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CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME I

LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

CHECK LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME I

BY

JAMES LEE PETERS

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF BIRDS, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE

[Bund Peon 4-62

CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1931

COPYRIGHT, 1931 BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE

PRINTED AT THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A.

INTRODUCTION

It 1s now nearly thirty-two years since the first volume of Sharpe’s Handlist of the Genera and Species of Birds made its appearance. The five volumes comprising that work have long been the one and only standard catalogue available to ornithologists, and it is a pity that Sharpe’s work could not have remained so, but the rapidity of the increase of orni- thological knowledge has made it clear for a number of years that a new work along the same, or perhaps slightly more elaborate, lines was needed.

The order of families and higher groups followed in this work is essentially the same as that proposed by Wetmore in the Proceedings U. S. National Museum, 76, Art. 24, 1930, pp. 1-8. The arrangement of the subfamilies and the sequence of genera and species have been compiled from many sources and from personal examination of material. The much- mooted question of generic limits is largely a matter of indi- vidual preference. In the recognition of genera I have en- deavored to adhere to the doctrine that ‘‘the genus should be used for expressing relationships,” and that minor struc- tural differences should be considered as of specific value only, or at the most merely of subgeneric worth.

The fact that a species or subspecies is included does not necessarily mean that I am in a position to vouch for its validity; nor when a name is relegated to synonymy does it mean that the form is unrecognizable (unless, of course, the name is a direct synonym). In a work such as this which con- tains a large amount of compilation, it is clearly impossible to be critical throughout and it is absolutely necessary to refer freely to the opinions of sound ornithologists. Where a con- flict of opinion exists I have tried to follow my own best judgment. In recognizing representative forms as subspecies, even where physical intergradation does not occur, or where

vi INTRODUCTION

intergradation by individual variation is not complete, I think my own views are entirely in harmony with those of most progressive ornithologists.

In giving the ranges I have endeavored to outline con- cisely the normal range of each bird, and whether or not it is migratory; specific instances of casual or accidental occur- rence are considered to be outside the scope of a list of this character.

For each genus I have endeavored to give one or more references to recently published revisionary work, geographic lists, or to works where the principal synonymy of the genus may be found. In large genera there may be several such references, while in a small genus one or two suffice. In short, these references may be regarded as the basis on which the treatment of the genus and species rests.

It must be clearly understood by all users of this work that it does not include a complete principal synonymy. Synonyms, both generic, specific and subspecific, are given only for genera, species and subspecies described since the publication of the first volume of Sharpe’s Handlist. In many cases where the Handlist recognized as valid a form since rele- gated to synonymy, that fact is stated in a footnote. Syno- nyms not to be found in any of the volumes of the Catalogue of Birds of the British Museum are cited in full. References also in full are given for each genus and species recognized. In the large majority of cases such references have been personally verified.

Within each genus the species have been arranged in phylo- genetic sequence as nearly as can be determined; subspecies are arranged geographically from North to South and from West to East.

Fossil birds are regarded as being outside the scope of this Check-list, which deals with recent birds only. To maintain the continuity of the classification as far as possible, the fossil orders and families have been included in their properp lace, but printed in Gothic type. It has been necessary to draw a

INTRODUCTION Vil

line somewhere between fossil and recent birds, and for this purpose any bird is considered as belonging among the fossils if it is not known from at least a fragment of the skin and feathers. Recent species now known to be extinct are indica- ted by a dagger (7).

The International Code of Zodlogical Nomenclature has been followed except in the application of Article 28. Where two names are of the same date, and it has been or can be proven that one of them is actually the prior name, even if only a matter of line anteriority on the same page, then I have used the prior name, regardless of the action of some ‘‘first reviser.”’

No names have been included that have been published since December 31, 1930. The manuscript was sent to the printer late in January, 1931, and it has seemed best to close it to birds described after January first. One or two of my friends have given me advance information of new birds in manuscript, suggesting that the names be published as nomina nuda in this list in advance of their descriptions. This practice was very common seventy-five or a hundred years ago and led to much confusion in later years. It should not be attempted as late as 1931.

In the preparation of this volume I have received aid and encouragement from numerous friends. First and foremost it gives me great pleasure to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to Outram Bangs, an outstanding figure in Ornithology for over thirty years, whose kindly help and wise counsel have helped me over many a difficult group.

Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, has long encouraged me in the belief that this Check- list could be printed under the auspices of the University.

Proofs have been read in whole or in part by Mr. H. B. Conover, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, Dr. Ernst Mayr, Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy, Dr. C. W. Richmond, Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Mr. J. T. Zimmer. Miss Eleanor K. Sweet, Librarian at the Museum of Com-

Vill INTRODUCTION

parative Zodlogy, has also carefully read the proofs and de- tected many inconsistencies in citation of titles of both books and serials. —To Dr. Roberto Dabbene was submitted the manuscript covering the Rheas and the Argentine species of Tinamiformes. Mr. W. B. Alexander read over the part of the manuscript dealing with the Pelicaniformes and made numerous valuable suggestions; Dr. Erwin Stresemann per- formed the same service for the genus Accipiter; Mr. J. H. Fleming, Dr. Einar Lénnberg, Mr. W. L. Sclater, and Dr. B. Stegmann have helped me with specific inquiries. To Mr. Thomas E. Penard of Arlington, Massachusetts, I am in- debted for access to his private library containing several rarities not otherwise available in the vicinity of Cambridge. I am also indebted to the authorities of the American Mu- seum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences, and the United States National Museum for the privilege of ex- amining material in their respective institutions. I should be most remiss in my acknowledgments if I did not express my appreciation of the devotion of Mrs. R. E. Bowen, Secretary to the Bird Department at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, who painstakingly typed the entire manuscript and performed much other tedious clerical work in connection with the undertaking. 5 ee Oye

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1 June, 1931

CONTENTS

SUBOUASS ARCHABOR NTP HIBS ie) ile (2b eye yen ei el eee oo 3 OrpDER ARCHAEOPTERYGIFORMES.............. 3 HamilysArchacopteryeidae ye ys) sa. ie) eo pei ee 3

SCH ASS INTOORINIDEIBS 6 0s ee AIS ne ari lp ca ee ee 3 SUPERORDER ODONTOGNATHAR) (5). (eee e oon es oy eee 3 OrpER HESPERORNITHIFORMES .............-. 3 Hamily Hesperormmithidae) 025 0a0 | es aT 3

Ba ptormithigaca a. ee kc mean. Pe way MRO ON ic 3

Hnalormibhidaey es dici.tce 5. aac kein tee 3

OppER ICHTHYORNITHIFORMES.. . = 41 .)5. @ ls. ea se 3 Hamily-ltehthyornithidaey ess se ei ae cn i ite 3 SUPHRORDER) PAVABOGNATHAE.. 3) 5.0). 2 3. MANS Pe ee 3 ORDERTSOTRUTHIONIFORMES), 210.25. tals ace ee ee 3 Bann yas trithionigae weet see Coe bebc es ch cars 3

Genus Struthio Lines ee ee Re 3 MEORDURVRHEIRORMES ML 2 Gea) Seta OS ep Sav els 4 Marmilyahthere ae 2 ui ox peer aiak SV oedlel Mate 4 Wake Pes ie ee at 4 Genusukines Bisson os cus Ae toa Sh ae 4 PterocnemiayG. les Gray vhs . Sy oe ee 5

OUDERT CACUARIIFORMES 2 21) 8 UA Phew ee c) eu lggus nes 5 Paria CASUATIGAE 20) Sy... ARM eerter a Pata are a AR 5

Genus Casuanius Linnt..0 ha) 2 os ee ee 5

amily Dromiceridae’ 2/7054 eee ea leh he cae ae 9

Genus Dromiceius Vieillot. . . . ......-... 9

Hamily Dromormithidae. /2. sey ke tere) eee Colaee 11

ORDER “DINORNITHERORMES!, 50. eqherbeymeruel Alicen-deeereai ose 11 HamilyDinornithidaey Vs Sacks oy cared seo 11

ORDER AEPYORNITHIFORMES) ) 4.).002 4 2 Sha sla ise 2 ke 11 Bamily Aepyornitaidaey. o0v.si0 ius a te i's: 2 ee aoe 11 ORDERTAPTHRYGIFORMESH)> yi) 4) 2 Salaedobes 2 Sache se abs 11 BamualysApberyridagi ra!) is in heakagea 3 VS Pele en he 11 GenusvAnteryac Sew ces Cite eae oe ae et

ORDER Y PINAMINORMES) (004 Mus eiton io meet) LiceeNe eo pa hee ae 12 Hanalysbinamid ach cura: seven nat, Ao, cauren utente, 12

Genus LinamusBathaniis ce. 2 ee 8s 12

Nothocercus Bonaparte... . . . 2... 14

Crypturellus Brabourne and Chubb... . . 15

hyNChOCUs SPs) We sia wc y) hla) ale kyiet 23

Nothoprocta Sclater and Salun ...... 24

ING GET CGIET ele eR ad sy Ver yah Donuts 26

CONTENTS

Taoniseus |Glogen .))) 2:25) et ee ee 28 HudromiaGeonoyl yds ae 28

TinamotisnVigorsw peace eee 29

SUPERORDER) NEOGNATHA |). 3) 00.54 Sine ae eee 29 ORDER) SPHENISCIFORNERS, (11/002) (U0 ie eee pie ea 29 Hamily, Sphemiseidaey (2) 2 eich ek Ree Re a ee 29 Genus Aptenodytes J. F. Miller. ... ...... 29

Pygoscelis: Wiagler aan shea 30

Budyptes Vveillot 2. Air ene 20 ne Sal

Megadyptes Milne-Edwards. ....... ae

Hudyptula Bonaparte spool k oa eee 32 SPHenIScusS7iSSOMiy ia Wiehe ey ae eee 33

Family Cladornithidae)) (2 nein ys eae hae 34 ORDER’ GAVITFORMES! 2.04.5). 7) Sea a eke el 34 Kamily Gavildae (20) ia ee ee 34 Genus) Gavia: file: -Morstenn en) ee ee 34

ORDER) COLYMBIFORMES. | \4)).) 22/30. ee 35 Family Colymbidae |.) 0)... 204 eee 35 Genus Poliocephalus Selby), |i oe.) eee 35

Subgenus Tachybaptus Reichenbach ..... . 35 Pohocephalus Selby i225) 5) eee 37

Genus Colymbus Linné 0 5 38 Aechmophorus) Cowes) sw) sa) a 40

Centropelma Sclater and Salvin ...... 40

Podilymbus Lesson) is eae ee ee 41

ORDER, PROCELLARITFORNMES) 34) 2) elena kee 41 Family, Diomedeidac 2/4) Uns: aN) Buc aa ee 41 Genus’ Diomedea Linné. es) 2G ee 41 Phoebetriawerchenbach 4405 0-. eee 45

Family, Procellarndae... 4) ../2)00 7) aie, ee ee ee 46 Subfamily, ulmarinael) 5 yee nesies es ee 46

Genus Macronectes Richmond .......... 46

Daption Siephens® sy 2044) hee ee 47 BulmarusiStephensan ices \ eee ee A7

Halobzena: bong parte ae ee ea ee 47

Pachyptila, Bliger™ arene tae Gaia s ee 48

Subfamily, (Putininaese oe see dene Wie). 5.8 51

Genus Priocella Hombron and Jacquinot. . ... . 51 Thalassoica Reichenbach’) 5)... 3... eee 51

Adamastor' Bonaparte.) AK.) dee 51

Procellaniavhanné: 0) 0 a ee 52

Pufinusi Brisson GU Pee’ © Ay scare soa 53

Subgenus Ardenna Reichenbach ........ 53 Thyellodroma Steyneger. . . . . . =. 55

Pumnustarissont aie is) ae eee 56

CONTENTS xl

Genus Pterodroma Bonaparte .......... 60

Pagodromabonapanrtes tance (paca ee Ne 67

Bulweray bona parte \ 2 eave ne leetmutins) a) 3 67 Hamnlyieiydrobatidaekwyan, ie veils Wee pseu si ehcs 68 Genus Oceanites Keyserling and Blasius. .... . 68 Pelagodromaieichenbach ~ 2) 54 20.) 2. 69

Hregettay Bona parierws ir lan tates ol ole 69

Nesofregettay Mathews v4 2 ke ee, (Al GarrodiatHonbes) oat hed os. Kasha ne vas ules 71

Ey drobates Soren iu sits iets ie) vn ie. vi subes 72

Oceanodroma Reichenbach. . ....... 72

Subgenus Cymochorea Cowes ......... G2, Oceanodroma Reichenbach ...... 74

Genus Halocyptena Cowes 4 2 0) cre e. 75 BamilyePelecanoididaeyy shai neriwenbn vs eaiyel seach da iets 15 Genus Pelecanoides Lacépéede .......... (i)

ORDER PEED CANIFORMES Ha el) 5° Sein ashore are hae 77 SUBORDER, PHABTHONTES |.) oa fel koe ah eh fae 1 77 Hamily Phacthontidae ns 5 aaa eee oe tei ss. doen eae 77 Genus Phaethomilenenee ety er civinliacty Coe eee 77 SUBORDER ERERGAND © fi glut wet un nets.) aA. Ave iaeRee ln 79 SUperramilyPelecanoides, 2) af Gt ah aah ce) ey mae 79 Hamat PEleCAnIGAC: yin dua take eee bce pe a ey elt Re 79 Genus, Pelecamus Wanner pes os cae 79 Subgenus) Pelecanus Janne (1.52 0 2. 80 Cyrtopelicanus Reichenbach. . ... . 80

Leptopelicanus Reichenbach. ..... 81 HamilyiCypnormthidaey) 4. 204). 4 a ete 82 SupertamulySulordeaga css \o vials see ose co) ae a eye 82 amily Pelagornithidae is ts oathy celica latent cannes 82 POLO IG EHSAN GEM a em a OU CE RCA IA aR 82

Genus Moruss/veulogen 32h ne A 82

DULAC ITSSOMin aon Jo hae PAR Fy ee een, Arpt A 83

Hamuly (Phalacrocoracidach.w 2s) s a ui eas 85 Genus) Bhalacrocoraxparisson) 4). )0)s) tae ee 85 Hahetoniderien et. ews) ual onl joc te ieee 93 Nannopterumyshanpeain ss) 50 ate ot 94 Manaily7Anbingid aay oh Nsw iene Why jaeNe ashi aah) AN 94 GenuseAnhinga Ss rssony eons lay alee ee bela 94 SEBORDER IRE GANDA) ull) cu CaM UA aber. SMO oti 95 Wamntly Ere gable ei lly ade tebe Be UMA HR 95 GenusiBrevata Hacenedee peueu ll icils) Miah ann le 95 SUBORDER ODONTOPTERYGES) 2) 5 LN doe 97

Hamuily Odoutopterygidae sisi Ses eek Se) ke 97.

X11 CONTENTS

OnpER 'CICONTIFORMES |); 804 20.04 1s ees “97 SUBORDER /ARDH AR. 220°) 204 1 5. ARR OOa aer 97 Family Ardeidaer 2 \2/00\.4 a (0) Raney st seen ee 97 Sublamuly Ardeinge ) :<\.0)) 9 (2 97 Genus Ardea inné’: 2° . ieee eee 97 Subgenus Ardea Linné” {vane a, 2 ee eee 98 Pyrrherodia Finsch and Hartlaub . . . 101

Genus Notophoyx Sharpe ee ee 102 Pilherodius Bonaparte) ees > 4.) Gee 102

Butorides; Blyth) one sue) oe ikea 102 ErythocnusiSharpe yen) a0) nk see 107

Blorida) Baia ei Awe Neen, aie eee 107

Ardeola! Bote Hes ih it, de Maa eh a 107 Bubulcus:Bonaparte. 7a) eee 108 Melanophoyx Shanpe yen (oe) eee 109 Dichromanassasiindgwar 2) 2 2) 2 eee 109 Casmerodius Gloger’ 4k 8) 2 ee ee 109

Keretta 2. Forster 5 Gan ayo. vAs.c eer 110

Subgenus) Heretta 7) Morstenpae 2 2s nee 110 Hemigarzetta Mathews. ....... 111

Genus Demigretta Blyth es 3) ee 111 Mesophoyx Sharpe. 2 a1. uc a aan 112 Leucophoyx Sharpe). 2.) -/ie ane 113 Hydranassa baird. 7s) e.c8 +(e a ee 113

Agama: ieichenvach> ss) = oy =) ee eee 114 Syriemaiidqipay = 9) 2) 0 114 INycticorax Eh. Hornstein 2 haa 114 Calherodius*Bonanarte) 2) 2) 4. 2a 116

Oroanassa’ Peters! ih ql.) yy. eee 116 Nyctanassa Steynegen 5). . 2) eee 116 Gorsachius Bonaparte) ans) ser eee 117 Zonerodius Salvadone ).. -AN02)2 = 3) eee 118

Tigriomis Sharpe. es. 2 118

Tignisoma Swainson)" 2)... eee 118 Heterocnus Sharpe on 2). ee 119

Subfamily Botauringe) ji we 8 a) ee 120 Genus Zebrilus Bonaparte. 0209 2 2 Gi) ae 120 Ixobrychus Billberg 9.2): ee 120

Dupetor Heine and Rewchenow ....... 123

Botaurus Stephens) eee e 2s eee eee 124

Family Cochleariidae,.. ) <)).4 hide, Ree 125 Genus Cochleanis Brisson een es. ose eee 125 SUBORDER BALENICIPITES! \) )l) 72 ee ae See 125 Family Balenicipitidae:.) 212) ee) = eee 125

Genus BalenicepsGould. ............- 125

CONTENTS Xlil

SUBORDER CICONTAH ii) 8 ah weet OS HAM e pilin Leite: Seuss eas 126

Superramuly Scopordess i): sawn Wahi net Ne Loin 126

SMILE OCOPIUAeI ove Lae ahs ie anime are Okt ge) la ks 126

Genus Scopus Brisson, 59 ew ies Pe SE 126

SupertannlyCiconioideay, she. \y alee earee dees adda Y 126

Hamilys Cieomudse vs saya. ais) NM A hut ke Non cod ihe 126

Subfamily, Myctermmaers kl eek 126

Genus MycteriasLinne: 4) Bee ie) a. 126

Tbisibacépedey ( ) es aren te ey eee 126

Subramily/Ciconiinaec, 10 seve ee oe ie) ed) ot 127

Genus Anastomus Bonnaterre .......... 127

Sphenorhynchus Lichtenstein... .... 128

Dissoura Cabansvtaeemene. <a 5 2 128

Ciconig Bresson enn Nee sow we ws) oe 129

Huxenurayidgway sme ig 2 129

Menorhynchusibonaparié. . 5... . 129 .

Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte ....... 130

Jabiru ellipse Me ks oh ee 130

Leptoptilos Bessonynoiiuy Wield a 130

Superfamily: Vhreskiornithoideay 2. 0. Ss) 2 3. 131

Ramilybhreskiormmithidae™: \2e'200) 0h). ae 131

Subfamily Threskiornithinae ......2.2.2.2.. 131 Genus Lhreskiornis'G. Gray 6 5 a. Sirs

@arphibisiterchenbnciine ye.) 4) hace oon cies 132

Bseudibistiodgsonn tars.) eee eee 132

MDAUMAatiDISMELGOL morte ik ce joes ee 132

GeronticusalMaglen? titer. 5, t\yaheyhc. = eae 133

INipponiaevchenbach Vem. cl bs 133

bamnprioiscelcote Si sire eta css, nine aii 133

HagedashtatBonaparte \) a0) 2 8 ses 134

Bostrychia Revehenbach 2) kk 135

HMarpipronuVagleny en ori ore. iho Wile 135

MheristicuspiVagier 2 eee ee a 135

Cercibishagierty ss eeteaels sera icy ax ye 136

Mesenalyrimibisiierens in ta le les ho ae 136

Bhintosus Wiaglenme is emu sy ue tally bes 137

Guana Revchenbach Seen) hea eke 137

le gadisnMau per eek amen er Wye) Danis 138

Lophotibis Reichenbach... ....... 138

Suplamily Pla taleimpe poeta onthe oc ee Lgteel pen eee 139

Genus! Platalea Benne. onc wi o eae Meant oe 139

Plstibis Bonaparte iss) nul oo Siegleh cous, calls 140

RL UCCCRETOGEI A 34 fis vaya Vernal hw Ai. 140

SUBORDER), PHOMNEICOPTURT | 21 /n 2) Ginsneta cee WA eles 140

XIV CONTENTS

Genus Phoenicopterus: Lanne) ee ay ee ee te 140 Phoeniconaias G2 RiiGratin oie el eee 141 Phoenicoparrus Bonaparte. ........ 141 ORDER, ANSERIFORMES |... ,5. . 400s OV eee eee 142 Suporpur, ANBIMAB: 3) 6273/50). de) Gage eee 142 Family. Anhimidae 23.) oj) -). Needed Deena 142 Genus AnhimayGrissany iio) eeiuee eae eee 142 Chanans Tiger. ay bree oct ak: enone ae 142 SUBORDER’ ANSERESWe iy sus MEE Ue) a eee 143 Family Anatidae meno oi0 0 Daeg this eee ae 143 Subfamily’ Gyeminaeiayh bs as eenee lo gah eee 143 Genus ©yenus Bechstew : i euiies. 2) & eee 143 Chenopis) Wiagler = aint). .)04, 3 ee 143 Subfamily Plectropterimaes, 4)4--)3 . 1 20.) 0 144 Genus, Anseranaswbessoni dhe, SOS 144 Plectropterus Stephens. <2 2) 3. ae 144 Subfamily:Cereopsinae. 2) sieyie ee 4)) +) Vs es ee 145 Genus Cereopsis Dathamn) Wiwel's) 3)... 2) eee 145 Subfamily Anserinaey 2.01 lace ec 145

Genus Chen Bores6 \)6i je 2s) hs Se 145 Anser Brisson is pe ieicon sone ee 146 Hulabeia dtezehenbach, .:%) 5... 2 = 2. eee 148 Cyenopsis iil Brandl: oss ns none 148 PhilactesBaunister 3. =) = se 149 Brantai Scopoltinn ss isis, wnt senior 149 Nesochen| Salvadora. oo.) ine 0 151 Chloéphava layton. 2) 0) 2b ks 151 @yanochen Bonaparte, i...) \. |.) See 152 Chenonetta Brandt... 0. 6.00) 3). ae 152

Subfamily Dendrocyeninae {25.42 5). » 2) Suen 152

Genus Dendrocygna Swainson. ......... 152

Subfamuly Anatimae) ova. a ewe. os er 154

Genus Alopochem Steyneger . . ....-+-=-- 154 Neochen Oberholser. .... 4) ss |i 154 Sarkidiormis Hayton.) suey elt ie ee 155 Cainna Hlemaingy. ins ue eo ae eee 155 Asarcormis Sawadonrt |.) 5). 0) uuan cles ee 155 Coscoroba\ Revchenbach.-\\.-)). ics) eee 155 Casarca Bonaparte.) . 2 ss). 80 ee 156 Stictonetta Reichenbach. ..... =... - 156 Tadorna Mleming. Gosia se a 157 Pseudotadorma Kuroda: <5 02%. 52 2) eee 157 Nesonetta G. Ha Gray > 7) 05) 158 Anas Einne feel Wa ea) hk 158 Mareca Stephens. 22 Meee eer ene 167

Chaulelasmus Bonaparte ......... 168

CONTENTS xXV

SpatulavBareiney Bie) etree Al A. eek 169 Malacorhynchus Swainson ....-.--. 170 Rhodonessa Reichenbach ......... 170

Wax P BOLE hres, chic) |b lmprewmaan, wo Mike aconiaiacasuncheth ce 170 Dendronessa Swainson .....-.+-+..-. 171 (GHEWMISCUS EY LOTE eod ae ia wei oi can age gages Wee gal INetiapUSUBradL Eos ches ie ye ule 1 im vfs 172 Pteronetta SGUGCOTi. iy a), «\iis) silieaie al vere 172 Heteronetta S@WAGOnL | Ws aa aet vie nel eine 172 Subfannlys Nymocimaeets. gos ens tes tue oso et- i= 173 GentseNettaviMaiyis sa Den eatenke oa) ccna felitey tend ie 173 Metopiana Bonaparie, {0 2. 2 =. 2 2): 173 INvrocapMilemimnge a. a ei =) 7) +) ei ben iene 173

PACH VETCS OWE oy) So uke (esti) ue llta ol fl bs 176 Bucephalaysaud - esis <a an ers) ens 177 Clanaulawlegetncrn (tee sy ie ah aipeuiee ear st he 178

FRI SGriGMICUSaeCSsON) We ue os) a keene ee 178 Somateria Ledcecy. 2 os be eae a 179 Subgenus Hider Jarockt. . . .- --+++.- 179 Somatentaeacn ne ots errs eseaaa ar 180

Genus Arctonetta Gk Grad one) Aol] eine 180 OidemiaMlemingir st. oo = le as) cues 180 Melanittasore ste uel te crs ta polyenes 181 Subgenus Melanitta Bore... .... +... 181 ‘Pelignetia Ong es ite, et, RP ee, 182

Genus Camptorhynchus Bonaparte. ....... 182 Rolysticty Higomes ies wy a) SUA elas 182 bymenolaimus’G. Gray. 302 es eee 183 Salvadorina Rothschild and Hartert. ... . 183 Subfamily Oxylltimaey s) Osc eso ee ep anes een ree 183 Genus Thalassormis Pytons = ee ye ee 183 INOMON Xe lGgwuay) 3. -niceis 1 a= hcee Mere 183 OxquitarBanagpanen a. lke wey Selo: 184 IBIZIMITAMSICDIENS EM Lo ouant Coan ete tee 185 Subfamily: Mienoingec, cy 2 tes sats sy Se. eae cree 185 Genus MercellusSelbyr .. Sits as 2k 185 Lophodytes Reichenbach ........-. 185

IMECT AUS CURE come ger nes eine Seba tee 186 Subfamily, Merganettinae,. 2 2 fac <0) ys ee 188 Genus MerganetiaGould 7 meu. Wiles ve ee a i 188 ORDERS WATCONTNOR MES) ia)y whoa t lcci ae o's aia Rages) a 189 SUBORDER, CATHAR TAMMIE MeV sUete Vale hla Sl Ske 189 BamilyaCathartidge nme eincia tienen. =) bie ale ses 189 Genus Vulturiiinne Hae wae es ye eas 189 Sarcoramphus)Daménl it! Se 189

WorasypsiGeogroymm tine 0s. ee iS yale 190

Xvl CONTENTS

Cathartes [lligen. 2 i 3 ieee 190 Gymmnogy ps Lesson 35) a eee 191

Family. Teratornithidae). 02.9 4c20> 2) se ee 192 SUBORDER PARCONES..” 005). .00/ 0 192 Superfamily Sagittarioidea, - 2/07) =) ye 192 Hamily Sagittaritdae) 0.3)... 24 192 Genus Sagittarius Hermann ........... 192 Superfamily Faleonoidea, 02.0...) 192 Family Accipitridae 92) \00) oC 192 Subfamily Elaninae)!) 0c (2,8). ee 192 Genus Elanus' Savigny) 30.75 0.0. se ee 192 Chelictinia Lesson.) oo. 193 Machaerhamphus Westerman ....... 194

Subfamily Pernmae)( 940) 2 2) 194 Genus’ Hlanoides Vieillot: 194 Aviceda Swainson... 5G. 2 195 Henicopernis.G. A. Gray. |. >. eee 198

Pernis Cuvier ooo). yo. he 198 Odontriorchis Kaup- ~ 2) -\>. (ee 199 Chondrohierax Lesson =) ee 200

Subfamily Milvinae’ > ..0. 5)... 3) 200 Genus Harpagus Vigors. = 202. 2. > eee 200 letinia Vieillot..)3 2.50: a er 201 Rostrhamus Lesson 9. - 2 2. ieee 201 Helicolestes Bangs and Penard. ...... 202

Milyus Lacépede. 3... 202 Lophoictinia Kaup .. :).0. > See 204 Hamuirostra, Brown... 2) 2 204

Haliastur Seley 04.045 2 ee 204

Subfamily ‘Accipitrinae . 9. 2 2.4 . . ee 205 Genus Accipiter Brisson 2... |... er 205 Erythrotriorchis Sharpe... . eae 225 Meliérax,G: Ro Gray 2...) 225 Heterospizias Sharpe). . |... . eee 226 Urotnorchis Sharpe: 227

