ae te Tas peek purfect ae . = ivoaas a saan’ : : 3 i Stef s Pont 5} = 7 sane weer at ay a een ase Eaderipnlrte test ea Ses shes sect re Saw . - . Te Sei pts Lariat ier Stat ae ey =p ve D hls Fo8 arnt 9 ep res die anal eee Rate tence? a oak z eo re areal aeiny Dintadietudl Sec. fae Z ” SS eeinetain Satine eka dae ee E See Soe MANE TEP SOS hate TA Re OP 3 fat tag PIR oe ceccces . ms = ~ : ~ anes UTE pM Oe he TE Ne wa RS eee oN Seat oe ROE Re a ce al : 3 Seite See Eee TES ett so SS Se ek < a areas Sees a meg e ey ur age Sree 3 etre M See nae kon goes Sata aC legates Fi Fats Sa SNe Ine? RAST ace idl ae tial s vet opr ; now a * See Fe wis Mee si "s Kena sas eae Sse Paine we 7 < E ys eth a Pin st ORE abi PSA ET oe ee Oe ~ is ten ee = LIBRARY ts ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM o ie am Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/checklistofamphiOOlogi Q , ‘, a OY hea a AP pe it, ir Check List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Canada and Alaska 4 a ee { 45 Contribution No. 53 LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM TORONTO E. B.S. LOGIER & G.c. TONER Check List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Canada and Alaska A revision of Contribution No. 41 1961 THE ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM Copyright 1961 by The Royal Ontario Museum Designed by Frank Newfeld, M.T.D.C., N.D.D. PRINTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Contents Introduction to Second Edition, J Introduction to First Edition, 3 Class AMPHIBIA Order Caudata, Salamanders, J 1 FAMILY PROTEIDAE, /1/ Necturus maculosus maculosus Mudpuppy, 1 FAMILY AMBYSTOMIDAE, IJ] Dicamptodon ensatus Pacific Giant Salamander, J/ Ambystoma gracile gracile Brown Salamander, J1 Ambystoma gracile decorticatum British Columbia Salamander, /2 Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson Salamander, 12 Ambystoma laterale Blue-spotted Salamander, 12 Ambystoma macrodactylum Long-toed Salamander, 14 Ambystoma maculatum Spotted Salamander, 14 Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander, 16 Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli Gray Tiger Salamander, 16 Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum Blotched Tiger Salamander, 16 FAMILY SALAMANDRIDAE, 16 Diemictylus viridescens viridescens Red-spotted Newt, 16 Diemictylus viridescens louisianensis Central Newt, 19 Taricha granulosa granulosa Northern Rough-skinned Newt, 19 FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE, 20 Desmognathus fuscus fuscus Northern Dusky Salamander, 20 Plethodon cinereus cinereus Red-backed Salamander, 20 Plethodon vehiculum Western Red-backed Salamander, 22 Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander, 22 Ensatina eschscholtzi oregonensis Oregon Salamander, 22 Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphyriticus Northern Spring Salamander, 24 Aniedes ferreus Clouded Salamander, 24 Eurycea bislineata bislineata Northern Two-lined Salamander, 24 Order Salientia, Toads and Frogs, 26 FAMILY ASCAPHIDAE, 26 Ascaphus truei truei Oympic Tailed Frog, 26 Ascaphus truei montanus Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog, 26 FAMILY PELOBATIDAE, 26 Scaphiopus bombifrons Plains Spadefoot, 26 Scaphiopus hammondi intermontanus Great Basin Spadefoot, 26 FAMILY BUFONIDAE, 27 Bufo boreas boreas Boreal Toad, 27 Bufo cognatus Great Plains Toad, 28 Bufo americanus americanus American Toad, 29 Bufo americanus copei Hudson Bay Toad, 31 Bufo woodhousei fowleri Fowler’s Toad, 32 Bufo woodhousei hemiophrys Dakota Toad, 32 FAMILY HYLIDAE, 34 Acris gryllus crepitans Northern Cricket Frog, 34 Hyla crucifer crucifer Northern Spring Peeper, 34 Hyla regilla Pacific Treefrog, 34 Hyla versicolor versicolor Eastern Gray Treefrog, 36 Pseudacris nigrita triseriata Western Chorus Frog, 36 Pseudacris nigrita septentrioralis Boreal Chorus Frog, 36 FAMILY RANIDAE, 39 Rana catesbeina Bullfrog, 39 Rana clamitans melanota Green Frog, 40 Rana septentrionalis Mink Frog, 41 Rana sylvatica Wood Frog, 42 Rana pipiens Leopard Frog, 44 Rana palustris Pickerel Frog, 46 Rana aurora aurora Northern Red-legged Frog, 46 Rana pretiosa pretiosa Western Spotted Frog, 48 Class REPTILIA Order Chelonia, 49 FAMILY CHELYDRIDAE, 49 Chelydra serpentina serpentina Common Snapping Turtle, 49 FAMILY KINOSTERNIDAE, 50 Sternotherus odoratus Stinkpot, 50 FAMILY EMYDIDAE, 50 Clemmys guttata Spotted Turtle, 50 Clemmys marmorata marmorata Northwestern Pond Turtle, 5/ Clemmys insculpta Wood Turtle, 51 Emys blandingi Blanding’s Turtle, 52 Graptemys geographica Map Turtle, 52 Chrysemys picta picta Eastern Painted Turtle, 53 Chrysemys picta marginata Midland Painted Turtle, 54 Chrysemys picta belli Western Painted Turtle, 54 FAMILY CHELONIDAE, 55 Chelonia mydas agassizi Pacific Green Turtle, 55 Lepidochelys olivacea kempi Atlantic Ridley, 55 Caretta caretta caretta Atlantic Loggerhead Turtle, 56 FAMILY TRIONYCHIDAE, 56 Trionyx ferox spinifera Eastern Spiny Soft-shelled Turtle, 56 FAMILY DERMOCHELIDAE, 57 Dermochelys coriacea coriacea Atlantic Leatherback Turtle, 57 Dermochelys coriacea schlegeli Pacific Leatherback Turtle, 57 Order Sauria, 58 FAMILY IGUANIDAE, 58 Phrynosoma douglassi douglassi Pigmy Horned Lizard, 58 Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre Eastern Short-horned Lizard, 58 FAMILY ANGUIDAE, 58 Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis Northern Alligator Lizard, 58 FAMILY SCINCIDAE, 59 Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined Skink, 59 Eumeces septentrionalis septentrionalis Northern Prairie Skink, 60 Eumeces skiltonianus Western Skink, 60 Order Serpentes, 61 FAMILY BOIDAE, 6/ Charina bottae bottae Pacific Rubber Boa, 6/ Charina bottae utahensis Rocky Mountain Rubber Boa, 6/ FAMILY COLUBRIDAE, 62 Natrix septemvittata Queen Snake, 62 Natrix sipedon sipedon Northern Water Snake, 62 Natrix sipedon insularum Lake Erie Water Snake, 62 Storeria dekayi dekayi Northern Brown Snake, 62 Storeria dekayi wrightorum Midland Brown Snake, 62 Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata Northern Red-bellied Snake, 64 Thamnophis ordinoides Northwestern Garter Snake, 65 Thamnophis elegans vagrans Wandering Garter Snake, 65 Thamnophis elegans nigrescens Puget Sound Garter Snake, 66 Thamnophis radix haydeni Western Plains Garter Snake, 66 Thamnophis radix butleri Butler’s Gartern Snake, 66 Thamnophis sauritus sauritus Eastern Ribbon Snake, 66 Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis Eastern Garter Snake, 68 Thamnophis sirtalis pallidula Maritime Garter Snake, 68 Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Red-sided Garter Snake, 68 Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. (in British Columbia) Common Garter Snake, 70 Heterodon platyrhinos platyrhinos Eastern Hog-nosed Snake, 72 Heterodon nasicus nasicus Plains Hog-nosed Snake, 72 Diadophis punctatus edwardsi Northern Ring-necked Snake, 73 Coluber constrictor constrictor Northern Black Racer, 74 Coluber constrictor flaviventris Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer, 74 Coluber constrictor mormon Western Yellow-bellied Racer, 74 Opheodrys vernalis vernalis Eastern Smooth Green Snake, 74 Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi Western Smooth Green Snake, 76 Elaphe vulpina gloydi Eastern Fox Snake, 76 Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Black Rat Snake, 76 Pituophis catenifer catenifer Pacific Gopher Snake, 77 Pituophis catenifer deserticola Great Basin Gopher Snake, 78 Pituophis catenifer sayi Bullsnake, 78 Lampropelitis doliata triangulum Eastern Milk Snake, 78 Contia tenuis Sharp-tailed Snake, 78 FAMILY CROTALIDAE, 79 Sistrurus catenatus catenatus Eastern Massasauga, 79 Crotalus horridus horridus Timber Rattlesnake, 80 Crotalus viridis viridis Prairie Rattlesnake, 8/ Crotalus viridis oreganus Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, 8, Literature cited, 83 Check List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Canada and Alaska Ly ibaep AN athe i, Setanta | Sl isalabhiehi et ts « bo Sieh y, Vk i eateictalanl nel Re a Ne adtshings Py) bret eu Lee Didi eve, Textew, an a Sites a Hip’ SR Sith, Cala CSE a Saaeanciey ae eat a Bt us alr sria ATA ia shan Se Lie Sha eerk, caren, ee i ree Synele mA tS i Sa Nai Sony Read Sanka, cin Oe ee BOS Ri thle Sirk: Senha (peep he NR val meaty eres gad’ hada pst ‘eS en At NGA Ven cnr EM lea fie hay hs DP arn, On. ee Ae Oop Fes a MM iG nM fe he a: Se teed ae hg abe ai fA Ring a se res Ae a | [Ye Sad is aie ae ioe Wing Wan) ‘ F ha Bee py ey eae Dahil ale Wns ise aiid ae Cli oe be itdegndin’ 6 6 A RR i gan aaa ras a FU ae Mi Alte Caf nea i PRA OR . ‘SS es Paige alee gy pie 6 hea ieee, or Be en a || wilt i pcs uit Rralee, a erates CA Wie SRA Jha Du. 0S ieee Wile " | aN Pie \ 14 ea hae pagan Ri cig te ihe pti pees j | ” ae li , lies oi Ook , va weit Ai asipeti i LAA: mt. i : by i pth” ia'y | eR ci i Sb eee ry x siden *: ; Bailie hase spntencnien SU Grete Me ce daa MERI Ne hy inf aaa bse a tL Pie rei we iam nee Aggie abe! i apis) ewig alot ii bale ere Se 4 oath ee ae ae EN hag ¢ . a ; ic x hd if " 4 4 i iW - U % - a : ) ay t a wl (oN 7's ; hye 3 ie 1) '" ci A), f, P ’ yy hey | Sita vi 1 Ke 7:3 A Wi iyi hy, ie Aa ‘ is aly \ i q i $M i fran is my Nd f es i bi at A ae an 1 ae Ae Aly e! 4 ; | { 1 i Introduction to Second Edition Since the publication in 1955 of our Check-list of the Amphibians and Rep- tiles of Canada and Alaska, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology Contribution No. 41, a number of errors and omissions have come to light. Many of these were kindly called to our attention by recipients of the check-list; others soon became apparent to the authors in the course of using it. Unfortunate circumstances arising in 1955 prevented the careful final rechecking so necessary in such a work. This was particularly regrettable in view of the fact that during the preparation of the manuscript repeated and often long-protracted interruptions predisposed to errors, when, after periods of often many weeks out of contact with the work, attempts were made to pick up the loose ends and continue. That paper is now out of print, for which the authors are thankful, since it affords them the opportunity to correct these errors and omissions in a revised edition. The introduction to the first edition stands as originally written, ex- cept for some minor corrections and revisions which have been made in the text. We wish particularly to call attention to the explanation of our system of mapping, as set out in the introduction to the first edition (p. 6 of the present paper). It appears from some letters we have received, and some references to the check-list that have appeared in print, that some users of the list omitted to read this explanation, and therefore wondered why various published records were not cited, or assumed that records were lacking be- cause not listed or mapped. Had we included all records of which we had knowledge, the list would have run into many hundreds of pages, without conveying any more information pertinent to its purpose. However, in the present edition, we are including additional records, some of which were known to us in 1955, and some which have been obtained since. Nevertheless, in most cases we are not citing all locality records known to us, but are still following the procedure adopted in the 1955 edition. The present edition will be freer of errors and omissions than was the former, but we do not expect it to be absolutely free of them. Users of the check-list discovering errors or omissions, or faults of other kinds, will confer a favour on the authors by communicating with them. