata, Giinth. Ann. df Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 28. Leptophis marginatus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 177. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prsEfrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; nasal elongate, entire or divided ; no loreal ; 71. LErTOPHIS. 113 prsefrontal in confact with labials ; one prreocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; temporals l + 'J; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, all except the outer row more or less distinctly keeled ; the keel on the middle vertebral series more feeble, or obsolete ; scales on neck and tail smooth. Ventrals distinctly angulate laterally, 149- 3 01 ; anal divided; subcaudals lOG-163. Green above, head-shields and scales broadly edged with black ; keels black ; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish or pale green, uniform or edged with dark green. Total length 1010 millim. ; tail 390. Upper Amazons. a. 2 (V. 158 ; C. 11-5). Upper Amazons. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. (Type.) b-c. S (V. 155 ; C. 142) & Pebas. 2 (V. 161 ; C. 163). d-e. 2 (V. 158, 149 ; C. Peruvian Amazons, 15.3, 1,50). f-f/. d (V. 1.55; C. 117) Movobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Eoff[C.]. & 2 (V. 1.53 ; C. 144J. Peru. h. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 106). Sarayacu, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C] ; Messrs. Veitch [P.]. 11. Leptophis liocercus. Coluber ahstulla, part., Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1116 (1783) ; Bonnat. Encifcl. Meth., Ophiol. p. 28 (1789) ; Lacep. Serp. p. 223, pi. xi. fig. 1 (1789). boiga, part., Baud. Rept. vii. p. 63, pi. Ixxxiv. (1803). liocercus, Wied, Ahbild. (1824), aiid Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 265 (1825). riehardii, Bory de St. Vine. Ann. Sc. Nat. i. 1824, p. 408, pi. xxiv. Ahretula liocercus, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Hyn. p. 93 (1831). riehardi. Gray, I. c. Leptophis ahtetulla, part., Bell, Zool. Joxirn. ii. 182.5, p. 328. Dendrophis liocercus, part., Schley. Pltys. Sei'p. ii. p. 224, pi. ix. tifi-s. 1 & 2 (1837). Leptophis liocercus, part., Dum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 533 (1845). Ahajtulla liocercus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 1.53 (1858). liocercus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Sac. 1859, p. 413. Thrasops alistulla. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 557. marginatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 349. Ahffitulla ahsetuUa, Peters, Mon. Bert. Ac. 1873, p. 607. Leptophis liocercus, Jan, Icon. Gen. 49, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1879). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal elongate, entire or divided ; no loreal ; praefrontal in contact VOL. II. I 114 COLUBKIDiE. with labials ; one prfEocular (rarely divided) in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two (rarely three) post- oculars ; temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five or six (rarely seven) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, all except the outer strongly keeled on the body, smooth on the neck and tail. Ventrals strongly angulate laterally, 151-1()7 ; anal divided ; sub- caudals 140-173. Bronzy or golden above, head, neck, and usually vertebral region bright green ; or bright green above and on the sidts ; the keels on the scales dark brown or black ; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; scales and head- shields sometimes black-edged ; upper lip and lower parts white or yellow. Total length 1720 miUim. ; tail 590. South America east of the Andes. «. S (V. 167; C. 173). Tobago. A. Ludlam, Esq. TP.]. 6. 5 (V. 159; 0. ?). Tiiuidad. Eev. C. Kingsley [C.j. c-d c? (V. 160; C. 144) Trinidad. F. W. Urich, Esq. &hgr.(V. 156; 0.123). [P.]. €. d (V. 164 ; C. 161). Demerara. Capt. Friend [P.]. f~h. d (V. 161, 153; C. Berbice. 154, 147) & 2 (V. 166, 161 ; 0. 153, 148). I. c? (V. 156; 0. 163). Bahia. Mr. Ker [P.]. k. 2 i^- 151 ; C. 150). Brazil. Lord Stuart [P ]. /. $ (V. 160 ; C. ?). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C;.]. m. Skull. Caracas. n. Skull, Cayenne. 12. Leptophis ortonii. Leptophis ortonii, Cope, Journ. Ac. Fhilad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 177. Nearly allied to L. oiigromanjinahis, but scales smooth and ventrals non-angulate. Elite above ; a coppery golden spot witbin the apex of many of the scales, which extends on those of the external two rows so as to cover the scale except at its base ; ven- trals coppery golden, the front margin sea-green ; the blue scales have a black tip, and often a narrow border ; head uniform green ; labials yellow, with a narrow black line along the upper margin of the posterior ones. Total length 965 millim. ; tail 390. Middle Amazon, Peru. 13. Leptophis urostictus. Ahfetulla urosticta, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 606. No loreal ; nine upjer labials. Scales in 13 rows, all except the 72. UEOMACEE. 115 outer keeled ; smooth on the tail. Ventrals 1G3. Ollve-grccn above, the keels black ; vertebral scales dotted with black on the sides ; a black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye ; pale green beneath. Bogota. 72. UROMACER. Dendrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (1837). Uroiiiacur, iJum. ^- Bibr. Mem. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 478, and Erj). Gen. vii. p. 719 (1854) ; Ja7i, Elenco sid. Ofid. p. 87 (1863). AhietuUa, part., Gunth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 151 (18.58). Maxillary teeth 16 to 20, increasing in size posteriorly, the two last very large and separated from the others by a wide interspace ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head elongate, distinct from neck ; eye ' moderate, with round pupil, Eody slender, very elongate ; scales narrow, lanceolate, smooth, with apical pits, in 1 7 or 19 rows; ventrals without or with a very obtuse lateral keel. Tail very long ; subcaudals in two rows. Santo Domingo, West Indies. Synopsis of tlie Species. Snout t^v^ce as long as the eye, truncate at the end ; rostral twice as broad as deep ; scales in 17 rows ; ventrals 163-176 1. cccteshi/i, p. 115. Snout twice and a half as long as the eye, subacuminate ; rostral as broad as deep ; scales in 17 rows ; ventrals 182-193 .... 2. frenatus, p. 116. Snout thrice as long as the eye, acutely pointed; rostral deeper than broad; scales [p. 116. in 19 rows; ventrals 192-210 3. oxyrhynclum, 1. Uromacer catesbyi. Dendrophis catesbyi, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 226 (1837). Uromacer catesbyi, Bum. Sj- Bibr. vii. p. 721, pi. Ixxxiii. fig. 2 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 33, pi. iii. fig. 2 (1869). Ahfetulla catesbyi, G'linth. Cat. p. 154 (1858). Leptophis catesbyi, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Sac. xviii. 1879, p. 273. Snout about twice as long as the eye, much depressed and truncate at the end. Eostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals longer than broad, shorter than the pra;frontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; nasal long and narrow, divided or semidivided ; prefrontal in contact with the second labial ; a small loreal between the prseocular aud the praefrontal ; one or two proe- aud two or three postoculars ; tem- i2 IIG COLUBEID^. porals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 163-176; anal divided; subcaudals 162-206. Olive- green above, each scale black-edged ; upper lip, two or three outer rows of scales, and lower parts greenish white ; a more or less distinct white lateral streak ; a blackish streak on each side of the head and neck, passing through the eve. Total length 1310 millim. ; tail 580. Santo Domingo. a, b, c. S (V. 170, 163 ; S. Domingo. C. 181, 170) & $ (V. 165: C. 172). d. 9 (V. 103 ; C. 162). Havti. Zoologicnl Society. e. $ (V. 170 ; C. 184). Cape Hayti. Hr. Rolle [C.]. 2. Uromacer frenatus. Ahfetulla frenata, Gilnth. Ann. Sf Maq. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 94, pi. ii. fig. B. Uromacer inornatus, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Head very long and narrow, body extremely slender; snout rather pointed, projecting, twice and a half as long as the eye. Eostral nearly as deep as broad, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals much longer than broad, shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal rather more than twice as long as broad, a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals ; nasal long and narrow, divided ; prasfrontal in contact with the second labial ; a small loreal between the praeocular and the prte- f rental ; one prae- and two post oculars ; temporals 14-2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 182-193: anal divided ; subcaudals 201-205. Greyish olive above and below, punctulated or powdered with darker and with a few widely scattered small black spots ; upper surface of head and nape green with a blackish lateral streak, passing through the eye, edged below by a whitish streak. Total length 1250 millim. ; tail 550. Santo Domingo. «. d(V. 191; C.?). ? (Type.) /k d (V. 190; C.?). Jeremie, Hayti. Dr. J. G. Fischer. c. d iy. 193; C. 205). S. Domingo. 3. Uromacer oxyrhynchus. Uromacer oxvrhynchus, Dum. 4'- Bihr. vii. p. 722, pi. Ixxxiii. fig. 1 (1854); Garman, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284; Fincher, Jalirb. Hanib. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888, p. 41, pi. iii. fig. 6. 73. nri'siRHrxcnus, 117 Ahfetulla oxyrhynclia, Gilnth. Cat. p. 151 (1858). Leptophis oiyrliyucluis, Cope, Pruc. Am. Phllos. Soc, xviii. 1879, p. 273. Head very long aud narrow, body extremely slender ; snout acutely pointed, strongly projecting, about thrice as long as the eye. llostral deeper than broad, scarcely visible from above ; interuasals much longer than broad, shorter than the proefrontals ; frontal twice and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals ; nasal long and narrow, divided or semidividcd ; praifrontal in contact with the second labial ; a small loreal between the prajocular and the pn^jfrontal : one prte- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. 8cales iu 19 rows. Ventrals 192-210 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 185-202. Emerald-green above, pale green below ; a white and yellow lateral streak, running along the lower series of scales ; a black line, edged with white below, on each side of the head, passing through the eye. Total length 1270 millim. ; tail 550. Santo Domingo. a. 2 (V. 210 ; 0. 185). S. Domingo. b. c? (V. 210; C. 185). Cape Hayti. Hr. Rolle [C.]. c. d {y. 197; 0.200). ? 73. HYPSIRHYNCHUS. H3^psirhynchus, Gilnth. Cat. Col. S?i. p. 48 (1858). Maxillarj' teeth 14 or 15, slightly increasing in size posteriorly ; anterior mandibular teeth much larger than the posterior. Head slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate or rather small, with round or suboUiptic pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. kSanto Domingo, West Indies. 1. Hypsirhynchus ferox. (Plate VI. fig. 1.) Hypsirhynchus ferox, Gi'mth. I. c. p. 49; Cope, Proc. Ac. PhiJnd. 1871, p. 218, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 273; Fischer, Jakrh. Hamh. Wiss. Anst. v. 188S, p. 41. scalaris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 72 ; Garm. Proc. Am Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Snout rather elongate, acuminate, obliquely truncate, strongly projecting, and slightly turned up at the end. Rostral broader than deep, not or but scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, shorter than the praefrontals, which may be 118 COLIIBEID^. fused to a single shield ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pra3- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and lifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. A^entrals 166-177; anal divided ; subcaudals 72-88. Pale grey-brown above, with a dorsal scries of rhombic or arrow-headed dark brown markings ; head wnth dark undulous markings above ; lips and chin grey or brown ; a whitish streak from tbe eye to the side of the neck ; a more or less distinct dark lateral stripe ; lower parts spotted or powdered with brown. Total length 700 millim, ; tail 140. Santo Domingo. a. 2 (V. 174 : C. 72). S. Domingo *. (Tvpe.) b. S (V. 167 ; C. 86). Cape Hayti. Hr. Rolle [0.]. Fischer Coll. c. Yg. (V. 167 ; C. 88). Gonaives. Hr. Rolle [C.I. d. Yg. (V. 172 ; C. 78). Hayti. Hr. Rolle [C.]. e. $ (V. 177 ; C. 76). Hayti. Christiania Museum. 74. DROMICUS. Chironiu.s, part., Fitzing. N. Class. ^Rept. p. 29 (1826). Psammophis, part., Schlec/. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1837). Dromicus, part., Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Erp. p. 221 (184.3) ; Dum. 8,- Bibr. Erp. &V«. vii.p. 646 (1854) ; Gihdh. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 126 (1858) ; Jan, Elenro sist. Ofid. p. 66 (1863; ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Sept. p. 707 (1890). TiBuiophis, Girard, Broc. Ac. Bhilad. 1854, p. 226. Liophis, part., Cope, Broc. Ac. Bhilad. 1862, p. 76. Alsophis, Cojie, I. c. Ocyophis, Cope, Broc. Am. Bhilos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 491. Orophis, Garman, Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 86. Fis. 11. Maxillary and mandible of Bromicus anffulifer. Maxillary teeth 11 to 17, increasing in size posteriorly, followed, after a considerable interspace, by two strongly enlarged ones ; anterior mandibular teeth much larger than the posterior. Head * Purchased of H. Cuming as from Barbados. I find that all the .specimens marked "Barbados, Cuming's Coll.,'' belong to species found in S. Domingo. 74. DROMICUS. 119 slisjhfcly distinct from neck ; eye moderate or rather lar^e, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 to 23 rows; ventrals not or but obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long ; subeaudals in two rows. West Indies, Chili and Peru. Sijiiojjsis of the /S^je.'us. I. Subeaudals 100 or more. A. Fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye ; scales in 19 rows 1. c'lamissonis, p. 119. B. Third, fourth, and fifth upper labials entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior. 1. Scales in 17 rows. Loreal present, tetragonal 2. anjulifer, p. 120. Loreal absent 3. ater, p. 121. Loreal present, pentagonal 4. scuicke-cracls, p. 122. 2. Scales in 19 rovA's. Ventrals 172-189 5. antillensis, p. 123. Ventrals 191-210 , 6. leucomelas, p. 123. 3. Scales in 21 or 23 rows 7. rtifiventris, p. 124. C. Fourth labial entering the eye ; posterior chin-shields no longer than the anterior; scales in 21 rows. 8. anomalus, p. 125. II. Subeaudals 80-83 ; scales in 19 rows. 9. exlguus, p. 126. 1. Dromicus chamissonis. Coronella cliamissonis, Wiegm. N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 24(3, pi. xix. Psammophis temminckii, Schleg. Phi/s. Serp. ii. p. 218, pi. viii. tigs. 14 & 15 (1837) ; Guichen. in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool. ii. p. 84 (1848). Dromicus temmincldi, Dum. 8f Bibr. vii. p. 663 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 131 (1858J ; Gimrd, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 161 (1858)_. T;i5nii)phis tantillus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 227, and in Gillie, U.S. Nao. Astr. Exped. ii. p. 21-5, pi. xxxvii. figs. 7-12 (1855). Ilerpetodryas biserialis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Sac. 1860, p. 97. Liophis temminckii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 76, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 181. Dromicus chamissoois, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 65 (1867); Peter.x., Rent. p. 713, pi. 1. fig. 1 (1890"). ater, var. iuconstans (Jan), Bocourt, I. c. p. 714, fig. 2. Eye moderate, with projecting superciliary border; snout moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as broad, shorter than the pr£efroutals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal, proefrontal in contact with the second and third labials ; one prte- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-sbields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171-18.5; anal divided; subcaudals 144-162. Length of tail 2| to 2| times in the total length. Olive above and below, uniform or dotted with black ; a more or less distinct dark line on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; some specimens uniform black. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 430. Jamaica. 122 COLTJBRII)^. A. Uuiform black or blackish olive ; chin sometimes yellowish. (iV. atra, Gosse.) a, b. 2 (V. 175, 181 ; Jamaica. P. II. Gosse, Esq. [P.]. C. 1(!0, P). (Types.) c. 2 (V. 183 ; C. 102). Jamaica. R. Heward, Esq. [P.]. d. S (V. 178: C. ?). BlueHelds, Jamaica. e. 2 (V. 173;' 0. 158). W. Indies. B. Pale olive, with small brown or black spots, a dark temporal streak, and usually a dark streak on the suture between the parietals. {N. cajiistrata, Gosse.) a, b, c. 2 (V. 183; C. ?), Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [P.]. hgr. (V. 176 ; C. 15P)), & (Types of N. cajnstrata.) yg. (V. 174; G. 158). d. 2 (V. 179 ; C. 145). Jamaica. R. Heward, Esq. [P.]. e. Hgr. (V. 178 ; C. 147). Jamaica. Capt. Parry [P.]. /. c5''(V. 179; C. 150). Cinchona, Jamaica. T. D. A. Cockerell, Esq. 4. Dromicus sanctse-crucis. Psammophis antillensis, part., Schlcg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 214 (1837). Dromicus antillensis, part., Dvm. &)■ Bibr. vii. p. 659 (1854). antillensis, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) iv. 18o9, p. 210. Alsophis sancticrucis. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 76 ; Jteinh. 8f Liitk. Vidensk. Meddel. 1862, p. 218 ; Cope, Pruc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 312. ■ melanichnus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18G2, p. 76; Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 283. portoricensis, Heinh. if L'dtk. I. c. p. 221, Eye moderate ; snout moderate, somewhat projecting. Rostral twice as broad as deep, not or scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as broad, shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths or twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal pentagonal, as long as deep ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 170-198; anal divided; subcaudals 120-147. Length of tail about one third of the total. Dark brown above, powdered with black, and with small yellow spots or lines which may form more or less regular cross bands ; flanks and ends of ventrals blackish ; a black streak, bordered with yellow, on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; upper lip yellow, speckled with brown ; lower parts yellow, uniform or with black dots or fine black edges to the shields. Total length 1240"'millim. ; tail 410. West Indies (St. Croix, Porto llico, Santo Domingo). a f)^c. cJ (V. 195 ; C. 145) & St. Croix. A. Newton, Esq. [P.]. 2 (V. 195,195; C. ?, ?). (/. S (V. 191 ; C. 147). St. Croix. Hr. Riise [C.]. 74. DROMICUS. 123 5. Dromicus antillensis. Psanimophis antillensis, part., Schle;/. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 214 (1837). Droiuicus autilleusis, part., Diim. Si- L'ihr. vii. p. (iSO (18o4). antillensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 129 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 25, pi. i. fig. 1 (1867). Alsophis antillensis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 76 ; Iteinh. ^ Liltk. Tide?isk. Me/7§• Bibr. vii. p. 672 (1854) ; Giinth. Cut. p. 131 (1^58). Liophis triscalis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 299, and Icon. Gin. 18, pi. iv. lig. 1 (1866j. ? Liophis rufus, Jan, I. c. p. 301. Eye rather small. Rostral a little broader than deep, well visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or shorter than the pra3frontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long ; one or two prffi- and two post- oculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chiu-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 187-195 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 62-85. Length of tail 4| to 6 times in the total length. Pale brown or greyish above, with three more or less distinct dark brown longitudinal streaks on the back and two on the tail ; lower parts whitish, uniform or dotted with brown. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 120. Curagao, Venezuela, Surinam. a. 2 (V. 189; C. 84\ Curasao. E. Hartert, Esq. [C.]. b, c. <5 (V. 191, 192 ; C. ?, 85). Surinam (?). Yau Lidth de Jeude d. 2 (V. 192 ; C. 62). Paraguay (?). VOL. II. Collection. 130 COLTJBEIDJi;, 3. Liophis tseniurus, Liophis tfeniuriis, Tschudi, Faim. Per., Herp. p. 61, pi. v. (1845'! ; Jan, Arch. Zool. An. Phys. ii. 1803, p. 296, and Icon. Gen. 18, pi. iii. %. 1(1866). ^ ^ Aporophis tseniurus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 277. Eye moderate. Eostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half or once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one prie- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior cliin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 148-185 ; anal divided; subcaudals 53-57. Length of tail 4| to 5 times in the total length. Brown above, anteriorly with black transverse spots or cross-bands, posteriorly with two or four black longitudinal bands ; labials whitish, a black lateral streak passing through the eye ; a black ^-shaped nuchal collar ; belly -white with black spots, some of which extend over a whole ventral shield ; lower surface of tail black, with or without a light streak along each side. Total length 630 millim. ; tail 125. Peru and Ecuador. a. 2 (Sc. 17 ; V. 164; C. 53). Muna, Teru. Mr. W. Davis [C] ; Messrs. Veitch [P.]. h. c7 (Sc. 17 ; V. 148 ; C. 57). Moyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. Eoff [C.]. c. 5 (Sc. 19 ; V. 157 ; C. 55). Guayaquil. H. B. James, Esq. [P.]. 4. Liophis albiventris. Liophis reo-inae, vars. albiventris et quadrilineata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 294, ayid Icon. Gen. 16, pi. vi. figs. 2 & 3 (1866) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.r.,Rept. p. 633, pi. xli. fig. 4 (1886). Opheomorphus alticolus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 102. Liophis alticolus, Bouleng. Ann. <§• Mag. N, H. (5) ix. 1882, p. 460. Eye moderate ; snout short. Kostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontnl once and a half as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long, some- times very small or absent ; one pre- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 138-158; anal divided; subcaudals 50-66. Length of tail 4 to 5| times in the total length. Olive or greenish above, uniform or spotted with black ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; labials white ; 3foung with a pale black-edged nuchal collar; a more or less distinct black streak, 75. Liopnis, 131 sometimes edged above and below by a series of whitish dots, along each side of the posterior half of the body to the end of the tail ; sometimes two other dark lines on the posterior part of the back, confluent into one on the tail ; lower parts white, uniform or black- spotted. Total length 750 millim. ; tail 140, Ecuador, A, Belly unspotted, a. $ (V. 158; C. 60). Olalla, 8490 ft. E. Whymper, Esq. [C.]. b. S (V. 152; cm). Quito. c-d. c? (V. 151 ; C. 61) & W. Ecuador, Mr, Eraser [C], 2 (V. 155; C. 62). B. Belly black-spotted. e. 2 (V. 156; C. 57). Intac. Mr. Bucklev [C], /, Yg. (V. 138 ; C. 55). Guayaquil. Mr. Eraser [G.]. 5, LiopMs fraseri, (Plate VI, fig. 2.) Eye moderate ; snout rather elongate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, a little shorter than the pnefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little deeper than long ; one prte- and two post- oculars ; temporals l-\-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals ] 60 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 70. Pale olive above, with small black spots ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; upper lip white ; four black streaks along the posterior part of the body, the two upper confluent into one on the tail ; lower parts white, with scattered small black spots. Total length 690 millim. ; tail 150. Ecuador. a. 2 (V. 160 ; G. 70). W. Ecuador. Mr. Eraser [C.]. 6, LiopMs poecilogyrus. Coluber M-nigrum, Raddi, Mem. Soc. Ital. Modena, xviii. (Fis.) 1820, p. 338. ? Coluber alternans, Licht. Verz. Doiibl. Mas. Berl. p. 104 (1823). Coluber poecilogyrus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 371, and Abbild. (1825). doliatus {non L.), Wied, Beitr. p. 368, and Abbild. bicolor, Reuss, Mm. Senckenb. i. 1834, p. 145, pi. viii. fig. 1. Coronella merremii, part., Schley. F/ti/s. Serp. ii. p. 58 (1837). Liophis merremii, part., JJu?n. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 708 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 44 (1858) ; Ilensel, Arch.f. Nat. 1868, p. 3124, k2 132 COLUBEID^. Liophis merremi, Girard, U.S. ILvplor. Exped., Herp. p. 159, pi. xi. figs. 1-6 (1858). merremii, var. sublineatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 252. reginae, Burm. Seise La Plata, i. p. 528 (1861). Ophiomorphus doliatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, pp. 75 & 348. Liopliis subfasciatus, Coj^e, I. c. p. 77. pcEcilogynis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 291, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1866) ; Bouleng. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 4.32. regiure, var. viiidicyanea, Jan, II. cc, Icon. 18, pi. ii. fig. 1. Opheomorphus meleagris. Cope, Proc. Am. Pkilos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 191. meleagris doliatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Pkilos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 57. Eye moderate. Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one prae- and two postoculars ; tem- porals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 143-179 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 40-63. Length of tail 5 to 6 times in the total length. Pale brownish, olive, greenish, or red above, spotted and reticulated with black, or with more or less distinct dark cross bands, or with alternating red and pale olive transverse bands ; some specimens blackish, with small pale olive spots. Young with well-marked black spots arranged symmetrically, or with broad bhick cross bands, con- tinuous across the back or interrupted and alternate, and separated by narrow pale interspaces ; a broad black occipito-nuchal collar. Lower parts yellowish or red, usually spotted with black. Total length 660 millim. ; tail 120. Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Eepublic. a. Yg. (V. 145 ; C. 50). Santarem, Amazon. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.]. b. cJ (V. 179; C. 62). Rio Janeiro. J. MacGillivray, Esq. [C.]. c. c? (V. 176 ; C. 57). Ptio Janeiro. Haslar Collection. <^. Hgr. (V. 174 ; C. 63). Tijuca Pt. R.Bennett, Esq. [P.]. e. 2 (V. 175; C. 62). Tijuca R., near Rio W. Schaus, Esq. [P.]. Janeiro. f-p, q. S (V. 162, 157, Porto Real, Prov.Rio M. F. Hardy du Dr^- 162; C. 55, ?, 62), 2 Janeiro. ueuf[C.]. (V. 157, 161; C. 59, 56), hgr. (V. 160; 0. 56), & yg. (V. 153, 152, 1.56, 156; C. 59, ?, 58, 62). r-t. Hgr. c? (V. 146 ; C. S. Jos<5 dos Campos, Mr. A. Thomson [P.]. 50), 2 (Y. 153 ; C. 52), Prov. S. Paulo. &yg. (V. 143; C. 49). 75. Liopnis. 133 u. 2 (V. 154; C. 47). t', w-y. $ (V. 144;C. 53) & yg. (V. 144, 150, 148; C."50, 55, 53). z-a. Hgr. (V. 172, 173; C. ?, 62). /3-y. Hgr. (V. 155, 154 ; 0. 50, 49). 8-0. 2 (V. 149, 155, 147 ; C. 45, 43, 43), hgr. (V. 157 ; C. 44), & yg. (V. 152 ; C. 43). (. 5 (V. 151; G.?). K-n. (? (V.155; C.52)& 2 (V. 156, 157 ; C. 48, 51). v-$. 2 (V. 150, 155; C. 46, 46). o-o-. d (V. 158 ; C. 50), 2 (V. 149; C. 44), & yg. (V. 152, 149; C. 42, 46). r. 2 (V. 154 ; C. 44). V. Skull. Santa Cruz, Prov. Malto Grosso. l\io Grande do Sul. Brazil. Paraguay. Asuncion, Paraguay. S. Moore, Esq. [P.]. Dr. H. V. Ihering [C.]. G. L. Convngham, Esq. [P.]. ' Prof. Grant [P.]. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. Dept. of Soriano, Uru- R. Havers, Esq. [C.]. guay. Uruguay. Buenos Ayres. S. of Rio de la Plata. Argentina. Uruguay. LiopMs perfuscTis. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. Lieut. Gairdner [P.]. Liophis perfuscus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Phi/ad. 1862, p. 77. Dromicus perfuscus, Gunth. Ann. Sf Mag.N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 349. Eye moderate ; snout short. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 or 1 + 2 ; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 182-194 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 75-80. Length of tail 4| to 5 times in the total length. Brown above, vertebral region darker ; lower parts greyish or yellowish brown *. Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 200. Barbados. a-d. S (V. 192 ; C. 78), 2 (V. 189; G. 75), & vg. (V. 182, 194 : C. 77, 77). e. 5, 153; Hayti. Ilr. Rolle rC.l C. 110, 114, ?, 112), & yg. (V. 150 ; G. 128). h. cJ (V. 145 ; C. 123). S. Domingo. M. SaU^ rC.l. t. $ (V. loo ; C. ?). —? [Barbados]. * Through the kindness of Dr. F. Miiller, I have examined one of the type specimens, stated to be from Sierra Leoue, preserved in the Basle Museum. ' 142 COLUBEID^. 18. Liophis melanostigma. Natrix melanostigma, Waff I. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 17, pi. iv. fig. 2 (1824). Dromicus pleii (non D. <§• B.), Giinth. Cat. p. 128 (1858). melanostigma, Jan, Icon. Gen. 24, pi. v. fig. 3 (1867) ; Boulenff. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 433. Liophis reginfe, part., Steind. Sitzh. Ak. Wien, Iv. 1867, p. 268. Aporophis cyanoplem-us^ Cope, Proc. Am. PhUos. Soo. xxii. 1885, p. 191. Eye large ; snout moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little longer, as long as the parietals ; loreal a little deeper than long ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 150-160; anal divided; subcaudals 90-107. Tail about one third of the total length. Olive above ; nape with two more or less distinct yellowish longitudinal bands ; a lateral series of light and black dots on the fourth row of scales ; sides and ends of ventrals plumbeous grey ; upper lip yellowish, edged with black above ; ventrals yellowish, edged with grey or black, and with a black dot or short streak on each side. Total length 770 millim. ; tail 250. Brazil. a. 6 (V. 160 ; C. 107). Eio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. h. S ("V. 163; C. 100). Rio Janeiro. Dr. Cunningham [P.]. c. $ (V. 152 ; C. 98). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. 19. Liophis callilaemus. (Plate VI. fig. 3.) Natrix callilfema, Gosse, Nat. Sqj. Jamaica, p. 384 (1851). Dromicus callilsema, Giinth. Cat. p. 131 (1858), and Ann. 4* Maff. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 357. ? Alsophis funereus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 77. Eye moderate ; snout slightly prominent. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal smaU, square ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth enterin i the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than tho posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Yeutrals 13U-134; anal divided; subcaudals 70-110. Length of tail 2| to 2)\ times in the total length. Brown above, with darker dots ; 75. Liopiiis. 143 a blackish streak on the middle of the head and along the anterior part of the back and a blackish lateral streak on the head and body, passing through the eye ; lips and gular region yellowish, variegated with brown ; belly uniform yellowish. Full-grown specimens nearly uniform brown. Total length 410 millim. ; tail 125. Jamaica. a, 6-e. Hgr. c? (V. 132; Bluefields, Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [P.]. C. 110)'&yg. (V. 131, (Types.) 134 ; 0. 97, 109). d. 2 (V. 132 ; C. 70). Jamaica. R. Heward, Esq. [P.]. e,f. Hgr. c? (V. 133; C. W. Indies. 108) & yg. (V. 130 ; C. 107). 20. Liophis temporalis. Dromicus temporalis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 370 ; Garni. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 281. Mouth very inferior ; rostral plate prominent, but barely visible from above ; nasals distinct ; internasals small ; frontal broad ; loreal confluent with prajocular ; one or two postoculars ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; chin-shields equal. Scales in 17 rows. Ventralsl67; anal divided ; (tail mutilated). Chocolate-brown above, with a yellow lateral streak, edged with blackish above, running along the sutures of the two outer rows of scales ; a blackish plumbeous band along the outer row of scales and the outer ends of the ventrals ; indications of a yellow collar ; belly yellow. Length of head and body 430 millim. Cuba. 21. Liophis flavilatus. Dromicus flavilatus, Co])e, Proc. Ac. Philnd. 1871, p. 222, and Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xiv. 1877, p. 05; Garm. N.Am. Rept. p. 58 (1883). Closely allied to L. callilcemus, but scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 126 ; subcaudals 77. Colour above a rich golden brown, the scales of the two lower rows on each side broadl}- gold-edged ; head dark brown, darkest behind, with numerous but obscure paler vermicu- lations ; sides of head paler, with a reddish-brown band from the rostral plate through the eye to the middle of the last labial ; labials whitish, with black dots on the posterior ; below white, lower labials sparsely black-dotted ; a pair of pale dots on the common occipital suture. S.E. United States (N. Carolina to Florida). X44 COL0BRID.E. 76. CYCLAGRAS. Xenodon, part., Bum. ^ Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 75.3 (1854). Leiosophis, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 186.3, p. 320. Cyclagras, part., Cope, Proc. Am. Pkilos. Son. xxii. 1885, p. 185. Maxillary teeth 18, the last two very strongly enlarged and separated from the others hy a short interspace ; mandibular teeth snbequal. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil ; a series of suboculars. Body moderately elongate, cylindrical ; scales' smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows ; veutrals rounded. Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 1. Cyclagras gigas. Xenodon gigas, Dm?h. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 761 (18o4).__ Leiosophis gigas, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 186.3, p. 320, and Icon. Gen. 48, pi. iii. fig. 6 (1876), & 50, pi. ii. tigs. 25-27 (1881). Cyclaoi-as gigas, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 188.5, p. 185. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, just visible from above ; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as long as deep ; a prteocular, two postoculars, and three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; temporals 2 + 2 ; eight upper labials ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 1.53-170 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 60-87. Yellowish or reddish brown above, with broad black cross bands or rings ; a black stripe from the eye to the side of the neck ; anterior part of belly with three lono-itudinal series of brown dots or small round spots. Total length 2050 millim. ; tail 550. Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia. a. ^ (V. 170; C. 87). Para. b. J (V. 158; C. 81). Bolivia. M. Suarez [P.]. 77. XENODON. Ophis, War/l. in Sjn.v, Serj). Bras. p. 47 (1824), ajid Syst. Ainph. p. 172 (1830). Xenodon, part., Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 540 ; Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1837); Dim. %■ Bibr. Erp. Gin. vii. p. 753 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 53 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 316. Xenodon, Giinth. Ann. Sr May. N. If. (3) xii. 1863, p. 353. Acanthophallus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 482. Maxillary short, with 6 to 15 teeth, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of very strongly enlarged fangs ; mandibular teeth sub- equal. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical or depressed ; scales disposed obliquely, smooth, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows ; ventrals rounded or obtusely ansjulate. Tail short or moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America. 7<. XENODON. 145 Fig. 13. Skull of Xenodon merremii. Synopsis of the Species. I. Maxillary teeth 13 to 15 + 2 ; rostral shield not twice as broad as deep. A. Ventrals not aiigulate laterally, 130-157 ; anal entire ; suh- caudals 35-50 ; scales iu 19 rows (rarely 21). Rostral once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep 1. cohohritiiis, p. 146. Rostral once and one third as broad as deep. 2. siispectus, p. 147. B. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 152-176 ; anal usually divided ; subcaudals 50-69. Scales in 19 rows ; rostral as deep as broad. 3. guentheri, p. 147. Scales in 21 rows; rostral broader than deep. 4. neuiviedii, p. 148, II. Maxillary teeth 6 to 12 + 2 ; rostral shield twice as broad as deep ; anal usually divided. Scales in 21 rows ; 8 upper labials ; maxil- lary teeth 10 to 12 + 2 5. severus, p. 149. Scales in 19 rows ; usually 7 upper labials ; maxillary teeth 6 or 7 + 2 6. merremii, p. 150. 146 COLUBRID^. 1. Xenodon colubrinus. Coluber rabdocephalus, part., Wied, Beitr.Nat. Bras. i. p. 351 (1825), and Ahbild. (1831). Xenodon rhabdocephalus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 87 (1837) ; Dum. 8f Bibr. vii. p. 758 (1854) ; Jan. Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 317 ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Peiit. p. 114 (1894). colubrinus, Giinth. Cat. p. 55 (1858), and Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (3) xn. 1863, p. 353, pi. v. tig. E, and Zool. Pec. 1865, p. 126. severus, part., Ja7i, I. c. p. 317, and Icon. Gen. 19, pi. iii. fig. A (1866). berth oldi, Jan, II. cc. p. 318, pi. iv. fig. 2. angustirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 390, & 1873, p. 607. , sp., F. Midler-, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 663. severus, var. angustirostris, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Pept. p. 6.38, pi. xxxviii. fig. 3 (1886). biprseocularis, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1886, p. 103. Maxillary teeth 13-15 + 2. Head moderately depressed. Rostral shield once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fifth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, as long as its distance from the rostral, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one or two prse- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 (rarely 2 + 2); eight upper labials (exceptionally seven), fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (rarely 21). Ventrals not angnlate laterally, 131-153 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 36-50. Pale brown above, with broad brown dark-edged cross bands constricted or interrupted in the middle ; a dark marking on the crown and nape, usually bifurcate behind, separated from a dark band, extending from the eye to the angle of the mouth, by a pale oblique temporal streak ; lower parts yellowish, more or less obscured by brown dots, or with dark cross bars in the young. Total length 1100 millim. ; tail 150. Central and Tropical South America. a. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 44). Para. E. Graham, Esq. |^P.]. (Type.) 6, f. 2 (V. 147, 146; Bahia. Dr. W ucherer [C], C. 47, 45). d. Yo-. (V. 142 ; C. 45). Bahia. Haslar Collection. e. $ "(V. 148 ; C. 43). Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff [0.]. Peru. f. Yff. (V. 141; C. 40). Sarayacu, N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davies [C.I; ■^ ° ^ Messrs. Veitch [P.J. a-i. 2 (V. 153, 148 ; C. Medellin. 49, 45) & yg. (Y. 148 ; C. 42). / t . XENODON. 147 k, l-m. 2 (V. 149, 147 ; Panama. Christiania Museum. C. 46, 44) & yg. (V. 143 : C. 49). n. $ (V. 144 ; C. 39). San Geronirao, Gua- 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. temala. o-p. Yg. (Y. 131, 132 ; British Honduras. Dr. Giinther [P.] C. 43, 4i). y. Yg. (V. 132; C. 42). Amula, Guerrero. F.D.Godman,Esq.[P.]. 2. Xenodon suspectus. Xenodon suspectus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 133. Maxillary teeth 14 + 2. Head moderately depressed. Rostral shield once and one third as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one proe- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Yentrals not angulate laterally, 134-141 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 35-40. Olive above, with broad dark black-edged cross bars contracted or interrupted in the middle ; upper surflice of head with black dots ; sides of head black, with a few yellow dots ; chin and throat black, spotted with yellow ; belly dark brown, with yellow spots on the sides. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 100, Upper Amazon. a. d' (V. 141 ; C. 40). Moyobamba, N.E. Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. 3. Xenodon guentheri. (Plate VII. fig. 1.) Maxillary teeth 13 + 2. Head moderately depressed. Rostral shield as deep as broad, the portion visible from above as long as half its distance from the frontal ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, foiirth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 170; anal divided; subcaudals 57. Above with dark brown, blackcd-edged, angular, transverse spots separated by narrow pale interspaces ; nape with an elongate rhomboidal dark brown spot with a central longitudiual light streak ; head with three dark brown angular transverse bands, the middle one across the interorbital space and passing through the eye ; belly yellowish with large black transverse spots. 148 COLTJBRlBiE. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 70. Southern Brazil. a. Hgr. c? (V. 170; C. 57). Lagos, Sta. Catharina. Hr. Michaelis [C.]. 4. Xenodon neuwiedii. Xenodon rhabdocephalus, part., Dum. fy Bibr. \\\. p. 758 (1854) ; GUnth. Cut. p. 56 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Ajiat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 317, and Icon. Gen. 19, pi. v. fig. 1 (1866). neuwiedii, Giinth. An9i. Sf Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 354, pi. V. fig. C ; Hensel, Arch.f. Nat. 18C8, p. 228._ severus, part., Jati, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phy-^. ii. 1863, p. 317. neovidii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 133. Maxillary teeth 13-15 + 2, Head moderately depressed. Rostral shield once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals broader than long (if but very slightly), shorter than the pra-frontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Yentrals obtusely angulate laterally, 152-176; anal divided (exceptionally entire); subcaudals 50-69. Above with more or less distinct, dark brown, black-edged, angular cross bars separated by narrow yellowish or pale olive interspaces ; usually a large A or A-shaped dark marking on the nape ; a fj-shaped dark band round the head, passing through the eyes, and a dark cross bar between the eyes ; belly yellowish, usually with brown dots which crowd together to form cross bands ; usually a few deep black spots on each side of the anterior part of the body. Total length 800 millim. ; tail 130. Southern Brazil. a,h,c-e. , p. 106. atmodes, Baird S)- Gir. I. c. p. 57. Maxillary teeth 9 to 11 + 2. Eostral considerably narrower than the distance between the eyes ; an azygous shield separating the internasals ; praefroutals usually in contact with each other ; frontal longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parictals ; loreal deeper than long ; eye surrounded by 10 or 11 shields in addition to the supraocular; temporals small, scale-like ; seven or eight upper labials ; one pair of chin-shields, in contact with three lower labials. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth, in 23 to 27 rows. Yentrals liiO-15U ; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-60. Total length 800 millim. ; tail 130. United States, east of the Rocky Mountains. A. Brown or red above, with a dorsal series of large square or transverse dark brown or black spots, separated from each other by light interspaces, and a lateral alternating series of smaller spots ; an elongate black blotch or band on each side of the head, sometimes extending forwards to the frontal, a transverse dark band between the eyes, and an oblique one from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; belly yellowish or reddish, clouded with brown. a, b. d' (Sc. 25 ; V. 127 ; Bloomington, C. H. BoUman, Esq. C. 50) & yg. (Sc. 25; Indiana. [C.]. V. 128; C. 53). c. c? (Sc. 25 ; V. 127 ; Pennsylvania. Smithsonian Instit. C. 52). [P.]. d. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 120; Charleston. C. 52). e. Yg. (Sc. 25 ; Y. 128 ; S. Carolina. Smithsonian Instit. C.^19j. [P.]- (As typical of H. atmodes.) f-h, i. S (Sc. 25 ; V. 129, Duval Co., Texas. A^'. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. J 30; C. 48,48), $ (Sc. 25; V. 134; C. 37), & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 128; C. 48). k. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 141 ; Texas. C. 44). /. Skeleton, N. America. in. Skull. N. America. 156 COLUBRID^. B. Uniform black or blackish above. n. S (So. 25; V. 120; Georgia. Smithsonian lustit. c. 56). \y-]- o, p. S (Sc. 27 ; V. 131 ; N. America. C. 51) & $ (Sc. 25; V. 139 ; C. 42). 2. Heterodon simus. Coluber simus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 375 (1766). heterodon, part., Daud. Hept. vii. p. 153 (1803). Heterodon platyrkinos, Schkfj. Fhys. Serp. ii. p. 97, pi. iii. figs. 20- 22 (18.37). simus, Holhr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 57, pi. xv. (1842); Baird ^- Gir. Cat. N. Am. Sept. p. 59 (1853) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 76, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1883) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 643 ; Hay, Batr. Sf Bept. Indiana, p. 105 (1893). platyrhinus, part, Du7n. i^ Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 766 (1854). catesbyi, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 83 (1858). nasicus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 220. Maxillary teeth 8 or 9 + 2. Kostral narrower than the distance between the eyes ; several small shields separating the internasals and the prtefrontals ; frontal as broad as long or slightly longer, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; eye surrounded by 10 or 11 shields in addition to the supraocular ; eight upper labials ; one pair of chin-shields, in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales strongly keeled, of two or three outer rows smooth, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 114- 132 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 30-55. Coloration as in H. platy- rhinus. Total length 470 millim. ; tail 90. Mississippi and South Carolina. a. $ (Sc. 25; V. 121; Charleston. C. 33). b-c. S (Sc. 25; V. 114; N.America. College of Surgeons [P.]. C. 40) & yg. (Sc. 25 ; (Types of J£. catesbyi.) V. 124; C. 34). 3. Heterodon nasicus. Heterodon nasicus, Baird Sr Gir. in Stansbury, B.vplor. Great Salt Lake, p. 352 (1852), and Cat. N. Am. Bept. p. 61 (1853), and in Marcy, E.Tplor. Bed Biv. p. 222, pi. iv. (1853) ; Mallow. Proc. Ac Philad. 1856, p. 249 ; Baird, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Bept. p. 18, pi. xi. fig. 1 (1859) ; Jan. Icon. Gm. 10, pi. v. (1865) ; Bocotirt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Bept. p. 604, pi. xxxviii. figs. 1 & 2 (1886) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 644. catesbyi, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 83 (1858). kenneriyi, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 336. nasicus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 220. simus nasicus. Cope, Check-list N. Am. Bppt. p. 43 (1875); Coues ^ Yarroiv, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 270; Garm. 80. APOEOPHIS. 157 N. Am. Rept. p. 77, pi. vi. fig. 6 (1883); H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 305. Heterodon simus kennerlyi, Coues ^ Yarroiv, I. c. p. 271. Maxillary teeth 6 to 8 + 2. Hostral as broad as the distance between the eyes ; several small shields separating the internasals and the prefrontals ; frontal as broad as long or broader, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or longer than the parietals ; eye surrounded by 10 or 11 shields in addition to the supraocular ; eight upper labials ; one pair of chin-shields, in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales all, except the outer row, strongly keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 126-150 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 32-45. Pale brown or yellowish above, with three alternating series of brown spots, the median largest and usually broadest ; a dark cross band between the eye, a broad oblique band from the eye to the mouth, and three elongate blotches behind the head ; belly yellowish white, with deep black blotches, or entirely black in the middle. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 70. United States, west of the Mississippi, North Mexico. a. S (V. 148: C. 36). Kansas. Smithsonian Instit. [P.]. b-c, d. 2 (V. 138, 138, Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. 141 ; C. 3o, 38, 38). e. Yg. (V. 126; C. 37). Texas. Smithsonian Instit. [P.]. (As typical of H. kennerlyi.) f. 2 (V. 138 ; C. 32), Texas. (One of the types oi H. cateshyi.) 80. APOROPHIS. Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. Fhy.s. Serp. ii. p. 173 (1837). Dromicus, part., Dum. Sf Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 646 (1854) ; Gi'mth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 126 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 66 (1863). Lygophis {non Tsch.), part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 75. Aporophis, part., Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 34. Maxillary teeth 18 to 22, followed after an interspace by two enlarged ones ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head narrow, slightly distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; slender; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows, ventrals rounded. Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. Si/tiojJsis of the Species. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 165-178 . . 1. lineatus, p. 158. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 157-178; frontal as long as the parietals 2. Jlavifrenatus, p. 158. Scales in 17 rows ; ventrals 155 ; frontal a little shorter than the parietals 3. coraUiventris, p. 159. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 137-143; frontal as long as the parietals 4. amoenus, p. 160. 158 colubridtE. 1. AporopMs lineatus. Coluber lineatus, Linn. Mtis. Ad. Frid. p. 30, pis. xii. fig. 1, and xx. fig. 1 (1754), a7id S. K i. p. 382 (1766) ; Baud. Rept. vii. p. 2o (1803). Herpetodryas lineatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 191 (1837). Dromicus lineatus, part., Burn. ^ Bihr. vii. p. 655 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 134 (1858). lineatus, Jan, Icon. Gen. 24, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1867) ; Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p. 285. Lygopliis lineatus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 76. dilepis, Cojie, I. c. p. 81. Aporophis lineatus. Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 191. dilepis. Cope, I. c. Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; posterior border of internasals more than twice as broad as the anterior ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal narrow, twice to twice and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one or two prce- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 165- 178 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 79-93. Yellowish or pale olive above, with a brown black-and-yellow-edged vertebral band com- mencing on the snout ; a black or brown lateral line, widening on the side of the head and passing through the eye ; lower parts yellowish white. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 190. Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay. a-h. d (V. 165 ; C. 93), Demerara. 5 (V. 167, 169, 164, 166, 173; C. 90, 90, 82, 88, 90), & hgr. (V. 170, 168 ; C. 87, 87). {. c? (V. 175; C. ?). Berbiee. k. 2 (V. 170 ; C. 79). Para. R. Graham, Esq. [P.]. l-m. 2 (V. 178, 173 ; Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.J. C. 79, 81). 2. Aporophis flavifi'enatus. Lygophis flavifrenatus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 80. Dromicus amabilis, Jan, Icon. Gen. 24, pi. v. tig. 2 (1867). Aporophis tiavifrenatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philus. ISoc. xxii. 1885, p. 191. Dromicus flavifrenatus, Bouleny. