Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. nUnre Ly sipeei ~ “co 2 CHANGES IN BENEWAH COUNTY FOREST STATISTICS by Paul D. hemp Se. z ne Vy eH Vey Northern > Rocky Mountain Forest © Range Exocriment tation Missoula Montana Chas. L.Tebbe, Director UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE STATION PAPER NO. 6 JULY 1947 Prepared by the DIVISION OF FOREST ECONOMICS M. B. Dickerman, Chief The field work on which these ccunty sta- tistics are based was done by the follow- ing: Laurence W. Zach Edmund Lowe John L. Timm Alfred Dunn James Anderson Russell Miller Gerald Diettert William Scribner Donald Douglas Howard Waldron The office compilations were made by L. W. Zach, M. E. Metcalf, C. W. Brown, and H.Jd. Pissot. CHANGES IN BENEWAH COUNTY FOREST STATISTICS By Paul D. Kemp July 1947 Foreword . CONTENTS Sammie y Gt 2eNGeMrS fos ss 8 Se ee sw le te Ue el ew Forest area . - [pint G ree ON UNG uronic elie Welmieitiel fet felis el ve. Set i te, (eee! (eh er Ge Liste) 'e tO Ms) (GILT) ee eC mcr “aM toiieba chore! ie) “sled ic) ae deere vd ets rm pee Letoremme ee “BRET a a ‘Gin ivege ba 46 eke enue emu hor xodmittwae. ‘ sowie woud iio yd balgacels Lanett a a ek TRBRT “BROIL Salo ads ‘baa sks. pg ee ae i Letsrommo eid to ddwows tact~otdio Lani eae | fiaata bos sel eine oo eteerot Perey ae a ere ie Pen » SOL apato Es bo tenmo9 40 emery. Seen ie caverns’ Sell buate bis seldegs goats Bert ud edaeto? Me Go CRAIN SD Me iw a an tee { SHOL «aaa {eter readi-to8) Atwory | apie ney fanee) gaon Gta, slit ad Sipuleg wAnet ta “ baat | airy : wee tee Ao, Lolo sein) ean: ay CHANGES IN BENEWAH COUNTY FOREST STATISTICS By Paul D. Kemp Foreword The McSweeney-McNary Forest Research Act of May 22, 1928, authorized and directed the Secretary of Agriculture, in cooperation with state and private agencies, to make a comprehensive nation-wide survey of forest resources. The objective of the survey was to assemble whatever information was considered necessary to provide ways and means of bal- ancing the timber budget of the United States. The Secretary of Agri- culture delegated the authority to the Forest Service, which assigned the task to the several regional forest experiment stations. The study was designed to include 5 major phases: (1) an inventory of the extent and condition of forest lands, of timber supplies and of other forest products; (2) a determination of current and potential growth on forest land; (3) a determination of current drain resulting from cutting and other factors; (4) a determination of present consump- tion and estimated future requirements for timber and other forest products; and (5) an analysis of the facts for the purpose of formulat- ing national policies to improve the forest situation. In 1932 the Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station initiated county-by-county surveys of the forests in North Idaho and northeastern Washington. By 1941, Idaho north of Salmon River, Montana west of the Continental Divide, three northeastern Washington counties, and 3 eastern Montana counties had been covered. The results of these surveys have been published and are available upon request. The initial field survey of Benewah County, Idaho, was completed in 1932-33. The findings of this study were reported in Forest Survey Re- lease No. 8, Forest Statistics, Benewah County, Idaho, issued by the Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station in Septem- ber, 1937. In 1943-44, eleven years-after the initial field survey, a resurvey was made to determine what changes had occurred. The follow- ing report summarizes the data obtained in the resurvey. 