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR SECOND EDITION In the preparation of the second edition of this check-list the authors received valuable help from professional colleagues, friends and correspondents. Dr. F. A. Urquhart, Head of the Life Sciences Division, Royal Ontario Museum, heartily encouraged our efforts and made publication possible. Dr. J. Sherman Bleakney, Acadia University, and Dr. G. Clifford Carl, Director, British Columbia Provincial Museum, read the manuscript, contributed additional records, and corrected a number of errors. Mr. Francis Cook, Acadia Univer- sity, kindly permitted the use of some of his unpublished records. Dr. W. H. Beck, University of Saskatchewan Museum, Dr. R. W. Nero, Assistant Director, Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, and Mr. R. W. Sutton, Director, The Manitoba Museum, contributed many records for the Prairie Provinces. Mr. Roger Conant, Curator of Reptiles, Philadelphia Zoological Garden, was generous and painstaking in consultation by correspondence. Others who contributed pertinent information, records or specimens were: Dr. A. E. Allin, Fort William, Ont., Mr. J. E. Bryant, Canadian Wild- life Service, Aklavik, N.W.T., Mr. H. Fred Clark, Ithaca, N.Y., Mr. Stuart Criddle, Treesbank, Man., Dr. E. J. Crossman and Mr. Ario Gatti, Royal Ontario Museum, Dr. F. R. Gehlbach, Cornell University, Dr. Francis Har- per, Chapel Hill, N.C., Mr. A. M. Henderson, Bruce Mines, Ont., Mr. R. V. Lindsay, Toronto, Dr. D. E. McAllister, National Museum of Canada, Mr. John Marshall, Toronto, Mr. U. Paim, Toronto, Dr. W. J. Riemer, University of Florida, Dr. W. B. Scott, Royal Ontario Museum, Mr. J. D. Walters, Toronto, The following personnel of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests: Mr. C. A. Elsey, Mr. A. F. Helmsley, Mr. A. J. Herridge, Mr. J. C. Higgins, Mr. W. A. Morris, Mr. S. C. Simons, Mr. G. E. Taylor. Our present Life Sciences Division Librarian, Miss Elizabeth McCormick, was generous with her time and knowledge in various capacities in which a trained science librarian is equipped to help. To all of the above named kind people we extend our grateful thanks. E. B. S. LOGIER G. C. TONER Introduction to First Edition’ The need for a check-list of the amphibians and reptiles occurring north of the Canada-United States border has been apparent for a long time. In the United States the ranges of these animals have in most cases been well worked out and defined. In Canada there have been few students of herpetology and these, for the most part, have been able to devote only a small portion of their time to the subject. However, a large amount of distributional data has ac- cumulated, much from scattered published sources, but most from the collec- tions and records in the Royal Ontario Museum. Most of our amphibian and reptilian fauna is in the nature of “overflow” or northward extension of forms occurring in the United States, but the north- ern extremities of their ranges are often ill-defined in United States publica- tions and cited merely as “Canada” or “southern Canada,” while some forms ranging into Canada are not so listed. The fact that the amphibians and reptiles of Canada are not generally considered to be of great economic, or (aside from the bullfrog) of any com- mercial, importance has, no doubt, much bearing on the case. The ability of a people to appraise scientific values apart from economic or commercial applications is one index of its cultural level, so the situation that exists with regard to herpetology in Canada does not flatter us. For most of our knowl- edge of the lives and habits of our own fauna we are indebted to our neigh- bours to the south, so that if such knowledge is incomplete or inaccurate in so far as it pertains to conditions in Canada, we have only ourselves to reproach. The present work was started after the outbreak of World War II, and at a time when obstacles might be expected. They did arise, and not all of a nature foreseen, thus publication was delayed. This, however, was a blessing in disguise, since considerably more data have become available in the time interval, and the authors have been able to give more mature consideration to both their selection and the form of presentation. In spite of the obvious gaps in such distributional data, it seems desirable to put on record the information available now, rather than wait indefinitely for the perfection “at the end of the rainbow.” It will be many years before the necessary faunal work will *Some corrections have been made in the text. have been done in much of the vast area covered by this check-list, and will certainly not be within the lifetime of the present authors. The range limits, especially the northern ones, indicated in this list are in many cases provi- sional, but are as close to the truth as we can come at present. The problem of assessing records not supported by specimens collected (or at least seen by a competent authority) is always a knotty one for zoolo- gists. Manifestly, it is not always possible to collect a specimen for every noted occurrence, nor would it always be desirable even if possible, and the testi- mony of travellers who are not zoologists must occasionally be accepted. The line here between true and false may at times be uncertain and require careful judgment to trace. In our experience with the classes of animals under con- sideration, in spite of the fact that our fauna is small, we have found that identifications by untrained persons are often inaccurate. Since such identifi- cations, without the specimens, cannot be rechecked, some may always bear a question mark. Their value then is in the nature of an “alert” to watch for corroborative information. We have, accordingly, screened all reports coming to us in terms of the known competence of the observer, the probability or improbability of such a record at the particular locality, and the possibility of confusion with an allied or similar form that might be expected, or was known, to occur there. Those which in our opinion are invested with doubt have been discarded, or if included, qualified by a footnote. Certain alleged races which are more or less in taxonomic confusion have not been referred to subspecies, but simply to the parent species. For example, in the leopard frogs, satisfactory characters to distinguish between Rana pipiens pipiens Schreber and Rana pipiens brachycephala Cope are not known to the authors, the characters that have been published upon as diag- nostic breaking down when applied to Canadian material. A similar situation pertains to the wood frogs Rana sylvatica sylvatica LeConte and Rana syl- vatica cantabrigensis Baird. Even if arbitrary selections of such variable characters as leg length were used, it would still be impossible to assign geographical ranges to the alleged forms on the basis of such characters.* In the reptiles, certain of the western garter snakes appear to be in a state of taxonomic fluidity. Perusal of the literature dealing with this group that has appeared within the last fifteen to twenty years reveals divergence of opinion among competent students as to both characters and ranges that should be assigned to various forms, and as to what forms (and even species) should be considered valid. The authors confess themselves incompetent to judge be- tween such differences of opinion, and so can only refer the forms in question to the parent species. In view of the present state of the literature and the very inadequate field work that has been done in Western Canada, it would, we believe, be futile and misleading to attempt to assign racial names to any records of the species Thamnophis sirtalis from points west of the 120th meridian, which marks the Alberta-British Columbia border northward to 60° Latitude. *Martof and Humphries, 1959, recognize five geographic types of this frog, but do not favour the use of subspecific names. Some of the younger men in this field may, we hope, before their work is finished, leave some of these confused groups in a clearer and more orderly condition. In this connection it must be remembered that any species of living animal is not a static thing, but an expression of an active evolutionary force, i.e., something changing, perhaps in process of becoming something else, and not a once-and-for-all completed product (unless or until it becomes extinct). For this reason, a definition of a species is a convenience of zoologists, rela- tive to a point in time, and must always be imperfect. If this is true of species it is much more immediately true of subspecies or races, therefore, since a perfect definition cannot be given of a thing in process of change, it seems futile to expect the subspecies problem ever to be finally settled to the agree- ment of all students of these, or any other, variable animals. The question arises, indeed, as to whether much of the race-naming so in vogue today is justified by a cool appraisal of the facts. It