niin 0123 II Wn ° = 2 12) c o ond Ww 2) > ps w c Ww = 2 2 ee we PRESENTED The Wrusfeces THE BRITISH MUSEUM. _ ere ; ve Ate art. , Bethel Museum [Nat Fish} Dept al Zoblow ro. ae a. eee CATALOGUE OF THE SNAKES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). CONTAINING THE AMBLYCEPHALIDA, ann VIPERID AL. t.\ BY GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER, F.RS. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW ; B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 31 SOHO SQUARE, W.; KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD; , AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), WW | COLUBRID (OPISTHOGLYPHA anv PROTEROGLYPH A), : 4§2 VOLUME IIL, Sait 1896. SEEN BY PRESERV/11ON [All rights reserved.|] SERVICZS Ce) an ae PRINTED ay tayLon | s in J a ae RED LION COURT, PREFACE. RaARRIEeyyyy Wirn this volume is brought to a conclusion a series of works which all zoologists must acknowledge to be of primary importance in the history of science. The series consists of nine volumes, viz.:—The Catalogue of Batrachia Salientia, published in 1882; the Catalogue of Batrachia Gradientia, also in 1882; the Catalogue of Lizards, vol. i. 1885, vol. ii. 1885, vol. iii. 1887; the Catalogue of Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles, 1889; and the Catalogue of Snakes, vol. i. 1893, vol. ii. 1894, and vol. iii. 1896. These works are not only catalogues in the ordinary sense of the largest general collections of Batrachia and Reptilia ever yet brought together, but are complete monographs of the groups of animals treated of, so far as their zoological characters, geographical distri- bution, and’ synonymy are concerned—descriptions being given of every species regarded by the author as valid, whether contained in the Museum or not. The initiative of the series is due to Dr. Giinther. It was begun and has been carried out almost to its close under his Keepership _ of the Zoological Department. Of the unremitting devotion of Mr. Boulenger to the task which has occupied him -for more than fifteen years, or of the ability and iv PREFACE, large anatomical and literary knowledge he has brought to bear upon it, it is not necessary for me to speak—they are known to all zoologists ; and [ hardly need point out that the value of the work has been greatly increased by the numerous carefully executed figures of new species and of illustrative anatomical details which it contains. W. H. FLOWER, Director. April 15, 1896. INTRODUCTION. Tas concluding volume of the Catalogue of Snakes, contains the descriptions of 689 species, 564 of which are represented in the Collection, and the enumeration of 5230 specimens. The total number of recognized species of Ophidians now amounts to 1639. Duméril & Bibron’s ‘ Erpétologie Générale’ (1854) registers 531; Gray and Giinther’s Catalogues (1849-58) 544; and 789 (including numerous nomina nuda) are enumerated in Jan’s * Elenco’ (1863). The amalgamated index to the three volumes, which is appended, contains 7335 names, thus showing the enormous extent of the synonymy. With this volume the revision of the entire Herpetological Collection in the British Museum is brought to a close, a work the publication of which has extended over fourteen years. The whole series of Catalogues, consisting of nine Volumes—two of Batrachians (1882), three of Lizards (1885-87), one of Rhyncho- cephalians, Chelonians, and Crocodiles (1889), and three of Snakes (1893-96)—deals with 4,413 species and 28,642 specimens. But the numerous additions to the Collection and to the Literature, made since the appearance of the earlier volumes, raise these numbers as follows :— vi INTRODUCTION. Species repre- Specimens Described sented in in Collec- valid species. Collection. tion, REPTILIA. . SQUAMATA. SRR. ut anes. ws 1639 1327 11092 RHIPTOGLOSSA ...... 76 58 544 LAaOBRTILIA ........- 1893 1413 13524 EMYDOSAURIA ...... 23 20 250 OCHEEONTA.. 22 .2%i.-8%5 219 183 1852 RHYNCHOCEPHALLIA .. 1 1 13 BATRACHIA. : ECAUDATA wvnncv stan 1146 778 8950 CAUDATA =... uixs une 130 89 1685 APGDA .Chiiscds cae 43 36 176 Total.... 6170 3905 38086 The Collection in the Museum is not only the largest but also the best-arranged in existence, every specimen in it having been carefully examined and classified according to a modern system after consultation of the whole literature. The Author begs to express his thanks to the following gentlemen who have assisted him in the preparation of the Catalogue of Snakes, through gift or loan of specimens, or with notes on the types in the Collections under their charge :—Professor Vaillant, Dr. Moc- quard, and M. Bocourt, of the Paris Museum; Marquis Doria and Dr. Gestro, Genoa; Professor Hertwig, Munich ; Professor Ehlers, Géttingen; Professor Barboza du Bocage, Lisbon; M. Dollo, Brussels; Professor Mébius and Dr. -Tornier, Berlin; Professor Boettger, Frankfort/M.; Professor Camerano and Count Peracca, Turin; Professor Bavay, Brest; and Professor von Méhely, Kronstadt. To his former Chief, Dr. Giinther, to whose initiative the publication of this work is due, his best thanks are also now offered for the kind encouragement he has bestowed on him for so many years, G. A. BOULENGER, Zoological Department, March 27, 1896. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. OPHIDIA. Subfam. 5. DipsaDoMORPHINZ”E. Page ; 134. Geodipsas, Blgr. ...... 2 See, COUREE LD 2. 1. infeaMinentas Gils. 88 ‘ : 2. boulengeri, Peracca.. 32 ae te ee peeoutipha. 135. Hologerrhum, Gthr. .. 33 A m. 1. philippinum, Gthr... 33 ee me es | 196 Ithyoyphins, Géir: wl. BA 124. Hypsirhina, Wagl, .... 2 1. goudoti, Schleg. .... 34 I. indicasG@ray ot... 4 2. miniatus, Schleg..... 35 2. alternans, Reuss .... 5 | 137. Langaha, Brugn. ...... 35 3. plumbea, Boze ...... 5 1. nasuta, Shaw ...... 36 4, jagorii, Pérs......... 6 2. intermedia, Blgr..... 37 x5, enhydris, Schn. 6 3. crista-galli, D. § B. . 37 6. bennettii, Gray .... 8 | 188. Alluaudina, Mocg. .... 38 7. chinensis, Gray .... 8 1. bellyi, Mocqg....... 26, 38 8. macleayi, D.Ogilby.. 9 | 189. Eteirodipsas, Jan...... 38 9. polylepis, Fisch. .... 9 1. colubrina, Schleg. .. 39 10. blanfordii, Blgr. .... 10 | 140. Stenophis, Blgr. ...... 39 11. bocourtii, Jan ...... 10 1. guentheri, Blgr. .... 40 12. albomaculata, D.§ B. 11 2. granuliceps, Bttgr... 41 13. sieboldii, Schleg..... 11 3. Inornatus, Blgr. .... 42 14. punctata, Gray...... 12 A. gaimardii, Schleg..... 42 Bede MON, LNB. Ole ess “18 5. maculatus, Gthr..... 48 125. Homalopsis, Kuhl .... 18 6. arctifasciatus, D.§ B. 48 HX phe, WUCCRTAS: dr, 1 SK peeve 14 7. variabilis, Blgr. .... 48 126. Cerberus, Cuv. ........ 15 8. betsileanus, Gthr. .. 44 a 1. rhynchops,(Schn.).... 16 | 141. Lycodryas, Gthr. ...... 44 2. australis, Gray...... 18 1. sancti-johannis, Gthr. 45 3. microlepis, Bigr. .... 18 | 142. Pythonodipas, Gthr. .. 45 127. Eurostus, D.§ B. .... 19 1. carinata, Gthr. .... 45 1. dussumieri, D. § B... 19 | 148. Ditypophis, Gthr....... 46 128. Myron, Gray.......... 19 Tsovivax, Gtare. os oo 46 1. richardsonii, Gray .. 20 | 144. Tarbophis, Fleischm. .. 47 129. Gerardia, Gray ........ 20 1. savignyi, Blyr. .... 48 1. prevostiana, Lyd. & 2. fallax, Fleischm. .... 48 Gere: HANS ov Pee 20 3. iberus, Hichw. ...... 49 180.. Fordonia, Gray........ 21 4, rhinopoma, Blanf. .. 50 1. leucobalia, Schleg. .. 21 5. variegatus, Reinh. .. 51 PSL ACantoria, Gir rik. 23 6. semiannulatus, Smith 51 l..violacea, Gir....... 23 7. guentheri, And. ... 52 132, Hipistes, Gray ..... aah ae 8. obtusus, Reuss ...... 52 x1. hydrinus,(Cant.) ... 24 | 145. Trimorphodon, Cope .. 58 133. Herpeton, Lacép, ...... 25 1. biscutatus, D. §& B... 64 1. tentaculatum, Lacép.. 25 2. upsilon, Cope ...... 55 Viii SYSTEMATIC INDEX, Page 8. lyrophanes, Cope..... 66 | 154. Oxyrhopua, Wagl....... "9D 4. tau, Cope .......... 56 | 1. petolarius, Z. ...... 101 146. Lycognathus, D. § B... 56 | 2. rhombifer, D. §& B. .. 108 1. cervinus, Zaur. .... 57 3. trigeminus, D. §& B... 104 2. rhombedtus, Pers. 58 4, bitorquatus, Gthr. .. 104 — 147. Trypanurgos, Fitz. .... 58 5. melanogenys, 7'sch. .. 105 1. compressus, Daud... 58 6. doliatus, D. §& B..... 106 148, Dipsadomorphus, Fitz.. 59 7. formosus, Wied .... 106 1. trigonatus, Schn. .... 62 8. labialis, Jan ........ 107 2. multimaculatus, Boie 63 9. clathratus, D. §& B... 107 3. gokool, Gray ...... 64 10. fitzingeri, Tsch. .... 108 x4, hexagonotus,(Blyth). 65 11. cloelia, Daud. ...... 108 5. ceylonensis, Gthr. .. 66 12. maculatus, Blgr..... 110 x6. fuscus(GrayJ....... 67 13. occipitoluteus, D. §-B. 110 7. pulverulentus, Fisch. 68,649 14, rusticus, Cope ...... lll 8. multifasciatus, Blyth. 69 x 15, coronatus, Schn. .... 111 9. dightonii, Blgr. .... 69 16. neuwiedii, D. § B. .. 112 10. dendrophilus, Bote .. 70 17. guerini, D. §& B..... 118 11. cyaneus, D. § B..... 72 | 155. Rhinostoma, Fitz....... 114 12. nigriceps, Gthr. .... 72 1, guianense, Zrosch. .. 114 13. jaspideus, D. § B... 73 2. vittatum, Blgr. .... 115 14. barnesii, Gthr....... 73 | 156. Thamnodynastes, Wagl. . 115 15. drapiezii, Bove ..... oe 1, nattereri, Mik. .... 116 16. angulatus, Pirs. .... 75 2. punctatissimus, Wagl. 117 17, irregularis, Merr. .. 75 | 157. Tachymenis, Wiegm. .. 117 18. flavescens, D. § B... 77 Xx 1. peruviana, Wregm. ... 118 19. philippinus, Pérs. .. 77 2. affinis, Blgr......... 119 20, blandingii, Hallow... 77 | 168. Hemirhagerrhis, Bétgr. . 119 21. cynodon, Bote ...... 78 1. kelleri, Bétgr. .. 119, 649 22. forsteni, D. §& B..... 80 | 159. Manolepis, Cope ...... 120 bertholdi, Jan ...... 81 1, putnami, Jan ...... 120 ornata, Macleay .... 81 | 160. Tomodon, D.§ B. .... 120 149. Dipsadoboa, Gthr. .... 81 1. dorsatus, D. §& B..... 121 1. unicolor, Gthr. .... 81 2. ocellatus, D. §& B. 121, 649 150. Rhinobothryum, Wagl.. 81 | 161. Conophis, Ptrs......... 122 1. lentiginosum, Scop... 82 1. lineatus, D.§ B..... 123 151. Himantodes, D. & B. .. 88 2. vittatus, Pirs. ...... 123 1. cenchoa, Z. ........ 84 3. teeniatus, Hens. ..... 124 2. elegans, Jan........ 85 | 162. Amplorhinus, Smith.... 124 3. lentiferus; Cope .... 86 1, multimaculatus, 4. gemmistratus, Cope.. 86 Smith. «...< sees ae 125 5. gracillimus, Gthr, .. 87 2. nototenia, Gthr..... 125 6. inornatus, Blgr. .... 88 | 163. Pseudablabes, Blgr. .... 126 7. P subequalis, Fisch.. 88 1, agassizii, Jan ...... 127 152. Leptodira, Gihr. ...... 88 | 164. Philodryas, Wagl. .... 127 i Eh rh Laur, 89, 649 1. westivus, Schleg. .... 128 2, punctata, Pirs....... 91 x2. viridissimus,(Z.) .... 129 3. nigrofasciata, Gthr... 92 5. olfersii, Licht. ...... 129 4. frenata, Cope ...... 92 4, schotti, Schleg....... 130 5. septentrionalis, Kenn. 93 5. bolivianus, Blgr..... 1382 x 6. personata, Cope .... 98 6. psammophideus, Gthr, 132 7. ocellata, Gthr....... 94 7. vitellinus, star as sh X 8. albofusca, Lacép, .... 95 8. elegans, Tsch, ...... 183 9. annulata, Z......... 97 9. nattereri, Stdr....... 134 158. Chametortus, Gthr. .. 98 10. serra, Schleg. ...... 134 1. aulicus, Gthr. ...... 98 11. burmeisteri, Jan .... 185 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. ix Page 12. baroni, Berg. ..:... 136 13. P inornatus, D. & B... 186 165. Taltris, Cope .......... 137 1. dorsalis, Gthr....... 137 166. Trimerorhinus, Smth .. 138 1. rhombeatus, Z. .... 188 2. triteeniatus, Gthr. 139, 649 3. variabilis, Gthr. .... 140 167. Coelopeltis, Wagl....... 141 x 1. monspessulana,Herm,/141 2. moilensis, Reuss .... 143 168. Rhamphiophis, Pérs. .. 144 1. rubropunctatus, Fisch. 146 2. oxyrhynchus, Reinh. . 146 3. togoensis, Matschie.. 147 4, acutus, Gthr. ...... 148 5. multimaculatus, Smith 148 169. Dromophis, Pérs. ..... a eA 1. lineatus, D. §& B..:.. 149 2. preeornatus, Schleg... 150 170. Taphrometopon, Brandé. 151 1. lineolatum, Brandt .. 151 171, Psammophis, Bote .... 152 Tu leith, Gthr...ca ee 155 2. notostictus, Ptrs..... 156 x 3. schokari,/Forsk.).... 157 4, punctulatus, D. § B.. 159 5. trigrammus, Gthr. .. 159 6. subteeniatus, Pts. .. 160 7. bocagii, Bigr. ...... 161 8. sibilans, Z. ........ 161 9. furcatus, Pirs....... 164 10. longifrons, Blgr. .... 165 ¥11. condanarus,(MVerr.).. 165 2. brevirostris, Péirs. .. 166 13. elegans, Shaw ...... 167 14. biseriatus, Ptrs. .... 168 15. erucifer, Daud....... 169 16. pulcher, Bigr. ...... 169 17. angolensis, Boeage .. 170 172. Mimophis, Gtdr. ...... 171 1. mahfalensis, Grand... 171 178. Psammodynastes, Gthr.. 172 *%1. pulverulentus,/Bote/ . 172 2. pictus, Githr......... 174 174, Macroprotedon, Guich... 175 x1. cucullatus, 7. Geoffr.). 175 175. Dryophis, Dalm. ...... 177 1. perroteti, D. § B. .. 178 2. dispar, Gthr. ..... 179 3. fronticinctus, Gthr... 179 4. xanthozona, Bowe.... 180 5. prasinus, Bote ...... 180 6. fasciolatus, Fisch..... 182 7. mycterizans, Z. .... 182 8. pulverulentus, D.§ B. 184 VOL, III. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180, x 181. 182. 183. 184. Thelotornis, Smith .... 184 1. kirtlandii, Hallow. .. 185 Dispholidus, Duvern. .. 186 1. typus, Smith........ 187 Oxybelis, Wagl. ...... 189 1. brevirostris, Cope.... 190 2. argenteus, Daud..... 190 3. fulgidus, Daud. .... 191 4, acuminatus, Wied .. 192 chien ty TPs so es 193 1. rubescens, Gray .... 194 2. philippina, Bigr..... 195 Chrysopelea, Bote ...... 195 1. rhodopleuron, Bote .. 195 2. ornata,(Shaw)...... 196 3. chrysochlora, Reinw.. 198 Erythrolamprus, Wagl. . 199 1. esculapil, Z......... 200 2. decipiens, Gthr. .... 204 3. grammophrys, Dugés. 204 4, lateritius, Cope...... 205 5. dromiciformis, Pétrs. . 205 6. imperialis, B. § G. .. 206 7. fissidens, Gthr....... 207 8. bipunctatus, Gthr. .. 208 9. piceivittis, Cope .... 209 Hydrocalamus, Cope .. 209 1. quinquevittatus, D. § Bi. Se ee ea 210 Scolecophis, Cope...... 210 1. atrocinctus, Sehleg .. 211 2. michoacanensis, Cope. 211 3. emulus, Cope ...... 212 Homalocranium, D. § B. 212 1. melanocephalum, Z, . 215 2, annulatum, Btigr. .. 217 3. trilineatum, Ptrs. .. 217 4, longifrontale, Blgr... 218 5. coronatum, B. §& G... 218 6. rubrum, Cope ...... 219 7. semicinctum, D. & FS cat 219 8. fuscum, Bocourt .... 220 9. boulengeri, Gthr..... 221 10. schistosum, Bocourt.. 221 11. canula, Cope........ 222 12. miniatum, Cope .... 222 13. virgatum, Gthr. .... 223 14, ruficeps, Cope ...... 223 15. bocourti, Gthr....... 224 16, reticulatum, Cope ., 224 17. meestum, Gthr. .... 225 18. vermiforme, Hallow. . 225 19. breve, Gthr......... 225 20. atriceps, Gthr....... 226 21. planiceps, Blainv. .. 226 SYSTEMATIC INDEX, P 22. calamarinum, Cope .. 22 23. gracile, B. § G. .... 228 185. Ogmius, Cope.......... 228 1. acutus, Cope........ 229 186. Stenorhina, D. §& B..... 229 1. degenhardtii, Berth, . 229 187. Xenopholis, Pérs....... 231 1. sealaris, Wuch....... 232 188. Apostolepis, Cope...... 232 1. coronata, Sauv....... 233 2. assimilis, Reinh. .... 234 189. 190. 3. flavitorquata, D. § B. 4, nigrolineata, Pirs. .. 5. quinquelineata, Blgr . : 6. nigroterminata, Bigr.. 7. dorbignyi, Schleg..... 8. erythronota, Pérs. .. 9. ambinigra, Ptrs. .... Elapomoius, Jan ...... 1. dimidiatus, Jan Elapomorphus, D. § B. . 238 1. blumii, Schieg. ...... 239 2. wuchereri, Gthr. .... 240 3. lepidus, Reinh. ...... 241 4, tricolor, D. § B..... 241 5. lemniscatus, D. §& B.. 6. trilineatus, Blgr..... 243 7. bilineatus, D. & B... 248 191. Amblyodipsas, Ptrs. .. 244 ae miorophthalma, Bane. 244 192. Elapotinus, Jan ...... 244 1, picteti, Jan ...+.++ 245 193, Calamelaps, Gthr....... 245 1. unicolor, Reinh. .... 245 2. polylepis, Bocage.... 246 8. ? concolor, Smith .... 246 194, Rhinocalamus, Gthr. .. 247 1, dimidiatus, Gthr..... 247 195, Xenocalamus, Gthr..... 247 1. bicolor, Gthr. ...... 248 2. mechovii, Pérs....... 248 196. Micrelaps, Bttgr. ...... 248 1. muelleri, Bttgr. .... 249 2. vaillanti, Mocg. .... 249 197. Miodon, A, Dum....... 249 1. acanthias, Reinh..... 250 2. collaris, Pirs. ...... 251 8. gabonensis, A. Dum, . 252 4. notatus, Ptrs. ...... 252 5. neuwiedi, Jan .....- 253 198. Polemon, Jan .......+. 253 1. barthii, Jan ......+. 254 199. Brachyophis, Mocg. .... 254 1. revoili, Mocg. ....-: 254 200. Macrelaps, Blgr. ...... 255 1. microlepidotus, Gthr. P 201. Aparallactus, Smith .... 255 1, jacksonii, Gthr.. . 256, 649 2. werneri, Blgr. ...... 257 8. concolor, Fisch. .... 257 4. lunulatus, Pétrs. .... 268 5. guentheri, Blgr. .... 259 6. bocagii, Blgr. ...... 259 7. capensis, Smith...... 259 8. nigriceps, Pérs. 260 9. punctatolineatus, Blgr. 261 10. lineatus, Pérs. ...... 2051 11. anomalus, Blgr, .... 262 202. Elapops, Gthr. ........ 262 1. modestus, Gthr.. . 262, 649 Subfam. 6. ELACHISTODONTIN®. 203. Elachistodon, Reinh. .. 268 1, westermanni, Feinh.. 264 Series C. Proteroglypha. Subfam. 7. HypRrRopHIIN«. 204. Hydrus, Schn. ........ 266 x 1, platurus, J. ........ 205. Thalassophis, Schmidt . . 1. anomalus, Schmidt .. Acalyptophis, Bigr. .... 1. peronil, D. & B. .... Hydrelaps, Bigr. ...... 1. darwiniensis, Bigr. .. Hydrophis, Daud 1. spiralis, Shaw 2. polyodontus, Jan.... 8. schistosus, Daud..... 4, hybridus, Schleg. .... 5. longiceps, Gthr. .... 6 7 8 206. 207. 208. Hydrophis, Daud ...... . ceerulescens, Shaw .. . frontalis, Jan . kingii, Blgr. .....++ 9. nigrocinctus, Daud .. . mamillaris, Daud. ... . elegans, Gray ...... 278 12. pacificus, Blgr. .... ; fatifneciatus, Gthr. .. . coronatus, Gthr. .... . gracilis, Shaw ...... . cantoris, Gthr....... . fasciatus, Schn. .... . brookii, Gthr, ...... . melanocephalus,Gray. . torquatus, Gthr. .... . obscurus, Daud .. 22. leptodira, Bigr. 209. Distira, ie 1. stokesii, Gray SYSTEMATIC INDEX. xi Page 2. major, Shaw ...%.... 289 3. ornata,(Gray) ...... 290 A. godeffroyi, OTE oS ee 5. melanosoma, Gthi. .. 291 6. semperi, Garm. 292 7. subcincta, Gray .... 292 8. brugmansii, Bove .... 292 9. tuberculata, And. .. 292 10. grandis, Bigr. ...... 293 11. macfarlani, Bigr..... 294 12. cyanocincta, Daud... 294 13. bituberculata, Ptrs... 296 14. belcheri, Gray ...... 296 15, pachycercus, Fisch... 297 16. lapemidoides, Gray .. 297 17. viperina, Sehmidt.... 298 erdonii, Gray ...... 299 210. Tale | MRP aids 5 ke 300 1, curtus, Shaw........ 300 2. hardwickii, Gray.... 301 211. Enhydrina, Gray...... 302 » 1. valakadien, Bove .... 302 212. Aipysurus, Lacép. 303 1. eydouxii, Gray .... 304 2. annulatus, Krefft .... 804 3. levis, Lacép. ....+. 305 4, australis, Sauv. . 805 213. Platurus, Daud........ 306 1. laticaudatus, Z. .... 307 x 2. colubrinus,(Schn).... 308 3. schistorhynchus,Gthr, : 4, muelleri, Blgr....... 309 Subfam. 8. ELapin. 214, Ogmodon, Pérs. ...... 312 1, vitianus, Pérs. ...... 313 215. Glyphodon, Gthr....... 313 1 OR Ord! ene Pr 514 216. Pseudelaps, DP Be ee OAD 1. muelleri, a vance CLO 2. squamulosus, D ~§ B. 317 8. krefftii, GtAr. ...... 318 A, fordii, Krefft ...... 318 x 5, harriette, Krefft .... 318 x 6. diadema,(Schleg) .... 319 7. warro, De Vat 0... 320 8. sutherlandi, De Vis.. 320 217. Diemenia, Gray ...... 320 x 1, psammophis, Schleg.. 322 2. torquata, Gthre..... 323 x 3. olivacea, Gray...... 323 4, ornaticeps, Macleay.. 324 5. modesta, Gthr....... 324 6. textilis, D. & B. .... 325 7. nuchalis, Gthr....... 326 My 218. Pseudechis, Wagl. ; 397 » 1. porphyriacus, Shaw .. 328 2. cupreus, Blgr....... 329 3. australis, Gray . 330 4. darwiniensis, Macleay. 330 5. papuanus, Pirs.§ Doria 331 6. scutellatus, Pérs..... 331 7. microlepidotus,MeCoy 332 8. ferox, Macleay ...... 332 219. Denisonia, Krefft ...... 332 x1. superba, Githr....... 335 2. coronata, Schleg..... 335 3. coronoides, Gthr..... 336 4, muelleri, Fisch. 337 5. frenata, Ptrs. ...... 338 6. ramsayi, Kreffté .... 338 = 7. signata,(Jan),....... 338 8. deemelil, Gthr....... 339 9. suta bee: 2 at 339 10. frontalis, D. Ogilby.. 840 11. flagellum, McCoy .. 340 12. maculata, Stdr. .... 341 13. punctata, Blgr. . 341 14, gouldii, Gray ...... 342 a 15. nigrescens, G'thr,.... 343 16. nigrostriata, Krefft .. 348 17. carpentariz, seeiterut 344 18. pallidiceps, Gthr..... 344 19. melanura, Blgr. .... 345 20; pat, BOW eae yh. 345 21. woodfordii, Blgr..... 346 220. Micropechis, Bigr. . 346 1. ikaheka, Less. ...... 347 2. elapoides, Blgr. .... 347 221. Hoplocephalus, Cuv. 348 1: ulseratoiden, Bote .. 348 2 sis hota Jan .... 349 hensii, Krefft 350 222. Tropidechis, Gthr. . 350 ¥ 1. carinatus, Krefft .... 350 223. Notechis, Blgr......... 351 xX 1. euiathesd wey ee 351 224. Rhinhoplocephalus, fF. Miill. Seo eee ee 353 1. bicolor, #. Miill..... 353 225. Brachyaspis, Bigr. 353 1. curta, Schleg. ...... 353 226. Acanthophis, Daud..... 354 x J, antarcticus, Shaw ., 355 227, Elapognathus, Blgr..... 356 A. IBOT, CHAP oA 356 228. Boulengerina, Dollo ... 357 1. stormsi, Dolio ...... 357 229, Elapechis, Blgr. ...... 358 1. guentheri, Bocage .. 359 2, niger, Gthre. os ices 359 xii Page 3. hessii, Bttgr. ...... 360 4, decosteri, Blgr. .... 360 5. sundevallii, Smith .. 360 6. boulengeri, Btigr. .. 36 230. Rhynchelaps, Jan...... 361 1. bertholdi, Jan ...... 362 2. australis, Krefft .... 363 3. semifasciatus, Gthr... 363 4, fasciolatus, Gthr..... 364 231. Bungarus, Daud. ...... 365 »1. fasciatus,(Schn.) .... 366 x 2. ceylonicus, Gthr..... 367 x 3, candidus,(LJ........ 368 4, lividus, Cant. ...... 370 5. bungaroides,, Cant. .. 370 6. flaviceps, Reink, .... 371 282. Naia, Laur. ....iise. 372 1, haie, Zack. «we eenas 374 2. flava, Merr......... 376 3. melanoleuca, Hallow. 376 4, nigricollis, Reinh, 378, 649 x 5, tripudians, Merr..... 380 6. samarensis, Pérs..... 385 x 7. bungarus, Schleg..... 386 8. anchietw, Bocage.... 387 9. goldii, Blgr......... 387 10, guentheri, Bigr. .... 888 238. Sepedon, Merr......... 388 F escaarheiok Lacép,. 389 234. Aspidelaps, Smith...... 390 As ie tea LGU i's sive 8390 2. scutatus, Smith .... 391 235. Walterinnesia, Lataste.. 392 1. egyptia, Lataste.... 392 236. Hemibungarus, Ptrs. .. 392 1. calligaster, Wiegm... 893 2. collaris, Schleg....... 3938 3. nigrescens, Gthr..... 394 4. japonicus, Gthr, .... 895 2387. Callophis, Gray........ 396 1, gracilis, Gray ...... 56 2. trimaculatus, Daud... 397 8. maculiceps, Gthr. .. 397 x 4, macclellandii,(Reinh.). 398 5. bibronii, Jan........ 399 238. Doliophis, Gir. ........ 899 1, bivirgatus, Bote .... 400 x 2. intestinalis, Zaur. .. 401 8. bilineatus, Ptrs. .... 404 4. aL rR: Gthr. .. 404 239. Furina, D. § B. ...... 405 1, bimaculata, D. & B.. 406 2. calonota, D. & B. .. 407 x38. occipitalis,(D. § B).. 407 240. Homorelaps, Jan SYSTEMATIC INDEX, 1. lactousyZ3...'ons cee 2. dorsalis, Smith ...... 410 241. Elaps, Schn. .......... 411 1. surinamensis, Cuv. .. 414 2. heterochilus, Mocg... 414 3. euryxanthus, Kenn... 415 4. gravenhorstii, Jan .. 415 5. langsdortfii, Wagl. .. 416 6. buckleyi, Bigr. 416 7, anomalus, Blgr.,.... 417 8. heterozonus, Ptrs. .. 417 9. elegans, Jan ........ 418 10. annellatus, Pérs, .... 418 11. decoratus, Jan ...... 419 12. dumerilii, Jan ...... 419 13. corallinus, Wied .... 420 14. hemprichii, Jan .... 421 15. tschudii, Jan ...... 422 16, dissuleucus, Cope .... 422 17. falvius; Zp ees .. 422 18, psyches, Daud. .... 426 19. spixii, Wagl. ...... 427 20, frontalis, D. & B, 427 21. maregravii, Wied .. 428 22. lemniscatus, Z....... 450 23. filiformis, Gthr. ....| 480 24. mipartitus, D. §& B.,. 431 25. fraseri, Blgr......... 432 26, mentalis, Blgr....... 452 27. ancoralis, Jan ...... 432 28. narduccii, Jan ...:.. 483 242, Dendraspis, Schleg. .... 434 1. viridis, Hallow. .... 435 2. jamesonii, Traill .... 436 8. angusticeps, Smith .. 437 4. antinorii, Pirs, .... 437 Fam. 8. AMBLYCEPHALID®. 1. CE PAS D. GS ws 2, Amblycephalus, Kuhl 439 rr 439 . 440 1. levis, Boie...... evi . malaccanus, Pérs. .... 442 . monticola, Cant. .... 448 moellendorflii, Btigr.. 443 andersonii, Blgr. .... 444 . modestus, Theod. .... 444 macularius, Theob, .. 444 . margaritophorus, Jan. 445 9. carinatus, Bote 445 oa, Bote QO SI G> Or Co LO . Leptognathus, D. § B... 446 1. catesbyi, Sentz ...... 2. pavonina, Schley. .... 450 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 3. variegata, D. § Bi.... 451 | 4, albifrcns, SAUO. Sas. 451 5. brevifacies, Cope 452 6. andiana, Blgr. ae 452 7. elegans, 1: gO ae ae 452 8. leucomelas, Bigr. .... 453 9. mikani, Schley. ...... 453 10. ventrimaculata, Blyr. . 454 11. ineequifasciata, D. & B. 455 12. turgida, Cope ........ 456 13. alternans, Misch. . 14. viguieri, ‘Bocourt .... 457 15. annulata, Gthr. ...... 457 16. articulata, See 458 17. incerta, Jan ........ 458 18.argus, Cope’. ;...... 458 19. sanniola, Cope ...... 459 20. dimidiata, Gthr. .... 459 21. bicolor, Gthr......... 460 4. Dipsas, | 460 ‘ bucephala, Shaw . 461 5. Pseudopareas, Bigr. . 462 te ee, 2 462 2. atypicus, Cope « Fam. 9. VIPERID&. Subfam. 1. VirERINz. bCausus, Wagl... 2.5.64: : 465 x 1. rhombeatus, Licht. 467 2. resimus, Ptrs, ...... 468 3. defilippii, Jan ...... 469 4. lichtensteinii, Jan.... 470 2. Azemiops, Blgr......... 470 PIP.) een wks vs 471 3. Vipera, Laur. .......... 471 ES eo; a 475 2. renardi, Christ. ...... 475 x 3. berus, L............. 476 WR BBDISG Bes ks evens 481 % 5. latastii, Bosed........ 484 x6. ammodytes, Z. ...... 485 Ge PAGGIe, DICT oo 60. 487 8. lebetina, Z. ........ 487 x9. russellii, Shaw ...... 490 10. superciliaris, Pérs..... 491 A. Bitis, FLY ts sees 492 x 1. arietans, Merr. ...... 493 2. peringueyi, Blgr. .... 495 x 38. atropos,( 5 pts 2 pat 495 4, inornata, Smith ...... 496 O. CoMminte, Leo. cieics ss 497 6. caudalis, Smith ...... 498 7. gabonica, D. & B..... 499 8, nasicornis, Shaw 500 VOL, III,. Page 5. Pseudocerastes, Bigr.. .. BOL 1. persicus, D. ’§ ac tad en POL 6. Cerastes, Wagl. ........ 501 x1. cornutus, Worsk....... 502 MS) Winetay Be oe seca. 503 ( sotass Marre ree oe a 504 yl. carinatus,(Schn) e+e pe 505 2. coloratus, Gthr....... 507 8. Atheris, Cope a ane eae Ate 508 1. chlorechis, Schleg. .... 508 2. oe ae Hallow. 509 3. ceratophorus, Werner . 510 9. Atractaspis, Smith ...... 510 1. hildebrandtii, Pérs. .. 512 2. congica, Birgit ts 5138 3. irregularis, Reinh..... 513 4, corpulenta, Hallow. .. 514 5. rostrata, Githr. ...... 514 6. bibronii, Smith ...... 515 7. aterrima, Gthr. ...... 515 8. dahomeyensis, poe 516 9. micropholis, Gthr..... 516 10. leucomelas, Blgr. .... 517 11. microlepidota, Gthr. .. 517 Subfam. 2. CroraLin». 10. Ancistrodon, Pal. de BORGO: oe kincs & 519 x 1. piscivorus,(Zacép).... 2. ilineatus, Gthr. , » 3, contortrix,(Z.)....... 522 4, acutus, Gli he 524 5. halys, 3 Ay eget a 3 524 6. intermedius, Strauch . 525 7. blomhoffii, Bote ...... 525 x 8. himalayanus,(Gthr) .. 526 9. rhodostoma, Bote .... 527 10. hypnale, Merr. ...... 528 11, Lachesis, Daud. ........ 529 EA Pa a 534 2, lanceolatus, ae 535 DAMIO RS hid ica: cai s alae 537 4, pulcher, i epee 539 5. microphthalmus, Cope. 540 Go PiCtne, TRO eR 540 7. alternatus, D, § B. .. 541 8. neuwiedii, Wagl. .... 542 9. ammodytoides, Leyd. . 543 10. xanthogrammus, Cope. 543 11. castelnaudi, D. §& B... 544 12. nummifer, Riipp. .... 544 13. godmani, Githr. ...... 545 14. lansbergii, Schleg..... 546 15. brachystoma, Cope 547 x16. monticola, Gthr. . 548 17. okinavensis, Blgr..... 549 c xiv SYSTEMATIC INDEX, . Page 18. strigatus, Gray ...... 549 '19, flavoviridis, Hallow... 550 20. cantoris, Blyth ...... 551 21. jerdonii, Gthr. ...... 551 22. mucrosquamatus, Cant, 552 23. luteus, Bttgr......... 553 x 24, 7 cae GY) oso 0 sy vanes 553 x 25. gramineus, Shaw .... 554 26. flavomaculatus, Gray . 556 27. sumatranus, Roffles .. 557 28. anamallensis, Gthr. 558 29, trigonocephalus, Daud. 559 30. macrolepis, Bedd. .... 560 a 31. puniceus, Bore ...... 560 2. borneensis, Ptrs. .... 561 x 33. wagleri, Boie..:..... 52 34. bilineatus, Wied .... 565 35. undulatus, Jan ...... 565 36. lateralis, Pe Se 566 Page 37. bicolor, Bocourt...... 566 38. schlegelii, Berth..... . 567 rr nigroviridis, Ptrs, .... 568 rifer, Saly. | « «sistem 568 12. ‘Sis rus, Garm. ......%> 569 x 1. iniliarius,(Z.) ..... .. 569 * 2. catenatus,(Raf) ee) 570 3. ravus, Cope.......... 571 13. Crotalus, RANTS s: s-palecin: oe 572 x 1. terrificus, Zaw....... 573 2. scutulatus, Kenn, .... 575 x 3. confluentus, Say...... 576 X 4. durissus, Z. .......- 578 “5. horridus, Z. ........ 578 6. tigris, Kenn. ........ 580 7. mitchelli, Cope ...... 580 8. triseriatus, Wagl. .... 581 9. polystictus, Cope .... 582 10. lepidus, Kenn. 11. cerastes, Hallow. \ \ \ Maxillary teeth 10 of enlarged, grooves] A L 0 G U E Head small, not or P round or vertically contact behind th¢ the nostril to the) Or divided ; loreal pr’ pits, in 19 to 31 subcaudals in ty . South-easter|\| A IK EK S, Fam. 7. COLUBRIDZ. ( Continued.) Series B. OPISTHOGLYPHA. Divided into three subfamilies :— 4. Homalopsine.—Nostrils valvular, on the upper surface of the ' snout. 5. Dipsadomorphine. — Nostrils lateral; dentition well deve- loped. 6. Elachistodontine.—Teeth rudimentary ; maxillary and man- dible edentulous in front. Most, if not all, of the Snakes in this division are poisonous to a slight degree, paralyzing their prey before deglutition. Subfam. 4. HOMALOPSINZ. Hydrophide, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 510. Hydride, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 35, 1849. Anisodontiens, part., Platyrhiniens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. p- 427, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 796, 1854. Homalopsine, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 74, 1863. Homalopside, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 275, 1864. Homalopsinz, part., Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 484, 1886, and Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. p. 209, 1895. ‘ Homalopsin, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 372, 1890. Nostrils valvular, on the upper surface of the snout. Dentition well developed. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Thoroughly aquatic Snakes, bringing forth their young alive in the water. Inhabitants of Southern China, the East Indies, Papuasia, and North Australia. VoL, III. B 2 COLUBRID. { Page ; bolor, Bocourt...++- 566 Synopsis of the Galegelii, Berth. ..... 567 I. Ventrals without keels. hap ar Pires. ... ie ater, O@LU. «see eees A. Nasals in contact. hs, Garm. »~.+» «me oh 1, Ventrals well developed. aa ae Scales smooth; parietak shields well develo}, Cope Rr o AD. cceeseves Scales keeled ; parietal shields well developd®, ag sateen ie from neck os he bs 4.6 eles 2 oe vie «6 fe 125. * “- Rint 576 Scales keeled; parietals more or less broken ape ey 578 not very distinct from neck ...... 198. Catx.ins eae ale 2. Ventrals very narrow ; scales smooth. 127. Eurostus, p. 19. B. Nasals separated by an internasal. Loreal present; scales keeled........ 128. Myron, p. 19. Loreal present ; scales smooth ; body moderately elongate. 129. Gerardia, p. 20. Loreal absent ; scales smooth; body stout. 130. Fordonia, p. 21. Loreal present ; scales smooth; body extremely elongate. r 131. Cantoria, p. 23. II. Ventrals bicarinate, very narrow. SOMME MRIDOED , . . 5:9:5-sienas eats eee 132. Hipistes, p. 24. Scales keeled ; two rostral appendages. 133. Herpeton, p. 25. 124. HYPSIRHINA. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Syst. Amph. i. p 233 (1799). Hypsirhina, Wagl. Sy Syst. Amph, Pd 16 p. 66 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 71 (1 p. 280 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. vi 375 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ‘ii. 2 ( Cal Ferania, Gray, ll. cc. pp. 67, 66; Ginth. Raclitia, Gray, ll. cc. pp. 67, 79. Miralia, Gray, Ul. cc. pp. 68, 79. Phytolopsis, Gray, Cat. p. 67, Hypsiscopus, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 72. Trigonurus, penltaee & Bibr. Mém, Ac, Se. xxiii, 1858, p. 498, and Erp. én. Vil. 59 Hy patina part., as $s Bibr. il. cc, pp. 498, 945 ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 258 | Eurostus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Ul, cc. p- 498, 951. Tachyplotus, Reinh, Vidensk. ‘Meddel. 1866, p- 151. Feranoides, Carlleyle, Journ. As, Soc. Beng, xxxviii. 1869, p. 196. honopsis, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 576. omalophis, Peters, 1, ¢, p. 577. — Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W, (2) v. 1890, Pp. (1830); Gray, Zool. Mise. ig Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. - 124. HYPSIRHINA. 3 Maxillary teeth 10 to 16, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round or yertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first labial or the loreal; internasal single or divided ; loreal present. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 to 31l- rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia, Papuasia, Northern Queensland. Synopsis of the Species. I, Eye in contact with one, two, or three labials. A. Seales in 19 rows. Two internasals ; ventrals 173-175...... 1. indica, p. 4. Two internasals; ventrals 125-152...... 2. alternans, p. 4. A single internasal; ventrals 120-134 .. 3. plumbea, p. 5. B. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. ‘1. Four or five lower labials (on each side) in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; only the fourth upper labial entering the eye. a. Loreal in contact with the internasal ; scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals 120-128; subcaudals 54-66 .... 4. jagorii, p. 6. Ventrals 150-177; subcaudals 47-78 .... 5. enhydris, p. 6. b. Loreal not reaching the internasal. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 158-163; sub- LGU © AIH gm es he ah tg tare RS: 8 6. bennetti, p. 8. Scales in 23 rows; ventrals 143-151; sub- Gamal 40-40 oo Seale Helse Sais 7. chinensis, p. 8. 2. Three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields. Fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth labials entering the eye; ventrals 147-— ED Wai GALS.:1d Chan rapthes tt ately ate hyaieie dare i 8. macleayi, p. 9. Fifth or fifth and sixth labials entering the eye; ventrals 137-146 .............. 9. polylepis, p. 9. -C. Scales in 25 to 33 rows. 1, A single internasal ; ventrals 125-130. Scales in 25 rows; internasal nearly as DRC MM TORE sc Wateewis vc ces casts 10. blanfordit, p. 10. Seales in 27 rows; internasal about twice Berend as LONG, 065). La bib). 6 vs oleidis vives 11. bocourti2, p. 10. B2 ey Fe ee x 4 COLUBRID. 2. Two internasals ; ventrals 141-156. Scales in 27 rows; rostral considerably broader than deep ...........eeeeeee 12. albomaculata, p. 11- Scales in 29 to 33 rows; rostral nearly as Goop O85 DORM ee i es ee eee wy 13. steboldit, p. 11. Il. Eye separated from the labials. Seales in 25 or 27 rows; a single inter- nasal; a single pair of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial ........ 14. punetata, p. 12. Scales in 31 or 33 rows; two internasals ; two pairs of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial .............. 15. dorie, p. 13. 1. Hypsirhina indica, (Pars I. fig. 1.) ay indica, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 79 (1849). Rostral broader than deep; internasals distinct ; frontal as broad! as or narrower than the supraocular (which appears to have fused with an upper postocular), little longer than broad, as long as its: distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the: parietals ; loreal longer than deep, in contact with the internasal ;. one pre- and one postocular ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior ; the latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 173-175; anal divided; subcaudals 28-34. Dark purplish brown above, with a few interrupted, yellowish, transverse lines on the occiput and anterior part of the body; sides with yellowish (red?) vertical bars; belly yellowish Seat > spotted with black. Total length 345 millim. ; tail 4 Malay Peninsula? a,b. g (V.173; C.34) Malay Peninsula? § Gen, Hardwicke [P.]. & 2 (V. 175; OC. 28). (Types.) 2. Hypsirhina alternans. Brachyorrhos alternans, Reuss, Mus, Senckend. i. p. 155, pl. ix. fig. 8 (1834). Bar yt ”). decussata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 344, pl. xiii. figs, 14— 6 ( Miralia alternans, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 68 (1842), and Cat. p.79 (1849) ; Giinth. Cat’ p. 277 (1868), and Proc. Zool, Soo, 872, . 590. Scien alternans, Dum, § Bibr. vii. p, 957 (1854). seat alternans, Jan, Elenco, p. he (1863) ; trod. Zool, Anat, hys. iii. 1865, p. 262, and Icon. Gén. 30. pl. vi. figs. 1 & 2 (1868) ; Boetty. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892 2, p. ibs. Rostral broader than deep; internasals distinct ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and one third to once and a half as- nan in he ha oe 124. HYPSIRHINA, 5 Jong as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep, in contact with the internasal; one pre-and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior ; the latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 125-152; anal divided ; subcaudals 24-36. Dark purplish brown above, usually with more ‘or less distinct light (red?) cross-bars, the first on the occiput ; yellowish (red?) beneath, with large alternating transverse black spots or with irregular black cross-bars. Total length 465 millim. Java, Borneo. a 2 (V. 152; C.?). Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Rabdosoma borneensis, Blkr.) 4. Agr. (V. 185; C. 24). Borneo. 3. Hypsirhina plumbea. Homalopsis plumbea, Boze, Isis, 1827, p. 560; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. ae pl. xiii. figs. 12 & 13 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 101 1847). Heaths hardwickii, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 1 (1834), and Cat. p. 72 (1849). Coluber plumbeus, Eyd. § Gerv. in Guér. Mag. Zool. Cl. iii. 1837, pl. xvi. fig. 1. Hypsirhina plumbea, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 66 (1842) ; Giinth. Rept. _ Brit. Ind. p. 280 (1864); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p- 261, and Icon. Gén. 30. pl. v. fig. 2 (1868) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 182 (1876) ; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1888, p. 83; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 376, fig. (1890). Eurostus plumbeus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 955, pl. Ixxxiv. fig. 2 (1854). Rostral much broader than deep ; internasal single, broader than long; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior; latter separated by scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 120-134; anal divided; subcaudals 29-46. Brownish or greyish olive above, uniform or with a vertebral series of small ’ black spots; upper lip and lower parts white, usually with a blackish line along the middle of the tail; belly sometimes with some blackish spots, or with a median series of blackish dots. Total length 485 millim. ; tail 65. Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a-b. 3 (V. 128; C. 40) Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. & 2 (V. 129; C. 33). 6 COLUBRIDA. | e. Yg. (V. 129; 0.36). | Hong Kong. J. ip ie Esq. d-e. § (V.182; ©. 42) Hoi How, Hainan, J, Neumann, Esq. & 9 (V. 126; C. 31). [P.]. f. & (V. 181; C. 40). China. ae Fisher. Exhib.. g. 2 (V. 126; C. 88). Pachebone, Siam. M, Mouhot [C.}. h-i. og (V. 127; C. 48) — Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & 9 (V. 121; C. 36). k. Q (V. 125; C, 35). Pinang. Gen. peeks ta (Type of H. hardwickit. oh nad Cw is pene L. L. Dillwyn, Esq m-o. Hgr. d (V. 122; abuan. . L. Dillwyn : ©. 45), 2 (V. 122; (P.}. : C. 37), & yg. (V. 122; C. ny p. 3d (V.121; C. 39). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. 4, Hypsirhina jagorii. Hypsirhina (Eurostus) jagorii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 245. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; internasal single, more than twice as broad as long; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, in contact with the internasal; one pre- and two: postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales. Seales in 21 rows. Ventrals 120-128; anal divided; subcaudals 54-66. Dark olive above, with small black spots; lower half of upper labials, sides of body, and ventrals yellowish white, with a grey band running along each side of the belly on the outer ends. of the ventrals and the two outer rows of scales; subcaudals. blackish, spotted with yellowish white. Total length 510 millim. Siam. a, 3 (V. 128; C.?). Siam. -M. Mouhot [C.]. 6. 2 (V. 120; C.?). Siam. Sir R, Schomburgk [P.].. ce. Hgr. (V.122; C. 54). Siam. “Pp 7 Newman, ; 5. Hypsirhina enhydris. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xxx. (1796). Hydrus enhydris, Schneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 245 (1799). atroceruleus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 567 (isog), Enhydris cwrulea, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 202 (1802), Coluber pythonissa, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 107 (1803), Homalopsis aer, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 214, and 1827, p. 560; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 347, pl. xiii. figs, 10 & 11 (1887). rae aer, Lyd. § Gerv. in Guér, Mag. Zool, Cl. iii, 1837, pl. xvi- gs. 2 & 3, 124. HYPSIRHINA. 7 Homalopsis olivaceus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1839, p. 55. _Hypsirhina trilineata, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 66 (1842). —— bilineata, Gray, l. ¢., and Cat. p. 73. — furcata, Gray, ll. cc. aer, Gray, Cat. p. 72. Homalopsis enhydris, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 99 (1847). Hypsirhina enhydris, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 946 (1854) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 281, pl xxii. fig. K (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 61, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iii. fig. 2, & v. fig. 1 (1868) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 183 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 876 (1890). Rostral twice as broad as deep; internasal single, nearly twice as broad as long; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep, in contact with the internasal; one pre-and two (rarely one) post- oculars; temporals 1+2,; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior ; latter widely separated from each other. Scales in 21 rows, rarely 23 (specs. a,c). Ventrals 150-177 ; anal divided; subcaudals 47-78. Dark grey, brown, or olive above, with two more or less distinct light longitudinal bands ; lower parts whitish, with a blackish line along each side of the ventrals, and usually a median blackish line or series of dots. Total length 680 millim.; tail 135. Bengal, Southern India, Ceylon, Burma, Southern China, Cochin- china, Siam, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. A dark median ventral line. (H. enhydris, Schn.; H. tri- lineata, Gray.) a. @ (V. 155; C.?). India. (Type of H. trilineata.) b, oe 3 (V. 157,157; OC. India. W. Masters, Esq, [P.]. 67, 64). d-e. Yg. (V. 162, 158; Bengal (?). Dr. Cantor. C. 66, 67). Ff. 2 (V. 163; C. 60). Darjeeling (?). T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. gale UV «100 3, O. 71). Siam. A-r. Yg. (V. 170, 168, Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. 172, 170, 177, 166, 168, 166, 171, 164; C. 78, 75, 74, 74, 72, 68, 62, 64, 68, 64.) s-t. S (V. 158; C.64)& Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Q (V. 157; C. 53). u. Vis 2 (V. 168; C. Singapore. R. Swinhoe, Esq, [C.]. 69). v. 2 (V. 159; C. 63). Borneo. Leyden Museum. B. Median ventral line absent or reduced to a few widely sepa- rated dots. (H. bilineata, Gray ; H. furcata, Gray.) a. d (V. 161; C. 63). China. W. Lindsay, Esq. [P.]. : (Type of H. dilineata.) i " "™ CD 8 COLUBRID. b. aoe 2 (V. 155; C. Hong Kong. J. C. Bowring, Esq. od. Xe., (V. 185, 158; India. (‘Types of H. furcata.) ). e. 2 (V.151; C.?). eat Zoological Society. 6. Hypsirhina bennetti. Hypsirhina bennettii, Gray, Zool. Mise. 3 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 74 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 288 (1864). —— maculata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 950 (1854). —— enhydris, var. maculata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 261, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1868). Rostral broader than deep ; internasal single, small, not or but little broader than long; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and iwo postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales*. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 158-163; anal divided ; subcaudals 47-53. Greyish olive above, with large blackish spots, which may form an interrupted zigzag band along the back; upper lip, sides (three or four rows of scales), and lower parts yellowish white; outer row of scales, ventrals, and subcaudals black-edged ; a median row of small black spots on the belly. Total length 530 millim.; tail 95. China. 63; C. ad (V.1 China. G. Bennett, Esq. {[P.]. (Type.) b. g (V. 161; C. }. P). 53). China. J. 8. Bowerbank, Esq. 7. Hypsirhina chinensis. (Puare I. fig. 2.) Hypsirhina chinensis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 73 (1842), and Cat. p. 73 ( ze ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 283 (1864); Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat, 1885, p. 128. Rostral broader than deep ; internasal single, small, broader than long ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14-2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields smaller and separated by scales. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 143-151; anal divided; subcaudals 40-49. Dark grey or olive above, with small darker spots which may be confluent into * Jan represents them as in contact. 124. HYPSIRHINA,. 9 three streaks on the occiput and nape; second and third rows of scales yellowish white; ventrals, subcaudals, and outer row of scales dark grey or olive anteriorly, yellowish white posteriorly. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 70. China; Siam*. a, & (V. 150; C. 46). China. J. (ty the Esq. [P.]. b. 2 (V. 143; C. 41). China. Baier Fisher. Exhib. 1883. «¢. Figr. G3 (V. 148; C. 46). China. A. Adams, Esq. to} ad. & (VY. 150; C. 49). ny. R. Swinhoe, The td é¢ (v. T5L; C. 47). Hoi How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [| P 8. . Hypsirhina macleayi. Pseudoferania macleayi Douglas Ogitésy,Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. W. (2) v. 1890, p. 51. Bien ate eae Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; internasal single or divided, nearly twice as broad as long; frontal a little broader than the supraocular, nearly twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal triangular, longer than deep, in contact with or narrowly separated from the internasal ; one or two pre- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which separate the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 147-152; anal divided; subcaudals 38-47. Grey or brown above, with small black spots, which may be confluent into two streaks on the neck; a blackish stripe on each side of the head, body, and tail, passing through the eye; upper lip, two or three lower rows of scales, and lower parts yellowish white ; a blackish streak on each side of the belly, between the ventrals and the first row of scales, and a. broad black stripe along the lower surface of the tail. Total length 635 millim. ; tail 105. Herbert River District, Queensland. a-c. 6 (Sc. 23; V. 151; Herbert R. J. A. Boyd, Esq. [P.]. C. 48) & yg. (Sec. 23; V.152,150; C. 47,39). Sa 9. Hypsirhina polylepis. Hypsirhina polylepis, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ges. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 14. Rostral broader than deep ; internasal single or divided, twice as broad as long; frontal broader than the supraocular, twice as long as broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the * T have examined a specimen from Bangkok preserved in the Christiania Museum. 10 COLUBRID. snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; one or two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 1+3; eight upper labials, fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which separate the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 137-146; anal divided ; subcaudals 39-40. Dark olive or blackish above and on the sides, with a yellowish lateral streak along the second row of scales; belly brown, spotted with yellowish, or with a yellowish spot at the outer end of each ventral shield; tail dark, with a yellowish spot on each subcaudal shield. Total length 710 millim. ; tail 110. New Guinea. a, b-c. 9 (Se. 23; V. 148; Fly River. Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.]. C. 40) & her. (Sc. 21; V. 187, 143; C. 39, 40). 10. Hypsirhina blanfordii. eee maculata (non D. §& B.), Blanf. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 130. —— maculosa, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 226. —— blanfordi, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 377 (1890). Head short, with broad, square, truncated snout; internasal single, nearly as long as broad; frontal fully twice as long as broad, a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; only one pair of large chin-shields, the posterior pair scarcely exceeding the adjoining scales in size. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 125; anal divided; subcaudals 45. Colour blackish ashy, with a row of large irregular-shaped black spots along the back and another rather less in size, but each spot including several scales, along each side; a blackish band along the margins of the ventrals, caused by the dark edges of the shields and of the first row of scales on each side. Total length 300 millim. ; tail 45. Pegu. 11. Hypsirhina bocourtii. Hypsirhina bocourti, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 258, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. v. fig. 2 (1868). Ferania sieboldii (non Schleg.), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 28. ? Hypsirhina multilineata, Tirant, Notes Rept. Cochinch. p. 41 1885). Rostral broader than deep; a single internasal, about twice as broad as long; frontal narrow, narrower than the supraocular, at least twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower 124. HYPsIRHINA. 11 labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are very large; posterior chin-shields very small and separated by scales. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 126-130; anal divided; subcaudels- 40-48. Pale olive-brown above, with blackish cross-bands separated by narrow interspaces ; these cross-bands with roundish spots of the ground-colour in the middle, tapering to vertical bars on the sides of the body, and forming complete or interrupted rings across the belly ; upper lip, sides, and belly yellow, the labial shields black- edged. Total length 1120 millim.; tail 150. Siam. a. 2 (V. 126; C. 40). Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk [P. ]. 12. Hypsirhina albomaculata. Homalopsis albomaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 974 (1854). Hypsirhina albomaculata, Jan, Elenco, p. 77 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 259, and Icon. Gién. 28, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868). Rostral broader than deep; two internasals; each prefrontal usually longitudinally divided; frontal broader than the supra- ocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pree- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 3; nine upper labials, fifth (exceptionally fourth) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and separated by scales. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 140-150; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-48. Dark olive- brown above, with small yellowish or orange spots; one or two more or less distinct yellow cross-bars on the nape; sides and lower parts yellowish or orange, spotted with black. Total length 500 millim.; tail 60. Sumatra. a-c. d (V. 148; C. 47) & Pulo Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C. ]. a (V. 146, 141; C. 37, ). 13. Hypsirhina sieboldii. Homalopsis sieboldii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 349, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 98 (1847). Ferania sieboldii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 66 (1849) ; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p.284 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 180; Zheob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1876) ; Murray, Journ. Bomb, Soc. i. 1886, p. 219. Trigonurus sieboldii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 960 (1854). e Hypsirhina sieboldi, Jan, Elenco, p. 78 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, il. 1865, p. 260, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1868) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept., p. 877 (1890) ; W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beny. Ix. 1891, p. 245. Feranoides jamnzticus, Carlleyle, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. 1869, p. 196. 12 COLUBRID, Rostral nearly as deep as broad; two internasals; frontal broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ora little deeper than long ; one preocular, sometimes with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals small, 1+2; seven or eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small. Scales in 29 to 33 rows. Ventrals 147-156; anal divided ; sub- caudals 48-56. Whitish or pale brown above, with dark brown black-edged elliptical or rhomboidal transverse spots broader than their interspaces ; a series of round spots on each side, alternating with the dorsal spots; head with three dark brown longitudinal bands, confluent between the eyes; lower parts white, checkered with black. Total length 365 millim.; tail 67. Grows to 600 millim., India, Burma, Malay Peninsula. a. PF 83; V. 156; Bombay. Dr. Giinther [P.]. . 56). b. Yg. (Sc. 29; V. 147; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. C. 50). ' e. Hgr. ¢ (Sc. 29; V. —-? 147; C. 51). 14. Hypsirhina punctata. Phytolopsis punctata, Gray, Cat. p. 68 (1849). err heteraspis, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind, xvi. 1859, p. 440, Tachyplotus hedemanni, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1866, p. 1651, fig. Pythondpele borneensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 576. punctata, Peters, Ann. Mus, Genova, iii. 1872, p. 37; Giinth. Proce. Zool, Soc. 1872, p. 590. Homalophis doriw, var., Steind, Sitz. Ak. Wien, xcvi. i. 1887, p. 71. Hypsirhina hageni, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 20, pl. i. : Rostral slightly broader than deep; a single small internasal ; frortal not broader than the supraocular, at least twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; one or two loreals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like ; twelve to fourteen upper labials, the four or five first deep and narrow, the following divided into small shields between the labials proper and the eye and temporal shields ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are very large; posterior chin-shields small and separated by scales. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 135-156 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 28-41. Dark olive-brown above, uniform or with small yellow spots, which may form cross-bars ; one or two yellow cross-bars on the nape; a yellow transverse spot between the eyes ; yellow beneath. 125. HoMALoPpsis. 13: Total length 370 millim.; tail 40. Sumatra, Borneo. a. a (Sc. 25; V.185; C. ——?P | (Type.) ). b. Her. (Sc. 25; V.156; Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Type C. 39). ; of Eurostus heteraspis.) 15. Hypsirhina doriz. Homalophis doris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 577, and Ann, Mus. Genova, iii. 1872, p. 38, pl. v. fig. 2. Rostral as deep as broad; two internasals ; {frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; supraocular divided into two or three small shields; two loreals, deeper than long; one pre-, two or three post-, and two or three suboculars ; temporals small, scale-like; fifteen upper labials, the five or six first deep and narrow, the following mostly transversely divided ; a pair of large chin-shields, separated from the symphysial by the first and second pairs of lower labials. Scales in 31 or 33 rows. Ventrals 141; anal divided; subcaudals 45. Olive- brown above; bright yellow beneath, uniform or spotted or dotted with blackish. Total length 800 millim.; tail 120. The specimen in the Collection (tail injured) measures 450 millim. from snout to vent. Borneo. a. Q (Se. 33; V. 141; C.?). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 125. HOMALOPSIS. Homalopsis, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p.474; Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 64 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 66 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 285 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 378 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 382 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 967; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, . 256. Pythonis: Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxviii. 1859, p. 297. Maxillary teeth 11 to 18, decreasing in length posteriorly, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. Head distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first labial ; internasal single or divided; loreal present. Body cylin- drical; scales distinctly striated and keeled, without pits, in 37 to 47 rows; ventrals well developed, not keeled. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. 14 COLUBRID. Skull of Homalopsis buccata. 1. Homalopsis buccata. Merr. Beitr. ii, p. 36, pl. x. (1790) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxxiii. (1801). Coluber buccatus, Zinn, Mus, Ad. Frid. p. 29, pl. xix. fig. 3 (1754), and 8S. N. i. p. 877 (1766). subalbidus, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1103 (1788). Vipera buccata, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 220 fige'9 Coluber monilis, part., Daud. op. cit. vii. p. 59 (18038). — horridus, Daud, 1. c. p. 71. Homalopsis molurus, Kuhi, Isis, 1826, p. 213. monilis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p, 521. — buccata, cn Phys. Serp. ii. p. 837, pl. xiii. figs, 1-3 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. As 96 (1847); Gray, Cat. p. 67 (1849) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 968 (1854) ; Giinth. . Brit. Ind. p. (1864); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 256; ‘ Cat. t. Brit. Ind. p. 185 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 374, fig. (1890). —— hardwickii, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 65 (1842), and Cat. p. 67. —— semizonata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 187. Pythonia semizonata, Blyth, op. cit. xxviii. 1859, p, 297. Frontal often broken up into several shields, not much broader, sometimes even narrower than the supraocular; parietals short; loreal sometimes divided into two; one or two pre- and two post- oculars ; one to three suboculars sometimes present ; temporals small, 126. CERBERUS. 15 scale-like ; ten to twelve upper labials, fifth or sixth entering the eye or narrowly separated from it by suboculars; two or three pairs of chin-shields in a transverse row, inner in contact with the - three first lower labials. Scales in 37 to 47 rows. Ventrals 160-171; anal divided; subcaudals 70-90. Above with broad transverse dark brown, black-edged cross-bands separated by narrow pale brown interspaces, which are whitish in the young; head pale, with a triangular or Y-shaped dark brown mark on the snout, a A-shaped mark on the vertex, and a dark brown band on,each side, beginning in front of and passing through the eye ; belly whitish, with a series of dark brown spots along each side; tail brown- spotted inferiorly. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 230. Bengal (?), Burma, Indo- China, Malay Partudubil Sumatra, Borneo, Java. a. 3 (Sc. 41; V. 164; C. 83). India (?). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type of H. hardwickit.) 5, e,d. Yg. (Se. 37,41,41; Bengal (?). Cen. Hardwicke [P.]. V. 162, 160, 160; C. 82, 85, 78). “2 (Se. 47; V.169; C.?). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.}. f-h. 3 (Sc. 41; V. 168; C. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 88) & ye. (Sc. 39, 40; V. 163, 16f. C. 90, 86). a-l. Ye. (Se. 4l, 39, 37; V. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. 165, 167, 161; C. 85, 85, 76). m. & (Sc. 40; V. 168; C.77). Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq.[P.]. n. 9 (Se. 37; V. 160; C. 71). Java. Leyden Mus. 0. hae (Se. 39; V. 162; C. 81). Batavia. © (&e. 45 ; es 167; C. —Y? Haslar Collection, 85) & yg. (Se. 45; V. 170; C. 86). yr. Skull, Malacca. 126. CERBERUS. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Syst. Amph. i. p. 283 (1799). Cerberus, Cur. Regne Anim. 2nd ed. ii. p. 81 (1829); Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 64 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 63 (1849) ; Dee & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vil. p. 977 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. "Ind. p- 278 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 874 (1890). Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 3382 (1837); Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 256. Maxillary teeth 12 to 17, followed, after a very short interspace, by two slightly enlarged, grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not very distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; snout covered with shields ; parietal shields more or less broken up into scales; nasals in contact behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first or second labial; two internasals (rarely united) ; loreal 16 COLUBRIDZ, present. Body cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without pits, in 23 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate, slightly compressed ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia; North Australia. Synopsis of the Species. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; scales very strongly keeled, in 23 to 27 rows; ventrals 132-160 ...... 1. rhynchops, p. 16.. Three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; scales moderately keeled, in 25 rows; ventrals 148-149 ............ 2. australis, p. 18. ‘Three (rarely four) labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; scales rather feebl keeled, in 29 rows; ventrals 163-165 .. 3. microlepis, p. 18. 1. Cerberus rhynchops. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xvii. (1796), and ii. pl. xl. (1801). Hydrus rhynchops, Schneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 246 (1799). Elaps bowformis, Schneid. op. cit. ii. p. 801 (1801). Hydrus cinereus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 567 (1802). Hurria schneideriana, Daud. Rept. v. p. 281 (1803). Coluber cerberus, Daud. op. cit. vii. p. 167 (1803). hon rhynchops, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820). omalopsis cerberus, Fitzing. N. Class, Rept. p. 55 (1826). molurus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 218. — “a Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 841, pl. xiii. figs. 6 & 7 1837). Sater cinereus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 54; Gray, Cat. p. 64 (1849). Homalopsis rhynchops, Cantor, Cat. Mal, Rept. p. 94 (1847). Cerberus cinereus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 64. acutus, Gray, l. c. p. 65. — unicolor, Gray, /. ¢. — bowformis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 978 (1854). Homalopsis bowformis, Jan, Elenco, p. 77 (1863), and Arch, Zool.. Anat, Phys, iii. 1865, p. 257. Cerberus rhynchops, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. P. 279 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 179; Theob. Cat. . Brit. Ind, p. 185 (1876) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 3881 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 374 (1890). Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal shield distinct or broken up into small shields ; loreal usually in contact with the three or four anterior labials and with the internasal; nasal cleft extending to the first upper labial, rarely to the second; eye between four to six shields, viz. a supraocular, a preocular, one or two postoculars, and one, two, or three suboculars; nine or ten upper labials, posterior transversely divided ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller and wedged in between the anterior and the labials. Scales very strongly keeled, in 23 or 126. cERBERUS. 17 25 (rarely 27 *) rows. _ Ventrals 132-160; anal divided; subcaudals 49-72. Grey, brown, olive, or blackish above, with more or less distinct black spots or cross-bars; a black streak on each side of - the head, passing through the eye; a more or less distinct white or yellow lateral band; beneath whitish or yellowish, spotted or barred with black, or almost entirely black. Total length 980 millim.; tail 180. India and Ceylon, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, Pelew Islands. a. é Yo 25; V. 145; Ganjam. F’. Day, Esq. [P.]. 57). b. ¢ Ph ag 25; V. 147; Cocanada. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Gh C; i, é. nee (Se. 23, 25; Madras. T. CO. Jerdon, Esq. [P.}. V. 145, 146; C. 64, 62) & yg. (Se. 26 ; V. 146; C. 63). as ee a. 25; V. 147; Nilgherries. W. Theobald, Esq.[P.]. 66). g: "Ge Sie 25; V. 145; Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. te (oe: 25; V. 142; India. Dr. P. Russell. * § 64). i, k-m. Q (Se. 25; V. 145; India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. C. 56) & yg. (Sc. 23, 25, 25; V. 146, 143, 146; C. 62, 60, 60). n. 2 g (se 25 ; V. 147; ~— India. College of Surgeons. 0. S (Me... 26.5. Vo 1873 Ceylon. Messrs. v. Schlagint- Fee Se. 25; v. 1 C bac p. Her. (Se. 39; eyion. R. Templeton, Esq. ©. 55). Re g-r. 6 (Sc. 23; V. 149; —‘ Pinang. Dr, Cantor. C. 58) & yg. (Se. 23; V. 147; C. 56). s. Yg. (Se. 23 ; V. 148; ~==Pinang (?). Dr. Cantor. C. 67). t-u. g (Se. 23; V. 141, Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. |. v é - 23 ; V. 152; Deli,Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C.]. . 58). SO tO. 23; V. 125; #Engano. Dr. Modigliani [C.]. a. 3 (Se. 23; V. 145; Borneo. Leyden Museum. C. 63). (Type of C. acutus.) y. Yg. ae 23; V. 150; — Borneo. C. 6 fe Ae (So 25; V. 144; Sarawak, Sir J. Brooke [P.]. * T have examined a specimen from Trevandrum, preserved in the Travancore Museum, with 27 rows of scales. vol, III. Cc 18 COLUBRID. a, 8B. d (Se. 23; V. 154; Labuan. L, L. Dillwyn, Esq. C. 65) & yg. (Se. 23; [P.}. V. 155; C. 66). y: ay ae 23; V. 153; Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.], d-e: ¢ (Se. 23; V. 160; Placer, Mindanao. A, Everett, Esq. (C.} C. 69) & Q (Se. 25; V. 158; C.?). ¢. 2 ey 25; V. 151; Negros. Dr. A. B, Meyer [C.], n. ¢ (Sc. 23; V. 157; _ Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 59 Oh pies ; (Type of Gaia) 6,1. Q2(Sc. 25,28; V.151, ‘Philippines. Messrs. Veitch [P.}. 150; O. 55, 52). kK. é es 23; V. 158; Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.). . 66). X. ¢ (Sc. 23; V. 151; Batavia. C. 64). p. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 150; Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.}. v-&. 9 (Sc. 23; V. 146, N. Ceram. o-p. ¢ (Sc. 28; V. 151; — Pelew Ids, G. L. King, Esq. [P.]. 0. 61) & 2 (Sc. 23; V. 147, 147; C. 52, 53). ao. Skeleton. Sumatra. r. Skull. Manilla. v. Skull. Java. 2. Cerberus australis. (Puarn II. fig. 1.) Homalopsis australis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 65 (1842). ° Cerberus australis, Gray, Cat, p. 65 (1849). Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished as follows :— Nasal cleft usually extending to the second upper labial; loreal in contact with the second and third labials. not touching the inter- nasal; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, Scales in 25 rows, not so strongly keeled as in C. rhynchops. Slate- colour above, with transverse black spots, whitish and blackish beneath, with a regular series of large black blotches along each side of the belly. Total length 590 millim, ; tail 105. North Australia. a. 9 (V. 148; 0.47). Port Essington, Mr. Gilbert [C.]. a b. og (V. 149; C, 51). Port Essington. Sir J. Richardson p t 3. Cerberus microlepis. (Pxazx II, fig. 2.) Cerberus cinereus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 64 (1849), Closely allied to C. rhynchops, but only three (exceptionally four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; loreal not touching the internasal; scales much smaller, in 29 rows, rather feebly keeled; and ventrals more numerous, 163-165, Dark olive 127. nurRostus.—128. myYRon. 19 above, with darker spots ; a dark streak on each side of the head; passing through the eye; yellowish beneath, much spotted or marbled with blackish. Total length 660 millim.; tail 120. Philippine Islands. a-b. 9 (V. 165, 163; C. 61, 57). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. 127. EUROSTUS. Eurostus part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 498, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 951 (1854). : Hypsirhina, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat: Phys. iii. 1865, p. 258. Maxillary teeth 13 or 14, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth. Head small, scarcely distinct from neck ; eye small, with round (?) pupil; head-shields large; nasal semi- divided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the internasal, in contact behind the rostral; internasals distinct; loreal present. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 27 to 31 rows; ventrals narrow. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows. Bengal ? 1. Eurostus dussumieri. Eurostus dussumierl, Dum. § Bibr. vii: p. 953, pl. Ixxxiv. fig. 1 (1854), Hypsirhina dussumieri, Jan. Elenco, p. 78 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 260, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1868). Rostral broader than deep; internasals broader than long, behind the nasals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as deep as long; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; chin-shields small. Scales in 27 to 31 rows. Ventrals 144-148; anal divided; subcaudals 28-34. Pale brown above, with three blackish stripes ; ventrals and subcaudals whitish, with a median series of small black spots which may be confluent into a streak. Total length 673 millim. ; tail 71. Bengal ? 128. MYRON. Myron, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 70 (1849). Neospades, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl, vi. 1889, p. 288. Maxillary teeth about 10, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye very small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nasal semi- divided, the cleft extending from the nostril to the first or second labial ; a single internasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without pits, in 21 eZ 20 COLUBRID. rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, feebly compressed ; subcaudals in two rows. North Australia. 1. Myron richardsonii. Myron richardsonii, Gray, Cat. p. 70 (1849). Neospades kentii, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. vi. 1889, p. 288, pl. xiv. Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; frontal as long as or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; two pre- and two postoculars: temporals 14+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth or fifth entering the eye; three pairs of chin-shields in contact on the median line, the anterior in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales rather feebly keeled, in 21 rows. Ventrals 138-140; anal divided; subcaudals 30-35. Grey or olive above, with black cross-bars; head blackish; ventrals yellowish or pale brownish, edged with blackish in front, and with a more or less distinct dusky median streak. Total length 415 millim. ; tail 60. North Australia. a. 2 (V. 140; C. 35). N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson [P.}. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 140; C. 30). Port Essington. Both specimens are unfortunately in bad condition. 129. GERARDIA. Gerarda, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 77 (1849) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 379 (1890). Campylodon, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 499, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 963 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 268. Heleophis, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, p. 286, Maxillary teeth 10, very small, followed by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil ; head-shields large; nostril in an undivided nasal; a single inter- nasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. India, Burma and Ceylon. 1. Gerardia prevostiana. Coluber (Homalopsis) prevostianus, Fyd. §& Gerv. in Guér, Mag. Zool., Cl. ili. 1887, pl. xiii., and Voy. Favorite, y. Zool. p. 70, pl. xxix, (1839). Gerarda bicolor, Gray, Cat. p. 77 (1849); Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. HT, (4) i. 1868, p. 421; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1876), 130. FoRDONIA. 21 Campylodon prevostianum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 964 (1854); Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 263, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1868) ; #. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 700. Heleophis flavescens, J. Mull. Verh. Nat, Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, p. 286, l. v. fig. 2. Gaesdis Tea balieen, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 379 (1890) ; Haly, Journ, As. Soc. Ceyl. xi, 1892, p. 197. Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal slightly longer than deep, a little smaller than the nasal; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much larger than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 146-148; anal divided; subcaudals 31-34. Uniform dark olive or grey above ; three outer series of scales white; upper lip white, rostral dark olive; ventrals and subcaudals grey or whitish, with dark edges. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 65. Coasts of India, Ceylon, and Burma. a. o (V. 154; C. 33). Bandora, Bombay Coast. H. M. Phipson, Esq. P b-c. ¢ (V. 153, 148; Bassein R., Pegu. ¢ “Theobald, Esq. C. 33, 84). [1]. d. 3 (V. 146; C.33). ——P (Type of G. bicolor.) 130. FORDONTIA. Homalopsis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 332 (1837). Fordonia, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 76 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 378 (1890). . Hemiodontus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 882 (1854). Hemiodontus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 263, Maxillary teeth small, 7 or 8, followed by two enlarged grooved teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large ; nostril in an undivided or semidivided nasal; a single inter- nasal, separating the nasals; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits,in 25 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals all or part in two rows. From Burma and Cochinchina to New Guinea and North Australia. 1. Fordonia leucobalia. Homalopsis leucobalia, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 345, pl. xiii. figs. 8 & 9 (1837); Schleg. § Mill. Verh. Nat. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt., Rept. p- 61, pl. viii. (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 102, pl. xl. fig. 5 (1847). =e ar a 22 COLUBRID. Fordonia leucobalia, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 67 (1842), and Cat. p. 77 (1849); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 378 (1890); W. L. Selater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p- O45. unicolor, Gray, Cat. 77: Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864), and Zool. Ree. 1A85, p.’ 154; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p- he (1876); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, Fatlontis leucobalia, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 884 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 264, and Icon, Gén, 28, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1868). chalybeus, Jan, Elenco, p. 79 (1863), and Ul. ec, pl. vi. fig. 3. Fordonia bicolor, 7heob. Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 1868, p. 56, and Cat. Rept, Brit. Ind. p. 181. —— variabilis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S, W. ii. 1878, p. 219. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; one prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+3 or 2+3; five upper labials, third entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are small and a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 130-156, last frequently divided; anal divided ; subcaudals 26-43. Coloration of upper parts very variable; lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 930 millim.; tail 110. Rivers and Coasts of Bengal, Burma, Cochinchina, Malay Archi- pelago, New Guinea, and North Australia. A. Black above, with or without small yellowish-white spots. (FP. leucobalia, Schl.) a, 2 2 25; V. 155; Nicobars. bet Blanford, Esq. ye 29). ab b-c. ¢ (Sc. 25; V.148; N. Coast of Australia. nt . ‘Alert,’ CO. 37 ) & Q (Se. 25; - 147; C. 28). . 3 (Se. 25; V.148; N. Australia. ee Levey ar 38). .}. B. Yellow or pale reddish above, spotted or marbled with black. a-c, g (Sc. 25; V.145, Port Darwin, N. Aus-- RB. G. 8. Buckland, 146; 0. 33,39) & 9 tralia. Esq. [P.]. (Sc.25; V.149; 0.32). C. Red above, with a black vertebral stripe ; head black. a. & (Sc. 25; V.143; N. Coast of Australia. H.M.S. ‘ Alert,’ CO, 39). D. Brown above, with or without small black spots, gradually passing to yellowish on the sides. (J. unicolor, Gray.) a. 9 1 29; V.155; Burma. H. a Goertz, Esq. b. % (Se. 27; V. 152; Cochinchina. C, E. Cox-Smith, C. 32). Esq. [P.]. 131. CANTORIA. 23 ce. 2 Be 29; V.146; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. d. o {es 27; V.153; Borneo. . Sir E. Belcher [P.]. é. Ci oF 25; V.148; Borneo. oes G4 + Ge. 27; V.147; Niah, Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. g: & ao 27; V.156; Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. oO (Se. 27, 25; V. N. Ceram. ai 146; C. 32, 34). | k. se se 25 ; Vv. 156; Fly R., New Guinea. Hey. S. Macfarlane 28). sh L 81s (Se. 27; V. 138; Port Moresby. eS. &. Turner [C.]. 84). | Fordonia papuensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 35, from Katow, New Guinea, is possibly a synonym of the above species. The exclusion of the third labial from the eye may be an individual anomaly ; whilst the number (22) of series of scales given in the description may not be the highest to be found on the specimen. 131. CANTORIA. Cantoria, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 156 (1858); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p. 880 (1890). Hydrodipsas, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 270. Hemiodontus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 263. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, last longest and grooved; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil ; head-shields large ; nostril in a semidivided nasal, the cleft of which extends to the prefrontal; a single internasal, separating the nasals; loreal present. Body extremely elongate, slightly compressed ; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Borneo. 1. Cantoria violacea. Cantoria violacea, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 156, pl. xi. figs. 7-10 (1858) ; Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 312; Liitk. Vidensk. Meddel. 1866, p. 151; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rent. p- 880, fig. (1890). Hydrodipsas elapiformis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 270, pl. —. fig. 1. Cantoria elongata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 277 (1864). Hemiodontus elapiformis, Jan, Elenco, P- 79 (1863), Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1865, p. 265, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1868). Cantoria elapiformis, Gtinth. Zool, Ree. 1868, p. 124, dayana, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 208, OS a a ee a eS ane 24 COLUBRID. 1. xi. fig. 5; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 178; Theob. Cat. t. Brit. Ind. p. 181 (1876). Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals; eye between four shields, viz., a preocular, a supraocular, a postocular, and a subocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one elongate anterior temporal, in contact with the postocular and the subocular ; five upper labials; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are not longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 266-278; anal divided; subcaudals 56-64. Blackish above, with white transverse bands which widen towards the abdomen; these bands are very narrow in the typical form, wider in the var. dayana (spec. a), but constantly much narrower than the black interspaces; some white spots on the head; lower parts white, with greyish spots, the continuation of the dorsal bands ; these bands may form complete rings on the tail. Total length 830 millim.; tail 110. Mouth of the Moulmein River, Burma; Singapore; Borneo. a. 2 (V. 266; C. 57). es 132. HIPISTES. Hipistes, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 77 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p.286 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 381 (1890), Bitia, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 63. Maxillary teeth 8 or 9, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged grooved teeth. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields small, parietals broken up into numerous shields ; nostril a transverse slit between two nasals ; a single internasal, separating the nasals ; a loreal. Body elongate, slightly compressed ; scales smooth, without pits, juxtaposed or subimbricate, in 35 to 43 rows; ventrals narrow, with two sharp keels. ‘Tail short, feebly compressed ; sub- caudals in two rows. Coasts of Burma, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula, 1. Hipistes hydrinus. a Aear is hydrina, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 104, pl. xl. fig. 4 (1847). Bitia hydroides, Gray, Cat. p. 63 (1849). Hipistes fasciatus, Gray, |. ¢. p. 78. —— hydrinus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 287, pl. xxiv. fig. H (1864) ; Stoliezka, Journ. As, Soc, rie Say 1870, p. 207; Anders. Proe. Zool, Soc, 1871, p. 181; . Cat. Rept. Brit, Ind, p, 184 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 382, fig. (1890). Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; frontal narrow, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of 133. HERPETON, . 25 the snout; eye between four shields, viz. a supraocular, a preocular, a subocular. and a small postocular ; seven upper labials; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields extremely small. Scales in 35 to 43 rows. Ventrals 153-165 ; anal divided; subcaudals 22-35. Pale grey or brownish above, with black cross-bands as broad as the interspaces between them or narrower; lower parts white. Total length 485 millim.; tail 50, Mouths of rivers and coasts of Pegu, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula. a-b. 3 (Se. 87; V. 160; C. 34) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & yg. (Sc. 39; V. 155; C. 35). ce. 2 (Se. 48; V.160; C. 27). Pinang. F. Day, Esq. [P.]. d. g (Se. 41; V.160; C.31). Bangxok. Christiania Museum. e . 6 (Sc. 39; V. 165; C. 33). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.}. St. & (Se. 39; V. 157; C. 33). P (Type of Bitia hydroides.) g. 2 (Se. 89; V.161; C. 24). —? (Type of Hipistes fasciatus.) h. Q (Se. 41; V. 161; C. 27). —P? 133. HERPETON. Erpeton, Lacép. Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. ii. 1800, p. 169, and Ann. Mus. ii. 1803, p. 280; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 62 (1849) ; Dum, §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 983 (1854). _ Rhinopirus, Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 81 (1820). Herpeton, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 169 (1880) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 115, and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) viii. 1861, p. 266, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 288 (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 255. Homalopsis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 332 (1837). Maxillary teeth 12 or 13, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of slightly enlarged grooved teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, with two long, scaly, rostral appendages ; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; head-shields large; nostril in a semidivided nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a series of small scales ; loreal region covered with small scales; no regular chin-shields. Body cylindrical; scales strongly keeled, in 37 rows ; ventrals very narrow, bicarinate. Tail moderate, covered with uniform keeled scales. Cochinchina and Siam. 1. Herpeton tentaculatum. Erpeton tentaculatus, Lacép, Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. ii. 1800, p. 169, and Ann. Mus, ii. 1803, p. 280, pl. 1.; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 246, pl. Ixxxyi. (1803); Gwér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xx. fig. 3 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 68 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 984 (1854). Rhinopirus erpeton, Merr. Tent. p. 82 (1820). Homalopsis herpeton, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 359 (1837), and Abbild. p. 50, pl. xvi. (1839). Herpeton tentaculatum, Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. i. (1860); Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1860, p. 114, pl. xxiii. ; Cornalia, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 26 COLUBRID, (2) xiii. 1861, p. 145; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 902, and 1863, p. 247 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 288 (1864); Bocourt, N. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 6; Morice, Ann. Sc. Nat. (6) ii. 1875 art. 5, pl. xx.; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1882, p. 74. Rostral very small; a pair of preefrontals, separated from the nasals by small shields; frontal slightly longer than broad, shorter than the parietals, separated from the supraoculars by a series of small shields; 13 to 15 upper labials, separated from the eye by a series of suboculars ; temple covered with small keeled scales. Scales strongly keeled, in 37 rows. Ventrals 110-136, only twice as large as a scale; anal divided. A broad dark brown vertebral band, with more or less regular black transverse lines; a dark brown lateral stripe, extending to the snout and passing through the eye, separated from the vertebral band by a yellowish-brown band; yellowish beneath, with two dark brown longitudinal stripes, , Total Jength 610 millim. ; tail 170. Cochinchina and Siam, in brackish water. a-b. 2 (V. 126) & yg. (V. 133). Siam, M. Mouhot [C. }. Alluaudina (infra, p. 38) should perhaps be referred to this Subfamily. See Mocquard, Bull. Soc, Philom. (8) vii. 1895, p- 124. Subfam. 5. DIPSADOMORPHINA. Coronelle, part., Colubrini, part., Dendrophide, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510. Oxycéphaliens, Sténocéphaliens, Scytaliens, Dipsadiens, Anisodon- tiens, part., Duméril, Mém. Ac. Sc, xxiii. p. 427, 1858; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 796, 1854. Calamaride, part., Coronellidee, part., Dryadide, part., Psammo- age Dendrophide, part., Dryiophide, Dipsadide, part., Scyta- ide, Giinther, Cat. Col. Sn. 1858, Calamaride, part., Probletorhinide, part., Coronellide, part., Potamo- Pee. part., Psammophide, Dryophilide, part., Scytalide, part., ipsadide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. 1863. Calamaride, part., Colubridw, part., Psammophide, Dendrophide, part., Dryiophidw, Dipsadide, Giinther, Rept. Brit, Ind. 1864. Trimerorhini, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 118, 1882. Calamarina, part., Scytaline, Philodryadinw, Dryophidinw, Psam- 7 as cane Dipsadinew, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiii, p. 484, 1886 Dipsadine Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 356, 1890. Dipaadines Scytalina, SeyihrelalepHines Cope, Trans, Amer. Philos, . xviii, p. 207, 1895. Nostrils lateral; dentition well developed. Cosmopolitan, except the northern parts of the Northern Hemi- sphere. Terrestrial, arboreal, or subaquatic, DIPSADOMORPHIN &. 27 Synopsis of the Genera. I. Hypapophyses present throughout the vertebral column, represented on the posterior dorsal vertebre by a more or less developed crest or tubercle projecting below the condyle. A. Solid maxillary teeth equal or subequal. 1. Pupil round; body cylindrical ; scales smooth. Mandibular teeth subequal ; scales without pits. 134. Geodipsas, p. 32. Anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged; scales without pits ; subcaudals single .......... 135. Hologerrhum, p. 33. Anterior mandibular teeth longest ; scales with apical pits. 136, Ithycyphus, p. 34. 2. Pupil vertical. a. Kye moderate ; body cylindrical. Snout ending in a long scaly appendage ; scales keeled. 137. Langaha, p. 35. Snout without appendage; scales strongly keeled. 138. Alluaudina, p. 38. Snout without appendage; scales smooth; a series of suboculars. 139. Eteirodipsas, p. 38. b. Eye large; body compressed ; scales smooth. 140. Stenophis, p. 39. B. Solid maxillary teeth very unequal; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged; pupil vertical. Body compressed ; scales smooth ; tail long. 141. Lycodryas, p. 44. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or obtusely keeled ; tail moderate, with single subcaudals ; nostril between nasal and supranasal, 142, Pythonodipsas, p. 45. Body cylindrical; scales smooth ; tail short, with single subcaudals. 143. Ditypophis, p. 46. II. Hypapophyses absent in the posterior dorsal vertebra. A. Solid maxillary teeth gradually decreasing in length, the anterior much longer than the posterior; head distinct from neck ; pupil vertical. 1. Vertebral scales not enlarged. Body cylindrical or ae compressed; scales oblique; no sub- SOUIATS os. eat ads ce 144, Tarbophis, p. 47, 28 COLUBRID. Body compressed ; scales slightly oblique; usually a subocular below the preocular and loreal divided. 145. Trimorphodon, p. 53. Body compressed ; scales straight; no suboculars, 146. Lycognathus, p. 56. 2. Seales of vertebral row enlarged. 147. Trypanurgos, p. 58. _ B. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or gradually increasing in length; head more or less distinct from neck; pupil vertical. 1. Scales more or less oblique, vertebral row more or less enlarged. Subcaudals in two rows........ 148. Dipsadomorphus, p. 59. Subcaudals single ..... SEs 149. Dipsadoboa, p. 81. 2. Scales not oblique. a. Ventral shields strongly angulate laterally; scales strongly keeled .. 150. Rhinobothryum, p. 82. b. Ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate. a. Nostril between two nasals. * Body very slender, strongly compressed ;_ scales very narrow. 151. Himantodes, p. 83. ** Body cylindrical or moderately compressed, tT Maxillary teeth gradually and feebly increasing in length ; posterior nasal concave. Body cylindrical or moderately compressed ; loreal not entering the DTG Shas: '<'s spe Re PRA 152. Leptodira, p. 88. Body compressed; loreal entering the eye. 153. Chametortus, p. 98. tt Maxillary teeth equal; body cylindrical or feebly compressed. Anterior mandibular teeth longest. 154, Oxyrhopus, p. 99. Mandibular teeth subequal; rostral shield with sharp horizontal |, eee e et Cr 155. Rhinostoma, p. 114, f. Nasal entire or semidivided ; body cylindrical. * Scales with apical pits. + Maxillary teeth 10 to 18, subequal. Mandibular teeth subequal; eye large. 156. Thamnodynastes, p. 115, Anterior mandibular teeth longest ; eye moderate. 157, Tachymenis, p. 117. DIPSADOMORPHIN &. 29 tt Maxillary teeth 9 or 10, increasing in length ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged ; eye small. 158. Hemirhagerrhis, p. 119. ** Scales without pits; maxillary teeth 15, equal; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. 159. Manolepis, p. 120. C. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or increasing in length to the last; head more or less distinct from neck; pupil round or horizontal; scales with apical pits. 1. Solid maxillary teeth 10 or more, separated from the grooved fangs by an interspace. a. Pupil round. 7 a. Anterior mandibular teeth not enlarged; nasal entire or semidivided. Maxillary teeth gradually increasing in size. 162. Amplorhinus, p. 124. Maxillary teeth equal ........ 163. Pseudablabes, p. 126. 3. Anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Maxillary teeth subequal; scales more or less oblique; nostril between two nasals ........ 164. Philodryas, p. 127. Last solid maxillary tooth very large, fang-like. 165. Ialtris, p. 137. Maxillary teeth subequal; nostril between two nasals and the inter- BAGG ss davies chy iivves und 166. Trimerorhinus, p. 138. Maxillary teeth subequal; nostril in a single or divided nasal ; scales more or less distinctly grooved. 167. Colopeltis, p. 141. 6. Pupil horizontal ; scales very oblique ; body compressed. 176, Thelotornis, p. 184. 2. Solid maxillary teeth 17 to 20, not separated from the grooved fangs, which are feebly enlarged; scales more or less oblique; body compressed. Ventrals rounded; pupil round . 178. Oxybelis, p. 189. Ventrals and subcaudals with suture-like lateral keel; pupil margontal tle decane cs hx cose 179. Dryophiops, p. 193. - Ventrals and subcaudals with suture-like lateral keel ; pupil round, 180. Chrysopelea, p. 195. 3. Solid maxillary teeth 4 to 9; grooved fangs very large. Eye large; scales oblique...... 160. Tomodon, p. 120. Eye moderate ; scales forming straight longitudinal series. 168. Rhamphiophis, p. 144. Eye extremely large ; scales very oblique. , 177. Dispholidus, p. 186. 30 . COLUBRID. D. Solid maxillary teeth unequal, the middle ones the longest. 1. Solid maxillary teeth forming an uninterrupted series ; pupil round. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, gradually decreasing in size in front and PO cee en hns Sea re as 6 169. Dromophis, p. 149. Maxillary teeth 14, middle ones much enlarged. 170. Taphrometopon, p. 151. 2. Longest solid maxillary teeth followed by a gap. a. Pupil round; scales with apical pits. Loreal in contact with the preocular. 171. Psammophis, p. 152. Loreal separated from the preocular by the prefrontal. 172. Mimophis, p. 171. b. Pupil vertically subelliptic. Eye rather large ; scales without apical pits. 173. Psammodynastes, p. 172. Eye rather small; scales with apical pits. 174, Macroprotodon, p. 175. c. Pupil horizontal ; scales very oblique, with apical pits. 175. Dryophis, p. 177. E. Solid maxillary teeth subequal or increasing in Jength to the last; head not or but slightly distinct- from neck ; pupil round; scales without apical pits. 1, Subcaudals in two rows. a. Solid maxillary teeth 10 to 15, the grooved fangs below or just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye. a. Grooyed maxillary teeth very large; anterior mandibular teeth longest. 161. Conophis, p. 122. f. Grooved maxillary teeth feebly or moderately enlarged; mandibular teeth equal. * Internasals distinct from nasals; two prefrontals. + Loreal present. Eye moderate ; tail moderate or long; nostril between two nasals, 181. Erythrolamprus, p. 199. Eye small; tail moderate ; nasal entire or semidivided. 182. Hydrocalamus, p. 209. Kye small; tail short; nostril between two nasals. 183. Scolecophis, p. 210. DIPSADOMORPHIN &, 31 tt Loreal absent. Rostral moderate ............ 184. Homalocranium, p. 212. Rostral very large, prominent .. 185. Ogmius, p. 228. ** Tnternasals united with anterior nasals. 186. Stenorhina, p. 229. *** Tnterndsals distinct ; a single prefrontal ; vertebree with shield-like neural expansions. 187. Xenopholis, p. 231. t. Maxillary very short, with 2 to 5 solid teeth ; grooved teeth below or in advance of the eye. a. No anterior temporal; parietals in contact with labials. * Palate toothed. No internasals; nasal entire, moderate. 188. Apostolepis, p. 232. No internasals ; nasal entire, very small. | 191. Amblyodipsas, p. 244. Internasals distinct ; nasal divided or semidivided. 193. Calamelaps, p. 245. ** Palate toothless. Internasals distinct ; no preocular. 194. Rhinocalamus, p. 247. No internasals ; nasal i in contact with an elongate preocular. 195. Xenocalamus, p. 247. B. Postocular in contact with a temporal. * Nasal in contact with the rostral. t+ Nasal single. No internasals ; loreal present .. 189. Elapomoius, p. 237. No loreal; a preocular........ 190. Elapomorphus, p. 238. No loreal; no preocular ...... 196. Micrelaps, p. 248. +7 Nostril between two nasals. ‘ 192. Elapotinus, p. 244. ** First labial in contact with the internasal, 197. Miodon, p. 249. 2. Subcaudals single. a. Maxillary very short, with 2 to 4 solid teeth. a. First labial in contact with the internasal. No occipital shield............ 198. Polemon, p. 253. A large azygous occipital shield.. 199. Brachyophis, p. 254. 32 COLUBRID. f. Nasal in contact with the rostral. 200. Macrelaps, p. 255. 6. Maxillary short, with 6 to 10 solid teeth. Posterior maxillary teeth large and strongly grooved. 201. Aparallactus, p. 255. Posterior maxillary teeth feebly enlarged and feebly grooved. 202. Elapops, p. 262. 134. GEODIPSAS. Maxillary teeth 14 or 15, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. 1. Geodipsas infralineata. (Pxare III. fig. 1.) Tachymenis infralineatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. N. (5) ix. 1882, p. 265. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal trapezoidal, as long as deep; one pre- and’ two post- oculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-187; anal entire; subcaudals 55-62. Brown above, uniform or with small blackish spots; a black streak along the upper surface of the tail and the posterior part of the back; a dark streak on each side of the head, behind the eye, and another in the middle, from tlie frontal to the occiput ; lower parts yellow, with some brown dots and a continuous or interrupted brown streak along the middle of the belly and tail.. Total length 760 millim. ; tail 150, Madagascar. a. 9 (V. 187; C. 62). E. Betsilio. Rev. W. D. Cowan (0. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 172; C. 55). E. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]}. 2. Geodipsas boulengeri. Tachymenis boulengeri, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. vii. 1892, no, 112, p- 4. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- ‘ 2. * eS ee | 135. HOLOGERRHUM, 33 nasals broader than long, a little smaller than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two superposed — loreals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior, Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 137; anal entire; sub- caudals 31. Brown above, with scattered small yellow spots ; lips, sides, and outer ends of ventrals closely dotted with blackish ; each labial with a round yellow spot; a crescentic yellow marking on each side of the neck, just behind the head; belly and lower surface of tail bright yellow. Total length 348 millim.; tail 48. Andrangoloka, Madagascar. 135. HOLOGERRHUM. Hologerrhum, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 186 (1858). Maxillary teeth 20, equal, followed, after a short interspace, by a. pair of enlarged, grooved fangs ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column, Philippine Islands. 1. Hologerrhum philippinum. Hologerrhum philippinum, Giinth. Cat. p. 186 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 171, pl. xviii. fig. B.* Cyclochorus maculatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1870). Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the- posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 144; anal entire; sub- caudals 40. Brown above, with a few alternating black spots on the anterior part of the back, and one or two black cross-bars behind the head; a black streak on each side of the head; passing through the eye; upper lip yellowish; a black line on each side of the posterior part of the body and of the tail; lower parts yellowish, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral shield; on the tail these dots are confluent into a line. * The specimen from Placer, Mindanao, referred to this species by Giinther- (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 78), belongs to Cyclocorus lineatus, e VOL. Ill, D ew ee ee eee ee : hes i a a be ae | ; 34 COLUBRID. Total length 280 millim. ; tail 52. Philippine Islands. a. 2 (V. 144; C. 40). Philippines. H, Tene Esq. [C.]. (Type. 136. ITHYCYPHUS. Coluber, , Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1837). ati cy part., Schleg. l. ec. p. 173 Dryophylax, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1103 (1854). Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 128 1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 83 ( 1863). Ithycyphus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xi. 1873, p. 374. Maxillary teeth 15 to 18, subequal, followed, after a short inter- space, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 rows ; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. 1. Ithycyphus goudoti. Herpetodryas goudotii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p: 187 (1837). Dryophylax goudotii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1122 (1854). Philodryas goudotii, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). sari! ra caudolineatus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) xi. 1873, P Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from shows ; inter- nasals longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal bell-shaped, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice to thrice as long as deep; one prmocular (sometimes divided), in contact with the frontal ; three postoculars ; temporals 14+2 or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 170-209; anal divided; subcaudals 121-175. Yellowish or pale brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct angular or arrowheaded black markings; some of the scales may be white-edged ; upper lip yellow; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; two more or less distinct black streaks on each side of the tail; belly yellowish or pale brown, uniform or spotted with black ; tail frequently with a black line along its lower surface. Total length 830 millim.; tail 340. Madagascar. a-d. 3 (V. 170, 175; S. Madagascar. es of I. caudo- C. 128, 165) & 9 te tus.) V. 181, 180; 0.?, 70). 137. LANGAHA. 35 é. & (V. 175; C. 162). Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.}. SJ. & (V. 170; C. 164). Sahambendrana. M. Majastre [C.]. g Q (V.176; C.144). Antongil Bay. L. ‘oo Esq. [P.]. A, Skull of e. 2. Ithycyphus miniatus. Coluber miniatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p.148 (1837), and Abbild. p- 104, pl. xxviii. figs. 12-16 (1844). Dryophylax miniatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. P: 1120 (1854). Philodryas miniatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 84 (1863) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 18, and 1879, p. 464, and xii, 1881, p. 444. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal bell-shaped, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 2+3); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the: posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 195-212; anal divided; subcaudals 128-164. Greyish, yellowish, or reddish, uniform or with small darker and lighter variegations; posterior part of body and tail sometimes bright red; sides of head and neck sometimes with a blackish streak, passing through the eye; labials yellowish, some- _ times edged with blackish ; belly more or less closely speckled with brown. Total length 1230 millim.; tail 400. Madagascar ; Comoro Islands. a. 9 (V. 198; C. 158). Madagascar. b-e. 3 (V. 202, 202 ; Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. C. 160, 160) & Q (V. 207, 195 ; C. ?, 138). 137. LANGAHA. Langaha, Brugniére, Journ. de Phys. xxiv. 1784, p. 182; Lacép. Serp. i. p. 469 (1789); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 237 (1803); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 802 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 161 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco a Ofid. p . 89 (1863). Xyphorhynchus, Wagl. Syst. Avighap . 184 (1830). Dryiophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. # p. 241 (1837). Maxillary teeth 15 or 16, subequal, followed by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior palatine and mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck, suout with small shields, ending in a long scaly appendage ; eye moderate, with vertical pupil; nasal entire. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, D2 36 COLUBRID, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angu- late laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in tworows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. Maxillary and mandible of Langaha nasuia. Synopsis of the Species. Rostral appendage twice as long as the snout, ensiform, not serrated ........ 1. nasuta, p. 36, Rostral appendage once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the snout, tapering to a sharp point, and serrated above at the end .........00cecaee 2. intermedia, p. 37. Rostral appendage not more than once and a half as long as the snout, serrated above and beneath .............08- 3. erista-galli, p. 37. 1. Langaha nasuta. Brugnitre, Journ. de Phys. xxiv. 1784, p. 182, pl. ii. Langaha nasuta, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xxii. pl. emlxviii, —(?); Giinth. Cat. p. 162 (1858) ; Boetig. Abh. Senck, Ges, xi, 1878, p. 270, and 1879, p. 467, and xii. 1881, p. 447. Amphisbena langaha, Schneid. Hist. Amph, ii. p. 357 (1801). Langaha madagascariensis, Daud. peg vii. PS 40 (1803). Dryiophis langaha, awe. § Phys. Serp ah 8 (1837), pen Abbild. p- 20, pl. vii., & pl. viii. figs. 7-11 (183 ). Langaha ensifera, um. § Bibr. vii. : 803 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén- 33, pl. vi. fig.'2 (1869). Head narrow and elongate, ending in a long, ensiform, three- edged rostral appendage, covered with imbricate scales, which gradu- ally tapers to a sharp point; the length of this appendage about twice the length of the snout, and five to six times its basal depth ; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep; a pair of more or less regular, enlarged prefrontal shields; frontal narrow, its anterior width about equal to the posterior width of the supraocular ; one, two, or three loreal shields; two pre- and four postoculars; tem- porals small, scale-like; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; three pairs of chin-shields bordering the mental groove. Scales rather strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 145- 152; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 136-153, Pale brown to brick-red above, uniform, or with ill-defined small black spots ; upper lip and lower parts yellow or orange, the belly and tail 137. LANGAHA, 37 sometimes dotted with blackish ; a fine yellowish-white line, edged above with brown or black, extends on each side from below the nasal shield to the anterior third of the body, where it is gradually. lost. Total length 950 millim. ; tail 410. Madagascar. a. Hgr. (V. 150; C.141), Madagascar. Paris Museum [E. }. b. gS (V. 152; C. 148). Madagascar. c-d, g (V. 149; C.? )&yg. Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. (V. 148; C. 137 ). é. o (VY. 150; C. ?). Antongil Bay. —L. Pj Ransome, Esq, PP al J. & (V. 147; C. 142). Nossi Bé. ‘g- Skull of f.’ 2. Langaha intermedia. Langaha 2 aes Bouleng. Ann. § Mag.'N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 105, pl. v. fig. 6 Intermediate between L. nasuta and L. crista-galli. Rostral appendage once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the snout, tapering to a sharp point, feebly serrated at the end, its basal depth contained four to five times in its length. Ventrals 142-147 ; subcaudals 120-135. Grey-brown above and beneath, speckled with dark brown or black and with more or less distinct traces of lighter, dark-edged cross-bars on the sides; no light lateral streak. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 315. Madagascar. a. 9 (V. 142; C. 125). Nossi Bé. (Type.) 3, s (Vi 146, 147; C. 135, Madagascar. 29). d. Ye (V. 147; C. 120). Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.], 3. Langaha crista-galli. Langaha ecrista-galli, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 806, pl. Ixxi. (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 162 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1869) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1879, p. 465. Differs from the two preceding in having the rostral appendage much deeper, obtuse or rounded, and strongly serrated at the end; its length once and one third to once and a half that of the snout, ~ its greatest depth two to three times in its length; the serrations forming one crest above and two below the distal half of the appendage. Ventrals 146-149; subcaudals 119-142. Grey- brown or reddish above and beneath, more or less speckled with dark brown, and with a lateral series of more or less distinct whitish, dark-edged spots alternating with those on the other side ; no light lateral streak. 388 COLUBRID. Total length 800 millim.; tail 315. Madagascar. a. o (V. 146; C. 119). 8.E. Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [0.]. b. 2 (V. 148; 0.129). Madagascar. Christiania Museum.. e, od (V. 146; C. 142). Madagascar. 138. ALLUAUDINA. Alluaudina, Mocquard, CR. Soc, Philom. 1894, no. 17, p. 9. Mandibular teeth small and equal. Head very distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal indistinctly divided. Body rounded ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 25 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail moderate; subcaudals single. Madagascar. 1. Alluaudina bellyi. Alluaudina bellyi, Mocquard, J. ¢. Head broad, much depressed. Rostral twice as broad as deep, not extending to the upper surface of the snout; internasals very short ; prefrontals very large, as long as broad; frontal as broad as. long, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular small; loreal a little longer than deep; two pre- and three postoculars; temporals scale-like,. keeled ; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales rugose and strongly keeled, in 25 rows. Ventrals 161; anal entire; subeaudals 68. Purplish brown above, with a lateral series of _ darker spots along the flanks; lower parts greyish white, with square black spots, partly confluent and disposed irregularly. Total length 312 millim.; tail 73. Ambre Mt., Saccaranii Valley, Madagascar. 139. ETEIRODIPSAS. Dipeas, part, Schley. Phys. Serp ii. p. 357 (1887); Dum. § Bibr. ‘p. Gén, vii. p. 1133 (1854). Eteirodipsas, part., Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 105 (1868). Maxillary teeth 14 to 16, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertical pupil, separated from the labials by suboculars, Body cylindrical ; scales. smooth, with apical pits, in 25 to 29 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar. 140. sTENoPHIs. 39 1. Eteirodipsas colubrina. ? Seba, Thes. i. pl. xix. fig. 7 (1784). ? Coluber nepa, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 97 (1768). Dipsas colubrina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. il. p. 278 (1837), and Abbild. . 136, pl. xlv. figs. 75136 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1146 1853) ; F oetty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 448. Eteirodipsas colubrina, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 39, pli. fig. 1 (1872); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 16, 187 , Pp 271, & 1879, p. 467. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep ; two preoculars, upper largest and in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars; three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 3+2or 3; eight or nine upper labials ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 176-202; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 44-71, afew of which may be entire. Pale brown, yellowish, or greenish yellow above, with dark brown or black spots arranged quincuncially ; amore or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head behind the eye; uniform yellowish white beneath. — Total length 860 millim. ; tail 120. Madagascar; Bourbon (?). a. a ° 27; V.192; A.2; Madagascar. Prof. A. Newton [P.]. b. 8 (Se. 27 ; V. 189; A.1; Madagascar. Rev. T. Ellis [P.]. at i (Se. 29; V.200; A.1; Madagascar. J. Caldwell, Esq. [P. |. C. 59) & 2 (Se. 25; V. 184; ‘A. 2; C. 50). é. é (Se. 29; V.194; A.2; Madagascar. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. i. Her. lsc. 27; V.195; A.2; Tamatave. M. Majastre [C. ]. oe (Se 27; V.192; A.2; E.Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]. *O.8 1). h-t. 5 (Se. 27; V.195; A. ie Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. C. 51) & yg. (Se. 7 197; A. 2; C. 44). k. @ skeleton. E. Imerina. Rey. J. Wills [C.]. 140. STENOPHIS. Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837). Heterurus (non Hodgs.), part., Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 538, and Erp, Gén. vii. p. 1168 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p . 103 ( 1863). Disaadobos, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 182 (1858). Maxillary teeth 13 or 14, equal, followed, after an interspace, by 40 COLUBRID, a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 to 25 rows, the scales of the middle row slightly, if at all, enlarged ; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals single or paired. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar; Comoro Islands. Synopsis of the Species. J. Scales in 17 or 19 rows; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals. A, Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 187; subcaudals 67 pairs. 1. guentheri, p. 40. B. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 228-276. Posterior chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior, and in contact with each other; ventrals 229-248; subcaudals 107-122, all or greater part in pairs .. 2. granuliceps, p. 41. Posterior chin-shields larger than the anterior and in contact with each other ; ventrals 228; subcaudals 110, greatér TG AM PORTO Ks 3 oc 5 2 Senet ely vies oak 3. inornatus, p. 42. Posterior chin-shields shorter than the anterior and separated by scales; ven- trals 255-276; subcaudals 93-116, all , or greater part single ............0+ 4, gaimardii, p. 42. C. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 243; subcaudals 126, single. 5. maculatus, p. 43. II, Scales in 21 to 25 rows; internasals nearly as long as, or a little longer than, the prefrontals. A, Loreal separated from the eye by the preocular; subcaudals 152-159, single. Posterior chin-sbields large and in contact ~ with each other; ventrals 225-236 .... 6. arctifasciatus, p. 43. Posterior chin-shields very small or absent ; subcaudals 251-265 ............004 7. variabilis, p. 43, B. Loreal entering the eye; ventrals 226 ; subcaudals 106 pairs. 8. betsileanus, p. 44. 1. Stenophis guentheri. (Prax IV. fig. 1.) Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals nearly as long as broad, much shorter than the pre- 140. srenopPHIs. 41 frontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; Joreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 2+ 3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as large as the anterior and in contact with each other ‘anteriorly. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 187; anal divided; subcaudals 67 pairs. Pale brown above, with squarish dark brown spots disposed quincuncially, those on the vertebral line much larger than the others; the first spot, on the occiput, produced forwards as a streak to the frontal; a rhomboidal dark brown spot on the snout; an irregular dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; yellowish white beneath, tail with some small brown spots. Total length 435 millim. ; tail 92. Madagascar. : a. 2 (V. 187; C. 67). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. 2. Stenophis granuliceps. Dipsas (Heterurus) gaimardi, var. granuliceps, Boetig. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 14, pl. i. fig. 3, & xii. 1881, p. 448. (Heterurus) gaimardi, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, c. 1891, p. 297. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals not or but slightly broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided) in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 14+2 or 2+38; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 229-248; anal divided; subcaudals 107-122, all divided or afew (2 to 5) entire. Pale brown or yellowish above, with dark brown or black cross-bars, which may be narrower or broader than the interspaces ; a L-shaped black marking on the occiput and nape; white beneath, tail with black spots. Total length 720 millim. ; tail 170. Madagascar. a & (V. 233; C. 121). Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Mus. [E. ]. b. dS (V. 229; C. 122). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.]. £. 2 (V. 242; C, 115). Madagascar. * oa 42 COLUBRID. 3. Stenophis inornatus. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields a little’ longer than the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 228; anal divided; subcaudals 110, three of the anterior (third to fifth) single, rest divided. Pale brown above, with a series of rather indistinct, small darker spots along the spine; no other markings on the head and body ; lower parts brownish white. Total length 550 millim.; tail 145. Madagascar. a. S (V. 228; C. 110). Madagascar. Mr. Last [0.}. 4, Stenophis gaimardii. Di aimardii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 293 (1837), and Abbild. e135, pl. xlv. figs. 16-18 (1844)- oi Heterurus gaimardii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1173 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. ii. fig, 2 (1871). Dipsas (Heterurus) gaimardii, var. comorensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1873, p. 794. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars ; temporals 2-+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shield shorter than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 255-276; anal divided; subcaudals 93-116, all or greater part single. Pale brown above, with dark brown or black cross-bars, which are as broad as or narrower than the interspaces; a L-shaped black marking on the occiput and nape; white beneath, uniform or with brown spots. Total length 660 millim.; tail 135, Madagascar ; Comoro Islands, a-b. 3 (V.262; C. 105) Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. & yg. (V. 265; C. 93). 140. sTENoPHIs. 43 5. Stenophis maculatus. (Prats IV. fig. 2.) Dipsadoboa maculata, Giinth. Cat. p. 183 (1858). Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parictals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; three post- oculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 243; anal entire; subcaudals 126, single. Yellowish, “ with small quadrangular black spots.” Total length 655 millim. ; tail 165. Habitat unknown. a. o (V. 243; C. 126). —- (Type.) 6. Stenophis arctifasciatus. Heterurus arctifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1176 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1871). Dipsas (Heterurus) arctifasciatus, Boetig. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 34, Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a little broader than long, nearly as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parictals; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three post- oculars; temporals 1+1, 1+2, or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 225-236; anal divided; subcaudals 152-159, single. Pale orange or pale brown above, with numerous narrow blackish cross-bars; a black transverse spot on the nape; head without markings; whitish beneath, tail spotted with blackish. Total length 800 millim.; tail 260. Madagascar. a. Q (Se. 23; V. 236; C. 152). Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.}. 7. Stenophis variabilis. (Prarn IV. fig. 3.) Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, which may be divided, not reaching the ee ee ne 44 COLUBRID, frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields very small or absent. Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 251- 265; anal entire; subcaudals 159, single. Greenish yellow or orange above, with small black spots or rather indistinct dark green cross-bars ; a series of larger blackish spots along the spine; head bright yellow, spotted or marbled with blackish; a large black nuchal spot; yellow beneath, tail (in the male) with black spots. Total length 1098 millim. ; tail (injured) 260. Madagascar, a-b. Sg (Sc. 23; V. 251; C.?) Madagascar. & yg. (Se. 25; V. 265; C. 159). 8. Stenophis betsileanus. (Prats IV. fig. 4.) Dipsas betsileana, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) vi. 1880, p. 238. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, a little longer than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, entering the eye below the preocular, which is widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields shorter than the anterior, in contact with each other. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 226; anal divided; subcaudals 106 pairs. Black, with yellowish-white annuli, widening on the belly; some of the annuli interrupted and alternating on the back; upper labials and throat yellowish white; a yellowish-white bar across the snout. Total length 400 millim. ; tail 90. Madagascar, a, Yg. (V. 226; C. 106), S.E. Betsileo. (Type.) 14]. LYCODRYAS. Lycodryas, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) iii. 1879, p. 218. Maxillary teeth 12 or 13, anterior longest, followed, after a short interspace, by an enlarged, grooved fang; anterior palatine and mandibular teeth longest. Head very distinct from neck; eye rather large, with vertical pupil. Body much elongate, compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals angulate laterally. Tail long; anterior subcaudals single, rest divided. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Comoro Islands, 142, pyrHonopiPsas. 45 1. Lycodryas sancti-johannis. (Prare III. fig. 2.) Pp Head much depressed, with broad, truncated snout. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal with concave sides, a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals ; loreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; three postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+2 or 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 243-258 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 75, the 23 or 24 anterior single. Reddish yellow above, uniform or mottled with brown; some rather ill- defined dark cross-bars may be present on the neck; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted with blackish. Total length 770 millim.; tail 150. Comoro Islands. a. 3 (V. 258; C.?). Johanna. C. = Bewsher, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) b. do (V. 248 ; C. 75). Comoro Ids. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 142. PYTHONODIPSAS. Pythonodipsas, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425, Maxillary teeth 13, third to sixth longest, followed, after a very short interspace, by a large, grooved fang; second to fifth mandi- bular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced between a nasal and a supranasal; parietals broken up into small shields. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or very obtusely keeled, with apical pits, in 21 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Tropical Africa, 1. Pythonodipsas carinata. Pythonodipsas carinata, Giiinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 426, pl. xix. fig. K; Bowleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 140. Snout broad, truncate, concave above ; rostral more than twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals considerably longer than broad, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as broad as the supraocular, nearly twice as long as broad, with concave sides; one or two small shields between the prefrontals and the frontal ; several small loreals; one preeocular, three or four suboculars, and three postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; nine upper labials; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, Lycodryas sancti-johannis, Giiinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) iii. 1879, . 218. A6 COLUBRID. which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, smooth or very obtusely keeled. Ventrals 190-192; anal entire; subcaudals 54-55. Sand-coloured or pale buff above, with a double alternating series of square grey spots, a few of which may coalesce to form transverse bars ; lips with vertical grey bars ; lower parts white, Total length 590 millim. ; tail 85. Zambesi; Damaraland. a. 3 (V.190; C. 54). Zambesi. $$ J. Chapman, Esq.[C.]. (Type.) 143. DITYPOPHIS. Ditypophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 462. Maxillary teeth 8 or 9, strongly increasing in length to the last but one, followed, after an interspace, by a large, grooved fang; second to fifth mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body short, cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 rows; Maxillary and mandible of Ditypophis vivax. ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Socotra. 1. Ditypophis vivax. Ditypophis vivax, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 462, pl. xl. Snout short, broad ; rostral more than twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; ; internasals a little longer than broad, longer than the prefrontals; frontal not broader than the supra- ocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril pierced in the upper part of an undivided nasal; loreal slightly longer than deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal ; a subocular below the preocular; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+83 or 4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 37. Reddish sandy above, with indistinct darker cloudy spots on the back ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; lower parts white. Total length 345 millim. ; tail 50. Socotra. a. 2 (V. 146; 0.87). Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.)]. (Type.) 144, TARBOPHIs. 47 144, TARBOPHIS. Telescopus (non Montf.), Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 182 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1054 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). Tarbophis, Fleischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 17 (1831); Dum. & Bibr. t. ec. p. 911; Jan, 1. c. p. 99. Trigonophis, Hichw. Zool. Spec. Ross. Pol. iii. p. 174 (1831). Dipsas, ea Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1887). Ailurophis, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. ii. (1837). Tachymenis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 33 (1858). Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, anterior longest, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly, and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body _ cylindrical or slightly compressed; scales smooth, oblique, with apical pits, in 19 to 23 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Maxillary and mandible of Tarbophis fallax. South-eastern Europe, South-western Asia, Tropical and North- eastern Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Loreal entering, or nearly entering, the eye. A. Seales in 19 or 21 rows. Posterior chin-shields narrowly sepa- rated from each other in front; ventrals 174-190 ; anal divided.... 1. savignyi, p. 48. Posterior chin-shields widely separated ; ventrals 186-222; anal divided.... 2. fallax, p. 48. Posterior chin-shields widely separated ; ventrals 203-235; analentire .... 3. iberus, p. 49. B. Scales in 23 rows ; ventrals 268-280 ; anal entire. 4. rhinopoma, p. 50. 48 COLUBRID, IT. Loreal separated from the eye by the prwocular, A. Scales in 19 rows; anal divided. Two labials entering the eye ........ 5. variegatus, p. 51. Three labials entering the eye ...... 6. semiannulatus, p. 51 B. Scales in 19 or 21 rows; anal entire. 7. guentheri, p. 52. C. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; anal divided. yuk bee 8. obtusus, p. 52. 1. Tarbophis savignyi. Savi Deser. te t., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 2 (1829). gah sauciiis ty a COMME oe Fok, bee 1864, 489, Tarbophis vivax, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-79, p. 67, and 1879-80, p. 33; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Tor, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 15. Thy ise f. syriaca, part., Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, — p- ° Very closely allied to 7. fallax, but snout shorter and broader ; internasals broader than long; frontal not more than once and one third as long as broad; nasal entire or semidivided ; loreal once and a half to twice and a half as long as deep, usually entering the eye; posterior chin-shields narrowly separated from each other in front, Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-190; anal divided; subcaudals 45-57. Yellowish above, with a dorsal series of 23 to 28 dark brown or black spots on the body, these spots sometimes confluent with a lateral series of spots or vertical bars which usually alternate with the dorsal series; the first blotch largest, covering the nape and descending to the sides of the neck, which it may entirely encircle; head greyish above, dotted with black and with a few small black spots; labials dark-edged ; belly black, or much spotted or marbled with dark brown or black, Total length 465 millim. ; tail 65. Southern Syria, Lower Egypt. a. 9 (V.174; C. 51). Jerusalem. Canon Tristram to - b-c. g (V. 187; C.?)& Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [C.}, yg. (V.178; ©. 55). , d. Ye. (V. 190; C. 53). Lebanon, Canon Tristram [C.]. 2. Tarbophis fallax. Coluber vivax, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 57 (1826).—Nomen Be nudum. Tarbophis fallax, Fveischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 18, pl. i. (1831). Dipsas fallax, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 295, pl. xi, figs. 835 & 36 (1837), Ailnrophis vivax, Bonap. Icon. Faun, Ital., Anf. (1837). Tarbophis vivax, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 913 (1854); Schreib, Herp. Eur. p. 218, fig. (1875); Boettg. Zeitschr, Ges. Naturw. xlix, 1877, p. 287 ; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc, Nat. Mose, 1881, p. 813; Boettg. Sitzb. Ak, Berl. 1888, p. 178 ; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 687 (1894). 144, TARBOPHIS. 49 Tachymenis vivax, Giinth, Cat. p.33 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) v. 1880, p. 436. Tarbophis vivax, part., Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 194 (1873). —— vivax, f. syriaca, part., Boetty. Ber. Senck, Ges. 1879-80, p. 166, Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals nearly as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided or semidivided ; loreal twice anda half to thrice as long as deep, entering the eye below the preocular, which is in contact with the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 3+3 or 4; eight (rarely seven or nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields very small and widely separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 or 2]. rows. Ventrals 186-222; anal divided; subcaudals 48-73. Greyish above, with 40 to 57 brown or black spots or bars on the body; a lateral series of smaller spots or vertical bars, alternating with the dorsals; the first spot, on the nape, elongate, usually with one or three linear processes in front extending on the head ; usually a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts whitish, speckled, spotted, or marbled with grey or brown. Total length 850 millim.; tail 120. From Illyria and Dalmatia to Greece, the Archipelago, Asia Minor, and Northern Syria. A. Scales in 19 rows. ad (V.194; CrP). Zara, Dalmatia. Count M. Peracca [P.]. b. 2 (V. 206; C. 52). Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F. Werner ‘iat e-g. do (V. 201,204, 204; Dalmatia. Lord Lilforg [P.]. C. 50, 55, 55) & 2 (V. 204,199; C.48, 51). h. Yg. (V. 210; C. 50). Dalmatia. t. Q (V.208; C.55). Cerigo Id. Dr. Forsyth Major [P.]. k. Hgr. (V.201; C. 73). Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.]. l. g (V. 186; C. 53). Beyrout. m. 9 skeleton. Dalmatia. Lord Lilford [P.]. B. Scales in 21 rows, n. @ (V.199; C. ?). Cyprus. Gen. Biddulph [P.]. o. 2 (V. 208; C. 66). | Cyprus. R. T. Kenyon, Esq- p-r. & (V. 199, 203; C. Cyprus. He i, Rolle [C.]. 66, 60) & 2 (V. 197; C. 60). 3. Tarbophis iberus. , Trigonophig iberus, Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 175 (1831), and Faun. Casp.-Caan:. p. 101, pl. xviii. (1842). Coluber carneus, Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist Russ., Amph. p. 27 (1832).— Teste Strauch, VOL. UI. - E a a a 50 ‘COLUBRID. Dipsas fallax, Nordm. in Demid, Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 848, Rept. l. iv. fig. 2 (1840); Berth. in Wagn. Reise n. Kolehis, p. 334 1850). Tarbophis vivax, Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pt i. fig. 2 (1871); Boettg. in Rade, Faun. Flor. Jig riage e 72 (1886). —— vivax, part., Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 194 (1878). Agrees in most respects with 7’. fallax, but parietals shorter, slightly longer than the frontal, and anal entire. Nasal semi- divided ; fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth labials entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows (exceptionally 21). Ventrals 203-2365 ; subcaudals 55-70. Grey above, with 35 blackish spots on the body, the anterior largest and darkest; a lateral series of smaller spots or vertical bars; lower parts blackish, with small whitish spots and dots. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 100. Caucasus. a. 3 (8ce.19; V.218; Evlakh, Gov. Elizabethpol, C. 61). Transcaucasia, 4. Tarbophis rhinopoma. ? Tarbophis sp., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338. Dipsas rhinopoma, Blanf. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, _ 34, and Zool. E. Pers. p. 424, pl. xxviii. fig. 2 (1876) ; Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp.-Geb. p. 72 (1886). siege “Ip rhinopoma, Bouleng. Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. ix, 1895, p- 325. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal semidivided; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep, entering the eye below the preocular, which is in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or 34-3 or 4; eight to ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields very small and widely separated from each other by scales. Scales in 23 (or 24) rows. Ventrals 268-280; anal entire; subcaudals 76-82. Pale sandy grey above, with a dorsal series of 65 to 85 brown square or transverse spots, larger than the interspaces between them, and an alternating series of smaller spots on each side; on the posterior part of the body the dorsal spots may split up into two alternating series ; head with small dark spots or specks; labials dark-edged ; throat white; ventrals dark brown. Total length 990 millim.; tail 155. Persia, Sind. od (V. 268; 0.77). Karman, 8, Persia, W.T. Blanford, Esq. [E.]. 5000 ft. (One of the types. b. Yg. (V. 280; 0,82), Sind. H, M. Phipson, Bis [P.]. 144, TARBOPHIS. 51 5. Tarbophis variegatus. — variegata, Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p. 249, pl. i. gs. 15-17; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 689. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals nearly as long as broad, a little shorter than the parietals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided ; loreal longer than deep; one pra-* and two postoculars; temporals small, 2+38 ; seven to nine upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other, or indistinct. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 209-226 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 62-67. Pale brownish above, with 26 to 30 rather irre- gular dark brown cross-bars, each enclosing a whitish vertebral spot ; head spotted er marbled with brown ; the sutures between the upper labials dark brown; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish white, spotted with dark brown. Total length 590 millim.; tail 95, Guinea. a,b. 3 (V. 218; C. 64) & W. Africa. 2 (V. 226; C. 62). 6. Tarbophis semiannulatus. Telescopus semiannulatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. Ixxii. (1849) ;. Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1058 (1854); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 127 (1882). Leptodira semiannulata, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 31; Bouleng. The Zool. 1887, p.179; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 162. Crotaphopeltis semiannulatus, Bocage, Herp, d’Angola, p. 122 (1895). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader than long, usually shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal divided ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2++2 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 206-242; anal divided; subcaudals 51-83. . Yellowish or pale brown above, with 24 to 34 dark brown * In the specimens in the Collection the preocular does not reach the frontal. E2 52 COLUBRID. or blackish transverse rhomboidal spots or cross-bars on the body ; head without any spots or markings; yellowish white beneath. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 120. Tropical Africa. a 9 (V. 230; CO. 63). Zanzibar Coast. b. Q (V. 224; C. 73). Mombasa. H. W. Lane, Esq. [C.]. e. 2 (V. 237; C. 66). Ugogo. Mr. Baxter [C.]. d, 2 (V. 228; C. P). Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.}. e. 2 (V, 224; C. 64). Lake Nyassa. ai M. oodward J. Har. 2 (V. 225; C. Lake Nyassa. Universities Mission. 58). g. & (V. 224; C. P). Loanda. (Type of LZ. semi- annulata.) 7. Tarbophis guentheri. P Coluber dhara, Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775); Daud. Rept. vi. . 257 (1803). Te pt us obtusus (non Reuss), Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. i. fig. 4 (1871). ye ee guentheri, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 656, pl. xxxvi. 5. Agrees with 7’. obtusus, except in having the scales in 19 or 21 rows and the anal entire. Nine or ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye. Ventrals 205-274; subcaudals 69-75. Total length 1045 millim.; tail 160. Arabia; East Africa. a. 3 (Sc.21; V.285; Lahej, near Aden. Oph. Yerbury ) ? C. ?). ». b. (Sc.21; V.240; Sheikh Othman, Col. Yerbury . P). near Aden. Pil. \. (Types y e-d. ¢ (Sc. 21; V. Hadramaut. Dr. J. Anderson { 5 236; ©. ?) & her. [P.]. ’ ee V. 289; ¢, f. F (80. 21; VY. Muscat. A.8.G.Jayakas, Esq,[P} (Types.) 264; C. 69) & 9 (Se, 21; V. 274; . 75 ). g: g 13) 19; V.205; Ngatana,E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory [P.}. 8. Tarbophis obtusus. Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Rept., Swppl. pl. v. fig. 1 (1829). Coluber obtusus, Reuss, Mus. Sench iP 185, 137. Dipsas wgyptiacus, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 274 (1837), and Abbild- Pl. xly. figs. 19 & 20 (1844). Telescopus obtusus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1056 (1854) ; Moeg. Mém. Cent. Soc. Philom. p. 133 (1888). Tarbophis obtusus, Bouleng. Ann, Mus, Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 15; Anders. Proc, Zool, Soc, 1895, p. 658. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- 145. TRIMORPHODON, 53 masals as long as broad or a little broader than long, considerably shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided; loreal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as deep ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+ 2, 3, or 4; nine to eleven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; three to five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and widely separated from each other, or indistinct. Scales in 23 (rarely 21) rows. Ventrals 213-272; anal divided ;‘sub- caudals 65-82. Pale buff or sandy grey above, uniform or with ill- defined brown yariegations or cross-bars; lower parts white. Total length 1870 millim. ; tail 165. Egypt to Somaliland, a. & (V. 271; C. 75). Nile. Rev. O. P. Cambridge Fi. b. 2 (V. 263; C. 75). Beltim. pit J ieee, Py. c-d. Hgr. (V. 262; C. Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson LP. ; 77) & yg. (V. 257; C. 79). — e. 2 (V. 272; C. 72). Tel el Amarna. Dr. J. Anderson [P.], J. Her. (V. 263 ; C. 81). Assouan, Dr. J. Anderson | P.}, g- & skeleton, Egypt. 145. TRIMORPHODON. Dipsas, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1133 (1854). Dipsadomorphus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 174 (1858). Trimorphodon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. Eteirodipsas, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, anterior much longer than the posterior, which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; loreal usually divided; usually a subocular below the preocular. Body compressed ; scales smooth, slightly oblique, with apical pits, in 21 to 27 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; _ subcaudals in two rows. Lower California, Arizona, Mexico, Central America, Synopsis of the Species. I. Eight or nine upper labials. Scales in 25 (rarely 23 or 27) rows; ventrals 234-264; subcaudals 74-94; head with chevron-shaped hands .............4.- 1. biseutatus, p. 54. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 205-236 ; pabonndale GET ee on Secs sce saan 2. upsilon, p. 55. 54 COLUBRID. Scales in 21 rows; ventrals 236; subcaudals 70; head with a lyre-shaped pattern ; dorsal spots im pairs .........e.eee eens 3. lyrophanes, p. 56. II. Six or seven upper labials ; scales in 23 rows. 4. tau, p. 56. 1. Trimorphodon biscutatus. Dipas biscutata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1153 (1854). Dipsadomorphus biscutatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 176 (1858). Trimorphodon biscutatus, Cope, Proc, Ac, Philad. 1861, p. 297, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152 ; és, La Naturaleza, vi. 1882, p. 145, fig. ; Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii, 1886, p. 286; Giinth. Biol. C.-Amer., Rept. p. 174 (1895). Eteirodipsas biscutata, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863). . Timorhodon major, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 153. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Amer. Rept. p. 16 (1883). P arcade lambda, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p- 286. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measur- ing one fourth to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals, which are usually broader than long; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; two or three loreals, rarely one ; two (rarely one) preeoculars, usually with a subocular below ; the upper preocular in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; three postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3, 3+3, or 3+4; nine (rarely eight) upper labials, fourth and fifth (in one specimen third, fourth, and fifth, owing to the absence of subocular) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 to 27 rows, usually 25. Ventrals 234-264; anal divided; subcaudals 74-94. Pale greyish or brownish above, with dark, black-edged cross-bars or transverse markings with light centre; head with angular dark bands sepa- rated by a crescentic transverse light area between the eyes and a A- or A-shaped one on the occiput ; lower parts whitish, more or less mottled with brown, with large dark brown spots on the sides. Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 230. Mexico to Panama. a. - i 25; V. 261; Mazatlan. Hr, A. Forrer (C.}, 8 b-d, e-g. 3 (Sc. 25, 25, Presidio. Hr, A. Forrer (C0. ]. 24; V. 250, 249, 243 ; C. 85, 84, 87), 2 (Se. 25; V.255; 0.78), & yg. (Sc. 25, 23; V. h. Her 8 (Se. 25; ¥ Oax M. Sallé [C.] ‘ . 2 (Se. 26; YV. aca, . Sallé [C. |. 958; O. 74). 145. .TRIMORPHODON. 55 a. é (Se. 25; V. 251; Lanquin, Guatemala, 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. . 87 k. Hgr. 9 (Sc. 27; V. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.], 253; C. 81). l. 2 (Sc. 27; V. 263; Nicaragua. C. 79). 3 c— 25; V.259; Panama. Capt. J. C. Dow [P.]. . 89). n. Hgr. 2 (Sc. 25; V. CO. America. Haslar Collection. 256; C. 77). o. Skull. San Ramon, Mexico. Dr. A. C. Buller (C.]. 2. Trimorphodon upsilon. Trimorphodon upsilon, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xi. 1869, P. oe and xxili. 1886, p. 286; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p.175 895). Digsas biscutata, var. latifascia, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1869, p. 877. Eteirodipsas biscutata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. i. fig. 3 (187 2). Trimorphodon collaris, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p, 181, and Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 286. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 16 (1883). upsilon, Garm. J. ¢. p. 184. ? Trimorphodon vilkinsonii, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 285. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals, which are nearly as long as broad; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; two or three loreals; two preoculars and a subocular; upper preocular in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, 2+3, or 3+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 205-236; anal divided; sub- caudals 61-72. Pale grey-brown above, with dark, black-edged cross-bars narrowing on the sides and descending to the ends of the ventrals; head dark brown above, pale greyish on the occiput, usually with a light cross-bar between the eyes; a V-shaped light marking sometimes present on the parietal shields, embracing the frontal; whitish beneath, more or less mottled with dark and with dark spots on the sides. In the young the dark bars are much wider, separated by narrow whitish interspaces, and they may form complete annuli. Total length 660 millim. ; tail 120. Mexico. | a, & (Sc. 283; V.217; La Cumbre de los Dr. A.C. Buller [C.]. C. 71). Arrastrados, Jalisco. b. a (Ge. 21; V.205; Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]. 61). 56 COLUBRID, e-d. Yg. (Sc.28,21;V. | Ventanas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 228, 220; C. 70,72). e-f. Yg. (Sc. 23,23; V. §&. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. 236, 214; C. 72,72). [P.]. 3. Trimorphodon lyrophanes. Lycodon i grams: Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 343. Trimorphodon lyrophanes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 861, p. 297, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152. Sibon biscutatum, part., Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 16 (1883). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; prefrontals broader than long ; two loreals; two preoculars and a subocular, the upper preocular not in contact with the frontal; three postoculars ; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; anterior chin- shields the longer. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 236; anal divided; subcaudals 70. Light grey above; snout crossed ‘by an indistinct ashy band; a lyre-shaped brown marking on the head; back with deep brown spots disposed in pairs; an irregular series of lateral spots and another extending on the ends of the ventral shields ; under surface whitish. Total length 710 millim.; tail 110. Lower California, Arizona. 4. Trimorphodon tau. Trimorphon tau, care Proc, Amer. Philos, Soc. xi. 1869, p. 152, and xxiii. 1886, p. 286, Snout projecting considerably beyond the mouth. Rostral some- what produced behind ; internasals about one fourth the size of the preefrontals, which are as long as wide; frontal as long as the parietals ; three loreals; two preoculars and a subocular; three postoculars ; temporals 243; six or seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 23 rows. Grey above, with black rhombs which extend to the ventral shields by their lateral angles; head black as far as the middle of the parietal shields, with two lateral ear-shaped prolongations on the latter; a pale i-shaped mark, the longitudinal limb on ite snout, the transverse limb between the eyes, Total length 236 millim.; tail 35. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. 146, LYCOGNATHUS. tee part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (188 Lyco op part., Dum. § feeds Mém. Ac, Se, xxiii, 1858, p, 495 Erp, Gén. vii. p. Ya eae Siphlophis, Cope, Proc. Ac ilad. 1861, p. 297. Oxyrhopus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1863). Maxillary teeth 14 to 16, anterior much longer than the posterior, 146. LycogNATHUS. 57 ‘which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body compressed; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals strongly angulate laterally. Tail long’; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. 1. Lycognathus cervinus. Seba, Thes. i. pl. c. fig. 4 (1784), and ii. pl. xxxix. figs. 1 & 2,& Ixxix. fig. 3 (1735). Coronella cervina, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 88 (1768). Coluber cervinus, G'mel. S. N. i. p. 1114 (1788). zeylonicus, part., Gel. l. c. p. 1106. audax, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 346, pl. xxix. (1803). maximiliani, Mer. Tent. p. 105 (1820). Dipsas audax, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826). Lycodon audax, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 525; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 121, pl. iv. figs. 18 & 19 (1837). Lycognathus scolopax, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 919 (1854). —— geminatus, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 922. Oxyrhopus doliatus (non D. § B.), Giinth. Cat. p. 192 (1858). Siphlophis scolopax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 297. Oxyrhopus scolopax, Jan, Elenco, p. 92 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep; one pre- ocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 205-255; anal entire; subcaudals 98-118. Yellowish above, variegated or irregularly spotted or barred with black; belly yellow, with black spots or irregular eross-bars. Total length 930 millim.; tail 230. Brazil, Bolivia, Guianas, Trinidad. a-b. 9 (V. 229, 284; Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. C. 98, 103). ec. 2(V. 245; C. 113). Larecaja, Bolivia. ad. Q(V. 238; C. 118). Yungas, Bolivia. P aod 16) state (V. 242; Trinidad. H.MS. ‘ Chanticlger.’ C. ‘ f. 2 (V. 238; C. 105). ——? College of Surgeons. g» 2 (V. 255; C. 114). —? A. Skull. . Bahia. 58 COLUBRID. 2. Lycognathus rhombeatus. Oxyrhopus rhombeatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 288. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal once and two thirds to twice as long as deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 223-230; anal entire; subcaudals 110-115. White, with large black blotches disposed in partly confluent pairs alternating on each side of the vertebral line on the greater part of the body; two black cross-bands on the neck and complete annuli on the posterior part of the body; head dotted with black; lower parts white, some of the black blotches extending on the ventrals, Total length 820 millim. ; tail 220. Brazil. a. & (V. 220; 0,115). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. 147. TRYPANURGOS. Boiga, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. il. p. 257 (1887). Trypanurgos, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 55 (1845). Lycognathus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 916 (1854). Eudipsas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 168 (1858), Esch, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1863). Maxillary teeth 13 to 15, anterior much longer than the posterior, which gradually decrease in size, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body compressed ; scales smooth, slightly oblique, with apical pits, in 19 rows, the vertebral row enlarged; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. 1. Trypanurgos compressus. Coluber compressus, Daud. Rept. vi. a 247 (18038). — leucocephalus, Mikan, Delect. Faun. Flor. Bras. pl. —. fig. 2 1820). Boga leucocephala, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). Dipsas compressus, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 560. leucocephala, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p 288 (1837). Dipsadomorphus compressus, Z'schudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 55 (1845). eae Lycognathus leucocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 924 (1854). 148. pIPsADOMORPHUS. 59 ees leucocephalus, Giinth. Cat. p. 168 (1858). Oxyr pene leucocephalus, Jan, Elenco, p. 92 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 365, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870). : Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two post- oculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Seales in 19 rows. Ventrals 228-258; anal entire; subcaudals 110-125. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown cross- bars, which may be broken in the middle and alternate; head white ; neck blackish brown; uniform whitish beneath. Total length 1080 millim.; tail 250. Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia. a. 2 (V. 228; C. 116). Berbice. b. Yg. (V. 248; C. 112). Berbice. Lady Essex [P.}]. e-d. f (V. 245; C. 124) & hgr. Demerara Falls. (V. 248; C. 110). e. od (V. 247; C. 125). Para. f. 2 (V. 258; C. 118). Brazil. Lord Stuart [P.]. g- & (V. 237; C.?). Brazil. 148. DIPSADOMORPHUS. Hurria, part., Daud. Rept. v. p. 275 (1803). Boiga, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dipsas, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 548; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 169 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 103 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 307 (1864). Dipsadomorphus, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 55 (1845). Opetiodon, Dum. §& Bib. Mém, Ac, Se, xxiii. 1853, p, 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 905 (1854). Triglyphodon, Dum. § Bibr. Ul. cc. pp. 507, 1069. Toxicodryas, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 60. Dipsadomorphus, part., Ginth. Cat. p. 174. Boiga, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 264. Pappophis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 39. Dipsas, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 357 (1890). Liophallus, Cope, Proc, Ac. ‘Philad. 1894, p.'427 (1895). °° Maxillary teeth 10 to 14, subequal in size, followed by two or three enlarged, grooved fangs ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head very distinct from neck; eye moderate or large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal more.or less deeply concave. Body. more or less compressed ; scales smooth, more or less oblique, with apical pits, in 17 to 31 rows, the vertebral row more or less enlarged; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa, Southern Asia, Papuasia, Australia, Skull of Dipsadomorphus cynodon. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anterior palatine teeth not or but feebly enlarged. A, Snout longer than the eye. 1. Preocular not extending to upper surface of head; scales in 17 to 21 rows; ventrals 202-250, Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged ; subcaudals 76-92...... 1. trigonatus, p. 62. Scales in 17 or 19 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged; subcaudals 80- LOG 56050 (namie dives (ao kede ee knjee 2. multimaculatus, p. 63. Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged ; subcaudals 87-94..... . 8. gokool, p. 64. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged; subcaudals 94- TAO Sep is hades Be'sesb coves os . 4, hewagonotus, p. 65, 2, Preocular extending to upper surface of head ; scales in 19 to 23 rows ; ventrals 209-272, . a. Posterior chin-shields larger then the anterior ; scales in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals 214-268, 148, pIpPsADOMORPHUS. 61 Preocular usually in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; subcaudals 90-125 ......... .. 5. ceylonensis, p. 66. Preocular not reaching the frontal ; subcaudals 87-103 ............ 6. fuscus, p. 67. b. Posterior chin-shields not larger than the anterior. a. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 240-260; subcaudals BA0-124 het eens 7. pulverulentus, p. 68. B. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. * Subcaudals 89-110. Scales in 21 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged ; ventrals 231-248...... 8. multifasciatus, p. 69. Scales in 23 rows, vertebrals feebly enlarged; ventrals 241.......... 9. dightonii, p. 69. Scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows, verte- brals more or less strongly enlarged ; ventrals 209-239 ...........56% 10. dendrophilus, p. 70. ** Subcaudals 124-144; scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 237-252; subcaudals 124- MM ear ous. dicig sho atin sais ga ahs 11. cyaneus, p. 72. Ventrals 240-263 ; subcaudals 143- DONT sty. 5 aves bee 4 mints oid NS 12. nigriceps, p. 72. B. Snout as long as the eye. 1. Scales in 21 rows ; ventrals 243-266 ; subcandats 14 166. : wer ers p. 73. 2. Scales in 19 r Ventrals 220; s yeaudals 99; three PRROOCUALG. «fh vias cb doe xcs acde'g 3s 14, barnesii, p. 73. Ventrals 250-276; subcaudals 114—- 163; posterior chin-shields not much smajler than the anterior .. 15, drapiezi, p. 74. Ventrals 254-258 ; subcaudals 126- 135; anterior chin-shields nearly thrice ag large as the posterior .... 16. angulatus, p. 75. II. Antefior palatine teeth strongly enlarged. A. Ppsterior chin-shields larger than the anterior; scales i in 19- ‘to 23 rarely 25) rows. - Scales in 19-23 rows; ventrals 217- 270; anal entire; subcaudals 103- 5; one preocular, extending to :pper surface of head .......... 17. irregularis, p. 75. 62 COLUBRID, Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 260 ; anal entire; subcaudals 116; one pre- ocular, not extending to upper surface of head ..............-- 18. flavescens, p. 77. Scales in 19 rows ; ventrals 240; anal divided ; subcaudals 133 ; two pree- oculars, extending; to upper surface ee rr 19. philippinus, p. 77. Scales in 21-25 rows; ventrals 265- 274; anal divided ; subcaudals 123- 147; one or two preoculars, not extending to upper surface of head. 20. blandingii, p. 77. Scales in 23-25 rows; ventrals 248- 290; anal entire; subcaudals 114— 156; one preocular, extending to upper surface of head; rostral scarcely visible from above ...... 21. cynodon, p. 78. B. Posterior chin-shields not or but slightly larger than the anterior ; scales in 25 to 31 rows; ventrals 254-270; anal entire; subcaudals 103-131.. 22. forstenii, p. 80. TABLE sHOwrnG NumBeErs or ScALES AND SHTELDs. Se, i A. 0. Lab. | Pr. oc. | Pt. oc. trigonatus ......... 21 | 209-238; 1 | 76-92 8 1 2 multimaculatus |17-19 | 202-235} 1 | 80-106 8 1 2 00! © es. cectusene 21 | 224-225; 1 | 87-94 8 1-2 2 AGONOtUS ...... 19-21 | 218-250} 1 | 94-140 | 8-9 1 2 Ceylonensis.....+++. 19-21 | 214-268] 1 | 90-125] 8-9 1-2 2 SakdacVanvenal 19-21 | 286-257} 1 | 87-103 | 8-9 1 2 pulverulentus . 19 | 240-260) 1 |110-124) 8-9 1-2 2-3 multifasciatus . 21 | 231-248} 1 | 96-109; 8 1 2 dightonit ......... 241 1 95 8 1 2 dendrophilus ...... 21-23 | 209-239} 1 | 89-110 | 8-9 1 2 CYANCUS oo 00000000 21 | 237-252} 1 |124-188; 8 1 2 MEGTICEPS s..+0000. 21 | 240-263} 1 |140-144] 8 1 2 FASPideUus ...+0004: 21 | 243-266} 1 |140-166| 8 1 2 barnesié ......00000+ 19 220 1 99 8 3 2 Arapiezti .....006 19 |250-276| 1 |114-163; 8 1 2 ANGUIALUS «41.2044 19 | 254-258} 1 |126-135; 8 1 2 iitbewen 19-23 | 217-270} 1 | 103-125)|'8-10 1 2 RS Ae De 19 1 116 1 3 philippinus +... 19 240 2 133 8 2 2 blandingié ....++ ++. 21-25 | 265-274] 2 | 123-147; 8-9 1-2 2-3 ONO Bakenis acne 23-25 | 248-290} 1 | 114-156) 8-10 1 2 Jorstenii sebaddarehad 25-31 | 254-270} 1 | 103-131) 8-11 1 2-3 1. ARGENT trigonatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xv. (1796). yok trigonatus, sino in Beehst. Uebers, Lacép. iv. p. 156 148. pIPsADOMORPHUS. 63 Coluber sagittatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 526 (1802). —— catenularis, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 253, pl. Ixxv. fig. 2 (1803). Dipsas trigonata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. ~ p. 267, pl. xi. figs. 6 & 7 (1837); Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1186 (1854); Blyth, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855, p. 294; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 312 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1871) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 196 (1876) ; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xviii. 1879, p. 181; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 383 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 358 (1890), and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633. Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 175 (1858). Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 209-238; anal entire; subcaudals 76-92. Yellowish olive or pale grey above, with a white black-edged zigzag band along the back, or with a dorsal series of white, black-edged spots; head with two brown bands edged with black, diverging posteriorly ; belly white, with or without a series of small brown spots along each side. Total length 970 millim.; tail 175. Transcaspia, Baluchistan, India. a. & (V. 225; C.84). Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt [C.]. caspia. b. Hgr. (V. 280; C. 92). Geaaar Baluchistan. W.T. Blanford, Esq. PT; c. 2 (V. 229; C.84). | Kurrachee. Dr. Leith [P.], d. 2 (V.223; C. 83). Kamaon, Himalayas, Messrs. v. Schlagint- weit [C.]. e. 9. (V. 235; C. 82). Bengal. Gon Hind sioke [P.]. . & (V. 225; C. 80). Vizagapatam, Dr. P. Russell. g. 2 (V. 231; C. 83). Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. h, i, k. 9 (V.280; C. 79), Madras. J. Boileau, Esq. [P. i. her. (V. 209; C. 85), & yg. (V. 224; CO. 79). l,m. 3 (V. 235; C.90) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. & 2 (V. 232; C. 76). m. Skeleton. India. o. Skull. Pondichery. 2. Dipsadomorphus multimaculatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxiii. (1801). Dipsas multimaculata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 549; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 265, pl. xi. figs. 4 & 5 (1837), and Abbild. pl. xlv. figs. 18-15 64 COLUBRID. (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 76 (1847) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii- p. 1139 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 169 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 311 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1871); Zheod. Cat. t. Brit. Ind. p. 194 (1876); Boettg. Ber. Ofenb, Ver, Nat. 1885, p. 124; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., oa . 360 (1890). Boiga multimaculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. , p. 264, Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, not extendiug to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3 (rarely 1+2); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 (rarely 17) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 202-235; anal entire; subcaudals 80-106, Grey-brown above, with two alternating series of roundish dark brown spots and two other series of smaller spots lower down on the sides ; two blackish bands on the head, diverging posteriorly; a blackish streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; lower parts whitish, marbled or spotted with brown, and with a series of brown spots along each side. : Total length 750 millim.; tail 165. Southern China, Indo-China, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Celebes. a. 2 (V. 203; C.80). Hong Kong. J. Peake” Esq. b. do (V. 225; C. 100). Moulmein. R. C. Beavan, Esq. c. 2 (V. 220; 0.90). Toungyi, Shan States. E, W: Oates, Esq. d-e. 3 (V. 227; C..94) Fort Steadman, Shan E,. of Oates, Esq. & 2 (V.220; 0.81). States, 3000 ft. Pl f. e Ss 17; V. 225; Pachebon. M. Mouhot [0.}. . do (V. 233; C. 106). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. h. 3 (V. 203; C. 84). Java. Leyden Mus. i. do (V. 211; C. 84). Java. A. Scott, Esq. a k. Q (V. 204; C. 88). Willis Mts, Kediri, Barony. Huegel[C.}, Java, 5000 ft. 3. Dipsadomorphus gokool Dipsas gokool, Gray, Iii. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. xxxiii. fig. 1 (1834); Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 313 (1864); Theob. Cat. io Brit. Ind. p. 197 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 360 (1890). cynodon, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. ae pet» 77 (1847). Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, var. A, Giinth, Cat. p. 175 (1858), —_-) 148. pIPSADOMORPHUS. 65 Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Mostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one or two preoculars, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+3,; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 21 rows, the vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 224-225; anal entire; subcaudals 87-94. Yellowish brown above; head with an arrow-shaped brown, black-edged marking, longitudinally bisected; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a yellowish vertebral streak; a series of erect Y-shaped markings on each side of the back; lower parts yellowish, with a series of brown spots along each side. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 170. Bengal, Assam, Pinang. a. Q (V. 224; C. 94). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke[P.]. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 225; C. 87). Pinang. Dr. Cantor [C.]. 4. Dipsadomorphus hexagonotus. Dipsas hexagonotus, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1856, p. 360 ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 198, pl. xi. fig. 4, and xl. 1871, p. 489; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 195 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 361 (1890). ochracea, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425; Theob. Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 1868, p. 53, and 1. c. p. 196. -—— hexagonata, part., Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 185. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior ; anterior mandibular teeth considerably enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, considerably shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 218-250; anal entire ; subcaudals 94-140. Dusky grey, reddish, or ochraceous above, uniform or with ill-defined blackish transverse lines ; a more or less distinct dark streak from eye to gape; lower parts yellow, uniform, or clouded with pale brownish in the young. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 200. _ Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Burma, Andamans. VOL. III. F 66 COLUBRID, a,b, 2 (Se. 21; V. 238, Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. ; ©. 107, 109). ran e. ¢ ae 21; V. 233; C. Darjeeling. Wip Blanford, Esq. d-f. 3 (Se. 19; V. 227, Bhamo, Upper Burma, M. L. Fea [C.]. 228; C.94, 104) & yp. (Se. 19; V. 228; °C. ne (S Vv P W. Theobald, Esq g-h. 8 (Se. 19; V.242; Pegu. ‘ e0 ; 4 C.101) & Q (Se. 19; [C.}. V. 238; C. 96). (Types of D. ochracea.) t-k. Yg. (Sc. 21, V. 232, Burma. ; ol. Beddome [C. ]. 218; C. 109, 113). 5. Dipsadomorphus ceylonensis. Dipsadomorphus ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 176 (1858). Dipsas ceylonensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 314, pl. xxiii. fig. B (1864) ; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, viii. 1887, p. 275; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p.359 (1890); W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 243. hexagonata, part., Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 185, — nuchalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc, 1875, p. 233. Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than »road, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one or two preoculars, reaching the upper surface of the head, often in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals small, 2 or 3+3 or 4; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, vertebral row much enlarged. Ventrals 214-268; anal entire; subcaudals 90- 125. Pale brown or greyish above, with a series of dark brown or blackish transverse spots or bands; nape with a dark blotch or three dark longitudinal streaks, or a transverse bar; a more or less distinct dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, dotted with brown, usually with a lateral series of brown spots. Total length 1320 millim. ; tail 250. Ceylon ; hills of the West Coast of India. a, b-d. 3 (Se. 19; V. 235; Ceylon, 7 ©. 107), hgr. (Se. 19; Bagi af iY} 0. 16a e. 9 (Sc. 19; V. 219; Ceylon. A. _ Esq. f-g. Hgr.d (Se.19; V.257, Ceylon. R. Templeton $00 7 la dl le Eq. (P.]. >(Types.) eT hee 2 a et. ee ee an “Aitn ns eS “i NS ke me ‘ 148. DIPSADOMORPHUS, 67 A-i. Her. g (Sc. 19; V. 226; Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart. C. 103) & yg. (Sc. 19; V. 220; ©. 101). k-m. Yg. (Se. 19; V. 262, Trincomalee, Major Barrett [P.}. 258, 266; C. 125, 118, Ceylon. 120). n. Agr. g (Se. 19; V. 253; Ceylon. C. 122 0. Her. 3 (Se 19; V. 234; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. C. 105 p. & (Sc. 19; V. 229; C. North slope of Col. Beddome [C.]. 100), Nilgherries, 4000 ft. q: ie (Sc. 21; V. 248; C. Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.]. rv. 3 (Se. 21; V. 242, Forests of W. Col. Beddome [C.]. 243; ©. 100, 104), 2 Coast of India. (Types of D. nuchalis. ) (Sc. 21; V. 234; C. 94), & yg. (Sc. 21; V. 234, 249 ; C. 102, 101). w. Her. 9 (Se. 19; V.214; Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 98). a-y. Hgr. 2 (Se. 19; V. Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. 6. Dipsadomorphus fuscus. Dendrophis fusca, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 54 (1842). Dipsas fusca, Giinth. Cat. p. 171 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 26, pl. v. fig. 7 (1869) ; Peters §& Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, _ p. 895; Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 118 (1894). —— boydii, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S, W. ix. 1884, p. 548, Anterior palatine teeth feebly enlarged; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or broader than long, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142, 242, or 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior, Scales in 19 (rarely 21) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 236-257; anal entire ; subcaudals 87-103. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, with more or less distinct, more or less regular dark brown or black cross-bands ; uniform yellowish or salmon-pink below. Total length 1500 millim.; tail 290, Northern and Eastern Australia. a. 3 (Sc.19; V. 251; C.98). Port Essington. (Type;) b-c. 2 (Se. 19; V. 254,250; Port Essington. ord Derby [P.}. CO, 103, 97). FZ 68 COLUBRIDZ. d,e. dg (Sc.19; V.248; Port Essington. Haslar Collection. 0.94) & Q (Se. 19; V. 252; 0.99). Is é (Sc. 19; V.257; Daly R., N. Aus- Christiania Museum. K (80.19; 'V.246; Herbert R, N. J. A,Boyd,Es (P.] -h. 3 ( ° ; V. 246; erbert . . - 4A. y' q. |r. Je 7.96) & 9 (Se.21: Queensland. ; V, 248; C. 92). . é ans 21; V. 253; Sydney. Mrs, Levey [P.]. .108). k. ¢ eg 19; V. 239; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.}. . 90). i. ae (Sc. 19; V. 247; Australia, Sir J. Richardson [P.1.. . 102). 7 7. Dipsadomorphus pulverulentus. Dipsas pulverulenta, Fisch. Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 81, pl. iil. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. p. 173 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iv. fg. 1 (1871); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878,. p. 688; Bocage, Jorn. Se, Lisb, xi. 1887, p. 186; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p. 75. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as. broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular (rarely divided), widely separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 242 (rarely 243); eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as or a little larger that the sterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row more or less enlarged. Ventrals 240-260; anal entire; subcaudals 110-124. Buff or pale brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct dark brown. cross-bars ; young with a series of brown rhombs on each side, each enclosing a light ocellar spot; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish, powdered with brown, with two longitudinal dark brown es. Total length 850 millim. ; tail 185. West Africa, from the Coast of Guinea to Angola. a. 3 (V. 253; C. 118). Sierra Leone, uo y 260; ©. 117). Niger. “ J. W. Crosse: P.). c-d. Yg. Me 259, 240 ; Old Calabar. Ww. Pes Esq. CO. 115, 110). P,). e. Yg. (V. 250; O. 118). Fernando Po, Sir A. Smith [P.]. tS. 2 (V. 260; O. P). W. Africa, J. “s Salmon, Esq. g. 3 (V. 254; ©. 110), W. Africa. sit A Smith [P.} 148. DIPSADOMORPHUS, 69 8. Dipsadomorphus multifasciatus. Dipsadomorphus trigonatus, var. B, Giinth. Cat. p. 175 (1858). Dipsas multifasciata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1861, p.114; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 313 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1870, p. 199, pl. xi. fig. 6, and xl, 1871, p. 440; W. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. |x. 1891, p. 243. ceylonensis (non Giiinth.), Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 196 (1876). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Rostral ‘broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep, sometimes entering the eye below the preocular, which is widely separated from the frontal, but reaches the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 14+2 or 2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five to seven lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as long as the anterior, separated from each other by scales. get ‘ Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 231-— 248; anal entire; subcaudals 96-109. Greyish above, with oblique black cross-bars ; a more or less distinct series of whitish spots along the vertebral line; a pair of black streaks on the head, from the prefrontals to the occiput, a black streak from the eye to the commissure of the jaws, and another along the nape; upper labials black-edged ; lower parts spotted or checkered with dark brown or black. Total length 875 millim. ; tail 180. Himalayas. a,b. 3 (V. 245; ©. 102) & India. Q (V. 240; C. 102). 9. Dipsadomorphus dightonii. oo dightoni, Bouleng. Journ. Bomb. N. H., Soe, viii. 1894, p. 528, pl. —. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 241; anal entire; sub- eaudals 95. Pale reddish-brown above, without any dark markings; a series of salmon-red blotches along the back; head pale brown, 70 COLUBRID. with minute blackish dots; lower parts yellowish, finely dotted with brown ; the outer ends of the ventrals salmon-pink. Total length 1100 millim. ; tail 220. Travancore. a. 2 (V. 241; 0. 95). Peermad, 3300 feet. _ eons Esq. ah Ay ayeey” ey (Type.) 10. Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxi. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber peruvianus, Shaw, Zool. iii, p. 483, pl. cxxii. (1802). Dipsas dendrophila, Boie, Isis, 1827, Be 549; Wagl. Icon. Amph.. pl. viii. (1828) ; Schleg. Phys. .li. p. 263, pl. xi. figs. 1-3 (1837), and A ld. bins de 1. ae 19 (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. ie 2 ate 76 (1 ley & Dillwyn, Contr. Nat. ‘Hist. 47 (1855); Gilash Cone . 169 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. ar (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1871). Triglyphodon dendrophilum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1086 (1854), — RC ae Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1091, Boiga dendrophila, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1860, p. 264. : peer | ( ‘Triglyphodon ) gemmicincta, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861,. p. 688 Anterior palatine teeth scarcely longer than the posterior; ante- rior mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, as long as or shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep (in one specimen, E. a, much longer than deep and entering the eye below the procular); one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight (excep- tionally nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower Jabials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as large as or a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows, vertebral row more or less strongly enlarged. Ventrals 209-239; anal entire; subcaudals 89-110, Coloration very variable. Total length 1900 millim. ; tail 370. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Black above, with 40 to 46 narrow yellow cross-bars which are mostly continuous across the back; upper labials yellow,. black-edged ; ventrals in the anterior third of the body yellow, spotted with black, further back black, uniform or spotted or speckled with yellow. (D. dendrophila, Boie.) a, b, ¢. é (V. 220, 220; O.?, Jaya. Lidth de Jeude Col- 98) & 9 (V. 226 O. 93). lection. doé (V. 216; C.?). Java, Zoological Society, 148. pripsapomoRPHus. 71 B. Black above and below, sides of body with 23 to 36 yellow vertical bars which do not extend across the back; throat and labial shields yellow, the latter black-edged. (Var. melanotus, Blkr.) a. Q (V. 224; ©. 100). Kedah. 8. 8. Flower, Esq. [P.]. b. fb (V. 218; C. 97). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. ce. 9 (V. 225; C.P). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. d, 4 aS 23; V. 218; Singapore P Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. . 89). e. Hgr. (Sc. 23; V. 202; Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. - (€. 93). (Triglyphodon melanotus, Blkr.) J. 2 (V. 222; 0. 103). W. coast of Mrs. Findlay [P.]. Sumatra. g. Skull. — C. Black above and below, with 47 yellow cross-bars on the body which are mostly continuous across the back; throat and labial shields yellow, the latter black-edged. (Var. annectens.) a. 2 (V. 2382; C. 104). Borneo. Sir H. Low [P.]. D. Like the preceding, but cross-bars more numerous, 60 to 64 on the body. (Var. regularis.) a. 2 (V. 285; C. 110). Borneo. Mr. Stokes [C.]. b. fo (V. 218; C.P) Borneo. Mr. Wright [C.]. c-d. Her. (V. 239, 238 ; Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. ©. 108, 108). E. Like the preceding, but cross-bars more numerous, 70 to 80 on the body. (Var. multicinctus.) a-b. 5 (V. 224; C.110) Puerta Princesa, A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. & yg. (V. 223 ; C. 107). Palawan, c.. 2 (V. 226; C. 75). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. d. & (V.227; C. 94). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. F. Black above and below, body with 70 to 90 cross-bands of round yellow spots; belly with round yellow spots, which are not connected with the cross-bands; labials blackish, or with very broad black edges. (Var. gemmicinctus, D. & B.) a. 2 (V. 231; C. 105). Celebes. Leyden Museum. G. Body with 37 to 47 broad greenish-white bands alternating with black ones, the light scales all edged with black ; labials and ventrals yellowish white, black-edged ; the black bands form complete rings on the hinder part of the body and on the tail. (Var. latifasciatus.) a. & (V. 216; C.101). Zamboanga, Min- A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. danao. b-c. 3 (V. 222, 218; C.99, Butuan, Mindanao, A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 93). 72 COLUBRID, 11. Dipsadomorphus cyaneus. Triglyphodon cyaneum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1079 (1854). ei cee me Blyth, Journ, As. Soc, Beng. xxiii. 1855 aid cyanea, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. p. 861 (1890) ; W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 244. —— bubalina, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 311, pl. xxiv. fig. E (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 441; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 197 (1876). Anterior palatine teeth scarcely larger than the posterior; anterior mandibular teeth considerably larger than the posterior. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one preocular, ex- tending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 24+3 or 34+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row rather strongly enlarged. Ventrals 237-252; anal entire; subcaudals 124-133. Adult uniform green above, the skin between the scales black, uni- form greenish yellow beneath. Young olive, with black cross-bars and a black streak behind the eye; belly variegated brown and white. Total length 1360 millim. ; tail 340. Assam, Cachar, Sikkim, Tenasserim. a. & (V. 242; C. 129). —? Dr. Giinther [P.}. 5. Yg. (V. 287 ; C. P). Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. 12. Dipsadomorphus nigriceps. (Pxarex III. fig. 3.) Dipsas nigriceps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 359, — hoffmanseggii, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 27. Be —— flavescens, var., Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 2 (1871). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long. shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or longer than deep; one procular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals very vari- able, 1+2 or 2+3 or 3+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are considerably shorter than the posterior, Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 240-263; anal entire; subcaudals 140-144. Reddish or greyish brown above, uniform or irregularly mottled with darker; head uniform blackish above ; upper lip white; lower parts white or greyish, faintly dotted with darker. Sar 6. ae a oD) li de . ‘ ‘ ts 148, DIPSADOMORPHUS. 73 Total length 1650 millim. ; tail 410. Borneo, Java. a. 2 (V. 250; C. 144). Bongon, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. P b. 3 (V. 263; C. ?). Zoological Society. (Type.) ec. d (V. 262; C. 1438). —?P College of Surgeons. 13. Dipsadomorphus jaspideus. Dipsas cynodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 269 (1837). Triglyphodon jaspideum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1093 (1854). Dipsas fusca (non Gray), Motley § Dillwyn, Contr. Nat. Hist. Lab. p. 48, pl. — (1855). —— hoops, Giinth. Cat. p. 170 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 309, pl. xxiv. fig. G (1864); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, . 151 jaspidea, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1868). Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Eye as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal about once and one third as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; - two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior, separated from each other by scales. Scales in 21 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 243- 266; anal entire; subcaudals 140-166. Light brown above, mottled and speckled with black or dark brown, and with more or less distinct blackish cross-bars interrupted on the vertebral line ; a series of large whitish spots on each side, partly on the ventrals: all the head-shields spotted with black, the larger spots light- edged; a black, light-edged longitudinal streak on the occiput ; yellowish beneath, speckled with brown. Total length 1400 millim. ; tail 370. Java, Borneo, Pinang. a. 3 (V. 266; C. 156). Java? Zoological Society. b. 2 (V. 243; C. 140). Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. (Type of D. fusca.) c,d. 3 (V. 248; C. 166) Bengal (??). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. & 2 (V. 264; C, 157). (Types of D. boops.) 14. Dipsadomorphus barnesii. Dipsas barnesii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 506, pl. xl. fig. 2; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 359 (1890). Anterior palatine teeth not enlarged ; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. ye as long as the snout. Rostral as deep as 74 COLUBRID. broad, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; three preoculars, the upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+3 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, scarcely oblique, vertebrals very feebly enlarged. Ventrals « 220 ; anal entire; subcaudals 99. Grey-brown above, with lighter black-edged transverse spots; a series of black spots along each side, near the ventrals; a blackish band behind the eye; labial sutures blackish; lower parts whitish, powdered with brown. Total length 550 millim.; tail 130, Ceylon. a. db (V. 220; C. 99). ' Ceylon. B, H. Barnes, Esq, [P.]- (Type.) 15. Dipsadomorphus drapiezii. Dipsas drapiezii, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 270, pl. xi. figs. 8 & 9 (1887), and Abbild. p. 48, pl. xv. (1840) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 171 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p- 53; FE. Mill. Verh, Nat. Ges, Basel, viii. 1887, p. 275, Triglyphodon drapiezii, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1097 (1854). Dipsas drapiezii, var. bancana, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 26. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth moderately enlarged. Eye as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal small or absent ; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242, 2+3, or 3+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 250-276; anal entire; subcaudals 114-163. Pale brown above with dark transverse spots, or brown with yellowish or reddish, dark-edged pale transverse bands each of which ends in a white spot on the side of the belly; brownish white below, uniform or speckled with brown, with two more or less distinct brown longitudinal lines. Total length 1300 millim, ; tail 350, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a. Yg.(V.270; C. 147). Malacca, D. F. A. Hervey, : Esq. [P.]. b. 2 (V. 272; C. 153). Singapore. c. 9 (V. 259; C.?). E. Coast of Sumatra. Mrs, Findlay [P.]. 148. pIPSADOMORPHUS. 75 d,e. 2 (V. 267; C.186) Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. & yg. (V. 250; 0.151). ‘ J. 2 (V. 276; C.170). Sandakan, N. Borneo. oe Cator, Esq, g. 3 (V. 264; C,145). Java, In the var. bancana, Peters, which is stated to resemble closely the Dipsas indica of Laurenti (D. bucephala, Shaw), the loreal is well developed, the preocular is divided, and the dark lines along the belly are absent. 16, Dipsadomorphus angulatus. Dipsas (Dipsadomorphus) angulata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p- 688. —— (Eudipsas) guiraonis, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 75, pl. iii. figs. 9-10 (1867). Closely allied to D. drapiezii. Frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal well developed, as long as deep; preocular nearly reaching the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields nearly thrice as large as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 254-258; anal entire; subcaudals 126-135. Greyish or yellowish brown above, with dark brown spots and dots and with dark cross-bars which widen on the sides and extend across the belly, but are interrupted on the vertebral line; large whitish spots on the sides, extending on the ventrals, between the dark bars. Total length 1015 millim. ; tail 240. Leyte, Philippine Islands. 17. Dipsadomorphus irregularis. Merrem, Beitr. ii. p. 23, pl. iv. (1790). Coluber irregularis, Merr, in Bechst. Uebers. Lacép. iv. p. 289, pl. xxxvii. fig. 1 (1802). Hurria pia BS Daud. Rept. v. p. 277, pls. lix. figs. 8 & 9, & Ixvi. figs. 1 & 3 (1808). Boiga irregularis, Fvtzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826). Dipsas irregularis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 549; Schleg.. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 271, pl. xi. figs. 12 & 18 (1837); Giinth. Cat. p. 172 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gen. 37, pl. i. (1870); Peters §& Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 394; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 153. Triglyphodon irregularis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1072 (1854). Dipsas pallida, Jan, Elenco, p. 103 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 1 (1871). - Fapeepna laticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, . 39. P ——. flavigastra, Macleay, 1. c. p. 40. Dipsas aruanus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xi. 1888, p. 137. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals 76 | COLUBRID, broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than ‘deep ; ; one preocular, in contact with or raat separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2 or 3+ or 4; nine (rarely eight or ten) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 to 23 rows, vertebral row moderately or strongly ‘enlarged. Ventrals 217-270; anal entire; subcaudals 103-125 (some of which may be single). Coloration very variable. Yellowish, greyish, brown, or olive above, uniform or with more or less distinct darker cross- bands or spots disposed quincuncially; upper labials yellowish, usually dark-edged; a more or less distinct dark streak usually present on each side of the head, behind the eye; belly yellowish, uniform or more or less profusely spotted or speckled with brown, olive, or black ; subcaudals more or less spotted or speckled, some- times entirely black. Total length 2150 millim. ; tail 450. Celebes, Moluccas, Papuasia, Solomon Islands, A. Scales in 23 rows. a. 3 (V. 259; ©.111). Celebes. Leyden Museum, b. Yg. (V. 253 ; C. 123). Gorontalo, Celebes. Hr. Riedel [C.}. L. rod (V. 265; C.117). Amboyna. Leyden Museum. d-e,f.3(V. 263 ; 0.104) Ceram. . 2 (V. 260, 261 ; .P, 109). g- 2 (V. 254; C. 110). Mysol. h. 3 (V. 258; C.?). okau, Aru Ids. a M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ e of D. phe 4. Hgr. AM 240; C.104). Trobriand Ids. a A. 8. Meek ay ke 3 (V. 245; C.?). Normanby Louisiade B, H. Thomson, Archipelago. (P.]. B. Seales in 21 rows. a-b. b (V. 267; C.121) N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. & hgr. (V. 259; C. 119). e-d. gd (V.268; C.118) Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B, Meyer (C.]. & yg. (V. 266; C. 125), e. 9 (V. 248; 6, 108). Se Id. (?), Dr, A. B, Mey oy I3 (V. a “A 0 30, . New Guinea, M, A. Linden [ gh, 1. ba (i New Guinea, “ios, thy. k. re oy 253 ; C, id). New Guinea, 8. of Huon Gulf. 1. 2 (V. 270; C.109). Fly River. ane ~ Macfarlane m~n. 2 (V. 244; 0,109) Kei Ids, Capt. Langen [P.}. & hgr.(V. 250; 0. 108). 0. 3 (V. 257; C.?). Murray Id., Torres Mev. S. Macfarlane Straits. [C.]. 148. DIPSADOMORPHUS. Ti p-g. 3 (V. 266, 262; CornwallisId., Torres Rev. 8S. Macfarlane CO, P, P), Straits. [C.]. : #.. 6. (V. Zor Se); Fergusson Id., D’Entre- Mr. A. 8. Meek [C.]. casteaux Group. s-t. d (V. 258; C. 112) Duke of York Id. ‘Rey. G. Brown [C.]. & her. (V. 256; C.117). u-v. 9 (V. 232; ©.110) Treasury Id., Solomon H. B. Guppy, Esq. ye. (V.217; 0.111). - Ids. Pi. w. Yg. (V. 238; C.114). Alu, Shortland Ids., C.M. Woodford, Esq. Solomon Ids. ie ; x-a. 5 (V. 236, 242,242; New Georgia, Solomon C.M.Woodford, Esq. C. 115, ?, 1038) & @ Ids. [C.]. (V. 241; C. ?). B-0. Her. (V. 233, 234; Gela, Solomon Ids. C. M. Woodford, Esq. ©. 109, 112) & yg. ©... (V. 229; C. 112). e. do (V. 239; C.?). Guadalcanar, Solomon C.M.Woodford, Esq. Ids. C.]. C. Scales in 19 rows. a. 2 (V. 263; C.112). Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ b. Her. (V. 244; C. 108). Gilolo. Dr. Platen [C.]. 18. Dipsadomorphus flavescens. Triglyphodon flavescens, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1080. (1854). Dipsas flavescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863). Closely allied to D. wrregularis, but preocular not extending to the upper surface of the head, and three postoculars. Hight upper labials. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 260; anal entire; sub- caudals 116. Yellowish brown above, with mere traces of darker cross-bands ; uniform yellowish beneath. Total length 1121 millim.; tail 234. Macassar, Celebes. 19. Dipsadomorphus philippinus. Dipsas philippina, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 27. Like D. irregularis, but preocular divided. Eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, verte- -brals strongly enlarged. Ventrals 240; anal divided; subcaudals 138. Brownish yellow above, with black cross-lines ; head spotted with black above, but without temporal streak. Total length 690 millim.; tail 155. Luzon, Philippine Islands. 20. Dipsadomorphus blandingii. Dipsas blandingii, Hallow. Proce, Ac. Philad. 1844, p. 170, & 1854, p- 100; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, pp. 209 & 211; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 74. Triglyphodon fuscum, Dum. §. Bibr. vii. p. 1101 (1854); Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom, (7) xi. 1887, p. 80. 78 COLUBRID.®. Dipsas fasciata, Fisch. Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb. iii, 1856, p. 84, pl. iii. g. 5; Giinth. Cat. p. 173 (1858). —— valida, Fisch. l.c. p. 87, fig. 4; Giinth. l. ec. p. 172. . —— globiceps, Fisch, 1. c. p. 89, fig.6; Giinth. l.c. p. 173; F. Miill, - Verh. Nat, Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 687. Toxicodryas blandingii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 60. Dipsas fischeri, Jan, in A. Dum. l.c. p. 212. Boiga blandingii, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 264. globiceps, Cope, 1. c. Dipsas fusca, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1868). —— cynodon, part., Jan, 1. c., and Icon, Gén. 38, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1871). —— regalis (Schleg.), Jan, Icon. l.c.; F. Miill. l.c. p. 687. ? Dipsas globiceps, var. tumboensis, F. Miiil. 1. ¢. p. 38, Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep; two (rarely one) pre- oculars, widely separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) post- oculars ; temporals 242 or 243; nine (rarely eight) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely in 21 or 25) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 265-274; anal divided; subcaudals 123-147. Yellowish to dark olive above, with more or less distinct dark brown or black cross-bars, which may be interrupted on the vertebral line; some speciméns nearly uniform black; black bars on the posterior border of the upper labials, the one on the penultimate labials extending on the temple to the eye; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish to dark olive, with or without a darker edge. Total length 2200 millim. ; tail 500. West Africa, from the Senegal to the Congo; Zanzibar, a-b, c. 3 (V. 267, 265; - Sierra Leone. G. 183, 125) & yg. (V. 265; O. 136). d. 2 (V. 264; ©. 125), Fantee. Leyden Museum. e 3 (V. aN B gg ges of Guinea, - f. . 274; C.?). il River, . H, Johnston Pa ihe (V. 268; ©.126) Gaboon, ih tas 1] s O. 135). i, 2 (V. 266; 0.123). W. Africa, k. it (Se. 25; V.278; Zanzibar. 21. Dipsadomorphus cynodon. Dipsas cynodon, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 559; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. 1. xxi. fig. 2 (1890); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 268, pi. xi. Kgs, 10 11 (1837); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 308 (1864); Jan, Toon, 148, DIPSADOMORPHUS. 79 * Gén. 38, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1871) ; W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 244; Boettg. Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1894-95, no. 7, p. 4 1895). : Diveas ae part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 77 (1847). Opetiodon cynodon, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 907 (1854). Eudipsas cynodon, Giinth. Cat. p. 168 (1858). Pareas waandersil, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxi. 1860, p. 471 ; Edeling, op. cit. xxxi. 1870, p. 385. Anterior palatine and mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal square, or longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3 or 3+3; eight to ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, fourth and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Ventrals 248-290; anal entire; subcaudals 114-156. Total length 2050 millim. ; tail 480. Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, with dark brown or black transverse spots or cross-bars; a dark streak on each side of the head, behind the eye; belly yellowish, uniform or marbled with brown. a-b. Q (Sc. 25; V. 261; Toungoo, Burma. _E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. C. 114) & yg. (V. 257; C. 129). ce. 2 (V. 283; C. 142). Singapore, Dr. Dennys [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 264; C. 149), Singapore. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. e. Hgr. (V. 290; C.?). Singapore, f. Ad., bad state (V. 267; Bali. Dr. Bleeker. C. ?). (Type of Pareas waandersit.) g. & (V. 277; 0.149). Sandakan, N., Douglas Cator, Esq. Borneo. PP}. h. 3 (V. 266; ©. 152), Java? z 2 (V. 264; C.129). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. k. Q (V. 269; 0.145). —P Leyden Museum, 1. Skull of a. B. Dark brown or black above, with more or less distinct lighter cross-bars ; sides usually with a series of whitish spots on or close to the ventrals; belly black, or yellowish speckled with black ; head brown above, speckled with black ; -a black streak on each side of the head behind the eye; labials with black vertical lines on the sutures. a. & (V. 270; CO. 156). Malacca. " D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. [P.]. b. 3 (V. 285; C. 150), —? Zoological Society. ce o (V. 274; C. 144). —P Dr. Giinther [P.]. 80 COLUBRID. C. Fawn-colour, without spots or markings, or with traces of darker cross-bands. a. 2 (V. 268; C.132). Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.). b. His 3 (V. 261; C. Rejang R., Sarawak. Brooke tow, ae (Py 22. Dipsadomorphus forsteni. Triglyphodon forsteni, Dum. § Bibr. ene 1077 (1854). —— tessellatum, Dum. § Bibr, t.c. p. 1082. Dipsas forsteni, Jan, Elenco, p. 104 (1863); Giinth. . Brit. Ind. p. 809 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 187; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x). 1871, p. 489; Theob. Cat. t. Brit. Ind. p. 198 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 362 (1890). —— tessellata, Jan, /. c. ' —— cynodon, var., F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 689, Anterior palatine and mandibular’ teeth strongly enlarged. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad, or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal square, or deeper than long; one procular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals very small and numerous, scale-like; eight to eleven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as or a little larger than the posterior; latter separated from each other by scales. Scales in 25 to 31 rows, vertebral row feebly enlarged. Ventrals 254-270; anal entire; subcaudals 103-131. Brown above, uniform or with more or less regular, angular, black cross-bars, with or without white spots between them; usually a black band from the frontal shield to the nape, and another on each side behind the eye; lower parts white, uniform or spotted with brown. ' Total length 1720 millim. ; tail 330. India and Ceylon. a-b. Yg., dry. Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.}. ce, d, 4 3 Tee. 20; V. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. , 254; C. 111), hgr. (Se. 27; V. 269; C. 103), & ve. (Sc. 29; V. 268; C. 119). fg. 3 9, imperfect. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. h. 3 (Se. 29; V. 263; OC. Madras Pres, Sir W, Elliot [P.}. 112). i,k. 3 (Sc. 27; V. 262; India. C.111) & 92 (Se. 27; $ V. 265; C, 108). Ld ie 7; V.257; 0. ——P Zoological Society. 149, pDIPsSADOBOA. 81 The descriptions of the two following Snakes are insufficient, and as the dentition does not appear to have been examined, it is even doubtful whether they belong to the genus Dipsadomorphus as here defined :— Diesas BERTHOLDI, Jan, Elenco, p. 103 (1863), and Icon, Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 3 (1871). Rostral broader than deep; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal once and one fourth as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal ; three postoculars; temporals 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Body strongly compressed. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals enlarged. Above with dark spots forming interrupted cross-bands; two dark lines running along the belly and tail. Habitat unknown.—Prof. Ehlers informs me the specimen is no longer to be found in the Gottingen Museum. Drpsas onnata, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) iii, 1888, p. 416. Head broad, flat, rounded at the muzzle, and very suddenly con- tracted behind into a very narrow neck. Body elongate, compressed, and tapering to a very long fine tail, Loreal nearly square; a large preocular ; two small postoculars; nine upper labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 277 ; anal entire; subcaudals 120. Yellowish- - white, closely barred with black. Total length 610 millim.; tail 230. King’s Sound, N.W. Australia. 149. DIPSADOBOA. ' Dipsadoboa, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 182 (1858), Heterurus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 103 (1863), Anoplodipsas, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 442. Maxillary teeth 16 to 18, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; nasals concave. Body compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, disposed slightly obliquely, in 17 rows, the vertebral row enlarged ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 1. Dipsadoboa unicolor. _ Dipsadoboa unicolor, Giinth, Cat. p. 183 (1858), and Zool. Rec, 1872, p. 75 VOL. III. G 82 COLUBRID. Heterurus bicolor, Jan, Icon, Gén. 38, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1871). Anoplodipsas viridis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 442, pl. —. 4. Dipsadoboa assimilis, Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. 1898, p. 173. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye:;. five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 186-216; anal entire; subcaudals 66-100, Green or dark purplish brown above, yellowish beneath. Total length 790 millim. ; tail 160. West Africa. A. Green above. (V. 186;-0.68), - W.Africa. Mr. Rich [0.]. (Type. 4 3. 193; C. 76). Fernando Po, Dr. Giinther px B. Dark purplish brown above. a-b. 9 (V.199; C.?)& Riodel Rey. H.H. Johnston + [de hoa (W. 210; C. 08). Hien Ed ec. 9 (V. 194; C. 66). Gaboon. 150. RHINOBOTHRYUM. Rhinobothryum, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 186 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1060 (1854) ; Ginth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 176 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 357 (1837). Maxillary teeth 14, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril very large, verti- cally oval, between two nasals and the internasal; rostral shield very large. Body compressed ; scales keeled, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals angulate and feebly notched laterally. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical South America. ie Rhinobothryum lentiginosum, Coluber lentiginosus, Scopoli, Delic. Flor. Faun, Insubr, iii. p. 41, pl. xx. fig. 2 (1785). Rhinobothryum macrorhinum, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 186 (1830). 151. HIMANTODES, 83 Dipsas macrorhina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 289, pl. xi. figs. 31.& 3 (1837). Rhinobothryum lentiginosum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1061 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. i. fig. 3 (1871). Snout broad, truncate. Rostral very large, as deep as broad, separating the internasals, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; frontal as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 242; eight to ten upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields narrower and separated from each other by scales. Scales rather strongly keeled on the back, smooth on the sides, in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 245-278; anal divided ; subcaudals 114-120. Body with black annuli separated by narrower whitish annuli which are spotted with black in the middle on the back; head-shields black, edged with whitish. Total length 1380 millim. ; tail 300. Colombia, Guianas, Eastern Peru. a. 3 (Se. 19; V. 257; OC. 114). Yurimaguas, N.E. Peru. &. 3 (Se. 19; V. 275; C.117). —-P 151. HIMANTODES. Bungarus, part., Oppel, Ann. Mus. xvi. 1810, p. 391. Dipsas, part., Fitzng. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 180 (1880); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 169 (1858). Imantodes, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 507, and Erp. Gén. vil. p. 1064 (1854). Himantodes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 264; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 102 (1863), Maxillary teeth equal, 12 to 18, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, very distinct from neck ; eye very large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body very slender, strongly compressed; scales narrow, smooth, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows, vertebral row enlarged or not; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. Vertebral scales, on the thickest part of the body, broader than long ........ 1. cenchoa, p. 84. Vertebral scales, none broader than long 2. elegans, p. 85, G2 84 COLUBRID. II. Scales in 15 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged. 3. lentiferus, p. 86. III. Scales in 17 rows, vertebral row not or but very slightly enlarged A, Anal divided. 1. Frontal not twice as long as broad. Head twice or twice and a half as wide ene MOO eS cals oe hates 4. gemmistratus, p. 86. Neck extremely slender, not more than one third the width of the head .... 5. gracillimus, p. 87. 2. Frontal more than twice as long as broad. 6. inornatus, p. 88. B, Anal entire 52.262 0:60 secon ee 7. subequalis, p. 88. 1. Himantodes cenchoa. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xvi. figs. 2 & 3 (1735). Coluber cenchoa, Linn. S. N. i. p. 389 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p- 283 (1803). Bungarus cencoalt, Oppel, Ann. Mus. xvi. 1810, p. 392. Dipsas cenchoa, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 896 (1825) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 174 (1858), and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 175 (1895). 8 a weigelii, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. 826); Schleg. Phys. Serp. it p. 278, pl. xi. figs. 19 & 20 (1 cana Imantodes cenchoa, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1065 (1854 Himantodes cenchoa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1s¢i, p- 296, and Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 618. leucomelas, Cope, Ul. ce, — anisolepis, Cope, Amer, Nat. 1894, p. 618. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the arietals ; loreal as'long as deep or deeper than long, rarely a little onger than deep; one or two (rarely three) preoculars, frequently a small upper and a large lower; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1 or 242 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged, the largest broader than long. Ventrals 220-267; anal divided ; subcaudals 122-175. Pale brown or greyish above; head with dark brown spots or bands which may be separated by narrow light lines; body with 26 to 58 dark brown or reddish- brown spots or cross-bands edged with darker and lighter, narrowed on the sides, where they may break up into spots; lower parts whitish, dotted or powdered with brown, with or without a dark streak along the middle of the belly. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 340. Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America. 85 151, HIMANTODES. A. Posterior dorsal spots broken up on the sides, lateral spots being present. a. 2 (V. 287; C. 142). b-c. (V. 244; C. 145) & Q (V. 238; . 145). d. & (V. 235; C. ?). e. 2 (V. 267; C. 162). SF. & (V. 251; C. 168). . 2 (V. 248; C. 150). . : (V. 249; 0.171). i. Her. (V. 251; C. 161). k. 2 (V. 254; C. 160). B. Dorsal spots all melas, Cope.) a-e. 3 (V. 248, 281, 232, 939; C. 158, 154, 163, 147) & 2 (V. 220; O. 147). f. & (V. 230; C. 164). . 242; C. . 245; C, i aoe $C, 4 her. (V. 230, 233; ©. 152, 145). m. Her. (V. 234; C. 157). n. & (V. 240; C. 160). O-p. (V. 257; C. 167) & 2 (V. 236; C. 133). q. 3 (V. 236; C. 145). r. 9 (V. 246; C. 158). 8. 2 (V. 250; C. 154). t. 2 (V. 248; C. 167). u. 3 skeleton. (C. cenchoa, L.) Teapa, Tabasco. F. D. Godman, Esq. EPs Dr. Rothschuh [C.}. Hacienda Rosa de Jericho, Nicaragua, 3250 feet. Irazu, Costa Rica. F. D. Godman, Esq Panama. Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [C.]. Colombia. : Carthagena, Colombia. Capt. Garth [P.]. Trinidad. F. W. Urich, Esq. Surinam. Moyobamba, N.E. Peru. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.}. extending down to the ventrals. (H. leuco- Mexico, Mr, Hugo Finck [C.]. Jalapa, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman, Esq. a Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman, Esq. P.}. Orizaba, Vera Cruz. iP] Teapa, Tabasco. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.], Vera Paz, low forest. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Hacienda Rosa de Dr. Rothschuh [C.]. Jericho, Nicaragua, 3250 feet. Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. Rothschuh [C.}. Chiriqui. F. D. Godman, Esq. EPI. Pebas, Upper Amazon. H. W. Bates, Esq. Sa Le Madre de Dios, Bolivia. Nicaragua. ; 2. Himantodes elegans. Himantodes cenchoa, var. elegans, Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1871). Leptognathus stratissima, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 280 86 . OOLUBRID2. Himantodes semifasciatus, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 613. Di mmistrata (non Cope). Giinth, Biol. C. -Am. , Rept. p. 175 (1806). - Closely allied to the preceding, the only structural difference being that the vertebral scales are not so large, mostly longer than broad, the largest never broader than long. Ventrals 220-237; subcaudals 122-146. Pale brown above, head with dark brown, black-edged spots or symmetrical markings; forty to sixty dark brown black-edged large transverse spots on the body, the anterior extending right across down to the ventrals, the others confined to the back and accompanied on each side by a smaller spot; lower parts yellowish, dotted or powdered with dark brown. - Total length 810 millim.; tail 240. Central America. a-b. Her. ay 228, 220; Pacific Coast of Guate- O. Salvin, Esq. [C.] . ©, 124, 122). , mala. a 3 (V. 237 ; 6. 142) Cartago, Costa Rica. & 9 (V. 233, 231 ; 0. 137, 146). 3. Himantodes lentiferus. Himantodes lentiferus, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p, 613. Agrees in structure, and particularly in the largest vertebral scales being broader than’ long, with H. cenchoa, but differs in having only 15 rows of scales. Dorsal spots terminating in an angle near the ventrals ; no lateral spots. Total length 622 millim. ; tail 189. Eastern Ecuador. 4. Himantodes gemmistratus. Himantodes cenchoa (non L.), Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 264, gemmistratus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. » and Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 613. tenuissimus, Cope, Proe. Ae. peice 1866, p. 317, and Amer, Nat. 1894, p. 613. Dipsas gemmistratus, Cope, Journ: te, Philad. (2) viii. pei p 181, ee aoe latistrata, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1887, —— tenuissima, Cope, 1. c.; Giinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 176 aise — sp endida, Giinth. l. c. p- 176, pl. lvi. fig, A. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer than deep ; one preocular (rarely divided) not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+-2 (or 243); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four to six 151. HIMANTODEs. 87 lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior, Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals scarcely enlarged. Ventrals 223-250; anal divided; subcaudals 130-157. Pale brown above; head with dark brown spots or symmetrical markings; 35 to 50 dark brown spots or cross-bars on the body, lighter in the centre and sometimes edged with whitish, often connected by a narrow dark brown line on the middle of the back; lower parts whitish, dotted or powdered with brown. Total length 830 millim. ; tail 270. Mexico and Central America. A. 35 dorsal spots, broken up on the sides in the posterior half of the body. a. 2 (V. 228; C. ?). Yucatan. (Type of D. splendida.) B. 46 dorsal spots, all extending down to the ventrals. b, dg (V. 242; C. 155). Yucatan. C. 50 dorsal spots, broken up on the sides in the posterior fourth of the body. 3 (V. 231; C. 180). Hacienda Santa Gertru- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. dio, Mexico. = 5. Himantodes gracillimus. Dipsas gracillima, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 177, pl. lvi. fig. B (1895). Neck extremely slender, not more than one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular ; ; two post- oculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals not enlarged. Ventrals 244-253; anal divided; subcaudals 145. Pale brownish above, with 42 to 72 darker spots edged with blackish; these spots being much larger than the! interspaces between them, the body appears brown with pale black-edged cross-bars ; whitish beneath, dotted or powdered with brown. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 300. Mexico. a, & (V. 244; C.?). &. Mexico. F. D. Gada Esq. eat [P.]._ (Type.) b. od (V. 253; C. 145). Tres Marias Ids., W. Hr, A. Forrer [0.1]. ; Mexico. ao COLUBRID. 6. Himantodes inornatus. (Prare V. fig. 1.) Neck extremely slender, one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep ; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals not enlarged. Ventrals 206; anal divided; subcaudals 112. Pale brown above, with blackish dots and faint traces of black cross- bars; a black line along the occiput; whitish beneath, finely speckled with blackish and with a blackish median line. Total length 820 millim. ; tail 230. Nicaragua, a-b. 2 (V. 206; C. Hacienda Rosade Jeri- Dr, E. Rothschuh rer head & neck cho, 3250 ft. [C.]. 0 t. 7. Himantodes (?) subequalis. ag bya Soo Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 224, pl. ix. figs. Neck extremely slender, one third as wide as the head. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+4+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, vertebrals scarcely enlarged. Ventrals 226; anal entire; subcaudals 105, Uniform bluish green above, lighter beneath.. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 250. Habitat unknown, 152. LEPTODIRA. Sibon, ee . NV. Class. ee pp. 29, 81 (1826) Corone i Phys. ii, p. 50 (1887). Dipeas P 2 Bebleg. c. p. 857 ; lum. § Bibr. Ee Gén. vii, p. 1188 Heterurus, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. P. 1168. Leptodeira, Giinth, hg Col. Sn 1800, 65 ACs Sibon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1 Rare Eteirodipsas, part., ~~ Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 105 (1863). Crotaphopeltis, Jan, 1. c 152. LEPTODIRA. 89 Maxillary teeth 15 to 18, gradually and feebly increasing in length, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth, anterior slightly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal concave. Body cylindrical or moderately compressed ; scales smooth or faintly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals in two rows. : Tropical and South Africa; Tropical America, northwards to Texas. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anal entire; scales in 19 (exceptionally 17) rows; ventrals 144-180; subcaudals 32-54 .... 1. hotambeia, p. 89. II. Anal divided. A. Subcaudals 51-72; lateral spots none, or very small. 1. Seales in 19 rows. Seven upper labials ; ventrals 151-164. 2. punctata, p. 91. Eight upper labials; ventrals 170-196. 3. nigrofasciata, p. 92. 2. Scales in 21 to 25 rows. Nine upper labials; ventrals 188 .... 4. frenata, p. 92. Eight upper labials; ventrals 194.... 5. septentrionalis, p. 93. ' Eight upper labials; ventrals 160-180. 6. personata, p. 93. B. Subcaudals 71-107, 1. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; rostral twice as broad as deep ; lateral spots present. MIRNA OO oo aw asia, eendaie'ss « 7. ocellata, p. 94. Ventrals 172-211; 0.0.62. c.cecwess 8. albofusca, p. 95. 2. Scales in 19 (exceptionally 17 or 21) rows; ventrals 175- 195 ; rostral not twice as broad as deep. 9. annulata, p. 97. 1. Leptodira hotambeia. Seba, Thes. i. pl. xxxiii. fig. 6, & Ixxv. fig. 3 (1734). Coronella hotambeeia, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 85 (1768). virginica, Laur. 1. ¢. p. 86. Coluber rufescens, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1094 (1789); Daud. Rept. vii. p- 110 (1803). : — hitambeeia, Gel. 1. c. p. 1113. —— bicolor, Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 493 (1819). Ophis P ease ss, Duvernoy, Ann. Se, Nat. xxx. 1833, p. 9, pl. i. fig. 90 COLUBRID. Ophis albocinctus, Duvernoy, 1. c. p. 10, pl. ii. figs. 1-3. io rufescens, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 72, pl. ii. figs. 16 & 17 Dipsas paar Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 251, pl. i. figs, 18-20. Crotaphopeltis rufescens, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. App. p. 18 (1849); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 566; Jan, Icon. Géne 39, pl.ii. fig. 1 (1872); Boettg. Abh, Senck. Ges, xii, 1881, p. 398. Dipsas inornatus, Smith, 1. c. p. 20. Heterurus rufescens, Dum. § Bibr. Vii. p. 1170 (1854). —— hippocrepis, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. P 1177. Leptodeira rufescens, Giinth. Cat. p. 165 (1858); Boettg. Ber. Senck. es. 1887, p. 162, & 1888, p. 72. . Oxyropus melanocrotaphus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 260. “aa hitambocia, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 126 Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or a little longer than deep; one preeocular (rarely divided) ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 1+ 1 or 2; eight(rarely nine) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (exceptionally fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth) entering the eye; three or four pairs of large chin-shields, the anterior longer than broad and in contact with four and five lower labials, the others usually broader than long. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 (excep- tionally 17) rows. Ventrals 144-180; anal entire; subcaudals 32-54. Brown, olive, or blackish above, uniform or with whitish dots which may form cross-bars; a black band on the temple, usually connected with its fellow across the occiput; belly whitish. Total length 610 millim.; tail 90. Tropical and South Africa, as far north as Senegambia and Nubia. a, Hgr. (V. 159; C. 38). Gambia. T. ee Esq. b. Hgr. (V. 165; 0.39). Bissao. oe Mi Cornish, Esq. ce. Hgr, (V. 161; C. 44). Gold Coast. W. F. Evans, Esq. C.). d. 9 (V. 164; C.?). Fantee. T. E. Bowdich, Esq. LP (Type of 164; ©, Asaba, N 1. W. Crose, E e, f-l. 3 (V. 164; CO. Asaba, Niger. . W. Crosse : rae V. 160; ©, 41), (P.}. rer. her. (V. 155, 156; CO. 38, 33), & ye. (V. 161, 162, 159; ©. 44, 42, 40), m. 9 (V.167; 0.42). Congo. n-s. 9 (V. 159; C.39), Mkonumbi, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory . (V. 164, 153, [P.]. 146, 148; ©. 41, 50, 46, 46), & yg. (V. 164; 0.52), 152. LEPTODIRA. 91 t. 2 (V. 166; 0.34). Mt. Ruwenzori, 5000- gt Elliot, Esq. 6000 ft at - u-v. ira (V. 151, 169; Mt. Kilimanjaro. F, f Jackson, Esq. care : W. 160; C.38) Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. H. H. Johnston, Esq. g. (V. 153, 145, [P.]. ad 0, 43, 42, 39). a, 3 (V. 159; C. ‘40). Shiré highlands. H. s Johnston, Esq. g-8. ¢ (V.158; 0.42) Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [P.]. & her, (V. 166, 164; C. 87, 41). e. 9 (V. 151; C. 32). Johannesburg, Transvaal. Po. G. H. R. Fisk ¢. Yg. (V.159; C.41). Pretoria, Transvaal. W. L. Distant, Esq. n-6. Her. (V. 152,149; Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. C. 44, 43). (P.]. eA. Yg. (V. 154, 158, Port Elizabeth. J. Py Leslie, Esq. 162 ; j 0.6, 41, 40). u © (V. 164; ©. 42). Uniondale, Natal. Me Drage Fe v, &. 3(V. 156; C. 45) Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. & Q(V. 151; C.37). | vu. Yg. (V. 157 ; ; C.38). Grahamstown. Ber G. H. R. Fisk AF m. 2 (Sc.17; V.163; Cape of Good Hope. Lord ue [P.]. C. 45). p. © skeleton. S. Africa. 2. Leptodira punctata. Crotaphopeltis punctata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 93. Leptodira pacifica, Cope, Proc: Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 310; Giinth. tol. C-Am., Rept. p. 169 (1895). Sibon pacificum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 82, 1587, p. 67, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 678. Leptodira punctata, Bouleng. The Zool, 1887, p. 178, Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals much sborter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, separated from the frontal, usually with a small sub- ocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 151-164; anal divided ; subcaudals 61-65. Pale brown above, with four or five ° rows of small black spots; head with short black streaks; a light © occipital blotch with a short mesial black streak, followed by a pair of large black spots; upper lip yellowish; lower parts uniform white. Total length 490 millim. Mazatlan, Mexico. a. 9 (V.163; C.?). Presidio, near Mazatlan. Hr. A. Forrer[C.]. 92 COLUBRID, 3. Leptodira nigrofasciata, (Pxare V. fig. 2.) Leptodira nigrofasciata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 425, and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 169 (1895). —— mystacina, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 151; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am. p. 169. Sibon nigrofasciatum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 67, and Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 678. — mystacinum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, p. 67. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, with or without a small subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, sixth sometimes touching the parietal ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 170-196 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 56-70. Above with dark brown spots or semiannuli separated by narrow whitish ones, the first across the occiput; labials black-spotted ; a blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; lower parts white, Total length 480 millim.; tail 100. Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Nicaragua. a. 6 (V.170; C.70). Nicaragua. Dr. Seeman Fh ( -) b. g (V. 196; C.64). Tapana, Tehu- Prof. F. Sumichrast [C.]; 0. antepec. Salvin & F. D. oh ce, 9(V. 188; C. 56). ah! Dr. A. C. Buller [0.]. ity. 4, Leptodira frenata. Sibon frenatum, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. 1886, p. 184, & xiv. 1892, p. 677. Leptodira frenata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 178 (1895). Frontal twice as long as broad; loreal subquadrate ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal, with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 142; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth _entering the eye. Scales in 23 rows, Ventrals 188; anal divided ; subcaudals 69, Black above, with narrow grey cross-bands (one scale in width), which may be broken up and alternate on the vertebral line; head grey, densely mottled with blackish, occiput pale greyish ; a black streak on each side behind the eye; upper Jabials with black borders. Total length 305 millim. ; tail 66. Jalapa, Mexico, 152. LEPTODIRA. 93 5. Leptodira septentrionalis. Dipsas septentrionalis, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept. p. 16, pl. viii. fig. 1 (1859); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, . 266 Sibon annulatum septentrionale, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 38 (1875). Leptodeira septentrionalis, Steyneyer, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xiv. 1891, . 5095. Sibon septentrionale, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 877. Leptodira annulata, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 170 (1895). Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals’; loreal as long as deep; two preoculars, upper in contact with the frontal, with a small subocular below them; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; tive lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 194; anal divided; subcaudals 65-72, Greyish or pale brown above, with large, rhomboidal, transverse black spots descending to the sides; no lateral spots; head spotted with black, occiput whitish ; lower parts uniform whitish. Total length 720 millim.; tail 150. South-western Texas and North Mexico. a, & (Sc. 21; V. 194; C.72). Texas. Smithsonian Institution [P.]. 6. Leptodira personata. Dipsas annulata, var. C, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 166 (1858). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. Leptodira personata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 310; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 171, pl. liv. figs. A & B (1895). “leagaleed annulata, var. septentrionalis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 39, pl. i. fig. 2 (1872). elaiire rhombifera, Ginth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 32, and l, c. p. 173, pl. liv. fig. C. Sibon personatum, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 67, and Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 677. rhombiferum, Cope, li. ce. Leptodira splendida, Giinth. Biol. C-Am. p. 171, pl. liii. fig. B. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one or two proculars, usually in contact with the frontal, and usually a small subocular; two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering. the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior. chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 or 25 (rarely 21) rows. Ventrals 94 COLUBRID, 160-180; anal divided; subcaudals 53-72. Pale brown above, with large dark brown or blackish rhomboidal spots, which may be confluent to form a zigzag band; lateral spots absent or small; head dark brown, with a white or whitish cross-band on the occiput, rarely divided by a blackish median streak ; upper labials spotted or edged with brown; belly uniform white, without brown dots. Total length 780 millim. ; Mexico, Guatemala. 1 RE ety Pay arse W.AT4, 176, 169; C. 65, P,P) & 2 (Se. 28; V. 180, 172, 167 ; C. 62 60, 58). gn, o. 3 (Se. 25, 23; V. 160, 166; 64, 65) & 2 (Se. 23, 23, 28, 23, 23; V. 171, 175, 172, , 165, 172; C. 56, 57, P, P, 55, 60). Ses (Se, 28 V. 178; ©. & (Sc. 23; V. 180; ra “3 (Be. 21; V. 166; 0. 67) & Q (Sc. 28; V. 167; C, 66 t-v. 9 (Se. 25; V. 171; C. ?) & hgr. 8 23° 25; V. 174, 173; C. 72, 64). Ww. Ye (Se. 23; V. 166; C. 69). a-{. g (Sc. 23; V.165; C.68))9 (Sc. 25; v. 169, 166, 168, 166, 161; C. P, P, 57, 58, ry sty (Se. "98; Y, ’167, 159; C aye & ye. (Se. "93; Vv, 1738; ie ofr, g (Se. 23; V. 171, 170, 174; C. ne 70 87), 2 (Se. 23; V. 163; C 66), & rk (Sc. 23, 28, 25, 23, 23; V. 166, 167, 173, 174, 180; O. 65, 68, 55, 56, 58). . 2 (Se. 23; V. 176; C. 58). p-o. 9 (Sc. 21; V. 162; 0. 70) & hgr. (Se. 21; V. 164; C. 67). 7. ¥g. (Se. 213 V. 163; ©. 67). v. 2 (Sc. 25; V.170; 0.68). tail 135. Mexico, Mr. Hugo Finck [C.]. Mexico. Mr. Warwick [C.], Mexico, M, Sallé [C.]. Presidio, near Hr, A. Forrer[C.}. Mazatlan. Hacienda Sta. Dr. A. C. Buller Gertrudio, [C.}. Sto.Domingode Dr. A. C. Buller Guzman. C.). Tampico, F, Godman, Esq. [P.]. Jalapa. Mr. gee {C. a ; Big [P.]. Plateau of r, Die Esq. Mexico, Izucar, Mexico. ( ypes of L. splen- S. Mexico, F. a) Godman, Esq. [P. Rio Chisoynear O. “alee, Cubuleo, [C.}. (Type ot Guatemala, rhombifera.) 7. Leptodira ocellata. Le 05) ocellata, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 172, pl. lv. fig. B Sion eet rubricatum, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. 152. LEPToDIRA. 95 Intermediate between ZL. personata and L. albofusca. Agrees with the former in the stouter body with lower number of ventral ~ shields, with the latter in the length of the tail and number of caudal shields as well as in the coloration. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 158-169 ; subcaudals 74-83. Total length 500 millim.; tail 135. Central America. a. 3 (V. 166; C. 74). Chontalez, Ni- R. A. Rix, Esq.” caragua. 10-13 W. M. rowfoot, Esq. Py, | (Types.) b-d. g (V. 169; C.76); Cartago, Costa her. (V. 164; C. ?),& Rica. yg. (V. 158; C. 83). a e. ¢o (V. 161; C. 79). Panama, Capt. J. C. Dow [P.]}. 8. Leptodira albofusca. Coluber albofuscus, Lacép. Sep. ii. pp. 94 & 312 (1789). annulatus, Merr. Beitr. iii. p. 25, pls. iii. & iv. (1821). Dipsas annulatus, part., Schleg. Biys. Serp. ii. p. 294 (1837). —— annulata, var. B, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 166 (1858), and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 170 (1895). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 266. Leptodira annulata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 127; Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 90. Sibon ey ae yucatanense, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 67. — abitletin, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 677. yucatanense, Cope, 1. ¢. Leptodira affinis, Giinth. Biol. C-Am. p. 170. : yucatanensis, Giinth. 1. c. p. 171. —— polysticta, Giinth. l.¢. p. 172, pl. ly. fig. A. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; in- ternasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one or two preoculars, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, and a small subocular; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth (rarely third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye, four to six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 170-211; anal divided; subcaudals 71-95. Pale brown above, with one or two dorsal series of brown, darker edged spots which may be partly confluent into a zigzag band or form cross-bands which do not descend to the ventrals; a lateral series of spots; frequently a dark median line on the occiput; a dark streak behind the eye; lower parts whitish, frequently with fine brown specks. 96 Total length 950 millim. ; Tropical America. a,b. Q (Se. 23; V. 198 "202; ©. 84, 79). j e-d. g (Sc. 21; V. 197; og) & 2 (Sc. 21; V. k. d (Se. 28; V. tf xg. (Sc. 28; V. 195; ©. 85). “> 2 (Sc. 21; V. 186; oS) ae (Se. | ee 171; C. P). 0. Ye. (Sc. 21; V. 198; C. 88). p- Fo — 28; V. 204; q: a “Re. fi; V, 2113 r. o “bee. 28; V. 192; a 2 Se 21; V. 198; ?), her. (Se. 21, = v 177, 179; C. 86, . (Se. 21; V. 193? ) w. 3% (Sc. 21; V. 189; e 9 (Ge. 2; V. 185 ; bs “3 Be.21; ae C. ?) & 9 (Sc. 23; V. 198; C. 75). a-f. Her. (Se. 21; V. 170, 174; C. 90, 95). ‘ or ‘So. ne V. 174; é. 2 (Be 21; V. 191; 9. x nt 21; V. 182; Oe (Sc. 21; V. 184; ‘ me (Se. 21; V. 194; COLUBRID. tail 220. Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. sr pe Tamau- pas, Huatuzco, Cru Z. Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Jalapa. Cozumel Id., Yu- catan. Yucatan. Honduras. Belize. Panama. Chiriqui. C, America. W. Ecuador. Guayaquil, Carthagena. Caracas. Venezuela. Brit. Guiana. Demerara. Demerara. Berbice. M.Sallé [O.]. of L. polysticta, Mr. Warwick [C.]. Mr. H. Finck [C.]. F. Godman, Esq. F. D. ‘Godman, Esq. UP Noege Mr. C.]; F. D. (hodinga, [P.]. (Type of L. polysticta. y Hoege [C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Mr. F. Gaumer [C. a Mr. Dyson [C.]. F. D. Godman, F Esq. [P.]. Be cy of Z 2, py [P.] Dr, Giinther [P.]. (Type of L. affinis.) Mr. Fraser ros. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Capt. Garth [P.]. Mr. Dyson [C.]. Demerara Mus. [P.]. Mr. Snellgrove [0.]. Dr, Hancock [P.]. Lady Essex [P.]. 152. LEProDIRA. 97 x. o& (Se. 21; V.186; Berbice. d. Bigs Ge 21; V.190; Pernambuco. J. P. G. Smith; Esq. pe ok (ey 21; V.196; Para. R. s siete Esq. v. Hgr. (Sc. 21; V.176; Asuncion,Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. é. 1g, (e 28; V.208; ——P? Haslar Collection. o. Skull. Mexico. 9. Leptodira annulata. Coluber annulatus, Zinn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 34, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1754), and &. N. i. p. 386 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 869 (1803). Dipsas annulata, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 294 (1887). —— annulata, var. A, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1141 (1854). Leptodeira annulata, part., Giinth. Cat. be 166 (1858). Sibon annulata, part., Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 266. Eteirodipsas annulata, Jan, Elenco, p. 105 (1863). Dipsas approximans, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 32. Eteirodipsas wieneri, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 146*, Rostral once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal, rarely with a very small subocular below it; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely third and fourth or fourth and fifth only) entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact wich the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 (exceptionally 17 [spec. n] or 21 [spec. h]) rows, the vertebrals sometimes slightly enlarged. Ventrals 175-196; anal divided; subcaudals 78-107. Yellowish or brown above, with a dorsal series of large dark brown or blackish spots often confluent into an undulous or zigzag band ; lateral spots usually small or absent; a dark streak behind the eye ; occipital region whitish in the young; lower parts white. Total length 730 millim.; tail 175. Tropical South America. a-b. 5 (V. 183, 182; C. ?, Rio de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber 95). Colombia. [Ot e-d. 2 (V. 193,178; C. 80, Chyavetas, N.E. Mr. i. Bartlett P). eru. [C.]. (Types of D. approximans.) * IT am indebted to M. Bocourt for notes on the type specimen. VOL. III, H 98 COLUBRID. ; .193,184; 0.89, Sara N.E. Peru. Mr. W.Davis[C.]; “Egy (V. ’ ; ’ yacu, sos. Le g-m, n-o. (V.191,189; Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. t H. Roff C. 98, 96), 9 (V. 192, eru. [C.}. 189, 190; CO. 89, 82, P), her. (V. 194, 182; ©. 96, 0: 98). yg. (V. 175; p. 2 (V. 187; C. 78). Santarem. H. “ih Bates, Esq. . do (V.192; C. 94). Upper Amazon. og “Se ty © (V. 186, 194, 187; Rio Ucayali. Epa A. Goldi O. 87, 82, 82). ¥ u. Yg. (V. 190; 0. 90). Upper Amazon. ae p Bartlett v. ¢ (V. 190; C0: 97). Madre de Dios, Bolivia. ig w. 3 (V. 194; C. 98). Charobamba, Bolivia. x. Hgr. (V. 192; C. 97). Para. R. Graham, Esq. i Bowachea y-z. d (V. 184,179; 0.89, 8S. America. . Bowerbank, 84), Crete Esq. [P.]. 153. CHAMZATORTUS. Chameetortus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, p. 810. Maxillary teeth 12, gradually and feebly increasing in length, followed, after a short interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil ; posterior nasal concave; loreal entering the eye. Body compressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. East and Central Africa. .1. Chametortus aulicus. Chameetortus aulicus, Giinth. J. c. pl. xxvi. fig. 2; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 128 (1882). Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than long, a little shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep, bordering the eye below a small preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 172-195; anal entire ; subcaudals 81-95. Brown above, the back with numerous whitish, dark-edged cross-bars, the sides spotted with whitish; head whitish, spotted and marbled with brown, and with a brown streak on each side, passing through the eye; labials edged with brown; beneath white, | 154. oxyRHOPUS. 99 Total length 640 millim.; tail 160. East and Central Africa. a, Hgr. (V. 195; C. 81). Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.}. i 3g (V. 190; C, 95). Lake Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 154. OXYRHOPUS. Pseudoboa, part., Schneid. Hist. i ii, p. 281 (1801). Scytale (mon Latr.), part., Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820); Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). i. Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1837). Coluber, part., Schleg. t. c. p. 125. Sphenocephalus, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 48 (1846), Siphlophis, Fizng. 1. c. p. 56. Rhinosimus (non Latr.), Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 991; Giinth. 1. ce. p. 10. Brachyruton, Dum. § Bibr, t.c. p. 1002; Jan, lc. p. 91. Olisthenes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 296. Phimophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 79. Maxillary teeth 10 to 15, subequal, followed, after an interspace, ‘by a pair of moderately enlarged grooved teeth situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate or rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical or feebly com- pressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals single or in two rows. Central and South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals in two rows. A. Normally eight upper labials; preocular reaching the upper surface of the head. 1. Preocular in contact with, or, exceptionally, narrowly sepa- rated from the frontal; ventrals 174-225. a. Black cross-bars, if present, not disposed in threes. Eye moderate; subcaudals 78-126 .... 1. petolarius, p. 101. Eye rather small; subcaudals47-80 .. 2. rhombifer, p. 103. 6. Black cross bars, if present, disposed in threes. Snout rather prominent ; subcaudals 55- 3. trigeminus, p. 104. Snout not prominent; subcaudals 76-89. 4. bitorquatus, p. 104, H2 eevee eeeeeeeeeeere sees ereee et enreae 100 COLUBRID. 2. Preocular separated from the frontal. a. Ventrals 172-206; subcaudals 51-85. a. Eye rather small, not half the length of the snout. Black cross-bars disposed in threes ; head PPAOK GDOWO Sh o'h cscs sree see se a 5. melanogenys, p. 105.. Black cross-bars or annuli not disposed in threes; head black above........ 6. doliatus, p. 106. Complete black annuli round the body ; head uniform yellow or orange...... 7. formosus, p. 106. B. Eye moderate, about half the length of the snout, Loreal present, at least twice as long as 1 METERS RE ee 8. labialis, p. 107. pene i often absent; if present, short .. 9. clathratus, p. 107. b. Ventrals 232-236 ; subsdaticls 77-81. 10. fitzingeri, p. 108. B. Normally seven upper labials; preocular not or but just reaching the upper surface of the head. 1. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal. Frontal a little longer than broad; sub- caudals 64-93 .........esereeees 11. clelia, p. 108. Frontal as long as broad; subcaudals 51. 12. maculatus, p. 110. 2. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal. Preocular moderate, just reaching the upper surface of the head; subcaudals BI MOD Soon sine 0n's 69 06 ee Bee ey .-. 13, occipitoluteus, p. 110. Preocular very small; subcaudals 44-61. 14. rusticus, p. 111. II. Subcaudals single. A. Scales in 17 rows; rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle posteriorly, its upper portion not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal; seven upper MOE FR re cb eu ce rie ete) 6 15. coronatus, p. 111, B. Scales in 19 rows; normally eight upper labials. Rostral much broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle posteriorly, its upper portion not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal........ 16. neuwiedti, p. 112, Rostral nearly as deep as broad, forming a right or acute angle posteriorly, its upper portion at least two thirds its distance from the frontal .......... 17. querini, p. 118, 154, oxyRHoPvs. 101 TABLE sHOWING NuMBERS oF ScALES AND SHIELDS. Se. Vv. 0. Lab. |] DELOLATUUS ...cencasvsesecsecess 19 191-222 78-126 8 (9) Yo Reebd fer ..25) csbhe cdeasesss 19 174-225 47-80 8 UIGEMINUS ...sesesvenssvevsees 19 174-203 | 55-88 8 ] DiCOrquatus ...cccccccsceceess 19 185-206 76-89 8 MELANOGENYS .osceeessvecsecees 19 206 79 8 COMMONS .....0sssieosasecerseeess 19 183-199 61-80 8 SOPMMOBUS — ecsechvadessceseorer 19 182-203 51-73 8 ORE face SRS 19 172-201 57-78 8 CLALMIatus ...c..cnnsssoeesesse 19 190-205 66-85 8 PANG ETE evcsascecsineee. cones 19 232-236 77-81 8 GEG 5. IEAM aap es oe sisccneeés 17-19 198-237 64-93 7 (8) SAOULTERE < saebadesess..seeces 19 214 51 7 OCCIpitolUteUs s.sersserseeees 19 204-215 67-85 “hig! PRIGOME 5, 1, trates coseescsgiess 19 197-223 44-61 7 (8) COPONMINIB™ sigassesssccessuseses 17 171-208 80-97* ys NMEUWHEAE. sasrerceccsccesececes 19 177-205 64-96* 8 (7) DP GMOPONE Kanye akaesvecss ceases 19 185-211 70-99* 8 (7) * All or most single. 1. Oxyrhopus petolarius. Coluber petolarius +, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 35, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 387 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 307 (1863). —— pethola, Linn. S. N.i. p. 387. digitalis, Reuss, Mus. Senckend, i. 1834, p. 148, pl. ix. fig. 1. Lycodon petolarius, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 122, pl. iv. figs. 20 ee 21 (1837). —- er yigiby semifasciatus, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p, 54, pl. vii. (1846) Oxyrhopus multifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1019 (1854). —— spadiceus, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 1028. —— immaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1029; Guichen. in Casteln, Anim, Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 64, pl. xiii’, (1855) ; Ginth, Cat. p. 191 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1870). — bipraocularis, Dum. § Bibr, t. ce. p. 1030; Gtinth. 1. c. —— petolarius, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 1033 ; Giinth, Proce, Zool. Soe. 1859, p. 414; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. vi. fic. 2, & 386, pl. i. figs. 1 & 2 (1870) ; Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) vill. 1876, Pp. 132 ; Giinth. “T, C-Am., t. p. 167 (1895). ‘JB, Dum. wa Bibr. t. e. p. 1036. - moderately large, its diameter about half the length of the ~uvut, Which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and one fifth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer t The name is misspelt “ petalarius” in the ‘Systema Natura,’ 102 COLUBRID. than deep; one prwocular (sometimes divided) usually forming s. suture with the frontal, sometimes, however, narrowly separated from it; two (exceptionally one or three) postoculars; temporals 243; eight (exceptionally nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 191-222; anal entire ; subcaudals 78-126 pairs. Coloration variable. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 220. Mexico, Central America, Tropical South America, A. Black above, with numerous (50-75) narrow yellow cross-bands,. the first on the nape; these bands sometimes interrupted in the middle. (C. petolarius, L.) a, ies! (V. 206; C. 102). Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [C.]. 3d (V. 204; C. 117) Vana? Mr. D [C.] enezu Mr, Dyson [C.]. & ye. (V. 119 119; ©. 115). . d. 9° (V. 218; O. 89). Caracas, hy 3 (V.200; C. 89), British Guiana, nay mt ©. 104), & gr. (V. 197; C. 83). it i. = (V. 103 C.94) & Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove [C.]. Q (V. 211; ©). k. 2 (V. 208; C. 87). Berbice l. 2 (V. 200; C. 92). Surinam P Lidth de Jeude Coll. B. Light cross-bars (sometimes reduced to large spots on the sides) fewer (15-25) and far apart. V. 209; C.115), Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser (Gi i Xe. { . 202 ; 0. 116) Ecuador. Mr. Buckle o-d, e, f. . Her. 9 (V.212, Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. ff (C.}. 208, 205 ; C. 100, 121, eru. 101) & yg. (V. 216; ‘C, 119). g- 3 (V. 209; C. 126). Sarayacu,N.E. Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; h-t. 9 (V. 222; eee 4 Dr sed urimaguas, Huallaga ahne yg. (V. 210; 6501 ). am dope: k. do (V. 214; C. 115). —— Pebas. H.W. Bates, Esq.[C l. Hgr. (V. 208 ; ©. 89). Pernambuco. Mf Py For bes, e m. Yg. (V.191; C.101). Bahia. ; n. Hgr. (V.203; C. 109). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. C. prac § dark brown above, or with faint traces of light bars as in a. 2 (V. 220; C. 97). merce N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff[0.]. 6. 2 214; C. 98). Yungas, Bolivia. as YY. 202; C. 100). aaron uco, 154, oxyRHOPUS. 103 D. Above barred black and red, the red bars, which may be dotted with black, as broad as or a little narrower than the black, and 30 to 40 in number; the black bars usually forming complete annuli on the tail. a. 2 (V. 207; C. 80). Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck [C.}, b. 9 (V. 204; C.85). Atoyac, Guerrero. Mr. H.H. Smith [C.]; F.D.Godman, Esq. c. Hgr. (V. 193; C. 78). Vera Paz (low forest). of Silvia, Esq. [C.]. d-e. Hgr. (V. 204, 197; Chontalez, Nicaragua. . ©. 105, 95). SF. 2 (V. 210; C. 80). Chontalez, Nicaragua. R.A. Rix, Esq.'[C.];_ - W. M. Crowfoot, Esq. [ P.]. g. Yg. (V. 206; 0.97). Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. Rothschuh [C.}. h,t. d (V. 205; C.88) & Hacienda Rosa de Dr. Rothschuh [C.|. her. (V. 198; C. 92). Jericho, Nicaragua, 3250 ft. k-l. Her. (V. 205, 194; Costa Rica. C. 88, 103). m. Her. (V. 213; C.109). W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. n. Yg..(V. 210; 0.93). Quito. 2. Oxyrhopus rhombifer. Lycodon formosus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 113 (1837). Oxyrhopus rhombifer, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1018 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. gin 35, pl. v. fig. 2 (1870); Berg, a Ac, Cordoba, v. 1884, z subpunctatus, Dum. § Bubr. t. c. p. 1016. —— dorbignyi, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1024. —— petolarius, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 190 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco, p. 94 1863). P Coronel bachmanni, Weyenb. Period. Zool. Cordoba, ii. 1876, p- Eye rather small, its diameter one half (young) to one third the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one preeocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-225; anal entire; subcaudals 47-80 pairs. Red or pale brown above, the scales tipped with black, with black cross-bands or rhomboidal transverse spots; upper surface of head, as far as the posterior third or fourth of the parietal shields, black; yellow beneath, uniform or dotted with black. Total length 900 millim. ; tail 160. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia. a-b. b (V.205; 0. 68) & Brazil. Mr. Clausen [C.]. ~ Q (V. 216; ©. 57). COLUBRID, Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering * 903, [C.]. . 180; 0.47). Paraguay. 99 ; ) Asuncion, Paraguay. Uruguay. Charocampa, Bolivia. Prof. Grant [P.]. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 3. Oxyrhopus a Lycodon formosus, part., sri Ph Phys. Serp. ii. p. 118 (1887). Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Dum. . Vii. Hy {013 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 191 (1858). —— tergeminus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. i. fig. 4 (1870). Eye moderate or rather small, its.diameter two fifths to one half the length of the snout, which is obtuse but rather prominent. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep; one pra- ocular, forming a narrow suture with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-203; anal entire ; subcaudals 55-83 pairs. Red above, some or all of the scales tipped with black, with more or less regular black cross-bars disposed in threes ; head yellow or red above with a black blotch on the crown, some- times extending on the snout; yellow beneath. Total length 660 millim. ; tail 115. Guianas, Brazil. a-b. g (V.179; C. 70) & Q Demerara, Capt. Sabine [P.]. (V. 195; ©. 56). . 2 (V. 198 ; ©, 64). Pernambuco, W. A. Forbes, Trad Z. da (V. 181; ©. 73). Pernambuco. .H. N, oie Ty 1 ha 1985 ayn 57) & hgr. Bahia. Mr, K rhe Ww 100, er ls P,P). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C. ], V. 174; Rio Janeiro, OD, Pa Barker, Esq, k-l. g V. 181; C. Hh & 9 8S, America. W. F. Evans . [P.]. ro 180; Gay ) Esq. [P.] 4, Oxyrhopus bitorquatus. (Pare VI. fig. 1.) Oxyrhopus trigeminus, var., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 401. ? Oxyrhopus submarginatus, Peters, l. ¢. Gir at bitorquatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout; 154. oxyRHopPvs. 105 snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just ‘visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, usually forming a narrow suture with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 185-206; anal entire; subcaudals 76-89 pairs. Red above, the scales tipped atid edged with black ; head black above, usually with a light cross-band behind the parietals and one or two black cross- bands on the nape; the snout sometimes yellow ; black cross-bands _ disposed in threes may be present on the body ; lower parts yellow. Total length 890 millim.; tail 175, Upper Amazon, Bolivia. a. Yg. (V.197; C.85). Peruvian Amazon, Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. (Type.) b. 3 (V. 206; C. 76). Upper Amazon. Mr. rh Bartlett [C.]. cd. 3 (V. 187, 185; oyobamba, Peru. Mr.A.H. Roff[C. C. 81, 82). é. & (V.191; C.?). Pozuzu, Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Messrs. Veitch | P.]. ft, g- & (V. 196, 185; Sarayacu, Peru. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; ~ ©. 89, 88) Messrs. Veitch hi. & (V. 194, 197; RB. Ucayali. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. C. 87, 86). k. Yg. (V. 206; C. 76). Yungas, Bolivia. 5. Oxyrhopus melanogenys. Sphenocephalus melanogenys, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 49, pl. iv. (1846). Oxyrhopus tergeminus, part., Jan, Icon, Gén. 36, pl. i. fig. 3 (1870). Eye small, its diameter not more than one third the length of the snout; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep ; one preocular, reaching the upper surface of the head but separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 206; anal entire; subcaudals 79 pairs. Red or pale reddish brown above, dotted with blackish brown; head blackish brown above; nape blackish brown or with a pair of black cross-bands ; anterior half of body with a few black cross-bands disposed in threes; belly yellowish. Total length 680 millim. ; tail 170. Chanchamayo, Peru. 106 COLUBRID. 6. Oxyrhopus doliatus. Oxyrhopus doliatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1020 (1854). —— formosus (non Wied), Giinth. Cat. p. 190 (1858). Eye rather small, its diameter two fifths the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 183-199; anal entire; subcaudals 61-80 pairs. Above with broad black annuli; the anterior much wider than the red or reddish-brown interspaces between them ; head black above, with a light occipital blotch or a narrow collar ; the black annuli may be interrupted on the belly; the red scales. tipped with black. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 115. Brazil. A, Annuli complete, broad. a. Yg. (V. 199; C. 61). ——: Messrs. Veitch [P.].. B, Annuli interrupted on the belly, all except the six or seven anterior much narrower than the red interspaces. a, b. go (V. 186, 183; C. 77, 80). —? Zoological Society.. 7. Oxyrhopus formosus. Coluber formosus, Wied, N, Acta Ac. Leop. Carol. x. 1820, i. p, 109,. Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 881 (1825), and Adbbild. (1825). Duberria formosa, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 56 (1825), Lycodon formosus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 118 (1887), Oxyrhopus formosus, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1022 (1854); Jan, Elenco, . 93 (1863). ? Oxyrhopus leucocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1038. Eye rather small, its diameter one third to two fifths the length of the snout, which is rounded and feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as. its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 182-203; anal entire; subcaudals 51-73 pairs. Body 154. oxyRHOPUS. 107 greenish in front, red behind, each scale with a black dot, with- black annuli which are narrower on the belly than on the back; head uniform orange. Total length 870 millim.; tail 165. Brazil. a. 9 (V. 194; C. 67). Bahia. Dr. O. Nreneee LO: b. 2 (V. 203; C. 67). S. America. Liverpool Mus. [E.]. 8. Oxyrhopus labialis. Oxyrhopus labialis, Jan, Elenco, p. 93 (1863), and Icon, Gién. 35, ai. fig. 2 (1870). — dorbignyi (non D. § B.), Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iv. fig. 3. Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout, which is rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (or three) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-201; anal entire; subcaudals 57-78. Pale brown or red above, with or without rhomboidal transverse spots ; head dark brown or blackish above; yellow beneath. Total length 760 millim. ; tail 130. Argentina. A. No dorsal spots ; all the scales with a blackish terminal dot. a. 6 (V.172; C. 68). Argentina. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. B. A series of large rhomboidal transverse spots on the body and tail, the interspaces between them dotted with black. a. 2 (V. 201; C. 61). Cosquin, Cordova. E. W. White, Esq. [C. }. b. ¥g. (V. 194; C. 64). Salta. Herbert Druce, Esq. [P.]. 9. Oxyrhopus clathratus. Oxyrhopus clathratus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1026 (1854) ; Gutchen. in: Casteln. Anim, Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 63, pl. xii.a@ (1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iii. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout, which is rounded and scarcely prominent. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually fused with the prefrontal ; one preocular, 108 COLUBRID, - just reaching the upper surface of the head but separated from the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 190-205; anal entire; subcaudals 66-85 pairs. Dark brown or blackish above, with yellowish cross- bars widening towards the belly and usually more or less inter- rupted on the back; yellow occipital collar, if present, narrow ; yellow beneath, posterior ventrals and subcaudals sometimes spotted — with blackish. Total length 790 millim.; tail 170. Brazil. a, o (V.197; C. 74). Porto Real, Proy. Rio M. Hardy du Dréneuf Janeiro. (C} b. Yg. (V. 190; ©. 74). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.}. 10. Oxyrhopus fitzingeri. ebehle fitzingeri, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 56, pl. viii. 846) Oxyrhopus fitzingeri, Jan, Elenco, p. 93 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 35, pl. v. fig. 1 (1870). Eye moderate, its diameter about half the length of the snout; snout rounded, slightly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head and widely separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 232-236; anal entire; subcaudals 77-81 pairs. Yellowish above, with numerous small black spots irregularl arranged ; upper surface of head speckled with black; a large black blotch on the nape; nniform yellowish beneath. Total length 980 millim.; tail 190. Peru. a. 2 (V. 282; OC. 81). Peru. Prof, Nation [P.}. 11. Oxyrhopus clelia, Coluber cleelia, Daud. - vi. p. 330, pl. Lxxviii. (1803). Ta ata Wied, Reise n. Bras. i, p. 95 (1820), Beitr. i. p. 314 (1825), and ‘Abbild, (1829) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 152, pl. vi. figs. 3 & 4 (1837). ath occipitalis, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 21, pl. vi. fig. 2 1824), ~ 154, oxyrHopPts. 109° Clelia daudinii, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826). Duberria plumbea, Fitzing. 1. c. p. 56. Lycodon cleelia, part., Schleg. J. c. p. 114. Brachyruton plumbeum, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1005 (1854). — cleelia, ? ag §& Bibr. t. c. p. 1007; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 684. Oxyrhopus plumbeus, Giinth. Cat. p. 189 (1858), and Proc. Zool. oc. 1859, p. 414; Garm. Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, P » 285. — clelia, Giinth. Cat. p. 189; Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1873, p. 607 ; Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 76. Scolecophis scytalinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 320. Brachyrhyton cleelia, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. i, fig. 1 (1870). plumbeum, Jan, /. c. fig. 3. Eye rather small, its diameter about one third the length of the snout in the adult; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,. shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually longer than deep, sometimes absent; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head ; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 243; seven (exception- ally eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 198-237; anal entire ; subcaudals 64-93 pairs. Adult uniform dark grey, olive- grey or blackish above, yellowish white beneath, the subcaudals often spotted or margined with blackish. Young sometimes blackish above, but usually pale brown or red, with or without a dark brown dot on the end of each scale; head and nape blackish, with a more or less broad yellow area across the occiput and temples. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 340. A larger specimen, with - injured tail, measures 2100 millim. to vent. Mexico and Central America; Tropical South America; Lesser West Indies. A. Seales in 19 rows. a. 9°(V. 237; C.81). Guatemala. Tet of Jamaica. b. Yg. (V. 233; C. 82). Panama, Zoological Society. c. Yg. (V. 224; C. 98). Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [o. Colombia. d. & (V. 211; C.79). Guayaquil. H. B. James, Esq. [P.', e, f. 2 (V.210; C.85) Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]. © & yg. (V. 203; C. 91). Peru. 3 (V. 214; 0.73), Peru. Warsaw Museum [P.}. 3 (V. 220; C.90). Caracas. 3 (V. 206; C. 76). Berbice. Yg. (V.211; C.71). Demerara, Mr. Snellgrove [C.]. Yg. (V. 208; C. 85). Surinam. 110 COLUBRID. nm. 2 (V. 231; C.?) Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. & yg. (V. 218 ; C. 92). o. fo (V. 218; C.85). Sta. Catharina. Dr. F. Werner [E. p. Ye. (V. 204; C. 64). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.}. q% Brazil. B. Scales in 17 rows. a-b. Yg. (V. 206, 201; City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.]. C. 83, 81). c-e. do (V. 198; C.75) W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.}. & PCY 215, 219; O. P, P). Ff. Q (V. 282; C.?). Demerara. Capt. Sabine [P.]. g. Q (V. 285; C. 72). Dominica. o oy Ramage, Esq h. & (V. 222; 0.82). St. Lucia. ar Ramage, Esq. 12. Oxyrhopus maculatus. (Prare VI. fig. 2.) Snout broad, not prominent; eye small. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two post- oculars; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, Ventrals 214; anal entire; subcaudals 51 pairs, Dark brown above and below, with scattered, irregular, yellowish-white spots. Total length 1400 millim. ; tail 180; Uruguay. a, 2 (V. 214; CO. 51). Uruguay. 13, Oxyrhopus occipitoluteus. Brachyruton occipitoluteum, Dum, § Bibr.. vii. p. 1009 (1854) ; Guachen. in Casteln, Anim. nouv, Amér, Sud, Rept. p. 62, pl. xi. xe: Jan, Icon. Gén. ge i i. fig. 2 (1870) ; Boettg. Zeitschr. . Naturw. (4) iv. 1885, p. 236. Eye rather small; snout rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head but widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a a 154. oxyRHoPUs. 111 little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 204— 215; anal entire; subcaudals 67-85 pairs. Greyish or brown above, - uniform or scales edged with blackish ; upper surface of head and nape blackish brown, with or without a yellow band across the temples and occiput; lower parts yellowish white, subcaudals edged with brown. Total length 820 millim. ; tail 145. Paraguay. a. 2 (V. 215; C. 67). Asuncion. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. 14, Oxyrhopus rusticus. Brachyruton plumbeum, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1004 (1854). — clelia, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1870). Oxyrhopus rusticus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 92. Snout more conical and eye smaller than in O.clelia. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, small; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; seven (exceptionally eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as~or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 197-223; anal entire; subcaudals 44— 61 pairs. Yellowish brown or pale brown above, some or all of the ‘scales edged with blackish brown ; uniform yellowish beneath. Total length 1140 millim.; tail 140. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. a-b. Hgr. 2 (V. 223; 8. Lorenzo, Rio Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. C. 44) & yg. (V. 201; Grande do Sul. C. 61). e. & (V. 197; C. 60). Buenos Ayres. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. d-e. 3 (V.211; C. 54) Argentina. 3 & Q (V.210; C, 45). 15. Oxyrhopus coronatus. Pseudoboa coronata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 286 (1801). Boa coronata, Daud. Rept. v. p. 220 (1803). Scytale coronaia, Merr. Tent. p. 91 (1820) ; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 999 (1854). Lycodon cleelia, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 114, pl. iv. figs. 12 & 13 (1837). ’ ’ Pp. i. p »P 88 Scytale coronatum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858). Eye rather small, about one third the length of the snout in the adult ; snout broad, rounded, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle above, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal; 112 COLUBRID. internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as: broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one prae- ocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 1+2, 2+2, or 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 171-208; anal entire;. subcaudals 80-97, single. Reddish or pale brown to blackish above,. paler brown or yellowish on the sides; upper surface of head and nape blackish, with or without a yellowish band across the temples and occiput ; ‘beneath yellowish white. Total length 870 millim.; tail 200. A larger specimen, with injured tail, measures 1060 millim. to vent. Guianas, Brazil. . a, ¢ (V. 171; C. 84). Demerara. J. J. Quelch, b. do (V.177; 0.96). Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P c. 2 (V.190; C.80). Para. d,e $ (V.208;C.83) Rio Janeiro. A, Fry, Esq. ait & yg. (V. 199; C. 82). i V. 201; C. ?). ae? Organ Ab E. Petre, Esq.. g- 2 (V. 199; C, 82). Brazil. Dr, Gardner [C.]}. 16. Oxyrhopus neuwiedii. Se = coronata, Wied, Abbild. tiga Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 860, p. 79; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. v. & 4 (1870), Lycodon cleelia, part., Schleg. Phys. Piao te il. o 114 (1887). —— clelia, T’rosch. in ee pak Brit. Guian. iii, é53 (1848). Scytale neuwiedii, part Bibr. vii. p. 1001 Gigbay, —— coronatum, forge Ginth, at. p. 187 (1358), Olisthenes euphzeus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 296. Pseudoboa neuwiedii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 260, Olisthenes coronatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 107. Eye rather small ; snout obtuse, moderately projecting. Rostral broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle above, the portion visible from above measuring about one half its distance from the frontal ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preeocular, not reaching the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3; eight (excep- tionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 177-205; anal entire; subcaudals 64-96, single. Pale brown or whitish above, uniform or with a few scattered blackish spots; upper surface of head and ‘ ae i. 154, oxYRHOPUS. 113 nape dark brown or blackish, with or without a yellowish band across the temples and occiput; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 1180 millim.; tail 240. Tropical South America ; Panama. a, Yo. (V. 190; C, 64). Cayenne. H. 0. Rothery, Esq.[P.]. b,c,d. 3 (V. 185; C. 81 Caracas. & ye. (V. 190, 184; ™ 78). é. 3 (V. 189; ©. ?). Trinidad, FE. 2 190; C, ?). Trinidad. C. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. g. Her. (V. 198 ; C. 77). Bogota. C. Laverde, Esq. [P.]. h. 3 (V. 188; C. 96). Panama. Mr, Fraser [C.]. 1,k. & (V. 197; C. 79) & S. America. 2 (V. 205; ©. 75). 17. Oxyrhopus guerini. Rhinosimus guerini, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 991, pl. Ixxii. (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 10 (1858). Scytale neuwiedii, part., Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 1001. —— coronatum, part., Giinth. 1. ¢. p- 187. Phimophis guerini, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 79, and 1862, 347. Scytale guerini, Jan, Elenco, p. 91 (1863), and Icon, Gén. 34, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1870). coronatum, Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 56; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. no. 194, 1895, p. 21. Rhinosimus, sp., F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 683. Eye rather small; snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting. Rostral large, nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion forming a right or acute angle and measuring at least two thirds its distance from the frontal; iniernasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, usually shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), not reaching. the upper surface of the head; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight (exceptionally seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 185-211; anal entire; subcaudals 70-99, single or only a few of the posterior in pairs. Adult dark brown or black above, with or without some large irregular whitish spots, yellowish wiite beneath ; young pale brown above, with the anterior half of the head and the nape blackish, the posterior ualf of the head yellowish white. Total length 1120 millim. ; Brazil, Paraguay. a. 3 (V. 200; C. 89). tail 250. Corumba, Matto Grosso, Bahia. nee Moore, Esq. Lord “Walsingham b-c. d (V. 189; C. 98) & 2 (V. 205; C. 88). VOL, III. I 114 COLUBRID, d, e,f. §(V.197; C. 99), Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer 2 (V. 203; C.?), & [C.]. yg- (V. 194; C. 90). . do (V. 194; C. 98). Bahia. ,, t, k,l. 3 (V. 204; C. Pernambuco, J.P. G. Smith, Esq. 91), 2 (V. 192, 203; [P.]. C. 82, 80), & yg. (V 201; C. 82). m. Yg. (V. 195 ; C.77). Pernambuco. 155. RHINOSTOMA. P Rhinostoma, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Rhinostoma, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. op (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 91 (1863). Rhinostoma, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 8 (1858). Maxillary teeth 10, subequal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of moderately enlarged grooved teeth situated below the pos- terior border of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil ; rostral very large, with sharp horizontal edge. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. » South America, 1. Rhinostoma guianense. ~ Heterodon guianensis, Zrosch, in Schomb, Reise Brit. Guian. iii. p» 653 (1848). Rhinostoma nasuum (non Wagl.*), Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 994 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 8 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén, 34, pl. v. figs. 1 & 2 (1870). Rhinostoma guntheri, Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 243. Snout short, turned up. Outline ‘of rostral rounded, the lower surface of the shield broader than long, its upper surface at least as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals; latter forming a short median suture or in contact with their inner angles only, or even narrowly separated from each other; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), widely separated from the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small, scale-like. Scales in 19 rows, Ventrals 168-209; anal entire; subcaudals * The Vipera (Rhinostoma) nasua of Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 171, is, to ay Pig the definition given, probably identical with Lysteophis dorbignyi, 156. THAMNODYMASTES, 115 56-70. Blackish above, the lateral scales edged with whitish, or pale yellowish brown with numerous small brown spots and a large blackish blotch on the nape; uniform whitish beneath, - Total length 1030 millim.; tail 160. Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay. a-b, ce, 3 (V.180; ©. 70), Carthagena, Colombia. (V. 194; C. 60), & g. (V. 196; OC. 56), d. a ‘(V. 189; 0. 70). Sta. Marta, Colombia. £. re . s ie C.53). Berbice, Brit. Guiana, me Essex Ff, 2 (V. C. ?). Asuncion, Paraguay. . Bohls Gi 2. Rhinostoma vittatum. (Prats V. fig. 3.) Snout acutely pointed. Rostral subtrihedral, obtusely keeled above, its lower surface as long as broad, its upper surface as long -as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly longer than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 24+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 199; anal entire. Pale yellowish brown above, with two dark brown longitudinal neats uniting on the nape; uniform whitish beneath. Total length (tail injured) 620 millim. Argentina. a, 3 (V. 199; C. ?). Buenos Ayres. E, W. White, Esq. [C.]. 156. THAMNODYNASTES, Dryophylax, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 181 (18380). Thamnodynastes, Wagl. 1. c. p. ey Giinth. Cat, Col. Sn. p. 168 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p . 105 (1863). Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ye p. 257 (1887); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1133 (1854). Tomodon, part., Giinth. 1. c. p. 52. Mesotes, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 306. Maxillary teeth 13-18, subequal, followed, after an interspace: by a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth situated below the posterior ‘order of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril in a single or semidivided shield. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 12 116 | COLUBRID. 1, Thamnodynastes nattereri. Coluber nattereri, Mikan, Delect. Fawn. Flor. Bras. pl. —. fig. 1 250) ; Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras, i. p. 277 (1825), and Abbild, Tropidonotus nattereri, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535. Dipsas nattereri, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 290 (1837) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1149 (1854). Thamnodynastes nattereri, Giinth. Cat. p. 164 (1858); Jan, Icon. pes 30, pl ii. fig. 3 (1872); Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. \iii- 885, p. . P Tomodon strigatus, Giinth. 1. c. p. 52. Tachymenis hypoconia, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, beet Giinth. Zool. Rec, 1866, p. 126; Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 192. Mesotes obtrusus, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 306, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1866). Thamnodynastes punctatissimus (non Wagl.), Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 332. —— nattereri, var. levis, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 195. —— strigatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 487. Tachymenis strigatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Snout short, convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire or semidivided; loreal as long as deep or deeper than Jong; one preocular (sometimes divided), not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven or nine) upper labials, two or three of which enter the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or more or less strongly keeled. Ventrals 137-160; anal divided; subcaudals 48-78. Brown or olive above, spotted or striped with darker; a yellowish vertebral stripe or series of spots may be present; head with dark undulous streaks or vermiculations; labial shields some- times barred with black; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish beneath, speckled and streaked with blackish. Total length 760 millim,; tail 170. South America east of the Andes. A. Seales strongly keeled. a. d (V.153; 0.77). Santarem. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.}. b, = < os 160, 143; Tijuca R. R. Bennett, tbo de, EY wv 144, 142; Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. . 63, 59). . 9 (V. 145; C.70). — Brazil. Capt. J. Parish [P.]. I 3 (V. 146, 145; Uruguay. : PJ C. 72, 75). a, 3 skeleton. Uruguay. 157. TACHYMENIS, 117 B. Scales moderately keeled. a, b-c. (V.151; C.73) Rio Janeiro, Mrs. Fry [P.]. & 2 (V. 150, 143; C. 67, 59). . d-e. 3 (V.145; C.65) Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.]. & her. (V. 189; C. 55). ' Q. Scales faintly keeled: a-c. Hgr. (V. 152,138, Demerara. Dr. Hancock [P.]. * 141; C. 70, 60, 60). d,e. § (V. 155; C. 78) Rio Janeiro, A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V. 148; C. 69). J 2 (V. 154; C.69). Brazil. Dr. Gardner [P.]. D. Scales smooth. a. Q (V. 144; 0.48). Aracati, N. Brazil. D. G. Rutherford, Esq. r [P.}. b,c-d. 3 (V. 139,142; Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. a v. Ihering [C.]. C. ?, 63) & her. e. 2 (V. 183; 0.56). ——? (Type of Tomodon strigatus.) 2. Thamnodynastes punctatissimus. neetr Boot one Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras, p. 89, pl. xiv. fig. 1 24), Dipsas punctatissima, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 292, pl. xi. figs, 33 & 34 ' (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1151 (1854). Sibon punctatissimus, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gétting. i. 1843, p. 68, pl. i. figs. 18 & 14. Thamnodynastes punctatissimus, Giinth. Cat. p. 164 (1858); Jan, Icon. G'én. 39, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1872). Very closely allied to the preceding, but body more slender, eye larger, rostral but little broader than deep, scales smooth, in 17 rows, and anal entire. Ventrals 137-159; subcaudals 80-96. Total length 550 millim.; tail 150. Guianas, Brazil. a. & (V. 159; C. 88). Demerara. Mr. W. T. Turner [C.], b. 3 (V. 144; C. ?). Upper Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.]. e. 2 (V. 146; C. 80). . ——P 157. TACHYMENIS. Tachymenis, Wiegm. N. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 251. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837). Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1133 (1854). Tachymenis, part., Giiinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 33 (1858). Mesotes, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 806. Psksioph ying, part., Jan, 1. c. p. 309. Maxillary teeth subequal, 10 to 15, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest, Head scarcely 118 COLUBRID. distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic or sub- elliptic pupil ; nasal shield single or semidivided. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals.in two rows. Bolivia, Pera, Chili. 1. Tachymenis peruviana. Tachymenis peruviana, Wiegm, N. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, Seed pl. xx. fig. 1; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 275; Steind.. 0 vara, Pee p. 62 (1867), : r Coronella ensis, pea gf 4 . Serp. ii. p. 70 (1837) ; Guichen. in Gay, Hist. Chile, Rep pl. iv. fig. y (1854). Ophis peruana, Tachuae aun. Per., Herp. p. 58 (1845). Dipsas chilensis, Dum. § Bibdr. vii. P. 1159 (1854). . Tachymenis chilensis, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 226, and Gilliss’ U.S. Nav, Astron. Exped. ii. p. 213, pl. XXXVii. figs. 1-6 (1856), and U.S, Explor, Exped., j aly 173 508 1858) Giinth. Cat. 34 (1858); Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. ‘7860, p. Mssotes chilensis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Pash ii. 1668, p. 308, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1866). Psammophylax assimilis, Jan, ll. cc. p. 8311, Icon. 19, pl. i. fig. 2. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals as long.as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and. a half to twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from. the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ;. loreal as long as deep ; one or two pre- and two postoculars ; tem- porals 142 or 243; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 135-158; anab divided ; subcaudals 33-53. Yellowish or pale brown above, with darker spots or more or less distinct longitudinal streaks; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish or grey beneath, usually with small blackish spots often forming longi- tudinal series. Total length 530 millim. ; tai 90. Bolivia, Peru, Chili. a..d (V. 144; OC. 53), Aschiquiri, Bolivia. — b. 2 ty 142; C, 44), Larecaja, Bolivia. . c. od (V. 185; CO. 51). Lake Titicaca. J. B. Pentland, Esq. d. 9 (V. 151; ©. 30) Colchagua, Chili. bi 4 Jd ( Br & i) ye. paseo. Dr. ‘Corin TP. igs “J. uimbo Dr. Coppinger Tee tas ath ( , 48). alcahuana, Dr. Coppinger rig V. 158; ©. 46) ‘8. Chili. r. ieee ih 13 & 2 (V. 147; "CO, 45). H. B. Fane ea Re [P.]. m-n. 2 w . 148,151; ©. Chili. V. 158; 0.46). Chili. 158. HEMIRHAGERRHIS, 119 2. Tachymenis affinis. (Pxrare VII. fig. 1.) Very closely allied to the preceding, but maxillary longer, with more numerous solid teeth, viz. 15 instead of 10 to 12, and scales in 17 rows. One preocular; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 153; anal divided ; subcaudals 57. Brown above, darker on the four outer rows of scales, with a few small darker spots; a dark oblique streak behind the eye ; grey beneath, much spotted with black. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 110. Peru. a. 3 (V. 153; C. 57). Muiia. Mr. W. Davis [C.] ; Messrs, Veitch | P.]. 158. HEMIRHAGERRHIS. Hemirhagerrhis, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 119. Maxillary short, with 9 or 10 teeth gradually increasing in length and followed by en enlarged grooved fang situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal semidivided, the cleft horizontal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa. 1. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri, Boettg. t. c. p. 129; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1893, p. 729. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the.parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, 2+3, or 2+4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 (exceptionally 19) rows. Ventrals 148-173; anal divided; subcaudals 61-78. Greyish or yellowish brown above, with a dark grey or olive, black-edged vertebral band and another on each side, passing through the eye; head lineolated with blackish ; upper lip blackish ; lower parts with brown longitudinal lines disposed in pairs. . Total length 270 millim. ; tail 83. Somaliland, East Africa. a. 2 (V. 148; C. 72). British East Africa. b. Hgr. (V. 173; C. 61). Mombasa. D. J. Wilson, Esq. [C.]; : G. Waller, Esq. | P.]. ce. Hgr. (V. 150; C. 66). Thiriati, E. Kikuyu. Dr.J. W. Gregory [P.], 120 COLUBRID. 159. MANOLEPIS. Manolepis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 176. Maxillary teeth 15, small, equal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated behind the vertical of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. ead distinct from neck; eye large, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nasal single; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico. 1. Manolepis putnami. Dromicus putnami, Jan, Elenco, p. 67 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 24, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1867); Garm. N. Am. Rept. PP. 59, 153 (1883). Tomodon nasutus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 166; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 641 (1886). Manolepis eae Nt Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176. erg (Ocyophis) putnami, Bocourt, op. cit. p. 714, pl. 1. fig. 3 890 Philodryas putnami, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 166 (1895). Eye about two thirds the length of the snout, which is truncate and rather prominent. Rostral much broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal elongate or absent (fused with the prefrontal); one prwocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 171-186; anal divided; subcaudals 69-83, Yellowish or pale brownish above, with a brown, darker-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide ; head speckled with blackish, more closely on the lip; lower parts whitish, speckled with brown. Total length 550 millim.; tail 140.—The young specimen in the Collection measures 265 millim. ; tail 63. Mexico, : a, Yg.(V.176; C. La Cumbre de los Arrastrados, Dr. A. C. Buller 89), alisco, 8500 feet. [C.]}. 160, TOMODON. Tomodon, part., Dum. § Bibr, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 495, and Erp. Gén, vii. P. 932 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. Fp (1858) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1862, p. 322. Opisthoplus, Peters, Sitzb. Akad. Berl. 189, p. 1148. Maxillary short, with 5 to 8 small teeth increasing in size and followed by a pair of enormous grooved fangs situated below the ‘eye; anterior mandibular teeth a little larger than the posterior, 160. TomoDoNn. 121 Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided. Body cylindrical ; scales oblique, smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventralsrounded. Tail sponenese or short ; subcaudals in two rows. South "America, Maxillary and mandible of Zomodon ocellatus. 1. Tomodon dorsatus. “Tomodon dorsatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 934 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. 53 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. neve ii. 1862, p. 323, and bh Gén. 19, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1866). Opisthoplus degener, Peters, Sitzb. Ak, Berl. 1889 2, p. 1149, fig. Snout short, very convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible -from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal; nasal elongate and in contact with -the preocular, which is single ; two or three postoculars ; temporals ‘142; seven (exceptionally six) upper labials, third and fourth (or second and third) entering the eye; chin-shields short, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 134-143; anal divided; subcaudals 53-62. Brown or olive above, with a yellow vertebral stripe which may be confined to the nape; small blackish spots may be present on the back; an oblique dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; .yellowish or pale olive beneath, uniform or speckled with darker. Total length 610 millim.; tail 150. Brazil. a. 3 (V.136; C. 62). Rio Janeiro. A. Fry, Esq. [P.]. b-c. § (V.139; C.?) & Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.]. her. (V. 184; C. 53). 2. Tomodon ocellatus. Tomodon ocellatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 938 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 323, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1866). Snout short, very convex. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance , from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; nasal entire or * semidivided ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one pre- J, 122 COLUBRID. and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals 137-143; anal divided ; subcaudals 31-38. Yellowish or pale brown above, with two dorsal series of dark brown, black-edged roundish spots separated by a narrow light vertebral line; smaller spots on the sides; a large angular dark band on the back of the head, and one or two cross- bars between the eyes; two oblique dark streaks, one below and the other behind the eye; yellowish beneath, with squarish or roundish black spots. Total length 460 millim.; tail 70. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. a. d (V. 148; C. 35). o. Lorengs RioGrande Dr.H.v. Ihering [C.]. o Sul. b. do (V. 187; C.38). Paraguay. Prof. Grant [P.]. . 2 (V. 189; C. 31). Uruguay. d. g (V. 141; C. 36). 8. of R. de la Plata. Lieut. Gairdner [P.]. e. Skull of d. ° 161. CONOPHIS. Tomodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 495, and Erp. Gen, vik p- 982 (1894) ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Physi, 1862, p. 822 Psammophis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 185 (1858). Conophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 519; Cope, Proc. Ac. 1886)" 1861, p. 300; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 642 Maxillary teeth 10, slightly increasing in size posteriorly, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of very large grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico and Ventral] America; Southern Brazil. Synopsis of the Species. Scales in 19 rows; snout feebly projecting. 1. lineatus, p. 122. Scales in 19 rows; snout strongly pro- SOO 0 Dass nte bine Gee cba ale a's. 2. vittatus, p. 123. Scales in-17 TOWS 626000 de seveeenscces 3. teniatus, p. 124. 1. Conophis lineatus. Tomodon lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 936, pl. Ixxiii. (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 234, and Icon, Gén, 19, pl. vik fig. 3 (1866) ; Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 406. Psammophis lineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 135 (18658), Conophis concolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 318; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 648 (1886). 161. conoPais. ’ 133 Conophis lineatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 308, and Journ, Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 187 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 643, pl. xxxviii. fig. 5; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 165 1895). Ee ortalion Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 8308; Bocourt, Miss. ~ Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 646, pl. xxxviii. fig. 6. Tomodon pulcher, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 408. Tachymenis lineata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 60 (1883). Snout projecting. Upper portion of rostral measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as broad, a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal square or longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), not reaching the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 242 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, ‘fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 158-183 ; anal divided; subcaudals 66-78. Yellowish, greyish, or pale olive above, usually with six to ten black longitudinal lines, uniting to form three stripes on the head, the outer of which pass through the eyes; a black line or series of spots running along the outer row of scales; chin greyish or olive, spotted. with white; rostral and labials greyish or blackish beneath ; lower parts white. Total length 780 millim.; tail 150. Mexico and Central America. A. Striped. (C. lineatus, D. & B.) a, 9 (V.171; C.68). Mexico. b-c, d. 3 (V.170; C. Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. : 78) & 9 (V. 171, : 7 ABS! C.P,.P). e. 2 (V. 168; C. 77). Cartago, Costa Rica. B. Uniform brownish above, with a dark brown stripe on each side of the head. (C. concolor, Cope.) a. 9 (V. 158; C. 66). Yucatan. 2. Conophis vittatus. Conophis vittatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 519, pl. —. fig. 3 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 644, pl. xxxviii. fig. 7 (1886) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 165 (1895). sumichrasti, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 187. ? Conophis viduus, Cope, J. ¢. Tomodon vittatus, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. v. 1876, p. 407. Very closely allied to the preceding, but snout more prominent and shorter, upper portion of rostral measuring at least half its distance from the frontal, and internasals broader than long. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Ventrals 147- 163; subcaudals 57-70. Cream-colour, with three dark: brown or 124 COLUBRID. black stripes extending from the tip of the snout to the end of the tail; the outer stripe passing through the eye and extending along the second, third, and fourth rows of scales; the median stripe sometimes divided into two. Total length 575 millim. ; tail 120. Southern Mexico. a. 2 (V. 161; C. 65). Tehuantepec, oh. Sumichrast b. 2 (V.163; C.65). Santo Domingo de Dr. A.C. Buller [0]. V.158; 0.70). T Lote Mr. H. H. Smith{C.] e. o (V. ; C. 70). epetlapa, Guerrero. r. H. H. Smi old : a one F. D. Godman, 3. Conophis teniatus. Philodryas teniatus, Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 331; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xviii, 1886, p. 434. Snout scarcely projecting. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, just reaching the upper surface of the head ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 170; anal divided; subcaudals 74. Pale yellowish olive above, with an olive-brown, black-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide; a broader lateral dark stripe, covering the three outer rows of scales and the outer ends of the ventrals, bordered above by a black line running along the fourth row of scales; a fine line right along the outer row of scales ; head olive, with darker variegations ; a white line from the rostral along the four anterior upper labials ; ellowish beneath, with a bluish-grey streak on each side. Total length 615 millim.; tail 150. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. 162. AMPLORHINUS. Amplorhinus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847). Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1153 (1854). Coronella, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 34 (1858). Psammophylax, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 309. Tachymenis, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 117 (1882). Amphiophis (lapsu calami), Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc, 1891, p. 307. Maxillary teeth 12 or 13, gradually increasing in size, followed by an enlarged, grooved tooth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nasal semi- divided. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. . Tropical and South Africa. 162. AMPLORHINUS. 125 1. Amplorhinus multimaculatus. Amplorhinus multimaculatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lvii. 847). Ties thi Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1162 (1854). Coronella multimaculata, Giinth. Cat. p. 38 (1858). Psammophylax multimaculatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 310, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl.i. fig. 1 (1866) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 157. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal about twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 (rarely 1+2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, usually feebly keeled on the posterior part of the back and at the base of the tail. Ventrals 133-149; anal entire; subcaudals 60- 86, some of the anterior frequently entire. Olive or brown above, with two more or less distinct yellowish stripes and longitudinal rows of black spots ; bluish grey or olive beneath ; specs. h-2 uniform bright green above and beneath. : Total length 495 millim. ; tail 115. Cape of Good Hope. a-e. 9 (V. 141, 140, Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 146; C. 66, 67, 60) (Types.) & her. (V. 137, 187; C. 89, 61). : f. 2 (V. 149; C. 60). Cape of Good Hope. Lord Derby [P.]. g & (V. 142; C. 75). ~ Cape of Good Hope. h-t, § (V. 142; 0.76) 8. Africa. Dr. Quain [P.]. & hgr. (V. 144; ©. 62). 2. Amplorhinus nototenia. Coronella nototenia, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 309, pl. xxvi. fig. 1. Sgarnesophvlax rhombeatus ?, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lis. i, 1867, p. 224. viperinus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lib. iv. 1873, p. 222. Ablabes hildebrandtii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p. 205, pl. ii. fig. 6; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 7. Tachymenis nototenia, Peters, Reise n. Mossamd. iii, p. 118 (1882). Amphiophis nototenia, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 307. Hemirhagerrhis hildebrandtii, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1893, p. 729. —— nototeenia, Stejneger, 1. c. p. 730. Psammophylax nototenia, Bocaye, Herp, Angola, p. 109 (1895). . Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the 126 COLUBRID. snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep ; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the rior. Scales in 17 rows, all smooth. Ventrals 154-187; anal divided; subcaudals 59-98, Greyish or pale brown above, with two series of small blackish spots connected by a dark vertebral line ; the spots and bands unite on the occiput and nape and form a more or less marked zigzag band; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; tail with three dark stripes; whitish or pale brownish below, spotted or speckled with brown. Total length 355 millim.; tail 85. Tropical Africa south of the Equator, East Africa, a. g (V. 187; C.73). Rios de Sena, Zambesi, Sir J. Kirk [C.}, (Type. b. ¢ (V.188; C.77). Cape McLear, Lake A. A Simons, Esq. yassa. .). e. 9 (V.171; C. 68). Lake Nyassa. J, twa Esq. The specimen from Caffraria referred by Peters to this species (Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 118) is no doubt specifically distinct, as it is stated to have 19 rows of scales and 137 ventrals, 163. PSEUDABLABES. Maxillary teeth small, equal, 14, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs situated just behind the posterior border of the eye * ; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, scarcely distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril in a single or semidivided nasal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 13 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. Southern Brazil, Uruguay. 1. Pseudablabes agassizii. For synonymy and description, see Vol. II. p. 259 (Contia agassizii), and add :— Philodryas paucisquamis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1868, p. 286, * These fangs, hidden in the gum, were overlooked by Jan and myself, d Their presence, first ascertained by Peters, has been pointed out to me by Count Peracca. 164. PHILODRYAS, 127 164, PHILODRYAS. Philodryas, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 185 (1830). Chlorosoma, Wagler, 1. c. Xenodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1837). Herpetodryas, part., Sch/eg. 1. ¢. mot : Lygophis, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 52 (1845). Dryophylax, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1103 (1854). Oallizhinus (non Cuv.), Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 139 (1858). Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 123 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 83 (1863). Euophrys (non Koch), Giinth. 1. c. p. 189. Galeophis, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr. 1859, p. 181. Teleolepis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 153. Dirrhox, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58. Atomophis, Cope, 1. c. Maxillary teeth 12 to 15, subequal, anterior smallest, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck, with more or less distinct canthus rostralis; eye moderate or rather large, with ‘round pupil. Body cylindrical or slightly compressed; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits, disposed more or less obliquely in 17 to 23 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail rather long; subcaudals in two rows. _ South America. Synopsis of the Species. I, Ventrals 157 or more. A. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 rows; ventrals 184-201; sub- caudals 120-140 ............ 1. estivus, p. 128. B. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 17 or 19 rows. 1. Ventrals distinctly angulate laterally, 206-228 ; subcaudals 106-131; scalesin 19 rows.. 2. viridissimus, p. 129, 2. Ventrals rounded or indistinctly angulate. a. Rostral not much broader than deep. a. Internasals not longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals, Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 175-198; subcaudals 94-126; green above.... 3. olfersii, p. 129. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 157-199; subcaudals 74-119; loreal not longer than deep... i sp.c.ddige ete oes ks 4. schotti, p. 130. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 168-187; . subcaudals 101-104 .............. 5. bolivianus, p. 132. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 184-204; subcaudals 82-96; loreal longer than [p. 132. GOOD -i.< Laesinee Ree ates ins eens 6. psammophideus, 128 COLUBRID.&. $B. Internasals longer than broad; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 202 ; subcaudals 93. 7. vitellinus, p. 133. 6. Rostral much broader than deep; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 184-215; subcaudals 97-125. 8. elegans, p. 138. C. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 194-244, a. Snout obtuse or obliquely truncate. Subcaudals 114-124; loreal as long as deep; internasals shorter than the prefrontals..... cehtas Sac a's Wisk Sul 9. nattereri, p. 134. Subcaudals 88-106; loreal longer than deep; internasals shorter than the preofrontals. i... ...5 6250. +s se ee 10. serra, p. 134. Subcaudals 135 ; loreal, if present, twice as long as deep; internasals as long as the preefrontals ..............5: 11. burmeisteri, p. 135, b. Snout acutely pointed; subcaudals 152-135. 12. baroni, p. 136. II. Ventrals 145; subcaudals 134 .... 13, inornatus, p. 136, 1. Philodryas xstivus. | He as sestivus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. p. 186 (1837). Deyechyiee eestivus, Tees. & Bibr. Hb. iii Pigs) Ta Icon. Gén. 49, pl. iii. fig. (1879). Philodryas estivus, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). 2 Dryophylax olfersii, part., Burm. Reise La Plata, ii. re 529 (1861). Philodryas carinatus, Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 332. Tropidodryas sestivus,Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885,p. 192. Diameter of eye about half length of snout; latter rather pointed, prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales keeled, with double pits, in 21 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-201; anal divided; subcaudals 120-140. _ Uniform green above, yellowish beneath. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 310. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, a. 9 a 201; ©.120), Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.}. b. 3 (V. 184; 0.121). Paraguay. Prof, Grant [P.}. e-e. dg (V.184,193;C. Uruguay. re 120) & 9(V. 188; f. & (V.192; 0.140), Argentina. Zoological Society. 164. PHILODRYAS. 129 2. Philodryas viridissimus. Merrem, Beytr. i. p. 45, pl. xii. (1790). Coluber viridissimus, Linn. S, N. i. p. 888 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. p- 302 (1803). —— janthinus, Daud. t.c. p. 273. Herpetodryas viridissimus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 182, pl. vii. figs. 10 & 11 (1837). Dryophylax viridissimus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1106 (1854). Philodryas viridissimus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 123 (1858). —— viridissimus, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 127, l. ix. fig. 8. ; P beldeyas crassifrons, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 559. Eye half length of snout. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, not quite reaching the frontal; two post- oculars; temporals 1+2 or 1+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with double apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 206-228; anal divided; subcaudals 106-131. Uniform green above, yellowish green beneath, Total length 990 millim. ; tail 280. Guianas to Eastern Peru. a-b,c. 5 (V. 215, 223, Berbice. 212; O, 128, 123,114). d. 2 AS re s 181). oma = e. 2 (V. 225; C. 126). ayenne. . ©. Rothery, Esq. [P.].. f. & (V. 206; C. 106). Huallaga R. a Sts 3. Philodryas olfersii. Coluber olfersii, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823). —— pileatus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 344, and Abbild, (1825). erbeus, fe l. c. p. 849. Herpetodryas olfersii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 183, pl. vii. Gthe Re Th ee es earn Dryophylax olfersii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1109 (1854) ; Jan, Icon,. Gén. 49, pl. iii. figs, 2-4 (1879). Philodryas viridissimus, part., Guinth. Cat. p. 123 (1858). olfersii, Giinth. 1. c. p. 124; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. lviii. 1885, p. 234. Dryophylax olfersii, part., Burm. Reise La Plata, ii. p. 529 (1861). Philodryas reinhardti, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862,. p. 128, pl. ix. fig. 7. —— latirostris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, pp. 73 & 348. Dryophylax viridissimus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, 1. xi, fig. 1 (1879), Eye about two thirds length of snout. Rostral a little broader: than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long VOL, III, K 130 COLUBRID. as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 175-198; anal divided (rarely entire) ; subcaudals 94— 126. Green above, yellowish beneath. Total length 1160 millim. ; tail 330. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Eastern Peru, Argentina. A. Upper surface of head, and a more or less distinct vertebral line pale brown or reddish ; a black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye. (C. olfersii, Licht. ; C. pileatus, Wied.) a,b,c. g (V. 190, 198; Brazil. Lord Stuart [P.]. C. 115, 112) & 9 (V. 191; ©. 104). d. 2 (V. 198 ; C.101). Brazil. Mr. Clausen [ be e. 2 (V. 190; C. 94). Rio Janeiro. Page i; . [P.]. Sf. 3 (V. 189 ; C. 126). Rio Grande do Sul. ering g. 2 Se 189; C.101). S&S. America. ales, Collection. A, Skull Brazil. B. Uniform green ; a black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye. (P. latirostris, Cope.) a. d (V.189; C.112), Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls[O.]. b. 2 (V.193; ©. 102). Argentina. (OJ C. Uniform green ; no postocular streak. (P. reinhardti, Gthr.) a, : 2 (V.194; C.106) Bahia. Dr, O.Wucherer [O. on (V. 189; 0.109), ( s of P. reinhardti. 175; C. 114). Bahia. aslar Collection. $ WW. 191; C. ?). Pernambuco, J. iP G. Smith, Esq. e. Yg. (V. 181; ©.113). Pernambuco. w.tA Forbes, Esq. P F-g. & (V.182; C.108) Moyobamba, N.E. Mr: H. Roff [C.]}. & 2 (V. 1905 C. P). Peru, ~ (V. 188; ©. 104). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. a [C.}. g. (V. 178; o} 118). 8. America. H. A. Evans, ig, [P.]. (Types of P. reinhardti.) k. 2 (V. 187; 0.103). §, America. 4, Philodryas schotti. Xenodon schottii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 91, pl. iii. figs. 8 & 9 (1887). Dryophylax schottii, Dum. Ron Bibr. vii. Bak 1118 (1854); Castein. Anim. nouv. Amér, Sud, Rept. p. 67 (1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. i. fig. 2 (1879), 164, PHILODRYAS. 131 Callirhinus eager Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. P: 139, pl. xii. figs. 1-6 (1858). Philodryas schottii, Giinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858) ; Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p. 332; Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. lviii. 1885, p, 235 ; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1886, p. 434. Euophrys modestus, Giinth. I. c. p. 189, and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 29. Pseudophis schottii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 348. —— patagoniensis, Cope, J. c. Liophis peecilostictus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys.. ii. 1863, p. 189, and Icon. Gén. 13, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1865). Dirrhox patagoniensis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, . 58, Pp Kye about two thirds length of snout. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parictals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long, rarely a little longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but rarely reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; tem- porals 1+1,1+2, or 24+2; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 157-199; anal divided; subcaudals 74-119. Yellowish or pale olive above, the scales usually edged with darker or lighter, with or without small black spots; two rather indistinct light lines may run along the back; sutures between the head-shields usually blackish ; yellow or white beneath, with the shields black-edged on the sides. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 350. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Northern Patagonia. a. 3 (V.170; C. ?). Pernambuco. J. G. Smith, Esq. bof k 6. Yg. (V.164; C.108). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer a C.}. e. 3 (V.181;.C. 119). Porto Real, Prov. Rio wt ay du Dréneuf Janeiro. [C.]. d. Yg.(V.193;C.101). 8. José dos Campos, Mr, A. Thomson [P.], Prov. S. Paulo. e-g, h-t. § (V.191,188; §, Lorenzo, RioGrande Dr. v. Ihering [C.]. C.96,?),her.(V.190; do Sul. C. 96), & yg. (V. 199, 179; C. 101, ?). k. Hgr. (V.177; C. 108). Rio Grande do Sul. Z. 2 (V. 185; C. 95). Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. Bohls ict m. 3 (V. 157; C. 80). Paraguay. Prof. seat | . |e n—p, qr. (V. 165,168; Soriano, Uruguay. R. Havers, Esq. [P.]. C. 101, 80), 2 (V. 178; C. 94), & yg. (V. 174, 169; C. 88, 75). 8. 2 (V.1738; C. 74). Uruguay. t. 3 (V. 180; C. 83). Buenos Ayres. G. Wilkes, Esq. [P.}. K2 132 COLUBRID. u. d (V. 172; C. 83). Rio 3 Negro, Patagonia. F. Coleman, m v, w. d (V.171; a ) ex: Haslar Collectio & 2 ( . 178; C. P). (Types of Euophrys modestus ) x, Skel Dated: Uruguay. y, x. Skulls. Brazil. 5. Philodryas bolivianus. (Puan IX. fig. 1.) Eye three fifths length of snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; ; one preocular, in con- tact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower ‘labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales smooth,,. with single apical pits, in 17 rows, Ventrals rounded, 168-187 ; anal divided; subcaudals 101-104. Olive above, with three darker, black-edged stripes; a black streak on the outer border of the parietal shields ; lower parts greyish olive, throat white. Total length 690 millim. ; tail 200. Bolivia. a-b. 5 a 187; C.101) & | Charobamba. yg. (V. 168; ©. 104). 6. Philodryas psammophideus. Philodryas oh al ing Ar Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, l. iv. fig. A Dirrhor bativigetas, Ce Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 58.. Eye about three fifths length of snout. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, well visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 142 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five ‘lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-204 ; anal divided; subcaudals 82-96. Yellowish brown or pale olive above, with a brown vertebral stripe three or five scales wide ; this stripe edged with a black line or a series of small black spots ; a dark lateral stripe, extending to the eye; a whitish lateral stripe on the outer ends of the ventrals and the lower half of the outer row of scales, edged below by a black line or series of dots; lips. yellowish, with a few black spots; belly yellowish, uniform or dotted with blackish. Total length 1080 millim, ; tail 280. Matto Grosso, Uruguay, Argentina, 164, PHILODRYAS. 133 a. 9 (V. 195; C. 91). Tucuman. (Type.) b. gd (V. 204; C. P). Catamarca. Lord Dormer [P.]. c-d. 3 (V. 188; C.?) Cordova. E. W. White, Esq. [C.]. & 2 (V. 197; C. 93) é. 3 (V. 191; C. 96). Argentina, E. W. White, Esq. [C. }. SF. 2 (V. 193; C. 95). Uruguay. 7. Philodryas vitellinus. Dryophylax vitellinus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 33. Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals longer than broad; frontal long and narrow, longer than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, nearly reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals 202; anal divided; subcaudals 93. Yellow, strongly tinged with brown above, and with orange on the labial plates and lower surfaces. ) Pacasmayo, Peru. 8. Philodryas elegans. Lygophis elegans, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 53, pl. vi. (1845) ; Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 163 (1858). Dryophylax freminvillei, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1115 (1854). Dromicus rufodorsatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 130 (1858). elegans, Jan, Elenco, p. 67 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 25, pl. i. fig. 2 (1867). Philodryas freminvillii, Jan, J. ce. p. 83, Icon. 49, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1879). Tachymenis canilatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 104. Lygophis peecilostomus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 180. Dryophylax elegans, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 34. Tachymenis elegans, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 312. Eye about half as long as the snout. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided), extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two (exceptionally three) postoculars; temporals 1+1, 1+2, or 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 19 rows. Ventrals rounded, 184-215; anal divided; subcaudals 97-125. Yellowish, greyish, or pale brown above, with darker, black-edged spots disposed in paired or single longitudinal series on the back ; these spots may be accompanied or replaced by a dark vertebral stripe; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, sometimes continued along the body; upper lip yellowish, 134 COLUBRID. usually with dark dots; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted. or speckled with blackish. Total length 1020 millim. ; tail 300. Ecuador, Peru, Northern Chili. a-b. 9 (V. 202, 208; Tacna, Peru. J. G, Fischer Collection. C. 102, 97). c-e. Yg. (V. 209, 215, Lima. J. M. Cowper, Esq. [P.].. 207 ; C. 112, 128,117). JF. Her. (V. 218; C.123). Id.ofSanLorenzo, College of Surgeons. Peru. g-t. o (V. 208; 0.125) Peru. T. Scott, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V. 200, 200; ©. 112, 107). k-m. 3(V.200;0.109), Peru. Q (V. 201; GC. 102), & ‘7 Oy. 196 “Gy Chili n. Yg. (V. ; C.P). : og tV: 207; 6.2), 8 Hasler Coll. | 5 7Prfos p. 2(V. 210; C.111), —? ‘ora 9. Philodryas nattereri.* Philodryas nattereri, Steind, Sitzb, Ak. Wien, lxii. 1870, p. 345,. pl. vil. figs. 1-3. Eye two thirds the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout and than the parietals; loreal as long as deep ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three post- oculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 203-225; anal divided; subcaudals 114-124. Olive above ; a yellow line on each side bordering the upper surface of the head; a yellow, black-edged streak along the upper lip; yellowish beneath, with a blackish line along each side of the belly;. throat brown, with small yellowish spots. Total length 895 millim.; tail 275, Matto Grosso, 10. Philodryas serra. a serra, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 180, pl. vii. figs. 1 & 2. ophylax serra, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1118 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Deep 49, pl. iv, fig. 1 (1879). “ Monte Philodryas serra, Gtinth. Cat. p. 125 (1858). P Galeophis jani, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr, 1859, p. 181. Teleolepis striaticeps, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos, Soc, xi, 1869, p. 158, Tropidodryas serra, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 192. * IT have examined a male gorge V. 203 ; C, 124), the type of Philodryas molorchinus ivsipe ie , Jan, Elenco, p. 84, preserved in the Gotti Museum, and for the loan of which I am indebted to the kindness of Prof, Bhlers. A description of it has never been published, so far as I am aware, 164, PHILODRYAs. 135 Eye about half the length of the snout; latter truncate, with more or less concave lores. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), twice as broad above as below, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; three postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2 or3+3 or 4; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales with double apical pits, in 21 rows, smooth or more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals rounded, 194-244; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 88-106. End of tail, in the young, somewhat swollen, with the scales raised. Greyish or brown above, with large dark transverse angular spots or bars, which may be bordered with whitish on the sides; head with interrupted longitudinal dark streaks and a dark lateral streak passing through the eye; lips spotted with blackish ; belly brownish or greyish, with darker or lighter spots; end of tail whitish in the young. Total length 1010 millim.; tail 200. Brazil. a. Her. (V. 205; A.2; Porto Real, Prov. M. Hardy du Dréneuf C. 101). Rio Janeiro. [C.]. b. Yg. (V. 194; A.2; Theresopolis, Prov. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]. C..104). Rio Janeiro. e-d. Yg. (V. 230,233; Bahia. Dr, O. Wucherer [C.]. A. 1, 2; C.106, 103). e. 9 (V. 226; A.1;C. — Brazil. Zoological Society. 98). Ff. 2 (V. 218; A.1;C. Brazil. Liverpool Museum. 88). 11. Philodryas burmeisteri. Herpetodryas trilineatus, Burmeister, Reise La Plata, i. p. 309 (1861).—No proper description. Dryophylax burmeisteri (Jan), Burm. op. ¢. ii. p. 529 (1861); Jan, Elenco, p. 84 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 49, pl. v. (1879). Atomophis trilineatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 59. Eye about half as long as the snout, which is prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep, usually fused with the prefrontal; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior Scales smooth, with partly single, 136 COLUBRID. partly double pits, in 23 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 211; anal entire; subcaudals 135. Young cream-colour above, with three dark brown stripes, the outer extending to the end of the snout, passing through the eyes; rostral and labials white; the stripes may disappear in the adult; lower parts whitish. Total length (young) 410 millim. ; tail 120. Mendoza, Catamarca. a, Yg. (V. 211; C, 135). Catamarca. Lord Dormer [P.]. 12. Philodryas baroni. na by baroni, Berg, An. Mus. Buen. Ayres, iv. 1895, p. 189, g. Eye not one third the length of the snout, which is very promi- nent and acutely pointed. Rostral deeper than broad, confined to the lower surface of the snout, the upper surface being occupied by two or more small shields in front of the internasals ; frontal once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the parietals; loreal thrice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two post- oculars ; temporals 1+ 2 or 242; eight (exceptionally seven or nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, with single pits, in 21 or 23 rows. Ven- trals 224-231; anal entire; subcaudals 182-135. Green or reddish above, the scales and shields sometimes edged with black; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip white; a black vertebral line may be present on the anterior half of the body; greenish white beneath, the shields sometimes edged with black. Total length 1430 millim. ; tail 410, Argentina (Tucuman and Chaco), 13, Philodryas ? inornatus. Dryophylax inornatus, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1127 (1854).* Rostral well visible from above; internasals a little smaller than the prefrontals ; frontal much elongate ; two loreals; one pra- and three postoculars ; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials. Scales in 18 rows, dorsals keeled. Ventrals 145; anal entire; subcaudals 134. Head yellowish brown above, spotted with black on the sides; body greyish olive, finely speckled with black; a few black blotches on the neck. Total length 935 millim.; tail 355. Habitat unknown. * The imen, I am informed, is not to be found in the Paris Museum. On p. 754 Duméril & Bibron identify the snake with Boie’s Xenodon inornatus, which does not at all agree with their desoription. 165, IALTRIS, 137 165, IALTRIS. Philodryas, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 128 (1858). Taltris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 73. Maxillary teeth 14, increasing in size, the last large and fang- like and followed, after a considerable interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated just behind the posterior border of the eye ; the five or six anterior mandibular teeth increasing in length and followed by a toothless space. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Santo Domingo. Maxillary and mandible of Jaltris dorsalis. 1. Ialtris dorsalis. (Prare VII. fig. 2.) Philodryas dorsalis, Giinth. Cat. p. 126 (1858). Taltris vultuosa, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1862, p.73; Garm. Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Dromicus mentalis, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 128, l. ix. fig. 9. Jaltris dorsalis, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 273. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, nearly as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals 180-188 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 102-110. Olive above, with large black blotches anteriorly which may be wholly or partially confluent, posteriorly with small irregular light spots; yellowish beneath, speckled with olive, with or without small blackish spots, Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 350. Santo Domingo. a. 3 (V. 180; C. 102). S. Domingo. M. Sallé [C.]. (Type.) b. dg (V. 181; C. 110). ——? (Type of D. mentalis.) 138 COLUBRID. 166. TRIMERORHINUS. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1887). etonerortti=ae, ‘Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847). Dipsas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1133 (1854). Psammophylax, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. P. 31 (1858). Psammophylax, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 309. Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, subequal, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of enlarged grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, between two nasals and the internasal. Body cylin- drical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Africa south of the Equator; East Africa. Synopsis of the Species. Rostral at least as deep as broad; eye as long as its distance from the nostril.... 1. rhombeatus, p. 188. Rostral as deep as broad ; eye shorter than its distance from the nostril .......... 2. triteniatus, p. 139. Rostral slightly broader than deep; eye shorter than its distance from the nostril. 3. variabilis, p. 140. 1. Trimerorhinus rhombeatus. ar _ = pp- 17, 20, 84, pls. xv. fig. 2, xix. figs, 3 & 4, xxix. . 2 (1735). ; Coluber Eran Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 27, pl. xxiv. ne (1754), and S. N. 1. p. 380 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 119 (1803). Coronella tigrina, Laur, Syn. Rept. p. 87 (1768). Coluber tigrinus, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1113 (1788). Coronella rhombeata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 589; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 70, pl. ii. figs. 14 & 15 (1837). Ceelopeltis rhombeata, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxxii. (1833). 77, mem rhombeatus, Smith, Ili, Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lvi. 7). ; Dipsas rhombeata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1154 (1854). Psammophylax rhombeatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 31 (1858); Jan, Arch, “ioe Anat. Phys. ii. 1868, p. 309; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 108 95). — ocellatus, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. iv. 1873, p. 221. —— rhombeatus, var. trilineatus, Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1883, p. 156. 7 —— rhombeatus, var, biseriata, F’, Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, x. 1892, p. 202, Snout rather prominent, with obtusely angular canthus. Rostral very variable in shape, at least as deep as broad, frequently much deeper than broad, more or less deeply wedged in between the internasals, which it often entirely separates; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, usually longer than the parietals ; 166. TRIMERORHINUS, 139 loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two post- oculars ; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven or nine) - upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140- 183; anal divided; subcaudals 62-79. Coloration very variable. Greyish, yellowish, or pale olive-brown above, with brown black- edged markings, which may form three or four longitudinal series of round or rhomboidal spots or be partially or entirely confluent into three undulous or straight longitudinal bands; a yellow vertebral line sometimes present ; a dark band on each side of the head, passing through the eye, widening behind and often joining its fellow on the occiput, sometimes broken up into spots; upper lip yellowish white, uniform or with black spots; tail with three dark stripes ; lower parts white, dotted or spotted with bluish grey or black. Total length 850 millim.; tail 170. South Africa. a-e. 2 (V. 160, 149, Cape of Good Hope. 151; C. 71, 68, 71) & yg. (V. 152, 162; C. 70, 69). Sh. ig (V. 153; Cape of Good Hope. Rey. G. H. R. Fisk oe 7 Fuk t. (V.142; C.70), Simon’s Bay. Hits. ‘ Challenger.’ mee (Vv. 148; C. yee & yg. (V. 161; 0. 72). . k- as 3 ye. 162, 156; Port Elizabeth. Mr. J. L. Drege [P.]. P, 71 m. 2 (V. 171; 0.66). Port Natal. Rey, aS Callaway n. Her. (V. 160; Johannesburg, Transvaal. rey G. H.R, Fisk [P.]. o. 2 (V.177; C. 62). Humbe, Angola. Prof. Barboza du Bocage [P.]. p-v, w-e. dg (V. 157, S. Africa. 147; C. 69, 68), 2 (V. "155, 159, 154, 170, 172, 176, 162, 153), & her.(V, 17 rs 151; C. 75, 69). B, y. Skulls. 8. Africa. 2. Trimerorhinus tritzniatus. Rhagerrhis triteniata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, . 423, pl. xix. fig. H; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 110, pl. x a. tig. 1 1895 Coronella triteenia, Giinth. in Oates, Matabele Land, p. 329, pl. C (1881). Psammophylax triteeniatus, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 119 (1882). 