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 433. Eostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; posterior border of internasals more than twice as broad as the anterior ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than 80. APOROPHIS. 159 that between the prefrontals ; frontal narrow, twice as lonj^ as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2: eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 157-178 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 76-94. Olive-brown above, with two yellow longitudinal lines, commencing on the snout, and separated by a dark brown band three scales wide ; a black lateral streak or series of spots ; the two outer rows of scales pale olive ; upper lip and pra;- and postoculars yellowish ; lower parts greenish white, the anterior border of each ventral black on each side. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 190. Southern Brazil to IS^orth-eastern Argentina. a-b. 2 (V. 166 ; C. 78) & Rio Grande. Dr. H. v. Iliering [C.]. vg. CV. lr,0; C. 94). c-'d. 2 (V. 160 ; C. 86) S. Lorenzo, Rio Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. & ya- (V. 157 ; C. 86). • Grande do Sul. e. $ (V. 166 ; C. 76). Colonia Resisten- Prof. Spegazzini [C] ; cia, Central Chaco. Marquis G. Doria [P.]. /■. HgT. (V. 178 ; C. ?). Candelaria, Prov. Marquis G. Doria [P.J. Missiones. 3. Aporophis coralliventris. (Plate VII. fig. 2.) Aporopbis coralliventris, Bouleng. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 346. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prtefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one prne- and two postoculars; temporals l-|-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 155; anal divided; subcaudals 71. Olive- brown above, darker along the five median rows of scales, bluish grey on the sides (three rows of scales) ; head without streaks or markings ; upper lip white ; throat and anterior ventral region white, rest of belly and tail coral-red, the shields edged with black. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 80. Paraguay. a. cJ (V. l.J5 ; C. 71). Island north of Concepcion, Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. near S. Salvador. (Type.) 160 COLUBKIB^. 4. Aporophis amoenus. Enicognathus amoenus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phi/s. ii. 1863, p. 270, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. ii. fig. 1 (1866). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals nearly as long as broad, a little shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal a little deeper than long ; one pra3- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 137-143 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 92-94. Olive-brown above, with a blackish vertebral line, which is indis- tinct or absent on the anterior half of the body : two outer rows of scales grey-brown, third row black, with a round white spot in the centre of each scale ; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; upper lip white ; lower parts white, with a lateral series of black dots. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 210. The specimen in the collection measures 235, tail 75. Brazil. a. Yg. (V. 137 ; C. 92). Theresopolis, Prov. Rio Dr. E. A. C46ldi [P.]. Janeiro. 81. RHADIN^A. Liophis, part., Wagl St/.st. Amph. p. 187 (18.30) ; Dum. ^- Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 697 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 42 (1858) : Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 287. Coronella, part., Schlec/. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837) ; Giinth. I. c. p. 34 ; Jan, I. c. p. 236. Dromicus, part., Dum. S) Bibr. t. e. p. 646; Giinth. I. c. p. 126; Cope, Pruc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 76 ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 66 (1863) ; Bocourf, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Pept. p. 707 (1890). Ophiomorphus (non DeJ.), Cope, I. c. p. 75, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889, p. 144. Lygophis (non Tsch.), part., Cope, 1. c. Rhadinc-ea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 100, and 1868, p. 132. Calonotus (non Hiibn.), Jan, I. c. p. 239. Diadophis, part., Jan, I. c. p. 261; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 618 (1886). Enicognathus, part., Jan, I. c. p. 266 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 625. Ablabes, Jayi, I. c. p. 279. Aporophis, part., Cope, Proc, Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 34. Maxillary teeth 14 to 24, posterior largest, forming an uninterrupted series, or the two or three hindermost separated from the others by a very short interspace ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head but slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, 81. RDADIN^A. 161 iu 15 to 21 rows ; ventrals not or but obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. Central and South America. Fig. 15. Maxillary aud mandible of Ehadinma mcrremii. Synopsis of the S^ienies. I. Scales iu 15 to 19 rows. A. Anterior chin-shields at least as long as the posterior ; tail not more than one fourth of the total length. 1. Six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. a. Scales in 17 rows. One postocular 1. leucogaster, p. 163. Two postoculars ; nostril between two nasals 2. hreviceps, p. 164. Two postoculars ; nasal single 3. callic/aster, p. 1G4. b. Scales in 15 rows 4. mimus, p. 164. 2. Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. a. Scales in 19 rows. a. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Ventrals 147-159 ; subcaudals 50-73. 5. anomala, p. 165. Ventrals 186-198 ; subcaudals 75-92. 6. sagittifera, p. 165. /3. Ventrals not angulate laterally. Suture between the frontal and the pncfrontals not longer than that between the frontal aud the supraocular 13. obtitsa, p. 171. Frontal wide, supraocular suture shorter than anterior 14. scrperastra, p. 172. VOL. II. j£ 162 COLTJBEIDiE. b. Scales in 17 rows. a. Yentrals not more than 185, * Parietals a little longer than their distance from the internasals ; ventrals 143-163. 7. cobella, p. 166. ** Parietals as long as their distance from the inter- nasals. Ventrals 150-170, with black spots . . 8. pxirpurans, p. 167. Ventrals 141-164, unspotted, uniform, or edged with black 9. merremii, p. 168. Ventrals 165-183, unspotted, edged with black 10. fusca, p. 169. Ventrals 147-165, unspotted, outer ends green 11. jcpgeri, p. 170. ft. Ventrals more than 185 . 12. genimaculata, p. 170. B. Anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior, or tail more than one fourth of the total length. 1. Scales in 17 rows. a. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Frontal once and a half as long as broad ; subeaudals 58-71 15. affinis, p. 172. Frontal once and two thirds as long as broad ; subeaudals 66-75 16. poecilopogon, p. 173. Frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad ; sub- eaudals 85-95 25. laureata, p. 179. b. Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 173 ; subeaudals 78 17. lachrymans, p. 174. Ventrals 117-137; subeaudals 90-120. 21. decorata, -p. 176. Ventrals 117 ; subeaudals 79 22. vermkulaticeps, p. 177. Ventrals 145-183 ; subeaudals 88- 132 24. vittata, p. 178. c. Eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. 18. undulata, p. 174. 2. Scales in 19 rows 23. clavata, p. 177. 3. Scales in 15 rows. Three postoculars 19. melanauchen, p. 175, Two postoculars 20. occipitalis, p. 175. II. Scales in 21 rows 26. goclmani, p. 179. 81. rhadinjea. Table showing jV timbers of Scales and Shields. 163 Scales. leiicogaster | ] 7 breviceps caUigastcr mimus anomala sagitfifera cohella -purpurans , merremii fuifoa jageri genimaculata ohtusa serperastra affinix paeci/opogon lachrymans undulata melanauchen occipitalis decor ata vermiculaticcps clarata vitfafa laitrenfa godmani 17 17 1.5 19 19 17 17 17 17 17-19 17 19 19 17 17 17 17 15 1,5 17 17 19 17 17 21 Ventral?. 140 1.54 152 ? 147-1.59 18(1-198 143-1(>3 150-170 141-164 165-18.3 147-165 191-208 174-192 164 147-LS5 141-164 173 149-1()7 148 152-183 117-137 117 127 145-183 159-164 168-176 Subcaudals 30 48-54 46 ? 50-73 75-92 45-57 61-65 47-58 51-60 56-62 51-66 65-79 78 68-71 66-75 78 5S-S.5 60 64-86 90-120 79 89 88-132 85-95 72-92 Labials 6 6-7 7 7 7-8 1. Rhadinaea leucogaster Liophis leucQo-aster, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phiis ii 1863 d " and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1865). ' ~ 289. Eye rather small ; rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; interriasals broader than long; suture between the inter- nasals a little shorter than that between the pra3frontals ■ frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance trom the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; loreal square ; one pr«- and one postocular ; temporals 1-f 2 ; six upper labials, third and fouith entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 1 7 rows \ entrals 140 ; anal divided ; subcaudals yO. Brown above, with black cross bands, some of the scales on the middle line between the bands edged witli white: a black lateral stripe on the hinder part ot the body, extending to the ends of the ventrals ; lower surface white. Total length ISO millim. ; tail 28. Habitat unknown. 164 COLTJBEID^. 2. Rhadinsea breviceps. Liopliis breviceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 252. Ophiomorphus breviceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18G2, p. 75. Ej'e rather small ; rostral broader tban deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, a little shorter than the pne- frontals ; frontal not quite once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slight!}' shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the rostral ; loreal deeper than long ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 +2 ; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-chields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 154 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 48-54. Length of tail 5| to 5| times in the total length. Brown above, the scales edged with black, with more or less regular narrow black cross bands ; below with black and white (red ?) cross bands of subequal width. Total length 450 millim. ; tail SO. Ecuador ; Surinam. a. S (V. 154 ; C. 48). W. Ecuador. Mr. Eraser TCI. b. 2 (V. 154 ; C. 48). Palltanga, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.]. ^ 8. Rhadinsea calligaster. Contia calligaster, Cojje, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 146, pi. xxviii. tig. 12. Snout narrowed ; one nasal shield : loreal subquadrate ; one prse- and two postoculars : temporals 1 + 1 or 1 + 2 ; seven u])per labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior and posterior chin-shields equal. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 152 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 46. Dark brown above, with a narrow black vertebral stripe ; two lateral paler stripes ; a black stripe along the ends of the ventrals ; labials broadly black bordered ; belly yellow, with a series of black crescents on the median front of each suture ; middle line of tail below black. Pico Elauco, Costa Rica. 4. Ehadinaea mimus. Opheomorphus mimus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1808, p. 307. Snout short; internasals broader than long; frontal shorter than parietals ; loreal very small or absent ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Crimson, each scale with a brown spot near its tip ; ten black rings on the body, complete across the belly ; head above and spot below eye black. Total length 340 millim. ; tail 60. Andes of Ecuador or Colombia. 81. EHADINiEA. 165 o. Rhadinsea anomala. Coronella anomala, Giinth. Cat. p. 87 (1858), ayid Zool. Rec. 186G, p. 126; Boiileny. Ann. S^ Mag. N. H. (o) xviii. 18.^0, p. 431. Lygophis rutilus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 80, ajid 18G3, ■p. 101. Coronella pulcliclla, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 251, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. iii. fig. 4 (1866). Aporophis anomalus. Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 93. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prasfrontals * ; frontal narrow, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; lorcal as long as deep or a little longer t; one prte- and two postoculars ; temporals l-|-2; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering tlie eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals indistinctly angulate laterally, 147- 159 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 50-73. Length of tail 4^ to 5| times in the total length. Brown or olive above, with large black spots dotted with yellow, and two yellow longitudinal lines or series of spots ; the black spots forming symmetrical vertical bars on the sides ; belly yellow. Total length 570 millim. ; tail 105. From Southern Brazil and Paraguay to Baenos Ayres. a. c? (V. 1.55; C. ?). Parana. Haslar Collection. (Type.) b. tronta]s ; frontal not twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; one prte- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (exceptionally 19). Ventrals 147-165; anal divided; subcaudals 55-62. Length of tail 4| to 5 times in the total length. Olive above, this colour extending to the sides of the ventrals ; vertebral region brown; lower surface yellowish or salmon-pink, uniform or obscured with olive. Total length 500 millim. ; tail 115. Southern Brazil and Uruguay. $ (V. 153 ; C. 56). Brazil. Dr. Gardiner [0.]. Types. h. $ (V. 147 ; C. 62). Brazil. M. Clausen [C c-e. S (V. 157 ; G. 62), Rio Grande do Dr. H. v. Iheri£g [C.J 2 (V. 165; C. 60), & Sul. yg. (V. 164 ; C. 59). /. $ (V. 164; C. 65). Uruguay. 12. Rhadinsea genimaculata. Dromicus lineatus, part., Diim. 4' Bibr. vii. p. 155 (1854). Liophis (Lvgophis) geuimaculata, Boettg. Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. Iviii. 1885, p. 229. 81. RHADIN^A. 171 Rhaclionea genimaculata, Boukny. A7in. ^ Mag. N. II. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 347. E3'e moderate. Rostral slightly broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals broader than long, as long as the pniifrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, not mnch wider than the supraocnlar, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; one pne- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 191-208 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 61-66. Pale grey-brown above, with three dark brown light-edged longitudinal streaks; the vertebral streak widest, hardly tM'o scales wide, and commencing on the occiput ; the lateral streaks widening abruptly at the angle of the mouth and extending, through the eye, to the end of the snout; upper lip and lower surface uniform white; a pink stripe along the middle of the belly and under the tail. Total length 390 millim. ; tail 75. Paraguay. a. S (V. 191 ; C. 5.5). Paraguay. Hr. H. Ptohde [C.]. (One of tlie types.) b. $ (V. 199; C. 55). Asuncion. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 13. Rhadinsea obtusa. Rhadinsea obtusa, Cope, Proc. Ac. PJiilad. 1863, p. 101. Enicognathus, sp., F. Midi. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 144. Coronella obtusa, Bouleiuj. Ann. <^ Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 194. Eye rather small. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcel)' visible from above ; internasals broader than long, as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal square ; one prtE- and two postoculars; temporals l-|-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-192 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 65-79. Pale brown above, with a dark brown vertebral streak, occupying one scale and two halves, commencing on the snout ; a dark brown lateral streak, extending round the snout and passing through the eye ; sides and outer ends of ventrals dark olive-grey ; upper lip and lower surface yellowish, unspotted. Total length 3S0 millim. ; tail 95. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. a. S (V. 187 ; 0. 79). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering[C.]. b. 2 (V. 185 ; C. 74). Dept. of Soriano, R. Havers, Esq. [P.]. Uruguay. c. c? (V. 174; C. 65). ColoniaResistencia, Prof. Spegazzini [C]; C. Chaco. jMarquisG. Doria[P.j. 172 COLTIBEID^. 14. Ehadinsea serperastra. Rbadinsea serperastra, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 212, and Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 140. Ablabes serperastra, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 105 (1893). Internasals transverse, narrow : -frontal wide, supraciliar}- suture shorter than anterior, total length exceeding that of common parietal suture ; loreal square ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth euterino; the eye ; chin-shields subequal. Scales in 19 rows. Yentrals 164 ; anal divided : subcaudals 78. Dark brown, with six longitudinal yellow or white lines ; head dark brown above, with a pale shade across frontal and two just behind parietals ; labials black, yellow- spotted ; belly yellowish, with a series of dark spots on the ends of the ventrals. Costa Pdca. 15. Rhadinsea aflBnis. Dromicus affinis, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 128 (18.58). ? Enicognathus melanocephalus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 186.3, p. 269, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. 1. tig. 4* (1866). Coronella iheringii, Boideng. Ann. l^- Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 194. Eye moderate. Snout short ; rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout and shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one prje- and two jjostoculars ; temporals 1+2, the second upper very long ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 147- 185; anal divided; subcaudals 58-71. Length of tail 3| to 5 times in the total length. Grey-brown above ; a black band on each side of the head, passing through the eye, uniting with a broad transverse band on the occiput, covering the posterior half of the parietals; the rest of the upper surface of the head with black variegations, or almost entirely black ; a triangiilar light spot behind the eye and two roundish ones close together behind the point of the frontal ; the black occipital band edged with lighter behind ; a blackish longitudinal line on the nape, sometimes con- tinued along the back as a vertebral series of small spots ; a roundish dark spot on each side of the nape ; pale yellow inferiorly, with one or two black dots on the side of each ventral and one on each caudal ; a few other minute dots may be scattered on the ventrals ; chin and throat brown, with yellowish, black-edged spots or ver- miculations. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 145. Brazil. 81. EHADIN^A. 173 a. Hgr. 2 (V. 170 ; C. 64). llio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. b IL'T. c5' (V. 147 : C. 71). Rio Janeiro. G. Busk, Esq. [P.J. (Types.) c-e S (V. 178; C. ?) & Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering yg. (V. 172, 176; G. [C.]. (Types of 58,?). C.iheringii.) f. ? (V. 185; C. 6o). Theresopolis. Fischer Collection. 16. Rhadinsea pcecilopogon. Dromieu? afHnis, part., Giinfk. Cat. p. 128 (1858). Rbadin;ea pcecilopogon, Cupe, Proc. Ac. Fhilad. 1863, p. 100; G'unth. Zool. Rec. 1866, p. 125. Enieognathus elegaus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Plnjs. li. 1863, p. 268, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. i. fig. 3 (1866). Dromicus melanoceplialus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 277. PLiophis persiniilis, Cojje, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 308. Coronella pcecilopogon, Boulem/. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 194, and xviii. 1886, p. 431. Enieognathus biliueatus, Fischer, Jahrb. Ilamb. Wiss. Anst. ii. 18S5, p. 08, pi. iii. fig. 5. Eye rather small. Eostral hroader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; interiiasals broader than long, shorter than the pne- I'rootals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one pr;v- and tvro postoculars : temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 141-164 ; anal divided; subeaudals 66-75. Length of tail 8^ to 4 times in the total length. Back brown, with three black longitudinal lines or series of dots ; sides usually dark grey, which colour extends upon the sides of the veutrals ; head dark brown or blackish, with a white line round the snout, along the cauthus rostralis, and from the eye to the second upper tem- poral ; upper lip white, brown-dotted ; ventral region yellowish in the middle, with a lateral series of small black spots or short lines, which may be contlucnt into a streak on the hinder half of the bodv. Total length 440 millim. ; tail 120. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. a-b. c? (V. 151 ; C. 75) & Rio Grande do Sid. Dr. II. v. Ihering [C.l 2 (V. 160; C. 69). c. 2 (V. 163 ; C. 70). Sta. Catharina. Dr. II v. Ihering [0.]. d. cS (V. 141 ; C. 72). Santos. Dr. J. G. Fischer's Collection. (Type of jE. bilineatiis.) e. J (V. 155; C. 66). Brazil. Haslar Collection. (One of the types of Z>. ajfinis.) f. S (V. 154 ; C.72). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.J. 174 COLrERTDiE. 17. Rhadinsea lachrymans. Lygopliis lachrymans, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 164. E.hadinaea lachrymans, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 140. Dromicus lachrymans, GilntJi. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 114 (1894). Snout short; rostral broader than deep ; internasals broader than long ; frontal broad, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pra?- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight npper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 173 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 78. Chestnut-brown above ; end of ventrals and first three and a half rows of scales blackish, yellowish-margined above from side of neck to end of tail ; on the anterior half the body is divided by a yellowish band on the first and second rows of scales ; head aljove brown ; a deep brown band from eye across sixth labial, another across seventh, and a black spot on each side of neck ; below and labials bright yellow, the anterior upper labials brown margined. Habitat unknown. 18. Rhadinsea undulata. Coluber undulatus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 329, and Abhild. (1825). Enicognatlius melanocephalus, part., Dum. %■ Bibr. vii. p. .330 f 18-'54) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. PJvjs. ii. 1863, p. 269, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. i. fig. 4 (1866). Coronella decorata {non Giinth. 1858), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 18-59, p. 412. Dromicus brevirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 280, and 1871, p. 400. ■ undulatus, Peters, I. c. 1863, p. 281. Enicognathus treniolatus, Jan, II. cc. p. 272, 16, pi. ii. f. 4. Dromicus boursieri, Jan, Icon. Gen. 25, pi. ii. fig. 2 (1867). viperinus, Giinth. Ann. ^- Mai). N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 418. Lygophis nicagus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 132. Rhadinaea teniolata, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 154. Coronella whymperi, Boulvng. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (5) ix. 1882, p. 460, fig. ? Enicognathus joberti, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 146. Rhadinfea nicaga. Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 102. Coronella taeniolata, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 195. Snout very short ; rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, or a little broader, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one pros- and two postoculars; temporals l-|-2(rarely 2-|-2) ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 149-1 07 ; 81. EHADIN^A. 175 anal divided ; subcaudals 52-85. Length of tail 3 to 4| times in the total length. Brown above, -with a blackish vertebral streak or zigzag band, becoming indistinct on the anterior part of the body in the adult ; a black streak from the eye to the side of the neck, and another along each side of the tail ; upper labials yellowish, uniform or spotted with black, or blackish spotted with yellow ; a light, black-edged spot on each side of the nape, and ' usuallj' a pair of light dots close together on the parietals ; yellowish inferiorly, uniform or the edges of the ventrals blackish ; a black spot at the outer end of each ventral ; chin and throat usually dotted or spotted with black. Total length 410 millim. ; tail 135. Brazil, Ecuador, Giiiaua *. a-b. (S (V. 156 ; G. 66) & Millia-alli, Ecuador, E. Whvmper, Esq. [C.]. 2 (V. 1.54 ; C. ?) 6200 feet. (Types of C. whjmpen/) c. Hgr. (V. 165 ; C. 57). W. Ecuador. Mr. Eraser [C.]. d-e.Hgr. (V. 160, 101; Pebas. Mr. J. Hauxwell[C.]. C. 60, ?). (Types of D. viperinus.) 19. Eliadinaea melanauchen. Euicognathus melanaucLen, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. P/i i/s. ii. 186.3, p. 267, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. i. tig. 2 (1866). Eye rather small. Eostral much broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, nearly as long as the praifrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loi'eal square ; one pra3- and three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 148 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 60. Reddish brown above, with blackish cross bands ; a large blackish, white-edged transverse spot on the nape ; lips and chin white, speckled with black ; lower surface uniform white. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 95. Bahia. 20. Ehadinaea occipitalis. Coronella elegans (wow Tsck.), Giinth. Cat. p. 38 (1858). Enicogiiatlius occipitalis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 267, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. i. fig. 1 (1866). Dromicus (Lj'gophis) wuchereri, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1864, p. 225, fig. Liophis reginje, part., Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wien, Iv. 1867, p. 268. Dromicus miolepis, Bocttg. Zool. Anz. 1891, p. .395. lihadiuaga occipitalis, Bouleng. Ann. (§• May. N. H. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 347. * I have cxamiued a specimen from Cayenne, preserved in the Basle Museum. 176 COLUBRID^. Rostral broader than deep, scarcel}' visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, shorter than the pnef rentals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, and slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little deeper than long ; one prge- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 2 + 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 152-183; anal divided; subcaudals 61-86. Tail 3| to 4| times in the total length. Back olive-brown, with two alternating series of blackish, light-edged spots, which are largest and sometimes confluent into cross bands on the anterior part of the body, and may be lost altogether poste- riorly ; sides usually darker, sometimes blackish grey ; head brown above, with a blackish lateral streak, passing through the eyes, and a white line round the snout, along the canthus rostralis and supra- ciliary edge*; usually a pair of white dots close together on the parietals ; sometimes a pair of larger light spots on the occiput ; upper lip white ; belly white, with a lateral series of black dots, which may be confluent into a longitudinal line. Total length 475 miUim. ; tail 105. Brazil, Paraguay, North Argentina, Bolivia, Eastern Peru. a. § (V. 160; C. 66). Bahia. Dr. 0. Wucherer [P.]. (Type of D. ivuchereri). b. 2 (V. 183 : C. 64). Eio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. c. Yg. (V. 175 ; C. 08). Asunciou, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls (U.). d. (S (V. 178 ; C. ?). Candelaria, Argen- M. J. Bove [C] ; tina. Marquis G. DoriafP.]. e. S (V. 172; C. 73). Cashiboya, N.E. Mr. W. Davis [C. | ; Peru. Messrs. Veitch [P.]. /. d (V. 165; 0.70). Peru? 21. Rhadinaea decorata. Coronella decorata, GUnth. Cat. p. 35 (1858) ; Zool. Rec. 1866, p. 125, aw^ Biol. C.-Am.,Rupt. p. Ill (18U3). Diadophis decoratus, Cojye, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 250; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 624, pi. xl. tig. 3 (1886). Enicognathus vittatus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phijs. ii. 1863, p. 271, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. ii. fig. 2 (1866). BhadiniT^a decorata, Co2}e, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 101, and Jourii. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 138. Dromicus Ignitus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 201. Ehadinsea ignita. Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 140, and Proc. Amer. Philos. iSoc. xxxi. 1893, p. 344. Coronella ignita, GUnth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. Ill (1893). Eye moderate. Eostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the pr;e- frontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal square ; one or two prte- and two postoculars ; a small subocular may be present below the prfeocular ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five 81. RHADIN.SM.. 177 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin -shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 117-137 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 90-120. Length of the tail more than one third of the total. Pale brown above, with a yellowish black- edged streak along each side of the back, an oblique yellow black- edged streak on the outer border of the parietal, and a yellow black- edged spot on each side of the nape ; upper lip yellow, black-edged; sides darker than back ; yellow below, with or without a black spol or dot at the outer end of each ventral. Total length 410 millim. ; tail 180. Central America. «, b. r? (V. 128, 128; C. 120, ?). Mexico. M. Salle [C.]. (Types.) c-e. d" (V. 122; C.P), 2 (V.129; Atoyac. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.l ; C. 102), & hgr. (V. 122 ; C. ?). F. D. Godman, Esq. [PJ. 22. Ehadinaea vermiculaticeps. Tjeniophis vermiculaticeps. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 249. Rhadinaja vermiculaticeps, Co^^e, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 101. Coronella vermiculaticeps, Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Pept. p. Ill (180-3). Snout short, eye large ; frontal elongate ; loreal as deep as long ; one pra3- and two postoculars ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 117 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 79. yellowish brown above, with two deep brown dorsal streaks, sepa- rated by the width of one scale, diverging on the neck and extend- ing to the outer posterior angle of the supraocular shield ; another dark streak on each side of head and body, passing through the eye ; head brown above, vermiculated with yellowish ; labials whitish, narrowly edged with brown ; chin and belly yellowish while, each ventral with a deep brown dot at each end uear the posterior border. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 115. Veragua, Costa Rica. 23. Rhadinsea clavata. Dromicus clavatus, Peters, Man. Bcrl. Ac. 1864, p. 388 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 711, pi. xlv. fig. 2 (1890). Rostral visible from above ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 -|- 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 127 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 89. Pale brown above, with three dark longitudinal linos ; head brown above, with a dark longitudinal streak on the frontal, and a yellow line on each side beginning above the nostril and terminating club-shaped behind the eye ; a short yellowish-brown longitudinal band on each side of the nape ; labials yellowish white, edged above by a black line ; beneath yellow. Total length 240 millim. ; tail 87. Mexico. VOL. 11. N 1 i O COLTJBEID^. 24. Rhadinaea vittata. Enicognathus vittatus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 271, and Icon. Gen. 16, pi. ii. fig. 3 (1866) ; Bocourt, Miss. 8c. Mex., Rept. p. 630, pi. xli. fig. 1 (1886). Dromicus teniatus, Pete.-s, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 275 ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 113 (1894). Rhadinaea fulvivittis, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 139. tasniata, Cope, I. c. p. 140. Diadophis fulvivittis, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 158 (1883). Rhadinjea quinquelineata. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. 8oc. xxiii. 1866, p. 277. vittata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 80. Diadophis decoratus, Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xix. 1888, p. 127. Coronella quinquelineata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. Ill (1893). Dromicus omiltemamis, Giinth. I. c. p. 113, pi. xl. tig. B (1894). fulvivittis, Giinth. I. c. p. 113. Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as or a little longer than deep ; one prae- and two postoculars ; sometimes a small subocular below the jn'ae- ocular; temporals 1 + 2 or 1 + 1; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145-183; anal divided; subcaudals 88-132. Length of tail 3 to 3g times in the total length. Dark brown above, with two yellow longitudinal streaks commencing on the snout, or yellowish brown with three dark brown or black stripes ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 210. Mexico. A. A black dot at the outer end of each ventral. a^b. Hgr. 2 (V. 182, 183; City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. C. 106, 100). c, d-e. d" (V. 172 ; C. ?), La Cumbre de los Dr. A. C. Duller [C.]. 2 (V. 182 ; C. 88), & Arrastrados, Ja- vg. (V. 165; C. 106). lisco. /.Hgr. 2 (V. 153; C. Omilteme,Guerrero. F. D. Godman, Esq. 88). [P.]. (Type of D. omiltemanus.) g. Hgr. ii. "^/JTfp'/gt"""- ^'^^ ^«^- •''"•«^' P- l^^VpI. ii. fig. 6 (1789) ; ~^^. 27l790): ^""'"''''''^ ^^^y'^- ^^'^^•' Ophid. p. 31, pi. xxxvi. "tmTT' '^^""■"""' ^'^^^''^^^•^^- ^«'^^^- -S'^^^^/*. xvi. 1795, Natrix coronilla, 8chranck, Faun. Boica, i. p 091 n70SV A" •/ f i/«/iM, !'«««. Boka, iii. pi — (183-^) ' ^' ^ ^' -^"*'' '^ Coluber cupreu,s, Georgi, Beschr. Buss'. B. iii. p. 1884 (18001 • Pnl/ Zoogr. Boss.-As. iii. p. 45 (1811). U^WJ , ilrj//. 192 COLUBEID^. Coluber alpinus, Georr/i, I. c. ? Coluber ponticus, Georgi, I. c. Coluber gallicus, Herm. I. c. p. 281. caucasius, Pall. I. c. p. 46. CoroDella Isevis, £oie, Isis, 1827, p. 5-39 ; EichiP. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 175 (1831) ; Nordm. in Dcmid. Voy. Huss. Mer. iii. p. 350, Rept. pis. xii. & xiii. (1840) ; Bum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 610 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 14, pi. \i. fig. 4 (1866) ; Cooke, Our Rept. p. 53, pi. iv. (1865) ; Viaud-Grandm. Et. Serp. Vend. p. 12 (1868) ; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 177 (1872) ; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 145 (1876); Cambridge, Proc. Dorset N. H. Club, vii. 1886, p. 84, pi. vi.; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. ausBosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 622 (1894). Zacholus austriacus, Fitzing. Beitr. Lnndesk. Oesterr. i. p. 326 (1832) ; Bonap. Mem. Ace. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 431 ; Gliickselig, Lotos, i. 1851, p. 198. Coluber nebulosus, Menetr. Cat. Rais. p. 73 (18-32). Coronella Isevis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 65, pi. ii. figs. 12 & 13 (18.37). Zacbolus fitzingeri, Bonap. I. c. Isevis, Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 118 (1841). Coronella Isevis, vars. eaucasica et segyptiaca, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 2-38. austriaca, var. italica, Schreib. I. c. fig. laevis, var. leopardina, F. Miill. Verh. not. Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, p. 283. Snout obtuse or more or less prominent : rostral at least as deep as broad, more or less produced posteriorly between the internasals, the portion visible from above at least half as long (in some speci- mens quite as long) as its distance from the frontal, rarely separating the internasals, which are shorter than the praefrontals ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from tlie end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one (rarely two) prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2 + 3 (rarely 1 + 2) ; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye ; four (rarely three) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Yentrals 153-199 ; anal divided (rarely entire) ; subcaudals 42-70. Brown or reddish above, often with one or three lighter stripes, with small dark brown or brick- red spots usually disposed in pairs ; frequently two dark brown or brick-red stripes on the nape, usually conSuent with a large dark blotch on the occiput ; a dark streak on each side of the head, from the nostril to the angle of the mouth, passing through the eye, sometimes extending along each side of the neck ; lower parts red, orange, brown, grey, or blackish, uniform or speckled with black and white. Spec, u is pale brown above, with four black lines along the anterior part of the body, and two small, yellowish, dark- edged spots close together on the back of the head, separated by the parietal suture. Total length 720 miUim.; tail 140. Europe, as far north as 62|° (in Great Britain only in Hampshire and Dorsetshire, perhaps also in Surrey), Transcaucasia, Talysch Syria. CORONELLA. 193 a. S (V. 158; C. 61). b. Hgr. $ (V. 16.5;C.48). c. 6 (V. 154; C. 58). d-f. 6 (V. 153,163; C. 57, 54) & hgr. 5 (V. 177 ; C. 55). g. 6 (V. 154; C. 56). 'h. $ (V. 173 ; C. 45). i-l. 2 (V. 181, 174, 175 ; C. 51, 47, 54). m-n. c? (V. 161 ; C. 53) & 2 (V. 187; C. 45). o-q. $ (V. 178,185,184; C. 45, 47, 51). r. S (V. 170; C. 53). s. S (V. 165 ; C. 57). t. Yg. (V. 190 ; C. 51). u. 6 (V. 172 ; C. 47). V, iv-a, ^-y, S, €-C, Tj-i. c? (V. 175, 171, 175, 168, 168, 188; C. 57, 57, 54, ?, 58, 44), 2 (V. 187, 187, 18.3, 181 ; C. 61, .52, 49, 53), & vg. (V. 176,175,191,177; C. 60, 58, 51, ?). K. d" (V. 164 ; C. 62). \-v. d (V. 174: C. 56), 2 (V. 186; C. 50), & yg. (V. 190; C. 47). ^-o. d (V. 166; C. 54) & 2 (T. 189 ; C. 48). TT. 2 (V. 179; C. ?). p. Yg. (V. 161 ; C. 53). (T. Yg. (V. 167 ; C. 47). T. S (V. 166; C. 61). V. 2 (V. 177 ; C. 50). (p. Yg. (V. 168; C. 57). X. 2 (V. 177 ; C. 63). yj^. Yg. (V. 198 ; C. 44). o), aa. Skulls. Boiirnemoutb. Bourneiuoutli. Ringwood. Hampsbii'e. Hampshire. Argenton, Indre. HouSklize, Bel- gium. Hanover. Kahlenberg, near Brandis, Saxony. Walkmiihle, near Eisenberg, Al- tenburg. Jocketa, near Plau- en, Saxony. Saxony. Between Kierling and Weidling, near Vienna. Near Vienna. Admont, Upper Styria. Carintbia. Transylvania. Turin. Bologna. Ferrieare, Apen- nines. Oorunna. Pontevedra. Travnik, Bosnia. Saagdan, Kuban, Ciscaucasia. Tiflis. France. Lord A. Russell [P.]. Master J. L. Monk [P.]. F. Bond, Esq. [P.]. Zoological Society. F. Beckford, Esq. [P.]. M. R. Panitre [E.]. Mdlle. L. Ileger [P.]. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. Dr. W. Wolterstoi-ff [P.]. Dr. W. Wolterstorff [P.]. Dr. W. Wolterstorft" [P.]. Dr. A. B. Meyer [P.]. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. Hr. F. Henkel [E.]. Hr. F. Henkel [E.]. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. Count M. G. Peracca [P.]. Prof. J. J. Biancoui [P.]. Prof. G. B. Howes [P.]. M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. Dr. F. Werner [P.]. St.PetersburgMus. [E.]. St.PetersburgMus. [E.]. 2. Coronella amaliae. Rbinecbis amaliae, Bnetty. Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 570, and Ahh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 98, pi. i. tig. 1. Coronella amalia?, Boideng. Ann. <§• Mag. N. K. (6) iii. 1889, p. 305, and Tr, Zool. Soe. xiii. 1891, p. 144, pi, xviii. fig. 1. VOL. II. 0 194 COLUBEID^. Intprinediate between C. austnaca and C. r/ii-ondlca. Snout pro- minent ; rostral as deep as broad, produced between the internasals, the portion seen from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals one third the length of that between the prajfrontals ; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one proe- and two post- oculars; temporals 2 + 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields three fourths the length of the anterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 190-198 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 52-64. Grey-brown above, with reddish-brown spots and four rather indistinct dark longitudinal bands ; vertebral region light ; a pair of elongate dark brown spots on the nape ; a black streak on each side of the head, from the nostrU, through the eye, to the angle of the mouth ; a dark band between the eyes, crossing the prsefrontals ; a black line below the eye; lower parts coral-red, with quadrangular black spots. Total length 390 millim. ; tail 72. Morocco and Algeria. «-6. 2 (V. 193 ; C. 63) Benider Hills, near M. H. Vaucher [C.]. & yg. (V. 100 ; C. 64) . Tangier. 3. Coronella girondica. Coluber girondicus, Baud. Rept. vi. p. 432 (1803). meridionalis, Baud. vii. p. 158 (1803). viccwW, Meta.t a, M on. 8er p. Rom. p. 40, pi. — . figs. 3 & 4 (1823); Bo7iap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (18:^2). Coronella meridionalis, Boie^ Isis, 1827, p. 539. Coluber rubens, Gachet, Actes Son. Linn. Bord. iii. 1829, p. 255.] Coronella Isevis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serj). ii. p. 65 (1837). Zamenis riccioli, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 432. Coronella girondica, Dimi. ^ Bib?: vii. p. 612 (1854) ; Giinfh. Cat. p. 35 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 251, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. iii. figs. 1-3 (1866) ; Boettg. Ahh. Senck. Ges. ix. 1873, p. 150 : Schreib. Herp. Bur. p. 299 (1875) ; Be Betta, Faun. (Vital, Rett. Anf. p. 37 (1875) ; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 151 (1876) ; Bedriaga, Anlph. et Rept. de Portug. p. 65 (1889) ; Came- rano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Col. p. 64 (1891) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 145; Caruccio, Boll. Soc. Rom. i. 1892, p. 55; Eo- lombatovic, N. Nadod. Kralj. Balm. p. 12 (1893). riccioli. Be Betta, Mem. Ace. Vero?ia, xxxv. 1857, p. 191, and Atti 1st. Ven. (3) xiii. 1868, p. 921. Isevis, var. hispauica, Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. x. 1869, p. 65. Snout scarcely prominent ; rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; suture between the internasals not more than half as long as that between the pra^frontals ; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prge- and two postoculars; temporals 2-|-3 or3-f3; eight upper labials, fourth 88. COEONELLA. 195 and fifth entering the eye ; four lower hxbials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 (rarely 10) rows. Vontrals 170-200 ; anal divided ; subcaiidals 55-72. Erown, greyish, or reddish above, with dark brown or blackish transverse spots or bars ; a pair of elongate blackish spots or a U-shaped mark on the nape ; a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth, and a dark band between the eyes, crossing the prsefrontals ; a black line below the eye ; lower parts yellowish or red, with quadrangular black spots or with two black longitudinal bands or series of spots. Total length 620 millim. ; tail 125. South of France, Italy, Pyrenean Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria. a. c? (V. 186 ; C. 65). IMontpellier. b. 2 (V. 196; C. 56). Maritime Alps. Count M. G. Peracca [P.]. c Ilgr. 2 (V. 183; 0.61). Genoa. Count M. G, Peracca [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 194 ; C. 59). Ferrieare,Apeunines. Prof. G. B. Howes [P.]. e. d (V. 185; C. 64). Pisa. Prof. Delia Torre [E.l. f. 2 (V. 194; C. 68). Italv. Prof. J.J.BiaiicomLP.J. ff-h. cJ (V. 187 ; C. 65) Seri-a de Gerez, Dr. Gadow [0.]. & vg. (V. 190 : C. 58). Portugal. i S (V. 180 ; C. 67). Coimbra. Dr. J. L. Vieira [P.]. k. 2 (V. 191 ; C. 64). Morocco. M. Curty [C.]. H^ron- l. Skull. Montpellier. Koyer Collection. 4. Coronella semiornata. Coronella semiornata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 622 ; Gibith. Cat. p. 39 (1858) ; Peters, Meise n. Mossamb. in. p. 116, pi. xvii. fig. 2 (1882). Zameuis fischeri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 777. Coronella inornata, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. A?ist. i. 1884, p. 6, pi. i. fig. 2. plumbiceps, Boettc/. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 117. Snout not prominent ; rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prasfrontals : frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than tha parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one proeocular, reaching or nearly reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2 + 3 (rarely 1 + 2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye : four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 176-234 ; anal divided : subcaudals 63-88. Olive-brown above, with black transverse lines on the anterior portion of the body ; these lines indistinct or broken up in the adult ; upper lip and prse- and yiostoeulars yellowish ; ventrals yellowish, uniform or edged with black. Total length 010 millim. ; tail 150. East Africa. o2 196 COLUBEID^. A. Head olive above. a. cJ (V. 185; C. 83). E. Africa. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. b. Yg. (V. 186; C. 86). Coast of Zanzibar. B. Head black above. c. Yg. (V. 189 ; C. 87).' Mombasa. D. J. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 5. Coronella coronata. Calamaria coronata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 46 (1837). Coronella (Meizodon) bitorquata, Gimth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 428, fig. coronata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 254, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1866). Mizodon coronatus, Steind. Sitzb. Akad. Wien, ixii. i. 1870, p. 332. Meizodon bitorquatum, Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 332. Snout scarcely prominent. Eostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep ; one prte- and two post- oculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the ej'e ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posteiior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 180-205 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 63-75. Olive above, which colour extends to the outer ends of the ventrals ; a black band across the occiput, another across the nape ; a black spot on the loreal region and another on each side of the neck ; the space between the black bands and spots yellowish ; belly yellowish. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 115. West Africa. a. Yg. (V. 205 ; C. 75). Senegal. (Tvpe of C. bitorquata.) b. $ (Y. 188; C. 68). McCarthy Island. Officers of the Chatham c. d" (V. 180 ; C. 70). W. Africa. Museum [P.]. 6. Coronella regularis. Meizodon regularis, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Hamh. iii. 1856, p. 112, pi. iii. fig. 3 ; Giinth. Cat. p. 250 (1858) ; Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 614. Coryphodon margaritiferus, Giinth. Cat. p. 109. Coronella (Meizodon) regularis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 428, fig. ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 15, pi. iii. figs. 2 & 3 (1866) ; Fischer, Oster- Progr. Ak. Gymn. Humh. 1883, p. 15. elegans, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 255. Yery closely allied to the preceding. Diff'ers in the rather shorter frontal shield, the presence of five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, and in the coloration. Dark olive, each scale black in the centre and with a white dot ; three black bands across 88. CORONELLA. 197 the head, separated by narrow pale lines and followed by one or more black bauds across the uape ; lips and gular region yellowish ; lower parts whitish, the borders of the shields blackish. West Africa. a. Yg. (V. 187 ; C. 58). W. Africa. Sir .T. Eichardson [P.]. (Type of Coryphodon maryaritiferus.) 7. Coronella getula. Coluber getulus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 382 (1766) ; Cateshy, Nat. Hist. Carol, pi. lii. (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 314, pi. Ixxvii. fig, 1 (1803) ; Harl. Journ. Ac. Philnd. v. 1827, p. 358, and Med. P/n/s, J?M. p. 122 (18.35) ; DeKai/, N. Y. Faun. iii. p. 37, pi. x. %.'21 (1842) ; Gdnth. Cat. p. 249 (1858). .'' rioliiber eximius, Harl. II. cc. p. .360. Coluber (Opbis) californise, Blainn. N. Ann. Mas. iv. 1835, p. 292, pi. xxvii. tig. 1. Herpetodryas getulus, lichleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 198 (18-37). Coronella getulus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 95, pi. xxi. (1842) ; Dwn. 4" Bibr. vii. p. 616 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 244, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. vi. & 14, pi. v. (1865). sayi, Holbr. I. e. p. 99, pi. xxii. ; Diun. Sf Bibr. p. 619; G'dnth. Cat. p. 41 ; Jan, II. cc. Ophibolus boylii, Baird ^ Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 82 (1853). splendidus, Baird v^ Gir. I. c. p. 83. savi, Baird Sf Gir. I. c. p. 84, and in Marcy's Eaplor. Red Riv. p. 228, pi. vii. (1853). getulus, Baird Sf Gir. I. c. p. 85 ; Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 37 (1875) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 68, pi. v. figs. 3 & 4 (1883); Co))e, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 611 ; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 297 ; Hay, Batr. ^ Rept. Indiana, p. 110 (1893). Coronella balteata. Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 226, and R'p. E.vphr. Surv. R. R. x. pt. 4, pi. v. (1857). California?, Dam. ^ Bibr. p. 623. Lampropeltis sayi, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 254 splendida, Cope, I. c. p. 255. getula. Cope, I. c. boylii, Cope, I. c. boj'lii, var. conjuncta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1801, p. .301. Coronella pseudogetulus, Jan, II. cc. p. 247, Icon. 12, pi. vi. fig. 2. Ophibolus califoruiae, Cb/>e, Chech-list, p. 37. getulus niger, eiseni, multicinctus, Yarroio, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mm. V. 1882, p. 438. Snout slightly prominent ; rostral about once and a half as broad 'as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third [its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals about half as long as that between the praefrontals ; frontal considerably longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper than 'long, or longer than deep, sometimes absent; one pr^e- and two I (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2 + 3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or 198 coLTJBEiDa:. longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 (rarely 19) rows, Tcntrals 198-240 ; anal entire ; subcauJals 41-65. Dark brown or black above, with yellow or white markings ; labials and lower parts black and white or black and yeUow. Total length 1780 millira. ; tail 200. North America. A. Above with small yellow spots or narrow yellow transverse bands restricted to the back. (C. sayi.) a. S (Sc. 19 ; V. 209 ; C. 39). Indiana. h. 6 (^c. 21 ; V. 211 ; C. 46). Arkansas. c. $ (Sc. 21 ; V. 216 ; C. 45). Louisiana. d. e-f. $ (Sc. 21 ; V. 207 ; C. 49) New UrLans. M. Salle [C.]. & vg. (Sc. 21, 21 ; V. 201, 198 ; C.'50, 53). «/. cJ (Sc. 23; V.218; C. 53). Duval County, W. Taylor, Esq. Te.\as. [C.]. /;, i. S (Sc. 21 ; V. 209; C. 64) Texas. & $ (Sc. 21 ; V. 206 ; C. 50). A-. SkuU. New Orleans. B. Above with yellow transverse bands connected with their fellows on the sides. (C getula.) a. Hgr. (Sc. 21 ; V. 210 ; C. 39). District of Columbia. Smithsonian Inst. h~d. d (Sc. 23 ; V. 216 ; C. 52), Marion Co.,Florida. A. Erwin Brown, 2 (Sc. 23; V. 218; C. ?), & Esq. [P.]. hgr. (Sc. 23; V. 214; C. 47). e,f. (S (Sc. 21 ; V. 217 ; C. 50) N. America. &yg. (Sc.21; V.2]1;C.50). C. More or less complete whitish annuli round the body, widening on the belly. (C. calif oriiue, C. hoylii.) a. c? (Sc. 23: V. 225; C. 56). Camp Taylor, Prof. C. Eigen- Marion Co., Cal. maun [C.]. b-d. c? (Sc. 23; V. 228 : C. 46), San Die^o, Cali- Christiauia Mus. 2 (Sc. 23 ; V. 235; C. 54), & fornia.'" yg. (Sc. 23; V. 226; C. 54). e. Yg. (Sc. 23; V, 228; C. 64). California. Smithsonian Inst. /. Yg. (Sc.21; V. 218; C. 55). Cahfornia. Lord Walsing- ham [P.]. 8. Coronella calligaster. Coluber calligaster, Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 359, and Med. Fht/s. lies. p. 122 (1835). guttatus {11071 X.), ^Sckleff. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 168 (1837). Coronella rhombomaculata, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. lOo, pi. xxiii. (1812) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 243, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. ii. figs. 1 & 2 (1806). Ophibolus rhombomaculatus, Baird ^ Gir. Cat. N. Am. Eept. p. 86 (1853). Ablabes triangulum, var. calligaster. Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 244. 88. COKONELLA. 199 Ophiljolus evansii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 99. Lampropeltis calligaster, Cupe, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18(J0, p. '2'io. rhombomaculata, Cojie, I. c. ; Stejneyer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mas. xiv. 1891, p. 50.3. Coronella evansii, Jan, II. cc. p. 243, fio'. 3. " tigriua, Jan, Arch. Zuol. Anat. Phys. ii. p. 244. Ophibolus callig-aster, Cope, C/ieck-list N. Am. Re]}t. p. 37 (187.5), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 610; //. Garm. Bidl. IlUn. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 293. triaugulus, vars. calligaster et rhombomaculatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. pp. 6(3 & 156 (1883). Ej-e small. Snout scarcely prominent. Ptostral about once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; suture between the interiiasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal con- siderably longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pne- and two postoculars ; temporals l-t-2 or 2-|-3 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 to 25 rows. Yentrals 192-213 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 40-52. Pale brown above, with large, transverselj' elliptic, dark, black-edged spots on the back and an alternating series of smaller ones along the side ; a pair of elongate dark spots or bands on the nape, and a dark oblique streak behind the eye ; red inferiorly, with brown spots. Total length 790 millim. ; tail 110. North America east of the liocky Mountains, as far north as Virginia. a. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 210 ; C. 49). Missouri. Smithsonian Institution [P.]. b. Yg. (Sc. 21 ; V. 199 ; C. 49). Florida. Dr. Guillemard [P.]. c. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 204; 0. 40j. N. America. Dr. Kiippell. 9. Coronella leonis. Coronella leonis, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 110, pi. xxxix. fig. A (1893). Snout longer and eye larger than in C. triangulum. Eostra twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals about two thirds the length of that between the prae- frontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 2-|-3 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows. Yentrals 200 ; anal entire ; sub- caudals 51. Grey above, with a dorsal series of oo-shaped red, black-edged spots ; a r^\-shaped marking on the nape ; a black blotch with red centre on the frontal and another on each parietal 200 COLUBEID^, and a small oblique black spot on the temple ; bell}' yellowish, with a few black blotches ; an interrupted black stripe along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 610 millim. ; tail 95. Nuevo Leon, North Mexico. a. 2 (V. 200; C. 61). N.Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 10. Coronella triangulum. Coluber triangulum, Daud. liept. vi. p. 322 (180.3). _ ■ eximius (noii Harl.), Holbr. N. Am. TIerp. iii. p. 69, pi. xv. (1842) ; DeEay, N. Y. Faun. iii. p. 38, pi. xii. fig. 25 (1842) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 91 (1858). Pseudoelaps Y, Berth. Ahh. Ges. Wiss. Gotting. i. 1843, p. 67, pi. i. figs. 11 & 12. Opliibolus eximius, Baird 8( Gir. Cat. N. Am. Bept. p. 87 (1853). clericus, Baird S^' Gir. I. c. p. 88. Ablabes triangulum, Dum. 8f Bibr. vii. p. 315 (1854) ; Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 244. Lampropeltis triangiila, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 256. Coronella eximia, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 242, and Icon. Gin. 17, pi. i. fig. 3 (1866). doliata (typica), Jan, II. cc. p. 241, Icon. 14, pi. iv. fig. A (1865) ; Bocourt, Miss. So. Me.v., Bept. p. 609, pi. xxxix. fig. 2 (1886). Opbibohis doliatus triangulum, Cope, Check-list M. Am. Bept. p. 4 (1875^ ; and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 381 (1889), and Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1067, pi. xxiv. tig. 1. triangulus, Garm. N. Am. Bept. p. 65, pi. v. fig. 1 (1883) ; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 295. ■ doliatus parallelus, clericus, et collaris, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 383, & xiv. 1892, p. 608, and Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1067, pis. xxiv., XXV., & xxvii. doliatus temporalis, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1068, pi. xxv. fig. 4. doliatus, IIay,Batr. ^ Bept. Indiana, p. 107 (1893). Snout not prominent ; rostral twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; suture between the iuternasals one third to two thirds the length of that between the prsefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as long or little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prse- and two postoculars; temporals 2 + 2, 2 + 3, or, rarely, 1 +2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 (rarely 19) rows. Tentrals 184-214; anal entire ; subcaudals 43-55. Above with large brown or red, black-edged, elliptic, transverse spots separated by narrow yellowish or greyish cross bars, which widen towards the abdomen ; a lateral series of smaller spots, alternating with the dorsals ; a black oblique streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; often one or two small light spots on the parietal suture behind the frontal ; lower parts white, usually largely spotted with black. 88. COROXELLA. 201 Total leng(-,h TOO millim. ; tail 120. North America east of the Mississippi. A. A light V- or Y-shaped markiDg on the occiput. ( C. triangulum.) a. cJ (V. 207 ; C. 50). Canada. Chatham Mus. b-c. 2 (V. 198; C. 52) & Bloom ington, Indiana. C. II. Bollman, Esq. vg. (V. 196 ; C. 4.3). [C.l. d-'e: Ilgr. (V. 197 ; C. 46) New York. Mr. J. Murray [P.]. & yg. (V. 190 ; C. 47). /•. Yg. (V. 206; C. 53). N.America. E. Douhleday, Esq. [P.]. g, h, i, k. S (V. 195 ; C. N. America. 49), 2 (V.193; C.49), hgr. (V. 202 ; C. 51), & yg. (V.202; C. 51). B. A light transverse collar behind the parietals. (Var. collaris, Cope.) a. Ilgr. (V. 195 ; C. 45). N. America. G. Henshaw, Esq. [P.]. h. Hsv. (V. 198 ; C. 46). N. America. Dr. Jacob Green [P.]. <;■. Hgr. (Y. 189; C. 51). N. America. This variety connects 0. triangulum with C. geniilis and C. doliata. 11. Coronella gentilis. Ophibolus doliatus, Baird ^- Gir. Cat. K. Am. Rept. p. 89 (1853) ; Diiffes, La Natura/eza, iii. 1875, p. 222, pi. — • (?) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mim. xiv. 1892, p. 608. gentilis, Baird Sf Gir. I. c. p. 90, and Marcj/^s Explor. Red Rio. p. 229, pi. viii. (18.53). Coronella doliata, part., Dum.'^ Bibr. vii. p. 621 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 41 (1858). dohata, Halloio. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 247; Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Curol. xxxii. i. 1865, p. 99. Lampropeltis doliata. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 256. annulata, Coije, I. c. p. 257. multistiiata, Kennicntt, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 328 ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mtis. xiv. 1891, p. 502. annulata. part., Ketmicott, I. c. p. 329. Coronella doliata, var. gentilis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anaf. Phi/x. ii. 1863, p. 241, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. i. fig. 2 (1866) ; Bocourt,' Miss. Sc. Me.i:, Rept. p. 610, pi. xxxix. fig. 5 (1886). Ophibolus doliatus coccineus, gentilis, annulatus, et doliatus, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. pp. 4, 36 (1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mui. xi. 1888, p. 381, and Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1067, pis. xxvi. & xxviii. multistratus, Cojye, Check-list. p. 37. trians^ulus, vars. mexicauus (?), doliatus, et gentilis, Garman, N. Am.^Rept. p. 66 (1883). doliatus svspvlus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 383, atid Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1067, pi. xxvii. fig. 1. ? Coronella mexicana, Giinth. Biol. C.-Aiu., Rept. p. 110 (1893). Snout slightly prominent : rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third 202 COLUBRID-E. its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals much shorter than that between the prasfroutals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prae- aud two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 or 2 + 3; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are usually longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 179-210 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 44-53. Scarlet, with pairs of black rings enclosing a yellow one ; these rings may be interrupted on the belly, and the black nuchal band never extends across the throat ; the greater part of the upper surface of the head black. Total length 490 millim. ; tail 80. Southern United States, North Mexico. o-/. c? (V.191, 188; C.52, New Orleans. M. Salle [C.]. 49), 2 (V. 191, 202; C. 46, 50), & hgr. (V. 188, 191 ; C. 53, 52). g. Hgr. (V. 188 ; C. 48). Texas. h. Hgr. (V. 179; C. 49). N. America. Sir R. Murchison [P.]. 12. Coronella zonata. Coluber (Zacholus) zonatus, Blainv. N. Ann. Mus. iv. 1835, p. 293. Ophibolus pyromelanus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Fkilad. I8ti6, p. 305. pyrrhooielas, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 37 (1875) ; Yarrow, Wheelers Rep. Explor. Surv. W. lOOt.h Mer. v. pi. xix. (1875) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Aat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. GIO. Bellopbis zonatus, Lockmgton, Proc. Cal. Acad. vii. 1877, p. 52. Coronella multifasciata, Bocourt, Miss. &c. Mex., Rept. p. GIG, pi. xl. fig. 2 (1886). Body compressed in its posterior half. Snout slightly prominent ; rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above hardh' one third its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefroutals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from tlie end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep (rarely absent) ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eje ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 (or 23) rows. Centrals obtusely angulate laterally, 198-224 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 45-66. Scarlet, with pairs of blacks rings enclosing a yellow one ; these rings very numerous (47-55) and close together on the pos- terior half of the body, where the red interspaces are scarcely wider than the yellow rings or may disappear altogether : head black anteriorly, yellow poi^tcrior]y ; a black band across the nape, not extending to the throat. I 88. CORONELLA, 203 Tof-al Icnn^th 780 millim. ; tail 125. Arizona auJ California. a. $ (V. 209; C. 60). Sta. Cruz, Califoruia. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 13. Coronella micropholis. Coronella doliata, part., Dinn. S)- Bibr.Vn. p. 621 (18-j4) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 41 (1858). Lampropeltis micropholis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 257. pohzona, Cope, I. c. p. 258. amaura, Cope, I. c. Coronella formosa, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anaf. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 241, and Icon. Gen. 14, pi. iv. tig. B (1865) ; Bocourt, Miss. So. Me.v., liept. p. 612, pi. xxxix. tig. a (1886). doliata, var. conj uucta, Jan, II. cc. p. 242, fig. C ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 611, fig. 6. doliata, var. formosa, Boideng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 44. Opbibolus polyzonus, Sumichrast, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 181. triaugulus, var. zonatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 67 (1883). Coronella formosa, vars. anomala, oligozona, polyzona, et abnorma, Bocourt, I. c. figs. 4, 7, 8. Ophibolus doliatus polyzonus, occipitalis, et annulatus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 382, and Am. Nat. 1893, p. 1067, pi. xxviii. fig. 1. Lampropeltis annulata, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mtis. xiv. 1891, p. 503. Coronella annulata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 109, pi. xxx^iii. (1893). Snout slightly prominent ; rostral about once and a half as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring one third to two thirds its distance from the frontal ; suture between the inter- nasals shorter than that between the prajfrontals : frontal as long as or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals : loreal usually longer than deep ; one proe- and two postoculars ; temporals 2-\-2 or 2 + 3 (exceptionally 1+2); seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourtla (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 (exceptionally 19 or 25) rows. Yentrals obtusely angulate laterally, 2U4-240 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 46-60. Scarlet, usually with pairs of black rings enclosing yellow ones ; the red scales may be tipped with black ; head black above, usually with a continuous or interrupted yellow band across the snout and another across the occiput; the first black ring usually extends across the throat. Total length 1370 millim. ; tail 170. America, from Texas and Mexico to the Equator. 204 COLl'BRID^. A. Anuuli separated by broad red interspaces ; the red scales not tipped with black. a. Yg. (So. 21 ; V. 221 ; Mazatlan. Hr. A. Ferrer [C.]. C. 58). b. $ (So. 21; v. 215; Presidio, nr. Ma- Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. C. 53). zatlan. c-e. c? (So. 23 ; V. 230 ; Tres Marias Ids. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. C. .50) &yg. (Sc. 2.3, 23; V. 232, 231 ; C. 57, 56). /. $ (Sc. 21 ; V. 215 ; C. 62). Mezquital del Dr. A. C. BuUer [C.]. Oro, Zacatecas. n. 2 (Sc. 23; Y. 228; Para. J. P. G. Smith, Esq. ■ C.59). [P.]. E. Annuli separated by broad red interspaces, the scales of which are tipped with black. a. S (Sc. 21 ; V. 231 ; C. ?). City of Mexico. b. d (Sc. 21 ; V. 218 ; C. 55J. Tierra Colorado Guerrero. Mr. Doorman [C.]. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]: F. D. Godman, Esq [P.]. c. Yg. (Sc. 21; V. 209; Amula, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith [C] C. 50). d. Hgr. (5 (Sc. 21 ; V. 229 ; Huatuzco. C. 59). e-f. Hgr. (Sc. 25 ; V. 231 ; Teapa, Tabasco. C. 5'6) & yg. (Sc. 23; V. 227 ; C. 61). ,/. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 213; Yucatan. C. 49). h. 2 (Sc. 21 ; V. 230 ; C. ?). S. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq, [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq [P.]. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Mr. AVarwick [C.]. i-k. d (Sc. 21; V. 228; Mexico. C. 58) & hgr. (Sc. 23 ; V. 226 ; C. 49). /, m-n. d (Sc. 23, 21'; V. 224, Mexico. Mr. H. Finck [C.]. 221 ; C. 5.5, 54)' & hgr. (Sc.21; V. 223; C. 51). o. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 230; Belize. Dr. Giinther [P.]. C. 56). p-q. Yg. (Sc. 23, 23 ; V. 228, Duefias, Guate- 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 226 ; C. 56, 50). mala. r. Hgr. $ (Sc. 19 ; V. 230 ; Irazu, Costa C. 51). Kica. s. Yg. (Sc. 19; V. 232; Cliiriqui. C. 63). t d (Sc. 21; V. 231 C. ?). F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. G. Champion, Esq. [C] ; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. C. Black rings irregular ; belly black. a. Hgr. $ (Sc. 21 ; V. 204 ; Mexico. C. 51). Mr. Warwick [C.]. 88. COEONELLA. 205 D. Black, with yellow rings, the red colour appearing on each side as rounded spots. a. Yg. (So. 21; V. 218; Tehuantepec. C. 47). E. Ked above, each scale tipped with black, the rings reduced to mere traces here and there. a. Hgr. (So. 23; V. 218; Yucatan. C. 55). F. Almost uniform black, with very indistinct traces of the light annuli. «. c? (So. 21; V. 225; C. 51). Irazu, Costa F. D. Godinan, Esq. Kica. [P.]. 14. Coronella doliata. Coluber doliatus, Lifin. S. N. i. p. 379 (1760) ; Jlarl. Jown. Ac. Philad. Y. 1827, p. 302, and Phya. 3Ied. Res. p. 125 (1835). doliatus, part., Daud. Sept. vii. p. 74 (1803). duoifi'isiensis, Sowerby, Brit. Misc. p. 5, pi. iii. (1804). Corouella eoccinea, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 57 (1837) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1803, p. 239, and Icon. Gen. 17, pi. i. fig. 1 (1866) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 608, pi. xxxix. tig. 1 (1886). doliata, Hulbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 105, pi. xxiv. (1842). Calamaria elapsoidea, Holhr. I. c. p. 119, pi. xxviii. Osceola elapsoidea, Baird ^ Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 133 (1853), and Rej}. U.S. Sttrv. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xx.xiii. fig. 97 (1859) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 600. Lampropeltis eoccinea, Cojie, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1800, p. 257. Ophibolus dohatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 64, pi. v. fig. 2 (1883) ; H. Garm. Bull, lllin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 298. elapsoideus, H. Garm. I. c. Snout much depressed, slightly promineut ; rostal once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal ; suture between the inter- nasals shorter than that between the pr^efrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually absent ; one praj- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye : four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 161-180 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 81-54. Head and body scarlet, with pairs of black rings enclosing each a white one ; the first white ring on the nape ; these rings may be interrvipted on the ventral surface. Total length 230 millim. ; tail 35. South-eastern United States. a. $ (Sc. 17 ; V. 161 ; C. 42). N. America. E. Doubledaj, Esq. [r.]. 206 COLUBRID^. 15. Coronella brachynra. Zameiiis brachj'urus, GiinfJi. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 186G, p. 27, pi. vi. fig. A. ; Blanf. Joiirn. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 372 ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 176 ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 171 (1876). Coronella brachyura, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 309 (1890). Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefroutals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one prgeocular : two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin -shields, which are slight!}' longer than the posterior ; the latter widely separated from each other by three series of scales. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 213-223 ; anal entire ; subcandals 46-53. Olive-brown above, with rather indistinct light variegations on the anterior half of the body ; lower surface whitish. Total length 445 millim. ; tail 55. Deccan. «. 2 (V. 223; C. 46). Poonali. Dr. Leith [P.]. (Type.) 16. Coronella punctata. Cnluber piirictatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 376 (1766) ; Dnud. Rept. vii. p. 178 (1803) ; Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 354, and Med. Phys. Res. p. 117 (18.35) ; f? lS- Gir. N. Am. Rept. p. 112(1853); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 250 ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 263, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. vi. %. 1 (1866); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 72, pi. ii. fig. 2 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.r., Rept. p. 618, pi. xl. fig. 1 (1886) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 617 ; H. Garm. Bull. lUin. Lah. iii. 1892, p. 300. Ablabes punctatus, Dum. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 310 (1854) : Giinth. Cat. p. 28 (1858). occipitalis, Giinth. I. c. p. 29. Diadophis occipitalis. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 250. punctatus, var. pallidus, Cope, I. c. ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 621. s, Cope, /. c. p. 251. Snout not prominent ; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pra^frontals ; frontal a little longer than its dis- tance from the end of the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long ; two (rarely one) prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, or eight, fourth 88. COEOXELLA. OQV and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chm-shiclds, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in lo rows Ventrals 136-160 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 36-6'? Dark grey above with the upper lip and a nuchal collar yellow and b ack-edged ; yellow or orange inferiorly, each ventral with a small black spot at its outer extremity. Total length 360 millim. ; tail 6.5. North America, east of the Eocky Mountains ; Mexico. A. A median row of black spots along the belly. ''Xl'^:U9]-C%f "" ^i2''^^-^- Messrs. BrinileytCJ. d 9 !v 15 ' r S Wisconsin. hristiania Museum. d. ^ (V. ]ol ; C. 40). Imited States. e. 2 (V. 149 ; C. 41). Mexico. (Type of A. occipitalis^ B. ^Q black spots along the middle of the belly. Canada. A.lg. (V. 159; C.51). Delaware. E. Doubleday, Esq. 1. 2 (V. 160 ; C. 47). Bloomington, In- C. Bollman, Esq. [0.1. -t. cJ (V. 155 ; C. 58). 17. Coronella amabilis. Diadophis amabilis, 5a//Y/ ^ G^iV. Cat. N. Am Bent n llSHR-.q^ ana Re,. U.SSur.. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xx.^SJ fil.' 83 ( S?.' Cope, Proa. U.S. Nat. Hf?f.s. xiv. 1892, p. 615 ^ ' docilis, Baird ^- Gir. II. cc. p. 114, fig 84 —-pulchelli^, Baird Sr Gir. ILcc. p. 115, fig. 85; Cooper, Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii. p. 302 (1860). o ' / > ^■'■p- 25^0°''^''*"'' ^''^' ^*''^^°8'''°y®' ^"P"' Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, texensis, Kennicoft, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p 3'>8 P"nctatus var. amabilis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys ii 1868 V.2bo, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1866); Garm N Am Rept p. 159 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., rL p 6^0 mm . H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p 300 ^ ^ ' ' — - punctatus, var docilis, Jan, II. cc. fig. 2 ; Garm. I. c. p 7--^- Bocotirf, I.e.]). 619. <-• p. /-, riiiiad. 1BS3, p. 27 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 620. Differs from the preceding in the more elongate body, the ven- trals numbering 182 to 210, and the subcaudals 53 to 63. Dark ^rev or blackish above, with a yellow nuchal collar ; belly and the scales of the «"ter row orange usually with numerous round black spots. iotal length 470 millim. ; tail 80. ^ United States west of the Mississippi. 208 COLUBRID^. a. c? (V. 194; C. 59). San Diego, Cali- Prof. C. Eigenmann fornia. [C.]. 6. 5 (V. 210; C. 58). San Bernardino, Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. California. c. Hgr. (V. 195 ; C. 54). Santa Cruz, Cali- Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. fornia. d. 2 (V. 205; C. 62). Upper Sacramento Mr. Gruber [C.]. River Valley. e. c? (V. 196; C. 63). California. LordWalsingham [P.]. /. 2 (V. 198 ; C. 53). California. Christiauia Museum. 18, Coronella regalis. Diadopliis regalis, Baird ^ Gir. Cat. N. Am. Hept. p. 115 (185.3), and Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xxxiii. fig. 86 (1859), and Rep. U.S. Me.v. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept. pi. xix. fig. 2 (1859) ; Gm-7n. N. Am. Rept. p. 73 (1883) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 12, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 615. arnyi, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 99. ? Diadopliis docilis, Kennicott, in Baird, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Rejjt. p. 22, pi. xxi. fig. 3 (18.59). Diadophis punctatus, v.ir. arnyi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 205, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. vi. fig. 5 (1866) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.T.,Rept. p. 622 (1886) ; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 302. punctatns, var. Ifetus, Jan, II. cc. fig. 6 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 622, pi. xl. fig. 4. Liophis (Diadopliis) arnyi, Gi'mth. Ann. S)- Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 413. Diadophis punctatus, var. dougesii, Villada, La Naturaleza, iii. 1875, p. 226, pi. -. punctatus, vars. modestus et regalis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 623. texensis, Garni. Bull. Es.se.v Inst. xix. 1888, p. 127. Liophis regalis, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 108 (1893). Isetus, Giinth. I. c. Distinguished from C. jiunctata and C. amabilis by having 17 rows of scales. Yentrals 183 to 237 ; subcaudals 56 to 77. Tem- porals 1 4- 1 or 1 -t- 2. Olive-brown, bluish grey, or blackish above, with or without a yellow uuchal collar ; belly yellow or orange, with numerous black spots. Total length 490 millim. ; tail 100. From Illinois and Kansas to Mexico. a. cJ (V. 183 ; C. 56). City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. 89. HYPSIGLENA. Hvpsiglena, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 246, a,id Proc. U.S. Nat. 'Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 617. Pseudodipsas, Peters, Mon. Bcrl. Ac. 18C0, p. 521. Comastes, Jan, Blaico sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). Maxillary teeth 12 to 16, the two posterior strongly enlarged and separated from the rest by an interspace ; mandibular teeth 89. HYPSIGLENA. 2l l9 snbequal. Head distinct from neck ; eye rather small, with verti- cally elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical : scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; sub- caudals in two rows. Southern parts of Xorth America, Central America, Venezuela. S)/nopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals 39-55. A. Scales in 21 rows ; usually a subocular below the praeocular. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal 1. ochvorliynchus, p. 209. Rostral nearlj- twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal 2. torquata, p. 210. B. Scales in 19 rows ; no subocular . . 3. q^m's, p. 210. II. Subcaudals 80-93. Scales in 19 rows 4. discolor, p. 211, Scales in 21 rows ; body cylindrical .. 5. hitifasciata, -p. 2]], Scales in 21 rows ; body feebly com- pressed 6. ornata, p. 21 1. 1. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus. Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 246 ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 80 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Miis. xiv. 1892, p. 617 ; Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 204 (1893). chlorophsea. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 246 ; Stejneger, I. c. texana, Stejyieger, I. c. p. 205. torquata, var., Gilntk. Biol. C.-Am., Rejit. p. 137 (1894). Snout conical, prominent. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its dis- tance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parictals ; loreal longer than deep; one praeocular, usually with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 J-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye : four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 167-175; anal divided; subcaudals 41-.55. Grey or pale buff above, with a dorsal scries of large transverse dark brown or blackish spots and two alternating series of smaller spots on each side ; three elongate dark blotches on the nape, the lateral ones produced forwards as a lateral streak, which passes through the eye and is white-edged beneath ; upper surface VOL. II. p 210 COLUBRID^. of head and lips finely dotted with dark hrown ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 225 millim. ; tail 57. Lower California, California, Arizona, Texas, North Mexico. a-b. 2 (V. 172, 171; C. Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.] 41, 43). c. c? (V. 168; C. 45). Nuevo Leon, Mexico. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.] 2. Hjrpsiglena torquata. Leptodira torquata, Giinth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (3) v. 1860, p. 170 pi. X. fig. A ; Peters, Mon. Bed. Ac. 1860, p. 621. Comastesquincunciatus, t/fm, jBfcwco, p. 102 (1863), and Icon. Gen. 38 pi. i. fig-. 1 (1871). Ilypsiglena torquata. Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 78 torquata, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 137 (1894). Snout rounded, obtuse. Eostral nearly twice as broad as deep the portion visible from above one fourth to one third as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prasfrontals frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a Httle longer than its distance from the end of the snout much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prse- ocular, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 169-174 ; anal divided; subcaudals 41-55. Greyish or pale brown above, with a dorsal or two alter- nating dorsal series of large dark brown spots separated by yellowish interspaces ; sides with two or three alternating series of small dark brown spots ; a large dark brown blotch on the nape, preceded by a yellow collar ; a dark brown streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; head speckled with dark brown ; lower parts white. Total length 400 millim. ; tail 60. Mexico to Venezuela. a. (S ("V. 169 ; C. 53). Ventanas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer [C.l. b-c. d" (V. 170, 171 ; Presidio, near Mazat- Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. C. 49, 50). lau. d. 2 (V. 174 ; C. 41). Nicaragua. Derby Museum. (One of the types.) 3. Hypsiglena affinis. (Plate VIII. fig. 1.) Hypsiglena torquata, var., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 137 (1894). Agrees in structure and coloration with H. torquata, except that the subocular is absent, the upper labials are seven in number, third and fourth entering the eye, and the scales form only 19 rows. Ventrals 162-168 ; subcaudals 39-51. Total length 310 millim. ; tail 52. Mexico. a. S (V. 164; C. 43). Zacatecaa. J. M. Cameron. Esq. [P.]. 89. nTcsiGi.EXA. 211 b. Hgr. 5 (V. 168 ; C. 39). Mezquital del Oro, Dr. A. C. Biiller [C.]. c. $ (V. 162; C. 51). Jalisco. ' F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 4. Hypsiglena discolor. Leptodira discolor, (iunth. Pruc. Zool. Sor. 1860, p. 317. Hypsiglena discolor, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Miis. no. 32, 1887, p. 78 ; 'Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 137, pi. xlix. fig. 1 (1894). Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above : internasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad ; loreal as long as deep or slightly longer than deep ; one praj- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Yentrals 173-180; anal divided; subcaudals 85-89. Above with blackish cross bars separated by pale yellowish-brown interspaces; upper surface of head dark, nape yellowish; labials yellowish with blackish sutures : uniform yellowish white beneath. Total length 560 mUlim. ; tail 155. Mexico. rt-6. J (V. 180, 173; C. 85, 89). Oaxaca. M. Sall6 [0.]. (Types.) 5. Hypsiglena latifasciata. Hypsiglena latifasciata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept, p. 138, pi. xlix. fig. 2 (1894). Uostral nearly thrice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, with concave sides ; loreal deeper than long ; one praeocular, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars; temporals l-|-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Yentrals 186 ; anal divided ; subcaudals circa 80 (end of tail absent in the specimen). Dark brown above, with ten widely separated whitish cross bands ; head whitish, spotted ■with brown, except on the occiput ; beneath dirty white. Total length 350 mUlim. South Mexico, a. $ (V. 186; C.?). S.Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 6. Hypsiglena ornata. Comastes ornatus, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philoni. (7) viii. 1884, p. 141. Hypsiglena ornata. Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 78. Scaling as in H. torquata, but body feebly compressed, ventrals and subcaudals more numerous, rostral smaller, and eye larger. Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 185-189 ; subcaudals 84-93. Yellowish above, with a dorsal series of large brown spots, and smaller spots alternating with them on the sides. Total length 260 niillim. ; tail 87. Isthmus of Darien. 212 COLUBRID.T,. 90. RHINOCHILUS. Rhinocheilus, Baird S^- Oir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 120 (1853) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philnd. 1860, p. 244 ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 217 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Bept. p. 602 (1886) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. 3Ius. xiv. 1892, p. 605. Maxillary teeth 16 to 19, the two posterior largest; anterior mandibular teeth a little larger than the posterior. Head not dis- tinct from neck, with pointed, strongly projecting snout; eye moderate, pupil round ; rostral large. Body much elongate, cj'lin- drical ; scales smooth, with apical pits*, in 17 to 23 rows. Tail moderate ; subcaudals entire, or only the posterior divided. North America, Mexico, Venezuela. Synojiisis of the Sj^ecies. Scales in 2.3 rows 1. lecontii, p. 212. Scales in 19 rows 2. thominoti, p. 213. Scales in 17 rows 3. antonil, p. 213. 1. Rhinochilus lecontii. Rhinoclieilus lecontei, Baird ^- Gir. Cat. p. 120 (1853), and Bep. U.S. Explor. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xxxiii. fig. 90 (1859), and U.S. Mex. Bound. Stirv. ii. Bept. pi. xx. (1859) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 217 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Bhilad. 1866, p. .304 ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 48, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1876); Garni. N. Am. Rept. p. 73 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sn. Mex., Rept. p. 602, pi. xl. fig. 7 (1886) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 606; Giinth. Biol. C.- Am., Rept. p. 100 (1893). Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above at least half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or a little longer than that between the praefrontals t ; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals, twice as broad as the supraocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one or two prte- and two or three post- oculars ; temporals 2-f-2 or 2-|-3 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small, and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 191-206; anal entire; subcaudals 40-55. Black above, with brick-red square spots or cross bands ; head and sides black and yellow ; lower parts yellowish white, with black spots, at least on the sides. Total length 940 millim. ; tail 140. California to Texas. a, b, c. S (V. 191, 205 ; Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.]. C. 49, 50, 6 or 11 last divided) & hgr. (V. 201 ; C. 42, 8 last divided). * Stated to be absent in R. thominoti and antonii. t In spec, c the praef'rontals are separated by the internasals, which are in contact with the point of the frontal. \ 01. CEMOPHORA. 213 d. H. -219 (imA). albocinctus (wo« Cant.), I}iim. 4' Bibr. p. 633, pi. Ixxxii. fig. 1. Calamaria brachyorrhos (non Schleg.), Moil. ^ Dilhv. Nat. Hist. Lab. p. 49, pi. — (1855). Simotes purpurascens, var. C, Giijith. Cat. p. 25 (1858). purpurascens, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fhi/s. ii. 1862, p. 235, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. v. tig. 2 (1865): Boulenc/. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 34; V. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 255. labuanensis, Giinth. BejM. Brit. Ind. p. 217. catenifer, Sfoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xlii. 1873, p. 121, pi. xi. tig. 3. ■ denuysi, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 218, pi. xxi. fig. 1. afiinis, Fischer, Abh. naturiv. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1885, p. 4, pi. i. fig. 1. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than that between the prasfrontals ; frontal large, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or longer than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; one or two prcBOculars, with one or two suboculars below ; two or three postoculars ; temporals i! + 3 or 2 + 2 ; usually eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye, or fourth excluded by the second subocular ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about twice as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Yentrals lGO-210, angulate laterally ; anal entire ; subcaudals 40-60. Brown above, with darker, black-edged sinuous transverse bands, or with yellowish black-edged cross bars ; a large arrow-headed dark-brown marking on the occiput and nape, with the apex on the frontal and usually confluent with a dark- brown chevron-shaped transverse band passing through the eyes ; a dark oblique temporal streak ; belly yellowish, with square blackish spots, which may be confined to the sides. Total length G80 millim. ; tail 110. S. China, Cochinchina, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. 92. siMOTEi=i. 219 A, Pale transverse bands narrower than the interspaces between them ; scales in 19 rows. (^S. jixrjiui'nsceiis, Schleg.) a. Yg. (Y. 182 ; C. 43). Java. b. Hgr. (V. 1(J9 ; C. 61). Matang, Borneo. B. Harrow dark transverse bands ; scales in 19 rows. (/S. lahuanensis, Gthr.) rt. Hgr. (Y. 186; C. 54). Singapore. Governor of Singapore [P.]. 6. Yg. (Y. IGH; C. 53). Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iverseu [C.]. c. Yg. (Y. 169; C. 59). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. d-e. d (V. 170; C?) & Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. 2 (Y. 174; C. 53). /. J (Y. 171; C. ?). Labuan, Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, 1 Types of E.sq. [P.]. I S. labua- ir. d" (Y. 187; C. 60). ? ) nmsis. C Narrow dark transverse bands ; scales in 21 rows. (*S'. trinotatus, D. & B.) rt. 2 (V. 190; C. 53). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. b. Hgr. (V. 165 ; C. 53). Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.]. 3. Simotes cyclurus. Ooronella cyclura, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 50. Simotes bicatenatus, Giinih. Sejyt. Brit. Ind. p. 217 (1864) ; Theob. Jmirn. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 40; Stoliczlta, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xl. 1871, p. 430; Anders. Proc. Zool Soc. 1871, p. 170. fasciolatus, Gilnth. I. c. p. 218, pi. xx. fig. B. cochincliinensis, G-iinth. I. c. p. 219, pi. xx. fig. C. brevicauda, Steind. Kovara, Rept. p. 61, pi. iii. figs. 13 & 14 (1867). obscurus, Theob. Cat. Pept. As. Soc. Mm. p. 48 (1868). crassus, Theoh. I. c. cyclurus, Boukny. Faun, hid., Rept. p. 311 (1890) ; 11". L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Benff. Ix. 1890, p. 235. Nasal divided : portion of rostral seen from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little longer, and as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little deeper than long ; pra?ocular single, usually with a small subocular below it, between the third and fourth labials ; two postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2; normally eight upper labials, fourth and filth entering the eye ; four, rarely three, lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields one half or two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 156-210, angulate laterally ; anal undivided ; subcaudals 37-5S. Pale brown or greyish above, with or without four darker brown stripes, the median pair separated by the vertebral series of scales ; antero- lateral border of some of the scales frequently black ; markings on the head as in S. albocinclns : lower surfaces j'ellowish, uniform, or with squarish brown spots on each side below the angle of the 220 COLUBRID.E. ventrals ; these blotches ma}' be subconfluent or form two chain-like series ; subcaudals unspotted or with a few small scattered dots. Total length 700 millira. ; tail 100. Bengal and Assam, Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, and Southern China. A. Above with very ill-defined dark longitudinal streaks ; belly with a lateral series of square brown spots. Scales in 19 rows. (S. cyclurus, S. bicatenatus.) a. c? (V. 175 ; C. 37). Toungoo. E. AV. Gates, Esq. [P.]. b. Yg. (V. 170; C. 37). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. c. Yg. (V. 1.56; C. 43). S. China. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. d. cS (V. 166; C. 43). ? College of Surgeons. (Type of »S'. bicatenatus.) B. Above with four more or less distinct dark longitudinal streaks and a light vertebral line ; belly with a lateral series of square brown spots. Scales in 19 rows. a. 5 (V. 17-5 ; C. 40). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. b. ? (V. 167 ; C. 44). Tenasserim. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. Like the preceding, but ventral spots absent or reduced to a few small dots. a-h. Hgr. (V. 171, 173; Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. C. 46, 43). D. No longitudinal streaks, no ventral spots. Scales in 19 rows. «, h. 6 (Y. 167; C. 46) Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. &yg.(V. 150; C.49). E. No longitudinal streaks, no ventral spots. Scales in 21 rows. (S.fasciolatus, S. cochinchinensis.) a,6. c? (V. 160; C. 42) Pachebone, Siam. M. Mouhot [C.]. (Types & $ (V. 165; C. 45). oi S. fasciolatus.) c. Hgi-. ( V. 173 ; C. 41). Siam. M. 11. Newman, Esq. [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 210; C. 47). Lao Mountains. M. Mouhot [C.]. (Type of S. cochinchinensis). F. Above with four dark stripes as in B, which are crossed by black bars ; belly immaculate. Scales in 21 rows. a. Hgr. (V. 180; C. 53). Bia-po, KarinHills. M. L. Fea [C.]. 4. Simotes albocincttis. Coronella albocincta, Cantor, Pi-oc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 50. Xenodon purpurascens, var., Cantor, Cat. Mai. Rept. p. 67 (1847) ; Blyth, Journ. As. Sue. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 289. Coronella punctulatus. Gray, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1853, p. 389. Simotes purpurascens, vars. D and E, Giinth. Cat. p. 25 (1858). punctulatus, Giinth. liept. Brit. Ind. p. 217 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 160. 92. SI MOTES. 221 Siniotes albocinctus, part., Gilnfh. I. c. p. 218. amabilis, Giinth. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 416, pi. xvii. fig. A. ■ albociuctus, Bouleng. Faun. Bid., Rept. p. 312 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suturo between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer, seldom united with the praefrontal ; pragocular single or (rarely) divided into two; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; normally seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 177-205 ; anal undivided ; subcaudals 51-69. Brown or brick-red above ; head yellowish, with a dark brown or black-edged red crescentic band across the forehead to below each eye, sometimes interrupted in the middle, an oblique one on each side from the parietal to behind the angle of the mouth, and a chevron-shaped one from the frontal to the nape, sometimes with a detached round spot in front ; lower surfaces yellowish or coralline-red, more or less spotted or marbled with black ; the black spots may be small, squarish, far apart, and confined to the sides, or the black may predominate on the belly ; or the ventrals may be alternately black and yellow. Total length 800 mi'llim. ; tail 130. Eastern and Central Himalayas (to 4000 feet), Khasi and Arakan Hills. A. Upper parts unspotted, with 27 to 34 light, black-edged cross bands two scales wide, separated by 5 to 8 series of scales. (»S'. albocinctus, Cant.) a. $ (V. 203 ; C. 53). b-e. S (V. 183; C. 64), hgr. (V. 184,194; 0.59, 54),&vg.(V.195:0.o4). /. c? (V."195; 0. 65). g-h. $ (V. 203; C. 51) &yg. (V. 188; 0.66). t. Skull. Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. (Type of C. punctulatus.) liimsdayas. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. Himalayas. Col. Beddome [0.]. Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. B. Upper parts unspotted, with 55 light, black-edged cross bars, separated by 3 or 4 series of scales. (S. amabilis, Gthr.) a. Yg. (V. 178; 0. 04). Arakan Hills. W. Theobald, Esq. [0.]. (Type of S. amabilis.) C. Upper parts with dark spots, without cross bands. a-b. 2 (V. 202 ; 0. 55) Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. &yg. (V. 193; 0. 62). c. c? '(V. 193 ; 0. 65). Sikkim. Messrs.v. Schlagintweit[0.]. d. $ (V. 205; 0. ?). Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 222 COLtTBRIDJ!. e-f. 6 (V. 194; 0. 63) & Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. ligr. (V. 194; 0.69). g. 5 (V. 203; 0. 56). Nepaul. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. h-i. d" (V. 182, 177; ? Dr. Griffith. C. 62, 68). 5. Simotes formosanus. (Plate VIII. fig. 2.) Simotes formosanus, Giinth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 20 ; Fischer, Abh. natuno. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 12. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as ita distance from the frontal ; suture between the intern asals shorter than that between the pra3frontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal square ; prseocular single or divided; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three or four labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which measure about once and a half the size of the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely augulate, 162— 173; anal entire: subnaudals 46-55. Pale brown above, with a very indistinct lighter vertebral line and ill-defined dark cross bands produced by the black borders of some of the scales ; ventrals yel- lowish, brown on the sides, or with a lateral series of small blackish spots. Total length 600 miUim. ; tail 95. S. China. a. S (V. 163 ; C. 55). Takao, Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) b. 5 (V. 173 ; C. 46). Swatow. Christiania Museum. 6. Simotes violaceus. Coronella violacea, Cantor, Froc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 50, Simotes cinereus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 215 (1864). swinhonis, Giinth. I. c. pi. xx. fig. E. multifasciatus, Jan, Icon. Gen. 12, pi. iv. fig. 2 (1865). semifasciatus, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 16. violaceus, Bouleng. Faim. Ind., Rept. p. 312 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal or a little shorter ; suture between the internasals usually shorter than that between the prajfrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal usually longer than deep ; prseocular single, usually with a small subocular below, between the third and fourth labials; one or two postoculars; temporals l-|-2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields one half or less than one half the size of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals lGO-196; anal undivided; subcaudals 33-41. Pale brown, purplish or reddish above ; markings on tlic head very indistinct. 92. siJioTES. 223 Total leugth 700 millim. ; tail 75. Bengal, Assam, Burma, Camboja, Southern China. A. Brown or reddish above, without dark markings; belly unspotted- (S. violaceus, S. cinereus.) a. d (V. 164 ; C. ?). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.]. (Type of S. cinereus.) b. c? (V. 169; C. 35). Touugvi, S. Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway [C.]. 5000 ft. B. The black edges of some of the scales forming more or less distinct dark cross bands ; belly unspotted. (S. swinhonis.) a. S (V. 161 ; C. 37). Amov. R.Swinhoe,Esq.[C.]. I b-c. d- ( V. 165 ; C. 39) ■? Kaslar Hospital. ( & $ (V. 174 ; C. 34). (Types of S. sivinhonis.) a. §• Maff. N. H. (6) ix. 1892, p. 74. meyerinkii, Steindachn. Sitzb, Ak. Wien, c. 1891, p. 294. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the prsefrontaJs ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; praeocular single ; two postoculars ; tem- porals 2 + 2 ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chiu-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate, 156-197 ; anal undivided ; subcaudals 43-61. Yellow with six black longitudinal stripes, or blactish with yellow longitudinal lines, which are much narrower than the interspaces between them ; head yellow, the tvro median dorsal bands meeting on the frontal ; a black crescentic cross band anteriorly, passing through the eyes, and an oblique band on each side from the parietal shield to below the angle of the mouth ; lower surfaces uniform or with a series of black spots on each side of the ventrals, sometimes confluent into a line. Total length 680 millim. ; tail 100. Java, Borneo, Sooloo Islands, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula ; Anamallay Hills, S. India. A. Yellowish above, with six black longitudinal stripes. a. Yg. (V. 168 ; C. 54). h. 6 (V. 165; C. 61). c-d. 2 (V. 178, 183; C. 54, 51). e. ? (V. 175; C. 54Kt hgr. (V. 183 ; C. 54). /. Yg. (V. 168 ; C. 61). a. Yg.(V.197;C.61). b-c. 6 (V. 171; C. 59) &yg. (V.171;C.61). d. ? (V. 175 ; C. 53). Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.]. C. Markings disappearing in the adult, which is dark brown above, with a somewhat ill-defined light vertebral stripe. (S.mei/erinl-ii, Steind.) a. 5 (Y. 158; C. 48). Tawi-Tawi, Sooloo Ids. A. Evprett, Esq. [C.]. Anamallays. Singapore. Sumatra. Col. Beddome [C.]. Dr. Dennvs [P.]. Mrs. J. C'rosley [P.]. Bandjermassing, Borneo. Java. L. L. Dillwvn, Esq. [P.]. J. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. ve narrow yellow longitudinal lines. Sumatra. Nias. Sir S. Raffles. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. 92. siMOTES. 225 9. Simotes phaenochalinus. ? Xenodon aneoru3, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U. S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 167 (1858). Simotes purpurascens, var. C, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 25 (1858). phKnochalinus, Co;;e, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1860, p. 244. aphanospilus. Cope, I. c. p. 245. ancoralis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phi/s. ii. 1863, p. 2.33, a7id Icon. Gen. 11, pi. vi.fig. 2 (1865); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 61 (1867). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals usuallj- shorter than that between the prfefroutals ; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prse- and two postocidars ; temporals 1 + 2 (in one specimen 2 + 2); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about once and a half as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Yentrals angulate laterally, 156-173 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 36-45. Pale brown above, the vertebral region sometimes more reddish, with large transverse rhomboidal or escutcheon-shaped, purplish, black-edged spots ; a large arrow-headed, purplish, black-edged marking on the head and nape, often confluent with a transverse band passing through theej-es; an oblique temporal streak; lower parts yellowish, uniform or with small brown spots. Total length 670 millim. ; tail 95. Philippine Islands. a-b. S (V. 156 ; C. 42) Philippines. II. Cuming, Esq. [C.l. & $ (V. 172 ; C. 39). c. cS (V. 157 ; C. 45). Luzon. Dr. A. B. Mever TC.]. d. 2 (V. 170; C. 36). Java(?). e. 2 (V. 173 ; C. 36). ? Dr. Giinther [P.]. 10. Simotes forbesii. Simotes forbesii, Bouleitg. Proc. Zuol. Soc. 1883, p. 387, pi. xlii. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal slightly deeper than long ; one praj- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly twice as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Yentrals slightly angulate lateraDy, 155-165 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 45. Greyish brown above, the borders of the scales darker ; head with symmetrical dark markings ; two fine dark brown lines along the back, separated by three longitudinal series of scales ; belly yellowish, with a lateral series of brown spots, more or less confluent into a stripe. Total length 3u5 millim. ; tail 5S. Timor Laut. a-h. $ (V. 155, 165; C. 45, Timor Laut. II. 0. Forbes, Esq. [C."i. 45). (Types.) 226 COLUBRIDi. 11. Simotes signatus. Simotes purpurascens, var. F, Giinth. Cat. p. 26 (1858). signatus, GYmth. Rept. Bnt. hid. p. 215, pi. xx. fig. F (1864). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snoot, as long as the parietals ; a small scjuare loreal ; one prte- and one postocular ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 141-157 ; anal entire; subcaudals 47-59. Dark brown above, with yellowish cross bands or transverse rhomboidal spots ; the first two cross bands chevron-shaped ; head with dark brown symmetrical markings separated by yellowish interspaces ; belly yellowish, with a lateral series of brown spots. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 130. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. «. cJ (V. 149 ; C. 59). Singapore. Gen. Ilardwicke [P.]