34 eOrtervaTe Teadoy TrMoo ee que a ved i _besixedtue 88eL A hee ‘to. rer fornocel Liens a eared Rete ebesaneiy ae a enw earrue old ho: oe \ iad, to anaem bas ayaw ebivotg of YIsaeenen | been. mtisA Yo yratetped eft, .eedad® betinv end to tegh . aenatnee doidw ,sotviee daemod eld od ytinonddue, ot ,anrottate seins Sit Abe Sante) titshiy ons 0 Heb ieway ae. 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[piving, ot wetta-sigey csevele. be ShOL Dy -wollst ed? < .bermmoo bet eegnedo) ¢edw emiamered od: ebam | — wer at ccna winl cu pet bmussnrney Summary of Findings Forest Area Benewah County, located in the central part of North Idaho, has a gross area of 504,000 acres and a gross land area of 497,000 acres. Approxi- mately 404,000 acres or 81 percent of the gross land area is classified as forest land; 397,000 acres is classified as commercial forest land. COMMERCIAL FOREST LAND y Kose Hin a HM Ae Au ult ] setae CecceeeIscseve t,o wee ee eecescces wes eee Since 1933 there has been a decrease of 4,000 acres of commercial forest lend. These changes have resulted from land clearing and shifts from noncommercial to commercial forest land through more land becoming eco- nomically exploitable than previously anticipated. Durirg the ll-year period there have been significant changes in the composition of the forests. The area occupied by pole stands decreased from 35 to 21 percent; the deforested area increased from 10 to 19 per- cent; and the area occupied by seedling-sapling stands increased from 20 to 26 percent. Although the sawtimber stand area is approximately the same as in1933, there have been significant changes in distribution and composition. The remaining stands are much less concentrated in large blocks; western white pine and ponderosa pine constitute only 21 percent of the sawtimber stand volume in contrast with 41 percent in 1933. There have also been outstanding changes in forest types. The area occupied by the western white pine type decreased 107,000 acres (from 160,000 to 58,000); the ponderosa pine type area decreased 71,000 acres (from 106,000 to 35,000); and the larch-Douglas-fir type decreased 3,000 acres (from 62,000 to 59,000). These three types occu- pied only 46 percent of the stocked commercial forest area in 1944 in contrast with 92 percent in 1933. All other types occupied appreciably more area in 1944 than in 1933, particularly Douglas-fir, hardwoods, and hemlock-grand fir types. The change in the acreage of forest types is attributable to three prin- cipal factors: (1) the concentration of cutting in the prized species - white pine, ponderosa pine, and cedar; (2) the encroachment of the more aR debra. @ Ban Orla e PO strorggd sero (O00 VOs | hetiiewels af rene baal anon: ont a | toreore 16 oe | ihivoet Saeto? mete nonin ae dibusepaet et | . Bi, ) “+ cc Ke sh i of ite ‘ ih daetot tht oremioo ‘te eoxoa 000, te. Penae's 8 mort etiite bas gaireelo final mort bedlvasx even ope yaimosed Saal prom ‘igvowds foal daetot Tator ih Diab a fe Raauseabias h: Fouae-eh aeiaba prt 7 meant oe ; ‘meq Of of OL mort begaerom! sets bat nape ode mort beasotont ebnata ant tqea~ tibees xd: . Bt anh! “ietantxomgqa af sere boete sedmidwes ont Haron tA taeda as bi Meitudintelh at eegnatio trot bag Le. aged Soran, ‘terkd & @, ae Poe at betesdtireonos ‘geet Atm O18 Kade ss NN IR yioo edutitenco emg) sao’ at taisos8¢ fh ddiw taextio ig edt .seave Peetot ot” ‘peyitado. | hh metas O00 VOL heesoroeb | egut ech’ chy hendetoeh!: ‘pene egyt etttd ‘sacredio oqyy tt-eslguod-dorvel edt «G90 seqyt eeitdd saenl §. (000,86 o1 $0. dros’ “Bh S261 BE ttc Li ighdsts Eeiorenmon ve ose ond mltg eetdd oF oldabuetdinda | ‘n fea ~ satouge