Subfamily Buteoninae )-.) 2 50). . See 227 Genus Geranoasetus Kaup . .°5. . >. . ee 227 Buteo Lacépede 2. us)... 228

Parabuteo Ridgway 2)... . se 240

Asturina Vieullot 20.00 20.0) 240 Leucopternis Kaup. 25). 79 ae 241 Kaupifaleo Bonaparte). ) < ©. eee

Butastur: Hodgson «2.0 5c) 2 eee 243 HypomorphnusiCabanis: a2, 2 eee 244 Buteogallus Lesson) ie e505 . eee

BusarellusWofresnaye 3... . eee 245

CONTENTS

Harpyhalietus Lafresnaye. ........ Wrubitornisw/Vencauniie Ley te es Morphnus) Dumonti act no. eae 8 eo Harpranirerllormes Wala here, nal ie ce ces Pithecophaga Ogilvie-Grant ........ Harpyopsis Salvadoner tinge ii aie eh 3 es Ororetusvedgwaye yy wee ee tel ee Sl el) ks SpizasturiG. Ah \Graynisnwe ss 3h eae WI PIZAC TIS IV LEELLOUN Monee vitae elt Wisk) gy erees. Meine Rophactustkaupia i atih 2 bis a) a Cassinsetus W/inscldters. os as Stephanoaétus W. L. Sclater. . . . . ... PolemactustHeme@® vatanwenars ae ores Pheraactus ai vei acsearle ee a ase. INGA TISSOR edie) os fe so ea Notions he WroORetISUCOU DH okt he Ries ce hel a eacloaley fe TetinaetusrBlyies Mo ia ays pe kee HalsectusiSavigniyies)... 0s. eae Ichthyophagarbessom 2.0. 3 = 20a. ea

Subtamiuly,“Aepryplinaehus ie: 2a Sek ae ee Genus Sarcomypssesson, 72) Ao) wi): uA Sas oS eRe

PROT EOS MICA STAN ete ee cries ch an til Ui bcd eee NES PUSS QUOT inte A Ln no bot ce Sallie et MEM POWOCE WS LESSON lk wii a a hi tas Ong GPS SAVIN geo. wire Ue in shh aadh es) ee hoes IRSCUGOZY PSusSvanperariis: costs, moles. ede beees INecrosyrtes) Glogeiay o1.sht4 0s) es to ee ame INGO pNTOMISGUGIyh Vmine aan eh rece ty vena Gypohierax, ALR l ss ee to le mesh omen Gy pac bish SLOMaG aie) y=.) eens waned oy Ma coute

Subtamulys@inciae we oki, asc hae peers wesc Ts Genus Girens|Daccnedes No pace Win eee aa ae

Geranospiza Kau e055) ais 5 ea ae Gymmnovenys essere (4h ean ee ee

Subfamily; Cireaetinae spe uo se see Genus! Derathopius Lesson. ei 2 ee ee

Wircactusieulol. ae paneer yet a: Spilormis (Gs Wy Grouynen Sy ees Ay ete ey DryotriorchisiShelleymow es.) de ese MutriorehisiSha@npe: siteees, | oe okt jes) eae

Subfamily Pandioninagy: |. hve) 2) ae an

Genus PandionySavrgny is sles ss se ne

HarnilyclalConid ace ieee pom wii she) co dates ae ue

subfamily Herpetotherinae . . .... ....... Genus Herpetotheres Vieillot .......2.2.. NMacrasturi Get Gy iyme tran tie cor rs oa or

Xvill CONTENTS

Subfamily Polybormae =<) yee ie” eee 278 Genus Daptnus: Veeillot 2). a eee 278 Milvago Spict 5 vais A er 279 Phaleoboenusi@Orhigny:.))) 2 2) eee 279 Polyborus: Viewed!) 04, 227 2) ae 280 Subfamily Poliuhteracnaey/7 7/240 2) 2 eee 281 Genus Spizapteryx Kaup) 2.2) 3) ee 281 Gampsonyx-Vigorse 28 52). 2 281 Polihiérax"KMaup 2a? ee 282 Microhierax Sharpe ees.) . 43 2 eee 282 Neohierax Swann }).92.'s| & 25. 283 Subfamily Faleoninae™ 4) ..2920290).) 5.9 284 Genus Falco Eanneé \S 0. ae se 284 Subgenus Hierofaleo Cuvier... . .. 2.2: 284 NotofaleoWathews)® 2-2)? 2a 287

Nesierax: Oberholser. 02... ee 287 Rhynchodoniizsch. =). |. eee 287

Kaleo Linné i. Aon 2 ee 291

Rhynchofaleo Ridgway. ....... 294 Tinnunculus)Vredllol . 7) 1 ee 294

Dissodectes P. L: Sclater |. eae 297

Cerchneis; Bove)... . > Oe 298

Genus leracides Gould) 9 tua. 2 > See 305

New name proposed in Volume I Falco sparverius eidos nom:nov. io: 6... 2/2 2 2 er 305

ENDER 55 SL AA EY Oo ee) ae pee etn Ase de. rrr 307

CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ciass AVES

Suscuass Archaeornithes Orver Archaeopterpgiformes Famity Arehaeopterpgidae

Susctass NEORNITHES

SuPrrorpEeR @dontognathae Orver Hesperornithiformes Famity Hesperornithidae

Famity Baptornithidae Famity Enaliornithidae Orver Jehthpornithiformes Famity Jehthpornithidae

SUPERORDER PALAEOGNATHAE

OrpeR STRUTHIONIFORMES Famity STRUTHIONIDAE

Genus STRUTHIO Linné

Struthio Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. Type, by subsequent designation, Struthio camelus Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63.) cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 5-13. Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 81-83. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 1-2.

Struthio camelus camelus Linné

Struthio Camelus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (Syria, Arabia, Lybia, Africa. Restricted type locality, North Africa, Roths- child, supra p. 83; further restricted to Sennar, Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 139.)

North Africa, south of the Atlas Mountains to the Egyptian Sudan and the Danikil Coast. Struthio camelus spatzi Stresemann

Struthio camelus spatzi Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 138. (Rio de Oro.)

Rio de Oro, western Africa.

4 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~— Struthio camelus syriacus Rothschild Struthio camelus syriacus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 83. (Syrian Desert.) Syrian and Arabian Deserts.

Struthio camelus molybdophanes Reichenow

Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow, Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 202. (Somaliland.) Somaliland and Gallaland, south to the Tana River.

“—— Struthio camelus massaicus Neumann Struthio massaicus Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 46, 1898, p. 243. (Ukamba, Kenya Colony.) Eastern parts of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory.

—— Struthio camelus australis Gurney Struthio australis Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 253. (South Africa.) South Africa, south of the Cunene and Zambesi Rivers.

OrpDER RHEIFORMES

Famity RHEIDAE Genus RHEA Brisson Rhea Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 46; 5, 1760, p. 8. Type, by monotypy, Struthio americanus Linné. cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 81-84. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 183, 1926, p. 23-27. Rhea americana americana (Linné)

Struthio americanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (South America = Sergipe and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)

Northern and eastern Brazil.

Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb, Nov. Zo6l., 21, 1914, p. 223. (Barra San Juan, Colonia, Uruguay.) Southern Brazil and Uruguay.

Rhea americana albescens Lynch Arribalzaga and Holmberg Rhea albescens Lynch Arribalzaga and Holmberg, El Naturalista Ar- gentina, 1, 1878, p. 101. (Carhue, Buenos Aires, Argentina.) Rhea rothschildi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 8, 1911, p. 273. (Los Yngleses, Ajé, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

ORDER CASUARIIFORMES 5

Argentina from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Rio Negro.

Grenus PTEROCNEMIA G. R. Gray Pterocnemia G. R. Gray, Hand List Bds. Brit. Mus., 3, 1871, p. 2. Type, by monotypy, Rhea darwinit Gould = Rhea pennata d’Orbigny. cf. Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1913, p. 79-81. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 27. ~ ~Pterocnemia pennata garleppi Chubb Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppit Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1913, p. 79. (Esperanza, 4000 met., Bolivia.) Highlands of extreme southeastern Peru, Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Pterocnemia pennata tarapacensis Chubb

Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1913, p. 79. (Canchosa, Tarapacd, Chile.)

Northern Chile (Tarapaca).

~——-Pterocnemia pennata pennata (d’Orbigny)

Rhea pennata d’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mérid., 2, 1834, Itin. p. 67, note. (Patagonia.)

Argentina from the Rio Negro to the Straits of Magellan.

OrpvER CASUARITFORMES

Famity CASUARIIDAE

Genus CASUARIUS Brisson!

Casuarius Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 46; 5, p. 10. Type, by tautonymy, Casuarius Brisson = Struthio casuarius Linné. cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodél., 34, 1927, p. 34-37. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 2-7. Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1912, p. 49-52. Rothschild, Trans Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1900, p. 109-148, pl. 22-41.

Casuarius casuarius casuarius (Linné)

Struthio Casuarius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (Asia, Sumatra, Molucca, Banda; correct type locality, Ceram. Cf. Roths- child, supra, p. 115.)

Ceram.

1 For the final arrangement of the members of this genus I am indebted to Dr. Ernst Mayr.

6 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Casuarius casuarius altijugus P. L. Sclater

Casuarius altijugus P. L. Sclater, Nature, 17, 1878, p. 375. (Wandam- men, Dutch New Guinea.)

Casuarius casuarius bistriatus van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 29, 1907, p. 205, pl. 8. (North coast of Dutch New Guinea.)

Geelvink Bay district, Dutch New Guinea.

Casuarius casuarius lateralis Rothschild Casuarius casuarius lateralis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1925, p. 30. (North coast of northeast New Guinea.)

Northern coast of New Guinea. (Gaza River region.)

~~ Casuarius casuarius sclaterii Salvadori

Casuarius sclaterii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, 1878, p. 422. (Coast opposite Cornwallis Island, southeast New Guinea.)

Coast of southern New Guinea from Princess Marianne Straits to Milne Bay. Casuarius casuarius beccarii P. L. Sclater

Casuarius beccarit P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1875, p. 87, fs. 1,2. (Wokan Island, Aru Islands.)

Wokan Island, Aru Islands.

Casuarius casuarius violicollis Rothschild Casuarius casuarius violicollis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1899, p. 27. (Trangan Island? Aru Islands.)

Trangan Island, Aru Islands.

Casuarius casuarius johnsonii F. Mueller

Casuarius johnsonii F. Mueller, Australian, Dec. 15, 1866. (Gourie Creek, Queensland.)

Casuarius casuarius hamiltoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 124. (Cairns, North Queensland.)

North Queensland.

Casuarius bicarunculatus tricarunculatus Beccari

Casuarius tricarunculatus Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1876, p. 717. (Warbusi, northwest New Guinea.)

Casuarius salvadorit Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. de France, 1879, no. 539, p. 350. (Warbusi,)

Geelvink Bay district, Dutch New Guinea.

ORDER CASUARIITFORMES 7

Casuarius bicarunculatus intensus Rothschild

Casuarius casuarius intensus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1898, p. 21. (Unknown.)

Southwestern New Guinea.

Casuarius bicarunculatus bicarunculatus P. L. Sclater

Casuarius bicarunculatus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1860, p. 211. (No locality given.)

Wammer and Kobroor Islands, in the Aru Islands.

Casuarius bicarunculatus intermedius Rothschild Casuarius bicarunculatus intermedius Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1928, p. 10. (No type locality.)

‘“‘Probably the two larger islands between Kobroor and Trangan, Aru Islands.”

Casuarius bicarunculatus chimaera Rothschild Casuarius casuarius chimaera Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 39. (Unknown.)

Range unknown.

Casuarius bennetti papuanus Schlegel

Casuarius papuanus Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p. 54. (Andai, Berau Peninsula.)

Casuarius edwardsi Oustalet, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1878, p. 389, pl. 21. (Dorey.)

Casuarius rogersi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1928, p. 87. (No type locality.)

Geelvink Bay region, New Guinea.

Casuarius bennetti goodfellowi Rothschild

Casuarius papuanus goodfellowi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 7. (Jobi Island.)

Jobi Island.

Casuarius bennetti claudii Ogilvie-Grant

Casuarius claudii Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1911, p. 25. (Iwaka River; 4000-5000 feet.)

Snow Mountains, New Guinea.

—-—— Casuarius bennetti hecki Rothschild

Casuarius picticollis hecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1899, p. 49. (German New Guinea.)

8 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Casuarius foestert Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1913, p. 66. (Two days inland from northwest end of Huon Gulf; 1000 met.)

Casuarius keyssert Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1912, p. 50. (Rawlinson Mountains, German New Guinea.)

Saruwaged Region of northeastern New Guinea.

Casuarius bennetti picticollis P. L. Sclater

Casuarius picticollis P. L. Sclater, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1874, p. 138. (Dis- covery Bay, southeastern New Guinea.)

Lowlands of southeastern New Guinea.

Casuarius bennetti loriae Rothschild

Casuarius loriae Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 513. (British New Guinea, type from Aroa River.) Aroa River Region of southeastern New Guinea.

Casuarius bennetti bennetti Gould

Casuarius Bennetti Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1857, p. 269, Aves, pl. 129. (New Britain.)

Casuarius bennetti maculatus Rothschild, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1900, p. 148. (Habitat unknown.)

New Britain.

Casuarius bennetti roseigularis Rothschild

Casuarius roseigularis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, 1905, p. 32. (“Habitat unknown.’’)

Range unknown.

Casuarius unappendiculatus philipi Rothschild Casuarius philipi Rothschild, Nov. Zoél., 5, 1898, p. 418. (‘‘ Probably eastern German New Guinea.’’)

Range unknown.

Casuarius unappendiculatus mitratus Rothschild

Casuarius unappendiculatus mitratus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 38.. (Habitat unknown.)

Casuarius uniappendiculatus multicolor Le Souef, Emu, 29, 1930, p. 242, pl. 39. (Based on a captive bird believed to have been taken in the Bainings District, 30 miles west of Rabaul, New Britain.) 4

New Britain(?). Casuarius unappendiculatus doggetti Rothschild

Casuarius doggetti Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 39. (No locality.)

Range unknown. 1 Kinghorn, Emu, 30, 1930, p. 48-50.

ORDER CASUARIIFORMES 9

Casuarius unappendiculatus unappendiculatus Blyth Casuarius unappendiculatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 29, 1860, p. 112. (No locality.) Island of Salawatti (and Misol?).

Casuarius unappendiculatus occipitalis Salvadori

Casuarius occipitalis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 718, note. (Jobi.)

Island of Jobi.

Casuarius unappendiculatus rothschildi Matschie

Casuarius rothschildi Matschie, Journ. f. Orn., 49, 1901, p. 268. (No type locality = Berau Peninsula. Ez f. of C. unappendic- ulatus Rothschild, not Blyth, in Trans. Linn. Soc. London.)

Berau Peninsula, western New Guinea.

Casuarius unappendiculatus aurantiacus Rothschild

Casuarius unappendiculatus aurantiacus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1899, p. 50. (German New Guinea.)

Northeastern New Guinea.

Casuarius unappendiculatus rufotinctus Rothschild Casuarius unappendiculatus rufotinctus Rothschild, Trans. Zodél. Soc. London, 15, 1900, p. 1387. (Unknown.) Casuarius unappendiculatus suffusus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 39. (Unknown.) Northern coast of New Guinea from Humboldt Bay westward.

Casuarius hagenbecki Rothschild

Casuarius hagenbecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 40. (No locality.) Range unknown.

Casuarius jamrachi Rothschild

Casuarius jamrachi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 40. (No locality.) Range unknown.

Famity DROMICEIIDAE GENus DROMICEIUS VIEILLot Dromiceius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 54. Type, by monotypy, Caswarius novaehollandie Latham. Peronista Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 107. Type, by original

designation, Dromaius peronit Rothschild = Casuarius diemenianus Jennings.

10 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 35, 1929, p. 42. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1912, p. 1-26. Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 175-176. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 1-2.

Dromiceius n. hollandiz woodwardi Mathews Dromiceius novaehollandiae woodwardi Mathews, Nov. Zoél., 18, 1912, p. 175. (Strelly River, Northwest Australia.)

Northwest and midwest Australia, Northern Territory, northern Queensland(?).

- Dromiceius n. hollandie n. hollandize (Latham) Casuarius N. Hollandie Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 665. (New Hol- land = Sydney, New South Wales.)

Central and southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and southern Australia.

Dromiceius n. hollandiz rothschildi Mathews Dromiceius novaehollandiae rothschildi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 175. (Gracefield, Southwest Australia.)

Southwestern Australia.

+ Dromiceius n. hollandie diemenensis (Le Souef) Dromaeus diemenensis Le Souef, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1907, p. 13. (Tasmania.) Dromiceius novehollandie gunni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, 1922, p. 175. (New name for diemenensis.) Tasmania (formerly, now extinct).

+ Dromiceius diemenianus! (Jennings)

Casuarius diemenianus Jennings, Ornithologia, 1828, p. 382. (Kangaroo Island.)

Dromaius peroni Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 235, pl. 40. (Kan- garoo Island.)

Dromaius parvulus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 19, pl. 3. (Kan- garoo Island.)

Kangaroo Island, Australia (formerly, now extinct).

1 Dromaeus minor Spencer, Vict. Nat., 23, 1906, p. 140. (King Island, Bass Strait.) Based on bones only.

Dromaeus bassi Legge, Emu, 6, 1907, p. 119. (King Island.) Based on bones only.

Dromiceius spenceri Mathews, Nov. Zoél., 18, 1912, p. 176, note. (New name for the Emu figured as Dromaeus minor in Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, pl. 4. Cited as a synonym of D. diemenianus in Syst. Av. Australas., 1927!!)

ORDER APTERYGIFORMES 11

Famity DBromornithidae Orver Dinornithiformes Famity Dinornithidae Orver GEppornithiformes Famity GEppornithidae

OrpER APTERYGIFORMES Famity APTERYGIDAE Grnus APTERYX SHaw Apteryx Shaw, Nat. Miscell., 24, 1813, pl. 1057, 1058. Type, by mono- typy, Apteryx australis Shaw. Stictapteryx Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76. Type, by original designation, Apteryx owenwi Gould.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 34, 1927, p. 31-32. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 7-8. Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 204-206. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 19380, p. 55-62.

—— Apteryx australis mantelli Bartlett

Apteryx Mantelli Bartlett, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1850 (1851), p. 275. (North Island.)

New Zealand: North Island.

——. Apteryx australis australis Shaw

Apteryx australis Shaw, Nat. Miscell., 24, 1813, pl. 1057. (New Zealand. Type from Dusky Sound, South Island.)

New Zealand: South Island.

-. Apteryx australis lawryi Rothschild !

Apteryx lawryi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 61. (Stewart Island.)

New Zealand: Stewart Island.

—— Apteryx owenii Gould

Apteryx Owenii Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1847, p. 93. (New Zea- land.)

New Zealand: South Island (formerly on North Island?).

1 This is a recognizable race, fide J. H. Fleming in litt.

12 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

. Apteryx haastii Potts

Apteryx Haastii Potts, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 4, 1872, p. 204. (Okarita, South Island.)

New Zealand, West coast ranges of South Island.

OrpDER TINAMIFORMES

Famity TINAMIDAE Genus TINAMUS LatHam

Tinamus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 633. Type, by subsequent desig- nation, Tinamus brasiliensis Latham = Tetrao major Gmelin (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63).

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 12, 1913, p. 577-589. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 1-2. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 187-189. Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., 69, no. 8, 1929, p. 150-152. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 8.

- Tinamus tao tao Temminck

Tinamus tao Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 569, 749. (State of Pard.)

Northern and central Brazil east to the Rio Tapajéz.

Tinamus tao septentrionalis Brabourne and Chubb

Tinamus tao septentrionalis Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 12, 1913, p. 578. (Plains of Cuman4, Venezuela.)

Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana.

Tinamus tao kleei (Tschudi) Crypturus kleet Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1848, p. 387. (Rio Chanchamayo and Chunchotambo.) Eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador? (exact limits not known).

Tinamus tao weddelli Bonaparte Tinamus weddelli Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 881, 954. (La Paz, Bolivia.)

Northern Bolivia. (Perhaps not different from kleez.)

Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot) Cryptura solitaria Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 105. (Paraguay.) Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Misiones.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 13

——~Tinamus major robustus Sclater and Salvin

Tinamus robustus Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1868, p. 87, pl. 44. (Choctum, Guatemala.)

Southeastern Mexico south in the Caribbean lowlands to Honduras and in the highlands to northern Nicaragua. —— Tinamus major fuscipennis Salvadori

Tinamus fuscipennis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 500. (Escondido River and San Rafael,! Nicaragua.)

Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua southward through eastern Central America to the Canal Zone. ~~ Tinamus major castaneiceps Salvadori

Tinamus castaneiceps Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 507, pl. 6. (Volcan de Chiriqui.)

Southwestern Costa Rica and Pacific slope of Panama to Darien.

~— Tinamus major saturatus Griscom

Tinamus major saturatus Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., 69, no. 8, 1929, p. 150. (Cana, 2200 feet, eastern Panama.)

Extreme eastern Panama and northern Colombia.

——Tinamus major latifrons Salvadori

Tinamus latifrons Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 506. (Balzar Mountains, Ecuador.)

Tinamus robustus inexpectatus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 12, 1913, p. 578. (Salidero, northern Ecuador.)

Western Colombia (Barbacoas) to western Ecuador (Balzar).

Tinamus major zuliensis Osgood and Conover

Tinamus zuliensis Osgood and Conover, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zo6l. Ser., 12, 1922, p. 24. (Rio Cogollo, District of Perija, Venezuela.)

Semiarid districts of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. ——Tinamus major major (Gmelin)

Tetrao major Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 767. (Cayenne and Guiana.)

Trachypelmus subcristatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reise Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 749.

The Guianas and northern Brazil. 1 Since San Rafael is within the range of robustus I hereby restrict the type

locality of fuscipennis to the Rio Escondido. 2 Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1927, p. 145.

14 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—~ Tinamus serratus ruficeps Sclater and Salvin

Tinamus ruficeps Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 162. (Western Ecuador, Panama, Chiriqui; type from Rio Napo, Ecuador, fide Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 507.)

Northern (?) Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru.

Tinamus serratus peruvianus Bonaparte Tinamus peruvianus Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 573, note. (No type locality given = Peru.) Province of Huanuco, eastern Peru.!

Tinamus serratus serratus (Spix) Pezus serratus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 61, pl. 76. (Rio Negro, Brazil.) Tinamus major Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 502. (Not Tetrao major Gmelin.) Southern Venezuela (Upper Caura Valley), western Brazil (valleys of the Rio Negro, Madeira and Guaporé Rivers).

~ Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln, Verh. Zo6l.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1126. (Brazil. Borba, fixed as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zodl., 14, 1907, p. 409.) Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to the mouth of the Amazon? and south to northeastern Bolivia.

Genus NOTHOCERCUS Bonaparte

Nothocercus Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 881. Type, by subsequent designation, Tinamus julius Bonaparte (Salva- dori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 509.)

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 2. Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p. 1-3. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 9.

Nothocercus nigrocapillus (G. R. Gray) Tinamus nigrocapillus (sic) G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 98. (Chile, error, = Central Bolivia.)

Mountains of central Bolivia.

Nothocercus fuscipennis Chapman Nothocercus fuscipennis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p. 1. (Andes west of Popayan, 10,340 feet, Colombia.) Western Andes of Colombia.

1 Cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 719. 2 Cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 26, Abth. 2, 1912, p. 82.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 15

—~ Nothocercus julius julius (Bonaparte) Tinamus julius Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, 1854, p. 663, note. (Colombia.) Nothocercus julius salvadorii Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1914, p. 95. (Ecuador.) Humid temperate zone of the Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia; northern Ecuador (Mts. Pichincha and Ambato).

Nothocercus julius venezuelensis Cory Nothocercus julius venezwelensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1913, p. 283. (Paramo de Tama, western Venezuela.)

Known only by one specimen from the type locality.

~-—-Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii (Lawrence) Tinamus frantzii Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, 1869, p. 140. (Cervantes, Costa Rica.) Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Nothocercus bonapartei bonapartei (G. R. Gray) Tinamus Bonapartei G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 97. (Valley of Aragua, Venezuela.) Subtropical zone in mountains of eastern Colombia and western Vene- zuela.

~— Nothocercus bonapartei intercedens Salvadori Nothocercus intercedens Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 513. (Frontino, Colombia.) Mountains of western Colombia.!

Nothocercus bonapartei plumbeiceps Lénnberg and Rendahl Nothocercus plumbeiceps Lénnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zodl., 14, no. 25, 1922, p. 13. (Baeza, road to Napo, 5500 feet, Ecuador.) Subtropical zone in mountains of eastern Ecuador.

Grenus CRYPTURELLUS Brasourne anp CHUBB

Crypturellus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 322. Type, by original designation, “‘C. tatawpa Temm.” (= Tinamus tatawpa Temminck.) Microcrypturus Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 30. New name for Crypturellus on grounds of preoccupation by Crypturella Silvestri. Crypturornis Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 74. New name for Crypturus auct. not Illiger. Type, by original designation, Tetrao cinereus Gmelin.

1 Cf. Hellmayr, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1208.

16 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914,

p. 319-322. (Key to forms.)

Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 3.

Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 191-193.

Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 147-150.

Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zoél. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 475-478.

Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 73-76. (Nomencl. and list of forms.)

Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Cl., 10, 1929, p. 113-114.

Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 9. (Crypturus.)

- Crypturellus cinereus (Gmelin)

Tetrao cinereus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 768. (Cayenne.)

The Guianas to eastern Peru, Rio Purtis (Cachoeira), Rio Madeira (Humayth4) to the mouth of the Amazon.

~~. Crypturellus berlepschi berlepschi (Rothschild)

Crypturus berlepschi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1897, p. 5. (Cachabé, 500 feet, northern Ecuador.) Pacific slope from northwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador.

Crypturellus berlepschi fumosus (Chapman)

Crypturus macconnelli fumosus Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 1. (Junction of Rios Napo and Curaray.)

Amazonian Ecuador (Rios Napo, Curaray and Suno) and Amazonian Peru (Rio Orosa). Crypturellus berlepschi macconnelli (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus macconnelli Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320. (Bonasica, British Guiana.)

British and Dutch Guiana.

Crypturellus castaneus (P. L. Sclater)

Tinamus castaneus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1857, p. 277. (Colombia, based on a “‘ Bogota Skin.”)

Eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador.

Crypturellus obsoletus cerviniventris (Sclater and Salvin) Crypturus cerviniventris Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1873, p. 512. (Venezuela.) Venezuela: La Valencia and La Azulita (known only from two speci- mens).!

1 Cf. Osgood and Conover, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zod]. Ser., 12, 1922, p. 25.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 17

Crypturellus obsoletus chirimotanus (Stolzmann)

Crypturus obsoletus chirimotanus Stolamann, Ann. Zoél. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 198. (Chirimoto, Huayabamba Valley, north- eastern Peru.)

Northeastern Peru: Huayabamba Valley.

Crypturellus obsoletus ochraceiventris (Stolzmann)

Crypturus obsoletus ochraceiventris Stolamann, Ann. Zoél. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p.199. (La Gloria, Chanchamayo Valley, central Peru.)

Central Peru: Chanchamayo and Vitoc Valleys.

Crypturellus obsoletus punensis (Chubb)

Crypturus obsoletus punensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 30. (Oroya, Puno, Peru.)

Southern Peru and western Bolivia.

Crypturellus obsoletus griseiventris (Salvadori)

Crypturus grisewentris Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 514 (in key), p. 521. (Santarem, Brazil.)

State of Pard: Santarem.

-Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck)

Tinamus obsoletus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 588, 751. (Brazil and Paraguay.)

Brazil from States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes south to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones).

~Crypturellus soui meserythrus (P. L. Sclater)

Tinamus meserythrus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1859, p. 392. (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.)

Southern Mexico to Honduras.

~~Crypturellus soui modestus (Cabanis)

Crypturus modestus Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 17, 1869, p. 212. (Costa Rica.)

Nicaragua, Costa Rica and western Panama.

Crypturellus soui panamensis (Carriker)

Crypturus sout panamensis Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 6, 1910, p. 379. (Loma del Leon, Canal Zone.)

Panama: Canal Zone to Darien; Pearl Islands.