might, in fact, be suggested that the perennial multiplication of named races erected upon trifling and inconstant characters is a major incubus of zoological literature of the current century, superfatting it with a senseless profusion of synonyms to frustrate and perplex serious minded zoologists, and creating unnecessary, time-consuming labour for bibliographers and librarians. We might go even further and suggest that if some enterprising young systematists in a number of these hair-split groups would devote their lives’ effort to unsplitting them again (except where sound biological study showed that they should be split) they would corfer a benefit of the first magnitude on zoologists and librarians of the future. True, the synonyms already in the literature would remain as a dragging curse for all time, but their riotous, epidemic increase could be sharply tapered off by common sense systematic sanitation. We are not here minimizing the importance of variations and races, nor of their role in speciation and evolution. Any variations or mutations may prove in time to be of evolutionary significance, or may not, and this applies equally to those so slight, or of such a nature, as to be nearly or completely useless as taxonomic characters. To note differences and resemblances where they may be observed by any means whatever is a legitimate function of the study of zoology, but to attach trinomials or quadrinomials to any vagary of variation that appears in a population is something else again. It is, we believe, generally conceded by zoologists that two races of the same species will not be found occupying the same ecological niche in the same geographical area. To determine the ecological niche may not be a simple matter, but the application of race names might often better await such information. If the supposed races widely overlap in geographical territory it would seem that this information is fundamental. It will never be obtained by counting scales or spots, applying some preferred mathematical formula and plotting the result in a graph to show the mean, the mode, the standard devia- tion and probable error; yet much of the current race-splitting seems to derive from no deeper study. We freely concede that the latter form of study is useful and necessary for a knowledge of certain quantitative elements in populations, but the core of the problem, viz., the nature of the biological factors that underlie the variations, and the meaning of the variations in terms of those factors and in the lives of the animals, remains untouched. In the same train of thought, we should remark with considerable emphasis that the application of racial names to geographic gradients of variation is a highly dubious proce- dure, but the variations and any factors relating to them are worthy of careful study. We are, according to currently accepted classification, using trinomials (if in use) in cases where the subspecific status is not in question. We have followed the arrangement and nomenclature used in the sixth edition of the check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (Schmidt, 1953), except in the case of Bufo americanus, but have omitted the usual references to the original descriptions, type localities, and synonymy, which are already covered in that and other works. The purpose of the present list is purely that of indicating ranges in Canada and Alaska, so that only the ranges, or por- tions of ranges, north of the Canada-United States border are dealt with here. The portions of ranges that extend south of that line are treated and mapped in various United States publications. For each form listed there is a map (except in cases of single-locality records) indicating its range within the territory under consideration. Each locality named in the text is marked by a spot on the map pertaining to the form in question; localities close together may be included under a single spot. An open circle, unless otherwise stated, indicates reported occurrence in an area, but without a precise locality. We have not followed the usual procedure of shading the areas of the ranges: this is because sufficient collecting has not been done and it is often impossible to say whether many of the spots on the maps indicate the range limits of the animals or the collecting stations. Also, in view of the long distances that separate many of these collecting stations, any decision as to precisely how they should be joined by an enclosing line (the edge of the shading) would be arbitrary and speculative. When the records of a species are few or sporadic, every locality of record is named and mapped. When a species is common within a circumscribed area, Or its range extensive, usually only the peripheral localities that mark the apparent limits of its range are named and mapped, and not always all of these, but only those so located as to appear significant in con- veying information about the probable extent and contour of its range. The citation of all records from the areas concerned was once contemplated, a procedure for which there is precedent, but after due consideration, and regarding the opinions of some other zoologists, this idea was abandoned. An authority for each locality record is given. If a record is from the literature, the reference is given by author, date, and page following the place name, and may be found in full in the bibliography at the end of the book. If there is known to the authors a specimen in a museum, the museum is cited by initials following the place name. If a specimen was seen by one or both authors, or reported by personal communication, etc., such facts are indicated by initials and names following the place name (see list of abbreviations below). Usually, however, a single authority reference is cited for each record, and a museum reference if known, whether it is based upon one or many specimens, and no attempt was made to cite all literature references supporting any locality record, or all museums where such specimens may be housed. Once a record is positively established, further citations of authority in support of it would be beside the purpose of this work, which is not an inventory of records, but an outline of distribution. List of abbreviations for museums, collections, and authorities (other than literature references) for locality records. APM BMNH CM CU MM MCZ NMC NSMS OSCMNH PMBC QPM ROM UA UMMZ SMNH USM USNM PC SC SR SS Algonquin Park Museum, Algonquin Park, Ontario. British Museum (Natural History), London, England. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Nova Scotia Museum of Science, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Oregon State College Museum of Natural History, Corvallis, Oregon. Provincial Museum of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia. Quetico Park Museum, Quetico Park, Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, Regina. University of Saskatchewan Museum, Saskatoon. United States National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia. Personal communication (name of communicator following in parentheses). Specimen (or specimens) collected by member of ROM staff, but not now in its collection. Specimen (or specimens) received by ROM, but not now in its collection. Specimen (or specimens) seen by one or both of the authors. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR FIRST EDITION It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help received from many kind people, zoologists and laymen. Dr. S. C. Bishop, University of Rochester, Dr. G. C. Carl, Provincial Museum of British Columbia, Mr. C. L. Patch, National Museum of Canada, Dr. C. H. Pope and Dr. K. P. Schmidt, Chicago Natural History Museum, and Dr. A. H. Wright, Cornell University read portions of the manuscript and advised on particular points. Records of their institutions were made available by Frere Alexander, Mont-Saint-Louis, Montreal; Dr. S. C. Bishop, University of Rochester; Dr. G. C. Carl, Provincial Museum of British Columbia; Mr. R. Conant, Zoo- logical Society of Philadelphia; Dr. I. M. Cowan, (formerly) Provincial Museum of British Columbia; Dr. L. M. Klauber, San Diego Society of Natural History; Mr. A. Loveridge, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge; Dr. J. E. Moore, University of Alberta; Mr. L. T. S. Norris-Elye, The Manitoba Museum; Mr. C. L. Patch, National Museum of Canada; Dr. A. H. Wright, Cornell University. We are indebted to Mr. O. Sanders, Dallas, Texas, for his helpful discus- sion (in correspondence) of the probable nature of the relationship between Bufo terrestris, americanus and copei, and with the approval of Dr. K. P. Schmidt, have departed from the classification of these toads used in his 1953 check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Specimens or records and various notes were contributed by Dr. A. E. Allin, Dr.R.M. Bailey, Mr.L.H. Beamer, Mrs. F.C. Blanchard, Mr. S. Bleak- ney who kindly permitted us to use records of his in manuscript (1954) in advance of publication, Mr. G. M. Bureau, Mr. R. H. Burns, Professor E. S. Cieslak, Mr. R. Conant, Professor A. F. Coventry, Mr. J. H. Crysdale, Mr. F. W. Darroch, Mr. N. S. Denman, Mr. A. Dixon, Mr. L. M. Dixon, Mr. K. H. Doan, Dr. S. W. Fox, Mr. S. W. Gorham, Mr. A. F. Hemsley, Rev. Mr. H. B. Herrington, Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Mr. J. Land, Mr. R. V. Lindsay, Mr. C. H. Lumsden, Dr. A. G. MacLulich, Mr. H. Milnes, Dr. M. B. Mittleman, Dr. J. E. Moore, Mr. D. Murphy, Mr. M. G. Netting, Mr. A. A. Outram, Mr. T. D. Patterson, Mr. K. Racey, Dr. D. S. Rawson, Mr. K. Reading, Dr. W. E. Ricker, Dr. L. S. Russell, Mr. S. C. Simons, Dr. A. G. Smith, Dr. J. M. Speirs, Mr. J. K. Steen, Mr. H. H. Southam, Mr. S. L. Thompson, Dr. H. Trapido, Mr. S. Troyer, Dr. C. F. Walker, Mr. F. A. Walden, Mr. S. Waller, Mr. G. Watmough, Dr. W. Y. Watson, Mr. A. B. Wheatley, Mr. R. V. Whelan, Mr. C. H. White, Mr. C. H. Zavitz. Field work at biological stations under the auspices of the Biological Board of Canada and the University of Toronto Fisheries Research Labora- tory was made possible by the kind cooperation of Dr. W. A. Clemens, Professor J. R. Dymond, Dr. F. E. J. Fry, Dr. W. J. K. Harkness, Dr. A. G. Huntsman, and Dr. R. R. Langford. This is an appropriate place to mention the kindness of