bestiq odd int gntediro he Brom exit Bo asain! end ha : tolerant hemlock, grand fir, and Douglas-fir upon areas formerly domi- nated by white pine and ponderosa pine; and (3) somewhat more refined methods of classification in 1944 than in 1933 that resulted in factor- ing out small areas of alien types which in the 1933 survey were classi- fied into one of the three then prevailing types - white pine, ponderosa pine, and larch-Doughas-fir. Timber Volume Sawtimber volume in 1944 totaled 1,870 MM board feet (Scribner), an all- species decrease of 410 MM feet in the preceding eleven years. The vol- ume of six species was less in 1944 than in 1933; the volume of the re- maining species increased. The 1944 volumes by species expressed as a percentage of the 1933 volumes were as follows: white pine 27, ponder- osa pine 66, western larch 83, western redcedar 75, Engelmann spruce 32, lodgepole pine 86, Douglas-fir 137, grand fir 120, western hemlock 327, hardwoods 1,260. Distribution of the sawtimber volume was as follows: : 1933 : 1944 Stand-size class : MM Bd. Ft. (Scribner) pawtamber stands... « .« s 1,847 1,706 *“Pole standS .. «ss « « 432 150 *Seedling-sapling stands . 1 14 Total . . . . . . . es Arr S18, 1,870 *Volume of trees 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger. 2,280,000,000 Board Feet Pole, Seed ling & Sapling Stands 433,000, 000 Board Feet 4870,000,000 Board Feet 1933 1944 aris ern: rises ise ie ai kaiael Panipat care ‘tom! bide geet o spe 5 aw angus seonebaog vettka ‘abet - nae anes every i “tie ee. (vonsts02) Soot | Kaaei MN: Ong, Belated ane she SiebodeTg oft ab dest. MM Oe wert odd ‘to ouutor ane 2B8eL Be ely PPR) oe teoqe yo eemmioy SSCL eat!) awshood es. esky ‘gabe at sewollo | iat § Whe eoutgs nitdifegad ue f | Dion se ei bpiahceiss 08%, ae yal ‘bhe Audet 5 inn ( AeA HASSA O09 OOHRS Growth and Drain Gross annual growth of merchantable sawtimber trees (based on the 1934- 44 period) before allowances for cutting and mortality averaged 45 MM board feet (Scribner). Mortality (fire, insects, disease, etc.) aver- aged 15 MM feet, leaving a net annual growth before deducting for com- modity uses of 30 MM feet annually from 1940-44. The net effect of all drain and growth during the past 5 years has resulted in a reduction of the forest resource at the rate of 42 MM feet annually in contrast with an average annual reduction of 37 MM feet from 1929-33. Gross board- foot growth has been decreasing since 1933 because of reduction in the sawtimber growing stock. Mortality, however, has been decreasing at about the same rate because of lowered fire losses and the reduction of the area occupied by decadent stands. Net annual growth before allow- ance for commodity drain has remained relatively constant at from 30 to 55 MM feet. GROSS ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL DRAIN Commodity eee 44,000, 000 70,000,000 Board Fee? | py Fy Board Feerf 1929-33 1929-33 45,000,000 Board Feet Commod/# 72,000,000 Board Feet \/5MM Bd. Fr 1940-45 1940-45 =m 4) Survey Method The initial survey in 1932-33 was made by the compilation method and gave very detailed statistics on the forest resource at that time 1/. A type map was also prepared. Since the cost of repeating periodically such a survey to obtain current statistics would be prohibitive a samp- ling method was designed and followed on the resurvey in 1943-44, Brief- ly, this consisted in taking data on about 4,000 1/20-acre plots five chains apart along parallel cruise lines, spaced three miles apart and disposed in a north-south direction. Because of the differences in methodology the results of the two surveys are indicative