18 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Crypturellus soui cauce (Chapman)

Crypturus soui cauce Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912, p. 141. (San Antonio, 6600 feet, Colombia.)

Western Colombia: Cauca and Magdalena Valleys.

~ Crypturellus soui harterti (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus sout hartertt Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Vaqueria, northern Ecuador.)

Northwestern Colombia to western Ecuador.

Crypturellus soui caquete (Chapman)

Crypturus sour caquete Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 635. (Florencia, 675 feet, Colombia.)

Southeastern Colombia, south and east of the Guaviare River.

Crypturellus soui nigriceps (Chapman)

Crypturus soui nigriceps Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 96, 1923, p. 1. (Upper Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador.)

Eastern Ecuador.

~ Crypturellus soui mustelinus (Bangs)

Crypturus soui mustelinus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 151. (Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.)

Santa Marta region of northeastern Colombia.

-Crypturellus soui soui (Hermann) Tinamus sout Hermann, Table Affinit. Anim., 1783, p. 165. (Cayenne.) From the eastern base of the Andes (north of the Guaviare River), east through Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil at least to the mouth of the Amazon. Crypturellus soui andrei (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus sowi andrei Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Trinidad.)

Trinidad.

Crypturellus soui hoffmannsi (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus soui hoffmannsi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Humayth4, Rio Madeira, Brazil.)

Middle Rio Madeira (left bank).

Crypturellus soui albigularis (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus sout albigularis Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)

Eastern Brazil from Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 19

— Crypturellus undulatus adspersus (Temminck) Tinamus adspersus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 585, 751. (State of Pard, Brazil.) British Guiana (Rupununi River!) and northern Brazil from the valley of the Rio Branco and lower Rio Madeira to the Rio Tapajéz.

—~ Crypturellus undulatus yapura (Spix) Pezus yapura Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 62, pl. 78. (Yapura and Solimoés.) Eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador and adjacent parts of Brazil (Rio So- limoés). Crypturellus undulatus confusus (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus undulatus confusus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Humaythd, Rio Madeira, Brazil.)

Brazil, from the left bank of Rio Madeira to the Rio Purts.

——Crypturellus undulatus vermiculatus (Temminck) Tinamus vermiculatus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 62, 1825, pl. 369. (Brazil.) Eastern Brazil from Maranhio and Piauhy to western Minas Geraes and northern Sao Paulo.

~— Crypturellus undulatus undulatus (Temminck)

Tinamus undulatus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 582, 751. (Para- guay.)

Nothocercus scolopax Bonaparte, Tabl. Parall. Ord. Gallinacés (extr.) 1856, p. 12, 18, no. 335. (Santa Cruz, Bolivia.)

Tinamus radiatus Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 100. (Bolivia.)

Eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso and Paraguay.

~— Crypturellus boucardi boucardi (P. L. Sclater)

Tinamus boucardi P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1859, p. 391. (Oaxaca, type from Teotalcingo.)

Southern Mexico, south in the highlands to northern Nicaragua.

~— Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis (Dwight and Griscom)

Crypturus boucardi costaricensis Dwight and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 142, 1924, p. 1. (Miravalles, 1500 feet, Costa Rica.)

Caribbean lowlands of Honduras and Nicaragua; northern Costa Rica (both slopes).

1 Crypturus simplex Salvadori appears to be a synonym.

20 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Crypturellus kerrie (Chapman)

Crypturus kerrie Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 636. (Baudo, Chocé, Colombia.)

Known only from the type.

Crypturellus atrocapillus (Tschudi)

Crypturus atro-capillus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 307. (Peru, no definite locality.)

Range not definitely known.

Crypturellus garleppi garleppi (Berlepsch)

Crypturus garleppi Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 454. (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.)

Bolivia in Department of Santa Cruz.

Crypturellus garleppi affinis (Chubb) Crypturus garleppi affinis Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 8. (Rio Blanco, Bolivia.) Bolivia in Department of Cochabamba (probably the same as g. gar- leppt). Crypturellus rubripes (Taczanowski)

Crypturus rubripes Taczanowski, Orn. Pérou, 3, 1886, p. 303. (Lechugal, Peru.)

Status and range not definitely known.

Crypturellus variegatus variegatus (Gmelin) Tetrao variegatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 768. (Guiana.)

Tinamus bimaculatus, G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 101. (South America.) ?

Southeastern Colombia (La Morelia); southern Venezuela (Caura, River); the Guianas; Rio Negro; right bank of the Rio Madeira (Calama, Borba); east to the Rio Capim and Bahia?

Crypturellus variegatus salvini (Salvadori)

Crypturus salvini Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 517 (in key), p. 537. (Sarayacu, Ecuador.)

Eastern Ecuador.

Crypturellus brevirostris (Pelzeln)

Tinamus brevirostris Pelzeln, Verh. Zoél.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1128. (Brazil.)

Cayenne and Western Brazil: Rio Negro, Rio Solimoés.

1 Brabourne and Chubb, supra, p. 320, have set up this name without, how- ever, assigning a range to the bird.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES Q1

Crypturellus bartletti bartletti (Sclater and Salvin)

Crypturus bartletti Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1873, p. 311. (Santa Cruz, eastern Peru.)

Crypturus bartletti carol Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (Gn key), p. 321. (Rio Madeira, Brazil.) = 9

Eastern Peru from the Rio Ucayali east to the left bank of the Rio Madeira.

— Crypturellus cinnamomeus occidentalis (Salvadori)

Crypturus occidentalis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516 (in key), p. 546. (San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.)

State of Nayarit, Mexico.

~—Crypturellus cinnamomeus mexicanus (Salvadori)

Crypturus mexicanus Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516 (in key), p. 545. (Monte Verde [Tamaulipas] Mexico.)

Southern parts of the State of Tamaulipas.

— Crypturellus cinnamomeus inornatus (Nelson)

Crypturus inornatus Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 253. (Metlaltoyuca, Puebla, Mexico.)

Tropical forests of northern Vera Cruz and adjacent parts of Puebla.

Crypturellus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Lesson)

Tinamus (nothura) cinnamomeus Lesson, Rev. Zo6l., 1842, p. 210. (La Union, Central America, = San Salvador.)

Southern Vera Cruz and Oaxaca south on the Pacific slope to Nicaragua.

——Crypturellus cinnamomeus goldmani (Nelson)

Crypturus sallei goldmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 169. (Chichen Itza, Yucatan.)

Yucatan Peninsula.

—.. Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes (Bangs and Peters)

Crypturornis cinnamomeus praepes Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 67, no. 15, 1927, p. 472. (Bolson, Costa Rica.)

Northwestern Costa Rica.

- Crypturellus cinnamomeus idoneus (Todd) Crypturus idoneus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 117. (Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia.)

Santa Marta region of Colombia, east to the Rio Cogollo in western Venezuela.

Q2 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Crypturellus cinnamomeus spencei (Brabourne and Chubb) Crypturus cinnamomeus spencet Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (in key), p. 322. (Venezuela.) Crypturus cinnamomeus spencei Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p-. 29. (Caracas, Venezuela. Described as a new subspecies!!) Northern Venezuela.

Crypturellus columbianus (Salvadori)

Crypturus columbianus Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 517 (in key), p. 545. (Neche, Antioquia, Colombia.) Northern Colombia.

—-Crypturellus transfasciatus (Sclater and Salvin)

Crypturus transfasciatus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1878, p. 141, pl. 18. (Santa Rosa, Ecuador.)

Arid western Ecuador and Peru from Chone to Paletillas.

Crypturellus noctivagus dissimilis (Salvadori) Crypturus dissimilis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516

(in key), p. 541. (Quonga, British Guiana.) Eastern Venezuela and British Guiana south to northern Brazil (Obidos).

__—Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (Wied) Tinamus noctivagus Wied, Reise Bras., 1, 1820, p. 160, note. (Eastern Brazil, type from Muribecca, Espirito Santo.) Eastern Brazil from Piauhy to Rio Grande do Sul.

Crypturellus erythropus (Pelzeln)

Tinamus erythropus Pelzeln, Verh. Zoél.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1127. (Brazil.)

Northern Brazil from the Rio Negro and the Rio Branco south to the Amazon and east to Obidos.

Crypturellus strigulosus strigulosus (Temminck) Tinamus strigulosus Temminck, Pig. et Gall.,3, 1815, p. 594,752. (State of Para, Brazil.)

Brazil from the Rio Madeira and the Amazon south to the Guaporé and Ciudad do Matto Grosso, east to the Rio Ourém.

Crypturellus strigulosus hellmayri (Brabourne and Chubb)

Crypturus hellmayri Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (in key), p. 322. (Humaythd, Rio Madeira, Brazil.)

Unique, perhaps not separable from strigulosus. (Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 34, 1927, p. 33.)

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 93

Crypturellus casiquiare (Chapman)

Crypturornis casiquiare Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 3. (Right bank of Rio Casiquiare at its junction with Rio Guainia, Venezuela.)

Known only from the type locality.

~—— Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler) Crypturus parvirostris Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Crypturus, no. 13. (Brazil.) Brazil south of the Amazon from the Madeira to Pernambuco and south to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay and Sao Paulo.

——— Crypturellus tataupa inops Bangs and Noble Crypturellus tataupa inops Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 445. (Perico, northwestern Peru.)

Northwestern Peru.

Crypturellus tataupa peruviana (Cory) Crypturus tataupa peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 293. (San Ramon, 2900 feet, west-central Peru.)

Peru, in Department of Junin.

—— Crypturellus tataupa tataupa (Temminck) Tinamus tataupa Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 590, 752. (Brazil and Paraguay.)

Brazil from Piauhy, Cearé and Pernambuco to Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; northern Argentina from Tucum4n to Misiones.

Genus RHYNCHOTUS Spix

Rhynchotus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 60, pl. 76c. Type, by monotypy, Rhynchotus fasciatus Spix = Tinamus rufescens Temminck.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zodl. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 479- 480. Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930, p. 77— 80. Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 434-435.

Rhynchotus rufescens catingae Reiser

Rhynchotus rufescens catingae Reiser, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Naturw. K1., 42, 1905, p. 324. (Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, Brazil, type from Palmeirinhas.)

Brazil from the Rio Madeira to the States of Piauhy and Maranh4o.

QA CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rhynchotus rufescens rufescens (Temminck)

Tinamus rufescens Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 552, 747. (Para- guay, rare in Brazil. Sao Paulo suggested as type locality by Hell- mayr, supra, p. 479, note.)

Rhynchotus rufescens allent Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 30. (Chapada, Matto Grosso.)

Eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes east to Bahia and south to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay.

Rhynchotus rufescens pallescens Kothe

Rhynchotus pallescens Kothe, Journ. f. Orn., 55, ee p. 164. (Torn- quist, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

Rhynchotus arcanus 1 Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 434. (Parandé, Province of Entre Rios, Argentina.)

Argentina from the Fomosan Chaco and Entre Rios south to Cérdoba and southern Buenos Aires.

Rhynchotus rufescens maculicollis G. R. Gray

Rhynchotus maculicollis G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 102. (Bolivia.)

Western and southern Bolivia to western Argentina (Tucum4n).

Genus NOTHOPROCTA ScuLaTER AND SALVIN

Nothoprocta Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 153, 156. Type, by original designation, Crypturus perdicarius Kittlite,

cf. Berlepsch, Proc. Fifth Int. Zoél. Congr., 1902, p. 548-549. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 5-6. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 11.

Nothoprocta taczanowskii Sclater and Salvin

Nothoprocta taczanowskii Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1874, pl. 84. (Maraynioc, central Peru.)

Central and southern Peru.

Nothoprocta kalinowskii Berlepsch and Stolamann Nothoprocta kalinowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 11, 1901, p. 192. (Licamachay, 15,000 ft.)

Central Peru. 1 Laubmann sinks arcanus as a synonym of pallescens, but Dabbene (in

litt.) believes that it may be provisionally placed as a subspecies, intermediate between rufescens and pallescens.

ORDER TINAMIFORMES 25

——Nothoprocta ornata ornata (G. R. Gray)

Rhynchotus ornatus G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 102. (Bolivia.)

Southeastern Peru and Bolivia.

Nothoprocta ornata rostrata Berlepsch

Nothoprocta ornata rostrata Berlepsch, Ornis, 14, 1907, p. 371. (Cumbre de Malamala, 3300 met., Tucumdn.)

Western Argentina in Provinces of Jujuy and Tucumdén.

Nothoprocta cinerascens (Burmeister) Nothura cinerascens Burmeister, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 259. (Tucu- man.) Western Argentina in Provinces of Salta, Tucumdn, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja, Cérdoba and Mendoza.

Nothoprocta branickii Taczanowski

Nothoprocta branickii Taczanowski, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1874, p. 563. (Junin, Peru.)

Central Peru.

Nothoprocta curvirostris Sclater and Salvin

Nothoprocta curvirostris Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Ay. Neotrop., 1873, p. 163. (Calacali and Puellaro, Ecuador.)

Paramo of Ecuador and northern Peru.

Nothoprocta oustaleti Berlepsch and Stolzmann

Nothoprocta oustaleti Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 11, 1901, p. 191. (Cora Cora, 11,500 ft., Province of Ayacucho, Peru.)

Western Peru.a 6 Ec

Nothoprocta fulvescens Berlepsch

Nothoprocta fulvescens Berlepsch, Proc. Fifth Int. Zoédl. Congr., 1902, p. 548. (Urcos, 3500 met., Cuzco, Peru.)

Southeastern Peru.

Nothoprocta pentlandii ambigua Cory

Nothoprocta ambigua Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 293. (Hacienda Llagueda, northeast of Otusco, Peru.)

Nothoprocta pentlandii simonsi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn Cl., 38, 1917, p. 30. (San Pablo, Cajamarca, 1500 met., central-north Peru.)

Southern Ecuador to northern Peru. (Temperate Zone.)

26 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Nothoprocta pentlandii pentlandii (G. R. Gray) Rhynchotus Pentlandwi G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 103. (Andes of Bolivia.) Highlands of Bolivia south to northwestern Argentina. (Temperate Zone.)

Nothoprocta perdicaria perdicaria (Kittlitz)

Crypturus perdicarius Kaittlitz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb. (sav. étr.), 1, 1830, p. “192” [= 193], pl. 12. (Valparaiso, Chile.) Cf. Chrostowski, Ann. Zodl. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 1, 1921, p. 18.

Nothoprocta coquimbica Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 551 (in key), p. 554, pl. 15. (Coquimbo, Chile.) Cf. Conover, Auk, 41, 1924, p. 834.

Northern and central Chile; Easter Island (introduced).

Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni Conover Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni Conover, Auk, 41, 1924, p. 334. (Mafil, Valdivia, Chile.) Southern Chile from Curicé south to Puerto Montt.

Genus NOTHURA WaGLER

Nothura Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Nothura. Type, by subsequent desig- nation, Tinamus boraquira Spix (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63.)

cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 705-708. Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930, p. 72-76.

Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 11. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 33-39. Nothura maculosa peruviana Berlepsch and Stolzmann

Nothura maculosa peruviana Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 101. (Santa Ana, central Peru.)

Central Peru.

Nothura maculosa agassizii Bangs Nothura agassizit Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1910, p.107. (Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru.) Highlands of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia.

Nothura maculosa boliviana Salvadori Nothura boliviana Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 558 (in key), p. 561. (Bolivia.) Southern Bolivia; Argentine and Paraguayan Chaco (west of the Para- guay and Parané4 Rivers).

ORDER TINAMIFORMES Q7

—— Nothura maculosa maculosa (Temminck)

Tinamus maculosus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 557, 748. (Paraguay.)

_ Paraguay; southern Brazil in States of Sio Paulo and Paran4; north- eastern Argentina (Misiones). Nothura maculosa savannarum Wetmore

Nothura maculosa savannarum Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 435. (San Vicente, Department of Rocha, Uruguay.)

Brazil in State of Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Uruguay.

-Nothura maculosa nigroguttata Salvadori

_Nothura nigroguttata Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 558 (in

key), p. 650. (Central Pampas, Argentina. Type from Choele Choel Rio Negro Territory.)

Argentina from Cérdoba, Santa Fé and at least southern Corrientes south to the Rio Negro; western Uruguay. Nothura boraquira (Spix)

Tinamus boraquira Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 63, pl. 79. (‘In campis petrosis districtus adamantini.’’)

Northeastern Brazil from Ceardé and Piauhy south to Bahia; also Depart- ment of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.! Nothura darwinii darwinii G. R. Gray

Nothura Darwinit G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 104. (Bahia Blanca, Argentina.)

Eastern Argentina from southern Buenos Aires province to Chubut.

—— Nothura darwinii salvadorii Hartert

Nothura salvadorvi Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 16, 1909, p. 266. (Arenal, Salta, Argentina.)

Nothura darwini mendozensts Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 31. (Mendoza, Argentina.)

Western Argentina, limits not known, but probably south to the Rio Negro and east to Cérdoba. ——Nothura minor (Spix)

Tinamus minor Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 65, pl. 82. (Tejuco [= Dia- mantina, Minas Geraes] Brazil.)

Southern Brazil from central Minas Geraes to southern Sao Paulo.

1 Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zodl. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 478.

28 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus TAONISCUS GLocErR

Taoniscus Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842, (1841), p. 404. Type, by monotypy, Tinamus pavoninus Gloger = Tinamus nanus Temminck.

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 7. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 11.

Taoniscus nanus (Temminck) Tinamus nanus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 600, 753. (Para- guay.) Paraguay; Brazil in States of Minas Geraes, SAo Paulo and Parand.

Genus EUDROMIA ! Grorrroy Eudromia Geoffroy, Mag. Zoél., 1832, cl. 2, text to pl. 1. Type, by monotypy, Eudromia elegans d’Orbigny and Geoffroy. cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 7. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 12. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 28-33. Eudromia elegans intermedius (Dabbene and Lillo)

Calopezus intermedius Dabbene and Lillo, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 24, 1913, p. 192, pl. 12. (Colalao del Valle, Tucumén.)

Andean valleys of western Tucumd4n and La Rioja, Argentina.

Eudromia elegans formosa (Lillo)

Calopezus formosus Lillo, Rev. de Litr. y Sci. Santiago, 1905, p. 39. (Type from between Las Cejas and Isca Iacu, Tucumén.)

Plains of eastern Tucumd4n and northwestern Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Eudromia elegans albida (Wetmore) Calopezus elegans albidus Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 437. (San Juan, Argentina.)

Plains of San Juan, Argentina.

Eudromia elegans morenoi (Chubb) Calopezus elegans morenoi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 31. (Neuquen ‘‘ West Patagonia.’’)

Argentina from northern Mendoza eastward to San Luis and central Pampa, south probably to the upper Rio Negro and the Limay.

1 Under the International Code, Eudromia is not preoccupied by Eudromias Boie 1832 and must take precedence over Calodromas Sclater and Salvin (not preoccupied by Calodromus Guerin 1832) and Calopezus Ridgway 1884.

ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 29

—— Eudromia elegans elegans d’Orbigny and Geoffroy

Eudromia elegans d’Orbigny and Geoffroy, Mag. Zoél., 1832, cl. 2, pl. 1

and text (mouth of the Rio Negro). Cf. Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zobl., 65, no. 9, 1923, p. 287.

Southern Argentina from southwestern Buenos Aires province westward to range of morenoi, southward to Santa Cruz.

Grenus TINAMOTIS Vicors

Tinamotis Vigors, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1836, p. 79. Type, by mono- typy, Tinamotis pentlandi Vigors. cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 8. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 12. —— Tinamotis pentlandi Vigors

Tinamotis Pentlandi Vigors, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1836, p. 79. (‘‘Andes.’’)

Mountains of central Peru south to highlands of western Argentina, above 12,000 ft. (Jujuy, Los Andes, Tucum4n and San Juan.) ——Tinamotis ingoufi Oustalet

Tinamotis Ingoufi Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., (7), 9, 1890, p. 18. (Vicinity of Santa Cruz.)

Southern Argentina in Territory of Santa Cruz. Casual in western Rio Negro.

SUPERORDER NEOGNATHAE

OrDER SPHENISCIFORMES

Famity SPHENISCIDAE Genus APTENODYTES J. F. MItier Aptenodytes J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1778, pl. 23. Type, by mono-

typy, Aptenodytes patagonica Miller.

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 7. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 63-66.

-_. Aptenodytes patagonica patagonica J. F. Miller

Aptenodytes patagonica J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1778, pl. 23. (No locality = South Georgia, fide Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 274.)

Breeds on Staten Island and South Georgia, wandering to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands.

30 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aptenodytes patagonica halli Mathews

Aptenodytes patagonica hall1 Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 272. (Macquarie Island.)

Breeds on Macquarie, Kerguelen, Crozet and Marion Islands, wandering north to Tasmania and New Zealand.

Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray

Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 315. (Antarctica, lat. 64° 77'S.)

Breeds on the shores of Antarctica; wanders north to the South Orkneys.

Grnus PYGOSCELIS Wacter Pygoscelis Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 281. Type, by monotypy, Aptenodytes papua Forster.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 226-228. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 5, 8. Mathews, Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, etc., 1928, p. 76-87.

Pygoscelis papua papua (Forster) Aptenodytes papua Forster, Comment. Gotting., 3, 1781, p. 140, pl. 3. (Falkland Islands.)

Breeds on the Falkland Islands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, South Shetlands and small Antarctic islands.

Pygoscelis papua teniata (Peale)

Aptenodytes teniata Peale, U.S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 264. (Macquarie Island.) Breeds on Macquarie, Heard, Kerguelen and Marion Islands.

Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron and Jacquinot)

Catarrhactes adeliae Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., (2), 16, 1841, p. 320. (Adélie Land.)

Breeds on shores of Antarctica, South Orkneys and South Shetlands.

Pygoscelis antarctica (Forster) Aptenodytes antarctica Forster, Comment. Gétting., 3, 1781, p. 141, pl. 4. (South Shetlands.) Breeds on the South Orkneys, South Shetlands and islands off the Antarctic continent. In winter north to the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.

ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 31

Genus EUDYPTES VIEILLoT

Eudyptes Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 67, 70. Type, by subsequent desig- nation, Catarrhactes chrysocome auct. = Aptenodytes crestata J. F. Miller.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 221-225. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 6, 8. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 10-11.

——. Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G. R. Gray

Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G. R. Gray, Voy., ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Birds, 1845, p. 17. (Waikowaiti, South Island, New Zealand.)

Breeds on the coasts of New Zealand, and at Stewart and Snares Islands. In winter to southern Australia, Tasmania and Chatham Islands. —__ Eudyptes sclateri Buller

Eudyptes sclateri Buller, Bds. New Zealand, ed. 2, 2, 1888, p. 289. (Auck- land Islands.)

Breeds on Auckland Islands.

—. Eudyptes crestatus crestatus (J. F. Miller)

Aptenodytes crestata J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1784, pl. 49. (Falkland Islands.) 1

Eudyptes cristata mosleyi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p. 11, in text. (Inaccessible Island.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island and the Falkland Islands. In winter on the Argentine coast north to Buenos Aires.

~... Eudyptes crestatus filholi Hutton

Eudyptes filholi Hutton, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, 1878, p. 334. (Campbell Island.)

Eudyptes cristata interjectus Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p.11. (Kerguelen Island.)

Breeds on Campbell Island, Antipodes Island, St. Paul Island, Kergue- len, Crozet, Prince Edward and Marion Islands.

Eudyptes schlegeli Finsch Eudyptes schlegeli Finsch, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 8, 1876, p. 204. (Macquarie Island.)

Breeds on Macquarie Island, ranges north to New Zealand and Tas- mania.

1 For change of specific name from chrysocome to crestata see Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, 1921, p. 145-147.

32 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt)

Catarhactes chrysolophus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 2, 1837, p. 315. (Falkland Islands.)

Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, Prince Edward Island, Marion Island, Heard Island and Kerguelen.

Genus MEGADYPTES Mitne-Epwarps

Megadyptes Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., (6), 9, 1880, art. 9, p. 56. Type, by monotypy, Catarrhactes antipodes Hombron and Jacquinot.

cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 67-69.

Megadyptes antipodes (Hombron and Jacquinot)

Catarrhactes antipodes Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., (2), 16, 1841, p. 320. (Auckland Islands.)

Breeds on the Otago Peninsula of South Island, Stewart, Auckland and Campbell Islands.

Genus EUDYPTULA BonaparTE Eudyptula Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 775. Type, by monotypy, Aptenodytes minor Forster. cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1912, p. 280-286.

Eudyptula minor novehollandiz (Stephens)

Spheniscus novehollandie Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zodl., 18, pt. 1, 1826, p. 68. (Port Jackson, New South Wales.)

Eudyptula minor woodwardi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 199. (Sandy Hook Island off West Australia.) cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 35, 1929, p. 43.

Coast of Australia from southwestern Australia to southern Queens- land; Tasmania.

Eudyptula minor minor (J. R. Forster)

Aptenodytes minor J. R. Forster, Comment. Gétting., 3, 1781, p. 147. (Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)

Breeds on New Zealand, Stewart Island and Chatham Islands.

Eudyptula minor iredalei Mathews

Eudyptula minor iredalei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 286, pl. 67. (Chatham Island; error, is not from Chatham Islands.) ¢f. Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 34, 1928, p. 922-230.

Validity extremely doubtful, range not known.

ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 33

Eudyptula albosignata Finsch Eudyptula albosignata Finsch, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1874, p. 207. (Akaroa, South Island, New Zealand.) Breeds on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand.

GEeNus SPHENISCUS Brisson

Spheniscus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 52; 6, p. 96. Type, by monotypy, “Manchot” et ‘‘Manchot tachété” = Diomedea demersa Linné.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 228-231. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 7-9. Reichenow, Voég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 14-15.

~- Spheniscus demersus (Linné) Diomedea demersa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 1388. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Breeds on islands off the west coast of South Africa; occurs north to Angola and Natal.

—~ Spheniscus humboldti Meyen Spheniscus Humboldti Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, suppl., 1834, p. 110, pl. 21. (Peru.)

West coast of South America from Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru, to Tierra del Fuego. Breeds on islands off the coast southward to central Chile.

—_ Spheniscus magellanicus (J. R. Forster) Aptenodytes magellanicus J. R. Forster, Comment. Gétting., 3, 1781, p. 143, pl. 5. (Straits of Magellan.)

Breeds on Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island and Falkland Islands; coast of Chile to Mocha Island. Occurs on both coasts of South America north to Talcahuano, Chile on the west and to Sao Paulo on the east.

~~ Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall

Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1871, p. 126, 129. (Galapagos Islands.)

Galapagos Archipelago.

Nore: I am unable to allocate properly the two following, doubtless

synonyms of the Chilean members of Spheniscus:

Spheniscus modestus Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 171. (Chile.)

Spheniscus flavipes, Ibid., op. cit., p. 172 (Chile).

34 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity Cladornithidae OrpDER GAVIIFORMES Famity GAVIIDAE

Genus GAVIA J. R. Forster

Gavia J. R. Forster, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 38. Type, by subse- quent designation, Colymbus imber Gunnerus = Colymbus immer Briinnich (Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24, 1908, p. 35.)

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1456-1463. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 115-116. (Colymbus.)

Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan)

Colymbus Stellatus Pontoppidan, Danske Atl., 1, 1763, p. 621. (Den-

mark.)

Practically circumpolar. Breeds from Arctic coasts and islands of Europe, Asia and North America south to Sweden, northern Russia, Kamchatka, Aleutian Islands, coast of British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick and Newfoundland; Greenland; Iceland. Winters chiefly coastwise and on large lakes, to the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, South China, northern Lower California and Florida.

~Gavia arctica arctica (Linné)

Colymbus arcticus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 185. (Europe and North America, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex first citation from Fn. Svec.)

Breeds in northern Europe from Scotland to northern Russia south to northeastern Germany and in Russia to about lat. 55°. Gavia arctica suschkini (Sarudny)

Urinator arcticus suschkini Sarudny, Orn. Mitt., 3, 1912, p. 111. (Rus- sian Turkestan.)

Kirghiz Steppe and west Siberia to the Yenessei.

Gavia arctica viridigularis Dwight Gavia viridigularis Dwight, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 198. (Gichega, northeastern Siberia.) Northeastern Siberia probably from the Lena Delta to Kamchatka and Sakhalin; western Alaska. Gavia arctica pacifica (Lawrence) Colymbus pacificus Lawrence, in Baird’s Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. 889. (San Diego, California and Puget Sound.) Breeds on the Arctic coasts of North America from Point Barrow to Southhampton Island, south to the Alaska Peninsula, Lake Athabasca

ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 35

and York Factory. Winters on the Pacific coast of North America from Puget Sound to Lower California.