140 COLUBRID. Agrees in structural characters with 7. rhombeatus except in having a smaller eye, the diameter of which is less than its distance from the nostril. The rostral shield, which is as deep as broad, is wedged in between the nasals, but does not separate them behind ; its upper portion measuring at least half its distance from the frontal. Ventrals 149-170; subcaudals 53-66. Greyish or pale brown above, with two or three dark brown, black-edged bands originating on the head and extending to the end of the tail, the outer passing through the eye, the vertebral sometimes rather indistinct or absent; a fine yellowish line sometimes divides the vertebral band; the sides below the bands white, with a pale brown or red streak running along the outer row of scales; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 740 millim. ; tail 150. Tropical Africa south of the Equator; East Africa, 3 (V. 160; C. 60). S.E. Africa OyPe.) ’. Ye .(V. 163; C.58). Waterberg District, Trans- L, Distant, Esq. vaal. oe (V. 152; C. 60). Pietersburg, Transvaal. CC. fr $ ones +. d. 2 (V. 162; C. 58). Matabeleland. F. Oates, Esq. [P.]} if of Corvndia tritenia. ) eg. o& (V. 160; LTlalamabeeli, Kalahari R. J. Cuninghame, O, 65) & 2 (V.162, Desert. Esq. [P.]. 158; C. 56, 53). Ai. é ie 156, 149; Zomba, Brit. Central Sir H. H. Johnston Africa P.}. k-l. ° WW. 162, 150 ; Chiradzulu, Brit. Central si it H. Johnston i fnbay ty. 149; F sen B © tes Esq. [C.]. m. a f wambo rit. Central A. Carson C. 55). Africa. n-o. Q (V. 165, Mpwapwa, E, Central C. 66 Africa . Her. (V. 170; Kibibi Basin, E. Africa. Dr. J. W.-G P © 63), , ; ’ (P regory 3. Trimerorhinus variabilis. Psammophylax variabilis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 557, pl. xxxv. Agrees with 7’. triteniatus, but rostral shield slightly broader than deep, its upper portion measuring about one third its distance from the frontal. Ventrals 157-169; subcaudals 52-60. Pale olive to blackish above, uniform or with three dark, black-edged longitudinal bands and a fine yellowish vertebral line ; belly olive- to lead-grey. Total length 770 millim.; tail 130. Nyassaland., ad. 3 (V. 107; 0, 55) Shiré highlands. Sir H. H. Meigs 8, ) a 8. 168° 0.67, ?, 60). ' LE} (Type é. 2 (V. 162; 6.5 ). Zomba, Brit. Central Sir H. H. Johnston, Africa. [P.]. 167. C@LOPELTIS. 141 167. CHLOPELTIS. Malpolon, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). : Psammophis, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1837). Ceelopeltis, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 189 (1830) ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1129 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 188 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1863) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 151. Rhabdodon, Fleischm. Dalm. nov. Serp. Gen. p. 26 (1881). Bothriophis, Fichw. Reise Kasp. M. u. Kauk.i. p. 748 (1887). Rhagerhis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1862, p. 274. Coelopeltis, part., Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 89 (1863). Maxillary teeth 10 to 17, subequal, followed by one or two very large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; , anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with more or less prominent snout, angular canthus rostralis, and projecting supraocular ; eye large, with round pupil; nostril a crescentic slit in a single or divided nasal; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, more or less distinctly grooved longi- tudinally in the adult, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. Southern Europe, South-western Asia, North Africa. Maxillary and mandible of Celopeltis monspessulana. 1. Celopeltis monspessulana. ~ Coluber monspessulanus, Hermann, Obs. Zool. i. p. 283 (1804) ; Duges, Ann. Se. Nat. (2) iii. 1885, p. 187, pl. Vb. figs. 1-6. Natrix lacertina, Wagl. in Spizx, Serp. Bras. p. 18, pl. v. (1824). Malpolon lacertinus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 59 (1826). Coluber rupestris, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mér. iii. p. 91 (1826). —— insignitus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 147, 151, pl. vii. fig. 6, and Suppl. pl. v. figs. 2 & 3 (1827). — esculapii, Dugés, Ann. Sc. Nat. xii. 1827, p. 394, pl. xlvi. ae pete fuscus, Fleischm. Dalm. nov. Serp, Gen. p. 26, pl. ii. (1881). | Coluber fuscus, Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amph. p. 26 (1832). —— virens, Dwigubsky, l. c. — vermiculatus, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 72 (1832). tara. Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. iv. 1882, p. 574, 142 COLUBRID. Coelopeltis monspessulana, Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. ii. 1836, p. 229, pl. x.; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital, (1838); Bedriaga, Bull. Boe. Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 311; Boettg. Sitzb. Ak. Berl, 1888, P: 177; Camerano, Mon. Od. Ital., peli 5, ie ii, figs, 12 & 3 (1891); Bedriaga, Instituto, xxxviii. 1890, p. 186. Psammophis lacertinus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 203, pl. viii. fige. 1-3 (1837). Bothriophis distinctus, Hichw. Reise Kasp. M. u. Kauk. i. p. 748 (1 837). Ccelopeltis lacertina, Hichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 154 (1841); Guichen. Explor, Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 23 (1850) ; Gtinth. Cat. p. 138 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 67 (1862), and Schl. Russ. R. p- 179 (1873); Schretb. Herp. Eur. p. 221, fig. (1875); Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. xlix. 1877, p. 287, Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879- 80, p. 162, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 103; Tristram, Faun. Palest. pl. xiv. (1884) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p- 151; Tomasini, Mitth. Bosn. Herz. ii. p. 630 (1894). vermiculata, Hichw. 1. c. p. 155, pl. xxix. Coluber monspessulana, var. neumayeri, Bonap. 1. ¢. monspeliensis, Gerv. Ann. Se, Nat. (3) x. 1848, p. 205. Ceelopeltis insignitus, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1180 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl.i. figs. 2 & 3 (1870); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. ix. 1874, p. 161; De Betta, Faun. Iial., Rett. Anf. p. 50 (1874). Snout projecting, rounded, with angular raised canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal very narrow, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; two loreals ; preocular large, forming a suture with the frontal, encroaching on the supraoccular; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 243 — or 4; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales longitudinally grooved, in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 160-189; anal divided; subcaudals 68-102. Olive, brown, yellowish, or reddish above, with or without dark, light- edged spots; sides.often blackish, with whitish dots; head, in the young, with dark symmetrical markings ; yellowish white beneath, uniform or spotted, clouded, or streaked with brown or olive. Total length 1800 millim. ; tail 350. - Borders of the Mediterranean (in the Italian Peninsula only in Liguria), eastwards to the Caucasus and Persia. 4, As ji Ae Ry ‘ Valencia, Spain. Lord Lilford [P.]. yg. (Se. 19; V. 177; C. 87 o-d. Her. (Se. 19; Nice. Count Peracca [P.]. ¥. 181 ; 0. ?) & yg: : Se. 19; V. 176; .P). é. é ¢ “3 17; V. 163; Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F, Werner [E.]. Sl ak hos : 2 (Sc. 19; V.174; I G.?). g-h. Hgr. (Se. 19; V. 171; ©, 88) & yg. (Sc. 19; V.175; C. 90 . 90). 4k. o> (So. 29; V. 180; C. ?) & r. (Sc. 19; V. 174; C. 94). 1.Yg. (8c.19; V.169; C. 93). m, n, 0. & (Sc. 19; V. 167; C. 87) & © (Se. 19; V. 174, 170; C. 90, 92). p. 2 (Se. 19; V. 169; C. ag? : (Ge. 19 T, 8 TAgr. (OC. ; . V. 169, 174, 170; O. 93, 83, 95). tu. ¢ (Se 19; V. 171; C.95)& 9 (Sc. 19; V. 170; C. 93). vy. & (Se.17,19; V. 161, 165; C.?, 82), Q (Sc.17; V.164; . 85), her. (Se. 17 ; . 164, 163, 160; 82, 80, 97), & yg. 9,17; V. 166, 3. C. P, 84)... c.19;:V..173; (Sc. 19; V.177, ; C. 89, ?). n. @ (Sc.19; V.176; C. 83). 6. 3 (Se. 17; V.171; ~ A Ba), t. Skeleton. x. Skull. Ar. Skull. Qd2 ei ae oe Qro a) ot A} o> (ee) 167. C@LOPELTIS. Tangier, Tangier. Mogador. Algiers, Tunis. Duirat, S. Tunisia. Tripoli. Alexandria. Cyprus. Jerusalem. Galilee. Mt, Carmel. Shiraz, Persia. Morocco, Montpellier. Algiers. 2. Colopeltis moilensis. 143 Mr. Fraser [C.]. M. H. Vaucher [C.].. Zoological Society. Mr. Fraser [C.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. J, Ritchie, Esq. [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Lord Lilford [P.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Canon Tristram [C.]. Coluber moilensis, Reuss, Mus, Senckend. i. p. 142, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1884). Coelopeltis producta, Gerv. Mém. Ac. Montp. iii. 1857, p. 512, pl. v. fig. 5; Strauch, Erp, Alg. p. 68 (1862) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1870); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 151; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 20; Werner, Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 85. Rhagerhis producta, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 275, pl. —. fig. 3; Murray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 104, Ccelopeltis moilensis, Anders. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 656, 144 COLUBRID. Snout projecting, obtusely pointed, with angular canthus. Rostral at least as deep as broad, wedged in between the internasals, its upper surface one half to two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal as broad as the supraocular, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular (rarely divided), usually not reaching the frontal ; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3 (rarely 142); eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very indistinctly grooved, in 17 rows. Ventrals 159-176 ; anal divided; subcaudals 48-73. Pale buff or sandy grey above, with brown or blackish spots ; one or two oblique brown or blackish bars on each side of the head behind the angle of the mouth; lower parts white, uniform or spotted with brick-red. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 190. Northern Sahara, from Algeria to Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Western 1a. (V. 159; 0.48). Duirat, S. Tunisia. Dr J. Anderson [P.}. . (V. 159; C. 54). a, b. Abu Roash, nr. Cairo. Dr. J. Anderson | P. |. ce. 9 (V. 173; C. 55) Dooroor, N. of Suakin, Dr. J. Anderson | P. d. 9 (V.174; C. 54). Suakin. Dr. J. Anderson | P. |. e. Hgr. (V. 176; C. 59). Nubia. Prof. Peters [P.}. Ft. 2 (V.176; C. 53). = Aden. Col. Yerbury [P.}. g. d6 (V.176; 0.73). Hadramaut. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. h. 2 (V.172; C. 64). Muscat. A. 8. iP) Jayakar, t. 2 (V. 168; 0.52). Bushire. we A. Murray 168, RHAMPHIOPHIS. Rhamphiophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 624, and Reise n. Mossaméb. iii. p. 123 (1882). Dipsina, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. ae ii. 1862, p. 1318. Coslopeltis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 89 (1868). Maxillary short, with 6 to 9 teeth gradually increasing in length and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of very large grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck, with projecting snout; rostral large, hollowed out beneath; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, in a divided or a semidivided nasal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. 168. RHAMPHIOPHIS. 145 M% ¥ ff ip P h, 44 Cie sen Gos ; ase ( PS oN mats << SA ~ Skull of Rhamphiophis oxnyrhynchus, Synopsis of the Species. I. Preocular not reaching the frontal. Scales in 19 rows on the body; ventrals 230- 241; subcaudals 154-160; upper portion of rostral measuring two thirds its distance from the fronual 60.1... eee eee eee eee eee ee 1. rubropunctatus, Scales in 17° Y0ws on the body ; “ventrals 148- [p. 146. 192; subcaudals 90-110; upper portion of rostral as long as or a ‘little shorter than its distance from the frontal.............. 2. oayrhynchus, Scales in 17 rows on the body; ventrals 171- [p. 146. 182; subcaudals 66-88; upper portion of rostral half as long as its distance from the | 1) Spee yA ve ues | inte ee apaad beattiiy «it 3. togoensis, p. 147. II. Preocular forming a suture with the frontal; scales in 17 rows on the body. Ventrals 172-185; subcaudals 59-63 ....... . 4. acutus, p. 148. Ventrals 155-168; subcaudals 31-40 ........ 5. multimaculatus, : [p. 148. VOL. ITI. 146 COLUBRID, 1. Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus. Dipsina rubropunctata, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 7, pl. i. fig. 3. a is rubropunctatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i, 1888, p. 327. Snout rounded, with obtusely angular horizontal edge. Rostral broad above, measuring two thirds its distance from the frontal, narrowed and T-shaped beneath; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, longer than the parietals; loreal as long. as deep; preocular single or divided, not reaching the frontal, its upper portion resting on the loreal; two postoculars; temporals 2 or 344; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer and much broader than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (21 or 23 on the neck). Ventrals 230-241; anal divided ; subcaudals 154-160. Brown or reddish brown above, uniform or dotted with red; head reddish, without dark markings ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish. ~ Total length 1020 millim.; tail 340. Kilimandjaro, E. Africa, a. 3, bad state (V. 280; — Kilimandjaro. * Sir H. H. Johnston, C.'154). | [P.]. 2. Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus. Psammophis oxyrhynchus, Reinh. Vid. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 244, pl. i. figs. 10-12. Rhamphiophis rostratus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 624, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 124, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1882). Ceelopeltis oxyrhynchus, Jan, Elenco, p. 89 (1868), and Icon. Gén. 34, pl. i. fig. 1 (1870); F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, 2 Rhaseethls unguiculata, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 422, pl. -xix. fig. G. Ccelopeltis porrectus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. ii. fig. 1. Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus, Peters, Reisen. Mossamb. iii. p. 126, ie ae oxyrhynchus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. 6) i. 1888, p. 327. Snout obtusely pointed, with angular horizontal edge, somewhat hooked in profile. Upper portion of rostral as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal about twice as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two or three preoculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals small, 2 or 3 + 3 or 4; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fifth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in con- tact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than 168. RHAMPHIOPHIS. 147 the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (21 or 23 on the neck). Ventrals 148-192; anal divided; subcaudals 90-110. Yellowish or pale brown above, uniform or with small red or dark brown spots, or with dark brown margins to the scales; a blackish shade in front of and behind the eye; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 1380 millim.; tail 420. Tropical Africa. ear: (V. 151, 148; C. 94, Lamu, E. Africa, F. J. Jackson, Esq. 1 P ce. Yg. (V. 183; C.?). Taveta, E. Africa, * Anstruther, Esq. i ad, 3 (V.171; C.?). Taro Plains, E. Dr. J. W. Gregory Africa, [P.]. e. ¥g. (V. 177; CO. 99). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (C.]. (Type of R. unguiculata.) F-g. 8 (V. 178; ©. 108) Coast of Zanzibar. & 2 (V. 157; OC, 103). A. Yg. (V. 168; °C. 103). Coast of Zanzibar. F, Finn, Esq. [P.]. t. Agr. (V. 192; C.110). Mpwapwa, interior of ast Africa, k. Hgr. (V.170; C. 90). Fort Johnston, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston, C. Africa. Prk J. Skull. Mombasa. m. Skull. Kavironda, E. Africa. F EY ; Jackson, Esq. 3. Rhamphiophis togoensis. Psammophis acuta (non Giinth.), Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, . 615. —— togoensis, Matschie, Mitth. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 1893, p. 212. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion half as long as its distance from the frontal ; inter- nasals broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; two preoculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 on the neck). Ventrals 171-182; anal divided ; subcaudals 66-88. Olive- brown above, with a darker vertebral line, and a black lateral stripe extending to the end of the snout and passing through the eye; upper lip, sides below the black lateral stripe, and lower parts white; a black line along each side of the belly. Total length 220 millim, Togoland, West Africa, a. Yg. (V. 182; C.?) Togoland. Berlin Museum [E. ]. L2 148 COLUBRID. 4. Rhamphiophis acutus. Psammophis acutus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 327, pl. xix. fig. D. Rhagerhis acuia, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 111, pl. xa. fig. 2 (1895). Snout short, acutely pointed. Rostral tetrahedral, its upper portion nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice ‘as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, longer than the parietals; loreal a little deeper than long; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 or 21 on the neck). Ventrals 172-185; anal divided; sub- caudals 59-63. Pale brown above, with two dark brown, black- edged bands passing through the eyes and extending to the end of the tail; a third band is confined to the head and nape; lateral band edged with white below; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 925 millim.; tail 160. Angola. a. 3 (V.185; 0.59). Pungo Andongo. Dr. Welwitsch [P.]. (Type.) 5. Rhamphiophis multimaculatus. Coronella multimaculata, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. 1xi. (1847). Dipsina multimaculata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p- 1818, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1866) ; Boetig. Ber. Senci:. Ges. 1886, p. 4. Rhagerrhis multimaculata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N.H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 25. Snout pointed. Rostral as deep as broad, its upper portion nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little longer than broad, nearly as long as the preefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one pra- — ocular (rarely divided), forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+ 3; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 155-168; anal divided; subcaudals 31-40. Pale buff or sandy grey above, with three or five series of regular brown spots, the vertebrals broader than long ; a A-shaped brown marking on the occiput; an oblique brown streak behind the eye; lower parts white. Total length 395 millim. ; tail 45, Damaraland and Namaqualand. a-d. 2 (V. 156, 160, 158,155; Damaraland. O. 31, 89, 40, 40). 169. DRoMOPHIS. 149 169. DROMOPHIS. Dryophylax, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1103 (1854). Psammophis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 135 (1858). ae 8 part., Giinth. l.c. p. 145; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 86 1863). Piilodr as, part., Jan, 1. c. p. 83. Dromophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1869, p. 447. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, unequal in size, middle longest, and gradually decreasing in size in front and behind, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, more or less oblique, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; sub- caudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. Maxillary and mandible of Dromophis lineatus, 1. Dromophis lineatus. Dryophylax lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1124 (1854). Psammophis sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 136 (1858). Philodryas lineatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 83 (1863). Dromophis lineatus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 33. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals one third to one half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, not or but slightly narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-159; anal divided; subcaudals 78-105. Olive, most of the scales black-edged, with three greenish-yellow longitudinal lines, one on the vertebral row of the scales, the others on the fourth and fifth rows; outer row of scales greenish yellow, like the belly, its upper border black; young with light cross-bars on the occiput and 150 COLUBRID. nape ; pre-and postoculars and upper lip greenish yellow; some of the labials with the sutures black ; belly and tail below greenish yellow or pale green, uniform or with a series of black dots or short lines on the outer ends of the ventrals. Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 330. Tropical Africa. a-d. (V. 151; C.?) Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [ P.]. & nev 141, 152, 148. : ©. 103, 105, ?). e 3 v . 146; C.?). Liberia. Dr. Biittikofer [C.}. Ft. 3 (V. 149; C. 78). Coast of Zanzibar. g: g (V. 149; C. 99). Lado. Dr. Emin Peale lta: h. 2 (V. 159; O.?). Central Africa. Lieut. Chippen le i,k. 3 (V. 147 ; C.101) — Africa. Mr, Argent [C.]. £8 140; ©. > 98). 2. Dromophis przornatus. Dendrophis preornata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. E 236 (1837). Oxyrhopus preeornatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. #; 039 (1854). Tha ae aes Giinth. Cat. p. 147 (1858), and Ann. & (3) xv. 1865, p. 95; Jan, Icon. Gén, 33, pl. ii. fig. 2 RcoN ee preornatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1869, p- 447 ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, 1xii. 1870, p. 353. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds the diameter of the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two shields ; internasals rather more than half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, nearly as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, in cor tact with or narrowly separated from the eye; two postoculars ; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 161-180 ; anal divided; subcaudals 110-122, Pale olive above, with black cross-bands anteriorly, black spots or a red vertebral stripe in the middle, and three black stripes posteriorly ; the cross-bands most regular on the head; lower parts uniform white. Total length 550 millim.; tail 175. West Africa. a. 9 (V.177; C. 110). Niger. W.A. Forbes, Esq. b-c. 9 eet Gu) . Africa. Mr. Argent [0.]. (FF d. gC (V. 167 C, %y W. Africa, Mr, Dalton [C.]. e. d (V.177; C. P). W. Africa. 170, TAPHROMETOPON. 151 170. TAPHROMETOPON. Taphrometopon, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1838, p. 243; Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 48; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 186 (1873). Chorisodon, Dum, §& Bibr. Mém. Ac, Sc. xxiii, 1858, p. 494, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 901 (1854). Psammophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1863). Maxillary teeth 14, very unequal in size, the middle ones much enlarged, but not separated from the rest; the solid teeth followed, after an interspace, by one or two very large grooved fangs; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head narrow, dis- tinct from neck, with raised canthus and projecting supraocular ; eye large, with round pupil; nostril crescentic, between two nasals ; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, some feebly grooved, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Central Asia and Persia. 1. Taphrometopon lineolatum. Coluber trabalis (non Paill.), Lichtenst. in Eversm. Reise, p. 146 (1823). —— (Taphrometopon) lineolatus, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii, 1838, p. 243. Chorisodon sibiricum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 902 (1854), Taphrometopon lineolatum, Peters, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1861, p. 48, figs. ; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 185, pl. v. (1878), and Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 51 (1876); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 422 (1876), and 2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 23 (1878). Psammophis dori, Jan, in De Filippi, Viag. Pers. p. 356 (1865). Snout moderately prominent, grooved above and on the sides. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals, separated from the loreal by the nasal; frontal very narrow except in front, nearly twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal about twice as long as deep; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-197; anal divided ; subcaudals 72-107. Yellowish or pale grey above, with longitudinal series of blackish dots or with four olive or brown, black-edged stripes, the median pair of stripes prolonged to between the eyes, the outer pair to the nostrils, passing through the eyes; a dark median streak from the interorbital region to the occiput; upper lip white, the anterior shields sometimes with a blackish spot ; 152 COLUBRID. lower parts white, dotted with greyish or olive, and with one or two dark lines on each side. Total length 870 millim. ; tail 190. Aralo-Caspian Steppes, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Eastern Persia. a. g (V. 192; vey C, Asia. Prof. Peters (Ft b-c. ¢ (V. 187; C.101) Syr Daria. M. Serverzow [C.]. & oN 182; C. 86). d. od (V. 184; C. 94). Daryalyk. M. Serverzow [C.]. e-i. ¢ (V.181; C. 87), Chinas, Turkestan. Se Seem Mus, h a C k-l. g (V.188; C.?)& N. side of Hum- St. G. Littledale, Esq. Q (V. 188; C. 99). boldt Mts. E. ([P.]. Turkestan. a 3 (V. 194,184; C. Tirphul, Afghani- Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]; 8 stan. , 82) & OP (V. 175, Afghan Boundary 176; C. 72, 82). Commission. q. d (V.179; C, 82). Helmand. Dr. J. Aitchison [0.]; Afghan Boun Commission, Skull of @. 171. PSAMMOPHIS. Psammophis, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 201 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 887 (1854) ; Gtinth. Cat. Col. Sn. - 135 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1868). Psammophis, gler, Syst. Amph. p. 189 (1830); Giinth. Rept. pee Ind. p. 290 (1864); Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 365 (1890). Phayrea, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 51 (1868). Amphiophis, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb, iv. 1872, p. 81. Maxillary teeth 10 to 13, one or two in the middle much enlarged, fang-lixe, preceded and followed by an interspace, the last or last two large and grooved and situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with angular canthus rostralis ; eye moderate or large, wiih round pupil; frontal narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, more or less oblique *, with apical pits, in 11 to 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Africa and Southern Asia. The skull of this genus, as well as that of the two preceding geneva, is remarkable for the wide vacuity between the frontal and sphenoid bones, a condition which approaches that of the Lacertilia. Quite in front, however, the frontals descend to join the sphenoid. * Scarcely oblique in P. crucifer and P. angolensis, 171. PsAMMOPHIS, 153 ¥ Skull of Psammophis schokari. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 17 rows, exceptionally 19. A. Rostral a little broader than deep, well visible from above. . 1, Anal entire; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. One presocular; five lower labials in » contact with the anterior chin-shields; ¥ ventrals 170-185; subcaudals 92-97 .. 1. leithii, p. 155. Two preoculars; four lower labials in coatact with the anterior chin-shields ; ventrals 157-171; subcaudals 81-104. 2. notostictus, p. 156. 2. Anal divided. a. Five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; usually nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; preocular in contact with the frontal ; ventrals 162-197. Sixth upper labial shorter than the eye, which is more than half the length of the snout; subcaudals 93-149 ...... 3. schokari, p. 157. Sixth (exceptionally fifth) upper labial as long as the eye, which is more than half 154 COLUBRID, the length of the snout; subcaudals ee, Te eee 4. punctulatus, p. 159. Sixth upper labial as long as the eye, : which is half the length of the snout; : subcaudals 1382 ..............500 5. trigranmus, p. 159. 6. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; eight or nine upper labials ; ventrals 151-168 ; subcaudals 100-108 ...... 6. subteniatus, p. 160. B. Rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above. 1. Nineupper labials, three entering the eye; ventrals 161-173; subcaudals 109-127.......... 7. bocagii, p. 161. 2, Eight upper labials, exceptionally seven or nine, two entering the eye. a. Frontal, in the middle, narrower than the supraocular ; ventrals 155-198 ; subcaudals 90-116. Preocular narrowly in contact with or separated from the frontal, which is as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout................ 8. sibilans, p. 161, Preocular extensively in contact with the frontal; snout short, forehead strongly RROOVER Sii3 5.35. Geeks ona eas 9. furcatus, p. 164, Preocularseparated from the frontal, which is considerably shorter than its distance from the end of the snout............ 10. longifrons, p. 165. b. Frontal, in the middle, nearly as broad as the supraocular ; preocular not reaching the frontal. Snout nearly twice as long as the eye; ~ ventrals 156-182; subcaudals 75-90 .. 11. condanarus, p. 165. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye ; ventrals 153- 163; subcaudals:64-95 ............ 12. brevirostris, p. 166. C. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; snout twice to twice and a half as long as the eye; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; ventrals 179- 202; subcaudals 144-161 ...... 13. elegans, p. 167. II. Scales in 15 rows. Nine or ten upper labials (rarely eight) ; ventrals 142-164; subcaudals 100-131. 14. biseriatus, p. 168. Eight upper labials (rarely seven) ; ventrals 136-155 ; subcaudals 62-81 ........ 15. crucifer, p. 169. III. Scales in 13 rows; ventrals 144; subcaudals 108. 16. pulcher, p. 169. IV. Scales in 11 rows; ventrals 141-155; subcaudals 57-81. 17. angolensis, p. 170, 171. PSAMMOPHIS. 155 TABLE sHOwING NumBers oF ScALES AND SHIELDS. Ant. Se. Vv. A Cc Lab Temp. Preoc. VOtEDGS sivas cincsee said 17 |170-185| 1 | 92-97 8 1 1 NOLOSLICTUS — ess eeane 17 |157-171| 1 | 81-104 8 2(1)| 2 SChOK ATI... ee secsenees 17 (19)| 162-195| 2 | 93-149 | 9 (8-10)| 2 (1) | 1 (2) punctulatus ......06 17 |177-190| 2 |130-158| 9 (8) 2 1 trigraMMUS ....0..4. 17 182 2 132 9 1-2 2 CONAALUS ....0006 17 |151-168| 2 |100-108/ 8-9 2 1 DOCUGEE 00.0... 000000 17 | 161-173} 2 | 109-127 9 1-2 1 SUDUANS .2....00.s00000 17 |155-198|} 2 | 90-116 | 8(9) | 2(8)} 1(2) Sfurcatus ..........0. 17 |158-179| 2 | 95-114 8 2 1 | Longifrons .......++04- 17 173 | 2 93 8 2 1 CONAANATUS .....000+ 17 |156-182| 2 | 75-90 8 1 (2) 1 | brevirostris ......... 17 |153-163| 2 | 64-95 | 8(7) 2 1 | CLEGGRS ...cccccesoatos 17 |179-202| 2 | 144-161 9 2(1)} 1 Disertatus ......00000. 15 | 142-164} 1-2| 100-131 |9-10(8)| 2 1-2 CrUCHE? .....d..sseess- 15 |136-155| 2 | 62-81 | 8 (7) 2 1 PUMCKEP ....0.eccecees 13 144 2 108 1 2 ANGOLENSIS ...+00. 024+ 11 {141-155| 2 | 57-81 8 1 1 1. Psammophis leithii. Psammophis leithii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 505, pl. xxxix. ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 83; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 382 (1884) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 588. condanarus (non Merr.), Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x\viii. 1879, p. 126. leithii, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 365 (1890). Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals about half the length of the pre- frontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal about twice as long as deep; one preeocular, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, Ventrals 170-185; anal entire; subcaudals 92-97.. Ye'lowish above, with four longitudinal brown bands edged with black, the median pair extending to the supraoculars, the outer to the end of the snout, passing through the eye; a dark streak on the vertex ; lower parts white. Total length 730 millim. ; tail 210. Sind, Cutch, Rajputana, Scindia, Baluchistan. a. do (V. 177; C. 97). Sind. Dr. Leith [P.]. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 170; C. ?). Ajmere. Ma a Esq. P.). 156 COLUBRID. ec. 9 (V. 179; 0.92). Gwalior. C. Maries, ae Be 4, 2 (V. 185; C.94). Munro Khalat, Balu- R. H. ©. Tufnell, chistan. Esq. [P.]. 2. Psammophis notostictus. Psammophis silibans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 186 (1858) ; Mocquard, Bull. Soc, Philom. (7) xi, 1887, p. 78. " — moniliger, var. notostictus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1867, 237. fal sibilans, var. stenocephalus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 205, and Herp. Angola, a P 116 (1895). notosticta, Matschie, Mitth. bean Schutzgeb. v. 1893, p. 212; Bo . Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 538. sibilans, var. notosticta, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 92. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two or three shields ;, internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, in the middle not more than half as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice to twice and a half as long as deep; two preoculars, upper in contact with the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 242 or 3 (rarely 142); ; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 157-171; anal entire; subcaudals 81-104. Pale. brown or olive above, with a pair of more or less distinct lighter stripes, and with or without small black spots; each vertebral scale often yellow in its posterior half ; head with dark spots but no longitudinal streaks ; upper labials and usually pre- and postoculars yellowish white; anterior labials often spotted with black; lower parts and whole or part of outer row of scales yellowish white, or olive with a lateral yellowish stripe ; anterior ventrals often with small black spots Total length 785 millim. ; tail 225. South Africa, Angola, Lower Congo. a. 3 (V. 170; C. 88). b. 3 (V. 169; 0. 85.) e. g (V. 161; C. 87). d,e. gd (V. 165; C. 86) & ye. (¥. 2725 £4, 9.0 (V. 162, 157; h. 9 (V. 168 C. 91). Oape of Good Hope Lions Hill, Cape own. | Caffraria. Orange R. San Nicolao R., Little Fish Bay. S. Africa, i a Dey Ur sk J. e ir Weale, Esq, pL Cannemeyer[P. } J. a Minette Esq. Zoological Society. 171. PsAMMOPHIs. 157 3. Psammophis schokari. Coluber schokari, Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775). —— lacrymans, Reuss, Mus. Senck. i. p. 139 (1834). Psammophis moniliger, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 891 (1854). punctatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 896; Gerv. Mém. Ac. Montp. iii. 1857, p. 512, pl. v. fig. 3; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 66 (1862) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1862, p. 274, pl. —. fig. 2. —— sibilans, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 306. sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 136 (1858); Strauch, 1. c.; Schretb. Herp. Eur. p. 217 (1875); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 150. —— sibilans, var. hierosolimitana, Jan, Elenco, p. 90 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 34, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1870). sibilans, var. punctata, Jan, Elenco, p. 90; Boettg. in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tun. p: 462 (1885). sindanus, Stoliezka, Proc. As. Soe. Beng. 1872, p. 83. —— leithii (non Giinth.), Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 421 (1876). —— moniliger, var. hierosolymitana, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879- 80, p. 163. moniliger, var. punctata, Boettg. l. c. p. 164. —— leithii, part., Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 365 (1890). —— lacrymans, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 588; Anders. Proce. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 655. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, about half as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal three to four times as long as deep ; one preeocular (rarely divided), in contact with the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3 (rarely 1+2); nine (rarely eight or ten) upper labials, third or fourth deepest, usually third, fourth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth (rarely fourth and fifth or sixth and seventh) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows. Ventrals 162-195; anal divided; subcaudals 93-149. Yellowish, greyish, pale olive, or reddish above, uniform or spotted or striped with darker; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; lips usually with dark dots or spots; belly usually with dark dots and with one or two interrupted dark lines on each side. Total length 1210 millim.; tail 430. Borders of the Sahara, Arabia, Syria, Persia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Sind. A. Regularly striped, the stripes brown or olive with a fine black edge ; series of vertebral scales yellowish. a. 9 (V.188; C. 119). Biskra. J. me Esq. b. 3 (V. 179; C. 181). e 9 (V. 168; ©. 149). 3 (V. 174; ©. P). ef, ° AY. ta 183 ; s Hg (V. 185 C. COLUBRID, Duirat, 8. Tunisia. Aden. Muscat. Jask, 8. Persia. Candahar. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Col. Mag 2s [P.]. A. 8. G. J ayakar, Esq. [P. 8. Bag (Po Tay Col, Swinhoe [P.]. B. Stripes more indistinct, partially replaced by series of blackish spots. ab. 3 (V. 178; C. 100) & 9 (V. 169; O. 98). e-d. 2 (V. 164; C. ) & her. (V. 174; C. 105). e. Hgr. (V. 185; C. ?). F-g. 3 a ve os “@ & yg. ( 126). Suakin. Suakin, Helmand. Between the Hamoon and Khusa, A fghanis- tan. Col. Sir C. ee Smith & Dr. Anderson [P.}. Dr. J. peice P.). Dr. J. Aitchison [C.}; Afghan Boun Commission. Dr. J. Aitchison [O.}; ke Boun Commission. C. No stripes, body uniform or dotted with blackish. a-b. 3 (V. 185; ©. ey & 9 ys 185; 177 ; ie (V. 170. 6, 0g (Se0} V. 188; f Hee mW, 195; C. 08 WMT; CO. ?). h. 2 (V.176; 0.114). #. Ad., bad state (V, 190; C. 121). k. d (V. 177; 0.119). as i, of . 168 ; C. 110). m8 (Se. 19; V. 192; o. d (V. 178; C. ?). p. Hgr. (V. 170; ©. 141 & 126, 110). (V. 186; ©. v. ah 177; ©, P). w, Skull, Egypt. Abbassiyeh, near Cairo. Gizeh. Oasis of Karhgeh, Assouan, Dooroor. Ras Gharib. Chartoum, East of Suez Canal. Moses Wells, Suez. Shaloof, near Suez. Island of Shadwan, Gulf of Suez. Aden. Hadramaut. Muscat. Karman, Persia, Kurrachee, Sind. Egypt. M. Lefebvre [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [ P.}, Dr. J. Anderson Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P. Dr. J. Anderson | P.}, Oo Petherick pe ; eye Dr. J. Anderson Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Dr. J. Anderson Col. Yerbury [P.]. Dr. J. Andecon te AF A. 8. G Pi; G. Jayakar, Wit pees Esq. Ketersnhss Mus. [E.]. F, Day, Esq. [P.}. 171. PsAMMOPHIs. 159 4, Psammophis punctulatus. Psammophis punctulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 897 (1854) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 123 (1882); Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1893, .119; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 14, pl. iv. g. 1, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 587. Dendrophis furcatus, Biancont, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 276, pl. xiii. (1859). Psammophis punctulatus, var. trivirgatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p. 206. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two or three shields; internasals nearly half as long as the prefrontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly twice to twice and a half as long as deep ; one preeocular, in contact with the frontal and with the third, fourth, and fifth upper labials ; two postoculars ; tem- porals 2+ 2 or 24+3; nine (exceptionally eight) upper labials, third deepest, fifth and sixth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye, sixth (or fifth) largest, as long as the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales in 17 rows. Ventrals 177-190; anal divided; subcaudals 130-158. Yellow or brownish white above, greenish or greyish on the sides and beneath, head and nape olive-grey or reddish, speckled with black; three black stripes along the body, the median broadest and bifurcating on the neck, its branches extending, as brown streaks, to the end of the snout after passing through the eyes; the stripes on the body may be reduced to the vertebral. Total length 1660 millim. ; tail 580. Arabia ; East Africa, from Somaliland to Mozambique. a. 3 (V. 185; C. 146). Ogaden, Somaliland. Capt. Bottego [C.]; arquis G. Doria [P.]. b. @ (V. 184; C. 186). Lake Rudolf. sal chee Smith 5. Psammophis trigrammus. Psammophis trigrammus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 95, pl. ii. fig. E; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 538. Snout twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between three shields ; inter- nasals about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, half as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end-of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal thrice as long as deep; two preoculars, upper not quite reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 2+1; nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, third, fourth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior 160 COLUBRID. chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 182; anal divided; subcaudals 132. Pale olive above, yellowish posteriorly, the scales on the vertebral line black-edged, forming a stripe posteriorly ; a rather indistinct dark lateral stripe, running along the outer row of scales; upper lip, pre- and postoculars yellowish white ; lower parts and lower half of outer row of scales yellowish white, the ventrals clouded with olive in the middle. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 430. Namaqualand. a. do (V. 182; C. 182). R. San Nicolao, Little J. J. Monteiro - Mi : Fish Bay. ; of (Type) 6. Psammophis subteniatus. Psammophis sibilans, var. subteeniata, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii, p- 121 (1882) ; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 12. —— subteeniatus, Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 538. Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal twice and a half to thrice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 242 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 151-168; anal divided; subcaudals 100-108. Brown or olive above, the seven middle rows of scales usually darker and black-edged and separated from the sides by a more or less distinct pale streak ; usually a black lateral streak, running along the outer row-of scales; upper labials yellowish, with black dots and a black line along their upper border which is continued across the rostral ; yellowish below, with a black line along each side of the belly. Total length 1030 millim.; tail 350. East Africa, from Zanzibar to Mozambique. a. Her, (V. 151; ©. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.}, 104). b. 9 W. 161; ©. 103). Zanzibar. Dr. J. G, Fischer, e-d. 9 (V. 168; C. — McLear, Lake Mr. F. A. Simons ree yg. (V. 164; yassa. [C.], e. 2 (V.162; O. ?). Lake Nyassa. Miss S, C. McLaugh- fa. é ANP 156,165; Lake Nyassa. Universities Mission. O. 103, ?). h,i.3(V.159;0.?)& Zomba, Nyassaland. Sir H. H. Johnston, @ (V. 167; C. 104). (P.}. co 171. PSAMMOPHIS. 161 k. Yg. (V. 158; OC. E. Central Africa. Dr. Livingstone fo.) 100 ; Lord Russell [P.]. 1. 2 (V. 168; C. ?). Zambesi Expedition. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 7. Psammophis bocagii. (Pxrare VIII. fig. 1.) Psammophis sibilans, var. A, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 115 (1895). —— bocagii, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 538. Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal rather more than twice as long as broad, much narrower in the middle than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal twice as long as deep; one preocular, not quite reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2, 2+2, or 2+3,; nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 161-173; anal divided; subcaudals 109-127. A broad reddish-brown, black- edged vertebral band, seven scales broad, separated from the sides, which are grey or reddish brown, by a yellow streak; a black line along the middle of the outer row of scales ; head with rather indistinct yellow, black-edged cross-bars ; a black line along the upper border of the labials, which are dotted with black ; lower half of outer row of scales and lower parts pale yellow, with a black line on each side. Total length 820 millim.; tail 295. Angola. a. dg (V. 166; C. 112). Benguella. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. 8. Psammophis sibilans. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lvi. fig. 4 (1735) ; Linn. Amen. Acad. i. p. 302 (1749) ; Lacép. Serp. ii. p. 246, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1879). Coluber sibilans, part., Linn. S. NV. i. p. 885 (1766). —— moniliger, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 69 (1803). ——auritus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 147, 151, pl. viii. fig, 4 (1827), and Suppl. pl. iv. fig. & (1829). Psammophis sibilans, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 547; Jan, Icon. Gén. pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges, xii. 1881, p. 395, and Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887-88, p.58; Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, . 588, Coluber phillipsii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1844, p. 169. Psammophis moniliger, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 207, pl. viii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837) ; Dum. § Bidr. vii. p. 891 (1854). —— phillipsii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 100, and 1857, p- 69; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 554; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 686. —— iregularis, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb, ili. 1856, p. 92, L. ii. fig. 4; Gtinth. Cat. p. 187 (1858); A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 859, p 208, pl. xvii. fig. 9; Jan, J. ¢. pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2. VOL, III. M 162 COLUBRID. Psammophis sibilans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 186; Schretb. Herp. Eur. p. 217 (1875). — es var. bilineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, . 237. kas sibilans, var. mossambica, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 122 (1882). ; —— sibilans, var. intermedius, Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 14. sib ans, var. leopardina, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, 205 _* "jrregularis, Matechie, Mitth. deutech. Schutegeb, vi. 1898, p. 212. —— sibilans, var. C, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 116 (1895). Snout once and a half to twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad; nostril between two or three shields; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and three fourths to twice and one third as long as broad, narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds to twice and a half as long as deep ; one preocular (rarely divided), in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; tem- porals 24+2 or 3 (rarely 3+38); eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals — 155-198; anal divided; subcaudals 90-116. Coloration very variable. Total length 1210 millim.; tail 380. Tropical Africa and Egypt. A. Olive or brown above, the scales mostly black-edged ; a more or less distinct, narrow yellow vertebral line and a broader yellow streak along each side of the back; head with yellow, black-edged longitudinal streaks in front, and transverse ones behind, :which markings, however, may become very indistinct in the adult; upper lip yellowish white, uniform or with a few brown or black dots on the anterior shields; lower parts, including lower half of outer row of scales, yellowish white, uniform or with a faint brown lateral line. a. 6 (V. 165; C.103). Beltim, between Ro- Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. setta and Damietta. b. d (V. 166; C. ?). Abassiyeh, near Cairo. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. od. & (V. 164; 0.108) Abu Roash, Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson & Q (V. 158; 0. ?). e-f. 6 (V. 167; C. 109) Fayoum. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. & 2 (V. 166; 0, 109). g. 9 (V. 1605 6.114). Minia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. h gr. (V. 170; C.?). Anseba Valley, Abys- W.'T. Blanford, Esq. sinia. [P.]. 171. PSAMMOPHIS. 163 B. As in A, but no trace of a light vertebral line. a-b, 3 (V. 167, 167; Minia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.] C. 116, ?). ©. Uniform brown or greyish olive above, the markings on the head very indistinct; upper lip and lower parts, including lower third of outer row a scales, uniform yellowish white. a. 2 (V. 168; C. ?). Egyp J. Burton, Esq. [P.}. b. Hise 3 (V, 168 ; Mekolia el Kobra. Dr, J. Anderson [P. C. 109). e. § (V. 159; C. 103). Fayoum. Dr, J. Anderson [P. }. ad. 9 (V. 172; ©. 114). Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson [ P.]}. D. Brown or olive above, with lateral streaks and head-markings as in A; vertebral line absent or reduced to a series of yellow dots, one on each scale ; upper lip with brown or black dots ; lower parts, including lower half of outer row of scales, white, with a continuous or interrupted black longitudinal line on éach side of the belly. = ¢ (V. 165; C. ?). Mekalla el Kobra. Dr. J. Anderson [P. }. er. (V. 180 ; C.?). Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha bP L. n Hee (V. 167; 0. 102).. Mt. Elgon, 6000- F. J. Jackson, Esq. 7000 ft. Pi). d. Yg. (V.159; ©.110). Kilimandjaro. F, rf Jackson, Esq. ef, & (V. 157; C.106) Mouths of Niger. ates Millson, Esq. & 2 (V. 159; C. 102). [Pah g. Yg. (V.157; C.105). Lagos. Sir A. Moloney [P.]. h. 2 “iv. 172 ; C. P). Gambia. Lord Derby [P]. z. Ye. (V. 164; C. 106). W. Africa. Mr. Rich [CJ k. ne (V. 161; C.97). W. Africa. Mr. Raddon C.). 2. Her. (V. 166 ; C.97). ——? E. Uniform brown or olive above, with more or less distinct traces of the markings on the head; upper lip yellowish, with brown or blackish dots; lower parts, including lower third or lower half of outer row of scales, yellowish, with a brown or black line on each side of the belly. a. Hgr. (V. 155; C.?). Inland of Berbera, E. Lort Phillips, Esq. Somaliland. [P.]. 6. 2 (V. 163; C. ?). Kilifi, E. Africa. G. D. comme Es ec. Hgr. (V.170; C.?). Bolama, Senegambia. R, Riel, Esq. F. Olive above, which colour extends down to the ends of the ventrals, uniform or dotted with blackish, or with most of the scales black-edged ; sometimes, in the young, with traces of light longitudinal stripes and of the head-markings; upper lip yellowish, spotted or speckled with black ; belly yellowish or pale olive, uniform or dotted with black on the sides, the dots sometimes confluent into longitudinal lines, a-b, Yg. (V. 169, 173; Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.]. C. 97, 93). 9 M 164 COLUBRID. ce. dO (V. 164; C. P). Ndi, Teita Mts., Pet . W. Gregory E. Africa. [P.]. d. Hgr. (V. 158; C.93). W.of Mombasa. Mp 1 W. Gregory ef. f Ye (V. 162, 169; Kilimandjaro, F. J. Jackson, Esq. Fl | (V.. 160; Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [0.}. C. 90) & yg. (V. 161; C. 90). i-k. od (V.198; ©. 104) Zanzibar. Dr. J. G. Fischer. l,m. Hgr. (V. 169,170; Zomba, Nyassaland. ne 2 H. Johnston P, 94). n. Ad, head & neck. Zambesi. sity J. Kink [ oh skin, bad state. Ungora, Upper Nile. Capt. 8 [ 0 Hier Ashe i 180 milesupthe J. Wy. TOsse, Her. (V. 176,170; Asa 6. 100, 107) & yg (V. 181; C. 116). r. 2 (V. 171; C. P), Sierra Leone. n,¢ Hart, Esq. . (V. 166; C.?). Cette Cama, Gaboon. re = Ye, . 168, 169; Ambriz, Angola. Mr. Rich [C.}. v. Yg.(V. 170; C.?). W. Africa. .' Mr. Rich [0. 4, w. 2 (V. 172; C. P). W. Africa. Mr. Fraser } x. 6 (V.179; 0.110). W. Africa. Mr, Dalton [C y. Skull. Asaba, Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.}. a. Skull. Egypt. 9. Psammophis furcatus. pr ae moniliger, var. furcatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, P —— sibilans, Boettg. Ber. Senck, Ges, 1886, p. 5. —— sibilans, var. furcata, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 92. —— furcatus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1895, p. 538. Snout once and a half as long as the eye; forehead strongly grooved. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than the parietals; loreal once and two thirds as long as deep; one preocular, extensively i in contact with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye, fifth nearly as long as the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 158-179; anal divided ; subcaudals 95-114. Brown above, the scales edged with darker, a narrow yellow vertebral line, bifurcating on the occiput, its branches extending to the anterior border of the frontal shield; a broader yellow streak on each side, from the eye to the end of the tail; upper lip, lower half of outer row of scales, and lower parts 171. PSAMMOPHIs, 165 yellowish white, with or without an interrupted blackish line on each side of the ventrals. Total length 880 millim. ; tail 250. South Africa. a. & (V. 158; ©. 95). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. 10. Psammophis longifrons. (Prars VIII. fig. 2.) Psammophis longifrons, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 366 (1890) ; Dreckmann, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii. 1892, p. 406; Gleadow, op. cit, viii. 1894, p. 553. Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, ‘visible from above; nostril between one anterior and two super- posed posterior nasals ; internasals hardly half as long as the pre- frontals, which are only a little shorter than the frontal; latter shield very narrow, much narrower in the middle than the supra- ocular, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal slightly more than twice as long as deep; one preocular, not extending to the frontal; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+3,; eight upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower lJabials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 173; anal divided ; subcaudals 93. Olive above; head with symmetrical undulating black lines ; scales on the vertebral line, or on the whole back, with broad black margins; uniform white beneath. Total length 1320 millim. ; tail 375. Hills of South Western India. a. Ad. (head and neck only). Cuddapah Hilla. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.) 11. Psammophis condanarus. Russell, Ind. Serp.i. pl. xxvii. (1796). Coluber condanarus, Merr. Tent. p. 107 (1820). Leptophis ? bellii, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1853, p. 529. Psammophis condanarus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p- 293; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 291 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 196, and xl. 1871, p. 488; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 182; Stoliezka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p- 83; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 187 (1876) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 882 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p, 365, fig. (1890). sibilans, var. E, Giinth. Cat. p. 137 (1858). indicus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se. 1863. Phayrea isabellina, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 51. Psammophis sibilans, var. quadrilineata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1870). . Snout nearly twice as long as the eye. JRostral as deep as broad, visible from above; nasal divided or semidivided; internasals rather more than half the length of the prefrontals ; frontal twice 166 COLUBRID. as long as broad, nearly as broad, in the middle, as the supraocular, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal about twice as long as deep; one preocular, not extending to the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142 or 1+3, rarely 2+3; eight upper labials, third longer than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 156-182; anal divided; subcaudals 75-90. Pale olive above, with two pairs of more or less distinct dark bands each two scales wide ; thése bands, the lower of which passes through the eye, often black-edged ; upper lip and lower parts uniform yellowish, with a dark line along each side of the ventrals and subcaudals. Total length 920 millim. ; tail 220. Northern India and Burma. a. Hgr. (V. 165; C.78). Kotree, Sind. Dr. Leith [P.]. b. Hgr. (V. 176; C.88). Chillianwallah, Dr. Cantor. ce. 9 (V. 182; C.?). Bengal. d-g. (V. 156, 164; Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]- OC. 75, ?), Q (V. 168; C. ?), & hgr. (V. 166; C. 87). h. Han (V, 166; C. ?). Toungyi, S. Shan E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. tates. 12. Psammophis brevirostris. Psammophis brevirostris, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 89; Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 609; Bouleng. Proce. Soe. 1895, p. 539, P Psammophis sibilans, var. tettensis, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. : p. 122 (1882) ; Matschie, l. c. Psammophis sibilans, var. brevirostris, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 118 (1895). Snout once and a half to once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; nostril between two or three shields; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as broad as or a little narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper Jabials, third deeper than second or fourth (or second deeper than first and third), fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 153-163; anal divided; subcaudals 64-95. Brown or dark olive on the back (7 rows of scales), pale olive on the sides down to the ventrals, the two shades separated by a more or less distinct lighter streak; a yellowish black-edged spot usually present on each vertebral scale ; head uniform olive- brown in the 171. PSAMMOPHIS. 167 adult, in the young with a yellowish streak along the frontal and yellowish cross-bars behind; yellowish white beneath, with a series of olive or blackish dots or short streaks along eath side. Total length 1300 millim.; tail 370. South Africa; Angola. a. do (V.161; C.?). Pretoria, Transvaal. Wt Distant, Esq. de g (V.150; 0.77) Port Natal Met Ayres [C.]. & © (V. 153; C. 94). d-e. Hgr. (V. 158 ; C.91) Natal EK. Howlett, Esq. & ye. ( (V. 153; C. 91). [P.}. Ft. 3AM Sat C. 95). Port Elizabeth. Mr. Drege [P.]. g. Hgr. (V. 162 ; C. 86). S. Africa. J. P| Gurney, Esq. h. Yg. (V. 157; C. 70). Angola, pat Barboza du Bocage [P.]. 13. Psammophis elegans. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. Ix. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber elegans, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 536 (1802). AEE COI elegans, Leach, in FRowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 493 (1819). Pabenoohts elegans, Bote, Isis, 1827, P 533; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 216 (1837), and Abdild. p. 180, pl. xliii. figs. 15 & 16 (1844) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 894 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 188 (1858) ; A, Dum. Arch. Mus, x. 1859, p..208, pl. xvii. fig. 10; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 895; F. Mull. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 687 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Sov. 1895, p. 539. Snout twice to twice and a half as long as the eye, obliquely truncate at the end. MRostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; nostril between two shields; internasals a little longer than broad, about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, narrower, in the middle, than the supra- ocular, slightly longer than the prefrontals, or as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; loreal three to.four times as long as deep; one pre- ocular, usually not reaching the frontal ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3, rarely 1+2; nine upper labials, third deeper than second and fourth, third, fourth, and fifth in contact with the preocular, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 179-202; anal divided ; subcaudals 144-161. Yellow or pale olive above, with three longi- tudinal bands, between blesX lines formed by black-edged scales, the median band five scales wide, the outer narrower and extending to the end of the snout after passing through the eyes ; head olive- above, punctulated with black; upper lip and sides of belly yellow, the rest of the belly olive, lineolated with black. Total length 1230 millim. ; tail 480. Senegambia and Guinea. 168 COLUBRID. a-b, ¢. 4 Ne 64 200, 195 ; W. Africa. (Types.) G.16 d, Hr. (V. 16, ©, 154). W. Africa. Mr. Rich [P.]. e. Hgr. (V. 188; C. 155). W. Africa. Mr. Argent [C.]. F-g. o (V. 179; OC. 144) & W. Africa. Haslar Collection. 9 (V. 198; C.?). h,i. 5 (V. 185; C. 152) & Fantee. T. E. Bowdich, Esq. hgr. (V. 193; C. 149). Pi} k. ¥p. (V. 190; C. 154). Ashantee. 2. Skull. Senegal. 14. Psammophis biseriatus. Psammophis biseriatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 88; Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 18, pl. i. fig. 4; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1892, p. 15; Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 119; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 731; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 537. Snout once and two thirds to twice as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal three to four . times as long as deep; one preocular, sometimes divided, exten- sively in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3; nine or ten (rarely eight) upper labials, third deepest, fourth, fifth, and sixth or fifth and sixth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142-164; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 100-131. Greyish or pale brown above, with a darker vertebral band and two series of reddish-brown or black spots ; head with dark brown or reddish-brown, black-edged spots, and usually a dark cross-band on the occiput; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; lips with black or brown spots, belly greyish, speckled with black and spotted with white, sometimes with a rusty median stripe. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 400. Central and East Africa. a. ons . 142; A. 2; Between Obbia and Ber- Signor A. B. Robec- . 118). bera, Somaliland. chi C.J; Marquis G. Doria as b. 9 (V. 154; A. 2; Inland of Berbera, E. Lort Phillips, ©. 100). Somaliland. »/ LP. }. ce. 9 (V. 149; A. 1; Kurawa, E. Africa. Dr. J. W. Gregory C. 120). (PAY d. Yg., bad state. Ungora, Upper Nile. Capt. Speke [C.]. e. Yg. (V. 148; A, 2; 8. shore of Victoria Dr. Emin Pasha ©, 106). Nyanza, [P.]. 171, PSAMMOPHIS. 169 15. Psammophis crucifer. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. liii. fig. 2, & evii. fig. 4 (1735); Merr. Beytr. i. P. 18, pl. iii. (1790). Coluber sibilans, part., Linn. 8. N. i. p. 883 (1766). — crucifer, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 189 (1803). Psammophis crucifer, Bote, Isis, 1827, pp. 525, 547; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 892 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 185 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 34, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1870) ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 539. —— moniliger, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 209, pl. viii. figs. 6 & 7 (1837). ‘ Snout once and a half as long as the eye. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two shields ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as broad as or a little narrower than the supraocular, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal about once and a half as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 136- 155; anal divided; subcaudals 62-81. Pale olive or brownish above, with a black-edged dark vertebral band, three scales wide, which extends to the head, giving off one or two transverse bars on the nape, and enclosing a light spot or streak on the suture between the parietal shields; sides of head with large dark blotches, the pre- and postoculars yellowish; a more or less distinct dark band along each side of the body, with a white streak below it on the lower half of the outer row of scales and the outer ends of the ventrals; lower parts yellow or orange, uniform or finely speckled with blackish, with a dark streak or series of small spots on each side, Total length 640 millim. ; tail 160. South. Africa. a. 9 (V. 150; C. 73). ~ Simon’s Bay. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ b-c. Sf (V. 148, 148; Port Elizabeth. H. A. Spencer, Esq. C. 81, 70). (P24. d. Hgr. (V. 151; C. 80). ' Namaqualand. ef. 2 (V. 144; C. 74) & Matabeleland. C. Beddington, Esq. yg. (V. 148; C. 73). Ea g. 2 (V. 145; C. 66). S. Africa. Haslar Collection. h. 2 (V. 155; C. 78). S. Africa. _ 16. Psammophis pulcher. Pesraspophig pulcher, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 537, pl. xxx. ig. 8. Snout once and two thirds as long as the eye. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nostril between two shields ; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice and a half as long as broad, a little narrower than the supraocular, longer 170 COLUBRID, than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds as long as deep; two pra- oculars, upper not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, third deeper than fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye, fifth as long as the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 144; anal divided; subcaudals 108. Pale brownish above, with an orange black-edged vertebral stripe and a black lateral streak, running along the second row of scales and extending to the end of the snout after passing through the eye; upper lip, outer row of scales, and outer ends of ventrals white; ventrals yellow in the middle, with an orange line on each side, Total length 435 millim, ; tail 160. Western Somaliland. a. 2 (V. 144; C,108). | WebiShebeli. § Dr. Donaldson Smith [P.]. (Type.) 17. Psammophis angolensis. Amphiophis lensis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1872, p. 82; eters, Sitzh. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 149; Bocage, Herp, digeie p- 113, pl. xi. fig. 3 (1895). Ablabes homeyeri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 620. Dromophis angolensis, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p. 55. Psammophis angolensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1801, p. 307, and 1895, p. 539, ' Snout about once and a half the diameter of the eye. Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; nostril between two shields ; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the pra- frontals ; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, nearly as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one prwocular, usually not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third usually deeper than second and fourth, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 11 rows. Ventrals 141-155; anal divided; subcaudals 57-81. Pale olive above with a dark olive or blackish vertebral stripe, three scales wide, finely edged with black and yellow ; head dark olive in front, blackish behind, with three yellow transverse lines, the first behind the eyes, the third behind the parietal shields; two black cross-bands may be present on the nape and neck, separated by a yellowish interspace ; labials and preoculars yellowish white; one or two more or less distinct dark lines or series of dots along each side ; lower parts whitish. Total length 375 millim. ; tail 110. Tropical Africa, south of the Equator. a. d (V. 161; C. 58). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. b, Yg. (V. 154; 0.57). 8. shore of Victoria © Dr. Emin Pasha[P.]. Nyanza. 172. MIMOPHIS. 171 e. 2 (V. 155; CO. 58). Lake Tanganyika. E. Coode-Hore, Esq. [C.]. d-e. 2 (V. 149; 0.71) Cape McClear, Lake Mr. F. A. Simons & her. (V. 141; C. 68), yassa. . Lot Ff. 2 (V. 147; C, 68). Fort Johnston, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston O. Africa, oe 172. MIMOPHIS. Mimophis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 421. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, two or three in the middle much enlarged, fang-like, followed by an interspace, last large and grooyed; anterior mandibular teeth very strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; frontal narrow; nostril in an entire or semidivided nasal, followed by a short loreal, which is separated from the preocular by the pre- frontal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Mimophis mahfalensis. Psammophis mahfalensis,Grandid. Rev. § Mag. Zool. xix. 1867, p.234. Mimophis madagascariensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) 1. 1868, p. 421, pl. xviii.; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii, 1881, p. 445; Steind, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, c. 1891, p. 294. ieiae Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) vii. 1895, pp. 103 Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; inter- nasals as long as broad or longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice and a half to three times as long as broad, much narrower than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals ; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, second or second and third in contact with the pre- frontal, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four (rarely three or five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-164; anal divided; subcaudals 61-102. Pale fawn-colour above, with a dark brown vertebral band or a zigzag series of spots which may be divided by a narrow pale line running along the spine ; head with undulous dark lines above and a dark streak on each side, passing through the eye. Total length 760 millim.; tail 195. Madagascar. A. A dark brown dorsal stripe, four scales wide, and two or three brown streaks along the sides; belly yellowish, with more or less distinct brown longitudinal streaks. a-c. 3 (V. 149,140; C. Madagascar. Rev. W. Ellis [P.]. ores. & & (V. 152; (Types.) 172 COLUBRID. * A i 149, 140; _Imerina. Rey. J. Wills [C.]. f. Yg. (V.146; 0.71). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.}. B. Dorsal stripe with dentated borders or replaced by spots, and with a more or less distinct light median line; sides and belly spotted or irregularly lineolated. a. o (V. 156; C. 80). Betsileo. Rey. G. Shaw [C.]. 4. Hgr. (V. 151; C.80). S.W. Madagascar. Mr, Last [C.}. t 2 (V. 150, 152, 159, 154; OC. 81, 81, ?, 88). A. Yg. (V. 164; 0.102). —P Zoological Society. z. Skull of a 173. PSAMMODYNASTES. Psammophis, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. “ae Serp. ii. . 201 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 887 (1854) ; Peters, on, Berl. Ac, 1868, p. 452. Psammodynastes, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 140 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 90 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 292 (1864) ; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 172 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 363 (1890). Maxillary teeth 9 to 11, third or third and fourth much enlarged, fang-like, followed by a short interspace, last enlarged and grooved anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with angular canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with verti- cally elliptic or subelliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal; frontal very narrow. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather short ; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. V Psammodynastes pulverulentus. Psammophis polvewnlente, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 547; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 211, pl. viii. figs. 10 & 11 (1887), and Abbild. pl, xiii. figs. 1-4 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 895 (1854). Dipsas ferruginea, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 53; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii, 1854, p. 298, and xxiv. 1855, p. 715, Psammodynastes pulverulentus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 140 (1858). = —— pulverulentus, Giinth. 1. c, p. 251, Rept. bs it. Ind, p. 292 e, (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1867, p. 168 : Theob. Cat. t. Brit, Ind. . 188 (1876); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 62; Mocquard, ull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 172, pl. iii., and xii. 1888, p. 104; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 363 (1860). Lycodon bairdi, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 90 (1867). Snout short, profile truncate or somewhat turned up in the adult. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to 173, PSAMMODYNASTES, 173 twice and a half as long as broad, much narrower, in the middle, than the supraocular, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal about as long as deep, often transversely divided into two; one or two pre- and two to four postoculars; temporals 243 (rarely 2+ 2); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are followed by two smaller pairs. Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows. Ventrals 146-175; anal entire; subcaudals 44-66. Dark brown or ochraceous above, with or without small darker and lighter spots ; head usually with symmetrical longitudinal markings; a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; usually a dark brown band along each side; lower parts powdered with brown, and with dark brown spots or longitudinal lines. Total length 610 millim. ; tail 130. Eastern Himalayas, Khasi and Assam hills, Burma, Indo-China, Formosa, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a. o (V. 164; C. 64). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagint- weit mae b-d. gf (V. 167,161; C. Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. rie 61) & 2 (Vv. 157; e. 9 iy. 171; C. 60). Assam. Dr. Griffith. iy. CV. 174; C. 59). Assam. Dr. Cantor. (Type of Dipsas ferruginea Py g-h. Hgr. (V. 156; C. Toungyi, S. Shan Lieut, Blakeway (C.]. tee yg. (V. 161; States. : 7. 9 wv 168 ; C. 55). Toungyi, 8S. Shan ¢ E. W. Oates, Esq. States. . 3 (VY. 165, 162; O. ae & yg. (V. 173; C. 64 r, Yg. 8. 2 § (V. 159; 5 6 (V. 160; C. 55). ‘W. 159; ©. 61). . 157; C. 61). V. 149; ©. 64). g (V. 160, 158; V. 166 C. . 59). Lao Mountains. Taiwanfoo, Formosa. Kuita, Perak. Sumatra. Engano. Great Natuna. Barabei, S.E. Borneo. Balabac. Palawan. Placer, Mindanao. N. Mindanao. Dinagat. Albay, S.E. Luzon. Willis Mts., Kediri, Java. [P.]. M. ALouhot C.]. Mr. Holst [C.]. L. Wray, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Modigliani [C.]. thi Everett, Esq. [C. Hr. Grabowsky [C Ot: J.G. Fischer Col- lection. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. A. Everett, Esq. | C.]. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. A. Everett, Esq. |C. |. J. Whitehead, Esq. [C.]. Baron v. Huegel[C.]. 174 COLUBRID. 8. 2 (V. 160; C. 53). Flores. Dr. Bleeker (Psam- i Jloresianus, Blkr.). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.]. . 9 (V. 161; C. 55). i Il of o. 2. Psammodynastes pictus. Psammodynastes aeichcer part., Giinth. Cat. p. 140 aga —— pictus, Giint 251 Fischer, Arch, f. at. 1885, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. hilom. (7) xii. so ps 105; ». dina is Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii, 1890, p. 2 Paameph (Enasanay eR conjunctus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 451. wa pictus, Peters, 1. e. p. 452. Psammodynastes conjunctus, Moeguard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 178, pl. iv. Rather more slender, and tail longer than in the preceding. Internasals as long as broad or longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice and a half to thrice as long as broad; two or three pre- and three or four post- oculars; third lower labial very large, bordering the mental groove behind the small anterior chin-shields.. Scales in 17 rows. Ven- trals 152-169 ; anal entire; subcaudals 60-78. Pale brown, yellowish, or reddish above, anteriorly with dark transverse spots or bars between two light stripes, posteriorly with a dark brown or blackish vertebral band; this band, in some specimens, extending forwards to the head; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye and across the rostral shield ; this streak edged above with a whitish line in the young; all these markings may become quite indistinct in old specimens. Lower parts whitish, more or less finely speckled with brown, with or without scattered black dots. Total length 475 millim. ; tail 90. Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo. 3 (V. 166; Deli, Sumatra, Prof. Moesch [C.]. * ol BB at 5, ¢. Hye 3d Xe 168,163; Sumatra. Sir 8S. Raffles [C.]; Zoologi- cal Society. Borneo. Sir E. Belcher ~~ dr > Sener I-h. 3 (V. 59, 156; C, Telang, S.E. Borneo. Ha: Grabowsky 0-43 Ol- 74, 77) & yg. (V. 157; J. G. Fischer © 0. 60). lection. i-k. 9 (V. 159; C.?)& 8.E. Borneo. iB. (V. 154; C. 65). . (V. 164; 0.76). Sarawak. m. & (V. 164; 0. 63). n. 3 (V. 158; OC, 75). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. Labuan. Ral ah Brooke “sae Dillwyn, 174, MACROPROTODON. 175 174. MACROPROTODON. Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p, 50 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 34 (1858). Macroprotodon, Gutchen. Explor. Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 22 (1850); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. ais 8 s 143. ax Lycognathus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii, 1853, p. 495, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 916 (1854). i Psammophylax, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 309. Maxillary teeth 10 or 11, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth enlarged, followed by an interspace, the two posterior again en- larged and grooved, and situated just behind the eye ; mandibular teeth increasing in size to the sixth, which is fang-like and followed by an interspace, the posterior teeth small. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically subelliptic pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 19 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Spain and North Africa. Maxillary and mandible of Macroprotodon cucullatus. 1. Macroprotodon cucullatus. Coluber cucullatus, I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 148 & 151, - pl. viii. fig. 3. (1827). Coronella levis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 65 (1837). Macroprotodon mauritanicus, Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alg., Rept. p. 22, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1850). Lycognathus cucullatus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 926 (1854) ; Gervais, _ Mém. Ac. Montpell. iii. 1857, p. 511, pl. v. fig. 2. —— teniatus, Dum. § Bibr. l.c. p. 930. textilis, Dum. & Bibr. l.c. p. 931. Coronella cucullata, Giinth. Cat. p. 35 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 55 (1862) ; Schreib. Erp. Eur. p. 296, fig. (1875); Betty. Abh. Senck. Ges, xii. 1880, pp. 874 & 387, and xiii. 1883, p. 96, and in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. 457 (1885). — brevis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 58. —— teniata, Strauch, 1. ¢. p. 57. —— textilis, Strauch, 1. ¢. ‘ Psammophylax cucullatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p- 312, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl.i. figs. 3. & 4 (1866). sae a maroccanus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1882, p. 27. — cucullatus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 143. 176 COLUBRID. Snout broad, much depressed. Rostral at least twice as broad as: deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; one preocular, extending to the upper surface of the head but not reaching the frontal; two postoculars (exceptionally one or three); temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth usually in contact with the parietal; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 to 25 rows. Ventrals 153-192; .anal divided; subcaudals 40-54. Pale brown or greyish above, with small brown spots or with more or less distinct darker and lighter longitudinal streaks ; some large dark-brown or black markings, or a large blotch usually present on the occiput and nape, descending on the sides of the neck ; head and nape sometimes entirely black above ; upper lip whitish, with an oblique blackish streak below the eye; lower parts yellowish or coral-red, uniform or more or less spotted with black, the spots sometimes confluent along the middle of the belly. Total length 550 millim.; tail 90. Southern Spain, Baleares, Lampedusa, North Africa. a-b. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 182; Algeciras, ~ Lieut. Boger [P.]. C. 47) & yg. (Sc. 21; V.171; C50). ce. g (Sc. 23; V. 164; Andalusia. Lord Lilford [P.]. ©. 50). d. 3 (Sc. 21; V.177; Tangier. M. H. Vaucher [C.]. C, 48). é. Her. (Se. 21; V.178; Tangier. C. 50). i:2, baa state (Sc. 23), Island off Coast of Rev.R.T. Lowe [P.]. Mogador, (Type of C. brevis.) g-n. 2 (Se. 25; V.176; — City of Morocco, J. G. Fischer Col- “ay g. (Sc. 23, 23, lection. 23, 21; V. 162, 171, 178, 177, 180,173; ©. 46, 44, 41, 40, 42; 41). 0. 7 (Sc. 21; V. 169; Morocco. C. 49). p- Q (Be. 20; V. 192; Algiers. PP] Sclater, Esq. q: a 19; V.180; Algiers, ef ©. 44). r. gd (Se. 19; V.171; Hammam Meskou- Dr, J. Anderson [P.}, ©. 54). tine, Algeria. &. can 19; V. 172; Algeria. Canon Tristram [C. |. tv. 2 (Se. 21,19; V.165, Tunis, Mr. Fraser [C.]. 176; ©. 50,48) & hgr. (Se. 19; V. 184; C. 51). 175. DRYOPHIS. mae -y. 3 (Se. 19; V.153; Tripoli. Zoological Society. ' ©. 45), 2 (Sc. 19; V. (Sc. 19; V. 169; C. 45). z o (Sc. 19; V. 154; Maryut,Alexandria. Dr. J. Anderson [P.], C. 48). a. Q@ (Sc. 19; V. 165; Between Aboukir ODr,J.Anderson[P.]. C. 42). and Ramleh, near Alexandria. 8. Skull of d. 175. DRYOPHIS, Dryinus (non Fabr.), part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 136 (1820) ; Bell, Zool. Journ. il. 1825, p. 8324; Dum. § Brbr. Erp. Gén, vii. p- 808 (1854). Dryophis, Dalman, Gifvers. of Zool. Arb., Stockholm, 1822 *; Fitzing. N. Class, Rept..p. 29 (1826) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 367 1890). pia Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 160 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 554; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 805 (1864). Dryophis, ba Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 241 (1837); Giinth. Cat. p. 156; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid, p. 88 1863). Pe cimsahis, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. ce. p. 887. Tropidococcyx, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. ¥. H, (8) vi. 1860, p. 428, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 301. : Gephyrinus, Cope, Fao Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii. 1886, p. 492. Maxillary teeth 12 to 15, one or two in the middle much enlarged, fang-like, and followed by an interspace, after which the teeth are very small; one or two posterior grooved fangs, situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth increasing in length to the third or fourth, which is very large, fang-like; the posterior small. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with strong Maxillary and mandible of Dryophis mycterizans. canthus rostralis and concave lores; eye rather large, with hori- zontal pupil; nostril in the posterior part of a single nasal; frontal narrow, more or less bell-shaped. Body much elongate and com-- pressed ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 rows, disposed obliquely, vertebral row slightly enlarged ; ventrals rounded. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows, South-eastern Asia. _ ® T have not been able to refer to this work. VOL, III. N Se ee ee ee a re 178 _ COLUBRIDZ, Synopsis of the Species. I. Snout without dermal appendage. _ A. Ventral shields less than 200. One postocular; no loreal; two labials entering the eye; subcaudals 69-82.. 1. perroteti, p. 178. Two postoculars; one or two loreals; one labial entering the eye ; subcaudals Me LOO +. chtes nea eh) bth saakas ss 2, dispar, p. 179. Two postoculars ; three -or four loreals ; one labial entering the eye; subcaudals BESS TS Gg eee ees «oY GS 3. fronticinctus, p. 179. Two postoculars; two to four loreals; two or three labials entering the eye; subcaudals 115-156 .............. 4. xanthozona, p. 180. B. Ventrals 203-235; subcaudals 158-207. Anal divided (rarely entire) .......... 5. prasinus, p. 180. Anal Cniire (5 iv saFo-skivle «hv Hits pred 6. fasctolatus, p. 182. II. Snout ending in a dermal appendage ; no loreal. Rostral appendage formed entirely by the pombe Css 8. BEE eae 7. mycterizans, p. 182. Rostral appendage covered with small PONIES: BUOYS «6 o's scan cic cupie' st apie 8. pulverulentus, p. 184. 1. Dryophis perroteti. pane ary perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. -D. 899 (1854). at P canariensis, Jerdon, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1855, his tropidococcyx, Giinth. Cat. p. 157 (1858). Drviophis ropid rroteti, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) vi. 1860, p. 428, pl. vii. : figs 5-7, and Rept. Brit. Sun p. 301 (1864), Dryophi sa ia Jan, "Elenco, p. 89 (1863); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1 Ted Bop 452; Jan, Icon. Gén, 33, pl. v. fig, 2 (1869) ; Bouleng. Faun, I: . 8368 (1890). Tragops ah ag 7 0b, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 191 (1876). Snout obtusely pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, not quite twice as long as the eye. No loreal, internasals and prefrontals in contact with the labials ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; one preocular, in contact with the frontal ; one postocular ; temporals 142 or 2+2; eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region keeled. Ventrals 185-147; anal divided; subcaudals 69-82. Bright green above; yellowish or ‘Pale green beneath, with a green lateral line, Total length 560 millim. ; tail 135. North Canara and N ilgherries. 175. DRYOPHIs. 179 . 2 (V. 144; C. 70). Madras Presidency. __T. = Jerdon, Esq. ) b-f. 3 (V. 142, 188, India. Sir J. MacGregor 142, 140, 141; C.79, . [P.}. > 82, 80, 75, 80). ; g-t. 3 (V. 141, 1385; India. Zool. Society. CO. 80, 70) & @ (V. 7 147; ©. 69). (Types of D. tropidococcy:.) k-l. 8 (V. 140, 185; India. C. 77, 76). 2. Dryophis dispar. Tragops dispar, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 303, pl. xxiii. fig. A (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 192 (1876). Dryophis dispar, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 3868 (1890). Snout pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, not quite twice as long as the eye. Internasals or internasals and prefrontals usually in contact with the labials; one or two small loreals ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two suboculars below it; two post- oculars; temporals 242 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 142-156; anal divided; subcaudals 82-106. Bright green or bronzy olive above, the skin between the scales black; pale green or pale olive beneath, with a yellow line on each side. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 200. Hills of Southern India. . a-f. 2 (V. 151,149,151, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. 145, 156; C. 97, 100, (Types.) 97, 97, 105) & her. (V. 158; C. 106). g-r. 2 (V. 142, 150,147; Anamallays, Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 90, 82, 95). k. 3 (V. 157; C. 92). Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [C.]. Z. 3 (V. 158; C. P). High Range, Travan- H.S. Ferguson, Esq. core. [P.]. ; 3. Dryophis fronticinctus. Dryiophis fronticinctus, Giinth. Cat. p. 158 (1858); Bouleng. Faun. any ame. p- 868 (1890) ; W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. » P» 28. Tragops fronticinctus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 304, pl. xxiii. fig. E (1864); Theob. Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 1868, p. 52; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 197; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 192 (1876). —— javanicus (non Steind.), Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (A) i. 1868, p. 424; Theod. 1. ¢. p. 193. Snout pointed and projecting, without dermal appendage, mea- n2 180 COLUBRID. suring about twice the diameter of the eye. Nasals usually forming a suture behind the rostral; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the ‘parietals ; usually two superposed pairs of loreals ; two proculars,, upper usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; tem- porals 242 or 2+3; seven or eight upper labials, fifth or sixth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those on sacral region keeled. Ventrals 183-195 ; anal divided; subcaudals 115-151. Bright green, olive, or bronze- brown above; pale green or olive beneath, with a white or black- and-white lateral streak. Total length 820 millim.; tail 265. Assam, Arrakan, Pegu. ac. 3 (V.190; C. 143) Susy, (Types.) & 2 (V. 188, 192; o heR Gg (W198 W. Theobald, Esq d-g, h-k. 3 (V. 192, 188 Pegu. . Theo t 190, 195; C. 120, 149; : (C.}. 141, 144) & 9 (V. 187, 192, 183; (0.135, ?, 115). 4. Dryophis xanthozona. Dryophis xanthozona, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 545. Dryiophis prasina, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 250, pl. x. figs. 11-13: (1837). Dryinus prasinus, var. A, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 82 Sait Tragops javanicus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 72, pl. iii. fig. 15 (1867).. Snout pointed, feebly projecting, without appendage, nearly twice as long as the eye. Internasals in contact with the rostral ;. frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; a series of three or four small loreals; one preocular,.in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 186-195; anal entire (rarely divided); subcaudals 115-156. Green above; a yellow streak on each side of the belly and a pair of more in- distinct ones in the middle, separated by a purplish streak. Total length 1080 millim.; tail 410, Java, Pinang. a, Hgr. 9 (V.195; 0,115). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]- b. 2 (V. 186; C. 156). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 5. Dryophis prasinus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxiv. (1801). 3 f Dryinus nasutus (non Merr.), Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p 327. 175. DRYOPHIS, 181 wae bie rasinus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 545; Schleg. Abbild. pl. viii. igs, 1- ied: Giinth. Cat. p. 159 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. v. fig. 1 (1869) ; Bouleng. Kaun. Ind., Rept. p. 369 (1890). ar: eee part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 250, pl. x. figs. 9-11 837). Deyians padi part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 81 (1847), Oxybelis fulgidus, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 817 (1854). Tragops prasinus, Dum. & Bibr. t.c. p. 824; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 303 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 185; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191 (1876). —— xanthozonius, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 826. Snout acuminate, projecting, without dermal appendage, rather more than twice as long as the eye. _ Internasals usually in contact with the labials ; one to four small loreals between the prefrontal and the labials ; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little longer than the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3+3, rarely 1+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, usually faintly keeled on sacral region. Ventrals 203-235; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 158-207. Bright green, pale olive, or grey-brown, with a yellow line along each side of the lower parts; interstitial skin of the neck black and white. _ Total length 1790 millim.; tail 600. Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. a. 2 (V.219; C.159). Bengal (?). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. b. 2 (V. 206; C. 165). Salween Valley, Burma. R. . Beavan, Esq. &. 3 (V. 207; C.177). Bassein, Burma. Major Bingham [P.}, ad. 2 (V. 218; C.173). Rangoon. Major Bingham be ; e. 2 (V. 208; C. 176). Pegu. vee ee Sq. J. 2 (V. 218; C. 172). Toungoo. a Oates, Esq. g- 2 (V. 209; C. 158). Mergui. Prof. Oldham [P.]. h. 2 (V. 208; C. 175). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.}. 1,k. 2 (V. 227; C.?) & yg. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}. (V. 227; C. 186). : I. 2 (V. 225; C.166). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. m. 2 (V. 223; C.186). Sumatra. Sir S. Raffles. nm. 2 (V.215; 0.175). — Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.], o. b (V. 229; C. 196). Great Natuna. A. Everett, Esq. |C.1. p. & (V. 220; C. 173). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.}. gq, 7. & (V. 235, 206; Sarawak. Sir H. Low [P.]. C. 180, 165). s. Yg. (V. 229; C.177). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.}. t. Yg.(V. 209; C. 188). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. CC. Hose, Esq. [C.]. u. do (V.228; C.189). Baram R., Sarawak. 0. Hose, re C.]. vw. do (V. 228; C.?). Sibutu Is, A. Everett, Esq. [C.], w. d (V. 218; C. 186). Java. Dr. Horsfield. a. 2 (V. 209;.C.170). Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.]. 182 COLUBRID. y. Yg. (V. 212; C.184). Willis Mts., Kediri, Barony. Huegel(C.]. Java. s. 9 (V. 227; C. 175). Celebes, Leyden Museum. . 3 Ye (V. 216; C.179). Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer B. (V. 296 ; 0.207). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer C)). y,8,€ fo (V. 216, pay ; Philippines. Hi. Guvning, Raa} C. |. ©. 170, 167) & (V. 220; C. 178). ¢. 2 (V. 226; C.172), Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. to a yn. Q (V. 226; 0.195). Zamboanga. A. Everett, Esq. 0. 6. 3g (V. 231; C.195). Zamboanga, H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.” «. Hgr. (V. 212; C.182). CapeEngano,N.Luzon. Whitehead Exped. x. Hgr. (V. 211; 0.174). Ternate. H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ A. 2, skeleton. Java. 6. Dryophis fasciolatus. Tragops fasciolatus, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 66, ple v. his fasciolat, v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 800, Snout Eerie projecting, without appendage, about twice as long as the eye. Internasals in contact with the first or second labial; frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; a series of two or three loreals; one prwocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; "temporals 242 or 3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; ‘four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 221-231; anal entire; subcaudals 185-194. Grey above, spotted with black, the spots forming more or less regular cross-bars anteriorly ; belly with a grey, black-edged band in, the middle and a white streak on each side. Total length 1400 millim. ; tail 500. Borneo, Sumatra, Natuna Islands. a. 9 (V. 221; C. 187). S.E. Borneo. Hr. peste te (CJ J.G her nn aes Bat b-c. Her. (V. 226, 229; Baram R., Sarawak. ©. Hose, Esq ey C. 194, 189). d, Hgr. (V. 231; C.185). Great Natuna. ©. Hose, Esq. [C.}. This fotm should perhaps be regarded as a variety of D. prasinus instead of a distinct species. 7. Dryophis mycterizans. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pis. xii., xiii, (1796). Coluber mycterizans, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. ‘a 28, pl. v. fig. } and pl. xix. ‘oe p. 889; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 9, pl. lxxxi. fig. 1 (1803 —— nasutus, Lacép. Se Ag 100, 277, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1789). Dryinus mycterizans, t. p. 136 ( 150) s 175. DRYOPHIS, 183 Dryinus nasutus, Merr. J. c.; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xxii. fig. 2 (1830); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 809 (1854). —— oxyrhynchus, Bell, Zool. Journ, ii. 1825, p. 326. —— russellianus, Bell, /. c. p. 827. Passerita mycterizans, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 208 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 554; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 305 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1876). Dryophis pavoninus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 545. ——~ nasutus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 246, pl. x. figs. 1-5 (1837) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 32, pl. v. fig. 2 (1869). Dryinus fuscus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 812. Passerita mycterizans, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 160 (1858). fusca, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 554, Dryophis mycterizans, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 370, fig. (1890); W. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 244. Snout pointed, terminating in a dermal appendage which is shorter than the eye and formed entirely by the rostral; the length of the snout, without the appendage, about twice the diameter of the eye or rather more. No loreal; internasals and preefrontals in contact with the labials; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the rostral, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; two preeoculars and a small subocular, or one pra- ocular and two suboculars ; preocular in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 24+2; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 172-203 ; anal divided; subcaudals 140-174. Bright green or pale brownish, the interstitial skin black and white on the anterior part of the body, which appears barred when distended ; a yellow line along each side of the lower surfaces. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 560. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam. a. 2 (V.193; C.149). Allahabad, N.W. Pro- Messrs. v. Schlagin- vinces, tweit OL. b-c. ¢ (V. 184; C. 156) Calcutta. Messrs. v. Schlagin- & 2 (V. 179; C.147). tweit [C.]. d. 3 (V. 189; C. ?). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.]. e-f. 2 (V. 182; C. 150) Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. & yg.(V. 180; 0. 157). g. & (V. 180; C, 159). MelLeetony Bom- Dr. Leith [P.]. y. . h-m. 2 (V. 186; C.?) Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.]. & yg. (V.185,180, 182, 184; C. 164, 164, 150, 165). m-o. do (V. 175, 173; Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. _C. 167, 174). [P.]. e: p. 2 (V.174; C. ?). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. P.}. g. 2 (V. 179; C.145).- Anamallays. od Beddome [(C.]. r. do (V. 176; C. 156), Peermad, Travancore. a: rae Esq. 184 COLUBRID. Sth, v. ous) ke Ceylon. a a Esq. (V. 181, 174; C. 140, 152). Ww, “ii 9 (V. 172,174; Ceylon. . 163, 142) & (V. 181; C. 153). z. ¢ (V. 203; 0.155). Assam (?). Dr. Cantor. a. Yg. (V. 190; C. 144). Rangoon. B. d (V. 200; C. 156). Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. y- d (V.199; 0. 158), Toungyi,8.Shan States, Lieut, Blakeway[C.]. 8. g (V.198; 0.146), Siam, J. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. <, (7. Skulls. Bengal. 8. Dryophis pulverulentus. Dryinus pulverulentus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 812 (1854). Darien niyetetiennn part., Giinth. Cat. “! 160 (1858). Dryophis pulverulentus, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 32, pl. v. fig. 1 (1869) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 371 (1890). Passerita pun urascens, Giinth. t. Brit. Ind, p. 306, pl. xxiii. ; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 194 (1876). Snout pointed, terminating in a dermal appendage which is longer than the eye, formed below by the rostral and covered above with numerous small scales or warts; the length of the snout, without the appendage, more than twice the diameter of the eye. Nasals in contact behind the rostral appendage, or narrowly separated ; no loreal; internasals and prefrontals in contact with the labials ; frontal as long as its distance from the nasals, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; two preoculars, with one subocular below them ; upper preocular in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 24+2 or 243; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-191 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 154-173. Greyish, powdered with brown, with blackish transverse spots above ; a dark brown rhomboidal spot on the upper surface of the head, and a brown band on each side, passing through the eye. Total length 1730 millim.; tail 710. Ceylon and Southern India. a, b, c. 9 (V. 182, 180, Ceylon. (Types of P. pur- 190 ; C. 164, 154, 152), purascens.) d,e. 2 (V.191; 0.172) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. & hgr. (V. 182; 0.169). Skull. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [0.). 176, THELOTORNIS. Thelotornis, Smith, Ill. Zool, 8. Afr., Rept., App. p. 19 (1849). Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 131 (1882). Oxybelis, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii, p. 818 (1854). eo 176. THELOTORNIS. ; 185 Dryiophis, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 155 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 88 (1863). ; Cladophis, ei Dum. Arch, Mus, x. 1859, p. 204. Maxillary teeth 16 or 17, gradually increasing in length, followed, after a short interspace, by two or three enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head distinct from neck, with strong canthus rostralis; eye large, with horizontal pupil ; nasal entire. Body cylindrical, very slender; scales narrow, very oblique, feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Taillong; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. In this genus, as in the following, the ectopterygoid bone is forked, the two branches articulating with the maxillary (see fig. 14, p. 187), a structure not found in any other type of Snakes. Thelotornis and Dispholidus further agree in having the brain-case widely open in front, as in Celopeltis, Dromophis, Taphrometopon, Psummophis, and Dryophis. 1. Thelotornis kirtlandii. Leptophis kirtlandii, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1844, p. 62, and 854, p. 100. Thelotornis capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 19 (1849); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 235. Oxybelis lecomtei, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 821 (1854). Tragops rufulus, Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 827. Oxybelis kirtlandii, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 59. A Cnet Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 91, pl. ii. Drfoplis kirtlandii, Giinth. Cat. p. 156 (1858), and Ann. §& Mag. N. H, (8) xi. 1868, p. 22; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p. 65 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 32, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1869); Bocage, Herp. Angola, p-. 119 (1895). pace kirtlandii, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 204, pl. xvii. Deviopuis oatesii, Giinth. m Oates, Matabeleland, p. 330, pl. D (1881). Thelotornis kirtlandii, Peters, Reise n. Mossamé, iii. p. 181, pl. xix. fig. 2 (1882). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad, nearly as long as the preefrontals, sometimes reaching the labials between the nasal and the loreal; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals, which are followed by a pair of large occipitals separated by a smaller shield; one, two, or three loreals; one pre- ocular, not reaching the frontal; three postoculars ; temporals 1 +-2 (rarely 1+1); eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; three to five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 147-181; ‘anal divided; subcaudals 117-170. Greyish or pinkish brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct darker and lighter 186 COLUBRID. spots and cross-bands; head green above, with or without some patches of pinkish speckled with black and a pinkish black-dotted streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip cream-colour, or pink, uniform or spotted with black; one or several black blotches on each side of the neck; greyish or ’ pinkish beneath, speckled or striated with brown. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 400. Tropical and South Africa. A, Head uniform green above and on the sides; black blotches usually forming cross-bands on the neck. (JL. kirtlandii, Hallow. ; O. lecomtei, D. & B.; O. violacea, Fisch.) a. 2 (V. 174; ©. 139). Sierra Leone, b. 9 (V. 161; C. ?). ae Bippo, Wassau, G. A. Higlett, Esq. old Coast. bel e. d (V. 168; C. 150). Fantee. d. 3 ~ 165 ; C. 139). Ashantee. e. 2 (V. 181; C. 146) Oil River. 6 Py H. Johnston g (V. 170, 168; Gaboon. h. 2 aE 177; ©. 160). Eloby district,Gaboon. H. Ansell, i eat Bg t. ¢ (V.175; C.170). Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. Duggan k. 2 (V. 165; C. 137). Taveta, E. Africa, oe a a i. Skull. Cameroons. UPd B. Head with black dots above and on the sides; no cross-bands on the neck. (7’. capensis, Smith; D. oatesii, Gthr.) a. Hgr., bad state. Victoria Nyanza. Dr, Emin Pasha [C.]. b. aye 159; C.?). | Mpwapwa, E. Africa. Ma 155; C. 137). Mandala, Brit.C.Africa. Scott Elliot, Esq.[P.]. i. 155; c. ihe L. Nyassa. Universities Mission. e. af (V. 147; L. Nyassa. m1, Mace M. ere rap a iehiia [P.], Is fsa 3 (V. 161, 151, Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. Sir H. Johnston O. 136, 124, 117) [P.]. & 9 (V. 163, 152; C. 118, 124). lm. g (V. 163; 0.146) Milangi, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston & hgr. (V. Jas; ©, 124), ee n. 2 (V. 161; C. ?). Matabele-land. C. G.Oates, Esq. ERs (Type of D. oatesii 177. DISPHOLIDUS. Bucephalus (non Baer), Smith, Zool. ages iv. 1829, p. 441; Dum. & Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 875 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. ol, Sn. p. 148 C368), Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. . ’86 (1863); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p- 182 (1882). Dispholidus, Duvernoy, Ann. Se. Nat, xxvi. 1832, Dendrophis, part., Sc leg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (bir). Maxillary short, widening behind, where it articulates with the 177. DISPHOLIDUS. 187 forked ectopterygoid ; teeth small, 7 or 8, followed by three very large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye very large, with round pupil; nasal entire. Body slightly compressed ; scales very narrow, oblique, more or less strongly keeled, with apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. u5 Skull of Dispholidus typus. 1. Dispholidus typus. Bucephalus typus, Smith, Zool. Journ. iv. 1829, p. 441; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 877 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 32, pl. iv. (1869) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 1382 (1882). jardinii, Smith, 1. c. p. 442. — gutturalis, Smith, 1. c. — bellii, Smith, 1. ¢. Dispholidus lalandii, Duvernoy, Ann. Sc. Nat. xxvi. 1832, p. 150, and xxx. 1833, p. 24, pl. iii. ot colubrina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 238, pl. ix. figs. 14-16 (1887). Bucephalus capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pls. x.—xiii. (1841) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 143 (1858) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges, xii. 1881, p. 397. : viridis, Smith, 1. c. pl.iii, Dendrophis pseudodipsas, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 40, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1849). 188 COLUBRID. Snout short, not much longer than the eye. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular (rarely divided), not reaching the frontal; three postoculars; temporals 142; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are smaller than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 164-201; anal divided; subcaudals 91-131. Coloration very variable. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 380. Tropical and South Africa. A. Brown above, upper lip and lower parts yellowish or greyish ; young with darker and lighter spots, and the belly speckled with brown. (B. typus, Smith.) a. A ‘i 19; V. 191; Port Natal. Rev. H. Calloway ba Ma Tes . go (Sc. 19; Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. V. 185; 0. 117), yee [1] (Se. 19; V.192; C. 120), & ve. (Se. 19; V.171; C. 115). e. ak (Se. 21; V. 187; Natal. J. H. Gurney, Esq. 117 ake f. ak (Be. 21; V.169; S. Africa, Chatham Mus. ¥. 116). g: LAS (Se. 19; V.176; Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. h, ok (Bo. 19; V.180; Zomba, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston 23 > , [P.}. t, d (head and tail only). Between the E, Coast Capt. Speke [P.]. and Unyamwezi. ae. (Sc. 19; V:183; Mpwapwa, interior of | ls ee E. Africa. 1, Her. (Sc. 21; V. 188; Anseba Valley, Abys- W. T. Blanford, Esq. C, 98). sinia. Pk B. Olive-brown above, yellowish beneath, scales and shields edged with blackish. (B. jardinii, Smith.) a. 3 (Se. 19; V. 179; Africa. Mr. Argent [C.]. C. 112). 3 ©. Green above, uniform or scales narrowly edged with black. (B. viridis, Smith.) a. ae bbe 19; V. 164; Barberton, Transvaal. 8. African Mus. [P.]. b. 2 “ee 19; V. 182; Mpwapwa, E, Africa. ha g (Se. 19; V. 185; Ugogo, E. Africa. Mr. Baxter [C.]. . 125). 178. oxYBELIS. 189 d. 9 (Se. 19; V. 184; Africa. C. 102). D. Green or olive above, all the scales and shields edged with black ; head often much spotted with black. a. 3 (Sc. 19; V. 183; Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. [P.]. C.1 2 ( 19; V. 190; Natal. Mr. T, Ayres [C.]. C. 131 c. Hgr. + 1Se. 19; V, 182; W. Africa. C. 107), d. Skeleton. E. Black above, each scale with a yellowish or greenish spot; head spotted or marked with black; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish, edged with black. (B. bellii, Smith.) a. < (Sc. 21; V. 176; ‘Port Elizabeth. Mr. Drege [P.]. . 110 b-c. § (Sc. 19,21; V. 185, Africa. Haslar Collection. 180; C. 108, 113). - d. 3 (Sc. 19; V. 186; Africa. C. P). F. Uniform black above, blackish grey beneath. a. & (Se. 21; V. 179; Ushambola, Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. C. 125). 178. OXYBELIS. Dryinus, part., Bell, Zool. Journ. ii. 1825, p. 324. Dryophis, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 241 (1837) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 155 (1858). Oxybelis, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 183 (1880) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p- 88 (1863). Dryophis, Wagl. 1. ¢. Oxybelis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 813 (1854). Maxillary teeth 20 to 25, subequal, the last three to five a little enlarged and grooved on the outer side; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with distinct Maxillary and mandible of Oxybelis fulgidus, canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided; loreal usually absent; frontal narrow. Body slender, compressed ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with apical 190 COLUBRID. pits, more or less oblique, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long ; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Snout not thrice as long as the eye ; anal entire. Scales in 15 rows; two labials entering aC MOE DETERS oe 1. brevirostris, p. 190. Scales in 17 rows; a single labial bordering The OYO 00. sce svedee cence dewases 2. argenteus, p. 190. II. Snout thrice as long as the eye; anal divided. Dorsal scales keeled ; green above ...... 3. fulgidus, p. 191. Scales smooth or faintly keeled ........ 4. acuminatus, p. 192. 1. Oxybelis brevirostris. yi mg brevirostris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, 555, and ourn. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 132, pl. xxvi. fig. 2. Oxybelis cerulescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863), Snout once and a half as long as the snout, which scarcely projects beyond the lower jaw. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals nearly as long as the pre- frontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, narrower than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with two labials; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; one or two postoculars ; tem- porals very large, 1+ 2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 15 rows. Ventrals 167-183; anal entire ; subcaudals 170-174. Olive or purplish above, pale green beneath ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye. Total length 925 millim.; tail 385. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador. a. 3 (V. 183; 0.174), Chontalez, Nicaragua, R.A. Rix, Esq. [C.]; ) i W. M. Cnet foay b. d (V. 167; 0.172). Pallatanga, Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley [C. ms Bua y [C.]. 2. Oxybelis argenteus. Coluber argenteus, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 386 (18038). _ ax apt Merr. ae p- oe (1820). ryiophis argentea, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 258, pl. x. figs. 14 &15 (1887) . Giinth. Cat. p. 155 (1858). Ee eee Oxybelis argenteus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 815 (lee Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 73 (1867) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1869). 178. oxYBELIs, 191 Snout rather more than twice as long as the eye. Rostral much broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice to twice and a half as long as broad, not broader than the supraocular, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or the parietals ; loreal elongate, often fused with the prefrontal; one -preocular, widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 189-207; anal entire; subcaudals 150-188. Pale greyish brown or purplish above, with three darker longitudinal streaks, the outer of which extend to the end of the snout, passing through the eyes; upper lip whitish; throat bluish grey, dotted with black; yellowish beneath, with two olive-green stripes and a narrow median line of the same colour. Total length 1060 millim. ; tail 410. Guianas, Brazil, Eastern Peru. a. 9 (V. 198; C. 156), Cayenne. 6. & (V. 206; C. 150). Pebas, UpperAmazons. H. W. Bates, Esq. 1 aie @. 3 (V. 204; C: 185). Yurimaguas, N.E. Peru. 3. Oxybelis fulgidus. Natrix flagelliformis, part., Zawr. Syn. Rept. p. 79 (1768). Coluber fulgidus, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 352, pl. Ixxx. (1803). Dryophis fulgidus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 60 (1826); Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 546; Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. x. (1829); Giinth. Cat. p. 158 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 555 ; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 178 (1895). Dryiophis catesbyi, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 252, pl. x. figs. 6-8 (1837), and Abbild, p. 114, pl. xxxvi. (1844). Oxy belis ah fea part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 817 (1854). —— flagelliformis, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 78 (1867). —— fulgidus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 33, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1869). Snout about thrice as long as the eye, flat at the end and very ‘prominent. Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, not broader than the supra- ocular, as long as or a little longer than the preefrontals, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with two or three labials; one prexocular, narrowly sepa- rated from the frontal; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals very large, 1+2; nine or ten upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, dorsals feebly keeled. Ventrals 198-217 ; anal divided; subcaudals 139-165. Bright green above, 192 COLUBRID. yellowish green beneath and on the upper lip; a yellowish-white line along each side of the belly and tail. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 510. Tropical America. a. do (V. 205; C. 165). Yucatan. b. 2 (V. 217; C.?P). British Honduras. e. do (V. 214; 0.151). Panama. Capt. J. C. Dow [P.]. d. 2 (V. 205; 0.157). Para. e. 9 (V. 206; C.156). Caballo Cocha, N.E. Mr. W.. Davis [C.]; (V. 200; 0. 189) pets Messrs, Veitch| P. }. J 3 skeleton. Para 4. Oxybelis acuminatus. Coluber acuminatus, Wied, Abbild. Nat. Bras. (1822), and Beitr. i. p. 322 (1825). Dryinus seneus, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. B 12, pl. iii. (1824). auratus, Bell, Zool. Journ, ii. 1825, p. 325, pl. xii. me aN aurata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 255, pl. x. figs. 16-18 1837). Oxybelis wneus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 819 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. , pl. iv. fig. 2 (1869), Dryophis vittatus, Girard, U.S. Nav. Astron. Exped., Rept. p. 211, pl. xxxvi. (1855). Dryiophis acuminata, Giinth. Cat. pp. 156 & 252 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 555; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1889, p. 314; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 177 (1895). Oxybelis acuminatus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 72 (1867). Dryiophis zneus, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 284. Snout thrice to thrice and a half as long as the eye, prominent, Rostral nearly as deep as broad or broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to thrice as long as broad, not broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than the pre- frontals, as long as or shorter than the parietals; no loreal, pre- frontal in contact with two or three labials; one preocular, in contact with or separated from the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars; temporals very large, 14+2; eight or nine (rarely ten) upper labials, fourth and fifth, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows *. Ventrals 174-203; anal divided; subcaudals 150-188. Bronzy, greyish, or reddish above, uniform or freckled with brown, usually with scattered black dots, or with black edges to some of the scales ; a black line on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; upper lip and lower surface of head yellowish white; yellowish, pale brownish, or reddish beneath, speckled or streaked with brown, * Garman mentions a specimen from Trinidad with 15 rows. 179. DRYOPHIOPS. 193 often with scattered black dots, sometimes with two dark brown longitudinal lines. Total length 1520 millim. ; tail 620, Tropical America. a-e. 3 (V. 190, 184; Presidio, near Mazatlan, Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. C. 165, ?) & 2(V.179, 190, 180; C.?, 160, 157). ff. Q (V. 194; C. 185). Tres Marias Ids, Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. g. 2 (V. 190; C. 183). Tetepetla, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith C.]; F.D.Godman, sq. | P.}. h-k. 8 (V. 174, 176, Santo Domingo de Guz- Dr. A. hi Buller [C.]. 179 ; C. 160, 169, ?). man, Oaxaca. l. 2 (V. 187; C. 168). Sarabia, Oaxaca. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. m-n. 3 (V.183; 0.162) Yucatan. & 9(V.192; C. 187). o. 2 (V. 187; C.168). Rio Motagua, Guate- O, Salvin, Esq. [C.]. mala. rt. © (V. 189, 192; Honduras. . 150, 173). r-x. 6 (V. 191, 189, RuatanId., Honduras. Mr. Gaumer [C.]; 188, 185; C. 188,180, F. D. Godman, 188,170) & 9(V.194, Esq. [P.]. ay 186; C. 182, 180, ). y-a. 3 (V. 193, 188; Bonacca Id. Honduras. Mr. Gaumer [C.]; C. 184, 176) & 9 F. D. Godman, (V. 194; C. 180). Esq. [ P.] B. d (V. 187; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Jeri- Dr. &. Rothschuh - cho, Nicaragua, 3250 [C.]. feet. y. d (V. 179; C. 173). Irazu, Costa Rica. Mr. Rogers [C.]; F.. : tp po ne Esq. 8. Hgr. (V.178; 0.2). Guayaquil. Mr, Fraser [C.]. e. d (V. 184; C. 168). Carthagena, ¢. d (V. 175; C.?). Venezuela, Mr. Dyson [C.]. n-6. 2 (V. 188,192; Para. R. Graham, Esq. C. P, 172). uae F tw 2 (V. 182; C.171). Pernambuco. . A. Forbes, Esq. x. d (V.186; 0.150). Bahia. BO Wucherer 179. DRYOPHIOPS. Chrysopelea, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 88 (1858), and Rept.. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864). Dryophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 88 (1863). Maxillary teeth 20, subequal, the last two or three a little enlarged and grooved ; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis; eye rather large, with horizontal pupil; nasal entire; frontal narrow, VoL, III. i) 194 COLUBRID2. bell-shaped. Body slender, compressed ; scales smooth, oblique, with apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals with suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows, keeled and notched like the ventrals. South-eastern Asia. 1. Dryophiops rubescens. Dipsas rubescens, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. Ixxxiv. fig. 2 (1834). Be rubescens, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855, P- Chrysopelea rubescens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858), and Rept. Brit Ind. p. 209 (1864), EE: Dryophis rubescens, Jan, Elenco, p. 88 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 32, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1869). Once rubescens, Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, P Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much elon- gate; one preocular, forming a suture with the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 24+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 188-199; anal divided; subecaudals 111-136. Bronzy or reddish brown above, with small black spots; upper surface of head with undulous longitudinal markings ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a median dark streak on the occiput and neck; labials with a few small black spots; lower parts yellow in front, reddish behind, dotted with darker, with or without scattered small black spots. Total length 750 millim. ; tail 210. Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Natuna Islands. a. 2 (V. 189; C.115). Malay Peninsula? Gen. mee Gy (Type. b. 9* (V. 192; C.?). Malay Peninsula? adn Hepiwicke oh ce. d (V.192; ©C.119). Sumatra. ‘Dr. Bleeker. ( drophis sumatra- nus, Blkr.) d-e. § (V.191;0.125) Sarawak, Sir H. Low bp 4 & 2 Ay 199; 50, 112). Ft. 2 (V. 188; C.118). Sandakan, N. Borneo. eas Cator, Esq. g. 2 (V.191; 0.111), Sirhassen, NatunaIds, A. Everett, Esq. [0.]. s The « specimen contains a Draco melanopogon, Blgr., which species was first described from Malacca, and has since been found in the Natuna Islands and North Borneo, 180. cHRYSOPELEA, 195 2. Dryophiops philippina. (Pxrare IX. fig. 2.) Chrysopelea rubescens, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858), and Rept. rit. Ind. p. 299 (1864). Agrees in structure with the preceding, except that the loreal is absent, and the preocular only just touches or is narrowly separated from the frontal. Ventrals 177-184; subcaudals 118-123. Pale olive or pale brown above, some of the scales black-edged, yellow or pale olive beneath, dotted with darker ; some large black dots on the head and neck; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye. Total length 750 millim.; tail 250. Philippine Islands. a. 3 (V.177; C. 123). Cape Engano, N. Luzon. Whitehead tie b, c 2 (V. 184, 182; Philippines. H. Cuming, Hsq. ©. 121, 118). [C.]. 180. CHRYSOPELEA. Chrysopelea, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 188 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1040 (1854); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 371 (1890). Tyria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Dendrophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 220 (1837). Chrysopelea, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 145 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 86 (1863); Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 298 (1864). Maxillary teeth 20 to 22, subequal, the last three a little longer and grooved; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil. Body elongate, compressed ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, oblique, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals with suture-like lateral keel and a notch on each side corresponding to the keel. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows, keeled and notched like the ventrals. South-eastern Asia. Synopsis of the Species. Three or more rows of dorsal scales feebly but distinctly keeled ; ventrals 202-221. 1. rhodoplewron, p.195. Scales smooth or faintly keeled; ventrals EPS. 5 ts oom ha ihe wien se oe ts 2. ornata, p. 196. Scales smooth ; ventrals 181-198 ...... 3. chrysochlora, p. 198. 1. Chrysopelea rhodopleuron. Chrysopelea rhodopleuron, Boe, Isis, 1827, p- 547; Dum. §& Bibr. vil. p. 1045 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 145 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén.: i; a, pl. it fig. Pe i ‘ endrophis rhodopleuron, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 233, pl. xi. figs. lis (1837). : Raa es aa Man, Chrysopelea vicina, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 27, —— viridis, Fischer, Arch. f, Nat. 1880, p. 222, pl. ix. figs. 18-17, 02 196 COLUBRID. Snout much depressed, squarely truncate. Rostral broader tham deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal much elongate ; one preocular, in contact with or separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, three or more median rows feebly but distinctly keeled. Ventrals 202-221 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 146-180. Pale olive-brown or greenish to blackish above ; a darker streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip whitish; ventrals yellowish or pale nish. _ Total length 1160 millim.; tail 380. Moluccas, Sangir Island, Ceram, Tenimber Islands. A. Dark brown or blackish above, the scales lighter in the centre ; outer row of scales red, black-edged ; ends of ventrals above the keel red; a black streak along the lower surface of the tail. (C. rhodopleuron, Boie.) a. 2 (V. 218; CO. 167). Amboyna, Leyden Museum. b-c. g¢ (V. 203; C. 164) Mysol. Q (V. 205; C. ?) & . > bids d. 9 V. 218; 0.155). —_—N. Ceram. e. do (V. 204; C. 173). Timor Laut. H., O. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. B. Uniform olive above, yellow beneath. (C. vicina, Gthr.) a. 2 (V. 221; C. 146). Mysol. (Type of C. vicina.) 2. Chrysopelea ornata. Seba, Thes. i. pl. xciv. fig. 7 (1784), and ii, pl. vii. fig. 1, pl. lvi. fig. 1 3B) ii. ph ii’ (1801). >” rysopelea ornata, Boie, Isis, 1827, P. 546; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. P. 1042 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén, 33, pl. i. fig. 1 (1869); Stoliczka, ourn, As. Soc. Beng. xxxix, 1870, p. 194; Theob. Cat. . Brit. Chrysopelea —— part., Giinth. Cat. p. 146 (1858), and Rept. Brit. ). — ru ns, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 299. 180. cHRYSOPELEA, 197 Snout mucn depressed, squarely truncate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals nearly as long as the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal small and elongate (rarely fused with the preefrontal) ; one praocular, often in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 242; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 200-238, last usually divided; anal divided ; subcaudals 106-138. Coloration very variable ; head black with yellow cross-bars and spots. Total length 1120 millim.; tail 310. Ceylon, Hills of Southern India, Bengal, Assam, Burma, Southern ‘China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. Black above, each scale with a round greenish-yellow spot; usually with larger coral-red spots on the back, resembling a series of tetrapetalous flowers ; ventrals greenish yellow, edged with black. a & (V. 221; C.135). Anamallays,S. India. Col. Beddome [C.], b,c. 3 (V. 215; C.182) Pinang. Dr. Cantor. & 2 (V. 236 ; C.135). d. 3 (V. 238; C.?). ir Malay Penin- BP Mitchell, Esq. sula. he é. bo (V.228; C.130). Singapore. De, Detays [P.]. Ff. @ (V. 218; C.124). Sumatra. g. 2 (V. 221; C.132). Borneo. ' Sir E. Belcher [P.]. B. Like the preceding, but ventrals not black-edged. a. Q (V. 222; C. 124). Malabar. Dr. Packmann [P.]. b. 6 (V. 218; C.106). Batavia. ec, Hgr. g (V. 204; Tawi-Tawi, Sooloo Is, 208 COLUBRID. a-f. & (V. 128; C.?), Mexico. M. Sallé [C.}. 2 (V. 129, 154, 129, 128; C. 69, ?, 67,71), (Types.) & yg. (V. 135; C. 69). 4 WV. 181; C. 64). Mexico. he Bane 119, 118; Teapa, Tabasco. F, D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. k. Yg. WV. 124; C.P). Orizaba. 1. Hgr. (V.121; C.89). Tehuantepec. m-n. 9 (V. 121, 119; Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.}. C. 77, 70). . o (V. 117; 0. ?) Pacific Coast of O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. "ah 2 wv. 126;C.81). Guatemala. i a q-t. ¢ (V. 121; C.?) Hacienda Rosade Dr. Rothschuh [C.]. & 92 (V. 128, 130, Jericho, Nicara- 129; C. 67, 70, ?). gua, 3250 ft. u. Q (V. 129; C.73). Matagalpa, Nicara- Dr, Rothschuh (C.). 2 ( gua, 8. Erythrolamprus bipunctatus. Coronella bipunctata, Giinth. Cat. p. 86 (1858), and Zool. Rec. 1866, 126 Pitasdeyronhin pictus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 304, and Icon. Gén. 18, pl. v. fig. 4 (1866). Coniophanes bipunctatus, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1866, p. 128, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 187 ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 653, pl. xl. fig. 8 (1886). Tachymenis bipunctata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 63 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 161 (1895). a Fae a bipunctatus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 7, p. 77. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals not more than half as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the ietals ; loreal as long as deep; one preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 185-142; anal divided; subcaudals 85-94. Brown or reddish above, with a more or less distinct darker verte- bral line and a dark lateral streak; some white, black-edged dots on the head ; lips white, spotted or marbled with blackish; a white, black-edged line from the eye to the angle of the mouth through the three last upper labials ; belly and lower surface of tail whitish (red ?), with two regular series of round black spots or ocelli; a brown dot on the outer end of each ventral shield. Total length 550 millim, ; tail 190, Honduras. 182. HYDROCALAMUS. 209 a. Hgr. (V. 140; 0.94). Belize. F. D. Godman, Es dt} b-d. ¢ (V.137; C.91), Stann Creek, Brit. Rev. J. Paleraon | eh 2 (Vv. 142; C.P), & Honduras. her. (V. 139; C. 85). e. Her. ¢ (V. 1385; ——P?P (Type.) C. 93). 9. Erythrolamprus piceivittis. Sag: tiny, piceivittis, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xi, 1869, p. 149; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 656, pl. xli. fig. 2 (1886). ; Tachymenis teeniata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 876. piceivittis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 20, and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 160 (1895). Erythrolamprus piceivittis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 77. Snout moderate, rather strongly depressed, rounded. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 1+ 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 158- 169; anal divided; subcaudals 82-93. Dark brown above, with two whitish longitudinal streaks which extend to the canthi rostrales ; these streaks may be interrupted on the occiput; upper lip and sides brownish white; lower parts uniform white. Total length 520 millim.; tail 150. Mexico. a. 3 (V. 162; CO. 91). Yucatan, b. 2 (V. 164; C. 93). Mexico. 182. HYDROCALAMUS. Homalopsis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 967 (1854). Hydrocalamus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 176; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 811 (1895). Maxillary teeth 12, gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved fangs situated behind the vertical of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nasal entire or semidivided. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 21 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Central America, VOL, III. P _—.> _ — - _ ir Hs Ni Reel 210 COLUBRID”, 1. Hydrocalamus quinquevittatus. Homalopsis quinquevittatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 975 (1854), Calopisma quinquevittatum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 244, and Icon, Gén, 30, pl. ii. (1868). Hydrops lubricus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 217. quinquevittatus, Garm. N. Am, Rept. p. 36 (1883). Hydrocalamus quinquevittatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 176; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 164 (1895) ; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 811, pls. lv. fig. 6 & Ix. fig. 3 (1895), Head much depressed; snout short, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals narrowed in front, a little longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as broad as the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal, if present, longer than deep ; one prae- and two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 151-164; anal divided; subcaudals 65-71. Dark brown or blackish, with two pale brown longitudinal bands, or brown with a black lateral band; outer row of scales and a portion of the second white; lips white, each shield with a round black spot; ventral shields white, each with two transversely oval black spots forming two regular longi- tudinal series; on the posterior half of the tail the spots unite to form a zigzag line. : Total length 710 millim. ; tail 160. Mexico and Guatemala. a. 2 (V. 164; C. 68). Mexico. Christiania Museum. 183. SCOLECOPHIS. Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Homalocranium, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 855 (1854). Scolecophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 259, and 1861, p. 74; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 577 ( 1883). Platycranion, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 40 (1863). Procinura, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 262. Maxillary teeth 13 to 15, small, equal, followed by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Central America. This genus connects Erythrolamprus with Homalocranium, bein distinguished from the former by its smaller eye and shorter grooved teeth and from the latter by the presence of a loreal. ie 183, SCOLECOPHIS. 211 Synopsis of the Species. Scales smooth; nostril between two : nasals; ventrals 181-198 ........ 1. atrocinctus, p. 211. Scales smooth; nasal single; ventrals 152-170... .. 5:4 sie e+ Sinem tas 2. michoacanensis, p. 211. Posterior dorsal and caudal scales keeled ; nostril between two nasals ; ventrals 148... .....-. a adn; Sets 3. emulus, p. 212. 1. Scolecophis atrocinctus. Calamaria atrocincta, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 47 (1837). Homalocranium atrocinctum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 864 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. ii. fg. 7 (1866). Elaps zonatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1855, p. 35. Scolecophis atrocinctus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 259; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 577, pl. xxxvii. fig. 2 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 156 (1895). zonatus, Cope, J. ¢. Eye not quite half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 15; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 181-198; anal divided; subcaudals. 45-54. Annulate black and yellow, the black annuli broader than the yellow ones; head black above, with a yellow cross-bar on the snout, and a yellow spot behind the eye. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 47. Guatemala. a-c. § (V.181; C.47) Duefias, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. & 9 (V. 198, 188; C. 45, 50). d, Yg.(V. 193; C.47), —P Dr. Giinther [P.], 2. Scolecophis michoacanensis. Po eae Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 178. Homalocranium michoacanense, Giinth. Biol. C:-Am., Rept. p. 150, pl. xxxvi. figs. B & C (1895). Elapomorphus michoacanensis, Cope, Trans, Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 218. Eye nearly half as long as the snout. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the P2 oe. a t= 212 COLUBRID. prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire ; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ;. temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals. 152-170 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 37-45, Red above, with pairs of black cross-bars enclosing yellow ones ; a large black spot on the head, behind the snout; lower parts whitish. Total length 285 millim.; tail 55. Mexico. a-b. 5d (V. 166; ©. 45) Mezquital del Oro, Dr. A. OC. Buller [C.].. & 2 (V. 170; C. 42). 3. Scolecophis emulus. Procinura seemula, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xviii. 1879, p. 262. Rostral visible from above; frontal broad, acutely pointed behind ; parietals short ; nostril between two nasals; loreal quad- rangular ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin- shields much longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, keeled. on the posterior dorsal region; caudal scales keeled, tubercular. Ventrals 148 ; anal divided; subcaudals 41. Body encircled with black annuli, which are broadly bordered with yellow and separated by red interspaces of twice their width ; the red scales with a central. black spot; a large black spot covering the frontal, parietal, and supraocular shields. Total length 364 millim. ; tail 61. Southern Chihuahua, Mexico. 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). Cleelia, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 187 (1830). Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys; Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Homalocranium, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se, xxiii. 1853, Pp. 18 (1858), Gén. vii. p. 855 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. Tantilla, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 181 (1853) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 597. Lioninia, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Phitad. 1860, p. 484, Homalocranium, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat, Phys. ii. 1862, p. 50;. Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 778 (1883). Microdromus, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 17. Pogonaspis, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1894, p. 204. Maxillary teeth small, equal, 12 to 14, followed by a pair of feebly-enlarged grooved teeth, situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, not or but slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; no loreal 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. ° 213 shield. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows. Southern North America; Central America; Tropical South America. Synopsis of the Species. I, Frontal not more than twice as broad as the posterior border of the supraocular; seven upper labials; two postoculars. A. Frontal hexagonal. 1. Ventrals 120 or more. a. Two pairs of chin-shields. a. Rostral much broader than deep ; frontal considerably longer than broad. * Eye about half as long as the snout. t+ Frontal not more than once and a half as long as broad; subcaudals 46-71. First lower labial usually in contact with its fellow; seven upper labials ; [p. 215. body uniform or with dark stripes .. 1. melanocephalum, First lower labial in contact with its fellow ; seven upper labials; body with dark transverse spots or bars .. 2, annulatum, p. 217. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; eight upper labials ; body | with three light stripes............ 3. trilineatum, p. 217. Tt Frontal twice as long as broad; subcaudals 85. 4. longifrontale, p. 218. ** Hye not half as long as the snout. tT Posterior nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular. Ventrals 138-158 ; subcaudals 40-58.. 5. coronatum, p. 218. Ventrals 149-179; subcaudals 59-70.. 6. rubrum, p. 219. tt Posterior nasal very small and widely separated from the preocular.. 7. semicinctwm, p. 219. 6. Rostral a little broader than deep. * First lower labial broadly in contact with its fellow ; eye not half as long as the snout. Frontal considerably longer than broad. 8. fuscum, p. 220. Frontal scarcely longer than broad .... 9. boulengeri, p. 221. ** First lower labial separated from or narrowly in contact with its fellow. tT Eye not half as long as the snout; ventrals 121- 135; subcaudals 32-38. 10. schistosum, p. 221. eet ctineseniiiiesethien siete i 214 COLUBRID. tt Eye about half as long as the snout; ventrals: 147-175; subcaudals 55-65. . Nostril much nearer the internasal than ES ere 12. miniatum, p. 222. Nostril not nearer the internasal than the first labial 2... .6j.2. ovenssens 13. virgatum, p. 223. b. A single pair of chin-shields.. 14. rujficeps, p, 223. Bs Veetrale 210. 5.2 sa sis esis 11. canula, p. 222. B. Frontal pentagonal, or very slightly angulate in front. Anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior and separated from the symphysial . . ...1): ih Few o's 15. bocourti, p. 224. Anterior chin-shields longer than the posterior and in contact with the GYM YOIAL 5 oe esis hin wins oman: h.n > 9. 6 16. reticulatum, p. 224. II. Frontal more than twice as broad as the posterior border of the supraocular. A. Rostral small, scarcely visible from above; seven upper labials ; two postoculars ...... 17. mestum, p. 225, B. Rostral large, well visible from above. "1. Seven upper labials. ° Q@. Anal enti. «is asses os 18. vermiforme, p. 225. b, Anal divided. Frontal scarcely longer than broad ; upper portion of rostral about half as long as its distance from the frontal ........ 19. breve, p. 225. Frontal considerably longer than broad ; upper portion of rostral about half as long as its distance from the frontal.. 20. atriceps, p. 226. Upper portion of rostral about two thirds as long as its distance from the | Ger PEE pee 21. planiceps, p. 226. 2. Six upper labials ; one postocular. Upper portion of rostral much shorter [p. 227, than its distance from the frontal.... 22. calamarinum, Upper portion of rostral nearly as long as its distance from the frontal...... 23. gracile, p. 228, 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. 215 TABLE SHOWING NuMBERS OF SHIELDS. Vv. 0. Postoe. Lab. melanocephalum ..screrereeeeee 133-171 46-71 2 7 ANNULALUIM ....ccccecees- svoeees 149 54 2 ” Erilineatum ...-ccccscecsescecces 145-163 68-69 2 8 longifrontale ....0..e.sseeee eee 158 85 2 < COT ONALMM aaciakiaidevivancvsdtees 138-158 40-58 2 yj PUOLUM ccd aewenenietsss Hee. 6 | .130; Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dr. Rothschuh (C. 11. Homalocranium canula. Tantilla canula, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 144. Homalocranium canulum, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 153 (1895). Snout rather wide, but projecting beyond the mouth, Frontal rather small, hexagonal, longer than its distance from the rostral ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow by the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 110; anal divided; subcaudals 37. Colour leaden, darker above ; head-shields with paler borders and centres. Total length 172 millim. ; tail 37. Yucatan, 12. Homalocranium miniatum. Tantilla miniata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1863, p. 100, Journ. Ae. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 144, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 597. Homalocranium deppii, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 584, 1. xxxvi. fig. 11 (1883); Gtinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 151 1895). Tantilla deppei, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, 'p. 83. Homalocranium miniatum, Giinth. 1. c. p. 146. Eye about half the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril be- tween two nasals, much nearer the internasal than the first labial ; posterior nasal in contact with the preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 1+-1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow, the symphysial reaching the anterior chin-shields ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-152; anal divided ; subcaudals 55. Pale brown above, with five dark brown longitu- dinal lines; head dark brown above, yellowish on the sides; a yellow bar across the occiput, divided in the middle by the dark vertebral line ; lower parts yellowish white (red in life). Total length 270 millim, ; tail 65. Mexico. a. 8 (V. 152; C. 55), S. Mexico. F, D. Godman, Esq, [P.}. 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. 223 13. Homalocranium virgatum. : Microdromus virgatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p- 17, pl. iv. fig. B Homalocranium sexfasciatum, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. 1882, p. 226, pl. xiv. figs. 8-10. —— virgatum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 584, pl. xxxvi. fig. 4 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 164, pl. lii. fig. A (1895). : Tantilla sexfasciata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 83. —— virgata, Cope, 1. c, p. 84. Eye about half the length of the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper Jabials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from or narrowly in contact with its fellow, the symphysial usually reaching the anterior chin-shields ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 154-175; anal divided; subcaudals 57-65. Pale brown above, with four darker stripes edged with blackish ; a blackish line along each side of the belly; a yellow, black-edged cross-bar on the occiput, interrupted in the middle ; upper lip and end of snout yellowish, with a black spot below the eye and another on the rostral shield ; lower parts yellowish white. Total length 315 millim. ; tail 75. Costa Rica. a-d. g (V. 154; C. 57) & Cartago, Costa Rica. (Types.) (V. 1738, 175, 167; C. ?, 63, 59). 14, Homalocranium ruficeps. Pogonaspis ruficeps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 204. Rostral visible from above ; frontal elongate, hexagonal ; nostril between two nasals, the posterior not reaching the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 14+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; a single pair of chin-shields, in contact with four lower labials. Ventrals 146; anal divided. Light brown above ; median row of scales deep brown; a narrow yellow line on the adjacent borders of the third and fourth rows of scales, which is bounded above by a dark brown line; upper surface of head light reddish brown, with a pale spot at the extremity of each parietal shield ; upper lip yellow, with a black spot below the eye ; lower parts yellow. Total length 223 millim. Costa Rica. 224 COLUBRID. 15. Homalocranium bocourti. Homalocranium coronatum (non B. § G.), Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mez., Rept. p. 589, pl. xxxvii. fig. 5 (1883). — bocourti, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 149 (1895). Eye half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal pentagonal, or very slightly angulate in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 172- 176; anal divided; subcaudals 55. Pale reddish above, without spots or markings; head black, with a yellowish cross-bar on the snout and a yellowish, black-edged occipital cross-bar just behind the parietals ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 245 millim. ; tail 50. Mexico. a. 5 (V.172; C. 55). Guanajuato. Paris Mus. [E.]. (Type. 16. Homalocranium reticulatum. Tantilla reticulata, Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 77, and Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 598. SASL ot reticulatum, Giinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 152 )s Rostral broad, visible from above ; frontal broad, slightly angulate in front, acute-angled behind; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular; two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior in contact with the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 148; anal divided; subcaudals 67. Chestnut-brown above, much darker posteriorly, the colour extending on the ends of the ventrals ; anteriorly, the scales are edged with darker, presenting a reticulated pattern; central row of scales lighter, forming a vertebral line ; third and fourth rows on each side also lighter, forming indistinct lines ; a yellowish-brown collar crosses the ends of the parietal shields; head-shields clouded and edged with darker; a deep brown mark extending from the parietals to the mouth across the yellowish labials; beneath pale yellow, deepening posteriorly. Total length 260 millim.; tail 80. Panama, 184. HOMALOCRANIUM, 225 17. Homalocranium mestum. Homalocranium meestum, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, . 852; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 583, pl. xxxvi. fig. 9 {ise3); Gtinth, Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 152, pl. lii. fig. E (1896). Tantilla moesta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 126. Eye nearly half as long as the snout. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals not half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals, the posterior of which is in contact with the preocular ; two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial separated from its fellow, the symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 140-148; anal divided; subcaudals 55-63. Blackish brown above and below, throat, temples, and occiput yellowish white. Total length 300 millim. Guatemala. a. 9 (V. 148; C.?). Peten. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 18. Homalocranium vermiforme. Lioninia vermiformis, Hallow, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 484. Tantilla vermiformis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 145. Snout prominent. Rostral large, acute behind; frontal hexa- gonal, large, somewhat longer than broad; nostril between two nasals; two postoculars; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin- shields. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 122; anal single; sub- caudals 26. Whitish above, with numerous small brown spots; sometimes a narrow black vertebral line; head brown above, lighter on the snout, with a whitish blotch on the occiput; lower parts white. Total length 130 millim.; tail 18. Nicaragua. 19. Homalocranium breve. . Homalocranium breve, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 150 (1895), Eye not half as long as the snout. Rostral a little broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals more than half as long as the prefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute- angled behind, scarcely longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the’ posterior in contact with the preocular ; VOL. III. Q 226 » _ COLUBRID, two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering ‘the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Seales in 15 rows. Ventrals 111; anal divided. Pale brown above, speckled with darker; head and nape darker; whitish beneath. Total length 140 millim, British Honduras. a. d (V. 111; C.?). British Honduras O. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 20. Homalocranium atriceps. Homalocranium atriceps, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 146, pl. lii. fig. B (1895). Ps, ’ ’ Eye not half as long as the snout. MRostral broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 123- 125; anal divided; subcaudals 55-59. Pale reddish brown above ; upper surface of head blackish, bordered behind by a whitish cross- bar ; lower parts white. Total length 170 millim. ; tail 47. North Mexico. a-b. 3 (V. 1238, 125; 0. 55, 59). Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.}. (Types.) 21. Homalocranium planiceps. cae planiceps, Blainv. Nouv. Ann, Mus, iv. 1835, p. 294, pl. xxvii. Homalocranium planiceps, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 857 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat. Phys. ii, 1363, Be Rent y Gén. he ‘pl. ii. fig. 2 (1866); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. tae 581, pl. xxxvi. (1895). fig. 7 (1883) ; Gtinth. Biol. C-dm., Rep 1 Tantilla nigriceps, Kennicott, Proc. A hilad, 1860, p. 828; Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 598. Scolecophis fumiceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 371. Tantilla planiceps, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, 3 74, and Proce. U.S. Nat, Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 597. Homalocranium ame Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 582, pl. xxxvi. fig. Eye not half as long as the snout, which is much depressed and 184, HOMALOCRANIUM. 227 very prominent. Rostral large, broader than deep, its upper portion measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal ; internasals about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril in a divided or semidivided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular; latter exceptionally divided; one or two postoculars * ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with or separated from its fellow ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 121-153; anal divided; subcaudals 42-58. Pale brown above, head dark brown or black ; lower parts white. Total length 260 millim.; tail 50. Lower California to Western Texas and North Mexico. a-c,d.. g (V.127,126; C.?, Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. 58), 9 (V. 153; 0. 45), & yg. (V. 121; ©. 57). 22. Homalocranium calamarinum. Tantilla calamarina, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 320, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 148. —— bimaculata, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 148. Homalocranium bimaculatum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 580, pl. xxxvi. fig. 6 (1883); Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 154 (1895). Eye not half as long as the snout, which is prominent. Rostral broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, slightly longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, the posterior in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular; one post- ocular; temporals 1+1, the anterior sometimes separated from the postocular by the contact of the parietal and fifth labial; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial sepa- rated from its fellow by the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 119-132; anal divided; subcaudals 27-35. Pale brown above, with three brown longi- tudinal lines, the vertebral extending to the head, which is dark brown, and dividing a yellowish occipital blotch; end of snout yellowish ; lower parts white. Total length 195 millim. ; tail 25. Mexico. * Two of the specimens in the Collection have one postocular on each side ; the third has one on the left side and two on the right; whilst in the fourth the postocular is fused with the supraocular. Q2 228 COLUBRIDA, a-c. g (V. 122; C. 81), 2 San Blas. Hr. A, Forrer [C.]- V. 126 ; C. 27), & hgr. (V. 82; C.27). 23. Homalocranium gracile. Tantilla gracilis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. pp. 182, 161 1853) ; Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 246; Garm. N. Am. how p. re vi. fig. 3 (1883); Cope, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. , p. 598. —— hallowellii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, E 77. Homalocranium gracile, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 50, and Icon. Gén. 165, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1866); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 579, pl. xxxvi. fig. 5 (1883) ; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 146 (1895). Eye not half as long as the snout, which is much depressed and very prominent. Rostral large, a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals at least half as long as the preefrontals; frontal hexagonal, obtuse-angled in front, acute-angled behind, a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which is in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; one postocular ; temporals 1+ 1, the first sometimes narrowly separated from the postocular by the contact of the parietal and the fifth labial; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; first lower labial usually separated from its fellow by the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 112-133; anal divided; subcaudals 41-51. Pale brown or reddish above, uniform or speckled with dark brown, some- times with a dark vertebral line ; upper surface of head darker brown ; yellowish or orange below. Total length 195 millim, ; tail 44. Texas. ~ 3 dy, et ay ve tes acre Sapte Pa c . & (V. 115, 114 uval Co, . Taylor, Tea "114, 1165, 114, M9; C48” ; yee 12; 0.48 Texas, 47, 51, 49,?) & 9 (V. 46 117, 126; ©.?, 48), 185. OGMIUS. Ogmius, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xi, 1869, p. 162, and Journ. ‘Ac, Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 142. die ray Dentition as in Stenorhina. Head small, not distinct from neck eye small, with round pupil; snout pointed and projecting; nostril in a single nasal; noloreal. Scales smooth, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico. 186. sTENORHINA. 229 1. Ogmius acutus. Ogmius varians (non Jan), Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xi, 1869, p. 162 acutus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, ix. 1886, p. 189, and Bull. US. Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1887, p. 82. Rostral plate produced, acute-angled, flat above; frontal longer than broad; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 17 rows, Ventrals 127; anal divided; subcaudals 32. Greyish above, with - a dorsal series of transverse dark spots; sides and head, including lips, unspotted. Total length 249 millim. ; tail 40. W. Tehuantepec. | 186. STENORHINA. Stenorhina, Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 490, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 865 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 246 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 63; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 592 (1883). Microphis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 97. Bergenia, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 92 (1867). Maxillary teeth small, equal, 13 or 14, followed by a pair of feebly enlarged grooved teeth situated below the posterior border of the eye; mandibular teeth equal, Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is fused with the internasal ; loreal often absent. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals in two rows. Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, 1. Stenorhina degenhardtii. Calamaria degenhardtii, Berthold, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gotting. iii. 1846, p- 8, pl. i. figs. 3 & 4; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 461. Stenorhina ventralis, Dum. § Bubr. vii. p. 867 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 246 (1858); Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 162. freminvillii, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 868, pl. Ixx. figs. 1 & 2; Giinth. 1. c.; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 85 (1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 596, pl. xxxvii. fig. 8 (1886). Microphis quinquelineatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 97, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) iii. 1855, p. 33, pl. iv. Stenorhina kennicottiana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 242, and Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 142. qusqsiipeste, Cope, l. c. p. 243; Bocourt, 1. c. p. 597, pl. xxxvii. Eee lactea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad.1861, p. 303. degenhardtii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 63, and Icon. Gén, 48, pl. ii. figs. 5 & 6 (1876) ; Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, Ss 142; Bocourt, 1. c. p. 594, pl. xxxvii. figs. 8 & 9; Giinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 158 (1895). Bergenia mexicana, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 92, figs. (1867). 