of significant trends rather than of actual interim changes. A check between the all-species volume as derived from the sampling method and the 1933 estimates adjusted for interim growth and drain in- dicated a very close correlation, 1,870 million and 1,827 million board feet, respectively. However, there were marked differences in volumes by species, as shown by the following comparisons: 1944 : 1933. survey : Species : resurvey : adjusted :Correlation :Million board feet, Scribner: factor 2 Western white pine 143.1 258.5 0.6 Ponderosa pine 248.5 re 0.9 Western larch 394.5 457.4 0.9 Douglas-fir 537.6 364.1 1.5 Grand fir Bate ah 230.0 12 Western redcedar 158.3 147.2 1 al Western hemlock 50.2 19.0 2.6 Engelmann spruce 9.7 25.1 0.4 Lodgepole pine 42.0 67.4 0.6 Hardwoods 6.3 Disa: 6.35 Total 1,869.9 1,826.5 1.0 1/7 The results of this survey are reported in Forest Survey Release No. 8, Forest Statistics Benewah County, Idaho, issued by the Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station in September, 1937. 2/ The 1944 resurvey volumes divided by the adjusted 1933 volumes. Eee een cs) phaines don gk iva tt ene ya8, i “brs mot LE OF8L Ree ack mb seonsiet ith pevias etam paige Toe weaen On Yovur ntedtiol edt ae BE! sodumtqad’ x. Fatt Py tin Appendix BENEWAH COUNTY, IDAHO Table 1 - Total area by major uses, 1944 Type of land Forest land: Commercial Noncommercial Total forest land Nonforest land: Cultivated, pasture, grass Townsites Brush Barren Roads and railroads Total nonforest land Total land area Water area Grand total, land and water area re, Area M acres ‘ Percent 393 97 Jil =o) 404 80 86 93 al 1 il iL 2 2 e728 = 93 18 497 98 t 7 504 100 Dee zest 16 sank ih tixeoved | | ie aya Uae a ¥ i Wu : per BENEWAH COUNTY, IDAHO Table 2 - Commercial forest land by forest t 1/, stand class and cutting condition, 1944 > : Cutting condition Forest type : Stand class : Partially fae s cut Uncut Total ---- eee ee eee Acres=- -----------=- Western white pine Sawt imber 4,349 9,785 14,134 Pole 6,040 12,80h, 18, Sl, Seedling-sapling 8,818 10,509 19,327 Total 19,2 098 2,30 Ponderosa pine Sawtimber 7,006 9,470 16,476 (Pure) Pole 1,812 1,933 3,745 Seedling-sapling 3,503 1,449 4,952 Total 12,321 12,852 25,173 Ponderosa pine Sawtimber 1,933 1,227 6,160 (Mixed ) Pole eg ee ee Seedling-sapling sales AL Total ) 10,2 Larch-Douglas-fir Sawtimber 10,846 17,394 28,240 Pole 3, Tbs 12,683 16,427 Seedling-sapling 7,248 7,248 14,496 Total 21,838 37,325 59,163 Hemlock=grand fir Sawtimber 10,749 6,644, 17,393 Pole 7,489 3,866 ILS Seedling-sapling sg URyalyg 7,489 19,206 Total 29 1 7 Douglas-fir Sawtimber 14,604, 15,276 29,880 Pole 5 436 6,040 ae Seedling-sapling 10,267 8,799 19,0 Total 30,307 30,115 0,422 Engelmann spruce Sawtimber 242 242 48h Pole 121 121 a Seedling-sapling 242 121 363 Total 605 48h, 1,089 Lodgepole pine Sawtimber yal 1,009 2,580 Pole 4,590 3,141 Hie Seedling-sapling fase 2,2 02 Total 10,2 2445 16,713 Western redcedar Sawtimber 6,230 2,899 9,129 Pole 2,295 25295 4,590 Seedling-sapling 5 315 31503 8,818 Total 13,840 8,697 22,537 Cedar-grand fir Sawtimber 4,349 4,107 8,456 Pole 2,053 2,536 4,589 Seedling-sapling 4,711 Ol 7,730 Total 11,113 9,662 20,775 Hardwood Sawtimber 24,2 1,83 725 Pole 121 121 242 Seedling-sapling a 1,208 1,691 Total 1,812 2,658 All stocked types Sawtimber 62,121 71,536 133,657 Pole 3h 5547 nee ere 5 Seedling-sapling 58,102 10, Total 154,770 re, 58 TGR Nonstocked burns 34,909 Nonstocked cutovers 8,56 Total 3.47 Grand Total 392 534 1/ Definition of forest types, terms, etc. are covered in the appendix, 2/ Sawtimber stands partially cut but retaining sawtimber characteristics; pole and