. ) b 2 (V. 157 ; 0. 47 ). Singapore. Haslar Collection. \ (Types.) c. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 60). Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.]. d. 6 (V. 141 ; C. 52). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. 12. Simotes subcarinatus. Simotes subcarinatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 595, pi. xxxix. fig. B. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as long, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; a small square loreal ; one prse- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 1 -|- 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly twice as large as the posterior. Scales feebly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 155 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 50. Dark brown above, with yellowish, black-edged cross streaks, the anterior of which are chevron-shaped ; head yellowish, with sym- metrical dark brown markings ; belly yellowish, with a few brown spots on the sides. Total length 395 millim. ; tail 80. Borneo. a. 2 (V. 155; C. 50). Sarawak. (Type.) 13. Simotes anniilifer. (Plate YIII. fig. 3.) Simotes annulifer, Botdeng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 524. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above slightly shorter 92. S11I0TE3. 227 than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internaaals slightly shorter than that between the prcxfroutals ; frontal as broad as long, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a small loreal ; one prte- and two post- oculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 153 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 49. Brown above, with 26 black annuli on the back, enclosing large and oval yellowish-brown spots; sides black-spotted, with vertical and oblique yellowish lines ; head yellowish brown above, with a dark brown bar across the forehead, passing through the eye; a large A-shaped marking from the frontal shield to the nape, and an oblique bar on the temple; labials, chin, and throat black-spotted; lower parts white, with a series of small black spots on each side. Total length 160 millim. ; tail 30. Korth Borneo. a. Yg. (V. 153 ; C. 49). N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 14. Simotes taeniatus. Simotes taBniatus, Giinth. Proc. Zuol. Soc. 1861, p. 189, and Rent. Brit. Ind. p. 216, pi. XX. fia-. A (1864) ; Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 60 (1867) ; F. Mull. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 144. quadrilineatus, Jan, Nouv. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 7, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. iv. fig. 3 (1865). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pra^frontals ; frontal slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prasocular, usually with a small subocular below it, between the third and fourth labials ; two postoculars; temporals l-|-l-|-2, anterior very small; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about once and a half as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 146-169 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 30-47. Brown above, with a darker dorsal band enclosing a light vertebral line ; a dark lateral streak or series of spots : a dark interocular band, passing through the eyes and extending to the mouth, or a large triangular spot covering the upper surface of the snout ; an oblique dark temporal band, sometimes descending to or even extending across the throat, confluent or not with a large nuchal spot ; usually a blackish spot at the base, and another at the end of the tail ; lower parts whitish, with squarish black spots which may be confined to the hinder portion of the body. Total length 320 millim. ; tail 60. Siam, Camboja, Cochinchina. a2 COLTJBRID^. Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.]. (Types.) Bangkok. Dr. Giiuther [P.]. Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. M. H. Newman, Esq. [P.]. Siam. 228 a, b, c-e. c? (Sc. 19, 17, 17, 17; V. 159, 146, 149,149; C. 43, 42, 41, 40) & 2 (Sc. 19; V. 161 ; C. 34). /. 9 (Sc. 17; V. 169; C. 30). ff. d (Sc. 19; V. 153; C. 44). h-i. d (Sc. 17, 19; V. 150,152; C.41, 43). 15. Simotes chinensis. (Plate IX. fig. 1.) Simotes chinensis, Gilnth. Ann. ^ May. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 16. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above one half to three- fifths as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than that between the prae- frontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep : one pra3- and two postoculars ; a subocular may be present below the prse- ocular ; temporals 1+2 or 2 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fifth, entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about once and a half the length of the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 170-191; anal entire; subcaudals 55-60. Pale grey- brown above, with narrow blackish-brown transverse bands, 15 to 17 in number ; a dark brown arrow-headed marking on the occiput and nape, with the apex on the frontal shield ; a crescentic dark brown band anteriorly, passing through the eyes ; yellowish inferiorly, with quadrangular black spots. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 120. China. a. Yg. (V. 191 ; C. 55). Mountains north of A. E. Pratt, Esq. Kiu Kiang. [C.]. (Type.) b-d. S (V. 176; C. 59) Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. &yg. (V. 172,170;C. [P.]. 60, 58). 16. Simotes vaillanti. Simotes vaillanti, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. FMlom. (7) i. 1877, p. 107. Nasal divided ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows. Anal divided. Olive-brown above, with or "without two dorsal black lines commencing from the eyes, and with black trans- verse spots ; belly yellowish. China. 92. siJioTEs. 229 17. Simotes beddomii. (Plate IX. fig. 2.) Simotes beddomii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. Sit (1890). Nasal undivided ; rostral comparatively small, the portion seen from above much shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals much shorter than that between the proe- frontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; prae- ocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Tentrals 167-168 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 43-46. Brown above, with three light longitudinal lines, intersected by dark brown trans- verse spots or lines : head with well-piarked dark brown markings, viz. a crescentic band anteriorly, passing through the eyes, and a chevron-shaped band behind, the apex on the frontal ; each of the four anterior labials -with a brown spot ; a dark brown nuchal spot, angular anteriorly, divided behind by the light vertebral line ; lower surfaces yellowish, with very few, scattered, small brown spots ; tail immaculate. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 50. Southern India. a-b. d (V. 167; C. 4.3) Wynad. Col. Beddorae [C.]. &yg.(V.168; C.46). (Types.) 18. Simotes arnensis. Seha, Thes. ii. pi. Ixii. fig. 4 (1735) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pis. xxxv. & xxxviii. (1796). Coluber arnensis, Shaio, Zool. iii. p. 526 (1802). russelius, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 395, pi. Ixxvi. fij?-. 2 (1803). Coronella russelii, Schleg. PIij/s. Serp. ii. p. 78 (1837). Coluber monticolus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52. Simotes russellii, Bmn. Sr Blhr. vii. p. 028 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 24 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p_. 233, and Icon. Gen. 11, pi. vi. fig. 1 (18G5) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 213 (1864). albiventer, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 213. arnensis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 314 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal or a little shorter ; suture between the internasals usually nearly as long as that between the prtefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little shorter, and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal, if distinct, longer than deep, frequently united with the prefrontal ; prasocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals l-|-2 : seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields one half or two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals annulate 230 coLrBBiD.T;. laterally, 170-202 ; anal divided; subcaudals 41 -59. Pale brown or orange above, with weU-detined black cross bands, which vary in number and in width according to individuals, and may be edged with white ; an angular or transverse black baiul between the eyes, another behind, with the apex on the frontal, and a tliird on the nape ; lower surfaces uniform yellowish, rarely spotted with brown or with a brown posterior border to the ventrals. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 90. India and Ceylon, northwards to Nepal and the Himalayas. A. Belly uniform yellowish. a-d. c? (V. 178, 172 ; C. India. 69, 50), 2 (V. 192 ; C. 46),&vo-. (V.186,188; C. 54, 50).' e. 2 (V. 183 ; C. 45). ^[epal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. /. Yg. (V. 187 ; C. 53). Sikkim. Me.ssrs. v. Schlagin- tweit[C.]. Col. Svkes [C.]. Dr. Leith [P.]. Dr. Leith [P.]. Rev. G. Smith [P.]. Col. Beddome [C.J. g. 5 (V. 190; C. 47). Deccan. h. d (V. 186; C. 54). Bombay. t Yg. (V. 202; C. 48). Deesa. k. d (V. 175 ; C. 53). Madras. I, m. c? (V. 170 ; C. 50) Anamallays. & 2 (V. 185 : C. 46). n. 2 (V. 190; C.47). Ceylon. 0. d (V. 179; C.?). Near Kandy p. $ (V. 199; c.47). Sir J. Banks [P.]. Capt. Gascoigue [P.]. (Type of S. albiventer.) B. Belly spotted with brown. a. Yg. (V. 185 ; C. 40). Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. b. 2 (V. 180 ; C. 41). S. India. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.-J. 19. Simotes theobaldi. (Plate IX. fig. 3.) Simotes theobaldi, Giinth. Ann. 8<- May. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 417 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 315 (1890). Nasal divided or semi-divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals much shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep, longer than the posterior nasal ; prseocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Yentrals 171-180; anal divided; subcaudals 84-42. Brown above, with three light longitudinal lines, between which are 92. SIMOTES. 231 transverse blackish bars ; head with well-marked dark markino's, viz. a crescentic band anteriorly, passing through the eyes, and a chevron-shaped band behind, the apes on the frontal ; a laro'e blackish nuchal spot, partly divided by the light vertebral line ; lower surfaces yellowish, with or without square black spots ; tail immaculate. Total length 380 millim. ; tail 30. Burma. A. Belly with square black spots. «. ? (V. 180 ; C. 35). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq . [C.]. (Type.) B. Belly unspotted. «. 2 (V. 174; C 35). Minhla. M. L. Fea [C.]. b. 2 (V. 174 ; C. 34). Near Toungoo. E. W. Gates, Esq. rp.]. a. cS (V. 171; C. 42). Thayetmyo. E. Y. Watson, Esq, [P.]. 20. Simotes cruentatus. (Plate X. fig. 1.) Simotes cruentatus, Giinth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 417 ; Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 41 ; Stolivzka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 145 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 315 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals much shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep, but usually shorter than in the preceding species ; praeocular single : two postoculars ; temporals 1-1-2; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Yentrals 148-173; anal divided; subcaudals 27-37. Brown above, with four more or less distinct darker longitudinal lines ; symmetrical dark markings on head broken up, rather indistinct in the adult, an oblique spot below the eye and a large patch on the occiput being distinguishable ; lower surfaces yellowish (coral-red in life) with squai'e black spots, at least on the posterior third of the belly ; a large black spot at the base of the tail, and sometimes a second near the tip. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 45. Pegu. a-d. 6 (V. 164, 165, 163, Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. 164; C. 33, 37, 37,36) [C.l (Tvpes.) & $ (V. 167; C. 30). c. Yg. (V. 148; C. 36). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. 232 COLUBRID^. f-g. cJ (V. 169, 160 ; C. Touiig-oo. E. W. Gates, Esq. 31,35). [P.]. h-i. i (V. 162, 165; C. Burma. Col. Beddome [C.]. 37, 37). 21. Simotes torquatus. Simotes torquatus, Boulemj. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vi. 1888, p. 697, pi. V. lig. 1, and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 316 (1890). Nasal undivided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than^its distance from the end of the snout and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually a little longer than deep ; one prsae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the size of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 144-159 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 27-34. Grey-brown above, with four rather indistinct darker longitudinal streaks, replaced in the young by series of small blackish spots ; upper surface of head with some- times very indistinct symmetrical markings ; a large dark brown (black in the young) spot below the eye, and a broad band of the same colour across the occiput, behind the parietal shields ; lower parts white, usually with some black quadrangular spots on the posterior ventrals. Total length 290 millim. ; tail 38. Upper Burma. «-6. 2 (V. 150; C. 31) Bhamo. M. L. Fea [C.]. (Types.) & yg. (V. 144 ; C. 30). 22. Simotes planiceps. Simotes planiceps, Bouleng. Ann. Mns. Genova, (2) vi. 1888, p. 597, pi. V. fig. 2, and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 316 (1890). Head much depressed ; nasal undivided ; rostral very much produced above, entirely separating the internasals and wedged in between the praefrontals ; frontal elongate, longer than its dis- tance from the end of the snout and than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 -t- 1 ; five upper labials, third entering the eye ; four lower labials in con- tact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields hardly half as large as the anterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 132; anal divided ; subcaudals 27. Pale brown above, with small oblique black markings occupying the anterior outer border of some of the scales ; a black cross band on the occiput, behind the parietals ; upper lip yellow, with an oblique black streak below the eye, crossing the suture between the third and fourth upper labials; 93. OLIGODON. 233 lower parts pinkish, with square black spots mostly arranged in pairs. Total length 130 millim. ; tail 15. Minhla, Burma. 93. OLIGODON. Oligodon, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 519 ; Wagler, Syst. Amjoh. p. 191 (1830) ; Dum. ^ Bibr. Erp. Gin. vii. p. 54 (1854) ; Giinth. Cut. Col. Sn. p. 20 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 36 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 205 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 317 (1890). Calamaria, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Homalosoma, part., Jan, I. c. p. 33. Rhynchocalamus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Sac. 1864, p. 491. Tripeltis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 487. Characters of Simotes, but maxillary teeth fewer still (G to 8), and no pterygoid teeth, the palate being entii'ely edentulous or with two or three teeth on each palatine. Scales in 15 or 17 rows. Southern Asia ; Lower Egypt. This genus may have to be united with the preceding, S. venustus, being, as pointed out by Dr. Giinther (Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, 1). 416), intermediate between Simotes and Oligodon. Sy)W2:>sis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 rows. A. Anal divided ; no loreal shield ; two postoculars. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as, or a little shorter than, its distance from the frontal ; latter shield as long as the paiietals 1. venustus, p. 235. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; latter shield shorter than the parietals .... 2. travancoricics, p. 2.36. Portion of rostral seen from above much shorter than its distance from the frontal 3. affinis, p. 236. B. Anal entire ; loreal usually present. Two postoculars ; subcaudals 35-46 . . 4. hitorquatus, p. 237. Oue postocular ; subcaudals 52-62. ... 5. trilineatus, p. 238. II. Scales in 15 rows. A. Anal entire. 1. Nasal divided. One postocular ; no loreal ; only the third upper labial entering the eye . . 6. modestus, p. 238. 234 COLTJBRID^. One postocular ; loreal present ; third and fourth labials entering the gyg 7. notospilus, p. 239. Two postoculars ; loreal present 8. everetti, p. 239. 2. Nasal undivided ; two post- oculars 9- propinquiis, p. 240. B. Anal divided. 1. Nasal divided. a. No internasals 10. brevicauda , p. 240. h. A pair of internasals. a. A single postocular 11. dorsalis, p. 241. (3. Two postoculars. * Ventrals not more than 160, subcaudals not more than 35. Portion of rostral seen from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal 12. templetonU, p. 241. Portion of rostral seen from above mea- suring about two thirds its distance from the frontal 13- sublineatus, p. 242. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal. 14. ellioti, p. 242. ** Ventrals 154 or more, subcaudals more than 35. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal 15. suhfjriseus, p. 243. Portion of rostral seen from above con- siderably shorter than its distance from the frontal 16. vertehrahs, p. 24o. 2. Nasal undivided. Two postoculars ; six upper labials ; ventrals 145-151 17. luaandersii, p. 245. One postocular; seven upper labials ; ventrals 181-229 18. melanocepludus, p. 24b. Oligodon dorsale, Berthold, Getting. Nachr. 1859, p. 179, stated to bo from Bengal, perhaps belongs to a different genus. It is described as :— " Grey above, with a white median line, and a curved brown interocular band; white beneath; rostral shield large; scales rhomboidal, smooth, in 13 rows ; ventrals 183, anal single, subcaudals 46 ; tail one fifth of total length." 93. olioodon. Table showing Numbers of Scales and Shields. 235 veuKxhis travancoricus .. (iffiv is hitoT((iiafus triluietdus viodeatus notospihcs evcretti propinquus brevicauda dorsalis templetonii xuhlineatus elliofi suhgriseus vertehralis waandersii melanocejihalua So. V. A. C. Lab. 17 143-l(i2 2 28-3() 7(6) 17 145-15] 2 35-37 7 17 129-142 2 25-36 7 17 140-155 35-46 7 17 145-157 52-62 7 15 158-170 41 6 15 142 32 7 15 154 46 7 15 140 27 7 15 104-173 2 25-29 7 15 174-188 2 37-51 7 15 135-152 2 28-31 7 15 136-160 2 26-35 7 15 152 2 29 7 15 158-218 2 38-56 7 15 154 o 54 7 15 145-151 2 22-28 6 15 181-229 2 53-68 7 1, Oligodon venustus. Oligodon venustus, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. lieng. xxii. 1853, p. 528; Boulcmf/. Faun. Lid., Sejjt. p. 317 (1890). Siaiotes binotatus {no7i D. ^- B.), Giinth. Cat. p. 24 (1858). venustus, Giinth. Sejjt. Brit. Ind. p. 213 (1864), and Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 416. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal or a little shorter ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prasfrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; no loreal, the posterior nasal sometimes forming a suture with the prneocular ; prjeocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; usually seven (rareljf six) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth frequently excluded from the labial border and taking the position of a lower anterior temporal ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields one half to two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 143-162; anal divided; subcaudals 28-36. Pale brown or greyish above, with a series of paired large oval or rhomboidal blackish spots edged with yellowish, which are usually united mesiaily ; a large, more irregular spot below each dorsal spot ; head-markings consisting of a crescentic anterior cross band, passing through the eye, an oblique band on each side, from the parietal to below the angle of the mouth, and a broad angular band on the nape ; top of head frequently with black vermi- culations. Lower surfaces black and yellow, the two colours in nearly equal proportions, except under the tail, where the yellow predominates, or where sometimes black spots are entirely wanting. 236 COLaBEID.H. Total length 480 millim. ; tail 65. South-western India. rt-i. d (V. 144; C. :34)& Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 2 (V. 1.52; 0.30). c. Hgr. c? (V. 146; C. Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [P.]. 34). d. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 33). Nilfjlierries, 7000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.l e. Hgr. 2 (V. 154; C. Coonoor, Nilgherries, W. Dayison, Esq.tP.]. 29). 5900 ft. f-f/. Hgr. (V. 102 ; C. 28) Nilgherries. E. A. Miucliin, Esq. ■&yg. (V. 147; C. 32). [P.]. 2. Oligodon travancoricus. (Plate X. fig. 2.) Oligodon travancoricus, Beddome, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1877, p. G85; Bouleng. Fmai. Ltd., Rept. p. 318 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal, the posterior nasal forming a suture with the proBOcular, or the prefrontal forming a suture with the second labial : pra30cular single ; two postoculars ; temporals l-|-2 or 2 + 3 ; upper labials seven, third and fourth enteringthe eye, sixth excluded from the labial margin ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145-151 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 35-37. Greyish or pale brown above, with 25 to 33 black or dark brown, light-edged cross bands on the body, and five or six pairs of spots on the tail ; three broad black, light-edged transverse bands on the head, viz., a frontal, an occipital, and a nuchal, connected or not longitudinally on the median line ; a small white spot may be present in the middle between the parietals. Lower surfaces white, with large square black spots. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 65. I have examined a specimen belonging to the Trevandrum Museum, which measures 465 miUim. ; tail 65. Travancore hills. a. Hgr. d (V. 145 ; Tinnevelly hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 37). (Tvpe.) b-c. tS (V. 147, 146 ; High Range, Tra- H. S. Ferguson, Esq. C. 37, 35). vancore. [P.]. 3. Oligodon affinis. Oligodon affinis, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 58, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 209, pi. xix. fig. B (1864) ; Boideng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 318 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above half as long 93. OLiaoDON. 237 as its dist-ance from the frontal ; suture between the interuasak as long as that between the pnet'rontals, or a little shorter; frontal much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; no loreal, the -posterior nasal sometimes forming a suture with the prseocular ; pra3ocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2, or 1 + 1 + 2; upper labials seven, third and fourth entering the eje ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 129-142 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 25-36. Brown above, with more or less distinct darker cross lines : head with dark symmetrical transverse markings, which are usually connected by a median longitudinal streak. Lower surfaces white (in spirit) with square black spots, both colours being distributed in nearly equal proportion. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 50. South-western India. a. $ (V. 132 ; C. 27). Anamallays. Ool. Beddome [C.]. (Type.) b-c, d-f. S (V. 137, 129 ; Wyuad, 30oO feet. Col. Beddome [0.1. C. 33, 36), 2 (V. 13(3, 139 ; C. 25, 28), & vg. (V. 142 ; C. 26). 4, Oligodon bitorquatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. p. 39, ]il. xxxiv. Oligodun bitorquatu;?, Bvie, Isis, 1827, p. 519. Calaiiiaria oligodou, Schleg. Fliys. Serp. ii. p. 40, pi. i. figs. 27-29 (1837), and Abbild. p. 96, pi. xxv. Oligiidon subquadratus, Duvt. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 65 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 21 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zoul. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 37, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. iv. figs. 5 & 6 (1865). Rabdosoma amboineuse, Bleek. Nut. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxii. 1860, p. 42. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pr;Tefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually present, a little longer than deep ; one prte- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2 or 2 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields one half to two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-155; anal entire; subcaudals 35-4G. Purplish brown or blackish above, with yellow (or red) dots and usually a vertebral series of larger spots ; head with symmetrical blackish markings and one or two chevron-shaped yellowish bands, the second on the occiput and nape ; belly red, with quadrangular or transverse black spots. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 67. Java, Amboyna. 238 COLUBBID-E. a-b. S (V. 144, 144 ; C. Java. Leyden Museum. 37, 45). c. 2 (V. 142 ; n. ?). Java. Hr. Friilistorfer [C.J. d. § (V. 155; C. 46). Salak, Java. K. Kirkpatrick, Esq. e. c? (V. 148 ; C. 41). Batavia. /'. c? (V. 150; C. 37). Willis Mts., Kediri, Baron v. Huegel [C.]. Java, 5000 feet. ^. Yg. (V. 155; C. 44). Amboyna. Dr. Bleaker. (Type of Rabdosoma amboinense.) 5. Oligodon trilineatus. Simotes trilineatus, Dum. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 636 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 324, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1865). Oligodon trilineatus, Fischer, Abh. natiinv. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1885, p. 7. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal smaU, longer than deep ; one prte- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 2 or 2 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly twice as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145-157; anal entire; subcaudals 52-62. Dark brown or blackish above and below ; head yellowish brown, with blackish oblique bands interrupted on the crown ; a yellow vertebral stripe, a tine yellowish line along each side of the back, and a white line along each side of the belly. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 80. Pulo Nias. a-b 2 (V. 147; C. 60) Nias. Herr Sundermann[C.]. & hgr. (V. 157 ; C. 54). 6. Oligodon modestus. (Plate X. fig. 3.) Olit^odon modestus, Giinth. liqjf. Brit. Ind. p. 210 (1864), andProc. Zool. Soc. 187S), p. 77. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; no loreal : one praj- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 2 or 1 +3 ; six upper labials, third largest and entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 158-170 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 41. Dark brown above, with a yellowish vertebral streak ; a yellowish chevron-shaped band on the occiput ; lower parts yellowish, with quadrangular black spots. i D3. oLiGODON. 239 Total length 350 millim. ; tail 55. Philippine Islands. a. d (V. 158; C. 41). Philippine Islands. II. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) b. c? (^ . 170; C. 41). S. XegTos. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 7. Oligodon notospilus. Oligodon notospilus, Gi'mih. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 109, pi. xviii. tig. A. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal verj' small, longer than deep ; one pra^- and one postocular ; tem- porals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior cliin-sbields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rov^s. Ventralsl42; anal entire; subcaudals 32. Dark purplish brown above, with yellow dots and a series of large transverse, rhomboidal, yellow, black-edged spots ; head yellow, with two chevron- shaped black bands, the anterior passing through the eyes, the posterior with the point on the frontal shield ; uniform yellowish inferiorlv. Total length 260 millim. ; tail 40. Philippine Islands. a. $ (V. 142 ; C. 32). Mindanao. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. (Type.) 8. Oligodon everetti. (Plate XI. fig. 1.) Oligodon everetti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 524. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above slightly shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal very small, longer than dcej) ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1-f 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 154 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 46. Slaty grey above, with three blackish-brown stripes, the middle one three scales wide and enclosing a series of small yellowish-brown rhomboidal spots ; head brown above, with two chevron-shaped black bands, the anterior passing through the eyes, the posterior with the point on the frontaL shield ; uniform coral-red beneath, the outer ends of the ventral shields black. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 70. North Borneo. a. 2 (V. 154 ; C. 46). Mt. Kina Baloo, A. Everett, Esq. rC.l (Type.) 240 COLUBRID^. 9. Oligodon propinquus. Oligodon propiuqims, Jan, Arch. ZodI. Anat. rhys. ii. 1862, p. 38, and Icon. Gen. 48, pi. i. iig. 1 (1876). iS^asal nndmded ; portion of rostral seen from above a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the interiiasals longer than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal small, a little longer than deep ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 140 ; anal entire ; subcaud;ds 27. Black above, with yellowish dots ; a series of small yellowish spots along the back ; belly whitish. Total length 285 millim. ; tail 40. Java. 10. Oligodon brevicauda Oligodon brevicauda, G'dnth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) ix, 1862, p. 58, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 211, pi. xix. fig. A (1864) ; Boidenrj. Faun. Lid., Rept. p. 319 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above longer than its distance from the frontal ; no internasals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; no loreal, the posterior nasal forming a suture with the prteocular ; pra30cular single; two poscoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 164-173; anal divided; subcaudals 25-29. Brown above, with a light vertebral band, most marked posteriorly, bordered on each side by a dark brown or black band ; a black narrow streak along each side ; a rhomboidal dai'k spot on the frontal, confluent with a broad eresceutic transverse band anteriorly, which passes through the eyes ; a dark band from behind the eye to the angle of the mouth ; a large dark nuchal spot. Lower surface red, with large quadrangular or transverse black spots ; tail without, or with only a few, black spots. Spec, d very dark, almost black above and below, the black markings being just distinguishable. Total length 480 miUim. ; tail 50. South-western India. a. J (V. 173; C. 28). Anamallavs. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 165; C. 25). Anamallays. Co\. Beddome [C.]. f. 5 (V. 172; C. 29). West slope of iS'ilgher- Col. Beddome [C.]. ries, 3000 ft. ^. 9 (V. 164 ; C. 29). Peeimad, Travancore, H. S. Ferguson, Esq. 3300 ft. [P.]. I 93. OLIGODON. 241 11. Oligodon dorsalis. Elaps dorsalis, Gray, III. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. Ixxxv. fig. 1 (18.34). Oligodon dorsalis, Gilnth. Cat. p. 22 (18.58), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 210 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 168; Boideng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 319 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prtefrontals or shorter ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; praeocular single ; postocular single ; tem- porals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the 636 ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Hcales in 15 rows. Ventrals 174-188 ; anal divided ; subcaudals ;^7-51. Brown above, with a 3-ellowi8h vertebral streak, on each side of which is a scries of small black spots ; a black lateral streak ; a large subtriangular blackish spot on the forehead, connected with a very large occipital spot b}' a longitudinal streak on the frontal ; lower surfaces black and yellow (in spirit), the black predominating on the belly, the yellow on the tail. Total length 360 millim. ; tail 6-5. Khasi, Naga, and Chittagong hills. a. (S (V. 177; C. 47). ? Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type.) b. (S (V. 174; C. 51). ? Dr. Griffith. 12. Oligodon templetonii. Oligodon templetonii, Gilnth. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 57, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 209, pi. xix. tig. C (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 320 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the inter- nasals longer or shorter than that between the prtefrontals ; frontal much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, sometimes entering the eye ; praeocular single; two or three postoculars ; temporals l-|-2: seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth usuallv excluded from the labial border ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 135-152; anal divided; subcaudals 28-31. Brown above, with a yellowish vertebral streak, which becomes more distinct on the tail, and is crossed by about eighteen narrow dark brown bands ; head-markings very indistinct except an oblique band below the eye ; lower surfaces white with square black spots, both colours being distributed in nearly equal proportion. Total length 270 millim. ; tail 40. Ceylon. VOL. II. B 242 COLUDPJD^. a. c? (V. 135 C. [ !)• Ceylon. h-c. (V S (V .152; 139; C C. 28). 30) & yg Udagam R. Templeton, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) Udagama. E. E. Green, Esq. [P.]. 13. Oligodon sublineatus. Oligodon sublineatns, Dum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 57 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 21 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 38 ; Giinth. Kept. Brit. Ind. p. 209 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 48, pi. i. %. 2 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Bept. p. 320 (1890) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 237. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the prajfrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals, or slightly longer ; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer, rarely absent ; prseocular single ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 136-160 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 26-35. Pale brown above, some of the scales edged with dark brown ; frequently a more or less regular series of paired dark brown dorsal spots ; head with dark brown markings ; an angular transverse band anteriorly, passing through the eyes ; a longitu- dinal band from the middle of the frontal to a little beyond the parietals, and a large spot on each side of the nape ; the longitu- dinal band and the nuchal spots sometimes confluent ; lower surfaces yellowish, with three (rarely two) longitudinal series of small dark brown spots, the lateral series often confluent into a line. Total length 315 millim. ; tail 35. Ceylon, Nicobars. n-b. 9 (V. 151, 160 ; C. 27, 28). Punduloya, E. E. Green, Esq. [P.]. 4000 ft. c. cJ (V. 138 ; C. 33). Kaiidy. Capt. Gascoigne [P.]. d. Y(?. (V. 159; C. 20). Cevlon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. ^ ^ ' ^ ^ [P.]. e. f, g-o. 6 (V. 138, 136 ; C. 35, Cevlon. ■.34), ? (V. 149, 149,146,152; C. 28, 27, 26, 26), & hgr. (V. 1.50,147, 1.37,146; C. 29, 29, .32, 31). 14. Oligodon ellioti. Oligodon ellioti, Giinth. Bept. Brit. Ind. p. 207, pi. xix. fig. G (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Bept. p. 321 (1890). Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as that between the praifrontals ; frontal longer than its distance U3. oi.iGODox. 24^ from the end of the snout, as long as tlie parietals ; loreal as long as deep; proeocular single; two postoculars ; temporals l-(-2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields about two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 152 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 29. Brown above, with a median series of large rhombic black spots, on each side of which is a small spot separated by a whitish border ; head with black markings, viz. an angular band across the forehead, passing through the eyes, and a second behind, with the apex on the frontal, descending to below the angle of the mouth, and con- fluent with a large nuchal spot; an angular interrupted, narrow black band across the throat ; lower surfaces whitish, unspotted. Total length 270 millim. ; tail 30. Madras Presidency. a. 2 (V. 152 ; C. 20). ^[adras Pies. Sir W. Elliot [P.]. (Type.) 15. Oligodon subgriseus. Oligodon subgriseus, Dian. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 59 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 21 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 39; Gimth. Rept. Brit. Ltd. p. 207, pi. xix. fig. F (1864J ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 48, pi. i. fig. 3 (1876) ; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Benq. xliii. 1879, p. 114; Bowleng. Fatm. hid., Rept. p. 321 (1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 237. Siniotes binotatus, Dum. ^- Bihr. t. c. p. 030; Jan, II. cc. Icon. 11, pi. vi. fig. 3 (1865) ; Gihitk. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 214. Xenodon dubium, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1853, p. 528 (1854). Oligodon spilonotiis, Gilnth. I. c. p. 207, pi. xix. fig. E. fasciatus, Giinth. I. c. p. 208, pi. xix. fig. D. Nasal divided ; portion of rostral seen from above as long as, or a little shorter than, its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals usually shorter than that between the pnefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal about as long as deep ; prteocular single ; two postoculars; temporals \-\-2; seven upper labiiils, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields one half to two thirds the length of the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 15S-218; anal usually divided: subcaudals 38-56. Brown above, with a series of large rhomboidal dark spots or trans- verse bands, or pairs of spots, with or without a more or less distinct light vertebral line ; head with, dark markings, usually consisting of a crescentio band across the forehead, through the eyes, to the fourth and fifth labials, a band, widening posteriorly, from the parietals or from the frontal to the angle of the mouth, and a large spot, bifid posteriorly, from the frontal to the nape ; the upper surface of the head sometimes almost entirely blackish 244 COLTJBRIDJS. brown, with small j'ellowish markings ; lower surfaces immaculate or with small brown spots or dots on each side. Total length 4S0 millim. ; tail 65. From Baluchistan, Sind, and Bengal to Southern India and Ceylon. A. Belly unspotted. a. 35. Rhinostonia cupreum, Gilnih. Cat. p. 9 (1858). Temnorhynchus frontalis, part., Peters, I.e. p. 236, pi. — . fig. 2. Rostral very large and broad, with sharp horizontal edge, usually in contact with the prsefrontal : a pair of internasals, separated from each other or in contact with their inner angles ; prsefrontal single (rarely divided) ; frontal large, more than half the width of the head, considerabl)' longer than the parietals ; loreal square or rather deeper than broad ; one praj- and two or three postoculars : tem- porals 24-2 or 2-1-3 ; usually seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye (rarely eight, fourth and fifth entering the eye); only one pair of well-developed chin-shields. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 125-169; anal entire; subcaudals 23-38. Pale brown above, each scale edged with darker; head yellowish, with a more or less distinct dark brown band between the eyes and a large dark brown crcsccntic blotch bordering the parietals posteriorly ; two 248 coLUBRiD.?;. rows of small brown spots along the back ; uniform whitish inferiorly. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 43. South Africa. a. $ (V. 164; C. 24). Durban, Natal. Capt. Munn [P.]. b. Hgr. (V. 15.5 ; C. 25). Orange K. Dr. Kannemeyer [P.]. c. (5(V. 154; C. 38). S. Africa. (Yy^eoiRhinosiomacupreu7n.) d-e, f'h. S (V. 144 ; C. S. Africa. 28), $ (V. 161 ; C. 23), & hgr. (V. 130, 125, 136; C. 28,27,28). 2. Prosymna frontalis. Temnorhynchus frontalis, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 236, pi. —."tig. 1. Prosyniua frontalis, Socage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. iv. 1873, p. 217, and viii. 1882, p. 288. Closely allied to P. sundevallU, but frontal smaller, not half the width of the head, rostral smaller and separated from the prae- frontal by a single band-like internasal, temporals 1 + 2, and tail more elongate. Vcntrals 167 ; subcaudals 50. Total length 135 miUim. ; tail 57. Otjimbingue and Mossamedes, S.W. Africa. 3. Prosymna ambigua. Prosymna ambiguus, Bvcaye, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1873, p. 218. Ligonirostra stuhlmanni, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamh. Wiss. A^ist. x. 1893, p. 78, pi. i. figs. 8 10. Rostral very large and broad, with angular horizontal edge ; a single internasal and a single prefrontal ; frontal large, more than half the width of the head, a little longer than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; only one pair of well-developed chin-shields. Scales smooth, in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals 133-152 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 19-34. Blackish above, each scale usually greyish in the centre ; lower parts whitish or brown. Total length 255 millim. ; tail 27. East Africa, Angola. a-k. S (V. 134, 137, 133 ; Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. C. 32, 31, .34), 2 (V. 150, 141, 151 ; C. 24, 19, 21), hgr. (V. 137, 140,140; C. 24,21,20), &yg. (V. 152; C. 22). /. Ad., bad stale. Shird Valley, Zambezi. 95. LEPIOCALAMUS. 249 4. Prosymna meleagris. Calamaria meleagris, Reinh. Vid. Selsk. Afhandl. x. 1843, p. 238, pi. i. figs, 4-6. Prixsymna meleagris, Gray, Cat. p. 80 (1849) ; Ja7i, Arch. Zvol. Aiiat. Fkys. ii. 1862, p. So. Temnorhynchus meleagris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 198. Rostral very large, with angular horizontal edge ; a single inter- nasal and a single praefrontal ; frontal at least half the width of the head, longer than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one prae- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 2 ; live upper labials, second and third entering the eye; only one pair of ■well-developed chin-shields. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Yentrals 140-170 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 22-34. Black above each scale with a whitish terminal dot : uniform yellowish white inferiorly. Total length 270 millim. ; tail 40. West Africa, a. S (V. 140 ; C. 33). Lagos. Dr. J. G. Fischer. b. (J (V. 154; C. 33). W. Africa. 5. Prosymna jani. Prosymna janii, Bianconi, Mem. Ace. Bolor/na, (2) i. 1862, p. 470, pi. i. ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fkys. ii. 1862, p. 56, and Icon. Gen. 48, pi. ii. fig. 1 (1876) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamh. iii. p. 106 (1882). Upper head-shields as in P. meleagris ; two prae- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales keeled, in 17 rows. Yentrals 117; anal entire ; subcaudals 32. Pale reddish brown above ; the greater part of the upper surface of the head and nape black, leaving a pale spotou each supraocular and a cordiform one on the middle of the nape a black cross bar on the neck, followed by a double series of bla ' spots along the anterior two thirds of the back ; yellowish wh ^^ inferiorl}'. Total length ISO millim. ; tail 32. Inhambane, Mozambique. 95. LEPTOCALAMUS. Leptocalamus, Giinth. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16. EnuUus {non Cope), Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 536 (1883). Maxillary very short, not extending forwards beyond the anterior extremity of the palatines, with 4 or 5 small teeth, followed, after an interspace, by a very large, compressed, blade-like fang ; man- dibular teeth small, equal : teeth on palatines and pterygoids few. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck ; snout depressed, strongly projecting ; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril between two nasals ; loreal (or loreal and pnTfrontal) entering the eye. Body cylindrical, 250 COLUBRID^E. elongate ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows ; ventrala rounded. Tail long, ending obtusely ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America. Sijnopsis of the Species. Scales in 17 rows ; portion of rostral visible from above one half or three fifths its dis- tance from the frontal 'rontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout; prsefrontal entering the eye 1. toi-quatus, p. 250. Scales in 17 rows ; upper portion of rostral as long as its distance from the frontal ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout ; a small prseocular .... 2. sumichrasti, p. 250. Scales in 15 rows; upper portion of rostral about one third its distance from the frontal ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout ; prsefrontal • entering the eye 3. sdateri, p. 251. 1. Leptocalamus torquatus. Leptocalamus torquatus, Gilnth. Ann. i^~ Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 17, pi. iii. fig. A. Geophis unicolor, Fischer, Ahh. natunu. Ver. Bremen, vii. 1880, p. 227, pi. XV. figs. 1-3. Enulius murinus (non Cope), Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. .537, pi. XXXV. fig. 9 (1883). Leptocalamus unicolor, Cope, Proc. A^ner. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 178 ; Giinffi. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 100 (1893). Geagras longicaudatus, Cojje, Am. Nat. 1884, p. 162. Rostral large, broad, the portion visible from above one half or three fifths its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prasfrontals, which largely enter the eyes ; frontal large, as long as broad, as long as its distauce from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; supraocular very small ; loreal as long as the nasals ; no praeocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; a single pair of small chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 177-203 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 90-102. Pale reddish brown above, uniform or with a yeUow band across the occiput ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 305 millim. Mexico. a. c? (V. 183; C. ?). S. America (?). (Type.) 2. Leptocalamus sumichrasti. Enulius sumichrasti, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 538, pi. xxxi. fig. 6 (1883). Geagras sumichrasti, Cope, Am. Nat. 1884, p. I(i2. 9f). ARRHYTON. 251 Snout shorter than in L. torquatus ; upper portion of rostral as long as its distance from the frontal ; prajfrontal separated from the eye by a small pra30cular. Scales in 17 rows. Veutrals 191 ; sub- caudals 93. Uniform grey-brown above, yellowish white beneath Total length 34(i millim. ; tail 105. Isthmus of Tehuantepec. 3. Leptocalamus sclateri. (Plate XII. fig. 1.) Hostral smaller than in L. torquatus, nearly twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; iuternasals shorter than the prefrontals, which largely enter the eyes ; frontal large, kite-shaped, slightly longer than broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; supraocular very small ; loreal longer than the nasals ; no praeocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 14-2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five small equal chin-shields, the anterior a pair in contact with three labials. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 144 ; anal divided ; sub- caudals 98. Uniform dark brown above ; head yellow, with a black blotch on the snout and another round each eye ; lower parts uni- form yellowish. Total length 380 millim. ; tail 150. • S. America. a. ? (V. 144 ; C. 98). S. America. P. L. Sclater, Estj [P.]. 96. ARRHYTON. Arrhyton, Gi'mth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 244 (1858). Cryptodacus, Gundl. ^- Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 18G1, p. 1002 ; Bocourt Mus. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 500 (1883). Colorhogia, Cojye, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 81. Maxillary bone short, with 8 small teeth, foUowed, after a con- siderable interspace, by a strongly enlarged fang; palatine and pterygoid teeth few ; mandibular teeth small, equal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided. Body cylindrical, moderately elongate ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows ; ventrals rounded, iail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Cuba. &jnopsts of the Species. Nasal semidivided; praefrontals distinct, in contact with labials 1. Uvniatum, p. 252. Wasal entire; prefrontals and loreal distinct. 2. vktatwn,^. 2h2 Nasal entire; prefrontals coalesced; loreal '^'^ti'^^t 3_ redimitum, p. 252. 252 C0LTTBRTD.15. 1. Arrhyton taeniatum. (Plate XII. fig. 2.) Arrliytou tteiiiatum, Giinth. Cat. p. 244 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 186U, p. 421 ; Gundl. Repert. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, ii. 1866, p. 116, and Erp. Ciihana, p. 75 (1880). Arrhyton fulvum, Cojie, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1862, p. 82. Eostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; nasal semi- divided ; suture between tbe internasals hardlj- half as long as that between tbe prrefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, thrice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal, prefrontal in con- tact with second labial ; one prje- and two postoculars ; temporals 1-1-2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171 ; anal divided : suljcaudals 75. Yellowish ; upper surface of head and three longitudinal streaks brown : lower parts white. Total length 230 millim. ; tail 50. Cuba. a. Hgr. (Y. 171; C 75). Cuba. Zoological Society. (Type.) 2. Arrhyton vittatum. Cryptodacus vittatus, Ginidl. cV Peters, Mon. Berl. Ar. 1861, p. 1002; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 339 ; Gundl. Repert. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, ii. 186t!, p. 116; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rapt. p. 561, pi. XXXV. fig. 7 (1883). Arrhyton bivittatum, C'o/je, Proc. Acad. Philad. 18G2, p. 82. Eostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; nasal undi- vided ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pra3frontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, much broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal square or longer than deep : one prte- and two postoculars ; temporals l-|-2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals 115-116; anal divided; subcaudals 64-73. Yellowish above, with three brown longitudinal lines, the median sometimes indistinct; yellowish white inferiorly. Total length 25)7 millim. ; tail 105. Cuba. 3. Arrhyton redimitnm. Colorhosria redimita. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 81. Cryptodacus redimitus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Repf. p. 561, pi. XXXV. Eg. 8 (1883). Nasal undivided : prefrontals fused to a single shield ; frontal broad, as broad as long, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer 97. siMopnig. 253 than deep ; one pra?- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 2 • seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin- shieids longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 141 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 120. Pale grey-brown above, with three darker longitudinal streaks ; lips and lower parts yellowish white. "^ Total length 390 millim. ; tail 90. Cuba. 97. SIMOPHIS. Rhinostoma part. i^^.»y/. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Giinth. tat. Vol. Sn. p. 8 (1858). Heterodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 96 (1837) Simopliis, Peters, 3Ion. Ber'l. Ac. 1860, p. .^^l. lihinaspis [Fitz.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 215. Maxillary teeth 20 to 22, equal ; mandibular teeth equal. Head Slightly distinct from neck, with prominent, cuneiform snout • eve moderate, pupil round ; rostral large, with obtuse transverse keel • nostril betweeu_two_ nasals. Body elongate, cylindrical; scales' sinooth, with apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals angulatc laterally lail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Brazil. 