230 COLUBRID, eee, iaumeas apiata, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) viii- p- 142. Chilomeniseus mexicanus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 82, 1887, p- 81. Snout short, obtusely pointed, prominent. Rostral large, broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one half to two thirds, or even equal to, its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as ora little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; loreal, if present, small, if absent fused with the posterior nasal or with the prefrontal; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142 (rarely 243 or 4); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 136-174; anal divided; subcaudals 28-49. Coloration very variable. Total length 750 millim.; tail 100. Mexico to Ecuador. A. Belly more or less spotted with blackish; upper parts brown with more or less distinct darker spots and irregular cross- bars; these markings may entirely disappear in the adult, which is then uniform dark brown above. a. 3 (V. 148; C. 43). Mexico. b-e. 2 &é 156, 161; Atoyac, Vera Cruz. Mr.H.H.Smith(C.]; C. 33, 33). F, D. Godman, Esq, Fails d. 9 (V. 159; C. 83). Vera Paz, Low of Stvin, Esq. [C.]. Forest. e. do (V. 141; C. 42), Pacific Coast of O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. f. 2 (V. 160; 0.381) Freie R. A. Rix, Esq. [C.] , oy. ; 0.81). . ontales ica- . A. Rix, Esq. [C.]; : ragua, ; Teg a A aia g. 2 (V. 158; 0.?). Cartago; Costa Rica, - ‘eb. hk. 3 (V. 136; C. 40). Buenaventura, Co- Mr. W.F.H. Rosen- lombia. berg [C.]. i-k. Yg. Ne 152, 145; Zaruma, Ecuador. J. 0] unter, Esq. 9). oe B. Belly uniform yellowish ; back pale brown. a. With five black longitudinal lines on the back. a. 3 (V. 162; C. 40). Mexico. b. Hgr. (V.171; 0.32). Jalapa, Mexico. Mr. Hoege ae ce 9 (V.171; C. 31). Plain of Zacapa, O, Salvin, Esq. [C.]. Guatemala. b, A feebly-marked blackish vertebral line and a black streak behind the eye. d. g (V. 157; C. 40). Putla, Mexico, 187. XENOPHOLIs. 231 c. No well-defined markings, e-f. 6 (V.170; C.38) Yucatan. & 2 (V.173; C. 28). : g. & (V. 162; C. 38). Tapana, Tehuan- M. Sumichrast [C.]; tepec. F. D. Godman & 7. eit Esqrs. A h. f (V.171; C. 36). Cartago, Costa Rica. t. 6 (V. 151; C. 46). —? Prof. Grant [P.]. k. &, skeleton. Yucatan. 187. XENOPHOLIS. Xenopholis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 440. Gerrhosteus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 71. Hlaposeeh anes part., Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Maxillary teeth 14, small, followed after a short interspace by a pair of moderately enlarged, grooved fangs situated just behind the vertical of the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly Fig. 16. Vertebrae of Xenopholis scalaris. a. Four middle dorsal vertebrze, seen from above. _ b. Middle dorsal vertebrx, lower view. c. Ditto, front view. distinct from neck ; eye rather small, with round pupil ; nasal entire ; preefrontals fused to a single shield. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather short ; _ subcaudals in two rows. Neural spines of the vertebra expanded above, forming shields which are rugose and divided by a median groove. South America. 232 COLUBRID. 1, Xenopholis scalaris. Elapomorphus scalaris, Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 325; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, de 573. Xenopholis braconnieri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 441, pl. —. 8 fig. 3. Gerrhosteus prosopis, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 71. Rostral slightly broader than deep, hardly visible from above; internasals small; prefrontal large *; frontal large, as broad as long, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small; nasal large ; loreal longer than deep; procular single, larger than the supraocular, extending to the upper surface of the head and forming an extensive suture with the frontal; two postoculars, lower in contact with the anterior temporal; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 128-141; anal entire; subcaudals 28-39. Pale brown above, with a dark brown vertebral line separating large blackish-brown transverse spots or cross-bands; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 55. Brazil, Bolivia, Eastern Ecuador. a. dg (V. 129; 0.34). —_ Bahia. Dr. 0. Wucherer [C.}, (Type.) b. 2 (V. 141; ©. 28). Yungas, Bolivia. ce. 2 (V. 1388; 0.34). Canelos,E. Ecuador. Mr. C. Buckley [C.]}. 188. APOSTOLEPIS. Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Elapomorphus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mem. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 489, and Erp. Gén, vii. p. 832 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p.41; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Apostolepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. ynchonyx, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1869, p. 487. Maxillary very short, with four or five small teeth, followed, after a short interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small or minute, with round pupil; inter- nasals fused with the prefrontals; nostril in a single nasal; no loreal ; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical. Scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows, South America, * The type specimen of Xenopholis braconnieri is anomalous in having the prefrontal split up into three shields, 188. APOSTOLEPIS. 233 Synopsis of the Species. I. A single labial in contact with the parietal; the diameter of the eye nearly equal to the distance between the eye and the oral margin. Two postoculars; ventrals 199..... . 1. coronata, p. 233. A single postocular ; ventrals 265 .. 2. assimilis, p. 234. II. Two or three labials in contact with the parietal ; eye minute. A. Fourth and fifth labials in contact with the parietal ; ventrals 250-260. ISM CINEMA re? 6 05:0! s\s oe edd shane 3. flavitorquata, p. 234. MATL OTIS Hei wiiais's 4.5%. Daren wae 4. nigrolineata, p. 235. B. Fourth, fifth, and sixth labials in contact with the parietal ; yonwaers. 213 ... 2.0.2 008 ..- 5. quinquelineata, p. 235. C. Fifth and sixth labials in contact with the parietal. 1. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; WOMUESIN. SOF hy i's oo. core ces 6. nigroterminata, p. 235. 2. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Snout feebly projecting; four lower labials in contact with the chin- shields, fourth largest ; ventrals BEEP 8 eos wise ini anmicrectinsim F604 eka s wale 4 Eo OP ORTOSES Ths ots Snout feebly projecting; five lower labials in contact with the chin- shields, fifth largest; ventrals 244— 1 SRE Pr MaP We senorita Gee =A rae 8. erythronota, p. 236. Snout strongly projecting ; five lower labials in contact with the chin- _ shields; ventrals 224-242 ...... 9. ambinigra, p. 237. 1. Apostolepis coronata *. Elapomorphus coronatus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 110; Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 582; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxxvi. fig. 1 (1886). Snout scarcely projecting; eye small, its diameter nearly _ equalling its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal ; latter shield a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal in contact with the preocular; two postoculars; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth in contact * M. Bocourt has kindly supplied me with notes on the type specimen. 234 COLUBRID, with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are equal in size ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 199; anal divided; subcaudals 47. Yellowish above, with three dark brown longitudinal streaks ; anterior half of head blackish, posterior half yellow, with a black cross-band behind the parietals; lower parts white. | Total length 403 millim. ; tail 63. Habitat unknown. 2. Apostolepis assimilis. Elapomorphus assimilis, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1869, p. pas 3 iv. figs. 1-5 (1861) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 45, and Icon. Gén. 14, pr i. fig. 4 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p, 586. Snout feebly projecting; eye small, its diameter equalling its distance from the oral margin. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; frontal about once and three fifths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal not in contact with the prwocular; a single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, first in contact with its fellow behind the sym- physial, fifth largest; chin-shields subequal in size. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 265; anal divided; subcaudals 33. Red above; head and nape black, separated by a white collar; prefrontals, nasal, and fourth upper labial white; end of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 530 millim. ; tail 50. Minas Geraes, Brazil. 3. Apostolepis flavitorquata. Elapomorphus flavotorquatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 836 (1854); ichen, in Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér, Sud, . p. 55, pl. x (1855) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii, 1862, p. 48, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 8 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull, Ae, St Pétersb. xxix. 1884, Agpkolepla flavotorquata, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Snout feebly projecting ; eye minute. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal ; latter shield once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are twice as long as broad; nasal in contact with the prwocular; a single postocular; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth and fifth in contact with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in size; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 250; anal 188. APOSTOLEPIS. 235 | divided: subcaudals 27. Red above, yellow beneath; head black above, with a yellow spot on each prefrontal and a pair on each side of the upper lip behind the eye; a yellow, black-edged nuchal collar ; end of tail black, the terminal shield white. Total length 500 millim. ; tail 40. Goyaz, Brazil. 4. Apostolepis nigrolineata. Elapomorphus nigrolineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 439; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. &85. Agrees with A. flavitorquata, except in the smaller rostral shield and the undivided anal. Ventrals 260; subcaudals 26. Brownish yellow above, with five black longitudinal lines, the outer broadest and on the fourth and fifth rows of scales; snout brownish yellow, rest of head black; a yellow spot on the third and fourth upper labials; end of tail black, except the terminal shield, which is whitish ; lower parts dirty yellow. Total length 375 millim. ; tail 27. Habitat unknown. 5. Apostolepis quinguelineata. (Prats X. fig. 1.) Snout scarcely projecting; eye minute. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, half as long as the parietals; nasal in contact with the preocular; a single postocular; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth, fifth, and sixth in contact with the parietal; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in length, first in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial, fifth largest. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 213; anal divided; subcaudals 28, Pale reddish above, with five dark brown longitudinal lines, the outer broadest and on the second, third, and fourth rows of scales ; head dark brown, with a large yellowish blotch on the forehead and a small round yellowish spot below the eye; whitish beneath. Total length 165 millim.; tail 13. British Guiana. a, Hgr. 3 (V. 218; C. 28). Demerara. J. Quelch, Esq. [ P.}. 6. Apostolepis nigroterminata. (Pxiatx X. fig. 2.) Snout scarcely projecting; eye minute. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the pre- ocular; a single postocular; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior; five lower labials in contact with the 236 COLUBRID. chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 207; anal divided ; subcaudals 26. Pale reddish above, with a dark brown vertebral line and a dark brown lateral streak on the second, third, and fourth rows of scales; a pair of rather indistinct brown lines on the fifth and sixth rows of scales; head dark brown above, with a round yellowish spot on the snout and a yellowish spot on the third and fourth upper labials; a yellowish nuchal collar; end of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 217 millim. ; tail 18. North-eastern Peru. a. 3 (V. 207; C. 26). Cayaria. Mr. W. Davis [C.]; Messrs. Veitch [P.}, 7. Apostolepis dorbignyi. Calamaria d’orbignyi, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1837). Ela ee orbignyi, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 834 (1854); Jan, rch, Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1862, p. 43, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 2 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 578. Apostolepis orbignyi, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Snout feebly projecting; eye minute, Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half ifs distance from the frontal ; latter shield once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal not in contact with the preocular; a single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial nearly touching the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior; four lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, fourth largest, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 160; anal divided; subcaudals 37. Red above; head and nape black, separated by a white collar; snout and fourth upper labials whitish ; end of tail black, except the terminal shield which is white; lower parts white. Total length 384 millim. ; tail 49. Chili (?) *. 8. Apostolepis erythronota. Elapomorphus erythronotus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 222; Strauch, Bull. Ac, St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 579. Apostolepis erythronotus lineatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiv, 1887, p. 56, Form and lepidosis as in A. dorbignyi, but rostral larger, as in A, flavitorquata, nasal in contact with the prmocular, and five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, Ventrals 244-251 ; * As in many other specimens brought home by d’Orbigny, the locality is doubtful. I have recorded the species from Paraguay through confusion with A. ambinigra, 189, ELAPOMOIUS. 237 anal divided ; subcaudals 28. Red above, head, sides, and end of ~ tail black; terminal caudal shield white; ventrals whitish, with two series of black spots. The latter spots absent in the variety described as lineata, which differs besides in the presence of five brown longitudinal lines on the body. Total length 595 millim.; tail 60. §. Paulo and Matto Grosso, Brazil. 9. Apostolepis ambinigra. Rhynchonyx ambiniger, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 438, pl. —. fig. 2 g. 2. —— ambiniger vittatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 56. Elapomorphus erythronotus, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no. 195, p. 20. Snout strongly projecting; eye minute. MRostral large, the - portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the frontal; latter shield once and one fourth to once and one third as. long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,. shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the preocular; a. single postocular ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; five lower labials: in contact with the chin-shields, which are subequal in size; first. lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 224-242; anal divided; subcaudals- 21-33. Red above, yellowish white beneath; head, nape, and a * gular band black ; a yellowish spot on the third and fourth upper labials ; end of tail black, the terminal shield whitish. In the var. vittata, Cope, five dark brown streaks run along the body, on the: vertebral row of scales and on the fourth and sixth. Total length 620 millim.; tail 45. Paraguay and Matto Grosso. a-d. & (V. 231, 230,229; Asuncion, Paraguay. Dr. J. Bohls [C.].. C. 30, 28, 29) & 2 (V. 242; C. 26). 189. ELAPOMOIUS. Elapomorphus, part., Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 549. Elapomojus, Jan, l. c. p. 42. Dentition apparently as in Apostolepis and Elapomorphus. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil; internasals fused with the prefrontals ; nasal single, separated from the preeocular by a loreal; three pairs of chin-shields. Body cylin. drical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows. Brazil. 238 COLUBRID. 1. Elapomoius dimidiatus. Elapomorphus dimidiatus, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, . 47, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. . Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 587. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal; latter shield slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; a single preocular; a single postocular ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth very small; five lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 246 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 26. Yellowish above (five rows of scales) ; sides blackish, the scales edged with whitish ; head black above; upper lip white; yellowish white beneath, posterior ventrals and subcaudals spotted with black ; end of tail black, the terminal shield whitish. ; Total length 580 millim. ; tail 40. » Brazil. 190. ELAPOMORPHUS. 1) fe ug é apf OR Skull of Llapomorphus lemniscatus, Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1887). Mepemcne ( Wiegm.), part., Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 489, and Erp, Gén. vii. p. 832 (1854); Jan, Arch, Zool. _ Anat, Phys, ii. 1862, p. 41; Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb, xxix. 1884, p. 549. | 190. ELAPOMORPHUS. 239 Elapocephalus, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 276 (1858). Elapomorphus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Phalotris, Cope, 1. ¢. Maxillary short, with four or five small teeth, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a single nasal, which is in contact with a preocular. Body cylin- drical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded Tail short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Preefrontals paired. Parietals not twice as long as broad; Vonttals 16BS1SS ee eee ec nce 1. blumiz. p. 239. Parietals at least twice as long as broad ; ventrals 176-184 ...........0008. 2. wuchereri, p. 240. Parietals not twice as long as broad; ventrals 190-234 ..... eemoneee tee 3. lepidus, p. 241. II. A single prefrontal. A. Internasals forming a suture behind the rostral. Portion of the rostral visible from above not longer than the suture between the internasals; ventrals 202-240 .. 4. tricolor, p. 241. Portion of the rostral visible from above longer than the suture between the internasals ; ventrals 185-212...... 5. lemniscatus, p. 242. B. Internasals not forming a median suture. Internasals meeting with their inner angles behind the rostral; ventrals BOT ee BOTs caree ties era D 6. trilineatus, p. 248. Internasals completely separated by the rostral; ventrals 218 ............ 7. bilineatus, p. 248. 1. Elapomorphus blumii. Calamaria blumii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 45 (1837). Elapomorphus blumii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 841 (1854); Guichen. an Casteln. Anim. Nouv. Amér. Sud, Rept. p. 56 (1855); Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 57; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 45, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 551; Bocourt, Miss. Sc, Mex., Rept. pl. xxxvi. fig. 2 (1886). Elapocephalus teniatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 276 (1858), Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; 240 COLUBRID. internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 169-188 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 24-43. Pale yellowish brown above, with five dark brown or black longitudinal streaks ; head much spotted with dark brown or black ; a yellowish-white occipital collar, which may be interrupted in the middle or confined to the sides; a large yellowish-white blotch on the upper lip, occupying the third, fourth, and fifth labials; lower parts white, with or without a blackish dot on the outer end of each ventral, Total length 760 millim.; tail 65. Guianas, Brazil. a. Yg. (V. 169; C. 42). Cayenne. b. Ye. V. 1855, C. “Prt Tijuca R. _R. Bennett, Esq. [P.1. ce. 9 (V.178; 0.24). Porto Real, Prov. M. Hardy du Dréneuf (C.. Rio Janeiro, . (V. 184; C. 28). Theresopolis. Dr. E. A. fog. (Be alts g. RE 170, 184; Rio Janeiro. G, Busk, Esq. [P.]. CO. 31, 32) g. 2 (V.179;-C. 27). 8. America, Zoological Society. (Type of cme ree teniatus.) 2. Elapomorphus wuchereri. Elapomorphus wuchereri, part., Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1861, p. 415, fig., and Proe. ng Soc. 1861, p. 1b, fig.; Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 556. —— accedens, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 46 ; Strauch, l. c. p. 560. Rostral broader than-deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pre- and two (exceptionally one) postoculars ; temporals 1+ 1 ; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower "labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 176-184; anal divided; subcaudals 27-45. Pale yellowish brown above ; young with three dark brown longitudinal lines, which disappear in the adult; sides of head dark brown or blackish, with a large yellow blotch on the upper lip on the third to sixth labials; rostral and anterior labials each with a blackish spot; lower parts white. Total length 1180 millim.; tail 120. Brazil, ee T 190, ELAPOMORPHUS. 241 a, b. 2 (V.179; C. 35) & Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. her. 2 (V. 183; ©. 35). (Types.) ce. Yg. (V. 176; C. 41). Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer (0) d. Her. 9 (V. 181; C, 34). Bahia. | Lord Walsingham [P.]. 3. Elapomorphus lepidus. Elapomorphus lepidus, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. 1860, p. 239, pl. iv. figs. 6-9 (1861); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 46, and Icon, Gén. 14, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 558. wuchereri, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1861, p- 415, fig., and Proc, Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 15, fig.; Strauch, 1. ¢. . 555. Aeostaiogla lepida, Cope, Proc, Ac, Philad. 1861, p. 524. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad; one pre- and two (exceptionally one) postoculars ; temporals 1+ 1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 190-234; anal divided; subcaudals 30-45. Pale brown above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal lines; snout, vertex, and nape black; back of head and temples yellowish white ; lower parts whitish. Total length 500 millim.; tail 55. Brazil. a,b. 3 (V. 204; C. 45) & O Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.]. V. 201; ©. 33). (Types of EL. wucherer?.) ce. Hgr. (V. 190; C. 30). Brazil. Dr. Gardiner [P. ]. 4, Elapomorphus tricolor. Elapomorphus tricolor, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 837 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 44, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1865); Strauch, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 565; Boettg. Abh. Nat. Ges. Niirnb. viii. 1891, p. 91; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no, 195, p. 21. Phalotris tricolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 524. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals one third to one half the length of the single prefrontal; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pra- and two (rarely one) postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Yentrals 202-240; VoL, III. R 242 COLUBRID. anal divided; subcandals 22-30. Red above, white beneath ; upper surface "of head and nape black, separated by a yellowish- white cross-band. Total length 370 millim.; tail 25. Grows to 938 millim. Bolivia, Paraguay, Southern Brazil, Uruguay. a-b. Her. i: ol C. are Uruguay. & yg. (V. 226; C. 26). 5. Elapomorphus lemniscatus. morphus lemniscatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. he 840 (1854) ; Jan, rel l. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 45, and Gén. 14, pl. ii. . 8 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac, St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 567 ; Buln Ann & Mag. N. H. (5) xv. 1885, p. 821, pl. x., ‘and xvi. 1885, — 0 eal Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 518, pl. —. fig. 2; Strauch, l. c. p. 569. Phalotris lemniscatus, Cope, Proe, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. —— reticulatus, Cope, /. ¢. ay omorphus iheringi, Strauch, 1. ¢. p. 571. otris melanopleurus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxii. 1885, is 189, Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals one fourth to one third the length of the single prefrontal ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are at least twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 185- 212; anal divided; subcaudals 21-34. Red to greyish brown above, with or without a black vertebral stripe; head blackish, usually with a yellowish, black-edged occipital collar which may be much reduced or even entirely absent ; lateral scales and ventrals and subcaudals black, light-edged, the outer or the two outer rows of ene often yellowish white; a black bar across the base of the tail. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 60. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. a-b, c, d-f, g-k. 3 oO ae ‘08 RioGrande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering 0, 25), ew [C.]. , 3, Ti Apa & ie Ec ees } (V. 204; ©, 22), Paragua Prof. Grant [P. = iC. 25), 9 Uroguay. (P} FO as | PP tl ma 190. ELAPOMORPHUS. 243 p. @ (V. 212; C. 24). High Pampas of EE. W. White, Esq. San Luis, Men- [C.]. doza. q. Skeleton. Rio Grande do Sul. 6. Elapomorphus trilineatus. (Prats X. fig. 3.) reap trilineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 266, Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring two thirds its distance from the frontal, in contact with - the anterior angle of the single prefrontal; internasals meeting with their inner angles; frontal once and a half as long as broad, not quite so long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are twice as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which equal the posterior in size. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 203; anal divided; sub- caudals 26. Cream-colour; above with three black streaks inter- rupted by the pale borders of the scales, the middle one on the vertebral row of scales, the lateral between the fourth and fifth rows ; a blackish transverse band on the base of the tail; ventrals and subcaudals black antero-mesially. Total length 530 millim. ; tail 45. Southern Brazil. a. 2 ~ 208 ; C. 26). Camaquam River, Rio Dr. H. v. Dheriing [C.]. Grande do Sul. (Type.) 7. Elapomorphus bilineatus. Elapomorphus bilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 839 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 44, pit ‘Icon. Gén. 14, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1865) ; Strauch, Bull. Ac. ‘St. Pétersb. xxix. 1884, p. 568; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex. , Rept. pl. xxxvi. fig. 3 (1886). Phalotris bilineatus, Cope, ‘Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 524. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above a little shorter than its distance from the frontal and entirely separating the internasals; prefrontal single; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals, which are not twice as long as broad ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 218; anal divided; subcaudals 21. Brownish yellow above, with a blackish line on each side of the back, between the fourth and fifth rows of scales; head blackish above and beneath; ventrals and subcaudals blackish, edged with whitish. 3 Total length 348 millim. ; tail 20. Corrientes, Argentina. R2 244 COLUBRID 2. 191. AMBLYODIPSAS. Amblyodipsas, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1856, p. 592, and Reise n. Mossamb, iti. p. 109 (1882). , Amblyodipsas, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 40. Maxillary very short, with five teeth gradually increasing in size - and followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; mandibular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a single very small nasal; no internasals; no loreal; no preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse ; subcaudals in two rows, Mozambique. 1. Amblyodipsas microphthalma. Calamaria microphthalma, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 94, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1852). Amblyodipsas microphthalma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1856, p. 592; Jan, Arch. Zool. per Phys, ii. 1862, p. 41, and Icon. Gén. 14, pl. i. fig. 1 (1865) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 109 (1882). Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about two thirds its distance from the frontal; pra- frontals longer than broad; frontal large, nearly twice as long as broad, acutely pointed behind, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; supraocular very small; a minute postocular; a single temporal; four upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth largest and in contact with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142; anal divided; subcaudals 19. Dark brown above; upper lip, two outer rows of scales, outer ends of ventrals, and lower surface of head and tail white; a dark brown stripe along the middle of the belly. Total length 300 millim.; tail 24, Mozambique, 192, ELAPOTINUS. Elapotinus, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 31. Dentition as in Amblyodipsas, but the groove on the posterior fang probably less distinct*. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals; no * Jan describes the Snake as aglyphodont, but he has overlooked the groove on the tooth in so many unquestionably opisthoglyphous Colubrines that we may well be permitted to doubt the accuracy of his statement in this particular case, | 193, CALAMELAPS, 245 loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth; without pits, in 17 rows ; ventrals rounded, Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa ? 1, Elapotinus picteti. Elapotinus picteti, Jan, 1. c., and Icon. Gén. 13, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular nearly as broad as - long; preocular minute; a small postocular; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175; anal divided; subcaudals 36. Blackish above, with a white lateral line; a white occipital collar ; upper lip white; brown beneath, outer ends of ventrals and outer row of scales white. Total length 290 millim.; tail 40. Habitat unknown. 193. CALAMELAPS. ? Choristodon (non Jonas), Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept., App. p. 18 (1849) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 235. Amblyodipsas, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 40. Calamelaps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 26. Maxillary very short, with three or four teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a divided or semidivided nasal; no loreal; no preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical. Scales smooth, without pits, in 17 to 21 (or 13?) rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa; South Africa ? Synopsis of the Species. Bealed: 1 17-7008. swear vesicke ae vee sess 1. unicolor, p. 245. Scaled 1k 21 TOWS..» «acu eit tase ts hee so os 2. polylepis, p. 245. Scales it 1D TOWS.. «.c.cuape er eace Hens 0 a3 > 3. concolor, p. 246. 1. Calamelaps unicolor. Calamaria unicolor, Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 236, pl. i. figs. 1-3. Amblyodipsas unicolor, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 41. Calamelaps unicolor, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 26. 246 COLUBRID. Rostral large, a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; supraocular small; nasal divided or semidivided ; a very small postocular, sometimes fused with the supraocular; a single temporal; six upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest and in contact with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 173-208; anal divided; subcaudals 21-38. Uniform blackish brown. Total length 365 millim.; tail 27. West Africa. a. 3 (V. 182; C. 34). Sierra Leone. b. go (V. 178; C. 33). Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.}. c. 9 (V. 208; C. 21). W. Africa. 2. Calamelaps polylepis. Calamelaps polylepis, Bocage. Jorn. Se, Lisb. iv. 1873, p. 216, and Herp. Angola, p. 126, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1895). —— miolepis, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323. In every respect like C. unicolor, except that the scales are in 21 rows. Ventrals 163-212; subcaudals 16-27. Total length 400 millim.; tail 23. Angola, Nyassaland. a. 2 (V. 208; C. 18). yar McLear, Lake A. A. Simons, Esq. [C.]. yassa. (Type of C, mioleprs.) 3. Calamelaps? concolor. Stes concolor, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept., App. p. 18 ). Rostral triangular; internasals small; frontal subrhomboidal, the hinder portion most prolonged; supraocular very small, sub- triangular, forming the supero-posterior border of the eye; post- ocular very small; third and fourth upper labials entering the eye; two pairs of narrow chin-shields, the second pair longest. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 134; subcaudals 38, Greenish black above, with purple gloss; pale blackish purple beneath, the shields mar- gined behind with livid white. Total length 190 millim.; tail 28. Caffraria. 194. RHINOCALAMUS.—195, XENOCALAMUS. 247 194. RHINOCALAMUS. Rhinocalamus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 322. Maxillary very short, with four teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of large grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth slightly enlarged ; palate toothless. Head small, not distinct from neck; snout much depressed and very prominent; rostral very large, with obtuse horizontal edge, concave below; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a semidivided nasal; no loreal; no preocular; no anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa. 1. Rhinocalamus dimidiatus. Rhinocalamus dimidiatus, Giinth, J. c. pl. xix. fig. C. Rostral very large, capping the end of the snout, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals more than twice as broad as long, shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal large, a little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; supraocular very small; a minute postocular; a single temporal; six upper labials, third in contact with the nasal and the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest and in contact with the parietals ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, fourth very large and narrowly separated from its fellow by the posterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 192-215; anal divided; subcaudals 20-27. Black above; upper lip, three lower rows of scales, and lower parts white. Total length 470 millim. ; tail 30. Interior of East Africa. a-c. o (V. 202,195,192; C. 26, 26, 27). Mpwapwa. (Types.) d-e. o (V. 207; C. 25) & Q (V. 215; Ugogo. Mr. Baxter [C.]. C. 20). 7 195. XENOCALAMUS. Xenocalamus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414, and (6) xv. 1895, p. 526. Maxillary very short, with five teeth gradually increasing in size and followed, after an interspace, by a pair of larger grooved fangs situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth a little larger than the posterior; palate toothless. Head small, not distinct from neck; snout much depressed, very prominent, pointed ; rostral very large, with obtuse horizontal edge, flat below; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals, the posterior very large; no loreal; prefrontals absent (fused with the frontal); no 248 COLUBRID, anterior temporal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. 1. Xenocalamus bicolor. Xenocalamus bicolor, Giinth. 1. c. p. 415, pl. xix. fig. A. Upper portion of rostral nearly half as long as the frontal, which is extremely large and more than half as long as the shielded part of the head; internasals large, forming a short median suture; supraocular very narrow ; a large, elongate prewocular, in contact with the posterior nasal, the internasal, the frontal, and the third labial ; a minute postocular; a single temporal ; six upper labials, first very small, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large and in contact with the parietal; third lower labial extremely large ; a single pair of narrow chin-shields, in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 218; anal divided; sub- caudals 24, Black above; upper lip, two outer rows of scales, and lower parts white. Total length 430 millim.; tail 30. Zambesi. a. 2 (V. 218; C. 24). Zambesi. Mr. Chapman [C.]. (Type.) 2. Xenocalamus mechovii. Xenocalamus mechowii, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 147; Boettg. Ber. Senck, Ges, 1888, p. 47. As in the preceding, but supraoculars absent and usually two postoculars instead of one. Ventrals 229-239; anal divided; sub- caudals 31-36. Yellowish, with large dark brown spots above; some of these spots are disposed in alternating, partly confluent pairs, others form cross-bands; upper lip, sides, and lower parts unspotted. ; Total-length 225 millim.; tail 23, Congo. ; a. Hgr. (V. 289; C. 365). Stanley Falls. 196, MICRELAPS. Micrelaps, Boetty. Ber, Senckenb. Ges, 1879-80, p. 186. Elaposchema, Mocquard, Mém. Cent, Soc. Philom. 1888, p. 122. Maxillary very short, with two teeth followed, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye minute, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal ; no loreal ; no preocular; prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded, ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows, Palestine ; Somaliland. 197. MIopoNn. 249 1. Micrelaps muelleri. F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 655. 53 Micrelaps miilleri, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 187, pl. iii. fig. 2; Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 184, pl. xix. fig. 2. Head much depressed; rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal small, not broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the parietals; supra- ocular as long as broad; a small postocular, in contact with the first temporal; temporal 1+4+1 or 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 251-275; anal divided; subcaudals 26-32. Black, with whitish annuli, which may be narrower or broader than the interspaces between them, mostly interrupted beneath. Total length 405 millim. ; tail 30. Palestine. a. @ (V. 251; C. 380). Jerusalem. Senckenberg Mus, [E.]. 2. Micrelaps vaillanti. Elaposchema vaillanti, Mocg. J. ¢. p. 128, pl. xii. fig. 1. Calamelaps vaillanti, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 117. Head much depressed ; rostral large, twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above about two thirds as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals twice as broad as long, twice as long as the prefrontals; frontal small, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; supraocular as long as broad; a very small postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in size, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 171-203; anal divided; subcaudals 23-27. Brown above, the centre of each scale greyish white ; ventrals brown in the middle, whitish on the sides. Total length 282 millim.; tail 32. Somaliland. 197. MIODON. Microsoma (non Macq.), Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 519, and LElenco sist, Ofid. p. 111 (1863); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1863, p. 369. Miodon, A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 206. Urobelus, Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel, 1860, p. 229, Maxillary very short, with two or three small teeth followed, 250 COLUBRID. after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated in advance of the eye; second and third or third and fourth man- dibular teeth large, fang-like. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with round pupil; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial ; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short ; subcaudals in two rows. West Africa, Maxillary and mandible of Miodon acanthias. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anal entire; ventrals 190-216 .. 1. acanthias, p. 250. II. Anal divided, A. Frontal longer than broad. Internasals considerably shorter than the prefrontals; ventrals 201-228...... 2. collaris, p. 251. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prefrontals; ventrals 214~ BOND nds cx ch ad oes Bak wns eae 3. gabonensis, p. 252. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prewfrontals; ventrals 181- | RE er Pre or yy on ts 4, notatus, p. 252. B. Frontal as long as broad ; ventrals 238. 5. neuwiedii, p. 253. 1. Miodon acanthias. Urobelus acanthias, Reinh, Vidensk. Meddel. 1860, p, 229 Elapomorphus acanthias, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii, ides ee 47, and Icon. Gén, 14, pl. iii. fig. 4 (1865). —— acanthias, ese” Giinth, Ann, § Mag. N. H. (8) i. 1888, p. 828. ? Microsoma co var. D, Bocage, Herp, Angola, p. 126 fat: ). ~ Diameter of eye less than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as broad as the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as 197, MIoDoN. © 251 broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided; one preocular, in contact with the posterior nasal; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 190- 216; anal entire; subcaudals 16-21. Whitish or pale reddish above, with five black stripes, the median broadest and occupying one and two half scales, the outer running between the second and third rows of scales; top of head black; a whitish occipital bar edged with black behind ; end of snout, upper lip, tip of tail, and lower parts white. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 30. Guinea; Congo? a. Hgr. (V.190; C. 21). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.]. b. 2 (V. 210; C. 17). , W. Africa. J. i Salmon, Esq. ¢. Skull of 8. a 2. Miodon collaris. , Polemon barthii (non Jan), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, 90, hie collare, Peters, Sitzb, Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 148; Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lash. xi. 1887, p. 182, and Herp. Angola, p. 124, pl. xiv. figs. 1 & 2 (1895). Elapomorphus acanthias, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323. Diameter of eye about three fifths its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals considerably shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the preocular; two (rarely one*) postoculars; temporals 1+1 (or 1+2); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 201-228; anal divided ; subcaudals 16-22. Blackish above and on the sides down to the outer end of the ventrals and subcaudals, or dark grey with the scales edged with black ; head and nape pale brown, with some black blotches on the crown and below the eye; lower parts and terminal caudal shield white. Total length 550 millim.; tail 32. West Africa (Old Calabar, Congo, Angola). a. 2 (V. 204; 0.18). Old Calabar. * The specimen in the Collection has a single postocular on one side. 252 COLUBRID. 3. Miodon gabonensis. Elapomorphus gabonensis, A. Dum. Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) viii. 1856, p. 468, and Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 206, pl. xvi. fig. 2. —— gabonicus, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 47. —— (Urobelus) gabonicus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. 1. fig. 1 (1866). Microsoma fulvicollis, Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 65. Urobelus gabonicus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 127. a Sem acanthias, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 323. —— cecutiens, Giinth. 1. c. pl. xix. fig. B. Diameter of eye one third to one half its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals as long as or slightly shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly broader than the supraocular, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; one preocular, in contact with the nasal, which is entire or imperfectly divided ; one or two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 214-249; anal divided; subcaudals 16-24. Dark brown or olive above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal lines, or almost uniform blackish; a pale brownish band across the occiput ; upper lip, ventrals, subcaudals; and terminal caudal scute white. Total length 510 millim. ; tail 23. West Africa, from the Old Calabar to the Congo. a, 9 (V.214; 0.17). Old Calabar. D.G- Rutherford, Esq [O.}. b-c. 2 eg 231,230; C. Cameroon Mts., 2000ft. Sir H. H. Johnston 16, 18). / [P.]. (Types of £, cecutiens. ) d. 2 (V. 215; C.17). Rio del Rey. an) H. Johnston 4, Miodon notatus*. Microsoma notatum, Peters, Sitzb. Ges, Naturf. Fr, 1882, p. 127 ; Mocq. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 64. Diameter of eye about half its distance from the oral margin. Internasals as long as or slightly shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 1; seven upper labials, second in contact with the procular, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower * I am indebted to Prof. Boettger for notes on a specimen from Cameroon, preserved in the Liibeck Museum. oy Pp 198. PorEMON. 253 labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 181-200; anal divided; subcaudals 14-18, Pale brown above, with two series of round black spots, which may be light-edged ; upper surface of head, a nuchal collar, and upper surface of tail _ black ; ventrals, subcaudals, and terminal caudal shield white. Total length 317 millim. ; tail 29. West Africa (Cameroon, Congo). 5. Miodon neuwiedii. Microsoma neuwiedi, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p, 519, & xi. 1859, pl. iv. Elapomorphus (Urobelus) neuwiedi, Jan, Icon. G'én. 15, pl. i. fig. 2 (1866). Diameter of eye less than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; one postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 238 ; anal divided; subcaudals 21. Pale brown above, with three black longitudinal lines; upper surface of head and base of tail black; lower parts white. Total length 172 millim.; tail 10. Guinea (Christiansburg). 198. POLEMON. Polemon, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 520, and Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 111 (1863) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 368. Maxillary very short, with three small teeth followed, after an interspace, by a very large grooved fang situated in advance of the eye; third and fourth mandibular teeth large, fang-like. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nostril in a divided nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial; no loreal ; parietal narrowly in contact with a labial. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 254 COLUBRID. 1. Polemon barthii. Polemon barthii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 520, and xi. 1859, pl. v; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 868, pl. —. fig. 7 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 3 (1866). Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals a little longer than broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal small, a little longer than broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, about half as long as the parietals; a small preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the posterior nasal; one postocular; temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth forming a short suture with the parietal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 221-226; anal entire; subcaudals 16-18. Olive-grey above, the scales edged with black; back of head and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 810 millim. ; tail 40. Guinea. a. 9 (V. 221; C. 18). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.]. 199. BRACHYOPHIS. Brachyophis, Mocquard, Mém, Cent. Soc. Philom. 1888, p. 125. Maxillary very short, with two or three small teeth followed, after an interspace, by a large grooved fang; mandibular teeth increasing in length to the third. Head small, not distinct from neck, with depressed, sharp-edged snout; eye minute, with round pupil ; nostril in a single nasal, which does not touch the rostral, the internasal forming a suture with the first labial; no loreal; no temporals; a large azygous occipital shield. Body remarkably short, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail extremely short; subcaudals single. : Somaliland. 1. Brachyophis revoili. Brachyophis revoili, Mocg. 1. c. pl. xi. fig. 3. Rostral large, the portion visible from above at least as long as its distance from the frontal and wedged in between the internasals, which are shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, between which the point of a large pentagonal occipital is wedged in; a small preocular and two small postoculars ; seven upper Jabials, second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth largest and in contact with the parietals ; two pairs of large chin-shields, separated from each other on the median line by two 200. MACRELAPS.—201. APARALLACTUS. 255 series of small scales. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 104-115; anal divided; subcaudals 11-13. Greyish white above, with irregular brown cross-bands, or dark brown with irregular white cross-bands ; ventrals broadly edged with brown in front. Total length 255 millim. ; tail 15. Somaliland. a. Q (V.115; CO. 11). Somaliland. Paris Museum [E_]. (One of the types.) 200. MACRELAPS. Maxillary short, with 4 moderately large teeth followed by a very large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior man- dibular teeth enlarged, third to fifth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil; nasal divided ; no loreal; no preocular; prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 25 or 27 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail short; subcaudals single. South Africa. 1. Macrelaps microlepidotus. Uriechis microlepidotus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) v., 1860, p- 168, pl. ix.; Gurney, t. c. p. 342. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; postocular small, single, in one specimen (young) in contact with the first temporal ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth largest; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 163-166 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 37-48. Uniform black. Total length 850 millim. ; tail 105. Natal. a, b. 2 (Se. 25; V. 166; C. 37) Durban. Mr. T. Ayres 5 J. H. & yg. (Sc. 27; V. 163; C. 48). ays EP xi (Types.) 201. APARALLACTUS. Aparallactus, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept., one p- 15 (1849). Elapomorphus (non Wiegm.), Smith, 1. ¢. p. 16. Uriechis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, Pp. 623; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 48; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 110 (1882 PA NE Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 21, and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 157 (1895). Maxillary short, with 6 to 9 small teeth followed by a large grooved fang situated below the eye; anterior mandibular teeth 256 COLUBRID. longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil ; nasal entire or divided ; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals single. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. Two prefrontals. A. Symphysial not in contact with the chin-shields. 1. Two postoculars, in contact with a temporal; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular, Third and fourth upper labials entering ERS. OY6 |. kcicn cs bes cede a ee 1. jacksonii, p. 257. Second and third upper labials entering the eye -..........e0e 2. werneri, p. 257. 2. A single postocular ; one labial in contact with the parietal. Nasal entire, not in contact with the preoocular .....cccrecsesesesen 3. concolor, p. 257. Nasal divided, in contact with the DLOCUIAE . 06s vss vee ee hE A 4. lunulatus, p. 258. B. Symphysial in contact with the chin-shields, 1. Third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. Nasal divided; ventrals 154-180; subcaudals 51-59 ...........4.. 5. guenthert, p. 259, Nasal entire; ventrals 191; sub- Oatdals 44... wea coeaevav cpus 6. bocagii, p. 259. Nasal entire; ventrals 138-166 ; subcaudals 37-53 ,........2.06, 7. capensis, p. 259. 2. Second and third upper labials entering the eye. Ventrals 110-149 ; subcaudals 21-40, 8. nigriceps, p. 260. Ventrals 160-161 ; subcaudals 36-41. 9. punctatolineatus, p. 261. Il. A single prefrontal. Frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout ............ 10. Uineatus, p. 261. Frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout ............ 11. anomalus, p, 262. 1. Aparallactus jacksonii. piri aoe Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N, H. (6) i. 1888, p. 825, pl. xix. fig. EF. Be | te jacksonii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 172. —— ie OO tii a it oo ne es "7 | -j 201, APARALLACTUS. 257 | Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preeocular ; two postoculars, in contact with the anterior temporal ; — temporals 141; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in length, the anterior broader and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142; anal entire; subcaudals 36. Pale reddish brown above, with a black vertebral line; upper surface of head and nape black, the nuchal blotch edged with yellow and extending to the sides of the neck; a pair of yellow spots behind the parietal shields ; sides of head yellow, the shields bordering the eye black; lower parts uniform yellowish. | Total length 180 millim.; tail 30. East Africa. a. Hgr. 9 (V. 142; C. 36). Foot of Mt. Kiliman- F.J. Jackson, Esq. jaro. [P.]. (Type.) 2. Aparallactus werneri. (Prater XI. fig. 1.) Aparallactus werneri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular; two postoculars, in contact with the anterior temporal ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior broader and a little longer and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 147-160 ; anal entire; subcaudals 32-41. Blackish above, with a deep black, somewhat light-edged nuchal collar; upper lip blackish below the eye, yellowish in front and behind ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 390 millim.; tail 65. East Africa. a-b. Sd (V. 147; C. 41) & Usambara. Dr. F. Werner [E.]. @ (V. 160; C. 32). (Types.) 3. Aparallactus concolor. Uriechis concolor, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. i. 1884, p. 4, pl. i. fig. 1; Gtinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 325, VOL, IIl. 8 Ne oe Se ae ange ee 7 ie “he sides ‘ a foe on ae ; : 258 COLUBRID. Aparallactus concolor, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 172. Diameter of eye equal to or greater than its distance from the oral margin. MRostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one half to two thirds as long as its distance from the F frontal; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and Pa a half to twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from _ the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the ' parietals; nasal entire, not in contact with the prwocular; one postocular; temporals 1+1,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, second in contact with the prefrontal, fifth in contact with the parietal; first lower labia] in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior longest, anterior in contact with four labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145-158 ; anal entire; subcaudals 55-71. Uniform dark brown or black, somewhat lighter beneath. Total length 460 millim., ; tail 110. Eastern Central Africa. a. ¢ (V. 152; C, 55). Lado, Dr, Emin Pasha [P.]. b. Hgr. (V. 145; C. 61). Steppes E. of Izavo. Mp) . W. Gregory c. 2 (V.158; C.71). Boran Country. Des ap Smith 4. Aparallactus lunulatus. | 4 Uriechis lunulatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 623, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 113, pl. xviii. fig. 2 (1882) ; Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. ; N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 324. ppeigronns lunulatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 172. Diameter of eye equal to or greater than its distance from the oral margin. MRostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; F internasals shorter than the prefrontals ;. frontal once and two ’ thirds as Jong as broad, much longer than its distance from the end ) of the snout, as long as the parietals; nasal divided, in contact with the preocular ; one postocular ; temporals 1+1; seven upper Jabials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields, subequal in size, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 151-158 ; anal entire; subcaudals 52-58. Olive or pale brown above, each scale edged with darker, anteriorly with several blackish cross-bars followed by small spots; the first cross-bar largest and forming a collar; whitish beneath. Total length 390 millim. ; tail 85. Eastern Central Africa, Mozambique. a. d (V. 155; ©. 52). Lake Tanganyika, Sir J, Kirk [C.}. b. og (V. 151; C, 57). Lake Nyassa, 201, APARALLACTUS. 259. 5. Aparallactus guentheri. (Prarez XI. fig. 2.) Uriechis capensis, part., Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 3824; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 128 (1895). Aparallactus guentheri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 172 Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the pree- ocular; one postocular; temporals 1+1 ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as and a little broader than the posterior and in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 154-180; anal entire *; subcaudals 51-59. Blackish brown above, a little lighter beneath; chin and throat yellowish white; a deep black collar, edged with yellowish white in front and behind, narrowly inter- rupted on the throat. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 80. East Africa, Eastern Central Africa, Angola. a. 9 (V. 154; C.59). Lake Nyassa. A. A. Simons, Esq. eT 5 b. Yg. (V. 164; C.51). Shiré highlands. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. | ce. Yg. (V. 156; C. 52). Zanzibar, F. Finn, Esq. [P.}. e (Types.) J 6. Aparallactus bocagii. Uriechis capensis, part., Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 128 (1895). Aparallactus bocagii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 178. Head-shields as in A. capensis. Ventrals 191; subcaudals 44. Reddish brown above, with a small brown spot in the centre of each scale ; these spots forming longitudinal lines; a black spot on each side of the head, round the eye, and on two or three labial shields, and another on the first temporal shield; a black nuchal bar, separated from the head by a yellowish interspace; uniform ellowish white beneath. Total length 272 millim, Angola. 7. Aparallactus capensis. Aparallactus capensis, Smith, Jil. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept., App. p. 16 (1849); Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 178. Elapomorphus capensis, Smith, /. ¢. _* Bocage (/. c.) describes his Uriechis capensis as with divided anal and paired subcaudals, a statement due, no doubt, to an oversight. s2 atl RE eee eee Re eee a ee —_ a :~ v 260 COLUBRID. Cercocalamus collaris, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, ___p.2l, pl. iii, fig. A, and Biol, C.-Am., Rept. p. 157 (1895). Uriechis capensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mug. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 89; Jan, Icon. Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 5 (1866) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii, p. 112 (1882). Pag yer part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 324. Diameter of eye a little greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular; one postocular; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact: with the parietal ; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 138-166; anal entire ; subcaudals 37-53. Yellow or pale reddish brown above, with or without a blackish vertebral line, yellowish white beneath; upper surface of head and nape black, with or without a yellowish cross-bar behind the parietal shields, the black of the nape descending to the sides of the neck; sides of head yellowish, the shields bordering the eye black. Total length 335 millim.; tail 70. East and South Africa. a. Hgr. 2 (V. 158; C.40). Caffraria. Sir A. Smith [P.]. - (One of the types.) b. 9 (V. 159; CO. 47). De Kaap Goldfields, Dr. P. Rendall [C.}. Transvaal, c-l. 3 (V. 138, 189; C. 45, Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. 44) & Q (V. 150, 150, 152, 148, 149, . 155, 149; ©.?, 44, ?, 42, 41, 43, 44). m. 2 (V. 141; C. ?). —--% Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Type of Cercocalamus collaris.) 8. Aparallactus nigriceps. Uriechis nigriceps, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 623, and Reise = n. Mossamb. iii. p. 111, pl. xviii. fig. 1 (1882). —— atriceps, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii, 1862, p. 49, and Icon, Gén. 15, pl. i. fig. 4 (1866). a nigriceps, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- . Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin, Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the 201. APARALLACTUS,. 261 preocular ; one postocular; temporals 1+1 (the first sometimes absent); six upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fourth (or fourth and fifth) in contact with the parietal; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are slightly larger than the posterior and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 110-149; anal entire; subcaudals 21-40. Reddish brown above, whitish beneath; upper surface of head and nape black, the black on the nape edged with yellowish ; a pair of yellowish spots may be present behind the parietal shields; sides of head yellowish, the shields bordering the eye black. Total length 103 millim.; tail 17. Grows to 255 millim. Mozambique, Nyassaland. a. Yg. (V. 149; C. 40). Zomba, Brit. ©. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. 9. Aparallactus punctatolineatus. Uriechis capensis, part., Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 129 (1895). Aparallactus punctatolineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Similar to A. capensis, but six or seven upper labials, second and third entering the eye, fifth or fourth and fifth in contact with the parietal. Ventrals 160-161; subcaudals 36-41. Yellowish brown above, each scale darker in the centre, with three longitudinal series of large black dots ; upper surface of head and a nuchal cross-bar black. Total length 125 millim. ; tail 20. Angola and Nyassaland. a. Hgr. (V. 160; C. 36). Chiradzulu, Brit. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. C. Africa. 10. Aparallactus lineatus. Uriechis (Metopophis) lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 648, pl. i. fig. 3 . fig. 3. Aparallactus lineatus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one third as long as its distance from the frontal; asingle prefrontal, forming a suture with the preeocular; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular ; one postocular ; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, the anterior in contact with three lower labials. Scalesinl5 rows. Ventrals 168; anal entire; subcaudals 41. Olive above, with three dark longitudinal lines ; each scale of the outer series with a yellow spot; ventrals and sub- caudals closely speckled with dark grey. Total length 440 millim.; tail 57. Keta, Guinea. 262 COLUBRID. 11. Aparallactus anomalus. (Prarr XI. fig. 3.) Uriechis anomala, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xii. 1893, p. 273. Aparallactus anomalus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 173. Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral margin. Rostral twice as broad as deep, the portion visible from above one third as long as its distance from the frontal; a single prefrontal ; internasal nearly reaching the supraocular; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the preocular; one postocular ; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; anterior chin-shjelds as long as but broader than the posterior and in contact with four lower labials, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire; subcaudals 52. Pale brown above, speckled with darker ; two dorsal series of small dark brown spots ; posterior half of each scale of the outer row yellowish, surrounded by crowded dark brown dots; ventrals yellowish, speckled with dark brown in the middle; subcaudals closely speckled with dark brown. Total length 440 millim.; tail 80. Gold Coast. a. 5 (V. 170; C. 52), Gold Coast. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) 202, ELAPOPS. Elapops, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1859, p. 161; Jan, rch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, | ge Pariaspis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, pp. 241 & 566, Maxillary teeth 11 or 12, the last two a little enlarged and feebly grooved on the inner side ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil ; nostril between two nasals; no loreal; parietal in contact with labials. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. West Africa. 1. Elapops modestus. ag modestus, Giinth, Ann, §& Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1859, p. 161, reat) ig. Sn a Proe. Ac, Philad, 1860, p. 566 ; Giinth, Zool. ; p. 152. Pariaspis plumbeatra, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 242. Elapops plumbeater, , t.c. p. 566 — petersii, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys, ii. 1862, p. 82, and Icon., Gén. 13, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1865). Diameter of eye equal to or a little exceeding its distance from SUN ar Mr 4 > EF Sa ETE —-" ~ 9 oe Lo 203. ELACHISTODON. 263 the oral margin. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one przocular, in contact with the posterior nasal; one or two postoculars; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth or fifth and sixth in contact with the parietal ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 138-158; anal entire; subcaudals 36-45. Dark olive-grey above, the scales more or less distinctly edged with black ; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish, olive-grey, or yellowish dotted or spotted with grey, the spots sometimes forming a median series. Total length 540 millim. ; tail 75. West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo. a. 2 (V. 158; C. 41). W., Africa. Mr. Rich [C.]. (Type.) b-d. 2 (V.154, 150,151; W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. | P.]. C. 37, 37, 36) e. d (V. 144; C.P). Lagos. Sir A. Moloney [P.]. Ff. 2° (V. IAL; C. 44). Niger. J. W. Crosse, Esq. { P.]. g. & (V. 188; C. 45). Gaboon. h-k. 3 (V. 189, 140; Cette Cama,Gaboon. C. 44, ?) & yg. (V 156; C. 41). 1. 2 (V. 155; C. 37). Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan [C.]. Subfam. 6. ELACHISTODONTIN A, Only a few teeth on the posterior part of the maxillary and dentary bones and on the palatines and pterygoids. Some of the anterior thoracic vertebrae with the hypapophysis much developed, directed forwards, and capped with enamel. A single genus, the opisthoglyphous analogue of the aglyphous Dasypeliis. 203. ELACHISTODON. Elachistodon, Reinh. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1863, p. 206; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 362 (1890). Maxillary and mandible edentulous in front; two minute maxillary teeth followed by-a pair of small grooved teeth; eight mandibular teeth. Head scarcely distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil; posterior nasal deeply concave. Body elongate, somewhat compressed; scales smooth, in 15 rows, ver- tebral row enlarged. ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. ' Bengal... 264 COLUBRID. 1. Elachistodon westermanni. Elachistodon westermanni, Reinh. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1863, p. 206; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 444 (1864); Blanf, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 1875, p. 207 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 363 (1890). Rostral twice as broad as deep, just reaching the upper surface of the head; internasals and preefrontals subequal in size; frontal rather longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, longer than deep, entering the eye; a small preocular above the loreal; two post- oculars; two very long temporals ; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three pairs of large chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 210-217; anal eatire; subcaudals 59-65. Brown above, with a yellowish vertebral stripe ; a yellowish stripe commences on the snout and runs along each side of the head to the temporals and the angle of the mouth; an angular yellowish cross-band on the nape ; lower parts yellowish. Total length 784 millim.; tail 114. Bengal. Series C. PROTEROGLYPHA. Divided into two subfamilies :— 7. Hydrophiine.—Tail strongly compressed, with the neural spines and hypapophyses very much developed. 8, Elapine.—Tail cylindrical. Poisonous, the poison being conveyed mainly through the anterior maxillary teeth, which are so folded as to appear hollow or per- forated. Subfam. 7. HY DROPHIINA. Hydri, l, Ordn, Rept. p. 49, 1811, Hydrophide, part., Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 510. ar ya part., Lesson, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 820, Hydride, Bonaparte, Mem. Acc. Torin. (2) ii, p. 898, 1839, Hydride, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p, 35, 1849. Platycerques, Dumeril, Mém, Ac. Se. xxiii. p, 519, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1507, 1854, Hydrophidw, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 838. Hydrophide, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 107, 1868. Hydrophidew, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 352, 1864. Hydrophide, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc, xxiii, p. 480, 1886. Hydrophiine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 893, 1890. Tail strongly compressed, oar-shaped, with the neural spines and HYDROPHIIN®A. 265. hypapophyses very much developed. Hypapophyses not developed throughout the vertebral column. Body more or less compressed; eye small or very small, with round pupil. MRostral shield with two notches in the oral border, only the cleft portion of the tongue being protrusible. Marine (with the exception of one species of Distira, confined to a freshwater lake in Luzon), entering tidal streams. With the ex- ception of Platurus, specimens of which have repeatedly been found at some distance from water, these snakes are exclusively aquatic ; all are viviparous. They are confined to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, one species (Hydrus platurus) being widely distributed, but do not seem to occur on the East Coast of Africa. The habitat of the greater number extends from the Persian Gulf to the Western Tropical Pacific. “ Synopsis of the Genera. I. Maxillary not extending forwards beyond the palatine; ventral shields small or absent ; nostrils on the upper surface of the snout. A. Symphysial shield triangular, not concealed in a mental groove. 1. Maxillary longer than the lower aspect of the ectopterygoid, with 4 to 18 small teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. a. No ventral shields. Nostril in the nasal shield.......... 204, Hydrus, p. 266. Nostril between two nasals and an internasal. 205. Thalassophis, p. 268, Nostril between two nasals and the prefrontal. 206. Acalyptophis, p. 269. 6. Ventral shields distinct, at least on the anterior part of the body. a. No preocular......... . 207. Hydrelaps, p. 270. G. Preocular present. Small maxillary teeth not grooved; body often very slender “GURATIONR ian, 3 5's canes 3 Sse 208. Hydrophis, p. 271. All the maxillary teeth grooved...... 209. Distira, p. 285. 2. Maxillary not longer than the ectopterygoid, with 2 to 5 small grooved teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 210, Enhydris, p. 300. B. Symphysial shield narrow, partly concealed in a deep groove WO ERR ns ca emer ns ek < 211. Enhydrina, p. 302, 266 COLUBRID. II. Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine; ventral shields large. Nostrils on the upper surface of the snout ; nasal shields in contact with each other; maxillary a little longer than the ectopterygoid, with 8 to 10 grooved teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 212. Aipysurus, p. 303. Nostrils lateral; nasals separated by the internasals; maxillary much shorter than the ectopterygoid, with one or two small solid teeth in addition to the poison-fangs. 213. Platurus, p. 306. 204. HYDRUS. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799). Pelamis, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. vii. p. 357 (1803); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 61. Pelamis, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 165 (1830) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. "4 41 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1833 (1854) ; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 382 (1864). Fig. 19. La La ¥ S is > Vn f*) B; x Vad x Sar ts bs . a Js eee 7 ——— Skull of Hydrus platurus, -Hydrophis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1887); Jan, Elenco iat "Of. 100 (1868). oe ee Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. 4 Hydrus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 397 (1890). ; en ee = a — ee rc.’ -—e Tr Oe i eS i et ed ie peel he 204. myDRUs. 267. Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs rather short, followed, after a short interspace, by 7 or 8 solid teeth. Nostrils superior; snout long; head-shields large, nasals in contact with each other ; a preocular ; no loreal. Body rather short ; scales hexagonal or squarish, juxta- posed ; no distinct ventrals. Indian and Pacific Oceans. 1. Hydrus platurus. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xli. (1796). Anguis platura, Linn. S. N. i. p. 891 (1766). Hydrus bicolor, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 242 (1799); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 185 (1847). Hydrophis platura, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 197 (1801). Pelamis bicolor, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 366, pl. Ixxxix. (1803); Gray, Cat. p. 41 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 13835 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 382 (1864); Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 98, pl. xii. fig. 19 (1869); Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 199 (1873); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvii. (1874); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 416; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 397 (1883) ; Fisk, Proc, Zool. Soc, 1885, p. 482. Hydrophis pelamis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 508, pl. xviii. figs, 13-15 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 90, pl. viii. (1838). Pelamis ornata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 60 (1842), and Cat. p. 43. Hydrophis bicolor, Fischer, Abh, Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 61; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pls. ii. & iii. (1872). Pelamis platurus, Stolczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 92; Garm. Bull, Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 88. | Hydrus platurus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 897 (1890) ; Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 88. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep; frontal large, at least as long as the snout or the parietals; one or two pre- and two or three postoculars; one or two suboculars some- times present; temporals small and numerous; seven or. eight upper labials, second in contact with the prefrontal, fourth, fifth, or fourth and fifth usually entering the eye ; chin-shields small or indistinct. 45 to 47 scales round the body, smooth in the female and young, laterals and ventrals rough with one, two, or three small tubercles in the male. Black or brown and yellow, the markings very variable. Total length 700 millim. ; tail 80. Indian Ocean; Tropical and Subtropical Pacific. A. Yellow, with brown, black-edged cross-bands ; black bars between the cross-bands, on the sides of the belly. (P. ornata, Gray.) | a, Yg. Borneo. (Type of P. ornata. b. Yg. . India (?). wv B. Anterior third of body with a black dorsal stripe; further back, a series of transverse dorsal rhombs on the back, and black spots on the sides and belly, (Var. maculata, Jan.) a. Yg. — Zoological Society. 268 COLUBRID. C. Dorsal region black; sides and belly yellow, with a lateral series of black spots, which may be partly confluent into a stripe ; tail with dorsal and lateral spots. ‘2. India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.}. 6. Her. Panama. Haslar Collection. D. Dorsal region black, ventral region brown, the two separated by a yellow lateral stripe; tail spotted as in the preceding. a. od. Bombay. . Dr. Leith [P.}. b. Yg. Oo Sima, Loo Choo Is, M. Ferrié | C.); M. R. Oberthiir [P.}. ce. Hgr. Australia, J. Baines, Esq. [P.]. E. Black above, sides and belly yellow; tail spotted as in the preceding. (H. bicolor, Schn.) a-d. ¢. Madagascar. Sir E. Belcher [P.}. é. er Kurrachee. Kurrachee Meson eo f, Hgr Trevandrum, Travancore. H. 8S. Fe n, EK wet g. Her. Madras, T. C. Jerdon, Es i ol h,t. 2 & yg. India, Gen. Hardwicke {P-], k. Yg. Ceylon. Miss rare Beis lod. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. mn. & Siam. o. Hgr. Gulf of Siam. H.M.S. ‘ Herald.’ p-q. Her. Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P. }. r. Q. Australia. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. 8. Hgr New Georgia, Solomon Is. H.M.S. ‘ Penguin.’ t. d. as . 4' §., Long. 180° H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ u. Yg. Samoa. Rey. S. J. Whitmee [P.}. v, w. Her. New Zealand. #9. Salina Cruz, Mexico. Dr. A. CO. Buller [C.]. yd. Off coast of Ecuador. J. Py Warburton, Esq. z. Skeleton. Indian Ocean. «. Skull of 7. F, Yellow, with a black vertebral stripe, broken up into spots posteriorly ; no lateral spots on the body or tail. a. , China, b. oe Sumatra. ec, Hgr. —? G. Yellow, with a vertebral band and spots on the tail pale brown or olive. a-b. 5S & yg. Trevandrum, Travancore. H.S, Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. 205. THALASSOPHIS. Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh, Naturw, Hamb, ii, 1852, p. 75. Hydrophis, part., Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 41; Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 109 (1863) ; Giimth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 360 (1864). Pe a de te =. i“ RS ANN eet Oe RN OR ~-\ —— en pa > <_— -* «ae se 206. AOLLYPTOPRIB. 269 | Poison-fangs followed by 5 small teeth, the anterior of which are grooved. Snout short; nostrils superior, between two nasals and an internasal, a pair of elongate internasals separating the nasals ; frontal and parietal shields large; preocular present; no loreal. Body rather elongate; scales hexagonal, juxtaposed; no distinct ventrals. Coast of Java. 1. Thalassophis anomalus. Thalassophis anomalus, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p- 81, pl. iv. ydropes anomala, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 58 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 879 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 40, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1872), Rostral broken up into several small shields ; internasals narrow, elongate, longer than the preefrontals, as long as the frontal; latter shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; seven or eight upper labials, second largest and in contact with the prefrontal, third entering the eye, fourth and fifth separated from the eye by sub- oculars; two pairs of small chin-shields, the posterior separated from each other by two scales. Scales with a strong tubercular keel, which is double on the median ventral row, 31 to 33 round the body. Body with dark annuli, wider on the back. Total length 810 millim. ; tail 84. Java. 206. ACALYPTOPHIS. Acalyptus (non Schénh.), Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 18538, p. 522, and Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1839 (1854) ; Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 387; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 108 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 859 (1864). Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs moderate, followed, after a short interspace, by 8 or 9 solid teeth. Snout short; nostrils superior, between two nasals and the prefrontal ; the larger nasals in contact with each other; frontal and parietal shields broken up into scales; preeocular present; no loreal, Body rather elongate ; scales subimbricate ; no distinct ventrals. Western Tropical Pacific Ocean. 1. Acalyptophis peronii. Acalyptus peronii, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 522. superciliosus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1840 (1854); Giinth. bes Brit. Ind. p. 359 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gién, 40, pl. ii. fig. 2 ). Head rather small. Diameter of neck one third to two fifths the greatest depth of the body. Kye a little longer than its 270: | COLUBRID. distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep ; nasals as long as the prefrontals; supraocular raised, its free border pointed; one pre- and three postoculars; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other. 22 to 24 scales round the neck, 25 to 30 round the body; scales with a short keel, which is strong and tubercular in the males. Greyish or pale olive above, whitish beneath, with dark cross-bands, narrower than the interspaces between them, tapering to a point on the sides of the belly ; belly uniform or with a series of dark cross-bars alternating with spots. Total length 890 millim.; tail 115, Western Tropical Pacific. a. od. Hong Kong. Dr. J. G. Fischer, b. 2. —? Dr. Giinther [P.]. 207. HYDRELAPS. Maxillary longer than the lower aspect of the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far asthe palatine; poison-fangs moderate, followed, after an interspace, by 6 solid teeth. Snout short; nostrils superior, in a single nasal which is in contact with its fellow ; head-shields large; no loreal or preocular, the prefrontal bordering the eye. Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed ; scales imbricate ; ventrals small but well-developed. North Coast of Australia, 1, Hydrelaps darwiniensis. (Prare XII. fig. 1.) Eye extremely small, about half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals, its lateral sides diverging posteriorly; a single postocular ; temporals 1+2, anterior very large and descending between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs of small chin-shields, in contact with each other, the anterior shorter than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, imbricate, in 27 to 29 rows on the neck as well as on the body, Ventrals 170-172. Annulate blackish and yellowish white, the black rings broader than the white above, narrower beneath; head dark olive, spotted with black. Total length 435 millim.; tail 43. North Australia, a-b. 2 (V.170,172). Port Darwin. _R. G. 8, Buckland, Esq. [P.]. 208. HYDROPHIs. 271 f 208. HYDROPHIS. Hydrus, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 233 (1799) ; Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 165 (1830). ; Hydrophis, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. vii. p. 872 (1803) ; Wagler, lc. ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 488 (1887) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 49 (1849) ; Dum. § Bair. Erp. Gé. vii. p. 1841 (1854); Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 41; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 109 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 360 (1864). Pelamis, part., Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 188 (1820). Enhydris, part., Merr. 1. c. p. 140. Disteira, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. BS 29 (1826). Microcephalophis, Lesson, in Bélang. Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 320 (1834); Gray, Cat. p. 46. Liopala, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 60 (1842). Aturia, part., Gray, l. c. p. 61. Thalassophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75. Hydrophis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 898 (1890). Maxillary longer than the ectopterygoid, not extending forwards as far as the palatine; poison-fangs large, followed by a series of 7 to 18 solid teeth. Head small; nostrils superior, pierced in-a single nasal shield, which is in contact with its fellow ; head-shields large ; preocular present; loreal usually absent. Body long, often very slender anteriorly ; scales on the anterior part of the body imbricate ; ventrals more or less distinct, very small. Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Persian Gulf to Southern China and Northern Australia. Synopsis of the Species. I, Head moderately small; neck moderately slender, its diameter not less than half the greatest depth of the body. A. A single anterior temporal. Scales imbricate, 38-35round the body 1. spiralis, p. 273. Scales juxtaposed, 45 round the body. 2. polyodontus, p. 274. B. Two superposed anterior temporals., 1. 32 scales round the neck, 43-47 round the body. Frontal slightly longer than broad, about as long as the nasals ...... 3. schistosus, p. 274. Frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the siiab! o0. eet es tees 54 4, hybridus, p. 274. 2. 28-30 scales round the neck, 34 round the body. 5. longiceps, p. 275. II. Head very small; neck very slender, its diameter not half the greatest depth of the body. A. Two superposed anterior temporals; ventrals 285-331. 1. 34-38 scales round the neck. b, Six upper labials. Rostral broader than deep ; posterior chin-shields separated by scales Rostral broader than deep; posterior chin-shields in contact with each EU RR cP ei DOE Madde es ene Rostral as deep as broad; posterior chin-shields in contact with each Co er ia eae Sg whe hue 14, coronatus, p. 279. 272 COLUBRID. my is x Frontal shorter than its distance from a 4 the rostral ; 48-50 scales round the - GUA pumas hip eis yg. (V. 164; O, aed (Vv. 168; C.47). Queensland. Ff. Yg.(V.175; 0.44), Parramatta, N.S.Wales. A. P) Butler, Esq. g. 3 (V. 166; C.?). New South Wales. Im or gen h,t,k. g (V.168; C. New South Wales (?). G. Krefft, Esq. [P.}. 43), Q (V.179; ©. 41), & yg. (V. 168; C, 42 1. Q(V.191; 0.43). Australia, wee Richardson m,n. 2 (V. 208,193; Australia. Haslar Collection, — C. 40, 45). 7. Pseudelaps warro. Cacophis warro, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. i. 1884, p. 189. Rostral broad and low ; frontal broad, acute-angled behind ; nasal single, short, widely separated from the preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 242; seven upper labials, third and fourth in contact with the prefrontal, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 143; anal divided; subcaudals 15(?). Brown, many of the scales irregularly edged with darker; a very broad lunate blackish collar on the nape; upper surface of head, except the tips of the parietal shields, dark, but paler than the nuchal collar. Port Curtis, Queensland. 8. Pseudelaps sutherlandi. Brachysoma sutherlandi, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensi. i. 1884, p- 1389. Rostral broad; frontal acute-angled behind; nasal single, in contact with the preocular ; a single anterior temporal; six upper labials. Scales in'17 rows. Ventrals 160; anal divided; sub- caudals 40. Red-brown above, yellow beneath ; a broad lunate blackish nuchal collar, edged with lighter; faint bars across the head, body, and tail. Norman River, Queensland. 217. DIEMENTA. Elaps, part., Schleg. Phys. . li, p. 435 (1837). Tigiaaate: bray, Look. M ssoelh p. 54 (1842). ” Pseudelaps, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Mém, Ac. Sci. xxiii. 1858, p. 517 and. Jip Gén. vii. p. 1231 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 116 (1863). Furina, part., Dum. § Bibr. Ul. cc. pp. 517, 1286, Demansia, part., Giinth, Cat. Col, Sn. p. 211 (1858). Pseudonaja, Giinth, 1. c. p. 227. Diemansia, Giinth. 1. c, p. 254, Diemenia, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 350; Krefft, Sn, Austral. p. 88 (1869), 217. DIEMENIA, 321 P Elapocephalus (non Giinth.), Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. We ii. 1878, p. 221. tg 2 as ac Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. W. ix. 1884, Pp: ‘ Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed, after an interspace, by 7 to 15 small grooved teeth; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head slightly distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis; eye moderate or large, with round pupil; nasal entire or divided; frontal elongate; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 to 19 rows (more on the neck) ; belly rounded. Tail moderate or long ; subcaudals all or most in two rows. Australia and New Guinea. Fig. 24. = Maxillary and mandible of Diemenia psammophis. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 15 rows ; rostral just visible from above, A. Anal divided. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; inter- nasals at least half as long as the preotroptals 9... ce eE SU ok elles Rostral a little broader than deep; inter- | nasals more than half as long as the PIMIPONGIIS i ic ake x domulels tes 2. torquata, p. 323. Rostral considerably broader than deep ; internasals not more than half as long as the preefrontals ........... eseee 8. olwaced, Pp. 323. Bie, ATA CIALG $6.5 «jena thre wos 4. ornaticeps, p. 324. II, Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; ventrals 154-165 ...... 5. modesta, p. 324. ‘Portion of rostral visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; ventrals 190-232...... nih Td o-u « Capeeban teed an 6. tewtilis, p. 325. Portion of rostral visible from above as as long as its distance from the frontal ; ventrals 184-224 ........ Me eedews 7. nuchalis, p. 326. VOL. III. a 4 1. psammophis, p. 322. 322 COLUBRID. 1, Diemenia psammophis. Ela mophis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 455 (1887), and Abbild. <3 J pl. lv. fig. 14 (1844). Lycodon reticulatus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 54 (1842). Demansia reticulata, Gray, J. c.; Giinth. Cat. p, 212 (1858). Pseudelaps psammophidius, Dum. § Bibi, vii. p. 1234 (1854), Demansia psammophis, Giinth, 1. ¢. Pseudelaps psammophis, Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 178 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén, 48, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1873). Diemenia psammophis, Krefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 42 (1865); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 80 (1867); Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 3, and Sn, Austral. p. 38 (1869). reticulata, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 40, pl. xii. fig. 10. —— papuensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 40. Eye large. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above ; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the preefrontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two (rarely three) post- oculars; temporals 242, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows (17 to 20 on the neck). Ventrals 170-225; anal divided ; subcaudals 69-105. Coloration very variable; lower surface of tail, at the end, yellow or orange; young with a dark line across the rostral, gradually disappearing with age, and two oblique dark- edged yellow streaks, one in front, the other behind the eye. Total length 1420 millim. ; tail 340. South-eastern New Guinea and Australia. A. Olive-brown above, the scales narrowly edged or tipped with black; belly greyish or pale olive, darker along the median line. (D. psammophis, Schleg.) a. 9 (V. 176; C. 72). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. b 9 (V.176; 0.74). ——P : Rea [FJ B. Olive or reddish brown to blackish above, the scales narrowly edged or tipped with black, some with light outer edge; ventrals olive or dark plumbeous-grey, darker along the margins. (D. psammophis, Gthr. ; D. papuensis, Macl.) a-b. 3 (V.178; 0.78)& Fly R., Brit. New Rey. S. Macfarlane 9 (V. 173; 0.?). Guinea. (Ci. ec. d (V. 178; C. 81). Port Moresby, Brit, Rey. W. G. Turner [C.], New Guinea. d. dg (V.175; ©. 79). oe Cape H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ Ork, af. (V. 179, 210; Port Essington, Lord Derby [P.]. C. 78, 105). g. d (V. 193; ©. 85). Daly River. Dr. Dahl [C.]; Christiania Mus, [E.], A. Skull of a. a. le eee 217. DIEMENIA, 323 C. Pale olive above, each scale edged with black, the black forming a reticulate pattern; uniform yellowish white beneath. (D. retic- ulata, Gray.) a, b-c, d-e. & (V. 181, Australia. (Types of D. reticulata.) 176; C. 78, 72) & 2 ; (V. 188, 180, 189; ©. 71, 70, 70). . 9 (V. 186; C. 72). N.W. Australia, g- 3 (V.177; C. 75). W. Australia. h. 2 (V. 188; C. 69). Swan River. 2. Diemenia torquata. Demansia torquata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 130, pl. ix. fig. 10. Diemenia torquata, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 48, pl. xii. fig. 11 (1869). Kye large. MRostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals three fifths to two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 191-203; anal divided ; subcaudals 75-81. Olive above, most of the scales black at the base; head dark olive or black above, the sides of the snout and the postoculars yellowish white; a black streak from eye to eye across the rostral; a black streak from below the eye to the commissure of the mouth; labials black-edged; a black or dark olive band, edged with yellow, across the nape; lower surface of head variegated with black; belly olive or plumbeous, with a darker median streak ; end of tail orange. Total length 580 millim.; tail 145. N.E. Australia. a. 2 (V. 208; C. 81). Percy Id. F, Ls Rayner, Esq. [P.]. (Type) b. Yg. (V. 196; C. 75). Rockhampton. c. Yg. (V. 191; C. 76). Queensland. Dr. Lag [C.]; H.M.S. ¢ Alert.’ 3. Diemenia olivacea. (Puare XVIII. fig. 2.) Lycodon olivaceus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 54 (1842). Demansia olivacea, Giinth. Cat. p. 212 (1858). Diemenia olivacea, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 39, pl. vi. fig, 9 (1869) ; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878, p. 408. ? Diemenia atra, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ix. 1884, p. 549. Diemenia angusticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) iii. 1888, p. 417. Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; x2 324 COLUBRID. internasals not more than half the length of the prefrontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, twice to twice and a half as long as broad, considerably longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials, and sometimes reaching the lip; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 162-215; anal divided ; subcaudals 79-99. Olive, reddish brown, or dark brown above, most of the scales black at the base, some with light edges ; snout and sides of the head speckled or vermiculated with dark brown, and with an oblique dark streak below the eye to beyond the commissure of the jaws; these markings disappearing in full- grown specimens ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or speckled with olive, throat and anterior ventrals spotted with blackish in the young ; tail yellow or reddish. Total length 1010 millim. ; tail 240. Northern Australia and New Guinea. a, b. 3 (V. 163, 174; N.E. Australia, Sir J. Richardson [P.]. C. 95, 86 . 95, 86). (Types.), e-d. g (V. 175; C. 97) Port Darwin. R. G. 8, Buckland, Esq. & 9 (V. 215; ©. 99). [C.}. e. Yg. (V. 162; C.79). Australia. Diemenia atra of Macleay is probably founded on a melanotic specimen of this species. 4. Diemenia ? ornaticeps. Elapocephalus ornaticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc, N.S.W. ii, 1878, p. 221. Elapocranium ornaticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ix. 1884, p. 560. . Eye large. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 187; anal entire; subcaudals 90. Pale slate-colour above, each scale tipped with red ; head brown, each shield beautifully marked ‘with variously shaped white-margined black patches ; an orange collar on the nape; slaty white beneath, head and neck barred and spotted with black; end of tail yellow. Total length 255 millim. ; tail 65. Port Darwin, Northern Australia. 5. Diemenia modesta. Mea hs oto Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 35, pl. iii. fig. C. Furina ramsayi, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. x. 1885, p. 61. _Eye moderate. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the pre- 217, DIFMENIA, 325 frontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, once and two~ thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; one or two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Seales in 17 rows (19 or 20 on the neck). Ventrals 154-165; anal divided; subcaudals 38-51 pairs. Pale olive above, with or without a few widely separated blackish cross-lines; young with a black band across the head and another across the nape, separated by a yellow band, and a yellow blotch in front of the eye; these markings becoming indistinct with age; yellowish white beneath, with or without small dark spots. Total length 435 millim, ; tail 80, Western Australia. a. aan 3 (V.154; Perth. Mr. Duboulay [C.]. ) ). 48). b. Hgr. o (V. 157; W. Australia. Dr. Giinther [P.]. ats 8 ( 'e ustralia r. Giinther [P.] \ (Ty pes.) c. Her, 9 (V. 165; N.W. Australia 42). : J d. Yg.(V.156; C.?). N.W. Australia. Capt. Beckett [P.]. e-f. 3 (V. 158, 156; Geraldton, W. Mr. E. H. Saunders [C.]. C. 51, 50). Australia, 6. Diemenia textilis. Furina textilis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1242 (1854); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 79 (1867). Pseudoelaps superciliosus, Fischer, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. iii. 1856, p- 107, pl. ii. fig. 3; Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 511, and Leon. Gén. 43, pl. iv. tig. 1 (1873). Demansia annulata, Giinth. Cat. p. 213 (1858), and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 24. Pseudoelaps sordellii, Jan, Rev.§ May. Zool. 1859, p. 127, and Prodr, pl. C (1859). kubingii, Jan, ll,-ce. Pseudonaja textilis, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 149. Diemansia kubingii, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 53. Diemenia superciliosa, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 17, fig., and Zool. Rec. 1867, p. 142; Krefft, Sn. Austral. pp. 41 & 51, pl. vii. & pl. xi. fig. 10 (1869) ; McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 3, p. 11, pl. xxiii. fig. 1 (1879) ; Zretz, Trans. R. Soc. S. Austral. x. 1888, p-.3800 ; F. Mill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1889, p. 696. .. Diemansia (Pseudelaps) superciliosa, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1863, . 234, Eaacghis guentherii, Steind. 1. c. p. 91, fig. Pseudoelaps beckeri, Jan, Icon. Gen. 43, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1873). textilis, Jan, 1. c. pl. v, fig. 5. Furina cucullata, McCoy, op. cit., Dec. 4, p. 18, pl. xxxii. (1879). __ Eye moderate, rather large in the young. Rostral nearly as deep _as broad, the portion visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the preefrontals ; frontal not. broader than the 326 COLUBRID. supraocular, once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; nasal entire (rarely divided), in contact with the single preocular; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (20 to 23 on the neck). Ventrals 190-2382 ; anal divided; subcaudals 46-73, all or most in pairs. Adult uniform pale brown or dark olive-brown above, whitish or olive beneath ; young with a black blotch on the crown, separated from a large black blotch on the nape by an orange cross-band ; belly spotted with brown or black. Total length 1700 millim.; tail 290. Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Victoria. A. No cross-bars on the body. a. do (V. 215; C. 69). New South Wales. nee Institute [P.]. b. Her. (V. 220; C. 67). New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.|. ce. Hgr. (V. 207; C. 67). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.}. d. Her. (V. 202; C. 64). Sandhurst, Victoria. Col. Beddome [C.]. e. Yg. (V. 202; ©, 66). Adelaide. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. t. Yg. (V. 197; C. 67). Adelaide. Prof. Peters rp. ; g. Yg. (V. 213; C. 52). Adelaide. Rev. T. S. Lea [P.]. h. 2 (V. 218; C. 68). Norfolk Id. Sir A. Smith [P.]. B. Body with black cross-bars. > ata (V. 200, 194; New South Wales. Imperial Institute [P.]. . 66, 61). e. Yg. (V. 195; C. 60). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 194; C. 68), Sydney. Dr. Corrie ir ; e. Yg. (V.193; C.71). Australia. Rk. W. Willan, Esq. PP} (Type of . annulata.) 7. Yg. (V. 191; C. 64). Australia. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 7. Diemenia nuchalis. Pseudonaja nuchalis, Giinth. Cat, p. 227 (1858), and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 17, fig. ; MeCoy, Ann. f Mag. N. H. (8) xx. 1867, p. 182; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 44, pl. xii. fig. 18 (1869) ; Macleay, Proe. err Soc. = W. ii. 1878, p. 219; De Vis, Proc. R. Soe. Queensl. i. , p. 58. f affinis, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 85, pl. iv. fig. C. Diemenia aspidorhyncha, McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Viet., Dec. 8, p. 18, pl. xxiii. fig. 4 (1879). Eye moderate, Rostral deeper than broad, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds to three fourths the length of the parietals; nasal entire or semidivided, in contact with the single prwocular; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the 218. PsEUDECHIS. 327 eye, sixth very large. Scales in 17 or 19 rows (20 to 23 on the neck), Ventrals 184-224; anal divided ; subcaudals 55-65 pairs. Adult uniform brown above, or blackish with pale brown cross- bands, yellowish beneath, uniform, or with small red spots; young with a dark brown blotch covering the crown and followed by another on the nape, and small brown spots on the belly. Total length 1400 millim.; tail 200. Australia, ; A. Body with cross-bands. a. sd oo (Sc.17; V. 202; Port Essington. Lord Derby [P.]. (Type.) b. Ve, le. 17; V. 220; N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson [P.]. C. 65). (Type-) B. No cross-bands on the body. a 3 (Se. 17; V. 184; N.W. Australia. R. Bynoe, Esq. [C.]; C. 59). Sir J. Richardson (P.]._ (Type.) b. ey (Sc. 17; V. 223; C. Geraldton, W. Mr. E. H. Saunders [C. ]. 61). Australia. ¢. a, (Se. 19; V. 224; Swan River. Dr. Giinther [P.]. 61). d. a Se eg 19; V. 216; Australia. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.] 63). (Type of P. affinis.) 218. PSEUDECHIS. Trimeresurus, part., Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, p. 209; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p- 1244 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p- 118 (1863). Hurria, part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Herp. p. 92 (1820). Pseudechis, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 171 (1830) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p- 217 (1858); Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 45 (1869). Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by 2 to 5 small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 to 23 rows (more on the neck) ; belly rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows or partly single, partly in two rows. Australia and New Guinea. Synopsis of the Species. I, Anal divided ; anterior subcaudals single (exceptionally divided) ; scales in 17 to 21 rows on the body. A. Scales in 17 rows on the body. 1. Frontal longer than broad, Frontal. once and one fourth to once and two thirds as long as broad, as 328 COLUBRID2. long as its distance from the rostral ; latter shield scarcely broader than deep; ventrals 180-200; sub- DAM UO a place ose et sss 1. porphyriacus, p. 328. Frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; rostral scarcely broader than deep; ventrals 199- * 210; subcandals 57-72.........; 2. cupreus, p. 329, Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral; latter shield considerably broader than deep; ventrals 199-220; sub- caudals 57-70 ...cscesesnes .-. 93. australis, p. 330. 2. Frontal quite as broad as long; ventrals 212; subcaudals 64-64. .sccespbe cseneee 4 darwiniensis, p. 330. B. Scales in 19 or 21 rows on the body ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; rostral considerably broader than deep ; ventrals 221-224 ; subcaudals 49-55.. 5. papuanus, p. 331. II. Anal entire; subcaudals all in pairs; scales in 23 rows on the body ; ventrals 230-237 ; subcaudals 61-78. Frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout .......-.eeeee 6. scutellatus, p. 331. Frontal once and a half as long as ' broad, as long as its distance from the rostral ,.....sc.e0s seescaeee 7. microlepidotus, p. 332. III. Anal divided ; subcaudals all in pairs; scales in 23 rows on the body; ventrals 235; subcaudals 60. 8. ferow, p. 332. 1. Pseudechis porphyriacus. Coluber porphyriacus, Shaw, Zool. N. Holl. p. 27, pl. x. (1794), and Zool. ii. p, 423, pl.’ex. (1802), eee See Trimeresurus leptocephalus, Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, pp. 196 & 209, pl. lvi. fig. I. Coluber (Hurria) “nee hem Merr. Tent. p. 92 (1820). Duberria Lire bey, itzing. N. Class, Rept. p. 56 (1826), - : areaOr is tortor, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Look ii. p. 55, Rept. pl. vi. Naje Fo inca Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 479, pl. xvii. figs. 6 & 7 Trimeresurus hyri¢us, Guér. Icon. R, A., Rept. p. 15, pl. xxiv. fig. 1 (1 aaah y ’ » feept. p »?P J 218, psEUDECHIS. 829 Naja porphyrea, Schleg. Abbild. p. 139, pl. xlviii. figs, 11-13 (1844). Trimeresurus porphyreus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1247 (1854); Jan, Icon, Gén. 44, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1873). Pseudechis porphyriacus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 218 (1858). porphyriacus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1868, p. 362 ; Krefft, Sn. Sydney, p. 46 (1865) ; Gtinth. Zool, Rec. 1865, p. 156 ; Rrefft, Sn. Austral. p. 46, pl. viii. (1869); MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. he Dee. 1, p. 5, pl. i. (1878), and Dee. 15, p. 159, pl. elxii. fig. 2 (1887). Eye rather small, its diameter nearly equalling its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). Rostralas deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the prefrontals; frontal rather small, not broader than the - supraocular, once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, three fifths to two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single prxocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3, first lower very large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labial ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (18 to 21 on the neck). Ventrals 180-200; anal divided; subcaudals 50-60, first 5 to 20 entire, rest in pairs (exceptionally all divided). Black above; outer row of scales red at the base; ventrals red, edged with black. Total length 1580 millim. ; tail 210. Eastern, Western, and Southern Australia. a. § (V. 190; C. 55). New South Wales. Imperial Institute [P.]. (V. 189; C, 56). New South Wales, Christiania Museum. b 3 ce: 2 (V. 181; C.?). Australia, « . Capt. Stokes [P.]. > d. 6 (V.191; C. 59). = Australia. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. e. 2 (V. 187; C.?). * Australia. ‘ College of Surgeons. f-h, i. 2 (V. 184,187; Australia. C. 56, 53) & her. _ (V. 180, 183 ; C, 58, 55). k. Skull. Australia. 2. Pseudechis cupreus. Pseudechis australis (non Gray), Krefft, Vert. Low. Murray, p. 32 (1865) ; McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 15, p. 159, pl. exlii. (1887). —— australis, part., Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 8, and Sn. Austral, p. 47 (1869). Intermediate between P. porphyriacus and P. australis. Rostral slightly broader than deep; internasals half as long as the pre- frontals; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the 330 _ COLUBRID. single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 14+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth, sixth largest; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 17 rows (25 on the neck). Ventrals 199-— 210; anal divided; subcaudals 57-72, 11 to 34 anterior entire, rest in pairs. Reddish or coppery brown above, brownish white or orange below, all the scales and shields edged with brown. Total length 1830 millim. ; tail 300. Murray River. 3. Pseudechis australis. Naja australis, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 55 (1842). Pseudechis porphyriacus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 218 (1858). australia Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 362. australis, pert ‘Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 8, and Sn. Austral. p. 47, pl. vi. fig. 11 (1869). Eye rather small, its diameter nearly equalling its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal small, not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows (19 or 20 on the neck). Ventrals 199-220; anal divided; subcaudals 57-70, 26 to 41 anterior single, rest in pairs. Uniform pale brown above, yellowish beneath. Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 170. Northern Australia, a. 2 (V. 206; C. 65). N.E. Australia. (Type.) b. Hgr. 9 (V. ?; ©. Victoria R. N. Dr. Dahl [C.]: Chris- 60). Australia, tiania Museum * [E.}. ce. d (V. 220; C. 70). —? 4, Pseudechis darwiniensis. Pseudechis darwiniensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1878, p. 220, & (2) iii. 1888, p. 416. Of more elongate form than P. porphyriacus. Head-shields much the same as in that species, but frontal quite as broad as long and much wider than the supraocular, Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals * A second specimen, 825 millim. long, was obtained by Dr. Dahl on the Daly River, and is preserved in the Christiania Museum, It 1s a female, with 205 ventrals and 59 subcaudals, 37 of which are single. _———) nae 218. PSEUDECHIS. 331 212; subcaudals 54-64 (34-49 single and 15-30 pairs). Upper surface of head pale brown, of body and tail reddish brown, the middle of each scale being of a lighter colour than the apex ; lower parts uniform yellowish white. Total length 910 millim. ; tail 140.. Port Darwin, Northern Australia. 5. Pseudechis papuanus. Pseudechis papuanus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p- 409 Eye small, its diameter less than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third its distance from the frontal; internasals two thirds the length of the preefrontals; frontal small, as broad as the supra- ocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, half as long as the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior very large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows (26 or 27 on the neck). Ventrals 221-224; anal divided ; subcaudals 49-55 (26-27 single and 23-28 pairs). Uniform blackish, chin whitish. Total length 1900 millim.; tail 21. South-eastern New Guinea. a. Head and neck of adult. Port Moresby. Rev. W. G. Turner [C.]. 6. Pseudechis scutellatus. Pseudechis scutellatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 710. Eye moderate, its diameter exceeding its distance from the mouth. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as the supraocular, twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as- long as or shorter than the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular, which is single or divided ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3, first lower wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 23 rows (25 to 30 on the neck). Ventrals 230-233 ; analentire; subcaudals 61-78 pairs. Pale brown or blackish brown above ; snout and sides of head paler brown or yellowish; belly yellowish, with very in- distinct small dark spots in the young. 332 COLUBRID, Total length 1070 millim,; tail 240. The type measures 2230 millim. South-eastern New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Australia *, a-b. 2(V. 233, 230; C, 63,61), Fly River, Rev. S, Macfarlane [C.]. 7. Pseudechis microlepidotus. Diemenia microlepidota, MeCoy, Prodr, Zool. Vict., Dec. 3, p. 12, pl. xxiii. figs. 2.& 3 (1879). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals, not in contact with the preocular ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single pre- ocular ; two postoculars; six upper labials, third and fourth enter- ing the eye. 30 to 36 scales across the neck, 23 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 232-237; anal entire; subcaudals 61-66 pairs. Dark brown above, yellowish grey below, the ventral shields edged and blotched with dark grey ; head sometimes blackish. Total length 1850 millim ; tail 250. Northern Victoria. 8. Pseudechis ferox, Diemenia ferox, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vi. 1881, p. 812. Snout very broadly rounded, Rostral broad and low; internasals very much smaller than the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, broader than the supraccular ; one preocular, deeply grooved ; two postoculars ; second upper labial touching the prefrontal; last upper labial very large. Scales in 23 rows on the body. Ventrals 235; anal divided; subcaudals 60 pairs, Glossy black above, yellowish white beneath. Total length 2030 millim. ; tail 300, Fort Bourke, New South Wales. 219. DENISONIA. | Elaps, part., Schl. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 485 (1887). Auielo tack Paet} oar. ioc & ‘Bib rp. Gén. vii, p. 1249 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 116 (1863). ey arene part., Gtinth, Cat, Col, Sn. p. 218 (1858) ; Krefft, nm. Austral, p. 53 (1869). Pi Proc. Zool, Soc, 1869, p. 821, and 1. ¢. p. 82. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by 3 to 5 small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head more or less distinct from neck; eye moderate or small, with round or vertically elliptic pupil; a * I have examined a young specimen (V.230; O. 78) from Mt, Showbridge, N. Australia, collected by Dr. Dahl for the Christiania Woman Denisonia, Kre 219. DENISONIA. 333 nasal entire or divided; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 to 19 rows; belly rounded. ‘Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals single (in one species in two rows). Australia, Tasmania, Solomon Islands. Synopsis of the Species. I, Anal entire; frontal not much broader than the supraocular, once and a half to twice and two thirds as long as broad ; pupil round. A. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; nasal in contact with the preocular. 1. Ventrals 136-160; subcaudals 38-57; scales in 15 (ex- ceptionally 17) rows. Frontal once and three fourths to twice as long as broad; ventrals 145-160 .. 1. superba, p. 335. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad; ventrals 138-151; a black muehal collar ...6. 1.600 ee eves 2. coronata, p. 335. Frontal twice to thrice as long as broad; - scales striated ; ventrals 136-151 .... 3. coronoides, p. 336. 2. Ventrals 118; scales in 17 rows. 4. muelleri, p. 337. B. Scales in 19 rows; nasal not reaching the preocular ; ventrals 167; subcaudals 35 ........... 5. frenata, p. 338. Il. Anal divided ; frontal much longer than broad; pupil round. A. Scales in 15 rows; nasal not reaching the preocular ; ventrals 164; subcaudals 51............ 6. ramsayi, p. 338. B. Scales in 17 rows; nasal in contact with the preocular. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad ; ventrals 153-170 ; sub- ebudals 41-66 1. 0s fda ae as 7. signata, p. 338. Frontal once and a half as long as broad ; ventrals 147-168 ; subcaudals 33-45.. 8. demelii, p. 339, III. Anal entire; frontal much broader than the supraocular, once and one fifth to once and three fourths as long as broad ; pupil often vertically elliptic or subelliptic. A. Scales in 19 rows; ventrals 154-164; subcaudals 25-30. Nasal in contact with the prwocular .... 9. suta, p. 339. Nasal not reaching the prewocular ...... 10. frontalis, p. 340. B. Seales in 17 rows; ventrals 121-138; subcaudals 20-30. Anterior chin-shields as long as the pos- tOFLOl . .pissigas } Co wets RED ds © 11. flagellum, p. 340.' Anterior chire-nliohdis shorter than the posterior ..... be du’ pawyetete carte 12, maculata, p. 341. 334 COLUBRID, C. Scales in 15 rows. 1, Frontal once and three fourths as long as broad; ventrals 160; subcaudals 25 ...., ..+ 13. punetata, p. 341, 2. Frontal not more than once and a half as long as broad. a. Eye at least as long as its distance from the mouth, a. Nasal in contact with the preocular. Ventrals 140-170 ; subcaudals 22-33 .. 14. gouldii, p. 342. Ventrals 170-200 ; subcaudals 30-46 .. 15. nigrescens, p. 343. Ventrals 180-184; subcaudals 50-64 .. 16. nigrostriata, p. 343. 3. Second labial in contact with the prefrontal ; ventrals 166-183 ; subcaudals 31-43. 17. carpentaria, p. 344, b. Eye hardly as long as its distance from the mouth; ventrals 170-178 ; subcaudals 37-38. 18. pallidiceps, p. 344, IV. Anal divided ; frontal much broader than the supraocular, as long as broad or a little longer than broad ; ventrals 164-172 ; subcaudals 38-49. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; subcaudals a eee ca Oe 19. melanura, p. 345. Scales in 16 rows; subcaudals single.... 20. par, p. 345, Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals paired .. 21. woodfordii, p, 346, TABLE sHOWING NumBERS oF ScAaLEs AND SHIELDS, Se. v. A. C Lab. BOOS | cavsresicyestes 15 (17) 145-160 1 41-50 6 COTONALG ..cccccccsecees 15 138-151 1 38-51 6 COTONOIMES oo .ceceeeeee ee |) 136-151 1 42-57 6 MUELEri ......ceceeeees 17 118 1 38 6 Srenata. vecrececsesseee 19 167 l 35 6 TAMBAYL oe ccereesseeees 15 164 ‘2 51 6 BIQNALA serisssereseees 17 153-170 2 41-56 6 d@mMelii ..ccecsccsecee: 17 147-168 2 83-45 6 SF adi ditersinetnvesdh an 19 157-164 1 25-30 6 PONCEIEE eis sescenneneve 19 154 1 30 6 flagellum ...ceccesereee 17 132-138 1 25-27 6 We cvdtcesssonss 17 121-136 1 20-30 6 PUNCLALD ooseessesseess: 15 160 1 25 6 GOUME — esreceerseeee 15 140-170 1 22-33 6 NAGTESCENS ss eeseeeeee 15 170-200 1 30-46 6 MAGVOSETIALA.. 662000000: 15 180-184 l 50-64 6 CATPENLATIA...000000+: 15 166-183 1 31-43 6 pallidiceps spebtashesie 15 170-178 1 87-38 6 MELANUTA....00c0re0e00 15-17 165-171 2 38-48 7 F cena vat rena vaelnahe? 16 164-166 2 40-49 7 woodfordii ... cscs 17 166-172 2 41-45 7 219. DENISONIA, 3835 1. Denisonia superba. Alecto curta, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1252 (1854). Hoplocephalus superbus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 217 (1858). superbus, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 54, pl. xi. fig. 9 (1869) ; McCoy, Prodr, Zool. Vict., Dec. 1, p. 7, pl. 11. (1878)., Alecto schmidtii, Jan, Icon. Gén. 44, pl. i. fig. 4 (18738). Hoplocephalus bransbyi, Macleay, Bros Linn, Soc. N.S. W. iii. 1878, p. 52. ? Hoplocephalus vestigiatus, De Vis, Proc, R, Soc. Queensl, i, 1884, p- 138. Eye as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows. Ventrals 145-160; anal entire; subcaudals 41-50. Brownish to dark olive above, the scales often edged with darker; lateral scales often yellow or salmon-red; ventrals yellowish or greyish olive, blackish at the base. Young with a black nuchal blotch or collar, which may be bordered behind with yellow; lips yellow, largely spotted with black. Total length 1010 millim. ; tail 160. New South Wales, Southern Australia, Tasmania. a,b,c. $(V. 153,148; Australasia, ‘ Erebus & Terror’ ) C. 48, 45) & 9 (V. Exped, ' 155; C. 46). d. g (V.149; C.41). Tasmania, ACB Smith, Esq. Fal, e-f. ¢ (V. 150,147; Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [ P.]. (Types,) C. 47, 46). g-t. 6 (V.150; C. 45), Australia, QV. 153; C. 48), & yg.( V. 153; C, 45). ‘ k. Yg. (V.145; 0.44), Australia. College of Surgeons. 1, Yg. (V.150;C.49). Burrawang, New J. J. Miatcher, Esq. [P.]. South Wales. m. 10 embryos, Mt. Monda, Vic- P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.]. torla. nm. Skull. Australia, 2. Denisonia coronata. Elaps coronatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 454 (1837), and 142, 142, 140, 148, 144; C. 45, 50, 49, 53, 57, 45), & her. (V. 144, 143, 141; C. 49, 49, 54). r= k-l. 2 (V. 147, 148; C. 54, Tasmania. A. J. Smith, Esq. S| 42). P.). [ e m. d (V. 148; C. 56). Tasmania. Zookciical Society. zs n. 2 (V. 147; C. 48). Swan R. o. 2 (V. 141; C. 41). Australia. Lord Derby [P.}. p-q. Q (V. 144, 147; C.46, Australasia. Lords of the Admir- MEE, alty [P.]. ¢! B. A yellow nuchal collar. (H. mastersix, Krefft; A. rhodogaster, Jan; H., collaris, Macleay.) a. 9 (V. 140; C. 39). Flinders Range, G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. (One S. Australia. of the types of H. mastersit.) 4. Denisonia muelleri. Hoplocephalus muelleri, Fischer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. ii. 1885, p. 109. Rostral little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 11%; anal entire; subcaudals 38. Grey-brown above ; lips and chin with yellow spots, which extend on the sides of the neck; grey beneath, with four or five longi- tudinal series of elongate blackish spots, Total length 292 millim, ; tail 52. Queensland. VOL, III. Z 338 COLUBRID. Denisonia frenata. Hoplocephalus frenatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 646. Frontal nearly twice as long as broad; nasal not reaching the preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; six upper labials. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 167; anal entire; subcaudals 35, Olive-brown above; upper lip yellow; a yellow line on each side of the head, passing through the eye; white beneath, Total length 590 millim. ; tail 54, Lake Elphinstone, Queensland, 6. Denisonia ramsayi. Hoplocephalus ramsayi, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, p. 181, and Sn. Austral. p. 66, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1869). Eye moderate. Rostral just reaching the upper surface of the head ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, not broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, not reaching the single preocular; two postoculars ; six upper labials, second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eve. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 164; anal divided; subcaudals 51. Dark olive-green above, each scale tipped with reddish; crown and a narrow vertebral line somewhat darker; upper labials whitish, marked with olive-brown in the upper corners; beneath yellow, each ventral shield with a blackish margin ; subcaudals nearly black. Total length 265 millim. ; tail 50, Braidwood, New South Wales, 7. Denisonia signata. Alecto signata, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 128, an Icon. Gén. 48, pl. vi. fig. 5 (1873)." me paca signatus, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 64, pl. xii. fig. 5 ). Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals about two thirds the length of the preefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 153-170; anal divided; subcaudals 41-56. Dark olive or black above; head ee. — 219. DENISONIA. . 339 olive-brown, with two yellowish streaks on each side, one along the upper lip, the other from behind the eye along the temple; dark grey or black beneath, Total length 640 millim. ; tail 120, Queensland, New South Wales. a. So (V. 160; C. 56). Cape York. 6,¢. Hgr. ¢ (V.163; C.55) Clarence R. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V. 165; C. 49). “~ 3 (V. 168, 153; Macquarie R. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. . P, 49), SF. Yg. (V. 170; C. 47). New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. g. Yg. (V. 156; C. 41), Australia, Haslar Collection. ~ ° 8. Denisonia demelii, (Pxrare XVIII. fig. 3.) Hoplecepbalus demelii, Giinth. Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, xii. 1876, p. 46; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, vi. 1878, p. 695. — suboccipitalis, Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1892, p. 28. Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals two thirds the length of the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, not twice as broad as the supraocular, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal single, in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 242, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 147-168; anal divided; subcaudals 33-45. Olive above, head darker, blackish on the temples, entirely black in the young; yellowish white beneath. Total length 380 millim. ; tail 60, Queensland. a-b. Sg (Vv. 160; C. 39) & Peak Downs. Museum Godefroy. her. (V. 147; C. 33). (Types.) ce. Yg. (V. 158; C, 46). Queensland. 9. Denisonia suta. Hoplocephalus sutus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1863, p. 234. Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals half as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in Z2 540 COLUBRID. contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 157-164; anal entire; subcaudals 25-30. Pale olive-brown above, scales edged with dark brown; head dark brown above, nape black; a black streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; a yellow spot on the preocular, and another on the postoculars ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 200 millim. ; tail 23. Southern Australia. a. 2 (V. 164; C. 25). Adelaide. Rev. T. E. Lea [P.]. 10. Denisonia frontalis. Hoplocephalus frontalis, Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) iy. 1889, p. 1027. Eye small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, slightly bent back- ward between the internasals, which are much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad ; nasal not reaching the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; six upper labials, second in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields rather larger than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 154; anal entire; sub- caudals 30. Light brown above, scales narrowly margined with black; a broad black nuchal collar, extending forwards over portions of the upper labials, temporals, and the lower postocular to the eye; a black spot in front of the eye on the second and third labials; «a black vertebral line; pearly white beneath, with a broad bronze-coloured median band. , Total length 400 millim.; tail 50. Narrabri, New South Wales. _11. Denisonia flagellum. Hoplocephalus flagellum, MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 2, p. 7, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1878). Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 132-138; anal entire; subcaudals 25-27. Pale brown above; vertex, occiput, and nape black; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 380 millim.; tail 40. Victoria 219, DENISONIA. 341 12, Denisonia maculata. Hoplocephalus maculatus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p.81 (1867) ; Gtinth Journ. Mus. Godeffr. xii. 1876, p. 46. Denisonia ornata, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 321, fig., and Sn. Austral. p. 82, pl. x1. fig. 4 (1869). Eye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided (rarely entire), in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third’ and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 121-136; anal entire; subcaudals 20-30. Dark grey-brown or brown above, lateral scales spotted with black ; a large dark brown blotch on the head, with some lighter spots or variegations, with a black crescentic border on the nape; sides of head and end of snout pale brown, spotted with black; gular region spotted with black; ventrals whitish, with a dark brown or black spot at the outer end of each ventral. Total length 400 millim.; tail 55, Queensland. a-d. o (V. 122,121; C.30,28), Rockhampton. Museum Godeffroy. 2 (V. 181; C. 22), & her. (V. 129; ©. 20). e-g,h. S (V. 125; C. 29) & 2 Rockhampton. (V. 126, 129, 184; C. 21, 22, 20), t. Skull of a. Hoplocephalus ornatus, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. i. 1884, p- 100, pl. xv., appears to agree in all structural characters with the preceding species, but the body is barred by about 50 dark cross-bands with irregular edges ; below the cross-bands, alternating angular blotches. Near Surat, Queensland. 13. Denisonia punctata. (Puate XVIII. fig. 4.) Kye longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths as long as broad, acutely angular behind, twice as broad as the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- 342 COLUBRID. shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 160; anal entire; subcaudals 25. Pale brown above, each scale with a dark brown spot; head and nape orange, with blackish-brown symmetrical markings; a blackish streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, and terminating on the anterior temporals ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 350 millim.; tail 36. North-western Australia. a. 2 (V. 160; C. 26). Port Walcott. Capt. Beckett [C.]. 14. Denisonia gouldii. ied ae Gray, in Grey’s Trav, Austral. ii. p. 444, pl. v. fig. 1 Hopes opal gouldii, Giinth. Cat. 215 (1858); Krefft, Proc. c. 1866, p. 370, and Sn, Badal p- 60, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1869). Eres gouldii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 128, and Icon, Gén, 44, pl. i. fig. 5 (1873). Hoplocephalus nigriceps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii- 1868, p. 362; Krefft, Sn, Austral. i 68, pl. xii. fg. ‘é —— spectabilis, Krefft, 7. c. p. 61, pl. xii. fig. 4 Eye as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals at least two thirds as long as the preefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, at least twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single pree- ocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials ; ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 140-170; anal entire; subcaudals 22-33. Yellow to brown above; head and nape black, or black and yellow above; upper lip and lower parts yellowish. ° Total length 435 millim.; tail 50, Western and Southern Australia. A. Yellowish above, scales edged with brown. (2. gouldii, Gray.) a. 2 (V. 162; ©. 80). W. Australia, Sir G, Grey [P.}. (Type. ) b-c. d (V.170;C. 33) Swan R. Sir A. ‘Smith [P.]. & 9 (V.163; C. 31). d. 9 (V. 161; C. 31), Swan R. e. do (V. 147; C. 83). Flinders Range, - G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. S. Australia. St. 2 (V. 152; ©. 22). Port Lincoln, G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. S. Australia, g. 3 (V. 143; C. 28), 8. Australia. Prof. Stirling [ P.]. h-i. 2 (V.140;C.26) Australia, & yg. (V. 146; 0, 24). - oa - 219. DENISONTIA. 343 B. Yellowish above, without dark edges to the scales. a. 9 (V. 155 ; C. 25). Swan R. C. Brown above. (H. nigriceps, Gthr.) a. 3 (V. 150; C.30), —P Dr. Giinther [P.]. (Type of H. nigriceps.) Mr » b. 2 (V. 160; C. 28). . Champion Bay, uboulay [C.]. N.W. Australia. c. 2 (V. 156; C. 25). S. Australia. Prof. Stirling [P.]. 15. Denisonia nigrescens. Hoplocephalus nigrescens, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, Pi 131, pl. ix. fig. 12; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 68, pl. vi. fig. 4 869), assimilis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. x. 1885, p. 68. Eye as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one fifth to once and a half as long as broad, at least twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter. than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two (rarely one or three) postoculars; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 170-200; anal entire; subcaudals 30-46. Dark olive-brown to black above, yellowish below ; head black above and below; ventrals and sub- caudals sometimes dark-edged. Total length 545 millim.; tail 75. New South Wales and Queensland. a. & (V.170; ©. 35). Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.}. ; (Type.) 6. 2 (V. 186; C. 44). Port Macquarie. G. Krefft, Esq. [ P.]. ‘ce, d. 9(V. 180; 0.39) & =NewSouth Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. | P.]. her. (V. 172; C. 36). e. 2 (V.171; C. 39). Queensland. H.M.S ‘Challenger. f, Hgr. (V. 179; C. 34), = Australia, | 16. Denisonia nigrostriata. Hoplocephalus nigrostriatus, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 181, and Sn. Austral. p. 70, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1869); F. Miill, Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, vii. 1885, p. 690. Alecto dorsalis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 44, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1873). Eye slightly longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the /prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, twice as 344 COLUBRID», broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper . labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-184; anal entire; subcaudals 50-64, Yellowish above, the scales edged with brown, with a dark brown vertebral stripe; head dark brown above ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 380 millim.; tail 52. Queensland. a. 2 (V. 184; C. 50). Rockhampton. Museum Godeffroy. 17. Denisonia carpentaria. Hoplocephalus carpentarie, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W. (2) i 1887, p. 408, Eye slightly longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals hardly half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth as long as broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, not reaching the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials; six upper labials, second in contact with the pre- frontal, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 166-183; anal entire ; subcaudals 31-43. Brown above, each scale lighter in the centre; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower parts yellowish white. Total length 285 millim.; tail 47. Northern Queensland. a. 2 (V. 188; C. 31). Peak Downs, . Museum Godeffroy. 18. Denisonia pallidiceps. Hoplocephalus pallidiceps, Giinth. Cat. p. 214 (1858); Cope, Proc. c. Philad. 1859, p. 343, aa —— pallidiceps, part., Krefft, Sn. Austral. p, 59 (1869). Alecto permixta, Jan, leon. Gén. 44, pl. i. fig. 2 (1878). Eye small, hardly as long as its distance from the mouth, Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the preefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; 219. DENISONIA. 345 posterior nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 170-178; anal entire; subcaudals 37-38. Dark olive-brown above, head somewhat paler; yellowish beneath, subcaudals brown in the middle. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 80. Northern Australia. va e Lf 178, 170; Port Essington. Lord Derby [P.]. C. Her. (V. 170; C. N.E. Australia. (Types.) ). 19. Denisonia melanura. Hoplocephalus melanurus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 88, and 1890, p. 30, pl. ii. fig. 1. Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, a little longer than the prefrontals, not much more than half as long as the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two post- oculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals 165-171; anal divided; sub- caudals 38-48, Head and sides usually reddish, dorsal region dark brown; some or all of the scales black-edged ; tail black; some specimens nearly entirely black, others with traces of black cross- bands; ventrals yellow, on the hind part of the body with dark brown or black margin. Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 140, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands, a-f. d (V.168;C.48)& 9 Guadaleanar. — C. M. Woodford, Esq, (V. 168, 167, 171, 167, [C.}. (Types.) 165; C. 88, 45, ?, 8, 43), g. Skeleton. Guadalcanar. 20. Denisonia par. Hoplocephalus par, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 210, Trans, Zool. Soc, xii. 1886, p. 46, pl. vii. fig. 4, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p- 80; Douglas-Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i, 1890, p. 5. Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, broader than 346 COLUBRID. the supraocular, a little longer than the prefrontals, much shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third deeper than fourth; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16 rows. Ventrals 164-166; anal divided ; subcaudals 40-49. Body with broad reddish-brown bands, separated by narrow white interspaces; most of the scales black-edged ; head blackish brown; lower parts white, the red and black extending on the sutures of the posterior ventrals; tail with complete red annuli. Total length 750 millim.; tail 110. Faro and Howla Islands, Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands, a. 2 (V. 166; C. 43), Faro Id, H. B. Guppy, Esq. [P.]. (‘Type.) b-c. 5 (V. 164; C. 49) Faro Id. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.]. ‘ & 2 | (V. 165; O. 40). silo 21. Denisonia woodfordii. Hoplocephalus woodfordii, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 89, and 1890, p. 80, pl. ii. fig. 2. Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 166-172; anal divided; subcaudals 41-45 pairs. Brownish white above, each scale with a blackish-brown border, forming a reticulate pattern ; head dark brown; lower parts white, subcaudals edged with dark brown. Total length 670 millim. ; tail 100, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, a. 9 (V, 166; C. 45). Rubiana, New C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.] Georgia. T (Type.) b. Yg. (V.172; 0.41). © New Georgia. H.MLS, ‘ Penguin.’ 220. MICROPECHIS. Naja, part., Schleg. Phys ii, p. 461 (1837). Trimeresurus, part., iy Bibr. Erp. ra vii. p. 1244 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p p. 118 (1863), Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by three small solid teeth; 220. MICROPECHIS. 347 mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye extremely small, with round pupil ; nostril between two nasals ; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 or 17 rows. ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. New Guinea and Solomon Islands. 1. Micropechis ikaheka. Coluber ikaheka, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. ii. p. 54, Rept. pl. v. (1830). Naja elaps, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 485 (1837), and Abdild. p. 139, pl. xlviii. figs. 14-16 (1844). Trimeresurus ophiophagus, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1245 (1854). — elaps, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 129. ikaheka, Jan, Elenco, p. 118 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 44, pl. vs (1873); Sauv. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1878, p. 48. Ophiophagus elaps, Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 137. ikaheka, Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 410. ikaheka, var. fasciatus, Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb, viii. 1884, p. 10, pl. vii. fig. 3. Diemenia ikaheka, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, x. 1892, p. 207. ——,, sp., Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 154. Eye hardly half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals one half to two thirds the length of the prwfrontals; frontal once and one fifth to once and a half as long as broad, broader than the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, three fifths the length of the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, anterior very large, the lower wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-223; anal divided; subcaudals 39-55. Particoloured yellow and black, the two colours sometimes forming irregular cross-bars ; the black scales edged with yellow ; head and tail black above ; lower parts yellow, uniform or with some of the shields black-edged. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 180. New Guinea. a-b. 2 (V. 185; C. 43) & Mansinam. M. L. Laglaize [C.]. her. (V. 180°; CO. 45). c. Skull of b. 2. Micropechis elapoides. Hoplocephalus elapoides, Bouleng. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1890, p. 30, pl. ii. fig. 3. Eye hardly half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals two thirds the length of the prwfrontals ; frontal small, much 348 COLUBRID, longer than broad, once and a half as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 208; anal entire; subcaudals 35. Cream-colour, with 22 black bands, broader than the interspaces between them, inter- rupted on the belly, encircling the tail; on the posterior three- fourths of the body series of small black spots form a streak along each side of the back; end of snout and ocular region black, Total length 750 millim. ; tail 75. Florida Island, Solomon Group. a. 2 (V. 208; ©. 35). Florida Id. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 221, HOPLOCEPHALUS. Oplocephalus (Cuv.), Voigt, Thierr. iii. p. 143 (1832), Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837). Alecto (non Wagl.), part., Dew. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1249 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 116 (1863), Hoplocephalus, part., Giinth, Cat. Col, Sn. p. 213 (1858) ; Krefft, an. Austral. p. 53 (1869). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine,. with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by two or three small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye rather small, with round pupil; nasal entire or divided; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 21 rows; ventrals angulate and notched laterally. Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. Australia, ‘Synopsis of the Species. Ventrals obtusely angulate, 204-221 ; sub- | nes A060 nko sb p0.0a0 8 vice 1. bungaroides, p. 348. Ventrals strongly angulate, 191-227 ; sub- PRU ENSOE osc incnewtcrvs.swed Ee 2. bitorquatus, p. 349. Ventrals strongly angulate, 239; sub- CAEN edae sb cndwesecc en wewe 3. stephensii, p. 350, 1. Hoplocephalus bungaroides. Naja bungaroides, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 1084; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. P: 477 (1837), and Abbild. e 140, pl. xlviii. figs. 17 & 18 gg A mee —" Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 1254, pl. Ixxvi. 4. fig, 1 ( R bungaroides, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 1257; Jan, Elenco, p. 116 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 43, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1873). Hoplocephalus bungaroides, Giinth. Cat. p. 218 (1858). 221. HOPLOCEPHALUS. 349 Hoplocephalus variegatus, Giinth. l. c. p. 214; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 56, pl. vi. fig. 6 (1869). . Eye as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). MRostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, once and a half as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire or divided, in contact with or narrowly separated from the single preeocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2, lower anterior very large, wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials, and nearly reaching the lip; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials — in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 204-221; anal éntire; subcaudals 40-56. Black above, with yellow spots forming more or less regular cross-bands on the body ; upper labials yellow, margined with black ; ventrals blackish, yellow on the sides. Total length 1620 millim. ; tail 210. New South Wales: a. 2 (V. 212; ©. 45). © New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.], 6. 2 (V. 221; C..42). Australia, Lord Derby [P.]. e. fo (V. 204; -C. 52). Australia. Dr. Bennett | P. |. d. Hgr. (V. 210; C. 56). Australia. Capt. Stokes [P.]. e. d (V. 210; C. 51). Australia. Zoological Society. f. Yg. (V. 204; C. 47). Australia. 2. Hoplocephalus bitorquatus. Alecto bitorquata, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 128, and Icon, Gén. 43, pl. vi. fig. 6 (1873). Hoplocephalus pallidiceps, part., Kvefft, Sn. Austral. p. 59, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1869). —— sulcans, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensi. i. 1884, p. 138. — waitii, Douglas Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, p- 261, Eye as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the mouth (larger in the young). Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals one half to two thirds as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal entire, in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2, lower anterior large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials and sometimes reaching the lip; six (or seven) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 2l rows. Ventrals strongly angulate laterally, 191-227; anal 350 COLUBRID, entire ; subcaudals 44-59. Dark olive above, with or without a darker vertebral streak ; head pale olive, with a bright yellow occipital blotch, edged with black behind and sometimes bearing a few black spots; a black bar across the forehead in front of the frontal; sides of head with black spots; lower labials and chin usually spotted with black ; lower parts greyish olive or brown, Total length 510 millim.; tail 95, Queensland, New South Wales. a-b. g (V. 191; C. 58) Rockhampton. Museum Godeffroy. & yg. (V. 197; C. 44). ce. Hgr. (V. 201; C. 52), Rockhampton, d. Yg. (V.192; C. 59). Clarence h. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. e. Head of adult, Clarence R. G. Kretft, Esq. | P. 3. Hoplocephalus stephensii, ge ey stephensii, Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 58, pl. vi. fig. 7 (1869). Head-shields as in H. bungaroides, but frontal broader and parietals longer. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 239, flat beneath, notched and strongly angulate laterally; anal entire; subcaudals 60. Body barred alternately with black and white; the black bars twice the size of the white ones, and reaching down to ventral keel ; head dark, spotted with yellow; a UJ-shaped yellow streak on the back of the head. Total length 760 millim, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, 222, TROPIDECHIS. Tropidechis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H, (8) xii. 1863, p. 868; refft, Sn. Austral. p. 71 (1869). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by four small solid teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; nasal entire; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales strongly keeled, without pits, in 23 rows; ventrals rounded, ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals single, Australia, 1, Tropidechis carinatus. (Piare XIX. fig. 1.) Hoplocephalus carinatus, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 86. Tropidechis carinata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. 5) xii, 1863, p. 850; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 71 (1869). Eye as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, once and a half as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; nasal 223. NOTECHIS. 351 in contact with the single preocular; temporals 1+2 or 242, the lower anterior, if not converted into a labial, wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials; six or seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows, strongly keeled, outer smooth. Ventrals 165-171; anal entire; subcaudals 52-54. Dark olive above, with darker cross-bands, which may be broken up on the vertebral line; yellowish below, more or less obscured with olive. Total length 730 millim.; tail 120, New South Wales; Queensland. a. 2 (V.171; C. 52). Clarence River. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. (One of the types.) 223, NOTECHIS. Alecto (non Wagl.), part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1249 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 116 (1863). Hoplocephalus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 213 (1858); Krefft, Sn, Austral. p. 53 (1869). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by four or five small, feebly grooved teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest and feebly grooved. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye rather small, with round pupil; nasal entire; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, disposed obliquely, in 15 to 19 rows, the lateral scales shorter than the dorsals ; belly rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals single, Australia and Tasmania. 1. Notechis scutatus. P Boa levis, Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, p. 209. Alecto curta (non Schleg.), part., Dum. § Babr, vii. p. 1252 (1854). Hoplocephalus curtus, Giinth. Cat. p. 216 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. . 58, pl. ix. & pl. xi. fig. 6 (1869); MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Bee. 1, p. 11, pl. iii. (1878). Naja (Hamadryas) scutata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 690. Hoplocephalus fuscus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 82 (1867). ater, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1866, p. 873 (1867), and l.c. p. 56, pl. xi. fig. 11. Alecto fasciolata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 48, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1873). Eye as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the mouth in the adult, larger in the young. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; frontal as long as broad or longer than broad, not more than once and a half as long as broad, once and a half to twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, one half to two thirds the length of the parietals ; nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, lower anterior very large and wedged in between the fifth and sixth upper labials and sometimes nearly 352 COLUBRID. reaching the lip ; six (rarely seven) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 to 19 rows. Ventrals 146-185; anal entire; subcaudals 39-61. Olive-brown to blackish above, the skin between the scales black; young with dark cross-bands, which may disappear in the adult; belly yellowish or olive, the ‘shields often dark-edged. Total length 1280 millim.; tail 170. Australia and Tasmania. A. Seales in 15 rows. a. 2 (V. 168; OC. ?). Tasmania, G. Krefft, Esq. [P.}. b-e. d (V. 172, 172, 164; Tasmania, . C. 54, 50,53) & 2 (V. 174; C. 48). B. Scales in 17 rows. t-h, i-k, l, m. Hgr. (V. Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [P.]. 178, 173, 170, 173; C. 50, 52, 51, 55) & y (V. 169, 166, 159; *, 54, 49). n. Yg. (. 179; C. 50). Hobart. _ J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 0. 2 ev. 160; 0. 45). Kangaroo Id. Zoological Society. p. Yg. (V. 154; C. 51). S. Australia. Dr. Fleming [P.]. q. 2 (V. 169; C.?). Australia, Haslar Collection. r. 2 (V. 160; C. 39). Australia. Zoological Society. C. Scales in 19 rows. s. 9 (V. 175; OC. 56). Sydney. Dr. Bennett [P.]. t. 2 (V.179; C. 54). Sydney. Py G. B. Howes u. d (V. 185; C. 61). New South Wales, si ag Institute m 2 (V.178; C. 54). . Kangaroo Id. reissical Society. w. 9 (V. 161; 0. 52). Australia. Haslar Collection. a. Yg..(V. 162 ; C. 48). Australia. Sir J. Macgregor [P.]. y. & “wv. 166 ; C. 49), Australia. . Zoological Society. x 9, skeleton. Australia, Zoological Society, a. Skull of u. 224, RHINHOPLOCEPHALUS,. Rhinoplocephalus, F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, vii. 1885, p. 690. Dentition as in Hoplocephalus. Head feebly distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil; rostral very large, detached on the sides, as in Aspidelaps; no internasals; nostril in an undivided nasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical, rigid; scales smooth, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals single. Australia. * 19 of the subcaudals are divided, 225. BRACHYASPIS. 353 i. Rhinhoplocephalus bicolor. Rhinoplocephalus bicolor, F. Mii. 1. c. pl. ix. figs. f-7. Snout broad, truncate ; eye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Upper portion of rostral subquadrangular, nearly twice as broad as long, as long as the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the lower preocular; two preoculars, upper small ; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the | anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 159; anal entire; subcaudals 34. Greyish olive above, lateral scales dark-edged; yellowish white beneath ; tongue white. Total length 395 millim.; tail 55. Australia. 225. BRACHYASPIS. Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837). Hoplocephalus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 213 (1858). Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by two or three small teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head dis- tinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril between two nasals; no loreal. Body stout, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, slightly oblique, in 19 rows; belly rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals single. Australia. 1. Brachyaspis curta. Naja curta, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 486 (1837), and Abbild. p. 140, pl. xlviii. figs. 19 & 20 (1844). Hoplocephalus curtus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 216 (1858). —— temporalis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 180, pl.-ix. fig. 11; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 65, pl. vi. fig. 5 (1869). Eye scarcely longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, broader than the supraocular, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than parietals ; nasal in contact with or narrowly separated from the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+4 or 3+3; six or seven upper pa and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 128-136 ; anal entire; subcaudals 30-35. Uniform olive-brown above, yellowish beneath. Total length 490 millim.; tail 70. Western Australia. VOL, III. %. ZA 354 COLUBRID. a-b, 2 (V. 181, 184; C. N.W. Australia. Museum Godeffroy. 33, 32) e. 2 (V. 136; O. 30). Port Lincoln. G. Krefft, we [P.] d-f.d (V.134; 0.35) & yg. S. Australia. Dr. Fleming my (V. 128, 129 ; C. 34, 31), (Types of H. temporailis.) g. Skull of e. 226, ACANTHOPHIS. Acanthophis, Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 287 (1803) ; Wagl. Syst. Amphi, p. 172 (1880) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 34 (1849) ; Dum. § Bibr. hy! Gén. vii. p. 1888 (1854); Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1859, p. ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 120 (1868) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 79 (1869). Ophryas, Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 146 (1820), Vipera, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 573 (1887), Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by two or three small teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged, fang-like. Head dis- tinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril in the upper part of a single nasal; no loreal, Body stout, cylin- drical ; scales more or less distinctly keeled, without pits, in 21 or 23 rows; belly rounded. Tail short, compressed at the end and terminating in a long spine turned upwards; anterior subcaudals single, posterior in two rows. * Moluccas, Papuasia, Australia. Fig. 25. Skull of Acanthophis antarcticus. This skull is remarkable for the presence of a strong outer process, directed downwards and backwards, on the ectopterygoid. Such a process is present, but less developed, in some of the Hydro- phine (Hydrus, Distira), 226, ACANTHOPHIS. 855 1. Acanthophis antarcticus. Merrem, Beitr. ii. p. 20, pl. xiii. (1790), Boa antarctica, Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. ececexxxy. (1794). alpebrosa, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 862 (1802). Acanthophis cerastinus, Daud. Rept. y. p. 289, pl. lxyii. (1803) ; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xxii. (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1889 (1854). brownii, Leach, Zool. Mise. i. pl. iii. (1814). Ophryas acanthophis, Merr. Tent. p. 147 (1820). Vipera acanthophis, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 606, pl. xxi. figs. 21-23 (1837). Acanthophis antarctica, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 71 (1842), and Cat. p. 34 (1849) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 80, pl. x. & pl. xi. fig. 7 (1869) ; MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 2, p. 11, pl. xii. (1878) ; Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 91; McCay, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) iv. 1890, p. 893, pls. xxv.-xxvil. ; Boetig. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 155. levis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 40; Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i. 1890, p. 99. —— prelongus, Ramsay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W. ii. 1877, p. 72. Head with elevated sides, the lores very oblique. Eye much shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral large, twice as broad as deep, with horizontal edge, its upper portien measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as broad, or a little broader than long, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal narrower than the supraocular, twice as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals ; supraocular often raised and angular, horn-like (Boa palpebrosa, Shaw, A. levis, Macl.) ; upper head-shields more or less rugose or striated; nasal large, in contact with the single pre- ocular; two postoculars ; two or three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials; temporals 2-3+2-4; six or seven upper labials; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals more or less distinctly, sometimes very faintly keeled. Ventrals 113-130; anal entire; subcaudals 41-51, the 5 to 27 last divided. Yellowish, reddish, or greyish _ brown above, with more or less distinct dark cross-bands, with or without small black spots ; lips with black or blackish spots or bars ; sides spotted with black ; belly yellowish white, uniform or more or less spotted with brown or black; end of tail yellow or black. Total length 850 millim.; tail 150. Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia. a. do (Se. 21; V. 114; Ceram. - Dr. Bleeker. ', 46). b-d. $ (Se. 21; V.116; N. Ceram. C. 50), 2 (Se. 21; V. 120; C. 44), & yg. (Sc. 21; V.121; C.?). 2a2 356 COLUBRID. e-t. d (Se.21; V.115, Kei Ids. Capt. Langen [P.]. 115; ©. 50, 46), 2 (Se. 21 ; V. 119, 119; ©. 45, 43), & yg. (Se. 21; V. 116; 0. 45). k. é § (Se. 23 ; "V.126; New Guinea, South of Mr. Comrie [C.]. 46). Huon Gulf. 1. Tier Q (Se. 21; V. Cape York. H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ 121; C. 51). m. 3 (Se. 23; V.118; Cape York. C, 48) n. Ye: | (Be. 21; V.125; Cardwell, Queensland. H.M.S. Challenger.’ 0. ig. (Se. 23; V. Gulf of Carpentaria. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. p.2 (Se. 23 ; Vv. 130; Port Essington, Lord Derby [P.}. q: g (Se 23; V.131; N.W. Australia. py Richardson r. 3 Ge. 21; V.121; Sydney. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. 8. g Se 21; V.122; New South Wales. Major Bray [P.}. t. 2 2 Se 21; V.123; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. (P.]. u- ce © (Ge. 21; V.122, New South Wales. Imperial Institute w. eK ie, te 115; Australia, Obst Stokes [P.]. x. Te 21; V.119; —+-? (Boa aculeata, Shaw.) Yy %. oe (Sc. 21; V. ——P Haslar Collection. 119; 0. 48) & “her. °) (Se. 23; V.119; C. 46) a, Q skeleton. Australia. Dr. Bennett [P. ]. 227, ELAPOGNATHUS. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of moderately large grooved poison-fangs; no other maxillary teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not or but slightly distinet from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nasal entire; no loreal, — Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded, ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. | Australia, 1. Elapognathus minor. (Prats XIX. fig. 2.) Hoplocephalus a the part., Giinth, Cat. p. 217 (1858). —— minor, Giinth, Ann & Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 362 ; Erffe Sn, Austral, p. 67 (1869). Eye much longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; 228. BOULENGERINA. 