seedling-sapling stands that remained after cutting or became established following cutting. Mais BENEWAH COUNTY, IDAHO Table 3 - Commercial forest oats by forest type and site class at Forest type and stocked Site class es ee a \--- 2-2" "eee eee Acres] Sei) =) a Western white pine Stocked 19,206 13,168 14,011 4,832 1,088 - 52,305 Nonstocked 2,658 4,469 3,986 1,570 242 - 12,925 Ponderosa pine (pure) Stocked 966 2,656 abl Faleak 7,006 2,900 484 25,173 Nonstocked 121 242 PAR SOY | 2,935 241 - 6,076 Ponderosa pine (mixed) Stocked 604 1,570 3,504 3,623 966 = 10,267 Nonstocked ~ 1,933 eal 7,852 966 - 23,072 Larch-Douglas-fir Stocked 14,374 16,790 19,543 7,127 1,329 - 59,163 Nonstocked 604 4,348 9,422 4,107 - - 18,481 Hemlock-grand fir Stocked 5,195.) 13,287 21,381 7,489 604 - 47,954 Nonstocked - 362 846 - - - 1,208 Dougles-fir Stocked 5,919 9,060 22,328 18,404 4,711 - 60,422 Nonstocked - 362 4,107 3,865 846 = 9,180 Engelmann spruce Stocked 242 363 363 121 - - 1,089 Nonstocked ~ - 12% - ~ - 121 Lodgepole pine Stocked 6,083 6,523 4,107 - - - 16), 713 Nonstocked 121 aipzak 121 - - - 363 Western redcedar Stocked 2,052 4,349 10 ,096 5,436 604 ~ 22,557 Nonstocked - 604 - - - - 604 Cedar-grand fir Stocked 2,778 7,368 7,126 2,779 724 - 20,775 Nonstocked - 483 483 - - - 966 All coniferous types Stocked 57,417) 75,154 US,620 | 56.817 _ 125926 484 316 ,398 Nonstocked 3,504 12,924 33,944 20,329 2,295 - 72,996 Total 60,921 7 88 ,058)) 1475564) 477,146 ~ 15,e2) 484 389,394 Herdwood type Stocked 2,658 Nonstocked 482 Grand total 392,534 1/ Exclusive of hardwood type which is not classified by site. mins Ta via AWE est r © Oh bist wntes at | or ihr Aer mipsmi Lab | besootan sebad be SNE Rt MET RM aR glint ORAS IRAE SLID er iter gorge ban On hese Hay Ls peed pe A TI tA hd thagmpeoRes HCA. 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Stocked Commercial Forest Areas with generally 3 or 4 thousand board feet We (depending upon forest type and regional practice) of sawtimber per acre; or areas that are more than 10 percent stocked with poles, seedlings, or sap- lings. Commercial stands are grouped into 10 forest types as follow: Western white pine - Stands in which western white pine constitutes 20 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. This type is given priority over all others. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre. Ponderosa pine - Stands in which ponderosa pine constitutes 25 per- cent or more of the total net cubic volume. This type is given priority over all others except white pine. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 3 thousand board feet per acre. Larch-Douglas-fir - Stands in which larch and Douglas-fir consti- tute 75 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. At least 10 percent of the total volume is larch. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre. Hemlock-grand fir - Stands in which hemlock and grand fir, either separately or combined, constitute 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is gen- erally 4 thousand board feet per acre. Douglas-fir - Stands in which Douglas-fir constitutes 60 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre. Engelmann spruce - Stands in which Engelmann spruce constitutes 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre. 7 All references to board-foot volume are in Scribner rule standards. 