~— Gavia immer immer (Briinnich) Colymbus Immer Briinnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p.38. (Firoes).

Breeds in northern North America from the Arctic coasts to the north- ern United States; Greenland, Iceland and apparently on Jan Mayen. Winters from about its southern breeding limit to Lower California, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the British Isles and coasts of the North Sea, occasionally to the Mediterranean, Madeira and the Azores.

——~ Gavia immer elasson Bishop

Gavia immer elasson Bishop, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 367. (Carpenter Lake, Rollette Co., North Dakota.)

Probably the breeding form in the Dakotas and perhaps adjacent states and Canadian provinces. Winter range not definitely established.

——Gavia adamsii (G. R. Gray)

Colymbus adamsii G. R. Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1859, p. 167. (Alaska.)

Breeds on the Arctic coasts of eastern Siberia, and North America east to the Mackenzie Delta. Winters irregularly from Norway to southern Alaska.

ORDER COLYMBIFORMES

Famity COLYMBIDAE Genus POLIOCEPHALUS Setsy Poliocephalus Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Av., 1840, p. 47. Type, by

monotypy and tautonymy, Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1455-56. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 104-105. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 4. -

Suseenus TACHYBAPTUS ReEicHENBACH

Tachybaptus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iu. Type, by monotypy, Colymbus minor Gmelin = Colymbus ruficollis Pallas.

Poliocephalus ruficollis ruficollis (Pallas) Colymbus ruficollis Pallas, Vroeg’s Cat. Coll. 1764, Adumbr., p. 6 (Hol- land).

Europe south to the Mediterranean and east to the Urals; northwestern Africa.

36 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Poliocephalus ruficollis poggei (Reichenow)

Colymbus nigricans pogget Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 50, 1902, p. 125. (Province of Chihli, China.)

Eastern China from Chihli to southeastern Yunnan; Hainan.

Poliocephalus ruficollis japonicus (Hartert) Podiceps ruficollis japonicus Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1455. (Tokio.) Korea, Quelpart Island; Japan.

Poliocephalus ruficollis kunikyonis Kuroda

Poliocephalus ruficollis kunikyonis Kuroda, Ibis, 1927, p. 722. (Minami- Daitojima, Borodino Islands, Okinawa group, Middle Riu Kiu Is- lands.)

Confined to the type locality.

Poliocephalus ruficollis iraquensis (Ticehurst) Podiceps ruficollis iraquensis Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, 1923, p. 28. (Ishandarieyeh, Euphrates.) Marshes of Iraq, Mesopotamia.

. Poliocephalus ruficollis philippensis (Bonnaterre)

Colymbus Philippensis Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., 1, 1790 (1791), p. 58. (Fresh waters of the Philippines.)

Formosa, Borneo, Philippines.

Poliocephalus ruficollis vulcanorum (Rensch) Podiceps ruficollis vulcanorum Rensch, Journ. f. Orn., Hartert Festschr., 1929, p. 205, note. (Crater Lake Segare Anak, 2000 met., Lombok.)

Timor, Flores, Lombok, Java.

Poliocephalus ruficollis tricolor (G. R. Gray) Podiceps (Sylbeocyclus) tricolor G. R. Gray, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1860 (1861), p. 366. (Ternate.)

Celebes, the Moluccas; New Guinea; Bismarck archipelago and the Solomon Islands.

Poliocephalus ruficollis novaehollandiae (Stephens) Podiceps novaehollandiae Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zodl., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 18. (New South Wales.) Podiceps fluviatilis parryi Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 197. (Parry’s Creek, northwest Australia.) Podiceps fluviatilis carterae Mathews, Nov. Zodél., 18, 1912, p. 197. (Broome Hill, southwest Australia.) Southern New Guinea; Australia; Tasmania; Rennell Island; New Heb- rides, New Caledonia.

ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 37

—~ Poliocephalus ruficollis capensis (Salvadori)

Podiceps capensis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) 1, 1884, p. 252. (Shoa.)

Africa from the Gold Coast to Abyssinia and south to the Cape of Good Hope; Comoro Islands; Madagascar.

—— Poliocephalus pelzelnii (Hartlaub)

Podiceps pelzelnii Hartlaub, Orn. Madagascar, 1861, p. 83. (Mada- gascar.)

Madagascar.

~~ Poliocephalus dominicus brachypterus (Chapman)

Colymbus dominicus brachypterus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12, 1899, p. 256. (Lomita Ranch, Texas.)

Southern Lower California and southeastern Texas to western Panama.

~~ Poliocephalus dominicus dominicus (Linné)

Colymbus dominicus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 223. (Santo Domingo.) Greater Antilles.

~— Poliocephalus dominicus brachyrhynchus (Chapman)

Colymbus dominicus brachyrhynchus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12, 1899, p. 255. (Matto Grosso.)

Tropical South America.

SuspagEenus POLIOCEPHALUS SrELBy

—— Poliocephalus rufopectus G. R. Gray

Podiceps (Poliocephalus) rufopectus G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach’s Trav. New Zealand, 2, 1848, p. 198. (North Island, New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

Poliocephalus poliocephalus cloatesi (Mathews)

Podiceps poliocephalus cloatesi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 197. (Point Cloates, midwest Australia.)

Midwest and northwest Australia.

—— Poliocephalus poliocephalus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby)

Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 1, 1827, p. 13. (New South Wales.)

Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia; Tasmania.

38 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus COLYMBUS Linné

Colymbus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. Type, by subsequent designation, Colymbus cristatus Linné (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 425.)

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 27. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1444-1456. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 103-105. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 3-4.

Colymbus rolland (Quoy and Gaimard)

Podiceps rolland Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Uranie,’ 1824, p. 133, pl. 36. (Falkland Islands.)

Falkland Islands.

Colymbus chilensis (Lesson)

Podiceps chilensis Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 358. (Concepcion Bay, Chile.)

Southern Peru and Bolivia south through Chile, Argentina and Uruguay to the Straits of Magellan. Colymbus occipitalis juninensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)

Podiceps callipareus juninensis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 112, in text. (Lake Junin, Peru.)

Highlands of Peru and Bolivia.

Colymbus occipitalis occipitalis (Garnot) Podiceps occipitalis Garnot, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7, 1826, p. 50. (Falkland Islands.) Cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 46.

Highlands of northwestern Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands.

Colymbus taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)

Podiceps taczanowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 109, pl. 4. (Lake Junin, Peru.)

Lake Junin, Peru.

Colymbus auritus Linné Colymbus auritus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. (Sweden.) Podiceps auritus var. korejevi Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 186. (Gouvernment of Orenberg, Semiretschie region; eastern Persia in winter.) Breeds in Iceland, Norway, Russia (south of lat. 65° 30’) east to the lower Amur; south to Scotland (locally), Denmark, Orenberg and Astra- kan (southern limits of breeding in Asia not determined) ; in North America

ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 39

from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie and southwestern Ungava, south to the northern tier of states. Winters to the Mediterranean, eastern China, southern California, the Gulf Coast and Florida.

—— Colymbus nigricollis nigricollis (C. L. Brehm)

Podiceps nigricollis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. V6g. Deutschl., 1831, p. 963. (Germany.)

Breeds in Europe and Asia from Denmark and the eastern Lake Provy- inces of Russia to the Amur region, south to southern Russia, Transcau- casia and Asia Minor.

Colymbus nigricollis gurneyi (Roberts)

Proctopus nigricollis gurneyt Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 6, 1919, p. 118. (Lamberts Bay, South Africa.) Cf. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 116.

Africa from southern Angola to Ethiopia and south to Cape Province.

—— Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heermann)

Podiceps Californicus Heermann, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p.179. (California.)

Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake and Manitoba south to southern California, northern Arizona and northern Iowa. Winters from central California to Lower California and Guatemala.

——Colymbus cristatus cristatus Linné Colymbus cristatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 1385. (Sweden.)

Breeds in southern Sweden, Finland to eastern Siberia and China, south to the Mediterranean, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkestan, Kashmir, northern India and Japan. In winter migrates from the northern part of its breeding area south to the Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and Burma.

~— Colymbus cristatus infuscatus (Salvadori) Podiceps infuscatus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), 1, 1884, p. 251. (Lago Kilole, southern Abyssinia.) Africa, south of the Sahara.

——Colymbus cristatus christiani (Mathews)

Podiceps cristatus christiant Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 267, pl. 26. (Victoria.)

Australia, Tasmania.

Colymbus cristatus australis (Gould)

Podiceps Australis Gould, Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, 1844, p. 135. (Aus- tralia and Van Diemen’s Land, error = New Zealand.) Cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 268-269.

New Zealand.

40 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Colymbus grisegena grisegena Boddaert Colymbus grisegena Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 55. (No lo- cality, based on Daubenton, pl. 931 = France. Designated by Hartert, 1912.)

Podiceps griseigena schiglert Hortling, Orn. Fenn., 6, 1929, p. 14. (Fin-

land.)

Breeds from Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula south to the mouth of the Dniester and to Transcaucasia; west Siberia to Turgai, south to Armenia and the Oxus delta. Winters south to the Mediterranean, north- ern Africa and Persia.

-Colymbus grisegena holbdollii (Reinhardt) Podiceps Holbéllii Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren. Kjében- havn, 1853, p. 76. (Nenortalik, Julianehaab District, Greenland.) Breeds in eastern Asia from Kamchatka to Ussuriland and in North America from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie and northern Ungava south to northern Washington and southwestern Minnesota. Winters to China and Japan, southern California, the Ohio Valley and North Carolina.

Genus AECHMOPHORUS Cougs

Aechmophorus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 229. Type, by original designation, Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence.

Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence) Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence, in Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. 894. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.)

Breeds from British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba south to northern California, Utah and northern North Dakota. Winters from southern British Columbia south through California to central Mexico.

Aechmophorus major (Boddaert) Colymbus major Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 24. (Cayenne: probably an error.) Northern Peru, Rio Negro and Amazonia south to the Straits of Ma- gellan.

Genus CENTROPELMA Sciater and SALvIN

Centropelma Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1869, p. 189. Type, by monotypy, Podiceps micropterus Gould.

Centropelma micropterum (Gould)

Podiceps micropterus Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1868, p. 220. (Lake Titicaca.)

Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES Al

Grnus PODILYMBUS Lesson

Podilymbus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 595. Type, by mono- typy, Podiceps carolinensis Latham = Colymbus podiceps Linné.

—— Podilymbus podiceps podiceps (Linné)

Colymbus Podiceps Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Caro- lina.)

Breeds from British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, Quebec and New Brunswick south locally to Central America. Winters from the southern half of its breeding range south to Cuba and Panama.

—— Podilymbus podiceps antillarum Bangs

Podilymbus podiceps antillarum Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zo6l. Cl., 4, 1913, p. 89. (Bueycito, Oriente, Cuba.)

Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe!).

———Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus (Lesson)

Podiceps antarcticus Lesson, Rev. Zodél., 1842, p. 209. (Valparaiso, Chile.)

The greater part of South America from Colombia and Venezuela to Chile and southern Argentina. ? —— Podilymbus gigas Griscom

Podilymbus gigas Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 5. (Pana- jachel, 5300 ft., north shore of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala.)

Confined to Lake Atitlan, Guatemala.

OrpER PROCELLARITFORMES

Famity DIOMEDEIDAE Genus DIOMEDEA Linné

Diomedea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 182. Type, by subsequent designation, Diomedea exulans Linné (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 78.)

Nealbatrus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 274. Type, by original designation, Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin.

Diomedella Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 275. Type, by original designation, Diomedea cauta Gmelin.

1 Cf. Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, 1927, p. 273-274. 2 Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 181.

42 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rhothonia Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, 1917, p. 861. Type, by original designation, Diomedea (Rhothonia) sanfordi Murphy = Diomedea epomophora Lesson.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 13-22. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 332-341. Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, Zodl., 4, no. 5, 1930, p. 162-180. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 129-130. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930, p. 1-7. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 15-16.

Diomedea exulans Linné

Diomedea exulans Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 182. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Diomedea chionoptera Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 440 Gn key), p. 443. (Kerguelen Island.)

Diomedea exulans rohui Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125. (Sydney, New South Wales.)

Diomedea exulans westralis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 23. (Albany, West Australia.)

Diomedea chionoptera alexanderi Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 338. (South Atlantic, lat. 38° 30’ S., long. 56° W.)

Diomedea dabbenena Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929, p. 11. (New name for Diomedea alexanderi Dabbene not Thalassogeron alexandert Mathews.)

Breeds at Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, South Georgia, Marion Island, Prince Edward Island, the Crozets, Kerguelen, Auckland Islands and Antipodes Island. Ranging over the southern oceans between lat. 30° and 60° south.

Diomedea epomophora Lesson Diomedea epomophora Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 6, 1825, p. 95. (No type locality given in original description, = Campbell Island.) Diomedea (Rhothonia) sanfordi Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, 1917, p. 861. (Off Corral, Chile.) Diomedea exulans rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 246, pl. 95. (Australian Seas.) Diomedea epomophora mccormicki Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 261. (Enderby Island.) Breeds on Campbell Island and on Enderby Island of the Auckland Group.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 43

—— Diomedea irrorata Salvin Diomedea irrorata Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1883, p. 430. (Callao Bay, Peru.)

Breeds on Hood Island, Galapagos, ranging to the coast of Peru.

——Diomedea albatrus Pallas Diomedea albatrus Pallas, Spic. Zo6l., 1, fase. 5, 1769, p. 28. (Off Kam- chatka.)

North Pacific, breeding on Wake Island and the Bonin Islands.

—— Diomedea nigripes Audubon Diomedea nigripes Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, 1839, p. 327. (Pacific Ocean, lat. 30° 44’ N., long. 146° W.) Phebastria nigripes reischekia Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1930, p. 29. (New Zealand.)

North Pacific, breeding on islands northwest of Hawaii; Marshall Islands.

-- Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 48. (Laysan Island.)

Central North Pacific: breeds on Laysan and Midway Islands, San Geronimo and Guadalupe Islands.

~~ Diomedea melanophris melanophris Temminck

Diomedea melanophris Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 77, 1828, pl. 456 and text. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Thalassarche melanophris impavida Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 267, pl. 96. (Tasmania.)

Thalassarche melanophris belcheri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 271. (Kerguelen.)

Southern oceans between the Tropic of Capricorn and lat. 60° S.

Breeds on South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, Kerguelen, Auckland Islands and Campbell Island.

Diomedea melanophris richmondi (Mathews)

Thalassarche melanophris richmondi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 272. (West coast of South America.)

Off west coast of South America. Breeding on Ildefonso Island, Chile. (Doubtful form.)

44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Diomedea bulleri Rothschild Diomedea bulleri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 58. (New Zealand.) Diomedea platei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 190. (Cavancha, Chile.) South Pacific. Breeds on Snares Island.

Diomedea cauta cauta Gould Diomedea cauta Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 177. (Bass Strait.) Diomedella cauta rohui Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p.55. (Syd- ney, New South Wales.) Diomedella cauta wallaca Mathews, loc. cit., 3, 1918, p. 160, new name for rohut. 5 South Pacific and Australian Seas. Breeds on Albatross Island, Bass trait.

Diomedea cauta salvini (Rothschild) Thalassogeron salvini Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 58. (New Zealand.) Thalassogeron layardi Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 449 (in key), p. 450. (Cape Seas.) South Indian Ocean and South Pacific. Breeds on Bounty Island.

Diomedea cauta eremita (Murphy) Thalassarche cauta eremita Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930, p. 4. (Pyramid Rock off Pitt Island, Chatham Islands.)

Breeds on Pyramid Rock, Chatham Islands.

Diomedea desolationis (Salvadori) Thalassogeron desolationis Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Torino, 26, 1911, no. 638, p. 2. (Desolation Island.)

Affinities not known. !

Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin

Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 568. (“Cape of Good Hope and southern oceans outside the tropics.”’)

Thalassogeron eximius G. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., 9, 1895, p. 440, pl. 8. (Gough Island.)

Thalassogeron carteri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1903, p. 6. (Point Cloates, northwestern Australia.)

Diomedea bassi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 206. (Southeast Australian Seas.)

1 Cf. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930, p. 6.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 45

Breeds on islands in the Tristan da Cunha group, Gough Island, the Crozet Islands and St. Paul Island and ranges over the South Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Australian Seas. 4

—~..Diomedea chrysostoma Forster

Diomedea chrysostoma Forster, Mém. Math. Phys. Paris, 10, 1785, p. 571, pl.14. (Vicinity of the Antarctic Circle and in the Pacific Ocean.)

Thalassogeron chrysostoma alexanderi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55. (West Australia.)

Thalassogeron chrysostoma harterti Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 280. (Kerguelen Island.)

Diomedea culminata mathewsi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1912, p. 70. (Campbell Island?)

Breeds on South Georgia, Kerguelen, Marion Island, the Crozets, Camp- bell Island and Diego Ramirez Islands, Cape Horn, and ranges over the southern oceans.?

Genus PHOEBETRIA REIcHENBACH

Phoebetria Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. v. Type, by original designation, Diomedea fuliginosa Gmelin = Diomedea palpe- brata Forster.

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 319-323. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 33, 1926, p. 344. Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, Zodl., 4, no. 5, 1930, p. 180-184. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 133. Nichols and Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 526-533.

Phoebetria fusca fusca (Hilsenberg)

Diomedea fusca Hilsenberg, Froriep’s Notiz., 3, 1822, col. 74. (Mozam- bique Channel.)

Breeds on Inaccessible, Gough and Tristan da Cunha Islands, wanders in the South Atlantic and western Indian Oceans.

~ Phoebetria fusca campbelli Mathews

Phoebetria fusca campbelli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 804. (Aus- tralian Seas.)

Breeding range not known. Very doubtfully distinct from typical form.

Phoebetria palpebrata palpebrata (Forster)

Diomedea palpebrata Forster, Mém. Math. Phys. Paris, 10, 1785, p. 571, pl. 15. (‘47° S. lat. to 71° 10’”” = 64°S., 38° E. fide Mathews.)

1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 345-346. 2 Ibid., -p. 344-345.

46 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phoebetria palpebrata huttoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 297. (New Zealand Seas.)

Phoebetria palpebrata antarctica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 302. (South Georgia.)

Phoebetria palpebrata murphyi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 50, in text (South Georgia) new name for antarctica.

Breeds on South Georgia, subantarctic islands of New Zealand and on Kerguelen. Ranges over the southern oceans north to lat. 33° S. Phoebetria palpebrata auduboni Nichols and Murphy

Phoebetria palpebrata auduboni Nichols and Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914, p- 531. (Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.)

Breeding range unknown; occurs on west coast of America.

Famity PROCELLARIIDAE

SusramMity FULMARINAE Genus MACRONECTES RicumMonp

Macronectes Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 76. New name for Ossifraga Hombron and Jacquinot (not Wood). Type, by monotypy, Procellaria gigantea Gmelin.

cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 261-264.

Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, Zodl., 4, no. 5, 1930, p. 147-159.

Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin) Procellaria gigantea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 563. (Type locality restricted to Staten Island, Mathews, infra, p. 186.) Macronectes giganteus forsteri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 189. (Valparaiso Bay, Chile.)

Macronectes giganteus solanderi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 187. (Falkland Islands.)

Macronectes giganteus halli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 187. (Ker- guelen.)

Macronectes giganteus wilsoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 189. (Ross Sea.)

Macronectes giganteus dovei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 54. (Sydney, New South Wales.)

Breeds on Graham Land, South Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Geor- gia, Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, Kerguelen, Prince Edward Island, Marion Island, Heard Island, Crozet Islands, An-

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES AT

tipodes Island, Snares Island, Campbell Island, and Macquarie Island(?). Ranges throughout the southern oceans and into the tropics on the coast of Peru.

Genus DAPTION StreprHens

Daption Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zodl., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 239. Type, by original designation, Procellaria capensis Linné.

cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 276-280.

———-Daption capensis (Linné) Procellaria capensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Cape of Good Hope.) Daption capense australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 187. (New Zealand.)

Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, Graham Land, and Kerguelen Island, ranging over the southern oceans.

GENus FULMARUS SrTrEpHENS

Fulmarus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zo6l., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 233. Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria glacialis Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 129.)

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1436-1438. Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1922, p. 443-446.

——Fulmarus glacialis glacialis (Linné)

Procellaria glacialis Linné, Faun. Suec., ed. 2, 1761, p. 51. (Within the Arctic Circle.)

Breeds from northern Greenland to Cumberland Sound, coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Faroes, British Isles, Spitzbergen, Franz Josef Land, and Novaya Zemlya. Winters in the North Atlantic south to about lat. 43°.

—— Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii Cassin :

Fulmarus Rodgersii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 326. (Indian Ocean, error = North Pacific.)

Breeds on Wrangel and Herald Islands, islands in Bering Sea, Com- mander Islands, coasts of Kamchatka, and Kurile Islands; in winter in the North Pacific from the Aleutian Islands south to Japan and northern Lower California.

Genus HALOBAENA BonapPaRrTE

Halobena Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria cerulea Gmelin. (The other in- cluded species, H. typica, is a nomen nudum at that point.)

48 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Halobena cerulea (Gmelin) Procellaria cerulea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Southern Ocean.) Halobena cerulea victorie Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 54. (Victoria.)

Halobaena murphyi W. 8. Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 61, 1917, p. 146. (Stromness Bay, South Georgia.)

Breeds at Kerguelen and Falkland Islands and ranges throughout the southern oceans.

Genus PACHYPTILA ILLIcER

~ Pachyptila Mliger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 274. Type, by subsequent desig- nation, Procellaria forsteri Latham (Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Av., 1840, p. 49).

Heteroprion Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 222. Type, by original designation,.Heteroprion belchert Mathews. Fulmariprion Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 215. Type, by original designation, Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris Mathews. cf. reas Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 285-296; pt. 5, 1910, p. 297- 298.

Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 33, 1926, p. 355-356. Mathews, Bds. ets, 2, 1912, p. 199-233. Mathews and Tredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p. 41-44.

Pachyptila forsteri forsteri! (Latham) Procellaria Forsteri Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 827 (New Zealand).

Breeds at Chatham Islands, Foveaux Straits and Dusky Sound, New Zealand.

Pachyptila forsteri gouldi? (Mathews) Prion vittatus gouldi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 203 (in key), p. 211. (Bass Strait, Victoria.)

Bass Strait. Breeding place not known.

Pachyptila forsteri missus (Mathews)

Prion vittatus missus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 203 (in key), p. 212, pl. 92. (Perth, southwestern Australia.)

Coasts of southwestern Australia. Breeding place not known.

1 Procellaria vittata Gmelin 1789 is preoccupied by Procellaria vittata G. Forster, Voy. Round World, 1, 1777, p. 91 and p. 98, note.

2 Dr: Murphy considers most ‘of the subspecies of Pachyptila to be indis- tinguishable.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 49

Pachyptila forsteri macgillivrayi (Mathews)

Prion vittata macgillivrayi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 211. (St. Paul Island, Indian Ocean.)

Breeds at St. Paul Island.

Pachyptila forsteri salvini (Mathews)

Prion vittatus saluint Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 212. (‘‘Crozets, Marion Island, etc.’’)

Breeds at Marion Island and the Crozets.

Pachyptila forsteri keyteli (Mathews)

Prion vittata keyteli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 210. (Tristan da Cunha.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island and South Georgia.!

——Pachyptila desolata desolata (Gmelin)

Procellaria desolata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 562. (Desola- tion Island = Kerguelen Island.)

Breeds at Kerguelen Island.

Pachyptila desolata mattingleyi (Mathews)

Heteroprion desolatus mattingleyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 223 (in key), p. 226. (Geelong, Victoria.)

Heteroprion desolatus macquariensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 227. (Macquarie Island.)

Breeds at Macquarie Island (?).2

Pachyptila desolata peringueyi (Mathews)

Heteroprion desolatus peringueyt Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 230. (Pondoland coast, South Africa.)

Cape Seas. Breeding place not known.

Pachyptila desolata alexanderi (Mathews and Iredale)

Heteroprion desolatus alecanderi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p. 42. (Cottsloe Beach, West Australia.)

Coast of southwestern Australia. Breeding place not known.

Pachyptila desolata altera (Mathews)

Heteroprion desolatus alter Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 231. (Auckland Islands.)

Breeds on Auckland Islands.

1 Cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 134. 2 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 33, 1926, p. 356.

50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Pachyptila desolata banksi A. Smith Pachyptila banksi A. Smith, Ils. Zo6l. So. Afr., Aves, 1840, pl. 55. (Cape Seas.) Breeds on South Georgia and the South Orkneys. Ranges north to the Cape of Good Hope.

_ Pachyptila belcheri (Mathews) Heteroprion belcheri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 215 and text figs., p. 224. (Geelong, Victoria.)

Probably breeding on subantarctic islands, ranging northward to the waters adjacent to Australia and New Zealand, the east coast of South America to Montevideo; the Falkland Islands.

Pachyptila turtur turtur (Kuhl) Procellaria turtur Kuhl, Beitr. Zo6l., 1820, p. 148. (Bass Strait.) Pseudoprion turtur huttoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220. (Chatham Islands.) F Pseudoprion turtur nova Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55. (Syd- ney, New South Wales.) Breeds on islands in Bass Strait and on the Chatham Islands. Ranges over seas of Australia and New Zealand.

Pachyptila turtur eatoni (Mathews) Pseudoprion turtur eatont Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220. (Ker- guelen Island.) Breeds at Kerguelen.

Pachyptila turtur crassirostris (Mathews) Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 221. (Bounty Island.) Breeds on Bounty Island and Antipodes Island.

Pachyptila turtur fallai Oliver Pachyptila turtur fallai Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 114. (Otago, South Island, New Zealand.) New Zealand: known only fram three specimens, all from South Island.

?Pachyptila turtur solanderi (Mathews) Pseudoprion turtur solanderi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220. (West coast of South America.) Status and. breeding place not determined.

?Pachyptila turtur brevirostris (Gould)

Prion brevirostris Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1855, p. 88, pl. 93. - (Madeira!)

Status and breeding place not determined.

ORDER PROCELLARITFORMES 51

SuBFaAMILY PUFFININAE Genus PRIOCELLA Homsron snp JACQUINOT Priocella Hombron and Jacquinot, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 18,

1844, p. 357. Type, by monotypy, Priocella garnotii Hombron and Jacquinot = Fulmarus antarcticus Stephens.

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 142-145.

——-Priocella antarctica (Stephens) Fulmarus antarcticus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zodl., 18, pt. 1, 1826, p. 236. (‘Antarctic ocean pretty far to the South.”’) Priocella antarctica addenda Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125. (New Zealand Seas.) Known breeding stations are on Adelie Land, at Cape Roquemaurel and Louis Philip Land. Ranges north in the Pacific to New Zealand and Peru (once to Oregon) and in the Atlantic to lat. 35° S., casually to Cape St. Roque and St. Helena Island.

Genus THALASSOICA REICHENBACH

Thalassoica Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by original designation, Procellaria antarctica Gmelin. cf. Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped., 1910, Zodl., 4, no. 5, 1930, p. 132-134.

~—— Thalassoica antarctica (Gmelin)

Procellaria antarctica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 565. (Ant- arctic Circle between 31°-61°.)

Breeding on the Antarctic continent, ranging north to 50° S. lat.

Genus ADAMASTOR BonaPartTE

Adamastor Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 594. Type, by original designation, Procellaria hesitata Forster = Procel- laria cinerea Gmelin.

_cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 119-124.

Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, 1920, p. 111. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 115-116.

~.- Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin) Procellaria cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 563. (Within the Antarctic Circle = New Zealand Seas, lat. 48° S., designated as type locality by Mathews, 1912, p. 123.) Procellaria pallipes Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 123. (New Zea- land, ex Solander ms.)

52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Priofinus cinereus dydimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 54. (New Zealand.)

Breeding on Gough Island, Kerguelen, Macquarie Island and Antipodes Island, ranging over the southern oceans between 30° and 55° 8. and on the west coast of South America to Peru.

GENus PROCELLARIA Linn&

Procellaria Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 131. Type, by subse- quent designation, Procellaria equinoctialis Linné (Gray, List Gen. and Subgen. Bds., 1840, p. 78).

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 5-7. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 354-355. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 106-124 (part, excl. P. cinerea).

Procellaria equinoctialis equinoctialis Linné Procellaria equinoctialis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 182. (Cape of Good Hope.) !