307 internasals two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales finely striated, in 15 rows, Ventrals 120-128; anal entire; subcaudals 52-60. Dark olive above; some of the sutures between the upper labials black; a black occipital blotch in the young; yellowish or greyish olive beneath, the ventrals black at the base. Total length 460 millim.; tail 95. ’ South-west Australia. a. 9 (V. 1238; C. 55). Swan River. Haslar Collection. } oe (V. 124; C. 60). Swan River. | -e. 3 (V. 125 ; C. aha S. Australia. e(Types.) “OU V. 128; C5 2), & her. (Vv. 120; We 52). ae Fg (Ys 125; C. 58). ~§. Australia. Dr. Fleming [P.]. g. Skull of ¢. 228. BOULENGERINA. Boulengerina, Dollo, Bull. Mus. Belg. iv. 1886, p. 159; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 866. Maxillary bone extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by three or four small teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals ; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 21 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Central Africa. 1. Boulengerina stormsi. Peuliipernin stormsi, Dollo, Bull. Mus, Belg. iv. 1886, p. 160, fig. ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 866, pl. xlviii. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring half its distance from the frontal; internasals- shorter and a little broader than the prefrontals, extensively in contact with the preocular; frontal small, slightly longer than broad, as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the rostral, slightly more than half the length of the parietals; posterior tiasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth, fifth, and sixth in contact with the lower postocular, third and sixth deepest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 193; anal entire; subcaudals 67. Brown above; four 358 COLUBRID. black cross-bars on the nape and neck, the second and third forming complete rings, followed by five irregular black spots; further back, the body darker brown with the scales black-edged; tail black ; belly white anteriorly, brown further back, with the shields. black-edged, blackish brown towards the tail. Total length 240 millim.; tail 85. Lake Tanganyika. 229. ELAPECHIS. Elapsoidea *, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. 1866, p. 70; Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1880, p. 797. Maxillary bone extending forwards as fur as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by two to four small teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals ; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales oblique, smooth, without pits,” in 13 or 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short; subcaudals all or most in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I, Scales in 13 rows. A. Snout broadly rounded. J. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the ° symphysial. Internasals much shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal at least three fourths the length of the parietals............ 1. guentheri, p. 359. Internasals three fourths the length of the prefrontals ; frontal two thirds the length of the parietals .......0.05.. ¢simesmaean 2. niger, p. 359. 2. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields, 3. hessii, p. 360, B. Snout obtusely pointed, Portion of rostral visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the POMEL De VayFs 6 LN sole cs wis one 4. decosteri, p. 360. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal.... 5. sundevallii, p. 360. TI. Beales in IB. TOWS. 40.0206 sccccesese 6. boulengert, p. 361, * The correct form would be Elapoidea, which name is preoceupied ( Elapoides, Boie). ‘ 229, BLAPECHIS. 359 1. Elapechis guentheri. Elapsoidea guentheri, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. p. 1866, p. 70, pl. i. fig. 3, and iv. 1873, p. 224; Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ix. 1884, p. 201; Boettg. Ber. 'Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 82; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. HH. (6) xv. 1895, p. 525, pl. xxi. fig. C ; ’ Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 129, pl. xiv. fig. 3 (1895). semiannulata, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. viii. 1882, p. 303. Snout rounded. MRostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with, or narrowly separated from, the single pre- ocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are separated from the symphysial; posterior chin-shields nearly as large as the anterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 142-166; anal entire; subcaudals 13-25, all or mostin two rows. Whitish or grey above, with black, white-edged cross-bands, or blackish with whitish cross-bars or lines formed by the edges of some of the scales ; lower parts dirty white or brownish, grey, or blackish. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 50. Gaboon, Congo, Angola, Central Africa. 3 (V. 158; C. 25). Stanley Pool. b, Her. (V. 166 ; C.25). Foot of Mt. Ruwenzori. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. e. Yg.(V.143; C. 21). Shiré Highlands, oH 7 H. Johnston Eek 2. Elapechis niger. (Puare XX. fig. 1.) Elapsoidea nigra, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. NV. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 3325 Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, cy. 1895, p. 198. Snout rounded. KRostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal; internasals three fourths the length of the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single prwocular; two post- oculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are separated from the symphysial ; posterior chin-shields as large as the anterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 153; anal entire; subcaudals 16-20. Black above and below ; lower surface of head and anterior ventrals whitish. Young with transverse series of white dots. Total length 420 millim. ;_ tail 30. Zanzibar. a. 2 (V. 153; C.16). Ushambola. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Type.) 360 : COLUBRID, 3. Elapechis hessii. Elapsoidea hessei, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1887, p. 651, and Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 83, pl. ii. fig. 6. Snout rounded. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ;jnter- nasals one third the length of the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are extensively in contact with the symphysial; posterior chin-shields as large as the anterior. Scales in 13 rows, Ventrals 147; anal entire; subcaudals 22. Greyish above, with black cross-bars, much narrower than the interspaces between them, narrowing down the sides ; a series of black spots on each side, between the cross-bars ; a large black blotch on the nape, produced as a streak along the suture between the parietal shields; lower parts white. Total length 160 millim.; tail 12, Banana, Congo. 4, Elapechis decosteri. ae decosteri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p- . Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring nearly half its distance from the frontal; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with, or narrowly separated from, the single preeocular; two post- oculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are separated from the symphysial ; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 138-142; anal entire; subcaudals 25-26. Dark grey above, each scale edged with black; outer row of scales and lower parts white. Total length 380 millim, ; tail 38, Delagoa Bay. a. 9 (V. 142; C. 26). Delagoa Bay. South African Museum [P.]. 5. Elapechis sundevallii. Elaps sunderwallii, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8S. Afr. t. pl. Ixvi, (1848), Elapsoidea sundevallii, 7 Peters, Mon. Ga ae ids, Pp. “7 7, nid fig. 2, Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral large, the portion visible from 230, RHYNCHELAPS, 361 above as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest. Scales.in 13 rows. Ventrals 163; anal entire; subcaudals 22. Reddish brown above, with yellow cross-bands, the scales on which are edged with reddish brown; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower parts yellow. Total length 510 millim.; tail 43. Caffraria. 6. Elapechis boulengeri. Elapsoidea boulengeri, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 62. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals hardly half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are separated from the symphysial; posterior chin-shields as long as or slightly longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 141; anal entire; subcaudals 20. Black above, with narrow white cross- bars; head white, black along the suture between the parietal shields ; blackish grey beneath. Total length 170 millim.; tail 14. Zambesi. 230. RHYNCHELAPS. Rhynchoelaps, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 518, and Prodr. Icon. Gén. p. 7 (1859). Simoselaps, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, 2 P: 123, and Prodr. p. 16. Brachyurophis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 18638, p. 21; Krefft, Sn, Austral. p. 51 (1869). Elaps, oak, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 112 (1863). Pseudelaps, part., Jan, J. c. p. 116. Rhinelaps, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. HH, (4) ix. 1872, p. 33. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine; a pair of moderately large grooved poison-fangs, and two small teeth near the posterior extremity of the maxillary ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head small, not distinct from neck, with more or less projecting snout; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil ; nostril in a single nasal; no loreal. Body short, cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short; subcaudals in two rows. Australia, 362 COLUBRID. The prefrontal bones are produced posteriorly over the orbit, reaching the parietals in 22. semifasciatus. A small outer process is present on the ectopterygoid in R. bertholdi. Synopsis of the Species. I, Scales in 15 rows; rostral much broader than deep; nasal in contact with the preocular ; ventrals ] 12-126, 1. bertholdi, p, 362. IL. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 143-170. A. Nasal in contact with the preocular ; upper portion of rostral longer than its distance from the frontal. Frontal a little longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular...........-. 2. australis, p. 363. Frontal as broad as long, at least thrice as broad as the supraocular............ 3. semifasciatus, p. 363. B. Nasal widely separated from the preocular; upper portion of rostral a little shorter than its distance from the frontal. 4. fasciolatus, p. 364. 1. Rhynchelaps bertholdi*. Elaps bertholdi, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, P: 123, Prodr. p. 16, pl. B (1859), and Icon, Gén. 43, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1873). Vermicella bertholdi, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 89; Zietz, Tr. R. Soc. S. Austral. x. 1888, p.3800; Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral, Mus. i. 1890, p. 80. Elaps mattazoi, Ferreira, Jorn. Se, Lisb. (2) ii. 1891, p. 93. Snout much depressed, moderately prominent, with obtusely angular edge. Eye measuring about two thirds its distance from the mouth. Rostral much broader than deep, obtuse-angled behind, its upper portion one half to three fourths as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal elongate and in contact with the prieocular, which is widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1, auterior sometimes descending to the edge of the mouth; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields in contact with each other or separated by one scale. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 112-126; anal divided; subcaudals 15-25. Yellowish, with 19 to 40 black annuli, which are usually narrower than the interspaces ; head speckled with brown, with a large dark blotch on the parietals and temples. Total length 270 millim.; tail 22. Southern and Western Australia. * Type (Gottingen Museum) exemined, 230. RHYNCHELAPS. 363 a, Yg. (V. 118; an 22). Adelaide. Rey. T. E. Lea [P.}. 6. 2 (V. 119; C. 15). Swan R. Sir A. Smith [P.]. c- -d.3 3 (Y. 121; CO. 23) & Swan R. Q (V. 126; C. 16). ée. 9 (V. 116; C. 20). Perth. Mr. Duboulay [C. ]. f, Yg. (V. 120; C. 19). Geraldton, W.Aus- Mr. E. H. Saunders tralia. [C.]. g-t. 3 (V. 117,120; C. 21, Australia. AY & hen (V. 117; C. 21), k, Skull of d, 2. Rhynchelaps australis. Simotes australis, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 180. Brachyurophis australis, Ginth. Ann. § Mag. NV, H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 97, and (4) ix. 1872, p. 88; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 52, pl. xi. tig. 3 (1869). Snout very prominent, obtusely pointed, with sharp horizontal edge. ye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral as deep as broad, its upper portion forming an acute angle behind and longer than its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; nasal elongate, in contact with the preocular, which is widely separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contavt with the anterior chin-shields, which are very small; posterior chin-shields indistinct. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 152-163; anal divided; subcaudals 18-20. Red above, with ill-defined cross-bars formed of yellowish, black-edged scales ; a blackish cross-band on the head, involving the eyes, and another on the nape; snout and occiput yellowish; lower parts whitish. Total length 290 millim.; tail 25. Queensland. a. 2 (V.152; C. 20). Clarence R. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.]. 3. Rhynchelaps semifasciatus. Brachyurophis semifasciata, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xi. 1863, p. 21, pl. iii. fig. B, and xv. 1865, p. 97. Pseudoelaps rhinostomus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1873). Furina rhinostoma, F. Mill. Verh. Nat. ‘Ges. Basel, vii. 1865, p- 692. Snout very prominent, obtusely pointed, with sharp horizontal edge. Eye measuring about two thirds its distance from the mouth. MRostral as deep as broad, its upper portion forming an acute angle behind and longer than its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad, at least thrice as broad as the supraocular, as long as 364 COLUBRID. its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little longer than the parietals; nasal elongate, in contact with the preocular, which is narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; five or six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are very small; posterior chin-shields indistinct. Seales in 17 rows. Ventrals 143-170; anal divided; subcaudals 17-25. Yellowish above, with brown cross-bands; a large brown blotch on the head, covering the frontal, supraoculars, and parietals, and another on the nape ; lower parts white. Total length 300 millim ; tail 30. West Australia. a-b. § (V.148; C. 22) & hgr. "West Australia ? (Types.) (V. 154; C. 22). | fr ant (V. 168, 161; West Australia. Mr. Duboulay [C.]. . 19, 25). : e-f. 3 (V. 150; C. 28) & 9 Chapman R., W. Mr. E. H. Saunders (V.170; 0.17). Australia, [C.]. g. Skull of f. 4, Rhynchelaps fasciolatus. Rhinelaps fasciolatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 84, pl. v. fig. B. Vermicella fasciata, Stirling §& Zietz, Tr. R. Soc, S. Austral. xvi 1893, p. 175, pl. vi. fig. 4. Snout much depressed, prominent, rounded, with angular edge. Eye measuring two thirds its distance from the mouth. Rostral large, broader than deep, obtuse-angled behind, the portion visible from above a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; inter- nasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; nasal widely separated from the preocular, which nearly reaches the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, second and third in contact with the prefrontal, third and fourth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; an azygous scale between the four chin- shields, which are small. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145-161; anal divided; subcaudals 22-27. Reddish above, with numerous transverse series of blackish-brown spots, the anterior of which are confluent into cross-bars ; a large blackish-brown blotch on the head, from the posterior part of the prefrontals to the posterior border of the parietals; two broad blackish-brown cross-bands on the nape ; uniform white beneath. | Total length 335 millim. ; tail 30. West Australia. a. 2 (V. 161; C. 22). Perth. Mr, Duboulay [C.]. (Type.) 231. BUNGARUS. 365 231. BUNGARUS. Pseudoboa, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 281 (1801), Bungarus, Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 268 (1803); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 456 (1837); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1265 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 219 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 117 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 842 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 387 (1890). Pseudoboa, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 68 (1811). Aspidoclonion, Wagler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Amph. p- 192 (1830). Megeerophis, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) iv. 1849, p. 247; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 346. Xenurelaps, Giinth. 1. c. p. 845. Maxillary extending forwards as far as the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs followed by one to four small feebly grooved teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest and faintly grooved. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye small, Fig. 26. Skull of Bungarus candidus. with round or vertically subelliptic pupil ; nostril between two nasals ; no loreal *. Scales smooth, oblique, without pits, in 13 to 17 rows, vertebral row enlarged, hexagonal; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals single or in two rows. ‘ South-eastern Asia. * Mr. W. L. Sclater records a specimen of B. bungaroides with a well-marked loreal shield on either side. 366 COLUBRID, Synopsis of the Species. I, Subcaudals single ; scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows. A, A dorsal ridge ; tail ending very obtusely ; anterior temporal shield scarcely longer than deep .. 1. fasciatus, p. 366. B. No dorsal ridge ; tail tapering to a point; anterior temporal much longer than deep. Frontal little longer than broad ; rostral a little broader than deep; vertebral scales strongly enlarged ..........20+ee00. 2. ceylonicus, p, 367. Frontal longer than broad; rostral con- siderably broader than deep; vertebral scales strongly enlarged ............ 3. candidus, p. 368. Frontal longer than broad; rostral nearly as deep as broad ; vertebral scales feebly enlarged 6.50658 os. CINE Se 4. lividus, p. 370. II, Subcaudals in pairs, or partly single partly in pairs. Scales in 15 rows .. ...s}p)sueaaee nese 5. bungaroides, p.370, Scales in-13 rows. ,.. ...\s.asiepumanaue es . 6. flaviceps, p. 371. 1. Bungarus fasciatus. wi “on ii. pl. lviii. fig. 2 (1785); Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. iii. Pseudoboa fasciata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p, 283 (1801). Boa fasciata, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 353 (1802). Bungarus annularis, Daud. Rept. v. p. 265, pl. Ixv. figs. 1 & 8 (1803) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 457, pl. xvi. figs. 21 & 22 (1837), and Abbild. sf xvili. figs. 1-5 (1839); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1269 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 44, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1873). — fasciatus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p, 113 (1847); Giinth. Cat. p. 221 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 348 (1864); Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. ix. (1874); Theob. Cat. Rept. - Brit. Ind. . 216 (1876) ; ‘Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 16, and 888, p. 86; Bouleny. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 388 (1890). Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2, anterior scarcely longer than deep; seyen upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of short, sub- equal chin-shields. An obtuse keel or ridge along the back and tail; latter ending very obtusely, Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals much enlarged, broader than long. Ventrals 200-234; anal entire ; subcaudals single, 23-39. Bright yellow, with black annuli as broad as the interspaces between them or broader ; a black band, widening behind, on the head and nape, beginning between the eyes snout brown. 231. BUNGARUS. 367 Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 130. Bengal, Southern India, Assam, Burma, Southern China, Indo- China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. a. Yg. (V. 220; C. 36). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. b. do (V. 228; 0.37). Bengal. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. ec. Yg. (V. 225; C. 33). India. W. Masters, Esq. [ P. }. d. Yg. (V. 218; C. 37). Ruby Mines, Upper Major Bingham [P.]. Burma. é, f-g. 3 (V. 213; C. Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. 28) & 2 (V. 217, 204 ; C. 26, 23). . h. 3 (V. 216; C. 33). 8. China. J.C. Bowring, Esq.[P.]. a. 2 (V. 222; C. 34). Siam. of Pt Newman, Esq. k. 3 (V. 220; 0. 37). Siam. a Schomburgk Fs} l. 2 (V. 227; C. 84). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. m. 3 (V. 234; C. 39). Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C,]. n. Her. (V. 207; C.36). Java. A. Scott, Esq. py o. 6 skeleton. India. 2. Bungarus ceylonicus. (Pxiarn XIX. fig. 3.) Bungarus fasciatus, var. B., Ginth. Cat. p. 221 (1858), ceylonicus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 344 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 216 (1876); #. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 276; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 388 (1890). Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of short, subequal chin-shields, the anterior in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals much enlarged, broader than long. Ventrals 219-235 ; anal entire; subcaudals single, 33-40. Black, with whitish annuli which may be very indistinct and broken up on the back in the adult ; lower parts uniform white in the young. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 90. Ceylon. a,b,c,d,ef,9,h. 3 (V. Ceylon. 4 235, 229, 234; C. 35, 36, 39), hgr. (V. 219, 226; C. 36, 38), & yg. (V. 225, 228, 227; C. 40, 35, 36). t. Yg. (V. 226; C. 33). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [P.]. k. Ye. head and ant. part Ceylon. Capt. Gascoigne [P. of body. i l. fg (V. 224; C. 37). Ceylon, W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.j. (sods) 368 covvsnmts. 3. Bungarus candidus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lvi. figs. 1, 3, 4 (1735) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. i. 1 (1796). Coluber candidus, Linn. Mus, Ad, Frid. p. 33, pl. vii. fg 1 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 384 (1766) ; Daud, Rept. vi. p. 288 (1808). Pseudoboa cerulea, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p, 284 (1801). —— krait, Schneid. l. c. p. 288. Boa lineata, Shaw, Zool, iii. p. 356 (1802). Bungarus ceruleus, Daud. Rept. vy. p. 270, pl. Ixv. fig. 2 (1803) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 12783 (1854) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 209; Jan, Icon. Gén. 44, pl. ili. figs. 2 & 3 (1873) ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind, pl. x. (1874); Murray, Zool, Sind, p. 387 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 3888 (1890); W. Selater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 245. semifasciatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 552; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 459, im xvi. tigs. 18-20 (1837), and Abbild. p. 38, pl. xviii. figs. 6-10 (1889); Dum. & Bibr, t. c. p. 1271; Giinth. Cat. p- 221 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind p. 344 (1864); Jan, 7. e. pl. ii. tig.4; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 16; EF. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 276. : Aspidoclonion semifasciatum, Wagl. Icon. Amph. KF ii. (1828). Bungarus candidus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 115 (1847). arcuatus, Dum. § Bibr, t. c. p. 1272. —— lineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 219. — wmulticinctus, Blyth, b ak As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1861, p. 98; Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1888, p. 86. ceruleus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 348; Theob. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 215 (1876). Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of sub- equal chin-shields, anterior in contact with three (rarely four) lower labials. Scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows, vertebrals much enlarged, broader than long on the hinder half of the body. Ventrals 195- 237 ; anal entire ; subcaudals single, 37-56. Dark brown or bluish- black above, with narrow transverse white streaks or with small white spots, or alternately barred with dark brown and yellow; lower parts uniform white. Total length 1080 millim.; tail 160. India, Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Java, Celebes, A. Forma ryprca (0. candidus, L., B. semifasciatus, Boie),—27- 34 dark brown or blackish bars on the body and tail, the first continuous with the dark colour of the head, narrowed and rounded on the sides; separated by broad yellowish-white interspaces, which may be spotted with black. a-e. 3 (V. 215, 216, Java. Lidth de Jeude Collection. 215, 212; ©. 49, 48, 50, 46) & 2 (V. 222; C. 45). (V. 210; ©. 42). f. Q g. & (V.217; C. 46). h. H gr. (V.217; ©. 42). 231. BUNGARUS. Java. Java. Manado, Celebes. 369 A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. Dr. Ploem (C.]. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. B. Var. mutrrerncrus.—As in the preceding, but the dark bars more numerous, 42-60, and the light interspaces narrower. a. 3 (V. 213; ©. 59). b. g (V.214; ©. 46). ty (V. 207 ; C. 46). d, 2 (V. 216; OC, 44). of 2 (V. 210; C. 50) ra & hgr. (V. 198; C 9. rf (V. 221; ©. 52). Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. sf Mountains North of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [ Kiu Kiang. Formosa. Hoi How, Hainan. China. P R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C. J. Neumann, Esq. | P. |. Haslar Collection. C. Var. cazuLevs.—Dark brown to bluish-black above, with narrow transverse white streaks, which may be disposed in pairs, or with small white spots. connected with the preceding. a, Yg. (V. 195; C. 39). b. 2 (Sc. 17; V. 237; CG. 49). ce. Hgr. (V. 207 ; C. 45). (V. 201; ©. 48). V. 207; ©, 54). Q (V. 225, 209; 51, 48) & ye. 214, 210; ©. 46, (V. 220 ; ©. 48). Te d. 2 ( e. 2 F-h, i. C. (Vv. an k. 3 1. He r. (V. 200; 6. ma, V. 215, 219; . 40, 3 (V. 207 ; C. 45). & (Vv. 204; C. ) & her. (V. 200, 1; C. 51, 49). (V. 205; C. 53). u-x. 3 (V. 205; C. 50) & hgr. (V. 214, 207, 219; C. 56, 47, 43). y. 2 (V. 215; C. 46). z. Skull. VOL, III. (V. 208; ©. 47). Sind. Umarkot, Sind. Ajmere, Rajputana. Gwalior. Benares. Bombay. Matheran. Deccan. Anamallays. Trevandrum, Travan- core. India. India. India. Malay Peninsula. Pinang. India. This variety is almost completely Dr. Leith H.. E. sna: Esq. [P.]. Sir O. B. St. John [C.]; W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. C. Maries, ee pe Dr. Sayer { P Dr. Leith Pl. Dr. Leith [P.]. Col. Sykes [C.]. Col. Beddome [C. ] H. S. Ferguson, Esq. Dr. P. Russell [P.]. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. Dr. Cantor. Dr. Cantor. 370 COLUBRID. 4. Bungarus lividus. Bungarus lividus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p.32 ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 3889 (1890); W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 246. — ee Ny var. lividus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 113 (1847). —— lineatus, var. C, Giinth. Cat. p. 219 (1858). —— ceruleus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 343 (1864) ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 189; Theob. Cat. pet. Brit. Ind, p. 215 (1876). Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pree- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of chin-shields, anterior lungest and in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals but feebly enlarged and not broader than long. Ventrals 212-225 ; anal entire; subcaudals single, 37-56. Uniform black or brown above; upper lip white; lower parts white or pale brown. Total length 940 millim. ; tail 100. Assam, Bengal. a-c. 6 (V. 215; C. 37) & yg. Assam. East India Co. [P.]. (V. 214, 212; C. 40, 37). d. Hgr. (V. 212; C. 42). India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. 5. Bungarus bungaroides, (Pxare XVIII. fig. 5.) Elaps bungaroides, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 33. Xenurelaps bungaroides, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 345 (1864) ; Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 82; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 215 (1876); Blanf. Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxxviii. 1879, p. 181. Bungarus bungaroides, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., . p. 889 (1890) ; . Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 246. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of short, subequal chin-shields, the anterior in contact with three labials, Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals mnch enlarged, broader than long on the hinder half of the body. Ventrals 220-237; anal entire; subcaudals 44-51, all in pairs, or a few of the anterior single. Black, with white (yellow ?) transverse lines, the anterior angular and pointing forwards; these lines widen beneath, forming broad bands across the belly ; a yellow line across the snout and a curved one on each side, from the frontal shield to behind the angle of the mouth ; a third from the postoculars to the lip, Total length 800 millim. ; tail 100, Khasi hills and Darjeeling. 231. BUNGARUS. 371 a. Her. (V. 237; C. 46). Cherra Pungi, Khasi Dr. Cantor. (Type.). b. 2 (V. 283; ©. 51). Daxjooling, 6800 ft. W. T. Blanford, Esq. c. Yg. (V. 220; C. 44). Darjeeling. T, Jordon, Esq. [P.}. 6. Bungarus flaviceps. Bungarus flaviceps, Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p. 267, 1. iii. fig. 4; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 112 (1847); Dum. & Pibr. vii. p. 1274 (1854) ; Guinth. Cat. p. 221 (1858). Megerophis formosus, Gray, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (2) iv. 1849, p. 247. —— flaviceps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 346 (1864) ; Tirant, Rept. Cochinch, p. 33 (1885) ; W. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, 1x. 1891, . 245. P Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as broad as long or slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 13 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged. Ventrals 193-226; anal entire; subcaudals 42-54, partly single, partly double. Black above, with or without a yellow vertebral line, two outer rows of scales black and yellow; head red or yellow ; tail and sometimes posterior part of body orange- red. Total length 1850 millim.; tail 220. Tenasserim, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. A. Body uniform black above, brown below ; posterior part of body and tail red. a. 2 (V. 220; 0.2). © Sumatra. Zoological Society. B. A series of small yellow dots along the vertebral line; a yellow lateral streak along the two outer rows of scales; belly brown ; tail red; an elongate black marking on the back of the head. a. Yg. (V. 207; C. 54). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. b. Yg. (V. 193; C. 48). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. C. A yellow vertebral stripe; a yellow lateral streak; belly yellow, the shields edged with brown ; posterior part of body and tail uniform red. a,b. S (V. 219; C. 52) Sarawak Sir J. Brooke [P.}, & yg. (V. 217; C. 51). (Types of M. formosus.) e, 4. 5 (V. 226, 225; C. Sarawak ir H. Low [P.]. (62, 47). 232 872 COLUBRID. D. Anterior half of body as in C; posterior half of body and tail red, with pairs of black annuli enclosing a yellowish-white, black-spotted area. a. 2 (V, 206; ©.42), Kina Balu,N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 232. NAIA. Naja, Zaur. Syn. Rept. p. 90 (1768) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1275 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 220 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. i 119 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 388 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 390 (1890). : ; pe ene > ‘ Lm a AY K “hip 4 ‘ ‘ ‘ . Pas! Se \\ 4 * Skull of Naia tripudians. Ureus, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 173 (1830). Aspis, ye ie e. Tomyris, Kichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 171 (1881). Hamadryas (non Hiibn.), Cantor, Asiat. Res, xix. 1836, p. 87; Giinth, Cat, p. 218. . 232. NAIA, 373 Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837). Trimeresurus, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c, p. 1244; Jan, l. c. p. 118, - Pseudohaje, Guinth. Cat. p. 222. Ophiophagus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 340. Maxillary extending beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs, and one to three small, faintly grooved teeth near its posterior extremity ; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate or rather large, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals and the internasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, disposed obliquely, in 15-25 rows (or more on the neck); ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals all or greater part in two rows. Africa and Southern Asia. Synopsis of the Species. I. Seales in 19-35 rows on the neck, which is more or less dilatable. A. 17-25 scales across the middle of the body. 1. Sixth or seventh upper labial largest and deepest, in contact with postoculars. Eye separated from the labials by sub- oculars ; rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep .......... 1. hate, p. 374. . Third and fourth labials entering the eye ; rostral as deep as broad ............ 2. flava, p. 376. Third and fourth labials entering the eye ; rostral considerably broader than deep. 3. melanoleuca, p. 376. 2. Third upper labial deepest, sixth and seventh not in contact with postoculars. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep ; usually six upper labials; posterior chin-shields much narrower than the anterior and widely separated from each WAM ore Wg crack seat e aks + «8 az Ct ae 4, nigricollis, p. 378. Rostral once and one fourth to once and a half as broad as deep; seven upper labials ; posterior chin-shields as broad as the anterior and in contact with each other or narrowly separated in front .. 5. tripudians, p. 280. Rostral once and two thirds as broad as deep ; usually seven upper labials ; posterior chin-shields as broad as the anterior and in contact with each other in fFONE bp co ceeeneceserssserecee 6. samarensis, p. 385, 374 COLUBRID. B. 15 scales across the middle of the body ; a pair of large shields behind the parietals .......... 7. bungarus, p. 386. II. Seales in 15 or 17 rows on the neck. Rostral as deep as broad; eye separated from the labials by a series of sub- oculars ; scales in 17 rows on the body. 8. anchiete, p. 387. Rostral broader than deep; fourth or third and fourth Jabials entering the eye; scales in 15 rows on the body ...... 9. goldii, p. 387. Rostral broader than deep; thirdand fourth _ labials entering the eye; scales in 13 rows on the body ............e0. ... 10. guenthert, p. 388. 1. Naia haie. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xv. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber haje, Eo in Hasselq. Reise Palest. p. 366 (1762), and 8. N. i. p. 387 (1766); Forsk. Deser. Anim. p. 14 (1775). niveus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 384, Cerastes candidus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 83 (1768). Coluber candidissimus, Lacép. Serp. il. pp. 76 & 118 inn Vipera nivea, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 39 (1803). — haje, Daud. t.c. p. 41; I. Geo ye Deser. Faypte wes pl. vil. figs. 2, 4, 5 '(ia27), and re p. 184, pl. aC 829 Naja haje, Merr. Tent. p- 148 (1820) ; Jan, Rev. §& Mag. Zool. ) 850, p- 129; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p 187, pl. xx. figs, 7&8 (1882) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 188: 104; Tristram, Faun. Palest. p. 146 (1884); Valery Mayet, C.R. Ac. "Se. xeviii, 1884, ua haje, part., Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1298; A. Dum. Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 554. haje, var. annulifera, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 624; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, (1868) haje, var. A, Giinth. Cat. 22 —— haje, var. viridis, Peters, Mon. Sa ie 1873, p. 411, pl. i. fig. 1; Reichen. Arch. f. Nat. 1874, p. 293. Eye modarite, two fifths to one half the length of the snout. Rostral a deep as broad or slightly broader than deep, its upper portion measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and one fifth to once and a half as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, one half to two fifths the length of the parietals ; one or several more or less enlarged occipital shields behind the parietals; one preocular, not in contact with the internasal; two or three postoculars; two or three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials; temporals 142 or 3; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third deeper than fourth, sixth (or seventh) largest and in contact with the lower postocular ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as but narrower than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales, 21-23 scales across the neck, 19-2] across the middle of the body. Ventrals ’ 232. NAIA. 375 191-214; anal entire; subcaudals 53-64. Yellowish or olive to dark brown or black above, uniform or with darker or lighter spots’; lower parts yellowish, with a brown or black band on the neck, or dark brown to blackish ; head sometimes blackish. Total length 1180 millim. ; tail 290. Countries bordering the Sahara; Southern Palestine ; East Africa, southwards to Mozambique. A. Brown above, yellowish beneath, with or without brown spots. a. Hgr. (Sc. 53 V. 202; C. 64). b. Yg. (Se. =; V. 207; C. 61). 23 c-d. 3 (Sc. 5; V. 197; C.61) & 2 (Se 53 V. 205; C. 56). 23 é. Yg. (Se. 35; V. 211; C. 68). 21 f. Ri (Se. 213 V. 208 ; . 64). 23 g. 3 (Se. =; V. 204; C. 63). h. Q (Sc. 313 V. 209; C. 68). i-l,m. 3 (Se. 3 2; V. 197, 200, 208; ©. P, 62, 62) & 2 (Ge. a3 V- 214; ©. 53). m. 2 (Se. $3 V- 209; C. 58): o. Skull. Beltim, between Rosetta and Damietta. Gizeh. Fayoum. Maryut. Beni Hassan, Upper Egypt. Tel-el-Amarna, Upper Egypt. Egypt. Egypt. FP Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [ P.}. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson & W. M. Blackden, Esq. [ P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. J. Burton, Esq. [P.]. Sir J. G. Wilkinson [P.]. B. Dark brown above, with yellowish spots; dark brown beneath. a. & (Se. 53 V. 205; O. ?). b. g (Sc. =; V. 199; 0.2). Beni Hassan, Upper Egypt. —-? C. Blackish brown above and beneath. a. 2 (Se. 313 V. 200 ; C. 58). Morocco. Dr. J. Anderson & W. M. Blackden, Esq. [ P.]. Zoological Society. Zovlogical Society. 376 COLUBRID. 2. Naia flava. - srabiare Reise Afr. p. 190 (1784). ipera (Echidna) flava, Merr. Tent. p. 154 (1820). Naja nivea, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 557. —— haje, var., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 471,. pl. xvii. figs. 4 & 5 (1837) ; Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool, 1859, p. 129. —— nigra, Smith, Mag. N. H. ii. 1838, p. 92. feng Smith, 1. e. —haje, Smith, Ill, Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pls. xviii.-xxi. (1839) ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, p. 92. . —— haje, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1298 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 225 (1858); Bocage, Herp. Angola, i 132 (1895). —— haje, var. capensis, Jan, Elenco, p. 119 (1863). Eye moderate, two fifths to one half the length of the snout. Rostral as deep as broad, its upper portion measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad to once and two thirds as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, three fifths to two thirds the length of the parietals; one preocular, narrowly in contact with or separated from the internasal; three postoculars (one of which may be regarded as subocular); temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and in contact with the lower postoculars ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as but narrower than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales, 23 scales across the neck, 19 or 21 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 200-227; anal entire; subcaudals 50-67. Coloration very variabie, yellowish, reddish, or brown to black, uniform or with lighter and darker spots; a blackish band some- times present across the lower surface of the neck. Total length 1470 millim., ; tail 230. South Africa. a. 3 (Sc. 31; V.204; 0.65). Simons Bay. | H.MS. ‘Challenger,’ b. ¢ (Se. 2; V. 207; 0.57). Port Ehzabeth. J. = Leslie, Esq. c. Q (Se. 2; V. 200; 0.61). Port Elizabeth, Mr, J. L, Drege [P.]. d. Hgr. (Se. 3; V-216; 0.50). ——P? Haslar Collection. 3. Naia melanoleuca. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lxxxiii. fig. 2 (1735), Naja haje, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 471 (1837) ; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 182 (1895). —— haje, var. melanoleuca, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, Pe & 72; A, Dum. Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 218; Boettg. Ber. Senck, Ges. 1888, p. 80. haje, vars. B & O, Giinth. Cat. | Peg 1858). ) —— annulata, Buchh. § Peters, Mon, Berl, Ac, 1876, p. 119} 232. NAIA. 3877 Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 84; Bocage, 1. ¢. 1 Aspidelaps bocagii, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 205, pl. vi. fig. 2. : : Naja haje, var. leucosticta, Fvscher, Jahrb. Hamb, Wiss. Anst. ii. 885, p. 115, pl. iv. fig. 11. — melanoleuca, Matschie, Mitth. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 1898, p. 214. Eye moderate, two fifths to one half the length of the snout. Rostral once and one third to once and a half as broad as deep, its upper portion measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, as broad as the supra- ocular, not longer than its distance from the rostral, one half to three fifths the length of the parietals; one preocular, rarely in contact with the internasal; two or three postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and in contact with the lower postoculars; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or a little shorter than the anterior, and in contact with each other anteriorly. 23-29 scales across the neck, 19-21 across the middle of the body. Coloration very variable. Sides of head yellowish or whitish, some or all of the labials with posterior black edge. Total length 2400 millim. ; tail 400. Tropical Africa. | A.. Black, with a lighter angular marking or ring on the hood; anterior ventral region with yellowish cross-bars alternating with black ones. 27 a. 6 (Se. jo; V. 218; Niger Expedition. ©. 2). b. g (Sc. =; V.217;C. Oil River. Sir H. H. Johnston 67). [P.]. ce. Ad., skin (Se. =; V. Uganda. Mr. Baxter [C.]. 212; C. P). B. As in the preceding (of which’ it is no doubt the young), but with white dots or edges to the dorsal scales; the white may be disposed in cross-bars, a-b. Yg. (Se. rf wi V. Eloby, Gaboon. J,G. Fischer Collection. 219, 215; ©. 68, 67). c. Yg. (Sc. 32; V. 208; W. Africa. Mrs, Burton [P.]. C. ?). d, Yg. (Se. = V. 204; W. Africa. C. 67). 378 COLUBRID. C. Uniform black (sides and under surface of head excepted). a. do (Se. 2; V. 207; Coast of Guinea. C. 60). D. Anterior half of body pale brown above and white beneath, with blackish annuli, which are broader on the back ; posterior part of body and tail black. a. Yg. (Se. =; V. 208; Gambia. J. Mitchell, Esq. [P.]. C. 70). E. Brown above, with small black spots; uniform yellowish beneath. a. 3 (Se. ai V. 207; Oil River. Sir H. H. Johnston C. 66). [P.]. b, Ad., skin (Se. 2; V. Shiré Valley, Brit. 208 ; C. 65). C. Africa. 4. Naia nigricollis. Vipera haje, part., I. Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pl. vii. fig. 3 1827). Naja nigricollis, Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 269, pl. iii. figs. 5-7 ; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb, i. 1866, pp. 51 & 71, pl. i. fig. 4; ” Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, eS 237; Jan, Icon. Gén, 45, pl. i. fig. 1 (1874); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 138, pl. xx. figs. 9 & 10 (1882) ; Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p.83; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 81; Stejneger, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1893, p. 734; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 168 ; Bocage, Herp. a tee 135 (1895). —— mossambica, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1854, p. 625. —— nigricollis, var. crawshayi, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 620. Eye moderate, two fifths to one half the length of the snout in the adult. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals, in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular; frontal once and one fifth to twice as long as broad, as broad as or narrower than the supraocular, as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two (rarely one) pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2 or 3+4 or 5; six (rarely seven) upper labials, third (or third and fourth) deepest and entering the eye, last longest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields narrow, as long as or longer than the anterior, and widely separated from each other. 21-29 scales across the neck, 17-25 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 183-228; anal entire; subcaudals 55-68, . Coloration very variable. Total length 2000 millim, ; tail 300. Africa, from Senegambia and Upper Egypt to Angola and the Transvaal, 232. NAIA. 379 A. Var. mossamBica, Peters.—Brown or olive above, some or all of the scales black-edged, the skin between the scales black; yellowish beneath, the ventrals speckled or edged with brown or blackish ; lower surface of neck with black cross-bars. a. Q (Sc. x; V. 228; C. 2). b. Q (Sc. =; V. 186; C. 58). c. 2 (Se. m3 V. 194; C. ?). d-e. Heads & tail. f. Yg. (Se. =; V. 183; C. 56). Assouan. Zomba, Brit. C. Africa, Shiré Valley. Zambesi. De Kaap Gold- fields, Transvaal. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.) Sir J. Kirk [C.]. Dr. P. Rendall [C.]. B. Var. pattipa.—Uniform brown above, yellowish beneath; lower surface of neck brown in the adult; young with a broad black ring round the neck. a. Yg. (Se. zt. V. 201; C. 68). b. gd, head & anterior part of body & tail 25 (Se. aD: Inland of Berbera, Somaliland. Lake Rudolf. EK. Lort Phillips, Esq [P.]. Dr. Donaldson Smith [C.]. C, Forma typtca.—Dark olive to black above; lower surface of head and neck black; subcaudals and posterior ventrals black, the remainder black and yellow. a. & (Se. =; ¥. 201 $ C. ?). b. 2 (Sc. =; V. 198; €. 66). c. 2 (Se: =; V. 196; C. 61). d-e. Hgr. (Se. =; V. 196, 198; C. 66, 60). 25 J. Hgr. (Sc. 3; V. 196; a A ane ae g. Ad., skin (Sc. 3; V. 184; 0.63). h. Ad., skin (Se. 33; V. 186; C. 65). ¢. Skull of g. Gambia. Bissao. W. Africa. W. Africa, W. Africa. L. Mweru, Brit. C. Africa. Zongomero, interior of E. Africa, Sir A. Moloney [P.]. Prof. B. du Bocage [P.], Mr. Rich [C,]. College of Surgeons. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. (Type of var. crawshayt.) Capt. Speke [P.]. 380 COLUBRID. 5. Naia tripudians. Seba, Thes.i. pl. xliv. fig. 1 (1734), and ii. pls. Lxxxix. figs, 1-4, xe, figs. 1 & 2, and xevii. figs. 1 & 2 (1735) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. i. ls. v. & vi. (1796), & ii. pls. i, & xxxvi. (1801). . Coluber naja, Linn. Mus. Ad, Frid. p. 30, pl. xxi. fig. 1 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 382 (1767). Naja lutescens, Laur. Syn, Rept. p. 91 (1768) ; Cantor, Cat. Mail. pt. p. 117 (1847). —— fasciata, Laur. 1. c. —— brasiliensis, Law. 1. c. ; ; —— siamensis, Laur. 1. ¢. — maculata, Laur. 1. c. —— non naja, Laur. 1. ¢. E 92. Coluber czecus, Gmel, S. NV. i. p, 1104 (1788). rufus, G'mel. 1. c. p. 1105, —— peruvii, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 90 & 102 (1789). —— brasilie, Lacép. 1. c. pp. 90 & 104. Vipera naja, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 61, pl. Ixxi. (1803). Elaps fuscus, Merr. Tent. p. 144 (1820). Naja tripudians, Merr. 1. c. p. 147; Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pls. Ixxvii.lxxix. (1834) ; Schleg. he Serp. ii. p. 466, pl. xvii. figs, 1-8 (1837) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1293 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 338 (1864) ; Stoliezka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 211; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pls. ivi. (1874) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 45, pl. i. fig. 3 (1874) ; Pheob. Cat. Rept, Brit. Ind. p. 208 (1876) ; Blanf. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1, 1881, p. 241; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 387 (1884); Tirant, t. Cochinch, p. 30 1888) ; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 948; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 35, and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 391, fig. (1890); »v. Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyd. Mus. xii. 1890, p. 26, and in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn. i. p. 191 (1891); W. Selater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p.246; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xiv. es 34 5 84. —— sputatrix, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 557; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. . B91, ‘fomayele oxiana, Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 171 (1831), and Faun. Casp.-Caue, p. 104, pl. xx. (1841), Naja tripudians, vars. fasciata & nigra, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. —— kaouthia, Lesson, in Bélang. Voy. Ind. Or., Rept. p. 312, pl. ii. (1834). | —— larvata, Cantor, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1839, p. 32. —— atra, Cantor, Ann. § Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p. 482. ——~- tripudians, var. sondaica, Schley, Abbild. p. 139, pl. xlviii. figs. 1-10 (1844), —— tripudians, part., Giinth. Cat, p, 228 (1858). — fot pee ee var. scopinucha, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, okt oxiana, Strauch, Bull, Ac. St. Pétersb. xiii, 1868, p. 87, and Schl. Russ. R. p. 204 (1873); Nikolsky, Tr. St. Petersb. Soc. Nat. xvii. rei p- 405; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc, (2) v. 1889, p. 103, ]. xi. fig. 2. AA 3 tripudians, var. unicolor, Peters, Preuss. Exped. O.-As., Zool. i, p. 382 (1876). Eye moderate, one third to one half the length of the snout, Rostral once and one fourth to once and a half as broad as deep, its . 232. NAIA. 381 upper portion measuring one fourth to one half its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals, in contact with the preocular; frontal as long as broad or longer than broad, as broad as or little broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the rostral; one preocular; three (rarely two) postoculars; temporals 2+3 or 3+3,5 seven upper labials, third deepest, seventh largest, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than tho posterior. Neck dilatable. 21-35 scales round the neck, 17-25 round the middle of the body. Ventrals 163-205; anal entire ; subcaudals 42-75. Coloration very variable. Total length 1550 millim.; tail 230.—A skin from Mysore measures 1900 millim. Southern Asia, from Transcaspia to China and the Malay Archipelago. This species, as here understood, varies very considerably, and the forms enumerated hereafter might be regarded as distinct species but for the absence of any sharp demarcation-lines between them. The author has taken a conservative view in this case and provisionally maintained intact the association which has so long been known under the name of Naja tripudians. It is never- theless advisable to recognize some of the forms as subspecies. A.’ Forma typica (C. naja, L.; NV. lutescens, fasciata, brasiliensis, siamensis, Laur.; C. rufus, Gmel.).—Yellowish to dark brown - above, with black-and-white spectacle-mark on the hood and a black-and-white spot on each side of the lower surface of the hood. 25-35 scales across the neck, 23-25 across the middle of the body. a, One or two dark brown cross-bands on the belly behind the hood. a-d, 9 (Se. st; V.181; Deccan. Colonel Sykes [P.]. C. 55), hgr. (Se. a3 V. 183; C. 57), & yg. (Sc. 4, =; V.177,170; 23? 23 C. 57, 56). e. Yg. (Se. sai V. 182; Anamallays. Colonel Beddome [C.]. C. 58). f. 2 (Sc. 5; V. 193; Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P ], C. 64). | g. Yg. (Se.gg3 V. 170 Madras, J. E. Boileau, Esq. [P.]. C. 60). h, Ad., skin (Se. = Mysore. Sir J. Fayrer [P.]. 190; C. 56). 382 COLUBRID. i, Ad., skin (Sc. 3; V. Bengal. F. Enoch, Esq. [P.]. 188; C. ?). k. Q (Sce.a; V. 187; Pinang. Dr. Cantor, C.58). b, Body variegated with darker and lighter; belly with several dark cross-bands, which may extend across the back. a-b. 2 (Se. ai V. 189; Near Candy, Capt. Gascoigne [P.]. ©. 68) & hgr, (Se. 3; V. 191; C. 61). : c. Yg. (Se. $3; V. 185; Ceylon. Sir E. Tennant [P.]. C. 60). d-e. Yg. (Sc. es AF V. Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq.[P.}, 174, 184; C. 65, 60). F-g. Yg. (Se. = si V. Ceylon. 179, 185; C. 62, 55), B. Var. cmoa (N. non-naja, Laur.; C. cecus, Gmel.; 7. owxiana, Eichw.).—Uniform pale brown or grey to blackish; no marking on the hood; one or more dark cross-bands on the anterior part of the belly ; young sometimes with dark rings. 25-31 scales across the neck, 21-25 across the middle of the - body. a. Q (Se.z; V. 197; Togly-olum, Trans- Dr. Radde [C.]. C. 62) caspia. b-d. Q (Sc. 3; V. 198; Ohinkilok & Kara- Dr. Aitchison [0.]. C. 63), and heads of bagh. Afghan Boundary Commission. adults, e-f,9. & (Se. 5 m3 V. Gilgit, Colonel Biddulph [P.]. 195, 208; C. 78, 71) & yg. (Se. 53 V. 208 ; C. 75). h. Q (Sc. 2; V. 192; Sikkim. Messrs. vy. Schlagint- C. P). weit [C.]. i, g (Se. #; V. 184; Kurrachee. KurracheeMuseum{0.}, C, 68), k. Ad., stfid. (Se. z)- Saugor, Central N. E. Robin, Esq, [P.}. Provinces, 1, Ad., skin (Se. 3; V. Bengal. F. Enoch, Esq. [P.]. 186; ©. 58). m,. 2 (Se. a V. 172; Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. C. 48). eK SUC 232. NATA. 383 n. Q (Se. er V. 180; Java. C. 48). o. 3, skin (Se. 2; V, Highlands of Le- Whitehead Expedition. 194; ©. ?). pauto, N. Luzon. p. & (Se. a5 Vv. 180; ——P?P Mrs. Mauger [P.]. C. 60). C. Var. rascrata, Gray (NV. kaouthia, Less., NV. larvata, Cant., var. scopinucha, Cope).—Brown, olive, or blackish above, often with more or less distinct light, black-edged cross-bars; hood with a whitish, black-edged ring or U, or with a mask-shaped figure; a black spot on each side under the hood. 25-81 scales across the neck, 19-21 across the middle of the body. a. Body dark brown behind, with light variegations ; two to four blackish cross-bars under the anterior part of body. 31 27 a,b. 3 (Se. 5 553 V.181, Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit 181; C. ?, 54). [C.}. c. 3 (Sc. 373 V.176; 0.?). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.]. d. & (Sc. a3 V. 176; Calcutta. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit C. 56). C.). e. § (Sc. 3; V-177; C.?), Bengal ? E. India Co. fh, g« Ya..8e. 7 5 V. India. Gen, Hardwicke [P.]. 186, 177; C. 51, 48). h-i,k. 3 (Sc. #; V-185; India. C. 55), 2 (SZ; Vz 190; C.53), & yg. (Se. 5 V. 179; C. 57). b. Olive to blackish above, the skin between the scales black; lower surface of neck white, with a black cross-bar, rest of lower parts dark brown or blackish. a. 9 (Se. =; V. 166; C. Kiu Kiang. J. Walley, Esq. [P.]. 48). b. Q (Se. #3 V.170; 0.?). Canton. Haslar Collection. ce. 2 (Se. 2; V.168; ©. Hoi How, Hainan. J, Neumann, Esq. [P.}. 43). d-e. 3 (Se. 313 V.170; Siam. C. 48) & 2 (Se F; V. 174; C. 47). f. Her. (Se. #3 V. 179; Kedah, Malay 3B. E. Mitchell, Esq. C. 59). Peninsula. (P.]. 384 COLUBRID. D. Var. sputatrix (JN. sputatrix, Boie, var. nigra, Gray, N. atra, Cantor).—Black or dark brown above and beneath, with some yellow or orange on the sides of the head and neck; young with a pale U or O-shaped marking on the hood, and the chin and throat whitish. 25 scales across the neck, 19-21 across the middle of the body. a. 3 (Se. 3; V.167;0.?). Chusan Ids. J. J. Walker, Esq. [P.]. 6. Yg. (Se. G3 V-177; China. R. Lindsay, Esq. [P-]. C. 47). | c. 9 (Se. 42; V.185; O. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. 49). d. 9 (Se. Fe V.191; C. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. 48). e. Yg. (Sc. 3 V. 174; Sumatra, C. 46). f. Yg. (Sc. 2; V. 163; Batavia. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. C. 44). [P.]. , E. Var. LevcoprrA.—Brown or blackish; no marking on the hood ; lower surface of neck yellowish white, followed by a black cross-band, and usually with an azygous black spot anteriorly and one or two on each side. 21-25 scales across the neck, 17 or 19 across the middle of the body. a-d. 2 (Se. i +73 V-186, Deli, Sumatra. Mr, Iversen [C.]. 191; 0. 52, 50) & yg. (Se. $3, 47; V. 192, 188; C. 52, 51). e. 2 (Sc. 7; V. 198; C. Malay Peninsula? Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. 51). F. Var. mrorerts.—Dark brown or black; sides of head and throat yellowish, whitish in the young; no marking on the hood; young with whitish rings completely encircling the body and tail, and with the white of the sides of the neck extending backwards towards its fellow to form an angular band behind the hood. 21-23 scales across the neck, 17-19 across the middle of the body. a,b,c. & (Se. i, 73 V. Sarawak. Sir J. Brooke [P.]. 185,188; ©. ?,51) & 2 (Sc. 7; V. 192; 0. 48). d, Yg. (Se. 7 V. 199; Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. O. 46). Hgr. (Se. 7; V. 192; RejangR.,Sarawak, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.] C. 45) 232, NAIA. 385 t-g. & (Se. a V. 181; Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. 0.47) & Q (Se. 2; V. [P} 182; C. ?). h. Yg. (Se. 77; V. 186; Mt. Kina Balu, N. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. C. 49). Borneo. t Yg. (Se. ne V. 186; Limbawan, Lower A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. O. 46). Padas R., N. Borneo. k. 2 (Se. 5 ; V. 186; C. Borneo. Sir E Belcher [P.]. 50). I. 2 (Se. .i V. 199; C. Borneo. 42). m. Yg. (Se. 4 V. 185; Palawan. . A. Everett, Esq. [P.]. C. 47). a. Skeleton. ") India. 6, c. Skulls. India. 6. Naia samarensis. Naja tripudians, var. F, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 225 (1858). tripudians, var. samarensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p- 690. Eye moderate, about half as long as the snout in the adult. Rostral once and two thirds as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals, in contact with or narrowly separated from the preocular ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as broad as the supraocular, as long as or shorter than its distance from the rostral, one half to three fifths the length of the parietals; one or three enlarged occipital shields may be present behind the parietals; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3; seven upper labials (exception- ally six through fusion of the third and fourth), third deepest, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. 21 or 23 scales across the neck, 17 or 19 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 159-175; anal entire; subcaudals 45-50. Black above, uniform or variegated with yellowish; yellowish or pale brownish beneath, the neck (14 shields or more) black. Total length 1000 millim.; tail 160. Philippine Islands. a..d (Se. 45; V.170; 0.49). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. b. 2 (Se. a V.174; C.?). N. Mindanao. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. c. Yg. (Se. 2; V.159; C.50.) 8. Leyte. A, Everett, Esq. [C.1. VOL. III.- 26 386 COLUBRID. 7. Naia bungarus. Hamadryas hannah, Cantor, As. Res. xix. 1836, p. 87, pls. x.-xii. Naja bungarus, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii, p. 476, pl. xvii, figs. 8 & 9 (1887); Schleg. § Miill. in Temm. Verh. Overz, Bez. Nederl. Ind., Rept. p. 71, pl. x. (1844); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 690; eee: Pou. Ind., Rept. p. 392, fig. (1890). Hamad Ae hiophagus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1839, p. 32, and Cat. we p. 116 (1847). asthe a Ree eye art., Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1245 (1854). Hamadryas e iinth . 219 (1858). Trimeresurus =! rus, aa ev. § Mag. Zool, 1859, p, 129, and Wenge Gén, 44, pl. iv. (1878). a fasciata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p i earn elaps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. ? BA (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 210, pl. xi. fig. 7 ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 188 ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. oo pls. vii. & vili. (1874) ; Boetig. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1888, Naja elaps, Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 209 (sro). ingens, v. Hasselt, Versl. Ak. Amsterd. xvii. 1882, p. 140. —— tripudians, var. sumatrana, F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 277. Eye moderate, two fifths to one half the length of the snout in the adult. Rostral once and a half to once and two thirds as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals, separated from the preocular; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; a pair of large occipital shields ; one preocular (rarely two); three postoculars; temporals 242; seven upper labials, third deepest, seventh longest, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. 19 or 21 scales across the neck, 15 across the middle of the body. Ventrals 215-262 ;.anal entire; subcaudals 80-117, the anterior usually single. Coloration very variable. Yellowish, brown, or olive to- black, with or without more or less marked dark cross-bands. . Total length 3900 millim. ; tail 630. India, Burma, Indo-China, Southern China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. A. With dark cross-bands or annuli, of which at least traces persist in old specimens. Young annulate black and yellow. a, Ad., skin, Near Collem, Goa. W.F. Hamilton, Esq. b. Head of adult. 8. Canara. Col. Beddome [C.. ce. Yg. (V.246; C.91). Anamallays. Col, Beddome | C.}, d. Ad., stffd. Madras, Sir W. Elliot e. 2 (V. 254; C. 83). Pegu. W. Theobald, “Esq. Ww. f-g. 3 (V. 287; C.95) Siam. Newman, Esq. ‘% 2 (V. 261; 0. 86). (P.] 232. NAIA. 387 h. Yg. (V. 236; 0.93). | Cochinchina. KE. Cox-Smith, Esq.[P.]. t. Ad., skeleton. Burma. ; B. Black above, with narrow white cross-bars; whitish beneath, all the shields black-edged. a. Yg. (V. 250; ©. 117). ——? C. Olive above, scales and shields black-edged; young blackish, with a yellow spot on each scale. a. 3 (V. 244; C. 82). N, Canara. T. A. Bulkley, Esq. P.]. b. Yg.(V.257; C.114). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. ec. Yg. (V.248; C.118). Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. (7rimere- surus boiet, ee .d. 2 (V. 261; C. 81). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. e. Ad.,.head & tail. Isabella, N.E.Luzon. Whitehead Expedition. D. Dark brown above and beneath ; lower surface of head and neck yellow. a. 3 (V. 254; C. ?). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.}. 6. 3 (VY. 256; C. 1183). Claudetown, Baram OC. Hose, Esq. [C. ]. R., Sarawak. 8. Naia anchietzx. Naia anchiete, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. vii. 1879, pp. 89 & 98, and Herp. Angola, p. 133, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1895). Naja haje, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 164. Eye moderate, about half the length of the snout. Rostral as deep as broad, its upper portion forming an acute angle wedged in between the internasals, and measuring nearly its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, half as long as the parietals; one pra- and two post- oculars; three or four suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, sixth largest and in contact with the lower postocular; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Neck non-dilatable. Scales in 17 rows on the neck as well as on the body. Ventrals 181-192; anal entire; subcaudals 52-62. Brown to blackish above; end of snout and sides of head yellow; yellow or pale brownish beneath, with or without brown spots and with a brown or black cross-band under the neck. Total length 1800 millim.; tail 340. Angola and Ovamboland. 9. Naia goldii. (Puate XX. fig. 2.) Naia goldii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 34. Eye large, two thirds the length of the snout in the adult. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above one third 202 388 COLUBRID. to one half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the prwfrontals, not reaching the preocular; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; one or two pre- and two post- oculars ; one, two, or three suboculars; temporals 142 or 3; seven upper labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and in contact with the lower suboculars; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows on the neck as well as on the body. Ventrals 194-195; anal entire; subcaudals 88. Black above, uniform or with transverse series of small whitish spots; sides of head and end of snout white, with most of the sutures between the shields black; ventrals white, with a black edge, which becomes gradually broader until, on the posterior fourth of the body, the shields are entirely black; subcaudals black. Total length 1750 millim. Lower Niger. a. d (V. 195; C.?). Asaba. H. Crosse, Esq b. Yg. (V. 194; C.88). Mouths of the Niger. A. Bh, ape UP} 10. Naia guentheri. (Pxiare XXI.) Pseudohaje nigra, Giinth. Cat. p. 222 (1858), nec Naia nigra, Smith. Eye large, about two thirds the length of the snout. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the prefrontals, not reaching the preocular; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; one preeocular; three postoculars, one of which may be termed a subocular; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and in contact with the lower postoculars ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows on the neck, in 13 rows on the body. Ventrals 185; anal entire ; subcaudals 74, Black above, brown beneath. Total length 2130 millim. ; tail 470. West Africa ? a. d (V. 185; C. 74). —-* Lord Derby [P.]. (Type.) 233. SEPEDON. Sepedon, Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 146 (1820); Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 178 (1830) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 32 (1849); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1258 (1854 Naja, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 461 (1837). Aspidelapa, part., Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool, 1859, p. 510, 233. sBPEDON. 389 Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs; no other maxillary teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head not distinct from neck ; ; canthus rostralis distinct ; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals and the internasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales oblique, keeled, without pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. South Africa. 1. Sepedon hemachates. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. Ixxv. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber heemachata, Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 121 & 115, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1789). hxemachates, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 31 (1789). Vipera heemachates, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 30 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. vi. - p. 207 (1803). Sepedon hemachates, Merr. Tent. p. 146 (1820); Gray, Cat. p. 38 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1259 (1854). Naia capensis, Smith, Edinb. N. Philos. Journ. i. 1826, p. 252. Naja hemachates, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 481, pl. xvii. tigs, 10 & 11 (1837) ; Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xxxiv. (1843). Aspidelaps heemachates, Jan, Elenco, p- 118 S68), and Icon. Gén. 44, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1878). Snout prominent, obtusely pointed. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion nearly as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; one preocular, in contact with the internasal and the posterior nasal; three postoculars ; temporals 2+3, lower anterior very large; seven upper labials, third deepest, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 116-150; anal entire; sub- caudals 33-44. Black above, spotted, variegated, or irregularly barred with yellowish white or pale brown, or brown spotted with black ; black beneath, often with one or two whitish cross-bands on the neck. Total length 650 millim.; tail 120. Cape of Good Hope and Namaqualand. a. Q (V. 187; C. 43). Table Mt., Cape Town. H. A. Spencer, Esq. Fr b. d (V. 118; C. 40). Cape of Good Hope. Lords of the Admi- ralty [P.]. ce. Hgr.(V.141; C. 39). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Statham [P.}. d. Q aw. 133 ; 0. 38). Namaqualand. 4: 2% 130; C. 33). 8S. Africa. College of Surgeons. St, g-h. 3 (V. 116,117; 5S. Africa, Haslar Collection. C. 37, 38) & (Vv. 121; C. 36). a Skull. Cape of Good Hope. 390 . COLUBRID. 234, ASPIDELAPS. Naja, part., Sch/eg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 461 (1837), Aspidelaps, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. App. Fup: 21 (1849). Cyrtophis, Smith, i.e. p. 22; Giinth. Cat, OM. . 226 (1858) ; abe sh Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 189 (1882). art., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. Mi 1191 ee Anacke Ps, ‘part., Jan, Rev. § iad Zool, 859, p- Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs; no other maxillary teeth; mandibular teeth, anterior longest. Head slightly distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round or vertically elliptic pupil ; rostral shield very large, detached on the sides ; nostril between two or three nasals and the internasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales oblique, smooth or keeled, without pits, in 19 to 23 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Soath Africa and Mozambique. 1. Aspidelaps lubricus. ae Psat ii, pl. xxxiv. fig. 4, & pl. xliii. fig. 3 (1735); Merr. Beytr. Ad ahh ii. (1790). Natux lubrica, Laur, Syn, Rept. p. 80 (1768). Coluber latonia, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 156 (1803). Elaps lubricus, Merr, Tent. p 143 (1820); Dum. & Bir. vii. p. 1218 (1854), Naia somersetta, Smith, Edinb. N. Philos. Journ. i. 1826, p. 253. Naja lubrica, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 484, pl. xvii. figs. 14 & 16 (1837). Aspidelaps lubricus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. App. p. 21 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. 44, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1873); Boettg. Abh, Nat. Ges. Niirnberg, viii. 1891, p. 93. Ome a 88 scutatus, Giinth. ‘Cat. p. 227 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soe. Rostral as deep as broad, one third the width of the head, forming a right or acute angle above; internasals much longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; internasal and posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 3, lower anterior very large and reaching or nearly reaching the mouth; six (rarely seven) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the pos- terior. Scales smooth, in 19 (or 21) rows. Ventrals 146-167; anal entire; subcaudals 20-28. Whitish (orange or red in life), with black annuli which are slightly angular on the back ; a black bar below the eye ; sometimes a black cross-bar between ‘the eyes and an oblique band on the temple; upper surface of head some- times entirely black. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 55. Cape Colony and Great Namaqualand, 234, ASPIDELAPS, 391 A. 20-32 black annuli, much narrower than the interspaces, Hgr. (V.151; C.21). Cape of Good Hope. Mr. O'Halloran [C.], b. 2 (V. 147; ©. 22). SS. Africa. Mr. Goldschmidt C. }. c—d, Ke 6 AV, 152, 8S. Africa. B, 42-47 black annuli, much narrower than the interspaces; white scales black-edged. a. 2 (V. 167; C. 24). Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]}. b. 2 (V. 159; C. 23). Caffraria. J. ft M. Weale, Hsq. P.). C. 38-42 black annuli, broader than the interspaces. a, 2 (V. 160; C. 26). Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P a b. 2 (V. 150: C. 28). Cape of Good Hope. Officers of the Chat- ham Museum [P.]. 2. Aspidelaps scutatus. Cyrtophis scutatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. App. p. 22 pes Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 139, pl. xx. figs. 1-6 (1882). Naia fula-fula, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mossamb., Rept. p. 41, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1849). Aspidelaps acuta, Jan, Elenco, p. 118 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 44, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1873). Rostral broader than deep, two fifths to half as broad as the head, forming an obtuse angle above, separating the internasals ; frontal small, as long as broad or broader than long, as long as the prefrontals, shorter than the parietals; internasal and posterior nasal in contact with the preocular, which is single or divided ; three postoculars; temporals 2+4, lower anterior very large; six upper labials, fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 to 23 rows, smooth or faintly keeled, tubercularly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on the tail. Ventrals 115-135; anal entire; subcaudals 24-38. Pale greyish brown above, with transverse dark spots or cross-bands ; a A-shaped black marking on the head; a black nuchal collar en- circling the neck, followed by a large black blotch; a black vertical streak below the eye; belly whitish. Total length 190 millim.; tail 22, Grows to 520 millim. South-east Africa (Natal, Delagoa Bay, Inhambane). a. Yg. (Sc. 21; V. 128; Natal. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (One C. 25). of the types.) 392 COLUBRID, 235. WALTERINNESIA. Walterinnesia, Zataste, Le Naturaliste, 1887, p..411. Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved fangs ; no other maxillary teeth ; mandibular teeth, anterior largest. Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis ; eye rather small, with round pupil; rostral large; nostril between two or three nasals and the internasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without pits, in 28 rows (more on the neck); ventrals rounded. Tail rather short; sub- caudals all or most in two rows. Egypt. 1. Walterinnesia egyptia. Walterinnesia egyptia, Lataste, 1. c. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, two thirds the length of the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular, which is more than twice as long as deep; two postoculars and a subocular; temporals 243, lower anterior very large; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, third, fourth, and fifth deepest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows (27-on the neck), feebly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on the tail. Ventrals 189-197; anal divided; subcaudals 45-48, first 2 to 8 single, rest divided. Blackish brown above, paler brown beneath. Total length 1170 millim. ; tail 170. Egypt. a. od (V. 189; C. 48). Cairo. Dr. Walter Innes [P.]. 236. HEMIBUNGARUS. Elaps, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1191 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 229 (1858); Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 516. Oallophis, part., Gtinth. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 81. Hemibungarus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 637, Maxillary bone extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs and one to three small solid teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Prefrontal bones in contact with each other on the median line. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals ; no loreal. Body cylindrical, much elongate; scales smooth, without pits, in 13 or 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia, 236, HEMIBUNGARUS. 393 Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 15 rows ; ventrals 219-260 ; subcaudals 12-22. Temporals 2+38 ; six upper labials ...... 1. calligaster, p. 393. No anterior temporals, sixth upper labial forming a suture with the parietal ; seven upper. Iabialgiq. sob e002 we, wees 2 collaris, p. 393. II. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 218-251; subcaudals 33-44; a Gis COMPOERE occ c os cc ek bhi a cme 3. nigrescens, p. 394. Ventrals 190-216; subcaudals 28-29 ; ee ear ae 4, japonicus, p. 395. 1. Hemibungarus calligaster. Elaps calligaster, Wiegm. N. Act. Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 258, pl. xx. fig. 2; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1226 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 231 (1858) ; Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, pp. 509, 510, and Icon. Gén. 45, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1878). Callophis calligaster, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 83. Hemibungarus calligaster, Meyer, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 213; Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1872, p. 587. gemianulis, Peters, J. c. ; Callophis gemianulis, F. Miill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1888, p. 289. Rostral a little broader than deep ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+3,; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 219-260; anal entire; subcaudals 17-22. Purplish brown to black above, with narrow whitish cross-bars ; red beneath, with black cross-bars, most of which are divided by a light cross-bar ; end of snout yellowish; a black bar on the upper lip below the eye ; end of tail red. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 30. Philippine Islands. ; a. 2 (V. 219; C. 22). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. b-d. 2 (V. 229, 235; C.22, Philippines. Museum Godeftroy, 19) & yg. (VY. 260; C. 17). e. 2 (V. 221; C. 19). Albay, S.E. Luzon. Whitehead Expedition. f. Skull of e. 2. Hemibungarus collaris. Elaps collaris, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 448 (1837), and Abbid. p. 187, pl. xlvi. figs. 10 & 11 (1844) ; Jan, Elenco, p. 114 (1868), and Icon. Gén. 48, pl. i. fig. 1 (1873). gastrodelus, Dum. & Bvrbr. vii. p. 1212 (1854). ; Hemibungarus collaris, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1886, p. 117. 394 COLUBRID. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, as long as the parietals ; one pree- and two postoculars ; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and forming a suture with the parietal; anterior chin-shields in contact with the symphysial and with four lower labials; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 228-230; anal divided; subcaudals 12-22. Blackish above, barred black and red below ; a yellowish occipital collar. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 15. Philippine Islands. 3. Hemibungarus nigrescens. P Elaps malabaricus, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1853, p. 522. Callophis nigrescens, Giinth. a4 ¥ “eae N. H. (8) ix. F862, p. 181, and Rept. Brit. Ind. l. xxiv. fig. F (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p ‘318 (1876); Phipson, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. ii. 1887, p. 248; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. . 384 (1890). Ca lophia concinnus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se. 1863 — pentalineatus, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med. Se. 1871. Rostral broader than deep; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; a single temporal; seven upper Jabials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields as long as the posterior or a little shorter, in contact with four labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 218-251; anal usually divided; subcaudals 33-44. Falls into several colour-varieties, which are connected by insensible gradations; head and nape black, with an oblique yellow band, sometimes broken up into spots, on each side from the parietals to behind the angle of the mouth; upper lip yellow in front of and behind the eye ; lower parts uniform red. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 115. Hills of Western India, from Bombay to Travancore. A. Dark purplish brown above, with three or five longitudinal series of black, light-edged spots. a, Hgr. (V. 218; C. 32). Shevaroys, 4000 ft. Col. Beddome [0.]. B. The spots confluent and forming three or five longitudinal black bands edged with whitish. (C. nigrescens, Gthr.) a. 9 (V. 241; C. 34). India. pt we (P Pr Tet (T b. d (V. 241; C. 48). Nilgherries, ool Boddne ae c. d (V. 244; C, 42). Kotagiri, Nil- J. R. Henderson gherries, d. Hgr. (V. 242; C.34). . Wynad. ont bia [0.]. 236. HEMIBUNGARUS. 395 C. Intermediate between A and B. a-b. § (V.240; C.?) & Q Nilgherries. W. Theobald, Esq. . (V, 241; ©. 35). — [C]). D. Dark purplish brown above, with three or five more or less distinct black stripes, which are not light-edged. (C. concinnus, Bedd.) a. 5 (V. 246; C. 41). Nilgherries, 6000 Col. Beddome [C. ]. ft. b, e-d. 5 (V. 248, 225,235; Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.}. C. 43, 38, 42). E. Pale reddish brown or red above, with five black stripes. (C. penta- lineatus, Bedd.) a-c. d (V. 238, 247; C.39, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 35) & Q (V.241; 0.35). d-e, f-g. & (V. 251, 245; Anamallays,4700 W. Davison, Esq. [C.]. C.°44, 40), 9 (V. 236; ft. h. 3 (V. 249; ©. 43). N. Travancore Col. Beddome [C.]. Hills. i-k. 3 (V. 243; 0.36) & Tinnevelly Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. her. (V. 234; C. 37). 1. Skull of d. 4, Hemibungarus japonicus. Callophis japonicus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 428, pl. xvii. fig. C; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) x. 1892, p. 302, and Zool, Rec. 1894, Rept. p. 31. boettgeri, Fritze, Zool. Jahrb. vii. 1894, p. 861. Rostral broader than deep ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 13 rows.- Ventrals 190-216; anal divided; subcaudals 28-29. Red above, with one, three, or five black stripes crossed by black bars edged with yellowish ; snout and sides of head black ; yellowish beneath, with large black spots alternating with black cross-bars, which may form annuli with the dorsal bars. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 40. Loo Choo Islands; Japan (?)*. a. Yg. (V. 205; C. 29). Nagasaki. Mr. Whitely [C.]. (Type.) b. d (V. 190; C. 28). Great Loo Choo, Mr. Holst [C.]. c-d. 9 (V. 216; C. 28) & Oo Sima. M. Ferrié (C.]; M. R. Ober- yg. (V. 211; C. 28). thiir [P.]. * The type is stated to be from Nagasaki. The species has not been re- discovered in Japan, and the fact that the companion snake purchased from Mr. Whitely (Cyclophis nebulosus) belongs to a Loo Choo species (see Cat. ii. p. 278) renders it probable that an error of locality has taken place, 396 COLUBRID. 237. CALLOPHIS. Elaps, part. Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 193 (1830); Schleg. Phy Serp . 435 (1837); Dum. gir. Erp Gén. vii. 1191 1854) : fiinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 229 (1858); Jan, Rev. £° Mag l. 1858, p- 516. Calliophis, Gray, Ill, Ind. Zool. ii. (1834). Helminthoelaps, part., Jan, J. c. ps 518. Callophis, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1859, p. 81; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 686; Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 346 (1864) ; Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. "1869, p- 211; Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1869, 117; Meyer, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1870, p . 868, Oallophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ae. 1871 “ 579; Meyer, Sitz. Ak. Berl. 1886, p. 614; Bouleng. Faun. Ii Rept. p- “S33 (1890). Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large grooved poison-fangs but no other teeth ; mandibular teeth subequal. Prefrontal bones in contact with each other on the median line. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals; no loreal. Body eylin- drical, much elongate; scales smooth, without pits, in 13 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. Synopsis of the Species. I. One pre- and two postoculars, A. Six upper labials. Ventrals 803-320 |... sawn ets vaste 1. gracilis, p. 396. Ventrals 240-274 .......c.cescnceve 2. trimaculatus, p. 397. B. Seven upper labials ; ventrals 182-247. A single temporal .........02-eeees 3. maculiceps, p. 3897. Temporals 1+1...... » Kies binle « whee 4, macclellandit, p. 398. Il, No preocular; one postocular ; ventrals 222-226. 5, bibronii, p. 399. 1. Callophis gracilis. Calliophis gracilis, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. Ixxxvi. fig. 1 (1884) ; Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc, 1859, p. 83, and one Brit. Ind. p. 349 (1864); Meyer, Sitzb. Ak. Berl. 1886, Ela 4 * REE Cantor, Proc, Zool, Soc. 1839, p. 33, and Cat. l. xl. fig. 7 (1847). Boag <2 27 ‘nth’ ‘fat. p. 280 (1858). Eye minute, about half as long as its distance from the mouth, Rostral broader than deep ; frontal as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; one pree- and two postoculars ; a single temporal ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin- shields, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 303-320; anal divided; subcaudals 21-28. vy 237. CALLOPHIS, 397 Reddish -or pale brown above, with three dark brown or black longitudinal lines passing through distant round dark brown or black spots, the lateral spots alternating with the vertebrals ; two outer rows of scales dark brown or black with a yellow longitudinal streak ; belly and lower surface of tail barred black and yellow. Total length 740 millim.; tail 35, Pinang, Singapore, Sumatra. a. 2 (V. 809; C. 23). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. (Type of C. nigromaculatus.) ne Her. (V. 305, 303; C. 28,23). Pinang. E. India Co. [P.}. d. 2 (V.320; C. 21). ? E. India Co, [P.]. e. 2 (V. 308; C. 22). ee Haslar Collection. 2. Callophis trimaculatus. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. viii. (1796). Coluber melanurus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 552 (1802). Vipera trimaculata, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 25 (1803). Elaps trimaculatus, Merr. Tent. p. 148 (1820). melanurus, Jerd. Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xxii. 1856, p. 522. Callophis trimaculatus, Giiinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, sp 83, pl. xvi. fig. E, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 350 (1864) ; Zheob. Cat. Rept. Brit. "Ind. p . 212 (1876) ; Phipson, Journ, Bomb. N. H. Soe. ii. 1887, p. 248, ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 384 (1890). _ Eye as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pree- and two postoculars; asingle temporal ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin- shields, the anterior in contact with three or four labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 240-274; anal divided; subcaudals 24-35. Light bay above, each scale with a brown dot; sometimes a fine dark vertebral line; head and nape black, with a yellow spot on each side of the occiput; lower parts uniform red ; ‘tail with two black rings. Total length 335 millim.; tail 21. India and Burma. Her. (V. 240; C. 32). Nerva, Bengal. Dr. P. Russell. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 264; C. 26). Trichinopoly. Col. Beddome [C. }. c-d. 9 (V. 263, 266; C. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. é. Hor. (Vv. 266; C.?). India. W. Masters, Esq. [P.]. 3. Callophis maculiceps. Elaps melanurus (zon Shaw), Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 106, pl. xl. fig. 6 (1847). —— maculiceps, Giinth. Cat. p. 232 (1858). Callophis maculiceps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 84, pl. xvi. fig. D, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 351 (1864); Theod. Cat. Rept. 398 COLUBRID. ahah Ind. p. 218 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 384 (1890). Elaps atrofrontalis, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 111. Eye measuring at least two thirds its distance from the mouth, Rostral broader than deep; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; a single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, the anterior in contact with four or five labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 205-247; anal divided ; subcaudals 21-32. Light bay above, with a distant series of black dots along each side of the back ; head and nape black, with one or two yellow bands on each side ; lower parts red ; tail with two black rings. Total length 485 millim. ; tail 30. Burma, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula. a, 2 (V. 205; C. 23). Rangoon. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.}. b. Hgr. (V. 178; C. 20). Cochinchina. E. Cox-Smith, Esq. [P.]. c. 9 (V. 204; C. 24). —? Zoological Society. (Type.) 4. Callophis macclellandii. Elaps macclellandii, Reinh. Cale. Journ. N. H. iv. 1844, p. 582, and id, Meddel. 1860, p. 247. —— personatus, Blyth, Journ, As. Soe. Beng. xxiii. 1855, p. 298. univirgatus, Giinth, Cat. p. 231 (1858). Callophis univirgata, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1859, p. 88, pl. xvii. — macclellandii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p 219, and wy Brit. Ind. p. 349 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 214 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 385 (1890), and Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 327. —— annularis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 350, pl. xxiv. fig. 1; Theobd. l. c. p. 212. Eye as long as‘or a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the , eye; two pairs of small subequal chin-shields, anterior in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 182-240 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 25-34, Reddish brown above, with regular, equidistant, black, light-edged transverse bars or rings; belly yellowish, with black cross-bands or quadrangular spots ; head with two black cross-bands separated by a yellow one, A variety distinguished by the presence of a black vertebral line ; the transverse bars are replaced by transverse spots or altogether absent. Total length 620 millim. ; tail 55. Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Southern China. 238. DOLIOPHIS. 399 A. Forma tyrica. No vertebral line. a. 3 (V. 212; C. 28). Assam. b. 2 (V. 219; C. 28). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. c, Hgr. (V.215; 0.26). Mountains N. of A. E. Pratt, Esq. (C.]. Kiu Kiang. d. 3 (V. 240; C.34). . Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.}. e. d (V. 212; 0.82). 8S. China. J. C. Bowring, Esq. [P.]. (Type of C. annularis.) B. Var. untvrreatus, Gthr. A black vertebral line. a-b. 2 (V. 214, 231; Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. C. 28, 25). (Types of E. univirgatus.) c, d-e. 3 (V. 210, 210; Darjeeling. W.T. Blanford, Esq. | P.]. C. 30, 30) & yg. (V. 182; C. 28). 5. Callophis bibronii. Elaps bibroni, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 526, Prodr. pl. B (1859), and Icon. Gén. 48, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1873). —— cerasinus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 179. Callophis cerasinus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1867, p. 16, pl. ii. fig. 5; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 213 (1876). —— bibronii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 386 (1890). Eye minute, about half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; no pra- ocular ; prefrontal in contact with the third labial ; one very small postocular ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial much elongate, forming a long suture with its fellow; anterior chin-shields small, much shorter than the posterior, in contact with the third and fourth labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 222-226; anal entire; subcaudals 27-34, Cherry-red to dark purplish brown above, red beneath, with black transverse bands which are sometimes continuous across the belly ; anterior part of head black above. Total length 640 millim.; tail 50. Wynad, Malabar. a. 9 (V. 224; CO. 34). Wynad, 3000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type of C. cerasinus.) b-c, d. 2 (V. 222, 226; Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 27, 32) & hgr. (V. 223; C. 30). 238. DOLIOPHIS. Elaps, part., Schnewd. Hist. Amph, ii. p. 289 (1801); Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 193 (1880); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 485 (18387) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1191 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 229 (1858) ; Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 516. Maticora, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. (1834).—No definition. Doliophis, Girard, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 182, and U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 175 (1858). Helminthoelaps, part., Jan, l. c. p. 518. 400 COLUBRID. Callophis, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, ?. 81; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 636; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 346 (1864) ; Meyer, Mon. Berl, Ae. 1869, p. 211; Reinh. Vid, Meddel. 1869, 17; Meyer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 368. A eniophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871, p. 578; Meyer, Sitzb, Ak. Berl. 1886, p. 614; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p. 886 (1890). Characters of Callophis, except that the poison-glands, instead of being confined to the temporal region, extend along each side of the body for about one third of its length, gradually thickening and terminating in front of the heart with club-shaped ends. The presence of these glands may be detected without dissection by feeling the thickening and rigidity of the cardiac region in the second third of the body, the heart being shifted further back than in other snakes owing to the extension of the glands. Burma, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals 34-50........ ey ie 1, bivirgatus, p. 400. II. Subcaudals 15-33. A. Eye much more than half as long as its distance from the mouth. Frontal at least as long as its distance from the end of the snout.......... 2. intestinalis, p. 401. Frontal as long as its distance from the postal. he o's s > 9c als Seep ew ree vgs 3. bilineatus, p. 404. B. Eye about half as long as its distance from the mouth. © 4, philippinus, p. 404, 1. Doliophis bivirgatus. Elaps bivirgatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 556; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 451, pl. xvi. figs. 10 & 11 (1ss7}, and Abbild. p 138, pl. xlvii. (i844) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1230 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 230 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. i. fig. 2 (1873). flavice ope Cantor, Proc. "Jeol. Soe Soc. 1839, p. 33, and Cat. Mal. ( Rept. p. 109 (1847). Doliophis flavice a bald Proc, Ac. Philad, 1857, p. 182, and U.S. lor. Eaped., . p. 176, pl. x. figs. 1-5 (1 ). Callophis ibecton, iinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1850, p. 81, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 348 (1864) ; Tirant, Rept. Cochinch. p. 33 (1885). Elaps tetrateenia, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr, Nederl. Ind. xx, 1859, p. 201. —— bivirgatus, var. quadrivirgatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 114 (1863). Adeniophis bivirgatus, Meyer, Sitzb, Ak. Berl. 1886, p. 614; Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) xiii, 1893, p. 327. —— flaviceps, Meyer, 1. c. — tetratenia, Meyer, 1. ¢. Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal large, longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as at abil 238. DOLIOPHIS. 401 or a little shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields a little longer than the posterior and in contact with three or four lower labials. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 244-293; anal entire; subcaudals 34-50. Dark purple or black above ; head, tail, and lower parts red, Total length 1610 millim.; tail 190. Burma, Cochin-China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. A. A fine white lateral line between the borders of the two outer rows of scales. (E. bivirgatus, Boie.) a, 3 (V. 274; C. 40). Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [P. ]. b. 3 (V. 281; C. 49). Java. - B. Four white lines along the body, the outer broader and running along the adjacent halves of the two outer rows of scales. (EZ. tetratenia, Blkr.) - a. & (V. 280; C. 44). Sintang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of £. tetratenia.) b. 9 (V. 244; C. 44). Matang, Borneo. c. 9 (V. 246; C. 38). Bongon, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq [C.]. C. A pale blue lateral stripe, occupying the two outer rows of scales. (LH. flaviceps, Cant.) a. 2 (V. 252; C. 38). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. b. 3 (V. 293; C. 50). Pinang. c, 2 (V. 253 ; C. 37). Kedah, Malay Peninsula. 3B. E. Mitchell, Esq. P ih d. ee (V. 244; ©. Singapore. pf Dennys [P.]. e. 2 (V. 263; C.48). Deli, Sumatra. Mr. Iversen [C.]. Fg. 2 (V. 246; C. p Kast India Co. [ P.]. 37) & hgr. (V. 272; : ©. 47). h. 2 (V. 249; C. 34). ——P 2. Doliophis intestinalis. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. ii. fig. 7 (1785) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xix. 1801). Aspis intestinalis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 106 (1768). Elaps furcatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 8303 (1801) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 450, pl. xvi. figs. 12 & 13 (1837), and Abdild. pl. xlvi. figs. 1-8 (1844); Cantor, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 34; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1228 (1854) ; Motley § Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 45 (1855) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. i. fig. 3 (1873). Vipera furcata, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 22 (1803). Maticora lineata, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. lxxxvi. fig. 2 (1834). Elaps intestinalis, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 107 (1847); Giinth. Cat. p. 230 (1858). ' trilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. t..c. p. 1227; v. Lidth de Jeude, in: M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn. i. p. 191, pl. xvi. fig. 10 (1890). thepassi, Bleek, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xx. 1859, p. 201. VoL. I. 2D 402 COLUBRID. Callophis intestinalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 82, pl. xvi. fige. B & OC, and t. Brit. Ind, p. 348 (1864); Meyer, Mon. erl. Ac, 1869, p. 204, pls. i. & ii.; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soe, Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 212; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 211 1876). lise AL var. nigroteniatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, . 404, z intestinalis, var. malayana, Giinth. 1. c. p. 349. Adeniophis nigroteeniatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1871, p. 578. meyer maciRant (non Reinh.), Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. x. (1874). Adeniophis intestinalis, Meyer, Sitzb. Ak. Berl. 1886, p. 614; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 386 (1890), malayanus, Meyer, 1. ¢. Elaps wet PS v LIidth de Jeude,in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn, i. . 190 (18 . Callo his intestinalis, var. suluensis, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien. c. i. 1891, p. 295. Eye as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 18 rows. Ventrals 197-273; anal entire; subcaudals 15-33. Brown or blackish above, with darker or lighter longi- tudinal streaks ; tail pink or red beneath; belly with black cross-bars. : Total length 580 millim. ; tail 45. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Celebes. A, Forma typrica (A. intestinalis, Laur., E. furcatus, Schn.).— Dark brown above, blackish towards the middle of the back ; a narrow orange or yellow vertebral line, forked on the head and extending on each side to the upper lip behind the nostril ; a large subtriangular yellow temporal blotch usually present ; a black stripe along each side, divided by a yellow line running between the two outer series of scales; barred black and yellow beneath, the black bars as broad as or a little narrower than the yellow. a. 3 (V. 255; C. 22). Java. b-d. 3 (V. 249, 242, Willis Mt., Kediri, Java, Baron vy. Huegel [C.]. 231 ; 0. 26, 24, 25). 6000 ft, e. 3 (V. 224; C. 26). Labuan. Dr, Collingwood [P.]. B. Var. annectens. As in the preceding, but vertebral line not bifurcating on the head. This variety completely connects the preceding and the following. Specimen d black above and on the sides, with three yellow lines, a. 3 (V. 235; C. 25). Singapore. H. N. Ridley, Esq. b. 2(V. 247; © 20). Labuan, punt Esq. 238. DOLIOPHIS. 403 ec. Hgr. (V. 257; C. Matang, Borneo. 19). d. 2 (V. 266; C. 17). Tandjong; S.E. Borneo. e. 9 (V. 229; C.28). — East India Co. [P.]. C. Var. trnnata, Gray (£. thepassi, Blkr., var. malayanus, Gthr.).— Pale greyish or reddish brown above, with a pair of dark brown or blackish dorsal lines bordering a light vertebral stripe ; the latter may be obscured in some specimens, which thus lead to the var. nigroteniatus; sides and belly as in the pre- ceding varieties, but black bars sometimes broader than the interspaces between them. a. 2 (V. 218; C. 26). Pinang. Gen. sof M Baecta} Gyre of M. lineata b. & (V. 229; C. 24). Pinang. r. Cantor. Ce (". 230; ©, 24). Singapore. Dr. Cantor. d-f. 3 (V. 233 ; C. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. 28), 2 (V. 239 ; C. 24), & her. (V. 273; C. —h. Dw. 232; C. EE. Coast of Sumatra. _ Mrs. Findlay [P.]. g 25) & 2 (V. 233; C. 23 il. g (V. 235, 233; Nias. Hr. Sundermann[C.], C. 28, 27) & (V. 243; C. 21). m. 9 (V. 263 ; C.16). Sintang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of LZ. thepassi.) D. Var. trit1wEatvs, D. & B.—As in the preceding, but the yellow vertebral stripe broken up by dark brown spots at regular intervals. a, Hgr. (V. 256; C. Sumatra. Dr. Blogket. 22). E. Var. NIGROTENIATUS, Ptrs, —A dark brown or blackish vertebral band three scales wide, separated from the dark colour of the sides by a pale reddish-brown streak two scales wide; a pale brown line between the two outer rows of scales; belly with black bars which are as wide as or wider than the interspaces between them, and confluent with the black of the sides. a. 2 (V. 282; C. 20). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. _ (Elaps melanotenia, Blkr.) b. 2 (V. 229; C. 22). - Sarawak. D. Davies, Esq. [P.]. F. Var. sumaTranvs, Jeude.—As in the preceding, but black bars on the belly narrower than the interspaces between them and not connected with the dark colour of the sides. a-c. 6(V. 281; 0.25) Labuan. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. & 2 (V. 237, 235; [P.]. C. 22, 25). d-e. 3(v. 213;C.25) Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [P.]. & 2 (V. 226; C. 24), Fd (V. 289; C. 23). Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 2p2 404 COLUBRID. G. Var. nveretrr.—Black, with traces of a light vertebral stripe, with two pale grey longitudinal streaks two scales wide, separated by three series of scales; belly with black bars narrower than the interspaces and connected with the black of the sides, a-b. 2 (V. 244, 240; Kina Balu, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.].. O. 21, 22). a. Skeleton. —? Zoological Society. 3. Doliophis bilineatus. Callophis bilineatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. 1881, p. 109, Adeniophis bilineatus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xiv, 1894, p. 84; Boetty. Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1894-95, no. 7, p. 5. Eye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal as long as broad, as long as its. distance from the rostral, considerably shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields two pairs, subequal, the anterior in contact with four labials. Scales in 13 rows.. Ventrals 225-268 ; anal entire; subcaudals 24-30. Black above, with two white streaks along the body, commencing on the parietal shields, and running along the fourth and fifth series of scales ;. outer row of scales white, with a black longitudinal streak or a series of black dots; upper lip and a blotch across the prefrontal shields white ; belly with black cross-bars, each involving two or three ventral shields and separated from each other by two to four white shields; tail orange or pink, with two or three black blotches: or rings. Total length 710 millim.; tail 45. Philippine Islands. a. 2 (V. 268; C. 25). Puerta Princesa, A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Palawan. b. 5 (V. 245; C. 29). Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. ae o-d. 3 (V. 225, 244; Mindanao. Dr. A. B. Meyer C.1. ? 4. Doliophis philippinus. espe intestinalis, var., Giinth. Cat. 230 (1858). Callophis intestinalis, var. C, Giimth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p, 82, pl. xvi. fig. A. 7 intestinalis, var. philippina, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 349 (1864). Adeniophis philippinus, Meyer, Sitzb. Ak, Berl. 1886, p. 614. Eye about half as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal nearly as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials 289. woRink. | 405 in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 218; anal entire; sub- caudals 26. Above with dark brown cross-bands, continuous with the black ventral bars, separated by narrower yellowish interspaces and divided by two pale reddish-brown stripes; beneath, barred black and yellow (red?); head brown above, with a few small yellow spots; a black blotch on each side, involving the eye and edged with yellow. Total length 480 millim.; tail 35. Philippine Islands. a. 3 (V. 218; C. 26). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 239. FURINA. Fig. 28. Skull of Furina occipitalis, Furina, part., Dum. § Bibr. Mém, Ac. Se. xiii. 1858, p. 517, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1236 (1854). Elaps, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1191; Jan, Elenco sist. Yfid, p. 112 (1863). Brachysoma, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 228 (1858). Vermicella, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 236, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 87 ; Krefft, Sn. Austral p. 78 (1869). Homaloselaps, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 518. Furina, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. 1. (8) xi. (1863), pp. 28 & 24; Krefft, l. c. p. 50. Neelaps, Giinth. 1. c. p. 24. Pseudelaps, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 115. 406 CoLUBRID. Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine; a pair of moderately large, grooved poison-fangs, and one or two small solid teeth near the posterior extremity of the maxillary ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with round pupil; nostril ina single nasal; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, obtuse; subcaudals in two rows. Australia. ; The skull agrees with Elaps and Homorelaps, and differs from all other Elapines in the absence of postfrontal bone; the preefrontals, which are widely separated from each other, are produced backwards towards the parietals so as to nearly exclude the frontals from the orbital periphery. Synopsis of the Species. Upper portion of rostral at least as long as its distance from the frontal; five upper labials ; frontal more than twice as broad as the supraocular; ventrals 181-200 .. 1. bimaculata, p. 406. Upper portion of rostral shorter than its distance from the frontal; six upper labials ; frontal more than twice as broad as the supraocular; ventrals 126-131 .. 2. calonota, p. 407. Upper portion of rostral shorter than its distance from the frontal; six npper labials; frontal not more than twice as broad as the supraocular; ventrals 180- 2B4, 5 cde. teehee eee Pee re 3. occipitalis, p. 407. 1. Furina bimaculata. Furina bimaculata, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1240 (1854) ; Jan, Rev. & a. Zool. 1859, p. 125, pl. vi.; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xi. , p. 24; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 51 (1869). Brachysoma diadema (non Schleg ‘ .Giinth. Cat. p. 229 (1858). —— bimaculatum, Giinth. l. e. Pseudelaps bimaculatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 116 (1868), and Icon. Gén. 438, pl. v. fig. 2 (1873). - Rostral large, as deep as broad, the portion visible from above at least as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little: shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly as broad as long, thrice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal elongate, in contact with the preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 14+1; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large; two pairs of very small chin-shields, with an azygous shield between them. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 181-200; anal divided;. subcaudals 21-25. Yellowish above, each scale edged with black or with a small black spot; end of snout, a large blotch covering hs 239. FURINA. 407 the frontal, supraocular, and parietals, and a broad cross-bar on the nape, black ; lower parts white. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 25, W. Australia. a. do (V.181; C. 25). W. Australia. & 2 (V.191; C. 21). Australia. 2. Furina calonota. Furina calonotos, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1241, pl. Ixxv 6. (1854); Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 125, pl. vi.; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 50 (1869). Brachysoma calonotos, Giinth. Cat. p. 229 (1858). Neelaps calonotus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 24, and xy. 1865, p. 97. Pseudelaps calonotus, Jan, Elenco, p. 116 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 43, pl. v. fig. 8 (1878). Rostral moderately large, broader than deep, its upper portion shorter than its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ;. frontal a little longer than broad, nearly thrice as broad as the supraocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; nasal elongate, in contact with the preocular; latter reaching or nearly reaching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1-++1; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; a pair of. small chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 126-131; anal divided; subcaudals 29-30. Yellowish, with a black vertebral stripe, each scale on which bears a white dot; a bar across the end of the snout, a large blotch covering the frontal, supraocular, and parietals, and a black cross- band on the nape, black; lower parts white. Total length 215 millim.; tail 33. W. Australia. a. 6 (V.181; C. 30). W. Australia ? * 3. Furina occipitalis. White, Journ. Voy. N. S. Wales, p. 259, pl. —. fig. 2 (1790). Elaps occipitalis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1220 (1854); Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 518, and Icon. Gén. 43, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1873). Vermicella annulata, Giinth. Cat. p. 236 (1858) ; Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 78, pl. xi. fig. 12 (1869); McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. 6, p. 11, pl. Iii. (1881). occipitalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 87, pl. xvii. fig. B. lunulata, Krefft, 7. c. p. 79, pl. xii. fig. 14. Rostral moderately large, broader than deep, its upper portion shorter than its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals +; frontal once and one third to once * The specimen was purchased as from Baranquilla, Colombia, together with a specimen of the W. Australian Rhynchelaps semifasciatus. + In two specimens, the internasal on each side is fused with the prefrontal. 408 COLUBRID. and two thirds as long as broad, not more than twice as broad as the supraocular, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; nasal not longer than and in contact with the preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; six upper labials, third and fourth (exceptionally, third only) entering the eye, sixth large ; two pairs of small chin-shields, with an azygous shield between them. ‘Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-234; anal divided; subcaudals 14-25. Annulate black and white, the annuli narrower beneath *; head black above, with a white band across the snout and another across the occiput. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 36. Australia. a. 2 (V. 210; C. 18). Swan R, Type of V. annulata.) b. ; Y 207; C.25). Sydney. ty Re efft, Esq. [P.}. od, e. 9 (V, 210, 9073) New South Wales. Imperial toate whe G. crt , 18) & yg. (V. 222 ; C. H V. 200, 180; Moreton Ba 1% 46 50 : Casuals’. h. 2 (V. 28 234; C.18). Herbert R., N. J. A. Boyd, Esq. [P.]. Queensland. V. 205; C. 21) & Queensland. x , 219, 221; 0. 14, m. 9 (Vv. 206; C. 18). Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.}. n. do (V. 227; C. 25). N. Australia. Rey. T. 8. Lea [P.]. 0. if 215; C, 20). Australia. Haslar Collection. kull of ¢. 240. HOMORELAPS. aS gy , Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. Ps: 289 (1801) ; 14 te Syst. aaa p- 198 (1830) ; Schleg. Ph rp. ii. p. 435 (1837) ; Dum. &§ Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1191 (1864), Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 229 (1858) ; Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 516. Homoroselaps, Jan, l. c. p. 518, Pecilophis (non' Kaup), iinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1859, p. 88; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 636, Maxillary extending forwards beyond the palatine, with a pair of large poison-fangs without groove; pterygoids toothless ; mandibular teeth few, subequal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with round pupil ; nostril in a single nasal ; no loreal. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail short ; subcaudals in two rows, South Africa. No postfrontal bone; prefrontals widely separated from each other and in contact with the parietals, excluding the frontals from the orbital periphery. * Interrupted on the belly in V. dwnulata, Krefft, which is probably only a oolour-variety. 240. HOMORELAPS. 409 1. Homorelaps lacteus. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 5, xxxv. fig. 2, xliv. fig. 1 (1735); Merr, Beytr. i. pl. vi. (1790). Coluber lacteus, Linn. Mus, Ad. Frid. p. 28, pl. xviii. fig. 1 (1754), and S, N. i. p. 381 (1766). domicella, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 376. Oecerastes lacteus, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 83 (1768). Coluber guineensis, Bonnat. Encyel. Méth., Ophiol. p. 20 (1789). siamensis, Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 203 (1798). Elaps lacteus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 293 (1801). Vipera lactea, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 29 (1801). Coluber hygeie, Shaw, Zool, iii. p. 487 (1802). iphisa, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 416 (1803). Elaps hygese, Merr. Tent. p 144 (1820); Schley. Phys. Serp. ii p- 446, pl. xvi. figs. 14 & 15 (1837) ; Smith, Lil. Zool. S. yrs Rept., App. p. 21 (1849); Dum. &§ "Bibr. vii. p. 1218 (1884) ; Giinth. Cat. p- 2382 (1858) ; ‘Jan, Icon. Gén. 43, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1878) ; F, Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 693. unctatus, Smith, Edinb. N. ’ Phil. Journ. i. 1825, p. 254. = bipanotiger, Dum. & Bibr. t. ce. p. 1227. Peecilophis hygiv, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 88, Aspidelaps lacteus, Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 78 (1867). Peecilophis lacteus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1870, p. 114. Elaps (Peecilophis) hygie, var. chrysopeleoides, #. Miill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 276, pl. ii. Rostral broader than deep; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal not broader than the supraocular, once and a half to twice and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, usually shorter than the parietals ; one pree- and one postocular; temporals 142; six upper labials, first and second small, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 160-209; anal divided; subcaudals 26-42. Coloration very variable, but vertebral line constantly bright yellow, orange or red, even if crossed by black annuli; head black, with yellow or orange markings, sometimes with two yellow dots close together behind the frontal shield. Total length 460 millim.; tail 50. South Africa. A. Yellowish white, with more or less regular black bars or annuli; belly black or with a continuous or interrupted black stripe, (C. lacteus, L., C. hygiw, Shaw.) a-c. 2 (V.198; C. 30) & hgr. Simon’s Bay. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ (V. 173, 177; C. 38, 39). d-f. 3 (Vv, 182; CO. 36) & Q Cape of Good Sir J. MacGregor (V. 202, 200 ; "C, 38, 31). ope. be g. Yg. (Vv. 186; C. 37). Cape of Good Mr. Ford [P.}. ope. h,t. Q (V. oie C. *) & her. Cape of Good (V. 187 ; C. 32). Hope. 410 COLUBRID. k-l. hy ca al 191,192; C.42,37). 8. Africa. Cape of Good ope. B. As in the preceding, but ventrals uniform white. a. g (V.176; 0. 41). =? C. Black, with small round yellow spots forming various markings a series of large orange spots along the spine, more or less confluent into a band; ventrals black at the base, yellow behind. (Z. punctatus, "Smith, ) a. 2 (V.191; 0. 29). Ona of Good Dr. Lee [P.]. b. Yg. (V. 209; ©. 26). Caffraria. J. P. M. Weale, Esq. c-d. ¢ (V.,165, 160; C.87, 8. Aftica pe Ghain [PI 0 9 LV. 195; C. 27). S. Africa. D. Black, each scale with a yellow dot; an orange or citrine vertebral stripe; ventrals black at the base, yellow behind. (Var. chrysopeleoides, F. Miill.) a. 2 €V. 195; C,. 29). Cape of Good Officers of the Chat- Pubs: ham Museum [P.]. b. 2 (V. 188; C. 28). Gubete, Tem- Mr. G. E. Nightin- | buland. gale [C.]. e. 9 (V. 200; C. 30). Port Elizabeth. H. rs Spencer, Esq. d. 2 (V. 207; C. 31). Durban, cantin Munn [P. e. d (V. 176; C. 39). Natal. eo St. 2 (V. 184; C. 25). 8S. Africa. 2. Homorelaps dorsalis. Elaps dorsalis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S, Afr., Rept., App. ye (1849). Peecilophis dorsalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. Rostral broader than deep; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre-and one postocular ; a single temporal ;. six upper labials, the three anterior equal in size, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth in contact with the parietal; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are slightly longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 219-226 ; anal divided; subcaudals 25-28. Black above, with a yellow vertebral stripe extending to the tip of the snout ; lower parts and three outer rows of scales white. Total length 240 millim. ; tail 21. Caffraria and Natal. a. Hgr. (V. 226; 0.25). King William’s Town, 241. ELAPs. 411 241. ELAPS. Elaps, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 289 (1801) ; Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 193 (1830) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 435 (1837) ; Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1191 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 229 (1858) ; Jan, Rev. §& Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 516. i Micrurus, Wagler, in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 48 (1824). Elaps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 84; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 636; Cope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 679; Stejneger, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 358 (1895). Maxillary very short, extending beyond the palatine, with a pair of large poison-fangs with obsolete grooves ; pterygoid teeth few or absent; mandibular teeth subequal. No postfrontals; prefrontals meeting, or narrowly separated on the median line, Head small, Fig. 29. Skull of Hlaps marcgravii. not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic or subelliptic pupil; nostril between two nasals; no loreal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows or partly single, partly in two rows. America. - 412 COLUBRID. Synopsis of the Species. I. Seven upper labials, fourth entering the eye; frontal very * narrow; ventrals 167-182 ...... 1. surinamensis, p. 414. 1. Six upper labials, second and third entering the eye; snout narrow ; ventrals 209 . ........ 2. heterochilus, p. 414, III. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. A. Seventh upper labial very small; rostral large, its upper portion nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals nearly as long as the preefrontals; ventrals 215- 241; subcaudals 21-29 ...... 3. euryxanthus, p. 415. B. Seventh labial well developed; rostral moderate, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals. 1. First lower labial in contact with its fellow; posterior nasal not reaching the preocular; ventrals 191; sub- caudals: 20". isetasauine > 6 an 4, gravenhorstit, p. 415. 2. First lower labial in contact with its fellow; posterior nasal in contact with the preocular. a. Eye nearly as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth ; frontal as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals, which are not longer than their distance from the internasals ; ventrals 189-227. a. Frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad. * Frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout; anterior chin-shields as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Subcaudals 37-54; temporals141.... 5. langsdorffii, p. 416. Subcaudals 39-43 ; temporals 14+2.... 6. buckleyi, p. 416 Subcaudals 29; temporals 1+1 ...... 7. anomalus, p. 417. ** Frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior. Subcaudals 16-23; rostral a little broader than deep ............008- 8. heterozonus, p. 417. Subcaudals 29-47 ; rostral much broader CHAN GOED 6502 cic cere cccnrevscema 9, elegans, p. 418. B. Frontal not or but slightly longer than broad; nearly twice as broad as the supraocular ; rostral little if at all broader than deep; subcaudals 29-45, Temporals 141; third upper labial not or but scarcely larger than fourth .. 10. annellatus, p. 418. 241. ELAPS. 413 No anterior temporal ; sixth labial large and forming a suture with the parietal; third upper labial larger than fourth.. 11. decoratus, p. 419. 6, Eye shorter than its distance from the mouth (in the adult); parietals not longer than their distance from the internasals; ventrals 179-2315; subcaudals 30-53. Frontal as long as the parietals -::;;:. °12) dumerilii, p. 419. Frontal shorter than the parietals ...: + -13. corallinus, p. 420. c. Eye shorter than its distance from the mouth (in the adult); frontal shorter than the parietals, which are longer (even if but slightly) than their distance from the internasals. a. Anal entire; ventrals 168-181; subcaudals 22-29. 14. hemprichii, p. 421. B. Anal divided (very rarely entire). * Snout obtusely pointed, projecting considerably beyond the mouth ; ventrals 200-221; subcaudals 19-28. Parietals a little longer than their . distance from the internasals ...... 15. tschudit, p. 422. Parietals very clongate.............. 16. dissoleucus, p. 422. ** Snout broadly rounded, scarcely projecting. fT Ventrals 180-240; anterior temporal large and deep. Subcaudals 30-59 ; frontal usually more than once and a half as long as broad ; anterior chin-shields shorter than the POURNNO 5 oa a x's own oy oie sane gaan 17. fulvius, p. 422. Subcaudals 32-47 ; liontal not more than once and a half as long as broad; anterior chin-shields shorter than the TOBWRBIOR y 3.5.4 pls 592i 0 3, 0:0: « Sa SR 18. psyches, p. 426. Subcaudals 22-29; eye measuring two thirds its distance from the mouth in the adult; anterior chin-shields shorter than the posterior .....-.-......+ 19. spivii, p. 427. Subcaudals 15-26; eye measuring two _ thirds to three fourths its distance from ‘the mouth in the adult ............ 20. frontalis, p. 427. Subcaudals 23-42; eye measuring two fifths to three fifths its distance from the mouth in the adult; anterior chin- - shields not or but slightly shorter than She: POKER hc) werent Reus ween se 21. maregravii, p. 428. 414 COLUBRID. tt Ventrals 241 or more; anterior temporal large and deep. Ventral8 241-262; subcaudals 30-39 .. 22. lemniscatus, p. 430. Ventrals 290-308 ; subcaudals 35-45 .. 23. filiformis, p. 430. ttt Ventrals 210 or more; anterior temporal very narrow, sometimes absent, Ventrals 210-278 0. iives cose ss sear 24. mipartitus, p. 431. Ventrals S05 oijn 000 stb es sess. cannee 25. fraseri, p. 432. 3. Symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Ventrals 255-268; temporals 141; frontal much broader than the supra- OCular......sscscceeeeess eee eee 26. mentalis, p. 432. Ventrals 258 ; temporals 141; frontal little broader than the supraocular .. 27. ancoralis, p. 432. Ventrals 240-315; no anterior temporal. 28. narduccit, p. 433. 1. Elaps surinamensis. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lxxxvi. fig. 1 (1735). a Elaps surinamensis, Cuv. R. An. ii. ’ 84 (1817); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. F 445, pl. xvi. figs. 8 & 9 (1837), and Abbild. p. 137, pl. xlvi. fig. 9 (1844) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 1224 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 284 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 42, % ili, fig. 1 (1872) ; Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad, (2) viii. 1876, p. 182. Eye measuring a little more than half its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal very narrow, narrower than the supraocular, at least twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; latter longer than their distance from the internasals ; one pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than tho posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 167-182; anal divided; subcaudals 33-37. Red, with black annuli disposed in threes, the middle one broad, separated by narrow yellow interspaces; 7 or 8 sets of annuli on the body ; the red scales dotted with black ; head red above, with the shields black-edged, followed by a black cross- band behind the parietals. Total length 740 millim.; tail 95. Grows to 1900 millim. Venezuela, Guianas, Northern Brazil, N.E, Peru. a. 3 (V.170; O. 37). British Guiana. b. Hgr. d (V. 167 ; CO. 36). Para, Dr. E, A. Géldi [P.}. 2. Elaps heterochilus. Elaps heterochilus, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 89, Snout narrow. Rostral broader than deep; frontal once and a _) 241, ELAPs. 415 half as long as broad; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1 or 1+1; six upper labials, second ‘and third entering the eye; first lower labial formed by the fusion of two. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 209; anal entire; subcaudals 29. Coloration as in E. marcgravit. Total length 553 millim.; tail 43. Brazil. 3. Elaps euryxanthus. Elaps fulvius, part., Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1859, . 170. euryxanthus, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 337; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 296; Cragin, Bull. Washburn Laborat. i. 1884, p. 8; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 681; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 362, pl. ii. (1895). Eye much shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral large, nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal small and narrow ; parietals small; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, seventh very small; chin-shields very short, the anterior in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 215-241; -anal divided; subcaudals 21-29. Body with 11 or more black annuli edged with yellow and sepa- _ rated by broad red interspaces ; head black to the posterior border of the parietals, Total length 400 millim. ; tail 33. Arizona, Sonora, and North-western Mexico, a. Q (V. 220; C. 29). —-? Haslar Collection. 4, Elaps gravenhorstii. ae gravenhorstii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p.523, and Prodr. pl. A-(1859). : Eye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Frontal longer than broad ; parietals as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; pos- terior nasal separated from the preocular, which is very small; seven upper labials, third in contact with the prefrontal, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 191; anal divided; subcaudals 23. Body with black annuli disposed in threes, the median broadest; seven sets of annuli; head black, with a yellow transverse band behind the eyes covering the anterior two-thirds of the parietals and the posterior extremity of the frontal. Total length 550 millim. ; tail 50. Brazil. 416 COLUBRID. 5. Elaps langsdorffii. Elaps langsdorffii, Wagl. in Spiv, Serp. Bras. p. 10, pl. ii. fig, J (1824); Jan, Arch, fr Nat. 1859, p. 273. walle a on Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 428, pl. xvii.. mee imperator, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 110, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Xi, 1869, p. 156. Eye as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+ 1; seven upper labials, third little larger than fourth, third-and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as. or a little shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 204-225 ; anal divided; subcaudals 387-54. Dark brown above, the scales lighter at the base, with 63 transverse series of small cream- coloured spots, each occupying one scale; yellowish beneath, with red cross-bands ; a yellow dot on each supraocular shield. Total length 300 millim. Upper Amazon. a, Hgr. ¢ (V. 204; C. 54), Pebas, N.E. Peru. Mr. Hauxwell [C.]. (Type of £. batesit.) Thanks to the kindness of Prof. Hertwig, I have been able to examine the type specimen (¢ ), from the R. Japura, preserved in the Museum of Munich. E. imperator, which is identified with EZ. batesii by Cope, forms a colour-variety distinguished by the spaces between the transverse series of yellow spots, on the back, being alternately black and red, the red ventral cross-bars extending to the upper surface. 6. Elaps buckleyi. (Prare‘XXII. fig. 1.) 6a corallinus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 233 (1858), and Ann. §& Mag. . H. (8) iv. 1859, p. 171. Eye nearly as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal broader than the supra- ocular, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parictals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2; seven upper labials, third not larger than the fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 202-211 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 39-43, Orange (red ?), with 48-60 black annuli on the body; on the back the annuli edged with small yellow spots, each occupying one scale ; the annuli close together on the tail; head black above, as far as 241. BLAPS. 417 the posterior third of the parietals; a small yellow spot on each supraocular ; temples yellow. Total length 505 millim.; tail 70. Northern Brazil, Eastern Ecuador. a. od (V. 202; C. 43). Para. b. Yg. (V. 211; C.39). | Canelos, E. Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.]. 7. Elaps anomalus. (Puars XXII. fig. 2.) Eye as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; a narrow azygous shield separating the pre- frontals* ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third scarcely larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 227; anal divided; subcaudals 29, Body with 55 black cross-bands separated by narrow brownish-white, black-dotted interspaces two or three scales wide; the black bands taper to a point on the sides, only a few extending across the belly to form complete rings; belly yellowish (red ?) ; anterior half of head black, posterior half yellow ; tail yellow (red?) with four black rings. Total length 280 millim. ; tail 23. Colombia. a. Yg. (V. 227; C. 29). Colombia. Mr. F, A. Simons [C. ]. 8. Elaps heterozonus. Elaps heterozonus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 1881, p. 52. P Elaps corallinus, var. obscura, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. vi. fig, 3 (1872). Eye nearly as long as or a little longer than its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+1; seven upper labials, third larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior, Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 210-219; anal divided ; subcaudals 16-23. Red or brown, most of the scales tipped with black, with 17 to 23 subequal black rings mostly narrower than the interspaces; the first annulus with an angular prolongation reaching the occiput ; shields on the snout edged and spotted with —_—~ * Probably an individual anomaly, VOL. III. ; QE 418 COLUBRID. ack; a more or less distinct black band on the head passing through the eye and across the supraocular and frontal shields; a large black spot on each parietal shield. Total length 900 millim.; tail 40. Eastern Ecuador, Eastern Peru, Bolivia. “Sih | (V. 218; C. 16). Canelos, Ecuador. Mr. Buckle ir bec 9 (V. 219, 214,210; Moyobamba, Peru. Mr. A. H. rO.}. ©. 16, 17, 18). ao (V. 219; C, 23). Jungas, Bolivia. 9. Elaps elegans. Elaps elegans, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 524, Fra pl. B (1859), and Icon. Gén. 42, pl. v. fig. 2 (1872). Eye nearly as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral much broader than deep; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1,; seven upper labials, third larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 15 rows. Ventrals 189-221 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 29-47. Body with black annuli disposed in threes, subequal in size, separated, within each set, by two series of alternately black and yellow scales; the sets, 12 to 17 in number, narrowly separated by reddish-brown interspaces which may be divided by a black cross-bar ; head black, with a yellow blotch on each side behind the eye, widening on the lip. Total length 730 millim. ; tail 70. Mexico and Guatemala. a-b. 3 (V. cae se 40) & Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D. Godman, Esq. ). 2 (V.2 ce fo (V. 205° C. 47). Teapa, Tabasco. “Godman, Esq. a 2 rhe 221, 220; Vera Paz, low forest. O. 7 Bi Esq. [C.]. 35, ?) _ 10. Elaps annellatus. Elaps annellatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. one ie (1 imperator, var., Cope, Journ, Ac. PBled. (2) viii. 1876, 81, Eye as long as its distance from the mouth. Rostral a little broader than deep; frontal nearly twice as broad as the supra- ocular, slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals; one prm- and two post- oculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third not or but 241. ELAPS. 419 ‘scarcely larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 200-211; anal divided; subcaudals 30-45. Black, with narrow white rings (one scale and one shield wide), some of which are -approximate in pairs, the others equidistant; 41-49 white rings on the body, 4 to 7 on the tail; a white ring on the head, crossing the parietals. Total length 490 millim.; tail 70. Eastern Peru. a & (V. 200; C. 45). Sarayacu. W. Davis g ug eh Veitch | P .b. f (V. 201; C. 42). Cueva Blanca. Messrs. Veitch (P] 11. Elaps decoratus. Elaps decoratus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 525, and Prodr. pl. B (1859) ; Gtinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 85, pl. xviii. fig. A ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 42, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1872). Eye as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal nearly twice as broad as the supraocular, not or but slightly longer than broad, as lorig as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; -one pree- and two postoculars ; a single temporal ; seven upper labials, third larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth very large and forming a suture with the parietal; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 196-213; anal divided; subcaudals 29-37. Body with black annuli disposed in threes, the middle one broader, enclosing two yellow rings, and separated by broad red, black-dotted interspaces ; 15 or 16 sets of annuli on the body; head yellow, with the end of the snout and a band passing through the eyes black. Total length 625 millim. Brazil. a, 3 (V. 205; C.?). Rio Janeiro. Mrs. Fry [P.]. b. 5 (V. 202; C.?). Brazil. Dr. Gardiner [C.]}. ce. 6 (V. 196; C.?). Brazil. 12. Elaps dumerilii. Elaps marcgravi (non Wied), Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1209 (1854). —— dumerilii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 522, Prod. pl. A (1859), and Icon. Gén. 42, pl. i. “fig. 3 (1872). Eye measuring two thirds its distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; frontal broader than the supraocular, once 29n2 420 COLUBRID. and three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third a little larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are slightly shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 197-204; anal divided ; subcaudals 50-53. Body with 8 or 9 sets of three black annuli separated by very broad red interspaces, the scales on which are tipped with black; the median black annulus much broader thar the outer, from which it is separated by a ycllow annulus; head black above, separated from the black of the nape by a yellow crescentic band extending to below the eyes and covering the temples, the outer border of the parietals, and the occiput. Total length 410 millim. ; tail 65. Colombia. ‘ a. ¢ (V. 197; C. 50). Carthagena, Capt. Garth [P. |. 13. Elaps corallinus. re corallinus, Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol. x. i. 1820, p. 108,. pl. iv., and Abbdild, Nat. Bras, (1825). — corallinus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 440 (1837); Dum. & Bibr. vii. ae (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 233 (1858), and Ann. & Mag. N. H, (8) iv. 1859, p, 173. —— ornatissimus, Jan, Rev, § Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 521, Prodr. pl. A (1859), and Icon, Gén, 42, pl. i. fig. 1 (1872). —— riisii, Jan, ll. cc. p. 525, pl. B, and Icon, pl. vi. fig. 3. — bocourtii, Jan, Icon. pl. vi. fig. 2. ‘ — circinalis, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 182. Agena var. gastrosticta, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p- 315. Eye measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the mouth in the adult. Rostral broader than deep; frontal a little broader than the supraocular, once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; latter as long as their distance from the internasals ; one pre- and two (rarely one) postoculars; temporals 1+1, the anterior sometimes fused with the sixth labial; six upper labials, third as large as or a little larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact. with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 179-231; anal divided; subcaudals 30-47, Body with black annuli edged with yellow, separated by red interspaces which may be more or less profusely spotted with black ; head black above, temples, and often a more or less broad band behind or partly on the parietals, yellow. Total length 790 millim. ; tail 70. Tropical South America and Lesser Antilles (St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Martinique). 241, ELAPS. 421 A. 21-31 black annuli on the body (Z. corallinus, Wied).—The black dots on the red areas may be so crowded together near the yellow borders of the annuli as to form additional annuli (E. bocourti, Jan). a-b. & (V.195; C. 47) Brazil. & 9 (V. mae C. 37). 4, 2 (V. 209; 0.37). Rosario de Cucuta, Mr. C. Webber [C.]. Colombia, d. 9 (V.194; C. 32). | Trinidad. :. tee ae &. 2 (V. 199; C.35). Trinidad. py, Esq. Sg 3 (V. 198 ; O. 43) Trinidad. W. Weeki, Be P.). &hgr (V. 179: C. 45). hk. Q (V. 201; C. 32). Trinidad. Mus. pena a 6 (V. 183; C. 45). St. Vincent. Mus, Guilding. A. 3 (V. 181; C. 46). W. Indies. Mus. Guilding. 4d. Q (V. 193; C. 380). —? Haslar Collection. mo, p. "(. 186; ——P C. 46) & 2 (V. 196, 192, 192; ©. 33, 30, 30). B. 15 to 20 black annuli on the body. a. 3 (V.193; C. 43). Interior of Brazil. Dr. Gardiner [C.]. +b. Yg. (V. 194 ; ©. 45). Brazil. J.O. W. Fabert, Esq. [P.]. re Pi (v, 198; C. 44), Brazil. G. Busk, Esq. [P.}. a. Q (V. 216; C. 32). Brazil. 4. 9 (V. 221; C. 81). P Haslar Collection. 14. Elaps hemprichii. Elaps lemniscatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 233 (1858). —— hemprichii, Jan, Rev. & Mag. Sool. 1858, p. 528, and Prodr. pl. A (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 72; Jan, Icon. Gén. 42, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1872). Eye measuring about two thirds its distance from the mouth. Rostral scarcely broader than deep ; frontal broader than the supra- ocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; latter as long as their distance from the internasals; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 168-181; anal entire; subcandals 22-29. Black above, with yellowish (red?) annuli, one broad one between two narrow ones; upper head-shields black ; upper lip, temples, and occiput behind parietal shields yellowish; the yellowish scales black-edged ; the yellowish annuli widening on the belly. Total length 720 millim. ; tail 65. Guianas, Colombia, Peru. a. 9 (V. 168; C, 29). Surinam, rn 3 (V. 176; C. 27). mae 422 COLUBRID. 15, Elaps tschudii. on tschudii, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1858, 2 524, Prodr, pl. B: 85 7 9), and "Teon. Gén. 42, mtd vi. fig. 1 (1872); Boetty. Ber. Senck, Ges. 1889, p. 316. Snout obtusely pointed, projecting considerably beyond the mouth. Eye shorter than its distance from the mouth. Rostral broader than deep; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; latter longer than their distance from the internasals ; one pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third much larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 207-221 ;. anal divided ; subcaudals 21-28. Body with black annuli broader than the interspaces; the black annuli disposed in threes, a broad one between two narrow ones; the interspaces yellow and red, all — or only the red ones dotted with black; snout black; frontal, supraoculars, and anterior half of parietals and temples yellow ;. occiput black. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 35. Peru. 2 (V. 216; C. 28). Andes of Peru. Prof. W. Nation [P.]. b. 2 (V. 221; C. 28). Lima. Christiania Museum. 16. Elaps dissoleucus. Elaps dissoleucus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 345. Snout obtusely pointed, projecting; eye very small. Frontal: small, elongate ; parietals very elongate; seven upper labials. — Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 200; anal divided; subcaudals 19. Body red, with seven sets of three black rings; the central ring” not twice as wide as the outer ones; head black above, sides. behind the eyes red. Total length 1070 millim. ; tail 35. Venezuela. 17. Elaps fulvius. Coluber fulvius, Linn, S, N. i. p. 881 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi. 300 (1803) ; Say, Amer. Journ. i, 1819, p. 262; Hari, Med.. Phy 8. a p. 180 (1835), Ela > falvius, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 61 (1826); Holbr. N, Am. ai ad. 49, pl. x. (1842); Baird & Gir. Cat. N. Am, Rept. (1855); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1215 (1854) ; Salvin, Proc. Geol. Soc, 1860, p. 458; Matthes, Berckaoke: Gee Isis, 1860, p. 62, pl. —. figs. 1-5; Jan, Icon. Gén, 41, pl. i. fig. 2, & 42, pl. ii. figs. 2 & 3 (1872) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., t. pl. xxiii. ed Be Garm. N. a Rept. p. 105, pl. viii. fi. 3 (1883) ;, Cope, Nat. xiv. 1 92, . 680; Hay, Rept. Indiana, p. 121 (1808) pa Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvii. 1894, p- 334; Stejneger, Rep. U.S, Nat. Mus, f. 1893, p. 859, pl. i. (1895). 241. SLAPS. 423. Vipera fulvia, Harl. Journ. Ac. Philad. vy. 1827, p. 364. Elaps tenere, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. pp. 22 & 156, and Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. x., Rept. p. 15, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1859). tristis, Baird § Gir. Cat. p. 23. circinalis, Dum. & Bibr. t. ¢. p. 1210. — diastema, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 1222. —— epistema, Dum. & Bibr. t. ¢. p. 1222. —— nigrocinctus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1854, p. 226, and U.S. Nav. Astron. Exped. ii. Zool. p. 210, pl. xxxv. (1855). divaricatus, Hallow. Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) iii. 1855, p. 36. fulvius, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 235 (1858), Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) iv. 1859, p. 169, and Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 182 (1895). fitzingeri, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool, 1858, p. 521, and Prodr. pl. A (1859). —— apiatus, Jan, ll. cc. p. 522, pl. A. —— aflinis, Jan, Ul. cc. p. 525, pl. B. b ——agleope, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 844; Giinth, Bool. _C-Am., Rept. p. 184. distans, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 338; Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 681. corallinus, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 228; Duges, Naturaleza, vii. 1885, p. 201. hippocrepis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 925. corallinus, var, crebripunctatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1869, _ p. 877. marcgravi, var. laticollaris, Peters, 1. ¢. ne var. circinalis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 41, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1872). laticollaris, Garm. 1. ce. p. 107. ephippifer, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, D. 281. bernardi, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 87. diastema, var. michoacanensis, Dugés, Naturaleza, (2) i. 1891, p. 487, pl. xxxii. —— lemniscatus, part., Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 185. ruatanus, Giinth. 7. c. p. 185, pl. lvii. fig. B. Eye shorter than its distance from the mouth (one half to two thirds) in the adult. Rostral broader than deep; frontal as broad as or broader than the supraocular, once and a half to twice as ‘long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; latter longer than their distance from the internasals ; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1 (rarely 1+2); seven upper labials, third usually larger than fourth, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals | 180-237 ; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 30-59. Body annulate, black and red or black, yellow, and red; tail annulate black and yellow ; snout black; parietal shields usually entirely or greater part yellow, the first black annulus just behind or encroaching a little upon the parietals. Total length 990 millim. ; tail 85. Eastern North America, from Southern Virginia, the Ohio River, and the Missouri to the Rio Grande ; Mexico; Central America. 424 A. Body with 12 to 19 broad black annuli edged with yellow, separated by red, black-spotted interspaces of nearly equal extent; the black spots may be so crowded as to nearly entirely obscure the red colour; the black of the anterior part of the head extending to the posterior third or the posterior extremity of the frontal ; the first black annulus just behind the parietals, (HZ, fulvius, L., E. tenere, B. & G., E. tristis, B. & G.) COLUBRID. ab. 2 (V. 219, 224; 35 _ 84, 35). e-d. 3 (V. 213; ©. 41) & 2 (V. 296; C.?). Marion Co., Florida. . third upper labial large, forming a short suture with the preefrontal.. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 248; anal divided ; subcaudals- 117. Olive above, yellowish beneath. Total length 2690 millim.; tail 545. Anseba, Abyssinia. Fam. 8. AMBLYCEPHALIDA. Aglyphodontes Paréasiens, part., Leptognathiens .» Duméril,. Bien, Ao. Se. xxiii. p. 497 1863; Duméril & ibvon ’ Erp. Gén.. Vii. : Dipsadide, bse Giinther, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 162, 1858. Amblycephalide, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 824, 1864. Colubride, part. (Leptognathinze : » Proc. Amer. Philos. See xxitiep, aod, 1886 a gleam iapsatiey i Anibtyeasbalils, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 414, 1890. fal ie Yi a - / ‘typ > «3 > Hy (~ v if , a \ f k * f£ a , f y £ ) hi ve “i ee Skull of Amblycephalus carinatus. ——— 1. HAPLOPELTURA. 439 Facial bones slightly movable ; prefrontal not in contact with nasal ; ectopterygoid (transpalatine) present ; pterygoid short, not extending to quadrate or mandible; supratemporal rudimentary ; maxillary horizontal, parallel with or converging posteriorly towards the palatine. Mandible without coronoid bone. Solid teeth in Woth jaws. The hypapophyses disappear in the anterior third of the dorsal vertebral column. These Snakes, which inhabit South-eastern Asia and Central and South America, may be readily distinguished from the Colubride, without an examination of the skull, by the absence of a mental groove, the mouth being susceptible of but slight expansion, and by the free termination of the pterygoid bones, which do not diverge behind, as may be seen on the back of the palate when the mouth is fully open. Synopsis of the Genera. I. Body more or less compressed. A. Maxillary very short, with 5 or 6 teeth. Subcaudals single .............. 1. Haplopeltura, p. 439. Subcaudals in two rows ........ 2. Amblycephalus, p. 440. B. Maxillary rather short, turned inwards, with 11 to 18 teeth. Pterygoids toothed ............ 3. Leptognathus, p. 446. Pterygoids toothless ............ 4, Dipsas, p. 460. II. Body cylindrical ..........%. 5. Pseudopareas, p. 462. 1. HAPLOPELTURA. Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837). Aplopeltura, . Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 463, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 444 (1854). Amblycephalus, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 184 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 100 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 825 (1864). Maxillary bone very short, deep, with five subequal teeth; maxillary and mandibular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with vertical pupil; nasal entire. Body strongly compressed; scales smooth, without pits, oblique, in 13 rows, vertebral row strongly enlarged ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. Pinang, Malay Archipelago. 1. Haplopeltura boa. Amblycephalus boa, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 1034; Giinth. Cat. p. 184 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 325 (1864) ; ’ Jan, Icon. Gén. 37, pl. iii. ina 2 (1870) ; Modighani, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) Vii. 1889, 120 Pp. 440 AMBLYCEPHALID2. Dipsas boa, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. 1. 9 & 30 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. ne oan eg is yi’ baz). lopeltura boa, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 444 (1854 PP etcolsocltars boa, Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Wat "1892, p- 154, Snout very short and deep. ostral narrow, once and a half to twice as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal not broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a ‘little longer than the parietals; two or three enlarged occipitals ; two or three super- posed loreals, the lower often entering the eye, which is bordered by six to eight shields in addition to the supraocular; temporals 3+3 or 4; eight to ten upper labials, none entering the eye; two pairs of lower labials in contact on the median line behind the symphysial ; three or four pairs of large chin-shields, the anterior pair sometimes fused to a single azygous shield or preceded by an azygous shield. Scales in 13 rows, vertebrals strongly enlarged. Ventrals 148-170; anal entire; subcaudals 88-120. Yellowish or pale brown above, yellowish beneath, mottled with dark brown ; usually with large dark brown blotches, which may extend across the belly ; a large dark brown blotch on the head; sides of head yellowish white, with three or more dark streaks radiating from the eye. TPotal length 750 millim.; tail 220. Pinang, Borneo, Philippines, Java, Moluccas. a-b. 2 (V. 167, 160; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. C. 106, 108). ec, Hgr. (V. 165; C.107). Sarawak. Sir H. Low [ Let d. gd (V. 158; ©. 120), Baram, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]}. e. 2 (V. 163 ; C. 116). Borneo, ree Oe 156 ; ©. 100). Palawan. | A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. g. & (V. 162; CO. 88). Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C. }. h. 2 (V. 148; C. 98). Philippines. Fo} Cuming, sq. z. 2 (V. 150; C. 99). Java. Leyden Museum. k, Hgr. (V.155; 0.97). Java. Dr. Horsfield [P.}. 1. 2 skeleton. Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. 0. } 2. AMBLYCEPHALUS. Amblycephalus, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, “he 474; Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 519; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p (1890). —_ agler, Syst. ‘Amph. p Pel (1830) ; Dum. & Bibr. pr Gén, i. p. 438 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat, Col, Sn. p. 184 (1858), and Rept. Brit Ind, p, 826 (1864), Dipsas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 257 (1837). Leptognathus, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Oftd. p. 100 (1863). Asthenodipsas , Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac, 1864, p. 273. Maxillary bone very short, deep, with 5 or 6 subequal teeth ; mandibular teeth gradually decreasing in length.. Head distinct 2. AMBLYCEPHALUS, 441 from neck ; eye moderate, with vertical pupil; nasal single. Body more or less compressed ; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without pits, more or less oblique, in 15 rows, vertebral row enlarged or not. Ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or short; subcaudals in two rows. South-eastern Asia. Synopsis of the Species. I. A single shield between the nasal and the eye; prefrontal entering the eye; one or two labials entering the eye. A. Frontal at least as broad as long; symphysial in contact with an azygous chin-shield; second or third lower labial very large, usually in contact with its fellow; ventrals 148-176; subcaudals 26-55. Dix upper Mipials 52. kk cece cs rece 1. levis, p. 441. Seven upper labials ................ 2. malaccanus, p. 442. B. Frontal longer than broad; symphysial in contact with a pair of chin-shields; ventrals 188-194; subcaudals 70-87. 3. monticola, p. 443. AI. Loreal and preocular distinct ; eye separated from the labials by suboculars. A. Prefrontal entering the eye. 1. Scales smooth ; eye bordered by four or five shields; ventrals 136-151 ; subcaudals 37-47. 4, moellendorffii, p. 443. 2. Dorsal scales feebly keeled. Eye bordered by five shields; ventrals 153-155; subcaudals 38-46 ...... 5. andersonii, p. 444. Eye bordered by six shields .......... 6. modestus, p. 444. Eye bordered by seven or eight shields ; ventrals 164; subcaudals 51 ...... 7. macularius, p. 444. B. Prefrontal excluded from the eye. Ventrals 138; subcaudals 53 ........ 8. margaritophorus, Yentrals 161-183; subcaudals 57- [p. 445 BO act ae se Re eres 9. carinatus, p. 445. 1. Amblycephalus levis. Amblycephalus levis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 520; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 415 (1890). iter eel Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 287, pl. xi. figs. 24 & 25 1837) Pareas levis, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 442 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 185 442 AMBLYCEPHALID. 1858), and t. Brit. Ind. p. 828 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. rit. Ind. p. (1876). Leptognathus levis, Jan, Elenco, p. 101 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 37, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1870). Rostral a little broader than deep; internasals small, about one third the length of the prefrontals ; latter entering the eye ; frontal as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular very small; no preocular; loreal entering the eye; one or two postoculars; temporals 242; six upper labials, third and fourth, or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, sixth very long; symphysial in contact with a small azygous chin-shield; third lower labial very large, forming a suture with its fellow; two pairs of large chin-shields, broader than long. Scales in 15 rows, smooth, vertebrals enlarged. Ventrals 148-176; anal entire; subcaudals 34-69. Brown above, with irregular transverse blackish cross-bands ; lower parts brownish or yellowish, spotted with brown or with transverse brown spots on the sides. | Rs Total length 545 millim. ; tail 65. Java, Borneo, Natuna Islands, and Malacca. a. 9 (V. 167; C. 40). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [Ft 6. 3 (V. 156; C.55). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.}. c. 2 (V.172; 0.34), Mt. Kina Balu, N. A. Everett, Esq.[C.|. Borneo. d. d (V. 160; ©. 50). Borneo. Sir E.. Belcher. e. 2 (V. 176; 0.46). Borneo. f. Yg. (V. 148; C. 47). Sirhassen,Gt.Natunald. A. Everett, Esq.[C.]. g. 3d (V. 163; C. 55), Java. Leyden Museum. h. 3 (V.170; C. 69). Java. Hr. Fruhstorfer [C.]. 2. Amblycephalus malaccanus. we Bp 7 malaccana, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1864, ‘p. 273, pl. —. fig. 8; v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool, Ergebn, i. p- 189, pl. xv. figs. 4-6 (1890). Pareas dorsopictus, Edeling, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxxi. 1870, p- 385. Amblycephalus malaccanus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1892, p. 507. Rostral a little broader than deep; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals; latter entering the eye; frontal as long as broad or a little broader than long, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small; no preocular; loreal short, entering the eye ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2, the two upper sometimes fused; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, seventh large; symphysial in contact with a small azygous shield ; second or third lower labial very large, usually in contact with its fellow ; two pairs of large chin-shields, broader than long. Scales smooth, in 15 rows; three median rows a little enlarged. Ventrals 2. AMBLYCEPHALUS. 443 154-170; anal entire; subcaudals 26-55. Yellowish or pale. brown above, with rather irregular dark brown cross-bars, which are interrupted on the spine; vertebral scales yellowish; head sometimes whitish ; sides and lower surface of neck black; belly whitish, uniform or speckled with dark brown. Total length 440 millim. ; tail 50. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo. a. 2 (V. 168; C. 40). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. b. & (V.169; C. 55). Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. on c. 2 (V.170; C. 37). Bongon, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C. |e 3. Amblycephalus monticola. (Puiare XXIII. fig. 1.) Dipsas monticola, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 53. Pareas monticola, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 327 (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 188; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 203 (1876). Amblycephalus monticola, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 415, fig. (1890) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. lx. 1891, p. 247. Rostral as deep as broad; internasals not more than half as long. as the prefrontals; latter entering the eye; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal entering the eye; a preocular below the loreal ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; three pairs of large chin-shields, anterior longer than broad and in contact with the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows, smooth; vertebrals enlarged, hexagonal. Ventrals 188-194; anal entire; subcaudals 70-87. Brown above, with vertical blackish bars on the sides; a black line from above the eye to the nape, and another from behind the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish below, dotted with brown. Total length 600 millim.; tail 135. Eastern Himalayas, Khasi and Naga hills, Nicobar Islands. a. 6 (V.198; C. 84). Naga hills, Assam. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) b go (V. 194; C. 87). Khasi hills. Dr. Griffith. ce. ¢ (V.188; 0.75). Darjeeling. uf T. Blanford, Esq. P.). 4, Amblycephalus moellendorfii. Pareas carinata, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 826 (1864). moellendorttii, Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. 1885, p. 125, and 1888,. p. 84, pl. ii. fig. 1; Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 424 (1895). ea moellendorfli, W. L. Sclater, List Sn. Ind. Mus. (1891). Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; internasals not more than half as long as the prefrontals ; latter entering the eye ; fronta] as long as broad or a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of-the snout, shorter than the parietals ; supraocular small ;. A444 AMBLYCEPHALID 2. loreal longer than deep; one preocular; a crescentic subocular; a small postocular sometimes present; temporals elongate, 2+3 ; seven or eight upper labials; three pairs of large chin-shields, anterior longer than broad and in contact with the symphysial, Seales smooth, equal, in 15 rows. Ventrals 136-151 ; anal entire; subcaudals 37-47. Brown or dark grey above, with irregular transverse series of black and white spots; a white nuchal collar may be present; lower parts white, spotted or dotted with black on the sides. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 57. | * Canton, Hong Kong, are — Siam, Tenasserim. ger. (V. 136; OC, 44). Kong. Indian Museum [E.]. b. ° ey. 136 ; C. 42). ountains. M. Mouhot [C.}. c. 9 (V. 154; C. 38). Onsibatee 5. Amblycephalus andersonii. eye ee hae Bouleng. Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) vi. 1888, p. 601, V. Acnbivesnahas andersonii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 416 (1890). Internasals about one third the length of the prefrontals; latter entering the eye; frontal slightly longer than broad, two thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular moderate, not quite half the width of the frontal; a small loreal; a preocular, a post- ocular, and a crescentic subocular, excluding the labials from the eye; temporals 2+3,; seven upper labials, seventh very long ; three pairs of large chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows, dorsals feebly keeled. Ventrals 153-155; anal entire; subcaudals 38-46. Dark brown above, with distant small black spots with a white dot; labial region spotted black and white; lower parts white, with -closely-set squarish black spots. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 52. Upper Burma. 6. Amblycephalus modestus. thee modestus, Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 55, and Cat. Rept. Brit. an & 204 (1876). Amblycephalus modestus, Rondeng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 416 (1890). Internasals small; prefrontals large, entering the eye; supra- ocular small; loreal moderate; preoculars two, very small; post- ocular one, very small; a band-like subocular, excluding the ‘labials from the orbit; two anterior temporals ; seven upper labials, seventh very long ; three pairs of large chin-shields. Scales in 15 rows, dorsals faintly keeled. Colour above uniform brown; below pale yellowish. Pegu. 7. Amblycephalus macularius. Pareas macularius, Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 54. — berdmorii, part., Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soe. Mus. 1868, p. 63. 2. AMBLYCEPHALUS. 445 Pareas margaritophorus (non Jan), Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 203 (1876). ‘ Amblycephalus macularius, Bouleng. Faun. Ind. Rept. p. 416 (1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 248. Rostral a little broader than deep; internasals about half the length of the preefrontals ; latter entering the eye; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; supraocular moderate, nearly half the width of the frontal; a small loreal; one preocular, one postocular, and three or more suboculars, excluding the labials from the eye; temporals much elongate,2+2; seven upper labials, seventh very large; three pairs of large chin-shields. Scales in 15: rows, dorsals feebly keeled. Ventrals 164; anal entire; sub- caudals 50. Pale brown or reddish brown above, with transverse series of dark brown and white spots; lower parts brownish white, spotted with brown. Total length 405 millim. ; tail 70. Tenasserim. a. o (V. 164; C. 50). Tenasserim. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) 8. Amblycephalus margaritophorus. Leptognathus margaritophorus, Jan, N. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 8. Loreal separated from the eye by the prxocular ; eye surrounded by four shields and the supraocular; seven upper labials, none entering the eye. _ Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 138; anal entire; subcaudals 53. SBlackish above, with transverse ‘series of white spots ; a white, black-edged nuchal collar. Total length 250 millim.; tail 56. Siam. 9. Amblycephalus carinatus. Amblycephalus carinatus, Boze, Isis, 1828, p. 1035; W. L. Selater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |x. 1891, p. 248; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat, 1892, p. 135. Dipsas carinata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 285, pl. xi. figs. 26-28 (1837), and Abbild. p. 135, pl. xlv. figs. 10-12 (1844). Beier esi ke Dum, & Bibr. vii. p. 489 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 185 (1858). Leptognathus carinatus, Jan, Elenco, p. 101 (1863), and Icon. Gén, 37, pl. iv. fig, 3 (1870). Pareas carinata, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 326 (1864).! —— berdmorii, part., Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 68. Rostral small, deeper than broad; internasals two thirds the length of the preefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long ; eye surrounded by five to seven shields in addition to the supra- ocular, viz., one or two preoculars, two or three suboculars, one or 446 AMBLYCEPHALID 2. two postoculars; temporals 2+3 or 3+4; seven or eight upper labials ; last very long, none entering the eye ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three pairs of large chin-shields, broader than long. Scales in 15 rows, three dorsal rows slightly enlarged and more or less distinctly keeled, the keels sometimes hardly distinguishable. Ventrals 161-183; anal entire; subcaudals 57-80. Yellowish or reddish brown above, with blackish transverse spots or more or less regular cross-bars inter- rupted on the spine; a black line on each side of the head behind the eye, confluent with an X-shaped black blotch on the nape; an oblique black line from below the eye to the anterior border of the last upper labials; yellow beneath, dotted or striolated with blackish, or with a median blackish line. Total length 500 millim.; tail 115, Cochinchina, Burma, Java. a. 3 (V. 163; C, 65). Java. Leyden Museum, b. od (V. 175; C. 76). Java, ” CO. Bowring, Esq. P.}. ce, da. 3 (V. 165, 178; Java. C. 69, 80). e. 2 (V. 162; C. 57). Care Mts., Kediri, Baron y, Huegel [C.]. ava. f. do (V. 166; C. 71). Lao Mountains, M. Mouhot [C.}. g. & skeleton. Batavia. B_ Kinetic Esq. 3. LEPTOGNATHUS. Dipsas, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 180 (1830); Sehleg. 8. Serp. i p- 257 (1837) ; Cope, Wiel Philad. 1880, Pp Sé0 Leptognathus, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii, 1853, p. 467, and Er . Gén, vii. p. 473 (1854). Chek tiopharus: Dum. §& Bibr, ll. ce. pp. 467, 478. Stremmatognathus, Diim. §& Bibr. ll. cc. pp. 468, 520. Anholodon, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1165. Leptognathus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 177 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 100 (1863) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 107. Dipsadomorus, part., Jan, 1. c. p. 99. Mesopeltis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 818, Asthenognathus, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 141. Neopareas, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 178 (1895). _ Maxillary bone with the toothed border more or less turned inwards; teeth 11 to 18, equal or middle longest; mandibular teeth, anterior longest, gradually decreasing in length. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate or large, with vertical pupil; nasal entire or divided. Body more ‘or less compressed; scales smooth, without pits, more or less oblique, in 13 or 15 rows, vertebral row enlarged or not; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Central and South America, 3. LEPTOGNATHUS. 447 Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 13 rows, vertebrals enlarged. Eight (rarely nine) upper labials ; ven- trals 162-190 ; subcaudals 82-108. 1. catesbyi, p. 449. ‘Ten or eleven upper labials; ventrals 186-220 ; subcaudals 112-145 .... 2. pavonina, p. 450. IT. Scales in 15 rows. A. First two or three pairs of lower labials in contact behind the symphysial; ventrals 162-192; subcaudals 85-91. 1. Vertebral scales moderately enlarged. Nine or ten upper labials .......... 3. variegata, p. 451. Seven upper labials........... Tons 4, albifrons, p. 451. 2. Vertebral scales scarcely enlarged; nine or ten upper PADIBIA: 533 4,2 sia dah ae ees 5. brevifacies, p. 452. B. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the sym- physial. 1. Vertebral scales very strongly enlarged, the largest nearly twice as broad as long; ventrals 184-188; subcaudals 82-94. a. Kight upper labials. Rostral broader than deep; no pree- POORER | esas vss o hea ean baer 6. andiana, p. 452. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; one prcadonlar |. a. 4s: cane pees ene 7. elegans, p. 452, 6. Seven upper labials........ 8. leucomelas, p. 453. 2. Vertebral scales moderately enlarged. a. Ventrals 156-180; subcaudals 45-90. Subcaudals 53-90 ; three labials behind those entering the eye............ 9. mikani, p. 453. Subcaudals 45-52; two labials behind those entering the eye............ 10. ventrimaculata, p. 454. Subcaudals 61; five labials behind those entering the eye............ 11. inequifasciata, p. 455. b. Ventrals 164-197 ; subcaudals 110-114. TWO PEOICUATA! 5 oi he Pee ieee te 13. alternans, p. 456. No prencdulat iii idee aiclea is 14, viguiert, p. 457. 448 AMBLYCEHPALID &. c. Ventrals 204-215 ; subcandals 122-135. No preocular ; two labials entering the OCA 2 Rae oo) eee 16. articulata, p. 458. A preocular above the loreal; three labials entering the eye .......... 17. incerta, p. 458. 3. Vertebral scales not enlarged. Ventrals 149-159; subcaudals 41-51 ; no azygous chin-shield .......... 12. turgida, p. 456. Ventrals 195; subcaudals 129; three azygous chin-shields ............ 21. bicolor, p. 460. C. Lower labials all separated by chin-shields. 1. No azygous anterior chin-shield ; vertebral scales mode— rately enlarged. Ventrals 164; subcaudals 113 ...... 15. annulata, p. 457. Ventrals 212; subcaudals 121 ...... 18. argus, p. 458. 2. An azygous chin-shield in contact with the symphysial ;. vertebral scales not enlarged. Ventrals 156; subcaudals55....... . 19. sanniola, p. 459. Ventrals 186-193; subcaudals 98-126. 20. dimidiata, p. 459. TABLE sHowine NumsBers or Scates AND SHTELDs. Se V. OF Lab. OODIIOUE Soc sicaissoatnicuvstackan 13 162-190 82-108 8-9 | PAVOMENG oe. cscrccsccscesenses 13 186-220 112-145 10-11 UOTEOYONE sercisveiccccesseesss 15 180-192 88-91 9-10 albifrons pean tuahndps easkey 460 Car. —— scytha, Pall. op. cit. ii. Bf 17 (1773). —--aspis, Miill. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 36 (1776). Vipera prester, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 8309 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 161 (1803): Linck, Voigt’s Mag. Nat. xii. 1806, p. 295. —— melanis, Latr. t. c. p. 311; Daud. t. e. p. 191. —— schyta, Latr. t. c. p. 312; Daud. t. ec. p. 150. —— berus, Daud. t. c. p. 89, pl. lxxii. fig. 1; Linck, l. ¢. p. 291 pl. v. figs. 1 & 2; Meisner, Mus. Nat. Helv. p. 89, pl. i. fig. 1 (1820); Brandt § Ratzeb. Med. Zool, i. p. 171, pl. xx. (1829) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 591, pl. xxi. age. 4 & 15 (1887); Berth. in Wagn. Reise n. Kolchis, p. 335 (1850) ; Viaud-Grandm. Serp. Vend. p. 37 (1867); Jan, Icon. Gén. 45, pl. ii. (1874); Ninni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat, xxii. 1879, 175; Leydig, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 187 ; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1884, . 800, & 1885, p. 695; Bouleng. The Zool. 1885, p. 373; Notthaft, ol, Anz. 1886, p. 450; Blum, Abh. Senck. Ges. xv. 1888, p. 128; Meyer § Helm, Taktosk Ornith. Beob. Sachsen, vi. 1892, p. 55; Bouleng. The Zool. 1892, p. 87; Méthely, Beitr. Mon. Kronstadt, Herp. p. 37 (1892); Bedriaga, CR. Congr. Int. Zool. 1892, i. p- 240 ; Diirigen, Deutschl. Amph. u. Rept. p. 337, pl. ix. (1894); Nobre, Ann. Sc. Porto, i. 1894, p. 123; Bouleng. Zool, 1895, . 60; Bedriaga, Ann. Sc. Porto, ii, 1895, p. 114; Méhely, Math. erm. Kézl. Budapest, xxvi. 1895, p. 4, pls. i. & ii. Coluber ceruleus, Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soe. vii. 1804, p. 56. Vipera cherseea, Linck, 1. c. p. 294. —— communis, Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. p. 7, pl. exxiv. (1817). Pelias berus, Merr. Tent. p. 148 (1820); Frivaldsky, Mon. Serp., Hung. p. 35 (1823) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Anf. (1885); Bell, Brit. t. Pp 58, figs. (1839) ; Steenstr. Nat. Tidsskr. Copenh. ii. 1839, P. 2; Gray, Cat. p. 31 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. vii. . 1395, pl. lxxixd. fig. 2 (1854); De Betta, Erp. Venet. p. 229 (i857) ; Cook, Our Rept. p. 66, pl. v. (1865) ; Blanche, Bub, Soe. Amis Se. Nat. Rouen, i. 1865, p. 109; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 210 (1872); De Betta, Faun, Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 53 (1874) ; Schreib, Herp, Eur. p. 202 (1875); Lessona, Atti Ace, Torin. xiv. 1879, p. 748; De Betta, Atti Ist. Ven. (5) vi. 1880, p. 861; Dalla Torre, Progr. Gymn, Innsbr, 1891, p. 7. be x . a= a a 3. VIPERA. 477 Vipera limnwa, Bendiscioli, Giorn. Fis. Stor. Nat. (2) ix. 1826, . 431, : trilamina, Millet, Faune Maine et Loire, ii. p. 651, pl. v. fig. 2 (1828). Pelias chersea, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. a 73 (1832). ; Vipera torva, Lenz, Schlangenk. p. 133, pls. i.—iv. & viii. (1832). Pelias prester, Steenstr. Nat. Tidsskr. Copenh. ii, 1839, p. 542. —— dorsalis, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 71 (1842). Echidnoides trilamina, Mauduyt, Herp. Vienne, p. 29 (1844). Vipera pelias, Sowbeiran, De la Vipére, p. 30 (1855), and Bull. Soc. Acchim. x. 1863, p. 397. berus, part., Strauch, Syn. Viper. p. 32 (1869) and Schl. Russ. R. p. 206 (1873); Tournev. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1881, p. 58, pl. i. figs. 728 & 1030; Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Viper. p. 35, pl. i. figs. 8, 19, 20, 21, 26-29 (1888); Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1893, . 186. a. berus seoanei, Lataste, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 132 ; Tournev. 1. c. p. 41, pl. i. figs. u, v, z. Snout broadly rounded or truncate, with strong canthus which is very rarely slightly raised; eye usually larger in males than in females, its vertical diameter equal to or greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral as deep as broad, or slightly broader than deep, or a little deeper than broad, not or but scarcely visible from above, in contact with two apical shields, rarely with one; frontal and parietal shields usually distinct, the former as long as broad or a little longer than broad, usually shorter than its distance from the rostral, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; supraocular well developed, sometimes in contact with the frontal, usually separated from it by a series of two to four scales; 6 to 13 scales round the eye, usually 8 to 10; the upper preocular only excep- tionally in contact with the nasal; one, rarely two, series of scales between the eye and the labials; nasal single, not or but slightly larger than the eye, separated from the rostral by a naso-rostral ; temporal scales smooth, rarely feebly keeled ; 6 to 10 upper labials, usually 8 or 9; three or four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Scales in 21 rows (exceptionally 19 or 23), strongly keeled, outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 132— 150 (usually 137-147) in 3g, 132-158 (usually 140-150) in 9 ; anal entire; subcaudals 33-46 (usually 35-40) in g, 24-38 (usually 28-33) in 2. Coloration very variable: grey, yellowish, olive, brown, or red above, usually with a dark undulating or zigzag band along the spine and a series of lateral spots; a /\-, >< -, or 4A\-shaped dark marking on the back of the head, and a dark postocular streak ; upper labials whitish or yellowish, the anterior at least edged with brown or black; grey to brown or black beneath, uniform or spotted with darker or lighter ; end of tail usually yellow or coral-red. Some specimens entirely black, either through darkening of the ground-colour (@) or through extension of the black markings(¢). Males usually distinguishable from females by darker, deep black markings and lighter ground-colour. Total length: ¢, 660 millim.; tail 90. 9,700; 76. 478 VIPERID 2. Europe, generally distributed in the North, mostly confined to the mountains in the Centre, irregularly distributed in the South (North of Spain and Portugal, Northern Italy, Bosnia) ; Caucasus ; Siberia, eastwards to Sachalien Island. a. 9 (V. 145; C. 29). Near Freswick, Dr. MacGregor [P.}. Canisbay, Caithness. b-c. ¢ (V. 148; C. 88) Betty Hill, Suther- Capt.S.G. Reid [P.}. & 9° (V. 145; C. 33). landshire. ad. 2 (V. 142; C. 32). W. Ross-shire. W. yi te Clarke, é. 3 (V. 141; C. 35). Pluscarden Abbey, nr. D. "Chuciezon, Esq. Forres, Mhaysbire, “ geot 2, gx85s : F Sa, Sa, S40 Fs SoV ERTS eRe e & o> a = @ ~ . . 27; V. 184; > (Se. 1, 81, 32, . 165, 165, 166, = +O T~ rs 10710 SB Box & a. ORO ¢ a(S 87; V. 178; B. ge (Se. 37; V. 182; y: 8 “ise 87; V. 178; 8. ° se 34; V. 172; oS (Se. 35, 34, 31; . 170, 180, 172; C. 30, 81, '30). 6-4. ligr .(Se. 33, 31; V. 187 arb: C. $2, 36). K-v. Hie (Be 35, 81, 31, 77, 178, 180, 189 ; C. 35, 83, 34, 28). VIPERID&. Barbary. Egypt. Mokattam Hills, near Cairo. Assiout, Egypt. Dooroor, N. of Suakin, Suakin. Suakin. Suakin. Somaliland. Aden. Hadramaut. Muscat. — Trans- Chilgez, Afghan- istan. Between Nushki & the Helmand. Nasirabad, Sistan. Kilsa-i-Futh, Sistan, Bushire, Persia. Bushire. Jask, S, Persia. Jask, Muckberabad, Persia. Sir J. G. Wilkinson[P.]. Dr. J, Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. ~ ol. Sir Holled Smith & Dr. J. Anderson, [P.]. Dr. Penton & Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Capt, Cox [P.]. Col. Yerbury [P.]. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. A. 8. G. Jayakar, Esq. (P.]. Warsaw Mus, [E.]. Dr. Aitchison [C.]; Afghan Boundary omm, han omm. Gen. Goldsmid [P.}. Gen, Goldsmid [P.]. Dr. Leith [P.]. E. Lort Phillips, Esq, [P.]. r. Aitchison [C.]; Boundary B, I. Ifinch, Esq. [P.]. S, Butcher, Esq, [P.]. 7. ECHIs. 507 -7. 2 (Se. 35, 81; V. W.of Bampur, Ba~ W. T. Blanford, Esq. 192,174; C. 30, 82). * luchistan. [E.]}. rv. 2 (Sc. 31; V. 168; Kurrachee. Dr. Leith [P.}. C. 31) & hgr. (Sc. 33; - V.163; C. 31). dp. ee (Se. 31; V.173; Sind. Dr. Leith [P.}. x-v. 2 (Sc. 35,35; V. Sind. F, Day, Esq. {P.]. 184, 183; C. 31, 31). @. a i "33; v. 179; Deesa. Dr. Leith [P.]. a'-c'. Hgr. (Sc. 31, 31; Mahabuleshwar. Dr. Leith [P.]. V. 1538, 155; C. 28, 31) & yg. (Se. 33; V. 168 ; 4 : d' © (Se.31; V.171; Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.]. & 31) & yg. ’(Se. 27, 27, oy, . 187, 132, 139; C. 25, 25, 95). hi’. Q (Se. 97 , 29; V. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 158, 149; C. 26, 23).: k’. coos (Se. 29; V. 141; Madras. T. C, Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 28). l’-m'. 3 (Se. 27; V.133; India. Dr. P. Russell. OC. 28) & 9° (Se. 29; V. 143; C. 23). nm’, Skull. 2. Echis coloratus. (Prare XXV. fig. 1.) Echis arenicola (non Bote), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489. - —— colorata, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 978, and i 1, p. 463 ; - Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 16. Scales on the snout and vertex convex, smooth or obtusely keeled, 13 to 15 across from: eye to eye; no supraocular shield ; 17 to 22 scales round the eye ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; nostril in a single or divided nasal, which is separated from the rostral by a series of scales; 12 to 15 upper labials. - Scales in 31-35 rows. Ventrals 174-205; anal entire; subcaudals 42-52. No cruciform light marking on the head. Total length 750 millim.; tail 80. Palestine, Arabia, Socotra. a-b. 2 (Se. 35, 35; V. Dead Sea. Canon Tristram [C.]. 192, 187; C. 46, 44). ce. Q (Se. 385; V. 205; JebelSharr, Midian, Major Burton [P.]. Ty C. 45). 4500 feet. (Type.) d-e. Hgr. 2 (Sc. 35,31; Hadramaut. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. of 150, 186; C. 51 , 50). “9. d (Se. 35 ; V. 179; Muscat, A. 8. G. Jayakar, Esq. 0. 52) & ye. (Se. 35; Pet V. 174; C. 49). h. 2 (Se. 85; V. 185; Socotra. Prof. I. B, Balfour [C.]. C. 44). 508 VIPERID. 8. ATHERIS. Chloroechis, Bonap. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 145.—No proper definition. Atheris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 337; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1864, p. 642; Strauch, Syn. fae p. 123 (1869). Peecilostolus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xi. 1863, p. 25. Echis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 122 (1863). Head very distinct from neck, covered above with imbricate scales; eye large, with vertical pupil, usually separated from the labials by small scales ; nostrils lateral. Body slightly compressed ; scales keeled, with apical pits, laterals more or less oblique and smaller than dorsals and than outer row; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate, prehensile ; subcaudals single. 3 The supratemporal is very short and the quadrate long and slender. Tropical Africa. Synopsis of the Species. I. No horn-like supraciliary scales. 9-11 scales across the crown, from eye to eye ; 25-36 scales across the middle Of the body. :....... sons en ccmeee eee 1. chlorechis, p. 508. 7-8 scales across the crown; 15-25 scales across the middle of the body.. 2. squamiger, p. 509. II. Several erect, horn-like supraciliary scales; 9-10 scales across the crown; 25 scales across the middle of the body. 3. ceratophorus, p. 510. 1, Atheris chlorechis. Vipera chloroechis, Schleg. Versl. Ak. Amst. iii. 1855, p. 317. Toxicoa chloroechis, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1859, p, 341. Ae ap (Echis) chloroechis, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool, 1859, p. 512. Echis chloroechis, Jan, Elenco, p. 122 (1863). Atheris polylepis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1864, p. 642; Giinth. Zool. Ree, 1864, p. 125. — chloroechis, Peters, l. c. p. 645; Strauch, Syn. Viper. x 126 (1869) ; F. Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges, Basel, vii. 1885, p. 696 ; Boettg Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 98. Rostral at least twice as broad as deep; head-scales strongly keeled, 9 to 11 across the crown from eye to eye; 15 to 17 scales round the eye ; one or two series of scales between the eye and the labials ; nasal entire or semidivided ; 9 to 12 upper labials ; two pairs of small chin-shields, the anterior in contact with the first or first and second lower labials; gular scales keeled. Scales strongly keeled, in 25-36 rows. Ventrals 154-165; anal entire; subcaudals 53- 62. Green above, uniform or with small yellow spots; uniform yellowish or pale green beneath ; end of tail yellowish or blackish. Total length 520 millim. ; tail 85. West Africa, from Liberia to the Ogowe. 8. ATHERIS, 509 c. 25; V. 165; Lagos. c, 25; V. 157; Lambarene, Ogowe Miss Kingsley (C.J. River. a 3 (S ~ 6.62) . 2 » & Bb) 2, Atheris squamiger. Echis squamigera, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 193. Toxicoa squamigera, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 341. Atheris squamatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 337. re us burtonii, Ginth. Ann. § Mag. NV. H.. (3) xi. 1863, ahtais burtonii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 16, pl. iii. ; Strauch, Syn. Viper. p. 125 (1869). squamigera, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 645; Strauch, l.c. p. 124; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. xi. 1887, p. 189; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p- 90; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 152 (1895). —— lucani, Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom: (7) ix. 1885, p. 89. P Atheris proximus, Rochebr. 1. c. p. 90. Atheris anisolepis, Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 89 *. leeviceps, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1887, p. 651, and Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 92, pl. ii. fig. 7. —— subocularis, F’scher, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss, Anst. v. 1888, p. 5, pls. i. fig. 2, & ii. fig. 11. Rostral at least thrice as broad as deep; head-scales strongly keeled, or smooth between the eyes, 7 or 8 across the crown from eye to eye; 10 to 15 scales round the eye ; one or two series of scales between the eye and the labials; nasal entire or divided; 9 to 12 upper labials (fourth, in one specimen, entering the eye); a pair of small chin-shields, in contact with one, two, or three lower labials on each side; gular scales keeled. Scales strongly keeled, in 15— 25 rows. Ventrals 153-173; anal entire; subcaudals 51-65. Olive above, uniform or with more or less regular, narrow, yellow cross-bands, or yellow with small green spots; pale olive beneath, marbled with darker or with yellowish spots or uniform yellow. Total length 550 millim.; tail 100. West Africa, from the Cameroons to eo ao A ot 21; V. 163; Cameroons. os Burton [C.]. C. 5 wey of P. Sabon J 2 of (Ss 15; V.163; Cameroons. Voss [C.]; J. G. C. 65). or ischer Collection. (Type of A. subocularis.) ¢. ae (Sc. 17; V.173; Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan [C.]. 58). d. oe (Sc. 17; V. 162; W. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 63). é rae (S 5. 17; V. 157; W. Africa. Dr. Giinther [P.]. Ff. & skeleton. W. Africa. * Types examined. 510 VIPERID&. This species is nearly completely connected with the preceding, and may ultimately have to be united with it. 3. Atheris ceratophorus. Atheris ceratophora, Werner, Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlv. 1895, p- 194, pl. v. fig. 1. Rostral twice and a half as broad as deep; head-scales strongly keeled, 9 or 10 across the interorbital region; three erect, horn-like, supraciliary scales, the longest as long as the eye; 16 or 17 scales round the eye; two series of scales between the eye and the labials ; nostril between two nasals; 10 or 11 upper labials; a pair of chin- shields in contact with four lower labials on each side ; gular scales keeled. Scales strongly keeled, in 25 rows. Ventrals 142; anal entire; subcaudals 55. Dark olive above, with black spots forming more or less regular cross-bands ; pale olive beneath, speckled with black. Total length 210 millim.; tail 65. East Africa. a. Q (V. 142; C. 55). Usambara. Dr. F. Werner. (‘Type.) 9, ATRACTASPIS. Atractaspis, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. (1849); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1803 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 239 (1858) ; Jan, Rev. §& Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 518; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 342; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 141 (1882). Brachycranion, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1 . 99; Cope, 1. ¢. Eurystephus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 837. Clothelaps, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos, Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 211. Poison-fangs enormously developed ; a few teeth on the palatines, none on the pterygoids; mandible edentulous in front, with two or three very small teeth in the middle of the dentary bone. Head small, not distinct from neck, covered with large symmetrical shields; nostril between two nasals; no loreal; eye minute, with round pupil. Postfrontal bone absent. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 17 to 37 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; subcaudals single or in two rows. Tropical and South Africa. This genus is remarkable as presenting the most extreme speciali- zation in the Viperine direction, the poison-fangs being as large in proportion as in any other form and the solid teeth on the palate and mandible, which are much reduced in number in many of the Crotalines, having almost disappeared. wa Y, ATRACTASPIS, ‘611 Fig. 36. Skull of Atractaspis aterrima. Synopsis of the Species. I. Anal divided ; subcaudals all or greater part divided. A. Six upper labials, fifth very large and forming a suture with the parietals; no preocular; frontal shorter than the parietals ; scales in 17 rows; ventrals 167-174. 1. hildebrandtii, p. 512. B. Five upper labials, fourth largest ; postocular in contact with a large temporal; a preocular; frontal as long as, or slightly shorter than the parietals. Scales in 19-21 rows; ventrals 200-230. 2. congica, p. 513. Scales in 25-27 rows; ventrals 220-257. 3. irregularis, p. 513, JI. Anal entire ; subcaudals all or part entire. A. Postocular in contact with a large temporal. 1. Second lower labial very large, fused with the chin-shields ; scales in 23-27 rows; ventrals 178-193; subcaudals 23— PROSE RG fap torrent SAE 4. corpulenta, p. 514. 512 VIPERID2. 2. Third lower labial very large. a. First lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; scales in 19-23 rows. Snout very prominent, cuneiform ; rostral with sharp horizontal edge; ventrals BB7T—-BAS . . oc cie cv pabin bio omenb setae 5. rostrata, p. 514. Snout prominent, subeuneiform ; ventrals | 21-200 oo sees chicane casec se Res 6. bibronit, p. 515. Snout rounded; ventrals 251-300 .... 7. aterrima, p. 515. b. Symphysial in contact with the chin-shields ; ‘scales in 31 rows; ventrals 240.... 8. dahomeyensis, p. 516. B. Temporals small, 243 or 4; fourth or fifth lower labial largest ; ventrals 210-245; subcaudals 26-37. 1. Seales in 23-25 rows. Frontal slightly longer than broad, much longer than the parietals .......... 9. micropholis, p. 516. Frontal once and two fifths as long as broad, as long as the parietals ...... 10. leucomelas, p. 517. 2. Scales in 29-37 rows ........ 11. microlepidota, p. 517. Atractaspis natalensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 616, pl. —. fig. 3, is not included in this Synopsis. I am convinced it is identical with Macrelaps microlepidotus, Gthr. (supra, p. 255), and should be referred to the synonymy of that species.. 1. Atractaspis hildebrandtii. * Atractaspis hildebrandtii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p, 616, pl. —. fig. 3. Snout rounded. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as, or a little shorter than, its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals a little longer than that between the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; no preocular; prefrontal entering the eye; a minute postocular; a large temporal, widely separated from the postocular; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large and forming a long suture with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are followed by a second shorter pair. Scales‘in 17 rows. Ventrals 167-174; anal divided ; subcaudals 22-28 pairs. Uniform dark brown. Total length 450 millim, ; tail 53. Kast Africa, a. 3 (V. 167; C. 28). Mombasa, H. W. Lane, Esq. [C.)]. _ 9, ATRACTASPIS. 513 2. Atractaspis congica. Atractaspis aterrima (non Giinth.), Bocage, Jorn, Se. Lish. iv. 1873, p. 223, congica, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 616, pl. —. fig. 2; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. x. 1887, p. 187, and Herp. Angola, p. 142 (1895). —— irregularis, var. congica, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 87. Snout very short, rounded. Portion of rostral visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals longer than that between the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, twice as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pra- and one post-. ocular; temporals 1+ 2, anterior very large and wedged in between the fourth and fifth labials; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, third extremely large. Scales in 19-21 rows. Ventrals 200-230 ; anal divided; subcaudals 19-23, a few of the anterior entire, rest in two rows. Uniform dark brown or black. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 35. Congo, Angola. a. é (Sc. 19; V.218; Pungo Andongo, Angola. Dr. Welwitsch [P.}. . 22). 3. Atractaspis irregularis. a irregularis, Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 264, pl. iii. figs. 1-3. Atractaspis irregularis, Jan, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 518, and 1859, p. 511, and Icon. Gén. 43, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1873) ; Pate Mon. Berl, Ac. 1877, p. 616; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 694; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p. 87; Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. NV. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 527; Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 143 (1895). PRE ae (non Hallow.), Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. 1866, p- 49. Snout very short, rounded. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring two thirds to three fourths its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals longer than that between the pre- frontals; frontal as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; a very large temporal wedged in between the fourth and fifth upper labials; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, third extremely large. Scales in 25-27 rows. Ventrals 220-257 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 22-28 pairs. Uniform dark brown or black. Total length 560 millim. ; tail 35. West Africa, from the Gold Coast to the Congo; Central Africa. VOL, III. 21 “i 514 VIPERID2. a-b. Hgr. (Sc. 25; V.220, 150 miles up the Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. 287 ; C. 28, 26). P c. 2 (Sc. 27; V. 257; Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha(P.}. ~ C. 98), d. ¥g. Xs. 25; V. 241; Uganda, Mr. Baxter [C.]. ©. 22), 4. Atractaspis corpulenta. Brachycranion vad energy Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 99. Atractaspis corpulentus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 70; Giinth. Cat. p. 239 (1858), and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p- * pl. iii. fig. F; Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p- 87. —— leucura, Mocg. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) x. 1886, p. 14, pl. v. Snout strongly projecting, cuneiform. Rostral large, its upper portion as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals *; frontal as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pre- and one post- ocular ; temporals 143, anterior very large and wedged in between the fourth and fifth labials ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; second lower labial very large, fused with the chin-shields and also forming a suture with its fellow. Scales in 23-27 rows. Ventrals 178-193; anal entire; subcaudals 23-27, all entire or only a few divided. Uniform blackish brown; tail sometimes white. Total length 345 millim. ; tail 33. West Africa (Liberia to Gaboon). a. & (Sc. 25; V.178; 0.25). Gaboon. 5. Atractaspis rostrata. es Fe eae Giinth. Ann, §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 429, pl. xix. fig. I. be —— bibronii (non Smith), Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 142, pls. xix A. fig. 2 & xx. fig. 11 (1882), , we irregularis, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamb, Wiss. Anst. x. 1898, p. 19. Snout very prominent, cuneiform. Rostral with sharp horizontal edge, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals a little longer or a little shorter than that between the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pra- and one postocular; a large temporal, wedged in between the fourth and fifth upper labials ; * The fusion of the internasals with the prefrontals, in the specimen described by Hallowell, is probably an individual anomaly. ase. ee ae eee 9, ATRAOCTASPIs, 515 five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, third extremely large. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 227-248; anal entire; sub- caudals 19-24, single. Uniform dark brown or blackish. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 37. F East and Central Africa. i % 5 (V. 227, 244; . Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Types.) a. fg (V. ‘Ne; C. 24). L. Nyassa. Universities Mission. 6. Atractaspis bibronii. Atractaspis bibronii, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lxxi. (1849) ; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1804 (1854); Bocage, "Jorn. Se. Lisb. i. 1866, p. 227 ; Bocage, Fee. Angola, i. p. 141 (1895). —-- inornatus, Smith, l. ¢. —— irregularis (non Reinh. ), Giinth,. Cat. p. 239 (1858). _—— irregularis, var. bibronii, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p. 165. Snout prominent, subcuneiform. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer than broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; a large temporal, wedged in between the fourth and fifth labials; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, third extremely large. Scales in 21-23 rows. Ventrals 221-260; anal entire; subcaudals 20--23, all or greater part single. Dark purplish brown ° above, yellowish or pale brown beneath. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 25. Eastern districts of Cape Colony, Natal, Namaqualand, Angola. a. é — 21; V.260; Eastern districts of Cape Sir A. Smith [P.]. Colony. (One of the i ms) b. : Se 21; V.222; Durban, Natal. Col. Bowker [P. C. 23). ao ses 21; V. 221; S. Africa. C. 22). 7. Atractaspis aterrima. Atractaspis bibronii (non Smith), Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p- 511, and Icon. Gén. 43, pl. iti. fig. 2 (1873). ne aterrima, Giinth. Ann. rs Mag. NV. HH. (3) xii. 1863, p. 363. Snout rounded. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring’ one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than that between the pra- frontals; frontal as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and one 2L2 516 VIPERID&, postocular ; a large temporal, wedged in between the fourth and fifth labials ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth largest ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the chin- shields, third extremely large. Scales in 19-21 rows. Ventrals 251-300; anal entire; subcaudals 18-24, single. Uniform dark brown or black. Total length 650 millim. ; tail 30. West and Central Africa. a. Hgr. (Sc. 21; V. 276; W. Africa. Prof. Grant [P.]. C. 18). (Type.) b é pg 19; V. 251; Ashantee. Sir A. Smith [P.}. . 22). e. é 6 21; V. 256; Wegbe, Togoland. W.G. Innes, Esq. [C.]. . 22). d. BB cog 21; V. 273; Lagos. "ef. 2(Se.19; V. 282; 150 miles up the Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. C.19) & yg. (Se. 19; Pas V. 277; C. 24). gy: ¥ (Se. 19; V. 800; Wadelai. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.}. - 19). h, Skull of e. 8. Atractaspis dahomeyensis. Atractaspis dahomeyensis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 196, and Herp, Angola, p. 144 (1895). Snout prominent and cuneiform, as in A. rostrata. One pre- ocular ; postocular absent, fused with the supraocular ; a large anterior temporal ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the chin-shields ; third lower labial very large. Scales in 31 rows. Ventrals 240; anal entire; sub- caudals 24, partly single, partly divided. Black above, brown beneath, the ventral shields edged with lighter. Total length 490 millim. ; tail 32. Dahomey. 9. Atractaspis micropholis. Atractaspis corpulentus (non Hallow.), Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 29. —— micropholis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 36, pl. iii. fig. E; F. Miill, Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 278. Snout very short, prominent, cuneiform. Rostral large, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much longer than the parietals; one pree- and one postocular; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3 or 4; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth scarcely larger than third, fifth and sixth small; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three or four lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, Scales in 25 eS ae, 9, ATRACTASPIS. ‘517 rows. Ventrals 210-215; anal entire; subcaudals 29-30, single: Uniform dark brown. Total length 330 millim. ; tail 28. Cape Verd. a. 2 (V. 210; C. 29). ——P Dr. St. George Mivart[P.]. (Type.) 10. Atractaspis leucomelas. Atractaspis leucomelas, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 16, pl. iv. tig. 2. Snout very short. Portion of rostral visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals half as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal once and two fifths as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; one pre-and one postocular ; temporals small, scale-like, 2+ 3; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, tourth largest ; first lower labial forming a suture with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with thechin-shields. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 243; anal entire ; subcaudals 27, nearly all single. Black above, with a white vertebral line, occupying one and two half rows of scales; ventrals and subcaudals, and four outer series of scales on each side, white ; neck entirely black; head white, with a black blotch . covering the nasals and the upper head-shields. Total length 575 millim.; tail 40. Ogaden, Somaliland. 11. Atractaspis microlepidota. Atractaspis microlepidota, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 29, pl. vii. fig. 3, and (6) i. 1888, p. 332; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, p. 16. —— fallax, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 890, and in Decken’s Reise O.-Afr. iii. p. 17, pl. i. fig. 3 (1869). Snout very short, prominent, subcuneiform. Portion of rostral visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as that between the pra- frontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, longer than the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; temporals small, 2+3 or 4; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye and largest; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields. Scales in 29-37 rows. Ventrals 212-245; anal entire; subcaudals 26-37, single. Uniform dark brown. Total length 540 millim.; tail 45. East and Central Africa. a. 2 (Se. 29; V. 212; C. 26). ——? beaks sd [ P.]. (Type.) b. 2 (Sc. 37; V. 245; C. 28). LL. Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C |. SE 518 VIPERID2. Subfam. 2. CROTALINA, Crotalini, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. 3 50, 1811. Crotalide, part., Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 204. Crotaloidea, Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept. p. 34, 1826. Cophiadw, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 511. Crotalina, Bonaparte, Mem, Acc. Tor. (2) ii. p. 898, 1840. Crotalide, Gray, Zool Miscell. p. 47, 1842, and Cat. Sn. p. 3, 1849. Crotaliens, Duméril, Mém. Ac, Se. xxiii. p. 533, 1858; méril & Bibron, Erp. Gén, vii. p. 1451, 1854. Crotalinse, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1859, p. 334. Crotalide, Gunther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 383, 1864. Crotalide, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 231. Teleuraspides, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 205. Bothrophes, Schreiber, Herp. Eur. p. 181, 1875. Bothrophera, Garman, N. Amer. Rept. p- 104, 1883. Crotalines, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept, p. 418, 1890. Crotalidee (Cophiine, Crotalinze), Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. xviii. p. 212, 1895, Skull of Crotalus horridus. Synopsis of the Genera. I, No rattle. Upper surface of head covered with nine large symmetrical shields, the internasals and preefrontals sometimes broken up into scales, 10. Ancistrodon, p. 519. Upper surface of head covered with scales or small shields. 11, Lachesis, p. 529. II. Tail ending in a rattle. Upper surface of head with nine large symmetrical shields. 12. Sistrurus, p. 569. Upper surface of head covered with scales or small shields. 13. Crotalus, p. 572. 10. ANCISTRODON. 519 10. ANCISTRODON. Agkistrodon, Palisot de Beauvois, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, . 881; Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 17 (1853) ; Stejneger, ep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 401 (1895). Scytale, part., Latr. Hist. Rept. iii. p. 158 (1802); Daud, Hist. Rept. v. p. 334 (1803). Cenchris, Daud. t. c. p. 356; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 175 (1830) ; Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 50 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 15 (1849). Cophias, part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 154 (1820). Trigonocephalus (non Opp.), Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p. 473; Fitzing. N. Classif. Rept. p. 34 (1826); Wagl.l. c.p.1738; Gray, Ul. ec. pp. 50 & 14; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1488 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 124 (1853) ; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 232 (1873). Tisiphone, Fitzing. 1. c.; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 673. Acontias (non Cuv.), Troost, Ann. Lye. N. York, iii. 1836, p. 176. Toxicophis, Troost, l. c. p. 190; Bard § Gir. 1. c. p. 19. Trigonocephalus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 527 (1887). Halys, Gray, Cat. p. 14; Peters, 1. c. p. 671; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 392 (1864). Hypnale, Gray, J. c. p. 15; Peters, l. c. p. 673; Giinth, 1. ¢. p. 894. Leiolepis (non Cuv.), Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 534, and Erp. Gén. vil. p. 1499. Ancistrodon, Baird, Serp. N. York, p. 13 (1854); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 336; Peters, l. c. p. 671; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 423 (1890); W. £. Taylor, Amer. Nat. 1895, p. 283. Calloselasma, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 336; Giinth. 1. c. p. 391. Upper surface of head with the nine normal shields, or internasals and preefrontals broken up into scales. Body cylindrical; scales smooth or keeled, with apical pits. Tail moderate or short; sub- caudals single or in two rows. ; Borders of the Caspian Sea; Asia; North and Central America. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 21-27 rows; internasals and prefrontals well deve- loped. A. Scales keeled. 1. Anterior subcaudals single; second upper labial usually forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. a. Snout not produced. No loreal, upper preocular in contact with the posterior nasal; third upper labial usually entering the eye ; scales in 25 (rarely 27) rows; ventrals 130- 147; subcaudals 33-51............ 1. piscivorus, p. 520. A loreal, separating the upper preeccular from the posterior nasal ; eye separated 520 VIPERIDZ. from the labials by suboculars ; scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows; ventrals 135-141 ; subcaudals 52-64........ 2. bilineatus, p. 521. A loreal, usually separating the upper preocular from the posterior nasal ; eye separated from the labials by suboculars; scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows ; ventrals 145-155; subcaudals BL -~BB. Vsisaivetengaee su vig-erts se hee 3. contortrix, p. 522. b. Snout ending in a pointed appendage; scales in 21 rows; ventrals 162-166 ; subcaudals 58-60. 4. acutus, p. 524. 2. Subcaudals all paired ; loreal pit separated from the labials ; we ventrals 137-174; subcaudals 31-55. a. Posterior labials distinct from the temporals, Snout slightly turned up at the end;- scales in 2B TOWS ....60 65s see oes’ 5. halys, p. 524, Snout not turned up; scales in 23 . (rarely 21) TOWS | -... vei 2» 03 06 is 6. intermedius, p. 525. Snout not turned up; scales in 21 (rarely 28) :r0W8 «s\00iss 5050 bowie ee 7. blomhoffii, p. 525. b. Posterior labials fused with the temporals ; snout slightly turned up; scales in 21 (rarely 23) rows. 8. himalayanus, p. 526. B. Scales smooth, in 21 rows; ventrals 138-157; subcaudals 34-64 pats... vac eannb ean 9. rhodostoma, p. 527. II. Scales in 17 rows, more or less distinctly keeled; snout strongly turned up, covered above with small shields ; ventrals 125-155 ; subcaudals 28-45 pairs. 10. hypnale, p. 528. 1. Ancistrodon eee Crotalus piscivorus, part., Lacép. Serp 180, 424 (1789), Scytale pi dua (1808) part, Latr, Kept. AA p- EBs (1802) ; ; Daud. Rept. Coluber aquaticus, part., Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 425 (1802). Acontias leucostoma, Troost, Ann. Lye, ey . lil, 1836, p. 176. Trigonocephalus cenchris, art., Schleg. Phy 8. Serp ii. Dp. 553 (1837). —— piscivorus, Holbr. . Am. Herp. ii. p. 68, pl. xiii, (1838), and 2nd ed. iii. p. 33, A hh (1842)> Dun. § Bibr. vii. p. 1491, . Ixxxii. b. fig. 2 (18654) ; ~ Leon. Gén, 46, pl. iv. (1874) ; ocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxvii, (1882). irri piscivorus, Gray, Boa call p. 51 (1842), and Cat. p. 16 Toxico coh sad Baird & Gir, Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 19 (1858), and lor. Surv. R. R. x, Rept. pl. xxv. fg. 13 (1859), pu ard § Gir, Ul. ce. p, 20, fi foe and Rep. US, Mex. Bou ‘Beve. ii., x. Rept. p. 15, pl. vi. (1868), 10, ANCISTRODON. 521 Ancistrodon piscivorus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 836; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 121, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 683. —— pugnax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 336. Agkistrodon piscivorus, Jord. Man. Vert. N. U.S. 5th ed. p. 199 (1888) ; Hay, Batr. Rept. Ind. p. 184 (1892) ; Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 336; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 406, pl. iv. (1895). Snout rounded, not turned up, flat above, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep; a pair of internasals and a pair of preefrontals; frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or ~ shorter than the parietals, which are usually followed by a pair of occipitals; no loreal; upper preocular in contact with the posterior nasal; two postoculars and one or two suboculars; 7 or 8 upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third usually entering the eye. Scales strongly keeled, in 25 (rarely 27) rows. Ventrals 130-147; anal entire; subcaudals 33-51, all single or the posterior divided. Pale reddish brown to dark brown above, with more or less distinct dark brown or black cross-bands with broken outlines, or with alternating C-shaped dark markings each enclosing a central spot; a dark, light-edged band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; beneath yellowish, spotted with black, or black with or without lighter variegations. Total length 1170 millim. ; tail 200. - Eastern North America, from North Carolina and Indiana to Florida and Texas. a,b. d (Sc. 27, 25; V. 146, Florida. H. MHanauer, Esq. 148 ; C. 49, 51). BL ce, ad. § (Se. 25; V. 184; New Orleans. H. Hanauer, Esq. C. 44) & Q@ (Se. 25; (Pe). V. 139; C. ?). e, f. 6 (Se. 25; V. 141; New Orleans. C. 48) & yg. (Sc. 25; g, h. 3 (Se. 25; V. 145; Texas. C. 48) & Q@ (Se. 25; V. 143; ©. 42). a go (Se. 25; V. 144; C. 47). N. America. Sir H. Sloane [P.]. k. 2 (Se. 25; V. 187; C. 44). N. America. Dr. R. Harlan [P.}. l. 3 (Se. 25; V. 182; C. 41). N. America. Dr. Schaus [P. }. m. 9 (Se. 25; V. 147; CO. 48). N. America. Dr. Giinther [P.]. n-o. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 180, N. America. Zoological Society. 131; C. 89, 39). p. Skull. Charleston. 2. Ancistrodon bilineatus. Ancistrodon bilineatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 18638, p. 864; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 191; F. Miill. Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 404; Cope, Broo. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. - 1892, p. 682; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 186, pl. lviii. figs, A & B (1895), 522 VIPERID ®. ap pep ety bilineatus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxvii. fig. 1 (1882). Snout obtusely pointed, not turned up, flat above, with sharp eanthus. Rostral,as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep ; a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals ; frontal shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; two postoculars and one or two suboculars, separating the eye from the labials; 8 or 9 (rarely 7) upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales more or less strongly keeled, in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 135-141; anal entire; subcaudals 52-64, anterior single, posterior divided, the divided shields usually more numerous than the single. Yellowish or reddish to dark brown above, with more or less distinct darker eross-bands or alternating transverse blotches with interrupted yellow edges; a vertical yellow, black-edged line on the rostral and symphysial shields, a fine yellow line round the snout on the canthus, continued behind the eye to the neck, and a broader yellow, black-edged streak on the upper lip from the anterior nasal to the last labial ; brownish to blackish beneath, with white, black- edged markings. Total length 1100 millim.; tail 200. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras. a. Hgr. 2 (Se.28; V. 141; Pacific Coast of 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. O, 52). Guatemala. (Type.) b. ¢ (Sc. 23; V.135;C. 61). Belize. Pr * Sclater, Esq. . P.). c. Q (Se. 25; V. 140; 0.54). Yucatan. d, e. Hgr. (Sc. 23, 23; V.137, Presidio, nr. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. 137 ; C. 64, 62). Mazatlan. f-g. 3 (Se. 28; V. 141; TresMariasIds., Hr. A. Forrer[C.]. ©. 59) & yg. (Sc. 24; W. Mexico. V. 187; C. 85). 3. Ancistrodon contortrix. Boa contortrix, Linn, S. N. i. p. 373 (1766). Agkistrodon mokasen, Pal. Beauv. Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, p. 370. Seytale contortrix, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 159 (1802). Cenchris mokeson, Daud. Rept. v. p. 358, pl. lx. figs. 8 & 4 (1802) ; Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 128 (1835). Seytalus cupreus, Rajfin. Amer. Journ. Se. i. 1819, p. 84; Harl, 1. ¢. 30 . 130, Seytale mokeson, Say, Amer. Journ. Se. i. 1819, p. 257. Cenchris marmorata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 562. P Acontias atrofuscus, Troost, Ann. Lye. N. ¥. iii. 1836, p. 181. Trigonocephalus cenchris, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 558, pl. xx, figs. 10 & 11 (1837). —— contortrix, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. ii. p. 69, pl. xiv. (1888), and 2ud ed, iii. p, 89, pl. viii, (1842); De Kay, N. Y. Faun. iii. Rept. 10, ANCISTRODON. §23 p. 53, pl. ix. fig. 18 (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1494 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. v. fig. 1 (1874) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xxvii. fig. 2 (1882). , Cenchris contortrix, Gray, Zool. Misceli. p. 50 (1842), and Cat. p. 16 (1849). P Trigonocephalus atrofuscus, Holbr. op. cit. 2nd ed. iii. p. 43, pl. ix. ? Cenchris atrofuscus, Gray, Cat. p. 16. ? Trigonocephalus histrionicus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 534. Agkistrodon contortrix, Baird § Gir. Cat, N. Am. Rept. p. 17 (1853); Hay, Batr. Rept. Ind. p. 123 (1892); Stejneger, Rep. US. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 401, pl. iii. (1895). ? Toxicophis atrofuscus, Badd § Gir. 1. c. p. 150. : Ancistrodon contortrix, Baird, Serp. N.Y. p. 13, pl. i. fig. 3 (1854) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 120, pl. viii. fig. 1 (1883); Cope, Pree. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 683. P Ancistrodon atrofuscus, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 34 (1875). Snout rounded or truncate, not turned up, flat above, with sharp canthus. Rostral once and one fourth to once and a half as broad as deep; a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals ; frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, usually longer than the parietals; loreal present, usually separating the upper preocular from the posterior nasal; two or three postoculars and one to three suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; 8 (rarely 9) upper labials, second usually forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Scales strongly keeled, in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 145-155; anal entire ; subcaudals 31— 52, anterior single, posterior divided. Yellowish, pinkish, or pale reddish brown above, with dark brown, reddish-brown, or brick-red cross-bars contracting in the middle; these bars sometimes broken up on the vertebral line and forming alternating triangles; a dark temporal streak sometimes present; yellowish or reddish beneath, more or less profusely speckled with grey or brown and with a lateral series of large blackish spots. Total length 990 millim. ; tail 110. North America, from Massachusetts and Kansas to Northern Florida and Texas, a. 2 (V. 158; C. 46). Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Christiania Mus. b. fg (V. 155; C. 39). New Harmony, H. Hanauer, Esq. Indiana. PP. ec. 2 (V. 152; C. 39). Kansas. d. 2 (V. 147; C. 45). Arkansas. Smithsonian Institu- tion. © (V. 151; C. 48). Louisiana. 2 (V. 146; C. 42). Fort Worth, Texas. H. Hanauer, Esq. [P.]. é. gs g. d (V. 145; C. P). Texas. h-i,k. d (V. 151,158; N. America. Zoological Society. C. 49, 47) & Q@ (V.150; C. 46). 524 VIPERID&. 4. Ancistrodon acutus. Halys acutus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) i. 1888, p. 171, pl. xii., and in Pratt, Snows of Tibet, p, 242 (1892). Snout produced into a pointed dermal appendage directed for- wards, covered above by the internasals, beneath by a separate shield above the rostral, which is as deep as broad or deeper than broad; upper head-shields finely granulate ; frontal as long as or a little longer than the prefrontals, shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal ; one postocular and one subocular, separating the eye from the labials ; seven upper labials, second forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third and fourth largest; three large lower tempo- rals, anterior largest. Scales strongly and tubercularly keeled, in 21 rows. Ventrals 162-166; anal entire; subcaudals 538-60, mostly in pairs, 6 to 13 of the anterior single. Brown above, with blackish-brown X-shaped markings or alternating >-shaped ones ; head dark brown above, yellow on the sides, with a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; yellowish beneath, spotted with dark brown and with a lateral series of large black blotches. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 200, Upper Yang-tse, China. a-c. gd (V. 165, 166, Mountains North of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. 162; C. 59, 60, 58). Kiu Kiang. (Types. d. 3 (V. 163; C. 58). Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.]. 5. Ancistrodon halys. Coluber halys, Pall. Reise, iii. p. 703 (1776). Vipera halys, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 49 (1811). Trigonocephalus halys, Licht. in Eversm. Reise Orenb, Buch. p. 147 (i823) ; Eichw. Zool, Spec. iii. p. 170 (1831), and Faun. Casp.- Cauc. p. 128, pl. xix. (1841); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1495 (1854) ; Strauch, Schl, Russ. R. p. 231 (1878); Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1874) ; Schret. Herp. Eur. . 182, fig. (1875) ; De Betta, tti Ist. Ven. (5) vi. 1880, p. 388 ; Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp. Geb. p. 74 (1886). —— caraganus, Lichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 170. Halys pallasii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 392 (1864); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 480 (1876). Snout obtusely pointed, slightly turned up at the end, with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or slightly broader than deep ; a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; one or two postoculars and a subocular ; loreal pit separated from the labials; three large temporals, anterior largest; 7 or.8 upper labials, third entering the eye. Scales sharply keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 149-174; anal entire; sub- caudals 31-44 pairs, Yellowish, greyish, reddish, or pale brown 10. ANCISTRODON. 525 above, with darker spots or cross-bars- with serrated edges ; one or two lateral series of dark spots; a dark spot on the snout, a pair of spots on the vertex, and two pairs of oblique streaks on the back of the head; a dark, light-edged band on the temple ; lips speckled with brown; lower parts whitish, more or less speckled with grey or brown. Total length 490 millim. ; tail 65, From the borders of the Caspian Sea and the Ural River to the Upper Yenisei. a, 3 (V. 155; C. 37). Mangyschlak. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. b. 2 (V. 160; C. 38). Anan, Mazandaran, W. T. Blanford, Esq. Elburz Mts. (E.]. ce. fo (V.154; C. 40). Ai Dara, Transcaspia. M. Eylandt [C.]. d. 3 (V. 151; C. 38). Varnoe, E. Turkestan. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. 6. Ancistrodon intermedius. Trigonocephalus blomhoffii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 552 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 88 (1838). —— intermedius, Strauch, Trans, Assoc. Russ. Nat. i. Zool. (Russian), p. 295 (1868), Schl. Russ. R. p. 246 (1873), and Voy. Przewalski, Rept. p. 52 (1876). Halys intermedia, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 736. Ancistrodon intermedius, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 140. Agrees in most respects with A. halys, but the snout is not at all turned up at the end, as in A. blomhoffii. Total length 750 millim.; tail 85. Central Asia, Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, and Japan. a. Hgr. (V. 161; C. 49). Kunges, R. Ili, E. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.}. Turkestan. b. 2 (V. 166; C. 45). Smeinogorsk,Gov. Dr. O. Finsch [C.]. Tomsk. e-d. g (V. 155,156; C. ‘Chabarowka, Hr. Dorries [C.]. 40, 40). Ussuri R. e. 9 (V. 158; C. 39). Ussuri R. - Warsaw Mus. [E.]. J-g. Hgr. (V. 157,164; Tarim R. near St. George Littledale, C. 42, 44). Lob Nor. Esq. [P.]. - 7. Ancistrodon blomhoffii. Trigonocephalus blomhoffii, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 214; Gray, Cat. p. 14 (1849); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1496 (1854); Strauch, Schi. Russ. R. p. 251 (1873), and Voy. Previa tots Rept. p. 52 (1876). blomhoffii, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 552, pl. xx. figs. 8 & 9 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Amph. p. 88, pl. vi. (1838). atfinis, Gray, 1. c. Ta ee var. megaspilus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 336. Halys blomhoffii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 393 (1864). Serie yas blomhoffii, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, - p. 140, 526 VIPERID2Z. Closely allied to A. halys, with which it agrees in most respects, but snout not turned up at the end, and scales more strongly keeled, in 21 (exceptionally 23,—specs. h, s) rows. Upper labials con- stantly 7. Ventrals 137-166 ; subcaudals 29-55, Coloration very variable. Grey, brown, or red above, with large dark-edged spots disposed in pairs, opposite or alternating, or more or less regular dark cross-bands; a dark, light-edged temporal band; upper lip uniform yellowish or red; belly yellowish or red, more or less pro- fusely speckled or spotted with blackish, or nearly entirely black. Total length 720 millim.; tail 100. Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Siam. a go (V. 140; C. 48). Japan. Leyden Museum. b-c. 2 (V. 145; C.47) Yokohama, H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’ & her. d (V. 142; C. 55). d. 2 (V. 142; C. 48). Okinawa, Loo Choo Mr. M. K. Rokugo . Islands. Pt e-f,g. d (V.146; C. Tsu Sima, Loo Choo Mr. Holst [C.].. 46), hgr. (V.138; Islands, 145; C. 45). | an 3 (V. 151,146; Formosa, R.Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. . 40, 46). k-n. 2 (V. 142,144; Hoi How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. O. ?, 32) & V [P.]. o-p. 3 (V. 144,144; Hang-Chau, Prov. Che- J. J. Walker, Esq. i P ©, 41, 35). Kiang. [P:}. gq. 2 (V. 140; C. 30). Ichang. A. Henry, Esq. [P.]. r. do (V. 143; C. 38). Ichang. R. Swinhoe, Esq,{C. }, s. 9 (V. 145; C. 31). Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C. }. t-u. 2 (V. 142, 188; Mountains N. of Kiu A.E.Pratt, Esq. (CO. C. 32, 29). Kiang. v-w. 9 (V. 188; C. Mountains N. of Kiu CO. Maries, Esq. [C.]. 32) & yg. (V. 148; Kiang. C. 31). z. d (V. 187; 0.46). ——P Sir E. Belcher [P.]. (Type of 7. affinis.) 8. Ancistrodon himalayanus. Halys himalayanus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 398, pl. xxiv. fig. A (1864) ; Steindachn. Novara, Rept. p. 87 (1867) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p, 226; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 196, and 1872, p. 401; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. yl. xvi. (1874); Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 225 (1876); Blanf. Zool. 2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 24 (1878). Trigonocephalus himalayanus, Strauch, Schl. Russ, R. p. 234 (1878). sya). offii (non Boie), Jan, Icon, Gén, 46, pl. y. figs. 4 & 5 sr himalayanus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 424, fig. ). Snout hardly turned up, with sharp canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, or a little broader than deep; a pair of internasals 10. ANCISTRODON, 527 and a pair of prefrontals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; two postoculars, upper small, lower descending to below the eye, which it sometimes entirely separates from the labials; 5 to 7 upper labials, none entering the loreal pit, the penultimate and last very large, formed by fusion with the lower temporals. Scales sharply keeled, in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals 144-166; anal entire; subcaudals 35-51 pairs. Brown with black spots or transverse bands; sometimes with a light ver- tebral band with dark festooned borders; a black, light-edged band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts dark brown, or variegated with black and white. Total length 590 millim. ; tail 90. Himalayas, 5000 to 10,000 feet ; Khasi hills. a. 3 (V. 162; C. 43). Garwal, W. Himalayas, Dr. Cantor. b. do (V. 166; C. 50). Garwal, W. Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schla- gintweit [C.]. c-l. g (V. 158, 153, Himalayas. T.C. Jerdon, Esq. 144; C. 44, 47, 47), [P.]. 2 (V. 157; C. 35), & yg. (V. 158, 153, 159, 160, 155; C. 40, 46, 39, 40, 47). | m-0. (V. 153; C. Khasi hills. T. C. Jerdon,Esq.[P.], 47), 2 (V. 158; C. 36), & hgr. (V. 159; C. 39). (‘sedA yy) 9. Ancistrodon rhodostoma. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxi. (1801). Trigonocephalus rhodostoma, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 561; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 547, pl. xx. figs. 1- 3 (1837), and ‘Abbi. P. 140, pl. xlix. (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 15 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1874). Leiolepis rhodostoma, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1500 (1854). Tisiphone rhodostoma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 673. Calloselasma rhodostoma, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 391 (1864). 3 Ancistrodon rhodostoma, Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Wat. 1892, p. 135. Snout pointed, somewhat turned up at the end. Rostral as deep as broad, or a little deeper than broad; a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals; frontal as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; upper preocular separated from the posterior nasal by a loreal; one or two postoculars and one subocular, separating the eye from the labials; loreal pit separated from the labials ; 7 to 9 upper labials. Scales smooth,in 21 rows. Ventrals 138-157; anal entire; subcaudals 34-54 pairs. Reddish, greyish, or pale brown above, with large angular, dark brown, black-edged spots disposed in opposite pairs or alternating; a dark brown ver- tebral line ; lips yellowish or pink, powdered with brown; a broad dark brown, black-edged band, festooned below, from the eye to the 528 VIPERID2. angle of the mouth, with a light band above it; yellowish beneath, uniform or powdered or spotted with greyish brown. Total length 810 millim.; tail 90. Java. | a. Hgr. d (V.148;C. Java. _ Leyden Museum. 51). b-c. i (V. 145; C.46) Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.]. & her. 2 (V. 148; C. yo d. 2 (V. 156; C. 36). Java. e-g. d (V. 148; C. 50) Batavia. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. Q (V. 154, 157; [P.]. 34, 37 5000 ft. & CO. 37). h. 3 (V. 149; C. 48). Willis Mts., Kediri, Java, Baron v. Huegel(C.]. 3 (V. 148; C. 50). Siam (?). 10. Ancistrodon hypnale. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxii. (1801). ? Coluber nepa, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 97 (1768). Cophias st eta Merr. Tent. p. 155 (1820), Trigonocephalus hypnale, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 550, pl. xx. figs. 6 & 7 (1887); Gray, Cat. p. 15 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1498 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. v. figs. 2 & 3 (1874). Trimesurus ceylonensis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 48 (1842), Trigonocephalus halys, Gray, Cat. p. 14. zara, Gray, l. c. p. 15. Hypnale nepa, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 335; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 894 (1864) ; Fayrer, Thanatoph. Ind. pl. xvii. (1874) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 226 (1876). affinis, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng, xl. 1871, p. 20. Ancistrodon hypnale, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 424 (1890). Snout more or less turned up at the end, with sharp canthus, Rostral as deep as broad, or deeper than broad; upper surface of snout covered with small shields, which are often irregular and scale-like; one or two postoculars and one or two sub- oculars; 7 or 8 upper labials, second entering the loreal pit, none entering the eye. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 125-155; anal entire; subcaudals 28-45 pairs. Coloration very variable; upper parts brown, yellowish, or greyish, uniform or with blackish-brown alternating spots or cross-bands, frequently with small deep-black spots disposed in pairs; sides of head usually dark brown, edged above with a fine whitish line; sometimes a white, black-edged, longitudinal streak on each side of the neck; belly more or less closely powdered with dark brown. Total length 480 millim.; tail 65. Ceylon, and Western Ghats of India as far north as Bombay. a. 3 (V. 149; C. 48), Ceylon, Sir J. Banks [P.}. b. 2 (V. 152; C. 36). Ceylon, R. aaa [P.}. aye 7. (V. 144, 149; Ceylon. Capt. Gascoigne [P.]. . 36, 38). ef. 5 (V. 125; C.? Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. & 2(V.128; ©. 28). g, h. 2 (V. 150, 141; Ceylon. " C. 80, 36). t-m, n-o. 3 (V. 140; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 46) & 2 (V. 187, | 138, 136; C.35,37,?), her. (V. 141; C. 87), & yg.(V. 139; C. 44). p. & (V. 140; C. 48). Belgaum. Dr. Leith eae g. 3d (V. 144; C. 45). —-? (Type of 7. zara. ae rst. 3 (V. 149, 148; OC. ?, 45) & 9 (V. 148; C. 39). 11. LAcHEsIs. 11. LACHESIS. 529 Crotalus, part., Zinn. S. N.i. p. 372 (1766); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii- p. 555 (1887). Scytale, part., Latr. Hist. Rept. iii. p. 158 (1802); Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 834 (1808). Lachesis, Daud. t. c. Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 50 (1842); and Cat. Sn. p. Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 1483 (1854) ; Peters, 1862, p. 678; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 124 (1863). Trimeresurus, part., Lacép. Ann. du Mus. iv. 1804, p. 209. Trigonocephalus, Oppel, Ordn, Rept. p. 50 (1811); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 672. Cophias, part., Merr. Tent. Syst.. Amph. p. 154 (1820). Craspedocephalus, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p. 472; Gray, Ann. Philos. 1825, p. 205; Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 34 (1826) ; Gray, Cat. p. 4. Bothrops, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 174; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 47 ; Jan, l.c. p. 125. p. 349; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 175 (1830) ; 18 (1849) ; on. Berl. Ac. . 50 (1824), and Syst. Amph. m. § Bibr. t.c. p. 1502 ; Megera, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 174; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 49, and at. p. 11; Peters, l.c. p. 671. _Atropos (non Oken), Wagl. l.c. p. 175; Gra Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1517 ; Peters, l. c.; Jan, 1. c. p. Tropidolemus, Wagl. l.c.; Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 1528; Peters, l. c. ; Jan, l. ¢. y, U.cc. pp. 49, 12; 127. Trigonocephalus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 527 (1837). Trimesurus, Gray, ll. cc. pp. 48, 7; Peters, 1. ¢. Parias, Gray, Cat. p. 11. Bothriechis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 278; Cope, Proc. Ac. ~ Philad. 1860, p. 345, and 1871, p. 207. Teloursepy, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 338, 1860, p. 345, and 1871, p. 206. Oy olay oie, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 340. Thamnocenchris, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 459. Bothriopsis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 359; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 208. Trimeresurus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 384 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 425 (1890). Peltopelor, Ginth. 1. c. p. 890. VoL, III. 2M 580 VIPERID. Porthidium, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 207. Atropophis, Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1871, p. 41. Rhinocerophis, Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. viii. 1881, p, 85. Ophryacus, Cope, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 88. anatophis, Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 843. Upper surface of head covered with scales or small shields. Body cylindrical or compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, with or without apical pits. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals single or in two rows. South-eastern Asia ; Central and South America. Synopsis of the Species. I, American species, with non-prehensile tail. A. Subcaudals all or greater part in two rows. 1. Posterior subcaudals replaced by small scales; upper head- scales granular, smooth or obtusely keeled; supraocular shield narrow; scales tubercularly keeled, in 35 or 37 rows ; ventrals 200-230; subcaudals 32-50. 1. mutus; p. 534, 2. No small scales under the tail; upper head-scales imbricate or subimbricate ; supraocular large. a. Scales on the vertex and occiput more or less strongly keeled ; dorsal scales strongly keeled. a. Second upper labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. * Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity ; scales in 23-33 rows; ventrals 180- 240 ; subcaudals 46-70. 2. lanceolatus, p. 535. ** Keels on the dorsal scales much shorter than the scales. Scales in 25-29 rows; ventrals 161- 216; subcaudals 47-73 .......... 3. atrow, p. 537. Scales in 21-23 rows; ventrals 156- 172; subcaudals 58-64 .......... 4, pulcher, p. 539. *** Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity; scales in 21-23 rows; ventrals 157- 172; subcaudals 40-74. 6. pictus, p. 540. B. Loreal pit separated from the labials. ° * Keels on the dorsal scales much shorter than the scales; scales in 23 rows; ventrals 159-161; subcaudals 52-55 .... 5. microphthalmus, [p. 540. 11. LacHzsts. 581 ** Keels on the dorsal scales extending nearly to the extremity. Scales in 29-35 rows; ventrals 167- 188 ; subcaudals 31-51............ 7. alternatus, p. 541. Scales in 21-27 rows; ventrals 168- 182; subcaudals 41-53............ 8. neuwiedit, p. 542. Scales in 23-25 rows; ventrals 149-— 160; subcaudals 30-38............ 9. ammodytoides, p. 543. b. Upper head-scales all smooth ; dorsal scales not strongly keeled ; scales in 27 rows; ventrals 196; subcaudals ET aeacg so child Pak ps 10. xanthogrammus, [p. 543. B. Subcaudals all or greater part single. 1. Second upper labial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit; scales in 25-27 rows; ventrals 230-253 ; subcaudals F2=Saa ee 8 AP EU 11. castelnaudi, p. 544. 2. Loreal pit separated from the labials. a. Supraocular narrow, separated from its fellow by 7-10 series of scales; scales in 23-27 rows; ventrals 121- 134; subcaudals 26-36 .... 12. nummifer, p. 544. b. Supraocular large, separated from its fellow by 5-7 series of scales. Snout not turned up; rostral not deeper than broad; scales in 21 rows; ven- trals 135-142; subcaudals 22-34 .. 13. godmani, p. 545. Snout turned up at the end ; rostral once and one third to once and a half as long as broad ; scales in 25-27 rows; ventrals 152-159 ; subcaudals 29--35. 14. lansbergiz, p. 546. Snout much produced above at the end; rostral once and two thirds to twice as deep as broad; scales in 23-25 rows; ventrals 132-150; subcaudals 27-38 . 15. brachystoma, p. 547. II. Asiatic species; subcaudals in two rows. A. Scales between the eyes smooth or obtusely keeled; gular scales smooth ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial. 1. Scales in 21-25 (rarely 27) rows; ventrals 129-158; sub- caudals 21-57 ; 5 to 9 series of scales between the supra- oculars ; tail not prehensile. Supraoculars large, separated by 5 to 8 series of scales; scales smooth or feebly keeled; canthus rostralis Onassis Te ira te take 16. monticola, p. 548, 22 532 VIPERID. Supraoculars large, separated by 6 to 9 series of scales ; scales strongly keeled ; canthus rostralis sharp and raised.... 17. okinavensis, p. 549. Supraoculars small, sometimes broken up, separated by 8 to 11 series of jux- taposed, convex scales; scales feebly Wbeled oc ou cobs cn eass bob 6s cbeAe 18. strigatus, p. 549, 2. Scales in 27-37 rows, feebly keeled ; ventrals 174-231 ; subcaudals 54-90; tail not prehensile. Scales in 33-37 rows; ventrals 222- 231; subcaudals 75-90 ; 8 or 9 upper Ipbiale 2c... cc seis clan eens peas 19. flavoviridis, p. 550. Scales in 27-31 rows ; ventrals 174-184; subcaudals 55-76 ; 13 upper labials . 20. cantoris, p. 551. 3. Scales in 21-27 rows, strongly keeled ; ventrals 160-218; subcaudals 54-92 ; tail not or but slightly prehensile, a. 7 to 9 series of scales between the supraoculars ; scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 164-188 ; subcaudals 54-67. 21. jerdonii, p. 551. b. 10 to 15 series of scales between the supraoculars ; scales in 23-27 rows. , Ventrals 183-218; subcaudals 72-92 .. 22. mucrosquamatus, Ventrals 182-186; subcaudals 72-74 ; [p. 552. supraocular large .........-00e00. 23. luteus, p. 553. Ventrals 160-182; subcaudals 55-76; supraocular very narrow, sometimes [p. 553. brokedl Up: s<.50:. 217, pl. i. (1853) Dum. § Bibr. vii. . 1475, pl. Ixxxiv. b. fg. (1854) ; Baird, . OS. . Surv. he R. x., Rept. p. 40 (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac, Philud. 1859, p. 837 ; Garm, N, Am. Rept. p. 114 (1883); Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 5, p. 111 (1891); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 691 ; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 440 (1895). oregonus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp., 2nd ed. iii, p. 21, pl. iii. (1842) ; Garm. N. Am, t. p. 178, lucifer, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1852, p. 177, and Cat. p. 6; Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Heaps . 187, pl. xv. figs. 1-6 (1858) ; Baird, Rep. U.S, Expl, Surv. R. R x., Williamson's Rep. . 10, pl. xi. (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 837; Lord, Watur. Vane. Isl. ii, p. 803 (1866); Garm. 1. c. p. 114; Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 5, p. 111, and Rep. U.S, Nat. es J. 1893, p. 445. — lecontei, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad, 1852, p. 180, and Rep. U.S, Surv. R. R. x., Williamson’s Rep. p. 18, pl. iti. (1859). atrox, Baird & Gir. Cat. pp. 5 & 156; Batrd, Rep, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv., ii. Rept. p. 14, pl. i, (1859); Stejneger, Rep. U.S, Nat. Mus. f. 1898, p. 436. adamanteus, var. atrox, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 158, and Icon. Gén. 46, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1874); Garm., 1. ¢. p. 118; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 690. — ee var. confluentus, Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, Cadieonn atrox, var. sonorensis, Kennicott, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p- 206. ' Crotalus durissus (non L.), Wied, N. Acta Ac, Leop.-Carol, xxxii. i. 1865, no. 8, p. 65. Caudisona Soph dia: Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309, —— lucifer, Cope, 1. c. —— atrox, Cope, l. c. Crotalus confluentus ter ie. Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1883, p. 11, and Proc, US, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 691, exsul, Garm, l. c. p. 114. —— adamenteus ruber, Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 690 * I have not been able to refer to this work. a ~ 13, CROTALUS. 577 Snout with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad or a little deeper than broad, in contact with the anterior nasal ; upper head- scales small, striated ; ; supraoculars transversely striated, as broad . as or slightly narrower than the space between them, which is filled by 3 to 10 longitudinal series of scales ; each supraocular in con- tact with 6 to 11 scales in addition to the pre- and postoculars ; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 18 upper labials. Scales striated and strongly keeled, in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 168-197; anal entire ; subcaudals 17-34. Yellowish, greyish, or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of large brown or red spots, usually edged with darker and lighter and commonly rhomboidal or transversely elliptic in shape; a light streak or triangular marking across the supraocular shield; a more or less distinct dark, light-edged streak from the eye to the mouth ;- yellowish beneath, uniform or spotted with brown. This species may be divided into two principal varieties, which are not definable by any structural characters that I know of, viz. :—the typical form, with a dark temporal band extending to the commissure of the mouth; and the Texan C. atrox, in which a dark band descends obliquely from the eye to the mouth far in advance of the commissure. Total length 1520 millim.; tail 140. Western North America, from British Columbia to South California, eastwards to Assiniboia, Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Western and Southern Texas; Northern Mexico. a. 2 Pei 25; V. 183; Duval Co., Texas, W. Taylor, Esq. [P.]. "6.2 b. a skin (Se..27; Texas. Smithsonian Instit. V. 185 ; C. 25). C. é Neg 27 ; V.187; Nebraska. Smithsonian Instit. d, e ey 3 (Sc. 25; V. Brit. Columbia. J. K. Lord, Esq. [P. ]. 175; C. {yao (Se. 25, 25 ; V. 183, 175; C. 17, 17). g.3 (Se. 25; V.173; Coronado Ids., off San Prof. Eigenmann C. 22), Diego, California. E.}. h. é ire. 25; V.181; California, Christiania Mus. 1. Her. (Se. 25; V. California. Lord Walsingham 176; C. 18). 1 k. 8 Le 27; V.174; California. Haslar Collection. . 26 ‘lm o (Se. 25; V. W.Coastof N. America. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. n-0o. 2 (Sc. 27; V. N. America. 190; C. 22) & yg. (Se. 27; V.172; 0.25). p 6 Ayes 25; V. 182; ——? Zoological Society.. VoL, III. 2p 578 VIPERID&. 4. Crotalus durissus. Linn. Amen, Acad. i, p. 500 (1749). . Crotalus durissus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 372 (1766); Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 333, pl. Lxxxix. (1802). —- adamanteus, Pal. de Beauv. Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, p. 368, pl. —; Say, Amer. Journ. Sc. i. 1819, p. 263 ; Ae # ‘Am. Hi 77, pl. xvi. (1838), and ond ed rp: A OE (1842) ; and &§ Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 3 (1853), a Rep. U.S. Sure. R. R., x. Rept. pl. xxiv. fig. 9 (1859) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1874) ; * Gati. N. Am. Rept. p. 112 (1883) ; Opes Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. = 1892, p. 689; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus, f. 1893, p. 483, x. (1895). rhombifer, Latr. ot iii. & 197 (1802); Daud. Rept. v. thee gs Ix. figs. 22 & 23, pl Ixix fig. 5 1808) ; Dum. § tbr. vii. p. 1470, pl. lxxxiv. b. fig. 3 (1854). —~- horridus, part., Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 133 (1835). terrificus (non ’Laur.), Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1858, p. 419; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p- 337, Caudisona adamantea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Canthus rostralis obtuse. Rostral deeper than broad, in contact with the anterior nasal; upper surface of snout covered with scales or small irregular shields; 7 or 8 longitudinal series of scales between the supraoculars, the width of which is much less than the interspace between them; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 25-29 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 169-181; anal entire ; subcaudals 24-32. Pale greyish or brownish above, with a dorsal series of large blackish rhombs, usually with lighter centres, edged with yellowish; snout blackish, with a yellowish cross-line between the eyes, yellowish margins to the rostral shields, and a yellowish vertical streak between the rostral and the nostril, on the anterior nasal and first upper labial; a broad blackish band, edged with yellowish aboye and beneath, extends from the supravcular, over the eye, to the four or five last upper labials ; end of tail usually black ; yellowish beneath, more or less spotted with brown or black. The largest species of the genus, reaching a length of 8 feet. South-eastern United States from North Carolina to the Florida Keys and the Mississippi River. a. ea 29; V.181; Orlando, Florida. : db. a 0) 29; V 171; United States, Smithsonian Institution. « § N. America. 5. Crotalus horridus. Cateshy, Nat. Hist. Carol. i. pl. xli. (1748). Crotalus horridus, Linn, Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 39 (1754), ert b oe 872 (1766) ; Leconte, Proe. Ac, Philad. 1858, p. 417 ; ; red: Ae. Philad, 1859, p. 388; Garm. N. Am. Pept. >. 14S 13. CROTALUS. 579 pl. ix. fig. 1 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 693 ; Hay, Batr. Rept. Ind. p. 128 (1893) ; Stejneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 426, pl. ix. (1895). . : COrotalophorus horridus, Houtt. Linn. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 8309 (1764). ‘Caudisona durissus (non L.), Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 93 (1768). re boiquira, part., Lacép. Serp. ii. pp. 180, 190, pl. xviii. fig. 1 ). a tae Pal. de Beauv. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. iv. 1799, P- ) Pte —s durissus, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 190 (1802) ; Daud. Rept. v. p. 304, L. Ixviii. (1803); Harl. Proc. Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p.368, and Med. hys. Res. p. 132 (1835); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 565, pl. xx. figs. 15 & 16 (1837); Storer, Rep. Rept. Massach. p. 233 (1859) ; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. ii. a 81, pl. xvii. (1838), and 2nd ed. iii. p. 9, pl. i. (1842); De Kay, N. York Faun. iii. p. 55, pl. ix. g. 19 (1842); Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 1 (1853); Baird, Serp. N. York. p. 9, pl. i. fig. 1 (1854) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1465, pl. lxxxiv. 0. fig. 1 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. i. (1874). atricaudatus, Latr. t. c. p. 209; Daud, t. c. p. 316. Crotalinus cyanurus, Rafin. Amer. Monthly Mag. iii. 1818, p. 446 *. Caudisona horrida, Flem. Philos. Zool. ii. p. 294 (1822) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Uropsophus durissus, Gray, Cat. p. 19 (1849). Crotalus horridus, part., Gray, 1. e. p. 20. Snout with obtuse canthus. Rostral as deep as broad, in contact ‘with the anterior nasals and a pair of rather large internasals; a large shield between the internasal and supraocular; middle of snout with scales or small shields; supraoculars considerably narrower than the space between them, which is covered by 3 to 8 longitudinal series of small scales; three or four series of scales between the eye and the labials; 12 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 23-29 rows, dorsals very strongly keeled. Ventrals 165-178 ; anal entire; subcaudals 19-29. Greyish brown above, usually with a rusty vertebral stripe and V- or M-shaped blackish cross- bands ; head uniform above, with a more or less distinct dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; usually a pair of roundish or triangular dark spots on the nape; neck with elongate spots or interrupted stripes; yellowish beneath, uniform or speckled or spotted with blackish ; end of tail blackish. Total length 1340 millim.; tail 135. United States, from Massachusetts and Iowa to Northern Florida and Texas. a. 3 (Sc. 25; V. 178; New Orleans. G. 29). b. Yg. (Se.25;V.170; Texas. C . 24). e. Yg. (Se. 25; V.177; Arkansas. C. 21). : d. Q@ (Se. 29; V.176; N. America. Sir H. Sloane [P. |}. C. 24). * T have not been able to verify this reference. 272 580 VIPERIDE. e. d (Sc. 23; V. 167; N. America. College of Surgeons.. ig (Se. 25; V.173; N. America. g. 8 N, America. 6. Crotalus tigris. Crotalus tigris, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Rept. 14, pl. iv. ay. (1859) Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 117 (1883); Cope, ay pu Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, pee Sterneger, IN. Am. Faun. no. 7, p. 214 (1893), and Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 449 (1895). Caudisona enyo, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 293, and 1866, 309. soe tigris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. Crotalus enyo, Cope, Check-list N. Am. Rept. p. 38 Siege Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689. —— oregonus, var. enyo, Garm. U. ¢. p- 174. Snout with distinct canthus. Rostral broader than deep, in contact with the anterior nasal and a pair of internasals; a ara shield on each side between the internasal and the supraocular; middle of snout covered with small smooth or obtusely keeled scales ; supraoculars narrower than the space between them, which is occupied by six longitudinal rows of keeled scales; three series of scales between the eye and the labials; 13 to 15 upper labials. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 166— 181; anal entire; subcaudals 26-46. Yellowish or pale brown above, with a dorsal series of brown, dark-edged spots, widening to cross-bands posteriorly ; sides with smaller dark spots; head with small dark spots and a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; yellowish beneath, scantily spotted with brown. Total length 380 millim.; tail 50. Southern California, Lower California, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, Northern Mexico. a. pL oh ee 25; V. 181; Ventanas, Durango. Hr. A. Forrer [C.]. . 46). 7. Crotalus mitchelli. Caudisona mitchellii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 293, and 1866, . 810. : yrrha, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1866, rP. 808. ae lag mitchellii, Cope, Wheeler’s Rep. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. ° 535 (1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Van iat rgh, Proc, Cal, Acad, (2) iv. 1894, p. 450; Stejneger, Rep. US. Vat. Mus. f. 1893, rp. 454, pl. xvii. (1895). pyrrhus, Cope, Wheeler's Rep. p . 585, pl. ar and Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Biefeigen W. Amer. Scient. vii. 1891, p. 165, — confluentus, var. pyrrhus, Garm. N. Am, Rept. p. 178 (1883). —— oregonensis, yar. mitchellii, Garm, 1. ¢, 13. CROTALUS. 581 Snout without canthus. Rostral broader than deep, separated from the anterior nasal by scales ; upper head-scales small, striated ; supraoculars striated ; three series of scales between the eye and the labials; 14 to 16 upper labials. Scales in 25 rows, striated, - dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 178-198; anal entire; sub- caudals 24-26. Greyish yellow to salmon-red above, finely punctulated with brown, with a dorsal series of transverse darker spots ; yellowish beneath. Total length 1020 millim.; tail 90. | Desert Regions of Southern California, Lower California, and Arizona. 8. Crotalus triseriatus. Uropsophus triseriatus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 176 (1830). Crotalus lugubris, part., Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 156, and Prodr, pl. E (1859). intermedius, T’rosch. in Miill. Reise Mexico, iii. p. 613 (1865) ; Fischer, Abh, Nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. 1882, p. 230, pl. xiv. figs. 1-4. Candids triseriata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309. lugubris, Dugés, Naturaleza, iv. 1876, p. 25. triseriatus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 179, and Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689. —— omiltemanus, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 192, pl. lviii. fig C (1895). —— pallidus, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 193, pl. lix. fig. B. Canthus rostralis distinct. Rostral as deep as broad, well visible from above, in contact with the anterior nasals and a pair of inter- nasals ; internasal separated from the supraocular by a large shield ; one to five small smooth shields on the middle of the snout; supra- oculars as broad as the space between them, which is occupied by three to five longitudinal series of scales ; one or two series of scales between the eye and the labials; 9 to 13 upper labials. Scales in 21 to 25 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 142-184; anal entire ; subcaudals 22-30. Olive or brown above, with a vertebral series of rather small dark brown spots with a fine black-and-light edge ; sides with two or three series of smaller spots ; upper surface of head with or without small dark spots; a dark, light-edged band from the eye to the angle of the mouth or beyond; yellowish beneath, spotted or speckled with dark brown, or dark grey-brown _ powdered with whitish. Spec. ¢ pale brown above, with mere traces of darker markings, yellowish beneath. Total length 530 millim.; tail 55. Mexico. a. 2, head andneckand La Cumbre delos Arras- Dr. A. C. Buller[C.], tail (Sc. 25 ; C. 25). trados, Jalisco, 8500 ft. b. Yg. (Sc. 28; V.149; La Laguna, Juanacatlan, Dr. A. C. Buller[C.]. ©, 24). Jalisco. . ec 3 (Se. 25; V. 149; City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman Sneek C. 29). (Type of C. pallidus.) 582 VIPERID 2. — (Se. 23; V.147; Orizaba, Vera Cruz. . 24). ef. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 184; Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smitk C. 19) & yg. (Se. 21; [C.j; F. D. God- V. 177; C. 24). man, Esq. [P.]. (Types of C. omii «3.) g. 2 (Sc. 23; V. 142; 8S. Mexico. PP: Godman, Esq- C. 80). ]. h. Yg. (Sc. 21; V.150; Mexico. M. Salis [C.]. C. 25). 9. Crotalus polystictus. Crotalus lugubris, part., Jan, Rev. § Mag. Zool. 1859, p eer ; 91, and 1866, Caudisona polysticta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. Coptalen Tad var. multimaculata, Jan, Icon. Gén. 46, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1874). —— jimenezii, Duges, Naturaleza, iv. 1876, p. 23, pl. i. figs. 18-20. —— polystictus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 179; Dugés, Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p.134; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 192 (1895), Closely allied to C. triseriatus, but four internasals, 14 or 15 upper labials, and scales in 27 to 30 rows. Ventrals 123-151 ; subcaudals 18-23. Elegantly marked with six or seven longi- tudinal series of alternating elongate dark brown, black-and-white edged spots separated by narrow interspaces of the yellowish-brown ground-colour ; a pair of diverging dark bands on the top of the head, divided by a light line across the supraocular shields, an oblique dark band below the eye and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth; these dark bands separated by narrow pinkish- white streaks; pinkish or yellowish beneath, spotted with dark brown. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 60. Tableland of Mexico, 10. Crotalus lepidus. Caudisona lepida, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 206. Aploaspis lepida, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 310. Crotalus lepidus, Cope, Proce, Ac, Philad. 1883, p. 13; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 117 (1883); Cope; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, Pot Steyneger, Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 452, pl. xvi- -—— palmeri, Garm, Bull. Essex Inst. xix. 1887, p. 124. Canthus rostralis obtuse. Rostral broader than deep, in contact with the nasal, which is semidivided ; upper surface of snout with eight small smooth shields; supraoculars as broad as the space between them, which is occupied by three series of scales ; upper preocular divided vertically ; two series of scales between the eye and the labials ; 12 upper labials. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals strongly keeled. Ventrals 153-169 ; anal entire; subcaudals 24-31. Brown or greenish grey above, with distant dark brown or jet-black 13. cROTALUS. 583 light-edged cross-bands narrowing on the sides; two dark spots or a V- or heart-shaped black marking on the nape; a dark streak behind the eye present or absent ; beneath dirty white spotted with brown. : In C. palmeri, Garm., which appears to be based on a colour variation of this species, the markings are much effaced on the body and altogether absent on the head. Total length 350 millim.; tail 60. Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, North Mexico. a. 3 (Sc. 23; V. 169; C.31). Milpas, Durango. Hr. A, Forrer [C.]. 11. Crotalus cerastes. Crotalus cerastes, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 95, and Rep. U.S. Surv. R. R. x., Williamson’s Rep. p. 17, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1859) ; Kennicott, Rep. U.S, Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. Rept. p. 14, pl. iii. (1859) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 337 ; Jan, eon Gén. 46, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1874); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 116 (1883); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 689; Steyneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, p. 216 (1893), and Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus. f. 1893, p. 450, figs. (1895). Caudisona cerastes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 309, and 1867, p. 85. —— (AXchmophrys) cerastes, Cowes, Wheeler's Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 609 (1875). Canthus rostralis rounded. Rostral as broad as deep or a little broader than deep, in contact with the nasal, which is single ; snout and vertex covered with small scales; supraocular produced into:a raised horn-like process; two or three series of scales between the eye and the labials; 11 to 13 upper labials. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, dorsals feebly keeled, each scale along the middle of the back with a central tubercular swelling. Ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 17. Yellowish above, with a dorsal series of rather indistinct brown blotches; a narrow brown streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth. Total length 250 millim. ; tail 20. . Desert regions of Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. —— VOL I. Page 6, Add a species :— 4a. Helminthophis ternetzii. Rostral two fifths the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, forming a broad, straight suture with the frontal, which is about thrice as broad as long; eye scarcely distinguishable through the ocular; two superposed preoculars and a subocular ; four upper labials, first largest, second and third in contact with the lower preocular, third and fourth in contact with the subocular. Diameter of body 52 times in the total length ; tail nearly twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Olive above and beneath; head and anal region yellowish. Total length 335 millim. Paraguay. a, Ad, Paraguay. _ Dr. C. Ternetz [C.]. Add $— Page 15. Typhlops lineatus. Typhlops lineatus, Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. pp. 121 & 125 (1894). Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlvi. 1896, p. 13, distin- guishes a var. sumatranus (an sp. n.?) with 24 series of scales. AAdsee ‘Page 16. Typhlops braminus. Typhlops braminus, Boettg. 1, ¢. p. 122. tt-uu, Ad. Singapore. H.N. Ridley, Esq. [P.}. vv-ww, Ad. pay ; A. Everett, Esq. take Page 17. Add a species :-— 4a. Typhlops diversus. Typhlops diversus, Waite, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, p. 10, pl. i. figs, 46. Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral nearly half the width of the head, extending almost to the level of the eyes ; nasal incom- pletely divided, the fissure extending from the anterior edge of the ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 585 preocular to slightly beyond the nostril; preocular narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye distinct; internasal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 67 times in the total length; tail a third longer than broad, terminating in a very minute spine. 20 scales round the body. Light horn-colour throughout, slightly darker on the dorsal surface. Total length 212 millim. Mowen, Queensland. [ae Page 18. Typhlops beddomii. o-q. Ad. & her. ~ Tinnevelly hills. Col. Beddome [C. ]. ‘Ada + Page 26. Typhlops thurstonii. ec. Her. Nellambur. G. E. Mason, Esq. [P.], Add'ua Page 28. Typhlops reticulatus. g. Ad. | Asuncion, Paraguay. . Dr. J. Bohls [C.}. h. Ad. Charobamba, Bolivia. ‘Add po. Page 31. Typhlops lumbricalis. t-u. Ad. Antigua, W.I. F. Watts, Esq. [P.]. Page 32. Add a species :— 37 a. Typhlops batillus. Typhlops batillus, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, p.9, pl. i. figs. 1-3. Snout prominent, much depressed and shovel-shaped; nostril lateral, close to the rostral. Head-shields granulated above and below; rostral half the width of the head, extending almost to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided, the fissure much curved and extending from the second labial; preocular smaller than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye very distinct ; internasal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than the - scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 53 times in the total length ; tail longer than broad, terminating in a blunt spine. 24 scales round the body. Tawny above, the edges of the scales forming longitudinal lines, lighter beneath. Total length 230 millim. Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Add :— Page 34, Typhlops ligatus. Typhlops ligatus, Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1893, p. 57. 586 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Aad+— Page 34. Typhlops polygrammicus. i ged a “yes Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii. 1893, p. 57, —— riippe i, Waite, 1.0. fig. 6 — ei ygrammicus, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W, (2) ix. 1894, The “desea between 7’. nigrescens and 7. rueppelli are prob- ably sexual. This species reaches a length of 717 millim. Adie Page 36. Typhlops wiedii. Bs sc 9 wiedii, Waite, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) ix. 1894, pl. i- gs. 7-9; Boettg. in Semon, Zool, Forsch, vy. p. 117 (1894). Page 36. Add a species :— 49 a. Typhlops nigricauda. a a nigricauda, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 867, pl. xlix- Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral broad, more than half the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eye distin- guishable ; prefrontal and supraoculars considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 70 to 80 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, yellowish below ; end of snout yellow ; tail black. Total length 315 millim. Northern Australia. a, Ad, Daly River. Dr. ae C.]. Christiania Museum. ne of the types.) Add :— Page 38. ryphlope'c obtusus, d, Ad. Zomba, Brit, C. Africa. Sir H, H. Johnston [P.}. Page 39. Add a species :— 57 a. Typhlops boulengeri. bil pe boulengeri, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. (2) iii, 1893, p. 117, and erp. Angola, p. 64 (1805). Snout very prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral large,. more than half the width of the head, extending to between the f ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 587 eyes, the portion visible from below nearly as long as broad; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; praocular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with — the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; prefrontal and supra- oculars large; four upper labials. Diameter of body 29 or 30 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending ina spine. 28 scales round the body. Pale olive, above with black longitudinal lines running between the scales. Total length 180 millim. Angola. a, Ad. Quindumbo. M. d’Anchieta at Prof. Barboza du ocage [P.]. (One of he types.) Page 40. Add a species :— 61a. Typhlops mandensis. Typhlops mandensis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 725. Apparently nearly related to 7. hallowellii. Snout not hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior, just below the edge. Rostral large; nasal large, semidivided, the cleft pro- ceeding from the first labial; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal, frontal, and interparietal of equal size, much larger than the scales on the body; supraoculars and one pair of parietals larger still; four upper labials. Diameter of body 23 times in the total length ; tail exceedingly short, much broader than long. 34 scales round the body. Uniform pale greenish grey above, pale buff beneath. Total length 185 millim. Island of Manda, north of Lamu, E. Africa. Add:— Page 40. Typhlops anchietz. Typhlops anchiets, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 63 (1895). Waa ok Page 43. Typhlops punctatus. Typhlops punctatus, Bocage, Herp. Angola. p. 65 (1895), aa. Ad. (A, c). Mkonumbi, E. Africa. sa J. W. Gregory cas bb. Ad. (B, a). Leikipia, E. Africa. Dr. J dy. Gregory [Psi ye es Page 44. Typhlops bibronii. k. Ad. Middelburg, Transvaal. D. Draper, Esq. [P.]. 588 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 44, Add a species :— 67 a. Typhlops hottentotus. fe i Page 96. Epicrates angulifer. a. Q (Sc. 62; V.275; Cuba. Christiania Mus. ©. 45). Add :— Page 98. Epicrates fordii. d. 2 (Se.35; V. 249; S. Domingo. C. 76). Add :-— Page 99. Corallus cookii. Xiphosoma hortulana, A. E. Brown, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1893, p. 430. —— ruschenbergeri, 4. £. Brown, l. c. p. 431. H. H. Smith [0.]; q-t. Ad. & her. (Se. 39, Id. of Grenada. Mr. H. 43, 39, 41; V. 265, F. D. Godman, Esq. 264, 270, 270; C.118, (P.1. 101, 104, 108). Ada: Page 102. Corallus hortulanus. k. Hgr. (Se. 59; V.279; —-R. Ucayale. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. C. 109). Ada -— Page 102. Corallus annulatus. Xiphosoma annulata, 4. E. Brown, Proc, Ac, Philad, 1898, p. 431. Add:— Page 103. Corallus caninus. k. ey (Sc. 67; V.193; Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. 1. Her. (Se. 77; V.195; Beni R., Bolivia. C. 69), Add:-- Page 109. Enygrus carinatus. t. 9 (A. Se.85; V.175; Trobriand Ids., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. C. 39). New Guinea. v-@. 2 (C. Se. 33, 35; ‘Trobriand Ids., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.] V.171, 173; C. 41, 89). New Guinea, VOL. III. 2a 594 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 109. Enygrus asper. d. 9 (Se. 85; V. 188; 0.16). — Stephansort, N. Guinea. Add :-— Page 111. Ungalia melanura. Ungalia melanura, A. E. Brown, Proe. Ac. Philad. 1898, p. 429. Add — Page 112. Ungalia maculata. Ungalia maculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 436. —— heetiana, Cope, 1. c. l. d (Se. 27; V. 186; C. 35). Hayti. Christiania Mus. Page 116. Add a species :— 2. Eunectes notzus. Eunectes noteus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 70. Rostral considerably broader than deep; thirteen to fifteen upper labials ; no scales between the suboculars and the labials. Scales in 45 to 49 rows. A dark broad stripe originating between the orbits and extending to the nape, followed by a series of large transverse blackish spots, which extend to the end of the tail; two dark stripes on each side of the head, and a lateral series of blackish vertical bars. Otherwise as in E. murinus. Total length 1850 millim.; tail 280. Grows to.3000 millim, Paraguay and Bolivia. a. Hgr. (Sc. 49; V. 231; ©. 54). Bolivia. M. Suarez [P.}. Add :— Page 118. Boa occidentalis. b. 2 (Se. 75; V. 250; 0.44). Paraguay. Zoological Society. 13 of the subcaudals are divided. Total length 2730 millim. Add :— Page 119, Boa imperator. Boa imperator, Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) ii. 1898, p. 300, pl. xiii. p. Yg. (Se. 75; V. 245; °C. 56). Brit. Honduras. “el e Esq. 4 * . Add :-— Page 120. Boa dumerilii. d. Yg. (Sc. 68; V. 223; OC, 82), Madagascar. Mr, Last [C.]. Add s— Page 120. Boa madagascariensis. c. 2 (Sc. 69; V. 228; C. 33). Madagascar. Christiania Mus. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 595 MAgi Page 122. Bolieria multicarinata. e. ¢ (Sc. 53; V. 196; Mauritius. Capt. Stokes [C.]; Col- C. 107). lege of Surgeons [ E. }. Addis Page 125. Eryx thebaicus. lL. g (V.179; CO. 24). Fayoum. Dr. J. Anderson FI: m-n. Her. (V. 188, 182; Suakin. Dr. Penton & Dr. J. C. 24, 24). Anderson [P.]. o. Hgr. (V. 171; C. 21). Between W.She- Dr. Donaldson Smith beli& Juba R., ([C.]. Gallaland. / p. Hgr. (V. 165; C. 20). Lake Stephanie. Dr. oo Smith _ Addie Page 125. Eryx jaculus. Eryx jaculus, Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 93. e. 9 (V. 197; C. 18). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. VT pee Page 129. Lichanura trivirgata. a. & (Sc. 41; V. 238; C. 45). San Diego, California. Christiania Mus. 9 scales round the eye; 13-14 upper labials. Uniform brown above, grey beneath. Add << Page 130. Charina botte. Charina plumbea, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 208 (1893). ; e. Yg. (Sc. 49; V. 208; C. 34). ? San Francisco. Christiania Mus. Anterior nasal fused with internasal; anterior prefrontal distinct; a small azygous shield between the internasals ; loreal distinct ; fifth upper labial entering the eye. ft. & (Se. 47; V. 200; C. 35). San Francisco. Christiania Mus. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior preefrontal fused ; no azygous preefrontal ; loreal distinct ; fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye. Add :-— Page 134. Ilysia scytale. o-p. Ad. (V. 229, 223; Para. Dr. E. A, Goldi [P. |. C. 12, 18). cates ‘ Page 137. Cylindrophis maculatus. h-k. 2 (V. 190; C. 5) Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.}. & hgr. (V. 180, 206; O. 5, 4). é 2a2 596 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add -— Page 141. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus. d. 2 (V. 225; 0. 5). Ceylon. Dr. Bowles [P.}. Page 142. Add a species :-— 4a. Rhinophis fergusonianus. Snout acutely pointed; rostral rounded, as long as its distance from the posterior extremity of the frontal; latter shield a little longer than broad. Diameter of body 46 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven- trals 188; subcaudals 4. Caudal disk longer than the shielded part of the head. Blackish above; yellowish beneath, with black spots forming a zigzag band anteriorly, Total length 320 millim.; tail 9. Travancore. a. 2 (V. 188; C. 4). Cardaman Hills. H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. Adda :— Page 143. Rhinophis travancoricus. a eis travancoricus, Bouleng. Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1892, , pl. ps2 b. 2 (V. 184; C. 6). Peermad, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. Add:— Page 155. Silybura ellioti. w-x. 9 (V. 165, 176; Foster Hill Rise, W. M. Daly, Esq. [P.). - 0.68). | . IWNilgherries, ca Ada: Page 156. Silybura myhendra. e. 9 (V. 144; 0.7). Neduvangaud, Trav- H. S. Ferguson, Esq. [P.]. ancore, Add :-— Page 157. Silybura madurensis. e-g. & (V. 142; C. 9) High Range, Travan- H. 8. Ferguson : Bon! (V. 148, 149; core. (P.]. scimenke h-k. 3 (V. 149; ©. 8) Peermad, Travancore. H. S. Ferguson, Esq. & 2 (V. 148, 150; (P.3. chit C. 7, 7). l. 3 (V. 140; C. 9). Alleppy, low country, H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. Travancore, [P.}. Add :— Page 159. Silybura brevis. w. ¢ (V. 182; C. 10). High Range, Travan- H. = Seeguer Esq. core. x. 9 (V. 1382; 0.9). ~Peermad, Travancore, H. 3. Ferguson, Esq. Pik y- 2 (V. 135; C. 9). Brumagherries, N. Wy- G. E. ‘Mason : ; nad, S00 ft. SSB, oa. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 597 Add -— Page 169. COLUBRID. Calamariidee, Lycodontide, Colubride, Xenodontide, Natricide,- Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 479. Add :— Page 173. Acrochordus javanicus. - Coluber oularsawa, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 26 (1789). Add :— Page 174. Chersydrus granulatus. u. Several specs. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Add :< Page 177. COLUBRINZ. Calamariide, Oligodontinte, Lycodontine, Boodontine, part., Xeno- dontins, Pseudaspidine, Natricine, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 480. Add:—- Page 183. Polyodontophis sumichrasti. Ablabes sumichrasti, Gtinth, Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 105 (1898). Add -— Page 184. Polyodontophis collaris. Polecang collaris, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genov., (2) xiii. 1898, p. 322, Add:— Page 186. Polyodontophis geminatus. n. 2 (B. V.165; C.?). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C. ]. 0. G. $50) (B. V. 162; Muching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. E. No light stripes; head dark brown above, with a black nuchal collar. p- 2 (V. 183; C.118). Kina Balu,N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Page 186. Add a species :— 6 a. Polyodoutophis bivittatus. Polyodontophis bivittatus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xiv. 1894, p. 82. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as deep as long; one preocular ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 2+ 2, the lower anterior wedged in between the sixth and seventh labials ; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 153-155; anal 598 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. divided ; subcaudals —? (tail mutilated). Black above, with two white streaks commencing on the parietal shields and running along the sixth series of scales and the adjoining halves; a white cross- bar on the forehead, occupying the anterior two thirds of the frontal and supraocular shields; a series of white spots along the upper lip; lower parts white, with a black dot or spot at the outer end of each shield. Total length 490 millim. Palawan. a-b. 3 (V. 153, 155; C. ?). Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Types.) Add:— Page 137. Polyodontophis subpunctatus. n—p. 3 (V. 157; C. 60), 9 (V. 176; Ceylon. Miss Layard [P.]. G. 53), & yg. (V. 163; C. 52), 5 Adad:— Page 188. Polyodontophis sagittarius. ; i. 2 (V. 286; C. 54). Bengal ? Dr. Cantor. Page 189. Add a species :— 11. Polyodontophis venustissimus. Henicognathus venustissimus, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 144, pl. li. fig. C (1894). Snout much flattened; rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep ; one pree- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3,; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 137-142; anal divided. Crimson above, each scale with a black dot, with black cross-bands edged with yellow; some of the cross- bands broken on the vertebral line and alternating; snout and occiput black, vertex yellow ; labials, loreal, and preocular yellow ; dark streaks radiating from below the eye; white beneath, with blackish dots on the sides ; each subcaudal with a large black spot *. Total length 430 millim., without tail. Nicaragua. a-b. g (V. 142,137; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh Jericho, Nicaragua. [C.]. (Types.) Page 189. Add a genus :— 6 a, LIOPHIDIUM. Maxillary teeth 25, small, closely set, the three posterior feebly eularged ; mandibular teeth small, equal. Dentary bone completely * The coloration is described from the specimens when quite fresh, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 599 detached from the articular posteriorly. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two nasals and the internasal. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without _ pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail rather short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column, Madagascar. 1. Liophidium trilineatum. Snout much depressed, slightly projecting. Rostral small, broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, scarcely broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 145; anal divided; subcaudals 57. Grey above, dotted with black, with three black longitudinal lines, the lateral on the third row of scales, and extending to the nostril after passing through the eye; head with dark brown variegations ; upper labials white, the anterior edged with black; lower parts white, dotted with black on the sides. Total length 330 millim.; tail 80. Madagascar. a. 5 (V. 145; C. 57). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.]. Aadase _ Page 189. DROMICODRYAS. Lianthera, Cope, dm. Nat. 1893, p. 482. ‘dass: Page 190. Dromicodryas bernieri. -. Yg. (V. 184; OC. 99), Sahambendrana. M. Majastre [C. ]. Add: Page 191. Xenochrophis cerasogaster. s. 9 (V. 147; C. 71). Bengal ? Dr. Cantor. Add :-— Page 192. TROPIDONOTUS. Tropinotus, Kuhl, Isis, 1822, p. 473. Hemigenius, Dugés, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxv. 1888, p. 182. Diplophallus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1893, p. 483. Ceratophallus, Cope, /. ¢. Tropidonotus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 750 (1893). Regina, Bocourt, 1. ¢. p. 747. Thamnophis, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 754. Kuteenia, Bocourt, l. c. p. 760. Trimerodytes, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 426 (1895). Seminatrix, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 678. 600 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Add: Page 201. Tropidonotus leptocephalus. Eutenia ea Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 763, pl. lvi. fig. 5 (1 # Thamaophis parietalis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 214 (1893). Ada -— Page 202. Tropidonotus vagrans. hm a vagrans, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun, no. 7, pt. ii. p. 218 (1893). Eutenia vagrans, Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. p. 788, pl. lviii. fig. 2 (1895). s. 2 (Sc. 28; V. 154; C. 68). 8. Diego, California. Christiania Mus. Add:— Page 203. Tropidonotus chrysocephalus. Euteenia chrysocephala, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 762, pl. lvii. fig. 1 (1893). e. Yg. (V. 152; C. 68). Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.]. Page 203. Add a species :— 3 a. Tropidonotus godmani. Tropidonotus godmani, Giinth. Biol. C.-Am., Rept. p. 138 (1893). Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a Jittle shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 1+2,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, strongly keeled. Ventrals 134-149; anal entire; subcaudals 61-81. Olive or brown above, with a yellowish vertebral line, one scale wide, and a light lateral streak on ‘the second and third rows of scales; some black spots or bars on the neck; a black nuchal collar; upper lip pale, with black lines on the sutures between the labials ; greyish or pale olive beneath. Total length 600 millim. ; tail 160. Mexico. ag. 3 YE 148, 146, 146, Omilteme, Guerrero. rye H.H. Smith [C.]; 146; ©. 80, 74, 81, 78) F. D. Godman, Esq. & 9 (V. 142, 145, 134; [P.]. (Types.) 0. 66, 73, 61). h-k ae (V. i 141,145; Omilteme, Guerrero. Mr. H. H. Smith{C. ‘By Godman = ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 601 Add :— Page 203. Tropidonotus scaliger. Euteenia scalaris, part., Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 768, pl. lvi. fig. 6 (1893). Add se Page 204. Tropidonotus scalaris. Kuteenia scalaris, part., Bocourt, 1. ¢. Page 206. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. sirtalis. Add :— Euteenia sirtalis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 765, pl. lv. fig. 4 (1893). Thamnophis ordinatus obscurus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p- 387. Page 208. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. infernalis. Add :— Eutenia infernalis, Bocourt, l. c. p. 771, pl. lv. fig. 2. Thamnophis infernalis, Stejneger, PY. Am. Faun. no. 7, pt. ii. p. 210 (1893). —— elegans, Stejneger, 1. c. p, 211. 5. 9 (V. 158; A. 2; C. 85). California. Christiania Mus. Page 209. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. eques. Add :— Tropidonotus eques, Wiegm. Arch. f. Nat. 1835, p. 282. Euteenia pulchrilata, Bocourt, J. ¢. p. 767, pl. Te fig. 4. cyrtopsis, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 774, pe ly. fig. —— cyrtopsis, var. fulvus, Bocourt, ! p. 7 7 ; pl. Ivii. fig. 2. y. Yg. (V. 141; C. 75). Omilteme, Guer- a H. H. Smith [C.]; rero. F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Page 209. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. sumichrasti. Add :—- Euteenia cyrtopsis, var. sumichrasti, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 775, ef lvii. fig, 3. Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. phenax. Add :— Eutzenia cyrtopsis, var. phenax, Bocourt, J. ¢. p. 778. Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. couchii. Add :— Thamnophis couchii, Stejneger, 1. e. p. 212, Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. hammondii. Add :— Thamnophis hammondii, Stejneger, 1. c. 602 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Page 210. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. marcianus. Add :— Euteenia marciana, Bocourt, 1. c, p. 784, pl. lix. fig. 1 (1895). Page 211. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. radix. Add :— Euteenia radix, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 781, pl. lviii. fig. 3 (1895). Page 212. Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. macrostemma. Add :— Eutzenia megalops, Bocourt, l, ¢. p. 786, pl. lix. fig, 2 CS —— macrostemma, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 788, pl. lix. fig. 3 Page 212. For “ Tropidonotus ordinatus, var. butleri,” read:— | 6a. Tropidonotus butleri. And add :— ae “gop butleri, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1895, p. 593 Eye small. Temporals 1+1. Aad +. Page 212. Tropidonotus saurita. Thamnophis saurita, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 754, pl. ly. ‘fig. 6, & pl. lvi. figs, 2-4 (1898). Page 214 (see p. 418). Tropidonotus preocularis. Add :— Eutenia preocularis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 770, pl. lvi. fig. 7 (1893). Add:— Page 216. Tropidonotus picturatus. Tropidonotus mairii, Gray, in Grey’s Trav. Austral. ii. p. 442 (1841). t. Yg. (V. 150; C. 72). Herbert R. J. A. Boyd, Esq. u, Yg. (V. 146; 0, 65). Daly R., N. Australia, Dr. Dahl C.). chris’ tiania = v. 2 (V. 142; O.P). Fergusson Id., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. ew Guinea. w-y. d (V.152; 0.69), Trobriand Ids. Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. 2 (V. 158; ©. 73), New Guinea. & yg. (V. 152; C. 75). Page 216, Add a species :— lla. Tropidonotus punctiventris. Tropidonotus punctiventris, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 129. Allied to 7’. picturatus, but temporals 243, and nine upper 7 » ll ‘ ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 603 labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye. Scales in 15 rows, ail strongly keeled. Ventrals 162; anal divided; subcaudals 74. Dark olive-grey above, with darker spots disposed quincuncially ; lips white, the anterior labials black-edged ; belly white, greyish behind, with about six longitudinal series of black dots. Total length 461 millim.; tail 116. Halmaheira. Add :— Page 216. Tropidonotus truncatus. Styporhynchus truncatus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 131. a-b. 3 (V. 142; C.P)& O Halmaheira. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.]; (V. 149; C.?). Senckenberg Mus. [E.}. Add:— Page 217. Tropidonotus fuliginoides. Mizodon fuliginoides, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 75 (1895). l. 9 (V.128;A.1;C.?). Mouth of the Loango. Add :— a. 9 (V. 184; C. ?). Add :— Lower Niger. Mr. H. J. Duggan [C.]. Page 218. Tropidonotus variegatus. H. W. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Page 219. Tropidonotus natrix. Tropidonotus natrix, Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. wu. Herzeg. ii. p- 686 (1894) ; Diirigen, Deutschl. Amph, u. Rept. p. 274, pl. vii. fig. 2 (1894). ¢ g (V. 169; C.?). n. 2 (V. 167; ©. 57). 6. Yg. (V. 163; C. 63). u: Yg. (V. 172; ©. 62). x. 3 (V. 176; C. 65). r-v. & (V. 180; C. 54) & 2 (V. 169, 171; C. 56, 57). & 2 (V. 168; ©. 54). V. 176; C. 60). V.1 & yg. (V. 172, 176; C. 58, 60 (V. 171, 170; , 71) & Q(V.166; 50). A. Typical Form. Newby Bridge, N. Lancashire. Houffalize, Belgium. Freiburg, Baden. Vienna. Brasso, Hungary. Pisa. Sicily. C. (C. persa.) Admont, Upper Styria. Carinthia. Zara, Dalmatia. Salonica. Alexandretta. Mr. J. Paul [P.]. Mile L. Héger [P.]. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. [P.]. Herr IF. Henkel [E. }. Prof, v. Méhely | C. |. Prof. Della Torre (E.]. Christiania Mus. Herr F. Henkel [E. ]. Herr F. Henkel | E. }. Herr Spada. Novak [C.]. J. Southgate, Esq. Pel, Hr. Rolle [C.]. 604 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. D. (C. scutatus.) e. d (V. 180; C. 69). Pressbaum, nr. Vienna. Hr. F. Henkel [E.}. F. Uniform black above, with a bright yellow collar. a. 2 (V. 174; C. 50). Copenhagen. Add:— Page 222. Tropidonotus conspicillatus. e. 9 (V. 145; C. 48), Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. J. te Ay 152; C. 53). Tandjong, S.E. Borneo, g. 3d (V. 188; C. 54). Great Natuna Id. | C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Add:— Page 225. Tropidonotus trianguligerus. w. 2 (V. 186; C,81). Kina Balu, N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. Add:— Page 226. Tropidonotus melanogaster. Eutenia melanogaster, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p.779, pl. liii. fig. 4, & pl. lv. fig. 3 (1893). Add-— Page 227. Tropidonotus olivaceus. Coronella olivacea, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893, p. 79. Mizodon olivaceus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 74 (1895). o-r. 2 af 139; C.?) & Zomba,Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston hgr. (V. 140, 141, 144; (P.]. C. 75, ?, 59). s. 9 (V. 136; C. 67). Fwambo, Brit. C. LE. Carson, Esq. [C.]. Africa. t. Hgr. (V. 186; C. 78). Milangi, Brit. C. Sir H. H. Johnston Africa, UF wu. Hgr. (V. 137; C.?). Ngatana, E. Africa. Dp 1 W. Gregory Add :— Page 228. Tropidonotus pygeus. Contia pygwa, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 823. Seminatrix pygweus, Cope, Am. Nat, 1895, p. 678. Add: Page 280. Tropidonotus sancti-johannis. o. 3 (V. 1389; C. 86). Shillong, Assam. §H. M. Phipson, Esq. [P.]. p. bd (V. 145; C.?). Benares, S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. Add:— Page 231. Tropidonotus piscator. Bothrodytes piscator, Cope, Tr. Am, Philos, Soc, xviii, 1895, p. 216. A. B-y, 8. 2 (V. 148, 144; Peermad, Travancore, H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. U. 68, ?) & yg. (V. 146; (P.]. C. 71). «. do (V. 1385; C. 86). Benares. S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 605 B. aa. Ugr. 9 (V.141; C.70). Swatow, China. Christiania Mus. bb. Yg.(V.125; C.77). Pinang. S. Flower, Esq.[P.]. C. aa. 9 (V. 142; 0.78). Java. Christiania Mus. Aare Page 233. Tropidonotus annularis. t, 2 (V. 149; C. 60). Da-laen-saen, S. W. of J.J. Walker, Esq. | Ningpo. [P.]. Adds Page 234. Tropidonotus tessellatus. Tropidonotus tessellatus, Fitzing. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. i. p. 326 (1832); Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 66 (1867); Diirtgen, Deutschl. Amph. u. Rept. p. 295, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1894). Natrix hydrus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. bY. 16L sem, P), Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F. Werner [F.]. @ (V. 165; C. 58). Travnik, Bosnia. Dr. F. Werner | FE. ]. K A. & (V. 168; C. 56). Smyrna. F. Holmwood, Esq. [ P.]. p-&. Ye. (V.169,165,168; Jerusalem. Canon Tristram ret C. 61, 69, 63). 0. do (V. 167; C. 53). Fao, Persia. W. Cumming, Esq. [P.]. m. 9 (V. 168; C. 57). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. MAX Page 237. Tropidonotus viperinus. B. 2 (V. 151; C. 58). Seville. Prof. Calderon [E.]. y. Hgr. (V. 150; C. 50). Cintra. Col. Yerbury [P. ]. Add sac Page 237. Tropidonotus validus. Tropidonotus quadriserialis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 752, pl. liv. fig. 6 (1893). k. Yg. (V..189; C. 74). S. José del Cabo, Lower California. Add: Page 239. Tropidonotus compressicauda. Natrix compressicauda, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 380. —— compressicauda teeniata, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 676. Add:— Page 239. Tropidonotus septemvittatus. Regina leberis, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 747, pl. lii. fig. 1, & pl. liii. fig. 8 (1893). Natrix septemvittata, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. -— leberis, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 390. 606 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. mad 2. Page 240. Tropidonotus rigidus. Regina rigida, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 748, pl. liii. fig. 7 (1893). Ada ts Page 242. Tropidonotus anoscopus. a. do (V. 144; C. ?). --— + Christiania Mus, TEE Biee Page 242. Tropidonotus fasciatus. Tropidonotus rhombifer, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 751, pl. liv. fig. 5 (1893). anomalus, Werner, Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 362. Natrix fasciata, Loennberg, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. 1894, p. 331. —— fasciata pictiventris, Cope, Am. Nat, 1895, p. 677. —— sipedon, Rhoads, Proc. Ae. Philad, 1895, p. 387. A. Forma typica. r. do (Sc. 25; V. 143; Wisconsin. Christiania Mus. C. 69). s. Yg. (Sc. 23; V. 132; Alabama. Christiania Mus. C. 68). D. Var. rhombifer. e. d (Sc. 27; V. 146; New Orleans. Christiania Mus. C. 75). hade— Page 244. Tropidonotus cyclopium. Natrix ecyclopion, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 382. Add:— Page 245. Tropidonotus taxispilotus. Natrix taxispilota, Loennberg, 1. ¢. p. 382. e. Yg. (Sc. 31; V.138; Pensacola, Florida. Christiania Mus, ©. 75). Page 246. Add a species :— 47a. Tropidonotus variabilis, ; Hemigenius variabilis, Dugés, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. xxv. 1888, Pies} fig.; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 741, pl. liii. fig. 5 Posterior maxillary teeth abruptly enlarged. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; two pre-and two. postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, strongly ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 607 keeled, outer row faintly keeled. Ventrals 122-130; anal divided ; subcaudals 43-48. Olive-grey above, with small black spots; upper surface of head speckled with black, back of head nearly entirely black ; pale olive beneath, speckled with blackish on the sides. Total length 290 millim.; tail 65. Mexico. a. g (V. 129; C. 48). Guanajuato. Dr. A. Dugés [C.]; Paris Museum | E. }. Add:— Page 246. Tropidonotus Sexlineatus. m. Her. go (V. 158; Madagascar. Christiania Mus. C. 163). Add:— Page 247. Tropidonotus dolichocercus. b. 2 (V. 162; C.111). Ambohimitombo forest, Dr. Forsyth Major Madagascar. [C.]. Page 248. Add a species :— 51a. Tropidonotus balteatus. Trimerodytes balteatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 426 (1895). Internasals longer than broad; prefrontals fused to a single shield ; frontal little longer than broad ; loreal deeper than long ; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye; six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter then the posterior. Scales smooth, feebly keeled on the tail, in 19 rows. Ventrals 202; anal divided; subcaudals 84. Black, with white or pale yellow rings; labials and oculars with yellow centres ; a yellow line from near the angle of the mouth to near the middle line above ; a pair of yellow spots on the parietal shields near the common suture. Total length 377 millim. ; tail 80. Hainan. re pee Page 249. Tropidonotus tigrinus. Bothrodytes tigrinus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 216. t-u. Yg. (V. 151, 153; Chefoo. C. 64, ?). v. Her. 2 (V.161; C.71). Chimabara, Japan. Mr. Holst [C.]. paar Page 252. Tropidonotus ceylonensis. Bothrodytes ceylonensis, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215. 608 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 253. Tropidonotus stolatus. Natrix stolata, Cope, i. ¢. p. 216. Aaa — Page 253. Tropidonotus beddomii. gd (V. 148; C. 75) Peermad, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. mae 2 (V. 143, 142 ; [P.}. C. 62, 65). Add :— Page 255. Tropidonotus vittatus. Ceratophallus vittatus, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos, Soc, xviii. 1895, p. 216. Add:— Page 255. Tropidonotus nigrocinctus. ~~ idonotus nigrocinctus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 322. Add:— Page 256. Tropidonotus subminiatus. x. go (V. 163; C. 75). Nampandet, Shan E. W. Oates, Esq. 8 2000 ft P. tates, 5 y. 2 (V. 168; C. 88), North Chin hills, E. Y Watson, Esq. Upper Burma. [P.]. Ada:— Page 257. Tropidonotus spilogaster. eee a spilogaster, Cope, Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p.2 g. 2 (V. a C. 97). or of Lepauto, Whitehead Expedition. uzon, +. 2 (V. 147, 146; Ca Engano, N. Whitehead Expedition. *o. P, 82 Taide, sisal Bai Add:— Page 259. Tropidonotus chrysargus. z-a. Ye. (V. 148, 155; Balabac. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. G. Bo. 89), ; » Esq. [C.] at 9 Xs. dy: 158, 176; Palawan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. 8. Her. ¢ (V. 143; Sarawak. ‘Rajah Brooke [P.]. C. 72). pet ee Page 260. Tropidonotus monticola. g. 3d (V. 187; 0.91). Peermad, Travancore, H.S. Ferguson, Esq. 8300 f., fe. eae Ada :— Page 260. Tropidonotus maculatus. d. d (V.140; C.?). Labuan. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. e @ (V.148; ©. 102), Mt, Mulu, Sarawalt, O, Hose Esq ot ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 609 f. 2 (V. 155; 0.?). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.}. g- 2 (V. 140; C. P). Spitang R.,N. Borneo. A. Everett, Esq. C.]. h. Yg. (V.141;C.117). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C. ]. Add:— Page 261. Tropidonotus saravacensis. g- 2 (V. 147; C. 74). Kuching, Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. sae Page 263. Tropidonotus flavifrons. b. Yg.(V.149; C. 102). Penriser hills,Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. (C.]. c, d-e, f-h. & (V.147, Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. |C. }. 146; ©. 101, 101), 2 (V. 153; C. 94),& yg. (V. 153, 153, 153; C. 98, 87, 93). Page 265. Add a species :— 75. Tropidonotus halmahericus. Tropidonotus (Macropophis) halmahericus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 130. Allied to 7. hypomelas and T. dendrophiops, but scales in 15 rows and ventrals 172-180. Head uniform black above, lower halves of labials white; body reddish white with black spots, or barred black and red anteriorly, black, uniform or with two series of round reddish-white spots posteriorly ; belly white anteriorly, gradually darkening to black posteriorly. Total length 1115 millim, ; tail 305. Halmaheira. BOO EN. SIZ SF Coty: Halmaheira. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.]; Senckenberg Mus. [E. ]. (One of the types.) Ad Page 266. Macropisthodon flaviceps. 0. @ (V. 129; 0.59). | Kuching, Sarawak. © Rajah Brooke [P.]. Add: — Page 267. Macropisthodon rhodomelas. h. Yg. (V. 124; C. 58). Sarawak. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. a. Yg. (V. 182; C. 55). Singapore. H. N. Ridley, Esq. [P.]. Add:— Page 267. Macropisthodon plumbicolor. Tropidonotus plumbicolor, Werner, Verh. zovl.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1893, p. 350. Young specimen, from Ceylon, with 21 rows of scales. . Page 268. Add a genus :— 11 a. COMPSOPHIS. Compsophis, Mocguard, CR. Soc. Philom, 1894, no. 17, p. 8. Posterior maxillary teeth largest, separated from the rest by an VOL, III. 2k 610 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. interspace; anterior mandibular teeth longer than the posterior. Head distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal single. Body short, rounded; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Compsophis albiventris. Compsophis albiventris, Mocg. 7. ¢. Rostral much broader than deep ; internasals as long as the pra- frontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 148; anal entire; subcaudals 41. Uniform dark brown above, white beneath; a yellowish-white spot on each temple, and a small yellowish-white spot on each of the six last upper labials. Total length 167 millim. ; tail 28, Ambre Mt. eae Page 274. Helicops bicolor. Helicops bicolor, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 76 (1895). AAA ses Page 275. Helicops septemvittatus. Limnophis septemvittatus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 809, pl. lx. fig. 1 (1895). Add:— Page 275, Helicops allenii. Liodytes allenii, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 330. Add:— Page 281. Hydrathiops melanogaster. Hydrethiops melanogaster, Bocage, Herp, Angola, p. 77 (1895). Add :— Page 282, Tretanorhinus variabilis. Tretanorhinus variabilis, Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. p. 793, pl. lii. figs. 2 & 3 (1895). —— variabilis, var. cubanus, Bocourt, l. c. p. 795, pl. lii. fig. 3. d-e. 3 (V. 152, 156; O. 66, 65). Cuba. Add:— Page 282. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 798, pl. liv. fig. 1. —— lateralis, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 800, pl. lil. fig. 4. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 611 Add:— Page 283. Tretanorhinus mocquardii. Tretanorhinus mocquardi, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 797, pl. lii. fig. 5. Add :— Page 285. Opisthotropis typica. a-c. 3 (V. 184; 0. 85) & 2 Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (V. 175, 174; C. 77, 76). Preefrontals sometimes united. Ad&ase Page 286. Ischnognathus kirtlandii. — Natrix kirtlandii, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215, Add :-— Page 286. Ischnognathus dekayi. Storeria dekayi, Bocowrt, l. c. p. 742, pl. liii. fig. 1; Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 332. op. 3 (V.133; C.53) & Orizaba. F. D. Godman, Esq. © (V. 148; C. ?). [P.}. Loennberg records a specimen with 15 rows of scales. Page 287. Add a species :— 2a. Ischnognathus victa. Storeria victa, Hay, Science, xix. 1892, p. 199. Allied to I. dekayj. No loreal; scales in 15 rows; ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 60. Oklawaha River, Florida. Page 287. Ischnognathus occipitomaculata. Add :— Storeria occipitomaculata, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 745, pl. lili. fig. 6; Loennberg, 1. ¢. p. 333. Add:— Page 288. Ischnognathus storerioides. Tropidonotus storerioides, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 750. p. 3 (V. 127; C. 45). Jalisco, N. of R. de F. D. Godman, Esq, aie PP; ). gq. 2 (V. 181; C. 40). Amula, Guerrero. Mr. H.H.Smith[(C.]; I. D.,Godman, Esq. a ga r. 3 (V. 125; C. 48). Popocatepetl, 9000 ft, Mr.H.H.Smith(C.]; , F. D.Godman, Esq. [P.]. 2R2 612 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 291. Haldea striatula. d. 2 (V.127; C. 87). Raleigh, N. Carolina. Messrs. Brimley [C.]. SRS Page 294. Streptophorus atratus. A. (S. lansbergi.) | h. Q (V. 146; C. 51). Trinidad. F, W. Urich, Esq. [P.]. B. (S. atratus.) c. 2 (V. 151; CO. 49). Buenaventura, Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- Colombia. berg [P.]. C. (S. maculatus.) f. Yg. (V. 189; ©. 48). Irazu, Costa Rica, | F.D.Godman,Esq.[P.]. D. (S. sebee.) aa. Hgr. (V. 148; 0, Hacienda Rosa de Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.}. 63). Jericho, Nica- ragua, 3250 ft. Add:— Page 297. Hydrablabes prefrontalis. a. 3 (V. 202; C. 72). Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [P.]. Anas: Page 300. Trachischium monticola. k, Hgr. (V. 120; ©. 40). Naga hills. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) Page 301 (see p. 419). Trirhinopholis nuchalis, Add :— sig pra nuchalis, Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 828, b-c. 9 (V. 140, 140; 0.27, 24), Karin hills, © M, L, Fea [0.]. Add :— Page 303, Oxyrhabdium leporinum. ec. ¢ (V. 167; OC. 48). Highlands of Lepauto, Whitehead Exped. N, Luzon, Add :— Page 304, Xylophis perroteti. k. Q (V. 141; C. 19), High Range, Travan- H. 8. Ferguson, Esq, core, [P.]. Ada:— Page 308. Achalinus rufescens. b. gd (Sc. 28; V. 187; Hong Kong, 1700 ft. J. J. Walker ; Os eae (P.}. Bi ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 613 Add:— Page 309. Achalinus braconnieri. e. Yg. (V. 180; C.48). Mainland opposite H ie A Walker, Esq. ~ Chusan Islands. Ada: Page 313. Aspidura trachyprocta. im. 3 (V. 142, 141; C, 23, 28), Ceylon, Miss Layard [P.]. Q (V. 147; C. 17), & yz. (V.147; 0.14). te Add:— Page 315. Pseudoxyrhopus microps. Pseudoxyrhopus triteeniatus, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom. 1894, no. 9, p. 4. Page 315, Add a species :— 2a. Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis. Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom, 1894, no, 9, p- 4, and Bull. Soc, Philom, (8) vii. 1895, p. 1238. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; frontal a little longer than broad; loreal small; one pre- and two post- oculars; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 147; anal divided; subcaudals 49 pairs or more. Uniform brown above, sandy grey beneath; a white line round the upper lip, along the upper border of the labials. Total length 296 millim. Ambre Mt., Madagascar. Page 316. Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus, Add :— e. 2 (V. 148; C. 52). Madagascar. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. Page 317. Add a species :— 4a. Pseudoxyrhopus occipitalis. Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little larger than the posterior, Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 183; anal divided; subcaudals 64, Pale brown above, scales edged with lighter, with two darker longitudinal streaks; crown and nape 614 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, blackish brown, occiput and sides of head yellowish white; lower parts uniform white. Total length 310 millim.; tail 70. Madagascar. a, Hgr. (V. 188; ©. 64). S.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last (C.]. Add:— Page 317. Lycognathophis sechellensis. Liysognatnoplie seychellensis, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p. 726. Page 320. Add a genus :— 38 a. MICROPISTHODON. Micropisthodon, Mocquard, CR. Soc. Philom. 1894, no. 17, p. 7. Maxillary teeth 12; posterior maxillary and mandibular teeth shortest. Head not distinct from neck; eye rather large, with round pupil; nasal entire. Body slender, slightly compressed ; scales narrow, smooth, oblique, with apical pits,in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Madagascar. 1. Micropisthodon ochraceus. Micropisthodon ochraceus, Moeg. /. ¢. p. 8. Rostral large, twice as broad as deep; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout ; supraoculars longer than the frontal, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one or two pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are short. Scales in 17 rows, very finely striated. Ventrals 145; anal divided; subcaudals 138. Light ochraceous brown above, with fine darker dots and small spots ; two black lines on the neck, converging behind. Total length 687 millim.; tail 260. Nossi Bé. Page 324, Add a species :— 2a. Gonionotophis klingii, Gonivnotophis klingi, Matschie, Siteb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1893, p. 172. Rostral hardly visible from above ; internasals much broader than long; prefrontals a little longer than broad; frontal as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal more than twice as long as broad; one pree- and two postoculars; tem- porals 242; seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which ete Ls ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. §15 are longer than the posterior. * Scales very strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire; subcaudals 92. Blackish brown above, each scale light-edged; yellowish beneath. Total length 420 millim. ; tail 125, Togoland, W. Africa. | Page 326. Add a genus :— 42a. GLYPHOLYCUS. Glypholycus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 629 (1894), Dentition as in Lamprophis and Bothrolycus. Head rather small and depressed; eye small, with round pupil; nostril valvular, directed upwards; a longitudinal groove on each side of the head, separating the labials from the shields above. Body elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in 23 or 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column, Central Africa. 1. Glypholycus bicolor. Glypholycus bicolor, Giinth. 1. ¢. fig. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals longer than broad, very narrow in tront, shorter than the preefrontals ; eyes and nostrils directed upwards ; nasal semidivided ; frontal small, about once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep ; one pre- and two postoculars; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 (rarely 25) rows. Ventrals 155-184 ; anal entire; subcaudals 56-69. Dark brown _ above; two outer rows of scales and lower parts whitish ; a brown line along the meeting edges of the subcaudals. Total. length 530 millim.; tail 140. Lake Tanganyika. af. 3 (Se. 23, 23,25, 23, Lake Tanganyika. E. Coode-Hore, Esq. 23 ; V. 159,155,158, 160, [P.]. (Lypes.) 158; C. 63, ?, 2, 65, 69) & 2 (Sc. 23; V. 184; C, 56). ha oes Page 327. Cyclocorus lineatus. f. 2 (V. 187; C. 44). Placer, N.E. Min- A. Everett, Esq.(C.]. danao. g. 2 (V. 167; C.?). Highlands of Lepauto, Whitehead Exped. N. Luzon. h. 2 (V. 158; C.?). Isabella, N.E. Luzon, Whitehead Exped. i, 2 (V. 149; C. 46). Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. 616 Add :— ADDENDA AND COKRIGENDA, Page 327. BOODON. Theleus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1898, p. 482. Add :— Page 332. Boodon lineatus. Bowdon lineatus, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvi. 1894, p. 727 ; Bocage, Herp. — p- 78 (1895). 2 (Se. 29, 81 F sbs: 228, 219; ©, 49° 48, 51) & yg. (Se. 29, 97,31, 29; V. 230,201, 212, 208;'C.?, 62, 66, ig 27 ; NS & yg. ( 27 ; V. 198 Ee 50, 53 ) ce. ae a 83; V. 249; ee Ye. (Sc. 31, 29; V. 229, 215; : 0. 55, 64). Sf. Ad., head and neck. 99: Yg. (Sc, 81; V. 220; CO. 55). Add :— m-o. & (Se. 25, 27; V. 198, 189; C. 55, 52) & yg. (Se 25; V. 188; C. 53). Add :— ; Zomba, Brit. C. Africa. PL H. Johnston Ngatana, E. Africa. MD . W. Gregory ee ee: Maka, Kapti Dr. J. W. Gregory PI, [ Piolana, Senegambia. 4 itching, Esq Uganda. ee lliot, Esq.[P.}. Uganda. »” Jackson, ty Page 336. Boodon olivaceus. Mouth of the Loango., Mo 7 J, Duggan Page 338. Lycophidium laterale., Lycophidium laterale, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 82 (1895). Add :— Page 339. Lycophidium capense. Lycophidium capense, Bocage, Herp, Angola, p. 339 (1895). i. d (A.V. 192; C. 41). k-l,m. 3 (B. V. 190, 186; C. 46, a7) &ye. (A. V. 194; C. 88 nd (B. V. 180; C. 87). o. Yg.(B. V. 163; C. 36), p. Yg. (B. V. ?, ©. 36). q. o (B. V. 180; OC. 34), r. d (C. V. 181; CO, 33). East London, Cape of H. S. Thorne ‘ Good Hope. P., on Zomba, Brit. C, Africa, ae H. Johnston Kariti, E. Africa, Dr. J. W. Gregory Mkonumbi, E. Africa, Dr. _W. Gregory N. Giriama, E, Africa. ped J. W. Gregory Ugogo. axter ie Prt ‘Va rie Boouge Oaconda, Angola, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 617 Add :— Page 340. Lycophidium irroratum. Alen (Lycodon) nigromaculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1863, p. 288. h-l. 3 (V. 168; C. 34), Niger. . W. H. Crosse, Esq. Q (V. 165, 169; ©. 36, [P.]. 32), & hgr. (V. 169 ; O. 41). Add:— Page 342. Lycophidium semicinctum. B. (Var. albomaculata.) e-h. 3 (V. 190, 188; C. Bissao. V. H. Cornish, Esq. 46, 47), 2 (V.200; ©. (P.]. 86), & yg. (V. 189 ; O. i-k. 3 te ia C. 47) & Bolama, Senegambia. R. Kitching, Es 2 (V. 20 : 0. 34), [Py The 2 from Bolama measures 630 millim. D. (Intermediate between B and C.) a. d (V. 199; C. 55). Niger. W. he Crosse, Esq. , [P.]. Adds 2 Page 344. Hormonotus modestus. e-f. 2 (B. V. 234,231; Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan C. P, 83). [C.]. Add:— Page 345. Simocephalus capensis. ? Simocephalus guirali, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 84 (1895). b,c. d (V. 212; C.54) Zomba, Brit.C. Africa. Sir H. H. Johnston & 2 (V. 222; C. 47). [P.]. yy. pied Page 346. Simocephalus guirali. ce. Her. 2 (V. 246; Mouth of the Loango. Mr. H. J. Duggan O. 64), ; fo. gg Page 347, Add two species :— 3a. Simocephalus chanleri. Simocephalus chanleri, Stejneger, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xvi. 1894, p- 726. Rostral visible from above, its depth two thirds its width ; inter- nasals slightly broader than long, two thirds the length of the pre- frontals ; frontal as long as broad, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five 618 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are considerably larger than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, all strongly keeled. Olive-grey above, yellowish beneath. Island Manda, N. of Lamu, E. Africa. 36. Simocephalus crossii. ony © pe crossii, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 33. Eye moderately large. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+3,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are short, like the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 234; anal entire; subcaudals 53. Blackish above and on the outer end of the ventrals, yellowish white beneath. Total length 410 millim.; tail 50. Niger. a. 2 (V. 284; C. 53). Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. (Type.) Add :— Page 351. Lycodon jara. h. 2 (V. 183; C. 68). Bengal P Dr. Cantor. Add :— Page 354. Lycodon aulicus. D. kk-ll. 8 (V. 190; C. 72) & Luzon. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. _ & (V. 196; C. 55). | Add :-— _ Page 357. Lycodon stormi. a. 2 (V. 220; C. 73), Buol, Celebes, as FE & F. Sarasin Add :— Page 357. Lycodon albofuscus. c. Hgr. (V. 234; C.177). Rejang R., Sarawak, Rajah Brooke [P.]. Add :— Page 358. Lycodon fasciatus. ce. Hgr. 2 (V. 201; ©. Shillong, Assam. H. M. Phipson, Esq. 74). Bp! Add:— Page 360. Lycodon subcinctus. m. 9 (V. 207; 0.65). Muching, Sarawak, Rajah Brooke [P.]. n. Yg. (V. 205; C. 67), Sandakan, N. Borneo, Dorp Cator, Esq. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 619 Add «= Page 361. Dinodon rufozonatus. Dinodon rufozonatus, Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1895, p. 108 (Loo Choo Ids.). : Add :-— Page 363. Dinodon septentrionalis. Dinodon septentrionalis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1898, p. 824, e. Hgr. (A. V. 210; C. 87). Cobapo, Karin hills. M. L. Fea [C.]. Add :— Page 364. STEGONOTUS. Stegonotus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 197. Add :— Page 367. Stegonotus modestus. m. Yg. (V. 193; C. 76). Trobriand Ids. Mr. Meek [C.]. Page 367. Add two species :— 3a. Stegonotus guentheri. Ree guentheri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 31. Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal about twice as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 180-197; anal entire; subcaudals 75 pairs. Black or blackish brown above, turning to pale brown on the sides ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total Jength 1150 millim.; tail 230. S.E. New Guinea. a-c. 6 (V. 197; C.?) & 9 Fergusson Id. Mr. Meek [C.}. (V. 180, 193; C. 75, ?). (Types.) 36. Stegonotus reticulatus. Stegonotus modestus (non Schleg.), Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 120 (1894). —— reticulatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 31. Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fifth to one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the 620 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 7 parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; two pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth 3 and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with ‘ the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 200-203; anal entire; subcaudals 75-78 pairs. Pale greyish brown above, white on the sides, each scale edged with black; head uniform black above; lower parts white. Total length 1140 millim; tail 250. The largest specimen, with mutilated tail, measures 1080 millim. from snout to vent. , 8.E. New Guinea. a-b, 2 (V. 203, 201 ;. C. ?, 78). Fergusson Id. Mr. Thee 4F ce. od (V. 200; C. 75). New Guinea. (Types Add ;— Page 369. DRYOCALAMUS. » Hemidipsas, Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 181 (1858). Add:— Page 371. Dryocalamus subannulatus. Hemidipsas ocellata, Giinth. Cat. p. 182 (1858). c. 2 (V. 225; C. 88). —? Zoological Society. (Type of H. ocellata.) d. 2 (V. 282; C, 95), Singapore. H. iP] Ridley, Esq. Add:— Page 373, Dryocalamus tristrigatus. b. 3 (V. 231; C. 93). Claudetown, Baram R., OC. Hose, Esq. [C.] Sarawak. e. d (V. 229; C. 96). Mt. nale, Sarawak, OC, Hose, Esq. [C.]. d. 3 (V. 281; 0.98), Labuan. — A, Everett, E {0}. é@ 2 (V. 219; C, 91). Great Natuna Id. C, Hose, Esq. [C.]. Ad Page 373. PSEUDASPIS. Ophirhina, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb, viii. 1882, p. 300. Add :— Page 373, Pseudaspis cana. Coluber elegantissimus, Laur. Rept. p. 96 (1768). — ocellatus, Gmel. 8S. N. i. mits (1788). Ophirhina anchietw, Bocage, 1. c. Coronella cana, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, op 525. Pseudaspis cana, Bocage, Herp, Angola, p. 100, pl. x. (1895). 8. 0% (Se. 25; V. 186; Caconda, Angola, ‘oe B. du Bocage t. Xe. ( (Se. 27; V.194; S, Africa, obsistiania Museum, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 621 u-v. 9 (Se. 29, 27; V. Victoria West. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk 206, 207; C. 50, P). [F. beat ilies 27; V. 183; Zomba, Brit. C. Africa, be . H. Johnston a. 3 (Se. 27; V. 185; Chiradzulu, Brit. C. sit iy H. Johnston C, 50). Africa. pf.) Add :— Page 377. Zaocys carinatus. Zaocys carinatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiii. 1893, p. 324. Add :— Page 378. Zaocys fuscus. f-g. 3 (V. 193, 196; E. coast of Sumatra. Mrs. Findlay [P.]. C. 163, 169). h. 3 (V. 188; C. ?). Mere Sarawak, OC. Hose, Esq. [C.]. t. % 3 (V. 194; C. ?). Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. Ada:— Page 379. ZAMENIS. Hemidryas, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 394. Acanthocalyx, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 204. Tylanthera, Cope, J. c. p. 205. Ada Page 383. Zamenis dipsas. Ahzetulla (Hemidryas) dipsas, Peters § Doria, l. ¢. p. 392, fig. Add — _ Page 385. Zamenis korros. gq. 6 (V. 162; CO. 127). Taipang, Perak. 8. Flower,Esq. [P.]. Add :-— Page 386. Zamenis mucosus. ¢ Yg.(V.191; C. 107). Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 387. Zamenis constrictor. Zamenis stejnegerianus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1895, p. 678. — conirostris, Cope, J. c. p. 879. s. 2 (V. 178; ©. 85). S. Francisco. Christiania Museum. Eight upper labials and two superposed loreals, Add :-— Page 388. Zamenis lineatus. errr flavigularis, part., Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 120 ee? : Ad aus Page 389. Zamenis mentovarius. Zamenis flavigularis, part., Giinth, 1. ¢. 622 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Add :— Page 390. Zamenis flagelliformis. Bascanium flagellum frenatum, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun, no, 7, pt. ii, p- 208 (1893). —— flagellum, Stejneger, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1895, p. 595. Add :— Page 391. Zamenis teniatus. Zamenis semilineatus, Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept., p. 121, Pl xlvi. fig. A (1894), —— ornatus, Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 122, pl. xlvi. fig. B. —— lateralis fuliginosus, Cope, ‘Am, Nat. 1895, p. 679, Add:— Page 392. Zamenis pulcherrimus. ahr tag lemniscatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 203, Add:— Page 392. Zamenis mexicanus. Bascanium mexicanum, Cope, J. ¢. p. 203, jee Page 394, Zamenis grahamia. h. Yg. (V.179; C. 108). Amula, Guerrero. A i ma. 4H. viman Ee Tee b ; Var. hexalepis. Salvadora grahami hexalepis, Stejneger, N. Am. Faun. no, 7, pt. ii, p. 205, pl. iii. fig. 2. In this form the eye is sometimes separated from the labials by a series of suboculars. Ada:— Page 394. Zamenis spinalis. e. Yg. (V. 206; C.90). Chefoo. Add:— Page 395. Zamenis gemonensis. Zamenis gemonensis, Mind-Palumbo, Nat. Sicil. xii, 1892, 1? ; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u, Herzeg. ii. p. 624 (1894) ; Méhely, Zool. Anz, 1894, p. 84. A. w. Hgr. 2 (Se. 19; V. Dalmatia, Christiania Mus, 179; CG. 98). 2. ok (Sc. 19; V. 209; Sicily. Christiania Mus. B. (Var. caspius.) d. g (Sc. 19; V. 197; Salonica. J. Southgate, E C. 107). SAGs [P.}. ae eon ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 623 Add :— Page 397. Zamenis dahlii. Zamenis dahlii, Tomasint, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p, 627 (1894). m. Hgr. (V. 210; C. 112). Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [E.]. Add :-— Page 398. Zamenis rhodorhachis. Zamenis ladacensis, var. subnigra, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1893, p. 118. —— rhodorhachis, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 654. y: Yg. (V.229; C.129). Zaila, Somaliland. Capt. Nurse [P.]. Adad:— Page 399. Zamenis ventrimaculatus. Acanthocalyx ventrimaculatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 215. Page 401. Add two species :— 17a. Zamenis rogersi. Zamenis rogersi, Anders. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xii. 1893, p. 439. Allied to Z. rhodorhachis and Z. ventrimaculatus, but rostral about half as deep as broad. Ventrals 197-201; anal divided; sub- caudals 95-105. Pale sandy, with a dorsal series of large, light- edged dark spots, alternating on each side with a series of smaller spots; sides of head and neck orange; a dark oblique streak below the eye and an oblique band on the temple ; uniform white beneath, Total length 830 millim. ; tail 215. Lower Egypt. a. Yg. (V. 198; C.95). Deserteast of Helouan, Dr. J. Anderson | near Cairo. [PI b. dg (V. 197; C.105). Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. c. 2 (V. 201; C. 96). Suez. at J Andron P.). (sodA) 17 6. Zamenis brevis. Zamenis brevis, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xv. 1895, pl. iii, fig. 3. Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the preefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two fifths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not in contact with the frontal, with a subocular below it; two post- oculars ; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth enter- ing the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and 7 PY tal = —— i a a0 ~~ 624 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 159 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 76. Pale greyish above, with four longi- tudinal series of pale grey-brown spots, the two vertebral series formed of larger spots which are partly confluent; a blackish spot below the eye; lower parts white. Total length 200 millim. ; tail 47. Ogaden, Somaliland. Page 402. Add a species :— 19a. Zamenis smithii. Zamenis smithi, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 536, pl. xxx. fig. 2. Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the preefrontal ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and two fifths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two suboculars below it; two postoculars; temporals 24+2; nine (exceptionally ten) upper labials, fifth and sixth (or sixth and seventh) entering the eye: four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Ventrals very obtusely angulate laterally, 171-185; anal divided ; subcaudals 100. Uniform pale buff above, pinkish on the sides; a greyish blotch below the eye and another across the temple ; white beneath. Total length 560 millim.; tail 170. Western Somaliland and Gallaland. a. 6 (V.171;C.100). Webi Shebeli. Dr. Donaldson Smith [P.]. (One of the fa 6. 6 (V.171; C.?). |W. of Juba R. Dr. Donaldson Smith [C.}. Ada = Page 403. Zamenis florulentus. 9 logy florulenta, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p- 216. u. ¢ (V.215; ©.?). | Mandara, near Alex- —- Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. andria, v. 2 (V. 217; C. 99). Beltim, Delta, Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Add 3 Page 404, Zamenis gracilis. razed). cinereus, Linn, Mus, Ad, Frid, p. 37, pl. xxiii. fig. 2 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 625 Aaa Page 405. Zamenis ravergieri. Zamenis ravergieri, Méhely, Zool. Anz. 1894, p. 85; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 11. Add:—~ Page 407. Zamenis nummifer. Zamenis nummifer, Peracca, l. ¢. p. 12. s. é tas 23; V. 203; — Beltim, Delta. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. a Yp. (Se. 25; V. 210, Helouan, near Cairo. Dr. A. Fényes [P.]. 213 ; “0. 83, 84), Add :— Page 409. Zamenis algirus. Zamenis algirus, Werner, Verh. zoul.-bot, Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 84. f-h. Q e c. 25; V. 225; Between Batna Aids 97), her. (Se. and Biskra. 25; y 2165 ; A, 2; C. 98), & yg. (Se. 25; V. 216; A. \ we 100). t. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 222; Sfax, Tunisia. Christiania Mus, A. 2; C. 60), Addon Page 409. Zamenis hippocrepis. Zamenis hippocrepis, Mina-Palumbo, Nat. Sicil. xii. 1892, p. 80. g. 9 (Sce.27; V. 287; C.97). Seville. Prof. Calderon [E.]. Add s— Page 411. Zamenis diadema. Zamenis diadema, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 12. mw. 9 (Se.29; V. 242; C.75). Fayed, Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. Waa Page 413. Zamenis microlepis. Zamenis tiie Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xly. 1895, p- 18, pl. iii. fig. 4 VOL. III. 25s 626 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. VOL. II. Aaa — Page 8. DRYMOBIUS. Cacocalyx, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 427. Add :-— Page 13. Drymobius boddaertii. B. ec. d (V. 178; C. 100). ci Redondo, Costa Mr. Underwood [C.}. ica, Ada :-— Page 15. Drymobius rhombifer. h. Yg. (V. 154; C. 86). Chiriqui. J, - ean mplon, Esq. wa cana Esq. [P rY, * pee Page 15. Drymobius bivittatus. b. Hgr. d (V. 145; C. 122). Cali, Colombia, Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg 3200 ft. [0.}. re ee Page 15. Drymobius dendrophis. Drymobius paucicarinatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p, 202, Crossanthera melanotropis, Cope, 7. ¢. p. 203. Add:— Page 17. Drymobius margaritiferus. a margaritiferus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p- 162. Add :— Page 19. Phrynonax sulphureus. P Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lxviii. fig. 3 (1735). ? Coluber See Gmel. §. N. i. p. 1117 (1788). Ada:— Page 20. Phrynonax pecilonotus. d-e. § (V. 202,199; Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- C. 125, 122). berg (C.1. AAA se< Page 22. Phrynonax fasciatus. d. Hgr. (V. 201; C.130). Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- berg [C.]. e. Yg. (V.201; ©. 119). Larecaja, Bolivia. ft. Yg. (V. 195; ©. 118), Aschiquiri, Bolivia. re,» ples Page 22. Phrynonax eutropis. Phrynonax eutropis, Boettg. Bull. Trinid. Club, ii, 1894, p. 85. Trinidad, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. on) bo ™ Add:— Page 24. COLUBER. Aepidea, Hallow. Proce, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 488. Leptophidium, Hadlow, 1. ¢. p. 498. Epiglottophis, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos, Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 204. Add :— Page 32. Coluber corais. C. d. 3 (V. 189; C. 67). N. Carolina. H. Hanauer, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 38. Coluber triaspis. e. Hgr. (Sc. 35; V. 266; C. 87). Yucatan. Ada:— Page 39. Coluber guttatus. Callopeltis guttatus, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xvii. 1894, p. 826. i Add :— Page 47. Coluber teniurus. Coluber teniurus, Boetty. Ber. Senck. G'es. 1894, p. 144. Add -— Page 50. Coluber obsoletus. Coluber obsoletus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 391. yy, ee Page 54. Coluber longissimus. p. & (Se. 23; V.219; Kaposvar, Hungary. Prof. L. v. Méhely [E.}. C. 79). | Page 56. Add.a species :— 29 a. Coluber schmackeri. Coluber schmackeri, Boetty. Ber, Offend. Ver. Nat. 1895, p. 108. Allied to C. moellendorffii, but preocular not reaching the frontal, and scales perfectly smooth. Rostral broader than deep ; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh entering the eye. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 260; anal divided ; subeaudals 104. Greenish grey above, with a dorsal series of W- or X-shaped blackish markings ; tail with four black stripes ; yellowish beneath, spotted and mottled with blackish. Total length 2080 millim.; tail 445. Loo Choo Islands. Pe ees Page 57. Coluber oxycephalus. Aepidea robusta, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 488. o. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 286; Catanduanes Id.,S.E. Whitehead Exped. ©. 129). Luzon. p. 2 (Se. 25; V. 247; Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. C. 182). 282 628 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Adda :-— Page 59. Coluber quadrivirgatus. Leptophidium dorsale, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 498. oY es Page 63. Coluber erythrurus. A h. Yg. (V. 211; C. 92). Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. t. Hgr. (V.225; C. 94). Tavi-Tavi, Sooloo Ids. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. ada:— Page 73. Herpetodryas carinatus. Zaocys tornieri, Werner, Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, 1896, p. 15, pl. i. fig. 1. A. e. do (V. 159; C. 129), Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. f. & (V. 149; C. 111). Buenaventura, Colombia. Mr. W. F.H. Rosen- berg [C.}. In the latter specimen, the lateral scales and the outer ends of the ventrals, on the anterior half of the body, vermilion red. C n. fd (V. 185; C. 177). R. Ucayale, Dr. E, A. Géldi [P.}. oy ee Page 76. Herpetodryas fuscus. F. Brick-red above, bright orange beneath. a. 3 (V. 163; O. 114). Para. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. Ada Page 76. Herpetodryas melas. a. 2 (V.154;C.?), Matagalpa, Nicuragua, Dr. E. Rothschuh [C.]. aa os! Page 79. Dendrophis pictus. mn. o (V.172; ©. 149). Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. p. 9 (V. 173; O.P). Tavi-Tavi, Sooloo Ids. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. a. 2 (V. 176; C. 140), Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Bsq. CC. h r. 2 (V,156; C. 188), Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. Add:— Page 80. Dendrophis calligaster. Dendrophis punctulatus, part., Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p- 120 (1894). E. a | 3d (V. 182,181; C. 144, Fergusson Id., Brit. | Mr. Meek [C.]. US ok (V. 188, 184; New Guinea. 1. 146, ?). r-s. 2 (V. 187,181; ©. 146, Trobriand Ids., Brit. | Mr. Meek [C.}. 146), New Guinea. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 629 Add :-— Page 83. Dendrophis punctulatus. Elaps lewisii, Gray, in Grey’s Trav. Austral. ii. p. 444 (1841). Dendrophis bilorealis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. viii. 1883, p. 435, & ix, 1884, p. 549. —— punctulatus, Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 110 (1894). C. Black above, olive or blackish beneath, with the exception of the chin and throat, which are white ; ventral keels whitish. (D. bilorealis, Macleay.) a. 2 (V. 201; C. 120). Queensland. Christiania Mus. Add :-— Page 84. Dendrophis formosus. Dendrophis pictus, Boettg. in Semon, op. cit. p. 123. g- 2 (V. 185; C. 144). Sandakan, N. Borneo. Peas Cator, Esq. Sa: h. Agr. (V. 183; C.144). Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. Ada Page 86. Dendrophis lineolatus. Dendrophis punctulatus, part., Boetig. in Semon, op. cit. p. 120. k-o. 3 (V. 202,201; C. Fergusson Id., Brit. Mr. Meek [C.]. 137, 183), 9 (V. 196; New Guinea. C. 143), hgr. (V. 195; C ey & yg. (V. 202; si Page 86. Add a species :— 8 a. Dendrophis meeki. Dendrophis meeki, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 82. Maxillary teeth 32 or 33. Hye very large, as long as its distance from the centre or the anterior border of the nostril. Rostral nearly twice as long as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and two thirds or twice as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows, vertebrals about as large as outer. Ventrals 170-178; anal divided; subcaudals 1389-147. Dark olive above; upper lip white, sharply limited above by a black line passing through the eye; lower parts pale olive, more or less freckled with darker. Total length 1160 millim. ; tail 420. Fergusson Id., British New Guinea. a-d. & (V. 174; C.147) FergussonId. Mr. Meek[C.] (Types.) & 2 (V. 175,178, 170; C. 141, 146, 139). 630 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Ada :— Page 89. Dendrelaphis tristis. Her. (V. 176; C. 180). Ceylon. Dr. Bowles [P.}. Loreal absent on the left side. = Add:— Page 89. Dendrelaphis caudolineatus. : Dendrophis picta, Motley § Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 46, pl. — (1855). Re © (V. 180; C. 106). Sandakan, N. Borneo. a aaa Esq. ry Ween Page 91. Dendrelaphis terrificus. e. 9, head & tail. Albay, 8. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. re! ome Page 91. Dendrelaphis modestus. e-d. : (V. 186, 190; C. Halmaheira. Prof. Kikenthal [0.]; P, 121). Senckenberg Mus. [E. }. é. Her. (V. 185; C.121). Batjan. Prof. Kiikenthal [C.] ; Senckenberg Mus. [E.]. Page 91. Add a species :— 6. Dendrelaphis papuensis. Dendrelaphis papuensis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 409. Maxillary teeth 21 or 22. Eye as long as its distance from the nostril. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior, Seales in 13 rows. Ventrals 185-190; anal divided; subcaudals 119-126. Olive-brown above, head and neck dark, blackish; a black streak on each side of the head:and neck, passing through the eye; upper lip white; vertebral scales on anterior part of body lighter, edged with whitish in front; ventrals and subcaudals pale olive. Total length 1050 millim.; tail 310, Trobriand Ids., British New Guinea, a-e. d (V. 190; C. 119) TrobriandIds. Mr. Meek [C.]. (T & 9 (V. 188, 188, 185, [C.]. (Types.) 185; ©. ?, 124, 126, 126). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 631 Add 25 Page 93. Chlorophis ornatus. Philothamnus ornatus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 98, pl. xii. fig. 1 - (1895). Adare Page 94. Chlorophis neglectus. m-n. d (V.149; C. 97) Zomba, Brit. C. Sir H. H. Johnston & 2 (V.155; ©. 84). Africa. [P.}. 0. 6 (V. 152; C. 87). Mandals, Brit. ©. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. frica. p. SF. 188; CaF. Witu, E. Africa. F.J. Jackson, Esq. [P.] dd Page 95. Chlorophis heterolepidotus. vag = gracillimus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 5 piticthamnus heterolepidotus, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 88 (1895). Adavic _ Page 96. Chlorophis irregularis. ? Coluber ceesius, Cloquet, Dict. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 201 (1818). Chlorophis guentheri, Giinth. 1. ¢. shirana, Giinth. 1. c. Philothamuus irregularis, Bocage, J. c. p. 85, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1895). y. @ (V. 162; C. 112). Mandala, Brit. C. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. Africa. zy. 2 (V.171; C.102) Lower Niger. W.H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. "ae yg. (V. 170, 158, 175; C. 108, 123, 117). , Add :-— Page 98. Chlorophis heterodermus. Philothamnus heterodermus, Bocage, l. c. p. 89. 1. Hgr. 2 (V. 157; C. 80). Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. Ada:— Page 99. Philothamnus semivariegatus. Philothamnus kirkii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 528. bocagii, Gunth. 1. ¢. semivariegatus, Bocage, l. c. p. 90, pl. xiii. fig. 2. a. o (V. 189; C. 157). Upper Shiré R. Sir H. H. Johnston [P.]. aa we Page 101. Philothamnus dorsalis. _ Philothamnus dorsalis, Bocage, 1. c. p. 92, pl. xiii. fig. 1. Sf. & (V. 167; C. 126). Lower Congo. Rev. J. Pinnock [C.]. Add:— Page 103. Gastropyxis smaragdina. q. d (V. 162; CO. 157). Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. 632 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Page 104, Add a genus :— 69 a. RHAMNOPHIS. Rhamnophis, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 129, and Zool, Rec. 1864, p. 122. Crypsidomus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 309. Maxillary teeth 20 to 23, the three last longest and separated from the rest by an interspace ; anterior mandibular teeth feebly enlarged. Head rather short, distinct from neck; eye very large, with round pupil. Body compressed; scales very narrow, smooth or keeled, with apical pits, disposed obliquely, in 17 or 19 rows, vertebral row enlarged; ventrals ey keeled laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Tropical Africa. Might be united with 7'hrasops. 1. Rhamnophis zthiops. Rhamnophis ethiopissa, Giinth. Ann. § Mag N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p- 129, pl. x. Crypsidomus wethiops, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p. 64. Chrysidomus eethiops, Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p- 616. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal bell-shaped, little longer than broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; a pair of very large occipitals may be present ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep; one preocular, in contact with or narrowly separated from the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 158-179 ; anal divided ; subcavdals 140-158. Black above, each scale with a green streak; head pale olive, the shields spotted and edged with black ; yellowish or pale olive beneath, outer ends of ventrals green, edged with black ; subcaudals with three black streaks. Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 530. Guinea. a. Hgr. (V.175; C. 152), W. Africa, (Type b. 2 WW. 158; C. 140). Liberia. Di. Bultkotr [0 ce. Hgr.(V. 159; C. ?). Sierra Leone. Sir A. Te d. 2 (V. 179; 0. 158). Fernando Po. Dr. Statham [P. e. d (V. 169; C. 141). Gaboon. 2. Rhamnophis jacksonii. Thrasops jucksonii, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 528. Differs from the preceding in the larger rostral, which is but little broader than deep, the shorter loreal, three postoculars, ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 633 temporals 1+ 1, and scales keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 198; subcaudals 188. Uniform black above and beneath. Total length 1670 millim. ; tail 500. East Africa. : a, Ad., skin (V. 198 ; Kavirondo. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P. ]. C, 138). (Type. ) key cl Page 111. Leptophis bilineatus. f. & (V. 158; C. 148). Buenaventura, Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg Colombia. [C.]}. Page 111. Add a species :-— 8a. Leptophis ultramarinus. Leptophis ultramarinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 208. Eye as long as its distance from the rostral. Preeocular reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials ; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows, five median rows keeled. Ventrals feebly augulate, 168; anal divided ; subcaudals 176. Uniform ultramarine-blue above, silvery white below and on the outer scales and upper lip. Total length 1050 millim. ; tail 425. Pazu Azul, Costa Rica. Pee pe Page 111. Leptophis occidentalis. Leptophis occidentalis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. |xiii. fig. 1 (1895). k. Q (V. 181; C. 176). Brit. Honduras. Add: Page 112. Leptophis nigromarginatus. Leptophis nigromarginatus, Bocourt, l. c. p. 826, pl. lxiii. fig. 3. t. 9 (V: 150; °C. 184). Rio Ucayatle. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]. Katee Page 118. Leptophis liocercus. Leptophis aheetulla, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 821, pl. lxii. fig. 2. lhiocercus, Bocourt, 1. c. p. 823, pl. lxil. fig. 3. —— marginatus, Bocourt, l. c. p. 824, pl. xiii. fig. 4. o-p, q-r. 3 (V. 161, 149; C. 146, Rio Ucayale. Dr. E. A. Géldi [P.]. \ 126) & 9 (V. 175, 151; ©. 156, 134). Add :— Page 118. DROMICUS. Monobothris, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 841. Halsophis, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos, Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 201. 634 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Add :— Page 122. Dromicus sanct#-crucis. e-h. g (V. 173,176; C.?, 121), Mona. Hr. W. Wolterstorff [P.]. 2 (V. 177; C. 118), & yg. (V. 170; C. 123). ny Page 126. LIOPHIS. , Opheomorphus, Fitzing. in Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 50 (1846). Echinanthera, Cope, Amer. Nat. 1894, p. 841. ry ps Page 129. Liophis triscalis. Seba, Thes. ii. pl. lii. fig. 4, & pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1735). Coluber corallinus, Linn. Mus, Ad, Frid. p. 33 (1754). kan Page 136. Liophis viridis. f. o (V. 165; C. 68). Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. Adda :— Page 136. Liophis typhlus. Philodryas crassifrons (non Cope), Boettg. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. lviii. 1885, p. 235. l. 9 (V. 165; C.?). Paraguay. Add :-— Page 143. Liophis flavilatus. Rhadineea flavilatus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, pp. 202 & 217. ; Add :— Page 147. Xenodon colubrinus. t. ¢ (V. 143; C.?). Hacienda Rosa de Jericho, Dr. E. Rothschuh Nicaragua, (C.]. Ada -— Page 155. Heterodon platyrhinus. Heterodon platyrhinus, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 393. Page 158. Aporophis lineatus. Erase from the synonymy :— Lygophis dilepis, Cope, and add :— Coluber atratus, part., Gmel. 8. N. i. p. 1108 (1788), Aporophis lineatus, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no, 195, p. 16, Page 158. Add a species :— la. Aporophis dilepis. Lygophis dilepis, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1862, p. 81. Aporophis ag Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 191; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, x. 1895, no, 195, p. 15. Closely allied to A. lineatus, Agreeing in the number (19) of ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 635 rows‘of scales and in the coloration ; differing in the shorter tail (4—44 times in the total length). Ventrals 165-179 ; subcaudals 71-93. Yellowish olive above, with a reddish-brown, black-edged vertebral stripe three scales wide, and a narrower, black lateral stripe ; three anda half outer rows of scales, upper lip, and lower parts uniform yellow. Total length 490 millim.; tail 120. Paraguay. | a, fo (V.179; C.71). Rio Apa, N. Paraguay. Dr. Borelli (C.]; Turin Mus. [E. ]. Add :-— Page 160. RHADINABA. Teeniophallus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, xviii. 1895, p. 201. yr Lee Page 171. Rhadinza genimaculata. ce. fd (V. 207; C. 71). Marajo, nr. Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.]. Add :-— Page 172. Rhadinza serperastra. a. Yg. (V. 169; C. 60). La Palma, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [C.]. Add =~ Page 174. Rhadinza undulata. pieree eas nicagus, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p. 217. Add:— Page 176. Rhadinza occipitalis. g-h. & (V. 162, 165; C. 77,79). Yungas, Bolivia. Add :— Page 179. Rhadinza vittata. n. Hgr., A. (V. 165; C. 85). Omilteme, Guerrero. F. D. Godman, Esq. Pt o. Yg., B. (V. 164; C.116). Omilteme, Guerrero. F. D. Godman, Esq. p. Hgr., C. (V. 180; C. 111). S. Mexico. F, » “Godman, Esq. P.). gq. Yg.,C. (V. 150; C. 180). Mezquital del Oro, Dr. A. C. Buller Zacatecas. [C.]. Page 179. Add a species :— 24a. Rhadineza pulveriventris. Kye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; 636 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 132; anal divided ; subcaudals 66. Reddish brown above; a black lateral line between the fourth and fifth rows of scales, edged above with yellowish on the anterior part of the body; this line widens on the neck and head, and, passing through the eye, joins its fellow on the end of the snout; upper lip white; belly pinkish yellow, finely speckled all over with blackish, Total length 430 millim.; tail 140. Costa Rica. a. 2 (V. 182; C. 66). Azahar de Cartago. Mr. Underwood [C.}. AAAs Page 182. Urotheca lateristriga. e. Yg. (V. 185; C. 117). Costa Rica. 4. 3d be 182, 134; La Palma, Costa Rica. Mr. Underwood [C.]. . 91, 101). Ada:— Page 183. Urotheca elapoides. Erythrolamprus venustissimus, spec. w, Giinth. Cat. p. 48 (1858). k. dg, A. a. (V. 128; C. 102). Mexico. Mr. H., Finck [C.}. l. 9, A. 6. (V. 184; C.?). Atoyac, Guerrero. FF. D. Godman, Esq. Pohi. m. Yg., A. b. (V.124; C.114). Belize. i n. 9,A:6.(V. 188; C.?). Pam. J. P.G. Smith, Esq. P.). o. 2, C..6 broad black rings Yucatan. eo on the body (V. 134; C.?). BAA ioe Page 184. Urotheca bicincta. d. Yg. (Se. 19; V.179; Para. Dr. E. A. Goldi [P.}. C. 74). g Aaa: Page 185. Trimetopon gracile. ec. d (V. 182; C. 63). Turrialba, Costa Rica. Mr, Underwood [C.]. Page 185, Add a species :— 2. Trimetopon pliolepis. Trimetopon pliolepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 201. Apparently closely allied to, and possibly identical with, 7’. gracile. The only important difference seems to be in the number of rows of scales, viz. 17 instead of 15. Ventrals 154; subcaudals 69. Coloration more obscure, Total length 287 millim. ; tail 76. San José, Costa Rica. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 637 Add :— Page 186. Dimades plicatilis. Pseuderyx plicatilis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 802, pl. lx. fig. 7 (1895). : —— plicatilis, var. anomalolepis, Bocourt, J. c. p. 804, pl. lx. fig. 6. Page 186. Add a species :— 2. Dimades mimeticus. Pseudoeryx mimeticus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p- 95. Head-shields as in D. plicatilis. Ventrals 163; subcaudals 35. Dorsal region brown for a width of five and two half rows of scales ; sides on the third and fourth, and half of the second and fifth rows, marked with a black band, which extends from the eye to the end of the tail and is edged with yellow above ; a yellow band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lips black, yellow-spotted; below yellow with two small brown spots on each ventral shield and one on each caudal. Total length 490 millim.; tail 56. Mamoré R., Eastern Bolivia. Adee Page 187. Hydrops triangularis. Pseuderyx triangularis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 806, pl. Ix. tig. 5 (1895). Add :— Page 187. Hydrops martii. Pseudoeryx callostictus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiii. 1886, . 108 Pseuderyx martii, Bocourt, J. c. p. 805, pl. lx. fig. 4. ‘had Page 192. Coronella austriaca. Coronella austriaca, Sarauw, Natur. og Mennesk. xii. 1894, p. 379; Loennberg, Biol. Centralbl. xv. 1895, p. 672, figs. bb. 2 (V.178; C. 41). Brasso, Hungary. Prof. L. v. Méhely [E.]. ec. 3 (V. 174; C. 58). Friesach, Carinthia. Hr. F. Henkel [F.]}. Add :— Page 194. Coronella amaliz. n. 2 (V. 185; C. 57). Oran. M. Doumergue [ E.]. In the shape of the rostral intermediate between C. girondica and amalie. Snout pointed and very prominent. Add :-— _ Page 197. Coronella regularis. b-d. 3 (V.181; C. 66), Lower Niger. W. H. Crosse, Esq. [P.]. @ (V. 180; C. 68), & yg. (V. 182; C. 68). 638 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 197. Coronella getula. pamoge getulus, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p- : Page 198. Coronella getula, C. Erase * C. california.” And add :— g. Yg. (Se. 23; V. 230; 8S. Bernardino, Mr. R. Douglas [0. }. C. 47). : California, pac. Page 204. Coronella micropholis. A. h. 2 (Se. 21; V. 202; Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.}. C. 43), ss ie B. u. A (Se. 21; V. 229; Matagalpa, Nica- Dr. E. Rothschuh [€.]. raga. v. 2 “(be 21; V. 224; a Costa Mr, Underwood [C.]. 47). ica wee (Se.19; V.215; Cali, Colombia, wr W.F. H. Rosenberg 45 . 45). 8200 ft. [0;]. x. Yg. (Se. 21; V. 221; Zaruma, Ecuador. Mr. Gunter [C.]. C, 44). Ada :—= Page 205. Coronella doliata. Osceola elapsoidea, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 825, Adds Page 206. Coronella punctata. Diadophis punctatus, Loennberg, 1. ¢. p. 825. AA, Page 208. Coronella amabilis. g. 2 (V. 207; 0.54). 8. Bernardino, Cali- Mr. R, Douglas [C. ]. fornia, Page 208. Add a species :— 17 a. Coronella arnyi. Diadophis arnyi, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1859, p. 99 —— punctatus, var. arnyi, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 72 (1883), Agrees with OC, regalis in the number (17) of scales, with C. pun- ctata in the low number of ventrals (142-161). Kansas, Missouri. a~b. gd (V. 142; C. 35) & St. Louis Co., Missouri. 2 (V. 161; C, 40), ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 639 Add :— Page 208. Coronella regalis. Erase ‘* Diadophis arnyi” from the synonymy. Page 211. Add a genus :— 89a. DREPANODON. Cleelia (non Fitz.), Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 92 (1863). Drepanodon, Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. xi, 1896, no, 231, p. 3. 7 to 10 small maxillary teeth increasing in length, followed, after an interspace, by two large, compressed teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with or without apical pits, in J5 (or 17) rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. South America. 1. Drepanodon anomalus. Cleelia anomala, Jan, l. c., and Icon. Gén. 35, pl. i. fig. 4 (1870). Oxyrhopus anomalus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1891, p. 347. Drepanodon anomalus, Peracca, l. c. p. 8. stigmaticus, Peracca, l. ¢. p. 5. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal very small or absent ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 242; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields as long as or shorter than the anterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 150-169; anal entire; subcaudals 67-77. Yellowish above, each scale with a black terminal dot; upper surface of head and nape black, with a whitish collar; uniform yellowish white beneath. Upper Amazon. 2. Drepanodon ? flavitorques. Liophis flavitorques, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 307. Rostral projecting and well visible from above; frontal very broad, with a long produced posterior angle; loreal deeper than long ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; chin-shields short. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 188; anal divided; subcaudals 105. Uniform dark brown above, with a broad yellow half-collar crossing the posterior half of the. parietal shields and two rows of scales ; below dirty yellowish. Total length 440 millim. ; tail 140. Magdelen River, Colombia. 640 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :-— Page 214. Cemophora coccinea. Cemophora coccinea, Loennberg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. 1894, p- $21. Ada -— Page 218. Simotes purpurascens. Simotes purpurascens, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xiv. 1894, p- 616. sigh purpurascens, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1895, p- 200. rer AS Page 222. Simotes formosanus. e-d. d (V. 172; C. 48) C. Formosa. Mr. Holst [C,). & yg. (V. 162; C. 46), rv Page 222. Simotes violaceus. Holarchus dolleyanus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 428, pl. x. Go: 1 (1605). alana Pee py ae Page 224. Simotes octolineatus. B. e. do (V. 155; C. 47). Taiping, Perak. S. Flower, Esq. [P.]. Vertebral line scarlet, others white. D. Intermediate between B & C. a-b. g (V. 161, 161; Sandakan, N. Borneo. Douglas Cator, Esq. ©. 44, 43). [P.]. Add :-— Page 225. Simotes phenochalinus. F. 2 (V. 162; ©, 35). Mt. Benguet, N. | Whitehead Exped. Luzon. g. Yg. (V. 156; ©. 38). Isabella, N.E. Luzon. Whitehead Exped, Add :-— Page 239. Oligodon everetti. b-c. 3 (V. 138; 0.65) Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. & 2 (V. 145; 0.61). Add :— Page 242. Oligodon sublineatus. p. 2 (V. 161; C. 27). Punduloya. E. E. Green, Esq. [P.]. Page 245, Add a species :— 16a, Oligodon schadenbergii. Oligodon schadenbergi, Boettg. Abh. Mus, Dresd, 1894-95, no. 7, p. 4 (1895). << sit ; See 7. 7 . ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 641 Near O. vertebralis, but snout shorter and blunter, frontal twice and a half to thrice as broad as the supraocular, loreal smaller, and suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre- - frontals, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145-147; anal divided ; subcaudals 38-39. Dark grey above, with very small white, black- edged spots ; head-markings as in O. vertebralis ; orange beneath. Total length 310 millim.; tail 52. Busuanga, Calamianes, Philippines. Add :-— Page 248. Prosymna frontalis. Prosymna frontalis, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 98, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1895). Add :-— Page 248. Prosymna ambigua. Prosymna ambigua, Bocage, J. c. p. 99, pl. xi, fig. 1. Add :— Page 249. Prosymna meleagris. c-d. 2 (V. 148; C. 34) Weghbe, Togoland. W. G. Innes, Esq. & yg. (V. 149; C. 31). [C.]. Add :-— Page 249. LEPTOCALAMUS. ? Enulius, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1871, p. 558. Page 250. Leptocalamus torquatus. Add :— ? Enulius murinus, Cope, l. c.; Giinth. Biol. C-Am., Rept. p. 157 (1895). Enulius torquatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 205. b. do (V. 181; C. 103). Guatemala. L. Greening, Esq. [P.]. c. 2 (V. 209; C. 85). L, Nicaragua. Rey. G. E. Henderson | P. |. ‘Aaya Page 251. Leptocalamus sclateri. b. fo (V. 182; C.?). Guasimo, Costa Rica, Mr. Underwood [C.]. Add:— Page 254. Scaphiophis albopunctatus. b. go (Sc. 24; V. 194; Ugogo. Mr. Baxter [C.]. C. 72). Aes Page 258. Contia zstiva. Opheodrys estivus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 817, pl. 1xi. fig. 3 (1895). haa Page 259. Contia vernalis. Cyclophis vernalis, Bocourt, 7. c. p. 815, pl. lxi. fig. 2. VOL, III. 2 642 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 259. Contia agassizii. Is an Opisthoglyphous Snake. See this volume, p. 126 (Pseud- ablabes agassizit). Add :-— Page 261. Contia collaris. im. ¢ (Se.17; V. 171; Tiflis. Tiflis Mus, [E.}. C. 62) & 2 (Sc. 17; V. 176; C. 57). n-o. d (Sc. 15; V. 150; Aresh, Gov. Elizabeth- Tiflis Mus. [E.]. C. 58) & Q (Se. 15; pol. V. 157; C. 54). p. Q (Se. 17; V. 160; C. Mt.Hermon, Palestine. Turin Mus, [E.]. 59). ‘ Page 273. Add a genus :— 101a. SYMPHIMUS. Symphimus, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi. 1869, p. 150. Apparently agreeing with Chilomeniscus, but rostral shield not prominent. Mexico. 1. Symphimus leucostomus. Symphimus leucostomus, Cope, J. ¢. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral’as deep as broad, scarcely visible from above; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal longer than broad, with concave sides, much shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; anterior chin-shields a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Olive-grey above, with a light brown vertebral stripe three scales wide; lips light yellow; belly dirty white. : Total length 800 millim.; tail 250. Chihuiatan, Tehuantepec. ey meee Page 276. Homalosoma lutrix. -u. 3 (V. 119, 116, 118; Uganda. F, J. Jackson ° PC. 97, 81, 34) & 9 (V. are P)}. » Ta 134, 122, 126; C. 28, 19, 22). The head-shields yary considerably, and H. shiranum should be united with H. lutria. . ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 643 Add :-— Page 277. ABLABES. Phragmitophis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p, 58. Entechinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1894, p. 427 (1895). Page 279. Add a species :-— la. Ablabes herminz. Ablabes hermine, Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver, Nat. 1895, p. 110. Snout pointed. Rostral small, a little broader than deep, just visible from above; nasal divided; eye small; suture between the internasals more than half as long as that between the preefrontals ; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly twice as long as deep; one pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth, faintly keeled towards the base of the tail. Ventrals 163; anal divided; subcaudals 58. Grey above, white beneath, the grey extending to the sides of the belly; back dotted with black; some of the scales black-edged; upper lip yellowish white, the shields finely edged with grey. Total length 580 millim. ; tail 107. Loo Choo Islands. Aad Page 281. Ablabes tricolor. Phragmitophis tricolor, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p- 126. : A. 2 (V. 154; C.?). Singapore. H, N. Ridley, Esq, [C.]. Mae snc Page 284. Ablabes longicauda. Ablabes longicauda, Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlvi. 1896, ee Add fe Page 287. Grayia smythii. Grayia smythii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 525. triangularis, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 102 (1895). —— ornata, Bocage, l. ¢. p. 104. n. Head and tail, bad state. Uganda. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.]. Page 288. Add a genus :— 105 a. OLIGOLEPIS. Oligolepis, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 171. Maxillary teeth 30, small, closely set, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head distinct from neck; eye large, with round pupil. 272 644 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, Body cylindrical ; scales finely striated, without pits, oblique, in 13 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long; subcaudals in two rows. East Africa. 1, Oligolepis macrops, Oligolepis macrops, Bouleng. I. c, Eye nearly as long as the snout. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals broader than long, a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 14+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior, Scales in 13 rows on the body, in 4 rows on the tail, Ventrals 148; anal divided; subcaudals 75. Olive above, with rather irregular light cross-bars ; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 215 millim,; tail 57. East Africa. a. Yg. (V. 148; ©, 75). Usambara. (Type.) Add :— Page 290. Abastor erythrogrammus, Duberria ancoralis, Berthold, Abh. Ges, Wiss. Gétting. i. 1848, p. 66, pl. i. figs. 9 & 10. : aye eo parviceps, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxiii, 1854, p- 301. AAA sod Page 291. Farancia abacura. Homolopsis crassa, Blyth, 1. ¢. p. 300. Add:— Page 293. Petalognathus nebulatus. Sibon nebulatus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept, p. 60 (1826). P Leptognathus affinis, Fischer, Verh: Nat. Ver. Bremen, (2) iii. 1879, p. 78, pl. i. fig. 1, . x. 2 (V. 170; ©, 83), Atoyac, Guerrero, Mr. H. H, Smith [C.]; F. D. Godman, Esq. [P.]. Py pee Page 294. TROPIDODIPSAS. Dipeltophis, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1887, p. 58. Pv poe Page 295, Tropidodipsas philippii. Dipeltophis albocinctus, Cope, 1 c. p. 91. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 645 kate Page 296. Tropidodipsas sartorii. ? Leptognathus semicinctus, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 139. ; Adascs Page 299. Dirosema psephotum. a. 9 (V. 164; C. 66). La Palma, Costa Rica. Mole ) 3 mas oe. Page 306. Atractus bocourti. ; b. & (V. 190; C. 36). Canelos, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.]. ec. o (V. 189; CO. 35). Paitanga, Ecuador. Mr. Buckley | C.}. d-e. g (V. 166; C. 30) Yurimaguas, Hual- Dr. Hahnel [C.]. & 2 (V. 182; C. 24). laga R. Rad =a Page 307. Atractus maculatus. c-d. 3 (V. 166, 165; C. Charobamba, Bolivia. 32, 34). e. 2 (V. 165; C. 33). Aschiquiri, Bolivia. F-g. Yg. (V. 164, 162; Yungas, Bolivia. C. 31, 31). Ves ioe ' Page 312. Atractus emmeli. a. 2 (V.161; C. 16). Para. (Dr. E, A. Goldi [P.). b-d. 3 (V. 158; C. 27) Charobamba, Bolivia. & Q (V. 185, 188; C. 24, 26). e & (V. 167; C. 27) Yungas, Bolivia. f. 2 (V. 181; C.2]). Campolican, Bolivia. Page 312. Add a new species :— 19a. Atractus boettgeri. Snout rounded. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals very small; prafrontals a little longer than broad; frontal once and a half as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals, much shorter than the parietals; loreal twice and a half as long as deep; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the single pair of chin-shields, which are elongate and separated from the symphysial. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 177; anal entire; subcaudals 20. Uniform dark brown above; belly yellowish white, spotted with black ; subcaudals black. Total length 350 millim. ; tail 22. Bolivia. a. 2 (V.177; ©. 20). Yungas. 0h Aap ee Page 317. Geophis semidoliatus. k 2 (V. 168; C. 24). Orizaba. 646 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Add :— Page 320. Geophis hoffmanni. h-. PAYS 140, 144; La Palma, Costa Rica, Mr. | Underwood . $2, 36). 7 k. 2 (V. 124; C. 28). Monte Redondo, Costa Mr. BF als Rica. [C.}. Add :— Page 325. STILOSOMA. 8 strong, subequal maxillary teeth. Add :— Page 325. Stilosoma extenuatum. Stilosoma extenuatum, Loennberg, Proc. U.S, Nat, Mus. xvii. 1894, p. 328, figs. a. d (V. 258; C. 40). Orange Co., Florida. a Ras Add:— Page 329. Pseudorhabdium longiceps. m. 2 (V. 140; C, 20). Sarawak. Rajah Brooke [P.]. Pye pee Page 334. Calamaria vermiformis. A. e-d. 9 {V. 167; C. 22) Tandjong, S.E. Borneo. & yg. (V. 188; C. 15). rue é. . 2 (V. 149; Great Natuna Id. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 0. 21). : E. f. 2 (V. 184; C. 16). Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. ret ee Page 335. Calamaria baluensis. b-d. 3 (V.190, 187; Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [0.]. C, $0, 97) & 9 (V. yea. (9) 206; O, 24). Kaa: Page 338. Calamaria bitorques. f Q(V.177; 0.15). Cape Engano, N. Luzon. Whitehead Exped. Page 340. Add a species :— 12a. Calamaria mindorensis, sie mindorensis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p. 481. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; frontal, longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the parietals ; a pre- and a postocular; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth; five upper labials, third and fourth ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 647 entering the eye; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin- shields; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 193; anal entire; subcaudals 15. Brown above, with longitudinal series of black dots; a yellow spot on each side of the neck ; a white spot on each scale of the outer row ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish; a black spot at the outer end of each ventral; a black line along the middle of the tail. Total length 240 millim. ; tail 13. Mindoro, Philippine Islands. a. 9 (V. 1938; C. 15). Mindoro. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) Add :— Page 340. Calamaria virgulata. Calamaria modesta, var. bogorensis, Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. v. p. 126 (1894). Page 343. Add two species :— 18a. Calamaria brookii. Calamaria brookii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xv. 1895, p. 331. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; frontal once and one fourth as long as broad, much shorter than the parietals, thrice as broad as the supraocular ; a preocular and a postocular; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first pair of lower labials forming a suture behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 147; anal entire; sub- caudals 23. Tail obtusely pointed. Yellowish brown above, with five black stripes,.the median the broadest and occupying one scale and two halves; head marbled with black; a black nuchal collar ; two similar black bars on the tail, one at the base, the other near the end; outer row of scales, ventrals, and subcaudals yellowish white, the upper third of the outer scale black, otherwise un- spotted. Total length 220 millim. ; tail 23. Borneo. a. 3 (V. 147; C. 23). Matang. Rajah Brooke [P.]. 186, Calamaria brachyura. Calamaria brachyura, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) xvi. 1895, p- 481 —— anceps, Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlvi. 1896, p. 18. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; frontal longer than broad, more than twice as broad as the supraocular, 648 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. shorter than the parietals; one pre- and one postocular; diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth ; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth smallest ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; two pairs of chin-shields in contact with each other. Scales in 13 rows. Ven- trals 201-210; anal entire ; subcaudals 9. Dark grey-brown above, with six black longitudinal lines, which disappear on the anterior half of the body; two outer. rows of scales black -and white; a narrow yellow cross-band on the nape; head black above, with a small yellow spot on each prefrontal and parietal shield; upper lip white ; lower, parts white, with a black spot at the outer end of each ventral shield; a black line along the middle of the tail. Total length 275 millim. ; tail 8. North Borneo. a. 9 (V. 201; C. 9). Kina Balu. A. Everett, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) Ada :— Page 347. Calamaria borneensis. d. 3 (V. 152; ©. 22). Sarawak, Rajah Brooke [P.}. Add :— Page 350. Calamaria melanota. e. Yg. (V. 182; C. 16). Tandjong, 8.E. Borneo. Add :— Page 355. Dasypeltis scabra. Dasypeltis scabra, var. fasciolata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 451. — fasciolata, Boetig. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1885, p. 14. — scabra, Bocage, Herp. Angola, p. 106 (1895), (Sc. 23; V.229; Freetown, Sierra R. Dinzey, Esq. [P.]. 83). Leone. > B. 6 p. Yg. (Se.28; V.203; Uganda. F. J. Jackson, Esq. O. 54), ics - 7 [P.]. Loti F. | i, g i 23; V.224; Lower Congo. Rey, G. Pinnock [C.]. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 649 VOL. III. Add:— Page 68. Dipsadomorphus pulverulentus. h. 2 (V. 249; C. ?). Wegbe, Togoland. W. G. Innes, Esq. [C.]. Ada: __- Page 91. Leptodira hotambeia. b. oe 21; V.161; Uganda. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. Add :-— Page 119. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri. da, Q (V. 147; C. 67). Uganda. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. Add :— Page 121. Tomodon ocellatus. _Pelias trigonatus, Leybold, Escurs. Pamp. Argent. p. 82 (1873). Add:— Page 140. Trimerorhinus triteniatus. r. 2 (V. 169; C. 63). Uganda. F, J. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. MAde= Page 257. Aparallactus jacksonii. b. 2 (V. 148; C. 33). Uganda. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.]. Total length 245 millim. ; tail 35. Add :-— Page 263. Elapops modestus. | m. & (V.138; C. 44). Wegbe, Togo- W. G. Innes, Esq. [C.]. land. Add:— Page 379. Naia nigricollis (F. typica). k. @ (Se. 22; V. 204; Wegbe, Togo- W. G. Innes, Esq. [C.]}. » 55 g 8 C. 59). land. i. aale =e AW al pie ee ie * atl J oa RRs Ba Lhe ite i) “AL OM, a * Re Oe | 5 engi fume Met at ne eh ae ok ae eer th) ie ee ara a & ae oe 1 F, os Nive etgak unlveliaarnge 1S Seige. iy ae hyo ohh a. carers ane ae . Bee wwe canis y a | “«" C= -< oo ail ss 4, Fp as FAN c2 Re Spee “ 8 apt. | se oF Loot y ao} . fet Sa mi ‘os aria Bae ity mor Ls ahi, 4 oo . a2 4 a i a me “ety ‘Z ontgor f paY: Met aw “Le oipaall ¢ ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE THREE VOLUMES, abacura (Farancia), ii. 291 ; iii. 644. abacurum (Calopisma), ii, 291. abacurus 291. abacurus 291 abacurus (Helicops), ii. 291. abacurus 291. Abastor, ii. 289. abbreviatus (Hydrophis), iii. 301. Ablabes, i. 181, 297, 300, 318; ii. 9, 25, 160, 188, 255, 277 ; iii. 648. Ablabophis, i. 318. abnorma (Coronella), ii. 203. aboma (Boa), i. 94. abyssina (Dasypeltis), ii. 355. (Coluber), ii. (Farancia), ii. (Hydrops), ii. abyssinicum (Homalo- soma), ii. 276. abyssinicum (Lycophi- dium), i. 342. abyssinicus (Rachiodon), li. 355. Acalyptophis, iii. 269. Acalyptus, iii. 269. acanthias (Elapomor- phus), iii. 250, 251, 252. acanthias (Miodon), iii. 250. acanthias (Urobelus), iii 250. Acanthocalyx, iii. 621. Acanthophallus, ii. 144. Acanthophis, iii. 354. acanthophis (Ophryas), iii. 355. Bt acanthophis (Vipera), iii. 355. accedens (Elapomor- phus), iii, 240. . accedens (Typhlops), i. ii. Achalinus, i. 308. Achirina, ii. 255. acontia (Atropos), ili. 560 Acontias, iii. 519. Acontiophide, i. 169, 177. Acontiophis, i. 414. acontistes (Coluber), i. 395. Acrantophis, i. 116, 414. Acrochordidz, i. 169, 172. Acrochordiens, i. 172. Acrochordina, i. 169, 172. Acrochording, i. 172. Acrochordus, i. 173. aculeata (Boa), ili. 356. acuminata (Dryiophis), iii. 192 acuminatus (Coluber), iii. 192. acuminatus (Oxybelis), iii. 192 acuta (Psammophis), iii. 147, 148. acuta (Rhagerrhis), iii. 148. acuticauda (Typhlops), i. 26. acutirostre (Lycoephi- dium), i. 338. acutus (Ancistrodon), iii. 524 acutus (Cerberus), iii. 16. eek Aha mats phlops), eee ‘(Halys), iii, 524. acutus (Ogmius), iii, 229. acutus (Onychocephalus), i. 56. sonia hiasaies oe iii, 1 acutus (Rhamphiophis), iii. 1 acutus (Typhlops), i i. 56. adamantea (Caudisona), iii. 578. adamanteus (Crotalus), iii. 575, 576, 577. Adelophis, i. 285. Adelphicos, 1i. 300. Adeniophis, iii. 400. adnexus (Tretanorhinus), i. 282. adspersus (Dromicus), ii- 120. adspersus (Lycodon), 356. Hchmophrys, iii. aioe wgyptia (Vipera), 503. zgyptia (Walterinnesia), lil, 392. wi sae sana ii Bs hen (Vipera), 503. segyptiacus (Cerastes), iii- 502. git aps (Dipsas), iii. site (Procinura), iii. 212 semulus (Scolecophis), iii. 212. zeneus (Dryinus), iii. 192.. gneus (Dryiophis), iii. gneus (Oxybelis), iii. 192. geneus (Xenodon), ii 150. Aepidea, iii. 627. sequalis (Elapochrus), ii. 183. ii. equalis (Liophis), 183 sequalis (Pleiocercus), ii. 182, 652 aer (Coluber), iii. 6. aer (Homalopsis), iii. 6. aer (Hypsirhina), iii. 7. aeruginosus (Leptophis), ii. 107. wruginosus (Philotham- nus), ii. 107. aesculapii (Oallopeltis), ii. a ii (Coluber), ii. 7; iii. 141, 200. mnculapii(ielarhie), ii. 52. esculapii (Erythrolam- prus), iti. 200. sesculapii (Natrix), iii. 200. sesculapii (Zamenis), ii, 52. sestiva (Contia), ii. 258 ; iii. 641. gestivus (Coluber), ii. 258. zestivus (Oyclophis), ii. 258 ; iii. 641. gstivus (Dryophylax), iii. 128. estivus (Herpetodryas), ii. 15, 258 ; iii. 128. zestivus (Leptophis), ii 258 aestivus (Liopeltis), ii. sestivus (Opheodrys), ii. 258. zestivus (Philodryas), iii. 128. estivus (Phyllophilo- phis), ii. 258. xstivus (Tropidodryas), iii, 128. xthiopissa (Rhamno- phis), iii. 632. wet hiops (Chrysidomus), iii. 632. zethiops (Crypsidomus), iii. 632. sethiops (Rhamnophis), iii. 632. affine (Stenostoma), i. 62. geo? (Bothriopsis), iii ani (Bothrops), iii. affinie (Dromicus), ii. 172, 173. affinis (Drymobius), ii. afinis (Elaps), iii. 423, affinis (Glauconia), i. 62. affinis z (Herpetodryas), ALPHABETICAL INDEX, affinis 528. affinis (Hypsiglena), ii 210, affinis (Leptodira), iii. 95. affinis iii. 6 affinis (Oligodon), ii. 236. affinis (Pituophis), ii, 69. oy (Platurus), iii. (Hypnale), iii. (Leptognathus), 7 affinis (Pseudonaja), iii. 3 ‘affinis (Rhadinea), ii. 172. prt (Simotes), ii. 218. — (Tachymenis), iii. 119. affinis (Trigonocephalus), iii. 525, 545. see {yphlope), i i. 49; affinis ‘(Cropeltis), i i, 137. Ber (Cala:naria), eobeiail (Ablabes), ii. seus (Coluber), 5 agassizii ori ii, 259 ; iii, 1 agassizii ’ (Birenis), ii. 259. agassizii (Helicops), i. 282. agassizii (Nerodia), i. 243. agassizii eer rr iii. 126 agassizii (Rhinechis), ii 65, agilis (Coluber), iii. 200. Agkistrodon, iii. 519. agleeope (Klaps), iii. 423. Aglypha, i. 170. lyphodontes, i. 71, 131, 167, 169 ; iii. 438. Agrophis, ii. 360. tulla, ii. 77, 91, 98, 102, 105, 111. bi (Aheetulla), ii. 1 113. ahsetulla (Coluber), ii. 78, 113. abeetulla (Leptophis), ii. 8, 113. * ahetulla (Natrix), ii, 78. ahetulla (Thrasops), ii 113. Ailurophie; iii, 47. Aipysurus, iii. 303, albertisii enya “ 80. albicans (Boa), i. albifrons (Di morus), iii. 451. albifrons’ (Glauconia), is 63 ; iii. 591. vere (Leptognathus), ii. 451. albifrons (Stenostoma), i. 63 i. 63. — (Typhlops), i. eines {ae phis), abirosti (Liotyphlops), (Rhinoty- phlops), i. 6. albiventer (Ablabes), i. 299. albiventer (Oalamaria), i 336 (Changulia), ii. 336. albiventer (Simotes), ii. 229. se apa ein (Coluber), ii. ii. ‘ albiventer ii. 336 albiventris (OCompsophis), iii. 610 albiventris (Liophis), ii. 130 albocincta (Coronella), ii. 220. albocinetus (Dipelto- phis), iii. 644. albocinctus ( pala ss. thus), ii. 295. er (Ophis), iii, . albocinctus (Simotes), ii, 8, 220, albofusca (Leptodira), iii. 95. albofuscus (Coluber), iii. 95. albofuscus Grondon i. 357 ; iii. albofuscus (Ophites), i. 357. —— (Sphecodes), ae (Trimesurus), ibciacalad * (fypsi- rhina), iii. 11. albomaculata hidium), i. 341 ; “617. albomaculatus (Homa- lopsis), iii. 11. albomaculatus (Lepto- phis), i. 258. albopunctatus (Scaphio- phis), ii. 254, albowelate . (Erythro- lamprus), iii. 201. albovariata (Dendro- phis), ii. 96. albovariata (Philotham- nus), ii. 96. albus (Brachyorrhus), i 305. albus (Coluber), i i. 305. Alecto, iii. 332, 348, 351. alecto (Coluber), ‘iii, 534. algira (Periops), i. 408. algirus (Zamenis), i. 408 ; iii. 625, alkeni (Calamaria), ii. 333 alleghaniensis (Coluber), ii. 50. alleghaniensis. (Elaphis), 40, 50. alleghaniensis rophis), ii. 50. alleghaniensis (Scoto- phis), ii. 50. allenii (Helicops), i 275; iii. 610. (Panthe- allenii (Liodytes), i. 275; 10 iii. 610. Allophis, ii. 25, Alluaudina, iii. 26, 38. almadensis (Liophis), ii. 134 almadensis (Natrix), ii. 134. Alopecion, i. 327, 336. Alopecophis, ii. 25. alpestris (Coluber), ii. 46 alpinus (Coluber), ii, 192, Alsophis, ii. 118. alternans (Brachyor- rhos), iii. 4. alternans (Coluber), ii. 31. alternans (Hurostus), iii. alternans (Hypsirhina), iii. 4 alternans (Leptogna- thys), iii. 456. alternans (Miralia),. iii 4, alternatus (Bothrops), iii. 541. —_ (Coryphodon), ALPHABETICAL INDEX, alternatus (Drymobius), ii. 11. alternatus (Lachesis), iii. 541. alternatus (‘Trigono- cephalus), iii, 541. alticolus (Liophis), ii. 1380. alticolus (Opheomor- hus), ii, 130. altirostris (Elaps), iii. aluensis (Typhlops), i, 27. amabilis (Coronella), ii. 207 ; iii. 638. amabilis (Diadophis), ii. 207 me + ee amabilis (Dromicus), amabilis (Simotes), ii. amaliz (Coronella), ii. 193, 359 ; iii. 637. amaliz (Rhinechis), ii 193 Amastridium, ii. 352. amaura (Lampropeltis), ii. 203. ambigua (Prosymna), ii. 248 ; iii. 641. ambiguus (Coluber), iii 535. ambiniger (Rbynch- onyx), lili. 237. ambinigra (Apostolepis), iii. 237. Amblycephalus, iii. 438, 439, 440. Amblymetopon, ii. 270. Amblyodipsas, iii. 244, 245. amboinense (Rhabdoso- ma), ii. 23 ambreensis _(Pseudoxy- rhopus), iii. 613. amethystina (Boa), i. 83. amethystinus (Liasis), i, amethystinus (Python), i. 83 ; iii. 592. ammodytes (Cobra), iii. 485. ammodytes (Coluber), iii. 485. ammodytes (Echidna), iii. 485. ammodytes (Rhinechis), iii. 485. ammodytes (Scytale), iii, 534. 653) ammodytes (‘Trigono- cephalus), iii. 534. ammodytes (Vipera), iii. 484, 485. ammodytoides (Both- rops), iii. 543. ammodytoides (Lachesi 8), iii. 548 amoena (Calamaria), ii. 324 amena (Carphophiops), ii. 324 : amoena (Celuta), ii. 32+. amcenus (Aporophis), ii. 160. ameenus (Brachyorrhos), ii. 324, ; amcenus (Carphophis), ii. ng phophis) amcenus (Coluber), ii. 324. amcoenus (Enicognathus), ii. Amphiardis, i. 290. Amphibola, i. 169. Amphiesma, i. 193, 265. Amphiophis, iii, 124, 152. Amplorhinus, iii. 124. anaconda (Boa), i. 115. anamallensis (Lachesis), iii, 558. anamallensis (Lycodon), i. 351. anamallensis (Trimere- surus), ili, 558, anceps (Calamaria), iii. 647. anchietz (Naia), iii. 387. anchiete: (Onychocepha- lus), i. 40; iii. 587. anchietze (Ophirhina, iii. 620. anchietse (Python), i. 88 iii. 592. anchietz (Typhlops), i. 40 Ancistrodon, iii, 519. ancoralis (Duberria), iii. 644. ancoralis (Elaps), iii. 482. ancoralis (Simotes), ii. 225 ancorus (Xenodon), ii. 225. andamanensis (Dendro- phis), ii. 78. andamanensis (Typh- lops), i. 52. andersonii (Amblycepha- lus), iii. 444, 654 andersonii (Calamo- hydrus), i. 284. andersonii (Opistho- tropis), i. 284. andersonii (Pareas), iii. 444. andersonii (Trimere- surus), iii. 553. andiana (Leptognathus), iii. 452. andres (Liophis), ii. 140, andrei (Leptognathus), iii. 453. Angiostomata, i. 3, 131. angolensis (Amphiophis), ui. 170. angolensis (Causus), iii. 468. angolensis (Chlorophis), ni. 95. angolensis (Dromophis), iii. mapolenat (0 (Onychocepha- bales (Philotham- nus), ii. 95, oe ET (Psammophis), Ainalloetbes, 1 3, 131. ms ica (Boa), i. 27 anguiformis (Clothonia), i, 127. anguiformis (Eryx), i. anguilleeformis (Aipy- surus), iii. 304. anguilleformis (Thalas- sophis), iii. angulata (Dipsas), iii. 75. angulata (Homalopsis), i. 278. : angulatus (Coluber), i. 278. angulatus (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 75. he (Helicops), i. latus (Uranops), i. 8. sae ad (Alsophis), ii. aes a (Dromicus), ii. ea > quale i. angulifera (Dinodipsas), iii. 47 angustioepe(Ohloroeehis), iii. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, aa (Contia), ii. angusticeps (Dendraspis), ie 435, 436, 43 437, angusticepe (Diemenia), iii. 323. “oor (Dinophis), ili. ances (Naja), iii. 437 angusticeps (Onycho- cephalus), i. 50. angusticeps (Tropido- notus), i. 216, 284, 270. angusticeps (Typhlops), i. 50. pa prt (Butainia), 210. angustirostris (Xenodon), il. 146. Anholodon, iii. 446. Anilios, i. 7. Anilius, i. 183, 134. Anisodontiens, iii. 1, 26. anisolepis (Atheris), iii. 509. anisolepis (Himantodes), iii. annectens (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 71. annectens (Doliophis), iii. 402. anitisdthiia (Pituophis), ii. 67. annellatus (Elaps), iii. 418, annularis (Bungarus), iii. annularis (Callophis), iff. 398. annularis (Galedon), ii 296 annularis (Tropidonotus), i, 224, 233. annulata (Anguis), i. 133. annulata (Coronella), ii annulata (Demansia), iii 325. annulata (Dipsas), iii. 93, 95, 97. ee! Peepers ar iii. conan (Lampropeltis), ii, 201, 203. annulata (Leptodira), iii. 93, 95, 97. annulata (Leptognathus), iii. annulata (Naja), j iii. 376. annulata (Sibon), iii, 8, soi ), iii, 93, annulata (Silybura), i. 158. ee (Tantilla), iii, annulata (Vermicella), iii 407. annulatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 217. annulatum (Sibon), iii. 93, 95. annulatum (Tropido- clonium), ii. annulatum (Xi hosoma), petrol ; iii. 5938. annulatus(Aipysurus), iii, aa pysurus) Bre es (Chersydrus), i annulatus (Coluber), iii. 95, 97. annulatus (Corallus), i. 102 ; iii. 593. annulatus (Diadophis), i, 189. patter cul se iii. ap wo oides), i, laeaded (Emydocepha- lus), iii. 304. annulatus(Enicognathus), i. 189 annulatus (Geophis), ii, 296 P annulatus (Henico- gnathus), i. 189. apuulatus (Heterodon), ii. 155. annulatus (Hydrophis iii. ae ms a: annulatus (Leptogna- thus), iii. 457, wh aL oe (Ophibolus), ii. annulatus (Polyodonto- phis), i. 189. annua (Polyodontus), stinnitee (Alopecion), i. 331. annulifer (Boa), i. 94. eae (Simotes), ii, mL iy (Naja), iii. anomala (Cleelia), iii, 639, -anomala (Coronella), ii. anomala (Hydrophis), iii. 269. anomala (Rhadinea), ii. 1 anomala (Storeria), i. anomala (Uriechis), iii. 262 Anomalepis, i. 58. Anomalochilus, i. 134. Anomalodon, i. 268. anomalolepis (Pseud- eryx), iil. 637. anomalolepis (Spilotes), ii. 23 anomalus (Alsophis), ii. 125, anomalus (Aparallactus), iii, 262, anomalus (Apocophis), ii. 165. anomalus (Drepanodon), iii. 639. anomalus (Dromicus), ii. anomalus (Elaps), iii. 417. anomalus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 47 anomalus iii. 639. anomalus (Thalassophis), iii. 269. anomalus (Tropidono- tus), iii. 606. anomalus (Typhlops), i. 47 ; iii. 588. anomalus (Zamenis), ii. 125. : Anoplodipsas, iii. 81. Anoplophallus, ii. 353. anoscopus( Natrix), i. 242. anoscopus (Tropidono- tus), i. 242 ; iii, 606. anostomosatus (Coluber), i, 230. antarctica (Acanthophis), iii. 355. antarctica (Boa), iii. 355. antarcticus (Acanth- ophis), iii. 355. (Oxyrhopus), anthicum (Bascanium), i. 395. anthracops (Leptogna- thus), ii. 297. anthracops (Tropido- dipsas), ii. 297. antillensis (Alsophis), ii. * 128. ‘ALPHABETICAL INDEX. antillensis (Dromicus), ii. * 122, 123. antillensis (Psammophis), ii. 122, ; antinorii (Dendraspis), iii. 437. Antiochalina, i. 169. antonii (Rhinochilus), ii. 213. ‘Aparallactus, iii, 255. aphanospilus (Simotes), ii, 225. apiata (Stenorhina), iii. 230 apiatus (Elaps), iii. 423. Aploaspis, iii. 572. _ Aplopeltura, iii. 439. Aporophis, ii. 157, 160. Apostolepis, iii. 282. approximans (Dipsas), iii. 97. Aprotérodontes, i. 93. pest ies ages. Tevit by 3 aquatica (Boa), i. 115. aquaticus (Coluber), iii. 520. arabicus (Coluber), i. 219. araramboya(Xiphosoma), i. 102. arboreus (Bothrops), iii. 565. arboreus (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 565. arcticeps (Calamaria), ii. 341. arcticeps (Silybura), i. arctifasciatus (Dipsas), iii. 43. arctifasciatus urus), iii, 43. arctifasciatus(Stenophis), iii. 43. arctiventris (Calamaria), ii, 274. arctiventris (Coluber), ii. 274 (Heter- arctiventris (Duberria), ii. 274. arctiventris (Homalo- soma), ii. 274. arcuatus (Bungarus), iii. 368. arenarius (Onychocepha- lus), i. 49. per (Typhlops), i. arenarius (Zamenis), i. 413. 655 arenicola (Wchis), iii. arenicola (Toxicoa), ili. 505. rs argentatus (Coluber), iii. argentea (Dryiophis), iii. 190. nt argenteus (Ooluber), ui. argenteus (Oxybelis), iii. 190. argonauta(Tyria), ii. 260. argus (Coluber), i. 82. _ argus (Leptognathus), iii. 458 argus (Morelia), i. 82. argus (Spilotes), ii. 20. Argyrophis, i. 7. arietans (Bitis), iii. 493. arietans (Clotho), iii. 494. arietans (Hchidna), iii. 494. arietans (Vipera), iii. 494. Arizona, ii. 25. arizonz (Coluber), ii. 66. armata (Vipera), iii. 497. armillatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 215, 220. arnensis (Coluber), ii. 229. arnensis (Simotes), ii. 229, 359. arnyi (Coronella), iii. 629 arnyi (Diadophis), ii. 908 ; iii. 638. ‘arnyi (Liophis), ii. 208: Arrhyton, ii. 251. articulata (Leptogna- thus), iii. 458. pies (Dipsas), iii. 5. aruensis (Dendrophis), ii. 80. aruensis(Lycodon), i. 366. asclepiadeus (Coluber), ii. 52. asiana (Zamenis), i. 395. Asinea, i. 71, 169. asper (Enygrus), i. 109 ; lii. 594, asper (Hrebophis), i. 109. asper (Trigonocephalus), iii, 538. aspera (Hydrophis), iii. ce (Hydrophis) aspera (Natrix), i. 278. asperrimus (Tropido- notus), i, 232. 656 ss lia iii. 388, 390, Aspidiotes, i. 91. Aspidites, i. 91. Aspidoboa, i. 81. Aspidoclonion, iii. 365. Aspidopython, i. 81. aspidor ae OF menia), Aspidorhynchue, i i. 7. Aspidura, i. 309, 310. Aspis, iii. 372, 501. aspis (Coluber), iii. 476, 481, 484, aspis (Vipera), iii. 481, 484, 48 aera (asoatsbaiel iii. assimilis (Dipsadoboa), iii. 82, assimilis (Hlapomor- phus), iii. 234. assimilis (Helicops), i. il (Hoplocepha assimilis oplocepha- lus), iii. 343. assimilis (Psammo- phylax), iii. 118. Asthenodipsas, iii. 440 Asthenognathus, iii. 446. astreptophorus (Tropido- notus), i. 220. Astrotia, iii. 285. ater (Alsophis), ii. 121. ater (Anilios), i. 53. ater (Bothrolycus), i. 326 ater (Dromicus), i ii. 121. ater ener iii. ater > (Oeyophis); ii, 121, ater (Tropidonotus), i. 215, 219. ater Typhlops), i. 53. ater amen), i ii. 139, aterrima ( Atractaspis), iii. 513, 515. Atheris, iii. 508. oer (Heterodon), ii Secu i 193. Atomophis, iii, 127. atra (Anguis), i. 133, atra (Diemenia), iii, 323. atra (Naja), iii. 380. atra eee ii. 121. atra ee otropis), i atra ne (Vipera), iii. 482. Atractaspidide, iii, 464. Atractaspidina, iii, 464. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, Atractaspis, iii. 510. Atractocephalus, i. 305. Atractus, ii, 300. atrata (Hutainia), i. 201. atrata (Ninia), i. 293. atratus (Coluber), i. 293 ; iii. 634. atratus (Stre tophorus), i, 293 iii, O12. atratus (Neusterophis), i 227 Atretium, i. 272. atricauda (Echidna), iii. , 503. atricaudatus (Crotalus), iii. 579. atriceps (Homalocra- nium), i iii. a (Hydrophis), iii. 281. atriceps (Uriechis), iii. 260. atrocincta (Calamaria), iii. 211. atrocinctum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 211. atrocinctus (Coluber), iii. 200. atrocinctus (Scoleco- phis), iii. 211. atrofrontalis (Hlaps), iii 398. atrofuscus (Ancistrodon), iii, 523. atrofuscus (Acontias), iii. 522. atrofuscus (OCenchris), iii. 523. atrofuscus (Tri ono- cephalus), iii. 5 we apes (Vipera), iii 4 a eT (Pseudelaps), ii, 317. Atropophis, i iii. 530. Atropos, iii. 529. atropos (Bitis), iii. 495. atropos (Clotho), iii. 496. atropos (Cobra), iii. 495, atropos (Ooluber), iii Db. ny (Echidna), iii. atropos (Vipera), iii. 496. Bagi Ai keh (Tetrago- nosoma), i. 356. a a da a atrostriata (Dendrophis), ii, 85. id “| atrovirens (Coluber), i, 395. atrovirens ( ria), i. 395. atrovirens (. 395. enis), i. atrox (Bothrops), iii. 535, . 542, atrox (Caudisona), iii, 576. atrox (Ooluber), iii. 537. — (Cophias), iii. 535, ee ee ye (Crotalus), i iii. 575, atrox (Lachesis), i iii. 537. atrox i 085, 898. ae (Vipera), iii. 537. Aturia, iii, 271, 285. atypicus (Leptognathus), iii. 463. atypicus (Pseudopareas), ini, 463. audax (Coluber), iii, 57, audax (Dipsas), iii. 57. aeee (Hormonotus), i. audax (Lycodon), iii. 57. aulicus (Chametortus), iii. 98. aulicus (Coluber), i. 352. aulicus Cyeodon) 4 i. 349, 352 ; iil. aurantiaca Bea). i, 102. wes (Dryiophis), iii. aurata (Hutenia), i, 208. auratus(Dryinus), iii.192. she (Plectrurus), i, — (Spilotes), ii. auriculatus pie aii tus), i. 26 aurifer (Bothriechis), iii, nite (Bothro aurifer (Bothrops), iii, 568. aurifer(Lachesis), iii. 568 aurifer (Thamnocen- chris), iii. 568. ee (Bascanium), ee (Drymobius), i, auritus(Ooluber), iii. 161. Bie rea (Coluber), i. aurora (Corastes), i, 321, aurora (Coluber), i. 321. aurora (Coronella), i. 321. aurora (Duberria), i. 321. aurora (Lamprophis), i. 321. auspex (Constrictor), i. 117. australis (Aipysurus), iii. 305. australis (Anilios), i. 35. australis (Boa), i. 105. australis(Brachyurophis), iii. 363. australis (Cerberus), iii. 8. australis (Coronella), ii. 168. australis (Hnygrus), i. 105. australis (Homalopsis), iii. 18. australis (Naja), iii. 330. australis (Pseudechis), iii. 329, 330. australis (Rbynchelaps), iii. 363. australis (Simotes), iii. 363. australis (Tropidonotus), i. 215. _ australis (Typhlops), i. 35 australis (Zamenophis), i. 5. , austriaca (Coronella), ii. 53. austriacus (Ooluber), ii. austriacus (Zacholus), ii. 192. avicennz (Vipera), iii. 502, 503. Azémiophides, i. 71, 131. Azemiops, iii. 470. azureus (Chondropy- thon), i. 90. bachmanni (Coronella), iii. 103, 107. badia (Calamaria), ii. 308, 309. badium (Rhabdosoma), ii. 307, 308. badius (Atractus), i ii. 308. badius (Brachyorrhos), ii. 308. badius (Geophis), ii. 308. bahiensis (Natrix), i. 409. bairdi (Coluber), ii. 40. bairdi (Lycodon), iii. 172. VOL, III, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, bairdi (Salvadora), i. 393. ber (Phimothyra), i. baliocoryphus (Elaps), iii. 427. ss baliodeira (Coronella) ii. 283. baliodeirus (Diadophis), ii. 283. baliodirus (Ablabes), ii. 283. baliogaster (Helicops), i. 276. baliolum (Homalosoma), ll, 204. balteata (Coronella), ii 197 balteatus (Trimerodytes), iii. 607. balteatus (Tropidonotus), iii. 607. baluensis (Calamaria), ii. 335 ; iii. 646. bancana (Dipsas), ili. 74. barbarus (Coluber), i. 40 Lp barmanus (Typhlops), i. 22. barnesii (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 73. barnesii (Dipsas), iii. 73. baroni (Dromicus), i. 247. baroni (Philodryas), iii. 136. baronis-miilleri (Tropido- notus), i. 226. barrowii (Onychophis), i. 42 barthii (Polemon), iii. 251, 254. Bascanion, i. 379. basilisca (Caudisona), iii. 574 basiliscus (Crotalus), iii. 574. basimaculatus (Ty- phlops), i. 28. batesii (Chrysenis), i. 102, batesii (Elaps), iii. 416. ios (Typhlops), iii. bite (Coluber), i 368. batjanensis (Lielaphis), i. 368. batjanensis (Stegonotus), i, 368. beauperthuisii (Erythro- lamprus), iii. 201. beccarii (Calamaria), ii, 343. 657 — (Pseudoelaps), iii. beddomii (Silybura), i. beddomii (Simotes), ii. 229. beddomii (‘Tropidonotus), i, 252; iii. 608. beddomii (Typhlops), i 18; iii. 585. belcheri (Aturia), iii. 296. belcheri (Distira), iii. 296. belcheri (Hydrophis), iii. 296. bellii (Ahzetulla), ii. 7 as bellii (Bucephalus), 187. bellii (Herpetzthiops), ii. 97. bellii (Leptophis), iii. 165. bellii (Python), i. 89. bellona (Churchillia), ii. 69 bellona (Pituophis), ii. 69 Bellophis, ii. 188, bellulus (Tropidonotus), 24. i. 2 bli (Alluaudina), iii. Sica (Coluber), i. 230. bengalensis (Enhydrina), ili. 302. bengalensis (Eryx), i. 124. wire" eae (Falconeria), bias saat Hydrophis), i, 302. iad benjaminsii (Calamaria), ii. 347. bennetti iii, 8. berdmorii (Pareas), iii 444, 445 Bergenia, iii. 229. bernardi (Elaps), iii. 428. bernieri (Dromicodryas), i. 189; iii. 599. bernieri (Herpetodryas), i. 189, 190. bernouilii (Bothriechis), iii. 566. (Hypsirhina), bernouillii (Bothrops), iii. 566, bernouillii (Leptogna- thus), ii. 296. = bernouillii (‘Tropido. - dipsas), ii. 296. bertholdi (Dipsas), iii. 81, 2u 658 bertholdi (Elaps), iii. 362. bertholdi (Rhynchelaps), iii. 362. cat? (Vermicella), i. 362. berthioldi (Xenodon), ii. 146. berus (Coluber), iii. 476. berus (Pelias), iii. 473, 476. berus (Vipera), iii. 473, 475, 476, 482, 484, betsileana (Dipsas), iii,44. BE Ge (Stenophis), i, 44. binnconil (Typhlops), i 41. bibroni (Elaps), iii. 399. bibronii (Atractaspis), iii. 514, 515. bibronii (Callophis), iii. 399. bibronii (Enygrus), i. 105, 106. bibronii ee se a lus), i. hbo ypop) i.44; Meera (Natrix), ii. 73. bicarinatus (Coluber), ii. 73. bicarinatus (Heterolepis), i, 346. bicarinatus (Notophis), i. 111. bicatenata (Silybura), i. 158. bicatenatus (Simotes), ii. 219. bicincta (Urotheca), ii. 184 ; iii. 636 bicinctum (Bascanium), i. bieinctus (Coluber), ii. 184. bicinctus (Leiosophis), ii 184. bicinctus (Liophis), ii. 184. bicinctus (Xenodon), ii. 184. bicolor (Ablabes), i. 301. bicolor (Argyrophis), i. 24. bicolor (Bothriechis), iii. bicolor (Bothrops), iii. 566. bi-olor (Calamaria), i. 301; ii. 342. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. bicolor (Coluber), ii. 131, 168 ; iii. 89. bicolor (Dirosema), ii. 298 bicolor (Fordonia), iii. 22. bicolor (Geophis), ii. 298. bicolor (Gerarda), iii. 20. bicolor (Glauconia), i. 69. arn (Glypholycus), iii. 15, bicolor (Grotea), i. 301. bicolor (Helicops), i. 274 ; iii. 610. Res (Heterurus), iii. bicolor (Hydrophis), iii, 7 bicolor (Hydrus), iii. 267. ee (Lachesis), iii. bicolor (Leptognathus), iii. 460. rr (Limnophis), i. bicolor (Liophis), ii. 168. — (Loxocemus), i. 4 bicolor (Neopareas), iii 460. bicolor (Onychocepha- lus), i. 48 bicolor (Pelamis), iii. 267. av aac a a i. 301, bicolor (Rhabdops), i. 301. bicolor _(Rhinhoploce- phalus), iii. 353. noes (Stenostoma), i, 6 bicolor (Trimesurus), iii. bicolor (Typhlops), i. 48. bicolor F_(enoralamus), iii. sinned so nats’ (Ca bi amie (Coluber), ii bifoatas (Drymobius), i. 10. bifrenalis (Dendrophis), ii. bifrenatus (Helicops), i, 282. bilineata (Diplotropis), ii. 111. bilineata (Glauconia), i bilineata (Hypsirhina), iii, 7. —_ bilineatum (Melanophi- dium), i. 164, Bey 8 (Stenostoma), ae (Adeniophis), i, 404. ” bilineatus (Ancistrodon), iii. 521. bilineatus (Bothrops), iii. 565. re (Callophis), iii. bilineatus (Coluber), i. 219, 253. bilineatus (Cophias), iii. 565 bilineatus (C cephalus), iii. 565. blineatu (Doliophis), ii. 404. blinentu (Drymobius), ii eee (Elaphis), ii. bilineatus (Elapomor- hus), iii. 243. bilineatus (laps), i. 253. bilineatus (Enicogna- thus), ii. 173. bilineatus (H dryas), ii. 11. bilineatus (Lachesis), iii, 565. ener (Leptophis 111, 308 Mit ESS linet (Masticophis), 391 bilineatus (Phalotris), iii. 243. bilineatus (Platyplec- trurus), i. 1 bilineatus (Psammophis), iii. 162. bilineatus = (Tri cephalus), iii. 5 1. 365. a (Typhlops), bilorealis (Dendrophis), iii. 628. bimaculata (Furina), iii, bimaculata (Tantilla), iii, 227. bimaculatum (Brachy- soma), iii. 406. bimaculatum (Homalo- cranium), iii, bimaculatus(Pseudelaps), iii, 406. binatus (Coluber), iii. 200. binotatus (Simotes), ii. | bipartitue ‘(yphlops), i. 37 bipes (Coluber), i. 219. biprzocularis (Boodon), i. 332. biprexocularis (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 101. bipemeria (Xenodon), i, 146. bipinetain (Coronella), bipunctata (Tachymenis), iii, 208. bipunctatum (Lycophi- cron 350, $s bipunctatus (Coluber), i. 206, 350. bipunctatus — (Conio- phanes), iii. 208. bipunctatus (Diadophis), li, 285. bipunctatus (Erythro- lamprus), iii. 208. bipunctatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 205, 206, 207. bipunctiger (Elaps), iii. oi (Elap biscutata (Dipsas), iii, 54, 5D. biscutata (Huteznia), i. biscutatum (Sibon), 54, 55, 56. biscutatus (Hipasdunton: phus), iii. 54. biscutatus (Eteirodipsas), iii. R biscutatus (Trimorpho- don), iii. 54. bisecta (Natrix), i. 243. bisectus (Tropidonotus), i, 243. biserialis (Herpetodryas), ii, 119, biserialis (Orophis), ii. 120. biseriata _ (Psammo- phylax), iii. 138. biseriatus (Psammophis), iii. 168. bishopii (Hydrophis), iii. 292. bistrigatus (Ablabes), i 188. bistrigatus (Cynophis), ii. 36 bistrigatus (Polyodonto- phis), i. 188 ALPHABETICAL INDEX, bisubocularis (Typhlops), iii. 590, Bitia, iii, 24. bitin (Coluber), iii. 493. Bitis, iii. 492. bitis (Coluber), i. 101. bitis (Vipera), i. 101. bitorquata (Alecto), i 349. bitorquata (Coronella), ii. 196. bitorquatum (Meizodon), ii. 196. bitorquatus (Hoplo- cephalus), iii. 349. bitorquatus (Oligodon), ' di, 237. bitorquatus (Oxyrhopus), ili. 104. bitorquatus (Tachy- menis), ili. 104. bitorques (Calamaria), ii. 338 ; iii. 646. bituberculata (Distira), iii. 296. bituberculatus (Hydro- phis), iii. 296. bituberculatus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 48 (Ty- bituberculatus phlops), i. 48. bivirgatus (Adeniophis), iii. 400. bivirgatus (Callophis), iii. 400. bivirgatus (Doliophis), iii. 400. bivirgatus (Elaps), iii. 400. bivittata (Natrix), i. 239. bivittatum (Arrhyton), ii. 52 bivittatus (Drymobius), ii, 155 iii, 626, bivittatus (Leptophis), ii. 15 bivittatus (Polyodonto- s=phis), iii. 597. iittatus (Python), i. 86, ini (Thamnoso- phis), ii. 15. bizona (Erythrolamprus), iii. 201. bizonatus (Scytale), iii. 505. blackmanni (Cacophis), iii. 319 blakewayi (Plagiopholis), i. 301: 659 blandingii (Boiga), iii. 78. blandingii (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 77. blandingii (Dipsas), iii. a blandingii (Toxicodryas), iii. 78. blanfordii (Glauconia), i. 66. blanfordii (Hypsirhina), iii. 10. blanfordii (Typhlops), i. 39. blomhoffii (Ancistrodon), lil. 525 blomhoffii (Halys), 525 blomhoffii (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 525, 526. blumenbachii (Coluber), i, 385. ea tag pies don), i. 385. blumii (oaianiasitcs blumif eee nian! cad iii. Biythia. i. 313. blythii pernophia) i. 144, 146 Boa, i. 93, 99, 104, 110, 115, 116, 121. boa (Amblycephalus), iii. 439. boa (Dipsas), iii. 440. boa (Haplopeltura), iii. 439. boa (Nardoa), i. 76. boa (Tortrix), i. 76. Bozedon, i. 827. bozeformis (Cerberus), iii. 16 boveformis (Elaps), iii. 16 boswformis (Homalopsis), iii. 16. Boeride, i. 71. Bowides, i. 93. bocagii (Aheetulla), ii. 99. bocagii (Aspidelaps), iii 377 boeagii (Philothamnus), ii. 99; iii. 621. bocagii (Psammophis), iii. 161. bocourti (Atractus), ii. 306 ; iii. 645. bocourti (Homalocra- ~ nium), iii. 224. bocourti (Zamenis), i. 394. 202 660 aa (Elaps), iii. booonsti (Hypsirhina), iii. 10. — (Coluber), ii. boddacrti (Drymobius), ii. 11, 357 ; iii. 626 boddaerti (Eudryas), ii. boddaerti (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 11. Boédoniens, i. 177. boettgeri (Atractus), iii. 645. boettgeri (Callophis), iii. boned (Piesigaster), i. boat ger (Typhlops), i. bogorenss (Calamaria), 34 Boide, i. 71, 131. boiei (Trimeresurus), iii. 387. Boiga, iii. 58, 59. boiga (Coluber), i ii, 113. boii (Dendrophis), ii. 88. Boina, i. 93. Boing, i. 93. boiquira (Crotalus), iii. 573, 578. Bolieria, i. 121. bolivianus (Philodryas), iii. 132. Boodon, i. 327 ; iii. 616. Boodontine, iii. 597. boops (Dipsas), iii. 73. bora (Python), i. 87. borneensis (Atropophis), iii. 560, 561. borneensis (Calamaria), ii. 347 ; iii. 648. borneensis (Lachesis), iii. 1 bor. eensis (Pythonopsis), iii. 12. , borneensis (Rabdosoma), iii. 5. Bot hriechis, iii. 529, Pothriopbis, iii. 141, nee sa iii. 529. bothriorhynchus (Ty- phlops), i. 23. Bothrodytes, i. 193. Bothrolycus, i. 325. Bothrophera, iii. 518. Bothrophes, iii. 518. Botbrophthalmus, i. 324. Bothrops, iii. 529. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. bottz (Charina), i. 1380; iii. 595. botts (Pseudoeryx), i. 130 botts (Tortrix), i. 130. boulengeri (Elapechis), iii, 361 boulengeri (Elapsoidea), iii. 361. boulengeri (Geodipsas), iii. 32. boulengeri (Homalo- cranium), iii, 221. — boulengeri (‘Tachymenis), iii. 32. boulengeri (Typhlops), iii. 586. Boulengeelial iii. 357. bourcieri (Dromicus), ii. 174. boydii (Dipsas), iii. 67. a. ae (Lampropeltis), bor (Ophibolus), ii. 197. Brachyaspis, iii. 353. brachycephalum (Cato- stoma), ii. brachyeephalum (Diro- sema), ii. brachyce halus- (Chori- stodon), i. 401. brachycephalus (Colobo- gnathus), ii. 299. brachycephalus (Ela- poides), ii. 299. Brachyeranion, i iii. 510. Brachyophis, iti. 254. ah (Charina), i 131 Brachyorrhos, ii. 300. brachyorrhos (Cala- maria), i. 305; ii. 218, ere ba (Seytale), i. 311. Brachyorrhus, i, 305. brachyorrhus (Aspidura), i. 311, 313. Brachyruton, iii. 99. Brachysoma, iii. 313, 315, 405, brachystoma (Bothri- echis), iii. 547. brachystoma (Bothri- opsis), iii, 547, brachystoma (Bothrops), iii, 547, brachystoma (Kutenia), i. 418. brachystoma (Lachesis), iii. 547. brachystoma (Teleur- bray iii, 547. uae (Calamaria), a (Coronella), — (Vipera), iii. Brachyurophis, iii. 361. brachyurum (Amphi- esma), i. 267. — (Coluber), i. brachyurus (Opheomor- phus), ii. 136. brachyurus (Zamenis), ii, 206. braconnieri (Achalinus), ; i, 309 ; iii. Mas raconnieri (Enico E thus), i. 137 vr ag? raconnieri ielaps), — (Ophielaps) braconnieri i nat: lis), iii. beast Thre ole braminus (Coluber), i. 230. a ass (Eryx), i. 16. braminus (Typhlops), i. 6 nee. ps ee brammianus (Bothrops), are Ps) iii. bransbyi (Hoplocepha- lus), vii Goer ° brasilie (Coluber), iii. brasiliensis (Both rasiliensis (Bothrops), iii. 535. ” brasiliensis (Coluber), iii. 535. brasiliensis (Oraspedo- cephalus), iii, 535, 541, brasiliensis (Naja), iii. brasiliensis (Vi » iii. 535 on (Python), breve (Homalgcranium), breitensteiui i. 89. ill. . ce tie (Glauconia), i. 67. brevicauda (Liopeltis), 259. aoe tev (Oligodon), i. 240, brevicauda (Stenostoma), i, 67. ole ' - > ‘ breviceps (Coluber), ii. 149. - breviceps ii. 355, breviceps (Dendrophis), ii. 86. breviceps (Liophis), ii. 164. breviceps (Ophiomor- phus), ii. 164. breviceps (Rhadinza), ii. 164. (Dasypeltis), brevifacies (Leptogna- thus), iii, 452. brevifacies (‘Tropido- clipsas), iii. 452. brevifrenum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. 302. brevirostris (Dromicus), ii. 174. brevirostris (Dryophis), iii, 190. brevirostris (Geophis), i. 303. brevirostris (Oxybelis), iii. 190. brevirostris (Psammo- phis), iii. 166. brevirostris (Stenogna- thus), i. 803. brevis (Calamaria), ii 348. brevis (Coronella), 175. brevis (Dipsas), iii. sag brevis (Hydrophis), i 301. pea Sperone eh iii. brevis ie i. 158. tie conse derale Mite hes ‘Zamenie), ili. 623. brocki (Tropidonotus), i. 245 bronni (Loxocemus), i. 4. bronni (Plastoseryx), i. 74. brookii (Calamaria), iii. 647. brookii (Hydrophis), iii. 282. broughami (Silybura), i. 152. browni (Phyllorhynchus), i. 417. bicinll (Acanthophis), iii. 355. a CLytorhynehus), i, 417 ALPHABETICAL INDEX, orugmansii (Distira), iii. 292. brugmansii (Hydrophis), iil, 292. brunnea (Euteenia),i. 202, brunneus (Bothrophth- almus), i. 324. brunneus (Drymobius), ii, 16, a cl aan ae i. 15. beannete (Masticophis), li. 15. brussauxi (Gonionoto- phis), i. 323. brussauxi (Gonionotus), i. 323. bubalina (Dipsas), iii. 72. buecata (Homalopsis), iii. 14. buccata (Vipera), iii. 14. buccatus(Coluber), ili. 14. bucculenta (Ungalia), i. 112, ee ee (Dipsas), 461. Bucephalus, ili. 186. bucephalus (Bungarus), iii. 461. bucephalus (Coluber), iii. 461 bucephalus (Dipsadomo- rus), iii. 461. bucephalus (Leptogna- thus), iii. 461. buchholzi (Onychocepha- lus), i. 41 buchholai (Typblops), i. 41. buckleyi (Elaps), iii. 416, Bungaroidea, i. 169. bungaroides (Alecto), iii. 348 bungaroides (Bungarus), iii. 370. bungaroides (Elaps), 370. bungaroides (Hoploce- phalus), iii. 348, bungaroides (Naja), iii. 348. bungaroides (Xenur- elaps), iii, 370. Bungarus, iii. 83, 3865, 460. bungarus (Naia), iii. 386. bungarus(‘Trimeresurus), iii. 386, burmeisteri (Dryophy- lax), iii. 135. burmeisteri (Philodryas), iii. 135, 661 burtonii (Atheris), iii. 509 burtonii (Peecilostolus), iii. 509. : butleri (Hutzenia), i, 212. butleri (Thamnophis), iii, 602. butleri (Tropidonotus), i, 212; iii. 602. Cacocalyx, iii. 626, cacodsemon (Coluber), ii. 154 Cacophis, iii. 315. Cadmus, i. 373. execa (Letheobia), i. 55. Ber te (Typhlops), i. czecus (Coluber), iii. 380, ores Be Mahlon Sie i. ‘eas “(Typhlope), i. 55. ceecutiens (Elapomor- phus), iii. 252. cerulea (Anguis), i. 133. cerulea (Enhydris), iii. 6. cerulea (Pseudoboa), iii. 368. cxrulescens (Coluber), ii. 6 ceerulescens (Enhydris), iii. 275. czrulescens (Hydrophis), iii. 275. csrulescens (Hydrus), iii. 275. cerulescens (Oxybelis), iii. 190. cxrulescens (Vipera), iii. 535. cxruleus (Bungarus), iii. 368, 370 exruleus (Coluber), iii. 476. cxruleus (Dromicus), ii 11. czruleus (Drymobius), ii. 12. ceeruleus a | a peldiopeaaays ii. 103 ceesar (Xenurophis), ii. 288 exsius (Coluber), iii. 631. cahirinus (Coluber), i.402. cairi (Glauconia), i. 65. cairi (Stenostoma), i. 65. Calabaria, i. 92. Calamaria, i. 290, 305, 306, 310 ; ii. 188, 233, 255, 273, 300, 324, 330; iii. 210, 212, 232, 238, 662 or aa (Ablabes), ii. cali (Anguis), ii. calamaria (Cyclophis), ii. 282. Calamaride, i. 177; iii 26, 597. Calamariens, i. 177. Calamarina, i. 169. calamarina (Tantilla), iii. 227. Calamarina, i. 177 ; iii. 26. calamarinum (Homalo- cranium), iii, 227. calamarius (Coluber), ii 345. Calamelaps, iii. 245. Calamoh drus, i i. 283. Calamophis, i. 305. Calechidna, iii. 492. californie (Coluber), ii. 197. californiz (Coronella), ii 197. californis: (Ophibolus), ii, 197. californix (Ophis), ii. 197. Sar (Coluber), ii. 34. callicephalus (Coronella), ii. 34. calligaster (Ablabes), ii. Hise Callophis) ealligaster (Callophis), iii 393. : ealligaster (Coluber), ii 198, calligaster (Oontia), ii. 164. = (Coronella), ii. calligaster (Dendrophis), ii, 80; iii. 628. ealligaster (Elaps), iii, 393. calligaster . (Hemibun- rus), iii. 393, calli r (Lampro- Itis), ii. 199. _ ligaster (Ophibolus), i. 199. calligastr (Rhadinga), i, 164. calligaster (Scotophis), ii. 40. callilema (Dromicus), ii, 142, callilama(Natrix), ii. 142. callilemus (Liophis), ii, 142. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, oe iii, 396. Callirhinus, iii. 127. Ment (Tropidonotus), Oallopeltis, i ii, 24. Callophis, iii. 392, 396, 400. Calloselasma, iii. 519. callostictus (Hydrops), ii. 187. callostictus (Pseudoeryx), iii. 637. calonota (Furina), iii. calonotos (Brachysoma), iii. 407. calonotos (Furina), iii. 407 Calonotus, ii. 160. calonotus (Neelaps), iii. calonotus (Pseudelaps), iii. Calopisma, ii, 186, 289, Campylodon, iii. 20. cana (Coronella), i. 373; iii. 620. cana (Duberria), i. 373. cana (Ficimia), ii. 272. cana (Pseudaspis), i. eb 620, a cana ia), i. 11 canara (Sle) i.160. — (Plectrurus), i. onion (Pseudoplec- trurus), i. 160. canariensis (Leptophis), iii. 178. cancellatum (Dinodon), i. 361 i. 361. candidissimus (Coluber), iii. 374. candidus (Bungarus), iii, candidus (Cerastes), iii, , candidus (Ooluber), iii, 368. canilatus (Tachymenis), iii, 133. é Jswneng canina (Boa), i, 102. caninana (Natrix), ii. 23, mer oy (Xiphosoma), i. caninus (Boa), i. 102, caninus (Oorallus), i 102 ; iii. 593. caninus (Draco), i. 102. cantori (Hydrus), iii, 299, cantori (tri nocepha- lus), iii, Bol. : Cantoria, iii, 23. er (Coluber), ii. oni (Hydrophis), iii. 1. eantoris (Lachesis), iii. 551. cantoris (Trimeresurus), iii. 551. canula (Homalocranium), iii, 222. canula (Tantilla), 222. canulum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 222, canum (Gyalopion), ii. 272. canus (Coluber), i i, 873. capense (Bosedon), i. 332. ores (Lycophidium), ; iii. 616. capensis (Aparallactus), lii. 259. capensis (Bucephalus), ii. 187. capensis (Elapomor- an iii. a ' capensis (Heterolepis), i. 345, By 9: (Lycodon), i. — (Naia), iii. 376, capensis Oot us), i. hal capensis (Simoce us), i, 845; iii. 616, capensis (Thelotornis), lii, 185. og, eng (Uriechis), iii. 260, 261. “ai (Natrix), ii. 121. capistrata (Tantilla), iii. 15. a, asia (Coluber), ii. capite-triangulatus (Oo- uber), iit 559. ( ca —— (Lycodon), i. 5 caracaras (Coluber), iii. 626. caraganus (‘Tri reupans phalus), iti. 524 carbonaria (Zamenis), i carbonarius (Coluber), i. 395. el caribbeus (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 535. carinata (Aspidura), i. 310. carinata (Boa), i. 107. carinata (Oandoia), i. 07. wre (Cynophis), ii. 6. carinata (Dipsas), iii. 445, carinata (Echis), iii. 505. carinata (Hurria), i. 358. carinata (Pareas), iii. 443, 445. oe (Phyllophis), ii carinata (Pseudoboa), iii. 505. carinata (Pythonodipsas), ili. 45, carinata (Tropidechis), iii. 350. carinata (Vipera), iii. 505. carinatus (Amblycepha- lus), iii. 445. carinatus (Cercaspis), i 359. oe (Chironius), ii. 7 ’ earinatus (Coluber), ii. 73. carinatus (Coryphodon), i. 216, 375, 376, 377. carinatus (Cryptely- trops), iii, 553. carinatus (Dipsas), ii 354 carinatus (Hchis), 605. carinatus (Enygrus), i. 107 ; iii. 593. carinatus (Eumesodon), i. 363. carinatus (Herpetodryas), ii. 72, 73, 75,76; iii. 628. carinatus ( Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 350. carinatus(Leptognathus), iti. 445 carinatus (Lycodon), i 358. carinatus (Philodryas), iii. 128. carinatus (Trimesurus), ili, 553. carinatus (Tropidechis), iii, 350. carinatus (Zaocys), i 377 5 iii. 621. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. carinicauda (Helicops), i. carinicaudus (Coluber), i, 276. carinicaudus (Helicops), i. 276, 2 carinicaudus (Homalo- psis), i. 276. carneus (Coluber), iii. 49, carolinianus (Coluber), li. 39. carpentarize (Denisonia), ili. 344. carpentarie (Hoploce- phalus), iii. 344. Carphophiops, ii. 324. Carphophis, ii. 288, 324. Casarea, i. 121. cascavella (Crotalus), iii. 574. caspia (Enhydris), i. 233. caspicus (Zamenis), i. 395. caspius (Coluber), i. 395, caspius (Zamenis), i. 395. castanea (Boa), i. 87. castelnaudi (Bothrops), ili. 544, castelnaudi (Lachesis), iii, 544. castelnaudi (Thanato- phis), iii. 544. castelnaudi (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 544. castelnaui (Bothriechis), iii. 544. castelnaui (Teleuraspis), iii. 544, 547. castelnautii ili. 544. castelnavii (Bothriopsis), iii. Catachlena, i i. 414. cataphronotus (Zamenis), i. 394. catenata (Calamaria), ii. 351 (Atropos), catenata (Scytale), iii 534. eatenatus (Crotalinus), iii. 570. catenatus (Crotalopho- rus), iii. 571. catenatus (Crotalus), iii. 571 catenatus (Cyclophis), ii. 274 vatenatus (Lycodon), i. 185, : 663 catenatus (Sistrurus), iii. catenifer (Coluber), ii. 67. catenifer (Pituoplhis), ii. catenifer (Simotes), ii catenularis (Coluber), iii. 63 catesbeei (Dipsas), iii. 449, catesbyi (Ahetulla), ii, 11 catesbyi (Coluber), iii. 449 catesbyi (Dendrophis), ii, [15. comer (Dryiophis), 111i. 191. catesbyi (Heterodon), ii, 156. catesbyi (Leptognathus), iii. 449, 450. catesbyi (Leptophis), ii, 115. catesbyi (Stremmatogna- thus), iii. 449. catesbyi (Uromacer), ii 115. Cathetorhinus, i. 7. Catodon, i. 59. Catodonta, i. 57. Catodoniens, i. 57. Catostoma, ii. 314. caucasica (Coronella), ii. 192 caucasicus (Coluber), ii. caudzlineatus (Periops), ~ i, 405. caudzlineatus (Zamenis), i. 405, 407. caudalis (Bitis), iii. 498. caudalis (Cerastes), iii, 498. caudalis (Vipera), iii. 498, cauda-schistosus (Colu- ber), i. 242. Caudisona, iii. 569, 572. caudolineata (Aheetula), ii. 89. caudolineata (Dendr- ophis), ii. 89. caudolineatus (Dendr- elaphis), ii, 89, 358; iii. 630. caudolineatus (Ithycy- phus), 11i. 34. caudolineatus (Lept- ophis), ii, 89. caudolineolatus (Dendr- ophis), ii. 85, 664 Causide, iii, 465. Causine, iii. 464, Causus, iii, 465, caymanus (Alsophis), ii. 120. celeno pace i. celebensis (Elaphis), ii lll (Tropidolx- mus), iii. 562. celebicus (Styporhyn- chus), i, 216. celebicus (Tropidonotus), i, 216. Celuta, ii. 324. Cemophora, ii. 213. cenchoa (Coluber), iii. 84, cenchoa (Dipsas), iii. 84. cenchoa (Himantodes), iii. 84, 85, 86 cenchria (Boa), i. 94. cenchria (Epicrates), i Cenchris, iii. 519. cenchris (Boa), i. 94. cenchris (Epicrates), i. 94; iii. 592 cenchris (Trigonocepha- lus), iii, 520, 522. cenchrus (Coluber), ii 166. cencoalt (Bungarus), iii. Cephalolepis, i. 57. gga (Callophis), iii. cerasinus (Elaps), iii. 399. ceraso eee et a phis), i. 1 Pi soe "(tropido- notus), i. 191. cerasogaster (Xenochr- ophis), i. 191; iii, 5 Cerastes, iii. 492, 501. cerastes (/Aichmophrys), iii. 583. cerastes (Anguis), i, 125. cerastes (Caudisona), iii, cerastes (Coluber), iii. verastes (Crotalus), iii, 583 cerastes (Eryx), i. 125, cerastes ( Vipera), iii, 501, 502. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, cerastinus (Acanthophis), iii. 355, pissy iii. 599. ny (Atheris), oi. Cerberus, iii. 15. oonerne (Coluber), iii. 1 cerberus (Homalopsis), iii. 16. Cercaspis, i. 348, Cercocalamus, iii. 255. cervina (Coronella), iii. corvinus (Coluber), iii, 5 atl (Lycognathus), ii, 57. ‘asi (Ela: his), ii. 46, cetti (Natrix} i 219. ceylanicus (Coluburus), i, 158. ceylanicus (Pseudo- Typhlops), i. 158. sacs (Aspidura), i. 10. ceylonensis(Bothrodytes), iii, 607. oyna (Dipsado- rae hus), iii. 66. onensis (Dipsas), iii. 6, 69. om) ceylonensis (Haplocer- cus), i. 309. ceylonensis (Odontomus), i, 370. ceylonensis (Trimesurus), iii. 528. ceylonensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 252; iii. 607. ia ay? pam i. 155, ceylonicus (Bungarus), iii aaa ha ceylonicus (Coloburus), i. i 1 ceylonicus (Plectrurus), i. 146. ceslonious (Siluboura), i. onside (Uropeltis), i. 158. chairecacos (Dendrophis), ii. 88. chalceus (Prymnomio- don), i, 192 or bea (Geophis), ii. aoe 318, 319, 320, 321, chalyeam (Catostoma), i, 318, ar (Elapoides), ii. chalybeeus (Hemiodon- tus), iii, 22. alae (Alopecophis), ii. 57. chalybeus (Geophis), ii. 318, 300. ~ Chameetortus, iii, 98. chamissonis (Coronella), ii, 119. chamissonis (Dromicus), ii. 119. chamissonis (Opheomor- = Peae ii. 120. championi (Geophis), ii 321, vo chanleri (Simocephalus), iii. 617. charasii (Coluber), iii. 482. Charina, i. 130. Charinide, i. 71. Charinina, i. 93, Chatachlein, i, 414. Cheilorhina, ii, 188. chelonicephalus (Aipy- surus), iii, 304. porte (Dendrophis), ii. 96. me “ipa (Leptophis), ii. chersma (Vipera), iii. 476, 482 oe chersea (Coluber), iii, , 482. chersea (Pelias), iii. 473, 477. cherseoides (Natrix), i. 235 Chersodromus, i, 295, chersoides (Tropido- notus), i, 236. Chersydrus, i. 173. chesnei (Coluber), i. 399, hie (Natrix), ii. ‘ Chilabothrus, i. 93. childreni (Liasis), i. 77, 418. chilensis (Coronella), iii. tay , chilensis (Di 6 aa 118. ek chilensis (Mesotes), iii, 118, chilensis (Tachymenis), iii. 118. Chilolepis, i. 379, Chilomeniseus, i ii. 272. Chilopoma, i, 193, chinensis (Hypsirhina), iii. 8. chinensis (Simotes), ii chinensis (Tropidonotus), i, 233. Chionactis, ii. 255. Chironius, ii. 24, 71, 118. chitalonensis (Dromicus), iii. 207. Chitulia, iii. 285. chlorechis (Atheris), iii, 508. ar * i te ace ii. chine “(Hyaro his), iii. 281, 284. 4 chloris (Pelamis), iii. 284. Chloroechis, iii. 508. chloroechis (Atheris), iii. 508 508. chloroechis (KEehis), iii. 508. chloroechis (Toxicoa), iii. 508. chloroechis (Vipera), iii. ee ‘ chlorophxa(Hypsiglena), il. 309. sesh Chlorophis, ii. 91. Chlorosoma, ii, 255 ; iii. 127. chlorosoma (Coluber), in. 38 chloroticum (Dendr- ophidium), ii. 16. chloroticus (Drymobius), ii. 16. Chondropython, i. 90. Chondropythonina, i. 74. Chondropythonine, i. 74. Chorisodon, iii. 151. Choristodon, iii, 245. chrysargoides (Amphies- ma), i. 260. chrysargoides (Tropido- notus), i. 260. chrysargum (Amphies- ma), i. 258, 260. chrysargus (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 252, 258; iii 608. Chrysenis, i. 99. chrysobronchus (Phry- nonax), ii. 22, chrysobronchus (Spi- lotes), ii. 22. chap eee (Eutznia), 208 ;. iii. 600. chiyueesphitin (Tropido- notus), i. 203; iii. 600, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, chrysochlora Abia hos pelea). iii. 198. chrysochloros (Dendr- ophis), iii. 196. chrysogaster (Homalo- chilus), i. 98. Chrysopelea, iii. 149, 193, 195. chrysopeleoides (Elaps), iii. 409, chrysostictus (Tachy- nectes), i. 280. chrysostoma (Rhadinza), ii. 167. Churchillia, ii. 25. cincta (Carphophis); ii. 2738. cinctus (Ablabes), ii. 283. cinctus (Chilomeniscus), ii, 273. cinerea (Boa), i. 87. cinereus (Alsophis), ii. 124, cinereus (Bothrops), iii. 35. cinereus (Cerberus), iii. cinereus (Coluber), iii. cinereus (Hydrus), iii. acess (Simotes), ii. cinereus (Typhlops), i cinbemotnea (Natrix), ii. circinalis (Elaps), iii. 420, 423 cisticeps (Dipsadomorus), iii. 462. cisticeps (Leptognathus), iii. 462. citrinus (Thrasops), i. 17. Cladophis, iii. 185. clarkii (Natrix), i. 238. clarkii (Regina), i. 238. apoige (Tropidonotus), i, 238. clathratus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 107. clavata (Rhadinza), ii. clavatus (Dromicus), ii 1 Clelia, iii. 99. cleopatree (Aspis), 503 clericus (Ophibolus), ii 200. 665 cliffordii (Coluber), i. 411. cliffordii (Zamenis), i. Cliftia, i. 94. climacophorus (Coluber), A ii. 54, Cleelia, iii. 212. clelia (Brachyruton), iii. 109, 11i. cleelia (Coluber), iii. 108. cleelia (Lycodon), iii. 109, 111, 112. clelia (Oxyrhopus), iii 108, Clonophis, i. 285. Clothelaps, iii. 510. Clotho, iii. 492. clotho (Cobra), i iii, 493. clotho (Coluber), iii. 493. clotho (Echidna), iii. 494. - Clothonia, i. 122. cobella (Coluber), ii. 166 cobella (Coronella), ii, 166 cobella (Elaps), ii. 166. cobella (Liophis), ii. 166, 167. et Agpitomorpnne) i. 166 sabella (Rhadinzea), ii. 166. Cobra, iii. 471, 492. coccinea (Cemophora), ii. 214 ; iii. 640, coccinea (Coronella), ii. 205. coccinea spate ii. 205. coccineus (Coluber), ii coccineus (Elaps), ii. 214. coccineus (Heterodon), ii. 214, coccineus (Ophibolus), ii. 201. coccineus (Rhinostoma), ii. 214, coccineus (Simotes), ii, 214 cochinchinensis(Simotes), ii. 219. Cochliophagus, iii. 446, Ccelognathus, ii. 25. Ceelopeltis, iii. 141, 144. cognatus (Heterodon), ii. 155. colchica (Tropidonotus), i, 219 666 collare (Microsoma), iii. 250, 251. collaris is (Ablabes), i. 184; collaris. ‘(Cercocalamus), iti. collaris (Coluber), ii. 260. collaris (Contia), ii. 260; iii. 642. collaris (Coronella), ii. 261. collaris (Cyclophis), ii. 261. collaris (Eirenis), ii. 260, 261 collaris (Elaps), iii. 393. collaris (Euteenia), i. au oe (Geoptyas), collaris (Hemibungarus), iii, 393 collaris (Homalosoma), ii. 262. collaris (Hoplocephalus), iii. 336. collaris (Idiopholis), ii. 327. collaris (Liophis), ii. 167. collaris (Miodon), iii. 251. collaris (Ophibolus), ii. 200. collaris(Polyodontophis), i. 184; iii, 597. collaris (Psammophis), i. B4 collaris, (Streptophorus), collaris (Trimorphodon), iti. 55. collaris Crees i. 209. Colobognathus, ii. 314, Coloburus, i. 144, Colophrys, i ii. 314. coloratus (Echis), iii. 507. Colorhogia, ii. 251. Coluber, i i. 193, 378, 379 ; - 24; iii. 43, 99: Colubridee, i. 169, 177; iii. 438, 597 Colubriens, i. 177. Colubriformes, i. 169. wry (Anguis), i. ea (Dendrophis), iii colubrina (Dipsas), iii. 39. colubrina (Eteirodipsas), iii. 39. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. colubrina (Tortrix), i. 126. Colubrine, i. 169, 177 ; iii. 597. Colubrini, i. 71, 177; iii 26 ), i. 125. ydrophis), colubrinus (Er colubrinus ( iii. colubrinus (Hydrus), iii, colubrinus (Platurus), iii. 308 colubrinus (Xenodon), ii. 146, 359 ; iii. 634. Colubroidea, i. 169. Comastes, ii, 208. communis (Coluber), i. 395 communis (Vipera), iii. 476, 482.) oneonmaee (Dipsas), iii. comorensis (Heterurus), iii. 42 comorensis (Typhlops), i. compressicauda (Natrix), i. 239 ; iii. 605. Bas Sis gs aps (Nero- dia), i. compreadonas (Tropi- donotus), i. 238; iii. 605. compressus (Coluber), ii. 39; iii. 58. compressus (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 57. compress (Dipsas), iii. compressus (Trypanur- gos), i ee 58. ner compsolemus (Tropido- notus), i. 238, P Compsophis, iii. 609. Compsosoma, ii. 25. - coneinna (Eutainia), i. concinnus (Callophis), iii. 394 concinnus a a tus), i. 207, 2 concolor (Avarallsctus), iii. ob ~ concolor alamelaps), iii. 246. » concolor (Choristodon), iii, 246, concolor (Conophis), iii. 122. concolor (Hydromor- phus), ii. 185. concolor (Tropidonotus), i, 220. odtedle (Uriechis), iii. concolor (Xenopeltis), i. 168. condanarus (Psammo- phis), iii. 155, 165. ara (Coluber), iii. confinis (Scotophis), il. 49. confluenta (Caudisona), a 576. confluenta (Vipera), iii. 488. confluentus (Crotalus), iii, 576, 580, confluentus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. congestus (Onychocepha- . lus), i. congica (Atractaspis), iii. 513. congicus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 40 eongicus (Typhlops), i. 40 conica (Boa), i. 124. conicus (Eryx), i. 124. conicus (Gongylophis), i. 124 Coniophanes, i iii. 199. conirostris (Aporophis), ii. 135, conirostris (Liophis), ii. 134. wis (Lygophis), ii. 34. conirostris (Zamenis), iii 621. conjuncta (Coronella), ii. 203. ae (Glauconia), i. er ate (Lampropel- tis), il. (i galia) Pes Birk ngalia), i. 113. . a oon (Stenostoma) con aie enna rhos), i. conjunctus Comino nastes), iil, 174. conjunctus (Psammo- P30: iii. 174. njunctus a canes ated i. 113, Conocephalus, i i. 290, Oonocerques, iii. 310, Conophis, iii. 122. Conopsis, ii. 255. cae (Typhlops), i. 3. consors (Crotalophorus), iii. 572. conspicillata (Coronella) ii. 51, conspicillatus (Callopel- tis), ii. 51. conspicillatus (Coluber), ii. 51. a (Elaph.s), 1 conspicillatus (Tropido- notus), i. 222; iii. 604. Constrictor, i. 80, 116. constrictor (Baseanion), 1 SBF... constrictor (Boa), i. 117, 118, 119. constrictor (Coluber), i. 387, 389. constrictor (Corypho- don), i. 387 ; ii. 31. constrictor (Zamenis), 1 387 ; iii. 621. Constrictores, i. 71. constrictrix (Boa), i. 117. Contia, ii. 255. continentalis (Ungali- ophis), i. 114. contortrix (Agkistrodon), iii. 523. contortrix (Ancistrodon), iii. 522 contortrix (Boa), iii. 522. contortrix (Cenchris), ili. contortrix (Scytale), iii. 522. contortrix (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 522. eRe (Trimeresurus), i, 548, cook (Corallus), i. 99. cooperi (Eutainia), i. 201. cooperi (Tropidonotus), i, 201 copei (Adelophis), i. 289, copei (Storeria), i, 289. Cophiada, iii. 518. Cophias, iii. 519, 529. Cophiine, iii. 518. copii (Aspidura), i. 311. copii (Cemophora), ii, 214. a (Ischnognathus), i. 289 se: (Leptognathus), iii. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Cora, i. 285. corais (Coluber), ii. 31; iii. 627. or (Spilotes), i. 389; po a (Anguis), i. 133, 135. corallinus (Coluber), iii. 634. corallinus (Elaps), iii. 416, 417, 420, 423, 429, corallinus (Tortrix), i, 133 corallioides (Synchali- nus), ii. 70. coralliventris(Aporophis), ii. 159, Corallus, i. 99. cornuta (Bitis), iii, 497. coruuta (Cerastes), ili. 497 cornuta (Clotho), iii. 497. cornuta (Vipera), iii. 497. cornutus (Cerastes), iii. 502. cornutus (Coluber), iii. 502 cornwallisius (Liasis), i. coronata (Alecto), iii. 356. coronata (Apostolepis), iii. 233. coronata (Boa), iii. 111. coronata (Calamaria), ii, 96 coronata (Coronella), ii. 196. coronata (Denisonia), iii. coronata (Hydrophis), iii. 279. coronata (Pseudoboa), iii. 111 coronata (Scytale), iii, 111, 112 coronata (Tantilla), iii. 218. coronatum (Homalocra- nium), ili. 218, 224. coronatum (Scytale), iii, 111, 112, 113. coronatus (Cerastes), ii. 23 coronatus (Coluber), ii. 23. coronatus' (Elapomor- phus), iii. 233. ° coronatus (Elaps), iii 335. coronatus ( a goss lus), li. 336. 667 coronatus (Hydrophis), iii, 279. coronatus (Mizodon), ii. 96 coronatus (Olisthenes), iii. 112. coronatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 111. Coronella, i. 318, 320, 373; ii. 25, 126, 160, 188, 214, 277; iii. 88, 117, 124, 138, 175, 199. coronella (Ablabes), ii. 264. coronella (Calamaria), ii. coronella (Coluber), ii. coronella (Contia), ii. 264. coronella (Homalosoma), ii. 264 Coronellx, i. 177; iii. 26. Coronellidz, i. 177; iii. 26. Coronellins, i. 177. coronelloides (Homalo- soma), ii. 264. coronilla (Natrix), ili. 191. coronoides (Denisonia), iii. 336. coronoides (Hoplocepha- Jus), iii. 336. corpulenta (Atractaspis), iii. 514. corpulentum (Brachycra- nium), iii. 514. corpulentus (Atractaspis), iii. 513, 514, 516. | Coryphodon, i. 374, 379 ; ii. 7, 9, 188. Coryphodontiens, i. 177. Cosmiosophis, ii. 180. couchii (Eutainia), i. 210. couchii (Nerodia), i. 243. couchii (Thamnophis), iii. 601. couchii (Tropidonotus), i. 210; iii. 601. couperi (Coluber), ii. 31. couperi (Georgia), ii. 31. couperi (Spilotes), ii. 31. sig re re lili. 5 crassa ' (Homolopsis), iii, 644 crassa (Nardoa), i. 78. crassatus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 47. erassatus (Typhlops), i 47. 668 crassicaudatum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. $04, 310. crassicaudatus (Atractus), ii, 310. crassicollis (Hydrophis), iii, 295. crassifrons (Philodryas), iii. 129, 634. erassum (Ophthalmi- dion), i. 28. crassus (Epicrates), iii. 593. crassus (Simotes), ii. 219. crawshayi (Naja), iii. 378. Crealia, i. 144. crebripunctatus (Elaps), iii. 423. crebripunctatus (Tropi- donotus), i. 262. crista-galli (Langaha), iii. 37. crococatus (‘Typhlops), i. 27. Crossanthera, ii. 9. crussii (Simocephalus), iii. 618. crossii (Typhlops), i. 52. Crotalide, iii. 518. Crotaliens, iii. 518. Crotalina, iii. 518. Crotalinag, iii. 518, Crotalini, iii. 518, Crotalinus, iii. 572. crotalinus (Coluber), iii. 534 crotalinus (Cophias), iii. 534 crotalinus (Craspedoce- phalus), iii. 534. Crotaloidea, iii. 518. Crotalophorus, iii. 569. Crotalus, iii. 529, 569, 572. Crotaphopeltis, iii. 88. ° cruciatum (Rhabdion), ii. 245. * erucifer (Coluber), iii. 169 crucifer (Psammophis), iii. 169. cruentatus (Coluber), ii. 41 cruentatus (Simotes), ii. 231. Orypsidomus, iii. 632. Cryptelytrops, iii. 529. Cryptodacus, ii. 251. cube (Typhlops ps), i. 31. eubanus (‘Tetranorhinus), iii. 610, cubanus (Tropidonotus), i, 282, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. cubensis (Dromicus), ii. 140, cucullata (Coronella), iii. 175. cucullata (Diemansia), iii. eueullata (Furina), iii. cucullatum (Lycodon), i. 365. cucullatum (Petrody- mon), iii. 317. eucullatus (Coluber), iii. . 17 5. cucullatus (Lielaphis), i. 365. cucullatus (Lycognathus), iii. 175. cucullatus (Macroproto- don), iii. 175. cucullatus A -emccacl lax), iii. cucullatus uiedvatiow, i. 365. cuculliceps (Leptogna- thus),’1i. 296. cuculliceps (Tropidodip- sas), ii. 296. cumingi (Onychocepha- lus), i, 51. cumingii (Onychophis), i. 5L cumingii (Typhlops), i. dl. cuneiformis (Cadmus), i. 7 cunei rostris (Typhlops), i. 32. eupreuin (Rhinostoma), li. wi Fs ‘(Coluber), ii. ae yr (Epicarsius), i. cupreus (Epicrates), i DB ; ; lii. 592. ; “ (Leptophis), ii. cupreus (Pseudechis), iii. cupreus (Scytalus), iii. 22. mp fos (Thrasops), ii. cursor (Coluber), ii. 189. cursor (Dromicus), ii. 39, ea HLF esi vert i ryas), ii, 139, 1 cursor (Tiophi is), ii, 139. Cursoria, i. 1 curta (Alecto), iii. 335, 351, curta (Aspidoboa), i i, 89. curta Co iii, curta (Hydrophis), i 300. curta (Naja), iii. 353. curta (Ungualia), i. 113. oi (Cylindrophis), curtus (Enhydris),iii. 300. curtus oor iii, 351, 353 curtus ( Hydrus), iii. 300. ay (Lapemis), iii. ates (Python), i. 89. curtus (‘T'yphlops), i. 34. curvirostris (Coluber), i. 404. we bie (Typhlops), i. 48. Cusoria, i. 122. cuvieri (Oalamaria), ii. 344, cyanea (Dipsas), ii. 72. eyaneus (Dipeeacateet phus), iti. 72. cyanocincta (Distira), iii. 294. eyanocineta (Hydrophis), iii. 292, 295. cyanocinotus (Enhydris), iii, 295. pgentcacar (Hydro- phis), iii. cyanocinctus iii. 295. cyanopleurus (Aporo- phis), ii. 142. cyanurus (Crotalinus), iii, 579. Oyclagras, ii. 144, 180. cyclides (Thamnophis), i. 209. : Htyarus), Cyclocorus, i. 326. Oyclophiops, ii. 277. Cyclophis, ii. 255, 277. mre aS (Tropidonotus), eyclopium -(Natrix), i, i. O44 + ; iii. 606. eyelopiu (Nerodia), i, eyclopium (‘Tropidono- psy i. 244; iii, 606. 7 (Helicops), i cyclura (Ooronella), ii 219. cyclurus (Simotes), ii. 219. Cylindrophis, i. 134. cynodon (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 78. eynodon (Dipsas), iii. 64, 73, 78, 80. cynodon (Hudipsas), iii. 79 eynodon (Opetiodon), iii. 79 Cynophis, ii. 24. Cyrtophis, iii. 390. cyrtopsis (Eutainia), i 209; iii. 601. eyrtopsis (Thamnophis), i. 209. Daboia, iii. 471. deemelii (Denisonia), iii. 339. deemelii (Hoplocephalus), iii. 339. dahlii (Psammophis), i 397. dahlii (Tyria), i. 397. dahlii (Zamenis), i. 397, — 403 ; iii. 628. dahomeyensis (Atractas- pis), ii. 516. Dapatnaya, i. 140. darnleyensis (Dendr- ophis), ii. 80. darnleyensis (Lycodon), i. 365. darwini (Atropos), iil. 49. darwini (Bothrops), iii - 649. darwini (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 549. darwiniensis (Hydr- elaps), iii. 270. darwiniensis (Pseud- echis), iii. 330. Dasypeltine, ii. 353. Dasypeltis, ii. 353. daudinii (Clelia), i 108. daudini (Pseudoeryx), ii. 6 davidi (Coluber), ii. 56. davidi (Tropidonotus), ii. 56. davidsoni (Plectrurus), i. davisonii (Dryocalamus), davisonii (Hydrophobus), i. 372. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. davisonii i. 162, davisonii (Ulupe), i. 372. dayana (Oantoria), iii. 28. ih (Hydrophis), iii. (Plectrurus), neener (Herpetodryas), i. 75. dissount ini (Contia), ii. decemlineatus (Ablabes), ii. 260. decemlineatus (Hirenis), ii. 260. ee es (Ablabes), ii. 181. decipiens (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 204. decipiens (Tachymenis), iit 204. ; pest a ( (Coronella), ii. decorata (Rhadinwa), ii. 176, 359. decoratus (Diadophis), ii. 176, 178. decoratus (Elaps), iii. 419. decorosus (Ophthalmi- dion), i. 38. decorosus (T'yphlops), i. 38 decorus (Aheetulla), ii. 78. decorus (Coluber), ii. 78. decosteri (Elapechis), iii. 360 decosteri (EHlapsoidea), iii. 360. decurtata (Phimothyra), i, 417. decurtata (Salvadora), i 417. decurtatus | (Lytorhyn- chus), i. 417. decurtatus (Phyllorhyn- chus), i. 417. decussata (Anguis), i. 136, decussata (Homalopsis), iii. 4. decussatus (Elaps), iii. 431 defilip pii (Causus), iii. 469. defilippii iii. 469. defilippii (Oxyrhina), ii. 269 (Heterodon), degener (Opisthoplus), iii. dogenhardti (Calamaria), iii. 669 degenhardtii (Steno- rhina), iii, 229. Deirodon, ii. 353. dekayi (Ischnognathus), i, 286, 287 ; iii. 611. dekayi (Storeria), i. 286 ; iii. 611. dekayi (Tropidonotus), i. 286 ackey! (Typhlops), i. 45. delalandii (Typhlops), i. 45 ; iii. 588. Demansia, iii. 820. Dendraspidide, iii, 310. Dendraspidina, iii. 310. Dendraspis, iii. 434. Dendrechides, iii. 310. Dendrelaphis, ii. 87. Dendroechis, iii. 434. Ere, i177; iii. 6. Dendrophidium, ii. 9. dendrophila (Boiga), iii. 70. dendrophila (Dipsas), iii. 0 dendrophilum (Trigly- phodon), iii. 70. dendrophilus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 70. dendrophiops (Tropido- notus), i. 264. Dendrophis, ii. 71, 77, 87, 98, 102, 105, 115; iii. 186, 195. dendrophis (Dendrophi- dium), ii. 15. dendrophis (Drymobius), li, 15, 357; iii. 626. dendrophis (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 14, 15. Denisonia, iii. 332, dennysi (Simotes), ii. 218. deppei (Elaphis), ii. 66. deppei (Pituophis), ii. 66. deppei (Spilotes), ii, 67. deppei (Tantilla), iii. 222. deppii (Coluber), ii. 66. ore (Elapochrous), ii, deppii (Homalocranium), lil. depressirostris (Lept- ophis), ii. 107. depressirostris _ (Philo- thamnus), ii. 107. oon (Typhlops), i, deserti (Vipera), iii. 488. erento (Pituophis), 670 dhara (Coluber), iii. 52. dhumna (Coluber), i. 385. dhumnades (Coluber), i. 375. dhumnades A oe on don), i. 376. dhumnades (Zaocys), i 5. Diacrantériens, i. 177. diadema (Brachysoma), iii. 319, diadema (Calamaria), iii. 319. diadema (Catachleena), i. lL 415. diadema (Chatachlein), i. 415. diadema (Coluber), i. 399, 411 diadema (Furina), iii. 319. diadema (Heterodon), i. 415, diadema (Hydrophis), iii. 284. diadema (Lytorhynchus), i. 415. diadema (Pseudelaps), iii. 319. Beale (Simotes), i. 415. diadema (Zamenis), i, 411; iii. 625. diademata (Ninia), i. 292. diadematus (Streptopho- rus), i, 292. Diadophis, ii. 160, 188, 7. Diaphorotyphlops, i. 7. ping (Typhlops), i. 22. diasii (Chionactis), ii. 268. diastema (Elaps), iii. 423. diastema (Liophis), ii. 183. dichroa (Herpetodryas), ii, 30. dichromatus ({yphlops), i, 20. dichrous (Coluber), ii. 30. dicranta (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. Dicraulax, ii. 215. Diemansia, iii, 315, 320. Diemenia, iii. 320. dightoni (Dipsas), i 69. dightonii (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 62. digitalis (Coluber), iii. 101. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. —. (Aporophis), ii. dilepis (L ‘aad 4% ygophis), ii. 58; iii. 634. Dinara i i. 272; ii. 185; dimidiata (Calamaria), ii. 333 dimidiata (Glauconia), i. 64. dimidiata (Leptogna- thus), iii. 549. dimidiatum (Pilidion), i. 25. ; dimidiatum (Stenosto- ma), i. eB (Elapochrus), i. 183. dimidiatas (Elapomoius), iii. 238. dimidiatus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 288. dimidiatus (Leptogna- thus), iii. 459. dimidiatus (Mesopeltis), iii, 459. dimidiatus (Pliocercus), ii. 183. dimidiatus (Rhinocala- | mus), ili, 247. dimidiatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 274. dindigalensis (Silybura), i. 152. ainga, (Onychocephalus), dined “typhtops i i. 45, Dinodipsas, iii. Dinodon, i. 360. Dinophis, iii 434. dione (Ocelopeltis), ii. 44. dione (Chironius), ii. 44. ‘ dione (Coluber), ii. 44. ee (Elaphis), ii. 44, - 4 Dipeltophis, iii, 644. Diplophallus, iii. 599. Diplotropis, ii, 105. diplotropis (Aheetulla), li, 11 diplotropis (Hapsido- . Pry i 10. a at (Leptophis), diporus (Bothrops), iii. 542. een i. 177 ; iii. 26, ba, 7 es (Hypaspistes), Digeadiens, i ili, 26. — dipsadina (Ungalia), i. — galia) Dipsadine, iii. 26. Dipsadobna, iii. 39, 81. Dipsadomorphinw, iii. See oasephhs, iii. 53, at ees iii, 446, Dips ii. 292 ; iii. 38, 39, 53, 58, 59, 82, 83, 88, 115, 117, 124, 138, 439, 440, 446, 460, dipsas (Aheetulla), iii, oy (Hemidryas), iii. dipsas (Herpetodryas), Bas, rpetodryas), i, dipsas (Tropidonotus), i. 223, 258. dipsas (Zamenis), i. 383; lii. 621. Dipsina, iii. 144. Dirosema, ii. 298. Dirrbox, iii. 127. dirus (Bothrops), iii. 535, et ala. Far — (Leptodira), ii dheac (Dryophis), iii. 179, dispar (‘Tragops), iii. 179, ge rier ee ops), i. 538. ausparilis (Typhlops), i. Dispholidus, iii. 186. dissimile (Stenostoma), i. dissimilis (Glauconia), i, dissoleucus (Elaps), iii. 422. Re) distans jars 8), iii. 428, as (Glauconia), i. 271, 2865, Distichurus, iii. 465, distinctus (Bothriophis), iii, 142. eae (Tropidophis), i Distira, iii. 285. Ditypophis, iii. 46. cy age (Elaps), iii. Dineiéa iii. 802. diversus (Typhlops), iii. 584. Sa ee te ee diviniloqua (Boa), i. 118, 119 diviniloquus tor), i. 118. docilis (Diadophis), ii. (Constric- ’ doliata (Coronella), ii 200, 201, 203, 205; iii. 638. doy (Disteira), iii. 276, 8 doliata (Hydrophis), iii. 276, 278, 298. oa (Lampropeltis), i ii. dota (Coluber), ii. 131, 205. doliatus (Ophibolus), i 200, 201, 203, 205. doliatus (Ophiomorphus), ieee doliatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 57, 106 dolichocephalum (Cato- stoma), ii. 320. dolichocephalus (Colo- bognathus), ii. 320. dolichocephalus (Elap- oides), ii. 320 dolichocephalus (Geo- phis), ii. 320. dolicocercus (Dromicus), i. 246. dolichocercus (Tropido- notus), i. 246 ; iii. 607. Doliophis, iii. 899. — dolleyanus (Holarchus), iii. 640, eT ra (Coluber), i. 0 domicella (Coluber), iii. 409. dora (Coluber), i. 230. dorbignyi (Apostolepis), ili. 236.- dorbignyi (Calamaria), ili. 236. dorbignyi (Heterodon), ii. 151. dorbignyi (Lystrophis), ii. 151 ; iii. 114. dorbignyi (Oxyrhopus), iii. 103. dori (Ablabes), ii. 279. doriz (Oyclophiops), ii. 279. doris (Homalophis), iii, dorise(Hypsirhina),jii. 13. dorize (Psainmophis), iii. dl. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. dorri (Periops), i. 410. dorri (Zamenis), i. 410. dorsale (Gonyosoma), i 398. dorsale Pavtaphicine) iii, 628 dorsale (Oligodon), ii. 234. dorsalis (Ahetulla), ii 101. dorsalis (Alecto), iii. 343. dorsalis (Dromicus), ii. 119. dorsalis (Drymobius), ii. 12. dorsalis (Elaps), ii. 241 ; iii. 410 dorsalis (Hutainia), i. dorsalis (Homorelaps), iii. 410. dorsalis (Ialtris), iii. 137. dorsalis (Leptophis), ii. 101 dorsalis (Liophis), ii. 170 dorsalis (Oligodon), i 241. ata LO pmomnapins), ii. 170. dotialt (Pelias), iii. 477. veh (Philodryas), iii. 37 dorsalis (Philothamnus), ii, 101; iii. 631. dorsalis (Peecilophis), iii. 410. dorsalis § (Pseudoxeno- don), i. 271 dorsalis Sropitonots); - J. 207, 271. dorsata (Cleelia), i iii, 215. dorsatus (Tomodon), iii. 121. dorsopictus (Pareas), iii. 442 dorsuale (Xiphosoma), i. 101. dougesii (Diadophis), ii. 208. Draco, i. 93, 99, 115, 1 et (Dipsadomor- us), iii. 74, drapiesis (Dipsas), iii. 74. drapiezii (Triglyphodon), ili. 74. Drepanodon, iii. 639. dromiciformis | (Conio- phanes), iii. 205. 671 _ dromiciformis (Krythro- lamprus), iii. 205, dromiciformis (Tachy- menis), lii, 205. yy Dromicodryas, i. 189; iii. 599. Dromicus, ii. 9, 118, 126, 157, 160; iii. 633. Dromophis, iii. 149. ee (Streptophorus), i. drummondi li. 291. Dryadide, i. 26. (Farancia), 177; iil. dryinas (Caudisona), iii. 973. dryinas (Crotalus), iii. 73. Dryinus, iii. 177, 189. Dryiophide, iii. 26. Dryiophis, iii. 35. Drymobius, i. 379; ii. 8, 25 ; ili. 626. Dryocalamus, i. 369. Dryophidine, iii. 26. Dryophilide, i. 177; iii. 26. Dryophiops, iii. 193. Dryophis, iii. 177, 185, 189, 193. Dryophylax, iii. 34, 115, 27, 149. Duberria, i. 320, 373; ii. 273 ; iii. 99, 212. duberria (Coluber), ii. 274. duberria (Elaps), ii. 274. dubium (Geophidium), li. 322. dubium (Rhabdosoma), ii. 308. dubium (Xenodon), ii. 243. dubius (Acrochordus), i, 173. dubius (Geophis), ii. 322, 323. duboisi (Atractus), ii. 0. ane (Rhabdosoma), ii. 310. dubnisii Aipysurus), iii. oar (Aipysurus) duceboracensis (Liasis), i. 84. dugesi (Elapoides), — ii, 317. dugesii (Catodon), i. 70. dugesii (Geophis), ii. 317. dugesii (Rena), i. 70. 672 dugesii (Siagonodon), i. 70. dulce (Stenostoma), i, 65. dulcis A a ton i. 65; iii. dulcis Ctptokyphlope) 1 ' 65. dulcis (Rena), i. 65. dumerili (Calamaria), ii 43, dumerilii (Acrantophis), | i. 120. dumerilii (Boa), i. 120; iii. 594. dumerilii (Coronella), i. Ds dumerilii (Dendrophis), ii. 8. dumerilii (Disteira), iii. 9 ‘ 289. dumerilii (Dromicus), ii 181. dumerilii dumerilii (Meizodon), i. 227. dumerilii (Stegonotus), i. 368. : dumerilii (Urotheca), 1i. dumfrisiensis (Coluber), icon (Silibura), i, 150. durissa (Caudisona), iii, 574, 578. durissus (Crotalus), iii. 578, 576, 577, 579. durissus (Uropsophus), iii, 579. dussumieri (Boa), i. 121. dussumieri (OCasarea), i. Soria (Eurostus), iii. 19. dussumieri (Hypsirhina), iii. 19. dussumieri (Leptoboa), i. 121. dysopes (Diadophis), ii. 206. Echidna, iii. 471, 492, BOL. Echidnoides, iii, 471. Echinanthera, iii. 634. Eechis, iii, 504, 508. echis (Vipera), iii, 488, 505. edwardsii (Oaudisona), iii. 571. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. edwardsii bey am ras), iii, 571. — (Crotalus), iii 5 — ae eee), prodces 356. Kirenis, i ii. 255. eiseni (Opbibolus), ii. 197. Elachistodon, iii. 263. Blachistodontine, iii, 263. (Lycodon), i. elaiocroma (Ficimia), ii. 271. Elapechis, iii. 358. Elaphis, ii. 24. elaphis (Coluber), ii 45. elaphis (Natrix), ii. 46. ar i (Coluber), i caphoides (Tropidono- tus), i. , Elapida, i i 310. Elapide, iii, 310. elapiformis iii, 23. elapiformis (Hemiodon- sir k iii. 23. elapiformis (Hydrodip- sas), iii. 23. Elaping, iii. 310. Elapocephalus, iii. 239, 320. Elapochrous, i ii. 180. Elapocranium, iii. 320. Elapognathus, iii. 356, Elapoides, i. 306 ; ii. 314, elapoides (Calamaria), i. 307, elapoides (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 347. ss 7 (Liophis), ii. 83 eat (Lycophidium), i. 343. elapoides (Micropechis), jing ‘(Pliocercus), ii. 182 elapoides (Urotheca), ii. 182, 359; iii. 636. Elapomoius, iii. 237. Elapomorphus, iii. 231, 282, 2, 237, 238, 255. Elapops, iii, 262, Elaposchema, iii. 248, Elapotinus, iii, 244. Elaps, iii. 315, 320, 332, 361, 390, 392, 396, 399, 405, 408, 411. (Cantoria), c elaps (Atractus), ii. 802. elaps (Geophis), ii. ae wer (Hamadryas), iii elaps (Naja), iii. 347, dave (0 hiophagus), iii io , iii. $47,386. la ; (Rhabdosoma), ii. elaps (‘Trimeresurus), iii 347. Elapsoidea, iii. 358. RR Tw (Calamaria), dis siden (Osceola), eo Fee = Lge . oideus (Lampropel- tis), j ii. 205. Pie, elegans (Arizona), ii. 66. elegans (Aturia), iii, 278. elegans (Boa), i. 101. elegans (Coluber), iii. 167. 5 (Coronella), i. 175, elegans (Oraspedoceph- us), iii. 552. elegans (Oursoria), i. 128, elegans (Cusoria), i. 128, — (Daboia), iii. 90 elegans (Dendrophis), ii. elegans (Dromicus), iii. elegans (Dryophylax), iii, py (Dryophylax) togans (Echidna), _ iii. elegans (Elaps), iii. 418. elegans (Enicognathus), ii. 173. elegans (Eryx), i. 128. — (Eutainia), i. 202, clegans (Himantodes), iii. el¢; ans (Hydrophis), iii. rn 376, 278; yerop eguns (Le tognathus), ‘ies 452. R f elegans (Ly is), iii. £33, gophis), — (Macrosoma), iii. “re (Ophthalmidion), ns (Philod as), iii, ng, ry — (Pityophis), ii. elegans (Psammophis), ili. elegans (Rhinechis), ii. 66 elegans (Tachymenis), iii. 133. elegans (Thamnophis), iii. 601. elegans (Trimesurus), iii. : 555. elegans (Tropidonotus), i. 208. elegans (Typhlops), i, 37. elegans ( adel iii. 490. af (Virginia), ii. oleae aaa (Coluber), iii. elegantissimus (Zamenis), i. 402. elliot (Halys), i i. 267. ellioti (Hydrophis), iii. 290. ellioti elliot (Silybura), i. 153, 54, 155, 158; iii. 596. ait A ae gt cscs elongata (Cantoria), iii. elongata (Dasypeltis), ii. 355. emini (Aheetulla), ii. 92. emini (Chlorophis), ii. 92 emini (Glauconia), i. 64 emmeli (Atractus), ii. 311; iii. 645. emmeli (Geophis), ii. 311. emoryi (Coluber), ii. 40. emoryi (Natrix), ii. 40. emoryi (Scotophis), ii. 40. emunctus (Helminth- ophis), i. 7. emunctus (Idiotyphlops) i i. 6. em Sosa (Typhlops), i 6. Emydocephalus, iii. 303. enganensis (Coluber), ii. 63. Enhydrina, iii. 302. Enhydris, iii. 271, 285, enhydris (Homalopsis), iii. 7. enhydris (Hydrus), iii. 6. enhydris (Hypsirhina), iii. 6, VOL, ITI, (Oligodon), ii. _ @piscopum ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Enicognathus, i. 181; ii. 160. ensifera (Langaha), iii. 36 Entechinus, iii. 643. Enulius, ii. 249; iii. 641. enydris (Boa), i. 101. Enygrus, i. 104, 109. enyo (Caudisona), iii. 580. enyo (Crotalus), iii. 580. Epanodontiens, i i. 3. ephippicus _(Chilomen- iscus), ii, 273. ephippifer (Elaps), ili. 423. Epicarsius, i. 94. Epicrates, i. 93. Epictia, i. 59. Epiglottophis, iii. 627. epinephelus (Liophis), ii. 137. episcopa (Contia), ii. 265, 266. episcopum __(Homalo- soma), ii. 265. (Lampro- soma), ii. 265. ee (Elaps), iii. 2 eques (Boa), i. 119. eques (Coluber), i. 209. eques (Tropidonotus), i. 209; iii. 601 erebennus (Spilotes), ii. 1. Erebophis, i. 104. eremita (Coluber), ii. 44. Erpetodryas, ii. 71. Erpeton, iii. 25. erpeton (Rhinopirus), iii. 25. Eryces, i. 93. Erycide, i. 71. Erycides, i. 74, 93. Erycina, i. 93. erythrogaster (Bothri- ophis), i. 395. erythrogaster (Coluber), 1, 242, 395. erythrogaster (Nerodia), i, 243. erythrognater (Tropido- notus), i, 242. — (Calopel- tis), 1. 395. pai econ (Oalo- pisma), ii. 290, erythrogrammus (Abas- tor), li. 290; iii. 644. erythrogrammus (Colu- ber), ii : 673) erythrogrammus (Heli- cops), ii. 290. be ect ergo (Homa- lopsis), ii. : erythro rammus (Hy- avi, ii. Erythrolampring, i iii. 26. i ara tem iii. 99, 199. erythronota(Apostolepis), iii. 236. erythronotus (El byes phus), iii. 236, erythrurum (Compso- soma), li. 62. erythrurus (Coluber), ii. 62, 358 ; ili. 628. erythrurus (Plagiodon), ii. 62. erythrurus (‘Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 554. erythrurus (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 555. Eryx, i. 122. eryx (Tortrix), i. 126, 127. Eryxina, i i. 93. eschrichtii ec chus), i. eschrichtii dion), i. 42. eschrichtii (Typhlops), i. 2. 124, (Ophthalmis ’ ? Eteirodipsas, iii. 38, 53, 88. Eudipsas, iii. 58. Eudryas, ii. 9. Eugnathiens, i. 177. Eugnathus, i. 327. Eumesodon, i. 360. Eunectes, i. 116. Euophrys, iii. 127. eupheeus (Olisthenes), iii. 112, euphratica (Daboia), iii. 488. euphratica (Vipera), ii. 488. euproctus (Typhlops), i. 16. Hurostus, iii. 2, 19. Eurypholis, ii. 277. Eurystephus, iii. 510. Eurystomata, iii. 310, 463. euryxanthus (Elaps), iii. 415. Mares (Elapochrus), i. 182. Saicpaead (Urotheca), ii, 182. 2x 674 euryzonus (Pliocercus), ii. 182. Eutainia, i. 193. eutropis (Phrynonax), ii. 22; iii. 626. evansii (Ooronella), ii. - 199. evansii (Ophibolus), ii 99. everetti (Doliophis), iii. 404. ** everetti (Calamaria), ii. 340. everetti (Oligodon), ii. 239; iii. 640. mer ey (Typhlops), i. exigua (Boa), i. 102. ge (Dromicus), ii aus Cerone), i. Bs ae oronella), ue (Coluber), ii. 197, 200. eximius (Ophibolus), ii 200. exoceti (Typhlops), i. 36. Exorhina, ii ; exsul (Crotalus), iii. 576. extenuatum (Stilosoma), ii. 325; iii. 646. eydouxii (Aipysurus), iii. 304. ew iii. (Tomogaster), faireyi.(Eutainia), i. 213. Falconeria, i. 290. fillax (Atractaspis), iii. 517. fallax (Dipsas), iii. 48, 50. fullax (Stenostoma), i. 63. fallax (Tarbophis), iii. 48, fallax (Tropidonotus), i. 219. familiaris (Eryx), i. 126. Farancia, ii. fasciata (Anguis), i i. 133, fasciata (Boa), iti. 365. fasciata (Chitulia), iii. 275. fasciata (Contia), ii. 262. fusciata (Dendrophis), ii. 85, ), iii, 78. isteira), iii, fasciata (Di — ( taioidin (Farancia), ii. 291. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. fasciata (Geophis), ii. 296. fasciata (Higina), ii. 187. fasciata ( oe iii. F 277, Ash Fon dina asciata ( togna us), ii, 294. : fasciata (Liopala), iii. 281. fasciata (Natrix), i. 243; iii. 606. 380, fasciata (Naja), iii. 386. fasciata (Nerodia), i. 242. ary, (Potamophis), i. 4. fasciata (Pseudoboa), iii. 365. fasciata ae ili. fasciata (Vermicella), i iii. 364. fasciata (Virginia), ii. 296. fasciatum (Alopecion), i.» 342. sbi fasciatum(Lycophidium), i. 342. ~ fasciatus (Ablabes), ii, 262. fasciatus (Acrochordus), ; i. 174. a asciatus (Bungarus), iii 365, 366. rani fasciatus (Chersydrus), i. 174. er eri mat ii. 273. fasciatus (Coluber), i. 242. fasciatus (Cyclophis), ii. 262. fasciatus (Dasypeltis), ii. rl te ) ae PT 715 yt iii. 452 fasciatus (Hirenis),ii. 262. fasciatus (Hlapoides), ii fnsciat (Blapoidia) ‘asciatus idis), 293. < a (Hipistes), iii. ideas (Hydrophis), i iii, 281, 302. fasciatus (Hydrus), iii. 281. fasciatus (Lepidocepha- lus), i. 362. fasciatus (Lycodon), i. 358 ; iii. aie fasciatus (Oligodon), ii, 243. fasciatus (Ophiophagus), iii. 347. hites), i. eb fasciatus (O te elamis), gare ( sattase (Phrynonax i, 21; iii. 626. fasciatus (Platurus), iii, 307, 308 faseiatus (Spilotes), ii. 21, fasciatus (Tropidonotus),. . 1. 238, 242 ; iii. ‘ea fasciolata (Alecto), i fasciolata Dasypeltis ," iii. 648. nid. oe" fasciolata (Tyria), i. 404. ee (Coluber), i.’ fasciolatus (Ooryphodon), i. 404. fasciolatas Dinophis siti. “iy (Dinophis) en (Dryophis), i iii, fasciolatus hinela » ‘ iii. 364. fs is asciolatus(Rh chela > iii. 364. fe ™ fasciolatus (Simotes), ii, 219. fasciolatus (T » iii, 4% (Tragops), iii. fasciolatus (Zamenis), i, 404. fave ent ii. 313. ° i (Calamaria), ii. ee (Rhabdosoma), ii fayrerians (Hydrophis),’ fex (Azemiops), iii. 471. m405. (Zamenis), i. Ferania, iii. ’ Feranoides, i iti. 2. (Rhino- fergusonianus phis), iii. 596. a ag (Odontomus),’ ferox (Diemenia), iii. 332. — 1 beck " Pooullesty) i 5 332. nie (Tropidonotus), i, ferruginea (Dipsas), iii, ferruginosus (Coluber), ii, 191. - Ficimia, ii. 270. filholii (Labionaris), iii. 313. filiformis (laps), iii. 430. erst (Typhlops), i 9. fischeri (Dipsas), iii. 78. fischeri (Platurus), iii. 307. —_— ea aphe e Gade (Zamenis), ii. 195. fiskii (Lamprophis), i. 322 fissidens (Coniophanes), iii. 207. fissidens a iii. fissidens ’ (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 207. fissidens (Tachymenis), iii. 206, 207. fitzingeri (Elaps), iii. 423. fitzingeri (Glauconia), i 66. fitzingeri (Oxyrhopus), iii. sng (Oxyrhop fitzingeri (Siphlophis), iti. 108. fitzingeri (Stenostoma), i. 66 fitzingeri (Zacholus), ii. 192 flagelliforme (Bascani- um), i. 390. flagelliformis (Drymo- - bius), i. 390. er (Herpeto- dryas), i. flage sii phis), i. 390. flagelliformis (Natrix), i 389; iii. 191. flagelliformis (Oxybelis), ii. 191, flagelliformis (Psammo- phis), i. 390. flagelliformis (Zamenis), 1. 889; iii. 622. flagellum (Bascanium), iii. 622. flagellum 389 ‘(Mastico- (Coluber), i. flagellum (Denisonia), iii. 340 flagellum (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 340. flammigerus (Brachyor- rhos), ii. 308. flava (Hchidna), iii. 376. flava (Naia), iii, 376. _ flavigularis ALPHABETICAL INDEX, flava (Vipera), iii. 376. flavescens (Callopeltis), ii, 52. flavescens (Coluber), ii. 52. flavescens (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 77. flavescens (Dipsas), iii flavescens (Elaphis), ii 53. flavescens (Heleophis), iii. 21. ee (Phyllosira), ii. Anvesceus(Triglyphodon), iii. 77. flavescens(Tropidonotus), i. 234, flavescens (Typhlops), i. 21. flaviceps (Ablabes), i. 185. ey (Adeniophis), i vives (Amphiesma), i. 266. flaviceps (Bungarus), iii, 371. flaviceps (Calamaria), ii. 333. flaviceps (Doliophis), iii. 400. flaviceps (Elaps), iii. 400. flaviceps (Enicognathus), i. 185. flaviceps (Macropistho- don), i. 266; iii. 609. Santi iod (Megerophis), iii. devicnny. (Tropidonotus), i, 266. flavifrenatus (Aporophis), ii. 158. flavifrenatus (Dromicus), ii. 158. flavifrenatus (Lygophis), ii. 158. flavifrons(Tropidonotus), i. 263 ; iii. 609. flavigastra (Pappophis), iii. 75. flavigularis (Dendrophis), ii. 105, flavigularis § (Herpeto- dryas), i. 390, 391. flavigularis(Masticophis), i. 390. flavigularis phis), i. 390. (Thrasops), (Psammo- ii. 105, 675 flavigularis (Sameain); iii. 621. flavilabris (Hutenia), i 212. flavilatus (Dromicus), ii, flavilabum (Liophis), ii. 148 ; iii. 634. flavilatus (Rhadinzea), iii. 634. flavipunctatum (Amphi- ~ esma), i. 231. flavipunctatus (Tropido- notus), i. flavirufus (Coluber), ii. 39. flavirufus (Natrix), ii. 39, flavitorquata (Aposto- lepis), iti. 234. flavitorques _(Drepan- odon), iii. 639. flavitorques (Liophis), iii. 639. flaviventer (Typhlops), i. 25. flaviventris (Bascanion), i. 387. flaviventris (Coluber), i. 387. flaviventris (Corypho- don), i. 387. flaviventris (Geoptyas), ii. 31. flaviventris (Liophis), ii. 167. Ps dryas), ii. iascaaie "Clegats) ili, 556. flavomaculatus. (Lache- sis), iii. 556. flavomaculatus (Parias), iii. 556. flavomaculatus (Trimere- surus), iii. 556. flavoterminatus (Helmin- thophis), i. 5. flavoterminatus (Idioty- phlops), i. 5. flavoterminatus (Typh- lops), i. 5. flavotorquatus _(Elapo- morphus), iii. 234. flavoviridis (Bothrops), iii. 550. flavoviridis (Lachesis), iii. 550 Pct 0 flavoviridis (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 550. flexuosus (Coluber), iii, 141. 2x2 676 floridanus(Coluber), ii.40. a (Tylanthera), i. 624. hertdeatics (Coluber), i. 402. florulentus (Zamenis), i i. 402, 408 ; iii. 624. forbesii (Simotes), ii. 225. fordei (Oacophis), iii.318. se (Chilabothrus), i fordii Pe samp in i. 98; iii. fordii dre erty i. 45. fordii (Pelophilus), i. 98. fordii (Pseudelaps), iii. 318. Fordonia, i iii. 21. formosa (Coronella), ii. 203 formoss (Dendrophis), ii. formosa (Duberria), iii. 106. formosana (Dinodon), i. 361. formosanus (Simotes), ii. 222, 359; iii. 640. formosissimus (Oon- strictor), i. 117. formosus (Bothrops), iii. 557 formosus (Coluber), iii, 106. formosus (Dendrophis), ii, 84. ohare (Leptophis), ii. formosus (Lycodon), iii. 103, 104, 106. formosus (Megserophis), iii, 371. (Oxyrhopus), formosus (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 557. formosus (‘Trimeresurus), iii. 557. formosus (Trimesurus), iii. 562. fornasinii (Typblops), i. 38. forsteni — (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 80. forsteni 5 er iii. 80. — (Rhabdion), ii lat (Rhabdophi- dium), ii. 328. forsteni (Triglyphodon), iii. 80, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. forsteri (Natrix), ii. 136: Fowlea, i. 193. foxii (Bascanion), i i. 387. francisci redi (Vipera), iii. 481. franklinii (Onychophis), fraseri (Elaps), iii. 432. f\ raseri (Homalocranium), iii, 215. fraseri (Liophis), ii. 181. sie tte (Dryophylax), l freminvillii (Philodryas), iii. 133. freminvillii (Stenorhina), iii. fremontii — 387. frenata (Ahgetulla), 116. frenata (Denisonia), iii, 338. frenata (Echis), iii. 505. roe (Leptodira), iii. 2. frenatum (Bascanium), iii. 622. frenatum (Gonyosoma), ii. 58. frenatum (Sibon), iii. 92. — (Ablabes), ii. frenatus (Coluber), ii. 58. frenatus (Oyclophis), ii 280 frenatus (Dromicus), ii. 181. Berri oy (Herpetodryas), i, 58, frenatus lus), iii. frenatus (Leptophis), ii, (Hoplocepha- Pate (Uromacer), ii 116. frontalis (Contia), ii, 270, frontalis (Denisonia), iii. 340. frontalis (laps), iii. 427, 429. frontalis (Ficimia), ii, 270. frontalis (Geagras), ii, 270. frontalis (Helmintho- phis), i. 5. frontalis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 340, frontalis (Hydrophis), iii, 276. frontalis _(Prosymna), ii. 248 ; iii. 641. ) frontalis (Pseudoficimia), ii, 270. frontalis (Temnorhyn- chus), ii. 247, 248. Seomtalis iota ii. 270. rontalis (Typblops), i. 5, fronticinctus (Dryophis), iii. 179. fronticinctus (Tragops), iii. 179. fruhstorferi (Tetralepis), i. 820. togas (Coluber), ii. 52. fugitivus (Coluber), ii. 139. fugitivus ta 5 , 139, 140, 141. ugitivus (Lioy his), 139. oe fula-fula (Naia), iii, 391. falghion (Coluber), iii, i (Dryophis), iii. fulgidus (Oxrooem iii, 81, 191. fuliginoides (Coronella), fuliginoides (Mizodon), iii. 603. fuliginoides (Tropido- notus), i. 217; iii. 603, ee (Aipysurus), sar game (Boodon), i. ore (Lycodon), i. was (Zamenis), iii. fulvia (Vipera), iii. 423, fulviceps (Rhadinga), ii. 179. fulvicollis (Microsoma), iii. 252. fulvius (Coluber), iii, f twine (Elaps), iii, 415, ulvius » iii, 422. é ee (Diadophis), ii, fulvivittis (Dromicus), ii, 178. fulvivitti (Rhadinwa), i (Arrbyton), ii, fulvus (Euteenia), iii, 61. fumiceps (Scolecophis), iii. 226. fumigatus (Helicops), i. ' 279 funereus (Alsophis), ii 142 furcata (Grayia), ii. 287. furcata § (Hypsirhina), iii. fureata (Vipera), iii. 401. fureatus (Callophis), -iii. 02. furcatus (Dendrophis), iii. 159. furcatus (laps), iii. 401. furcatus (Psammophis), iii. 164. furia (Bothrops), iii. 535. Furina, iii. 315, 320, 405. fusca (Aheetula), ii. 82. fusca (Oalabaria), i. 92. fusca (Calamaria), i. 297. fusca (Cliftia), i. 95. fusca (Dendrophis), ii. 82; iii. 67. fusca (Dipsas), iii. 67, 73, 78 fusca (Passerita), iii. 183. fusca (Rhadinza), ii. 169. fusca coe iii. Pay (Homalocra- nium), iii. 220. fuscum (Ophthalmi- ‘ dion), i. 30. fuscum (Trachischium), i. 297. fuscum (Triglyphodon), iii. 77. fuscus (Ablabes), i. 297. fuscus (Aipysurus), iii. 305. fuscus (Coluber), ii. 11,. 75; ii. 141. fuscus spine mgt i 378. fuscus (Dendrophis), ii 82. fuseus(Dipsdomorphus), iii. fuscus "Gilapoides), i 307. fuscus (Elaps), iii. 380. fuscus (Geophis), ii. 322. fuscus (Herpetodryas), ii. 73, 75; iii. 628. fuscus Decree iii. 351 fuseue (Lamprophis), i 22. fuseus see i, 322, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, fuscus (Liophis), ii. 169. er gaoe eomorphus), Pe “(Bhabdodon), ili, 41. 1 fuscus (‘T'yphlops), i. 30. fuscus (Zaocys), i. 378; iii. 621. fusiformis (Oxyorrhos), i. 306. gabina (Natrix), i. 234. gabinus (Coluber), i. 233. gabonensis (Hlapomor- phus), iii. 252. gabonensis (Miodon), iii. 252. gabonica (Bitis), iii. 499. gabonica (Hehidna), iii. 499. gabonicus (EHlapomor- phus), iii. 252. gabonicus (Urobelus), ili, 252. gaimardi (Dipsas), iii. gaimardi (Heterurus), iii. gaimardii iii. 42. galathea (Coluber), i. 349, galathea (Lycodon), i. 349 (Stenophis), Galedon, ii. 294. Galeophis, iii. 127. gallicus (Coluber), ii. 192. gammiei (Lycodon), i. 58 gammiei (Ophites), i. 358. garmani (Leptognathus), iil. 453, astrodelus (Elaps), iii. : 393. es, gastrogramma (Cala- maria), ii. 349, Gastropyxis, ii. 102. gastrosticta (Elaps), iii 420. gastrosticta (Helicops), i. 276. gastrostictus (Dendro- phis), ii. 86. gastrotenia (Rhabdion), i. 305. Gecirras, 4 ii, 326. gemianulis (Oallophis), iii. 393. gemianulis (Hemibunga- rus), iii. 393. st ae (Ablabes), i. 677 geminatus (Ooluber), i. 185. geminatus Ciniognss thus), i. 185. geminatus (Herpeto- dryas), i. 185. geminatus(Lycognathus), ili, 57. geminatus (Polyodonto- phis), i. 185; iii. 597. see (Dipsas), iii. 7 gemmicinctum (Trigly- phodon), iii. 70. gemmistrata (Dipsas), iii. 86. gemmistratus todes), iii. 86. gemonensis (Natrix), i. 395, . (Himan gemonensis (Zamenis), i. 395 ; iii. 622. Cy ns (Liophis), i. 170. genimsculata (Lygophis), ii. 170. genimaculata §(Rhadi- nea), ii. 170; iii. 635. gentilis (Coronella), ii. 201. gentilis (Ophibolus), ii. 201. Geodipsas, iii. 32. geometricum (Bozdon), i. 829, 332. geometricus (Boodon), i. 329, 332. geometricus (Eugnathus), i. 329. pisnnatetsie (Lycodon), i. Geophidium, ii. 314. Geophis, i. 303; ii. 314. Geoptyas, ii. 25, Georgia, ii. 25. Gephyrinus, iii. 177, Gerardia, iii. 20. gerrardi (Mytilia), i i, 142, Gerrhopilus, i. 7. Gerrhosteus, iii. 231. gervaisii (Calamaria), ii. - 338. getula (Coronella), ii. 197; iii. 638. getula (Lampropeltis), i ii. 197 ; iii. 638. getulus (Coluber), ii. 197. rg (Coronella), ii. 197 getulus (Herpetod R ii. 197. a2 678 getulus (Ophibolus), ii. giardi (Grayia), ii. 288. py ), i. 115. fi (Cyclagras), ii. 144. gigas (Leiosophis), ii. flay (Xenodon), ii. 144. berti (Nardoa m3 i. 77. cre (Philothamnus), i. 102. sivecslied (Coronella), ii. 194. girondicus (Coluber), ii. 194, glaber (Heterolepis), i. 344. . (Herpetodryas), i 7 ii. 75. Glaniolestes, ii. 286. hyrophis, i iii. 199. Pv (Tropido- notus), i. 211. glaucoides (Ooluber), i. 395. Glauconia, i. 59. Glauconiids, i. 57. Glauconiina, i. 57. glaucus (Bothrops), iii. 535, glaucus (Coluber), iii. 535. globiceps (Boiga), iii. 78. lobiceps (Dipsas), iii. 78. Bay pbodon ili. 313, 315, Glyphodonta, i. 169. Glypholyeus, iii. 615. godeffroyi (Distira), iii. goer (Hydrophis), (Boturiopeis), godine ‘(Bothrops), iii. goin (Ooronella), ii. godine (Geophis), ii. Ph eat (Lachesis), iii. goinen (Rhadinga), ii. gid (Tropidonotus), att 600. i manii (Henicogna- thus), ii. 179. godmanni (Bothriechis), iii. 545. p manni (Dromicus), ii. a Mahe alata ALPHABETICAL INDEX. gokool (Dipsadomor- phi iii, 64. gokool (Dipsas), iii. 64. gone (Naia), iii. 387. ongylophis, i. 122. Gonionotophis, i, 323. Gonionotus, i. 175, 323. Gonyophis, ii. 70. Gonyosoma, ii. 24, goudoti (Ithycyphus), iii. 34. goudotii (Dryophylax), iii. 34, goudotii (Glauconia), i. gondot (Herpetodryas), costae (Philodryas), iii. Mt (Stenostoma), gouldii (Alecto), iii, $42. evales (Denisonia), iii. gouldii (Elaps), iii, 842. gouldii (Hoplocephalus), iii, 342. are (Oalamaria), i. 336. goudotii i. 64 grabowaky (Elaphis), ii 4 gracile (Homalocranium), iii, 228. gracile (Stenostoma),i. 69. gracile (Trimetopon), ii. 184 ; iii. 636. gracilis (Ablabes), ii. 184. — (Callophis), iii. gracilis (Chilabothrus), i. 98. gracilis (Dendrophis), ii. 82. gracilis (Disteira), iii.280. er (Dryocalamus), i. 71 gracilis (laps), iii. 396, gracilis (Enhydris), iii. 280. gracilis ( sepia i, 98 — BS, Te ae iii, grace wes gracilis (Hydrus), iii. 280, 281. gracilis Gone ety i, 80. gracilis( Leptophis), ii, aor gracilis (Liopala), iii. 280 gracilis (Microcephalo- phis), iii. 280. one (Odontomus), i. gracilis (Tantilla),iii, 228, org (Tropidonotus), i. ili , i. 404. gre (Zara) i. 404 ; it pres (Aheetulla), ii, gracillima (Oalamaria), ii, 350 ii, 350. gracillima (Dipsas),iii.87. gracillimus (Obiory orophis), iii. gracillimus(Himantodes), gracillimus PS cai groon (ils ii. me) re is), ii. er Peles i. 225, 240. i (Zamenis), i, 893; iii, 622. grahami (Phimothyra), 393. aaitas (Salvadora), i. "393 iii. fier , i, 240, amii ere Roget i, 240, grahamii ( graminea(Eutsenia),i.206, Bram comm ea eeeen gramincus (Coluber), ii. peer (Lachesis), iii seas (Trigonoce- *"phalaa), iii, 555. gramineus (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 555, grammophrys (Erythro- lamprus), iii. * ya nis), ili grandis (Distira), iii. 293. ay (Rhinophis), i. ena i, 148, grandis “ ropeltis), i, eras 139. 2 a (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 76. st ea (Spilotes), ndoculis Astheno- Or goathus), ii, $0. grandoculis(Dendrophis), siicoaiis (Le a- ar iii, 459. ener me (Hydrophis), iii, ari (Gonionotophis), i grantii (Gonionotus), i, 324, aug (Simocephalus), i, Grannlasaa( Agrohgueys 17 granulatus (Chersydrus), i, 174. PL ios (Hydrus), i. 174. granulatus (Pelamis), i 174. srommeee (Dipsas), iii. granuliceps (Heterurus), ili. 41. granuliceps (Stenophis), iii, 41, graphicus (Coluber), ii. 137. gravenhorstii (Elaps), iii. 415. grayi (Calamaria), ii. 338. ery! (Enicognathus), i. if Grayia, li. 286. gregorii (Dendrophis), ii. 82 greineri (Ablabes), i. 366. abt ibeme (Natrix), i. 1 gronovianus (Coluber), i. 219. Grotea, i i. 300. groutii (Stenostoma), i. 68 Gryptotyphlops, i. 7. _guatemalensis (Peropo- dum), i. 114, -gneingit (Simorephalna), guenthert (Aparallactus), iii. 259. guentheri (Aspidura), i 312. " _guentheri (Atractus), ii. 305. guentherii (Cacophis), iii. 325. guentheri (Chlorophis), - Zi. 631. ) uentheri (Elapechis), iii. oa pechis) manta (Elapsoidea), i, 359. seuenthent (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, guentheri (Geophis), ii. 305. Pst (Helminth- ophis), i. 6. guentheri Fs einai aia iii. 280, 2 guentheri (Nata), iil, 388. guentheri (Onychocepha- lus), i. 20. guentheri (Philotham- nus), ii. 96, guentheri (Phrynonax), ii. 20. guentheri (Plectrurus), i, 162. - guentheri(Silybura),i.147. guentheri (Stegonotus), iii, 619. id tial (Stenophis), iii. guentheri (Tarbophis), iii. 52. guentheri —(‘Trachischi- um), i. guentheri(Typhlops),i 1.20. guentheri (Xenodon), ii. 147. guerini (Oxyrhopus), iii. 113. guerini (Phimophis), iii, 113. guerini (Rhinosimus), iii. 113 guianense (Rhinostoma), iii. 114, guianensis (Heterodon), iii. 114, -guineensis (Coluber), iii. 409 guirali (Heterolepis), i 346. guirali (Simocephalus), i. 346 ; iii, guiraonis (Dipsas), iii. 5 guiraonis (Eudipsas), iii, 75 ‘gularis (Enygrus), i. 109. gularis (Trachyboa), i. 109, giintheri (Rhinostoma), iii. 1 guttata (Hydrophis), iii. 288 guttatus (Boodon), i. 331. ae (Callopeltis), iii. 627 guttatus (Coluber), i. 402; ii. 89, 198; iii. 627. gultoiue (Elaphis), ii. 40, 679 guttatus (Lycodon),i.331, guttatus (Lycophidium), i, 340. guikatas (Scotophis),ii.40. guttulatum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii, 298. gutturalis (Bucephalus), iii. 187. gutturalis (Naja). iii. 376. Gyalopion, ii. 270. habeli (Dromicus), ii.119. hzmachates (Aspidelaps), ili, 389. hzemachates (Coluber), iii. 389. heemachates (Naja), ii 889 hemachates ii, 389. (Sepedon), heemachates (Vipera), iii. 389. heematois (Pityophis), ii. 67 He morrhois, i. 879. heetiana { Ungalia), i. 112; iii. 594. hageni (Bothrops), iii. 557. _hageni (Hypsirhina), iii. 12. haie ee iii. 374, 376, Rees (Simotes), ii. 9. haje (Coluber), iii. 374. haje (Vipera), iii. 374. Haldea, i. 290. hallowellii (Tantilla), ; hallowellii (Typhlops), i. 40 halmahericus (Macrop- ophis), iii. 609. halmahericus (Tropido- notus), iii. 609. Halsophis, iii. 633, Halys, iii. 519. halys (Ancistrodon), iii. 524. halys (Coluber), iii. 524. halys (‘Trigonocephalus), ili. 524, 528. halys (Vipera), iii. 524. -Hamadryas, iii. 372 hammondii (Dinophis), iii. 435. hammondii (Eutainia), i. 210. . hammondii (Thamno- phis), iii, 601, 680 hammondii (Tropidono- tus), i. 210; iii. 601. hannah (Hamadryas), iii. 386 Haplocercus, i. 309. Haplopeltura, iii, 439. Hapsidophrys, ii.102,103. hardwickii (Enhydris), iit. 301. hardwickii (Homalopsis), iil. hardwickii (Hydrophis), » iii. 301. hardwickii (Hypsirhina), iii. 5. hardwickii (Lapemis), iii. : 301. arperti irginia), ii. 7 ie harpertii (Carphophis), il. 289. harriettsze (Cacophis), iii. 318 harriettse (Pseudelaps), iii, 318. hasselquistii (Ocrastes), iii. 502. hasseltii (Chrysopelea), iii, 199. haydenii (Eutainia), i. 211 haydenii (Tropidonotus), 1, 211. heathii( Drymobius),ii.11. heathii (Herpetodryas), ii. 11. hebe (Coluber), i. 404. hebe (Lycodon), i. 352. hedemanni (Tachyplo- tus), iii. 12. ‘Heleionomus, i. 80. helena (Coluber), ii. 36, 357. helena (Cynophis), ii. 36. helena(Dendrophis),ii.88. helena (Herpetodryas), ii. 36 helena (Plagiodon), ii. 36, helene (Oarphophiops), vg ii. 325. helen (Carphophis), ii. 325 helene (Celuta), ii. 324. Heleophis, iii. 20. Helicops, i. 272, 281 ; ii. ' 185, 289. Helicopsoides, i. 283. ‘helluo (Anguis), i. 126. Helminthoelaps, iii. 396, 399. Helminthophis, i, 4, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. helveticus (Coluber), i. 219 Hemibungarus, iii. 392, Hemidipsas, iii. 620. Hemidryas, iii. 621. Hemigenius, iii. 599. Hemiodontus, iii. 21, 23. Hemirhagerrhis, iii. 119. — (Elaps), iii 1 Henicognathus, i. 181. henshawi (Eutenia), i. = heraldica (Vipera), iii. 495. ay ‘Herbertophis, i. 364. herbeus(Coluber), iii. 129. bermanni(Coluber), ii. 65. —— (Ablabes), iii. Herpetsethiops, ii. 91. Herpetodryas, i. 181, 189, 364, 374, 379; ii. 8, 24, Zl, 126, 157, 188, 256, 277 ; iii. 84, 127. Herpeton, iii. 25. herpeton (Homalopsis), iii, 25. Herpetoreas, i. 193. -herzi (Simotes), ii. 43. hessei (Elapsoidea), iii. ss 360. are bis), ii essii 8), iti. 360. of heteraspis (Eurostus), iii. 12. heterochilus (Hlaps), iii. 414. heteroderma (Ahetulla), ii. 97. heterodermus (Chloro- phis), ii. 97, 358; iii.631. heterodermus (Philo- thamnus),ii.99; iii.631, Heterodon, i. 268, 414 ; ii. 153, 218, 253. - heterodon (Coluber), ii. 154, 156. Heterodonta, i, 169. heterolepidota (Ahs- tulla), ii. 95. heterolepidota (Lept- ophis), ii. 95. heterolepidotus (Chlor- ophis), ii. 95, 358 ; iii. heterolepidotus (Philo- thamnus), ii. 95; iii, 63 . Heterolepis, i. 343, 344. Heteronotus, ii, 286. Heterophis, iii. 466. en (Elaps), iii, Heterurus, iii. 39, 81, 88, heterurus(Homalocepha- lus), i. 315. heterurus (Ophis), iii. 89, heterurus (Pseudoxyrho- pus), i, 315. . heterurus (Stegonotus), i. : 367. ewstoni (Platyplectru- rus), i. 186. 3 rates Nh ce iii. 500, hexagonata (Di » ili. 65, 66. ae hexagonotus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 65, oe (Dipsas), iii. hexagonotus (Ptyas), ii. 8. hexagonotus (Xenela- phis), ii. 8. hexahonotus (Coluber), ii. 8. hexahonotus (Xenela- : phis), ii. 8. exalepis (Phimothyra), i. 393. Di hexalepis (Salvadora), iii. 622. arene (Coryphodon), ii. hieroglyphica (Boa), 1.86. hieroglyphicus (Python), - i, 86 hierosolimitana (Psam- mophis), iii. 157. Higina, ii. 186. hildebrandtii (Ablabes), iii. 125. hildebrandtii (Atractas- pis), iii, 512. hildebrandtii (Hemirha- gerrhis), iii. 125. himalayanus (Ancistro- don), iii, 526. himalayanus (Halys), iii. 526 : himalayanus (‘Trigono- cephalus), iii. 526, himalayanus (Tropido- notus), i, 251. himalayanns (Zamenis), i, 248. - Himantodes, iii. 83. Hipistes, iii, 24, cr (Ceelopeltis), i, 409. ' hippocrepis (Coluber), ‘i. hinpae (Dipsas), iii. hippocrepis (Elaps), iii. ao Sime hippocrepis (Heterurus), lL. AU, hippoerepis (Natrix), i i 409. ippocrepis (Periops), i i 409. ippocrepis (Tyria), i. 409 hippoerepis (Zamenis), i. ; 409 3 lil. 625. hippus (Coluber), i. 230. hispanica (Coronella), ii. 194. histricus (Heterodon), ii. 152 histricus (Lystrophis), ii. 152. histrionicus — (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 523. hitambeeia (Coluber), iii. 89. hitambeeia (Crotaphopel- .. tis), iii. 90. hodgsonii (Coluber), ii. 35. hodgsonii (Compsosoma), ii. 35. hodgsonii (Spilotes), ii. 35. hhoevenii (Calamaria), ii. 337. hoffmanni (Colobogna- thus), ii. 319. hoffmanni (Elapoides), ii. 319. hoffmanni ng eophis), ii. 319; iii. hoffmanseggii (Dipsas), iii, 72. hohenackeri (Coluber), ii. . 42. Holarchus, ii. 215. holbrookii (Elaphis), ii. 50 holbrookii (Nerodia), i. 243 holdsworthii § (Hydro- phis), iii. 297. Holochalina, i. 169; iii, 310, 463. holochlorus dryas), ii. holochrous (Ostuber), i 366 O saay tg ‘Holodonta, i. 71. Holodontes, i. 74. ‘Holodontiens, i. 71, 181, — -167. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Hologerrhum, iii. 33. holosericeus (Cophias), iii. 535. Holuropholis, i. 327. Homalocephalus, i. 314. Howmalochilus, i. 94. Homalocranium, iii. 210, 212. Homalophis, iii. 2. Homalopside, iii. 1. Homalopsine, i. 177; iii.1. Homalopsis, i. 272 ; ii. 185, 186, 289, 290; iii. 2, 13, 15, 21, 25, 209, Homaloselaps; ‘iii. 405. Homalosoma, ii. 233, 255, 273, 277. hombroni (Trigonoceph- alus), iii. 562. hombroni a mus), iii. 562. homeyeri (Ablabes), iii. 170. homolepis (Rhinophis), i. 142. Homorelaps, iii. 408. Homoroselaps, iii. 408. Hoplocephalus, iii. 332, 348, 351, 353. hoplogaster (Aheetulla), 93. hoplogaster (Chlorophis), li. 93. hoplogaster (Philotham nus), ii. 93 horatta (Boa), iii. 505. Hormonotus, i. 348. horneri (Herpetodryas), i. 378. horrida (Caudisona), iii. 579. horridus (Coluber), iii 14 horridus(Crotalophorus), iii, 579. horridus (Crotalus), iii. 5738, 578. horsfieldii (Argyrophis), i, 22. hori (Typhlops), i Snell (Lycodon), i. 339. horstockii (Lycophi- dium), i. 337, 339, 341. hortulana (Boa), i. 99, 101 hortulanum (Xiphosoma), i. 99, 101; iii. 593. hortulanus (Coluber), i. 101. 681 hortulanus (Corallus), i. - 99, 101; iii. 593. hortulanus( Draco), i. 101. Hortulia, i. 81. hotambeeia (Coronella), . tii. 89, 649. hotambeia (Leptodira), iii. 89. hottentotus (Typhlops), iii. 588. houttuynii (Python), i. 86. hugyi (Vipera), iii. 482. humberti { paar: 86. il humbertii (Ablabes), 186. humbo (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. humbo (‘Typhlops), i. 46; iii. humile (Stenostoma), i 70. humilis (Glauconia), i 70; iii. 591. humilis (Rena), i. 70; iii. 591. Hurria, iii. 59, 327. hybridus (Coluber), i. 219. hybridus (Hydrophis), iii. 274. hybridus (Tropidonotus), -. i, 219. Hydrablabes, i. 296. Hydreethiops, i. 280. Hydrelaps, iii. 270. Hydri, iii, 264. Hydride, i. 169, 172; iii. 1, 264. hydrina (Homalopsis), iii. 24 hydrinus (Hipistes), iii 24. Hydrocalamus, i iii. 209. Hydrodipsas, iii. 23. - hydroides (Bitia), iii. 24. Hydromorphus, ii. 185. - Hydrophida, i. 172, V7; lii. 1, 264. Hydrophiinz, i iii, 264. ee (Coiuber), i. 233. Hydrophis, iii. 266, 268, 271, 285, 300, 302, 303, 306. Hydrophobus, i. 569, Hydrops, ii. 186. Hydrus, i. 173 ; iii. 2, 15, 266, 271, 285, 306. hydrus (Coluber), i, 233: 682 hydrus (Natrix), iii. 605, ees (Tropidonotus), i. Hc (Elaps), iii, 409, hygeiw (Coluber), iii. 409. hygie (Peecilophis), iii. Hypaspistes, i. 81. Hypnale, iii. 519. hypnale (Ancistrodon), lii, 528. hypnale (Boa), i. 102. nypesie (Cophias), iii. pf arew (Trigonecepha- us), iii, 528. hypoconia (Tachymenis), ni. 116, hypomelas (Tropidono- tus), i. 264, Hypotropis, iii. 303. Hypsiglena, ii. 208, Hypsirhina, iii. 2, 19. papaiincides (Tytleria), Hypsirhynchus, ii. 117, Hypsiscopus, iii. 2. Taltris, iii. 137. iberus (Tarbophis), iii. 49. er hig (Trigonophis), iii, ibibe (Coluber), i. 206, otras (Coluber), iii. ibibiboca (Elaps), iii, 428, Idiopholis, ii, 327, Idiotyphlops, i, 4, ignita (Coronella), ii, 176, ignita (Rhadinga), ii. 176. ignitus (Dromicus), ii. 176. iheringi Se ane ccete « iii. shoring ‘(Coronella), ii. 172. ikaheka (Coluber), iii, 347, ae (Diemenia), iii. ikaheka 347. iii. ikaheka (Ophiopbagus), iii, 347. ikaheka (Trimeresurus), iii, 316, 347, illyrica (Vipera), iii. 485, llysia, i, 133, 134, Tlysiida, i. 131, llysioidea, i, 131. (Micropechis), ALPHABETICAL INDEX, Imantodes, iii. 83. Imbricate, i. 3, 131, 167. imerine (Liophis), i. 316. imerine .(Pseudoxyrho- pus), i. 316, immaculatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii, 101, immaculatus (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 562. imperator (Boa), i. 119; iii. 594. imperator (Elaps), iii, 416, 418, ape imperialis (Coniophanes), fi, 206. . imperalis (Hrythrolam- prus), iii. imperialis (Rbadinwa), R308, tapered (Tachymenis), i. 206. tmiperialie (Teeniophis), iii. 206. inequifasciata (Lepto- gnathus), iii. 455, inequifasciatus (Cochlio- phagus), iii, 455, 456, inzequifasciatus (Lepto- gnathus), iii. 455. inngoilan (Pseudeyrx), ii, 35 incerta jAtepromentanals 458 lii. incertus (Leptognathus), iii. 458. inconspicuus (‘Typhlops), i. 16, ‘saan ii. 121. indica (Dipsas), iii, 461, indica (Hypsirhina), iii, 4. indica (Raclitia), iii, 4. indicus (Dipsadomorus), iii. 461. (Dromicus), indicus _(Leptognatbns), lll. indicus ” (Pearamophis), iii. 165. indicus ate i. ay indicus (Xylophis), i ater (Boodon) ) ie (Coluber), i, thease infernalis (Eutainia), i, 207 ; iii. 601. -infernalis (Thamnophis), iii, GOL. infernalis (Tropidonotus), i, 201, 207. 03 inflata (Vipera), iii. 494. infralineata (Geodipsas), iii. 32. infralineatus (Tachyme- nis), iii, 82. infrasignatus (Ptyas), i. 247. mae (Helicops), infuscatus (Bothrop aaa mus), i. ingens (Naja), iii. 386. inornata (Bitis), iii. 496, inornata (Boa), i. inornata (Chitulia), iii, 290. inornata (Clotho), iii. 496. inornata (Coronella), ii. 195. inornata (Echidna), iii. 496 inornata (Vipera), iii.496. a (Virginia), i. inornatus (Amphiardis), i, 290. inornatus (Atractaspis), _ tii. 515, inornatus (Chilabothrus), i. 97, 112. ' inornatus (Dasypeltis), ii. 354, inornatus (Pipreahd iii. 90. inornatus (Dryophylax), iii. 136, inornatus (Eirenis), ii. inornatus (Epicrates), i i. 97 inornatus (Himantodes), iii, 88, inornatus (Lamprophis), i, 821. ; inornatus (Philodryas), iii. 136, inornatus (Potamophis), i, 291. inornatus (Pseudoxeno- don), i. 272. inereatys (Rachiodon), i. 855. inornatus (Stenophis), iii. inopatu (Typhlops), i. inornatus (Uromacer), ii. 116 inornatus (Xenodon), i insigniarum (Eutenia), i. insignitus (Oclopeltis), iii, 142. insignitus (Coluber), iii. 141. intercestaas (Langaha), iii. 7. intermedia (Halys), iii. 525. intermedia (Typhlops), i. 42 intermedius (Ancistro- don), iii. 525. intermedius (Crotalus), iii. 581. intermedius (Dendraspis), ili. 437. intermedius (Psammo- phis), iii. 162, intermedius (Pityophis), ii. 37. intermedius (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 525. intermedius (Tropidono- tus), i. 210. intestinalis (Adeniophis), iii. 402. “intestinalis (Aspis), iii, 401 intestinalis (Callophis), iii. 402, 404. intestinalis (Doliophis), iii. 401. intestinalis (Elaps), iii. 401, 404. intricatus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. intumescens (Coluber), iii. 494. Tobola, iii. 310, 463. iowx (Tropidoclonium), i, 289. iphisa (Coluber), iii. 409. iris (Calamaria), ii. 344, irregularis (Aheetulla), ii. 92, 94, 96. irregularis (Atractaspis), iii. 513, 514, 515, irregularis (Boiga), iii, 5. irregularis (Chlorophis), ii. 96; iii, 631. irregularis (Coluber), ii. 96 : iii, 75, irregularis (Dipsadomor- phus), iii, 75. irregularis (Dipsas), iii. irregularis (Elaps), iii. 513 irregularis (Philotham-_ nus), ii, 96, 99; iii, 631. _ ALPHABETICAL INDEX. irregularis (Psammo- phis), iii. 161. irregularis (Triglypho- don), iii. 75. irregularis (Xenodon), ii. 150, irrorata (Metoporhina), i. 340. irroratum (Lycophi- dium), i. 340, 342; iii. 617. irroratus (Coluber), i. 340. isabella (Wenona), i. 130. isabellina (Phayrea), iii. 165. Ischnognathus, i. 285. Isodonta, i. 71, 169. Isodontiens, i, 177. isolepis (Xenodon), ii. 136. Tsoscelis, ii. 300. isozona (Contia), ii. 266. isozonus (Elaps), iii. 427, isthmica (Boa), i. 119. isthmicus (Atractus), ii, italica (Coronella), 11.192, Ithycyphus, iii. 34, jacksoni (Lycophidium), i. 340 jacksonii (Aparallactus), iii. 256, 649. jacksonii (Causus), iii. 468. jacksonii (Rhamnophis), iii. 632. ;' jacksonii (Thrasops), iii. see ( P jacksonii (Uriechis), iii. 256. jaculus (Anguis), i, 125, jaculus (Eryx), i. 125, 128 ; iii, 595. jaculus (Tortrix), i. 126, jegeri (Coronella), ii, 170. jegeri (Rhadinea), ii, 170. jagori (Typhlops), i. 18. jagorii (Eurostus), iii. 6. jagorii (Hypsirhina), iii, 6. Joletl (Aspidopython), i. jamaicensis (Anguis), i. 31 jamesonii (Dendraspis), ili, 435, 436. jamesonii (Elaps), iii. 436. 683 jamesonii (Naja), iii. 435. jamesonii (Python), i. 85. jamneeticus (Feranvides), iii. 11. : jani (Arizona), ii. 66. jani (Galeophis), iii, 134, jani (Homalocranium), iii. 220. jani (Prosymna), ii. 249, janii (Liophis), ii. 359. janseni (Coluber), ii. 57, 357. jansenii (Gonyosoma), ii. janthinus (Coluber), iii. 129. japonicus (Callophis), iii. 395. japonicus (Dinodon), i. 363. japonicus (Hemibunga- rus), iii, 395. japonicus (Ophites), i.” 363 jara (Coluber), i, 350. jara (Leptorbytaon), i, 350. jara (Lycodon), i. 350; iii. 618. jararaca (Bothrops), iii, 535, jararaca (Craspedocepha- lus), iii, 535. jararaca (‘Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 535. jararacca (Cophias), iii, 535, jararacussu (Bothrops), iii, 535. jardinii (Bucephalus), iii. 187. jaspidea (Dipsas), iii, 73. jaspideum (‘Triglypho- _ don), iii. 73. vente jaspideus (Dipsadomor- phus), iii. 73, jauresi (Tropidonotus), i. 206. javanica (Calamaria), ii, 347. javanica (Potamophis), i. 173. javanicum (Xenoderma), i. 175. javanicus (Acrochordus), i. 173. javanicus (Coluber), i. 85. javanicus (Enicognathus), i. 185. javanicus (Trago iii, j Me of oF) . > 684 arene? (Xenodermus), 1. 175. jayakari (Eryx), i. 129. i (Hydrophis), iii. ere (Typhlops), i. 19, jerdoni (Distira), iii. 299. Jerdonii (Hydrophis), iii. 299. jerdonii (Kerilia), iii. 299. As res (Lachesis), iii. 55 jerdonii (Trimeresurus), iii. 551. jimenezii (Crotalus), iii, 582. Be imi ii, jobiensis (Brachyorrhos), i. 306. jobiensis (Calamophis), i. 305. johnii (Boa), i. 127. johnii (Clothonia), i. 127. johnii (Eryx), i. 127. peg era Corben) i. 395. spar a (Hypotropis), iii. julie (Aporophis), i ii. 139. julie (Dromicus), i ii. 189. julise (Liophis), ii. 139. junceus (‘Tropidonotus), i. 224, 258. kaouthia (Naja), iii. 380. karelinii (Coluber), i. 401. karelinii (Tyria), i. 401. Mage (Zamenis), i. 1 Katophis, i. 193. ag (Dendrophis), kelleri (Hemirhagerrhis), iii. 119, 649. kennerlyi (Heterodon), ii. 156 kennicottiana rhina), iii. 229. kennicottii (Tropido- ; notus), i. 208. entii (Neospades), iii. 20. Kerilia, iii, B86, keyensis (Liclaphis), i. 365 (Steno- keyensis (Lycodon), i 365. ~~ (Stoliczkaia), i. khasiensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 1298, r ALPHABETICAL INDEX. ee (Hydrophis), iii. kirkii (Ahetulla), ii. 99. kirkii (Philothamnus), iii. 631. em (Cladophis), iii. 1 kirtlandii (Clonophis), i. kirtlandii (Crotalopho- rus), iii, 571. kirtlandii (Dryiophis), iii. 185, kirtlandii (Ischnogna- rie i. 286, 419; iii. 611. kirtlandii (Leptophis), iii, 185. kirtlandii (Natrix), iii. 611. kirtlandii (Oxybelis), i. 185. kirtlandii (Regina), i. 286. kirtlandii (Thelotornis), iii. 185. kirtlandii (Tropidoclo- nion), i. 286. kirtlandii (Tropidonotus), i, 286 klingii (Gonionotophis), iii. 614. korros (Ooluber), i. 384. korros (Coryphodon), i 384. korros (Ptyas), i.377,384. korros (Zamenis), i. 384 ; iii. 621. kraalii (Typhlops), i. 30. o> (Pseudoboa), iii ident idem 0% . lus), i. ican ay hlops), i. 42. kraussii SY ta almi- dion), i. 42 kraft (Cacophis), iii. 318. a (Pseudelaps), iii. 31 kubingii (Pseudoelaps), iii, 325. kuhlii (Brachyorrhos), i. 305. labialis (Alecto), iii. 336. Te Ds acs cer iii. labialis *(Oxyrhopas), iii. 107. labialis (Trimeresurus), - di, 551. Labionaris, iii, 312. labiosa (Ninia), i. 293. Barge (Streptophorus), labuanensis (Simotes), ii. 218. ee (Hydrophis), acertna Ocelopeltis), tina, ( pe lacertina (Natrix), ii. 141. lacertinus (Malpolon), iii. 14 ’. lacertinus (Psammo- phis), iii. 142. Lachesis, iii. 529. lachesis (Cobra), iii. 493. lachrymans (Dromicus), ii. 174. get rcs (Lygophis), tashieys cis (Rhadinzea), ii. 174. We Pate (Coluber), iii 157. lacrymans (Psammo- phis), iii. 157. lactea (Stenorhina), iii. 229. lactea (Vipera), iii. 409, wane (Aspidelaps), iii lacteus.(Cerastes), iii. 409. lacteus (Coluber), iii. 409. lacteus (Elaps), iii, 409. lacteus (Homorelaps), iii. 409. lacteus (Pocilophis), iii. 409 ladacensis (Zamenis), i. 398 ; iii, 622. letus (Coluber), ii. 40. \ letus (Diadophis), ii 208. letus (Liophis), ii. 208. leetus (eebopb ie, ii, 49. lmviceps (Atheris), iii 509. levicollis (Coluber), ii 73. levis (Acanthophis), iii. 355. hon (Aipysurus), iii, 304, levis PARES” iii. levis (Bos), iii. 35 levis (Coluber), i 191, 286. levis (Coronella), ii. 192, 194; iii, 175. levis (Dipsas), iii. 441. levis (Drymobius), ii. 11. a iti ii. tare (Hydrophis), i 290. ae (Leptognathus), iii. oe (Pareas), i iii. 441. levis (Thamnodynastes), iii. 116. levis (Zacholus), ii. 192. levissima (Natrix), i. 226. levissima (Neusterophis), i. 226. levissimus (Tropidono- tus), i. 226. lagoensis (Ahezetulla), ii. 100. lagoensis (Philothamnus), ii. 100. lalandii (Dispholidus), iii. 18 lalandii (Onychophis), i 45. lalandii (Typhlops), i. 45. lambda (‘Trimorphodon), iii. 54. Lampropeltis, ii, 188. Lamprophis, i. 318, 320, 343. Lamprosoma, li. 255. lanceolata (Vipera), iii. 535. lanceolatus (Bothrops), iii. 535. lanceolatus (Coluber), iii. 535 lanceolatus (Cophias), iii. 535 lanceolatus (Craspedo- cephalus), iii. 535. lanceolatus (Lachesis), iii. 535. lanceolatus. (Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 535. Langaha, iii. 35. - langaha (Amphisbena), iu. 36, langaha (Dryiophis), iii. 36. langsdorffii (Elaps), iii. 416. lankadivana (Dapatnaya), i. 141. lanshergi (Streptopho- rus), 1. 293. lansbergii (Bothriechis), iii. 546, 547. lansbergii (Bothrops), iii. 546, 547, ? ALPHABETICAL INDEX. lansbergii (Lachesis), iii, 546 lansbergii (Ninia), i. 293. lansbergii (Porthidium), iii, 546. lansbergii (Teleuraspis), iii. 546 Jansbergii (‘Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 546. laoensis (Lycodon), i. 354. lapemidoides (Distira), ili. 297, Lapemis, iii. 300. lapemoides (Aturia), iii. 297. lapemoides (Hydrophis), iii. 297. larvata (Naja), iii. 380. latastii (Vipera), iii. 484. laterale (Bascanium), i 391. laterale (Lycophidium), i. 838 ; iii. 616. lateralis (Aheetulla), i. 248 lateralis (Bothriechis), iii. 566. lateralis (Bothrops), iii. 566. lateralis (Calamaria), ii. 342 lateralis (Coniophanes), iii. lateralis _{Glaphyrophis), iii. 206. lateralis (Lachesis), iii. 566 lateralis (Leptophis), i. 247, 248, 391. lateralis (Macrocalamus), ii. 327. lateralis (Philothamnus), i. 248, lateralis (Thamnosophis), 247, 248. lateralis CEaeianrecane), i, 282; iii. 610. lateralis (‘Tropidonotus), i, 248, 249 lateralis (Zamenis), iii. 622. lateristriga (Clotho), iii, 494, lateristriga (Dromicus), ii. 181. lateristriga (Liophis), ii, 181. lateristriga (Urotheca), ii, 181 ; iii. 636. lateritia (Tachymenis), iii, 205, 685 lateritius (Coniophanes), iii. 205. lateritius (Erythrolam-_ prus), iii, 205. Laticauda, iii. 306. laticaudatus (Coluber), iii. 307. laticaudatus (Platurus), 11, 807, 308. laticeps (Homalocra- nium), iii, 219. hie (Pappophis), iii. 5. laticeps (Tantilla), iii, 219. laticollaris (Elaps), iii. 423. latifascia (Dipsas), ii. 55, latifasciata (Hydrophis), iil. 27 latiasciata (Hypsiglena), i, 211. Iatifasciatuo(Dipesdomor- phus), iii. 71. latifasciatus (Hydrophis), iii. 279. latifrons (Atractus), ii. 303 latifrons (Geophis), ii, 803 latifrontalis ii. 804. latifrontalis li. 804. (Atractus), (Geophis), latirostris (Philodryas), iii. 129. lativittatus (Dirrhox), iii, 132. latonia (Coluber), iii. 390. laureata (Rhadineea), ii. 179. laureatus (Dromicus), ii, 179. leachii (Anilios), i. 31. leberis (Coluber), ii. 154. leberis (Natrix), i. 239. leberis (Regina), i. 239; iii. 605. leberis (Tropidonotus), i. 237, 238, 239. lebetina (Vipera), iii. 487, lebetinus (Coluber), iii. 487. lecomtei (Oxybelis), iii, 185. lecontei (Crotalus), iii, 576. lecontii (Rhinochilus), ii. 212. Leiolepis, iii. 519. Leionotus, i. 210; ii. 286, 686 Leiopython, i. 76. Telecoms, i iii. 285. Leiosophis, ii. 144, 180. leithii (Psammophis), iii. 155, 157. lemniscata (Natrix), iii. 430 lemniscata (Vipera), iii. lemniscatus (Boodon), i. 829 lenmniscatus (Coluber), iii. 430. lemniscatus (Drymobius), iii. 622. lemniscatus, (Elapomor- phus), iii. 241. lemniseatus (Elaps), iii. 421, 423, 427, 428, 439. lemniscatus iii. 242. lentiferus (Himantodes), iii, 86. lentiginosum (Rhino- bothryum), iii. 82. pote ten (Coluber), iii. lenai (T ryphlops), i. 16. leonis (Coronella), ii. 199. leopardina (Coronella), ii. 192. leopardina (Dimades), i. 278. leopardina (Homalopsis), i. 278. leopardina(Natrix), ii.41. leopardina (Psammo- phis), iii. 162. eats (Callopeltis), eojardinus (Coluber), ii. os ties (Helicops), i. lepida (Aploaspis), iii. lepida (Apostolepis), iii. fopide. (Oaudisona), iii. 582. Lepidocepalus, i. 360. Lepidognathus, i. 283. lepidus( Crotalus), iii.582. lepidus (Elapomorphus), iii. 241. leporinum (Oxyrhab- dium), i. 303; iii. 612. leporinum(Rhabdosoma), , i. 302, hoe eprieurii (Helicops), i. O77, 278. ee) (Phalotris), | Jeucobalia "ALPHABETICAL INDEX, — (Coluber), ii. Leptoboa, i. 121. Leptocalamus, ii. 249; iii. 641. momar (Eutainia), iii leptocephalus /(tvimere surus), iii. leptocephalus (Tropido- notus), i, 201, 418; iii. 600. — yore his) le ira is), tii 285. gris Leptognathiens, i. 177; li. 353; iii. 438, Leptognathine, i iii, 438. eee a00 ae iii, 440, 462. Leptophidium, iii. 627. Ba i. 193, 379; me 87, 91, 102, Leptorhyton, i. 348. ptotyphlops, i. 59. Letheobia, ad — (Fordonia), iii. Pan ae tus), lii. leucobalia (Homalopsis), iii. 21. ee (Boiga), iii. leucove hala(Oalamaria), lecooeplia (Dipsas), iii. leucocephala (Xenopel- tis), i. 168. Jeucocephalus (Cephalo- lepis), i. 57. leucocephalus (Coluber), iii. 57. leucocephalus (Eudipsas), ii leucocephalus (Lycogna- thus), iii. 57. leucocephalus (Oxyrho- pus), iii, 58, 106. wie rae (Oalamaria), i, B41, lecogaate (Liophis), ii. lucoenter (Rhadina), 163. hintotieislia (Alsophis), ii. 125, leucomelas (Atrac 8), iii, 517. 7 ene (Dromicus), ii. leucomelas (Himantodes), : iii. ite eucome thus), iii. is leucomelas (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 266. oe (Typhlops), i. mi" oe (Coronella), i. ret stents (Typhlops), leucosticta (Naja), iii. leucostigma (Bothrops), iii. 535. - coy (Acontias), iii leucostomus Sod ee thus), ii, 296 leucostomus (Symphi- mus), iii. 642. a (Atractaspis), iii. 14 rte (Bothrops), iii. levingii (Sil bura), i. Bing lewint (laps i 6 iii. Lianthera, 1 ili. 599 Liasis, i. 76, 81. liberiensis (Boa), iii. 592, liberiensis | (Onycho- cephalus), i. 42. liberiensis (Python), iii. 592. liberienss (Typhlops), i. 49. Lichanura, i. 129. lichensteinii (Aspide- laps), iii. 470. lichensteinii (Oausus), iii. 470, lichensteinii (Coluber), ii. 10. liebmanni mus), i. 295. Lielaphis, i. 364. a ag hh (Typhlops), i. 34; iii. Tilgostoouie, ii. 246. limngea (Vipera), iii. 477. Limnophis, i. 272. lindheimeri (Coluber), ii, 50. lindheimeri (Panthero- phis), ii. 50. lindheimeri (Scotophis), ii. 50. lindsayi (Aturia), iii. 281, lindsayi (Hydrophis), iii. 281. lineata (Boa), iii. 368. lineata (Hapsidophrys), ii. 104 ii. 104. lineata (Maticora), iii. 401. lineata (Storeria), i. 289. lineata (Tachymenis), iii. 123. lineata (Toluca), ii. 269. lineata (Typblina), i. 15. lineaticollis (Arizona), ii. 64. lineatieollis (Coluber), ii. lineaticollis (Pituophis), ii. 64. lineatum (Bowdon), i. 2. lineatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 219. lineatum (Pilidion), i. 15. lineatum (Rhabdosoma), ii. 312. lineatum (Tropidoclo- . nion), i. 289. lineatum (Typhlinalis), i. 15 lineatus (Aparallactus), iii. 261. lineatus (Aporophis), ii 158; ili. 634. lineatus (Apostolepis), iii. 236. lineatus (Bascanion), i. lineatus (Boodon), i. 331, 332; iii. 616. lineatus (Bothrophthal- . mus), i. 324. lineatus (Bungarus), iii, lineatus (Coluber), ii. 158. lineatus (Conophis), iii. 122. lineatus (Conopsis), ii. » 268 lineatus (Cyclocorus), i. . $27; iii. 615. lineatus (Cylindrophis), i. 187. lineatus (Dromicus), ii. 141, 158, 170. lineatus (Dromophis), iii. 149. lineatus Rc A . ii, 149 lineatus (Blaphis), i, 324, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. lineatus (Geophis), ii 312. “eer (Herpetodryas), - ii, 158. Iineatus (Ischnognathus), i. 289. Wheatus (Lycodon), i. 327. lineatus (Lygophis), ii. - 158. lineatus (Metopophis), iii. 261. lineatus (Microps), i. 289. lineatus (Philodryas), iii. 149. lineatus (Psammophis), iii. 122. ‘lineatus (Tomodon), iii. 22. lineatus (Tropidonotus), i. 262. lineatus (Typhlops), i 15; iii. 584. lineatus (Uriechis), iii. 261 lineatus (Zamenis), i. - 888; iii. 621 lineofasciatus (Helicops), - 4, 281. lineolata (Dendrophis), ii. 80, 85. lineolata (Eutzenia), i. 202 lineolatum (Taphrome- topon), iii. 151. lineolatus (Coluber), iii. 151. lineolatus (Dendrophis), ii. 80, 85; iii. 629. lineolatus (Spheno- calamus), ii. 326. lineolatus (Typhlops), i. 42 linnei (Calamaria), ii. Ps ‘ liocercus (Ahetulla), ii. 111, 113. liocercus (Coluber), ii. 113 liocereus (Dendrophis), | ii. 111, 113. liocercus (Leptophis), ii. 111, 113; iii. 633. Liodytes, i. 272. Lioheterodon, i. 268. Lioninia, i iii. 212. Liopala, iii. 271. Liopeltis, ii. 255, 257. Liophallus, iii. 59. Liophidium, iii. 598. 