1. Simophis rhinostoma. ^^^0837)'"""'*°"'''' ''^'^^'^' ^^^'' ^"'^'- "• P- ^^^' P^- "^- ^S^- 1^- Rhinostoma schlegelii, Giinth. Cat. p. 8 (1858). Simophis rhinostoma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac I860 p S^i Rhiiiaspis proboscideus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anal Phys'. ii. 1863. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring about two third, jts distance from the frontal ; suture between "the inte-rsals a long as that between the praefrontals ; frontal a Uttle shorter than ts distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals loreal square ; one prse- and two postoculars ; temporals '> +9 .' seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four "lowlr labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as l^n' as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 170-190 • anal divided; subcaudals 64^66. Yellowish above (red in lifeV) S black rings arranged m threes, the narrow interspaces between t^he three rings black-spotted; snout black and yellow; vertex and occiput black, with a yellow bar across the frontal Lnd a round ye lowspot in themiddle of the suture between the parietals ; TelK \Mth black transverse spots in addition to the rin-s ^ Total length 510 millim. ; tail 105, " ' Brazil. «. 2(V.172;C.64). Brazil. Prof. C. Machado [P.]. 254 COLTJBRID.'E. 2. Simophis rohdii. Rhinaspis rolidei, Boetty. Zeitschr. f. Katuno. (4) iv. 1885, p. 231. Distinguished from the preceding in having the rostral more pointed behind, forming a right angle ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; and scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171 ; anal divided : subcaudals 67. Coloration same as in /S. rliinostoma. Total length 730 millim. ; tail 140. Paraguay. 98. SCAPHIOPHIS. Scaphiopbis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. G44. Maxillary teeth very small, snbequal, 12 or 1.3 on each side; mandibular teeth small, subequal. Head short, rarely distinct from neck, with broad, beak-shaped, hooked snout; rostral very large, with sharp horizontal edge, concave interiorly ; nostril a curved slit between two nasals ; a series of suboculars ; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body elongate ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 series or more ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather short ; subcaudals in two rows, or the anterior single. Tropical Africa. 1. Scaphiophis albopunctatus. Scaphiopbis albopunctatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 64-5, pi. i. tig. 4; Bocourt, Ann. So. Nat (6) ii, 1875, art. 3; Fischer, Jahrh. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. ii. 1885, p. 100, pi. iii. fig. 6 ; Boeage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 195; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 77. raffreyi, Bocourt, I. c. The upper surface of the rostral once and a half to twice as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals and prefrontals broad, the former as long as or a little shorter than the latter ; frontal a little longer than broad, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular ; parietals broken up into four shields or more ; usually two small superposed loreals : one prse- and two postoculars ; three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; temporals small, scale-like ; live upper labials, fifth very long ; a single pair of large chin- shields, in contact with three lower labials on each side. Scales ia 25 to 31 rows on the neck, 21 to 25 on the middle of the body. Ventrals 210-240 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 51-65. Pale brown above, uniform or spotted with black, or with whitish dots; lower parts white. Total length 960 millim. ; tail 160. Tropical Africa, from the coast of Guinea and the Congo to the Upper Nile and Abyssinia. «. S (Sc. 23 ; V. 214 : Remmio, E. Central Herr F. BoIiikIovIT C. 15). ' Africa. [C.]. 99. cosriA. 9!). CONTIA. Leptophis, part., Bdl, Zool. Journ. ii. 1826, p. 328 ; Baird ^- Gir. Cat. N. A7n. Bejjt. p. 106 (1853). _ Calamaria, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Herpetodryas, part., Schley. I. c. p. 173 ; Du7n. ^ Bihr. Erj). Gen. Til. p. 203 (1854). CUorosoma, part., Baird Sf Gir. I. c. p. 108. Contia, i?r/(V(^ ^- Gir. I.e. p. 110; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18G0, p. 251 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Bept. p. 556 (1883) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mils. xiv. 1892, p._599. Sonora, Baird ^- Gir. I. c. p. 117. Ablabes, part., Dimi. Sj- Bibr. t. c. p. 304 ; Gilnth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 27 (1858). Lamprosoma {non Kirby), Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 311 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 558. CoDopt.is, Gdnth. I. c. p. 6 ; Bocourt, I. c. p. 563. Cyclopbis, part., Gihith. I. c. p. 119. Toliica, Kennicott, U.S. Me.v. Bound. Sitrv. ii. Rept. p. 23 (1859); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p, 241. Chionactis, Cope, I. c. and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 604. Liopeltis, part.. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 559; Jan, Elenco sist. OJid. p. 81 (1863). Homalosoma, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 33. Oxyrliina (non Mei;/ ), Jan, I. c. p. 69. Achirhiua, Jan, I. c. p. 61. Exorliiua, Jan, I. c. Psilosoma, part., Jan, I. c. Eirenis, Jan, t. c. 1863, p. 256. Pseudoticimia, Bocourt, I. c. p. 572, Phyllophilophis, Garman, N. Am. Bept. p. 40 (1883). Pseudocyclopliis, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1888, p. 262. Pseudocyclophis, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., liept. p. 299 (1890). Maxillary teeth small, equal or subequal, 12 to 20 ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye small or moderate, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil ; nasal often single or semidinded ; loreal sometimes absent : inter- nasals sometimes fused with the prffifroutals. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, in 13 to 19 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short, moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. South-western Asia and Sind ; America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Eostral shield moderate. A. Scales keeled, in 15 rows ; ventrals 148-1G6 ; subcaudals 111-148 1. (fstiva, p. 258. B. Scales smooth. 1. Xa-sal entire (exceptionally somidividcd). 256 COLUBRID.E. a. Seven upper labials ; portion of rostral visible from above not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal. a. Ventrals 103-148. Scales in 1.5 rows ; subcaudal? 65-94 .... 2. vernalis, p. 258. Scales in 13 rows ; subcaudals 51-64 .... 3. agassizii, p. 259. Scales in 15 to 19 rows ; subcaudals 24-52. 11. coronella, p. 264. (S. Ventrals 150-235 ; subcaudals 48-85 ; scales in 15 or 17 rows. * Hostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; scales in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals 150-191. Frojtal at least twice as long as broad . . 4. decemlhieaia, i>.2iJ0 Prontal not twice as long as broad 5. collaris, p. 260. ** Rostral considerablj- broader than deep ; scales in 15 rows. t Frontal as long as the 2>arietals ; ventrals 158-171 . 6. fasciata, p. 262. ft Frontal much shorter than the parietals. Frontal once and two thirds as long as broad ; ventrals 186 7. anc/usticeps, p. 262, Frontal not once and a half as long as broad : ventrals 169-187 8- rothi, p. 262. Frontal once and a half as long as broad, about once and a half as broad as the supraocular; ventrals 194-216 9 persica, p. 263. Frontal once and a half as long as broad, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular; ventrals 211-235 10. walteri, p. 263. 6. Seven upper labials ; portion of rostral visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal. a. Scales in 13 rows ; ventrals 126-137 ; subcaudals 37-46 12. tcuilori, p, 265. /3. Scales in 15 rows. * Body without black cross bars. Ventrals 145-163 13. episcopa, p. 265. Ventrals 183 14. torqmita, p. 266. ** Body with black cross bars. Ventrals 158-167 ; subcaudals 50-52 .... 15. isozona, p. 266. Ventrals 147-158; subcaudals 34-44 16. occipitalis, p. 266. Of). CONTIA. 257 c. Eight upper labials ; veiitrala 133 ; subcaudals 50 ; scales in 17 rows 17. pachi/ura, p. 267. 2. Nasal divided or semidivided ; scales in 15 rows ; ventrals 147-107; subcaudals 29-39. Two postoculars 18. miiis, p. 267. Three postoculars 19. semiannulata, [p. 268. II. Rostral large, the portion seen from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal : scales in 17 rows. Nasal entire or semidivided; ventrals 110- 137 ; subcaudals 23-40 20. nasus, p. 268. Nasal divided ; ventrals 141-160 ; sub- caudals 38-48 21. frontalis, p. 270. Table showing Numbers of Scales and Shields. I. Old-World species. Scales. Ventrals. Caudals. Postoculars. Labials. decemlineata ... 17 15-17 15 15 15 15 15 15-19 152-175 150-191 158-171 18(5 159-187 194-216 211-235 103-148 64-85 50-78 48-62 86 40-60 03-77 73-82 2^52 2 1-2 2 1-2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 fasciata angusticeps coronella II. American species. Scales. (Bstiva vernalis agassizii ... taylori episccpa torquata isozona occipitalis ... jiachi/ura ... mitis semiannulata nasus frontalis ... 15 15 13 13 15 15 15 15 17 15 15 17 17 Ventrals. 148-1(56 119-148 128-138 126-137 145-163 183 158-167 147-158 133 147-1(57 149 110-137 141-160 Caudals. 111-148 65-94 51-64 37-46 35-57 38 50-52 34-44 50 29-39 39 23-10 38-48 Postoculars. Labials. 2 7 1-2 7 2 7 •2 7 2 o 7 2 7 2 7 2 8 o 7 3 7 •7 258 COLUBElDiE. 1. Contia sestiva. Coluber jestivus, Lhin. S. N. i. p. 387 (1766) ; Datid. E(-pt. vii. p. 101 (1803) ; Harl. Journ. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 357, and Fhjs. Med. Res. p. 121 (1835). I^eptophis festivus, Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1826, p. 329 ; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 17, pi. iii. (1842) ; Baird 8f Gir. Cat. N. Am. B.ept. p. 106 (1853), and Rep. U.S. Explor. R. R. x. pt.iii. pi. xxxii. fig. 79 (1859). Herpetodryas aestivus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 186, pi. vii. figs. 12 & 13 (1837) ; Bum. ^f Bibr. vii. p. 209 (1854). Leptophis majalis, Baird ^ Gir. II. cc. p. 107, fig. 80, and Marci/^s Explor. Red Riv. p. 232, pi. ix. (1853). (;!j-clopliis festivus, Giinth. Cat. p. 119 (1858) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 40 (1883). Opheodrys sestivus. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 560. Liopeltis 8estivu.. 1 (1840). Coronella collaris, Berth, in Wayn. Reise n. Kolchis, p. 332 (1850). Ablabes modestus, Giinfh. Cat. p. 27 (1858) ; Strauch, Sold. Russ. R. p. 36, pi. i. fig. 1 (1873) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1890, p. 294. Contia inodesta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Phtlad. 1862, p. 339. Eireuis collaris, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 257, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1800). Ablabes collaris, Strauch, I. c. p. 41, pi. i. fig. 2. Cyclophis modestus, Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 403 (1876) ; Boettg. Sitzh. Ac. Berl. 1888, p. 171, and Ber. Senck. Ges. 1892, p. 147 ; Mehely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 85. collaris, Blanf. I. c. p. 405. Ablabes modestus, var. semimaculata, Boettg. Ber. Offenh. Ver. Nat. 1876, p. 58, pi. — . Cyclopais modestus, var. punctatolineata, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1892, p. 147. Eostral a little broader tlian deep, just visible from above ; nasal undivided ; suture between the interuasals as long as or a little shorter than that between the prsefroutals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal square or a little longer than deep ; one (rarely two) prae- and two (rarely one) postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller than the anterior, and usually separated from each other by scales. Scales in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals 150-191; anal divided; sub- caudals 50-78. Pale olive above, each scale lighter in the centre ; head and nape in the young black, with yellow spots or cross bands, the black nuchal collar edged with yellow ; these markings becoming indistinct in the adult ; lower parts uniform white. Some varieties have longitudinal series of dark dots, which may form lines on the tail. Total length 480 millim. : tail 110. From the Archipelago, Cyprus, and Asia Minor to the Caucasus and Persia. a-b. S (So. 15 ; V. 151 ; C. 62) Areslisky, Gov. St. Petersburg Mu3. & 2 (Sc. 15; V. 164; C. 53). Elizabethpol. [E.]. c-d. S (Sc. 17 ; V. 176; C. 78) Constantinople. &yg.(Sc.l7; V. 165 ; C. 75). e. Many specs. (^Sc. 17), c7 (V. Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.]. 164,162, 161, 164, 168, 163, 156 ; C. 73, 64, 65, 66, 66, 68, 62), 2 (V. 172, 172 ; C. 56, 55), & yg. (V. 159, 177, 170, 150, 174; C. 67, 62, 55, 69, 63). f~g. 2 & IK- (Sc. 17 ; V. 185, Valley of the R. MacAndrew, 154 ; C. 59, 78). Meinder. Esq. [P.]. h. Yg. (Sc. 15 ; V. 158 ; C. 60). Ruins of Nine- W. K. Loftus, Esq. veh. [P.]. i-k. Yg. (Sc. 15, 17; V. 163, Euphrates Exped. 173; C.?, 61). 2(l2 COLUBEIDJi;. 6. Contia fasciata. Eirenis fasciatiis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 260, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. v. fig. 2 (1866). Cjclopliis fcisciatus, Blm^f. Zool. E. Pers. p. 406 (1876) ; Boettr/. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 920. Ablabes fasciatus, BoeWj. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 142. Rostral broader than deep ; nasal undivided ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal very small, as long as deep ; one pr?e- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 or 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; chin-shields small, posterior separated by a scale. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 158-171 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 48-62. Sandy grey above, with numerous narrow cross bands of brownish olive, breaking up into spots on the posterior third of the body and on the tail ; belly salmon-colour in life, the anterior portion of each ventral shield brown near the sides. Total length 340 miUim. ; tail 82. Syria, Persia, Transcaspia. 7. Contia angusticeps. Head narrow and elongate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; nasal undivided ; suture between the interuasals longer than that between the prajfrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, hardly once and a half as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; a very small loreal, longer than deep ; one prse- and one postocular ; temporals 1 -H 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 186 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 86. Pale greyish brown above, each scale darker in the centre ; a darker bar between the eye, another across the parietals and temples, and a third across the nape ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 340 millim. ; tail 85. Cherat, Baluchistan. This species is described from a single specimen in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, submitted to me by Mr. W. L. Sclater. 8. Contia rothi. Eirenis rothi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 259, and Ico7i. GSn. 15, pi. V. fig. 1 (1866) ; F.Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 659. Ablabes modestus {non Mart.), Giinth. Proa. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489. rothi, Boetiff. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 143. Homalosoma collaris, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 15. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal undivided ; suture between the interuasals as long as or shorter than 99. coNTiA. 263 that between the prtefrontals ; frontal not once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal very small, longer than deep ; one prae-and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin -shields smaller and in contact with each other. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 159-183 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 40-53. Brownish yellow above ; head and nape black, with three or four yellow transverse lines ; the black of the nape descending to the sides of the throat ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 55. Syria. a~b. S (V. 174 ; C. 52) & hgr. Sarona, near Senckenberg Mus. [E.j. (V. 161 ; C. 53). Jaffa. c. S (V. 159; C.47). Lebanon. Canon Tristram [C.]. d~e. Yg. (V. 159, 160; C.47, Gahlee. Canon Tristram [C.]. 47). 9. Contia persica. Cyclophis persicus, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 392, fig. ; Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 408, pi. xxviii. fig. 1 (1876), Pseuducyclopliis persicus, Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 922. Eostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the prajfrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, about once and a half as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter tlian the parietals ; no loreal, nasal touching or nearly reaching the prte- ocular ; one prae- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are at least twice as large as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 194—210 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 63-77. Yellowish or pale olive above, unsjootted ; upper surface of head and nape black, the black descend- ing in front of the eye to the anterior lower labials ; the rest of the labial region, the rostral, and the lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 400 millim. ; tail 90. The specimen in the collec- tion measures 230 ; tail 45. Persia. a. Hgr. (V. 196 ; C. 63). Persia. 10. Contia walteri. Pseudocyclophis walteri, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1888, p. 262, and Zool. Jahrb, iii. 1888, p. 922, pi. xxxiv. fig. 1 ; Boulenq. Faun, hid., Pept. p. 300 (1890), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 632. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, visible from above : nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals longer than that 264 COLUBEID^. between the praefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, and much shorter than the parietala ; loreal, if present, small, longer than deep; one praj- and one post- ocular ; temporals 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 211-235; aaal divided; subcaudals 73-82. Pale olive or reddish above, anteriorly with more or less distinct black transverse lines, posteriorly uniform or with small black spots ; head sometimes black above ; lower parts white. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 110. Transcaspia and Sind. a. Hgr. (V. 235; C. 73). Ashkabad, Trans- M. P. A. Warent- caspia. zoff [C.]. b. 9 . (V. 211 ; C. 78). Kolustau, Sind. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 11. Contia coronella. Calamaria coronella, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 48 (1837). Homalosoma coronelloides, Jmi, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 34, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. iii. fig. 5 (1865). coronella, Jan, II. cc. p. 36, pi. iv. fig. 3 ; Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 184, pi. xix. fig. 3 ; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 13. Ablabes coronella, Gi'mth. P-oc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 140. Rostral much broader than deep, well visible from above ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; nasal undivided ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as or longer than the parietals, not more than once and a half as broad as the supra- ocular; a small square loreal present or absent; one prteocular ; one postocular (rarely two); temporals 1 + 1 or 1 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields short and in contact with three or four labials, second pair very small and separated by a scale. Scales in 17 rows (rarely 15 or 19). Ventrals 103-148 ; anal divided : subcaudals 24-52. Pale brown above, with brown spots which may be confluent into transverse bands ; a broad crescentic dark brown collar, descending to and sometimes extending across the throat ; lips yellowish, with a blackish vertical streak below the eye and another between the two last labials ; yellowish white iuferiorly ; belly with round brown spots. Total length 295 millim. ; tail 45. Syria. a. 5 (Sc.l7 ; V.128 ; C. 29). Merom. Canon Tristram [C.]. 6-c. J (Sc. 17; V. 103, Lake of Galilee. Canon Tristram [C.]. 103 ; C. 28, 29). d. $ (Sc.l9 ; V.123 ; C. 24). Lebanon. Canon Tristram [C.]. e-g. 2 (Sc. 17; V. 120; Haifa. Senckenberg Museum C. 31) & yg. (Sc. 17 ; [E.]. V. 127, 123 ; C. 32, 27). I 99. coNTiA. 265 12. Contia taylori. (Plate XII. fig. 3.) Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one half to two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals as loug as or shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, longer than deep ; one prte- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 or 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials iu contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields very small and separated from each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 126-137 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-46. Pale brown above, each scale darker along the centre ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 270 millim. ; tail 55. Texas, North Mexico. a-c. c? (V. 126, 133, 137 ; Duval Co., Texas. W. Tavlor, Esq. [P.]. 0. 46, 46, 46). d. 2 (V. 136 ; C. 37). Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.] 13. Contia episcopa. Lamprosoma episcopum, Kennicott, U. S. Mex. Bound. Sitrv., Rept. p. 22, pi. viii. fig. 2 (18o9) ; Booourt, Miss. Sc. Mex:, Rept. p. 559, pi. xxxiv. fig. 4 (1883). Contia episcopa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 251, and Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, 1880, p. 20 : Gann. N. Am. Rept. p. 94, pi. vi. fig. 2 (1883) ; Cup)e, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 600. Homalosoma episcopum, Jnn, Arch. Zool. An. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 35, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. iv. fig. 2 (1865). Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pra3- frontals: frontal about once and a half as long as broad, broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, longer than de^p ; one praj- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2 or 1 + 1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields very small. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145-163 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 35-57. Uniform yellowish or greenish brown, each scale with a lighter margin ; lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 250 millim. ; taU 60. Texas, North Mexico. a-b. cJ (V. 145 ; C. 57) k hgr. Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. (V. 148; C. 48). 266 COLUBEIDJE. 14. Contia torquata. Contia episcopa torquata, Cojye, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, 1880, p. 21. Like C. episcopa, but ventrals 183. Subcaudals 38. Groiind- colour light yellow tinged with brown above ; three median dorsal rows of scales orange ; top of head, from anterior border of frontal to end of parietals, black ; a black cross band on the nape ; some- times a dark stripe along each side of the body ; lips and below immaculate. N.W. Texas. 15. Contia isozona. Contia isozona, Cope, Proc. Acad. PMlad. 1866, p. 304 ; Yarrow, Wheeler's Rep. E.vplor. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 637, pi. xviii. fig. 1 (1875) ; G«m. N. Am. Eept. p. 92 (1883). episcopa isozona, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, p. 21 (1880). Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about halt' its distance from the frontal ; nasal un- divided ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a small loreal, longer than deep ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 -|- 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small and separated by a scale. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 158- 167 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 50-52. Orange above, with black cross bands ; tail with complete annuli ; loreal and postocular region, posterior half of frontal and supraoculars, and anterior half of parietals black ; sides and lower surface whitish. Total length 250 millim ; tail 50. Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Texas. a. 2 (V. 159 ; C. 50). Fort Yuma, Arizona. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 16. Contia occipitalis. Rhinostoma occipitale, Halloio. Proe. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 95. Lamprosoma occipitale, Halloio. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 110; Baird, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept. p. 21, pi. xxi. fig. 1 (1859) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex.. Rept. p. 558, pi. xxxiv. fig. 6 (188.3). Chionactis occipitalis, Coj^e, Clieck-List N. Am. Rept. p. 35 (1875), and Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 605. Contia occipitalis, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 91 (1883). Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prss- frontals ; frontal not once and a half as long as broad, broader than the supraoculars, longer than its distance from the end of the 99. coNTiA. 267 snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal very small, longer than deep; one pnu- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small and separated from each other. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-158 (172?): anal divided: subcaudals 34-44. Yellowish above, reddish in the middle, with black transverse bands forming complete annuli round the tail ; white iuferiorly. Total length 285 millim. ; tail 56. Arizona and Texas. 17. Contia pachyura. Contia pachyura, Cope, Journ. Ac. Pliilad. viii. 1876, p. 145. Frontal rather elongate, but shorter than the parietals ; loreal large, deeper than long : one pras- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 -}- 1 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; chin- shields equal, rather elongate. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 133 ; subcaudals 50. Black, the lower lateral rows of scales with a rufous shade ; scales of the first row with grey tips ; head blackish brown, with a black line from eye above labials ; latter yellowish, unspotted ; beUy yellowish, each shield with a black extremity. Total length 335 millim. Sipurio, Costa Eica. 18. Contia mitis. Contia mitis, Baird ^- Gir. Cat. N. Am.Rept. p. 110 (1853) ; Girard, U.S. Erplor. Exped., Kerp. p. 125, pi. x. figs. 6-12 (1858), and Rep. U.S. Erplor. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xxxvi. fig. 7 (1859) ; Cojie, Proc. Ac. Pliilad. 1861, p. 74; Gann. A". Am. Rept. p. 93 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. So. Mex., Rept. p. 557, pi. xxxiv. fig. 3 (1883). Ablates purpureocaiida, Giiidh. Cat. p. 245 (1858). Homalosoma mite, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 35, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1865). "Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided or semidivided ; suture between the internasals as long as or shorter than that between the praefrontals ; frontal not once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, longer than deep ; one prffi- and two postoculars; temporals l-|-2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields verv small and in contact with each other. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-167 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 29-39. Brown above, sides darker; a j'ellowish line along each side of the back; a blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, and a black spot on the rostral ; ventrals whitish, with a broad black anterior border. Total length 310 millim. : tail 40. California. 268 COLIJBRIDJ.. ('. d (V. 147; C. 36). California. Smithsonian Institution. (As typical of C. mitis.) i-c. J ( V. 160 ; C. 35) & California. Mr.Bridges[C.]. (Types 2 (V. 166 ; C. 32). of A. purpureocauda.) d. Yg. (V. 151 ; C. 34). Murphy, California. Christiania Mus. e. $ (V. 161 ; C. 29). Vancouver Id. H.M.S. ' Plumper.' 19. Contia semiannulata. Sonora semiannulata, Baird S, Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 117 (1853), and Rep. U. S. Eiplor. R. R. x. pt. iii. pi. xxxiii. fig. 88 (1859), and U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept. pi. xix. fig. 3 (1859). Contia semiannulata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 90 (1883). Nasal divided ; frontal broader than the supraocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one prteocular ; three postoculars, upper largest and slightly touching the frontal; temporals 1+2; seven ujjper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 149 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 39. Orange above, with black cross bands, which form annuli round the tail ; sides and belly dull green. Total length 240 millim. ; tail 50. Sonora. According to Cope (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv, 1892, p. 601) this species may prove to be the same as C. isozona, the bad state and abnormal condition of Baird and Girard's specimens possibly accounting for the differences on which the two have been separated. 20. Contia nasus. Conopsis nasus, Giinth. Cat. p. 6 (1858); Peters, Mun. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 563, pi. xxxv. fig. 2 (1883) ; Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 97, pi. xxxiv. fig. B (1893) Oxyrhina varians, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 60. (Exorhina) maculata, Jan, I. c. p. 61, and Icon. Gen. 48, pi. ii. figs. 2-4 (1876). Conopsis maculatus, Bocourt, I. c. p. 564, pi. xxxv. fig. 3. lineatus, Bocourt, I. c. p. 565, pi. xxxv. fig. 4, and Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1892, p. 41. varians, Bocourt, I. c. p. 566, pi. xxxv. fig. 5 ; Duges, La Natu- raleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 123. Ficimia nasus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 83 (1883). maculata, Garm. I. c. p. 84. Chionactis diasii, Cop)e, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. 1886, p. 188. Snout prominent, more or less pointed. Rostral large, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; inter- nasals often fused with the praefrontals ; nasal entire or semi- divided ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals, once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as the supraocular ; a small square loreal present or absent ; one prae- and two (rarely one) postoculars ; temporals l-f-2 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin- 99. CONTJA. L>(J9 shields short and in contact with three or four lahials ; second pair very small. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 110-137; anal divided; suhcaudals 23-40. Grey or pale brown above, with dark brown (sometimes light-edged) spots or cross bands, or with a series of small dark spots forming a vertebral stripe, which may be accom- panied by another more or less distinct stripe along each side ; upper surface of head speckled with dark brown, sometimes with symmetrical markings ; belly yellowish or red, uniform or with blackish dots or square black spots. Total length 290 millim. ; tail 50. Mexico. A. Internasals distinct. «-e. f? (V. 123 ; C. 36) & La Cumbre de los Dr. A. C.BuUer [C.l 2 (V. 137, 133, 13o, Arrastrados, Tal- 128; C. 29, 31, 28, pa Mascota, Ja- 28). lisco. f-ff. Yg. (V. 1.35, 122; Puebla. Paris Museum TE.]. C. 30, 26). -' h-l. $ (V. 129, 1.33, 131 ; S. Mexico. Mr. H. H. Smith [0.1. C. 30, 30, 31) & vg. F. D. Godman, Esq. (V. 125 ; C. 29). [P.]. m. S (V. 131 ; C. 35). Mexico. B. Internasal distinct on one side, fused with the praefrontal on the other. 71-0. Yg. (V. 128, 122 ; C. La Cumbre de los Dr. A. C. BuUer [C.J. 27, 39). Arrastrados. C. Internasals fused with the praefrontals. p-r. d (V. 128, 125; C. La Cumbre de los Dr. A. C. Buller fCl 38, 37) & 5 (V. 133 ; Arrastrados. C. 29). s-tv. d (V. 115, 119 ; C. Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith TC 1 33, .36), $ (V. 130, F. D. Godman, Esq.' 129; C. 23, 26), &yg. rp.1. ^ (V. 129 ; C. 28). -r. c? (V. 132 ; C. 36). Milpas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer y-S. cS (V. 131, 128; C. Mexico. M.SaUerC.l. (Types.) 40, 39) & 2 (V. 129, J V Jf ^ 128, 130, 132; C. 31, ?, 33, 33). €. d (V. 131 ; C. 35). CaUfornia (?). Mr. Bridges [C.]. Toluca lineata, Kennicott, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept p. 23, pi. xxi. fig. 2 (1859), and Rep. U.S. Explor. R. R. x. pt. iii'. pi. XXXV. fig. 8 (1859),= OxyrUm (AcMrJiina) defilippii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 61, are based on what are, in all probability, anomalous specimens of C. nasus, in which the frontal shield is so produced anteriorly as to separate the prae- frontals. 27<' COLUBRIDiE. 21. Contia frontalis. Toluca frontalis, Co/je, Proc. Ac. PMlad. 1864, p. 167. Ficimia olivacea, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 875. Pseudoficimia pulchra, ^ocowr^. Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 672, pi. xxxv. fig. 12 (1883). Ficimia frontalis, Garon. N. Am. Rept. p. 82 (1883). Geagras frontalis, Cope, Am. Nat. 1884, p. 163. Pseudoficimia frontalis, Gmitli. Biol. C.-Ain., Rept. p. 96 (1893). Suout short, projecting, pointed, slightly turned up at the end, concave above. Rostral large, its upper portion as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; nasal divided ; internasals shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as long, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; sui)raocular about one third the width of the frontal ; no loreal ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; seven upper labials, second or second and third in contact with the prasfrontal, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 141-160 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 38-48. Pale brown above, yellowish along the middle of the back, with three longitu- dinal series of brown, black-edged spots, those of the middle series largest, broader than long ; a brown black-edged cross bar between the eyes, and vermiculations of the same colour on the back of the head ; upper lip whitish, with some vertical brown spots ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 245 millim. ; taU 47. Mexico. a. cJ (V. 150 ; C. 48). Ventanas, Durango. Ilr. A. Forrer [C.l. b. Hgr. (V. 153 ; C. 47). Presidio, nr. Mazatlan. Ilr. A. Forrer [C.]. 100. FICIMIA. Ficimia, Gi-ay, Cat. Sn. p. 80 (1849^; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 68 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 569 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 98 (1893). Amhlymetopon, Gibith. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 7 (1858). Gyalopion, t'o/je, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 243, and P-oc. U.S. 'Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 603. MaxiUary teeth 13 to 15, small, equal ; mandibular teeth small, equal. Head not distinct from neck ; snout projecting, pointed ; eye small, with round pupil ; rostral very large, in contact with or approaching the frontal ; internasals small or absent ; nostril pierced in a divided or semidivided nasal, the anterior portion of which is fused with the first labial ; no loreal, praefrontal in contact with the labials. Body cylindrical, short; scales smooth, with apical jiits, in 17 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short : subcaudals in two rows. Arizona, Texas, Mexico. 100. FICIMIA. 271 Synopsis of the Species. Rostral shield forming a suture with the frontal 1. olivacea, p. 271. Eostral shield separated from the frontal ; seven ■well-developed upper labials . . 2. tana, p. 272. Rostral shield separated from the frontal ; [p. 272. seventh upper labial very small .... 3. quadrangularis, 1. Ficimia olivacea. Ficimia olivacea, Gray, Cat. p. 80 (1849) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixii. i. 1870, p. 344, pi. vi. ; Boeourt, Miss. So. 3Ie.v., Eept. p. 570, pi. XXXV. fig. 11 (188.3) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Bepf. p. 98, pi. xxxv. ligs. B & C (1893). Amblymetopon variegatum, Giinth. Cat. p. 7 (1858). Ficimia elaiocroma, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 58. publia, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 126, and Am. Nat. 1884, p. 163 ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 98. variegata. Cope, I. c. olivacea, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 875. oruata, Boeourt, I. c. p. 571, pi. xxxv. fig. 10. Snout short, concave above, and strongly turned up at the end. Rostral forming a broad suture with the frontal, separating the praofrontals ; internasals small or absent ; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; supraocular about one third the width of the frontal ; one proe- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 or 1+2; seven upper labials, second in contact with the prsefrontal, third and foui'th entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small, scale-like. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 138-160 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 34-42. Total length 390 millim. ; tail 65. Mexico. A. Uniform dark brown above, white below. {F. olivacea. Gray.) a-b. S (V. 152, 150 ; Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck [C.]. C. 42, 41). (Types.) In one of the specimens the internasals are fused with the prse- frontals, whilst in the other the internasal is distinct on one side. B. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown transverse spots or cross bars ; sides with dark brown spots ; head with symmetrical dark markings ; lower parts uniform white. a. Internasals distinct. {F. inihlia. Cope.) a. Yg. (V. 140 ; C. 36). Cuemavaca. M. Boucard [C.l. h. Yg. (V. 142 ; C. 36). Yucatan. 2^2 COLUBEID^. b. Internasals fused with prsefrontals. (A. variegatum, Gthr.) c. Yg. (V. 160 ; C. 37). Mexico. M. Salle [C.]. ( d. $ (V. 149 ; C. 36). Mexico. I (Types oi A. variegatum.) e. Hgr. 2 (V. 142; C. 35). Mexico. 2. Ficimia cana. Gyalopion camim, Cojie, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 243; Yarrow, Wlieeler's Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. W. lOOfh Mer. v. p. 624, pi. xviii. fig. 2 (1875). Ficimia cana. Garni. N. Am. Rept. p. 83 (1883) ; Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 99 (1893). Closely allied to the preceding, but rostral pointed behind and wedged in between the prsefrontals ; internasals present, small ; seven upper labials, as in the preceding. Ventrals 130-131 ; sub- caudals 28. Pale yellowish or reddish brown above, with brown, dark-edged cross bars, which are broken up into spots on the sides ; a large triangular dark spot on the nape, with the point between the parietals ; a dark band across the head, to the lower labials, passing through the eyes across the iuterocular region ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 205 millim. ; tail 28. Arizona and Western Texas. «. $ (V. 131 ; C. 28). El Paso, Texas. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 3. Ficimia quadrangularis. Ficimia quadrangularis, Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 99, pi. xxxv. fig. A (1893). Scaling as in F. cana, but seventh upper labial very small, scale- like. Ventrals 129 ; subcaudals 23. Ground-colour nearly white, each scale with a narrow brown margin ; a series of large sub- quadrangular blackish-brown spots along the back ; no spots on the sides ; a large blackish band on the nape, confluent with a large blackish blotch covering the frontal and supraocular shields and the greater part of the parietals ; lower parts white. Total length 320 millim. ; tail 37. Western Mexico. a 9 (V. 129 : 0, 23). Presidio, near Mazatlan. Hr. A. Forrer FC.]. (Type.) 101. CHILOMENISCUS. Chilomeniscus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 339, and 1861, p. 302, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 593. Maxillary teeth equal or the posterior a little stouter. Head not distinct from neck ; snout rounded, very prominent, and much depressed ; eye small, with round pupU ; rostral large ; no loreal ; % 1U2. nuMAI-OSOMA. 27'i nasal sinj^le, confluent with the intcriiasal. Body cjlimlrical, short ; scales smooth, with apical pits, iu 13 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subeaudals in two rows. Lower California, Sonera, Arizona. 1. Chilomeniscus stramineus. Chilomeniscus stramineus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Thilad, 1860, p. 339, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 594. cinctus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Ph'dad. 18G1, p. 303. Carphophis straminea, Garm. N. Am. liept. p. 99 (1883). ciucta, Gann. I. a. p. 100. Chilomeniscus stramineus fasciatus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 595. Internasals separated by the rostral or forming a short suture ; frontal a little longer than broad, nearly as long as the parietals ; supraocular verj- small ; nasal not reaching the single prteocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields in contact with the symphysial, twice as long as the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 108-117; anal divided; subeaudals 21-26. Reddish brown above, dotted with dark brown, or with black cross bars which may form complete annuli. Total length 235 millim. ; tail 33. Lower California and Sonera. 2. Chilomeniscus ephippicus. Chilomeniscus ephippicus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1875, p. 85 ; CoKcs, Wheeler's Rep. Exphr. Sun: W. lOOth Mer. v. p. 025, pi. xviii. fig. 3 (1875). Rostral entirely separating the internasals ; frontal a little longer than broad, nearly as long as the parietals ; nasal in contact with the prajocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 1 ; seven upper labials, thii-d and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields separated from the symphysial, posterior very small. Scales iu 13 rows. Ventrals 113; anal divided; subeaudals 28. Reddish or yellow above, with black cross bars which do not quite reach the ventrals ; tail with nearly complete black rings ; snout red, rest of head black ; belly white. Total length 140 millim.; tail 20. Nevada and Arizona. 102. HOMALOSOMA. Duberria, part., Fitzimj. N. Class. Bept. p. 29 (1820). Homalosoma, War/l. Si/st. Amph. p. 190 (1830) ; Bum. 8f Bihr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 109 (18n4) ; GUntk. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 19 (1858) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamh. iii. p. 107 (1882). Calamaria, part., Seidell. P/n/s. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Homalosoma, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Aiiat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 33. Maxillary short, with 10 to 12 t«eth ; maxillary and mandibular vor,. II. X 274 . COLUBRID.E. teeth small, anterior longest. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril in a single nasal ; loreal small or absent. Body cylindrical, short ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Africa. Fig. 19. Maxillary and mandible of Homalosoma tutrix. Synopsis of the Species. I. Ventrals 115-144. A. Nasal not in contact with praeocular ; usually two postoculars ; frontal as long as parietals .... 1. lutrix, p. 274. B. Nasal in contact with praeocular ; one postocular ; frontal shorter than parietals. Frontal much longer than broad ; suture between the internasals longer than that between the prsefrontals 2. sliiranum, p. 276. Frontal scarcely longer than broad; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefroutals 3. ahyssinicum, p. 276. II. Ventrals 97-110; nasal not in contact with praeocular; two postoculars ; frontal as long as parietals. 4. variegatum, p. 276. 1 . Homalosoma lutrix. Coluber lutrix, Linn. S. N. i. p. 375 (1706). duberria {Klein), Men: Beitr. p. 7, pi. i. (1790). Elaps duberria, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 297 (1801). Coluber tetragonus, Lati: Hept. iv. p. 97 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 207 (1803). arctiventris, Daud. t. c. p. 221 ; Kuhl, Beitr. p. 82 (1820). Duberria arctiventris, Fitzi?}(/. N. Class. Bept. p. 55 (1820). Calamaria arctiventris, Schleg. Phys. Serj). ii. p. 30, pi. i. figs. 24-26 (1837). Homalosoma arctiventris, S?nith, III. Zool. S. A/r., Bept., App. p. 16 (1849). lutrix, Bum. &r Bibr. vii. p. 110 (1854) ; Gilnth. Cat. p. 20 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 33, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. iii. fig. 3 (1865). Cyclophis catenatus, Theob. Cat. Bept. As. Sac. Mus. 1868, p. 49. 102. HOMiLOSOMA. 27o Rostral broader thnn deep, visible from above ; suture between the internasals a little shorter than or nearly as long as that between the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals, once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as tlie supraocular ; nostril in the anterior half of the nasal, which is never in contact with the priBOCular ; a small square loreal usually present ; one pra>- and two (rarely one) post oculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-sliields in contact with each other, the anterior in contact with three or four labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 115-144; anal entire ; subcaudals 21-46. Coloration very variable ; belly and lower surface of tail uniform yellowish in the middle and gi'eyish on the sides, usually with a regular lateral series of black dots. Total length 390 millim. ; tail 65. South Africa. A. Pale brown or yellowish above, with a vertebral series of black dots ; greyish olive or plumbeous on the sides, which are limited above by a series of black dots ; lateral ventral dots large. a-e. S (V. 122, 127 ; C.35, S. Africa. Sir J. Macgrigor [P.]. 40), hgi-. (V. 127, 127; C.34,33),&yg. (V. 119; 0.31). f-q. $ (V. 134,126; C. 28, S. Africa. 33;. h. cT , skeleton. S. Africa. B. Reddish brown above, blackish olive on the sides, greyish towards the belly ; a fine black vertebral line ; lateral ventral dots large. t. 2 (V. 126; C. 27). S.Africa. C. Like the preceding, but the vertebral line and the ventral dots indistinct. k. 2 (V. 118; C. 37). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. D. Uniform olive-brown above, passing to greyish on the sides ; the lateral ventral dots very small. /. (S (V. 115 ; C. 45). S. Africa. E. Reddish brown or brick-red above, grey on the sides ; lateral ventral dots well marked. m. S (V. 118 ; C. 42). S. Africa. »i. 2 (V. 128; C. 37). Port Elizabeth. Mr. J. L. Drege [}'.]. t2 276 COLUBUIB.?:. F. Uniform reddish browu above and on the sides ; lateral ventral dots well marked. o. (S (V. 125 ; C. 46). Port Elizabeth. J. M. Leslie, E?q. [P.]. 2. Homalosoma shiranum. (Plate XIII. fig. 1.) Homalosoma lutrix (non L.), Giinth. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 555. Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; suture between the internasals thrice as long as that between the prsefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular ; nostril in the anterior half of the nasal ; no loreal, nasal forming a suture with the prte- ocular ; one proe- and one postocular ; temporals 1 + 2 ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of short chin- shields in contact with each other, the anterior in contact with three labials. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 142 ; anal entire ; sub- caudals 33. Uniform olive-brown above ; belly yellowish white in the middle ; outer ends of ventrals and lower rows of scales grey. Total length 310 millim. ; tail 47. Nyassaland. a. 2 (V. 142 ; C. 33). Shire Highlands. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. 3. Homalosoma abyssinicum. (Plate XIII. fig. 2.) Homolosoma lutrix (wo?? L.), Blanf. Zool. Abyss, p. 458 (1870). Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; suture between the internasals hardly half as long as that between the praefrontals ; frontal scarcely longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, a little broader than the supraocular ; nostril in the anterior half of the nasal ; no loreal, nasal forming a suture with the prsocular; one prae- and one postocular ; temporals l-|-2 ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other, the anterior in contact with three labials. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 120 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 32. Olive-brown above, with a fine, interrupted, black vertebral line ; sides black, dotted with ■whitish ; belly greyish olive, spotted and freckled with black on the sides. Total length 235 millim. ; tail 43. Abyssinia. a. S (V. 120; C. 32). Ashangi. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 4. Homalosoma variegatum. Homalosoma variegatum, Peters, Mmi. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. C22, and Peise n. Mossnmb. iii. p. 107, pi. xvi. fig. 1 (1882) ; Boitleng. Ann. Sf May. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 140. 103. ABLA13i;S. 277 Eye ratlier larger than in H. lutri.r. llostral broader than long, visible from above ; suture between the iuternasals a little longer than that between the prtTefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular ; nostril just anterior to the middle of the nasal ; a small loreal, nearly as deep as long; one pra?- and two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other, the anterior in contact with three labials. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 97-110 ; anal entire; subcaudals 25-36. Belly reticulated black and whitish. Total length 250 millim. ; tail 33. South-east Africa (Inhambane and Delagoa Bay). A. Dark brown above, with irregular lichen-like brownish-white variegation. «. 5 (V. 110; C. 25). Delagoa Bay. S.-African Museum [P.]. B. Olive-brown above, with three series of dark brown spots. 6. J (V. 97 ; C. 36). Delagoa Bay. S.-African Museum [P.]. 103. ABLABES. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837). Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. I. c. p. 17-j. Ablabes, part., Dum. cS- Bihr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 304 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 27 (1858), and liept. Brit. Ind. p. 223 (1864). Cyclophis, part., Giinth. II. cc. pp. 1 19, 229. Euryphohs, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 493. Liopeltis, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 559; Jan, Eleuco sist. qfid. p. 81 (1863). Homalosoma, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 33. Diadophis, part., Jan, t. c. 1863, p. 261. Cyclophiops, Boulenq. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vi. 1888, p. 599. Ablabe.'!, Bouleny. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 304 (1890). Maxillary teeth small, equal, 15 to 30; mandibular teeth sub- equal. Head not or scarcely distinct from neck ; eye rather small or moderate, with round pupil ; loreal present or absent ; nasal entire or divided. Body cylindrical, usually slender ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 13 to 17 rows ; ventrals not angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. South-easteru Asia and Japan. 278 COLUBRID^. Si/no2}sis of the Sjjecies. I. Scales in 15 rows. A. Scales feebly keeled 1. semkarinatus, p. 278. B. Scales smooth. 1. Seven or eight upper labials. a. Loreal present ; nasal divided or semidivided. Eostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep ; anal divided .... 2. major, p. 279. Rostral as deep as broad ; anal entire . . 3. doruv, p. 279. Eostral much broader than deep 4. frenatus, p. 280. /3. Loreal present ; nasal single . 5. stoliczkce, p. 281. y. No loreal ; nasal single. Snout twice as long as the ej-e 6. tricolor, p. 281. Snout not twice as long as the eye .... 7. calamaria, p. 282. 2. Six upper labials ; nasal divided ; loreal present. 8. rappii, p. 282. II. Scales in 13 rows. A. Tail not more than one third of the total length. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye 9. haliodirus, p. 283. Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye 10. scriptus, p. 284. B. Tail more than one third of the total length ; subcaudals 77- 103 11. longicauda, p. 284. III. Scales in 17 rows 12. nicohariensis, p. 285. 1. Ablabes semicarinatus. Eurypholis semicarinatus, HaUow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1800, p. 403. Cyclophis nebulosus, Giinth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 418, pi. xix. fig. C. Ablabes semicarinatus, Bouleng. Proc, Zool. Sac. 1887, p. 148. Eostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided ; eye a little more than half the length of the snout ; suture between the iuternasiils much shorter than that between the prae- froutals ; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal about twice as long as deep ; one pr;e- and two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower 103. ABLABKS. 