Procellaria cequinoctialis mixta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 111. (Eastern Cape Seas. Type from the South Atlantic 300 miles north of Capetown.)

Procellaria cequinoctialis brabournei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 113. (West coast of South America.)

Breeds on the Falklands, South Georgia, Crozets and Kerguelen, ranging north over the southern oceans to 30°S. lat. to the west coast of Peru, casually to southeast Brazil, Angola and Mozambique.

Procellaria equinoctialis steadi Mathews

Procellaria aequinoctialis steadi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 112. (Antipodes Island and Auckland Islands. Type from Antipodes Island.)

Breeds on Antipodes Island and Auckland Islands.

-Procellaria conspicillata Gould

Procellaria conspicillata Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 362. (Very abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.)

Procellaria perspicillata Mathews, Bds. Austr., suppl. no. 2, 1923, p. iv. (Nomen nudum.)

Status and breeding range not known.

Procellaria parkinsoni G. R. Gray Procellaria parkinsoni G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 245. (New Zealand.) Breeding on North Island, New Zealand; ranges over the South Pacific from Australia to the Galapagos.

1 Dabbene. loc. cié. p. 5, substitutes South Georgia.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 53

Grenus PUFFINUS Brisson

Puffinus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 56; 6, p. 130. Type, by tautonymy, Puffinus [puffinus] Brisson = Procellaria puffinus Briinnich.

Calonectris Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 590, 592. Type, by original designation, Procellaria leucomelas Temminck.

Hemipuffinus Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 20. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Puffinus carneipes Gould.

Neonectris Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 12. Type, by original designation, Puffinus brevicaudus Gould.

Alphapuffinus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 110. Type, by original designation, Puffinus assimilis Gould.

Reinholdia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 107. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Puffinus reinholdi Mathews. .

Cinathisma Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 205. Type, by monotypy, Cina- thisma cyanoleuca Hull = Reinholdia reinholdi byroni Mathews.

Microzalias Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 597. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Puffinus nativitatis Streets.

cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 2, 1908, p. 72-152. pt. 3, 1908, p. 153-154. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 33, 1926, p. 347-353. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1419-1429. Loomis, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2, pt. 2, no. 12, 1918, p. 59-62; 109-149. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 45-105. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 110-115. Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 582-604. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276, 1927, p. 1-15; no. 419, 1930, p. 7-14. Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 240-251. Oberholser, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 471-475.

Suspcenus ARDENNA REIcHENBACH

Ardenna Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by original designation, Puffinus maior Faber = Puffinus gravis O'Reilly.

—— Puffinus leucomelas (Temminck)

Procellaria leucomelas Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 99, 1835, pl. 587. (Seas of Japan and Nagasaki Bay.)

Breeds at the Bonin and Pescadores Islands. Range extends from coasts of Korea and Japan to the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea; occasion- ally to Ceylon.

54 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Puffinus diomedea diomedea (Scopoli)

Procellaria diomedea Scopoli, Annus IJ, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 74. (No locality given; Mediterranean Sea generally accepted, but cf. Harter, Vog. pal. Fauna Nachtr. 1, 1923, p. 77.)

The Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to Syria and Egypt; the Adriatic

and the Bosphorus. Breeds on islands in the Mediterranean.

- Puffinus diomedea borealis Cory

Puffinus borealis Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, 1881, p. 84. (Off Chatham Island, Mass.)

Puffinus kuhli fortunatus Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p- 120. (Isla Graciosa, Canary Islands.)

North Atlantic Ocean. Breeds on the Azores, the Madeiras, Salvage Islands and the Canaries.

Puffinus diomedea edwardsii Oustalet Puffinus Edwardsii Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zodél. (6), 16, art. 5, 1883, p. 1. (Branco, Cape Verde Islands.) Puffinus mariae B. Alexander, Ibis, 1898, p. 92. (Brava, Cape Verde Islands.) Breeds on the Cape Verde Islands.

Puffinus diomedea flavirostris (Gould) Procellaria flavirostris Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 365. (Off Cape of Good Hope in lat. 36° 39’ S., long. 10° 3’ E.)

Western Indian Ocean. Breeds on Kerguelen Island.

Puffinus creatopus Coues Puffinus creatopus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 131. (San Nicolas Island, California.)

Eastern Pacific Ocean. Breeds on Masatierra Island, migrating north to the coasts of California, Washington, and Alaska.

Puffinus carneipes Gould Puffinus carneipes Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 365. (Small islands off Cape Leeuwin, West Australia.) Puffinus carneipes carbonarius Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90. (Three Kings Island, New Zealand ex Solander ms.)

Puffinus carneipes zealanicus Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76. (New name for carbonarius.)

Pujffinus carneipes neozealanicus Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 93. (New name for zealanicus.)

Puffinus carneipes hakodate Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90. (Seas of Japan.)

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 55

Puffinus carneipes hullianus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90. (Norfolk Island = Lord Howe Island.)

Breeds on islands off southwestern Australia, North Island, New Zea- land and at Lord Howe Island. Ranges east to Juan Fernandez and north to Japan and coasts of California.

- Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly)

Procellaria Gravis O’Reilly, Voy. Greenl. Adj. Seas, 1818, p. 140, pl. 12, f. 1. (Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland.) Breeds on Tristan da Cunha. Ranges over the South Atlantic and on migration in the North Atlantic to the Grand Banks, British Isles and Arctic Circle.

Suseenus THYELLODROMA STEJNEGER

Thyellodroma Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1888, p. 93. Type, by original designation, Puffinus sphenurus Gould = Puffinus chlororhyn- chus Lesson.

~ Puffinus pacificus pacificus (Gmelin)

Procellaria pacifica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Pacific Ocean. Type locality restricted to Kermadec Islands. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 80.)

Puffinus chlororhynchus iredali (sic) Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1910, p. 40. (Sunday Island, Kermadec group.)

Breeds on the Kermadec Islands.

. Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus Lesson

Puffinus chlororhynchus Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 613. (No

locality. Type from Shark’s Bay, West Australia.) Puffinus pacificus hamiltoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 82. (The Cousin, Seychelles.)

Puffinus pacificus alleni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 83. (San Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedos.)

Puffinus pacificus royanus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 85. (Bondi Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales.)

Breeds on the Seychelles, west and east coasts of Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands; Revilla Gigedo group (San Benedicto Island) and many other islands in the Pacific. Ranges throughout the warmer parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Puffinus pacificus cuneatus Salvin

Puffinus cuneatus Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 353. (Krusenstern Island.)

Puffinus pacificus laysani Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 83. (Laysan Island.)

56 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Puffinus pacificus whitney: Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, 1925, p. 106. (Kandavu, Fiji Islands.)

(Puffinus knudseni Stejneger is also a synonym).

Breeds on Krusenstern Island, Laysan, French Frigate, Bonin Islands, the Vulcan group, Pescadores, Hawaiian Islands (Oahu and Kauai.)

Puffinus bulleri Salvin Puffinus bulleri Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 8354. (New Zealand.)

Breeds on islets off North Island, New Zealand. Ranges east to the west coast of South America and north to California.

Shrinenmins PUFFINUS Brisson

Puffinus griseus (Gmelin)

Procellaria grisea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 564. (Southern Hemisphere between 35° and 50° = New Zealand.) Cf. Mathews, 1912, (05 Ye

Neonectris griseus pescadoresi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 602. (Pescadores Island.)

Neonectris griseus missus Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 602. (Kurile Islands.)

Neonectris griseus nutcheri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 54. (Bondi Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales.)

Breeds on South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand; Chatham, Auckland and Snares Islands; Andes of northern Chile, islands off southern _ Chile and the Falkland Islands. Ranges across the southern Pacific from New South Wales to Juan Fernandez and migrates into the North Pacific and North Atlantic to Kamchatka, Alaska, Labrador, Greenland and the Faroes.

Puffinus tenuirostris tenuirostris (Temminck)

Procellaria tenuirostris Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 99, 1835, text to pl. 587. (Seas north of Japan and shores of Korea.)

Puffinus brevicaudus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 28, 1847, pl. 56. (Islands of Bass Strait.)

Puffinus intermedius Hull, Emu, 11, 1911, p. 98. (Cabbage Tree Island, Port Stephens, New South Wales.)

Neonectris tenuirostris grantianus Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 206. (Ulla- dulla, New South Wales.)

Neonectris tenuirostris hulli Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 82. (Barrier Reef, Queensland.)

Breeds in Tasmania, islands of Bass Strait, southeastern Australia and Bounty Islands. Ranges east to the Tuamotu Islands and north to eastern Siberia and Bering Sea.

ORDER PROCELLARIITFORMES 57

Puffinus heinrothi Reichenow Puffinus heinrothi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 67, 1919, p. 225. (Blanche Bay, New Britain.)

Known only from New Britain, where it probably breeds.

———-Puffinus nativitatis Streets Puffinus (Nectris) nativitatis Streets, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1877, no. 7, p. 29. (Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.)

Tropical Pacific. Breeds at Laysan, Wake and Christmas Islands, and in the Phoenix, Marquesas, Tuamotu and Austral Archipelagos.

——_— Puffinus puffinus puffinus (Briinnich)

Procellaria puffinus Brimnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, p. 29. (Faroes and Nor- way.)

Puffinus puffinus bermude Nichols and Mowbray, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 195. (Gurnet Head Rock, Bermuda.) Cf. Dwight, Auk, 44, 1927, p. 243.

Eastern North Atlantic. Breeds in Iceland, the Faroes, British Isles, coast of Brittany, Azores, Madeira, the Salvages and Bermuda.

—— Puffinus puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi) Procellaria Yelkouan Acerbi, Bibl. Ital., 47, 1827, p. 297. (The Bos- phorus, opposite Bujukdere.)

Eastern Mediterranean. Breeds on islands in the Aegean Sea.

_. Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus Lowe Puffinus pufinus mauretanicus Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p. 140. (Algiers.)

Western Mediterranean. Breeding probably on the Balearic Islands and coasts of Corsica and Sardinia.

Puffinus reinholdi reinholdi! Mathews

Puffinus reinholdi reinholdi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in key), p. 74, pl. 74. (New Geaigndl)

Puffinus reinholdi melanotis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 89. (Kaipara Beach, North Island, New Zealand.)

Puffinus reinholdi huttont Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in key), p. 77. (Snares Island.)

New Zealand Seas. Breeds on both islands of New Zealand and on Snares Island.

1 Sometimes called gavia (Procellaria gavia Forst., Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 148) but cf. Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 33, 1926, p. 347.

58 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Puffinus reinholdi byroni (Mathews)

Reinholdia reinholdi byroni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 187. (Byron Bay, New South Wales.)

Cinathisma cyanoleuca Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 205. (Open sea between Ulladulla and on Brush Island, New South Wales.)

Coast of New South Wales. Breeding place unknown.

Puffinus reinholdi montaguei (Mathews)

Reinholdia reinholdi montaguet Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 5, 1922, p. 2. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia and New Hebrides.

Puffinus opisthomelas Coues

Puffinus opisthomelas Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 139. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.)

Breeds on west coast of Lower California, San Benito, Natividad and Guadalupe Islands, ranging north to the coast of British Columbia.

Puffinus auricularis C..H. Townsend Puffinus auricularis C. H. Townsend, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 18, 1890, p. 133. (Clarion Island, Lower California.)

Breeds on the Revilla Gigedo Islands. Occurs in the eastern Pacific from Cape San Lucas to Clipperton Island.

{Puffinus newelli Henshaw

Puffinus newelli Henshaw, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 246. (Waihee Valley, Ulani = Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands.)

Extinct. Formerly bred on Lanai and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands.

Puffinus assimilis assimilis Gould

Puffinus assimilis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 7. (New South Wales = Norfolk Island.)

Puffinus assimilis howensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125. (Lord Howe Island.)

Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.

- Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis Murphy

Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276, 1927, p.3. (Herald Island, Kermadec group.)

Kermadec Islands.

Puffinus assimilis kempi Mathews

Pugfinus assimilis kempi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p.69. (Chatham Islands.)

Breeding on Chatham Islands; Bounty Island(?)

ORDER PROCELLRIIAFORMES 59

——~-Puffinus assimilis tunneyi Mathews

Puffinus assimilis tunneyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in key), p. 71. (Boxer Island, Southwest Australia.)

Coast of southwestern Australia. Breeds at Houtman’s Abrolhos and in the Recherche Archipelago. Puffinus assimilis munda (Salvin)

Nectris munda Salvin, in Rowley’s Orn. Misc., 1, 1876, p. 236. (Lat. 48° 27’ S.; long. 93° W. of London.)

Known only from specimens taken in lat. 48° 30’ in the South Pacific.

Puffinus assimilis elegans Giglioli and Salvadori

Puffinus elegans Giglioli and Salvadori, Ibis, 1869, p. 68. (South Atlantic Ocean, lat. 43° 54’ S.; long. 9° 20’ E.)

Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island.

-—— Puffinus assimilis baroli (Bonaparte)

Procellaria baroli Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p. 204. (Mediter- ranean, Desertas near Madeira, Canary Islands. Restricted to Deser- tas, Bannermann, Ibis, 1914, p. 477.)

Puffinus godmani Allen, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 339. (Madeira.)

Puffinus obscurus atlanticus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1911, p. 48. (Porto Santo, near Madeira.)

Madeira, Salvages and Canary Islands.

-—— Puffinus lherminieri lherminieri Lesson

Puffinus (sic) Lherminiert Lesson, Rev. Zoél., 1839, p. 102. (“Ad ripas Antillarum.”’)

Breeds on Bermuda, the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (St. Martins, Saba, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, Barbados). —— Puffinus lherminieri boydi Mathews

Puffinus lherminiert boydi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 70. (Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands.

~~ Puffinus lherminieri subalaris Ridgway

Puffinus subalaris Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1897, p. 650. (Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)

Puffinus lherminieri becki Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 70. (Cul- pepper Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)

Breeds in the Galapagos Archipelago.

60 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Puffinus Iherminieri polynesie Murphy

Puffinus lherminiert polynesie Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276, 1927, p. 8. (Tahiti, Society Islands.)

Society, Tuamotu, Marquesas and Samoan Islands.

Puffinus lherminieri dichrous Finsch and Hartlaub

Puffinus dichrous Finsch and Hartlaub, Faun. Centr. Polyn., 1867, p. 244. (McKean Island, Phoenix group.) Puffinus minor Hartlaub is a Synonym.

Western Pacific from the Phoenix to the Pelew groups.

Puffinus lherminieri gunax Mathews

Puffinus lherminiert nugax Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 72. (Off Townsville, Queensland, ex Solander ms.)

Puffinus lherminieri gunax Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1930, p. 55. New name for Puffinus nugax Mathews, not Procellaria nugax Bona- parte. (Melapav Islet, Banks group, New Hebrides.)

Probably breeding on the Banks group of the New Hebrides. Ranges to the east coast of Australia(?).

Puffinus lherminieri bannermani Mathews and Iredale

Puffinus bannermani Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 594. (North Iwojima, Bonin Islands.)

Bonin Islands.

- Puffinus lherminieri bailloni (Bonaparte)

Procellaria nugaxz a. bailloni Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p. 205. (Mauritius.)

Seychelles and Réunion; Mauritius(?).

Puffinus persicus Hume

Puffinus Persicus Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 5. (At sea between Guadar and Muscat.)

Arabian Sea and coasts of Persia and northwestern India. Breeding place not known.

Genus PTERODROMA BonaPpartTE

Pterodroma Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768. Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria macroptera A. Smith (Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 137).

Oestrelatella Bianchi, Faun. de la Russ., Aves, 1, pt. 2, 1913, p. 521, 719. Type, by original designation, @strelata hypoleuca Salvin.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 61

cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 3, 1908, p. 176-232. pt. 4, 1909, p. 233-253. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 347. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1429-1435. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 129-173. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 117-123. (Pterodroma, Aestrelata, Cookilaria.) Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 370, 1929, p. 1-17. Pterodroma macroptera macroptera (A. Smith)

Procellaria macroptera A. Smith, Ills. Zodl. So. Afr., pt. 2, 1840, pl. 52. (Cape Seas.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, the Crozets, Kerguelen Island.

Pterodroma macroptera albani Mathews

Pterodroma macroptera albani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 30. (Rabbit Island, West Australia.)

Breeds on south coast of western Australia (fide Alexander).

~——~ Pterdroma macroptera gouldi (Hutton) 4istrelata gould: Hutton, Ibis, 1869, p. 351. (New Zealand Seas.) Breeds on North Island, New Zealand.

Pterodroma aterrima (Bonaparte) Procellaria aterrima Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p. 191. (Réunion.) Mascarene Islands.

Pterodroma lessonii lessonii (Garnot)

Procellaria Lessonit Garnot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zoél., 7, 1826, p. 54, pl. 4. (‘Dans les parages du Cap Horn et de la mer Pacifique par 52° de lat. sept. [= austr.] et 85° de longit.”” ‘‘Falkland Islands Seas” sub- stituted by Mathews, List. Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 37. Why?)

Breeds on Kerguelen Island, ranges over the southern oceans from Antarctica to lat. 35° S. ~~ Pterodroma lessonii australis (Mathews)

Aestrelata lessonii australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 54. (Sydney, New South Wales.)

Breeds on Bounty, Auckland and Antipodes Islands.

~——Pterodroma hasitata (Kuhl) Procellaria hasitata Kuhl, Beitr. Zo6l., 1820, Abth. 1, p. 142. (ex Forster.)

Formerly bred on Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; present breeding colony not known but almost certainly in mountains of Hispaniola. Ranges off coasts of Florida and eastern Brazil.

62 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—fPterodroma caribbza Carte

Pterodroma caribbea Carte, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1866, p. 93, pl. 10. (Blue Mountains, Jamaica.) !

Formerly bred on the Island of Jamaica. Now extinct.

+Pterodroma cahow (Nichols and Mowbray) 4istrelata cahow Nichols and Mowbray, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 194. (South- east side of Castle Island, Bermuda.)

Formerly bred on Bermuda. Now extinct.

Pterodroma incerta (Schlegel) Procellaria incerta Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, Procell., 1863, p. 9. (‘‘Mers australes.”’)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, ranging over the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans.

Pterodroma rostrata rostrata (Peale) Procellaria rostrata Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 296. (Moun- tains about 6000 feet on Tahiti, Society Islands.)

Breeds on the Society and Marquesas Islands.

Pterodroma rostrata trouessarti Brasil

Pterodroma rostrata Trouessarti Brasil, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, 23, 1917, p. 482. (New Caledonia.)

Breeds on New Caledonia.

Pterodroma becki Murphy

Pterodroma beckit Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 322, 1928, p. 1. (Lat. 3° S., long. 155° E.)

Unique.?

Pterodroma alba (Gmelin) 3

Procellaria alba Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 565. (Turtle and Christmas Islands.)

Breeds in the tropical Pacific on Christmas Island, the Phoenix, Mar- quesas, Tonga and Tuamotu Islands(?).

1 Procellaria jamaicensis Bancroft, Zoél. Journ., 5, 1829, p. 81. (Summit of Blue Mountain Peak, Jamaica) is an absolute nomen nudum.

2 Dr. Murphy writes me that a second specimen was collected May 18, 1928, northwest of Rendova Island.

3 Loomis, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 88-91, considers this the same as Procellaria par- virostris Peale.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 63

——Pterodroma inexpectata (J. R. Forster)

Procellaria inexpectata J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 204. (Antarctic Ocean.)

Procellaria lugens Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 159. (Antarctic Ocean to southern Tierra del Fuego, ex Solander ms.)

Pterodroma inexpectata thompsoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125. (East Australia.)

Breeds on New Zealand (South Island), Chatham Islands, Bounty Island. Ranges north to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, accidental in Livingston Co., N. Y. (type of Aestrelata scalaris Brewster).

Pterodroma solandri! (Gould)

Procellaria Solandri Gould, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1844, p. 57. (Bass Strait.)

Oestrelata montana Hull, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 35, 1911, p. 785. (Lord Howe Island.)

Breeds on Lord Howe Island, Tuamotu and Austral Islands. Ranges over the South Pacific from eastern Australia to Ducie Island.

Pterodroma brevirostris (Lesson)

Procellaria brevirostris Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 611. (No type locality.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Kerguelen. Ranges over the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans.

Pterodroma heraldica heraldica (Salvin) 4istrelata heraldica Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 357. (Chesterfield Islands.) Breeds on Chesterfield Islands, Tonga, Marquesas and Tuamotu Islands.

Pterodroma heraldica paschae Lénnberg

Pterodroma (4istrelata) heraldica paschae Lénnberg, in Skottsberg’s Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, 3, pt. 1, 1920 (1921), p. 23. (Easter Island.)

Breeding on Easter Island.

—— Pterodroma phillipii (G. R. Gray)

?Procellaria melanopus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 562. (North America.)

Procellaria phillipit G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 246. (Norfolk Island.)

Procellaria neglecta Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, Procell., 1863, p. 10. (Kermadec and Sunday Islands.)

1 Replaces melanopus Gmelin.

64 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pterodroma neglecta quintali Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 68. (Lord Howe Island.)

Breeds on the Kermadecs, Lord Howe, Austral and Tuamotu Islands; Juan Fernandez. Ranges over the Pacific from the Kermadecs to Mexico.!

Pterodroma arminjoniana (Giglioli and Salvadori)

Aestrelata Arminjoniana Giglioli and Salvadori, Atti Soe. Ital. Sci. Nat., 11, 1868, p. 452. (South Trinidad Island.)

Cstrelata wilsont Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1902, p. 49. (South Trinidad Island.)

Aistrelata chionophara Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 13, pl. 2. (Trinidad Islet.)

Breeds on South Trinidad Island.

Pterodroma wortheni (Rothschild) Oestrelata worthent Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1902, p. 62. (Pacific Ocean, lat. 3° S., long. 118° 45’ W.)

Range and status not determined.

Pterodroma magentae (Giglioli and Salvadori) Aestrelata Magentae Giglioli and Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 11, 1868, p. 451. (Pacific Ocean, lat. 39° 38’ S., long. 125° 58’ W.)

Unique.

Pterodroma oliveri (Mathews and Iredale) Aistrelata oliveri Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 118. (Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.)

Kermadec Islands. (Unique.)

Pterodroma mollis mollis (Gould)

Procellaria mollis Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, 1844, p. 363. (South Atlantic Ocean.)

Pterodroma dubius Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, 1924, p. 70. (New name for bird figured and described in Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 157, pl. 86, Australia?.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Kerguelen and St. Paul Islands.

Pterodroma mollis feae (Salvadori)

Oestrelata feae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), 20, 1899, p. 305. (San Nicolas Island, Cape Verdes.)

Breeds on Madeira and the Cape Verdes. 1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 34, 1928, p. 129-131.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 65

~——Pterodroma pheopygia pheopygia (Salvin)

strelata pheopygia Salvin, Trans. Zodl. Soc. London, 9, 1876, p. 507, pl. 88, f. 1. (Chatham Island, Galapagos.)

Breeds on the Galapagos Archipelago.

Pterodroma pheopygia sandwichensis (Ridgway) Cstrelata sandwichensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway’s Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 395, in text. (Hawaiian Islands.) —— Pterodroma externa externa (Salvin)

Cstrelata externa Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 373. (Islands of Masafuera and Juan Fernandez.)

Breeds on the Juan Fernandez group.

——- Pterodroma externa cervicalis (Salvin) Cstrelata cervicalis Salvin, Ibis, 1891, p. 192. (Kermadec Islands.) Breeds on the Kermadec Islands.

Pterodroma cookii cookii (G. R. Gray)

Procellaria Cookii G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach’s Travels in New Zea- land, 2, 1843, p. 199. (New Zealand.)

Breeding at Hen and Chickens Islands, New Zealand.

—— Pterodroma cookii axillaris (Salvin)

(strelata axillaris Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 33. (Chatham Islands.)

Breeds on Chatham Islands.

-———~ Pterodroma cookii nigripennis (Rothschild)

Cstrelata nigripennis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 57. (Kermadec Islands.)

Breeds on the Kermadec and Austral Islands.

Pterodroma cookii orientalis Murphy

Pierodroma cookii orientalis Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 370, 1929, p. 5. (200 miles west of Callao, Peru.)

Occurs off the west coast of South America between lat. 12° and 34° S. Breeding place not known. ~~~ Pterodroma cookii defilippiana (Giglioli and Salvadori)

Aistrelata defilippiana Giglioli and Salvadori, Ibis, 1869, p. 63. (Off northern Chile.)

Breeds on Masatierra and Santa Clara Islands of the Juan Fernandez group. ?

66 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera (Gould)

Procellaria leucoptera Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, 1844, p. 364. (Cabbage Tree Island, Port Stephens, New South Wales.)

Cookilaria cookii byronit Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 48. (Byron Bay, error = Port Stephens.)

Breeding on Cabbage Tree Island, New South Wales.

Pterodroma leucoptera masafuerae Loénnberg

Pterodroma cookii masafuerae Lonnberg, in Skottsberg’s Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, 3, pt. 1, 1921, p. 14. (Masa- . fuera Island.)

Breeds on Masafuera Island.

Pterodroma leucoptera hypoleuca (Salvin)

Cstrelata hypoleuca Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 359. (Krusenstern Island, North Pacific Ocean = Krusenstern Reef?)

Breeding on the Bonin and western Hawaiian Islands.

Pterodroma leucoptera brevipes (Peale) Procellaria brevipes Peale, U. 8. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 297, 337. (Lat. 68° S., long. 95° W.)

Breeds on New Hebrides and in the Fijis. Ranges east to the Galapagos Islands.

Pterodroma leucoptera longirostris (Stejneger) 4istrelata longirostris Stejneger, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 618. (Province of Mutzu, Hondo, Japan.) North Pacific. Breeding place unknown.

The following “‘species” based on Solander’s descriptions have not been satisfactorily identified with any known Petrels and are purely hypothet- ical.

Pterodroma atrata (Mathews)

Procellaria atrata Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 163. (Lat. 25° 21’ S., long. 129° W., ex Solander ms.)

Pterodroma sordida (Mathews)

Procellaria sordida Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 162. (Lat. 25° 21’ S., long. 129° E. and lat. 39° 49’ S., long. 111° 30’ W., ex Solander ms.)

Pterodroma agilis (Mathews)

Procellaria agilis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 152. (Lat. 36° 49’ S., long. 111° 30’ W., ex Solander ms.)

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 67

Pterodroma siliga Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 40. (New name for P. agilis Mathews, not Gray! in synonymy of Fulmarus (Astrelata) Philippit, no description, a simple nomen nudum, the re- naming not called for.)

Pterodroma velificans (Mathews)

Procellaria velificans Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 161. (Lat. 44° 35’ 8., long. 109° 2’ W. of London, and lat. 36° 49’ S., long. 111° 30’ W., ex Solander ms.)

Genus PAGODROMA Bonaparte

Pagodroma Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria nivea Forster. cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 354. Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped., 1910, Zodl., 4, no. 5, 1930, p. 142-147.

~~ Pagodroma nivea (Forster) Procellaria nivea Forster, Voy. Round World, 1, 1777, p. 96, 98. (Lat. 52° S., long. 20° E.) Pagodroma nivea (novegeorgica) von der Steinen, Internat. Polarforsch. Deutsche Exp., 2, 1890, p. 250. (South Georgia.) Pagodroma confusa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 177, left-hand f. (Cape Adare.)

Pagodroma nivea falklandica Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76. (“New name for P. n. novegeorgica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 177, preoccupied as synonym of nivea Forster.”’)

Pagodroma nivea pealei Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1928, p. 19. (New name for Procellaria candida Peale = Procellaria nivea Forster.)

Pagodroma nivea alba Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1928, p. 52. (New name for ‘“‘the bird described in Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Island, 1928, p. 103, pl. 39.’’)

Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, probably at Cape Adare and at other places on the shores of Antarctica. Ranges north to lat. 50° S.

Genus BULWERIA Bonaparte

Bulweria Bonaparte, Nuov. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 8, 1842 (1848), p. 426. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria bulwerii Jardine and Selby.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 42-43. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1435-1436.

1 Handlist Gen. Bds., pt. 3, 1871, p. 106.

68 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine and Selby)

Procellaria bulwerii Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 2, 1828, pl. 65. (Ma-

deira.)

Bulweria bulweri pacifica Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 607.

(Iwojima, Bonin Islands.)

Breeding on islands off the coast of China; the Bonin Islands, Vulcan Islands, the western Hawaiians and Marquesas Islands in the Pacific Ocean; Madeira, the Salvages, Canary and Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic.