the Long Point Company through its representatives, Mr. H. B. Johnston and Mr. C. H. Ferris, in permitting us to collect on their privately leased preserves, and in making facilities available. For particular collaboration in field work special mention is due Mr. F. W. Darroch, Mr. J. Edmonds, Sr., Mr. G. N. Gartrell, Mr. M. Landon, Mr. W. J. LeRay, and Dr. E. M. Walker. Members and former members of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology and Palaeontology staff helped in many ways. Dr. F. A. Urquhart, Director, heartily encouraged us in our efforts, made publication possible, read the manuscript, and contributed helpful suggestions and specimens. Contribu- tions of records or specimens, or collaboration in field work were afforded by Mr. J. L. Baillie, Mr. S. C. Downing, Mr. C. E. Hope, Mr. T. B. Kurata, Dr. J. P. Oughton, Dr. R. L. Peterson, Dr. W. B. Scott, Mr. T. M. Shortt, Mr. L. L. Snyder, Mr. L. A. Walden and Mr. G. B. Wiggins. Miss E. McClure, Librarian, gave liberally of her time and knowledge in the finding of literature references and in locating obscure places on the maps, and in read- ing the manuscript and page proofs. Without the kind help acknowledged above and so generously given, our task would have been more difficult, less pleasant, and less successful. Before the list of acknowledgments is ended, one, of the fact that most of the spade work of searching the literature and preparing the card file of published records was done by the junior author, is due and gratefully made. E. B. S. LOGIER, April 18, 1955. Map 2. Dicamptodon ensatus Map 3. Ambystoma gracile gracile 10 Class Amphibia Order Caudata FAMILY PROTEIDAE Necturus maculosus maculosus Rafinesque MUDPUPPY Range in Canada: From southeastern Manitoba eastward to about Quebec City; tributaries of the Upper and Lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. Map 1. Canadian locality records: MANITOBA. Lake Winnipeg at about Latitude 51° (Hecht, 1955, p. 251); (USNM). Seven Sisters Falls on Winnipeg River (ROM). Winnipeg (ROM). ONTARIO. Algoma Dist., Cranberry Creek, Harmony River (ROM), Sault Ste. Marie (Agassiz, 1850, p. 382). Bruce Co. Crane River and Lucknow (ROM). Carleton Co. Ottawa (ROM). Kent Co., Merlin (ROM). Manitoulin Dist., Sheguindah (ROM). Nipissing Dist., Lake of Two Rivers in Algonquin Park, Talon Lake (RoM). Norfolk Co., Long Point (ROM). Parry Sound Dist., Frank’s Bay (ROM). Prince Edward Co., Hallowell (ROM). Thunder Bay Dist., Kaministiquia River in Neebing Twp. (ROM). Wentworth Co., Hamilton (ROM). York Co. Toronto (ROM). QUEBEC. Champlain Co., Cap de la Madeleine (Provancher, 1875, p. 73). Quebec Co., Quebec (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). FAMILY AMBYSTOMIDAE Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz PACIFIC GIANT SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Extreme southwestern corner of British Columbia. Map 2. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA. New Westminster Dist., Chilliwack Lake (Cope, 1889, p. 112). Cultus Lake (ROM). Sumas Lake (Boulenger, 1882, p. 49). Ambystoma gracile gracile Baird BROWN SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Vancouver Island and adjacent mainland of British Columbia. Map 3. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAINLAND. New Westminster Dist., Alta Lake (Carl and Cowan, 1945, p. 43). Chilliwack Il Lake, Holyburn Ridge, Lihumitson Mt. (ROM). Nita Lake (Dunn, 1944, p. 130); (PMBC). Vancouver (Dunn, 1944, p. 130). Yale Dist., Hope (Carl and Cowan, 1945, p. 43). VANCOUVER ISLAND. Cameron Dist., Mt. Arrowsmith (PMBC). Comox Dist., Forbidden Plateau (Brown and Slater, 1939, p. 24). Nanaimo Dist., Nanaimo (Cowan, 1937, p. K17). Renfrew Dist., Jordan River (PMBC). Rupert Dist., Quatsino (PMBC). Victoria Dist., Victoria (Hardy, 1926, p. C22); (PMBC). Ambystoma gracile decorticatum Cope BRITISH COLUMBIA SALAMANDER Range in Canada and Alaska: Coastal British Columbia from Range 2 north- ward to southern Alaska. Map 4. Canadian and Alaskan locality records: ALASKA. Mary Island (Dunn, 1944, p. 130). BRITISH COLUMBIA. Coast Dist., Range 2, Goose Island (Carl, 1949, p. 139). Hunter Island (Dunn, 1944, p. 130). Coast Dist., Range 3, Bella Coola (Patch, 1922, p. 76); (pPMBC). Hagensborg (Patch, 1922, p. 76). Coast Dist., Ranges 3 and 4, Princess Royal Island (PMBC). Coast Dist., Range 5, Port Simpson (Cope, 1889, p. 108). Prince Rupert (Hardy, 1928, p. E17). Queen Charlotte Dist., Hecate Strait (Carl and Cowan, 1945, p. 44). Ambystoma jeffersonianum Green JEFFERSON SALAMANDER Ambystoma laterale Hallowell BLUE-SPOTTED SALAMANDER These two species have been confused for so long that it is impossible at present to separate the locality records pertaining to each. Their ranges widely overlap. A. laterale, described in 1858, was treated by Cope (1889, p. 92) asa subspecies of A. jeffersonianum. It passed into the synonomy of the latter, where it remained until the publication of Minton’s paper (1954, pp. 173- 179); The two are treated and mapped together below. Range in Canada: From eastern Manitoba to Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and extreme eastern Quebec; northward in Ontario to 53° Latitude in the west, to James Bay in the east; to Goose Bay in Labrador. Map 5. Canadian locality records: LABRADOR. Goose Bay (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMc). MANITOBA. Beausejour (Seton, 1918, p. 80). Pointe du Bois on Winnipeg River, Sandilands, Whiteshell (pc: R. W. Sutton). NEW BRUNSWICK. Sunbury Co., Assikeag (Dunn, 1918, p. 458). Oromocto Island (Cox, 1898, p. 64). NOVA SCOTIA. Antigonish Co., Hants Co., Queens Co. (Bleakney, 1952, p. 125); (NsMs). ONTARIO. Bruce Co., Lucknow (Yarrow, 1882, p. 150). Carleton Co., Ottawa (Groh, 1924, p. 159). Cochrane Dist., Lake Abitibi, Moose River (Cope, 1889, p. 94). Smoky Falls (Rom). Essex Co., Pelee Island (ROM). Kenora Dist., Whitefish Bay (ROM). Kent Co., Rondeau Park (ROM). Leeds Co., Brockville (Toner and de St. Remy, 1941, p. 10). Lincoln Co., St. Catharines (ROM). Norfolk i2 Map 4. Ambystoma gracile decorticatum Map 5. Ambystoma jeffersonianum Ambystoma laterale Co., Long Point (Adams and Clark, 1958, p. 8). Turkey Point (ROM). Patri- cia Dist., Favourable Lake (ROM). Prince Edward Co., Hallowell (ROM). Rainy River Dist., Emo (ROM). Quetico Park (Lindeborg, 1950, p. 86). Thunder Bay Dist., Orient Bay, Port Arthur, Slate Island (ROM). York Co., Toronto (ROM). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Queens Co., Brackley Beach (Hurst, 1946, p. 121). QUEBEC. Gaspe Co., Grand River (Cox, 1899b, p. 194). Jacques Cartier Co., Montreal (ROM). Laurentides National Park (Vladykov, 1941, p. 83). Saguenay Co. Betchewan (cu). Belles Ar- mours (Packard, 1866, p. 272). Godbout (Harper, 1956, p. 100); (USNM). Seven Islands (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird LONG-TOED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: British Columbia northward at least to Stikine River; from Vancouver Island eastward to Jasper and Banff in Alberta. Map 6. Canadian locality records: ALBERTA. Banff (RoM). Jasper (Pc: A. Love- ridge); (McCZ). BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAINLAND. Cariboo Dist., Moose River (Hollister, 1912, pp. 45-46). Cassiar Dist., Stikine River near Telegraph Creek (Slevin, 1928, p. 30). Lake Tetana (Stanwell-Fletcher, 1940, p. 137). Coast Dist., Range 3, Bella Coola (Patch, 1922, p. 75). Kootenay Dist., Creston (Hardy, 1927, p. C38). Cranbrook (Cowan, 1937, p. K17). New Westminster Dist., Hatzic (Cope, 1894, p. 181). Vancouver (Cowan, 1937, p. K17). Similkameen Dist., Penticton (Cowan, 1937, p. K17). VANCOUVER ISLAND. Esquimalt Dist., Langford Station (Carl, 1942a, p. 56). Ambystoma maculatum Shaw SPOTTED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: From Rainy River District, Ontario eastward through Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia to Cape Breton Island; northward in Ontario to about 50° Latitude, and in Quebec to Gaspe. Map 7. Canadian locality records: NEW BRUNSWICK. Southcentral and northern New Brunswick (Bleakney, 1958, pp. 65, 79). NOVA SCOTIA. Through- out the Province (Bleakney, 1952, p. 125). Annapolis Valley (Bleakney, 1958, pp. 65, 79). Cumberland Co., Oxford (Bleakney, 1958, pp. 65, 79). Halifax Co., Halifax (Hay, 1892, p. 436). Inverness Co., Upper Margaree River (ROM). ONTARIO. Bruce Co., Lucknow (ROM). Cochrane Dist., Kapuskasing (ROM). Essex Co., Pelee Island (ROM). Frontenac Co., King- ston (ROM). Grey Co., Meaford (ROM). Lincoln Co., St. Catharines (ROM). Middlesex Co., Bryanston (Elliot, 1905, p. 176). Nipissing Dist., Lake Timagami (Coventry, 1931, p. 109). Parry Sound Dist., Seguin Falls (ROM). Prince Edward Co., Cressy (Logier, 1941, p. 95). Rainy River Dist., Atiko- kan (pc: A. F. Helmsley); (QPM). Sudbury Dist., Chapleau (ROM). Thunder Bay Dist., Fairlock, Shakespeare Island in Lake Nipigon (ROM). York Co., Toronto (ROM). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Prince Co., 14 Map 6. Ambystoma macrodactylum Map 7. Ambystoma maculatum is Ellerslie (ROM). QUEBEC. Gaspe Co., Gaspe (Cox, 1907, p. 48). Quebec Co., Quebec (ROM). Rimouski Co., Bic (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Green EASTERN TIGER SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Extreme southwestern Ontario. Canadian locality records: ONTARIO. Essex Co., Point Pelee (Pc: C. L. Patch); (NMC). Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli Dunn GRAY TIGER SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Map 8. Canadian locality records: MANITOBA. Boissevain (Dunn, 1940, p. 161). Carberry, Ninette, Shoal Lake (ROM). Winnipeg (Dunn, 1940, p. 161). SASKATCHEWAN. Assiniboia, Belanger Creek, Cypress Lake (ROM). Dundurn (Pc: W. H. Beck); (USM). Estevan (Pc: R. W. Nero). Indian Head (ROM). Loomis (Pc: W. H. Beck); (USM). Prince Albert (Pc: R. W. Nero). Saskatoon (ROM). Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum Baird BLOTCHED TIGER SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southeastern British Columbia, southern half of Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan. Map 9. Canadian locality records: ALBERTA. Aldersyde (Fowler, 1935, p. 60). Edmonton (ROM). High River (Fowler, 1934, p. 140). Lethbridge, Mun- son, Red Deer, Waterton Park (ROM). BRITISH COLUMBIA. Osoyoos Dist., Brent Lake near Summerland (ROoM).