279 labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 1 5 rows, with a very feeble keel along- their anterior halt. Ventrals 174-192 ; anal divided ; siibcaudals 70-82. Olive above, the scales lij^hter in the centre ; the lower scale on each side yellowish, margined with olive or black ; young with dark spots anteriorly and four dark longitudinal bands on the hinder half of the body, which disappear or become rather indistinct in the adult ; upper lip and lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 770 millim. ; tail 160, Loo Choo Islands and Japan. a-e. cS (V. 190, 190, 190; Loo Choo Ids. H. Pryer, Esq. [P.]. C. 82, 76, ?) & 2 (V. 192, 187 ; U. 70, 72). /. Yg. (Y. 185 ; C. 76). Great Loo Choo Mr. Hoist [C.]. Island. g. Yg. (V. 174 ; C. 74). Nagasaki. Mr. Whitely [C.]. (Type of C. nebulostis.) 2. Ablabes major. Cyclophis major, Giinth. Cat. p. 120 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 230, pi. xvii. fig. I (1864). Herpetodryas chloiis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philnd. 1860, p. 503. Ablabes major, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1894, p. 140. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided ; eye about two thirds the length of the snout; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and tifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are broader and a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 1.5 rows. Ventrals 103-177; anal divided; subcaudals 70-87. Uniform green above, yellow beneath. Total length 960 millim. ; tail 250. China. rt. 2 (Y. 103; C. 71). NearNingpo. (Tvpe ) b. 2(Y. 170; C. 82). Chusan Archipelago. J . J . Walker, Esq. [P.] c. (J (V. 164; C. 79). Sliaugbai. R. Swiuhoe, Esq. [ C ^ d-e. 5 (V. 170; C. 87) & Mountains North of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C yg. (Y. 166; C. 82). Kiu Kiang. /-«. 2 (V. 170, 168, 176, Island of Formosa. R. Swiuhoe, Esq. [C.]. 171 ; C. 86, 86, 85, 83). k-m. 2 (V. 168, 171, 160 ; China. C. 70, 76, 77). 3. Ablabes dorise. Cvclophlops dorife, Bouleiiy. Ann. Mus. Getwra, (2) vi. 1888. p. 599, 'pi. vi. Og. 1. 280 COLUBRIDiE. Ablabes dorite, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 306 (1890) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 235. Snout convex, profile curved from the frontal region to the lip ; rostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; nostril between two nasals ; internasals a little shorter than the prajfrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, a little longer than deep ; a large prseocular, usually with a second, very small, below ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 or 2 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about half as largo as the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 173-187 ; anal undivided; subcaudals 77-80. Uniform green above, white below, the green colour extending on to the ends of the ventrals. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 210. Kakhyen Hills and Assam. a. Yg. (V. 173 ; C. 77). Kakhyen Hills. M. L. Fea [C.]. (One of the types.) 4. Ablahes frenatus. Dipsas monticola {non Cant.), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xxiii. 1854, p. 294. Cyclophis frenatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 120 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ivd. p. 230, pi. xix. fig. I (1864) ; Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 80 ; Anders. Proc. Zoul. Soc. 1871, p. 188 ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 157 (1876) ; Blanf. Zool. E. Persia, p. 408 (1876). Ablabes frenatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 306 (1890). Snout short, convex ; eye rather large, three fourths the length of the snout ; rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal divided or semidivided, suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prsefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; loreal small, as long as deep or a little longer ; one pra30cular ; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1 + 2, rarely 2 -[- 2 ; upper labials seven, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 151-163 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 87-90. Olive above, the scales on the anterior part of the body black-edged ; a broad black stripe from the eye to the nape, gradually narrowing and disappearing on the anterior fourth of the body ; four light longi- tudinal narrow lines more or less distinct on the front half of the body ; lower surface uniform j'ellow. Total length 690 miUim. ; tail 230. Khasi Hills ; Assam. a. 6 (V. 161 ; C. 95). ["Mountains near Af- Dr. Griffith. E. India ghanistan."] Khasi Co. [P.]. (Type.) Hills. b. Hgr. (V. 151:0. 87). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdou, Esq. [P.]. c. S (V. 163; C. 96). [Mesopotamia.] 103. AHLAiiEs. 281 5. Ablabes stoliczkaB. Ablabi-s stoliczkfo, l}\ L. Sc/afer, Journ. As. Soc. Heyig. Ix. lSf»l, p. 234, 111. vi. fig. 1 ; Boulemj. Ann. Mm. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 325. Snout rather long and much depressed, twice as long as the dia- meter of the eye ; rostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal undivided, thrice as long as deep ; internasals a little shorter than the prsefrontals ; frontal not broader than the supra- ocular, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter tlian the parietals ; a small loreal : one proe- and two post- oculars ; temporals l-\-2\ eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 150-154; anal divided; subcaudals 116-134. Pale olive-brown above ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white ; a black streak from the eye along the temple and the side of the neck, separating the brown colour of the upper parts from the white of the lower. Total length GOO millim. ; tail 255. Mountains of Burma and Assam. 6. Ablabes tricolor. Herpetodrvas tricolor, Sclileg. PJiys. Serp. ii. p. 187, pi. vi. figs. 16- 18 (18.:37). Cyclophis tricolor, Giinth. Cat. p. 121 (18.58), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 590 ; Sfoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Be?u/. xlii. 1873, p. 122. Liopeltis tricolor. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 559 ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 31, pi. vi. fig. 2 (1869). Snout rather long and depressed, twice as long as the diameter of the eye ; rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals as long as or a little shorter than that between the prajfrontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal, the priefrontal in contact with the second and third labials ; one proe- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 i-ows. Ventrals 140-187 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 103-130. Olive or greenish above ; a black streak on each side of the head and anterior part of the body, passing through the eye ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white ; a pale olive streak along each side of the belly. Total length 560 millim. ; tail 220. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. a. c?(V. 140; C. 118). Java. Leyden Museum. (One of the tvpes.) h. 2 (V. 187 ; C. 108). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. 282 COLUBRID^. c-e. 6 (V. 153, IfiO; C. Borneo. L. L. Dilhvyn, Esq. [P.]. 125, 124) & 5 (V. 171; C. 127). /. cT (V. 158; C. 130). Eorneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. g. $ (V. 148; C. 103). ? Dr.Bleeker. {Ablabesschlegelii, Blkr.) 7. Atlabes calamaria, Cyclophis calamaria, Gi'mth. Cat. p. 250 (1858), and Ee2)t. Brit. Inch p. 231, pi. xvii. fig. K (1864). Homalosoma balioliim, Ja7i, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phi/s. ii. 1862, p. 36, and Iron. Gen. 13, pi. iv. fig. 4 (I860). Cyclophis uasalis, Gi'mth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 231, pi. xvii. fig. M. Ablabes calamaria, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 305 (1890). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal single and united with the loreal ; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prefrontals or shorter ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parie- tals ; one pra'ocular (rarely two) ; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 130-154; anal divided; subcaudals 64-76. Pale brown above, with or without two more or less distinct black loDgitudinal lines ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 410 millim. : tail 110. Ceylon, Madras Presidency, Bombay. a,h. S (V. 130, 134; C. Ceylon. (Types.) 75, 76). c. cS (V. 1.34; C. 68). Ceylon. R.Templeton,Esq.[P.]. d. 5 (V. 136; C. 64). Kotai.iri,Nilgherries. Dr.J.R.HendersonLP.]. e. Hgr. (V. 142; C. 64). Sevagherrv Ghat. Col. Beddome [C.l. /. 2 (V. 130 : C. 69). Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [C.J. y-i. 2 (V. 154, 143, 154 ; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.]. C. 70, 68, 64). k. 2 (V. 149; C. 72). ? Dr. Gunther [P.]. (Type of C. nasalis.) 8. Ablabes rappii. Ablabes rappii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 154, pi. xxvi. fig. B, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 225 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 171 : Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 307 (1890). owenii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 155, pi. xxvi. fig. A. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; nostril between two nasals ; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prajfrontals ; frontal slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep ; one prosocular ; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the jiarietal ; temporals 1 + 1 ; six upper labials, third and fourth 103. ABLABES. 283 entering the eye ; four lowor labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which equal or a little exceed the posterior in length. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 178-195; anal divided; subcaudals 60-75. Brown above, with a broad dark collar and a double series of transverse dark s])ots on the anterior part of the body ; these markings most distinct in the young ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 460 millim. ; tail 110. Himalayas from Simla to Darjeeling. a. (5 (V. 185 ; C. 63). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagiutweit [C.]. (Type.) d. Yg. (V. 184 ; C. GO). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit [0.]. (TypeoiA.oivemi.) c-d. S (V. 189; G. 74) & Darjeeling. W.T. Blauford,Esq. [P.]. hgr. (V. 178 ; C. 68). «. c? (V. 180; C. 71). Darieeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. /. d (V. 182 ; C. 69) & Darjeeling. hgr. (V. 184; C. 75). ff. 2 (V. 195; C. ?). Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. 9. Ablahes baliodirus. Coronella baliodeira, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 5.39 ; Schleg. Phifs. Scrp. ii. p. 64, pi. ii. figs. 9 & 10 (18.37); Cantor, Cat. Mai. Rept. p. 66 (1847). Ablabes baliodeinis, Bum. ^- Bibr. vii. p. .31.3 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 29 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 224 (1864). Diadophis baliodeinis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 2C3, and Icon. Gen. 15, pi. v. fig. 4 (1866). Ablabes baliodirus, var. cinctus, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamh. ix. 1886, p. 8, pi. i. fig. 2. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided ; eye three fourths the length of the snout ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a small lorcal, as long as deep or deeper than long ; one or two prne- and two postoeulars ; temporals 1 + 2: seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter tliau the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals llS-137 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 58-75. Brown above, usually with small black-edged yellow spots, sometimes with blackish cross bands or two series of large alternating black blotches on the anterior part of the body, or with two light, dark- edged streaks along the body and a third on the na])e ; head sometimes yellowish ; lips yellowish white, with the labial sutures black ; lower parts yellowish or coral- red, the brown of the upper parts usually descending to the sides of the ventrals, each of which may bear a black dot at the end; some- times a black line along the middle of the lower surface of the tail. Total length 4l)i) millim.; tail 125. .Java, Borneo, Sumatra. I'inang. COLt;i!RID.E. Java. Leyden Museum. (One of the types.) Java. Hr. Friihstorfer [C.]. Java. Salak, Java. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. t*^-]- Willis Mts.Jvediri Baron v. Iluegel [C.]. Java, oUOOft. Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. Sarawak. Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Baram, Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [P.;. Bungiirau Id., A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Natiina Ids. Padaiig, Sumatra. Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.]. Pinant^. Dr. Cautor. 284 a. S (V. 127; C. 66). b-o. 6 (V. 123 ; C. 63) & $ (V. 134; 0.68). d. r? (V. 127; C. 69). e. $ (V. 137; C. 64). /. $ (V. 127 ; C. 59). g. d (V. 124; C.?). h. 2 (V. 134; C. 60). ». (V. 141; C. Guatemala. Stuttgart M us. [E.]. 28). (One of the types of P. sargii.) d. 2 (V. 144; C.28). ? 22. Atractus favse. Calamaria favae, Filippi, Cat. Ray. Serp. Mus. Pavia, p. 16 (1840). Rabdosoma longicaudatum, Diim. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 106(1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1802, p. 15, a7i(l Icon. Gen. 11, pi. i. iig. 2 (1865). fava?, Jan, II. cc. p. 16, pi. ii. tig. 3. Snout rounded. Rostral moderately large, a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals small, broader than long ; proefrontals broader than long ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the frontal, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep ; a small prseocular sometimes present, above the loreal; two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; a single pair of moderately large chin-shields, in contact with the symjahysial and, on each side, with three lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171-185 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 58-66. Tail long and thick, ending in an obtuse point. Erown above, with darker spots and a rather indistinct darker vertebral line ; yellow (red ?) beneath, with large black blotches, which mostly alternate. Total length 420 millim. ; taifllU. Brazil ? a. cT (V. 173; C. 58). ? Dr. Giinther [P.]. h. 5 (V. 172; 0.66). ? 314 COLTJBKID^. 113. GEOPHIS. Geopliis, Waffler, I. c p. 342 ; Bocourt, Miss. .be. Mex., Kept. p. o- RabSma, part., Bum. ^ Biir Erp^ Gen^^ P^ 91 (1^54) ,G^ Cat. Col.L p. 10 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. u. i»D-, Co?obognathus, Peters, Mon. Berl ^c. 1859, p 275. Geopliiclium, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. Ji^- Elapoides, part., Jan, I. c. p. 20 Colophrys, Cojae, Proc. ^c. PA^/ac?. 1868, p. 130. Parageophis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 534. Maxillary short, ^ith 7 to 12 small, equal teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from f^^^^^^^^^ with round or vertically subelliptac pupil; f^^^ril between two nasals • no pra^ocular, loreal and pra^frontal entering the eye Xna'sals and supraoculars present or absent; Pa-t^ s -^-t^^^^^ with labials. Body cylindrical ; scales smoo h or J;«f ^^' ™^ apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate short ; subcaudals in two rows. Central and South America. Pig. 23. Skull of Gcophis semidoUatus. Synopsis of the Species. I A single pair of chin-shields ; scales in 15 rows ; ventrals 170. ° ^ 1. poepp>i'Jii, p. oio. 113. GEOPHIS. 315 II. Two pairs of chin-shields. A. Maxilhiiy hone extending in front much hcyond the palatines ; scales perfectly smooth. A supraocular ; third upper labial enter- ing the eye ; scales in 1.5 rows ; ven- trals 147-174 2. semidoliatus, p. 316. No supraocular ; third and fourth upper labials entering the eye; scales in 17 rows ; veutrals 135-144 3. rhodogasta-, p. 317. B. Maxillary bone extending in front a little beyond the pala- tines. Scales in 15 rows, perfectly smooth ; ven- trals 176 4. dugesii, p. 317. Scales in 15 rows, striated and keeled ; yentrals 1:^9-133 5. sailed, p. 318. Scales in 17 rows, striated and keeled on the posterior half of the body ; veutrals 131-154 6. cJiahjbmts, p. 318. C. Maxillary bone not extending iu front beyond the palatines. 1. Upper portion of rostral not measuring more than one third its distance from the frontal ; scales in 15 rows. Scales perfectly smooth on the anterior part of the body, striated aud very feebly keeled further back 7. hoffmanni, p. 319. Scales very distinctly striated and keeled, the keel rather strong on the posterior [p. 320. part of the body and on the tail 8. dolicliocephalus, 2. Upper portion of rostral measuring at least two thirds its distance from the frontal ; scales all smooth, or those at the base of the tail very faintly keeled. a. Scales in 15 rows. A supraocular ; praefrontals as broad as long 9. petersii, p. 321. A supraocular ; prsefrontals longer than broad 10. championi, p. 321. No supraocular 11. yodmani, p. 322. b. Scales in 17 rows. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial 12. dubius, p. 322. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields 13. rostralis, p. 323. 316 COLUBRID^i;. 1. Geophis poeppigii. Rabdosoma poppigi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 11, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. iii. fig. 4 (1865). Eye very small, much shorter than its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded. Eostral rather large, once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals andpraefrontals much broader than long ; frontal much broader than long, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small; lorcal nearly twice as long as deep, shorter than the two nasals together ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest ; a single i)air of chin-shields, in contact with four lower labials and separated from the symphysial. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire; subcaudals ? Brown above ; barred brown and white beneath ; on the anterior part of the body the white bars of the ventral surface extend some way up the sides ; upper lip and temporal region white. Total length 570 millim. Brazil. 2. Geophis semidoliatus. Rabdosoma semidoliatum, Bum. ^ Bihr. vii. p. 93 (1854). Rbabdosoma semidoliatum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 10 (1858). Geophis semidoHatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 276 ; Bocourt, Miss. So. Mex., Rept. p. 584, pi. xxxi. tig. 7 (188.3) ; Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Pept. p. 90 (1893). Catostoma semidoliatum, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 339. Elapoides semidoliatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 22, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. ii. tig. 1 (1865). Maxillary extending considerably beyond the palatine in front, the first tooth below the nostril. Eye extremely small, its length hardly half its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded, project- ing. Rostral rather large, a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to two fifths its distance from the frontal ; internasals a little broader than long, about two fifths the length of the pra;frontals, which are nearly as long as broad ; frontal as long as broad, or slightly broader than long ; as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small ; loreal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad ; a minute postocular, sometimes fused with the supra- ocular ; five upper labials, third entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, everywhere perfectly smooth. Ventrals 147-174; anal entire; subcaudals 24-28. More or less regularly barred black and yellow or orange above, uniform yellowish beneath ; head and uape black, with a yellowish bar across the temples and the parietal shields. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 30. Mexico. 113. GEOPnis. 317 a-c. c? (V. 155; 0. 28) Jalapa. & ? (V. 173, 172; C. 25, ?). d-e. d (V. 147 ; C. 26) Jalapa. Mr. Iloege [C.]. & 2 (V.174; 0.24). /. Yg. (V. 162 ; C. 27). Orizaba. f/. d (V. 147 ; 0. 26). Iluatuzco. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 'h. 2 (V. 160 ; 0. 25). Me.xico. Mr. Hugo Finck [0.]. i. Skull. Jalapa. 3. Geophis rhodogaster. Colophrys rhodogaster, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 130, fig. Geopliis rhodogaster, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 531, pi. xxxi. fig. 12 (1883). chalyboea, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Sept. p. 87 (1893). Maxillary extending considerably beyond the palatine in front, the first tooth below the suture between the first and second labial shields. Eye very small, measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Eostral moderate, slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals nearly twice as broad as long, one half to two fifths the length of the prefrontals ; prefrontals a little broader than long ; frontal broader than long, as long as or a little longer than its distance from tlie end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; no supra- ocular, frontal bordering the eye ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior, and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 17 rows, everywhere perfectly smooth. Veutrals 135-144 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 30- 43. Uniform dark brown above ; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower parts uniform orange. Total length 34.5 millim. ; tail 55. Yucatan, Guatemala, Costa Rica. a~b. d (V. 141 ; 0. 32) & Rio Chisov, below the 0. Salvin, Esq. [0.]. 2 (V. 136; 0.33). town of Cubulco, Guatemala. 4. Geopliis dugesii. Geophis dugesii, Bocourt, 3Iiss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 573, pi. xxxvii. fig. 1 (1883) ; Duc;vs, La JSiaturaleza, vi. 1884, p. 359, pi. ix. fig. 1. Elapoides dugesi, CV,^je, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 386. Eye quite as long as its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded, feebly prominent, llostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring hardly one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals nearly twice as broad as long, two fiftbs the length of the prefrontals, which are as broad as long ; frontal slightly longer 318 COLTJBKID^. than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a narrow supraocular ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ven- trals 176 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 41. Black above, with widely separated yellowish cross bars ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 220 millim. ; tail 40. Tangancienaro, Mexico. 5. Geophis sallaei. (Plate XVI. fig. 1.) Geophis ehalybsea, part., Gilnth. Biol. C.-Am., Hept. p. 87 (1893). Maxillary extending a little beyond the palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye very small, measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded, feebly pro- jecting. Rostral moderate, a little broader than deep, the portion Tisible from above measi;ring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal : internasals much broader than long, one fifth to one fourth the length of the prefrontals, which are longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad or slightly broader than long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a verj- small supraocular ; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep : one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior and separated from the .symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, smooth on the nape, finely striated and feebly but very distinctly keeled on the body and base of tail. Ventrals 129-1 aS ; anal entire ; subcaudals 30-41. Blackish brown above, scales of outer row lighter in the centre ; belly uniform yellowish white ; subcaudals edged with brown. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 55. Mexico. Mexico. M. Sall^ [C.]. b- c. S {^ . 129 ; C. 41) & 2 (V. 133, 131 C. 36 30). 6. Geophis chalybseus. Catostoma chalyba;um, If'affl. Si/sf. Amnh. p. 194 (1830). Geophis chalvbeus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 275 ; Bocotirt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Kept. p. 530, pi. sxxi. fig. 11 (1883). Elapoides sieboldi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 21, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. i. fig. 4 (1865). Catostoma nasale, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 131, fig. Mnia pieboldii, Garm. N. Am. Kept. p. 96 (1883). Rhabdosoma nasale, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 385. 113. GEOPHIS. 319 Elapoides clialybasus, Cope, I. c. p. 38fi. Geophis clialybsea, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 87 (1893). moesta, part., Giinth. I. c. p. 90, pi. xxxiii. fig. C. Maxillary extending a little beyond the palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye very small, measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the mouth. Snout rounded, feebly pro- jecting. Rostral moderate, as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to two fifths its distance from the frontal ; internasals much broader than long, one fourth to one third the length of the praefrontals, which are longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad or slightly broader than long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; a very small supraocular ; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 17 rows, smooth on the anterior part of the body, finely striated and feebly keeled on the posterior part and on the base of the tail. Ventrals 131-154; anal entire; subcaudals 25-40. Blackish brown above, scales of outer row lighter in the centre ; young with a yellowish blotch across temples and occiput ; belly uniform yellowish white ; subcaudals edged with lirown. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 45. Mexico and Guatemala. a. Yg. (V. 132; C. 40). Amula, Guerrero. :Mr. H. H. Smith [C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. b-c. ? (V. 138, 140 ; C. Duenas, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [0.1. 30, ?). d. Hgr., very bad state. Pacific coast of 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Guatemala. 7. Geophis hoflfinanni. Colobognathus hofiinanni, Peters, Man. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 276 pi fig. 2. r ,v ■ Elapoides hoftmanni, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 22, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. ii. fig. 3 (1865). Geophis mcestus, Giinth. Ann. S; Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 15. hofi"iuanui, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 529, pi. xxxi fio- 8 (1883). ' ■ " Rhabdosoma mcestum, Cope, Bidl. U.S. Xat. Mits. no. 32, 1887, p. 85. Geophis chalybsea, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 87 (189-3). mojsta, part., Giinth. I. c. p. 90. Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye small, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the mo\ith. Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Eostral mode- rate, as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, the portion 320 C0LUBEID.5:. visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals much broader than long, one fourth to one third the length of the prsefrontals, which are longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad or slightly broader than long, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; a vei'y small supraocular ; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep ; one postocular (rarely two) : six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, smooth on the anterior part of the body, finely striated and feebly keeled on the posterior part and on the base of the tail. Ventrals 124-145 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 28-36. Blackish brown above, young with a more or less distinct yellowish blotch across temples and occiput ; ventrals and subcaudals brown edged with whitish, or whitish edged with brown. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 70. Costa Rica. a. Hgr. S (V. 130 ; C. Costa Rica. Prof. Peters [E.]. 34). (One of the types.) b-e,f. 2 (V. 141, 141, Irazu, Costa Rica. O. Salvin & F. D. 145, 138 ; C. 34, 34, Godman, Esqrs. [P.]. 30, 34) & hgr. (V. 135; C. 36). g. Yg. (V. 145 ; C. 36). Cartago, Costa Rica. (Type of G. mastus.) 8. Geophis dolichocephalus. Colobognatlius df)liehocephahis, Copp, Proc. Ac. Pldlad. 1871, p. 211 * ; Gimth. Zool. Rec. 1872, p. 72. Geophis chalybffius, var., Giinth. Ann. ^- Mar/. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16. Catostoma dolichocephalum, Cope, Jouni. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 147. Elapoides dolichcicephalus, Cope, Proc. Avier. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 386. Geophis dolichocephalus, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 87 (1893). chalybsea, var. quadrangularis, Giinth. I. c. p. 89, pi. xxxiii. fig. B. Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye small, nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral moderate, as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals broader than long, one fourth to one third the length of the pr£&- frontals, which are longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad, as * It appeared to me probable that " thirteen longitudinal series of scales," in the description, was a slip of the pen or a misprint for " fifteen longitudinal series." Having comniunicatod with Prof. Cope on this matter, he has kindly examined the type specimen, and informs me that the scales are iu 15 rows. 113. GEOPHIS. 321 long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; a small supraocular ; loreal twice and a half as long as deep ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior and separated from the sym- physial. Scales in 15 rows, smooth on the nape, finely striated and keeled on the body and tail, the keels quite strong on the posterior part of the back and on the base of the tail. Ventrals 131-138 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 39-46. Black above, with two alternating series of large yellowish spots, some of which are confluent and form cross bars ; belly uniform white, tail blackish. Total length 290 millim. ; tail 35. Costa llica. a-b. 2 (V. l;]o, 138 ; C. ?, 46). Cartago, Costa Rica. 9. Geophis petersii. (Plate XVI. fig. 2.) Geophis cbalybaa, part, Gimth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 87 (1893). Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth coi'responding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye very small, measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed, pro- minent. E.ostral slightly deeper than broad, the portion visible from above measuring three fourths its distance from the frontal ; internasals twice as broad as long, one third tfie length of the praefrontals, which are as long as broad ; frontal as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; a small supraocular ; loreal twice and a half as long as broad ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye : three lower labials in contact ■with the anterior chin-shields, which are not longer than the pos- terior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, smooth, a few at the base of the tail faintly keeled. Ventrals 144— 145 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 35-36. Uniform dark brown above, ■white beneath. Total length 200 millim. ; tail 28. Mexico. a-h. (S (V. 144 ; C. 3(;) City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. & $ (V.14o; C.3.->). 10. Geophis championi. (Plate XVI. fig. 3.) Geophis chalybsea, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 87 (1893). Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye very small, measuring two thirds its distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed, prominent. Rostral a little 322 COLTJBRIDiE. deeper than broad, the portion visible from above measuring three fourths its distance from the frontal ; internasals broader than long, half as long as the pra3frontals, which are a little longer than broad ; frontal nearly as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; a small supraocular ; loreal twice as long as deep ; one postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are not longer than the pos- terior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in lo rows, all perfectly smooth. Ventrals 125; anal entire; subcaudals 33. Uniform iridescent black above ; ventrals and subcaudals whitish edged with blackish. Total length 250 millim. ; tail 40. Panama. a. 6 (V. 125 ; C. 33). Chiriqui. J. G. Champion, Esq. [C] ; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. 11. Geophis godmani. (Plate XVI. fig. 4.) Geophis chalybsea, part., Gi'mth. Biol. C.-Am., Hept. p. 87 (1893). Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye small, a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed, very prominent. Rostral rather large, slightly deeper than broad, the portion visible from above measuring two thirds or three fourths its distance from the frontal ; internasals a little broader than long, half as long as the praefrontals, which are a little longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the pai'ietals ; no supraocular ; prcefrontal forming a narrow suture with the parietal between the frontal and the eye ; loreal once and a half as long as broad ; a minute postocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are not longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, all perfectly smooth. Yentrals 144-145 ; anal entire ; sub- caudals 27-28. Uniform blackish brown above, yellowish beneath ; a few transverse brown blotches under the tail, sometimes also on the belly. Total length 400 miUim. ; tail 55. Costa Rica. a-b. $ (V. 145 ; C. 28) & Irazu, Costa Rica. O. Salvin & F. D. God- hgr. (V. 144 ; C. 27). man, Esqrs. [P.]. 12. Geophis dubius. Geophidium dubium, Peters, Mo7i. Bed. Ac. 1861, p. 923. Geophis fuscus, Fischer, Abh. natunv. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 11, pi. ii. fig. 6. chalybfpa, part., Gibtth. Biol. C.-Am., Bept. p. 87 (1893). 113. GEOPHxs. 323 Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture l)et\veen the second and thii-d labial shields. Eye verj' small, its length about two thirds its distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed, very prominent. Rostral rather large, as deep as broad, or a littlo deeper than broad, the portion visible from above measuring at least two thirds its distance from the frontal ; interuasals often fused with the pra^frontals * ; fi'ontal as long as broad or slightly broader than long, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; a very small supraocular ; loreal once and a halt' to twice as long as broad ; one postocular ; six upper labials, tiiird and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 17 rows, perfectly smooth, a few at the base of the tail with faint traces of keels. Ventrals 134-14(3 ; anal entire ; sub- caudals 43-48. Uniform dark brown or blackish above, yellowish white beneath. Total length 340 millim. ; tail 60. Mexico. a-b. S (V. 1.S4 ; C. 48) & Mexico. M. Sall6 [C.]. 5 (V. 146; C. 43). c. IJgr. cf (V. 141 ; C. 48). Jalapa. Dr. J. G. Fischer. (Type of G.fuscns.) 13. Geophis rostralis. Elapoides rostralis, Jan, Icon. Gen. 12, pi. ii. fig. 2 (1865). Geophis dubius, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Me.v., Rept. p. 5.32, pi. xxxi. fig. 9 (1883). rostralis, Bocourt, I. c. p. 533, pi. xxxi. fig. 10 ; Gunth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 89 (1893). Rbabdosoma rostrale, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 85. Maxillary not extending beyond palatine in front, the first tooth corresponding to the suture between the second and third labial shields. Eye very small, its length about two thirds irs distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed, very prominent. Eostral rather large, as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measur- ing at least two thirds its distance from the frontal ; the internasals may be fused with the prsefrontals t ; frontal slightly broader than long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; a very small supraocular ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep ; one postocular, sometimes fused with the supraocular ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior chin-shields longer than the posterior, in contact with the * In spec, a the internasals are distinct ; in b the left internasal is fused with the prwfrontal ; in c the internasals are no longer distinguishable. t As in the spociuien in the Culiei'tion. 324 COLUBEID^. s^-mpliysial and -with three labials. Scales in 17 rows, perfectly smooth, a few at the base of the tail with faint traces of keels. Ventrals 136-151 ; anal entire ; subcaiidals 36-48. Uniform blackish brown above, yellowish white beneath. Total length 310 millim. ; tail 50. Mexico. a. $ (V. 146 ; C. 40). Mexico. M. Salle [C.]. 114. CARPHOPHIS. Calamaria, part., Schleg. Pltys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Carphophis, Gervnis, in D'Orhigmf, Diet. (HKist. Nat. iii. p. 191 (1849) ; Gilnth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. l7 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 23; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Pept. p. 535 (1883). Carphophiops, Gerv. I. c. ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 78, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 596. Carpophis, part., Dum. Sr Bibr. 3Iem. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 442. Celuta, BairdSf Gir. Cat. N. Am. Pept. p. 129 (1853) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 599. Carphophis, part., Dum. Sf Bibr. Erj). Gen. vii. p. 131 (1854). Maxillary teeth very small, subequal, about 10 ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil ; internasals present or absent ; supraocular very small ; nostril in a single nasal ; no pr.Tocular, loreal and prse- frontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 13 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. North America. 1. Carphophis amcenus. Coluber amcenus, Say, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. 1825, p. 237 ; Harl. Joimi. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 355, and Med. Phys. Pes. p. 118 (1835) ; Storer, Pep. Fish. ^ Pept. Mass. p. 226 (1839). Calamaria amcEna, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 31, pi. 1. figs. 19 & 20 (1837). Brachyorrhos amoenus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 115, pi. xxvii. (1842). Carphophis amoena, G'ery. in D'Orb. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 191 (1849); Dum. <§• Bibr. vii. p. 131 (1854); Gilnth. Cat. p. 18 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 23, and Icon. Gen. 12, pi. ii. fig. 4 (1865) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 100, pi. vii. fig. 1 (1883) ; Bocoiirt, Miss. Sc. Mex:, Pept. p. 535, pi. xxxii. figs. 1 & 2 (1883) ; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 309 ; Hay, Batr. ^ Rept. Indiana, p. 78 (1893). Carphophiops vermiformis, Gerv. I. c. Celuta amosna, Baird ^- Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 129 (1853). vermis, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 99. helenre, Kennicott, I. c. p. 100. Carphophiops amosna, Co2}e, Proc. Ac. Philad. 18()0, p. 79, a7id Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 596. 115. STILOSOMA. 325 Carphophiops vermis, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 34 (1876), and Proc. UM. Nat. Mus. xiv, 1892, p. 597. helenffi, Cope, I. c. Carphophis lielense, Garm. I. c. p. 100 ; H. Gann. I. c. p. 308. Snout rounded, somewhat projecting. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above one half to two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasal entire ; internasals distinct, or fused with the prtefroutals ; supraocular very small ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals : loreal about twice as long ap deep ; an elongate temporal ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the ej'e, fifth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 112-138; anal divided; subcaudals 24-37. Brown above, yellowish (red in life) beneath. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 50. Mississippi Valley and eastwards as far north as Massachusetts. A. Internasals distinct. a. 9 (V. 131 ; 0. 28). Delaware. E. Doubleday, Esq. [P.]. b. c? (V. 123 ; C. 37). Pennsylvania. Christiania Museum. c. 5 (V. 121; C. 28). Pennsylvania. d. e. 5 (V. 138, 131 ; N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.]. C. 27, 27). B. A^o internasals. /. S (V. 126; C. 36). Illinois. g. $ (V. 131 ; C. 25). Illinois. Smithsonian Institution. h~k. 2 (V. 120, 125, Bloomington, Indiana. C. BoUman, Esq. [C.]. 127 ; C. 24, 25, 28). 115. STILOSOMA.* Stilosoma, A. E. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1890, p. 199 ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 695. Head not distinct from neck ; eye moderately small ; one nasal ; internasals distinct, or fused with the praefrontals ; no loreal ; pra;- ocular present or absent ; parietals in contact ^rith the labials. Body very slender, cylindrical and rigid ; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Florida. 1. Stilosoma exteuuatum. Stilosoma extenuata, A. E. Brown, I. c. Snout rounded. Bostral prominent but not recurved ; supra- * Mr. A. Erwin Browu informs me (12 Aug., 1893) that, since describing this remarlsable new genus, he has received three more specimens from Lake Kerr, Florida, no two of which agree in thelepiriosisof the head. I have therefore modi- fied the diagnosis according to the notes he has kindly communicated to me. 326 COLUBEIDiE. ocular short and broad ; frontal hexagonal ; parietal large, in contact with the fifth labial ; two small postoculars ; three temporals, the first between the fifth and sixth labials and the parietal ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest ; three pairs of chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 2:55 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 44. Silvery grey above, with a series of dark brown black-edged spots ; an elongate triangular dark patch on the parietals, pointing backwards ; a dark bar running back from the eye to the upper margin of the labials ; fore part of the head macu- lated with black ; lower surface silvery grey, much blotched with black. Total length 532 millim. ; tail 50. Florida. 116. GEAGRAS. Geagras, Cope, Joiirn. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1870, p. 141. Sphenocalamus, Fischer, Oster-Profjr. Akad. Gymn. Hamb. 1883, p. 5. Maxillary teeth 12, very small, equal ; mandibular teeth very small, equal. Head not distinct from neck; snout much, depressed, strongly projecting, with angular horizontal edge ; eye very small, with round pupil ; nostril between two large nasals and the inter- nasal ; no loreal, posterior nasal in contact with the praeocular. Body cj'liudrical, short ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico. 1. Geagras redimitus. Geagras redimitus, Cope, I. c., andProc. Amcr. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 177. Sphenocalamus lineolatus, Fischer, I. c. pi. — . figs. 3-5. Geophis redimita, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Eept. p. 92 (1893). Eostral very large, flat beneath, its upper portion convex and as long as its distance from the frontal ; intcrnasals broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal large, a little longer than broad, longer than its distance trom the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; supraocular narrow; one prae- and one postocular ; temporals l-t-2; six upper labials, fourth bordering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; two pairs of chin-shields, anterior in contact with the symphysial, posterior small. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 117-119 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 25-3U. Pale reddish above, each scale on the anterior half of the body with a brown median streak ; head brown above, with two yellow longitudinal streaks meeting on the rostral ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 185 millim. ; tail 25. Western Mexico. «. 5 (V. 117 ; C. 29). Mexico. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. 117. MACROCALAMUS. 118, IDIOPHOLIS. 327 117. MACROCALAMUS. Macrocalanms, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Lid. p. 198 (18(j4). Maxillary teeth about 10, subequal ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril pierced between a nasal and the first upper labial ; no internasals ; no loreal ; a pra;ocular. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows ; veutrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Malay Peninsula ? 1. Macrocalamus lateralis. Macrocalamus lateralis, Giinth. I. c. p. 199, pi. xviii. fig. D. Eostral deeper than broad, extending on to the upper surface of the head, separating the nasals ; frontal longer than broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter thau the parietals ; one prae- and one postocular : temporals 1+2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields small and separated from each other. Scales in 1.5 rows. Ventrals 118 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 20. Eeddish brown above, with a few small blackish spots ; a dark brown lateral stripe, enclos- ing a series of small whitish spots ; whitish inferiorly, with a few brown dots. Total length 300 raillim. ; tail 32. Malay Peninsula? a. cJ (V. 118: C. 20). ? Gen. Ilardwicke [P.]. (Type.) 118. IDIOPHOLIS. Idiopholis, Mocquanl, Le Katur. 1892, p. 3-3, and Mem. Soc. Zuol. Fr. V. 1892, p. 191. Maxillary teeth numerous, very small and equal. Head not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with round pupil ; nostril pierced between two small nasals : a pair of small internasals separated by a small azygous shield : no supraocular : no loreal ; no prijeocular ; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Borneo. 1. Idiopholis collaris. Idiopholis collaris, 3Iocquard, Le Nittw. 1892, p. .3.5, and Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. V. 1892, p. 191, pi. vii. fig. 1. Snout short, obtuse. Rostral narrow, deeper than broad ; frontal broader than long, as long as the praefrontals, about half as long as the parietals ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest and forming a suture with the parietal ; anterior chin- 328 C0HJBRIDJ5. shields longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 127 ; anal entire ; subcaiidals 28. Dark brown above, somewhat lighter beneath ; a broad vellowish-white collar behind the parietals. Total length 190 millira. Sebrocang Valley, N.E. Borneo. 119. RHABDOPHIDIUM. Rabdiou, part., Dum. 8f Bibr. Mem. Ac. Sci. xxiii. 1853, p. 441, atul Erp. Gen. vii. p. 115 (1854)*. Rhabdion, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 243 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 28. Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, subequal ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril pierced in a small nasal, whifh is in contact with or narrowly separated from the prfeocular ; a pair of internasals ; no temporals, the parietals in contact with the labials. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Celebes. 1. Ehabdophidium forsteni. Rabdion forsteni, Dum. ^- Bibr. vii. p. 116 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 243 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 29, and Icon. Gen. 13, pi. i. fig. 4 (1865). Snout rather pointed. Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above ; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; a rather large praeocular, reaching or nearly reaching the nasal ; one post- ocular ; five (or six) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 137- 158; anal entire; subcaudals 22-31. Uniform blackish above, brown beneath. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 45. Celebes. a, b. 2 (V. 153, 158; C. 26, 22). Celebes. 120. PSEUDORHABDIUM. Rabdion, part., Dum. S,- Bibr. Mem. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 441, and Erp. Gen. vii. p. 115 (1854). Pseudorabdion, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 10. Oxycalamus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 199 (1864). Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, subequal ; anterior mandibular teeth slightly longer than the posterior. Head not distinct from neck ; * Name pvcoceupicd {Rhahdinm, Wallr., 1S3S). 120. PSEUDORnABDIUM. 32? eye small, with round pupil ; nostril pierced in a minute nasal ; internasals small; no loreal ; pneociilar small or absent ; no tem- porals, the pariotals in contact with the labials. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 1. Pseudorhabdium longiceps. Calamaria longiceps, Cantoi-, Cat. Mai. Rept. p. 63, pi. — . fig. 1 (1847). Rabdion torquatum, Dum. S,- Bibr. vii. p. 119 (1854) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684. Pseudorabdiou torquatum, Jan, Areli. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 10, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. iii. fig. 3 (1865). Oxycalamus longiceps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 199 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Sor. Beng. xlii. 1873, p. 120. Pseudorhabdion longiceps, Bouleng. Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. (5) xvi. 1885, p. 389. Snout rather pointed. Rostral small, as deep as broad, well visible from above ; suture between the internasals one third or one fourth the length of that between the prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, more than twice as broad as the supraocular ; praeocular small (rarely absent) ; one postocular ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about twice as large as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 129-146 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 10-28. Tail pointed. Iridescent brown or black, with or without a yellowish collar ; usually a yellowish vertical spot above the angle of the mouth. Total length 230 millim. ; tail 35 ( S )• Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Celebes. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) L. Wray, Esq. [P.J. G. E. Dobson, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Dennvs [P.]. H. N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. Prof. Moescii [C.]. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. Prof. Peters [P.]. a. 6 (V. 132; C. 25). Pinaug. 5-c. S (V. 132 ; C. 24) & Perak. $ (V. 141; C. 19). d. $ (V. 143 ; C. 18). Perak. e. 2 (V. 133 ; C. 20). Singapore. /. Yg. (V. 1.30 ; C. 28). Singapore. g-h. S (V. 132 ; C. 28) & Deli, Sumatra. 2 (V. 146; C. 19). i. 2 (V. 137 : C. 10). Nias. k. 2 (V. 137; C. 21). Pontiana, Borneo. /. S (V. 129; C. 28). Borneo. 2. Pseudorhabdium oxycephalum. El oxycephalum, Giinth. Cat. p. 242 (18^ i oxycephalus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Sac. li Closely allied to the preceding, but dififering in the following Rhabdosoma oxycephalum, Giinth. Cat. p. 242 (1858). O.vycalamus oxycephalus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 168, fig. 330 COLUBIlIDiE. characters : — Frontal a little broader than long, about half as long as the parietals ; supraocular smaller still and confluent with the postocular ; no prseocular. Uniform iridescent blackish brown. Total length 280 millim. ; tail 20. Philippine Islands. a. 2 (V. 152 ; C. 16). b. cJ (V. 136; C. 23). Philippines. Negros. H. Cumin Dr. A. B ag, Esq.rC.]. (Type.) . Meyer [0.]. 121. CALAMARIA. Calamaria, Boie, in Fernssac, Bull. Se. Nat. ix. 1826, p. 236, and Isis, 1827, p. 519 ; Bum. ^ Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 60 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 3 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 4 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 195 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 281 (1890). Calamaria, part., Sch!er/. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Typhlocalamus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 595. Maxillary teeth 8 to 11, subequal ; anterior mandibular teeth a little longer than the posterior. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril pierced in a minute nasal ; no loreal ; no internasals ; prseocular present or absent ; no temporals, Fig. 24. Skull of Calamaria linncei. the parietals in contact with the labials. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 13 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows. From Assam, Burma, and S. China to the Malay Archipelago. 