Bulweria macgillivrayi (G. R. Gray) Thalassidroma (Bulweria) Macgillivrayi G. R. Gray, Cat. Bds. Trop. Ids. Pacific Ocean, 1859 (= 1860?), p. 56. (Ngau, Fiji Islands.) Unique. Famity HYDROBATIDAE

Genus OCEANITES KeEysERLING AND BLAsIus

Oceanites Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Eur., 1, 1840, p. xciii, 131, 238. Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria wilsonii Bo- naparte = Procellaria oceanica Kuhl. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1841, p. 99.)

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1922, p. 243. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 11-14. Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 117-146.

Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus (Kuhl)

Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, Beitr. Zo6l., 1820, Abth. 1, p. 136, pl. 10, f. 1. (No type locality. South Georgia designated by Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 128.)

Breeds on South Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, wintering in

the North Atlantic to Labrador, the Grand Banks and British Isles.

?Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus Mathews Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 11, pl. 68. (New Zealand Seas.) Breeds on Antarctica. Ranges north to India, Australia and New Cale- donia.

Oceanites gracilis gracilis (Elliot) Thalassidroma gracilis Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 391. (West coast of [South] America.) Breeding grounds not known.

1 Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 86 gives: ‘‘O. o. chilensis”’ as ‘‘breeding on islets off Cape Horn.”’ I am unable to find out when, where or by whom the alleged subspecies was named. It is not citable from Alexander, since the name is a nomen nudum at that point.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 69

—— Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis Lowe

Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p. 140. (Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)

Breeds on the Galapagos.

Genus PELAGODROMA ReEIcHENBACH

Pelagodroma Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by original designation, Procellaria marina Latham.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 91-92. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 353. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 19-30. Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233-235.

Pelagodroma marina marina (Latham)

Procellaria marina Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 826. (Southern oceans = off the mouth of the Rio La Plata, lat. 35° S. — lat. 37° S. fide Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands.

—— Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Webb, Berthelot and Moquin-Tandon)

Thalassidroma hypoleuca Webb, Berthelot and Moquin-Tandon, Orn. Canarienne, 1841, p. 45. (Tenerife, Canary Islands.)

Breeds on the Salvages, Canary and Cape Verde Islands.

—_—. Pelagodroma marina maoriana Mathews

Pelagodroma marina maoriana Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 24. (Type from Chatham Islands.)

Procellaria passerina Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 24. (Kermadec Islands, ex Solander ms.)

Breeds in New Zealand (North Island), Auckland, Chatham and Ker- madec Islands.

Pelagodroma marina dulcize Mathews

Pelagodroma marina dulcie Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 21. (Breaksea Island, Southwest Australia.)

Pelagodroma marina howei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 26. (Mud Island, Victoria.)

Breeds on the coasts of western and southern Australia.

GENnus FREGETTA Bonaparte

Fregetta Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 1855, p. 1113. Type, by original designation, Thalassidroma lewcogaster Gould.

Fregettornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31. Type, by original designation, Procellaria grallaria Vieillot.

70 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 33, 1926, p. 356-357. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31-36. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 108-110. (Fregetta, Pealea, Cymodroma.) Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 7-11.

Fregetta grallaria grallaria (Vieillot)

Procellaria grallaria Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., 25, 1817, p. 418. (New South Wales, error “Juan Fernandez” designated as type lo- cality by Mathews, supra, 1927, p. 109.)

Breeds on Masatierra Island, Juan Fernandez group.

Fregetta grallaria titan Murphy Fregetta grallaria titan Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 322, 1928, p. 4. (Rapa Island, Austral group, South Pacific.)

Rapa Island and adjacent waters.

Fregetta grallaria insularis (Mathews) Fregettornis insularis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 124. (Lord Howe Island.) Fregettornis alisteri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 124. (Lord Howe Island.)

Fregettornis innominatus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 124. (Lord Howe Island.)

Breeds on Lord Howe Island.

Fregetta royana (Mathews)

Fregettornis royanus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 86. (Lord Howe Island.) Probably a melanism of insularis for which it would then be an earlier name.

?Fregetta lineata (Peale) Thalassidroma lineata Peale, U.S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 293. (Upolu, Samoa.) !

Fregetta tropica tropica (Gould) Thalassidroma tropica Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 366. (Atlantic Ocean in lat. 33° N., long. 18° 6’ W.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha.

Fregetta tropica melanogaster (Gould) Thalassidroma melanogaster Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 367. (Southern Indian Ocean.) Fregetta tropica australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 86. (New Zealand.)

1 Dr. Murphy tells me that lineata is only a phase of some species of Fregetta.

ORDER PROCELLARITFORMES 71

Breeds on Kerguelen and the Crozets; said to breed also on the South Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands.

?Fregetta tubulata Mathews

Fregetta tubulata Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 42. (Near the coasts of Australia, ex Gould Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 367- 368.) 1

Genus NESOFREGETTA MatuHews Nesofregetta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31. Type, by original designation, Fregetta mestissima Salvin. cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 108. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 11-13. —— Nesofregetta albigularis (Finsch)

Procellaria albigularis Finsch, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1877, p. 722. (Kandavu, Fiji Islands.)

?F regetta Amphitrite Jardine, Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 6, 1858 (1859), p. 172. (Marquesas Islands.)

Breeds on Christmas Island, the Phoenix, Marquesas and Fiji Islands; New Hebrides. Nesofregetta meestissima (Salvin)

Fregetta mestissima Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1879, p. 130. (Samoan Islands.)

Unique. Genus GARRODIA Forses Garrodia Forbes, Coll. Sci. Papers of Garrod, 1881, p. 521, note. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Thalassidroma nereis Gould. cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 15-18.

~~~ Garrodia nereis (Gould)

Thalassidroma Nereis Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 178. (Bass Strait, Australia.)

Procellaria saltatrix Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 16. (Lat. 42° 34’ S., long. 185° W. = off Kaukoura, New Zealand, ex Solander ms.)

Procellaria longipes Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 17. (Off New Zea- land, ex Solander ms.)

Oceanites nereis chubbi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 18. (Falkland Islands.)

1 This ‘‘species’’ appears to have been based on a specimen of an already known form of Fregetta in which the nasal tubes have become distorted.

72 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oceanites nereis couesi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 18. (Kergue- len.) Breeds on New Zealand, Chatham, Bounty and Auckland Islands, South

Georgia, the Falkland Islands, and Kerguelen.

Genus HYDROBATES Bott

Hydrobates Boie, Isis, 1822, col. 562. Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria pelagica Linné (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 403).

cf. Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1924, p. 409-412.

‘Hydrobates pelagicus (Linné) Procellaria pelagica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p.131. (Restricted type locality; coast of Sweden.)

Eastern North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, breeding on Ice- land, the coast of Norway, small islands off the British Isles and west coast of France and islands in the western Mediterranean. Ranges to the Red Sea and coasts of tropical western Africa.

Genus OCEANODROMA REIcHENBACH Oceanodroma Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by original designation, Procellaria furcata Gmelin. Bannermania Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 578. Type, by mono- typy, Thalassidroma hornbyi Gray. Pacificodroma Bianchi, Faun. de la Russ., Ois., 1, pt. 2, 1913, p. 516, 559. Type, by original designation, Thalassidroma monorhis Swinhoe.

cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 79-81, 83-85, 87, 90. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 1, 1907, p. 8-40. Oberholser, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 465-467.

SuBGENUS CYMOCHOREA CovEs

Cymochorea Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 75. Type, by original designation, Procellaria leucorhoa Vieillot.

Oceanodroma tethys tethys (Bonaparte) Thalassidroma Tethys Bonaparte, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 47. (Gala- pagos Islands.) Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.

Oceanodroma tethys kelsalli (Lowe)

Thalassidroma tethys kelsalli Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1925, p. 6. (Ancon, Peru.)

Breeds on islands off the coast of Peru.

ORDER PROCELLARITFORMES 13

Oceanodroma castro castro (Harcourt)

Thalassidroma castro Harcourt, Sketch of Madeira, 1851, p. 123. (De- sertas Islets, Madeira.)

Breeds on Madeira, the Salvages, Azores, Cape Verdes and St. Helena.

- Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura (Ridgway)

Cymochorea cryptoleucura Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 4, 1882, p. 337. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.)

Breeds on the Hawaiian Islands.

~ Oceanodroma castro bangsi Nichols

Oceanodroma castro bangst Nichols, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 389. (Lat. 1°N., long. 93° W.)

Breeds on the Galapagos Islands and probably Cocos Island.

~ Oceanodroma leucorhoa beali Emerson

Oceanodroma beali Emerson, Condor, 8, 1906, p. 54. (Sitka Bay, Alaska.)

Oceanodroma beldingi Emerson, Condor, 8, 1906, p. 54. (Netarts Bay, coast of Oregon.)

Breeds from southeastern Alaska to the coast of Oregon.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa kaedingi Anthony

Oceanodroma kaedingi Anthony, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 37. (At sea near Guadalupe Island, Lower California.)

Breeds on Guadalupe Island, Lower California; occurs off Lower Cali- fornia south to Clarion and Socorro Islands.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa leucorhoa (Vieillot)

Procellaria leucorhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 25, 1817, p. 422. (Maritime parts of Picardy.)

Breeds on Kurile, Commander and Aleutian Islands, coasts of Alaska, Maine, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, So. Greenland, Iceland, Faroes and British Isles. South in winter across the Equator. ~ Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. Bryant

Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla W. E. Bryant, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2, 1887, p. 450. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.)

Formerly bred on Guadalupe Island. Now probably extinct.

Oceanodroma markhami markhami (Salvin)

Cymochorea markhami Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1883, p. 430. (Coast of Peru. Lat. 19° 40’ S., long. 75° W.)

Occurs off coast of Peru and Chile; breeding ground not known.

74 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oceanodroma markhami tristrami Salvin Oceanodroma tristrami Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 347 Gn key), p. 354. (Sendai Bay, Japan.) Japan, Laysan Island, Midway Island.

Oceanodroma owstoni (Mathews and Iredale) Cymochorea owstoni Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 581. (Okinose, Sagami Sea.) !

Oceanodroma melania melania (Bonaparte) Procellaria melania Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, 1854, p. 662. (Coast of California.) Breeds on islands off the coast of Lower California (San Benito Island and Los Coronados).

Oceanodroma melania matsudarie Kuroda Oceanodroma melania matsudarie Kuroda, Ibis, 1922, p. 311. (Sagami Bay, Japan.) Breeding place unknown.

Oceanodroma monorhis monorhis (Swinhoe) Thalassidroma monorhis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, p. 386. (Near Amoy, China.) Breeds on islands off Formosa, ranges north to Japan and south to Singa- pore.

Oceanodroma monorhis socorroensis C. H. Townsend Oceanodroma socorroensis C. H. Townsend, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890, p. 134. (Socorro Island, Lower California.) Oceanodroma monorhis chapmani Berlepsch, Auk, 23, 1906, p. 185. (San Benito Island.) Breeds on islands off Lower California and west coast of Mexico; ranges north to California and south to the Galapagos.

Oceanodroma homochroa (Coues) Cymochorea homochroa Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 77. (Farallon Islands, California.) Breeds on the Farallon Islands, San Miguel and Santa Clara Islands,

California. SuBGENUS OCEANODROMA

Oceanodroma hornbyi (G. R. Gray) Thalassidroma Hornbyi G. R. Gray, Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, 1853 (1854), p. 62. (Northwest coast of America.)

1 This species may eventually prove to be the same as tristrami and will re- place it if tristrami turns out to be unidentifiable.

ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 75

Procellaria (Oceanites) collaris R. A. Philippi, Verh. Deutsch. wiss. Ver. Santiago, 3, pt. 1, 1895, p. 11 and plate. (Tableland east of Taltal, Chile.)

Breeds in the Chilean Andes and occurs in the warm-water areas of the

tropical and subtropical south Pacific adjacent to the coast of South America.

— Oceanodroma furcata (Gmelin)

Procellaria furcata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 561. (Icy seas between America and Asia.)

Breeds on Kurile, Commander and Aleutian Islands and islands off coast of southern Alaska, Washington and northern California.

Genus HALOCYPTENA CovsEs

Halocyptena Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 78. Type, by original designation, Halocyptena microsoma Coues.

cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 1, 1907, p. 6-7.

Halocyptena microsoma Coues Halocyptena microsoma Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 79. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.)

Breeds on San Benito Island, Lower California; occurs on Pacific coast of America from Lower California to Ecuador.

Famity PELECANOIDIDAE Genus PELECANOIDES Lac&pEpDE

Pelecanoides Lacépéde, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 13. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria urinatrix Gmelin.

Porthmornis (subgen.) Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 44, 1921, p. 502, f. 2, b., p. 503 (in key), p. 518. Type, by monotypy, Puffinuria garnotit magellani Mathews.

Pelagodyptes (subgen.) Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 44,1921, p. 502, f. 2, c., p. 503 (in key), p.519. Type, by monotypy, Pelecanoides georgicus Murphy and Harper.

cf. Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 44, 1921, p. 495-554.

- Pelecanoides garnotii (Lesson)

Puffinuria Garnotii Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 394. (Coast of Peru between Isla San Gallan and Lima.)

Puffinuria garnotii lessoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 239. (Coast of Chile.)

West coast of South America from Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru to Val- paraiso, Chile.

76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pelecanoides magellani (Mathews)

Puffinuria garnotit magellant Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 239. (Straits of Magellan.)

Pacific coast of South America from Trinidad channel south to Cape Horn; Atlantic coast from Puerto Deseado south to Cape Horn.

Pelecanoides georgica Murphy and Harper

Pelecanoides georgica Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 66. (Cumberland Bay, South Georgia.)

South Georgia; Macquarie Island.

Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix (Gmelin)

Procellaria urinatriz Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)

Pelecanoides urinatrix belchert Math. Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 84. (Australian Seas = Victoria, ec Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 41.)

Coasts of southeastern Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand.

Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis Murphy and Harper

Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 65. (Chatham Islands.)

Chatham and Auckland Islands, Snares Island, Bounty Island(?), An- tipodes Island(?)

Pelecanoides urinatrix berard (Gaimard)

Procellaria Berard Gaimard, Bull. Gén. et Univ. Ann. et Nouv. Sci., 3, 1823, p. 53. (Near the Falkland Islands.)

Breeds on the Falkland Islands; occurs off the Argentine coast from Buenos Aires province 8. to lat. 50°.

Pelecanoides urinatrix dacunhe Nicoll

Pelecanoides dacunhe Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 103. (Tristan da Cunha.)

Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Islands.

Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri Mathews

Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 238. (Straits of Magellan. Type from Cockle Cove, Pilot Island, Trinidad Channel, Chile.)

Breeding range not known, probably restricted to the vicinity of the type locality.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 17

Pelecanoides exsul Salvin

Pelecanoides exsul Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 437 (in key), p. 438. (Kerguelen Island, fixed by Murphy and Harper, loc. cit., p. 544.)

Crozet, Kerguelen and Auckland Islands.

OrpDER PELECANIFORMES SuBoRDER PHAETHONTES

Famity PHAETHONTIDAE

Genus PHAETHON Linné

Phaéthon Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 134. Type, by subsequent designation, Phaéthon ethereus Linné (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 80.)

Sceophethon ' (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 56. Type, by original designation, Phaéthon rubricauda westralis Mathews (new name for Phoenicurus Bonaparte, not Forster).

Leptophethon ' (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 56. Type, by original designation, Phaéthon lepturus dorothee Mathews (new name for Lepturus Reichenbach, not Brisson).

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 32, 1925, p. 275-276. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 233-235. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 17-18. -—— Phaéthon ethereus ethereus Linné

Phaéthon ethereus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 134. (Ascension Island.)

Breeds on Ascension Island, Fernando Noronha and St. Helena Island.

Phaéthon zethereus mesonauta Peters

Phaéthon ethereus mesonauta Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1930, p. 261. (Swan Key, Almirante Bay, Panama.)

Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico; the Galapagos Archi- pelago (Daphne Island); in Almirante Bay, Panama; off the coast of Vene- zuela; locally in the Lesser Antilles; the Cape Verde Islands.

~ Phaéthon ethereus limatus Peters

Phaéthon ethereus limatus Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1930, p. 261. (Tower Island, Galapagos Islands.)

Breeds on Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago.

1 Originally proposed as new generic name, not as a substitute.

78 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phaéthon ethereus indicus Hume Phaeton indicus Hume, Str. Feath., 4, 1876, p. 481, 4838. (Mekran coast.)

Northern Indian Ocean — said to breed on islands in the Persian Gulf; Dahlak Islands.

Phaéthon rubricauda rubricauda Boddaert Phaeton rubricauda Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 57. (Mauri- tius.) Tropical western Indian Ocean, breeding on Mauritius.

Phaéthon rubricauda westralis Mathews

Phethon (sic) rubricauda westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 88. (West Australia, type from Houtman’s Abrolhos.)

Breeding on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and islands off the north- west coast of Australia.

-Phaéthon rubricauda roseotincta (Mathews) Sceophaethon rubricauda roseotincta Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 60, new name for:

Phaéthon rubricauda erubescens Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, pt. 3, 1900, p. 296. (Kermadec Islands) preoccupied by Phaeton erubescens Gray, List. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, pt. 3, p. 182 in synonymy of P. phoenicu- ros Gmelin.

Phaéthon novaehollandiae Auct. recent., not Brandt. Cf. Hartert, supra. Kermadec, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.

Phaéthon rubricauda melanorhynchos Gmelin

Phaéton melanorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 582. (Turtle and Palmerston Islands.)

Palmerston, Society and Turtle Islands.

Phaéthon rubricauda rothschildi (Mathews)

Sceophethon rubricauda rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 303. (Laysan and Nihau.)

Sceophethon rubricauda brevirostris Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 303. (Bonin Islands, type from North Noojima.)

Bonin and Hawaiian Islands.

- Phaéthon lepturus lepturus Daudin Phaéton lepturus Daudin, Buffon Hist. Nat., ed. Didot, Quadr., 14, 1802, p. 319. (Mauritius.)

Indian Ocean, breeding in the Mascarene, Seychelles and Andaman Islands.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 79

Phaéthon lepturus fulvus Brandt

Phaéthon fulvus Brandt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., (6), 5, 1840, p. 269. (No type locality.)

Christmas Island,! Indian Ocean.

—— Phaéthon lepturus dorotheez Mathews

Phethon lepturus dorothee Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1918, p. 7. (Queensland.)

Breeds on islands in the southwestern Pacific.

—— Phaéthon lepturus catesbyi Brandt

Phaéthon catesbyi Brandt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., (6), 5, 1840, p. 270. (Restricted type locality, Bermuda, Mathews, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 196.)

Breeds on Bermuda, Bahamas and locally in the Greater and Lesser Antilles.

Phaéthon lepturus ascensionis (Mathews)

Leptophethon lepturus ascensionis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 311. (Ascension Island.)

Breeds on Ascension and Fernando Noronha Islands; Ilha das Cabres, Gulf of Guinea.

SUBORDER PELECANI SuPERFAMILY PELECANOIDEA Famity PELECANIDAE

Genus PELECANUS Linné

Pelecanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. Type, by subsequent designation, Pelecanus onocrotalus Linné (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 80).

Metapelecanus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 206. Type, by original designation, Pelecanus roseus Gmelin.

Neopelecanus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 206. Type, by monotypy, Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin.

cf. Dubois, in Wytsman’s Gen. Av., pt. 7, 1907, p. 1-4, 1 pl. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1402-1405. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 235-236. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 23.

1 Cf. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1897, p. 23-34.

80 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

} SuBGENUS PELECANUS LINNE / Pelecanus onocrotalus Linné Pelecanus Onocrotalus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Africa, Asia.) Lakes and larger rivers of southeastern Europe east to northern India, _ south to Senegal, the White Nile and Nyasaland.

Pelecanus roseus Gmelin Pelecanus roseus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 570. (Manila, 1 2 fs) Eastern (and central?) Asia; White Nile and coasts of South Africa; Greater Sunda and Philippine Islands in winter.

/ Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571. (West Africa.) Africa south of lat. 16° N.; southern Arabia; Madagascar.

Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p.571. (Philip- pine Islands.) Coasts of India and Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula and southern China; Hainan, Java, Luzon and Mindanao.

Pelecanus crispus Bruch Pelecanus crispus Bruch, Isis, 1832, col. 1109. (Dalmatia.) Southeastern Europe, Sea of Azov, Caspian Sea, northern Syria, Persian Gulf east to southeast Mongolia and China; winters south to Egypt, northern India and southern China. y~ Pelecanus conspicillatus conspicillatus Temminck

Pelecanus conspicillatus Temminck Pl. Col., livr. 47, 1824, pl. 276. (Australia = New South Wales.)

Eastern Australia; accidental in New Zealand.

?Pelecanus conspicillatus westralis Mathews Pelecanus conspicillatus westralis Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 244. (Perth, West Australia.) Tenimber Islands, New Guinea, northern and western Australia.

SuBGENUS CYRTOPELICANUS RericHENBACH

Cyrtopelicanus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. vil. Type, by original designation, Pelecanus trachyrhynchus Latham = Pele- canus erythrorhynchos Gmelin.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 81

Sf- Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571. (North America = Hudson Bay and New York, ex Latham, Syn., 3, 2, p. 586, no. 8.)

Breeds from central British Columbia and Great Slave Lake to central Manitoba, south to southern California and southern Texas. Winters locally from California to Florida and southward to Panama.

SuBGENUS LEPTOPELICANUS REICcHENBACH

Leptopelicanus Reichenbach Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. vii. Type, by original designation, Pelecanus fuscus Gmelin = P. occidentalis Linné. ~—y Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Linné

Pelecanus occidentalis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 215. (Ja- maica, from first citation.)

Pelecanus relictus G. H. Thayer, The Sentry, Kingstown, St. Vincent, W. I., Jan. 9, 1925. (Kingstown Harbor, St. Vincent.)

Greater and Lesser Antilles, breeding locally.

i ‘~ Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis Gmelin Pelecanus carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt.2,1789, p.571. (Charles- ton Harbor, South Carolina.) Pelecanus albicollis Maynard, Am. Sportsm., 3, 1874, p. 379. (Cedar Keys, Florida.) Breeds locally along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of southern United States from North Carolina to Texas (perhaps further south).

~~~ Pelecanus occidentalis californicus Ridgway

Pelecanus (fuscus?) californicus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridg- way, Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 148. (La Paz, Lower Cali- fornia.)

Pacific coast of America from southern British Columbia south to

Ecuador and the Galapagos Archipelago.

*— Pelecanus occidentalis thagus Molina Pelecanus Thagus Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 240. (Chile.)

Pelecanus Landbecki F. Philippi, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, Chile, 1, 1909, p. 63.

Coasts of Peru and Chile south to central Chile and casually further.

82 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity Cpphornithidae SuPERFAMILY SULOIDEA Famity Pelagornithidae Famity SULIDAE Grenus MORUS VIEILLotT

Morus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 63. Type, by monotypy, “Fou de Bassan” Buffon = Pelecanus bassanus Linné.

Sulita Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 123. Type, by original designation, Pelecanus bassanus Linné (new name for Morus Vieillot on grounds of preoccupation by Morum Bolten).

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1405-1407. Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 76-77. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 20.

- Morus bassanus (Linné)

Pelecanus Bassanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 1383. (Scot-

land; America = Bass Rock; Scotland.)

Breeds locally on the British Isles, islands off Iceland and in North America in islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off Newfoundland. In winter south to northern Africa, eastern Atlantic islands and the Gulf of Mexico.

“Morus capensis (Lichtenstein) Dysporus capensis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 86. (Cape of Good Hope.) Breeds on islands off the coasts of South Africa from Hollams Bird Island to Algoa Bay.

Morus serrator serrator (G. R. Gray) Pelecanus serrator G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach, Travels in New Zealand, 2, 1843, p. 200. (Substitute name for Sula australis Gould, not Stephens. Tasmania.) Sula serrator dyotti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 19138, p. 63. (Tas- mania.) Breeds on islands in Bass Strait and off Tasmania, occurring off the coasts of Australia south of Fremantle and Brisbane.

/-Morus serrator rex (Mathews and Iredale)

Sulita serrator rec Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 77. (New Zealand.)

Breeds on North Island, New Zealand.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 83

Genus SULA Brisson

Sula, Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60; 6, 1760, p. 494. Type, by tautonymy, “Sula” = Sula leucogaster Boddaert.

Hemisula Mathews, Austral Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 55. Type, by original designation, Sula leucogaster rogerst Mathews.

Parasula Mathews, Austral Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 55. Type, by original designation, Sula dactylatra bedouti Mathews.

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. S. A., 1912, p. 60. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 199-235. Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 71-75. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 230-232. (Sula, Piscatriz, Parasula.) Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 41-45. Sclater, Syst. Av., thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 18-19.

— Sula nebouxii Milne-Edwards

Sula Nebouxii Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zoél., (6), 18, art. 4, 1882, p. 37, pl.14. (Pacific coast of America.)

Breeds on islands off the coasts of Mexico, Ecuador, northern Peru and in the Galapagos Islands.

—,- Sula variegata (Tschudi)

Dysporus variegatus Tschudi, Fauna Per., Orn., 1845, p. 313. (Islands off the coast of Peru.)

Breeds on islands off the coast of Peru and ranging south to Chiloe Island, Chile.

Sula abbotti Ridgway

Sula abbotti Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 599. (Assump- tion Island.)

Tropical Indian Ocean, breeding at Assumption and Christmas Islands.

—/- Sula dactylatra dactylatra Lesson

f Sula dactylatra Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 601. (Ascension Island.) 1

Breeds locally in the West Indies and at Ascension Island.

—/ Sula dactylatra californica Rothschild

Sula dactylatra californica Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 43. (San Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedos group.)

Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico.

1 Sula dactylatra Lesson, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ 1, 1829, p. 494 (Ascension Island) is a nomen nudum.

84 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Sula dactylatra granti Rothschild

Sula granti Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1902, p. 7. (Galapagos Islands, type from Culpepper Island.)

Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.

Sula dactylatra personata Gould

Sula personata Gould, Proe. Zodél. Soc. London, 1846, p. 21. (North and northeast coasts of Australia = Raine Island, North Queensland.)

Breeds on islands of the central and western tropical Pacific Ocean and off northeastern Australia. Sula dactylatra bedouti Mathews

Sula dactylatra bedouti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 189. (Bedout Island, southwest Australia.)

Christmas Island, Indian Ocean to the Sunda Islands, and northern Australia. (Very doubtfully distinct from personata.) Sula dactylatra melanops Heuglin

Sula melanops Heuglin, Ibis, 1859, p. 351, pl. 10, f. 2 and 3. (Burda- Rebschi, Somali coast.)

Western Indian Ocean (Assumption, Seychelles and Mascarene Islands); the Red Sea and East African coasts from Lindi to Somaliland. Sula sula websteri Rothschild

Sula websteri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 52. (Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedos group.)

Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.

Sula sula sula (Linné)

Pelecanus Sula! Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 218. (Ascension Island, designated by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 216.)

Piscatiriz sula autumnalis Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22, 1919, p. 186 and plate. (South Trinidad Island.)

Breeds locally in the West Indies and on Ascension and South Trinidad Islands. Sula sula rubripes Gould

Sula rubripes Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 7. (New South Wales = Raine Island, northern Queensland, fide Mathews.)

Islands of the Indian and tropical western and central Pacific Oceans.

Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert)

Pelecanus Leucogaster Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 57, no. 973. (Cayenne.)

1 Pelecanus piscator Linné, 1758, p. 134 is in my opinion indeterminable.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 85

Breeds on Florida Keys (formerly), islands off the Caribbean coast of Central America, the West Indies and the tropical Atlantic.

—f- Sula leucogaster brewsteri Goss Sula brewsteri Goss, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 242. (San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.) Sula nesiotes Heller and Snodgrass, Condor, 3, 1901, p. 75. (Clipperton Island.) Eastern Pacific from Lower California to Clipperton Island, breeding on islands off the coast throughout its range.

~~ Sula leucogaster etesiaca Thayer and Bangs

Sula etesiaca Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 46, no. 5, 1905, -p. 92. (Gorgona Island.) Islands off the Pacific coast of Central America and Colombia (Pearl Islands, Cocos, Saboga and Gorgonilla Islands) and probably also the Galapagos Islands.

Sula leucogaster plotus Forster Pelecanus Plotus Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 278. (Near New Caledonia.) Western and central tropical Pacific to northeastern Australia.