687 Dlophis, ii. 118, 126, 160, Liotyphlops, i. 4. lippicus (Geophis), 188. lippicus (Sympholis), ii. 188. Lisalia, i. 76. Lissophis, i. 336. liura (Silybura), i. 149. lividum (Lycodon), i. 366. lividus (Bungarus), ili, 370. lividus (Lielaphis), i. 366. lividus (Pseudylocodon), i. 366. longicauda (Ablabes), ii. 284; iii. 643. longicauda (Coronella), i. ee 3S longicauda (Glauconia), ~ i. 66. longicauda (Meizodon), i. 217. longicauda (Stenostoma), i. 66. longicaudata (Grayia), ii. 288 longicaudatum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. 313. longicaudatus (Geagras) ii. 250. longiceps (Atractus), ii. 305. ie 0 (Calamaria), ii. 329. longiceps iii. 275. longiceps ii. 329. longiceps (Pseudorhab- dium), ii. 329; iii. 646. longiceps (Rhabdosoma), ii. 305. longifrenatus (Philo- thamnus), ii. 96. longifrons (Psammophis), iii. 165. longifrontale (Homalo-. cranium), iii. 218. longissima (Natrix), ii, 52. longissimus “ (Ophthal- midion), i. 33. longissimus (Callopeltis), ii. 53. longissimus (Coluber), ii, 52, 357 ; iii. 627. en (Typhlops), i, 33. (Hydrophis), (Oxycalamus), 688 a (Vipera), iii. lophophrys (Cerastes), iii. 497. loreata (Hydrophis), iii. 301 loreata (Rhadinea), ii. 179. loreatus (Lapemis), iii. lovii (Calamaria), ii, 350. Loxocemi, i. 74. Loxocemina, i. 74. Loxocemus, i. 74. Loxodon, i. 413. lubrica (Naja), iii. 390. lubrica (Natrix), iii. 390, jubricus (Aspidelaps), iii. 390. lubricus (Elaps), iii. 390. gen (Hydrops), iii. tubrloas (Pelagophis), iii. 306 Jucani (Atheris), iii. 509. lucifer (Caudisona), iii. 576. lucifer (Crotalus), iii. 576. lugubris (Crotalus), i 581, 582. Iumbricalis (Anguis), i. 21, 31. lumbricalis (Typhlops), i. 21, 27, 31; iii. 585. lumbriciformis (Letheo- bia), i. 54. lumbriciformis pivorene: cephalus), i. bi ass tig (Ty- phlops), i. 54; iii. 590. lumbricoidea (Oala- - maria), ii. 333, 344. ao (Tropidodipsas), ii lunulata (Vermicella), iii. 407. lunulatus (Aparallactus), iii. 258. ary Wi (Phrynonax), nla (Spilotes), ii. 2 lunulatus (Uriechis), iii. juteostriatus (Coluber), i. 395. lutescens (Naja), iii. 380. luteus (Lachesis), iii. 553. mee (Trimeresurus), iii. 3. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, lutrix (Coluber), ii. 274. lutrix (Homalosoma), ii. 274, 275; iii. 642. luzonensis (Zaocys), . 377. Lycodon, i. 827, 336, 348, ov 364, 369; iii, 56, Lycodoniens, i. 177. Lycodontide, i. 177 ; iii. 597. Lycodontiens, i. 177. Lycodontine, i. 177 ; iii. 597. Lycodryas, iii. 44. Lycognathophis, i, 317. Tyeogoatlay iii. 56, 58, 1 Lycophisivaas i. 336. Lygophis, iii. 127. lyrop anes (Lycodon), i iii, ] shanes (Trimorpho- sop iil. 56. : Lystrophis. ii. 151. Lytorhynchus, i. 414. macclellandii (Callophis), iii. 898, 402. . erie (Elaps), iii. macclellanii (Pituophis), ii. 69. macfarlani (Distira), iii 294 mackloti (Liasis), i. 79. macleayi (Hypsirhina), iii. 9. macleayi(Pseudoferania), iii, 9. Macrelaps, iii. 255. Macrocalamus, ii. 327. macrocereus (Dromicus), lL le macrolepis (Glauconia), i. 69. macrolepis (Lachesis), iii, macrolepis (Peltopelor) iii. 560. macrolepis (Silybura), i, 159. more (Stenostoma), 69. abies is (Trimeresu- rus), Fi. sot sacra ii, 286. macrophthalma (Herpe- todryas), ii. 73. macroph almus (‘Tropi- donotus), i. 251, 270, macrophthalmus (Xeno- don), i. 251, 270, 27]. Macropisthodon, i i, 265, Macropophis, i. 264, Macroprotodon, iii. 175, Macrops, ii. 71. macro (Dendrophis), ii. 85. macrops (Oligolepis), iii. 644. : macrops anv eeiene don), i. macrops (in, idonotus 1. itis ), macrorhina (Dipsas), iii, macrorhinum (Rhinobo- thryum), iii. 82. macrorhynchum (Steno- toma; | . 61. macrorhynchus (Glauco- nia), i. 61, macrorhynchus _—_(Sily- bura), i. 153. macroscelis (Oylindro- phis), i. 137. Macrosoma, iii. 167. ee (Eutainia), 211; iii. 602. aueebenee (‘Tropido- notus), i, 211; iii. 602, Macrostomata, i. 71, 169. macrurns (Calamaria), ii, 344. ‘ macrurus (Onychoce lus), i. 32, : phae macularius (Amblycepha- lus), iii. macularius (Pareas), iii. 444. maculata (Angus) i. 136. ens (Cylindrophis), i. ee (Denisonia), iii, 341. (Dipsadoboa), (Ficimia), ii, (Hydrophis), maculata (Hypsirhina iii. 8, 10. ia ) maculata (Ilysia), i. 186, maculata (Isoscelis), ii, 306. maculata iii, 48, maculata maculata iii. 267. maculata (Naja), iii. i é — (Oxyrhina), ii. cat - arias), iii.548, macu ilybura),i.149, maculata (Ungalia), 112, 113; iii. 594. maculatum (Nymphophi- dium), i. 371. maculatum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii. 8305, 306, 307, 308. maculatus (Anoplophal- lus), ii. 353. ee (Atractus), ii. 306 ; iii. 645. maculatus(Chilabothrus), i. 98, maculatus (Ooluber), i. 405; ii. 39. maculatus (Conopsis), ii. maculatus (Corallus), i. 101. maculatus (Cyclochorus), iii. 33. maculatus § (Cylindro- phis), i. 186; ili. 595. maculatus (Distichurus), ili. 467. maculatus (Eryx), i. 127. maculatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 341. maculatus (Leionotus), i. maculatus (Megalops), ii. 353. maculatus (Oxyrhopus), ili. 110. maculatus (Stenophis), iii, 43. maculatus (Streptopho- rus), i. 293. maculatus (Tortrix), i 136 maculatus (Trimesurus), iii. 562. maculatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 225, 258, 260; iii. 608. maculatus (Tropidophis), i. 112, 113. maculiceps ‘(Callophis), iii. 397. maculiceps (Elaps),. iii. 397. ‘maculivittis (Alsophis), ii. 11. maculivittis (Dromicus), ii. 11. maculolineata (Calama- ria), li. 336. maculosa (Calamaria), ii. 345, maculosa (Hypsirhina), iii. 10. VOL, IIlI.- . ALPHABETICAL INDEX. maculosus (Liasis), i. 77. madagascariensis (Ano- malodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Boa), i. 120; iii. 594. madagascariensis (Coral- lus), i. 103. madagascariensis (Dro- micus), i. 248. madagascariensis (Hete- rodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Lan- gaha), iii. 36. madagascariensis (Lio- heterodon), i. 269. madagascariensis (Mimo- phis), iii. 171. madagascariensis (Pelo- philus), i. 120. madagascariensis (Sanzi- nia), i. 103. madagascariensis (Typh- lops), i. madagascariensis (Xipho- soma), i. 103. madarensis (Vipera), i 101 madensis (Tropidonotus), - = 6 : i, 256. maderensis (Coluber), i 191. madurensis (Platyplec- trurus), i. 166. madurensis (Silybura), i. 156 ; iii. 596. mzoticus (Coluber), ii. 44. magnus (Lycodon), i. 365 mahfalensis (Mimophis), iii. 171. mahfalensis (Psammo- phis), iii. 171. Mainophis, i. 305. mairii (Tropidonotus), ili. 602. majalis (Leptophis), ii. 258. majalis (Philophyllo- phis), ii. 258. major (Ablabes), ii. 279. major (Atractus), ii. 307. major (Cyclophis), ii. 279. major (Distira), iii. 289. say 4 (Hydrophis), iii. major (Hydrus), iii. 288, 289. major (Trimorphodon), 689 malabaricus (Cophias), ili. 558. Re an (Cynophis), 6 malabaricus (Elaps), iii. 394. malabaricus (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 36. malabaricus (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 558. malaccana (Asthenodip- sas), iii, 442, malaccanus(Amblycepha- lus), iii. 442. malayana (Callophis), ii. 402. malayanus (Adéniophis), ili. 402. malignus (Coluber), i. malignus (Lycodon), i 349. Malpolon, iii. 141. mamillaris (Anguis), iii. 277. mamillaris (Hydrophis), - ii. 277. mancas(Leptophis), ii. 88. wi" eck oluber), ii. bardiiuee (Typhlops), iii. 587. maniar (Dendrophis), ii. manillensis (Elaphis), ii. 62 Manolepis, iii. 120. marcgravii (Hlaps), iii. 419, 423, 427, 428, 432. marciana ‘(Eutainia), i 210 ; iii. 602. marcianus (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 210; iii. 602. margaritatum (Gonyoso- ma), ii. 71. margaritatus - phis), ii. 71. margaritifera (Oalama- ria), ii. 336. margaritiferus (Corypho- don), ii. 196. margaritiferus cus), ii. 17. margaritiferus (Drymo- bius), ii. 17; iii. 626. margaritiferus (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 17 margaritiferus phis), ii. 17. margaritiferus (Mastico- phis), iii. 626... 2x (Gonyo- (Dromi- (Lepto- 690 margaritiferus (Thamnos- ophis), ii. 17. margarivophora (Calama- ria), ii. margaritophorus (Aipy- surus), ui. S04. margaritophorus (Am- blycephalus), iii, 445. manger bopborne (Lepto- gnathus), iti, 445. margaritophorus (Pare- as), iil. 445. marginatus (Helicops), i. 251. marginatus (Leptophis), ii, 112 ; iii, 633. marginatus (Thrasops), ii. 113, marimorata (Cenchris), iii. 522. maroccanus (Macropro- todon), iii. 175. martapurensis (Calama- ria), li, 344. martensii (Tropidono- tus), 1. 221. — (Calopisma), ii. martii (Homalopsis), ii. 187, martii . (Hydrops), ii, 187 ; iii. 637. martii (Pseuderyx), iii, 637 massasauga (Crotalopho- rus), iil. 571, mastersii (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 336. Masticophis, i. 379, Maticora, iii. 399, mattazoi (Blaps), i lii, 362. Maudia, i. 160. maura (Hypsirhina), i. 540 mauritanica (Bitis), iii. mauritanica (Olotho), iii. 488, mauritanica (Echidna), iii. 488. mauritanica (Vipera), iii 488. mauritanicus (Macropro- todon), iii, 175. maurus (Coluber), i. 235, maurus (Epicrates), i, 94. maximiliani (Coluber), iii. 57 may ottensis (Ablabes), 183, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. mayottensis (Knicogna- thus), i. 183. LA ghana eck rit GKencealams, iii. medici ; (Dipens), ii. 355. Meditoria, i. 7. medusa (‘Tropidonotus), i. meeki (Dendrophis), iii. 629, Megablabes, i. 379. Megeera, iii at er (Bothrops), iii 35, 538. ee (Coluber), iii. 535. Megzrophis, iii. 365. negra (Spilotes), ii. Megtlops ‘Cinta: ' m ops utainia), i. ‘212 iii 602. megaspilus (Trigono- cephalus), iii. 525, Meizodon, ii. 188. melanauchen (Enicogna- thus), ii. 175. ae (Rhadinza), ii. 175 melanichnus (Alsophis), ii. 122. melanis (Vipera), iii. 476. melanis (Coluber), iii. 476. melanocephala (Calama- ria), iii, 215. melanocephala (Ooronel- melanocephala ria), iii. 215, (Rhadi- nea), i. 100. melanocephala (Tachy- melanocephala (Tantilla), iii, 215. locranium), iii, 215, 218, 220. la), ii. 246. (Duber- melanocephala menis), iii. 205. melanocephalum (Homa- < {aalanovephatnas (Homa- losoma), ii. 246. malate (Abla- bes), i. 185, seis amet (Aspi- diotes), i. 91. meélanocephalus (Aspi- dites), i. 91; iii, 592. i, melanocephalus(Oatheto- rhinus), i. 15. melanocephalus (Colu- ber), iii. 215. melanocephalus (Dromi- cus), li. 173. melanocephalus (Elaps),. iii. 210. melanocephalus (Enico- eral i. 186; ii- 72, 17 melanocephalus (Ery- throlawprus), iii. 205. melanocephalus (Hydro- phis), 3 iii. melanocephalus (Lyco- don), i. 5 (Oligo- melanocephalus i don), ii. 246. melanocephalus (Polyo- ee ia) 3 i, "& melanocephalus dustin “46. melanocephalus ‘ (Typh- lops), i. 15. py NT eek (Oxyro- pus), iii. melanogaster (Crealia), Abies utgenia),. i ; lil, iT ee melanogaster (Hydree- thiops), i. 281; iii 610. melanogaster (Mytilia), i 146. melanogaster (Rhino~ his), i. 146. melanogaster (Silybura), scheanateian (Tropido- notus), i. 225; iii. 604. melanogenys (Elaps), i iiie 427. melanogenys (Oxyrho- pus), ii. 105. melanogenys (Spheno- cephalus), iii. 105, melanoleuca (Naia), iii- 376. melanoleucus (Coluber), ii. 68 melanoleucus (Pituo- his), ii. 68. melanolomus (Mastico- his), ii. 11. ~~ 5 oy (Zamenis), Bran (Liophis), ii. 134. Melanophidium, i. 163. melanopleurus ree tris), iii. 2A2. melanorhynchus (Cala- maria), ii, 333. melanosoma (Distira), iii, 291. melanosoma(Hydrophis), iii. 291. melanostigma (Dendro- phis), ii. 99, melanostigma (Dromi- cus), ii. 142. melanostigma (Liophis), ii. 142. melanostigma (Natrix), ii. 142. melanota (Calamaria), ii. 349 ; iii. 648. melanoteenia (Elaps), iii. 403. ae melanoteenia (Euteenia), i, 211 melanoterma (Steno- stoma), i. 68; iii. 591. melanotropis (Coluber), - i. 83. melanotropis (Crossan- thera), iti. 626. melanotropis (Dendr- - ophidium), ii, 33. melanotropis (Elaphis), ii. melanotus (Coluber), ii. 134 melanotus(Cylindrophis), i. 135. melanotus (Dromicus), i. 248 ; ii. 134. melanotus (Elaps), iii. 433. melanotus (Liophis), i 134. melanotus (‘Triglypho- don), iii. 71. melanozostus (Bothro- phthalmus), i. 324. melanozostus (Tropido- notus), i. 230. melanura (Boa), i. 111. melanura (Denisonia), iii. 345. melanura (Ungalia), i. 111; iii. 593. melanurum (Compso- soma), ii, 60, 62. melanurus (Coluber), ii. 60; iti. 397. melanurus (Elaphis), ii. 60, 62. melanurus (Elaps), 397. melanurus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 340. 4- . meleagris ALPHABETICAL INDEX, melanurus (Hydrophis), iii, 2738. melanurus (Spilotes), ii. 31, 35, 60, 62 melanurus (‘Tropidophis), i U1. melas (Herpetodryas), ii. 76; iii. 628. meleagris (Calamaria), ii 9. meleagris (Lycophidium), i. 337. méloagris Opheomor- phus), ii. 3h meleagris (Prosymna), ii. 249; iii. 641. (Temnorhyn- chus), ii, 249. mentalis (Boodon), i. 335. mentalis (Dromicus), iii. 137. mentalis (Hlaps), iii. 432. mentalis (Hydrophis), iii. 289. mentovarium (Basca- nium), i. 389. mentovarius (Coluber), i. 389 mentovarius (Corypho- don), i. 389, mentovarius (Zamenis), i. 389; iii. 621. meridionalis (Bothrops), iii. 542. meridionalis (Coluber), ii. 194, meridionalis (Coronella), ii, 194. merremi (Boa), i. 101. merremii (Coluber), ii. merremii (Coronella), ii. 131, 168 merremii (Liophis), ii. 131, 138, 168, 169. merremii ‘(Ophiomor- phus), ii. 168, 169. merremii (Ophis), ii. 150. merremii (Rhadinza), ii merremii (Xenodon), ii mesomelana (Regina), i. 226. sects iy a (Tropido- notus), i. Mesopelis, i iii. 446. Mesotes, iii. 115, 117. messasaugus (Crotalus), iii. 570. 691 - Metoporhina, i. 336. mexicana (Ahsetulla), ii. 108. : mexicana (Anomalepis), i. 59. mexicana (Boa), i. 119. mexicana (Coronella), ii, 201. mexicana (Phimothyra), i. 392. mexicana (Salvadora), i. 392. mexicania (Bergenia), iii. 229. gry: ‘mexicanum (Bascanium), iti. 622. mexicanum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 215. mexicanus (Anomalepis), 1,59. mexicanus (Atropos), iii. 544 mexicanus (Bothriechis), iii. 544. mexicanus (Bothriopsis), iii. 545. mexicanus iii. 545 mexicanus (Cerastes), ii. 33 (Bothrops), mexicanus (Chilomenis- cus), iii. 230. mexicanus (Coluber), i. 392. mexicanus (Hlapomor- phus), iii. 215, mexicanus (Hapsido- phrys), ii. 108. mexicanus (Leptophis), ii, 108. mexicanus (Lytorhyn- chus), i. 392. mexicanus (Masticophis), i. 392. ere (Ophibolus), i. 201. Bisa cen (Pituophis), ii. mexicanus (Thrasops), il. 108. mexicanus (Zamenis), i. 392 ; iii. 622. meyerinkii (Simotes), ii- michahelles (Xenodon), ii. 65 michoacanense (Homalo- cranium), iii. 211. michoacanensis (Contia), iii. 211. 2x2 692 michoacanensis (Ela _ morphus), iii. 211. michoacanensis (Elaps), ni. 423. michoacanensis (Scoleco- phis), iii. 211. Micrelaps, iii. 248. microcephala (Hydro- phis), iii. 280. microcephala (Thalasso- phis), iii. 280. M icrocephalophis, iii. 271. mic -rocephalum (Rhabdo- soma), i mierocephalus fap (Geophia), i. 304. Microdromus, iii. 212. microlepidota (Atractas- pis), ii. 517. microlepidota (Dieme- nia), iii. microlepidotus (Macr- ela =) iii. 255, 512. microlepidotus (Pseud- echis), iii. 332. microlepidotus (Uri- echis), iii. 255. microlepis (Cerberus), iii. 18 microlepis (Loxodon), i. 413. microlepis (Rhinophis), i. 148 microlepi s (Spalerosphis), i. 413, microlepis (Zamenis), i 413; iii. 625. Micropechis, iii. 346. Microphis, iii. 229. micropholis(Atractaspis), ivi. 516. micropholis (Coronella), ii. ; iii, 638. micropholis (Lampro- peltis), ii, 203. microphthalma (Amblyo- dipsas), iii. 244. microphthalma (Cala- maria), iii, 244. microphthalmus (Bo- throps), iii. microphthalmus (Lache- sis), iii. 540. Micropisthodon, _ iii. 614. Microps, i. 285. microps (Ooronella), i. 316. micro pus), (Pseudoxyrho- i, 315 ; iii. 613. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. ae (Rhab- dosoma), ii Microsoma, iii. 249, microstomus (Typhlops), i. 53. : Micrurus, iii. 411. mikani ag oe iii. 452, 453, 4 mikanii (Anholodon), iii. 453 mikanii (Dipsas)) iii. 453. milberti ( Hg rus), iii. a oe ‘Condiitoan), iii. ruiliaria (Anguis), i. 125. miliaris (Ooluber), ii. . 168 miliaris (Tortrix), i. 126. miliarius (Orotalopho- rus), iii. 570, 571. miliarius (Crotalus), iii. 569, 571 miliarius (Sistrurus), iii. 570 mimeticus (Dimades), iii. 637 mimeticus (Pseudoeryx), iii. 637. Mimophis, iii. 171. mimus (Opheomorphus), ii. 164. mimus (Rhadinza), ii. 164 minax (Natrix), i, 219. mindorensis (Calamaria), iii. 646. miniata, (Tantilla), iii. 222. miniatum (Homalocrani- um), iii. miniatus (Coluber), iii. miniatus (Dryophylax), iii. miniatus iii. 35. miniatus iii. 35. minor iii. minor “(Hoplocephalus), 356. iii. minuta (Vipera), iii. 488. minutus (Coluber), i. 219. Miodon, iii. 249. we (Oalamelaps), iii. waiclaaat (Dromicus), il 175. (Ithyeyphus), (Philodryas), i eo mipartitus (Elaps), iii. Pr (Elaps) Miralia, i iii. 2. mirus (‘Typhlops), i. 52. serge (Caudisona), mitchelli (Crotalus), iii, 580. mite (Homalosoma), ii, 267 mitis (Contia), ii. 267. i (Coluber), ii. mocquardii _(‘Tetrano- rhinus), i. 283 ; iii. 611, modesta (Aheetulla), i ii. 107. modesta (Boa), i, 101. modesta (Cacophis), iii. 324, modesta (Calamaria), iis 340 ; iii. 647. modesta (Contia), ii. 261. eae (Coronella), ii. modesta (Diemenia), iii. 324 modestum PR iggsr= ton), i. modestum O(Lpebaoated 366. modestum Oars dium), i. modestum (Bhabdoso- ma), i. 302, 303. modestus (Ablabes), ii. , 262. modestus ‘(Ambl ce lus), iii, 444. i ac" modestus (Atractus), ii. 304. modestus (Boodon), i. 344. modestus (Bothrophthal- mus), i. 324. TT (Oyclophis), ii. 1 modestus (Dendrelaphis), ii. 91 ; ini. modestus (Diadophis), i ii. 208. modestus (Elapops), iii. 262, 649. modestus (Euophrys), iii. 181. modestus (Geophie), i, 302. modestus (Helicops), i. modestus (Heterodon), i. modestus (Homalosoma), ii. 260. modestus (Hormonotus), i. 843; iii. 617. modestus (Lamprophis), i. 343. modeaite (Leptophis), ii. 107. modestus (Lielaphis), i. 366, 367. - modestus (Lioheterodon), i. 269. modestus (Lycodon), i. , 366. modestus (Oligodon), ii. 238 ; (Pareas), iii. modestus (Philotham- nus), ii. 107. modestus (Stegonotus), i. 366. modestua 444 modestus (Stenognathus), i. 302, 303. modestus (Tropidonotus), i. 229. moellendorfii (Ambly- . cephalus), iii. 443. . moellendorifii (Coluber), ii. 56 moellendorffii (Cyno- phis), ii. 56. moellendorffii (Pareas), iii. 443. meesta (Geophis), ii. 319. moesta (Helicops), i. mesta (Tantilla), iii. mestum (Homalocrani- um), iii. 225. moestum (Rhabdosoma), ii. 319. | mostus (Geophis), ii. 319 moestus (Tropidonotus), i. 274. moilensis iii. 143. moilensis (Coluber), iii. 143. (Ccelopeltis), mokasen (Agkistrodon), iii. 522. mokeson (Cenchris), iii. 52: mokeson (Scytale), iii. 522. moliniger (Psammophis), 89. i.l molorchinus (Philo- dryas), iii, 184. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, molossus (Caudisona), iii. 574. molossus (Coluber), ii. 3 molossus (Crotalus), iii, 574 molurus (Coluber), i. 87. molurus (Homalopsis), iii. 14, 16. molurus (Python), i. 87, 418. moniliger (Coluber), iii. 161. moniliger (Psammophis), ii. 261; iii. 156, 157, 161, 164, 169. monilis (Coluber), iii. 14. monilis (Homalopsis), iii. Monobothris, iii. 633. monochrous (Oalamaria), ii. 340. monozona_ (Hrythro- lamprus), iii. 201. monspeliensis (Coluber), ili. 142. monspessulana (Ceelo- peltis), iii. 141. monspessulanus (Colu- ber), iii. 141. montanta (Vipera), iii. 496. montanum (Pilidion), i 137 montanus (Thanatophis), iii. 544, monticola (Amblycepha- lus), iii. 443. monticola (Calamaria), i. 299. monticola (Oyclophis), i. 299. monticola (Dipsas), ii. 280 ; iii. 443. monticola (Lachesis), iii. 48 monticola (Pareas), iii. 443, monticola (Trachischi- um), i. 299; iii. 612. monticola , (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 548, 553. monticola (Tropidono- tus), i. 259 ; iti. 608, monticolus (Coluber), ii. moreletii (Tropidonotus), i341. moreletii (Ungalia), i 111 Morelia, i. 81. 693 mormon (Coluber), i? 387. mormon (Masticophis), i. 387 mortoni (Tropidonotus), i. 267. mortuarius (Coluber), i. 230, 241 mortuarius (Helicops), i. 241. mortuarius (Tropidono- tus), i. 230, 241. mosis charas (Vipera), iii. 481 mossambica (Naja), iii. 378. mossambica (Dasypeltis), ii. 355 mossambica (Psammo- phis), iii, 162. mossambicus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 41. mossambicus (Typhlops), i, 41. mucosa (Natrix), i. 385, mucosus (Coluber), i. 385, mucosus (Ptyas), 1. 385. mucosus (Zamenis), i. 385 ; iii, 621. - mucronatus (Typhlops), i, 37. mucrosquamatus (Lache- si8), iii. 552. mucrosquamatus (Trigo- nocephalus), lii. 552. mucrosquamatus (Trime- resurus), iii. 552. mucruso (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. mucruso (Typhlops), i. 46 ; iii. 588. muelleri (Demansia), iii. 316. muelleri (Denisonia), iii. 337. muelleri (Diemenia), iii. 316. muelleri (Elaps), iii. 316. muelleri (Eryx), i. 128. muelleri (Gongylophis), i. 128. muelleri(Hoplocephalus), iii. 337. muelleri (Micrelaps), iii. 249. muelleri (Platurus), iii. . 809. muelleri (Pseudelaps), iii. 316. muelleri (Stegonotus), i 367. 694 miilleri hlops), i, 25. mie erpetodrya) Sahat " (Lycodon), i, 368. mulleri (Odontomus), i. 368 multicarinata (Bolieria), _ 1.122; iii. 595. multicarinatus (Platy- gaster), i, 122. multicinctum (Rhabdoso- ma), ii. ‘ multicinctus (Bungarus), iii, 368. multicinctus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 71. multicinctus (Ophibolus), ii. 197. multifasciata (Coronella), ii, 202. Be eer (Dipsas), iii. si etbaddabs (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 69. multifasciatus (Elaps), iii. 431. multifasciatus (Mesopel- tis), iii, 459, multifasciatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 101. multifasciatus (Petalo- gnathus), iii. 459. multifasciatus (Simotes), ii. 222. multilineata rhina), iii, 10. multilineatus(Dromicus), ii. 181. rmoultilineatus (Onycho- cephalus), i. 50. multilineatus (Typhlops), i. 50 (Hypsi- i. 50. multimaculata (Boiga), iii. 64, multimaculata (Coro- nella), iii. 125, 148. multimaculata (Dipsas), iii. 63. multimaculata (Dipsina), iii. 148, snultimaculata(Huteenia), i, 214. multimaculata (Lycophi- dium), i. 339 multimaculata | (Rhager-. rhis), iii. 148. multimaculatus (Amplo- rhinus), iii, 125. multimaculatus marchus), i, 214. (Atc ALPHABETICAL INDEX. multimaculatus (Orota- lus), iii. 582. multimaculatus (Dipsa- domorphus), iii. 63. multimaculatus (Psam- mophylax), iii. 125. multimaculatus (Rham- phiophis), iii. 148. multimaculatus (Tropi- donotus), i. 214. : multipunctata (Cala- maria), ii. 345. multisectus (Homalochi- lus), i. 96. multistratus (Ophibolus), ii. 201 multistriata (Lampro- peltis), ii, 201. multocarinata (Eryx), i. 122. shuitina (Boa), i. 115. murinus (Enulius), ii. 250; iii. 641. murinus (Hunectes), i. murorum (Natrix), i. 219. muta (Boa), iii. 534. mutabilis (Coluber), ii 3 :f “ne (Natrix), ii 37. mutabilis (Scotophis), ii 37. mutabilis (Trimeresurus), iii. 555, Geophis) ee (Geophis), . 804. mutitorgues (Rhabdoso- ma), il. mutus (Crotalus), iii mutus (Lachesis), iii 534, 544. mycterizans (Coluber), iii. 182. mycterizans iii, 182. mycterizans (Dryophis), @ iii. 182. mycterizans (Passerita), iii, 183, 184, myhendree (Silybura), i. 156 ; iii, 596. va ig (Glauconia), i. (Dryinus), myopicum (Stenostoma), i. 69. mgrioleps (Lichanura), . 129, Myron, i i, 272; iii, 19. mystacina (Leptodira), iii. 92. mystacinum (Sibon), iii. 92. Mytilia, i. 140, 144. Naja, iii. 327, 346, 348, 372, 388, 390, 465. naja (Coluber), i iii. 380. naja (Vipera), iii. 380. najadum (Tyria), i. 397. Najide, iii. 310. Najinz, iii. 310. napei (Lycodon), i. 349, Nardoa, i. 75, 76. narduccii (Elaps), iii. 433, narirostre (Stenostoma), i. narirostris (Glauconia), i. 65; iii. 591. eer ’ (Catostoma), ii. nasale (Rhabdosoma), ii. 318. nasalis (Causus), iii. 468. — (Oyclophis), ii. 9 , nasicornis (Bitis), iii, nasicornis (Cerastes), iii. nasicornis (Clotho), iii. 500. nasicornis (Coluber), iii. nasicornis (Echidna), iii. 500. nasicornis (Vipera), iii. 500. nasicus (Heterodon), ii. 156. nasua (Vipera), iii. 114. nasus (Bothrops), iii. 543. nasus (Conopsis), ii. 268, nasus cms ii. 268. nasus (Ficimia), ii. 268. pat a ae nasuia vaca a nasuta (Meditoria), i. 31. nasutus (Anguis)), i. A nasutus (Bothrops), iii, 547. nasutus (Ooluber), iii, 182 nasutus (D inus), iii, 180, 182.7 nasutus (Dryophis), iii. 188. : nasutus (Manolepis), iii. 120. nasutus (Porthidium), iii. 547. eet (Tomodon), iii. nasuum (Rhbinostoma), iii. 114. natalensis (Aheetulla), ti. 94 natalensis (Atractaspis), iii. 512. nT (Chlorophis), natalensis eseer): i. 94. natidaesaie (Hortulia), i 86. natalensis (Philotham- nus), ti. 94. matalensis (Python), i. 86 ; iii. 592. Natricidee, i. 177 ; iii. 597. Natricine, iii. 597. Natrix, i. 192’; ii. 24, 25. natrix (Coluber), i. 219. natrix (Tropidonotus), i. 219, 419; iii. 603. nattereri (Coluber), iii - 116, nattereri (Dipsas), iii. ll nattereri (Heterodon), ii. 152. nattereri (Philodryas), iii, 134 nattereri (Thamnody- nastes), iii. 116. nattereri (Tropidonotus), iii. 116. nauii (Coluber), ii. 45. Nauticophes, iii. 264. nebulatus (Cerastes), ii. 293. nebulatus (Coluber), ii 293. nebulatus (Dipsas), ° ii 293. . nebulatus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 293; iii. 644. nebulatus (Petalogna- thus), ii. 293. nebulatus (Sibon), iii, 644. nebulosus (Oyclophis), ii. 278. nebulosus (Coluber), ii 192. Neelaps, iii. 405. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, neelgherriensis(Cophias), iii. 549. neelgherriensis (‘Trigono- cephalus), iii. 549. neglecta (Ahztulla), ii. 94, neglectus (Chlorophis), ii. 94; iii. 631. neglectus (Dendraspis), lii. 436, neglectus (Periops), i 407. neglectus (Philotham- nus), neglectus ‘(Zamenis), i. 407 . Neopareas, iii. 446. Neospades, iii. 19. neovidii (Xenodon), ii 8. was (Coluber), iii. 39, 528 nepa (Hypnale), i iii. 528. Nerodia, i. 193. neumayeri (Ooluber), iii 142. Neusterophis, i. 193. neuwiedii (Bothrops), iii. 2. neuwiedii (Elapomor- phus), iii. 253. neuwiedii (Lachesis), iii. 542 neuwiedii (Microsoma), iii. 253. neuwiedii (Miodon), iii. neuwiedii(Oxyrhopus),iii. 112 neuwiedii (Pseudoboa), iii. 112. neuwiedii (Scytale), iii. 112, 113 neuwiedii (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 542. neuwiedii (Urobelus), iii. 2 neuwiedii (Xenodon), ii. newtoni (Onychovephafl lus), i. ator Cyto ‘ 5 nicaga (Rhadinea), i 174. nicagus (Lygophis), ii. 174, nicagus (Tzeniophallus), iii. 635. nicobariensis (Ablabes), i. 285. ii. 695 nicobariensis (Tropido- notus), i. 192. niger (Elapechis), iii._ 359. wee Meedoeher) ii. seen (Heterodon), i 155. niger (Nerodia), i. 243. niger (Ophibolus), ii. 197. niger (Scytale), ii. 154. niger (Tropidonotus), i. 242 ni igra(lapsoidea),jii.359. nigra (Hydrophis), iii. 274. nigra (Naja), iii. 376, 380. nigra (Pseudohaje), iii. 388. nigra (Silybura), i. 151. nigra (Tropidonotus), i 219. nigrescens (Anilios), i. 34s nigrescens (Callophis), i. 394. nigrescens (Denisonia), iii. 343. nigrescens (Hemibunga- rus), iii. 394. nigrescens (Hoplocepha- ‘lus), iii. 343. nigrescens (‘Typhlops), i. 35 ; iii. 586. nigricans (Chersodro- mus), i. 295, nigricans (Glauconia), i, 67; iii. 591. nigricans (Stenostoma), i. 6 nigricans (Typhlops), i. 67. ; nigricauda (‘Typhlops), ili. 586. nigricaudus (Allophis), ii. 58. nigricaudus (Elaphis), ii. 58. nigriceps (Aparallactus), iii. 260. nigriceps (Dipsadomor- phus), i iii. 72. nigriceps (Dipsas), iii. 72. nigriceps (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 342. higriceps (Tantilla), iii. 226, nigriceps (Uriechis), iii. 260 nigricollis (Coluber), ii. 260. 696 nigricollis (Naia), iii. 378, 649. nigroadspersus (Both- rops), lii. 567. nigroadspersus (Teleur- sepie), iii. 567. nigro-alba(Calamaria), ii. nigroalbus (Typhlops), i, nigrocincta (Hydrophis), lii. 273, 283, 292. nigrocincta (Elaps), iii. 423. nigrocinctus (Enhydris), iii. 277. «(Hydrophis) ocinctus(Hydrophis), ne 278, 27. nigrocinctus (Hydrus), lii. 277, 283, 299. nigrooinotus (Tropidono- tus), 1.255; iii. 608, nigrofasciata (Leptodira), + li. 92. nigrofusciatum (Sibon), iii. nigrofasciatus (Coluber), iii. nigrofasciatus (Philo- . thamnus), ii. 99. nigrofasciatus (Psammo- phis), ii. 34. nigrolateris (Euteenia), i. 210, nigrolineata (Apostole- pis), i1i..235. nigrolineatus A sare phus), iii, Dt ide (Ouyiis cephalus), i. 42. —— (Regina), i. — (Helicops), i. nigroluteus (Tretano- rhinus), i. 282; iii, 610. nigromaculatus (Alope- cion), i = 617. nigromaculatus (Elaps), iii 396. m) nigromaculatus (Lyco- phidium), i. 340. nigromarginata (Abw- tulla), 11. 112, nigromarginata (Dipsas), ili. 72. nigromarginatus (Bo- throps), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Oo- uber), 1. 376. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. nigromarginatus (Oo- phias), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Lept- ophis), ii. 112 ; iii. nigromarginatus (Trigo- nocephalus), iii. 559. nigromarginatus (Za- ocys), i. 376. nigrostriata (Denisonia), li. 343. nigrostriatus (Hoplo- cephalun), iis 343. nigroteniatus (Adenio- phis), iii. 402. as Aig gent phis), iii. nigroterminata " (Aposto- . lepis), iii. 235. nig'oviridis _ (Bothri- echis), iii. 568. nigroviridis (Bothrops), 568. lll. nigroviridis (Lachesis), ili. nigrum (Bowdon), i. 331. nilgherriensis (Silybura), i. 156, 157, Ninia, i. 291. ae? (Abeetulla), ii. 100, 101 nitida (Silybura), i. 151. nitida (Teleuraspis), iii. 567 nitidus (Lachesis),iii. 567. nitidus (Philothamnus), ii, 1 nivea (Naja), i iii. 376. nivea (Vipera), iii. 374. niveus (Coluber), iii, by non-naja (Naja), iii. noteus (Eunectes), iii 594. notata (Bothriechis), iii. 544. notatum (Microsoma), iii. 252 notatus (Miodon), iii. 252. Notechig, iii. 351. Nothopide, i. 169, 172. Nothopsis, i. 176. Notophis, i. 110, ges poe (Oligodon), ii. notostictus | (Psammo- phis), iii. 156. . nototenia (Awphiophis), iii, 125, ae is nototsnia(Amplorhinus), iii. 125. nototenia (Ooronella), iii. 125, nototenia (Hemirhager- rhis); iii, 125. * nototenia (Psammophy- lax), iii. 125. nototenia (Tachymenis), iii, 125, novyee-hispaniz (Coluber), ii, 33 nuchalis (Diemenia), iii, 326. nuchalis (Dipsas), iii. 66. er (Heeperodigaat nuchalis (Pseudonaja), iii. 326. nuchalis(Trirhinopholis), i. 419; iii. 612. nuchalis eae i, _ ‘i ), ii, nummifer (Atropos), 644. = nummifer (Bothrops), iii. 544. nummifer (Ooluber), i. nummifer (Lachesis), iii- 544, nummifer '(Teleuraspis), iii. nummifer (Thanatophis), iii, 545. nummifer (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 544. nummifer (Zamenis), i. 407 ; iii. 625. nummifera (Bothriechis), iii. nuntius (Dromicus), ii, 181, nursii (Glauconia), iii. 591 nuthalli (Coluber), ii. 47. nyasse (Simocephalus), i. nyctenurus (Elaphis), ii. 64. Nympha, i i, 369. a a (Coluber), i nympha (Dryocalamus), i. 370. nymph (Hydrophobus), Bh a (Lycodon), i. 370. nympha (Odontomus), i, 370. Nymphophidium, i. 369. oatesii ( ryiophis), iii. 185. oatesii (‘Typhlops), i. 23. oaxaca (Beeonnion); i. 386. oaxaca (Co phodon), i 386. e oaxace (Zamenis), i. 386. obliquus (Tropidonotus), i. 243. obscura (Eutznia), i. obscura (Hydrophis), iii. 281 obscuro-striata (Cala- maria), i. 297. obscuro-striatum (Tra- chischium), i. 298. obseurus (Hydrophis), iii. 284, 294. obscurus (Pelamis), iii. obscurus. (Simotes), - 219. obscurus (‘Trimeresurus), iii. 553. obsoleta (Georgia), ii. 31. obsoletus (Coluber), ii. 31, 50. obsoletus (Elaphis), ii. ap yids (Scotophis), ii. 50. rs (Spilotes), ii 1. obtrusus (Mesotes), iii. obtusa (Coronella), ii. hehe obtusa (Rhadinza), ii. - 171. obtusa (Vipera), iii. 487. obtusirostris (Corallus), i. 101. obtusus (Coluber), iii. 52, obtusus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 38. obtusus (Tarbopht), ili. 52. obtusus ("Telescopus), ili. 52. obtusus (Typhlops), 38 ; iii. 586 occidentalis (Ahettulla), ii. 111. occidentalis (Boa), i. 118; iii. 594. ii. 1 occidentalis (Leptophis), li. 111; iii. 633. occidentalis (Thrasops), ii. 1. occidentalis (Drymobius), % ALPHABETICAL INDEX. occipitale (Lamprosoma), ii. 266. occipitale (Rabdion), iii. 319. ra (Rhinostoma), 36. i. 26 codipiitalis (Ablabes), ii. 206. occipitalis (Calamaria), ii. 342. occipitalis (Chionactis), ii, 266. occipitalis (Contia), ii. 266. occipitalis (Diadophis), re) ii. 206. occipitalis (Elaps),iii.407. occipitalis (Hnicogna- thus), ii. 175. occipitalis (Furina), iii 407 occipitalis (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 30. occipitalis (Natrix), iii 108 occipitalis (Ophibolus), ii. 203. occipitalis (Pseudoxyrho- pus), iii. 613. occipitalis (Rhadingea), li. 175; iii. 635. occipitalis (Vermicella), iil. 407. occipito-album (Rhab- dosoma), ii. 310. occipito-albus (Atractus), ii. 310. occipitoluteum (Brachy- ruton), iii. 110. occipitoluteus (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 110. occipitomaculata (Store- ria), i. 287; iii. 611. sr ear Satta (Colu- ber), i. 287. occipitomaculatus (Isch- nognathus), i. 287 ; iii. 6 11. ocellata (Calechidna), ini. 496. ocellata 107. ocellata (Coluber), i. 397. ocellata (Hchidna), iii, 496. ocellata (Hutenia), i. 209. ocellata (Hemidipsas), iii. 620. ocellata (Hydrophis), iii. 290. | (Cenchris), i. 697 ocellata (Leptodira), iii. 94 ocellata (Natrix), i. 235. ocellata (Silybura), i- 150. ocellata (Tyria), i. 397. ocellata (Vipera), iii. 482, 7, 498. ocellatus (Cerastes), iii 498. ocellatus (Coluber), iii- 620 ocellatus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 201. ocellatus (Psammophy- lax), ili. 138. ocellatus (Tomodon), iii. 121, 649. ocellatus (Tropidonotus), i, 236. ocellatus (Xenodon), ii. 150 ochracea (Dipsas), iii. 65. ochracea (Silybura), i ochraceus (Micropistho- don), iii, 614. ochrorhynchus glena), ii. 209. octolineata (Coronella), ii, 224 octolineata (Dendrophis), ii. 89. octolineatus (Coluber), ii. 224. (Hypsi- octolineatus (Elaps), 224. octolineatus (Simotes), ii. 224; iii. 640. Ocyophis, ii. 118. Odontomus, i. 369. Ogmius, iii. 228. Ogmodon, iii. 312. okinavensis (Lachesis), iii. 549, okinavensis (Trimeresu- rus), iii, 549. oldhami (Chlorophis), ii. 93. oldhami (Cyclophis), ii. 93. olfersii (Coluber), iii. 129, olfersii (Dryophylax), iii. 129. olfersi A is ane i, 129 olfersii (Philodryas), iii. 129. Oligodon, ii. 233. bp ee: (Calamaria), iis 37. 698. Oligodonta, i. 169. Oligodontide, i. 177. Oligodontine, iii. 597. Oligolepis, iii, 643. oligozona (Coronella), ii. Olisthenes, iii. 99. olivacea (Ablabes), i. 300. olivacea (Ahetula), ii. 82. olivacea (Boodon), i. 335; iii. 616. olivacea (Coronella), i 217, 227; iii. 604. olivacea (Demansia), iii. 323. olivacea (Dendrophis), ii. 82 olivacea (Diemenia), iii 323, olivacea 270, 271 olivacea (Megera), ili. 559 (Ficimia), ii. oliv acea (Mizodon), i. 227 olivaceus (Holuropholis), i. 335. olivaceus (Homalopsis), iii. 7. olivaceus (Leptophis), i. 383 plivaceus (Liasis),i. 78,79. olivaceus (Lycodon), iii. 323. olivaceus (Megablabes), i. 383. dlivaceus (Mizodon), iii. 604. olivaceus Sa emi eers lus), i. 50. olivaceus (Onychophis), i. 50. olivaceus (Pseudocyclo- phis), i. 300. Wins (Rhabdops), i 300. olivaceus iii, 336. olivaceus (‘Tropidonotus), i. 227; iii. 604. olivaceus (Typhlops), i. 50 (Trimesurus), elivaceus( Zamenis),i.383, omiltemana (Geophis), ii. 299 omiltemanum sema), ii. 299. omiltemanus (Crotalus), iii. 581. omiltemanus (Dromicus), ii. 178. (Diro- ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Onychocephalus, i. 7. Opetiodon, iii. 59. Ophibolus, ii. 188. Ophielaps, i. 308. Ophiomorphus, ii. 160; cee 373. Ophiophagus, iii. ophiophagus (Hamadry- as), iii. ophiophagus (Trimeresu- rus), iii. 347, 386. Ophirhina, iii. 620: Ophis, ii. 144. ophiteoides (Ligendlgn), i. ‘ 356. Ophites, i. 348. ophrias (Boa), 118. Ophryacus, iii. 530. Opbryas, iii. 354. ophryomegas (Bothrie- vesmish iil. “sped ophryomegas (Bothriop- Fis), 3 iii. 546. ophryomegas (Bothrops), iii. 546. Ophthalmidion, i. 7. Opisthiodon, i i. 295, Opisthoglypha, iii. 1. Opisthoglyphes, i. 169. Opisthotropis, i. 283, Opisthoplus, iii. 120. Oplocep alus, iii. 348, Opotérodontes, i i. 8, 57. Ms (Lropidonotus), i. orbiculata (Boa), i. 87. orbign (Apostolepis), lii. ose. 4 : ) orbignyi (Elapomor- phus), iii. 236. orcuttii (Lichanura), i 129 ordinata (Boa), i. 87. ordinata (Eutainia), i. 206. ordinatus (Coluber), i. 205, 206, 286. ordinatus (Python), i. 87. ordinatus 1 abo aoe tus), i. 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208 ; iii. 600. ordinoides (Eutainia), i. 208. oreas (Leptognathus), iii. 453, oregonensis (Crotalus), iii. 580. sara (Crotalus), iii. orientalis (Caudisona), iii. 573. a (Coronella), ii. orientalis (Ophites), i. 363. °P orientalis on eee tus), i. 249. ornata (aturia), iii. 290, ornata ee i. clea), i ornata ( sopelea), iii. 196, 98 ornata ie age iii. 196, 198. q ornata (Denisonia), iii. 341. ornata (Dipsas), iii. 81. ornata (Dintira), i iii. 290. ornata (Eutainia), i. 207. ornata (Ficimia), ii. 271. ornata (Gra, ayia), iii. a geo: (Hydrophis), iii. oat (Hypsiglena), ii, ll ornata (Liophis), ii. 138. ornata (Megzera), iii. 556. ornata (Parias), iii. 556. ornata (Pelamis), iii. 267. ornata (Tyria), iii. 196. ornaticeps (Diemenia), iii. omnaticeps (Elapocepha- lus), iii. 324. ornaticeps | (Elapocra-_ nium), iii. 324. ornatissimus (Elaps), iii. 420, ornatum (Bascanium), i. 391. ornatum (Xiphosoma), i. 101, ornatus (Ablabes), i. 185. ornatus (Chlorophis), ii. 93; iii. 631. ornatus (Coluber), ii. 139, 196 ¢ ornatus (Comastes), ii. 211 ornatus (Orotalus), iii. 574. ornatus (Dromicus), iis 139. ornatus (Elaps), iii. 319. yee (Enicognathus), eh onnibens (Glyphodon), iii. 319. ornatus (Hoplocephalus), iii, 341. ornatus (Leptophis), iii. ornatus (Liophis), ii 13 ornatus (Macrophis), ii. 287. rnatus (Masticophis), i 91 ornatus (Philothamnus), ii. 93; 1ii. 631. ornatus (Tropidonotus), i. 238 ornatus (Zamenis), iii. 22 Orophis, ii, 118. ortonii (Boa), i. 119. ortonii (Leptophis), ii. 114 Osceola, ii. 188. Oularsawa (Coluber), iii. 597. ovivorus (Coluber), ii. 291 owenii (Ablabes), ii. 282. oxiana (Naja), iii. 380. oxiana (‘Tomyris), iii. 380. Oxybelis, iii. 184, 189. Oxycalamus, ii. 328. Oxycéphaliens, iii. 26. oxycephalum (Gonyo- soma), ii. 57. oxycephalum (Pseudo- rhabdium), ii. 329. oxycephalum (Rhabdo- sonia), ii. 329. oxycephalus (Coluber), ii. 56, 357 ; iii. 627. oxycephalus (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 57. xycephalus . mus), ii. 329 Oxyorrhos, i. 305. Oxyrhabdium, i. 302. Oxyrhina, ii. 255, © Oxyrhopus, iii. 56, 58, 99. oxyrhyncha (Ahezetulla), | ii. 117. sas He oa (Leptophis), ll oxyrhynchus (Ccelopel- tis), ili. 146. oxyrhynchus (Dryinus), iii. 183. oxyrhynchus (Psammo- phis), iii. 146. oxyrhynchus (Pseudo- Typhlops), i. 141. oxyrbynchus (Rhager- rhis), iii. 146. oxyrhynchus (Rhamphi- ophis), iii. 146. oxyrhynchus(Rhinophis), 1. 141; iii. 596. oxyrhynchus (Typhlops), i, 141. (Oxycala- ALPHABETICAL INDEX, oxyrhynchus (Uromacer), ii. 117 pachycercos (Hydrophis), iii. 297. pachycercus (Distira), iii. » 297 pachyura (Contia), ii. 267. pacifica (Leptodira), iii 91. pacificum (Sibon), iii. 91. pacificus (Hydrophis), ii. 278. pallasii (Halys), iii. 524. pallida (Dipsas), iii. 75. pallida (Letheobia), i. 54. pallida (Tantilla), iii. 217. pallidiceps iil. 344. pallidiceps (Hoplocepha- lus), il. 344, 349. pallidus (Crotalus), iii. 581 (Denisonia), pallidus (Diadophis), ii. 206. pallidus (Typhlops), i. 54. palmarum (Coluber), ii. 354. palmarum (Dasypeltis), ii, 355. palmeri (Crotalus), iii. 582. palpebrosa (Boa), _ iii. 355 palustris (Hydrus), i. 230. pammeces (‘Typhlops), i. 16. pannonicus (Coluber), ii. 2 pantherinus (Coluber), ii. 10, 40. pantherinus don), ii. 10. sited (Drymobius), i, 10. (Corypho- canskinriadl (Ptyas), ii. 10. Pantherophis, ii. 25. Pappophis, iii. 59. papuz (Dendrophis), ii. 86 papuanus (Liasis), i. 80; iii. 591. papuanus lii. papuensis(Dendrelaphis), lil. 630. papuensis (Diemenia), iii. 322. (Pseudechis), 699. Regen (Fordonia), iii. 23. par (Denisonia), iii. 345. a ® Se tata iii. oaedie (Ohrysopelea), iii. 196. paradoxa (Acontiophis), i. 415. paradoxus tetera chus), i. 145 Parageophis, ii. 314. parallelus (Ophibolus), ii. 200. payee (Periops), i. 411. parallelus _(Tropidono- é; tus), i. pardalinus (Elaphis), ii. 39. pardalis (Boa), i. 112, 113. pardalis (Ungalia), i. 112, 113. a (Uropeltis), i 139. Pareas, iii. 440. Paréasiens, i. 438. Parias, iii. 529. Pariaspis, iii, 262. parietalis. (Coluber), i. 206. 177; iii parietalis (Hutainia), i. 207. parietalis (‘Thamnophis), iii. parietalis (Tropidonotus), i. 207. navheyel (Elaphis), ii. 46. parviceps (Homolopsis), _ iii. 644. parvifrons (Dromicus), ii. 141 parvifrons (Liophis), ii. 141. parvus (Lycodon), i. 366. Passerita, iii. 177. patagonicus (Bothrops), iii. 543. patagoniensis (Calli- rhinus), iii. 131. patagoniensis (Dirrhox), iii. 131. patagoniensis _ (Pseud- ophis), iii. 131. paucicarinatus (Drymo- bius), iii. 626. sabi gee dryas), iil 700 ogi Tifa (Calamaria), i. 348. pavimentatus (Strepto- phorus), i. 293. pavo oem” a te me vonina (Di » ll. ar) ee pavonina (Leptognathus), iii. 450. pavoninus (Dryophis), iii. 183. pavoninus (Lepto- guathus), iii. 449, 459. gr (Tropidonotus), i. Irom (Fowlea), i. 228. Pelagophis, iii. 303. pelamniioides (Pelamis), iii. 301. Pelamis, iii. 266, 271, 285, 300 pelamis (Hydrophis), iii. 267. Pelias, iii. 471. lias (Vipera), iii. 477. Pelophilus, i. 116. Peltopelor, iii. 529. pentalineatus (Callo- phis), iii. 394. percarinatus (Drymo- bius), ii. 16, perditus (Typhlops), i. 28. perfuscus (Dromicus), ii. 133. ot (Liophis), ii. ee B peringueyi (Bitis), iii. 495. ringueyi (Vipera), iii, of 495. Periops, i. 379. periops (Ablabes), i. 296, 297. periops (Hydrablabes), i. 296. permixta (Alecto), iii. 344. pernambucense (Homalo- cranium), iti, 215, peronii (Acalyptophis), iii. 269. as (Acalyptus), iii. 269 ronii eh atid i. 82. eropoda, f.71. Peropodes, i. 71. Peropodum, i. 114. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, rroteti (Dryophis), iii. P78. Sey perroteti (Geophis), i. 304, perroteti (Platypteryx), i. 304. perrotti (Plectrurus), i. 161. perroteti (Psammophis), iii. 178. perroteti (Trager), ii perroteti (Xylophis), i. 304 ; iii, 612. persa (Coluber), i. 219. carers (Tropidonotus), i persica (Contia), ii. 263. persica Som a) iii. ae: — (Cerastes), iii sapicds (Oyclophis), ii 263. persicus (Pseudocerastes), iii. 501. m rsicus (Pseudocyclo- Penis) ii. 263. rire (Tropidonotus), 219. persicus (Typhlops), i. 21. persicus (Zamenis), i. 400. ee (Liophis), ii 173. personata (Leptodira), iii auncsieden (Sibon), iii. oieduuis (Coluber), i 395. % vag ge (Elaps), iii, peruana (Ophis), iii. 118. peruvianum —_ (Rhabdo- soma), i ii. a peruvianus (Atractus), ii. 305, peruvianus (Coluber), iii. 70. peruvianus (Tachymenis), iii. 118. peruvii (Coluber), iii. 380. petalarius (Coluber), i, 395, iii. 101. Petalognathus, i ii. 292. petersii (Hlapops), iii. 262, petersii (Geophis), ii. 321. rw (Helminthophis), i. 6. petersii (Liasis), i. 85, petersii (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. petersii (Silybura), i. 148.. oy (Tropidonotus), i- 10. — (Typhlope) i, 28, 46 ; iii. 588. pathoia (Coluber), iii. petiti (Rhoptrura), i. 92. pee (Coluber). iii. 101 i 7 (Lycodon), iii- 101. tolarius (Oxyrhopus), Pai 101, 103. : Petrodymon, i iii. 315, phenochalinus (Sino tatie ii. 224 ; iii. 640. Phalotris, i iii, 239, Phayrea, iii. 152. apr iy:* oo 210; iii. Ry ‘Pro idonotus), i- ¢ mor sit ¢ 601. sed (Stenostoma), i. hilippensis (Trimesu- rub) iii, 562. philippii (Leptognathus),. ii. 295. (Tropidodip- 295; ili. 644. (Callophis), philippii sas), ii. paiireine 404, hilippina(Dipeas), iii. 77. , aes (Dryophiops),. iii hilippinensis (Dendro-: + phis), ii. 90. philippinensis sore lemus), iii. aweiiel pip (Calamaria),. i. 338. philippinum (Hologer- rhum), i iii. philippinus (Adeniophis), iii. 10 philippinus (Dipsado- morphus), iii. 77. philippinus (Doliophis),. iii. 404. (Peoud hilippinus Pseudo-- . Typhlops), i. 139. phili er (Rhinonhis),. i. 14] ar» cw (Typhlops), i. 141, (Uropeltis) hilippinus ropeltis Po. 139. eis nie (Coluber), iii 161. phillipsii (Psammophis), 61. iii. Philodryadinz, iii. 26. Philodryas, iii. 34, 127, 137, 149. Philothamnus, i ii. 91, 98. Phimophis, iii. 99. Phimothyra, i. 379. phipsoni (Hydrophis), iii. 295. phipeonii (Silybura), i 155. phocarum (Coronella), i. 373. Phragmitophis, iii. 643. hrygia (Boa), i. 85. hrynonax, ii. 18. Phyllophilophis, ii. 255. Phyllophis, ii. 25. phyllophis (Coluber), ii. 55. Phyllorhynchus, i. 414. Phyllosira, ii. 4 1. Phytolopsis, iii. 2. piceivittis (Coniophanus), iii. 209. piceivittis (Erythrolam- prus), ili. 209. piceivittis (Tachymenis), iii. 209. piceum (Bascanium), 1 - 390 piceus (Spilotes), ii. 30. pickeringii (Coluber), ii. 75. pickeringii (Kutainia), i. 208. picta (Ahextulla), ii. 78. picta (Dendrophis), ii. 78, 0, 89, 90; iii. 630. picta (Silybura), i. 156. picteti (Klapotinus), iii. 245, pictiventris (Lepto- gnathus), iii. 459. pictiventris (Natrix), iii. 606. picturatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 215, 219; iii. 602. pictus (Bothrops), iii. 540. pictus (Coluber), ii. 46, 78 pictus (Dendrophis), ii. 78,88, 358 ; iii. 628,629. pictus (Glaphyrophis), iii. 208. pictus (Lachesis), iii. 540, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, pictus (Leptophis), ii. 78, 88. pictus (Psammodynastes), iii. 174. pictus (Psammophis), iii. 174. Piesigaster, i. 94. ire (Coluber), — iii. Pilidion, i. 7. piscator (Bothrodytes), iii. 604. iscator (Enhydris), i. P 230 y piscator (Hydrus), i. 230. piscator (‘Tropidonotus), i. 230, 232; iii. 604. ‘ene (Scytale), ili. 520. piscivorus (Agkistrodon), | 20. ili. 5 pisciyorus (Ancistrodon), iii. 520. piscivorus (Cenchris), iii. 520 piscivorus (Crotalus), iii. 520. piscivorus (‘Toxicophis), iii, 520. piscivorus (Trigono- cephalus), ili. 520. Pituophis, ii. 24. Plagiodon, ii. 25. Plagiodontiens, i. 177. Plagiopholis, i. 301. planiceps (Coluber), iii. 226. planiceps (Homalo- cranium), iii. 226. planiceps (Rhinophis), i. 141. laniceps (Simotes), ii. - 232. si planiceps (Tantilla), iii. 226. Plastoseryx, i. 78. platura (Anguis), iii. 267. platura (Hydrophis), iii. 267. platurinus (Lycodon), i 359. Platurus, iii. 306. platurus (Hydrus), iii. 267. platurus (Pelamis), iii. platycephalus(‘Typhlops), i. 30 i, 30. Platyceps, i. 379. platyceps (Amphiesma), i. 258. 701 platyceps (Tropidonotus), i. 248. Platycerques, iii. 264. Platycranion, iii. 210. - Platygaster, i. 121. Platyplectrurus, i. 165. Platypteryx, i. 303. Platyrhiniens, iii. 1. platyrhinus (Heterodon), ii. 154, 156. Plectrurus, i. 160. 5 5(Dromious), ii. 11, olelf Cosuoktiay ii. 12. pleuralis (Natrix), i. 243. pleurostictus (Elaphis), _ li. 66, Bar eenonas (Pituophis), i. 67. plicatile (Calopisma), ii. 186. —. . plicatilis (Cerastes), i 186 plicatilis (Coluber), ii. 186 = . plicatilis (Dimades), i 186 ; iii. 637. plicatilis (Elaps), ii. 186. plicatilis (Homalopsis), ee 186, 290. icatilis (Pseuderyx), iii. : 637. ~ Pliocercus, ii. 180. pliolepis (‘Trimetopon), iil. 636. plumbea (Charina), i. 130; iii. 595. plumbea (Duberria), iii. 109. es (Homalopsis), aes (Hydrophis), iii. 298. gray (Hypsirhina), plu (Katophis), i 215. plumbea (Wenona), i. 130 plumbeater iii. 262. plumbeatra (Pariaspis), iii. 262. plumbeum (Brachy- ruton), ili. 109, 111. pene (Coluber), iii. 0 (Elapops), ’ plumbeus (Eurostus), iii. 5 plumbeus (Gonionotus), i. 175. 702 —oe . 368. plumbeus (Oxyrhopus), iii. LO9. plumbeus (Stegonotus), i. 368. oF Rs (Coronella), 1 plumbicolor (Macropis- thodon), i.267 ; iii.609. plumbicolor (Tropidono- tus), i. 267; iii. 609. plutonia (Hutenia), i. 202 plutonius (Coluber), ii. cnet poops (Oatban oe inetie (Coluber), i. ptloggrus (Coluber), ii. prciogyra (Liophis), ii. ilolemus (Coronella), Pr. 168, tg os gern oot epee ii. 20; iii, 626, pacilonotus (Spilotes), ii. 20, 21. Pecilophis, i iii. 408. pecilopogon (Coronella), ii. 173. ee (Rhadinzea), 173. parcilostiotus (Liophis), iii. 131. Peecilostolus, iii. 508. agen (Coluber), ii. 1 0.7 a (Spilotes), ii. 19. peecilostomus (Lygophis), 138. iii. poensis (Boodon), i. 835. are (Simocephalus), i, peppigii (Geophis), ii, peppigit (Rhabdosoma), Bopanere’ iii, 212. ae to (Tropidonotus), . 243 poite (Herpetodryas), ii. 15. Polemon, iii. 253, polychroa (Dendrophis), ii. 78. polygrammicus (Argyro- phis), i. 34, ' ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Ot Typh- lops), , i. 34; iii. Cr aan emizona (Ablabes), poplpi (Abeetulla), ii. polylepis (Atheris), iii. 508 (Calamelaps), (Dendraspis), polylepis iii. 246, polylepis ili. 437. ae (Helicops), i. tay (Hypsirhina), iii Polyodontophis, i i. 181. Polyodontus, iii. 302. polyodonte aan) li. 274, polyetiota (Caudisona), 82. iii. 58) polysticta (Leptodira), a OF iti. 95. polystictus (Crotalus), iii. 582. : polyzona (Coronella), ii ce L ltis) ee yzona (Lampropeltis), I en Ophibolus), ii. polyzonus (Ophibolus), 203. ponies (Coluber),i. 233 ; i. 192. porsasidd (Coluber), i 242. ae 2 (Tropidonotus), porphigraces (Ablabes), i. 34, porphyaceu (Coluber), i. 34. porphyraceus (Trimere- surus), iii, 553. porphyrea (Naja), iii.329, porphyreus (Coluber), iii. 328. porphyreus (Hurria), iii. ad (Tri reus mere- wap Ley iii. 829. porphyriaca peace ili. 328, = riaca (Naja), porpey (Naja), iti ar 9g ps (Coluber), a a (Pseud rphyriacus seud- apes iii. 328, 330. porphyricus (Trimere- surus), iii, 328, porrectus (Oclopeltis ili. 146, ( se Ye as ase (Typhlops), ie Porthidium, iii. 530. portoricensis (Alsophis), ii, 122. Potamophilidw, i. 177; iii, 26. Potamophis, i. 173, 290. aig (Ablables), i. Bim (Hydra- bes), i. 297 ; iii. 612. prelonge (Acanthophis), eee (Typhlops), i. preocularis (Bytenia), i. 18; iii. preocularis (Tropidono- tus), i. 418; iii. 602, preocularis (Typhlops), iii. 590. preoculum (Homalo- cranium), ili. 226. preornata (Chrysopelea), iii. 150, preornata (Dendrophis), iii. 150, preornatus (Dromophis), iii. 150. eee (Oxyrhopus), ii. 150. eniabek (Disteira), iii. 298. preestans ype 111. prestans (Thrasops), ii, 111. prakkii (Calamaria), ii : 337. (Liophis) prasina (Liopbis), ii. 135. prasinus (Coluber), ii. 59. prasinus (Dryinus), iii. prasinus (Dryophis), iii. 180, — (Tragops), iii. i: (Typhlops), i. 35. ay (Coluber), iii. Piney (Pelias), iii. 477. prester (Vipera), iii. 476, 482. prevostiana (Gerardia), iii, 20. prevostianum (Campy- lodon), iii. 21. e prevostianus iii, 20. prevostianus (Homalop- sis), ili. pr ionotus(Herpetod ryas), . 185 (Hydro- (Coluber), problematious phis), iii. 301. Probletorhinide, i. 177; iii. 26. proboscideus (Bothriop- sis), lii, 547. at er 2 (Bhinaspis), i, 253. Prosi iii. 210. prose (Coelopeltis), iii. 143. producta (Rhagerhis), iii. 143. propinquus (Hydrophis), iii. 300. ill. propinquus (Oligodon), ii. 240, ‘ prosopeion (Coronella), i. 371. prosopis iii. 232. Prosymna, ii. 246. protenus (Dromicus), ii. 141. (Gerrhosteus), Proterodon, i. 360. Proteroglypha, i.169 ; iii. 264. Protéroglyphes, i. 169. proterops (Coniophanes), iii. 206. proterops (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 206. Eeeesi (Rhadinzea), iii. 206. protervus (Hydrophis), iii, 289 proxima (Eutainia), i. 213. proxima (Thamnophis), i. 213. proximus (Atheris), iii. 509. proximus (Coluber), i. 212. proximus(Tropidonotus), i. 213. proximus (Typhlops), iii. 588. pryeri (Tropidonotus), i. 250. Prymnomiodon, i. 192, Psammodynastes, iii. 172. -Psammophide, iii, 26. psammophideus (Philo- baie ill, 182, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Psammophiding, iii. 26. psammophidius (Pseud- elaps), iii, $22. Psammophis, i. 189, 317, 379; ii. 188; iii. 122, 141, 149, 151, 152, 172, 177. peammiophis (Demansia), iii. 322. psammnophis (Diemenia), iii. ciscenait (Elaps), iii. 322. psammophis Fiametg dryas), i. 390 psammopbis (Pseud- elaps), ili. 322. Psammophylax, iii, 117, 124, 188, 178. psephota (Geophis), ii. 299. psephotum (Catostoma), ii. 299. psephotum (Dirosema), ii. 299; iii. 6465. psephotus (Elapoidis), ii. 299. Pseudablabes, iii. 126. Pseudaspidine, i iii, 597. Pseudaspis, i. 373; iii.620. Pseudechis, iii. 327. Pseudelaps, iii. 315, 320, 361, 405. -Pseudoboa, iii. 99, 365, 504. pseudoboiga (Hurria), iii. 75. Pseudocerastes, iii. 501. Pseudocyclophis, i. 300; ii. 255. Pseudodipsas, ii. 208. pseudodipsas (Dendro- phis), iii. 187. Pseudoeryx, i. 150, 272; ii. 185, 289. _ pseudo-eryx (Bolyeria), i. 122 pseudo-eryx (Tortrix), i 122. Pseudoferania, iii. 2. Pseudoficimia, ii. 255. pseudogetulus (Coro- nella), ii. 197. Pseudohaje, iii. 373. Pseudolycodon, i. 364. Pseudonaja, iii. 320. Pseudopareas, iii. 462. Pseudoplectrurus, i. 160. Pseudorhabdium, ii. 328. Pseudo-Typhlops, i. 189, ’ 703 Pseudoxenodon, i. 270. Pseudoxyrhopus, i. 314. Psilosoma, ii. 255. psyches (Elaps), iii. 426. syches (Vipera), iii. 426. Ptyas, i. 379. pubescens (Bothrops), iii. 542 ubescens (Trigonocepha- : lus), jii. B42. J publia (Ficimia), ii. 271. pugnax (Ancistrodon), iii. 521. pugnax (Toxicophis), iii. pulohella (Coronella), ii. 165. pulchella (Daboia), iii. 490. pulchellus (Diadophis), ii. 207. pulcher (Alsophis), ii. 11. pulcher (Chondro- python), i. 90. pulcher (Conophis), iii. 123. pulcher (Heterodon), ii. 153. pulcher (Lachesis), iii. 539. pulcher (Liophis), i 165. pulcher iii. 169. pulcher (Tomodon), iii 128. (Psammophis), pulcher (Trigonocepha- lus), iii, 539. pulcherrimus (Drymo- bius), i. 392. pulcherrimus phis), i. 392. pulcherrimus (Zamenis), i. 392; iii. 622. pulchra (Pseudoficimia), ii, 270. ulchriceps : phis), 11. 11. pulchrilatus (Huteenia), i. 209 ; 11. 601. pullata (Tyria), ii. 28. pullatus (Coluber), ii. 23, 33. (Mastico- (Mastico- pullatus (Spilotes), ii. 23. pulneyensis (Plectrurus), i. 147. pulneyensis (Rhinophis), i, 147. sips pulneyensis (Silybura), i. 147. ; 704 pulveriventris (Rhadi- nia), iii. 635. pulverulenta (Dipsas), iii. 68. pulverulenta (Psammo- ae iii. 172. puly a ga (Crotalus), iii. ec bela (Dipsado- mofphus), iii. 68 649. pulverulentus (Dryinus), iii. 184. pulverulentus(Dryophis), iii, 184. pulverulentus | (Psammo- dynastes), iii. 172, 174. ay (Calamaria), ii. punctata (Coronella), ii 206 ; iii. 638. punctata — (Crotapho- peltis), iii. 91. beri (Denisonia), iii. eT (Hypsirhina), . 12, punetata (Leptodira), iii. 1 punctata (Morelia), i. 82. punctata (Onychophis), i, 42. puuctats (Phytolopsis), 12. iii. punctata (Psammophis), iii. 157. punctata (Pythonopsis), iii. 12. punctata (Silybura), i 154. punctatissima (Dipsas), iii. 117. punctatissima (Natrix), iii. 117. punctatissimus (Sibon), iii. 117. punctatissimus (Thamno- dynastes), iii. 116, 117. en a (Cyclo- phis), ii. piestalctionebes (Apa- rallactus), iii. 261. punctatostriatus (Enico- gnathus), i. 227. punctatovittatum (Rhab- dosoma), ii, 312. punctatum (Melanophi- dium), i. 164, punctatus (Ablabes), ii, 206 punctatus (Acontias), i 42, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. punctatus (Coluber), 1i 206 punctatus (Diadophis), ii. , 207, 208 ; iii. 638. punctatus (Elaps), iii. 409, a fe (Leptophis), punctatus (Philotham- nus), ii. 99. punctatus (Psammophis), iii. 157, punctatus (Pseudoxy- rhopus), i. 317. punctatus (Python), i. 82, seep (Rhinophis), i 141. ~. . “e . punctatus (Typhlops), ; tii. 587. punctatus (Xenodon), 317. = . punctigularis (Conio- phanes), iii. 207. punctiventris (Tropido- notus), iii. 602. ag (Dendrophis), i, 82. punctulatus (Coronella), ii. 2 punctulatus (Dendro- phis), ii. 80, 82, 85; lii. 628, 629. punctulatus (Leptophis), ii. 82. punctulatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. BP yes aes (Simotes), ii 220. punctulatus an. notus), nee punicea (Cophias), 560. puniceus (Atropophis), iii. 560. of puniceus (Atropos), iii. 560, puniceus (Lachesis), iii 560. puniceus (‘Trigonoce- phalus), ili, 553, 560. puniceus (Crimeresurus), iii. pur urans (Ablabes), ii. 167. purpurans (Diadophis), ii. 167. purpurans (Liophis), ii. 168. purpurans (Rhadinea), ii. 167, purpurascens (Dicraulax), iil, 640. ae (Passerita), iil. junpeveliled (Simotes), ii. 218, 220, 225, 226; iii. 640. urpurascens (Xenodon), ii. 218, 220. purpureocauda (Ablabes), ii, 267 purpureomaculatus (La- chesis), iii. 553. purpureomaculatus (Tri- gonocephalus), iii. ty purpureomaculatus (Tri meresurus), iii. 553. Bh go g (Trimesurus), pustlat (Thrasops), ii. eee (Dromicus), iii. at V5 (Manolepis), iii. 120. putnami (Ocyophis), iii. ° 120. (Philodryas), . putnami ° iii. 1 putnamii (Liophis).i ii. aa pygea (Contia), 1. 228; ili. » (Be ' ygeus (Seminatrix), iii, 3 604. Pypeue 298 ; Git 004. 228 ; iii prem (Liophis), ii pega (Scythale), ii. 505. prroelnanOphiols) rha (Caudisona), iii. PY=80 pyrrhoeryptus (Elaps), rrh omelas (Ophibolus), af i. 202. pyrthopogon (Coluber), i (Crotalus), iii. 580. Python, i. 80. Pythones, i. 74. Pythonia, iii, 13. Pythonide, i. 71. Pythonides, i. 74. Pythoniens, i. 71. Pythonina, i. 74. Pythoning, i. 74. pythonissa (Coluber), iii. 6 Pythonodipsas, iii. 45. Pythonoidea, i. 71. Pythonopsis, iii. 2, quadrangularis (Ficimia), li. 272. quadrangularis(Geophis), ii. 320. quadricarinatus (Erpeto- dryas), ii. 72. weeranive (Coluber), aie oon (Coronella), i. 41. quadrilinesta (Hirenis), ii. 260. “a, (Liophis), quadrilineata (Psammo- _ phis), iii. 165. quadrilineatum (Bovdon), i, 332. qnadrilineatns (Ablabes), ii. 41. quadrilineatus (Callo- peltis), ii. 41. quadrilineatus (Coluber), ii. 41, 45. quadrilineatus (Dromico- dryas), i. 190. ee aed (Elaphis), i. 46. quadrilinestus (Herpeto- dryas), i. 190. quadrilineatus (Bienoter), ii. -quadrimaculata “(Cala- maria), ii. 348, 349. quadriscutatus (Bothri- opsis), iii. 544. quadriscutatus (Both- rops), iii. 543. quadriserialis (Regina), i. 37. quadriserialis (Tropido- notus), i. 237 ; iil. 605. ip Gana! (Coluber), i. 45. quadrivirgatum (Adel- phicos), ii. 312. quadrivirgatum (Bow- don), i. 331. quadrivirgatum (Compso- soma), ii. 59. parse Hg onion ii. 312 quadrivirgatus (Coluber), ii. 59; iii. 628. piles (Elaphis), ii quadrivirgatus (Elaps), iii. 400. VOL, III. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. quadrivittatum(Bozdon), i, 352. anaseanatiatys (Coluber), i. 50. guadivitatu (Elaphis), i. 50. quaterradiatus (Coluber), ii. 45. qenteespiatus (Elaphis), i. 46. quatuorlineatus (Colu- ber), ii. 45, 53. quincunciatus(Comastes), ii. 210. quincunciatus (Tropido- notus), i. 230, 231, 282, 257. quinque (Tropidonotus), ii, 61. quinquelineata (Aposto- lepis), iii. 235. quinquelineata (Coro- nella), ii. 178. quinquelineata (Rhadi- nea), ii. 178 quinquelineata (Steno- rhina), iii. 229. quinquelineatus (Herpe- todryas), ii. 11 quinquelineatus(Liophis), i. 315 quinquelineatus (Mier- ophis), iii. 229. quinquelineatus (Peud- oxyrhopus), i. 315; iii. 613 quinquestriatus(Ablabes), ii. 284. quinquevittatum (Calo- pisma), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Homa- lopsis), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Hydro- calamus), iii. 210. quinquevittatus (Hy- drops), iii. 210. Rabdion, ii. 328. rabdocephalus (Coluber), ii. 146, 150. Rabdosoma, ii. 8300, 314. Rachiodon, ii. 353. Rachiodontida, ii. 353. Raclitia, iii. 2. raddii (Vipera), iii. 487. radiatum (Compsosoma), ii. 61. radiatus (Coluber), ii. 61. radiatus (Elaphis), ii. 62. radiatus (Spilotes), ii. 62. 705 radix (Kutainia), i. 211; iii. : radix (Tropidonotus), 4. 211; iii. 602. raffrayi(Atractocephalus), i. 306. raffreyi (Scaphiophis), ii, 254. rakosiensis (Vipera), iii. 473. ramsayi(Aspidiotes),i.92. ramsayi (Aspidites), i. 92; iii. 592. ramsayi (Denisonia), iii. 338. ramsayi (Furina), iii. 324. ramengi i Haplocepbnina), iii. ae * (Coluber). ii. oy rappi (Hydrophis), i 292. rappii (Ablabes), ii. 282. rappii (Drymobius), ii. 11. rappii (Herpetodryas), ii. 11. rava (Caudisona), iii. 571. ravergieri (Coluber), i 405 ravergieri (Zamenis), i. 405, 407 ; iii. 625. ravus (Crotalophorus), iii. 571. ravus (Crotalus), iii. 571. ravus (Sistrurus), iii. 571. rebentischii (Calamaria), ii. 343. rectangulus (Coluber), i. 230. redi (Coluber), iii. 481. redi (Vipera), iii. 482. redimita (Colorhogia), ii. 252. redimita (Geophis),ii.326. redimitum (Arrhyton), ii. 252. redimitus (Cryptodacus), ii. 252. redimitus (Geagras), ii. 326, Fe regalis (Coronella), ii. 208 ; iii. 639. regalis (Diadophis), ii. 208. regalis (Dipsas), iii. 78. regalis (Liophis), ii. 208. regia (Boa), i. 88. regia (Cenchris), i. 88. regia (Hortulia), i, 89. Regina, i. 193; iii. 599. reginse (Coluber), ii. 137. 22 706 —— (Coronella), ii. ae iophis), ii. 130, 182, 137, 1 142, 175. regins (Ty hlops), i. 35. regis ( on), i. 88 ; iii. rgulvi, (Con reer ii. ; iii. regularis Diy phus), iii. 71. regularis (Meizodon), ii, 196. -reinbardti (Calabaria), i. 92; iii. 592. reinhardti (Philodryas), iii. 129. a (Rhoptrura), i. omor- reinhardtii (Eryx), i. 92. reinwardti (Calopisma), ll, adl. reinwardtii (Homalo- psis), ii. 291. ek 8g (Hydrops), i. 291. reissii (Drymobius), i ii. 11. _ (Herpetodryas), ii. 1 Rena, i. 59. renardi (Pelias), iii. 475. renardi (Vipera), iii. 475. resimus (Causus), iii. 468. cer Bi (Heterophis), iii. resplendens Ceca ophis), i. -reticulare EGcurpscseken, ii. 35, reticularis (Coluber), ii, reticularis (Spilotes); ii. 35 reticulata (Anguis), i, 27. 67 ae (Blythia), i 314. reticulata (Boa), i. 85. reticulata (Calamaria), i. 314; ii. 345, reticulata (Demansia), iii. reticulata (Dendroechis), iii. 435 ret iculata (Diemenia), iii. reticulata(Herpetodryas), ii. ratidebe (Tantilla), iii. 224 reticulatum (Homalocra- nium), iii, 224, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, es (Argyrophis), pean (Atractus), ii. 1 reticulatus (Ooluber), i. i reticulatus (Elaphis), ii. 67. reticulatus (Elapomor- phus), iii. 241. ai eae (Geophis), ii. 1] reticulatus (Lycodon), iii. 322. reticulatus (Phalotris), iii. 242. sire (Pituophis), reticulatus itm 85 ; iii. 592. reticulatus (Stegonotus), iii. 619. reticulatus Typhlops), i , > iii. reuteri ityphlope), i. 16. gh (Brechyophis, iii. icuipenin (Constric- tor), i. 117. rhabdocephalus (Xeno- don), ii. 146, 148, 150, Rhabdodon, iii. 141. Rhabdophidium, ii, 328. Rhakdops, i. 300. Rhabdosoma, i. 302, 503, Rhachiodonting, ii. 8538. Rhadinea,ii.160 ; iii. 635. Rhagerbis, iii. 141. Rhamnophis, iii. 632. Rhamphiopbis, iii. 144. Rhamphostoma, i. 59, Rhegnops, ii. 300. Rhinaspis, ii. 253; iii. 471. Rhinechis, ii. 24. . Rhinelaps, iii. 361. Rhbinhoplocephalus, iii. 352. Rhinobothryum, iii. 82. Rhinocalamus, iii. 247. Rbinocerophis, iii. 530, Rhinochilus, ii. 212. rhinoceros (Olotho), iii. 499. rhinoceros (Echidna), iii. 499. rhinoceros (Vipera), iii. 499. rhinomegas (Coluber), ii. 40. Rhinophide, i, 187, Rhinophis, i. 140. Rhinopirus, iii. 25. ee (Dipess), iii. Pinca (Tarbophis), iii. 50. Rhinosimus, iii. 99. Rhinostoma, ii. 246, 253 ; iii, 114. rhinostoma (Furina), iii, rhinostoma (Heterodon), ii, 253. rhinostoma (Simophis), ii, 253. rhinostomus _(Pseudo- elaps), iii. 368. Rhinotyphlops, i. 4. ag" capi (Ablabes), i, rhodogaster (Alecto), iii. rhodogaster (Colophrys), rhodogaster (Eni thus), i. 182, 183, Ser ceyel (Geophis), ii. rhodogaster (Herpeto- dryas), i. 182. rhodogaster (Polyodont- ophis), i. thodomelas(Amphiesma), rhodomelas (Macropis- thodon), i. 266 ; iii. rhodomelas (Tropidono- — i. 266. 7 rhodomelas (Xenodon odomelas (Xenodon), i rhodopleuron _(Chryso- pelea), iii. 195. rhodopleuron (Dendro- phis), iii. 195. rhodorhachis © Sansa i. 398 ; iii. 6 rhodostoma (Ancistro- don), iii. 527... rhodostoma (Calloselas- ma), iii. 527. Ronee (Leiolepis), rhodostoma (Tisiphone), iii. 527. rhodostoma (‘Trigonoce- phalus), iii. 527. rhombeata (Boa), i, 85. rhombeata (Ccelopeltis), iii, 138, rhombeata (Coronella), iii, 138, a (Dipsas), iii. rhombeata (Lachesis), iii. 534. Be ap (Naja), iii. rhombeatus (Aspidelaps), iii, 467. rhombeatus (Causus), iii. 467. rhombeatus (Coluber), iii. 138 rhombeatus (Lycogna- thus), iii. 58. rhombeatus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 58. rhombeatus (Psammo- phylax), iii. 125, 138. rhombeatus (Sepedon), iii. 467. rhombeatus (Trimerorhi- nus), iii. 138. rhombifer (Coryphodon), ii. 14. rhombifer (Crotalus), iii. 574, 578. rhombifer (Drymobius), ii. 14, 357; iii. 626. rhombifer (Nerodia), i. 3 rhombifer (Oxyrhopus), iii. 103. os daeen (Spilotes), ii se biter (Tropidono- tus), i. 242 ; iii. 606. rhombifer (Zamenis), ii. 14 rhombifera (Leptodira), iii. 93. rhombifera (Natrix), i. 243. rhombiferum (Sibon), iii. 93 , rhombomaculata (Coro- nella), ii. 198. rhombomaculata (Lam- propeltis), ii. 199. rhombomaculatus (Ophi- bolus), ii. 198. Rhoptrura, i. 92. Rhynchelaps, iii. 361. Rhynchocalamus, ii. 233. Rhynchoelaps, iii. 361. Rhynchonysx, iii. 232. rhynchops (Cerberus), i iii, 16. rhynchops (Homalopsis), iii, 16. rhynchops (Hydrus), iii. 16. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, or (Python), iii. 16. riccioli (Coluber), ii. 194. riccioli (Coronella), ii. 194 riceioli (Zamenis), ii. 194. richardi (Ahetula), ii. 113 richardii (Coluber), ii. 1 richardii (Typhlops), i. 31. richardsonii (Myron), iii. ridgewayi A Au ie chus), i. rigida tibia) i. 240. rigida (Regina), i. 240 ; iii. 606. rigidus (Coluber), i. 24 rigidus Feouienotesh i. 240 ; iii. 606. riisii (Elaps), iii. 420. rijersmai (Alsophis), ii. 124. riparius (Onychocepha- lus), i. 46. riparius (Typhlops), i. 46. ritchiei (Cerastes), iii. 503. riukianus (Trimeresurus), iii. 550. robusta (Aepidea), iii. 627. robusta (Distira), iii. 292. robusta (Hydrophis), iii. 292. robusts (Mainophis), i. 305. rodriguezii (Elaphis), ii. 39 roelandti (Calamaria), ii. 344, rogersi (Zamenis), iii. rohdii (Rhinaspis), ii. 254 rohdii (Simophis), ii. 254. romanus (Coluber), ii. 52. . rosaceus (Coluber), ii. 49. rosenbergii (Coronella), i. 366. roseofusca (Lichanura), i. 29 rostrale (Rhabdosoma), ii. 323. rostralis (Anguis), i. 27. rostralis (Elapoides), ii. 323. 707 rostralis (Geophis), ii, 323. rostrata (Atractaspis), iii. 514, rostrata (Glauconia), i, 62; iii. 590. .rostratum (Stenostoma), i. 62; iii. 590. rostratus (Anguis), i. 27. rostratus (Causus), iii. 469 rostratus (Heterophis), iii. 469. rostratus (Rhamphio- phis), iii. 146. rothi (Ablabes), ii. 262, rothi (Contia), ii. 262. rothi (Hirenis), ii. 262. ruatanus (Elaps), iii. 423. pera (Stenostuma), i, 5 rubens (Coluber), ii. 194. ruber (Crotalus), iii. 576, rubescens (Chrysopelea), iii. 194, 195, 196. rubescens (Diadophis), ii. 120. rubescens (Dipsas), ili. 194. rubescens (Dryophiops), iii. 194, rubescens (Dryophis), iii. 194, (Leptophis), rubinianum (Rabdoso- ma), ii. 308. rubra (Tantilla), iii. 219. rubricatum (Sibon), iii. 94 rubescens ill, rubriceps (Elaphis), ii. 40. rubriventer (Cyclophis), i. 300. rubriventer (Trachi- schium), i. y rubriventris (Coluber), ii. 42 rubrolineata (Silybura), i, 155 rubromaculata (Silybura), i. 157. rubropunctata (Dipsina), iii. 146. rubropunctatus (Rha- gerrhis), iii. 146. rubropunctatus (Rham- phiophis), iii. 146. rubrum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 219. rufa (Anguis), i. 135. 222 708 rufa (Cylindrophis), i. “ys y P rufa (Ilysia), i. 135. rufa (Tortrix), i. 135. rufescens (Achalinus), i. 308, 309 ; iii. 612. rufescens (Coluber), iii. 89 rufescens (Coronella), iii. rafescens (Crotaphopel- tis), iii. 90. rufescens (Heterurus), iii. 90. ruficauda (Anilios), i. 29. ruficauda (Typhlops), i 29 ruficeps _(Homalocra- “a iii. 223, ruficeps (Pogonaspis), iii. 223. he ge 4 (Tropidonotus), 3. wolbvinicls (Alsophis), ii 124. rufiventris (Dromicus), ii. 124, rufodorsatus (Ablabes), ii. 43. rufodorsatus (Ooluber), ii. 43. rufodorsatus (Dromicus), iii. Le rufodorsatus (Tropido- notus), ii. 43. rufopunctata (Hutenia), i. 214. rafopunctatum (Chilo- een i. 214. rufopunctatus (Tropido- notus), i. 214, rafotorquatum (Amphi- esma), i. 266. rufozonatus (Dinodon), i. 361. rufozonatus (Lycodon), i. 361. rufula (Coronella), i. 318, rufulus (Ablabes), i. 318. rufulus (Ablabophis), i. 318. rufulus (Lamprophia), i. 318. rufulus (Tragops), iii. 185, rufus (Coluber), iii. 380. ser (Oylindrophis), i. 135. rufus pila Be 135. rufus (Liophis), ii. 129. . ALPHABETICAL INDEX. “— (Opisthotropis), i. rogotin (Trachischium), rogosus ‘(Lepidognathus), saan (Nothopsis), i. 176. ruhstrati (Ophites), i. 363. rupestris (Coluber), iii. 141. riippelli (i yphlops), i. 3 iii. roiokuobaantl (Xiphoso- ma), i. 99; iii. 593. russelii (Coronella), ii. 229. russelius (Coluber), 229. russellianus (Dryinus), (Coluber), iii. (Daboia), iii. iii. russellii 490. russellii 90. russellii (Disteira), iii. 302. russellii (Hchidna), iii. 490. (Simotes), ii. russellii 229, russellii (Tortrix), i. 16. — (Typhlops), i. 16, russellii (Vipera), iii. rusticus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 111. rutiloris (Hutenia), i. 213. rutilus (Lygophis), ii. 165. sabinii (Bothrops), iii. 535. Sabrina, i. 59. sackenii (Hutainia), i. 213. saffragamus (Uropeltis), i. 139. sagittaria (Oalamaria), i. 186, 187. blabes) ittarius (A » i ast Polyod sagittarius (Po onto- phis), i. 187 ; Ti. 598. sagittatus (Coluber), iii. 63. ittifer (Ohlorosoma), "t 165. aneitileg (Liopeltis), ii. sagittifera (Rhadinzea), ii. 165. sallsei (Geophis), ii. 318, ane (Dendrophis), Salvadora, i. 379. salyini (Crotalus), iii. ae: salvinii (Spilotes), ii. 33 samarensis (Naia), iii, samarensis (Spilotes), i 367. sancte-crucis (Dromicus), ii. 122; iii. 634. pry owaax (Alsophis), ii. 122. sancti-johannis dryas), iii, sancti-johannis (Tropido- notus), i. 230; iii. 604. nade iii sanguineus (Platyplee- trurus), i, 166, vel sanguineus (Plectrurus), i. 166. (Lyco- mnenioo (Rhinophis), sanguineus (Teretrurus), ote Hurriah sanguiventer (Hurriah), i. i Ome sanniola ALeptopaninen, iii. 459 ‘sanniolus (Meso tis), iii. 459. . sansibaricus (Philotham- nus), ii. 99 Sanzinia, i i. 99. sarasinorum (Agrophis), ii. 360. saravacensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 260, 261 ; iii.609. sardus (Coluber), i i 395. sargii (Adelphicus), ii 318. sargii (Aheetulla), ii. 111. engi (Henney ii. 111. ons (Pliocereus), ii, (Rhegnops), ii. Th ii, 111, sartort (Leptognas), sargii 313. icc (Tro idodipsas), ii. 296 ; iii 645, saturatus(Hapsidophrys), ii, 110, saturatus (Leptophis), ii. 110 saturninus (Coluber), ii. saurita (Coluber), i. 212. saurita (HKutainia), i. 213. saurita (‘Thamnophis), iii. 602. saurita (‘Tropidonotus), i. 212; iii. 602. sauritus (Leptophis), i. 213 saurocephalus (Coluber), ii, 149. sauromates (Coluber), ii. sauromates (Elaphis), ii. 46, 55. sauromates (Tropidono- tus), li. 46. savignyi (Tarbophis), iii. 48. savorgnani (Simocepha- lus), i. 845. sayi (Coluber), ii. 68, sayi (Coronella), ii. 197. eat * i ii.’ siyl "(Ophibolus), ii. 197. sayi (Pituophis), ii. 69. seaber (Dasypeltis), ii 354. scaber (Deirodon), ii.354. scaber (Coluber), ii. 354. scaber (Rachiodon), ii. 354 scaber (Tropidonotus), ii. 3 scabra (Dasypeltis), ii. 354; ili. 6ae, scabricauda (Plectrurus), - i, 166. scalaris (Coluber), ii. 65. scalaris (Elapomorphus), - NL 202 sealaris (Hutainia), i. 203, 204 ; iii, 601. scalaris (Helicops), i. 279. parip ee Leek * (Bhineobis, ii. 65. scalaris (Thamnophis), i. 204. scalaris aan i. 204; iii. 601. scalaris ixenophclis), iii. 932. scaliger (Tropidonotus), i. 08; iii. 601, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Scaphiophis, ii. 254. sohadenbergi (Geophis), i, 302. schadenbergi (Trimere- surus), ili, 556. schadenbergii Se por iii. 640. scheuchzeri (Scytale), 135. schinzi Sw sparta us), Br eke. 47. (Typhlops), i. schirazana (Periops), i 411 schistaceum ma), i. 191. schistorhynchus (Platu- rus), iii. 309. schistosa (Enhydrina), iii. 302 (Amphies- schistosa (Hydrophis), iii. 302. schistosa (Tantilla), iii. 221. schistosum (Atretium), i. 274. schistosum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 221. schistosus (Coluber), 274. schistosus (Helicops), i. 274. | schistosus (Hydrophis), iii. 274. schistosus (Hydrus), iii. 02. schistosus (Pelamis), iii. 274. schistosus (Pseudoeryx), i, 274. schistosus (Tropidono- tus), i. 275. schistosus (Tropidophis), i, 274. schizopholis iii. 288. schizopholis(Hydrophis), iii. 288. = (Leionotus), ii. 2 (Astrotia), schlegelii (Ablabes), ii. 282. schlegelii (Bothriechis), iii. 567. schlegelii (Bothrops), iii. 567. schlegelii (Calamaria), i ii. 333, 345. schlegelii (Diemenia), iii, 316. 709 schlegelii (Hydrophis), iii. 290. schlegelii (Lachesis), iii. 567. schlegelii (Nardoa), i. 76. schlegeli (Onychocepha- lus), i. 44, 45. schlegelii (Rhinostoma) ii, 253. schlegelii iii, 567. schlegelii (Thalassophis), iii, 290. schlegelii (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 567. schlegelii (Tropidole- mus), iii. 563. schlegelii (Typhlops), i 44, iii. 588. schmackeri (Galeber) iii. 627. Baran (Streptophorus), 293. (Teleuraspis), sctiin iti (Alecto), iii... 335. schneideri (Homalopsis), iii, 16. schneideri (Python), i. 85. schneideri (Typhlops), i. 27. schneideri (Vipera), iii 498. schneideriana (Hurria), iii. 16. schokari 157. schokari (Dipsas), ii. 78, 88 (Coluber), iii. schokari (Psammophis), iii. 157. schotti (Masticophis), i, 391. schotti (Philodryas), iii. 130. schottii (Bascanium), i ool. - schottii (Dryophylax), iii. 130. schottii (Pseudophis), iii. 131. schottii (Xenodon), iii. schranckii (Elaps), ii. schrenckii (Coluber), iis 48. schrenckii (Hlaphis), ii 48. schyta (Vipera), iii. 476, 710 sclateri tocalamus), ii. Sole i 641. Scolécophides, i i. 3, 57. Scolecophidia, i i. 3. Scolecophis, iii. 210. scolopax (Lycognathus), iii. 57. scolopax (Oxyrhopus), iii. 57. scolopax (Siphlophis), iii, 57. scopinucha (Naja), iii. 380. eae (Coluber), i. 219. seopolii (Coluber), ii. 52. Scotophis, ii. 25. scriptus (Ablabes), ii. 284. scurrula (Herpetodryas), ii. 75. scurrula (Natrix), ii. 75. scutata (Eryx), i. 125, seutata (Hamadryas), iii. 351 seutata (Laticauda), iii. 307, 308. scutata (Naja), iii. 351. scutatus (Aspidelaps), iii. 391. scutatus (Coluber), i. 219. scutatus (Oyrtophis), iii. 390, 391. seutatus (Notechis), iii seutatus (Platurus), iii 308. seutatus (Tropidonotus), i. 234. scutellatus (Pseudechis), iii. 331. seutifrons (Glauconia), i. 68 ; iii. 591 scutifrons _(Stenostoma), i. 68; iii, 591. scutigera (Bothriechis), iii. scutigera Bothrio s), iii i _ scutiventris (Elaps), iii. 433. ot (Caudisona), iii. seutulatus (Orotalus), iii. 575. —— iii. 99, 504, 519, cya (Anguis), i. 133, sya (Aspidura), i. 311, scytale (Boa), i. 115, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. sy (Calamaria), i. an (Tlysia), i. 133; iii. 595. scytale (Torquatrix), i. 133. scytale (Tortrix), i, 133. Scytalide, iii, 26. iens, iii. 26. Scytalinm, i iii. 26. mer (Seolecophis), _ iii seytha (Coluber), iii. 476. sebse (Coluber), i. 86. sebee (Hortulia), i. 86. sebse (Ninia), i, 293. ae (Oxyrhopus), | iii. 1 “ (Python), j i. 86; iii. se ‘(Strepiophoras, i. sins (Herpetodryas), sechellensis (Lycognatho- Be se i. 317 ; iti. 614. atus (Coluber), ii. 40. seas (Coluber), ii. semiannulata (Contia), ii. 268. semiannulata (Elapsoi- dea), iii. 359. “ae 5 semiannulata (Sonora), ii. 268. semiannulatus (Crotapho- peltis), iii. 51. semiannulatus (Tarbo- phis), iii. 51. semiannulatus (Telesco- pus), iii, 51. semiannulus (Lycophi- dium), i i, 339. semiaureus (Ophiomor- phus), ii. 169. semmicarinatus (Ablabes), ii, 278. semicarinatus (Dinodon), i. 362. semicarinatus (Humeso- don), i. 362. semicarinatus (Hurypho- lis), ii, 278. semicincta (Tantilla), iii. 219 semicincta (Ungalia), i 113. ts semicinctaum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 219, semicinctum (Lycophi- dium), i. 341; iii. 617. semicinctus (Heterodon), ii, 153. semicinetus (Leptogna- thus), iii. semicinctus (Lystrophis), ii. 153. semicinctus (Tropidono- tus), i. 215. semidoliatum ( stoma), ii. 316. semidoliatum (Rabdo- soma), ii. 316. — an (Elapoides), i. 316 ectisidoliabias (Geophis), ii. 316; iii. 645. semifasciata Seon phis), iii. semifasciata oe Ouse soma), i. 400. semifasciata (Hutainia), i, 207. semifasciatum (Aspido- clonion), iii. 368. al (Bungarus), i. 368. semnifaaciatus (Coluber), i. 400. semifasciatus (Himan- todes), iii. 86, semifasciatus _ (Hydro- phobus), i. 370. semifasciatus (Lycodon), iii. 101. semifasciatus (Oxyrho- pus), iii. 101. semifasciatus(Platyceps), i. 399. semifasciatus (Rhynch- elaps), eemifasciatus (Simotes), i, 222. somiliriente (Natrix), ii. 138. semilineatum (Basca- nium), i. 391. semilineatus (Zamenis), “rf 622 iii. 622. — (Ablabes), ii. 261. Seminatrix, iii. 599. semiornata eae ii, 195, 359. en (Elaps), iii. sonivarigata(Abatall, semivariegata (Dendro- his) tt 99. semivariegatus (Philo- thamnus), ii.99; iii. 631. semizonata (Homalopsis), iii. 14, semizonata iii. 14, semperi ow iii. 292. semperi (Hydrophis), iii. mt (Hydrophis) (Pythonia), sennaariensis (Eryx), i. 125. seoanei Se gee lii. 477. Sepedon, iii. spiamstrata(Glaonin), 1.2K septemstriatum stoma), i. 71. i or pilates 1 (Steno- septemstriatus (Siagono- don), i. septemstriatus (Typh- lops), i. 71. septemvittata (Natrix), iii. 605. op Nee ae (Calopis- ma), i. septornviitacns (Coluber), i. 239. septemvittataa(Helicops), ‘i. 275 ; iii. deicante: (Limno- phis), i. 275; iii. 610, septemvittatus ‘(Lropido- notus), i. 239, 419 ; iii. 605. septentrionale (Sibon), iii. ’ septentrionalis (Bo- throps), iii. 535. septentrionalis (Cala- maria), ii. 349. septentrionalis(Dinodon), i, 363; iii. 619. septentrionalis (Dipsas), iii. 93. septentrionalis (Eteiro- dipsas), iii. 93. septentrionalis (Lepto- dira), iii. 93. septentrionalis(Lycodon), i, 363. septentrionalis (Ophites), i. 363. seriatus (Coluber), ii. 290. a (Coluber), ii, ee, (Ablabes), ii. 72 serperastra (Rhadinza), ii. 172; iii. 635, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, serra (Dryophylax), iii. 134. serra (Herpetodryas), iii, 134. serra (Philodryas), iii. 134. o— _(Tropidodryas), iii. ta , (Vipera), i iii, 494. severus (Cerastes), ii. 149. severus (Coluber), ii. 149. severus (Xenodon), ii. 146, 148, 149, 150. sexcarinata (Natrix), ii. 72. sexcarinatus (Herpeto- dryas), ii. 72. sexfasciata (Tantilla), iii. 223. sexfasciatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 223, sexlineata (Coronella), ii, 43. sexlineatus (Ablabes), ii. 43 sexlineatus (Dromicus), i, 246. sexlineatus Comune: tus), i. 246; iii. 607. sexscutatus ’ (Leptogna- thus), ii. 296. seychellensis (Boodon), i. 329 soyehellensis ilapieea phis), i. Reis eae " (Tropido- notus), i. 317. shavii (Pelamis), iii. 289. shirana (Ahetulla), ii. 96 shirana (Chlorophis), iii. 631. shiranum (Homalosoma), ii. 276 ; iii. 642. shortii (Silybura), i. 158. Siagonodon, i i, 59. siamensis (Calamaria), ii. 348. siamensis (Coluber), iii. 409 siamensis (Naja), iii. 380. siamensis (Typhlops), i. 24. sibilans (Coluber), iii. 161, 169. sibilans (Psammophis), iii. 149, 156, 157, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168, sibiricum (Chorisodon), iii. 151. 711 Sibon, iii. 88. sibon (Coluber), ii. 293. sibonius(Alsophis),ii.123. siculus (Coluber), i, 219. sieboldi (Elapoides), ii 318. sieboldii (Ferania), iii, 10, 11. sieboldii (Herpetoreas), i. 248. sieboldii (Homalopsis), iii. 11. sieboldii (Hypeirhias), iii. 11, sieboldii (Ninia), ii. 318. sieboldii (‘Trigonurus), iii. 11, signata (Alecto), iii. 338. signata (Denisonia), iii. 338. signata (Glauconia), i. 64. snare (Stenostoma), i, 64. signatus (Coniophanes), iii, 205. signatus —(Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 338. signatus (Simotes), ii. 226. Hepp (Tropidono- , i. 270.. Biloboura i. 144, silurophaga (Grayia), ii. 286. Silybura, i. 144. Simalia, i. 81. simile (Brachysoma), iii. 319 . Simocephalus, i i. 344, Beri ieneceape Rete Pigie: (Typhlops), i 4 51. Simophis, il. 253. Simoselaps, iii. 361. Simotes, i. 414; ii. 213, 214. simplex (Lichanura), i. 129. simus (Coluber), ii. 156. simus (Heterodon), ii, 156 sindanus (Psammophis), iii, 157. sinensis (Ablabes), i. 184. sinkawangensis (Calama- ria), ii. 343. —: (Coluber), i. sadok (Nerodia), i. 242. mer (Tropidonotus), 242 712 Siphlophis. iii. 56, 99. sirtalis (Coluber), i. 206. sirtalis (Eutainia), i. 205, 206, 208 ; iii. 601. sirtalis (Thamnophis), i. sirtalis (Tropidonotus), i. 201, 202, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 237 ; iii. 601. Sistrurus, iii. 569. pr ey (Aheetulla), ii. 108. smaragdina § (Dendro- phis), ii. 103, smaragdina (Gastro- pyxis), ii. 103; iii, 631. smaragdina (Hapsido- phrys), ii. 103. smaragdinus (Lepto- phis), ii. 103. smithii (Dipsas), ii. 125, ak (P ilothamnus), canitbit (Typhlops), i. 45, smithii (Zamenis), iii. 624. smythii (Coluber), ii. 286. smy thii (Grayia), ii. 286 ; iii, 645. socotra (Zamenis), i. 408. socotranus (‘Typhlops), i. 21 Solenoglypha, i iii. 463. Solénoglyphes, iii. 463. somalicus (‘Typhlops), iii. 589. somersetta (Naia), iii. 390. sondaica (Naja), i iii. 380. Sonora, ii. sonorensis iii. 576. sordellii iii. (Caudisona), (Pseudoelaps), spadiceus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 101. Spalerosophis, i. 379. speciosus (Coluber), i. 86, spectabilis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 342. Sphecodes, i. 348. Sphenocalamus, ii. 326. suilogastar (Both 99. i ter ( ro- Paytes), i iii. 608. spilogaster (Ninia), i. spilogaster (Tropidono- tus), i. 257; iii. 608. spiloides (Coluber), ii. 50. spiloides (Elaphis), ii. 50. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. spilonotus (Oligodon), ii: 243. Spilctes, ii, 18, 23, 25. spilotes (Echidna), i. 82. spilotes (Morelia), i. 82. spilotes (Python), i. 82. spilotus (Ooluber), 1. 82. as Layee (Oligo- don), i, 186 . spinalis (Achalinus), i. 309 spinalis (Coluber), i. 394, —— (Masticophis), i, 394 spinalis (Zamenis), i. Hae iii. 622. spiralis (Enhydris), iii. a (Hydrophis) spiralis (Hy is), iii. 273. spiralis (Hydrus), i “¢ Hg spixii (Coluber), ii. spixii (Elaps), iii. “7. spixii (Helicops), i. 280. spixii (Micrurus), iii. 4 lendens (Liophis), ii P82 3 splendida’ (Dipsas), iii. 86. eT. arom ot (Lampropel- tis), ii. Pn (Leptodira), iii, 93 splendidus (Ophibolus), ii. 197. bate tevas: (Simotes), ii. 217, sputatrix (Naja), iii. 880. squamatus (Atheris), iii. squamiger ({Atheris), iii. 509. (Atheris) squamigera (Atheris), iii, 509 squamigera (Echis), iii, 509 equamigera (Toxicoa), iii. squamosus (Anilios), i. tisdiodiieks (Typhlophis), thetic sy enions) } i, 57 ; iii. nmisions (Pseudo- elaps), iii. 317. stahlknechtii_ (Oalama- ria), ii. Stasiotes, ii. 21 3. Stegonotus, i. 364; iii.619. stejnegerianus (Zamenis),: iii. 621, Sténocéphalieng, iii. 26. stenocephalus (Psammo- phis), iii. 156. Stenognathus, i. 302. Stenophis, iii. 39. a T (Lachesis), iii. stenophthalmus (Hetero- lepis), i. 347. inland (Simo- alus), i. 847. Stenorhinis, iii. 229. stenorhynchus (Geophis), erie h (Xyl stenorhynchus ylo- phis) i. 804 PS me eg i. 59. Stenostomi, i. 57. Stenostomide, i. 57. eater pS iii. 303. stephensii (Hoplocepha- fae), j iii. 350. eye stewartii (Hydrophis), iii. 297. his) pas ay (Diadophis), i. 207. stigmaticus (Drepano- don), iii. c Stilosoma, ii. 325; ili. 646, stokesii (Distira), iii. 288, — (Hydrophis), iii. stokesii (Hydrus), iii, 288, stolata (Natrix), iii. 608. stolatum (Amphiesma), i. 253. stolatus (Coluber), i. 253. stolatus \Teepiiopoveey i. 258; iii, 608. stoliczkee (Ablabes), ii. 281. Stoliczkaia, i, 175. Storeria, i, 285. storerioides thus), i. 3 iii. 611. storerioides (Natrix), i. storerioides (Storeria), i. 288. storerioides (Tropidoclo- nium), i, 288. storerioides (Tropidono- tus), iii. 611. re (Lycodon), i. 357 ; iii stormsi _(Boulengerina), iii. straminea re ae ii, 278, Ischnogna- | - stramineus (Chilomenis- cus), ii. 273, stratissima (Leptogna- thus), iii. 85, Stremmatognathus, iii. 446 Streptophorus, i, 291, striata (Coronella), i. 361. striata (Leioselasma), iii. 294. age (Teleolepis), iii. 134 stricticollis (Hydrophis), iii. 284. striatula (Calamaria), i. 291. striatula (Haldea), i. 291 ; iii. 612. striatula (Potamophis), i. 291. striatula (Virginia), i. 291. striatulus (Coluber), i. 291. striatulus . (Conocepha- lus), i. 291, striatus (Coluber), i. 349. striatus (Enhydris), iii. 295. striatus (Epicrates), i. 96. striatus (Kumesodon), i. 361. striatus (Homalochilus), i. 96. ; striatus (Hydrophis), iii. 290. striatus (Hydrus), iii. 292, 295. striatus (Lycodon),i. 349. strigatus (Lachesis), iii. 549. strigatus iii. 116, strigatus (Thamnodynas- tes), iii. 116. strigatus (Tomodon), iii. 116. (Tachymenis), strigatus ili. 549 strigilatus (Homalochi- lus), i. 96. striolatus (Dendrophis), ii. 85, striolatus (Tropidonotus), i. 231. (Trimesurus), siriclwtn (Typhlops), i. 22. stuhlmanni (Ligoniros- tra), ii: 248, stumpfi (Dromicus), i. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. hear (Tropidonotus), 247. shipsiosarnds: i. 193. Styporhynchus, i. 193. subzequalis( Dipsas), iii.88, sp pe (Himanto- des), iii. 88. Seana (Coluber), iii. stele phis), iii. 295. subannulatum (Nymph- » ophidium), i. 371. subannulatus (Dryocala- mus), i. 371; iii. 620. subannulatus (Hydroph o- bus), i. 371. subannulatus (Leptogna- thus), ii. 294. iter subannulatus mus), i. 371. subannulatus rus), ili, 562. subannulatus (Tropido- dipsas), ii. 295. (Hydro- (Odonto- (Trimesu- subannulatus (Tropido- lemus), iil. 562. subcarinatus (Dendro- phis), ii. 91. subcarinatus (Simotes), ii. 22 subcincta (Distira), 292. subcinctus (Hydrophis), iii. 292. subcinctus foot. t i. 859 ; iii. 6 subcinctus 359. subfasciata’ (Hydrophis), iii. 302. subfasciatus (Licphis), ii. 132 (Opti, i. subfasciatus (Rachiodon), ii. 355. subfuscus (Lycodon), i. 356. subgriseus (Oligodon), ii. 243, subleevis (Hydrophis), iii. 283, 292. sublineatus (Liophis), ii. 132. . sublineatus (Oligodon), ii. 242; iii. 640. sublutescens (Corypho- don), ii. 8. submarginatus (Oxyrho- - pus), iii. 104. subminiatum (Amphies- - ma), i. 206: 713 subminiatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 256; iii. 608. subnigra (Zamenis), iii. 623. suboccipitalis (Hoplo- cephalus), iii. 339. suboculare (Bascanium), i. 389. subocularis (Atheris), iii. 509 subocularis his), ii. 89. subocularis(Dendrophis), (Dendrela- ii. 89. suborbitalis (Spilotes), i. 389. subpunctatus (Oligodon), i. 186. subpunctatus us), lii- 103. subpunctatus (Polyodon- tophis), i. 186; iii. 598. subquadratus (Oligodon), li. 237. subradiatum (Compsoso- ma), ii. 64. ag tae (Coluber), ii. 6 (Oxyrho- eaters (Elaphis), ii. 52, 64. subradiatus (Tropidono- tus), ii. 15, subscutatus (Bothrops), iii. 535 substolatum (Amphies- ma), i. 260. subteniatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 160. sulcans ane Seats 7 ili. 349 sulcatus (Typhlops), i. 31, sulphurea (Natrix), ii. 19. sulphureus (Phrynonax), - ii. 193 dil. suluensis (Callophis), i iii. * 402. sumatrana Scapdasie ii. 333, 339. sumatrana (Naja), iii. - 886. sumatranus (Bothrops), iii. 557 sumatranus (Coluber), - iii. 557. sumatranus AG Saeed phis), iii. 194. sumatranus (Elaphis), i. 307. sumatranus (Elaps), iii. 02 ads 714 sumatranus (Lachesis), iii. 557. sumatranus (‘Trigono- cephalus), iii. 562. sumatranus(Trimesurus), iii. 562. sumatranus (Typhlops), iii, 584. sumichrasti (Ablubes), iii. sumichrasti (Conophis), iii. 123. sumichrasti (Eutenia), i. 209 ; iii. 601. sumichrasti (Geagras), ii. 250. sa ap {Gonieogme thus), i. Renita heiate, mus), ii. 250, re Tm (Loxocemus), i. 74. sumichrasti (Polyodonto- pbis), i i. 183; iii. 597. sumichrasti (Rhadineea), i. 183. sumichrasti (Tropidono- tus), i. 209; iii. 601. sundanensis (Tropidono- tus), i. 225, 260. sunderwallii (Elaps), iii. 360. sundevalli (Temnorhyn- chus), s 247. sundeyvallii (Elapechis), iii. 360. ag oe (Elapsoidea), sundevallii (Glauconia), i. eundevallii (Prosymna), ii. 247. sundevallii MH i. 68. “sa (Denisonia), iii a yy (Hoplocepha- us), iii. 335, 356. superciliaris (Vipera), iii, 491. superciliosa (Diemenia), iii. 325. are pa (Echis), iii. superciliosa (Vipera), iii. superciliosus (Acalyptus), gta oe opr ee (Enygrus), igen PN aa elaps), iii. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. supracinctum (Homalo- cranium), iii, 219. surgens (‘Tropidonotus), i. 274. surinamensis (Coluber), i. 278. a surinamensis (Elaps), iii. 414 surucucu (Bothrops), iii. suspectus (Xenodon), ii. 147, suta (Denisonia), iii. 339. sutherlandi (Brachyso- ma), iii. 320, sutherlandi (Pseudelaps), iii, 320. sutus Fe a ca iii. sutus “(Thanatophis), iii, 547 wea (Simotes), ii, 222. swinhonis (Tropidono- tus), i. 218. Symphimus, iii, 642. Sympholis, ii. 188. Synchalinus, ii, 70. Syncrantériens, i. 177. syriaca (Tarbophis), iii. , 49, syrincus (Typhlops), i. 21. syspylus (Ophibolus), ii. 201. Tachymenis, iii. 47, 117, 1 99. ’ Tachynectes, i. 272. Tachyplotus, iii. 2. tanner: (Ungalia), tenia (Tropidonotus), i. 207. teeniata (Coronella), iii. 175. teniata (Leptophis), i. 390. teniata (Natrix), iii. 605. teniata (Rhadinea), ii. l teniata (Tachymenis), iii, 209. teniata (Tantilla), iii. 217. ‘ teniatum (Arrhyton), ii, 252. teniatum (Bascanium), i, 391 teniatum (Homalocrani- um), iii, 217. — (Bothrops), iii. taniatus (Conophi , iii, 124. ™ teniatus (Dromicus), ii. 178. a (Drymobius), i. tenuotas | Mapocepheaa tetas " (Lycognathus),. teniatus (Nasticophis), i. 391. teeniatus (Philodryas), iii, 124. | teniatus (Simotes), ii. 227. teniatus (Zamenis), i. 390; iii. 622. teeniogaster (Liophis), ii. teeniolata (Coronella), ii, 174. teeniolata (Rhadinea), ii. 174. teeniolatus (Enicogna- thus), ii. 174. Teniophallus, iii. 635, Teeniophis, ii. 118, —e (Aporophis), ii. teniurus (Coluber), ii. 47 ; iii. 627. teeniurus (Elaphis), ii.47. teniurus (Liophis), ii. 30, 138. teniurus (Oligodon), ii. tamachia (Coluber), iii, 592. tantalus (Tropidonotus), i. 234, Tantilla, iii, 212. ea a (Teeniophis), ii. ll Taphrometopon, iii, 151. taprobnien {Hydrophis), iii. Tarbophis, i iii. 47. tatarica (Boa), i. 126. tau > eit odon), iii, tsi wnt (Natrix), i. ; iii, taxispilota (Nerodia ; a - taxispilotus (Tropidono- tus), i. 245; iii. 606. taylori (Contia), i ii, 265, ta erana (iry2), i, 126, Teleolepis, iii, 27, Telescopus, iii. 47. Teleuraspides, iii. 518. Teleuras is, iii, 529. temmine ii (Calamaria), ii. temminekii (Dromicus), ii. 119. temminckii (Liophis), ii. 119 temminckii (Psammo- phis), ii. 119. temminckii (Typhlops), i. 29. Peet ua; j ii, 246. i a (Mytilia), i. templetonii Ph sini ii. 241, temporalis " Dlinaons}, ii. 143. temporalis (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 353. temporalis (Hydrophis), iii. 292. temporalis (Liophis), ii. 143. weppene (Ophibolus), i, 200. tenasorimensi (Zaoeys), psoas (laps), i ili, 423. —— atum (Herpeton), iii. uaeeiee iii. 25. tenue (Ophthalmidium), i. 16. (Erpeton), tenuicepe(Ablabee), i 299. tenuiceps (Calamaria), i. 299. tenuiceps(‘Trachischium), i. 299. tenuicollis (Onychocepha- lus), i. 37. tenuicollis (Ophthalmi- dion), i. 37. tenuicollis (Typhlops), i. 37 : tenuicula (Rena), i. '70. tenuiculum (Stenostoma), i. 70. tenuis (Typhlops), i. 16, 19, 28. tenuissima(Dipsas), iii. 86, tenuissimus (Himan- todes), iii. 86. tephropleura (Tropido- notus), i. 237. Teretrurus, i. 165. tergemina (Caudisona), iii. 571, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. tergeminus (Crotalopho- rus), iii. 571. tergeminus (Crotalus), iii. 570. tergeminus (Oxyrhopus), iii. 104, 105. ternatea (Boa), i i, 94. ternetzii i ieininthophi) iii. 584 terrifica (Caudisona), iii. terrificus (Crotalus), iii. 573, 5 terrificus (Dendrelaphis), ii. 90; iii. 630. terrificus (Dendrophis), ii. 90. tessellata (Coronella), i. 233. tessellata (Dipsas), iii. 80. tessellata (Natrix), i. 234. tessellata (Sabrina), i. 63. tessellatum (Triglypho- don), iii. 80. tessellatum (Typhlops), i. 6 i. 63. tessellatus (Ablabes), ii. 11. tessellatus (Bothrops), iii. tessellatus (Coluber), i. 233. tessellatus (Dinodon), i 364. tessellatus (Lycodon), i. 351. tessellatus (Ninia), i. 293. tessellatus (Proterodon), i. 364. tessellatus (Rhinochilus), ii. 213. tessellatus (Streptopho- rus), i, 293. tessellatus (Lropidono- tus), i. 233, 236; iii. 605. testaceus (Coluber), i. 389. testaceus (Coryphodon), i, testaceus (Drymobius), is 390. Tetracheilostoma, i. 59, Tetragonosoma, i. 348. a aes (Coluber), ii. Tetralepis, i. 319. tetratzenia {Adeniophis), iii. tetratenia (Elaps), iii. 400. tetrateenia (Herpetodry- as), ii. 15. 715 tetrazona (Erythrolam- prus), iii, 201. tettensis (Onychoeepha- lus), i. 41. tettensis (Psammophis), iii. 166. tettensis (Typhlops), i, 41. bar (Hypsiglena), ii. 2 texensis (Diadophis), ii. 207. textilis (Coronella), iii. 175. textilis (Diemenia), iii. 325. textilis (Furina), iii. 325. textilis (Lycognathus), iii. 5 textilis (Pseudoelaps), iii. 325. thalassina (Boa), i. 102. Thalassophis, iii. 266,268, 271, 285, 303. Thamnocenchris, iii. 529. Thamnodynastes, iii. 115. Thamnophis, i. 193; iii. 599. Thamnosophis, i. 1905 ii. Thanatophides, i iii. 463. Thanatophis, iii. 530. thebaicus (Eryx), i. 125 ; iil, 595. thebaicus (Gongylophis), i. 125. Theleus, iii. 616. Thelotornis, iii. 184, theobaldi (Simotes), ii. 230. pir weaiema kes. * these (Elaps), iii. 401. thermalis(Coluber), 1.395, thomensis (Philotham- nus), ii. 101. thominoti (Rhinochilus), ii. 213. thraso (Coluber), ii. 155, Thrasops, ii. 104, 105. thurstonii (Typhlops), ix 26; iii. 585. tigrina(Coronella), ii.199 ; iii. 138. tigrinum (Amphiesma), i, 249. ge aah ap iii. tigrinus(Coluber), iii.138, 535. tigrinus (Heterodon), ii. 155. 716 tigrinus (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 535. tigrinus Sea gaan i, 249; iii tigris (Candisona), iii. 580. tigris (Crotalus), iii. 580. tigris (Python), i. 87. timorensis (Python), i. 85. timoriensis (Liasis), i i. 85, Tisiphone, iii. 519. togoensis (Psammophis), iii, 147. togoensis (Rhamphio- his), iii. 147. Tdjucas i ii. 255. Tomodon, iii.115,120,122. Tomogaster, iii. Tomyris, iii. 372. tornieri (Zaocys), iii. 628. torquata (Contia), ii. 266. torquata (Coronella), i. 183 torquata (Demansia), iii. 323. torquata (Diemenia), iii. * 823. torquata (Hypsiglena), ii. ' 209, 210, 359. torquata (Leptodira), ii. 210. torquata (Natrix), i. 219. Torquatrix, i. 133, 1365, torquatum (Pseudorab- dion), ii. 529. torquatum (Rabdion), ii. 329, torquatum (Rabdosoma), ii. 309. torquatus (Atractus), ii torquatus (Coluber), i, 219; ii. 206. torquatus (Enulius), iii. 641. torquatus (Hydrophis), fii. 283. its torquatus (Leptocala- mus), ii. 250; iii. 641. torquatue(Leptognathus), iii. 452. torquatus (Opisthiodon), i. 295 torquatus (Polyodonto- ' phis), i. 188. torquatus(Simotes),ii.232. torquatus (Tropidono- tus), i. 258. torresianus (Typhlops), i. 34. tortor (Acanthophis), iii. Tortricides, i. 131, 167. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Tortriciens, i. 131. Tortricina, i. 151. ater tai I, 75, 121, 122, 133, 134, 167. torva (Vipera), iii. 477. righ (Thanatophis), iii. ie iii. 504. Toxicodryas, iii. 59. Toxicophis, iii. 519. trabalis (Coluber), i i, 395; ii. 44; iii. 151. trabalis (Hemorrhois), i. 395. trabalis (Zamenis), i. 395. Trachischium, i. 297. Trachyboa, i. 109. trachyceps (Hydrophis), iii, 295. trachyprocta (Aspidura), i. 313; iii. 613. transversa (Nerodia), i. 248 transversus (‘Tropidono- tus), i. 242. travancoricus (Cereaspis), i. 855. travancoricus (Lycodon), i. 355. travancoricus (Oligodon), ii. 236. travancoricus (Rhino 0% phis), i. 143; iii. 596. travancoricus (Teretru- ~ rus), i. 166. trevelyana (Dapatnaya), i. 142. trevelvanus (Rhinophis), i. 142. : triangula (Lampropel- tis), ii . 200. triangularis (Coronella), ii, 286. triangularis(Elaps),ii.187. triangularis (Grayia), ii, 287 ; iii. triangularis (Heterono- tus), i ii. 286. triangularis (Hydrops), ii. 187,359; iii. 637. triangularis (Pesuderyx), iii, 637, trianguligera (Bothri- echis), iii, trianguligera (Bothriop- sis), iii. 546. trianguligerus (Tropido- notus), i. 224; iii. 604. triangulum (Ablabes), ii. 198, 200 triangulum (Coluber), ii. 200, triangulum (Coronella), ii. 200. (Ophibol triangulus hibolus fata ii. 199, 200, ep (Coluber), ii, 37; 27. triappia (Natrix), ii. 37. Tricheilostoma, i. 59. tricinctus (Liophis), ii. 183 tricolor Aves. ii, 281 ; iii. 643. tricolor (Cylophis),ii. 281. tricolor Sarge - Ti. tricolor (Herpetodryas), . ii. 281. tricolor (Liopeltis),ii. 281. tricolor (Phalotris), iii. 241. tricolor (Phragmito- phris), iii. 643. trifrenatus (Leptophis), i. 385, stigeminas (Oxyrhopus), iii, 104. Triglyphodon, iii. 59. Grgonete (Dipsas), iii. warn (Coluber), iii. trigonatus (Dipsadomor~ phus), iii. 62, 64, 69, trigonatus (Pelias), iii. 649. trigonocephala (Megrra), iii. 559. trigonocephala eb si ii. 559. Trigonocepbalus, iii. 519, trigonocephalus (Co- phias), iii. 559. trigonocephalus (Lache- sis), iii. 559. trigonocephalus (Tri- _ meresurus), iii. 559, Trigonophis, iii. 47. Trigonurus, iii, 2. trigrammus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. trilamina (Echidnoides), iii. 477. trilamina (Vipera), iii. 477. trilineata(Euteenia),i.208, trilineata (Herpeto- | dryas), i. 189, 190. trilineata (Hypsirhina), iii, 7. trilineatum (Homalo- cranium), iii. 217. trilineatum (Liophi- dium), iii. 599. trilineatus (Atomophis), iii. 135. trilineatus (Atractus), * Hi, 312. trilineatus (Elapomor- * phus), iii. 243. trilineatus (Elaps), iii 401 trilineatus (Herpeto- dryas), iii. 135. trilineatus (Leptocala- mus), 1ii. 217. trilineatus (Oligodon), ii. 238. trilineatus (Platyplec- trurus), i. 165. trilineatus (Plectrurus), i. 165. trilineatus (Psammophy- lax), iii. 138. trilineatus (Simotes), ii. 238 trilobus (Onychocepha- lus), i. 388 trimaculata (Vipera), iii. ~ 89 trimaculatus (Callophis), iii, 397. trimaculatus (Elaps), iii. 97. Trimeresurus, iii. 327, 346, 373, 529. Trimerodytes, iii. 599. Trimerorhini, i. 177 ; iii 26. Trimerorhinus, iii, 138. Trimesurus, ill. 529. ' Trimetopon, ii. 184. T'rimorphodon, iii. 53. trinoculus (Coluber), iii. trinotatus (Simotes), ii. 18. Tripeltis, ii. 233. tripudians (Naia),. iii. 380, 385, 386. Trirhinopholis, i. 419. triscalis (Coluber), ii. triscalis (Dromicus), ii. 129, triscalis (Liophis), ii. 129; iii. 634 triseriata (Caudisona), iii. 581. triseriatus (Coluber), iii. 490 triseriatus (Crotalus), iii. 581. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. iii. triste (Brachysoma), iii. 314 triseriatus (Uropsophus), 581. tristis (Coluber), ii. 88. tristis (Dendrelaphis), ii. 88, 358 ; iii. 630. tristis (Elaps), iii. uen tats (Glyphodon), ii 3 tristrigatus (Dryoca- lamus), i. 372 ; iii. 620. triteenia (Coronella), iii. 139 tritzeniata (Rhagerrhis), iii. 189 triteeniatus (Psammo- phylax), iii. 139. triteniatus (Pseudoxy- rhopus), il. 613. triteeniatus (Trimerorhi- nus), iii. 139, 649. trivirgata (Charina), i. 129. trivirgata (Lichanura), i. 129 ; iii. 595. trivirgatum (Rhabdo- soma), ii. 312. trivirgatus (Psammo- phis), iii. 159. trivirgatus (Xenopeltis), i. 187. trivittatum (Homalo- cranium), iii, 217. trivittatus (Helicops), i. 276. trivittatus. (Myron), i. 276. trivittatus (Tropido- notus), i. 208. tropica (Storeria), i. 287. Tropidechis, iii. 350. Tropidoclonion, i. 285. Tropidoclonium, ii. 294. Tropidococcyx, iii. 177. tropidococeyx (Dryio- phis), iii. 178. Tropidodipsas, ii, 294 ; iii. 644. Tropidogeophis, ii. 294. Tropidolemus, iii. 529. Tropidonophis, i. 193, 272. Tropidonotus, i. 191, 192, 265, 270, 272, 317; ii. 9, 353; iii, 599. Tropidophis, i. 110. Tropidophorus, i. 193. Tropinotus, iii. 599. frongarns (Argyrophis), i. 16. ii. typhlus ~ 186. 717 truncatus (Styporhyn- chus), i. 216. truncatus ( Lropidonotus), i. 216; iii. 603. Trypanurgos, i ili, 58. tschudii (Elaps), iii. 422. tuberculata (Distira), iii. 293 tuberculata (Hydrophis), iii. 293 tubereulatus (Emydoce- phalus), iii. 304. tumboensis (Dipsas), iii. 78 turcica (Boa), i. 125. turcicus (Eryx), i. 126. turgida (Leptognathus), : ili. 456. twiningi (Eutenia), i. 211. Tylanthera, iii. 621. Typhlina, i. 7. Typhlinalis, i. 7. Typhlocalamus, ii. 330. Typhlogeophis, ii. 351. Typhlopes, i. 3. Typhlophis, i. 57. Typhlopide, i. 3. Typhlopiens, i. 3. Typhlopina, i. 3. Typhlopoidea, i. 137. Typhlops, i. 7, 59. Typhlopside, i. 3, 57. typhlus (Coluber), ii. 136. typhlus (Liophis), ii. 185, 136; iii. 634, typhlus (Opheomorphus), i. 136 ; ‘(Xenodon), ii. typica (Opisthotropis), i. 285 ; iii. 611. typicus (Helicopsoides), i. 285. typus (Anodon), ii. 354. typus (Bucephalus), iii. 187. ite (Dispholidus), iii 187, Tyria, i. 379; ii. 23, 24; iii, 195. tyria (Coluber), i. 407. tyrolensis (Coluber), i 219 tytleri (Tropidonotus), i. 231. Tytleria, i. 348. ultramarinus (Lepto- phis), iii. 633. Ulupe, i. 369. 718 umbratus (Coluber), i. 230. umbratus tus), i. 224, 231. undecimstriata (Epictia), i. 63. oh peer eaclectinitelatins (Typh- lops), i. 63. undulata (Rhadinwa), ii. 174; iii. 635. undulatus (Atropos), iii. 565. undulatus (Bothrops), iii. 565. undulatus (Coluber), iii. 174. undulatus (Dromicus), ii. 1 undulatus (Lachesis), iii. 565 undulatus (Ophryacus), iii. 565. undulatus (Teleuraspis), iii. 565. undulatus Ne aa pbalus), iii. Ungalia, i. 110. Ungaliophis, i. 114. unguiculata ner rhis), iii. 1 unguirostris (Onychoce- phalus), i. 49. or shy Phlope) 49 ; iii. etacles (Amblyodipsas), iii. 245. unicolor (Bosdon), i. unicolor (Calamaria), iii, 245. unicolor ug ieee iii. unicolor (Cerberus), iii. 16. unicolor (Crotalus), iii. 574. unicolor (Dipsadoboa), iii. 81. unicolor (Dromicus), ii unicolor (Fordonia), iii. unicolor (Geophis), ii, unicolor (Leptocalamus), ii, 250. unicolor (Lycodon), i. 352. unicolor (Naja), iii. 380. unicolor (Rachiodon), ii. 355, ALPHABETICAL INDEX, unicolor (Xenopeltis), i. 168, 334 , unilineatus aides phalus), i. 15. unilineatus (Typhlops), i. 15. unimaculata (Mytilia), i. 141 uniteniatus (Letheobia), i. 55. uniteniatus (Typhlops), i. 55; iii. re . univirgata (Oallophis), iii. 598. ‘ univirgatus (Hlaps), iii. 398. univittatum (Rabdo- soma), ii. Upérolissiens, i. 187. upsilon (Sibon), iii. 55. rs hays ai rec iii. Michi? iii. 372. Uranops, i. 272. Uriechis, iii. 235. Urobelus, iii. 249, Uromacer, ii. 115. Uropeltacea, i. 137. Uropeltide, i, 137. Uropeltis, i. 132, 144, Uropsophus, iii. ‘572. ee (Atheetulla), ii. urostictus (Leptophis), ii. 115, . Urotheea, i ii. 180. ursinii (Pelias), iii. 473, ursinii (Vipera), iii. 473. urutu (Bothrops), iii. 542. usta (Natrix), i i. 239. ustus (Tropidonotus), i. 238. vagrans § (Kutainia), - i, ; iii, 600, vagrans (‘Thamnophis), iii. be i aoe (r0 sr onotus), vagus a hookceusit iii. saad sei. iii. 462. vagus Nabespes ili. vaillanti (Calamelaps), iii, 249. vaillanti (Elaposchema), iii, 249. vaillanti (Micrelaps), iii. 249. —— (Simotes), ii, valakadien age iii, 802. valakadyn (Hydrus), ii = (Virginia), ii, vande (Dipsas), iii. 78. valida (Natrix), i. 287. valida (Regina), i. 237. validus ( idonotus), i. 237 ; iii. 605. / varia (Echis), iii. 505, at (Calamaria), ii, variabilis (Coluber), ii. variabilis (Fordonia), iii. variabilis (Helicops), i. variabilis (Hemigenius i 008, ae variabilis ( wom 4 lax), iii. 1 variabilis (Spilotes), ii. variabilis (Stenophis), iii. 43. variabilis (Tretanorhi- nus), i. 282; iii. 610. variabilis (Trimerorhi- nus), iii. 140. variabilis (Tropidonotus), iii. 606. varians (Oonopsis), ii. 268. 0 Varians ius), iii, rn Pic ), i varians rhina), ii, 268. variegata (Alecto), _ iii. 348. — (Dipsas), iii. ie a (Ficimia), ii, aS eee vangata (Megera), iii, variegata (Morelia), i. 82. is igs (Parias), iii. variegatum (Alopecion) ig ete cas variegatum A ee pon), ii. variegatum (Homalo- soma), ii, 276, variogeban (Dipsado- morus), iii. 451. variegatus (Heleiono- mus), i. 86. variegatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii, 349. variegatus (Leptogna- thus), iii, 451. variegatus (Mizodon), i. 217. variegatus (Tarbophis), iii. 51. wesc variegatus (Tropidono- twee 217; ie 603. varium (Rabdosoma), ii. 309 (Leptophis), i. varius 246. Marie: i abe. ama asi 18 (yphlope), i. 46. veliferum (Amastridium), ii. 352, venenosi (Colubriformes), i. 169. ventralis (Boodon), i. 331. ventralis (Stenorhina), iii. 229. ventrimaculata (Lepto- _ gnathus), iii. 454. ventrimaculata (Tyria), i. 400 -ventrimaculatus (Acan- thocalyx), iii. 623. ventrimaculatus (Lepto- gnathus), ili, 454. ventrimaculatus (Za- menis), i. 898, 399, 401, 403, 404 ; iii. 623. ventromaculatus (Oo- luber), i. 399. venustissima (Coronella), iii. venustissimus (Coluber), iii. venustissimus (Elaps), iii. 200. venustissimus (Erythro- lamprus), iii. 201 ; iii. , 636. venustissimus (Henico- gnathus), iii. 598. venustissimus (Polyo- dontophis), iii. 598. “venustus (Coluber), i, 287. venustus (Oligodon), ii. 235 venustus (Simotes), ii. _vertebralis ALPHABETICAL INDEX. verecundus (Liophis), ii. 134 Vermicella, iii. 405. vermicularis (Argyro- phis), i. 21. vermicularis (Typhlops), i, 21, 418. vermiculata (Coelopeltis), » iii. 142 ‘vermiculaticeps (Coro- nella), ii. 177. vermiculaticeps (Rha- dinza), ii, 177. vermiculaticeps (Tenio- phis), ii. 177. vermiculatus (Coluber), iii. 141 vermiforme (Homalo- cranium), iil. 225. vermiformis (Calamaria), ii. 333 ; iii. 646. vermiformis (Carph- ophiops), ii. 324. vermiformis (Lioninia), iii, 225. vermiformis iii, 225 yermis(Carphophiops), il. 825. (Tantilla), vermis (Celuta), ii. 324. vernalis (Chlorosoma), ii, 258. vernalis (Coluber), ii.258. vernalis (Contia), ii. 258 ; iii. 641. vernalis (Cyclophis), ii. ; ii. 641. _vernalis (Herpetodryas), ii, 258. vernalis (Liopeltis), ii. 9. versicolor (Oalamaria), ii. 345. versicolor (Coluber), i, 411; ii. 149, 191. versicolor (Epicrates), i. 96 versicolor (Periops), i. 411. versicolor (Zamenis), i 11. vertebralis (Coluber), ii. -yertebralis (Oligodon), ii. 245. (Pituophis), ii. 66, 67, 68. vertebralis (Simotes), ii. verticalis (Onychocepha- lus), i. 32, 719 verticalis (Typhlops), i. 39, yphiop vestigiatus (Hoplocepha- lus), iii. 335. vetustus (Bascanion), i. 387. vibakari (Tropidonotus), i. 221. vicina (Chrysopelea), iii, 195. victa (Storeria), iii. 611. victus (Ischnognathus), iii. 611. vidua (Eutenia), i. 208. viduus (Conophis), iii. 123. viguieri (Leptognathus), iii. 457. vilkinsonii (Trimorpho- don), iii. 55. villarsii (Cheilorhina), ii. 188. vincenti (Herpetodryas), ii. 73. violacea (Cantoria), iii. 23 violacea (Coronella), ii. 222. violacea (Oxybelis), iii. 185. violaceus (Coluber), ii, 137. violaceus (Erythrolam- prus), iii. 207, - violaceus (Simotes), ii. 222 ; iii. 640. Vipera, iii. 354, 471, 492, 501, 504. 7 (Cerastes), iii, vipera (Coluber), iii. 476, 503, Viperida, iii. 465. Viperides, iii. 463, 464. Vipériens, iii. 464. Viperiformes, iii. 463. Viperina, iii. 463, 464, viperina (Boa), i. 124. viperina (Distira), iii, viperina (Hydrophis), iii, 298. viperina (Natrix), i. 236. Longe (Thalassophis), iii. 298. Viperine, iii. 464, viperinus (Coluber), i, 219, 235. ‘viperinus (Dromicus), ii, 174. 720 viperinus (Psammophy- ax), iii. es fe ' viperinus(Tropidonotus), ‘z i 235 ; iii. 605, Viperoidea, i, 169; iii. 464. virens (Coluber), a 141. a (Tantilla), iii. virgatum (Homalocra- nium), iii. 223. virgatus (Boodon), i. 331. virgatus (Ccelopeltis), i. 331 virgatus (Coluber), ii. 54. virgatus (Elaphis), ii. 47, 54 virgatus (Microdromus), ili. 223. Virginia, ii. 288. virginica (Coronella), iii. 9. virgulata (Calamaria), ii. , 340; iii. viride (Gonyosoma), ii. viridicyanea (Liophis), ii, 182. viridiflavus (Coluber), i. 395. viridiflavus (Zamenis), i. 95. (Anoplodipsas), viridis iii. 82. viridis (Boa), i. 90. viridis (Bothrops), iii. 55. viridis (Bucephalus), iii. 187. viridis (Chondropython), i, 90; iii. viridis (Chrysopélea), i iii. 195, viridis (Cophias), iii. 554. viridis (Crotalinus), iii. 576. viridis (Dendraspis), iii. 435. viridis Ree ar ii, “7G, viridis (Leptophis), — iii viridis (Liophis), ii, 134 ; iii. viridis (Naja), i iii. B74. viridis CUpEhereyar), ii. 135 viridis " (Trigonocepha- lus), iii. 554. viridis (Trimeresuras), ill. 551, 554. ALPHABETICAT, INDEX, viridis (Vipera), iii. 554. viridis (Xenodon), i. 267. viridissimus (Coluber), iii, 129. viridissimus Po ahd gi lax), iii. 129 viridissimus (Herpeto- dryas), iii. 129. viridissimus (Philo- dryas), iii. 129. visoninus (Adelphicus), ii. 313. visoninus (Rhegnops), ii. wis. (Rhegnop vitellinus (Dryophilax), ith 133. r vitellinus (Philodryas), 133. iii. vitianus (Ogmodon), iii. 313 vittata (Natrix), i. 255. re (Rhadinea), ii. 178 vittatum (Arrhyton), ii. 252 vittatum (Rhinostoma), iii. 115. vittatus (Ablabes), i. 375. vittatus (Atractus), ii. 304. | vittatus (Ceratophallus), itaten (Coluber), i. 255 ; ii. 134. vittatus (Conopbis), iii. vittatus (Oryptodacus), ii. 252. i vittatus (Dryophis), iii. 192. oe vittatus (Enicognathus), ii. 176, 178. -vittatus (Liophis), ii. 134. ‘vittatus _ (Rhynchonyx), iii. 237. vittatus (Spilotes), i. 252, vittatus (Tomodon), iii. 123. vittatus (Tropidonotus), i. 255 ; iii. 608 vivax (Ailurophis), iii. 48 vivax (Coluber), iii, 48. ar (Ditypophis), iii. 4 vivax (Tachymenis), iii. vivax (Tarbophis), iii, 48, 49, 50. V-nigrum (Naja), iii. 467. vossi (Gonionotus), i. 323, vossii (Alopecion), i. 844 Vossii pcan ? 344. eo ii Co i. the re (Alsophis), i ii. 120. vulgaris (Coluber), i. 395, vulgaris (Natrix), i. 219. “— (Vipera), ag phir. (Coluber), ii. ‘vulpinus (Coluber), ii. 49, bi yom (Elaphis), ii. 49. ey “UE (Scotop 1is), ii. vultuosa (Ialtris), iii, 137 waandersi (Oligodon), ii, waandersii (Pareas), iii. waandersi (Rabdion), ii. by (Bothrops), iii. wagleri (Cophias), iii. 562. wagleri (Helicops), i. 282. wagner ne iii. 562. wagleri (Liophis), i ii. 134, wagleri (Trigonocepha- lus), iii, 562. wagleri (‘Trimeresurus), ili. 562. iy oes iii. wagneri ‘(Homalocra- ser iii. 218. waitii “as (Hoplae iii. waitii (Ty phlope) fi 589. wiry (‘Tropidonotus), walteri (Contia), ii. 263. walteri (Pseudooyclo- phis), ii. 263. Walterinnesia, iii. 392. br (Cophias), iii. wardii noce lus), iii. at ' “ warro (Cacophis), iii. 320. Peendelape) warro (Pseu » iii. 820. a7 weberi (Anomalochilus), i, 134, wine - weigelii Creapetoisee lus), iii. weigelii (Dix sas), iii. 84. weigelii Rm iii. 535. welwitachii (Dendraspis), iii. 436 ‘Wenona, i i. 130. werneri Gepetallactus},. iii. 257, westermanni (Blachis- todon), iii. 264. westermanni (Onycho- cephalus), i. 56. whymperi (Coronella), ii. 174. wiedii Aiyphlops), i. 36; iii. ” (iteirodipeas) iii. 97. wilderi (Typhlops), i. 7. wilkesii (Pituophis), ii. 67. woodfordii (Denisonia), iii. 346. woodfordii (Hoploce- phalus), iii. 346. woodhousii (Nerodia), i. 243. - woodhousii (Tropido- notus), i, 2438. _wood-masoni (Silybura), i. 147. woodmasoni (Simotes), i ii. 23. wuchereri (Dromicus), i ii. 75. wuhereri (Elapomor- phus), iii. 240, 241. wuchereri (Lygophis), ii. ‘175. wynadense (Melano- phidium), i. 163. VOL, III. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, wynandensis(Plectrurus), i. 163. xanthina (Daboia), iii. 488. xanthina (Vipera), — iii. (Coluber), xanthogaster ii. 46. xanthogrammus chesis), iii. 543. xanthogrammus (Tri- gonocephalus), iii. 543. xanthomelas (Trimere- surus), lii. 551. xanthozona (Dryophis), iii. 180. xanthozonius (Tragops), iii. 181 xanthurus (Spilurus), ii. 31 (La- Xenelaphis, ii. 7. Xenocalamus, iii. 247. Xenochrophis, i. 191. Xenodermina, i. 172. Xenodermus, i. 175. Xenodon, i. 265, 270; 24, 126, 144 151, io 214; iii. 727. Xenodontide, iii, 597. Xenodontine, lii. 597. Xenopeltide, i. 167. Xenopeltis, i. 167. _xenopeltis (Tortrix), i. 168 Xenopholis, iii, 231. Xenurelaps, iii. 865. Xenurophis, ii. 288. Xiphosoma, i. 99. Xylophis, i. 303. Xyphorhynchus, iii. 35. Y (Pseudoelaps), ii. 200. 721 y-grecum (Liophis), 135. y-grecum (Lygophis), ii. 135. yucatanense (Sibon), iii. 95. yucatanensis (Leptodira), iii. 95. yunnanensis (Atretium), i. 274. yunnanensis (Elaphis), ii. 7. Zacholus, ii. 188. Zamenis, i. 379; ii. 24; iii. 621. Zamenophis, i. 364. Zaocys, 1. 374. Zapyrus, i. 374. zara (T'rigonocephalus), ili. 528. zebrina (Geophis), i ii. 308. zebrinum (Rabdosoma), ii. 306, zebrinus (Rhegnops), ii. 308. zebrinus (Tropidonotus), i. 258. m zeylonicus (Coluber); iii. 57. ziczac (Wehis), iii. 505. zonata (Ooronella), ii. 202. zonatus (Bellophis), ii. 202. zonatus (Coluber), ii. 202. zonatus (Elaps), iii. 211. ee (O Daiboles), il. Bhatt (Seolecophis), iii. 211. zonatus (Zacholus), ii. 202. LIST OF PLATES. Prats I. Fig. 1. Hypsirhina indica, Gray, p. 4. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body. la. Upper view of head. x 2. 18. Side view of head. x2. 2. Hypsirhina chinensis, Gray, p.8. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body. Side view of head. x14. 2 b. Prats IT. Fig. 1. Cerberus australis, Gray, p. 18. 2. microlepis, Blgr., p. 18. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. Prate III. Fig. 1. Geodipsas infralineata, Gthr., p. 32. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and lower view of middle of body. . 2. Lycodryas sanctijohannis, Gthr., p. 45. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Dipsadomorphus nigriceps, Gthr., p. 72. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head, LIST OF PLATES. 723 Prate IV. Fig. 1. Stenophis guentheri, Blgr., p. 40. 2. maculatus, Gthr., p. 43. 3. variabilis, Blgr., p. 43. 3a. Young. 4, betsileanus, Gthr., p. 44. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Puate V. Fig. 1. Himantodes inornatus, Blgr., p. 88. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of head. 2. Leptodira nigrofasciata, Gthr., p. 92. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. 2a. Upper view of head. x2. 2 b. Side view of head. x2. 3. Rhinostoma vittatum, Blgr., p. 115. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prate VI. Fig. 1. Oxyrhopus bitorquatus, Gthr., p. 104. Young (type). Upper view of head and anterior part of body. Adult, from Moyobamba, Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Adult, from Sarayacu. Upper view of la. 15. head and anterior part of body. 2. Oxyrhopus maculatus, Blgr., p.110. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. Side view of head. 2a. Prats VII. Fig. 1. Tachymenis affinis, Blgr., p. 119. 2. Ialtris dorsalis, Gthr., p. 137. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 724 Fig. Fig. Fig. LIST OF PLATES, Prats VIII. . 1. Psammophis bocagii, Blgr.,p. 161. Upper and side views ~ of head and anterior part of body, and upper view of middle of body. longifrons, Blgr., p. 165. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prate 1X, 1. Philodryas bolivianus, Blgr., p. 132. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 2. Dryophiops philippina, Blgr., p. 195. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Homalocranium longifrontale, Blgr., p. 218. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and upper and side views of head. x1}. Prats X. 1. Apostolepis quinquelineata, Blgr., p. 235. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and of posterior part of body and tail. la. Upper view of head. x4. 16. —— ——. Side view of head. x4. le. Lower view of head. x4. 2. Apostolepis nigroterminata, Blgr., p. 235. Upper view of head and anterior part of body, and of posterior part of body and tail. 2 a. Upper view of head. x3. 2b, —— ——. Side view of head. x3. 2 ¢. ——. Lower view of head. x3. 3. Elapomorphus trilineatus, Blgr., p. 243. Upper, side, and lower views of héad and anterior part of body. Prats XI. 1. Aparallactus werneri, Blgr., p. 257. 2. guentheri, Blgr., p. 259. 3. —— anomalus, Blgr., p. 262. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, and upper (a) and side (6) views of head. x2. LIST OF PLATES. 725 Prats XII. Fig. 1. Hydrelaps darwiniensis, Blgr., p. 270. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of tail, and enlarged ( x 14) side view of head. 2. Hydrophis pacificus, Blgr., p. 278. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XIII. Hydrophis latifasciatus, Gthr., p. 279. Upper, side, and lower- views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XLV. Hydrophis cantoris, Gthr., p. 281. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. | Prate XV. Hydrophis melanocephalus, Gray, p. 283. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. Prats XVI. Distira grandis, Blgr., p. 293. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of posterior part of body. _ Prate XVII. Fig. 1. Distira macfarlani, Blgr., p. 294. 2. Distira belcheri, Gray, p. 296. Upper, side, and lower views of head and anterior part of body, side view of middle of body, and side view of tail. 726 LIST OF PLATES. Prate XVIII. . Glyphodon tristis, Gthr., p. 314. . Diemenia olivacea, Gray, p. 323. . Denisonia demelii, Gthr., p. 339. punctata, Bigr., p. 341. . Bungarus bungaroides, Cantor, p. 370. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prare XIX. Fig. 1. Tropidechis carinatus, Gthr., p. 350. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. 2. Elapognathus minor, Gthr., p. 356. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 3. Bungarus ceylonicus, Gthr., p. 367. Upper view of head and anterior part of body. Pratp XX, Fig. 1. Elapechis niger, Gthr., p. 359. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. 2. Naia goldii, Bigr., p. 387. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body, and side view of middle of body. Prats XXI. Naia guentheri, Blgr., p. 388. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prats XXII, Fig. 1. Elaps buckleyt, Blgr., p, 416. 2. anomalus, Blgr., p. 417. 3. —— fraseri, Blgr., p. 432. 4 mentalis, Bigr., p. 432. Upper and lower views of head and anterior part of body, and enlarged ( x 2) side view of head. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. LIST OF PLATES. 727 Prats XXIII. Amblycephalus monticola, Cantor, p. 443. . Leptognathus andiana, Blgr., p. 452. elegans, Blgr., P.. 452. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body, lower view of head, and enlarged view of dorsal scales in the middle of the body. Prats XXIV. Leptognathus leucomelas, Blgr., p. 453. ventrimaculata, Bligr., p. 454. . Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior part of body. Prats XXV. Echis coloratus, Gthr., p. 507. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. . Lachesis okinavensis, Blgr., p. 549. Upper and side views of head and anterior part of body. — flavomaculatus, Gray, p. 556. Upper and side views of head. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. prod d a Bae Mice. os nae} Bay ake BRIT.MUS.N.H. PUT. “ete 1: Z. J.Green & R.EM.del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. 1. Hypsivhina indica. 2. Hypswrhina chinensis . BRIT.MUS.N.H. PU... J. Green & R.E.M del.et lith. ' Mintern Bros. imp. IL. Cerberus austrois . 2. Cerberus microlepis. BRIT. MUS.N.H. PU. Il. Pe J.Green del.etlith. Mintern. Bros ..imp. 1. Geodipsas wtralineata 2. lycodryas sancti-~johannis. 3. Dipsadomorphus nigriceps . BRIT. MUS: N-H. PU. IV. Le & = Qe eee. * s * \y | Sens sacs SO Sy warm pe oo” a x CD ss ion tia > / oy ch feos fics bak Mintern Bros .imp, J.Green & REM del.ci lith. I. Stenophis guenthert. 2. Stenephis maculatus. 3. Stenophis variablis. 4. Stenophis betsileanus. BRIT. MUS .N.H. PL.V. +. oy, ha aratgtyes OOS J. Green & REM. del.et lith. Mintern. Bros. imp. 1. Himantodes inornatus. 2. Leptedira nigrotasacta. 3. Rhinostoma vitatum . . ‘ y 4 7 d Pe - . ' A pr eT ch oS Ae ee eye ae ha ee ee TA Pe i he Re 8 C= ae & BRIT.MUS.N.H. J. Green del.et lith. 1. Oayrhopus biterquatus. PL. VI. Mintern Bros. imp. 2. Oaxyrhopus maculatus, BRIT.MUS.N.H. PU .VIL. $f as J. Green & RM delet lith. Mintern Bros. inp. > A I. Tachymenis attinis. 2 Ialtvis dorsalis. BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL. VIIL. J. Green del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp, 1.Psammophis bocagw. 2. Psammophis longttrons. “= «BRIT. MUS®N.H. PU. IX. ey dl

~ velo. - ‘4 y } i oy os ) , F ‘+ _ oe eo R : CaN Iu Aes. ed re ae 4 ~ ' “ + ai e™ a : 2 - * ~ : ee ve oe ° wy P i . - 4 = ‘ i . ' —_ ie] ” “ “, : ¢ 2.) ' ‘ « ’ * ivi - st oF KAAS OX K ne a7 ox a, ~~ > J. Green & R.M. del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. LAparallactus werner’. 2. Aparallactus quentherv. 3. Aparollactus anomalus. ee ¢ . ™ * * . "I “ -- . , i ’ . - * * 7 ~ . ’ ‘ , ‘ — ‘y ’ , 4% » re € ‘ * . i = 7 - . oe » 4 -- o~ a ey + BRIT.MUS.N.H. Rae Os SY AA ‘ Ly » eed adal,s \ Oh f Koy} J. Green delet lith. PUL. XM. Mintern Bros. imp. 1. Hydrelaps darwiuniensis. 2. Hydrophis pacificus. BRIT.MUS.N.H. PL. XII, J.Green & RE Mdel.et lith.. Mintern Bros. imp. Hydrophis latitasciatas . BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL. XIV. BX) 33 24 aN fee ie SAE 23.9 a J. Green del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. Hydrophis cantorve. BRIT.MUS.N.H. PL, XV. Ge Bi J.Green del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imap. Hydrophis melonocephalus. ang ‘ tg 4 a eS ae th eee BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL. XVI. J.Green & R.E Mdel.et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. Distira grandis. PU. XVI, BRIT MUS .N UE. Mintern Bros. imp. 2. Distira beleherv. Jd, Green del.et lith. farlani. istira mac L. BRIT.MUS.N.H. PL. XVII. a i oo oes an Mies 5 Pra P Cin ae cs eae Na G <<" SX + Xa at Ete C34 J.Green del. et lith. Mirtern Bros.imp. 1. Glyphodow tristis. 2. Diementa vclivacea. 3.Denisonia demelir. 4, Denisonia punctata. P, Bungarus bungarvides ; BRIT.MUS.N.H. PU. XIX. tig Dele KX ESL. ij vamntay J. Green. del.et lth. Mintern Bros.imp. LT, ropidechis cartnatus. 2. Elapognathus minor. 3B UNGATUs ceylonicus. BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL. XX. J. Green del. et lth. Mirntern Bros. imp. 1. Elapechis niger. 2. Naia goldw. Leese es Pe i ae Mintern. Bros. imp. a 4 Natov guentherv . BRIT.MUS.N.H. PU. XXII. af pte. or POOR J. Green del. et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. I. Elapes buckleyv. 2.Elaps anomalue. 3. Elaps fraser. 4. Elaps mentalis , wre . we & a. ro te = “ Aten ha 4 ee. wy > A ’ BRIT. MUS.N.H. Y = fe. sian J. Green del. et lith . Midi Brive aq. 1. Amblycephalus monticola. 2.Leptognathus andiana . 3.Leptognathus degans. BRIT. MUS.N.H. PL. XXIV. ud - a+. am -_-s ‘ J. Green. del. et lith. intern Bros. imp. 1g Leptogna this leacomeles. z2.L eptogn athus ventrimaculaia. BRIT.MUS.N.H. PL. XXV. 8, qi ) Jd. Green. Gel. ei th. ilintern Eros. imo. L.Echis coloratias. 2. Lachesis clinavensts. 3.Lachesis tlavomaculaitius. LIST OF THE CURRENT NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. The following publications can be purchased through the Agency of _ Messrs. Lonemans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row ; Mr. Quarircu, 15, Piccadilly ; Messrs. Kecan Paut, Trencp, Trivner & Co., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road; and Messrs. Duna & Co., 37, Soho Square; or at the Narurat History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo. 2s. 3d. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. “ Alert,” 1881-2. Pp. xxv., 684. 54. Plates. 1884, 8vo. Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. BR. w. Coppinger. Mammalia - -..- «+ 4,0. Thomas. Aves - - ,, R. B. Sharpe. Reptilia, Ratrachia, Pintas - ,, A. Giinther. Mollusea - - - 4, E. A. Smith. Kehinodermata - 4 . 4 eBedy Bell, Crustacea - -\ 4) EH. J. Miers. Coleoptera: - - - 4, C.O. Waterhouse. Lepidoptera - . - A. G. Butler, Aleyonaria and Spongiida » ». O. Ridley. 12, 10s. MAMMALS. List of the Specimens of Mammalia in the Collection of the | British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Pp. xxviii. 216, [With Systematic List of the Genera of Mammalia, Index of Donations, and Alphabetical Index.] 1843, 12mo. 2s. 6d. List of the Osteological Specimens in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xxv., 147, | With Systematic Index and Appendix.] 1847, 12 mo. Qs. 0 89533. 3000.—12/95, Wt. 16346. KE. & 8. A 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Edward as a eg Pp. iv., 296. 1862, Svo. 5s. Catalogue of Monkeys, Dilites, ‘aa Fr B nep' Bats in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.5., &e. Pp. viii, 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870, 8yo. 4s. Catalogue of Carnivorous, ‘Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mam- malia in the British Museum. By John Hdward Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6s. 6d. 2% Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John ” Edward Gray, F.R.S., &e. 2nd edition. Pp. vii, 402. 101 % Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s. Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi. 103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d. List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, Li.D., F.R.S, &e. [With Systematic and “Alphabetical Indexes. } Pp. iv..36. 1885, 8vo. Ls. 6d. Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linneus) in the British Museum. By John “Edward Gray, F.R.S., ke, Pp. vili., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. 6d. Citalogiie of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4 coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic aus Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 12, 8s. - BIRDS. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum ;— Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Petching Birds in the Collection of the British Musuem. Cichlomorphe : Part ITT., containing the first portion of the family Timeliide (Babbling Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 420. Woodcutsand 18 coloured Plates. [ With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, 8vo, 14, 4 Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching | Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morphe: Part IV., containing the concluding portion of the. family Timeliide (Babbling Thrushes), By R. | Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodecuts and 15 — coloured Plates. {With Systematic and Se 7 Indexes.] 1883, Sve. 1/. 6s. | Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morphe: Part V., containing the families Paride and Laniide (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorphe (Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xiii.,, 8386. Woodeuts and 9 coloured Plates. {With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 18838, 8vo, 17s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 3 Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum —continued. Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinnyrimorphe, containing the families Nectariniide and Meliphagide (Sun Birds and Honey-eaters), By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310... Woodcuts. and 7 coloured Plates, [| With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes,] 1884, Svo, 14s. Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, inthe Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : Part L, containing the families Dicxwide, Hirundinide, Ampelide, Mniotiltide, and Motacillide, By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii.,682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 1d. 2s. Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sringilliformes : Part -IL., coutaining the families Coerebide, Tanagride, und Icteride. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii, 431. .[ With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| Wocdecuts and 18 Coioured Plates, 1886, 8vo. 1, Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection ofthe British Museum. Fringiilli- formes; Part IL1., containing the family Fringillide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical - . Indexes.|] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 8s. Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni- formes, containing the families Artamide, Sturnide, ' Ploceid, and Alaudide. Also the families Atrichiide and Menuride. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodeuts and 15 coloured Plates.. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 1d. 8s. Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo- myode, or the families Tyrannide, Oxyrhamphide, Pipride, Cotingide, Phytotomide, Philepittide, Pittide, Xenicide, _ and Eurylemide. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, Svo. 1d. 4s. Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. T'racheo- phone, or the families Dendrocolaptide, Formicariide, Conopophagidx, and Pteroptochide., By Philip Lutley Selater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured’ Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.|] 1890, 8vo. 14 A 2 4, LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF ‘THE Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued. Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picariz in the Collection of the British Museum. Upupe and Trochili, by Osbert Salvin. Coracie, of the families Cypselide, Caprimulgide, Podar- gide, and Steatornithide, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xvi., 703. Wocdeuts and 14 coloured Plates, . [ With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| 1892, 8vo. 12, 16s. Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picaria in the Collection of the British Museum. Coracie (contin.) and Haleyones, with the families Leptosomatide, Coraciide, Meropide, Alcedinide, Momotide, Totide, and Coliida, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodeuts and 17 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| 1592, Svo. 1é. 10s. | Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariz in the Collection of the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family Picide. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 17. 6s. Vol. XTX. Catalogue of the Picarie in the Collection of the British Museum. Seansores and Coceyges: contain- ing the families Rhamphastide, Galbulide, and Bucconide, by P. L. Selater ; and the families Indicatoridz, Capitonide, Cuculide, and Musophagidw, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii. 484; 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo, 1l. 5s. Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the ©ollection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xvii., 658: woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With | Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 12. 10s. Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columba, or Pigeons, in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xvii., 676: 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 1/. 10s. Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocletes, Galline, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of the British Museum. By W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi., 585: 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 1. 6s. Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicarie (Rallide and Heliornithide) and Alectorides (Aramide, Eurypygide, Mesitide, Rhinochetide, Gruide, Psophiide, and Otidida) in the Collection of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii, 353: 9 coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic!and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 20s.. List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray :—. Part IIL, Section I. Ramphastide. Pp. 16. [With Index.] 1845, 12mo. 6d. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5 List of Specimens of Birds in the British Museum—continued. Part IIT., Section IT. Psittacide. Pp. 110, [With Index.] 1859, 12mo. 2s. | Part IIT., Sections III. and IV. Capitonide. and Picide. Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. 1s. 6d. PartIV. Columbe. Pp.73. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo. ls. 9d. Part V. Gallinw Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical Index.| 1867, 12mo. ls. 6d. Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean in the Coilection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., &. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical Tndex.] 1859, 8vo. 1s. Gd. REPTILES. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbenians in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] 1844, 12mo. Is. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British _ Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. :— _~ Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d. Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis- benians. Pp. vi. 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, +to. 3s. 6d. Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8yvo. 4s. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By - George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 3811. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, 8vo. 15s. Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. xxviii, 239. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes. | 1845, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His- tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger :— Vol. I. Geckonidx, Kublepnaride, Uroplatide, Pygopodide, Agamide. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s. Vol. II. Iguanide, Xenosauride, Zonuride, Anguide, Anniellide, Helodermatide, Varanide, Xantusiide, Teiide, Amphisbenide. Pp. xiii, 497. 24 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s. 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum—continued. Vol. III. Lacertide, Gerrhosauride, Scincide, Anelytro- pide, Dibamide, Chameleontide. Pp. xii, 575. 40 Plates.. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to the three volumes,] . 1887, 8vo. 11. 6s, Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. :— Vol. I, containing the families Typhlopide, Glauconiide, Boide, Ilysiide, Uropeltide, Xenopeltidw, and Colubride aglypha, part. Pp. xiii, 445: 26 Woodeuts and 28 Plates. [With Systematic aad Alphabetical Indexes. | 1893, 8vo. 12. 1s. Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubride aglypha. Pp. xi. 382: 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [| With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17s. 6d. Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 12mo. 4s. . BATRACHIANS. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi.,.160. 12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, -and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia Apoda in the Collection of the British Mnseum. Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii, 127. 9 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 9s. FISHES, Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum, By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &e.:— Vol. VII. Physostomi (Heterophygii, Cyprinidae, Gono- rnynchide, Hyodontide, Osteoglosside, Clupeidw#, Chiro- centridw, Alepocephalidw, Notopterid~, Halosauride). Pp. xx., 512. . Woodeuts. | [ With Ryesamagic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1868, 8vo0. 8s. | Vol. VIII. Physostomi (Gymnotide, Symbranchidw, Murw- nidw, Pegaside), Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, .Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. Pp. xxv., 549. [With Systematic and Alphabetical _ Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 88. 6d, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7 Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second edition: Vol. I. Catalogue of: the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. I. containing the Centrarchide, Percide, and Serranide (part), By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S._ Pp. xix., 894. Woodcuts and 15 plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| 1895, 8vo. 15s. List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part. Chondropterygii. By J.E. Gray. Pp.x., 160. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1851, 12mo. 3s. Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196., [With a Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo, 3s. 6d. Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. By J.J. Kaup, Ph.D., &. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates, [ With an Alphabetical Index.| 1856, 12mo. 2s. MOLLUSCA. Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusea in the British Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &e. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5s. List of the Shells of the Canaries in the Collection of the British Museum, collected by MM. Webb and Berthelot. Described “and figured by Prof. Alcide D’Orbigny in the “ Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries.” Pp. 32. 1854, 12mo., Is. List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the British Museum, collected by M. Ramon de la Sagra. Described by Prof. Alcide d Orbigny in the “ Histoire de Pile de Cuba.” Pp. 48. 1854, 12mo. Is. List of the Shells of South America in the Collection of the British Museum, Collected and described by M. Alcide D’Orbigny in the “ Voyage dans ’Amériqne Méridionale.” ~Pp. 89. 1854, L2mo. Dest; Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s. List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum, collected and deseribed by MM. Kydoux and Souleyet in the “ Voyage autour du Monde, exécuté pendant les. années “1836 et 1837, sur la Corvette ‘ La Bonite,’” and ia the * Histoire naturelle des Mollusques Ptéropodes.” Par MM. P. C. A. L. Rang et Souleyet. Pp.iv., 27. 1855, 12mo.8d. Catalogue of the Phaneropneumona, or. ‘Terrestrial Operculated Mollusca, i in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Pp. 324. [With an Alphabetical Fedex, 1852, 12mo., 5s.- 5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE .) ae Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Cyclophoride. Pp. 69, [With an Index.] 1850, 12mo, Is. 6d. | Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Col- lection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr, Louis Pfeiffer. Pp, iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Catalogue of the Auriculide, Proserpinide, and Truncatellide in the Collection of the British Museum, By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, Pp. iv., 150. Woodeuts. 1857, 12mo. 1s. 9d. List of the Mollusea in the Collection of the British Museum, By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Part I. Volutide. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. 6d. Part IT. Olivide. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo. Is. Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :— Part I. Veneride, Cyprinide, Glauconomide, and Petri- coladez. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s. | Part If. Petricolade (concluded); Corbiculade. Pp. 217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d. : BRACHIOPODA. Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. [Jssued as “ Catalogue of the Mollusca, Part 1V.”] Pp. iv.,12&8 25 Woodeuts. [ With an Alphabetical Index.] 18538, 12mo. 3s. ‘ POLYZOA. Catalogue of .Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum, Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.R.S. TP. Pm 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, vo. 5s. ; | CRUSTACEA, Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Leucosiade. By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6d. Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S., &e. Po, iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alpbabetical Index, | 1862, Sve. 1. ds. Bex: | BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 9 ARACHNIDA. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, based upon the Collection made by Kugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406. [With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895, 8vo. 10s. 6d. - MYRIOPODA. Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British Musum. By George Newport, F.R.S., P.E.S., &c. Part I, Chilopoda. Pp. iv., 96. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] 1856, 12mo. 1s. 9d. INSECTS. Coleopterous Insects. Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the _ British Museum :— Part IV. Cleride. By Adam White. Pp. 68. [With Index.] .1849, 12mo. Ls. 8d. . Part V. Cucujide, &c. By Frederick Smith. [Also issued as “ List of the Coleopterous Insects. Part 1.”] Pp. 26. 1851, 12mo. 6d. Part VI. Passalide. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23. 1 Plate [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. 8d. Part VII. Longicornia, 1. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Part IX. Cassidide. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index. ] 1856, 12mo. 3s. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycide. By Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16s. Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi. 254: 1 Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and * an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s. . Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xiti., 648. [With ‘Topographical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Catalogue of Halticide in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and Gdipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 1860, 8vo. 7s. 10 ‘LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Hispide in the Collection of the British Museum. By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &. Part I. Pp. x. 172. 9 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6s. FTymenopterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. :— Part II. Chalcidites. Additional Species, Appendix, Pp. iv., 99-287. 1848, 12mo. 2s, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo,:— Part I, Andrenide and Apide. Pp. 197, 6 Plates. 1853, 2s.6d. ~ Part [I. Apide. Pp, 199-465. 6 Plates. With an - Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s. Part III. Mutillide and Pompilide. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 1855, 6s. Part IV. Sphegide, Larride, and Crabronide. Pp. 207- 497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 6s. Part V. Vespide. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-- betical Index.] “1857, 6s. Part VI. Formicide. Pp. 216. 4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 6s. _Part VII. Dorylide \ and Thynnide, Pp. 76. 3. Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s, Descriptions of New Species. of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. [ With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10s. List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinide and Siricida. By W. F, Kirby. Pp. xxviii, 450.. 16 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical esa Ais: Svo. 1d, 18s. Dipterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects. in the Collection of the British Museum. , By Francis Walker, F.L.S. _12mo, :— Part [V. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts, and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 6s. Part VII. Supplement III. Asilide.. Pp. ii., 507-775. 1855, 38. Gd. © Lepidopterous Insects, Illustrations of Typical Specimens, of Lepidoptera Hoterocera i in the Collection of the British Museum :— Part 111. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviiis 82. 41-60 Coloured Plates. [With «a Systematic Index.] 1879, 4to. 27. 10s, rae wie BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11 Tllustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera —continued., Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii, 74. 78-100 Coloured Plates, [With a Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 22. 10s. . Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, Pp. xv. 89. 101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index. | 1886, 4to. 27. 4s. Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121-138 Coloured. Plates. [With a Systematic. List. | 1889, 4to. 27. Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144. 139-156 Coloured Plates. {With a Systematic List. | 1891, 4to. 22. Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176. Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon.j 1893, 4to. 21. 2s. Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyride in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., &e. Pp. vi. 211. 5 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index. 1868, 8vo. bs. 6d. Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., &.. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Specimen of a Cuthtborts of Lycenide in the British Museum. By W.C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 Coloured Plates, 1862, 4to. 1. 1s, List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Papilionide. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index. 7 1856, 12mo! 2s. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo.:— Part VI. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855, 3s. 6d. Part X. Noctuide. Pp. 253-491. 1856, 3s. 6d. Part XII... Pp. 765-982. | 1857, 3s. 6d. Part XIII. ————-__ Pp. 983-1236. 1857, 3s. 6d. Part XIV. —————_ Pp. 1237-1519. 1858, 4s. 6d. Part XV. —-—— Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.| 1858, 4s. 6d. Part XVI, Deltoides.. Pp. 253. 1858, 3s. 6d. Part XIX. Pyralides.. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts XVI.-XIX.] 1859, 3s. 6d. Part X XI. Geometrites.. Pp. 277-498. 1860, 3s. Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3s. 6d. Part XXIII. Pp. 756-1020, 1861, 3s, 6d, 12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects—continued. Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1862, 2s. 6d. Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862, 3s. Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. ‘[With an Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.=XXVI.] 1862, 4s. 6d. Part XXVIII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286. 1863, 4s. . Part XXVIII. ‘Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561. 1863, 4s. Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-885. 1864, 4s. Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts XXVIIL—XXX.] 1864, 4s. Part XXXI. Supplethent. Pp. 1-321. 1864, ds. Part XXXII. — Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 1865, Past XXXII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865, Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 1865, Part KXXY. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [ With sg Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI-~XXXV.] 1866, Neuropterous Insects. Catalogue ef the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— Part I. Phryganides—Perlides, Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 2s, 6d. Part lI. Sialide—Nemopterides. Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853, 3s. 6d. Part ILf. Termitide—Ephemeridx. Pp. ii., 477-585. 1858, ls. 6d, Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Col- lection of the British Museum, By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I. Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d. Orthopterous Insects. Catalogue of Orthopterous Inseets in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Phasmide. By Jobn Obadiah Westwood, F.LS. &. Pp. 195, 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 4to, 37. Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattaria in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 259. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.] and Supplement to the Blattarie in the Collection of the British Museum. Gryllide. Blattarie. Locustide. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index. | 1869, Rvo, 5s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13 Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e.— Part II. Locustide (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.| 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d. Part III. Locustide (continued).—Acridide. Pp. 425-604. [ With an Alphabetical Index.| 1870, 8vo. 4s. Part IV.. Acridide (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index.| 1870, 8vo. 6s. Part V. ‘Tettigide.—Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat- tariz.—Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850; 43; 116. [With Alpha- betical Indexes.| 1870, 8vo. 6s. Hemipterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By W.S. Dallus, F.L.S. Part II. Pp. 369-590. Plates 12-15. 1852, 12mo. 4s. Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. 8vo.:— Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5s. Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4s. Part Lil. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to Parts I., If., D1; and a Summary of Geographical Distribution of the Species mentioned.| 1868. 4s. 6d. Part IV. Pp. 211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871. 6s. Part V. Pp. 202. 1872. 5s. Part VI. Pp. 210. 1873. 3s. Part VII. Pp. 213. 1873. 6s. Part VIII. Pp. 220. 1872. 6s. 6d. Homopterous Insects. List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of _ the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Supplement. Pp. ii., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 4s. 6d. VERMES. Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, con- tained in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird, Pp. iv., 1382. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found ; and an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s. ANTHOZOA. Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariide in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 40. 2 Woodeuts. 1870, 8vo. ls. 6d. 14 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodeuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals .in the British Munioin (Natural History). Vol. I..The Genus .Madrepora. By George Brook. Pp. xi. 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, Explanation of Plates, and a Preface by Dr, Giinther.] 1893, 4to. 1/. 4s. BRITISH ANIMALS. Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. Pp. xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. Gd. Cnisisaus of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Secend edition. Part I, Andrenide and Apide. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi, 236. 11. Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicide, and Vespide in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s. A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L. Ed., Li.D. | Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &¢. ‘Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] 1865, 8vo. 7s. Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii. Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). {With ‘Table of ines tents, ‘Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Denney of the Plates, &c,} 1892, 8vo. 12s. 6d. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures, 12mo. :— Part I. Centroniw or Radiated Animals. By Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp, xiii, 178. 1848, 4s, Part IV. Crustacea, By A. White. Pp. iv., 141.) (With an Index.) 1850, 2s, 6d. | Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Hdition. By H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv., 224. 1856, 1s, Od. Part VI. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. Pp, 134, 1851, 28. Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda, By. Dr. J, KE. Gray. Pp. iv,, 167. 1851, 3s. 6d. _ BRITISH MUSEUM '(NATURAL HISTORY). 15 List of the Specimens of British Animals—continued. Part Vill. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164. (With Index and List of Donors.) 1851, 3s. 6d: Part IX. Eggs of British Birds. By George Robert Gray. Pp. 148. 1852, 2s. 67. Part XJ. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. Pp.iv., 51. 1852, 1s. Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued.) By James F. Stephens, Pp. iv., 54, 1852, 9d. Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera, By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853, 1s. 4d. Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853, 6d. Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam White. _, PP. iV, 42.' 1853, 1s... Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H.'T. Stainton. Pp. 199. [With an Index.] 1854, 3s. Part XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, Kuplexoptera, and Orthoptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 17. 1855, 6d. PLANTS. A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain: being « Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British . _ Museum. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, M.A., F.L.S., ~ BGS. &e. Part, I. Pp. viii, 519: 74 Woodcuts. [With Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.] 1894, 8vo. 16s. A Monograph of the Mycetozoa : being a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum. By . Arthur Lister, F.L.S: Pp. 224. 78 Plates and 51 Woodcuts. | With Synopsis of Genera and List of Species, and Index. | 1894, 8vo. 15s. “List of British Diatomacex in the Collection of the British Museum, By the Rey. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55.1859, 12mo. 1s. FOSSILS. Catalogtie of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History).. By Richard Lydekker, b.A., F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insec- tivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268. 33 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. | 1885, 8vo. 5s. Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artio- dactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 89 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.| 1885, 8vo. 6s. Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Peris- sodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. Pp. 16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia—continued. xvi., 186. 30 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms,] 1886, 8vo. 4s. Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probos- cidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Si- renia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345, 55 Woodeuts, [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, inciuding ‘Synonyms. ] 1887, 8vo. 6s, Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368. 75 Woodcuts. [ With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). By bane: Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S.:— Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria, Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Spevies, incteeng Synonyms.| 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part Il. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sau- ropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodeuts. [With Syste- matic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part III, Containing the Order Chelonia, Pp. xviii. 239). 53 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. ] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part ITV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata, Caudata, and Labyr inthodontia; and Supplement. Pp. xxiii., 295. 66 Woedcuts. [With Systematic Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, ineluding Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Pega and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural Histery). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S.:-- Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii, Pp. xlvii., 474. 13 Woodeuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]. 1889, 8vo. 21s. Part Il. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holo- cephali, Le -hthfodorulites, Ostragodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo- stomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 458 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 21s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISYORY). 17 Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes—continued. Part III. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the Orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli, Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Pp. xlii., 544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, . an Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1895, 8vo ls Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Kocene Mullusca in the British Museum (N atural History), with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, F.G.8.. Pp. xxviii., 365.. [With table of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlsition-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con- sisting of the families Orthoceratide, Endoceratide, Actino- ceratide, Gomphoceratide, Ascoceratide, Poterioceratide, Cyrtoceratide, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. ] 1888, 8vo. 10s. 6d, Part II. Containing the remainder of the Subopdes Nauti-« loidea, consisting of the families Lituitide, Trochoceratide, Nautilide, and ‘Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood- cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. ] 1891, 8vo. 15s. _ A. Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155... [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s, Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of. the morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the Departmert of Geology, British Museum (Natural History), and,» P. Herbert. Carpenter, D.Sc,, F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton College). [With Preface by Dr.,,H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] Pp. xv., 822. 20 Plates. 1886, 4 to. 25s. Catalogue of the Fossil. Sponges in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new and little. known species. By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp, viii, 248. 38, Plates. [With a Tabular List. of Species, arranged in Zoological, and Stratigraphical sequence, and an Alphabetical Index] 1883, 4to, 1/. 10s. 0 89533. 3 B is LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum (Natural History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., &e. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes,] 1882, Svo. &s. Catalogue of the Palwozoic Plants in the Department of Geolo and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii, 288. [With a list of works quoted, and an Index.|] 1886, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). The Wealden Flora. By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer in Botany, Cambridge. | Part I. Thallophyta—Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179: 17 Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Preface byDr. Woodward, Alphabetical Index of Genera, Species, &c., Explanations of the Plates, &c.| 1894, 8vo, 10s, ) Part Il. Gymnosperme. Pp. viii. 259. 9 Woodcuis and 20 Plates. [With Alphabetieal Index, Explanations of the’ Plates, &e.] 1895, 8vo. 15s, GUIDE-BOOKS. (To be obtained only at the Museum.) . A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromweli Road, London, S.W. [By W.H. Flower.] With 2 Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 80. 1895, 8vo. 3d. be Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological, Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition, Pp. 126. 57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1894, 8vo. 6d, Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 3rd Edition. Pp. iv.,119, 101 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. Index. 18938, 8vo. 6d. _ Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusea, Echinoder- mata, Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv., 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan, 1888, 8vo.4d. A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8.W. [New Edition, By Henry Woodward. |— Part I, Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp. xii., 103, 119 Woodeuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d. Part II. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates. Pp, xii, 109. 94 Woodeuts and 1 Plan, 1890, 8yo. 6d, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19 “Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of Geology and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward. | 2nd Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888 8vo. 4d. “Guide to Sowerby’s Models of British Fungi in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Worthington ‘G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts. With Table’ of Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. 4d. ‘Guide tothe British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 Woodcuts. Index. 1895, 8vo. 3d. _A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp 32. Plan. 1895, 8vo. ld. _.An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. By L. Fletcher. Pp. 120, With numerous Diagrams, « Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index. 1895, 8vo. 6d. “The Student’s Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum (Natural History). [New Edition.] Pp. 33. Witha Plan of the Mineral Gallery. 1895, 8vo, 2d. .An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 94. [Witha Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to .the Meteorites represented in the Collection.| 1894, 8vo. 6d. ‘An Introduction to the Study of Rocks. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 118. [With plan of the Mineral Gallery, table of Contents, _ .and Index.] 1895, 8vo. 6d. W. H. FLOWER, Director. ‘British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8.W, December Ist, 1895, eae i eames aoa Ue £ hoe ie | Sepa Tete HP gait ime ume F re, Ane ie BEB K. v xlbat inti Be ry ae “e > Ye Aegat ent a8 sdk. sty ris cyetht 4 Yo : te da: AS ei Sargenio Ve alt: “deawra otter wins) A ney eh | aide habit Set aH BE rae Oy eho Pealeet Tee ees eB, Bate a pti. tae bt str rage asl nde hares. GONE “I 31 fl : wie Lo (edbeed eee coftgrates HE fata VAY ee sua: iff Le = Rast. eae ‘yf VF RORE sia Po > BH9B0! ¥ rr “a 1 ferme minoagtlh hala iy vil. ie Wepstla<) ‘leetS aos a SE gBOBL) cishl i: “WSS J) hoe ail) ot ati ipalichrin plovsesd ey A A (create: leanne. asi ‘< aa - in s 4 ¥ cS ar tS el a Seats eR ba Pi rll ine ~ aaltoay a, ” at 7 * ; sd a a te tenet prt We a ae Gao hao | 2 Ti ee v Ls 2081 “edt $6, veht. Z ‘bie eairootele ‘to hase of Ms 5a 5 Lrorotelt st yt 4 silo’) eds,” aibs Ds aR MLS a bua, crsltes ‘ete! Mi ont i: “a ORO Love ee | -pobialta’) ody 1 ey) Bee aif rofotel” 1 x yay pho 4 pik ; 5 Yi Aas “iS de aga aaah x att in Joelle ae byes otha eee _- | hae > * - ». ( ayy = oy : zor hase LAO, nia, & ) Nar eer od is Cx" ev th. er 5 Oly ON RO Be eo ee \» tafe eee 2 : ‘ yl ig may ‘ vty}. 5 ¥54 ’ bi la is ene aie i a, 4 “ at s lie a4 : Rell int : ~My ; -. . - ' - y a 4 yt y ve 7 * ‘ ‘4 p * _ “y . ae Rta ir eta Sa o* ¥ F a ¥ f 38682 ~ Zool British Museum (Nat.Hist.) Reptilia Dept. of Zoology B Catalogue of the snakes vol.3 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY a ae ae é in RBSG Not wanted 1m XB: rt : z .t - : hey : ik tht - } a IAIN MARTH EN RRR " ct at HANA Ny it wt hs i tht Ww st i shy A my it i aa i \ Mit WN hy i uh i RR \ \ wih Te Gn ahhh ih yh TVs Rit Pri atte ahaha lata tyne has | ih th Desire i Pa ky rahe at “1 a) MAAR aR COME AAO TeNMTeSUE NASM RCEEGAS CTRL EER ein TRCUEH a! rite} Seti) 5] Th. 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