121. CALAMARIA. 332 Si/nojjsis of the Species. I. 129 to 225 ventrals. A. Five or six upper labials, third and fourth or fourth aud fifth entering the eye. 1. Frontal longer than broad. a. Symphysial in contact with the chiu-shields. a. Frontal not twice as broad as the supraocular. * Rostral broader than deep. Diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth 1. U.nhricoidea, p. 333. Diameter ot the eye equal to its distance from the mouth 2. vermiformis, p. 333. Diameter of the eye more than its distance from the mouth ; frontal shorter than the parietals 3. staMknechtii, p. 335. Diameter of the eye more than its distauce from the mouth; frontal as long as the parietals 4. laluemis, p. 335. ** Eostral as deep as broad. t Frontal as long as the parietals. Frontal once and two thirds as long as T. ^^"^'^ ■ 5. r/rahoivskh\ p. 33(5. -b rental once and a half as long as broad. 6. albiventer, p. 336 J^rontal once and one third as long as ^^^^^ ■• ■ 7. margarkifera, p. 336. tt Frontal shorter than the parietals. Ventrals 126-144 g. .^h--- 337^ \ entrals 1 / 5-195 9. ^,.«^,-^ p_ 333^ ft. Frontal at least twice as broad as the supraocular. Rostral as deep as broad ; frontal as long the parietals 10. hitorques, p. 338. Rostral as deep as broad ; frontal shorter than the parietals H. gervaisii, p. 338. Rostral a little broader than deep ; frontal a little shorter than the parietals 12. sximatrana, p. 339. h. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. a. ApriEocular; a postocular. * Frontal not more than twice as broad as the supra- ocular. t Diameter of the eye much more than its distance from the mouth. . 13. evcreiti, p. 34U. 332 COLUBKID^. ft Diameter of the ej^e not more than its distance from the mouth. llostral as deep as broad ; first and second hihials subeqnal in size 14. virgidaia, p. 340. llostral nearlj' as deep as broad ; second labial larger than first 15. Jeucoc/aster, p. 341. llostral much broader than deep ; anal divided ... 16. occipitalis, p. 342. ** Frontal more than twice as broad as the supra- ocular 17. bicolor, p. 342. /3. A praeocular ; postocular fused with the supraocular. 18. lateralis, p. 342, y. A praeocular ; two postoculars. 19. beccarii, p. 343. d. No praeocular 20. rehentiscMi, p. 343. 2. Frontal as broad as long ; rostral broader than deep. a. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. No prajocular 21. agamensis, p. 343. A praeocular 22. leucocephala , p. 344. h. Symphysial in contact with the chin-shields ; no praeocular. 23. schlegelii, p. 345. B. Four upper labials, second and third entering the eye. 1 . Frontal longer than broad. a. Symphysial in contact with the chin-shields. a. A praeocular. Tail obtuse ; the portion of the rostral visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal 24. linncel, p. 345. Tail obtuse ; the portion of the rostral visible from above at least as long as its distance from the frontal 25. homeensis, p. 347. Tail ending in a sharp point 26. bcnjarainsii, p. 347. /3. No praeocular 27. javanica, p. 347. b. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Frontal as long as the parietals, not twice as broad as the supraocular 28. brevis, p. 348. Frontal shorter than the parietals, at least twice as broad as the supraocular. 29. pavimentata, p. 348. 2. Frontal as broad as long. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; tail rounded at the end 30. septentrionalis, p. 349. 121. CALAJIARIA. 333 Symphysial in contact with the chin- shields ; tail pointed 31. melanota, p. 349. C. Foni' upper labials, third entering the eye 32. lovii, p. 350. II. Ventrals 300-320 ; no distinct post- ocular 33. (/racillima, p. 350. 1. Calamaria lumbricoidea. Calamaria lumbricoidea, JBoie, Isis, 1827, p. 540 ; Schleg.Phys. Serp. ii. p. 27, pl.i. figs. 14-10 (1837) ; Bum. ^- Bihr. vii. p. 89 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Pliys. ii. 1862, p. 8, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fio-. 2 (1865) ; V. Licit h de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 254. lumbricoidea, part., Giinih. Cat. p. 5 (1858). variabilis, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. Ergehn. p. 183, pi. xvi. fig. 8 (1890). Eostral broader than deep, well visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, slightly shorter than the parietals, not twice as broad as the supraocular ; ono pra3- and one postocnlar ; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, the four anterior subequal in size, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; both pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 177-217 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 16-23. Tail ending in a point. Dark brown above, whiti>h inferiorly ; lower surface of the tail with a dark brown longitudinal streak. Total length 420 millim. ; tail 35. Java ; Celebes. A. Head uniform dark brown al)ove. a. S (V. 191 ; C. 22). Java. Leydeu Museum. B. A yellowish band across the parietal shields. h. S (V. 177 ; C. 19). Java. 2. Calamaria vermiformis. Calamaria vermiformis, Dum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 85 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Pkys. ii. 18(32, p. 8, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fig. 3 (1805). temminekii, Duni. 4" Blbr. t. c. p. 87 ; Giinth. Cat. p. 5 (1858). schlegelii (non D. iS(- B.), Gimth. I.e. dimidiata, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xxi. 1860, p. 295. melauorliynchus, Bleek. I. c. alkeni, Bleek. I. c. fiaviceps, Giinth. Ann. S,- Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 90. vermiformis, var. sumatranus, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 18. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, not twice as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the parietals ; a pra^- and a postocnlar : diameter of the eye 334 C0LTJBRIDJ5. equal to its distance from the mouth ; five or sis upper labials, third and fourth entering the ej'e ; symph}-sial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields in contact or separated. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 153-210; anal entire; subcaudals 15-26. Tail ending in a point. Dark brown or black above ; beneath yellowish, with or without large black transverse spots or cross bands, or uniform blackish brown. Total length 410 millim. ; tail 33. Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Moluccas. A. Head yellow ; body with transverse series of small yellowish spots ; belly with large black spots or cross bands. a. 2 (V. 164 ; C. 20). Sarawak. Sir J. Brooke ) ,m „ rp 1 / v-'^yP'^® ^'■ ^-. Hgr. (Y. 153; C. 26). Borneo. A^R^ Wallace, f ^^'^f^V'^' [P.]. ..R.V Esq. [P.]. B. Head yellow, with a black lateral streak, passing through the eye ; above with yellowish cross bars disposed regularly, each of which in the middle expands into a longitudinally oval spot; belly barred black and yellow, the yellow bars confluent with the dorsals. a. Hgr. (V. 184; 0. 26). Mt. Batu-Song, C. Hose, Esq. [C] Sarawak, 1000 ft. C. Head yellow above, entirely or partially ; body without spots ; belly with black cross bands. a. S (V. 154 ; C. 25). Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [P.]. b. $ (V. 169 ; C. 18). Borneo. c. Yg. (V. 19.3; C. 22). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of C. melanorhynchus.) d. Hgr. (V. 167 ; C. 20). E. coast of Suma- Mrs. Findlay [P.]. tra. D. Head uniform dark brown or black above, like the body ; belly with large black spots or cross bands. a. 2 (V. 161 ; C. 20). Matang, Borneo. b. (S (V. 188; C. 24). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of C. alkeni.) c-d. S (V. 163, 164 ; Padang, Sumatra. C. 22 22). e. 2 (V. 194; C. 18). Java. C. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. /•_». ^ (Y. 1G2 ; 0. 23) Ternate. H.M.S. ' Challenger.' & 2 (V. 183 ; G. 17). E. As in the preceding, but lower parts without or with mere traces of spots. «. Yg. (Y. 202; C. 17). Java. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of C. dimidiata.) b. Yg. (V. 210: C. 15). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. I 121. C.4LAMAEIA. 335 c,d. 2 (V. 205,177; Java. C. 15, 19). e. ( d V. lot) ; 0. 22). Padang, Sumatra. E. Blackish brown above and below; labial and gular regions and a lateral streak running along the two outer rows of scales yellowish. a. 2 (V. 179; C. 17). Deli, Sumatra. Hr. Hartert [C] ; Fischer Collection. 3. Calamaria stahlknechtii. Calamaria stahlknechti, Sfolic::ka, Jour?/. As. Soc Bene/ xlii 1873 p. 119, pi. xi. fig. 2; Boulenc,. An7i. ^- Mag. N. H. (o) xvi." 1885^ Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above- fronlal longer than broad, not twice as broad as the supraocular', shorter than the panetals ; a prte- and a postocular : diameter of the eve exceeding its distance from the mouth; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chm-shields; posterior chin-shields separated from each other If II '\^^, ™T'- ^''"^''^' 147-163; anal entire; subcaudals ,T • , ^" "^ '° ^ P"*^''*^- Uniform brown or olive above • yellowish (red) inferiorlj, with or witliout more or less distinct black transverse spots or cross bands. Total length 2G5 millim. ; tail 24. Sumatra and Nias. ''l2,'2->[' ^^'' ^^^' ^'"^ ' ^- ~^' ^'^'''- "^"^ ^""'l^'""'-^"" [0.]. 4. Calamaria baluensis. (Plate XVII. fig. i.) Calamaria baluensis, Boiileng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 524. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above • frontal nearly twice as long as broad, not twice as broad as the supra ocular, as long as the parietals ; eve rather large, its diameter much greater than its distance from the mouth ; one prte- and one postocular ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eve • symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields : both pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. 13 rows of scales Ven- trals 175; anal entire; subcaudals 28. Tail ending 'in a point Erown above, with small black spots ; an interrupted' black streak along each side of the head and neck, passing through the eve • upper hp and lower parts white ; belly with three longitudinal series of small black spots ; a black line along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 340 millim. ; tail 33. North Borneo. a. 6 (V. 175 ; C. 28), Mt. Kina Baloo. A. Everett, Esq [C 1 (Type.) 336 COLXJBEID^, 5. Calamaria grabowskii. Calamaria gxa.ho^'s\i\i, Fischer, Arc/i.f. Xat. 1885, p. 50, pi. iv. fig. 1. Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, not twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as the parietals ; a pr£e- and a postocular ; diameter of the eye more than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; both pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 187 ; anal entire : subcaudals 20-22. Tail ending in a point. Brown above, with small black spots ; ventral shields and outer row of scales black, edged with white. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 32. Borneo. a-b. 2 (V- 187, 187 ; C. 20, 22). S.E. Borneo. Hr. Grabowsky [C] ; Dr. J. G. Fischer. (Types. 5. Calamaria albiventer. Changulia albiventer, Gray, Ill.Lul. Zool. ii. pi. Ixxxvi. fig. 3 (1831). Calamaria linnaii, var.. Cantor, Cat. .Mai. Eept. p. 62 (1847). • albiventer, Giinth. Cat. p. 4 (1858), and Kept. Brit. Ind. p. 197 (1864j. Eostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above _: frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as the parietals, not twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prte- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, the four anterior subequal in size, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields; both pairs of chiu-shiclds in contact with eacb other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 143-107; anal entire; subcaudals 16-21. Tail ending in a point. Brown above, with four yellow (vermilion) longitudinal streaks ; lower parts uniform yellow (carmine), with a black streak running along the junction of the ventrals with the lower row of scales ; a black line along the middle of the tail. Total lengtb 390 millim. ; tail 20. Finang. a, h. $ (V. 160, 157; C. 17, 17). Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Types.) c-d. $ (V. 167, 166; C. 17, 16). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. e.-f. 6 (V. 143; C. 21) & $ ? (V. 159 ; C. 16). 7. Calamaria margaritifera. (Plate XVII. fig. 2.) Calamaria margaritophora, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 294. maculolineata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 403. Eostral as deep as broad, well visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as the parietals, not twice as broad as 121. CALAMAEIA. 337 the supraocular; one prasocular ; one postocular; diameter of the thTrdTff %f f^i'-^^-/-- ^be luth; fiv'e upper labials ^tfZr ^l^^-tJi ontenng the eye; symphysial in contact with the oonHon 'l'''-'^'}^'^^ posterior chin-shields separated (or in contact) Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 165 (149); anal entire- subcaudals 12(19). Tail ending in a point. Brown above wth cS nf ?^ ^^r^ ^°'' '' '''''' '^ ^P°t«5 head blackish above; yellowLh ''™' "" yeUowish spot; lower parts uniform Total length 280 millim. ; tail 13. Sumatra, Java. a. 2 (V. 165 ; C. 12). ? Dr. Bleaker. (One of the types.) rJh ^^^^°^^g appears to be closely allied to, and may have to be regarded as a colour-variety of, C. margaritifera :— CaLAJUAEIA HOEVENir. Cakmaria hoevenii, EdeUng, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxxi. 1870, Rostral weU visible from above ; frontal once and a half as long as broad; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye symphysial m contact with the anterior chin-shields; a smaU scale between the two pairs of chin-shields. 13 rows of scales. Ven- trals 169 ; anal entire; subcaudals i». Brown above, head marbled with black; back with transverse pale black-edged bands; a series ot whitish spots along the outer row of scales ; lower parts yellowish with black spots. Total length 305 miUim. ; tail 13. Sumatra. 8, Calamaria prakkii. Calauiaria prakkei, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leijd. Mus. xv. 1893, Rostral as deep as broad, weU visible from above; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than the parietals ; one prte- and one postocular; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; no azygous shield between the four chin-shields. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 126-144; anal entire; subcaudals 25-30. TaU obtuse, witii a conical scale at the end. Dark brown above, with bluish gloss ; scales of the outer row with a light spot ; some specimens brown, with rather indistinct blackish longitudinal lines ; an indi- cation ot a light collar may be present ; beUy yeUow, with or without smaU dark spots; lower surface of taU usually with a median black hne. Total length 260 millim, ; tail 40. North Borneo. VOL, n. 338 COLTTBEID^. y. Calamaria grayi. Calaniaria grayi, Giinth. Cat. p. G (1858). philippinica, Steindachn. Verli. zool.-hot. Ges. Wien, xvii. 1867, p. 614, pi. xiii. figs. 4-6. Snout very short and broadly rounded. Eostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above ; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, not twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prae- aud one postocular; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth; five upper labials, the four anterior sub- equal in size, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 175-195 : anal entire ; subcaudals 14-24. Tail ending in a rather obtuse point. Young reddish white, with black rings; adult uniform blackish above, alternately barred black and white below. Total length 365 millim. ; tail 35. Philippine Islands. a, b. S (V. 175 ; C. 24) & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. fCl yg. (V. 195; C. 16). (Types.) 10. Calamaria bitorques. Calamaria gervaisii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 4 (1858). bitorques, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 585. Eostral as deep as broad, well visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prse- and one postocular ; the diameter of the eye nearly equals its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, the four anterior subequal in size, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; both pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 151-199; anal entire; subcaudals 13-21. Tail ending in a point. Brown above, the young with dark transverse bands separated by yellowish interspaces ; only the two or three anterior of these cross bands persist in the adult ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 265 miUim. ; tail 20. Philippine Islands. a. 2 (V. 199; C. 13). Luzon. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.l. b, c. $ (V. 183 ; C. 15) & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. rC.1. yg.(V.151; C.18). rf, e. d rV. 168 ; C. 20) & Philippines. Hi-. Salmin [C.]. yg.(V.168; C. 21). 11. Calamaria gervaisii. Calamaria vii'gulata {non Boie), Eydoux ^ Gervais, in Guer. Mag. Zool. CI. iii. 1837, pi. xvi. figs. 7-10, and Voy. Favorite, v. Zool. pi. XXX. figs. 7-10 (1839). gervaisii, I>um. l^- Bibr. vii. p. 76 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 8, a^id Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fig. 1 (1865). gervaisii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 4 (1858). llostral as deep as broad, well visible from above ; fioutal longer 121, CALAMARIA, 339 than broad, shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prae- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, the four anterior subequal in size, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; both pairs of chin-shields m contact with each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 152-178 ; anal entire; subcaudals 12-18. Tail ending in an obtuse point." Brown or blackish above, with or without darker or lighter spots and streaks ; a black spot at the outer extremity of each ventral shield, and a blackish line along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 255 millim. ; tail 20. Philippine Islands. A. Brown above, with three light dorsal streaks or series of spots bordered by series of black dots; belly uniform yellowish or with a few scattered black dots, "' *■ ^..r^viF U ^- ^^) ^ Philippines. H, Cuming, Esq. fC. i. yg. (V. 170.; C. 17). ^' ^ L J c. 2 (V. 171 ; C. 12). Luzon. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. B. Brown above, with four more or less distinct blackish longi- tudinal lines ; ventrals dotted with brown anteriorly. '^' q V r ^^^ ' ^'o^^^ ^ PMHppines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C], f. d (V. 163; C. 17)." Philippines. Hr. Salmin [C.]. C. Blackish brown above, with minute whitish dots ; ventrals black anteriorly. ff. 2 (V. 109 ; C. 14). S. Negi-os. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 12. Calamaria sumatrana. Calamaria sumatrana, Edeling, Nat. Tijdschr. Xeclerl. Lid. xxxi. 1870, p. 379 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 34; W. L. Sclater Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 233. Rostral a little broader than deep ; frontal longer than broad, a little shorter than the parietals, rather more than twice as broad 'as the supraocular ; one prse- and one postocular ; the diameter of the eye equals its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other, the anterior in contact with the symphysial. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 129-176; anal entire; subcaudals 12-31*. Tail ending in a point. Reddish brown or dark brown above, with five black longitudinal lines or series of small black spots ; each scale of the outer row with a white spot; a more or less distinct yellow collar on the nape, continuous or narrowly inter- rupted in the middle ; sometimes a similar marking at the base of the tail; lower parts uniform yellowish, with a more or less distinct black line along the middle of the tail. * The male specimen from Singapore in the Calcutta Museum has 129 ventrals and 31 subcaudals. z2 340 COLUBEID^. Total length 265 millim. ; tail 12, Sumatra, Singapore. a. 5 (V. 168; C. 13). District of Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.]. b-c. S (V. 142 ; C. 24) Sumatra ? Dr. Bleeker. & $ (V. 153 ; C. 14). 13. Calamaria everetti. (Plate XVIII. figs. 1 & 2.) Calamaria everetti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 525, and Ann. ^ Mag. N. R. (6) xiv. 1894, p. 84. Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than the parietals, not twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prae- and one postocular ; eye rather large, its diameter much more than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other ; first lower labial in contact with its feUow behind the symphysial. Scales in 13 rows. Ven- trals 144-184 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 16-23. Tail ending in a point. Brown above, with longitudinal series of darker spots, forming two lines along each side; each scale of the outer row white in the centre, dark brown on the borders ; upper surface of head brown, spotted with darker : lower parts yellowish, with a dark line along the middle of the tail. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 18. Borneo, Palawan. A. Nape dark brown, with a yellow collar ; belly unspotted. (/. Yg. (V. 144; C. 23). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) B. No coUar ; belly unspotted. b. Yg. (V. 175 ; C. 18). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. C. No collar ; a series of black dots along the middle of the belly. c. $ (V. 184; C. 16). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 14. Calamaria virgulata. Calamaria virgulata, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 540 ; v, Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 254. modesta, Bum. Sf Bibr. vii. p. 74 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 8, atid Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fig. 5 (1865) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 168. monochrous, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xsi. 1860, p. 293. bogorensis, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. Bryebn. p. 182, pi. xvi. figs. 6 & 7 (1890). Hostral nearly as deep as broad, weU visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prae- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first pair of lower labials in contact be- hind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 151-199 ; anal entire ; sub- 121. CALAMAEIA. 341 caudals 15-28. Tail obtuse. Dark brown or black above, uniform or with yellowish spots, or yellowish with brown spots ; lower parts blackish, uniform or variegated with yellow, or yellow in the middle and black on the sides. Total length 440 millim. ; tail 30. Sumatra, Java, Celebes. A. Dark brown or black above, with yellow spots ; lower parts black and yellow. a-b. S (V. 170 ; C. 27) Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. & 2 (V. 193 ; C. 19). B. Dark brown with yellow spots above, uniform black beneath. c. 2 (V. 198; C. 15). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. C. Dark brown above, with small black spots or lines, without yellow spots or with only a few on the anterior part of the body ; ventrals yellow in the middle, black on the sides. d. 2 C^- 199 ; C. 19). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. e-ff, h-i. (S (V. 158, 156, Rarahan, Java. Dr. Beccari [C] ; 156,163; C. 26,28,26, Marquis G. Doria 25)&$(V. 183;C. 15). [P.]. Z;-/, H2-0. d" (V. 164, 162 ; Mt. Singalang, Dr. Beccari [C] ; C. 24, 24) & $ (V. 178, Sumatra. Marquis G. Doria 174,179; C. 20, 18, 19). [P.]. p. $ (V. 196; C. 18). Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. D. Uniform black above and below. q. (J (V. 151; C. 22). Fort de Kock, Dr. Bleeker. Sumatra. (Type of C. monochrous.) 15. Calamaria leucogaster. Calamaria leucogaster, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 293 ; Gunth. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 89 ; Edelmg, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xxxi. 1870, p. 381. arcticeps, Gilnth. Ann. Sj Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 25, pi. vi. fig. C. Snout rather pointed ; rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; one prse- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, second larger than first or third, third and fourth entering the eye, or (spec, d) six upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; first pair of lower labials forming a suture behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 133-151 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 14- 17. Tail ending in a point. Brown above ; nape blackish, followed by a narrow yeUow collar ; tail with two blackish transverse spots ; uniform yellowish interiorly. Total length 200 mUlim. ; taU 13. Sumatra, Borneo. 342 COLTTBEID^. A. Back unifonn purplish brown, with mere traces of darker lines. a. Hgr. (V. 133 ; C. 17). Ampatlawang. Dr. Bleeker. (One of the types.) B. Pale brown above, with eight blackish longitudinal lines. b. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 16). Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. (Type of C. arcticeps.) c. 2 (V. 149 ; C. 14). Borneo. Dr. Collingwood [P.]. d. 5 (V. 147; C. 14). Labuan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. e. Hgr. (V. 143 ; C. 14). Kina Baloo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.J. 16. Calamaria occipitalis. Calamaria occipitalis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phjs. ii. 1862, p. 9, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. iii. fig. 1 (1865). Eostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as the parietals, once and a half as broad as the supraocular ; one prseocular ; one postocular ; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye : first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 177-179 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 20-21. Tail ending in a point. Blackish above ; upper lip, a band across the occiput, two outer series of scales, and lower parts whitish ; a blackish line along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 500 millim. ; taU 40. Java. 17. Calamaria bicolor. Calamaria bicolor, Dtim. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 78 (18-54) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 9, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fig. 0 (1865). Eostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as the parietals, about thrice as broad as the supraocular ; a prteocular and a postocular ; diameter of the eye a little less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye : first pair of lower labials forming a suture behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 143-152; anal entire ; subcaudals 24-29. Tail ending in a point. Black above ; upper lip, two outer series of scales, and lower parts whitish ; lower surface of tail with or without a black longitudinal line. Total length 375 mUlim. ; tail 57. Borneo. a. S (V. 143 ; C. 29). Sarawak. Eajah Brooke [P.]. 18. Calamaria lateralis. Calamaria lateralis, Mocquard, Le NaturaUste, 1890, p. 154, and Nouv. Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 136, pi. viii. fig. 4. 121. OAIAMAKU. 343 Eostral just visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as the parietals ; one prteocular ; postocular fused with the supraocular ; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the ej^e, fifth largest; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; both pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 146 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 21. Tail ending in a point. Blackish brown, a little lighter below ; a white lateral stripe, running along the second and third series of scales. Total length 245 miUim. ; tail 12. Mt. Kiua Baloo, N. Borneo. The fusion of the postocular with the supraocular may prove not to be a constant character. 19. Calamaria beccarii. Calamaria beccarii, Peters, An. Mus. Genova, iii. 1872, p. 34. Rostral visible from above ; frontal longer than broad ; one pr£e- and two postoculars ; five upper labials | first pair of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. ] 3 rows of scales. Ventrals 150 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 1(3. Brown above, with six darker longitudinal lines ; dirty white inferiorly, with a black line along the hinder half of the tail. Total length 183 millim. ; tail 14. Sarawak, Borneo. 20. Calamaria retentischii. (Plate XYIII. fig. 3.) Calamaria rebentischi, Bleeh. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 293. ^ Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above ; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, about twice and ahalf as broad as the supraocular ; no prteocular ; one postocular ; diameter of the eye much less than its distance from the mouth ; five' upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first pair- of lower labials forming a suture behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin- shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 142 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 29. Tail ending in a rather obtuse point. Purplish brown above, each scale of the outer row with a whitish spot ; uniform yellowish inferiorly. Total length 270 millim. ; tail 37. Borneo. a. S (V. 142 ; C. 29). Sinkawang. Dr. Bleaker. (Type.) 21. Calamaria agamensis. Calamaria agameusis, Bleeh. Nat. Ti/dschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi 1860 p. 292 ; Giinth. Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (3) xv. I860, p. 89. ' dumerili, Bleek, I. c. 344 coLrrBKiB^. Calamaria sinkawangensis, Bleek. I, c. roelandti, Bleek. I. c. p. 294. cuvieri, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 9, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. iii. fig. 2 (1865). Rostral broader than deep ; frontal at least as broad as long, at least four times as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the parietals ; no prseocular ; one postocular ; diameter of the ej^e much less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, the posterior usually separated from each other. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 135-174; anal entire ; subcaudals 21-38. Tail ending in a point. Black above, yellowish beneath ; usually a brown subcaudal line. Total length 290 millim. ; tail 43. Sumatra, Borneo, Java. a. $ (V. 153; C. 21). Sumatra. Dr. Bleaker. (Type.) h. (S (V. 139 ; C. 28). Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleaker. (Type of C. dumerili.) c. cj (V. 135; C. 27). Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleaker. (Type of C. sinkawangensis.) d. tS (V. 167 ; C. 27). Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleaker. (Type of C roelandti.) e. d (V. 168 ; C. .30). Java. f-k. S (V. 149, 146, 143 ; Salak, Java. K. Kirkpatrick. Esq. C. .36, 36, .38). [C.]. 22. Calamaria leucocephala. Calamaria lumbricoidea, var., Cantor, Cat. Mai. Rept. p. 61 (1847). leucocephala, Dum. ^ Bibr. vii. p. 83 (1854) ; Gilnth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 198 (1864). macrurus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdsehr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 294. nigro-alba, Giinth. I. c. pi. xviii. fig. C. martapurensis, Edeling, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. 1865, p. 203. iris, Boettg. Ber. Offenh. Ver. Nat. 1873, p. 38, pi. i. Rostral much broader than deep ; frontal at least as broad as long, four times as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the parietals ; one prae- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye much less than its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; anterior lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, the posterior usually in contact anteriorly. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 136-171 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 19-45. Tail ending in a point. Dark brown or black above, uniform yellowish beneath ; a faint brown subcaudal line may be present. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 48. Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 121. CAXAMAEIA. 345 A. Head yellowish. a. c? (V. 136 ; C. 42). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [0.1. b. c? (V. 154; 0.31). Java. B. Head coloured like the back, or somewhat lighter. c-e. Hgr. (V. 167, 147, Pinang. Dr. Oantor. 145 ; C. 25, 30, 31). (Types of C. nigro-alba.) f-g. c? (V. 154 ; 0. 30) Singapore. & $ (V. 167; 0.27). h. S (V. 142 ; 0. 45). Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. rP.l. i. 2 (V. 153 ; C. 19). Matang. k. c? (V. 165 ; 0. 28). Java. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of C. maa-urns.) l-n. c? (V. 145 ; 0. 36) Salak, Java. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. [0.1. &$(V.171,167;0.28,?). 23. Calamaria schlegelii. Oalamaria schlegelii. Bum. ^ Bih-. vii. p. 81 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Atiat. I'hys. ii. 1SC2, p. 8, and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. ii. fig. 4 (1865). Eostral broader than deep, visible from above ; frontal nearly as broad as long, a little shorter than the parietals, thrice as broad as the supraocular ; no pra?ocular : one postocular ; diameter of the eye less than its distance from the mouth : five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields separated from each other. Scales in 13 rows. Veutrals 138 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 33. Tail ending in a point. Blackish above ; temples and lower surfaces whitish : a brown line along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 259 millim. ; tail 37. Borneo. 24, Calamaria linnaei. Ooluber calamarius, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 23, pi. vi. fig. 3 (1754), and S. N. i. p. 375 (1766). Anguis calamaiia, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 68 (1768). Oalamaria linntei, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 539: Schleg. Phys. Serj). ii. p. 28, pi. i. figs. 17 & 18 (1837), and Abbild. p. 15, pi. "iv. (1837) ; Bum. &• Bibr. vii. p. 63, pi. ixiv. (1854) ; Giiiith. Cat. p. 3 (1858) : Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 6, pi. v., and Icon. Gen. 10, pi. i. figs. 1, 2, 3, 6 (1865). miiltipuuctata, Boie, I. c. p. 540. maculosa, Boie, I. c. reticulata, Boie, I. c. versicolor, Ranzani, Mem. Soc. Ital. Modena, xxi. 1837, p. 101, pi. V. fig. 3 ; Dum. ^- Bibr. t. c. p. 69 ; Jan, II. cc, Icon. figs. 7 k 8. Rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as the parietals, not quite twice as 346 COITJBRID^. broad as the supraocular ; one praj- and one postocular ; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the moiith ; four upper labials ; second and fourth largest, second and third entering the eye ; sym- physial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; the two pairs of chin-shields usually in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 135-163 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 9-23. Tail obtuse. Colour very variable. Total length 320 millim. ; tail 15. Java, Celebes. A. Reddish above, with black transverse bars ; red inferiorly, with quadrangular black spots. {Coluber calamarms, L, ; var. transversalis, Jan.) n. 2 (V. 144; C. 9). Java. h. 2 (V. 151 ; C. 9). Java. Dr. Ploem [0.]. B. Reddish or purplish brown above, with small black spots ; red inferiorly, with quadrangular black spots. (C. reticulata, Boie ; vars. tessellata, bilineata, contaminata, Jan.) a-c, d, e, f. c? (V. 141, Java. 145, 136, 138 ; C. 20, 18, 19, 17) & 2 (V. 151, 159 ; C. 12, 11). fj-h, i, k. d (V. 141; Java. Dr. Ploem [CI. C. 17) & 2 (V. 147, 159,159; C. 10, 10, 11). /. 2 (V. 166 ; 0. 10). Salak, Java. E. Kirkpatrick, Esq. [C.]. m. 2 (V. 154 ; C. 10). Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. n. Ad., skel. Java. C. Like B, but belly uniform red, without spots. «-c?. J (V.139,135,145; Java. C. 21, 21, 19). D. Like B, but belly uniform black. a. 2 (V. 1G3 ; C. 14). WiUis Mts., Kediri, Baron v. Huegel [C.]. Java, 6000 feet. E. Brown above, with a few small black spots and a black vertebral line ; belly red with black spots. (C. versicolor, Ranz.) a. 24 ; C. Port Xatiil. Mr. T. Ayres ,'0.1 «8). ^ e. c?^ (Sc. 24 ; V. 214 ; C. S, Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (One ^•"i). of tht^ types of 7A iminiata.) f. S (Sc. 25 ; V. 231 ; C. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 7fi). f/. $ (Sc. 24 ; V. 2.31 ; C. Kilimaniaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq. 79). ■ [P.]. h. 2 (Sc. 25 ; V. 24.1 ; C. Uganda. Scott Elliot, Esr.. [P.]. 74). ADDENDA. X(U: Tiigo 1-5. Drymobius boddaertii. A. (C boddaertii). €. 2 (V. 187 ; C. 91). Chontalez Mines, Nicara- R. A. Uix, Esq. [C.]; gua. W. M. Crowfoot, Esq. [P.]. Lower parts bright orange. A(l(j . Page 15. Drymobius rhombifer. /. c? (V. 151 ; C. 93). Chontalez Mines, Nicara- R. A. Rix, Esq.[C.]; gua. \V. M. Crowfoot, Esq. [P.]. ^(1^1 . Page 16. Drymobius dendrophis. r-t. 2 C^'- 1'57 ; 0. ?), Chontalez Mines, Nicara- E. A. Eix. Esq. [C] ; hsT. (V. 165; C. gua. W. M. Crowfoot, 123), and yg. (V. Esq. [P.]. 162; C. 111). ^jjfl . Page 37. Coluber helena. fi-w. 2 (Sc. 27, 26; V. 238, 239; Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. C. 81, 87) & yg. (Sc. 27; V. 237, 223,220; 0^.86,91, 100). Aflfl :— r*'''gc 52. Coluber longissimus. Coluber nssculapii, Lilfken, Vidcnsk. Meddcl. 1894, p. 72. ^^Ifl . Page 57. Coluber oxycephahis. n. Ad., head and tail. Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C], j^flf] . Page 58. Coluber jaiiseni. Coluber (Gonyosoma) jausenii, F. Miill. J'er/i. naf. Gt-s. Bani'l x. 1894, p. 829. 358 ADDENDA. ^^^ . Page 63. Coluber erythrurus. Coluber erytlirurus, F. Miill. Verh. tud. Ges. Basel, x. 1894, p. 828. A. (C. erythrurus). g. cJ (V. 235; C. 112). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [0.]. ^(j^ . Page 79. Dendrophis pictus. 7/. 2 (V. 189 ; C. 154). Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. ^^(j . Page 80. Dendrophis bifrenalis. d. 2 (V. 164 ; C. 155). Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. ^^(j . Page 89. Dendrelaphis tristis. q-r. S (V. 182 ; C. 128) & yg. Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. (V. 182; C. 134). ^^^ . Page 90. Dendrelaphis caudolineatus. r-t. 2 (V. 185 ; C. 109) & yg. Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (V. 182, 182 : C. 107, 106). u-v. Hgr. (V. 177 ; C. 101) & Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. yg. (V. 178 ; C. 108). lo-x. nus(Aporo|)bis), 1()0. amcrnus (IJracbvorrbos), 324. 362 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. amoenus (Oarphophis), 324. amoenus (Coluber), 321. amoenus (Enicognathus), 160. ancoralis (Simotes), 22.5. ancorus (Xenodon), 224. andaraanensis (Dendro- phis), 78. andresE (Liophis), 140. angoleusis (Chlorophis), angolensis (Philotham- nus), 9.5. angulifer (Alsophis), 120. angulifer(Dromicus),120. angusticeps (Oontia), 2(j2. angustirostris (Xenodon), 146. annectens (Pituophis), 67. annularis (Galedon),296. ann>ilata(Coronella),203. annulata (Lampropeltis), 201,203. annulatum (Tropidoclo- nmtu), 296. annulatus (Geophis), 296. annulatus (Heterodon), 155. annulatus (Opbibolus), 201, 203. annulifer (Simotes), 226. annulifera (Tropido- dipsas), 297. Anodon, 3.53. anomala (Coronella), 165, 203. anomala (Rhadinisa), 165. anomalolepis (Spilotes), 23. anoraalus (Alsophis), 125. anomalus (Aporophis), 165. anomalus (Dromicus), 125. anomalus (Zamenis), 125. Anoplophallus, 353. anthracops (Leptogna- thus), 297. anthracops (Tropido- dipsas), 297. antillensis (Alsophis), 123. antillensis (Dromicus), 122, 123. antillensis (Psamniophis), 122, 123. antonii (Rhinochilus), 213. aphanospilus (Simotes), 225. Aporophis, 157, 160. arcticeps(Oalamaria),341. aretiventris (Calamaria), 274. aretiventris (Coluber), 274. aretiventris (Duberria), 274. aretiventris (Homalo- soma), 274. argonauta (Tyria), 250. argus (Spilotes), 20. Arizona, 25. arizonse (Coluber), 66. aruensis (Coluber), 229. arnensis (Simotes), 229, 359. arnyi (Diadophis), 208. arnyi (Liophis), 208. Arrhyton, 251. aruensis (Dendrophis), 80. asolepiadeus (Coluber), .52. ater (Alsopliis), 121. ater (Dromicus), 121. ater (Ocyophis), 121. ater (Zamenis), 139. atmodes (Heterodon), 155. atra (Natrix), 121. Atraetus, 300. atrostriata (Dendrophis), 85. auriburdus (Spilotes), 33. australis (Coronella), 168. austriaca (Coronella), .53, 191. austriacus (Coluber), 191. austriacus(Zacholus), 192. badia (Calamaria), 308, 309. badium (Rabdosoma), 307, 308. badius (Atraetus), 308. badius (Brachyorrhos), 308. badius (Geophis), 308. bairdi (Coluber), 40. baliodeira (Coronella), 283. baliodeirus (Diadophis), 283. baliodirus (Ablabes), 283. baliolum (Homalosoma), 282. balteata (Coronella), 197. baluensis(Calan) aria) ,335. beccarii (Calamaria), 343. beddomii (Simotes), 229. bellii (AhKtulla), 78. bellii ( HerpetfEthiops),97, bellona (Cburchillia), 69. bellona (Pituophis), 69. Bellophis, 188. benjaminsii (Calamaria), 347. bernouillii (Leptogna- thus), 296. bernouillii (Tropido- dipsas), 296. bertholdi (Xenodon), 146. bicarinata (Natrix), 73. bicarinatus (Coluber), 73. bicatenatus (Simotes), 219. bieincta (Urotheca), 184. bicinctus (Coluber), 184. bicinctus (Leiosophis), 184. bicinctus (Liophis), 184. bicinctus (Xenodon), 184. bicolor (Calamaria), 342. bicolor(Coluber),131,168. bicolor (Dirosema), 298. bicolor (Geophis), 298. bicolor (Liophis), 168. bifossatus (Coluljer), 10. bifossatus (Drymobius), 10. bifrenalis (Dendrophis), 80, 358. bihneata (Diplotropis), 111. bilineatus (Drymobius), 11. bilineatus (Elaphis), 59. bilineatus (Enicogna- thus), 173. bilineatus (Herpetodry- as), 11. bilineatus (Leptophis), 111,358. binotatus (Simotes), 235, 243. biprseocularis (Xenodon), 146. bipunctatus (Diadophis), 285. biserialis (Herpetodryas), 119. biserialis (Orophis), 120. bistrigatus(Cynophis),36. bitorquata (Coronella), 196. bitorquatum (Meizodon), 196. bitorquatus (Oligodon), 237. bitorques (Calamaria), 338. bivittatum (Arrhyton), 252. bivittatus (Drymobius), 15. ALrilABCTICAI. INPEX. 3G3 bivittatus(Leptophis), 15. bivittatu.s (Tliamnoso- phis), 15. bocagii (AhiEtulla), 99. bocourti (Atractus), 306. bocldiiertii (Coluber), 11. boddaertii (Dryiiiobius), 11,357. boddaertii (Eudryas), 12. boddaertii (Herpeto- dryas), 11. bogorensis (Calamaria), 340. boiga (Coluber), 113. boii (Dendropbis). 88. borneeiisis (Oalamaria), 347. boursieri (Dromicais), 174. boylii (Lampropelti.s), 197. boylii (Ophibolus), 197. brachvcepbalum (Cato- stoma), 299. brachycephalum (Diro- sema), 299. brachyceplialus (Colo- bognathus), 299. bracbvcephalus (Ela- poi'dis), 299. Brachyorrhos, 300. brachyoi-rhos (Oala- maria), 218. brachyura (Coronella), 206. brachyurus (Opheomor- pbus), 1.36. brachyurus (Zamenis), 206. breyicauda (Liopeltis), 259. brevicauda (Oligodon), 240. ^ ^ ^ breviceps (Coluber), 149. breviceps (Dasypeltis), 3.55. breviceps (Dendropbis), 86. breviceps (Liophis), 164. breviceps (Ophiouior- pbus), 164. breviceps (Ehadinaea), 164. brevifrenum (Rabdo- soma), 302. brevirostris (Dromicus), 174. brevis (Calamaria), 348. brevis (Typhlogeophis), 351. brunneus (Drymobius), brunneus (Herpetodryas), 15. brunueus (Masticophis), 15. cacodaemoii (Coluber), 154. c.TTulescens (Coluber), 96. creruleus (Dromicus), 11. Cferuleua (Drymobius), 12. c«ruleus (Hapsidophrys), 103. Caesar (Xenurophis), 2S8. Calamaria, 188, 23.3, 255, 273, 300, 324, 330. calamaria (Ablabes), 282. calamaria (Anguis), 345. calamaria (Cyclophis), 282. calamarius (Coluber), 345. californi.Ti (Coluber), 197. California; (Coronella), 197. california3 (Ophibolus), 197. californife (Ophis), 197. callicephalus (Coluber), 34. callicephalus (Coronella), 34. calligaster (Ablabes), 198. calligaster (Coluber), 198. calligaster (Contia), 164. calligaster (Coronella), 198. calligaster (Dendi-ophis), 80. calligaster (Lampropel- tis), 199. calligaster (Ophibolus), 199. calligaster (RhadiuKa), 164. calligaster (Scotophis), 40. calliljBma (Dromicus), 142. callihtma (Natrix), 142. callila?mus (Liophis), 142. Callopeltis, 24. callostictus (Hydrops), 187. Calonotus, 160. Calopisma, 185, 186, 289, 290. caua (Ficimia), 272. caninana (Natrix), 23. cantori.* (Coluber), 35. canum (Gyalopion), 272. capistrata (Natrix), 121. capistratus (Coluber), 10. carinata (Cynophis), 36. carinata (Phyllophis), 55. cariuatus (Chironius), 73. carinatus (Coluber), 73. carinatus (Dipsas), 354. carinatus (Herpetodryas), 72, 73, 75, 76. carolinianus (Coluber), 39. Carphophiops, 324. Oarphophis, 288, 324. catenata (Calamaria), 351. catenatus (Cycloj>his), 274. catenifer (Coluber), 67. catenifer (Pituophis), 67, 69. catenifer (Simotes), 218. catesbyi (Ahsetulla), 115. catesbyi (Dendropbis), 115. catesbyi (Heterodon), 156. catesbyi (Leptophis), 115. catesbyi (Uroniacer), 115. Catostoma, 314. caucasica (Coronella), 192. caucasicus (Coluber), 192. caudalineatus (Lepto- phis), 89. caudolineata (Ahsetula), 89. caudolineata (Deudro phis), 89. caudolineatus (Dendre- laphis), 89, 368. caudolineolatus (Dendro- pbis), 85. caymanus(Alsophis), 120. celebensis (Elaphis), 62. Celuta, 324. Cemophora, 213. cenchrus (Coluber), 166. cervone (Elaphis), 46. chairecacos (Dendropbis), 88. chalvbrea (Geopbis), 317, 318,319,320,321,322. chalybfeum (Catostoma), 318. chalybteus (Elapoides), 319. chalybeus (Alopecophis), 57. chalybeus (Geophis), 318, 320. chainissonis (Coronella), 119. 364 ALPHABETICAL INDKX. cllamissonis (Droinicns). 119. chainissonis (Opheomor- phus), 120. championi (Geophis), 321. Cheilorhina, 188. chenonii (Dendropbis), 9fi. chenonii (Leptophis), Ofi. chiame.thi (Natrix), 168. Chilomeniscus. 272. chinensis (Simotes), 228. Ohionactis, 255. Chironiua, 24, 71, 118. chloris (Herpetodryas), 279. chlorophsea (Hypsiglena), 209. Chloropliis, 91. Chlorosoma, 255 cblorosouia (Coluber), 38. cb oroticum (Dendropbi- diuin), 16. chloroticus (Drvmobias), 16. cbrysobronchuB (Pbryno- nax), 22. chrysobroncbus (Spilo- tes), 22. cbrysostoraa (Rhadineea), 167. Cburchillia, 2.5. cincta (Carphopbis), 273. cinctus (Ablabes), 283. oinctus (Cbilomenisous), 273. cinereus (Alsopbis), 124. cinereus (Simotes), 222. cinnamomea (Natrix), 72. clavata (Rhadina!a), 177. clavatus (Dromieus), 177. clericus (Opbibolus), 200. climacophorus (Coluber), 54. eobella (Coluber), 166. ^ cobella (Coronella), 166. cobella (Blaps), 166. cohella (Liopbis), 166, 167. cobella (Opbioinorpbus), 166. cobella (Ehadiniea), 166. coccinea (Ceuiophora), 214. coccinea (Coronella), 205. coccinea (Lampropeltis), 205. coccineus (Coluber), 214. coccineus (Elaps), 214. coccineus (Heterodon), 214. coccineus (Opbibolus), 201. coccineus (Rbinostoma), 214. coccineus (Simotes), 214. cocbinchinensis (Simotes), 219. Coelognalbus. 25. cognatus (Heterodon), 155. collaris (Ablabes), 261. coUaris (Coluber), 260. collaris (Contia), 260. collaris (Coronella), 2(U. collaris (Cyclophis), 261. collaris (Eireuis), 260, 261. collaris (Geoptyas), 31. collaris (Homalosoma), 262. collaris (Idiopbolis), 327. collaris (Liopbis), 167. collaris (Opliibolus), 200. Colobognatbus, 314. Coloplirys, 31 4. Colorbogia, 251. Coluber, 24. colubrinus (Xeuodon), 146, 359. Oomastes, 208. compressus (Coluber), 39. Compsosoma, 25. concolor (Hydromor- phus), 185. con finis (Scotopbis), 49. conirostris (Aporopbis), 135. conirostris (Liopbis), 134. conirostris (Lygopbis), 134. conjuncta (Coronella), 203. conjuncta (Lampropeltis), 197. Conopsis, 255. conspicillata (Coronella), 51. conspiclllatus (Callopel- tis), 51. conspicillatus (Coluber), 51. conspicillatus (Elapbis), 51. constrictor (Coryplio- don), 31. Contia, 255. copii (Oemophora), 214. corais (Coluber), 31. corais (Spilotes), 31. corallioides (Syncbali- nus), 70. eoralHventris (Aporo- pbis), 1.59. coronata (Calamaria), 196. coronata (Coronella), 196. ooronatus (Cerastes), 2.3. coronatus (Coluber), 23. coronatus (Mizodon), 196. Coronella, 25, 126, 160, 188 214 277. coronella (Ablabes), 264. coronella (Calamaria), 264. coronella (Coluber), 191. coronella (Contia), 264. coronella (Homalosoma), 264. coronelloides (Homalo- soma), 264. corouilla (Natrix), 191. Coryphodon, 7, 9, 188. Cosmiosopbis, 180. couperi (Coluber), 31. couperi (Georgia), .31. couperi (Spilotes), 31 . crassicaudatum (Rbabdo- soma), 304, 310. crassicaudalus ( Atractus), 310. crassus (Simotes), 219. Crossanthera, 9. cruciatum (Rabdion), 245. cruentatus (Coluber), 41. crnentatus (Simotes), 231. Ci-yptodacus, 251. cubensis (Dromieus), 140. cucuUiceps (Leptogna- tbus), 296. cuculliceps (Tropido- dipsas), 296. cupreum (Rbinostoma), 247. cupreus (Coluber), 191. cupreus (Leptopbis), 109. cupreus (Thrasops), 109. cursor (Coluber), 139. cursor (Dromieus), 139, 140. cursor (Herpetodryas), 139, 140. cursor (Liopbis), 1,39. cuvieri (Calamaria), 344. cyanopleurus (Aporo- pbis), 142. Cyclagras, 144, 180. Cyclopbiops, 277. ALrnABETICAL INDEX. 365 Cyclophis, 255, 277. cyclura (Ooronella), 219. cvclurus (Siniotes), 219. Cyuophis, 24. darnloyensis (Dendro- phis), 80. Dasypeltiuie, ,3,^)3. Diisypekis, 3."i3 daudini (Pseudoeryx), 18(5. davidi (Coluber), Sfi. davidi (Tropidoiiotiis), 5B. decalepis (llerpetodryas), 75. deceiiilineata (Contia), 260. deoetulineatus (Ablabes), 2(iO. decpinlineatus (Eireuis), 260. decipiens (Ablabes), 181. decorata (Coronella), 174, 176. decorata (Rbadinrea), 176, 359. decoratus (Diadopbis), 176, 178. deeonis (AbiBtulIa), 78. dnporiis (Coluber), 78. defilippii (Oxyrliina), 269. Deirodon, 353. Deiidrelapbis, 87. Peiidrophidium, 9. Dendrophis, 71, 77, 87, 98, 102, 105. 115. dendrophis (Dendroplii- dium), 15. dendrophis (Dryruobius), 15, 357. dendrophis (Herpeto- dryas), 14, 15. dennysi (Siniotes), 218. deppei (Elaphis), 66. deppei (Pitnophis), 66. deppei (Spilotes), 67. deppii (Coluber), W. deppii (Elapochrous), iy2. depressirostris (Lepto- phis). 107. depressirostris (Philo- tliannius), 107. deserticola (Pituopbis), 68. Diadopbis, 160, 188, 277. diasii i Cbionaetis), 268. diastema (Liopbis), 18.3. dicliroa (llerpetodryas"), 30. dichrous (Coluber), 30. Dicraulax, 215. dilepis (Aporopbis), 158 dilepis (Lygophis), 158. Diniades, 185. dimidiata (Calamaria), 333. dimidiatus (Elapoelirus), 183. dimidiatus (Pliocercus), 183. dione (Chironius), 44. dione (Ca'lopeltis), 44. dione (Coluber), 44. dione (Elaphis), 44, 46. Diplotropis, 105. diplotropis (Ahtetulla), 110. diplotropis (Hapsido- phrys), 110. diplotropis (Leptophis), 110. Dipsas, 292. Dirosenia, 298. discolor (Ilypsiglena), 211. discolor (Leptodira), 211. docilis (Diadopbis), 207, 208. doliata (Coronella), 200, 201, 203, 205. doliata (Lampropeltis), 201. doliatus (Coluber), 131, 205. doliatus (Opbibolus), 200, 201, 203, 205. doliatus (Opbiomorphus), 1.32. dolicbocepJialum (Cato- stoma), 320. dolichocephalus (Colobo- gnatbus), 320. dolichocephalus (Ela- poides), 320. dolichocephalus (Geo- pbis), 320. dorbignyi (Heterodou), 151. dorbignyi (Lystropbis), 151. ' duriif (Ablabes), 279. dorijE (Ovclopliiops), 279. dorsale (Oligodon), 234. dorsalis (Abajtulla), 101. dorsalis (Droniicus). 119. dorsalis (Drymobius), 12. dorsalis (Elaps), 241. dorsalis (Leptophis), 101. dorsalis (Liopliis), 170. dorsali.s (Oligodon), 241. dorsalis (Ophiomor- phus), 170. dorsalis (Philothamnns), 101. dougesii (Diadopbis), 208. Dromicns, 9, 118, 126, 1.57, 160. drumniondi (Farancia), 291. Drymobius, 8, 25. Duberria, 1!73. duberria (Coluber), 274. duberria (Elaps), 274. dubium (Geophidiuui), 322. dubium (Eabdosoma), 308. dubium (Xenodon), 243. dubius (Geopbis), 322, 323. dubdisi (Atractus), 310. duboisi (Babdosoma), 310. dvTgesi (Elapoidis), 317. dugesii (Geophis), 317. dumerili (Calamaria), 343. dumerilii (Dendrophis), 8. dumerilii (Dromicus), 181._ _ dimierilii (Leptognathus), 296. dumerilii (Urotbeca), 181. dumfrisiensis (Coluber), 205. dysopes (Diadopbis), 206. Eirenis, 255. eiseni (Opbibolus), 197. elaioeroma (Ficimia), 271. Elaphis, 24. elaphis (Coluber), 45. elaphis (Natrix), 46. Elapochrous, 180. Elapoides, 314. elapoides (Liophis), 183. elapoides (Pliocercus), 182. elapoides (Urotbeca), 182, 359. elaps (Atractus), 302. elaps (Geophis), 302. elaps (Rbabdosoma), 302. elapsoidea (Calamaria), 205. 363 ALPnADETICAL INDEX. elapsoidea (Osceola), 205. elapsoideus (Lauiprojiel- tis), 205. elegans (Arizona), 60. elejians (Coronella), 175, 19(i. elegaus (Dendrophi.s), 86. elegans (Enicogiiathus), 173. elpgans (Pityophis), 66. elegans (Ehinechis), 66. elegans (Virginia), 289. ellioti (Oligodon), 242. elongata (Dasjpeltis), '655. eiuini (Alisetulla), 92. emini (Cbloropbis), 92. emmeli (Atractus), 311. emmeli (Geophis). 