Sula leucogaster rogersi Mathews

Sula leucogaster rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 189. (Bedout Island, West Australia.)

Java to northern Australia. (Probably the same as plotus.)

Famity PHALACROCORACIDAE Genus PHALACROCORAX Brisson

Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonymy, Pha- lacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linné.

Mesocarbo Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 415. Type, by original designation, Carbo sulcirostris Brandt.

Pseudocarbo Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 205. Type, by original designation, Pelecanus capensis Sparrman.

Anacarbo Roberts, Ann. Transy. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 205. Type, by original designation, Graculus neglectus Wahlberg.

ef. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1386-1399.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 161-192. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 224-229. Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 25, 1916, p. 31-48. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 174-201. Sclater, Syst. Av. Hthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 20-21.

86 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phalacrocorax auritus cincinatus (Brandt)

Carbo cincinatus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 3, 1837, col. 55. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.)

Breeds on the Pacific coast of North America from the Alaska Peninsula and Kadiak Island south to Washington. In winter south to California. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway

Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2, 1884, p. 94. (Pacific coast of the United States from California to Cape St. Lucas = Farallon Islands, California.)

Western United States from Oregon, Nevada and Utah to southern Lower California and Arizona; Revilla Gigedo Islands. Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (Lesson)

Carbo auritus Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 605. (New Zea- land, error = North America.)

Breeds from central Saskatchewan, northern Ontario and Newfoundland south to northern Utah, middle Mississippi valley and eastern Maine. Winters from Virginia to the Gulf Coast.

Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus (Audubon)

Carbo floridanus Audubon, Bds. Am. (folio ed.) 3, 1835, pl. 252. (Florida Keys.)

Breeds in North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, the Bahamas and the Isle of Pines. Winters throughout its breeding range, except in the Carolinas. Phalacrocorax olivaceus mexicanus (Brandt)

Carbo mexicanus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 3, 1837, col. 56. (Mexico.)

Northwestern Mexico to Louisiana and south to northern Nicaragua; the Bahamas, Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Phalacrocorax olivaceus olivaceus ! (Humboldt)

Pelecanus olivaceus Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, “Rec. d’Observ. Zo6él. et d’Anat. Comp.,” 1805, p. 6. (Banks of the Magda- lena River, lat. 8° 55’ N., Colombia.)

Coasts, lakes and rivers of Central and South America from Nicaragua to Tierra del Fuego.

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris sulcirostris (Brandt)

Carbo sulcirostris Brandt, Bull. Sci. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb., 3, 1837, col. 56. (Terrae australes = New South Wales?)

Eastern, southern and southwestern Australia.

1 Olim vigua. Cf. Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 39, 1926, p. 142.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 87

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris territori (Mathews)

Mesocarbo ater territori Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 176. (Hermit Hill, Northern Territory.) Southern Borneo through the Moluccas to New Guinea, Kei and Aru Islands to Northwest Australia and Northern Territory.

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris purpuragula (Peale)

Carbo purpuragula Peale, U.S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 269. (Manua Bay, New Zealand.)

New Zealand, known only from the Bay of Islands.

Phalacrocorax carbo carbo Linné

Pelecanus Carbo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 133. (“‘Europe.” Restricted to the ‘‘rock-nesting form of North Atlantic Ocean,” Hartert, antea, p. 1387.)

Breeds in North America from Labrador to Nova Scotia; Greenland; Iceland; in Europe on the Fiaroes and the Norwegian coast to the Kola Peninsula; British Isles. Generally resident in winter, south occasionally to Long Island, Lake Ontario and eastern Atlantic islands.

—.. Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis! (Shaw)

Pelecanus sinensis Shaw, Nat. Misc., 13, 1801, pl. 529, text. (China.)

Phalacrocorax carbo indicus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 171. (India.)

Central and southern Europe east to China and India.

Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae Kuroda

Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae Kuroda, Tori, 4, 1925, 348 and col. pl. of head. (Haneda, Province of Shimosa, Japan.)

Breeds in Japan and probably also Saghalin, the Kuriles, Quelpart Island and Korea. ~ Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus Hartert

Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 110. (Shorf Elbaz, west coast of Morocco.)

West coast of Morocco from Cape Blanco to Mogador.

- Phalacrocorax carbo lugubris Riippell Phalacrocorax lugubris Riippell, Syst. Uebers. V6g. N. O. Afr., 1845, p. 134, pl. 50. (Abyssinia.)

Northeastern Africa south to the central African lakes. 1 Carbo subcormoranus Brehm is a synonym. cf. Ticehurst, Ibis, 1923, p.

459; Stresemann, Abh. u. bericht Mus. Dresden, 16, no. 2, 1923, p. 65; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 68, no. 7, 1928, p. 326.

88 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus (Lichtenstein) Halieus lucidus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 86. (Cape of Good Hope.) The Cape Verde Islands and coasts of Africa from Senegal on the west and the Tana River on the east south to Cape Province.

-Phalacrocorax carbo novehollandiz Stephens

Phalacrocorax Nove Hollandie Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. ZoGl., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 938. (New South Wales.)

Carbo carbo westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 33. (Swan River, Southwest Australia.)

Phalacrocorax carbo gracemeri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 167. (Gracemere, Queensland.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Phalacrocorax carbo steadi (Mathews and Iredale) Carbo carbo steadi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 411. (New Zea- land.)

New Zealand.

Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens Phalacrocoraz fuscicollis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zo6l., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 91. (Bengal.)

India, Ceylon, Assam and Burma.

Phalacrocorax capensis (Sparrman)

Pelecanus capensis Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fase. 3, 1788, no. 61 and pl. (False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.)

Coasts of South Africa north to the Congo and Natal.

Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes

Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, Bull. Liverp. Mus., 2, 1899, p. 3. (Socotra.)

Socotra Island, coasts of the Gulf of Aden and islands in the Persian Gulf.

Phalacrocorax neglectus (Wahlberg)

Graculus neglectus Wahlberg, Gifv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., Stockholm, 12, 1855, p. 214. (Islands off the coast of southwest Africa.)

Coasts of South Africa from Namaqualand to Simon’s Bay.

Phalacrocorax capillatus (Temminck and Schlegel)

Carbo capillatus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Faun. Jap. Aves., 1850, pl. 88. (Japan.)

Japan, Korea, Quelpart Island.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 89

~~ Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt)

Carbo penicillatus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 3, 1837, col. 55. (Type locality not given.)

Pacific coast of North America from Vancouver Island to Cape San Lucas. —/— Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis 1 (Linné)

Pelecanus aristotelis Linné, Fn. Svec., 1761, p. [xxiii], based on no. 146. (Sweden.)

Coasts of Iceland and Norway to the Murman coast, the Fiaroes, rocky coasts of the British Isles, Channel Islands and the west coast of France, Portugal and Spain.

—f- Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii (Payraudeau)

Carbo Desmarestii Payraudeau, Ann. Sci. Nat., 8, 1826, p. 464. (Coasts of Sardinia, etc.)

Islands and rocky coasts of the Mediterranean from the Balearic Islands to Greece; the Adriatic Sea; uncommon in northern Africa. Phalacrocorax aristotelis riggenbachi Hartert

Phalacrocorax graculus riggenbachi Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 30, 1923, p. 132. (Cape Blanco north, west coast of Morocco.)

West coast of Morocco from Mogador to Cape Blanco north.

A _ Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus Pallas

Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas, Zodgr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 303. (East Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands.)

Breeds on Chuckchee Peninsula, Kamchatka, the Commander, Kurile and Aleutian Islands, coasts and islands of northwestern North America from Norton Sound to central-south Alaska. South in winter to Japan and China on the west and to Puget Sound on the east.

~—|.Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens Audubon

Phalacrocoraz resplendens Audubon, Bds. Am. (folio ed.), 4, 1838, pl. 412, left hand f. 1. (Cape Disappointment, Washington.)

Pacific coast of North America from Washington to Cape San Lucas and Mazatlan. {Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas

Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas, Zo6gr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 305. (Bering Island.)

Bering Island. Extinct since 1852, five specimens in existence.

1 Olim graculus; for change of name cf. Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 5, 1923, p. 48.

a

90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Phalacrocorax urile (Gmelin)

Pelecanus Urile Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 575. (Kamchatka.)

Kamchatkan seacoast, Kuriles, Commander Islands, islands in Bering Sea, Pribilov and Aleutian Islands.

_ Phalacrocorax magellanicus (Gmelin)

Pelecanus magellanicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576.2 (Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island.)

Coasts of southern South America from Chiloe Island on the west to Santa Cruz on the east; Falkland Islands.

Phalacrocorax bougainvillii (Lesson)

Carbo Bougainvillit Lesson, Voy. ‘Thétis et de L’Espérance,’ 2, 1837, p. 331. (Valparaiso, Chile.)

West coast of South America from Punta Parifias, Peru to Corral, Chile.

Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller, Ibis, 1873, p. 90. (Chatham Islands.) Chatham Islands.

Phalacrocorax varius varius (Gmelin)

Pelecanus varius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576. (Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

Phalacrocorax varius perthi (Mathews)

Carbo varius perthi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 88. (Perth, West Australia.)

Hypoleucus varius whitei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 187. (Lake Albert, South Australia.)

Southern Australia; Tasmania?

Phalacrocorax fuscescens (Vieillot)

Hydrocorax fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 86. (“ Australasie.’’)

Carbo gouldi tunneyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 88. (South- western Australia.)

Southern Australia and Tasmania. 1 Carbo ater Lesson is based on a young bird of this species, probably taken

on the Falkland Islands. The type locality “Shark Bay, West Australia” is erroneous. Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Paris (2), 1, 1929, p. 64.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 91

Phalacrocorax carunculatus carunculatus (Gmelin)

Pelecanus carunculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576. (Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand and Staten Island, ex Latham.)

Marlborough Sounds District, South Island, New Zealand.

—— Phalacrocorax carunculatus chalconotus (G. R. Gray)

f Graculus chalconotus! G. R. Gray, Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Birds, 1845, p. 20, pl. 21. (Otago, South Island, New Zealand.)

Southern part of South Island (Otago); Stewart Island, New Zealand.

—/— Phalacrocorax carunculatus onslowi Forbes Phalacrocoraz onslowt Forbes, Ibis, 1893, p. 533. (Chatham Islands.) Chatham Islands.

Phalacrocorax carunculatus ranfurlyi Ogilvie-Grant

Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1901, p. 66. (Bounty Islands.)

Bounty Islands.

Phalacrocorax carunculatus colensoi Buller Phalacrocoraz colensoi Buller, Bds. New Zealand, ed. 2, 2, 1888, p. 161. (Auckland Islands.) Auckland Islands.

Phalacrocorax carunculatus campbelli (Filhol) Urile campbelli Filhol, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 2, 1878, p. 132. (Camp- bell Island.) Campbell Island.

Phalacrocorax verrucosus (Cabanis) Halieus (Hypoleucus) verrucosus Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 23, 1875, p. 450. (Kerguelen.) Kerguelen.

—+- Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Lesson) .

Pelecanus Gaimardi “‘Garnot” Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, June, 1828, p. 373. (Callao Bay, Peru.)

Phalacrocoraz cirriger King, Zool. Journ., 4, July 1828, p. 103. (Straits of Magellan.)

Coasts of Peru and Chile south to the Straits of Magellan and east coast of Patagonia.

1 Phalacrocoraz huttont Buller, 1888 and P. stewarti Og.-Grant, 1899 are

synonyms.

92 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Phalacrocorax punctatus punctatus (Sparrman)

Pelicanus (sic) punctatus Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 1, 1786, no. 10 and . pl. (Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)

Sticticarbo punctatus sassi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929, p. 19. (North Island, New Zealand.)

North and South Islands, New Zealand.

Phalacrocorax punctatus oliveri Mathews

Sticticarbo steadi Oliver, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 61, 1930, p. 139. (Otago, South Island, New Zealand.)

Phalacrocorax oliveri Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1930, p. 18. (New name for Sticticarbo steadi Oliver, not Carbo carbo steadi Mathews and Iredale.)

Stewart Island; occasional at Otago, South Island, New Zealand.

Phalacrocorax atriceps atriceps King

Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 102. (Straits of Magellan.)

Coasts of southern South America from Corral, Chile (west) and Rio Santa Cruz (east) to Tierra del Fuego; South Shetlands.

Phalacrocorax atriceps traversi Rothschild Phalacrocorax traversi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1898, p. 21. (Macquarie Island.)

Macquarie Island.

7 Phalacrocorax albiventer albiventer (Lesson)

Carbo albiventer Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 604. (Falkland Islands.)

Coast of Patagonia from Puerto San Julian southward; Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

Phalacrocorax (albiventer) georgianus Loénnberg

Phalacrocorax atriceps georgianus Lénnberg, Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 40, no. 5, 1906, p. 69. (South Georgia.)

South Georgia.

Phalacrocorax albiventer vanhéffeni Reichenow

Phalacrocorax vanhéffeni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 46. (Crozet Island.)

Crozets.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 93

Genus HALIETOR HEeIne Haliétor Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 202. Type, by original desig- nation, Pelecanus pygmeus Pallas.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, p. 1896-1398. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 228. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 21. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 280-281.

—+— Haliétor melanoleucos melanoleucos (Vieillot)

Hydrocorax melancleucos Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 88. (‘‘Australasie,” restricted type locality, New South Wales fide Mathews.)

Southern Australia and Tasmania.

af Haliétor melanoleucos melvillensis (Mathews)

Carbo melanoleucus melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 74. (Melville Island.)

Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, Moluccas, Pelew Islands, Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz group, northern Australia.

~#— Haliétor melanoleucos brevirostris (Gould)

Phalacrocorax brevirostris Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1837, p. 26. (No locality given = New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

—f- Haliétor africanus africanus (Gmelin) Pelecanus africanus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 577. (Africa.)

Phalacrocorax africanus menegauxi Millet-Horsin, Rev. Fran. d’Orn., 7, 1921, p.177. (Togo.)

Coasts and inland waters of Africa from Gambia and Upper Egypt to Cape Province. = ~ Haliétor africanus pictilis (Bangs)

Phalacrocorax africanus pictilis Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 61, no. 14, 1918, p. 500. (Miandrivazo, Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

j ~?~ Haliétor niger (Vieillot) Hydrocorax niger Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 88. (East - Indies = Bengal.)

India, Ceylon, Indo-Burmese countries, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.

94 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Haliétor pygmeus (Pallas)

Pelecanus pygmeus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reich, 2, 1773, p. 712, pl. G. (Caspian Sea.)

Hungary, the Balkan States, Black and Caspian Seas, Transcaspia, Palestine, Persia and Afganistan; Algeria.

Genus NANNOPTERUM SwHarpe

Nannopterum Sharpe, Handlist of Birds, 1, 1899, p. 235. Type, by monotypy, Phalacrocorax harrisit Rothschild. Nannopterum harrisi (Rothschild)

Phalacrocorax harrisi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 52. (Narborough Island, Galapagos Islands.)

Narborough and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos Archipelago.

Famity ANHINGIDAE Genus ANHINGA Brisson

Anhinga Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60; 6, 1760, p. 476. Type, by tau- tonymy and monotypy, Anhinga [anhinga] Brisson = Plotus anhinga Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1399-1401. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 193-198. Stuart Baker, Faun. Brit. Ind. ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 282-283.

Anhinga rufa chantrei (Oustalet)

Plotus Chantrei Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zodl., (6), 18, 1882, art. 7, p. 7, 8. (Lake of Antioch.)

Lake of Antioch and marshes of the lower Tigris and Euphrates.

Anhinga rufa rufa (Daudin)

Plotus rufus Daudin, Buffon Hist. Nat., ed. Didot, Quadr., 14, 1802, p. 319. (Senegal.) Senegal and Suakim, south to the Cape of Good Hope.

Anhinga rufa vulsini Bangs Anhinga vulsini Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., 61, 1918, no. 14, p. 501. (Maevetanana, Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

| Anhinga melanogaster Pennant

Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, Indian Zodl., 1769, p. 13, pl. 12. (Ceylon and Java.)

Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, Borneo, Java, Philippines and Celebes.

ORDER PELECANIFORMES 95

—- Anhinga novaehollandiae (Gould)

Plotus Novae Hollandiae Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1847, p. 34. (Rivers of the whole of the southern coast of Australia.)

Plotus novae-hollandiae derbyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 74. (Derby, Northwest Australia.)

New Guinea, Australia. Accidental in New Zealand.

a f- Anhinga anhinga (Linné)

Plotus anhinga Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 218. (Brazil.)

United States from Texas, southern Illinois and North Carolina south through tropical Mexico and Central America, Cuba, Isle of Pines, tropical South America, to southern Brazil and northern Argentina.

SuBORDER FREGATAE

Famity FREGATIDAE Genus FREGATA LacépEpE

Fregata Lacépéde, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 15. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Pelecanus aquila Linné. (Daudin, Hist. Nat. Buffon, ed. Didot, Quadr., 14, 1802, p. 317.)

Parvifregata Mathews, Bds. Austr., suppl., 1, 1920, p. 64. Type, by original designation, Attagen ariel G. R. Gray.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 32, 1925, p. 274-275. Lowe, Nov. Zo6l., 31, 1924, p. 299-313. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 236-290. Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 117-121. Rothschild, Nov. Zo6l., 22, 1915, p. 145-146.

Fregata aquila Linné

Pelecanus Aquilus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 133. (Ascension Island.)

Ascension Island.

Fregata andrewsi Mathews

Fregata andrewsi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 120. (Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.)

Christmas, Cocos Keeling and Anamba Islands and off the coasts of Sarawak, Celebes and India.

~ Fregata magnificens magnificens Mathews Fregata minor magnificens Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 120. (Barrington, Indefatigable and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos. Type from Barrington Island.) Breeds on the Galapagos Islands and Pearl Islands, ranging over the tropical eastern Pacific.

96 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Fregata magnificens rothschildi Mathews Fregata minor rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 280. (Aruba, Dutch West Indies.)

Southern Florida, West Indies, Caribbean coast of Mexico and Central America, coast and islands of northern South America.

Fregata magnificens lowei Bannerman Fregata magnificens lowet Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 12. (Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands and the Gambian coast.

Fregata minor aldabrensis Mathews

Fregata minor aldabrensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 199. (Aldabra Island.)

Western Indian Ocean, breeding on the Seychelles and on Aldabra.

Fregata minor minor (Gmelin)

Pelecanus minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 572. (No type locality. Fixed as eastern half of the Indian Ocean by Rothschild, antea, p. 145 and further restricted to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, by Lowe, antea, p. 306.)

Fregata minor listeri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p.119. (Christ- mas Island, Indian Ocean.)

Eastern Indian Ocean. Breeds on Christmas Island and Paracels Reef in the China Sea.

Fregata minor peninsulae Mathews

Fregata minor peninsulae Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, 1923, p. 15. (North Queensland.)

Fregata minor mathewsi Lowe, Nov. Zo@l., 31, 1924, p. 309. (Raine Island, North Queensland.)

Caroline (?) and Marshall (?) Islands south to New Guinea and Queens- land.

Fregata minor palmerstoni Gmelin

Pelecanus Palmerstoni ! Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 573. (Pal- merston Island, Pacific Ocean.)

Laysan Island and Hawaiian Islands, south to New Zealand.

Fregata minor ridgwayi Mathews

Fregata minor ridgwayt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 120. (Cul- pepper and Wenman Islands, Galapagos. Type from Culpepper Island.)

Galapagos Islands.

1 Fregata strumosa Hartert is a synonym.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 97

Fregata minor nicolli Mathews

Fregata minor nicolli Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 118. (South Trinidad Island.)

Fregata minor januaria Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22, 1919, p. 186. (Littoral of Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Santos.)

South Trinidad Island, Atlantic Ocean.

Fregata ariel iredalei Mathews

Fregata ariel iredalei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 121. (Al- dabra Island.)

Western Indian Ocean, breeding on Aldabra.

~——- Fregata ariel ariel (G. R. Gray)

Atagen (sic) Ariel G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1845, col. pl. [185]. (Raine Island fixed as type locality by Mathews, 1914, p. 121.)

Fregata ariel tunnyit Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 121. (Bedout Island, Northwest Australia.)

China Coast and Philippines to the Moluccas, Admiralty and Fiji Islands to tropical Australia. Breeds on islands off northern Australia and New Caledonia and in the South Pacific.

Fregata ariel trinitatis Ribeiro

Fregata ariel trinitatis Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22, 1919, p. 192. (South Trinidad Island.)

Fregata ariel wilsoni Lowe, Nov. ZoGl., 31, 1924, p. 311. (South Trini- dad Island.)

South Trinidad Island.

SuBorDER @dontopterpges Famity @dontopterpgidae

OrpDER CICONITFORMES SUBORDER ARDEAE Famity ARDEIDAE SuBFaMILy ARDEINAE

Genus ARDEA Linné

Ardea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 141. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea cinerea Linné (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 60).

Myola Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original designation, Ardea pacifica Latham.

98 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Afrardea Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 203. Type, by original designation, Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1229-1235. Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 48, 1912, p. 531-559.

Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 23-24. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 336-344.

Suparenus ARDEA LinnE

‘~~ Ardea sumatrana sumatrana Raffles

Ardea Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 2, 1822, p. 325. (Sumatra.)

Burma and the Malay Peninsula to Borneo, the Philippines, the Sunda Islands, Moluccas and New Guinea.

Ardea sumatrana mathewsze Mathews

Ardea sumatrana mathewse Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 230. (Cooktown, Queensland.)

Ardea sumatrana gilberti Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 230. (Derby, Northwest Australia.)

Northern Australia.

Ardea imperialis Stuart Baker

Ardea imperialis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1928, p.40. (New name for Ardea insignis Hume (Sikkim Terai, Bhutan Doars, etc.), ex Hodgson, nomen nudum not available.

Sikkim to Arakan.

Ardea goliath Cretzschmar

Ardea goliath Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas, 1826, Vogel, p. 39, pl. 26. (White Nile, Bahhar Abiad.)

Africa from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan to Cape Province; not in- frequent in India. Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier

Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Ois., 1, 1885, p. 546. (Eastern Madagascar.)

East coast of Madagascar; Aldabra Island(?).

Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children

Ardea melanocephala Anon. [= Vigors and Children] in Denham and Clapperton’s Travels, 2, 1826, app. p. xxi, 201. (Lake Chad?)

Africa from Gambia and the Sudan to Cape Province; Madagascar.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 99

i = Ardea cinerea cinerea Linné Ardea cinerea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden. Cf. Hartert, antea, p. 1229.)

Breeds in the greater part of Europe and Asia to western China; scat- tered localities in Africa; the Canary Islands. Winters in the Mediter- ranean countries and in Africa. Casual in northwest India. Accidental in Iceland and Greenland.

a “Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark Ardea cinerea jouyt Clark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p.468. (Seoul, Korea.) Kast Siberia, eastern China, Japan, Formosa and Hainan.!

~—/ Ardea cinerea firasa Hartert Ardea cinerea firasa* Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p.6. (Mada- gascar. Type from the Antinosy Country.) Aldabra, Madagascar and probably the Comoros.

~/ “Ardea herodias fannini Chapman Ardea herodias fannini Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14, 1901, p. 87. (Skidegate, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.) Permanent resident of the Pacific coast region from southern Alaska south to Washington.

~7 Ardea herodias hyperonca Oberholser

Ardea herodias hyperonca Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912, p. 550. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.)

Permanent resident of the Pacific coast region of Oregon and California.

/ Ardea herodias treganzai Court

Ardea herodias treganzai Court, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 291. (Egg Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah.)

Breeds in western United States west of the Cascades and Sierras east to the Great Plains; northwestern Mexico. Winters from Arizona to Texas and south into northwestern Mexico.

“7 Ardea herodias herodias Linné

Ardea Herodias Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)

1 The Gray Herons breeding from Mesopotamia to western China are ‘slightly paler than the European specimens, but are nearer to such examples than to the pale bird of extreme eastern Asia. Gould’sleucophaeais available for this poorly differentiated intermediate form which in my opinion is not worth recognizing by name.

2 For reason for adopting this name over Ardea johannae Gmelin, cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 32, 1925, p. 272.

100 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from Alberta east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Magdalen Islands) southeast through eastern North and South Dakota, central Iowa, northern Illinois, southern Indiana, eastern Kentucky and Tennessee to southeastern South Carolina. Winters from southern United States south to Panama.

Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway

Ardea wardi Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 7, 1882, p. 5. (Oyster [ = Estero] ! Bay, Florida.)

Breeds from eastern Kansas and eastern Texas east to the middle Mississippi Valley in southern Illinois and southwestern Indiana, east to southeastern South Carolina, south to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. Winters in the southern part of its range.

Ardea herodias oligista Oberholser

Ardea herodias oligista Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 48, 1912, p. 553. (San Clemente Island, California.)

Resident on the Santa Barbara Islands, California.

Ardea herodias sanctiluce Thayer and Bangs

Ardea herodias sancti-luce Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 4, 1912, p. 83. (Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California.)

Resident on the coasts and islands of Lower California from lat. 27° southward.

Ardea herodias lessonii Wagler Ardea Lessonii Wagler, Isis, 1831, col. 531. (Mexico, restricted to the Valley of Mexico, Oberholser, antea, p. 556.)

North-central and southern Mexico from Chihuahua to Campeche.

Ardea herodias adoxa Oberholser

Ardea herodias adoxa Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912, p. 544. (Island of Curagao.)

Said to breed on Inagua Island (Bahamas), Cuba, Isle of Pines and Jamaica. Migrant to other West Indian islands.

Ardea herodias cognata Bangs

Ardea herodias cognata Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 3, 1903, p. 100. (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos.)

Permanent resident on the Galapagos Islands.

Ardea occidentalis occidentalis Audubon

Ardea occidentalis Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 8, 1835, pl. 281. (Keys near Key West, Florida.)

Breeds in the coastal swamps of extreme southern Florida and on the Florida Keys.

1 Cf. Holt, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 266-267.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 101

~/~ Ardea occidentalis repens Bangs and Zappey

Ardea repens Bangs and Zappey, Am. Nat., 39, 1905, p. 186. (Cienaga, Isle of Pines.)

Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica. (Some form of Ardea occidentalis occurs in Yucatan). ~/ Ardea cocoi Linné Ardea Cocoi Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 237. (Cayenne.) The greater part of South America, south to Chubut, Argentina. Occa- sional on the Falkland Islands. ~/~ Ardea pacifica Latham

Ardea pacifica Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. 45. (New South Wales.)

Notophoyx pacifica alexandrae Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 231. (Alexandra, Northern Territory.)

Australia and Tasmania.

SuBGENUS PYRRHERODIA FinscH AND HARTLAUB

Pyrrherodia Finsch and Hartlaub, Vég. Ost-Afr., 1870, p. 676. Type, by monotypy, Ardea purpurea Linné. ~/— Ardea purpurea purpurea Linné

Ardea purpurea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 236. (‘In Ori- ente.’’)

Breeds in middle (rarely) and southern Europe east to Persia; Africa. Kuropean birds winter in Africa. —/— Ardea purpurea madagascariensis van Oort

Ardea purpurea madagascariensis van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, 1910, p. 88. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

~~ Ardea purpurea manilensis Meyen

( Ardea purpurea var manilensis Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, suppl., 1834, p. 102. (Philippines.)

Breeding in India, Ceylon, Burma, China south of the Yangtze and Riu Kiu Islands south to the Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands and Celebes. Ardea purpurea ussuriana (Shulpin)

Phoyx purpurea ussuriana Shulpin, Ann. Mus. Zoél. Acad. Sci. URSS., 28, 1928, p. 399. (Mouth of the Lefu River, Chanka Lake, Ussuri- land.)

Breeds in southern Ussuriland; winter range not known.

102 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus NOTOPHOYX SuHarpE

Notophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 18. Type, by original designation, Ardea novehollandie Latham.

Tonophoyx Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original designation, Notophoyx flavirostris Sharpe = Ardea picata Gould.

cf. Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 195. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 196-198.

Notophoyx novehollandie (Latham) Ardea nove Hollandie Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 701. (New South Wales.) Notophoyx novaehollandiae parryi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 231. (Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia.)

Lesser Sunda Islands from Lombok eastward; Celebes, Timor, New Caledonia, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.

Notophoyx picata (Gould) Ardea (Herodias) picata Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1845, p. 62. (Port Essington, Northern Territory.)

Ardea aruensis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1858, p. 188. (Aru Islands.)

Tonophoyx aruensis normani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 126. (Normanton, Queensland.)

Celebes, Timorlaut, southern Moluccas, New Guinea, Aru Islands and Northern Australia.