* Similkameen Dist., Midway (Dunn, 1940, p. 159); (NMC). Osoyoos (PMBC). SASKATCHEWAN. Kyle (ROM). , FAMILY SALAMANDRIDAE Diemictylus viridescens viridescens Rafinesque RED-SPOTTED NEWT Range in Canada: From about 89° Longitude in Thunder Bay District east- ward through Quebec including Gaspe, and New Brunswick to Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. All records from south of 50° Latitude. Map 10. Canadian locality records: NEW BRUNSWICK. Charlotte Co., Chamcook Lake (Reid, 1930, p. 465). Northumberland Co., Peabody Lake (ROM). NOVA SCOTIA. Throughout the province (Bleakney, 1952, p. 125). An- napolis Valley (Bleakney, 1958, pp. 65, 79). Digby Co., Digby (ROM). *Larval specimens reported as Ambystoma gracile, Logier, 1932, p. 316. 16 al ‘memnd shim pewe Map 8. Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli Map 9. Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum Map 10. Diemictylus viridescens viridescens ® Diemictylus viridescens viridescens louisianensis & Halifax Co., Halifax (Jones, 1865, p. 127). Victoria Co., Perth Twp. (ROM). Yarmouth Co. (Dunn, 1918, p. 451). ONTARIO. Algoma Dist., Maclennan (ROM). Bruce Co., Lucknow, Pike Bay (ROM). Essex Co., Pelee Island (ROM). Leeds Co., Marble Rock (Toner and de St. Remy, 1941, p. 10). Lincoln Co., St. Catharines (ROM). Nipissing Dist., Lake Timagami (Coventry, 1931, p. 109). Norfolk Co., Long Point (ROM). Parry Sound Dist., Franklin Island (ROM). Prince Edward Co., Hallowell, Picton (ROM). Sudbury Dist., Foleyet Twp. (ROM). Thunder Bay Dist., near Macdiarmid, St. Ignace Island (ROM). York Co., Toronto (ROM). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Queens Co., Afton Lake (Cox, 1889b, p. 194). QUEBEC. Gaspe Co. (Ball, 1937, p. 230). Grand Pabos Valley (Cox, 1899b, p. 194). Hunt- ington Co., Covey Hill (ROM). Laurentides National Park (Vladykov, 1941, p- 83). Map 11. Taricha granulosa granulosa 18 Diemictylus viridescens louisianensis Wolterstorff CENTRAL NEWT Range in Canada: West from about 89° Longitude through southern Thunder Bay and Rainy River districts. Map 10. Canadian locality records: ONTARIO. Rainy River Dist., Atikokan (ROM). Quetico Park (Pc: A. F. Helmsley); Rainy Lake at Falls River (ROM). (QPM). Thunder Bay Dist., Hazelwood Lake, Polly Lake (Pc: A. E. Allin); (ROM). Taricha granulosa granulosa Skilton NORTHERN ROUGH-SKINNED NEWT Range in Canada and Alaska: Coastal British Columbia and Alaska north- ward to Juneau; Vancouver Island. Map 11. Canadian and Alaskan locality records: ALASKA. Admiralty Island (Storer, 1925, p. 49). Hassler Harbour (Slevin, 1928, p. 24). Juneau (pc: W. J. Riemer). Thorn Bay on Revillagigado Island (pc: A. Loveridge); (Mcz). BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAINLAND. Coast Dist., Range 3, Bella Coola (Cowan, 1937, p. K17); (PMBC). Coast Dist., Range 5, Metlakatla (Slevin, 1928, p. 24). Lillooet Dist., Seton Creek near Lillooet (Cowan, 1937, p. K17); (PMBC). New Westminster Dist., Chilliwack River (Boulenger, 1882, p. 20). Vancouver (Carl, 1943, p. 25). Yale Dist., Hope (Cowan, 1937, p. K17); (PMBC). VANCOUVER ISLAND. Clayoquot Dist., Tofino (Cowan, 1937, p. K17). Nanaimo Dist., Nanaimo, Newcastle Island (RoM). Victoria Dist., Victoria (Cowan, 1937, p. K17); (PMBC). 19 FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE Desmognathus fuscus fuscus Rafinesque NORTHERN DUSKY SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southern Ontario near Niagara River, extreme southern Quebec, southern New Brunswick. Map 12. Canadian locality records: NEW BRUNSWICK. Kings Co., Browns Flats (ROM). Sunbury Co., Oromocto (Dunn, 1926a, p. 93). Westmorland Co., Scoudouc (Pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). York Co., Fredericton (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMc). ONTARIO. Welland Co., “Opposite Buffalo, New York” (Bishop, 1943, p. 188). QUEBEC. Brome Co., Knowlton (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Memphremagog (ROM). Compton Co., East Angus (pc: S. Bleakney). Missisquoi Co., Phillipsburg (Pc: S. Bleakney). Rich- mond Co., Windsor (Pc: S. Bleakney). Sherbrook Co., Sherbrook (Bleak- ney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Plethodon cinereus cinereus Green RED-BACKED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: From Rainy River District, Ontario eastward through Quebec and New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. Map 3. Canadian locality records: * NEW BRUNSWICK. Northern and southcentral New Brunswick (Bleakney, 1958, pp. 65, 82). Kings Co., Lily Lake north of St. John (Dunn, 1918, p. 462). NOVA SCOTIA. Throughout the prov- ince (Bleakney, 1952, p. 125). Cape Breton Island (Bishop, 1943, p. 232). Digby Co., Digby (Pc: A. Loveridge); (Mcz). Halifax Co., Ecum Secum (ROM). Halifax (Jones, 1865, pp. 126-127). ONTARIO. Algoma Dist., Maclennan (ROM). Bruce Co., Wiarton (ROM). Huron Co., Clinton (ROM). Kent Co., Rondeau Park (ROM). Leeds Co., Gananoque (ROM). Lincoln Co., De Cew Falls (RoM). Nipissing Dist., Montreal River (ROM). Norfolk Co., Turkey Point (ROM). Prince Edward Co., Hallowell (ROM). Rainy River Dist., Quetico Park (Lindeborg, 1950, p. 86). Thunder Bay Dist., O’Connor Twp. (ROM). Paipoonge and Pardee Twps. (Allin, 1950, p. 93). Schreiber (ROM). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. (Cox, 1907, p. 52). Queens Co., Hunter River (Pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). QUEBEC. Bonaven- ture Co., Maquasha Wharf (ROM). Gaspe Co., Perce Twp. (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). Lake St. John Co., Lake St. John (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Val Jalbert (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). Portneuf Co., Neuville (ROM). Roberval Co., Seigneurie de Mont Louis (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). Saguenay Co., Matamek River (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Sherbrook Co., Sherbrook (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p- 118). *Cope (1889), p. 135) reports this salamander as collected by C. Drexler in “Hudson’s Bay Territory”. He does not state at what locality, or whether in Ontario or Quebec. Preble (1902, p. 134) suggests that it was probably from the region of James Bay. 20 Ye os Map 12. Desmogathus fuscus fuscus Map 13. Plethodon cinereus cinereus Plethodon vehiculum Cooper WESTERN RED-BACKED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southwestern British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Map 14. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAINLAND. New Westminster Dist., Cultus Lake (ROM). Vancouver (Watney, 1938, p. 89). Yale Dist., Hope (Patch, 1929, p. 138); (NMc). VANCOUVER ISLAND. Clayoquot Dist., Tofino (ROM). Uculet (Patch, 1929, p. 138); (NMC). Goldstream Dist., Goldstream (Cowan, 1937, p. K18); (PMBC). Nelson Dist., Union Bay (Dunn, 1926a, p. 156). Renfrew Dist., Port Renfrew (Cowan, 1937, p. K18); (PMBC). Rupert Dist., Quatsino (PMBC). Sooke Dist., Sooke (Cowan, 1937, p. K18); (PMBC). South Saanich Dist., Brent- wood (Cowan, 1937, p. K18); (PMBC). Hemidactylium scutatum Schlegel FOUR-TOED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southern Ontario, presumably through southern Quebec and New Brunswick to Nova Scotia. Map 15. Canadian locality records: NOVA SCOTIA. Annapolis Co., Long Lake, McGill Lake (Bleakney and Cook, 1957, p. 142). Halifax Co., Armdale (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NSMS). Queens Co., Mill Village (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NsMs). Victoria Co., Baddeck Bay (Richmond, 1952, pp. 331-2); (CM). ONTARIO. Brant Co., Paris (ROM). Frontenac Co., about ten miles north of Arden (pc: R. V. Lindsay). Lennox and Addington Co., Skootamata Lake (pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). Lincoln Co., St. Catharines (Cope, 1889, p. 131). Manitoulin Dist., McGregor Bay (ROM). Middlesex Co., London (ROM). Muskoka Dist., Go Home Bay (ROM). Norfolk Co., Turkey Point (ROM). Parry Sound Dist., Franklin Island (ROM). Peter- borough Co., Bald Lake, Lakefield (ROM). QUEBEC. Gatineau Co., Glen Eagle (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Iberville Co., Mount Johnson (Pc: S. Bleakney; N. S. Denman, in press with Can. Field-Nat); (NMC). Ensatina eschscholtzi oregonensis Girard OREGON SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southwestern British Columbia including Vancouver Island. Map 16. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA. MAINLAND. Coast Dist., Range I, Redonda Island (Carl, 1949, p. 139). New Westminster Dist., Cultus Lake (Logier, 1932, p. 318); (sc). Gambier Island (Carl, 1943, p. 34); (PMBC). Vancouver (ROM). Yale Dist., Hope (Cowan, 1937, p. K18); (pMBc). VANCOUVER ISLAND. Cowichan Lake Dist., Cowi- chan Lake (Carl, 1940, p. 129); (PMBC). Ze Pm VK no WS \ Se Fit fs : Map 14. Plethodon vehiculum 4 eS ee , F \ La ie ali Map 15. Hemidactylium scutatum Beal ys \ aw aim ee I Map 16. Ensatina eschscholtzi oregonensis 23 Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphyriticus Green NORTHERN SPRING SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southern Ontario at Niagara River; easern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. Map 17. Canadian locality records: ONTARIO. Carleton Co., Britannia (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Welland Co., Opposite Buffalo, New York (Dunn, 1926a, p. 265). QUEBEC. Brome Co., Iron Hill (Hall, 1947, p. 68); (NMC). Glen Sutton, Knowlton Landing (Pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). Shef- ford Co., Waterloo (Pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). Aneides ferreus Cope CLOUDED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Vancouver Island and some of the adjacent islands of the British Columbia coast. Map 18. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA, COASTAL ISLANDS. Coast Dist., Range 1, Cracroft Island (Schmidt, 1953, p. 50). WANCOU- VER ISLAND. Clayoquot Dist., Tofino (Cowan, 1937, p. K18). Cowichan Lake Dist., Bayne (=Mayne) Island (Storer, 1925, p. 118). Highland Dist., Mount Finlayson (Hardy, 1926, p.C23); (pMBC). Lake and Victoria Dists., Mount Douglas (Hardy, 1926, p. C23); (PMBC). Nanaimo Dist., Denman Island (Dunn, 1926a, p. 210). Hornby Island (Cowan, 1937, p. K18). Nanaimo (ROM). Nelson Dist., Union Bay (Cowan, 1937, p. K18). North Saanich Dist., Sidney (Hardy, 1926, p. C23); (PMBC). Rupert Dist., Quat- sino (PMBC). Sooke Dist., Sooke (Cowan, 1937, p. K18). Eurycea bislineata bislineata Green NORTHERN TWO-LINED SALAMANDER Range in Canada: Southern Ontario east of Georgian Bay, eastward into New Brunswick; northward in Quebec to Lake St. John and the Matamek River. Map 19. Canadian locality records: NEW BRUNSWICK. Charlotte Co., St. Andrews (ROM). Kings Co., Browns Flats (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Northumberland Co., Chatham (ROM). Restigouche Co., Dalhousie (Bleak- ney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). Westmorland Co., 7 mi. N. of Moncton (Pc: S. Bleakney); (NMC). York Co., Scotch Lake (Bleakney, 1954, p. 168); (NMC). ONTARIO. Dundas Co., Morrisburg (ROM). Muskoka Dist., Huntsville (ROM). Nipissing Dist., Lake Timagami (ROM). Victoria Co., Coboconk (ROM). QUEBEC. Chicoutimi Co., Lake Kenogami (ROM). Lake St. John Co., Val Jalbert (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118); (ROM). Saguenay Co., Godbout (Dunn, 1926, p. 304). Lake up Matamek River (ROM). Sherbrooke Co., Sherbrooke (Trapido and Clausen, 1938, p. 118). 24 Be A ae oh ME | Map 75. Sistrurus catenatus catenatus FAMILY CROTALIDAE Sistrurus catenatus catenatus Rafinesque EASTERN MASSASAUGA Range in Canada: Southern Ontario from Lake Erie northward to French River, southeastern Sudbury District, and Manitoulin District; eastward at least to the Muskoka Lakes. Map 75. 79 Canadian locality records: ONTARIO. Bruce Co., Dorcas Bay, Red Bay (ROM). Lucknow (Gloyd, 1940, p. 52); (USNM). Tobermory (UMMZ). Essex Co., Kingsville (Miner, 1930, p. 50). Point Pelee (Stejneger, 1895, p. 414). Haldimand Co., Lowbanks (ss). Kent Co., Tillbury (Garnier, 1881, p. 38). Manitoulin Dist., Killarney (Gloyd, 1940, p. 52). Middlesex Co., Newbury (Fox, 1948, p. 160). Muskoka Dist., Arthur’s Island in Georgian Bay (ROM). Bala (Toronto Daily Star, Sept. 13, 1938. pc: Dr. J. F. McCreary). Go Home Bay, Port Severn, Sparrow Lake (ROM). Gravenhurst (NMC). Norfolk Co., Simcoe, 3 miles west of (Pc: M. Landon). Parry Sound Dist., French River (ROM). Nobel (Nobel News, Aug. 21, 1943, photo- graph). Point au Baril, 5 miles south of (ROM). Snug Harbour (Journal, E. Beaupres). Twelve Mile Lake, Wah Wash Kesh Lake (ROM). Welland Co., Port Colborne, Wainfleet (ROM). Wentworth Co., Hamilton (Hamilton Spectator, Aug. 16, 1949, photograph). : : Map 76. Crotalus horridus horridus Crotalus horridus horridus Linnaeus TIMBER RATTLESNAKE Range in Canada: Apparently now restricted to the Niagara Gorge region of Welland County, Ontario. Formerly of more extended range, probably fol- lowing the limestone outcropping northward to Manitoulin District. Map 76. Canadian locality records: ONTARIO. Essex Co., Point Pelee (Patch, 1919, p. 61); (NMC). Halton Co., Lake Medad (Galinee, 1669, Charlton, 1884, pp. 51-52). Manitoulin Dist., Fitzwilliam Island (RoM). Welland Co., Niagara Falls, Niagara Glen (ROM). Wentworth Co., Hamilton (Garnier, 1881, p. 38). | 80 Crotalus viridis viridis Rafinesque PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKE Range in Canada: Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south of Latitude 52°, eastward to longitude 108°, and west to 113°. Map 77. Canadian locality records: ALBERTA. Alderson, Diamond City (Pc: L. M. Klauber). High River, 50 miles east of (Fowler, 1934, p. 140). Iron Springs (pc: A. Loveridge); (Mcz). Lethbridge, Manyberries, Medicine Hat (ROM). Forty miles west of Medicine Hat, Redcliff, Suffield (Pc: L. M. Klauber). SASKATCHEWAN. Bellanger Creek, Cypress Hills, Eastend, Estuary, Fork of Red Deer and Saskatchewan Rivers, Governlock, South Saskatchewan River north of Prelate, Rosefield, south of Metador, Extreme southwestern Saskatchewan in Township 1, Range 30 (pc: L. M. Klauber). Map 77. Crotalus viridis viridis A Crotalus viridis oreganus ® Crotalus viridis oreganus Holbrook NORTHERN PACIFIC RATTLESNAKE Range in Canada: Interior dry region of southern British Columbia, north- ward to Lillooet, Ashcroft, and Lac du Bois (almost to 51° latitude), east- ward to Cascade, and westward to the Fraser River. Map 77. Canadian locality records: BRITISH COLUMBIA. Kamloops Dist., Ash- croft (Pc: G. C. Carl); (PMBc). Glenemma (Pc: L. M. Klauber). Lac du Bois (Carl, 1951, p. 42). Lytton (Cowan, 1937, p. K22). Lillooet Dist., Lillooet (Carl, 1951, p. 42). Osoyoos Dist., Ewings Landing, Kelowna (Pc: L. M. Klauber). Similkameen Dist., Cascade (Carl, 1951, p. 43). Grand Forks, Naramata (Pc: L. M. Klauber). Osoyoos (Pc: G. C. Carl); (PMBC). Rock Creek (pc: L. M. Klauber). Yale Dist., North Bend (Pc: L. M. Klauber). Bibliography ADAMS, M. S. and H. F. CLARK 1958 A herpetological survey of Long Point, Ontario, Canada. Herpetologica, vol. 14, pt. 1, pp. 6-10. AGASSIZ, L. 1850 Lake Superior, its physical character, vegetation and animals, Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, London, pp. i-x, 1-428. ALLIN, A. E. 1940 The vertebrates of Darlington Township. Durham County, Ontario. Trans. Roy. Can. Inst., vol. 23, pp. 83-118. 1950 An albino mudpuppy near Fort William. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 92-93. ANDERSON, R. M. 1914 Mammals collected in the Okanagan Valley, April, May and June, 1913. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1913, pp. G18—G19. BACKUS, R. H. 1954 Notes on the frogs and toads of Labrador. Copeia, 1954, no. 3, pp. 226-227. BALL, S. C. 1937 Amphibians of Gaspe County, Quebec. Copeia, 1937, no. 4, p. 230. BISHOP, S. C. 1943 Handbook of salamanders. Comstock Pub. Co., Inc., Ithaca, N. Y., pp. i-xiv, 1-555. BLEAKNEY, S. 1951 A new snake record for Nova Scotia. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 118-119. 1952 The amphibians and reptiles of Nova Scotia. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 125-129. 1953 The four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum, in Nova Scotia, Copeia, 1953, no. 3, p. 180. . 1954 Range extensions of amphibia in eastern Canada. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 165-71. 1955 Four records of the Atlantic ridley turtle, Lepidochelys kempi, from Nova Scotian waters. Copeia, no. 2, p. 137. 1958 A zoogeographic study of the amphibians and reptiles of eastern Canada. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. no. 155, pp. 1-119, maps 1-49, diagram 1. 1959 Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Linnaeus) in eastern Canada, redescription of T. s. pallidula Allen. Copeia, no. 1, pp. 52-6. BLEAKNEY, S. and F. COOK 1957 Additional records of the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum, from Nova Scotia. Copeia, no. 2, pp. 142-3. BOULENGER, G. A. 1882a Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda in the collection of the British Museum, 2nd ed. London, pp. i-viii, 1-127. BOULENGER, G. A. 1882b Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum, 2nd ed. London, pp. 1-503. 1889 Catalogue of the chelonians, rhyncocephalians and crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). London, pp. i-x, 1-311. 1893 Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London, vol. 1, pp. i-viii, 1-448. 1894 Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London, vol. 2, pp. i-xi, 1-382. 1896 Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London, vol. 3, pp. i-xiv, 1-727. 1920 A monograph of the American frogs of the genus Rana. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, Sci., vol. 55, pp. 420-457. BROWN, J. R. 1927 A Blanding’s turtle lays its eggs. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 41, no. 8, p. 185. 1928 The herpetology of Hamilton, Ontario, and district. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 125-127. BROWN, W. C. and J. R. SLATER 1939 The amphibians and reptiles of the islands of the State of Washington. Occ. Papers, College Puget Sound, vol. 4, pp. 6-31. CARL, G. C. 1940 The red salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii Gray) on Vancouver Island. Copeia, 1940, no. 2, p. 129. 1942a The long-toed salamander on Vancouver Island. Copeia, 1942, no. 1, p. 56. 1942b The western spadefoot toad in British Columbia. Copeia, 1942, no. 2, p. 129. 1943 The amphibians of British Columbia. Prov. Mus. British Columbia, Hand- book no. 2, pp. 1-62. 1944 The reptiles of British Columbia. Prov. Mus. British Columbia, Handbook no. 3, pp. 1-50. 1949 Extensions of known ranges of some amphibians in British Columbia. Her- petologica, vol. 5, p. 139. 1950 The sharp-tailed snake in British Columbia. Herpetologica, vol. 6, pt. 5, p- 116. 1955 The green turtle in British Columbia. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1954, pp. B77-8. CARL, G. C. and I. M. COWAN 1945a Notes on the salamanders of British Columbia. Copeia, 1945, no. 1, pp. 43-44. 1945b Notes on some frogs and toads of British Columbia. Copeia, 1945, no. 1, pp. 52-53. CARL, G. C., C. J. GUIGUET, and G. A. HARDY 1952 A natural history survey of the Manning Park area, British Columbia. Occ. Papers, Prov. Mus. British Columbia, no. 9, pp. 1—130. CHARLTON, B. E. 1884 The discovery of Burlington Bay. Journ. Proc. Hamilton Assoc., 1882-1884, vol. 1, pp. 41-57. CONANT, R. 1958 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of the United States and Canada East of the 100th Meridian. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, pp. i—xv, 1-366. COPE, E. D. 1886 Synonymic list of the North American species of Bufo and Rana with descriptions of some new species of Batrachia. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 23, pp. 514-526. 84 COPE, E. D. 1889 The Batrachia of North America. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 34, pp. 1-525. 1894 Acontribution to the herpetology of British Columbia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1893, vol. 45, pp. 181-184. 1900 Crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus. for year ending June 30, 1898, pp. i-xviii, 1-1270. COVENTRY, A. F. 1931 Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia of the Timagami district, Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 109-113. COWAN, I. M. 1937 A review of the reptiles and amphibians of British Columbia. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1936, pp. K16—-K25. 