311. emorji (Coluber), 40. emoryi (Natris), 40. emoryi (Scotophis), 40. enganensis (Coluber), 63. Enicoguatbus, lt)0. Enulius, 249. ephippicus (Cbilomenis- cus), 273. epinepbelus (Liophis), 137. episcopa (Ountia), 265, 266. episcopum ^Homalo- soma), 265. episcopum (Larapro- soma), 265. erebeunus (Spilotes), 31. eremita (Coluber), 44. EriDetodryas, 71. erytbrogrammum (Oalo- pisma), 290. erytbrogrammus (Abas- tor), 290. erythrogrammus (Colu- 'ber), 290. erytbrogrammus (Heli- cops), 290. erythrogrammus (Homa- lopsis), 290. erytbrogrammus (Hy- drops), 290. erytbrurum (C'ompso- soma), 62. erytbrurus (Coluber), 62, 358. erytbrurus (Plagiodon), 62. Eudryas, 9. Eurypbolis, 277. euryzona (Elapoehrus), 182. ^ ■ euryzona (Urutlieca), 182. euryzonus (Pliocercus), 182. eutropis (Pln-ynonax), 22. evausii (Coronella), 199. evansii (Opbibolus), 199. everetti (Calamaria), 340. everetti (Oligodon), 239. exiguus (Dromicus), 126. exiniia (Coronella), 200. esimius (Coluber), 197, 200. eximius (Opbibolus), 200. Exorbina, 255. extenuatum (Stilosoraa), 325. Farancia, 290. fasciata (Contia), 262. fasciata (Dendrophis), 85. fasciata (Farancia), 291. fasciata (Geophis), 296. fasciata (Higina), 187. fasciata (Leptognathus), 294. fasciata (Tropidodipsas), 294, 295, 296. fasciata (Virginia). 296. fasciatus (Ablabes), 262. fasciatus(Cbilomeniscus), 273. fasciatus(Cyclophis"), 262. fasciatus (Dasypeltis), 354. fasciatus (Eirenis), 202. fasciatus (Elapoides), 296. fasciatus (Oligodon), 243. fasciatus (Pbrynoiiax), 21. fasciatus (Sj)ilotes), 21, 22. fasciolatus (Simotes), 219. favffi (Atractus), 313. fa,\ie (Calamaria), 313. favas (Rabdosoma), 313. ferox (Hypsirhynchus), 117. ferruginosus (Coluber), 191. Ficimia, 270. fiscberi (Tropidodipsas), 296. fiscberi (Zamenis), 195. fitzingeri (Zacbolus), 192. flammigerus (Brachy- orrbos), 308. flavescens (Callopeltis), 52. flavescens (Coluber), 52. flavescens (Elapbis), 53. flavescens (Pbyllosira), 75. flariceps (Calamaria), 333. flavifrenatus (Aporopliis), 158. flavifrenatus (Dromicus), 158. flavifrenatus (Lygopbis), 1.58. flavignlaris (Dendrophis), 105. flavigularis (Thrasops), 105, 3.58. flavilatus (Dromicus), 143. flavilatus (Liophis), 143. flavirufus (Coluber), 39. flavirufus (Natrix), 39. flaviventris (Geoptyas), 31. flaviventris (Liophis), 167. flavolineatus (Herpeto- dryas), 73. floriclanus (Coluber), 40. forbesii (Simotes). 225. formosa (Coronella), 203. furniosa (Dendrophis), 84. forinosanus (Simotes), 222, 3.59. formosus (Dendrophis), 84. formosus (Leptophis), 78. forsteni (Rabdion), 328. forsteui (Rhabdophi- dium), .328. forsteri (Xatrix), 136. fraseri (Liophis), 131. frenata (Abtetulla), 116. frenatum (Gonyosoma), 58. frenatus (Ablabes), 280. frenatus (Coluber), 68. frenatus (Cyclophis), 280. frenatus (Dromicus), 181. frenatus (Herpetodryas), 58. frenatus (Leptophis), 141. frenatus (Uromacer), 116. frontalis (Contia), 270. frontalis (Ficimia), 270. frontalis (Geagras), 270. frontalis (Prosymna), 248. frontalis (Pseudoficimia), 270. frontalis (Temnorhyn- chus), 247. 248. frontah's (Toliica). 270. fugax (Coluber), 62. fugitivus (Coluber), 139. ALPn.VIiETICAL INDEX. 367 fiigitivus (Droinicus), 139, 140, 141. fugitivus (Liopliis), 139. f'ulviceps (EihadiiUBa), 179. fulvivittis (Diadophis), 178. fulvivittis (Dromicus), 178. fulvivittis (Rhadinaea), 178. fulvum (Arrbyton), 252. funereus (Alsophis), 142. furcata (Grayia), 287. fusca (Alisetula), 82. fusca (Dendropbis), 82. fusca (Eliadinaia), 169. fuseus (Coluber), 11,75. fuscus (Dendropbis), 82. fuseus (Geopbis), 322. fuscus (Herpetodryas), 73, 75. fuscus (Liopbis), 169. fuscus (Opbeomorpbus), 169. Galedon, 294. gallicus (Coluber), 192. gastrograninia (Cala- maria), 349. Gastropjsis, 102. gastrostictus (Dendro- pbis), 86. Geagras, 326. genimaculata (Liopbis), 170. genimaculata (Lygophis), 170. geniiuacuIata(Ebadins)ea), 170. gentilis (Coronella), 201. gentilis (Ophibolus), 201. Geopbidiuni, 314. Geopbis, 314. Geoptyas, 25. Georgia, 25. gervaisii (Calamaria),338. getula (Coronella), 197. getula (Lampropeltis), 197. getulus (Coluber), 197. getulus (Coronella), 197. getulus (Hei'petodryas), 197. getulus (Opbibolus), 197. giardi (Grayia), 288. gigas (Cyclagras), 144. gigas (Xenodou), 144. gigas (Leiosopbis), 144. girardi (Philotbarunus), 102. girondica (Coronella), 194. girondicus (Coluber), 194. glabra (Herpetodryas), 76. Glaniolestes, 286. godniani (Coronella), 180. {ioduiani (Geopbis), 322. godmani (Rbadina:a), 179. godmanii (Henicogna- tbus), 179. godmanui (Dromicus), 179. Gonyopbis, 70. Gonyosoma, 24. grabovrskii (Calaraaria), 336. grabowskyi (Elapbis), 47. graoile (Trimetopon), 184. gracilis (Ablabes), 184. gracilis (Dendropbis), 82. gracilis (Leptopbis), 103. gracillinia (Absetulla), 95. gracillinia (Calamaria), 350. gracillinius (Typblo- calamus), 350. graea (Elapbis), 46. gramiueum (Gonyosoma), 69. grandisquamis (Herpeto- dryas), 76. grandisquamis (Spilotes), 76. grandoculis (Dendro- pbis), 84. grapbicus (Coluber), 1.37. grayi (Calamaria), 338. Grayia, 286. gregorii (Dendropbis), 85. guentberi (Atrnctus), 305. guentberi (Geopbis), 305. guentberi (Pbilotham- nus), 96. guentberi (Pbrynonax), 20. guentberi (Xenodon), 147. guttatus (Coluber), 39, 198. guttatus (Elapbis), 40, 49. guttatus (Scotopbis), 40. guttulatum (Rbabdo- soma), 298. Gyalopion, 270. babcli (Droinicus), 119. baniuitois (Pityophis), 67. bainanensis (Simotes), 359. Hapsidopbrys, 102, 103. barperti (Virginia), 289. barpertii (Carpbopbis), 289. heatbii (Drymobius), 11. lieatbii (Herj)etodryas), 11. helena (Coluber), 36, 357. belena (Cynopbis), 36. belena (Dendropbis), 88. belena (Herpetodryas), 36. belena (Plagiodon), 36. belense (Carpbojibiops), 325. belensB (Carpbopbis), 325. belen« (Celuta), 324. Helicops, 186, 289. bermanni (Coluber), 65. Herpetsetbiops, 91. Herpetodryas, 8, 24, 71, 126, 167, 188, 255, 277. berzi (Simotes), 43. beteroderma (Abastulla), 97. beterodermus (Cbloro- pbis), 97, 358. beterodermus (Pbilo- tbamnus), 97. Heterodou, 153, 213, 253. beterodon (Coluber), 154, 156. beterolepidota (Abse- tulla), 95. beterolepidota (Lepto- pbis), 95. heterolepidotus (Cbloro- pbis), 96, 358. beterolepidotus (Pbilo- thamnus), 96. Heteronotus, 286. besagonotus (Ptyas), 8. bexagonotus(Xenelapbis), 8. bexabonotus (Coluber), 8. bexabonotus (Xenela- pbis), 8. bexanotus (Corypbodon), 8. Higina, 186. hispanica (Coronella), 194. bistricus (Heterodon), 162. bistricus (Lystropbis), 152. hodgsouii (Coluber), 35. 368 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. hodgsonii (Compsosoma), 3."). hodgsonii (Spilotes), 35. lioevenii (Calamaria), 337. hoffiiianni (Colobogna- thus), 319. hoft'iuaiini (Elapoides), 319. boffmanni (Geopbis), 319. i)obenackeri(Coluber),42. Holarcbus, 215. holbrookii (Elapbis), 50. bolocblorus (Herpeto- dryas), 75. Homalopsis, 185, 186, 289, 290. Homalosoma, 233, 255, 273, 277. lioplogaster (AbatuUa), 93. hoplogaster (Cbloropbis), 93. hoplogaster (Pbilotham- nus), 93. Hydromorpluis, 185. Hydrops, 186. Hypsiglena, 208. Hypsirbjnebus, 117. Idiopholis, 327. ignita (Coronella). 176- ignita (Rbadinaea), 176. Ignitus (Dromicus), 176. iberiugii (Coroiiella), 172. inagnitus (Pseuderyx), 359. iuconstans (Droujicus"), 121. inornata(Coronella), 195. inornatus (Dasypeltis;, 354. inornatus (Eirenis), 260. inornatus (Racbiodon), 355. inornatus (Uromacer), 116. interniedius (Pityophis), 37. iris (Calamaria), 344. irregularis (Abtetulla), 92, 94, 96. irregularis (Cbloropbis), 96. irregularis (Coluber), 96. irregularis (Pbilotbam- nus), 96, 99. irregularis (Xenodon), 150. isolepis (Xenodon), 136. Isoscelis, 300. isozona (Contia), 266. istbmicus (Ati-actus), 307. itabca (Coronella), 192. ja'geri (Coronella), 170. ja^geri (Rbadinaea), 170. jani (Arizona), 66. jani (Prosymna), 249. jauii (Liopbis), 359. janseni (Coluber), 57, 3.57. jansenii (Gonjosoma), 57, 357. jaTanica(Calamaria),347. joberti (Enicognatbus), 174. juliaj (Aporophis), 1.39. juliffi (Dromicus), 139. julitB (Liopbis), 139. katowens's (Deudrophis), 80. kennerlyi (Heterodou), 15('). kirkii (Absetulla), 99. labuanensis (Simotes), 218. lacbrvmans (Dromicus), 174. lacbrvmans (Lygopbis), 174. lacbrymans (Rliadinica), 174. Iffitus (Coluber), 49. Isetus (Diadopbis), 208. Istus (Liopbis). 208. Itetus (Scotophis), 49. lajvicollis (Coluber;. 73. Irevis (Coluber), 191,286. Irevis (Coronella), 192, 194. Iffivis (Drymobius"). 11. Isevis (Her])etodrvas), 11. la;vis(Zacbolus),'l92. lagoensis(AbKtulla). 100. lagoensis(Pbilotbamnus), 100. Lampropeltis, 188. Laraprosoma, 255. lateralis (Calamaria), 342. lateralis (Macrocalamus), 327. lateristriga (Dromicus), 181. lateristriga (Liopbis), 181. lateristriga (Urotbeca), 181. latifasciata (Hypsiglena), 211. lati Irons (.\tractus), .303. latifrons (Geophis), 303. latil'rontalis (Atractus), 304. latifrontalis (Geopbis), 304. laureata (Rbadinaa), 179. laureatus (Dromicus), 179. lebaris (Coluber). 154. lecontii (Rbinocliilus), 212. Leionotus, 286. Leiosopbis, 144, ISO. leonis (Coronella), 199. leopardina (Coronella), 192. leopardina (Natrix), 41. leopardinus (Callopeltis), 41. leopardiniiB (Coluber), 41. leprosus (Coluber), 52. Leptooalamus, 249. Leptognatbiens. 353. Leptognatbus, 292, 294. Leptopbis, 9, 77, 87, 91, 102, 105, 2.55. leu('ocepbala(Calamaria), 344. leucogaster (Calamaria), 341. leucogaster (Liopbis), 163. leucogaster (Rbadinrea), 163. leucomelas (Alsopbis), 123. leucomelas (Dromicus), 123. leucostomus (Lepto- gnadius), 296. lichtensteinii (Coluber), 10. Ligonirostra, 246. lindbeiiueri (Coluber), 50. lindheimeri (Pantbero- pbis), 50. lindbeimeri (Scotophis), 50. lineata (Hapsidophrvs), 104. lineata (Toluca), 269. lineaticollis (Arizona), 61. lineaticollis (Coluber), 64. lineaticollis (Pituophis), 64. lineatum (Rabdosoma), 312. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 36'J lineatus (Aporophis), 158. lineatus (Coluber), 158. lineatvis (Conopsis), 268. lineatus (Dromicus), 141, 158, 170. lineatus (Geophis), 312. lineatus (Herpetodryas), 158. lineatus (Lygophis), 158. lineolata (Dendrophis), 80, 85. lineolatus (Dendropbis), 80, 85. lineolatus (Spbenocala- nuis), 326. linnici (Calamaria), 336, 345, 349. liocercus (Abcetulla), 111, 113. liocercus (Coluber), 113. liocercus (Dendropbis), 111,113. liocercus (Leptopbis), 111,113. Liopeltis, 255, 277. Liopliis, 118, 126, 160, 180. lippiens (Geophis), 188. lippieus (Sympbolis), 188. longicaiida (Ablabes), 284. longicaudata (Grayia), 288. longicaudatum (Eabdo- soma), 313. longicaudatus (Geagras), 250. longiceps (Atractus), 305. longiceps (Calamaria), 329. longiceps (Osycalamus), 329. longiceps (Pseudorbab- dium;, 329. longiceps fEhabdosoma), 305. longifrenatus (Philo- tbamnus), 96. longissima (Natrix), 52. longissimus (Callopeltis), 53. longissiruus (Coluber), 52, 357. loreata (Ebadinsea), 179. lovii (Calamaria), 350. lumbricoidea (Calama- ria), 333, 344. lunulata (Tropidodipsas), 21. lunulatus (Pbrynonax), 21. lunulatus (Spilotes), 21. lutrix (Coluber), 274. lutrix (Homalosoiua), 274, 275. Lystropbis, 151, macclellanii (Pituophis), 69. Macrocalamus, 327. Macropbis, 286. macropbthaltna (Herpe- todryas), 73. Macrops, 71. macrops (Dendropbis), 85. macrurus (Calamaria), 344. maculata (Pieimia), 268. maculata (Isoscelis), 306. maculata (Oxyrhina), 268. maculatum (Ebabdo- soma), 305, 306, 307, 308. macidatus (Anoplopbal- lus), 353. maculatus (Atractus), 306. maculatus (Coluber), 39. maculatus (Conopsis), 268. maculatus (Megalops), 353. maculivittis (Alsopbis), 11. maculivittis (Dromicus), 11. maculolineata (Calama- ria), 336. maculosa (Calamaria), 345. mffoticus (Coluber), 44. majalis (Leptopbis), 258. ma'ialis(Pbilopl)yllopbis), 258. major (Ablabes), 279. major (Atractus), 307. major (Cyclopbis), 279. maiabarieus (Cvnopbis), 36. maiabarieus (Herpeto- dryas). 36. mancas (Leptopbis), 88. mandarinus (Coluber), 42. nianiar (Dendropbis), 88. nianillensis (Elapbis), 62. margaritatum (Gonyo- soma), 71. niargaritatus (Gonvo- pbis), 71. margaritif'era (Calama- ria), 336. margaritiferus (Corvpbo- don), 196. margaritiferus (Dromi- cus), 17. margaritiferus (Drymo- bius), 17. margaritiferus (Herpeto- dryas), 17. luargaritiferua (Lepto- pbis), 17. margaritiferus (Tbamno- sopbis), 17. margaritopbora (Cala- maria), 33li. marginatus (Leptopbis), 11-2. marginatus (Tbrasops), 113. martapurensis (Calama- ria), 344. martii (Calopisma), 187- martii (Homalopsis), 187. martii (Hydrops), 187. medici (Dipsas), 355. megalolepis (Spilotes), 24. Megalops, 353. Meizodon. 188. melanauchen (Enico- guatbus), 175. melanaucbeu(Kbadinffia), 175. melanichnus (Alsopbis), 122. melanocepbala (Coro- nella), 246. melanoceplialum (Homa- losoma), 246. melanoeepbalus (Dromi- cus), 173. melanoeepbalus (Enico- gnatbus), 172, 174. melanoeepbalus (Oligo- don), 246. melanoeepbalus (Rbyn- cbocalamus), 246. melanoleucus (Coluber), 68. melauoleucus(Pituopbi8), 68. melanolomus (Mastico- pbis), 11. melanolomus (Zamenis), 12. mclanonotus (Liopbis), 134. uiclanorbyncbus (Cala- maria), 333. 2b 370 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. inelannstigma (Dendro- pliis;, [)9. nielanostigma (Dromi- cus), 142. luelanostigina (Liopliis), 142. luelanostigma (Natrix), 142. uielanota (Calamaria), 349. melanotropis (Coluber), 33. melanotropis (Dendro- phidium), 33. melanotropis (Elaphis), 33. nielanotuB (Coluber), 134. nielanotus (Dromicus), 134. nielanotus (Liopliis), 134. nielanurum (Compso- soma), 60, 62. nielanurus (Coluber), 60. molanurus (Elaphis), 60, 62. melanurus (Spilotes), 31, 35, 60, 62. melas (Herpetodryas), 76. moleagris (Calamaria), 249. meleagris (Oplieomor- pbus), 132. moleagris (Prosymna), 249. meleagris (Temnorbyn- cbus), 249. nieridionalis (Coluber), 194. meridionalis (Coronella), 194. merremii (Coluber), 168. merremii (Coronella), 131, 168. merremii (Liophis), 131, 138,168,169. merremii (Opbiomor- phus), 168, 169. merremii (Opbis), 150. merremii (Rhadinasa), 168. merremii (Xenodou), 150. luexieana (Abretulla),lU8. mexicana (Coronella), 201. mexicanus (Cerastes). 33. mexicanus (Hapsido- pbrys), 108. mexicanus (Leptophis), 108. mexicanus (Opbibolus), 201. mexicanus (Pituophis), 66, 69. mexicanus (Tbrasops"), 108. meyerinkii (Simotes), 224. michahelles (Xeuodon), 65. micropholis (Coronella), 203. micropholis (Lampro- peltis), 203. microrhynchum (Rbab- dosoma), 308. niiliaris (Coluber), 168. mimus (Opheomorphus), 164. mimus (Rbadinsea), 164. miolepis (Dromicus), 175. mite (Horaalosoma), 267. mitis (Cont!a),267. M-nigrum (Coluber), 131. modesta (Ahjetulla), 107. modesta (Calamaria), 340. modesta (Contia), 261. modesta (Coronella), 260. modestus (Ablabes), 260, 261, 262. modestus (Atractus), 304. modestus (Cyclophis), 261. modestus (Dendrelaphis), 91. modestus (Diadophis), 208. modestus (Homalosoma), 260. modestus (Leptophis), 107. modestus (Oligodon), 238. modestus (Philotham- nus), 107. moellendorfEi (Coluber), 56. moellendorffii(Cynopbis), .56. moesta (Geophis), 319. moestum (Rhabdosoma), 319. moestus (Geophis), 319. molossus (Coluber), 39. moniliger (Psammophis), 261. monocbrous (Calamaria), 340. monticola (Dipsas), 280. monticolus (Coluber), 229. mossambica (Dasypeltis), 355. multicinctum (Rabdo- soma), 308 multicinctus (Opbibolus), 197. multifaseiata (Coronella), 202. multifasciatus (Siaiotes), 222. multilineatus(Dromicus), 181. raultipunctata (Cala- maria), 345. multistratus (Opbibolus), 201. multistriata (Lampro- peltis), 201. murinus (Enulius), 250. mutabilis (Coluber), 37. mutabilis (Natrix), 37. mutabilis (Scotophis), 37. mutitorques (Geophis), 304. mutitorques (Rhabdo- soma), 304. nasale (Catostoma), 318. nasale(Rhabdosoma),318. nasalis (Cyclophis), 282. nasicus (Heterodon), 156. nasus (Conopsis), 268. nasus (Contia), 268. nasus (Ficimia), 268. natalensis (AhajtuUa), 94. natalensis (Chlorophis), 94. natalensis (Dendrophis), 94. natalensis (Philotbam- nus), 94. Natrix, 24, 25. nattereri (Heterodon), 152. nauii (Coluber), 45. nebulatus (Cerastes), 293. nebulatus (Coluber), 293. nebulatus (Dipsas), 293. nebulatus (Leptogna- thus), 293. nebulatus (Petalogna- Ihus), 293. nebulosus (Coluber), 192. nehulosus (Cyclophis), 278. neglecta (Aha>tulla), 94. neglectus (Chlorophis), 94. neglectus (Philotham- nus), 94. neovidii (Xenodon), 148. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 371 neuwiedii (Xenodon), 148. iiicaga (Rhadin.Ta), 174. nicagus (Lygophis), 174. nicobariensis (Ablabes), 285. niger (Hapsidophrys), niger (Heterodoii), 155. niger (Ophibolus), 197. niger (Scytale), 154. nigricaudus (AUophis), nigricaudus (Elaphis), 58. nigricollis (Coluber), 260. nigro-alba (Calamaria), 344. nigrofaseiatus (Psanimo- phis), 34. nigrofaseiatus (Philo- tbamnus), 99. uigromarginata (Ahaitid- la), 112. nigromarginatus (Lepto- pliis), 112. nitida (Abatulla), 100, 101. nitidus (Pbilothamnus), 100. notospilus (Oligodon), 239. noTje-hispanise (Coluber), 33. nuchalis (Herpetodryas), nuntius (Dromicus), 181. nutballi (Coluber), 47. uycteuurus (Elapbis), 04. obscurus (Simotes), 219. obsoleta (Georgia), 31. obsoletus (Coluber), 31, 50. obsoletus (Elapbis), 50. obsoletus (Scotophis), 50. obsoletus (Spilotcs), 31. obtusa (Coronella), 171. obtusa (Rbadiiiaa), 171. occidentalis (Aba;tulla), 111. occidentalis (Drymobius), occidentaUs (LeptopLis), occidentalis (Tbrasops), 111. oecipitale (Lainprosoma), 266. oecipitale (Rbinostoma), 266. occipitalis (Ablabes), 206. occipitalis (Calamaria), 342. occipitalis (Cbionactis), 266. occipitalis (Contia), 266. occipitalis (Diadopbis), 206. occipitalis (Enicogna- tbus), 175. occipitalis (Herpetodry- as), 30. occipitalis (Ophibolus), 203. occipitalis (Rbadiniea), 175. occipito-album (Ebabdo- soma), 310. occipilo-albus (Atractus), 310. ocellatus (Xenodon), 150. ocbrorbynchus (Hypsi- glena), 209. octolineata (Coronella), 224. octolineata (Dendrophis), 89. octolineatus (Coluber), 224. octolineatus (Elaps), 224. octolineatus (Simotes), 224. Ocyophis, 118. oklhami (ChloropLis), 93. oldbami (Cyclopbis), 93. Oligodon, 233. oligodon (Calamaria), 237. oligozona (Coronella), 203. olivacea (Abaetula), 82. olivacea (Dendrophis), 82. olivacea (Ficimia), 270, 271. omiltemana (Geophis), 299. omiltenianum (Dirose- ma), 299. omiltemanus (Dromicus), 178. Ophibolus, 188. Opbiomorus, 160. Opbis, 144. orientalis (Coronella), 167. oruat.a (Fioiniia), 271. oruata (Hypsigleuu), 211. ornata (Liophia), 138. ornatus (Cbloropbis), 93. oruatus (Coluber), 139. ornatus (Comastes), 211. ornatus (Dromicus), 139. ornatus (Liophis), 139. ornatus (Macropbis),287. ornatus (Pbilothamnus), 93. Orophis, 118. ortonii (Leptophis), 114. Osceola, 188. ovivorus (Coluber), 291. oweuii (Ablabes), 282. 0.\ycalamus, 328. oxyeepbalum (Gonyoso- ma), 57. oxvcephalum (Pseudo- rhabdium), 329. oxvcephalum (Rhabdo- soma), 329. osycephalus (Coluber), 56, 357. osycephalus (Herpeto- dryas), 57. osycephalus (Oxycala- mus), 329. Oxyrhina, 255. osyrhyneha (Ahatulla), 117. 0S3rhyncha (Leptophis), 117. osyrhvnehus (Uromacer), 117. pachyura (Contia), 267. pallidus (Diadopbis), 206. palniarum (Coluber), 354. palmarum (Dasypeltis), 355. pannonicus (Coluber), 52. pantherinus (Coluber), 10, 40. pantherinus (Corypho- don), 10. pantherinus (Drymobius), 10. pantherinus (Ptyas), 10. Pantherophis, 25. papuce (Dendrophis), 86. Parageophis, 314. parallelus (Ophibolus), 200. pardalinus (Elaphis), 39. parreysii (Elaphis), 46. parvilrons (Dromicus), 141. parvif'rons (Liophis), 141 . 2b2 372 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. pa vimeiitatca (Calamaria), 3-18. peroarinatus (Drymo- bius), 1(5. perluscus (Dromicus), 133. perfuscus (Liophis), 133. persica (Contia), 263. persicus (Cyclopliis), 2G3. persicus (Pseudocyclo- phis), 2(i3. persimilis (Liophis), 173. peruvianum (Eabdoso- ma), 305. peruvianus (Atractus), 305. Petalognatbus, 292. petersii (Geophis), 321. pbajiiochalinus (Simotes), 224. philippii (Leptognatbus), 295. philippii (Tropidodipsas), 295. pbilippinensis (Dendro- phis), 90. j)bilippinica (Calamaria), 338. Pbilotliamnus, 91, 98. Pliryuonax, 18. Pbyllophilophis, 255. Pbyllopliis, 25. pbyllopbis (Coluber), 55. Pbyllosira, 71. piceus (Spilotes), 30. pickeringii (Coluber), 75. picta (AbiEtulla), 78. picta (Dendropbis), 78, 80, 89, 90. pictus (Coluber), 46, 78. pictus (Dendropbis), 78, 88, 368. pictus (Leptopbis), 78, 88. Pituophis, 24. Plagiodon, 25. planiceps (Simotes), 232. plalyrhinus (Heterodon), 154, 156. pleii (Dromicus), 11, 142. pleii (Drymobius), 12. pleurostictus (Elapbis), 66. pleurostictus (Pituophis), 67. plicatile(Calopisma), 186. plicatilis (Cerastes), 186. pliaitilis (Coluber), 186. plicatilis (Dimades), 186. plicatilis (Elaps), 186. plicatilis (Ilomalopsis), 186, 290. Pliocercus, 180. plumbiceps (Coronella), 195. plutonius (Coluber), 23. poecilocepbalus (Coluber), 46. poecilogyrus (Coluber), 131. poecilogyrus (Liophis), 131. pcecilolsemus (Coronella), 168. pcecilonotus(Pbryuonax), 20. poecilonotus (Spilotes), 20, 21. pcecilopogon (Coronella), 173. pcecilopogon (Ebadinrea), 173. poecilostoma (Coluber), 19. pcecilostoma (Spilotes), 19. poeppigii (Geophis), 316. poeppigii (Eabdosoma), 316. poitei (Herpetodryas), 15. pulychroa (Dendropbis), 78. polybemizona (Ablabes), 8. polylepis (AhffituUa), 21. polyzona (Coronella), 203. polyzona (Lampropeltis), 203. polyzonus (Opbibolus), 203. ponticus (Coluber), 192. porphyraceus (Ablabes), 34. porphyraceus (Coluber), 34. portoricensis (Alsophis), 122. pi'£estans(Leptoj)hi8),lll. prsestans(Tbrasops>, 111. prakkii (Calaniaria), 337. prasina (Liophis), 135. prasinus (Coluber), 59. proboscideus (Ehinaspis), 253. propinquus (Oligodon), 240. Prosymna, 246. protenus (Dromicus), 141. Psammopbis, 118. psephota (Geophis), 299. psepbotiim (Catostoina), 299. psephotum (Dirosema), 299. psephotus (Elapoidis), 299. Pseudocyclopliis, 255. Pseudodipsas, 208. Pseudoeryx, 185, 289. Pseud oflcimia, 255. pseudogetulus (Coro- nella), 197. Pseudorbabdium, 328. Psilosoma, 255. publia (Ficimia), 271. pulchella (Coronella), 165. pulchellus (Diadophis), 207. pulcber (Alsophis), 11. pulcher (Heterodon), 153. pulcber (Liophis), 165. pulcbra (Pseudoficimia), 270. pulcbi'iceps (Mastico- phis), 11. pullata (Tyria), 23. pullatus (Coluber), 23, 33. puUatus (Spilotes), 23. punctata (Calamaria), 206. punctata (Coronella),206. punctatolineata (Cyclo- phis), 261. punctatovittatum (Eab- dosoma), 312. punctatus (Ablabes), 206. punctatus (Coluber), 206. punctatus (Diadophis), 206, 207, 208. punctatus (Leptophis),99. punctatus (Philotham- nus), 99. punctulata (Dendropbis), 82. punctulatus (Coro- nella), 220. punctulatus (Dendro- pbis), 80, 82, 85. punctulatus (Leptopbis), 82. punctulatus (Simotes), 220. purpurans (.Ablabes), 167. purpurans (Diadophis), 167. purpurans (Liophis), 168. purpurans (Ehadinaea), 1(.7. purpurascens (Simotesi, 218, 220, 225. 226. purpui-ascens (Xenodon), 218, 220. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 373 purpureocauda (Ablabes), ■2r>7. pustiilat.us (Thrasops), 105. putnamii (Liophis), 139. pygiiifBus (Liophis), 129. pjromelanus(OpliiboIus), 202. pyrrliomelas (Ophibo- liis), 202. pjri-hopogoii (Coluber), 73. quadrangularis (Fici mia) , 272. qiiadrangularis(Geophis), 320. quadricarinatus (Erpeto- dryas), 72. quadril'asciatu3(CoIuber), 61. qiiadriIineata(Coronel]a), 41. qiiadrilineata (Eirenis), 260. quadrilineata (Liopliis), 130. quadriliueatus (Ablabes), 41. quadrilineatus (Callopel- tis), 41. quadrilineatus (Coluber), 41, 4.5. quadrilineatus (Elaphis), 46. quadrilineatus (Simotes), 227. quadrimaculata (Cala- inaria), 348, 349. quadristriatus (Coluber), 45. quadrivirgatu.ii (Adel- phicos), 312. quadrivirgatuiu (Compso- soma), 59. quadrivirgatus(Atractua), 312. quadrivirgatus (Coluber), 59. quadrivirgatus (Elaphis), 59. quadrivittatus (Coluber), 50. quadrivittatus (Elaphis), 50. quaterradiatus (Coluber), 45. quaterradiatus (Elaphis), 46. quatuorlineatus (Colu- ber), 45, 53. quincunciatus(Comaste3), 210. quinque (Tropidonotus), 61. quinquelineata (Coro- nella), 178. quinquelineata (Rhadi- nrea), 178. quinqueHneatus(Herpeto- dryas), 11. quinque3triatus( Ablabes) , 284. Eabdion, 328. rabdoeephalus (Coluber), 14(5, 150. Rabdosoma, 300, 314. Rachiodon, 3.53. Rachiodontidre, 353. radiatum (Compsosoma), 61. radiatus (Coluber), 61. radiatus (Elaphis), 62. radiatus (Spilotes), 62. raffreyi (Scaphiophis), 254. raninus (Coluber), 134. rappii (Ablabes), 282. rappii (Drymobius), 11. rappii (Herpetodryas), 11. rebentischii (Calamaria), 343. redimita (Colorhogia), 252. redimita (Geophis), 326. redimitum (Arrhy(on), 252. redimitus (Cryptodaeus), 252. redimitus (Geagras), 326. regalis (Coronella), 208. regali.s (Diadophis), 20S. regalis (Liophis). 208. reginte (Coluber), 137. reginai (Coronella), 138. reginffl (Liophis), 130, 132, 137, 142, 175. regularis (Coronella),196. regularis(Meizodon), 196. i-einwardti (Calopisma), 291. rein ward tii(Homalopsis), 291. reinwardtii (Hydrops), reissii (Drymobius), 11. reissii (Herpetodryas), 11. reticulare (Compsosouia), 3.5. reticularis (Coluber), 31, reticularis (Spilotes), 35. reticulata (Calamaria), 345. reticulata(Horpetodryas), reticulatus (Atractus), 311. reticulatus(Coluber),260. reticulatus (Elaphis), 67. reticulatus (Ueoohis), 311. reticulatus(Pituophis),68. rhabdocephalus (Xeno- don). 14(5, 148, 150. Rhabdophidium, 328. Rhachiodontin.T;, 353. Rhadinaa, 160. Rhegnops, .300. Rhinaspis, 2.53. Rhinechis, 24. Rhinochilus, 212. rhinomegas (Coluber), 40. Rhiuostoma, 246, 253. rhinostoma (Heterodon), 2.53. rhinostoma (Simophis), 253. rhodogaster (Colophrys), 317. rhodogaster (Geophis), 317. rhorabifer (Coryphodon), 14. rhombifer (Drymobius), 14, 3.57. rhombifer (Spilotes), 14. rhoTubifer (Zamenis), 14. rhombomaculata (Coro- nella), 198. rhombomaculata (Lam- propeltis), 199. rhouibomaculatus (Ophi- bolus), 198. Rhynchocalamus, 233. rii'cioli (Coluber), 194. riccioli (Coronella). 194. riccioli (Zamenis), 194. richardi (Ahietula), 113. richardii (Coluber), 113. rijersma;i ( Alsophis), 124. rodriguezii (Elaphis), 39. I'oelaudti (Calamaria), 344. rohdii (Rhinaspis), 2.54. rohdii (Simophis), 254. romanus (Coluber), 52. rosaceus (Coluber), 49. rostrale (Rhabdosoma), 323. rostralis (Elapoides),323. rostralis (Geophis), 323. 374 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. rotbi (Ablabes), 2fi2. rothi (Oontia), 262. rothi (Eirenis), 262. rubens (Coluber), 194. rubescens (Diadopbis), 120. rubinianum(Eabdosoma), 308. rubriceps (Elapbis), 40. rubriventris (Coluber), 42. ruflventris (Alsophis), 124. rufiventris (Dromicus), 124. rufodorsatus (Ablabes), 43. rufodorsatus (Coluber), 43. rufodorsatus (Tropido- iiofcus), 43. rufus (Liopbis), 129. russelii (Coronella), 229. russelius (Coluber), 229. russellii (Simotes), 229. rutilus (Lygopbis), 165. sagittifer (Cblorosoma), 165. sagittifer (Liopeltis), 165. sagittifera (Rbadinaa), 165. salltei (Geophis), 318. salomonis (Dendrophis), 80. _ salvinii (Spilotes), 33. 8anctiE-crucis(Dromicus), 122. sancticrucis (Alsopbis), 122. sansibaricus (Pbilo- tbamnus), 99. sarasinoruui (Agropbis). 360. sargii (Adelphicus), 313. sargii (Ahretulla), 111. sargii (Leptophis), 111. sargii (Pliocereus), 183. sargii (Rbegnops), 313. sargii (Tbrasops), 111. sartorii (Leptognatbus), 296. Bartorii (Tropidodipsas), 296. saturatus(Hapsidopbrys), 110. saturatus (Leptopbis), 110. saturninus (Coluber), 75. saturocepbalus (Coluber), 149. sauromates (Coluber), 45, 52. sauromates (Elaphis), 46, 55. sauromates (Tropido- notus), 46. sayi (Coluber\ 68. sayi (Coronella), 197. sayi (Lampropeltis), 197. sayi (Opbibolus), 197. sayi (Pituopbis), 69. scaber (Coluber), 354. scaber (Dasypeltis), 354. scaber (Deirodon), 3.^4. scaber (Eachiodon), 354. scaber (Tropidonotus), 354. scabra (Dasypeltis), 354. scalaris (Coluber), 65. scalaris (Hypsirbyncbus), 117. scalaris (Ehinecbis), 65. Soapbiopbis, 254. scblegeli (Leionotus), 286. Bcblegelii (Ablabes), 282. scblegelii (Calamaria), 333, 345. scblegelii (Rbinostoma), 253. scbokari (Dipsas), 78, 88. scbranckii (Elaps), 184. scbrenckii (Coluber), 48. scbrenckii (Elapbis;, 48. selateri (Leptocalauius), 251. scopolii (Coluber), 52. Sootopbis, 25. soriptus (Ablabes), 284. scurrula (Herpetodryas), scurrula (Natris), 75. sebastus (Herpetodryas), 75. sellatus (Coluber), 40. sellmanui (Coluber), 52. seiiiianulata (Contia), 268. semiaiinulata (Souora), 268. semiaureus (Ophiomor- pbus), 169. semicarinatus (Ablabes), 278. semicarinatus (Eury- pbolis), 278. semicinctus (Heterodon), 153. semicinctus (Lystropbis), l.'i3. semidoliatura (Cato- stoma), 316. semidoliatum (Rabdo- soma), 316. semidolidtus (Elapoides), 316. semidoliatus (Geopbis), 316. semifasciatus (Simotes), 222. semilineata (Natrix), 1 38. semiraaculata (Ablabes), 261. seraiornata (Coronella), 195, 359. semivariegata (Ab£etulla), 99. semivariegata (Dendro- pbis), 99. semivariegatus (Pbilo- tbamnvis), 99. septentrionalis (Cala- maria), 349. seriatus (Coluber), 290. serpentinus (Coluber), 166. serperastra (Ablabes), 172. serperastra (Rbadinaea), 172. severus (Cerastes), 149. severus (Coluber), 149. severus (Xenodon), 146, 148, 149, 150. sescariuata (Natrix), 72. sexearinatuB (Herpeto- dryas), 72. sexlineata (Ooronella),43. sexlineatus (Ablabes), 43. sexscutatus (Lepto- gnatbus), 296. sbirana (Absetulla), 06. sbiranum (Homalosoma), 276. siamensis (Calamaria), 348 sibon (Coluber), 293. sibonius (Alsopbis"), 123. sieboldi (Elapoides), 318. sieboldii (Ninia), 318. signatus (Simotes), 226. siluropbaga (Grayia),286. Simopbis, 253. Simotes, 213, 214. simus (Coluber), 156. sinius (Heterodon), 156. sinkawangensis (Cala- maria), 343. smaragdina (AJisetulla), 103. smaragdina (Dendro- pbis), 103. smaragdina (Gastro- pyxis), 103. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 375 smaragdina (Hapsido- phrys), 103. sraaragdinus(Leptoplns), 103. smithii (Pliilothaninus), 9U. smythii (Coluber), 2SC,. sinythii (Grayia), 286. Sonora, 255. Sphonocalainus, 326. spiloides (Coluber), 50. spiloides (Elaphis), 50. spilonotus (Oligodon), 243. Spilotes, 18, 23, 25. spixii (Coluber), 75- splendens (Liophis), 182. splendida(LauipropeIti.s), 197. splendidus (Opbibolu.s), 197. splendidus (Simotes), 217. stahlknechtii (Calamaria), 335. Stasiotes, 213. stictogenys (Diadophis), 207. Stilosoina, 325. Btoliczkie ( Ablabes), 281 . stramiaea (Carphophis), 273. stramineus (Cbilomen- jscus), 273. striolatus (Dendrophis), 85. stuhlraanni (Ligoni- rostra), 248. subannulatus (Lepto- gnatbus), 294. subannulatus (Tropido- dipsas), 295. subcarinatus (Dendro- phis), 91. subcarinatus (Simotes), 226. subfasciatus (Liophisl, 132. subfasciatus (Raehiodon), 355. subgriseus (Oligodon), 243. sublineatus(Liopbis),132. sublineatus (Oligodon), 242. sublutescens (Coryjjho- dou), 8. subocularis (Dendrela- pbis), 89. subooularis(Dendropbis), 89. subquadratus (Oligodon), 237. subradiatum (Compso- soma), 64. subradiatus (Coluber), 64. subradiatus (Elaphis), ()2, (;4. subradiatus (Tropido- notus), 15. sulphurea (Natrix), 19. sulpbureus (Phrynonas), 19. sumatrana (Calamaria), 333, 339. suniichrasti (Geagras), 250. sumichrasti (Leptocal- amus), 250. sundevalli (Temnorhyn- chus), 247. sundevallii (Prosymna), 247. suspectus (Xenodon),147. swinhonis (Simotes), 222. Sympholis, 188. Synclialinus, 70. sy spylus (Ophibolus),201 . tfeniata (Rhadinrea), 178. t8eniatum(Arrhyton),252. tfeniatus (Dromicus), 178. taiuiatus (Simotes), 227. ticniogaster (Liophis), 166. tainiolata (Coronella), 174. taeniolata (Rhadinjea), 174. toeniolatus (Enicogna- tlms), 174. Treniophis, 118. tseniurus (Aporopbis), 130. ta?niuru8 (Coluber), 47. treniurus (Elaphis), 47. ta;niurus (Liophis), 130, 138. ta;niurus (Oligodon), 360. tantillus (Taeuiophis), 1 19. taylori (Contia), 265. temminckii (Calamaria), 333. temrainckii (Dromicus), 119. temuiinckii (Liophis), 119. temminckii (Psammo- phis}, 119. Temnorhyni-luis, 246. templelouii (Oligodon), 241, 359. temporalis (Dromicus), 143. temporalis (Liophis), 143. temporalis (Ophibolus), 200. terriflcus (Dendrelaphis), 90. terriflcus (Dendrophis), 90. tessellatus (Ablabes), 11. tessellatus (Rhinochilus), 213. tetragimus (Coluber), 274. tetratsenia (Herpeto- dryas), 15. texana (Ilypsigleua), 209. texensis (Diadophis), 207. Thamncsophis, 9. theobaldi (Simotes), 230. thomensis (Philotham- nus), 101. thominoti (Rhinochilus), 213. thraso (Coluber), 155. Thrasops, 104, 105. tigrina (Coronella), 199. tigrinus (Heterodim), 155. Toluca, 255. torquata (Contia), 266. torquata (Hypsiglena), 209, 210, 3.59. torquata (Leptodira), 210. torquatum (Pseudorab- dion), 329. torquatum (Rabdion), 329. torquatum (Rabdosoma), 309. torquatus (Atractus), 309. torquatus (Coluber), 206. torquatus (Leptocala- mus), 250. torquatus (Simotes), 232. trabalis (Coluber), 44. travancoricus (Oligodon), 236. triangula (Lampropel- tis), 200. triangularis (Coronella), 286. triangularis (Elaps), 187. triangularis (Grayia), 287. 376 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. triangularis (Heterono- tus), 286. triangularis (Hydrops), 187, 359. trianguliim (Ablabos), 198, 200. triangulum (Coluber), 200. triangulum (Coronella), 200. triangulus (Ophibolus), 199, 200, 201. triaspis (Coluber), 37. triaspis (Natrix), 37. tricinctus (Liophis), 183. tricolor (Ablabes), 281. tricolor (Cylophis), 281. tricolor (Herpetodrvas), 281. tricolor (Liopeltis), 281. trilineatus (Atraotus), 312. trilineatus (Oligodon), 238. trilineatus (Simotes), 238. Trimetopon, 184. trinotatus (Simotes), 218. Tripeltis, 233. triscalis (Coluber), 129. triscalis (Dromicus), 129. triscalis (Liophis), 129. tristis (Coluber), 88. tristis (Dendrelaphis), 88, 3.58. trivirgatum (Rhabdo- soma), 312. Tropidoclonium, 294. Tropidodipsas, 294. Tropidogeophis, 294. Tropidonotus, 9, 3.53. Typhlocalamus, 330. Tvphlogeophis, 351. typhlus (Coluber), 13fi. ^ typhlus (Liophis), 135, 136. typhlus (Opheomorphus), 136. typhlus (Xenodon), 136. typus (Anodon), 354. Tyria, 23, 24. undulata (Rhadinxa), 174. undulatus (Coluber), 174. undulatus (Dromicus), 174. unicolor (Dromicus), 120. unicolor (Geophis), 250. unicolor (Leptocalamus), 250. unicolor (Rachiodon), 355. univittatum (Rabdo- soma), 305. Uromacer, 115. urosticta (Ahtetulla), 115. urostictus (Leptophis), 11.5. Urotheca, 180. vaillanti (Simotes), 228. valeriffi (Virginia), 289. variabilis (Calamaria), 333. variabilis (Coluber), 23. variabilis (Spilotes), 23, 33. varians (Conopsis), 268. varians (Oxyrhina), 208. variegata (Ficimia), 271. variegatum (Amblymeto- pon), 271. variegatum (Homalo- soma), 276. varium (Rabdosoma), 309. veliferum (Amastri- dium), 352. venustus (Oligodon), 235. venustus (Simotes), 2.35. verecundus (Liophis), 134. vermiculaticeps (Coro- nella), 177. vermiculaticeps (Rha- dinaja), 177. vermiculaticeps (Ta;nio- phis), 177. vermiformis (Calamaria), 333. vermiformis (Carpho- phiops), 324. vermis (Oeluta), 324. vermis (Carphophiops), 325. vernalis (Chlorosoma), 258. vernalis (Coluber), 258. vernalis (Contia), 258. vernalis (Cyclophis), 258. vernalis (Herpetodryas), 258.^ vernalis (Liopeltis), 259. versicolor (Calamaria), 345. versicolor (Coluber), 149, 191. vertebralis (Coluber), 67. vertebralis (Oligodon), 245. vertebralis (Pituophis), 66, 67, 68. vertebralis (Simotes), 245. villarsii (Cheilorhina), 188. vincenti (Herpetodryas), 73. violacea (Coronella), 222. violacpus (Coluber), 137. violaceus (Simotes), 222. viperinus (Dromicus), 174. virgatus (Coluber), 54. virgatus (Elaphis), 47, 54. Virginia, 288. virgulata (Calamaria), 338, 340. viride (Gronyosoma), 57. viridicyanea (Liophis), 132. viridis (Dendrophis), 75. viridis (Liophis), 135. viridis (Opheomorphus), 13.5. visoninus (Adelphicus), 313. visoninus (Rhegnops), 313. vittata (Rhadinsea), 178. vittatum (Arrhyton), 252. vittatus (Atractus), 304. vittatus (Coluber), 134. vittatus (Cryptodacus), 252. vittatus (Enicognathus), 176, 178. vittatus (Liophis), 134. vudii (Alsophis), 120. vulneratus (Coluber), 59. vulpinus (Coluber), 49. vulpinns (Elaphis), 49. vulpinus (Scotophis), 49. waandersii (Oligodon), 245. waandersii (Rabdion), 245. wagleri (Liophis), 134. ■walteri (Contia), 263. walteri (Pseudocyclo- phis), 263. whymperi (Coronella), 174. wilkesii (Pituophis), 67. woodmasoni (Simotes), 223. wuchereri (Dromicus), 175. ' wuchereri (Lygophis), 175. xanthogiister (Coluber') 46. ' xanthurus (Spilotes), 31. Xenelaphis, 7. Xenodon, 24, 120 144 151,180,214. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Xenuropbis, 288. Y (Pseudoeliips). 200. y-gra;cum (Liopbis), Ifio. y-gr;vcum (Lygopbis), 135. yuunaneusis (Elaphis), 47. Zacholus, 1S8. Zainenis, 24. 377 zebrina (Geopbis), 308. zebriuum (Rabdosoma), 306, 307. zebrinus (Rhegnops), 308. zonata (Coronella), 202. zonatus (Bellopbis), 202. zonatus (Coluber), 202. zonatus (Opbibolus), 203. zonatus (Zacholus), 202. LIST OF PLATES. PlATE I. Fig. 1. Phrynonax eutropis, Blgr., p. 22. 2. Coluber janseni, Blkr., p. 57. Upper and side views of head and neck. Plate II. Spilotes megalolepis, Gthr., p. 24. Upper, lower, and side views of head and neck. Plate III. Fig. 1. Coluber frenatus, Gray, p. 58. 2. Leptoj)his occidentalis, Gthr., p. 111. 3. nir/romarginatus, Gthr., p. 112. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. Plate IV. Fig. 1. DendropJds bifrenalis, Blgr., p. 80. Upper view of head and neck. 1 a. . Side view of head. 1 b. . Side view of middle of body. 2. grandocuUs, Blgr., p. 84. Upper view of head and neck. 2 a. . Side view of head. I,IST OF PLATES. 379 Fij?. 3. Dendfophis gastrostictus, Blgr., p. 86. Upper view of head and neck. 3 a. . Side view of head. 3 b. . Lower view of middle of body. 4. Bench-elapUs modestus, Blgr., p. 91. Upper view of head and neck. 4 a. . Side view of head. Plate V. Fig. 1. ChJorojjJiis emmi, Gthr., p. 92. 2. hophgaster, Gthr., p. 93. 3. heterolepidotus, Gthr., p. 95. 4. PhiUtliamnus nitidus, Gthr., p. 100. Upper, lower, and side views of head and neck. Plate VI. Fig. 1. Hypxirlignclius ferox, Gthr., p. 117. 2. Liophis fraseri, Blgr., p. 131. 3. caUilcemus, Gosse, p. 142. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. Plate YII. Fig. 1. Xenodon giieniheri, Blgr., p. 147. 2. Aporophis coraUiventris, Blgr., p. 159. 3. Ehadinaa jccgeri, Gthr., p. 170. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Plate VIII. Fig. 1. Ili/psiglena afflais, Blgr., p. 210. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 1 a. -. Side view of head and anterior part of body. 2. iSimotes fonaosanus, Gthr., p. 222. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 2 a. . Side view of head and anterior part of body. 380 LIST OF PLATES. Fig. 3. Siniotes annulifer, Blgr., p. 226. Upper view of head and anterioi' part of body. 3 a. . Side view of head and anterior part of bod}-. 3 b. . Enlarged upper view of head. Plate IX. Fig. 1. Shnotes cJiinensis, Gthr., p. 228. 2. heddomii, Blgr., p. 229. 3. tlu'obaldi, Gthr., p. 230. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. Plate X. Fig. 1. Simofes crueniahis, Gthr., p. 231. 2. Oliffodon travcmconnis, Bedd., p. 236. 3. modesfus, Gthr., p. 238. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Plate XI. Fig. 1. ORfjodon everetti, Blgr., p. 239. 2. vertcbralis, Gthr., p. 245. 3. waandersii, Blkr., p. 245. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. Plate XII. Fig. 1. Leptocalamus sdateri, Blgr., p. 251. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. 2. Arrhyton tcmiaiiini, Gthr., p. 252. Enlarged upper, lower, and side views of head. 3. Contia tai/lori, Blgr., p. 265. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. LIST OF PLATES. 381 Plate XIII. Fig. 1. Hoijialosonia shiranum, Blgr., p. 276. Upper view of hetid and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. '^- ahyssinicum, Blgr., p. 276. Upper view of head and anterior part ot body, and enlarged upper and side views of head. 3. Grayia smythii. Loach, p. 286. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Plate XIV. Fig. 1. Trojndodipsas annuUfera, Blgr., p. 297. 2. Dirosema hicolor, Gthr., p. 298, 3. Atradus mandates, Gthr., p. 306. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Plate XY. Fig. 1. Atractm wodcshis, Blgr., p. 304. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, 2. vittatus, Blgr., p. 304. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. retiadatus, Blgr., p. 311. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Plate XVI. Fig. 1. Geophis sallai, Blgr., p. 318, x3, 2. j^fJemi, Blgr., p. 321. x3. 3. fArt?n/n'o/n", Blgr., p. 321. x3, 4. r/odmani, Blgr., p. 322. x 2|. Upper, lower, and side views of head. 382 list of plates. Plate XYII. Fig. 1. Calamaria haluensis, Bigr., p. 335. 2. — — margaritifera. Bikr., p. 336. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body, and lower view of tail. Plate XVIII. Fig. 1. Calamaria everetti, Blgr., p. 340. 2. , young. 3. rehentiscMi, Blkr., p. 343. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged side views of head. Plate XIX. Fig. 1. Calamaria borneensis, Blkr., p. 347. 2. javanica, Blgr., p. 347. 3. hrevis, Blgr., p. 348, 4. lovii, Blgr., p. 350. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged upper and side views of head, Plate XX. Fig. 1. Calamaria septentrionalis, Blgr., p. 349. 2. TypJilogeophis hrevis, Gthr., p. 351. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body, lower and side views of tail, and enlarged upper view of head. rRIJ.TED BY TAYLOR AMD lliANC'IS, RED LION COURT, FLIET STREET. J-I.l. ^^s^.^ Mir.terr. &. J. &.de". et. litK. _'. (flu /hi- flHI,ifll Mirxem. Bros . itnp . BRIT. MUS.N.H. pi.ir. R Mintem &J G delet litK Sfiilf'te.^ iiif(/ti/f>7/u.^ imiicniiittfinalfi.-'. cerr.. oj-cs . -.-rr^p . BR.it. MUS.N.H. FJ . IV. 'kS://"- -i. : -J J -T-fi' -v^ Ih ^^:ms w mm RMinten\ &J S del el lilK. Mintexn Bros imp I./Jcrif7ri'/>/it.'> In rtctiittti.<, i' l)rinliv[>lii.b' ip-aiiclr'm.li.v. .i.l)en;-;':.*y R.MiTU.ern. & J, & del etJitr.. lAintern. Bros . imp BRIl.MUS.M.H, PI . m. 2. % Rltmtei.ia&J.e.dt].et litK, Mir-.ternBros. imp ^1^k0' BPJT.MU5.N.H. PL . I'M. .3fl^ la. ■^ R Mmtern &J G.del.et lith. Mir.terr, Br-os imp. l.Hypsiylriiii iii/iiit.<. - ■'^iiiii'/<:-- {(irrm>ftini.>-. 5. Sjnn'f>:> iiinmhfcf. BRIT.MUS-N H. n.TX. R Mintem & .), G.del et Kth IJlruem Bros , imp 1 SiiufUw cliiiK-n.fi.--. 2 . SifnotcK" liithloiini . .!.Si//i4'/f:< f/tet'lift/ell ■ BRIT. MUS.N.H. PI.X. I«*^ JiMintem.fi(,J CrdeletlvtK. Mii-Ltem. Bros. imp. I . Stnictcs 4TXj,iifiifii.'- . 1'. Ohtfi-drii (nnaiirvr-icus. BR[T MtJ^'^.M.tV. p:.jr. 1. Cfi.jr.l.'i, ,-1 «■;.■///. 3.('lHf,;l,;, ' i'li97. K. .t S. A 'Z LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Hand-List of Seals, Morses, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears in the British Musenm. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. 43. 30 Plates of Skulls. 1874, 8vo. 12*. M. Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866, Svo. 8*. Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, Svo. 2s. M. List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D., F.E..S., &c. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] Pp. iv., 36. 1885, 8vo. \s. Qd. Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia {Pecora, Linnaeus) in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, Svo. 'is. 6d. Hand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. vii., 176. 42 Plates of Skulls, &c. 1873, Svo. 12s. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4 coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1888, Svo. 1/. 8s. BIRDS. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : — Vol. III. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Colio- morphce, containing the families Corvidse, Paradiseidae, Oriolidse, Dicruridae, and Prionopidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. xiii., 343. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1877, Svo. 17s. Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morphcB : Part I., containing the families Campophagidae and Muscicapidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 494. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, Svo. 1/. Vol. V. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Bu'ds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morpJuB : Part II., containing the family Turdidae (Warblers and Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Pp. xvi., 426. Woodcuts and IS coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, Svo. 1/. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3 Cataloo^ue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued. Vol. VI. C'iitiilogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the Briti.sh Museum. C'ichlo- 7norph(e : Part III., containing the first portion of the family Tinieliidae (Babbling Thrushes). By 11. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 420. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systenuitic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, 8vo. 1/. Vol. VII. Cattilogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Ciclilu- morphce : Part IV., containing the concluding portion of the family Timeliida^ (Babl)ling Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and lo coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 1/. 6s. Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morphcB : Part V., containing the families Paridae and Laniidse (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorphce (Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and 0 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 175. Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. CinnyrimorpJue, containing the families Nectariniidje and Meliphagidae (Sun Birds and Honey -eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1884, 8vo. 14*. Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. FrinrjiUi formes : Part I., containing the families Dicaeidae, Hirundinidae, Ampelidae, Mniotiltidae, and Motacillidce. By E. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., G82. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885. Svo. 1/. 2s. Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Pa.sseriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fr in gilli formes : Part II., containing the families Cocrebidie, Tauagridse, and Icteridae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] Woodcutsand 18 coloured Plates. 1886, 8vo.l/. Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilli- formes : Part III., containing the family Fringillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 8s. Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni- A 2 4 LIS!' OF PUBLICATKJN.S OF 'I'llE Catalogue of the Binls in the British Museum — continued. formes, containing the families Artaniidse, Sturnidse, Ploceid.ie, and Alaudidae. Also the families Atrichiidae and Menm'idae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 1/. 8*. Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo- myodce, or the families TyrannidiP, Oxyrhaniphidse, Pipridfe, Cotingida*, Phytotomidse, Philepittidpe, Pittidae, Xenicidse, and Eurylsemidce. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp.xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 4.9. Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Bird.s, in the Collection of the British Museum. Tracheo- phonfT, or the families Dendrocolaptidap, Formicariidfe, Conopophagidfe, and Ptcroptochida;. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured Plates. [With Sy.stematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picaritc in the Collection of the British Museum. Ujmpa; and ^T roc hilt, hy Osbert Salvin. Coracia, of the families Cypselidje, Caprimul- gidifc, Podargidaj, and Steatoruitliidte, by Ernst Hartert Pp. xvi. 703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. U. \6s. Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picaria^ in the Collection of the British Museum. Coracice (contin.) and Halcyones, with the families Leptosomatidse, Coraciidse, Meropidte, Alcedinidffi, Momotida^, Totidaj, and Coliidse, by K. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by VV. E. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 1/. lO.y. Vol. XVIII. Catalogiie of the Picarife in the Collection of the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family Picidse. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., .597. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1890, Svo. 1/. 6.?. Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of the British Mu.seum. Scansores ixnd Coccyges : containing the families Rham})ha.stidiP, Calbulidse, and Bucconidae, by P. L. 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Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisb.-enians in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.. &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index".] 1844, 12mo., U. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, P.R.S., &c. : — Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). Pp. 79. 50 i)lates. 1855, 4to. 21. lO.v. Supplement. With Figures of the Skulls of 36 Genera. Pp. ix., 120. 40 Woodcuts. 1870, 4to. lO.v. Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, Itc. 2s. Bd. Part II. Emvdosaurians, Rhvnchocephalia, and Amphis- Ip.rnians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3*. 6d. 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Eeptiles in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.E.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4*. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchoceplialians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum CNatural History). New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, 8vo. 155. Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct) in the Collection of the British Museum. By Albert C. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S. Pp. iv., 96. 55 Plates, and two Charts of the Aldabra gi-oup of Islands, north-west of Madagascar. [With a Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land Tortoises.] 1877, 4to. 1/. 10*. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His- tory). Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger : — Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidse, Uroplatidae, Pygo- podidaj, Agamid*. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 205. Vol. II. Iguanidse, Xeuosauridae, Zonurid5_ 604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, Svo. 4s~ Part IV. Acridid;e (eoiitinned). Pp. 605-809. TWith an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, Svo. Gs. Part y. Tettigida?.— Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat- tariae.— Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Salt^tona (with remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850; 43; 11 G TWith Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, Svo. 6*. Hemipteroiis Insects. List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By W. S. Dallas F L S • Parti. Pp.368. 11 Plates. 1851,'l2mo. 7* Part 11. Pp. 369-590. Plates 12-15. 1852, 12mo. 4^. Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker F L S «&c. Svo. : — > • • -J Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5s. Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867 4* Part III. Pp 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to i^arts 1., II., III., and a Summary of Geographical JJistribution of the Species mentioned.] 1868. As Gd Partly. Pp.211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871 6* Party. Pp.202. I870 5,. Partyi. Pp.210. . 1873. 5, Part yil. Pp. 213. I873. g,. Part ^ail. Pp. 220. I873. Gs.Gd. Homopterotis Insects. List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the CoUection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Supplement Pn 11., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 4^ Gd.' yERMES. Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms con- tamed in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr Baird ^^TV'^I- ^^^^*'^- nVith an Index of the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found- and an Index of Genera und Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2.9. 14 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ANTHOZOA. Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariiila! iu the Collection of ijie British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 40. 2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. Qd. Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the Bi-itish Museum. ByJ. E. Gray, F.K.S., &c. Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook. Pp. xi., 212. .35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, Explanation of Plates, and a Preface by Dr. Giinther.] 1893, 4to. IZ. 4a-. BRITISH ANIMALS. Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3*. 6(Z. Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidae and Apid;e. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi. 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidse, and Vespidse in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12 mo. 6s. A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L. Ed., Ll.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &c. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865, Svo. 7s. Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii. 202. Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). [With Table of Con- tents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Description of the Plates, &c.] 1892, 8vo. 12s. Gd. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures. 12mo. : — Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850. 2nd Edition. I3y H. T. Stainton and E. She]>herd. Pp. iv. 224. 1856, 12mo. Is. 9d. Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda. By Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851, 12n)o. 3s. 6d. Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. Pp.iv., 51. 1852, Is. DUrriSU MUSEUM (XATUUAL HIS'I'OUV). 15 List of tlic S|)triinciis of Britisli Aiii'iuals, &(•. — voutlnwd. I';ut XIII. Xomenclature ofllymenopteni. Uy Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853, 12mo. 1*. \