2a) 2 ee .oldt 800 ail | eflectmorone bas ON ani Ve cian wy { i i torts puisdidel) Xt deat “belleg bean aes Logitaedlt mo en eq Diener Ss Eo Ns te a ai gies aidt i | ) medmiswae | be tot enor mucha byl oo es pitti mee ne Peete if if nevig af eqyt efit .omrlov ripe gel utah Borge pagh eben og aseaeeat hive Renad data ae tenet tA. mauctow wit tap i ig eae ea 0. mont emt) Loe saga ‘eAT wordre att biter Serve houteiad: es LaSOo ‘ode to ettomt 10) dasokg O8 agus mites 2 I bade hedmitwen cee om lov mus ty : = € ‘ daeoreq. OB. peiaktaane or -eefguol Ho bely a iol menus £ Loy crate 0 Lodgepole pine - Stands in which lodgepole pine constitutes 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum vol- ume for a sawtimber stand is generally 3 thousand board feet per acre. Western redcedar - Stands in which western redcedar constitutes 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre or 8 cedar poles per acre. Cedar-grand fir - Stands in which western redcedar and grand fir, either separately or combined, constitute 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre or 8 cedar poles per acre. Cottonwood - Stands in which northern black cottonwood constitutes 50 percent or more of the total net cubic volume. The minimum volume for a sawtimber stand is generally 4 thousand board feet per acre. Commercial stands are also grouped into 3 classes according to size of trees predominating. These are: Sawtimber stands - Stands in which a plurality of the total net cubic volume is in trees of sawtimber size and that generally average 5 or 4 thousand board feet of sawtimber volume per acre, excluding cedar poles. White pine, ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, western redcedar, and cottonwood trees 11.0 inches in diam- eter and larger at breast height are classed as sawtimber. For the other species, trees 13.0 inches and larger are classed as sawtimber. Pole stands - Stands in which a plurality of the total net cubic volume is in trees from 5.0 inches in diameter to sawtimber size. Seedling-sapling stands - Stands in which a plurality of the total net cubic volume is in trees less than 5.0 inches in diam- eter. Nonstocked Commercial Forest Land Nonstocked cutover - Unimproved, logged areas which at the date of mapping generally averaged less than 3 or 4 thousand board feet per acre, and less than 10 percent stocked with poles and/or seed- lings and saplings. =22=< oie pala ° obde his yin a tly . Nonstocked burn - Unimproved lands deforested by fire which at the date of mapping generally averaged less than 3 or 4 thousand board feet per acre, and less than 10 percent stocked with poles and/or seedlings and saplings. NONCOMMERCIAL FOREST LAND Withdrawn from timber use - Land capable of producing commercial timber and economically accessible, now or prospectively, but reserved from cutting. Chiefly valuable for purposes other than timber production - Subalpine and other forest land which, because of low productivity or extreme in- accessibility, appears to be permanently out of the commercial timber- producing class. aon ) ghd te de tay aah brated Sasavoks’ $ ne\bas aalog’ sidiw boxe i neces e ued venigledwe - sot su boty it SatetexKe TO. towbs i My Ce he Te a fi Hae LIST OF PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS IN THIS SERIES Station Paper No. i *A preliminary study of root diseases in western white pine, by John Ehrlich, October 1939. 2 *Possibilities of partial cutting in young western white pine, by E. F. Rapraeger, January 1940. 3 Blister rust control in the management «f western white pine, by Kenneth P. Davis and Virgil D. Moss, June 1940. = Possibilities of wood-pulp production in the northern Rocky Mountain region, by E. F. Rapraeger, March 1941. 5 Results to date of studies of the durability of native woods treated -and untreated, by C. N. Whitney, revised January 1946. *Cut of print. Loan copies may be obtained upon request. ‘ i Ait Z S Seren Se SS