1939 The vertebrate fauna of the Peace River district of British Columbia. Occ. Papers Prov. Mus. British Columbia, vol. 1, pp. 1-102. COX, P. | 1898 Batrachia of New Brunswick. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, vol. 4, pp. 64-66. 1899a Freshwater fishes and Batrachia of the peninsula of Gaspe, P.Q. and their distribution in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 141-154. 1899b Preliminary list of the batrachians of the Gaspe peninsula and the Maritime Provinces. Ottawa Nat., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 194-195. 1907 Lizards and salamanders of Canada. Proc. Miramachi Nat. Hist. Assoc., no. 5, pp. 46-55. CRIDDLE, N. 1919 Additional notes on Manitoba turtles, snakes and batrachians. Ottawa Nat., vol. 32, no. 7, p. 135. CRIDDLE, S. 1937 Snakes from an ant hill. Copeia, 1937, no. 2, p. 142. CURRAN, C. H. and C. F. KAUFFELD 1937 Snakes and their ways. Harper & Bros., New York, pp. 1-285. DUNBAR, M. J. 1949 Wood frogs at Chimo. Arctic Circ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 9-10. DUNN, E. R. 1917 The salamanders of the genera Desmognathus and Leurognathus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 53, pp. 393-433. 1918 The collection of Amphibia Caudata of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 62, pp. 445-471. 1926a The salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. Smith College Anni. Pub., 1926, pp. i—viii, 1-441. 1926b The status of Siredon gracilis (Baird). Copeia, no. 154, pp. 135-136. 1940 The races of Ambystoma tigrinum. Copeia, 1940, no. 3, pp. 154-162. 1944 Notes on the salamanders of the Ambystoma gracile group. Copeia, 1944, no. 3, pp. 129-130. DYMOND, J. R. 1925 The amphibians and reptiles of the Lake Abitibi region. in A faunal investiga- tion of the Lake Abitibi region, Ontario, by Snyder, L. L., J. R. Dymond, and E. M. Walker. Univ. Toronto Stud., Biol. Ser., no. 32, pp. 1-46 (35-36). ELLIOT, R. 1905 Extracts from the diary of the late Robert Elliot. Ottawa Nat., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 173-178. 1906 Extracts from the diary of the late Robert Elliot. Ottawa Nat., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 120-126. FANNIN, J. 1898 Reptilia of British Columbia, pp. 57-58; Batrachia of British Columbia, p. 58. in Preliminary Catalogue, Prov. Mus. British Columbia. FERGUSON, D. E. 1956 The distribution of Rana sylvatica cantabrigensis Baird in western Canada and Alaska. Herpetologica, vol. 12, pt. 2, p. 132. FITCH, H. S. 1940 A biogeographical study of the ordinoides artenkries of garter snakes (genus Thamnophis). Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., vol. 44, pp. 1-133. 1941 Geographic variation in garter snakes of the species Thamnophis sirtalis in the Pacific coast region of North America. Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 570-592. FOWLER, H. W. 1915 Fishes from eastern Canada. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 67, pp- 515-546. FOWLER, R. L. 1934 Some amphibians and reptiles of the district around High River, Alberta, 1933. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 139-140. 1935 A note on the migration of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 59-60. FOX, S. W. 1948 The swamp rattlesnake in inland southwestern Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 160-161. GAIGE, H. T. 1932 The status of Bufo copei. Copeia, 1932, no. 3, p. 134. GARNIER, J. H. 1881 List of the Reptilia of Ontario. Can. Sports. Nat., vol. 1, pp. 37-39. GILPIN, J. B. 1878 On the serpents of Nova Scotia. Proc. Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, art. 7, pp. 80-88. GLOYD, H. 1940 The rattlesnakes of the genera Sistrurus and Crotalus. Chicago Acad. Sci., spec. pub., no. 4, pp. i-vii, 1-266. GRANT, R. 1941 Salientia of northern Pontiac County, Quebec. Copeia, 1941, no. 3, pp. 151-153. GROBMAN, A. B. 1941 Acontribution to the knowledge of variation in Opheodrys vernalis (Harlan) with the description of a new subspecies. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 50, pp. 1-38. GROH, H. 1909 Snake behaviour. Ottawa Nat., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 58-59. 1924 Salamanders lost, strayed or?. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 38, no. 8, p. 159. GUNTHER, A. 1858a Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the collection of the British Museum, London, pp. i—xvi, 1-160. 1858b Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum, London, pp. i-xvi, 1-281. HALL, C. E. 1947 The purple salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) in Quebec. Copeia, 1947, no. 1, p. 68. 56 ei HANTZSCH, B. 1931 Contributions to the knowledge of extreme northeastern Labrador. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 85-90. HARDY, G. A. 1926 Amphibia of British Columbia. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1925, pp. C21-C24. 1927a Report on a collecting trip to Garibaldi Park. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1926, pp. C15—C26. 1927b Amphibia of British Columbia with additional notes and corrections. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1926, pp. C37—C38. 1928 Amphibia of British Columbia with additional notes and corrections. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1927, p. E17. HARPER, F. 1931a Amphibians and reptiles of the Athabaska and Great Slave lakes region. Can. Field-Nat., vo]. 45, no. 3, pp. 68-70. 1931b Physiographic and faunal areas in Athabaska and Great Slave lakes region. Ecology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 18-32. 1956 Amphibians and reptiles of the Ungava Peninsula. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 69, pp. 93-104. HAY, O. P. 1892 The batrachians and reptiles of Indiana. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., 17th Ann. Rept., pp. 409-602. HEMING, W. H. 1935 Wood turtle from Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 49, no. 6, p. 109. HILDEBRAND, H. 1949 Notes on Rana sylvatica in the Labrador peninsula. Copeia, 1949, no. 3, pp. 168-172. HOLLISTER, N. 1912 List of the reptiles and batrachians of the Alpine Club expedition to the Mount Robson region. Can. Alpine Journ., Spec. Number, pp. 45-46. HURST, B. 1944 The amphibians of Prince Edward Island. Acadian Nat., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 111-117. 1946 Jefferson’s salamander in Prince Edward Island. Acadian Nat., vol. 2, no. 6, p. 124, JOHNSON, M. L. 1947 The status of the elegans subspecies of Thamnophis, with description of a new subspecies from Washington State. Herpetologica, vol. 3, pt. 5, pp. 159-165. JONES, J. M. 1865 Contributions to the natural history of Nova Scotia. Reptilia. Proc. Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 114-128. JONES, L. 1912 A study of the avifauna of the Lake Erie Islands. Wilson Bull., vol. 24, no. 2, pp- 95-108. KAUFFELD, C. F. 1937 The status of the leopard frogs, Rana bias and Rana pipiens. Herpetologica, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 84-87. KELLY, H. A. 1934 The hog-nosed snake (Heterodon contortrix) in Parry Sound District, On- tario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 48, no. 2, p. 39. KERMODE, F. 1922 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1921, p. M12. 1926 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1925. Reptilia, Amphibia, p. C35. 1927 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1926. Amphibia, Reptilia, pCa. 1928 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1927. Reptilia, p. E18, Amphibia, p. E19. 1929 Accessions, Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1928. Amphibia, Reptilia, p. F24. 1930 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1929. Amphibia, Reptilia, p. F22. 1931 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1930. Amphibia, Reptilia, p- C19. 1932a Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1931. Reptilia, Amphibia, p. B13. 1932b A remarkable capture of leatherback turtles off Bajo Reef, near Nootka Sound, west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1931, p. B6. 1934 Accessions. Rept. Prov. Mus. British Columbia for 1933. Reptilia, p. B9. KINDLE, E. M. 1924 Geography and geology of Lake Melville District of Labrador peninsula. Mem. Geol. Surv. Canada, no. 141, pp. 1-105. KLUGH, A. B. 1922a The economic value of the leopard frog. Copeia, 1922, no. 103, pp. 14-15. 1922b A barking frog. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 36, no. 3, p. 57. LERAY, W. J. 1928 The queen snake (Natrix septemvittata) in Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 42, no. 2, p. 42. 1930 The rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus) in Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 201-203. 1935 Another wood turtle from Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 49, no. 6, p. 109. LINDEBORG, R. G. 1950 Some herpetological records from the Quetico Provincial Park of Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 64, no. 2, p. 86. LINDSAY, R. V. 1931 The pilot black snake in Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 83-85. LOGIER, E. B. S. 1925 Notes on the herpetology of Point Pelee. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 39, no. 5, pp- 91-95. 1928 The amphibians and reptiles of the Lake Nipigon region. in A faunal investi- gation of the Lake Nipigon region, Ontario, by Dymond, J. R., L. L. Snyder, and E. B. S. Logier. Trans. Roy. Can. Inst., vol. 14, pt. 2, pp. 233-291 (279-291). 1931 The amphibians and reptiles of Long Point. in A faunal investigation of Long Point, and vicinity, Ontario, by Snyder, L. L., and E. B. S. Logier. Trans. Roy. Can. Inst., vol. 18, pt. 1, pp. 117-236 (229-236). 1932 Some account of the amphibians and reptiles of British Columbia. Trans. Roy. Can. Inst., vol. 18, pt. 2, pp. 311-336. 1939 The reptiles of Ontario. Royal Ontario Mus. Zool. Handbook no. 4, pp. 1-63, i-ii. 1941 The amphibians and reptiles of Prince Edward County, Ontario. in A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario, by Snyder, L.L., E. B. S. Logier, T. B. Kurata, F. A. Urquhart, and F. J. Brimley. Univ. Toronto Stud., Biol. Ser., no. 48, pp. 1-123 (93-106). 88 LOGIER, E. B. S. 1942 Reptiles and amphibians of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario. in A faunal investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario, by Snyder, L. L., E. B.S. Logier, and T. B. Kurata. Trans. Roy. Can. Inst., vol. 24, pt. 1, pp. 99-165 (154-163). LOOMIS, R. B. and J. K. JONES, JR. 1953 Records of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, from western Canada and Alaska. Herpetologica, vol. 9, pt. 3, pp. 149-151. LORD, J. K. 1866 The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. London, George Bently, 2 vols. Vol. 2, pp. 1-375. MARTOF, B. S. and R. L. HUMPHRIES 1959 Geographic variation in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. The American Mid- land Naturalist, vol. 61 (2): 350-389. MARCOTTE, L. 1918 La “Hyla pickeringii Holbrook”. Nat. Canadien, vol. 44, p. 114. MEEK, S. E. and H. W. CLARK 1902 Notes ona collection of cold-blooded vertebrates from Ontario. Field Colum- bian Mus., Zool. Ser., vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 131-140. MELLISH, J. T. 1878 Notes on the serpents of Prince Edward Island. Proc. Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, no. 2, art. 7, pp. 163-167. MILLS, R. C. 1948 A check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Canada. Herpetologica, vol. 4, second supplement, pp. 1-15. MINER, J. 1930 Interfering with nature. Oologist, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 50-53. MINTON, S. A. JR. 1954 Salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex in Indiana. Herpeto- logica, vol. 10, pt. 3, pp. 173-179. MOORE, J. E. 1953a Additional records of the toad Bufo cognatus in Alberta. Copeia, 1953, no. 3, pp. 180-181. 1953b The hog-nosed snake in Alberta. Herpetologica, vol. 9, pt. 4, p. 173. MOORE, J. and B. MOORE 1939 Notes on the Salientia of the Gaspe peninsula. Copeia, 1939, no. 2, p. 104. NETTING, M. G. and C. J. GOIN 1946 The correct names for some toads from eastern United States. Copeia, 1946, no. 2, p. 107. O’DONOGHUE, C. H. 1921 A preliminary survey of the biota of a sand spit in Lake Winnipeg. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 121-131. OSGOOD, W. H. 1901a Natural history of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. N. Amer. Fauna, no. 21, pp. 7-50. 1901b Natural History of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska. N. Amer. Fauna, no. 21, pp. 51-81. | PACKARD, A. S. 1866 List of vertebrates observed at Okak, Labrador by Reverend Samuel Weiz with annotations. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 10, pp. 264-277. PATCH, C. L. 1918 A list of the amphibians and reptiles of the Ottawa, Ontario, district. Ottawa Nat., vol. 32, no. 3, p. 53. 1919 A rattlesnake, melano garter snakes and other reptiles from Point Pelee, Ontario. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 60-61. 1922 Some amphibians and reptiles from British Columbia. Copeia, no. 111, pp. 74-79. 1925 Graptemys geographica in Canada. Copeia, no. 149, pp. 95-96. 1929 Some amphibians of Western North America. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 137-138. 1934a Review, Handbook of frogs and toads. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 48, no. 9, p. 146. 1934b Eumeces in Canada. Copeia, 1934, no. 1, pp. 50-51. 1937 Amphibians and reptiles of the Ottawa district. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. leaflet (mimeo. leafl.). Ottawa. 1939 Northern records of the wood frog. Copeia, 1939, no. 4, p. 235. PIERS, H. 1890 Notes on Nova Scotian Zoology. Proc. Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, art. 13, pp. 467-474. 1895 Notes on Nova Scotian Zoology. Proc. Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 8, art. 6, pp. 175-184. PREBLE, E. A. 1902 A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. N. Amer. Fauna, no. 22, pp. 1-140. 1908 A biological investigation on the Athabaska-Mackenzie region. N. Amer. Fauna, no. 27, pp. 1-574. PROVANCHER, L. 1870 Les salamandres en Canada. Nat. Canadien, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 119. 1874 Faune Canadien. Les reptiles. Nat. Canadien, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 273-278; no. 10, pp. 289-298; no. 11, pp. 321-330; no. 12, pp. 353-370. 1875 Faune Canadien. Les reptiles. Nat. Canadien, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 10-20; no. 2, pp. 42-46; no. 3, pp. 65-73. 1878 La salamandre saumonee. Nat. Canadien, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 221-222. REID, H. 1930 A study of Eupomotis gibbosus (L) as occurring in the Chamcook Lakes, N. B. Contrib. Can. Biol., vol. 5, art. 16, pp. 457-466. RICHMOND, N. D. 1952 An addition to the herpetofauna of Nova Scotia, and other records of am- phibians and reptiles on Cape Breton Island. Annals Carnegie Mus., vol. 32, art. 9, pp. 331-332. RICKER, W. E. and E. B. S. LOGIER 1935 Notes on the occurrence of the ribbed toad (Ascaphus truei Stejneger) in Canada. Copeia, 1935, no. 1, p. 46. RUTHVEN, A. G. 1908 Variations and genetic relationships of the garter snakes. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 61, pp. i-xii, 1-201. SAUNDERS, W. E. 1929 Notes on the white lipped shrew and other species in the Parry Sound District. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 207-208. SCHMIDT, K. P. . 1938a A geographic variation gradient in frogs. Field Mus., Zool. Ser., vol. 20, no. 29, pp. 377-382. 1938b Herpetological evidence for the postglacial eastward extension of the steppe in North America. Ecology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 396-407. | 90 SCHMIDT, K. P. 1953 A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Univ. Chicago Press. 6th ed., pp. i-viii, 1-280. SETON, E. T. 1918 A list of the turtles, snakes and batrachians of Manitoba. Ottawa Nat., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 79-83. SLEVIN, J. R. 1928 The amphibians of western North America. Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, pp. 1-144. SLIPP, J. W. and G. C. CARL 1943 Northward extensions of the range of Ascaphus. Copeia, 1943, no. 2, p. 127. SMITH, D. A. 1953 Northern swamp tree frog, Pseudacris nigrita septentrionalis (Boulenger ) from Churchill, Manitoba. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 181-182. SPECK, F. G. 1925 Bufo americanus on the Labrador peninsula. Copeia, no. 138, pp. 5-6. SQUIRES, H. J. 1954 Records of marine turtles in the Newfoundland area. Copeia, 1954, no. 1, p- 68. STANWELL-FLETCHER, J. F. and T. C. STANWELL-FLETCHER 1940 Naturalists in the wilds of British Columbia. Sci. Monthly, vol. 50, Feb., 1940, pp. 125-137. STEJNEGER, L. 1895 The poisonous snakes of North America. Ann. Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1893, pp. 337-487. STEJNEGER, L. and T. BARBOUR 1943 A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Cambridge, 5th ed., pp. i-xix, 1-260. STERNBERG, C. M. 1930 Garter snakes as fishermen. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 44, no. 6, p. 149. STORER, T. I. 1925 A synopsis of the Amphibia of California. Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., vol. 27, pp. 1-308. 1932 The western limit of the range of Chrysemys picta bellii. Copeia, 1932, no. 1, pp. 9-11. 1937 Further notes on the turtles of the North Pacific coast of North America. Copeia, 1937, no. 1, pp. 66-67. SWARTH, H. S. 1936 Origins of the fauna of the Sitkan District, Alaska. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 59-78. TAYLOR, E. H. 1935 A taxonomic study of the cosmopolitan scincoid lizards of the genus Eumeces with an account of the distribution and relationships of its species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 23, pp. 1-643. THACKER, T. L. 1924 Notes on Bell’s painted turtles (Chrysemys marginata bellii) in British Columbia. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 164-167. TONER, G. C. 1933 Over winter eggs of the snapping turtle. Copeia, 1933, no. 4, pp. 221-222. 1934 Pilot black-snake, Elaphe o. obsoleta in Ontario. Copeia, 1934, no. 1, p. 47. 91 TONER, G. C. 1935 Notes on the snakes of Leeds and Frontenac counties, Ontario. Copeia, 1935, no. 1, pp. 42-43. 1936 Notes on the turtles of Leeds and Frontenac counties, Ontario. Copeia, 1936, no. 4, pp. 236-237. TONER, G. C. and N. DE ST. REMY 1941 Amphibians of eastern Ontario. Copeia, 1941, no. 1, pp. 10-13. TRAPIDO, H. and R. T. CLAUSEN 1938 Amphibians and reptiles of eastern Quebec. Copeia, 1938, no. 3, pp. 117-125. URE, G. P. 1858 Handbook of Toronto. Lovell and Gibson, Toronto, pp. i—viii, 9-272. VAN DENBURGH, J. 1898 Herpetological notes. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 139-141. 1922 The reptiles of western North America. Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. (10), vol. 1, pp. 1-611; vol. 2, pp. 613-1028. VAN DENBURGH, J. and J. R. SLEVIN 1918 The garter snakes of western North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 181-270. VLADYKOY, V. D. 1941 Preliminary list of Amphibia from the Laurentides Park in Province of Quebec. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 83-84. WATNEY, G. M. S. 1938 A new record of Plethodon vehiculum (Cooper) from Vancouver, British Columbia. Copeia, 1938, no. 2, p. 89. WILLIAMS, M. Y. 1942 Notes on the fauna of the Bruce Peninsula, Manitoulin and adjacent islands. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 92-93. WILLIAMSON, E. B. 1907 A collecting trip to north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Ohio Nat., vol. 7, pp. 129-148. WRIGHT, A. H. 1918 Notes on Clemmys. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, pp. 51-57. WRIGHT, A. H. and A. A. WRIGHT 1949 Handbook of frogs and toads of the United States and Canada. Comstock Pub. Co., Ithaca, New York, 3rd ed., pp. i-xii, 1-640, maps 1-37. YARROW, H. C. 1882 Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia, with a catalogue of specimens in the U. S. National Museum. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 24, pp. 1-249. 92 ’ i i - H ‘ | / i] } = © x s : 5 ‘ ‘ . i \ \ . | eae =a es *y \ = a Z - | ae | —"- . 7 LIBRAR\ ROYAL ONTARIO Mustum DOE a Se oe EN ~ eae a mormp nee geen permet A Peetigiy Satoh raed wes tydlecoren tie ye ee ee ae ATOM eh BD GyiniPy eel. ane IR uaa e gh. 24 RUS. R2e haven ee rey oo be, teens a + oe A Cee ge pr Reg here haan = : : Le oe 415 Ora? a ae an . CAL Qe Asa wee PA ane ee 2 SRP OS et ee. Sit a oct WW outveae son ee Nee a ~oe ae FOES Ae se = ee NES be eel Tat in bihs SAGA pe EL NEAT un weather up spe ear ee Seis