Genus PILHERODIUS Bonaparte Pilherodius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 139. Type, by mono-

typy, Ardea alba var. 8 Gmelin = Ardea pileata Boddaert. cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 174-175.

~ Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert)

Ardea pileata Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Cayenne, ex Pl. enlum., no. 907.)

Eastern Panama to eastern Peru and Brazil south to Santa Catharina.

Genus BUTORIDES BtiytH

Butorides Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc. 1849, (1852), p. 281. Type, by monotypy, Ardea javanica Horsfield. Toburides Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Butorides rogersi Mathews. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1249-1251. Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 529-577.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 103

~/~ Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns)

Ardea virescens anthonyi Mearns, Auk, 12, 1895, p. 257. (Seven Wells, Salton River, northern Lower California.)

Butorides virescens eremonomus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 546. (San Diego, Chihuahua.)

Arid regions of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In winter south to Lower California and western Mexico.

—/- Butorides virescens frazari (Brewster)

Ardea virescens frazari Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 83. (La Paz, Lower California.)

Southern Lower California.

7 Butorides virescens virescens (Linné)

Ardea virescens Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (America. Restricted to the coast of South Carolina by Oberholser, op. cit., p. 534.)

Butorides saturatus Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 577. (Swan Island, Caribbean Sea.)

Breeds in eastern North America from northeastern South Dakota, central Minnesota, southern Ontario and central Nova Scotia south to eastern Mexico and Florida. Winters in the southeastern United States and through Mexico and Central America to Panama.

~/~ Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster)

Ardea bahamensis Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 83. (Watlings Island, Bahamas.)

Bahama Islands.

~~~ Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert)

Cancroma maculata Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Marti- nique, ex Pl. enlum., no. 912.)

Ardea brunescens (sic) “‘Gundlach” Lembeye, Av. Cuba, 1850, p. 84, pl. 12. (Cuba.)

Butorides virescens cubanus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 557. (Palmarito, Oriente, Cuba.)

Butorides virescens christophorensis Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 561. (St. Kitts, West Indies.)

Butorides virescens dominicanus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 562. (Roseau, Dominica.)

Butorides virescens lucianus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 565. (Castries, St. Lucia.)

104 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Butorides uirescens barbadensis Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 567. (Joe’s River, Barbados.)

Butorides virescens grenadensis Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 568. (Grenada.)

Butorides virescens tobagensis Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 571. (Tobago.)

Butorides virescens hypernotius Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 549. (Rio Indio, Canal Zone.)

Ranges throughout the West Indies and the east coast of Central America from southern Guatemala to the Canal Zone. Butorides virescens mesatus Oberholser

Butorides virescens mesatus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 548. (Managua, Nicaragua.)

Western Nicaragua (probably not different from maculatus).

Butorides virescens margaritophilus Oberholser Butorides virescens margaritophilus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 553. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands.)

Pearl Islands in the Bay of Panama.

Butorides virescens curacensis Oberholser

Butorides virescens curacensis Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 578. (St. Patrick, Curagao.)

Curacao (perhaps Aruba and Bonaire).

\ Butorides sundevalli Reichenow

Ardea (Butorides) Sundevalli Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 25, 1877, p. 253. (Galapagos Islands.)

Galapagos Archipelago. Butorides striatus patens Griscom

Butorides striatus patens Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 69, no. 8, 1929, p. 156. (Near Panama City, Panama.)

Canal Zone.

Butorides striatus striatus (Linné) Ardea striata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 238. (Surinam.) Tropical America from eastern Panama to southern Brazil.

Butorides striatus robinsoni Richmond Butorides robinsoni Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 18, 1896, p. 655. (Margarita Island.) Confined to Margarita Island off coast of Venezuela. Probably not dif- ferent from s. striatus.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 105

- Butorides striatus cyanurus Vieillot

Ardea cyanura Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 421. (Para- guay.) Southern Brazil (?), Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina south to the provinces of Tucumdn and Buenos Aires.

Butorides striatus brevipes (Ehrenberg)

Ardea, Nycticorax, brevipes Ehrenberg, in Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s Symb. Phys. Aves, 1, 1833, fol. m, note 2. (‘‘Ripas Nili et ad maris rubri littoris.’’)

Somaliland and coasts of the Red Sea.

- Butorides striatus atricapillus (Afzelius)

Ardea atricapilla Afzelius, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Nya Handl. Stockholm, 25, 1804 (1805), p. 264. (Sierra Leone.)

Tropical Africa.

- Butorides striatus rutenbergi (Hartlaub)

Ardea rutenbergi Hartlaub, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1880, p. 39. (Mo- hambo, northern Madagascar.)

The Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Rodriguez and Réunion.

Butorides striatus degens Hartert

Butorides striatus degens Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251. (Praslin Island, Seychelles.)

Seychelles.

Butorides striatus crawfordi Nicoll

Butorides crawfordi Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 105. (As- sumption Island.)

Assumption and Aldabra Islands.

Butorides striatus albolimbatus Reichenow Butorides albolimbatus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 140. (Diego Garcia.) Diego Garcia Island, Indian Ocean.

Butorides striatus albidulus Bangs

Butorides albidulus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 93. (Sua- diva Atoll, Maldive Islands.)

Maldive Islands. (Very close to, if not identical with, albolimbatus.)

Butorides striatus spodiogaster Sharpe Butorides spodiogaster Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 17. (Anda- mans and Nicobars.)

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

106 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Butorides striatus amurensis Schrenck

Ardea (Butorides) virescens var amurensis Schrenck, Reise Amur Lande, 1, pt. 2, 1860, p. 441. (Amurland.)

Butorides striatus actophilus Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, 1912, p. 1. (North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands.)

Butorides striatus icasopterus Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, 1912, p.1. (Simalur Island, Barussan Islands.)

Breeds in Ussuriland, lower Amur River, Korea, Japan, northeastern China and Bonin Islands. In winter to Formosa, the Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.

Butorides striatus connectens Stresemann Butorides striatus connectens Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930, p. 48. (Yao-shan, Kwangsi.)

Southern China from the Yangtse River south to northern Siam and French Indo-China. (Poorly characterized form, hardly worth recognition by name.)

Butorides striatus javanicus (Horsfield)

Ardea Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 138, 1821, p. 190. ( [Western] Java.)

Butorides striatus carcinophilus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 294. (Casiguran, Luzon, Philippines.)

Butorides striatus carcinophonus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 294. (Pulo Alanga, eastern Borneo.)

Butorides striatus sipora Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 277. (Sipora, Barussan Islands.)

India and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and southern Indo-Chinese coun- tries, Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.

Butorides striatus moluccarum Hartert

Butorides striatus moluccarum Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251. (Buru.)

Buru, Ceram, and Amboina; Obi (?).

Butorides striatus macrorhynchus (Gould) Ardetta macrorhyncha Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 34, 1848, pl. 66. (East coast of Australia = Gosford, New South Wales, apud Mathews.) Butorides javanica littleri Mathews, Nov. Zo@l., 18, 1912, p. 233. (Cook- town, North Queensland.)

New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Aru and Kei Islands, eastern Australia (Queensland and New South Wales).

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 107

Butorides striatus stagnatilis (Gould) Ardetta stagnatilis Gould, Proc. ZoGl. Soc. London, 1847 (1848), p. 221. (Port Essington, Northern Territory.) Northwest Australia and Northern Territory.

Butorides striatus patruelis (Peale) Ardea patruelis Peale, U. 8. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 216. (Tahiti.) Tahiti and probably other South Sea islands.

Butorides rogersi Mathews Butorides rogerst Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1911, p. 101. (“N. W. Australia,” type from Onslow, midwest Australia.) Midwest Australia? (It is highly probable that this so-called species will eventually prove to be nothing more than a color-phase of B. s. stagna- tilis.) Grenus ERYTHOCNUS SwHarpe Erythocnus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 39. Type, by original designation, Ardea rufiventris Sundevall.

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Atthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 29.

~ Erythocnus rufiventris (Sundevall)

Ardea rufiventris Sundevall, Gifv. K. Vet.-Akad. Stockholm, for 1850, 1851, p. 110. (‘Caffraria.”. Type from Mooi River, near Potchef- stroom, Transvaal.)

South Africa from Natal and eastern Cape Province north to southern

Angola, the Zambesi, and Victoria Nyanza.

Genus FLORIDA Batrrp Florida Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. xxi, xlv, 659, 671. Type, by monotypy, Ardea cerulea Linné.

cf. Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, pt. 3, 1927, p. 293-295.

‘Florida cerulea (Linné)

Ardea cerulea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (North America = Carolina, ex Catesby.)

South Atlantic and Gulf States, tropical Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America to Peru on the west and Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, on the east.

GrEenus ARDEOLA Bore

Ardeola Boie, Isis, 1822, col. 559. Type, by monotypy, Ardea ralloides Scopoli. cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1245-1249.

108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli)

Ardea ralloides Scopoli, Annus 1, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 88. (‘‘In Carnio-

lica”” = Krain.)

Breeds in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, lower Danube and southern Russia to Persia and Transcaspia; Africa from Algeria to Cape Colony; Madagascar. Straggles after breeding north to the British Isles and Germany and to the eastern Atlantic islands. Migratory in Europe.

Ardeola idae (Hartlaub)

Ardea Idae Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 167. (East coast of Madagascar.)

Madagascar, occasionally to East Africa.

Ardeola grayii (Sykes) Ardea Grayti Sykes, Proc. Comm. ZoGél. Soc. London, 1832, p. 158. (Dukhun.)

From the Persian Gulf east to Burma, south to India, Ceylon, the Lacca- dives, Andamans, Nicobars and the Malay Peninsula.

| Ardeola bacchus (Bonaparte)

Buphus bacchus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 127. (Malay Penin- sula.)

China from Kansu and the Tsin-ling Mountains south to the Malay Peninsula, Hainan and Borneo.

Ardeola speciosa (Horsfield)

Ardea speciosa Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 189. (Java.)

Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa.

Genus BUBULCUS Bonaparte Bubulcus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 124. Type, by tautonymy, Ardea ibis Linné = Ardea bubulcus Audouin. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1243-1245.

Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linné) Ardea Ibis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Egypt.)

Iberian Peninsula; western Asia from the Caspian Sea to Persia; south- west Arabia, west, northeast and north tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, Aldabra, Mauritius and Seychelles.

Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Boddaert)

Cancroma Coromanda Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Coro- mandel, ex Daubenton, pl. 910.)

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 109

India, Ceylon and Burma, southern China (western Szechuan to Fokien), Korea, southern Japan, Formosa, Hainan, Philippines, Sunda Islands, Celebes, Ceram and Buru.

Genus MELANOPHOYX SxHarpE

Melanophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 38. Type, by original designation, Ardea calceolata DuBus = Ardea ardesiaca Wagler.

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26.

~~ Melanophoyx ardesiaca (Wagler) Ardea ardesiaca Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, no. 20. (Senegambia.)

Tropical Africa from Senegal and the upper White Nile south to Trans- vaal and Natal.

Melanophoyx vinaceigula Sharpe

Melanophoyx vinaceigula, Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 13. (Potchefstroom, Transvaal.)

Transvaal (known only from type).

Genus DICHROMANASSA Ripeway

Dichromanassa Ridgway, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878, p. 224, 246. Type, by original designation, Ardea rufa Boddaert = Ardea rufescens Gmelin.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 106-109.

~Dichromanassa rufescens rufescens (Gmelin) Ardea rufescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 628. (Louisiana.) Dichromanassa rufescens dickeyi van Rossem, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 246. (San Luis Island, Gulf of California.) Lower California, coasts of Mexico, the Gulf States, Bahama Islands, Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola.

jf é

Dichromanassa rufescens colorata Griscom

Dichromanassa rufescens colorata Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 9. (Culebra Key, Ascension Bay, eastern Quintana Roo.)

Yucatan Peninsula (?) and nearby islands.

Genus CASMERODIUS GtLocEerR

Casmerodius Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 412. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea egretta Gmelin (Salvadori Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 3, 1882, p. 349).

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1236-1239. (Egretta, part.) Oberholser, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 557-558.

110 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Casmerodius albus albus (Linné) Ardea alba Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Europe.) Breeds in southeastern Europe, western and northern Asia to southeast Siberia, northern China and northern Japan. Winters in northern Africa, India, and southern China.

Casmerodius albus modestus (J. E. Gray) Ardea modesta J. E. Gray, Zo6l. Misc., 1831, p. 19. (India.) Egretta alba neglecta Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 230. (Parry’s Creek, northwestern Australia.) India, east to southern and central China, central and southern Japan, south and east to Australia.

Casmerodius albus maorianus (Iredale and Mathews) Herodias alba maoriana Iredale and Mathews, Ibis, 1913, p. 404. (New Zealand.) Breeds in the Okarito district, South Island. Straggler elsewhere in New Zealand.

Casmerodius albus melanorhynchos (Wagler) Ardea Melanorhynchos Wagler, Syst. Av., Addit., 1827. (Senegambia.) Africa from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province; Madagascar.

) Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin) Ardea Egretta Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 629. (Santo Do- mingo, Falkland Islands, South America to Louisiana.) Southern United States, Mexico, the Greater Antilles, Central America and South America to Patagonia (for detailed range cf. Cooke, Bull. 45, U.S. Biol. Surv., 1913, p. 40-44).

Genus EGRETTA T. Forster

Egretta T. Forster, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Bds., 1817, p.59. Type, by mono- typy, Ardea garzetta Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1239-1241 (Egretta, part). Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 194-195. (Egretta,

Hemigarzetta.) Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26.

SuspGEenvus EGRETTA T. ForstER

Egretta garzetta garzetta (Linné) Ardea Garzetta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 237. (‘‘Oriente,” ex Brisson.) Southern Europe, southern and central Asia east to China, Japan and Hainan; Africa and Madagascar.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 111

My

’ Egretta garzetta nigripes (Temminck)

Ardea nigripes Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 4, 1840, p. 376. (“L’Ar- chipel des Indes” = Sunda Islands.)

Sunda Islands, Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea.

Sa Egretta garzetta immaculata (Gould)

Herodias immaculata Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 25, 1846, pl. 58. (“‘North- ern portion of Australia”’ = Port Essington fide Mathews.)

Egretta garzetta kempi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (North- Queensland.)

Australia.

i 7 ~ Egretta dimorpha Hartert

Egretta dimorpha Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 14. (West [= southeast coast of] Madagascar.)

Madagascar and Aldabra.

SuBGENUS HEMIGARZETTA MartHews

Hemigarzetta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 448. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Herodias eulophotes Swinhoe.

at Egretta eulophotes (Swinhoe) Herodias eulophotes Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 64. (Amoy, China.)

Southern and central China, Formosa, Celebes.

Genus DEMIGRETTA BiytTH Demigretta Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 372. Type, by monotypy, Demigretta concolor Blyth = Ardea sacra Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1241-1248. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 198-199. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26-27. Stuart Baker, Faun. Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 351-353.

Demigretta (gularis?) gularis (Bosc)

Ardea gularis Bosc, Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1, 1792, p. 4, pl. 2. (Senegal R.)

West Africa from Senegal to Gaboon.

Demigretta (gularis?) schistacea (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)

Ardea, Lepterodas, schistacea Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. Aves, 1833 [p. 12], pl. 6. (Red Sea.)

Coasts of the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.

112 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Demigretta asha (Sykes)

Ardea Asha Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zodél. Soc. London, 1832, p. 157. (Dukhun.)

West coast of the Indian Ocean from the Persian Gulf to Sind, south to Ceylon and the Laccadives.

i Demigretta sacra (Gmelin) Ardea sacra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 640. (Tahiti.)

Demigretta sacra cooktowni Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 232. (Cooktown, Queensland.)

Demigretta sacra tormenti Mathews, Nov. Zodél., 18, 1912, p. 232. (Northwest Australia; type said to be from Point Torment.)

Demigretta sacra buchanani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 85. (Buchanan Island, Northern Territory.),

Demigretta matook carteri Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920, p. 75. (Cape Leeuwin, southwestern Australia.)

Coasts of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, the Andamans and Nico- bars; South China, southern Korea, Riu Kiu Islands, Philippines, Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Celebes, New Guinea, South Pacific Islands, northern Australia, New Zealand.

Genus MESOPHOYX SuHarpe Mesophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 38. Type, by original designation, Ardea intermedia Wagler. cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1239. (Egretta, part.)

Mesophoyx intermedia brachyrhyncha (Brehm)

Herodias brachyrhynchus Brehm, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 80. (Blue Nile.)

Africa from Kordofan and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province.

Mesophoyx intermedia intermedia (Wagler)

Ardea intermedia Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 659. (Java.)

Peninsular India and Ceylon east to China and Japan, south to the Greater Sunda Islands and the Philippines. Mesophoyx intermedia plumifera (Gould)

Herodias plumiferus Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1847 (1848), p. 221. (New South Wales.)

Mesophoyx intermedia territori, Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 126. (Northern Territory.)

Buru, Ceram, New Guinea, Australia.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 113

Genus LEUCOPHOYX Suarpr Leucophoyzx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 39. Type, by original

designation and monotypy, Ardea candidissima Gmelin = Ardea thula Molina.

cf. Bailey, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 430-440.

~fLeucophoyx thula brewsteri (Thayer and Bangs) Egretta candidissima brewstert Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 4, 1909, p. 40. (San José Island, Lower California.) United States west of the Rockies from Great Salt Lake southward; Lower California.

~~} Leucophoyx thula thula (Molina) Ardea Thula Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 235. (Chile.) Southeastern United States (formerly to southern Illinois and Cape May, New Jersey). Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America to Chile and northern Argentina.

Genus HYDRANASSA Barrp

Hydranassa Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pacific, 9, 1858, p. 660. Type, by original designation, Ardea ludoviciana Wilson = Egretta ruficollis Gosse.

cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zodél., 13, 1906, p. 50.

—\~Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse) Egretta ruficollis Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 338. (Burnt Savanna River, Jamaica.) Hydranassa tricolor occidentalis Huey, Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc., 5, no. 7, 1927, p. 88. (Scammon Lagoon, Lower California.)

Breeds from the Gulf States and North Carolina to the Greater Antilles and Central America; Bahama Islands, central Lower California and the Pacific coast of Mexico to northwestern Ecuador and Venezuela (Aruba

Island).

ae Hydranassa tricolor tricolor (P. L. S. Miller)

Ardea tricolor P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 111. (America = Cayenne, ex Buffon.)

Dutch and French Guiana to northeastern Brazil.

Hydranassa tricolor rufimentum Hellmayr Hydranassa tricolor rufimentum Hellmayr, Nov. Zo6l., 13, 1906, p. 50. (Caroni Swamp, Trinidad.) Island of Trinidad.

114 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus AGAMIA REeEIcHENBACH

Agamia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Agamia picta Reichenbach = Ardea agami Gmelin.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 168-169.

Agamia agami (Gmelin) Ardea Agami Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 629. (Cayenne.)

States of Vera Cruz and Chiapas, Mexico, south to Peru and Brazil. (Matto Grosso.)

Genus SYRIGMA Rineway Syrigma Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878, p. 224, 247. Type, by original designation, Ardea sibilatrix Temminck. cf. Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930, p. 66.

: Syrigma sibilatrix (Temminck)

Ardea sibilatrix Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 46, 1824, pl. 271. (Brazil and Paraguay.)

Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and adjacent parts of Argentina.

Grnus NYCTICORAX T. Forster

Nycticorax T. Forster, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Bds., 1817, p. 59. Type, by tautonymy and monotypy, Nycticorax infaustus Forster = Ardea nycticorax Linné.

cf. Chapman, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 117, 1921, p. 51-54. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251-1254. Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 263-275.

Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (Linné) Ardea Nycticorax Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Southern Kurope.)

Holland and Germany east to Japan, south to Africa, India and the Sunda Islands.

Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli (Gmelin) Ardea Hoactli Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 630. (“In Novae Hispaniae lacubus”’ = Valley of Mexico.)

_ Breeds from northern Oregon, southern Wyoming, southern Manitoba, northern Quebec and Nova Scotia south through Central America, north- ern and eastern South America to eastern Argentina; Hawaiian Islands.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 115

ne ~ Nycticorax nycticorax cyanocephalus (Molina) Ardea cyanocephala Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p.235. (Chile.)

Nycticorax cyanocephalus falklandicus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p.15. (Falkland Islands.)

South America from the highlands of southern Peru south through Chile and western Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. —f- Nycticorax caledonicus manillensis Vigors

Nycticorax Manillensis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1831, p. 98. (Manila, P. I.)

Nycticorax caledonicus major Hachisuka, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 103. (Zamboanga, Mindanao, P. I.)

Philippine Islands and northern Borneo.

Nycticorax caledonicus minahassae Meyer and Wiglesworth

Nycticorax minahassae Meyer and Wiglesworth, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p.115. (Kema, northern Celebes.)

Celebes.1

Ema Sk ycticorax caledonicus pelewensis Mathews

Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 60. (Pelew Islands.)

Pelew Islands.

Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris Vigors

Nycticorax crassirostris Vigors, Voy. ‘Blossom,’ Zo6l., 1839, p. 27. (Bonin Islands.)

Bonin Islands.

7A “Nycticorax caledonicus mandibularis Ogilvie-Grant

Nycticorax mandibularis Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1888, p. 203. (Aola, Guadalcanar Island, Solomon Islands.)

Solomon Islands.

Nycticorax caledonicus caledonicus (Gmelin)

Ardea caledonica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 626. (New Cale- donia.)

New Caledonia.

ie Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Mathews

Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 233. (Parry’s Creek, northwestern Australia.)

Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia.

1 Cf. Riley Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 64, art. 16, 1924, p. 30-31.

116 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Nycticorax caledonicus cancrivorus Neumann

Nycticorax caledonicus cancrivorus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930, p. 18. (Uatom Island.)

Bismarck Archipelago.

Genus CALHERODIUS Bonaparte Calherodius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 189. Type, by mono- typy, Ardea cucullata Lichtenstein = Ardea leuconotus Wagler.

Caloardea Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 11, 1926, p. 219. Type, by original designation, Ardea leuconotus Wagler.

cf. Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 275-276.

[ Calherodius leuconotus (Wagler) Ardea Leuconotus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, no. 33. (Senegambia.) Senegal and Egyptian Sudan south to the Transvaal and Natal.

Genus OROANASSA PETERS Oroanassa Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 276. Type, by original designation, Nycticorax magnificus Ogilvie-Grant. cf. Peters, loc. cit., p. 276-277.

| Oroanassa magnifica (Ogilvie-Grant) Nycticorax magnificus Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1899, p. 586. (Five-finger Mountain, Hainan.) Mountains of the island of Hainan and of central Fukien, China.

Grenus NYCTANASSA Srtrsnecer Nyctanassa Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 295 (note). Type, by original designation, Ardea violacea Linné. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 1381-134.

’ Nyctanassa violacea violacea (Linné) :

Ardea violacea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 143. (North America = Carolina, ex Catesby.)

Breeds from eastern Kansas, southern Illinois and Indiana and South Carolina south through eastern Mexico, eastern Central America and the West Indies. Winters in the southern part of its range.

Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey

Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey, Condor, 29, 1927, p. 167, and fig. (Scammon Lagoon, Lower California.)

Pacific coast of Lower California south to Salvador.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 117

ee Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis (Gmelin) Ardea cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat.,1, pt. 2, 1789, p.626. (Cayenne.) ! South America from Colombia south to Peru and southern Brazil.

3 Nyctanassa violacea pauper (Sclater and Salvin)

Nycticorax pauper Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1870, p. 327. (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)

The Galapagos Islands.

Genus GORSACHIUS Bonaparte Gorsachius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 138. Type, by monotypy, Nycticorax goisagi Temminck. cf. Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 585-592. Kinnear and Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 130. ~/ Gorsachius goisagi (Temminck) Nycticorax goisagi Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 98, 1835, pl. 582. (Japan.) Eastern China, Japan, Riu Kiu Islands, Formosa and the Philippines (Luzon and Mindanao). ay al Gorsachius melanolophus melanolophus (Raffles)

Ardea melanolopha Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1822, p. 326. (Western Sumatra.)

Tropical and subtropical India, Ceylon, southern China, Formosa, Indo- China, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. Gorsachius melanolophus minor Hachisuka

Gorsachius melanolophus minor Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 592. (Katchel Island, Nicobar Islands.)

Nicobar Islands.

Gorsachius melanolophus kutteri (Cabanis) Butio Kuttert Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 29, 1881, p. 425. (Philippines.)

Gorsachius melanolophus blythi Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 591. (Philip- pines.) Philippine Islands.

Gorsachius melanolophus rufolineatus Hachisuka

Gorsachius melanolophus rufolineatus Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 591. (Iwahig, Palawan.)

Palawan.

1 Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, 1918, p. 31.

118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus ZONERODIUS Satvaporti

Zonerodius Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 18, 1882, p. 336. Type, by monotypy, Ardea heliosylus Lesson.

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 203.

Zonerodius heliosylus Lesson

Ardea Heliosyla Lesson, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Zodl., 1, livr. 7, 1828, pl. 44; livr. 16, 1830, p. 722. (New Guinea.)

Salawatti, New Guinea and Aru Islands.

Genus TIGRIORNIS SwHarre

Tigriornis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 14. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Tigrisoma leucolopha Jardine.

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 29.

| Tigriornis leucolopha (Jardine) Tigrisoma leucolopha Jardine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 17, 1846, p. 86. (Either Old Calabar or Bonny Rivers.) West Africa from Sierra Leone south to the lower Congo and east to northeastern Belgian Congo.

Genus TIGRISOMA SwaInson

Tigrisoma Swainson, Zodl. Journ., 3, 1828, p. 362. Type, by original designation, Ardea tigrina Gmelin = Ardea lineata Boddaert. Tigribaphe Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 20,1912, p. 61. Type, by mono- typy, Tigribaphe leucolaema Reichenow ! = Tigrisoma salmoni Sclater and Salvin. cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 208. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zo6l. Ser., 12, no. 18, 1929, p. 488-489. Stolzmann, Ann. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 203-206 (plum- ages of salmonz). Wetmore, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 58-60.

f Tigrisoma lineatum lineatum (Boddaert)

Ardea lineata Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum. no. 860.)

Tigrisoma excellens Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 595. (Segovia River, Honduras.) 2

1 Sclater, Syst. Av. Atthiop. pt. 1, 1924, p. 30, note, states that Tigribaphe leucolaema Reichenow is founded on a Tigrisoma from South America and not on an African bird as claimed by Reichenow in the original description (see posted).

2 Cf. Todd, Ann. Carn. Mus., 14, 1922, p. 137.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 119

Eastern Central America from the Segovia River south to Panama, northwestern South America to Ecuador east to the Guianas and upper Amazonia.

~7—~ Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratum (Vieillot)

Ardea marmorata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 415. (Paraguay.)

Tigriosoma (sic) bahie Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 14. (Ba- hia, Brazil = immature.)

Brazilian Highlands, Paraguay and northern Argentina.

Tigrisoma (lineatum?) fasciatum (Such) Ardea Fasciata Such, Zo6l. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 117. (Brazil.) Range not determined.

Tigrisoma (lineatum?) bolivianum (Lénnberg)

Heterocnus bolivianus Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 462. (Tatarenda, Bolivian Chaco.)

Bolivian Chaco south to Corrientes, Argentina. (Perhaps not different from fasciatum). A ~ Tigrisoma salmoni salmoni Sclater and Salvin

Tigrisoma salmoni Sclater and Salvin, Proc. ZoGél. Soc. London, 1875, p. 38, f. 2. (Cauca River, Colombia.)

Tigribaphe leucolaema Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 61. (Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria. Error = northwestern South America.)

Tropical Colombia and Ecuador.

Tigrisoma salmoni brevirostre Stolzmann

Tigrisoma salmoni brevirostre Stolamann, Ann. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 206. (Valley of Marcapata, southeastern Peru.)

Southeastern Peru. (This proposed subspecies requires confirmation.)

Genus HETEROCNUS SuHarpr

Heterocnus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 14. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Tigrisoma cabanisi Heine.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 198-200.

} ~ Heterocnus cabanisi (Heine) Tigrisoma Cabanist Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 7, 1859, p. 407. (Mexico.)

Mexico from southern Sonora and southern Tamaulipas to eastern Panama.

120 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SuBFaMILy BOTAURINAE Genus ZEBRILUS Bonaparte Zebrilus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 188. Type, by monotypy,

Ardea undulata Gmelin. cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 172-173.

f Zebrilus undulatus (Gmelin) Ardea undulata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 637. (Cayenne.)

The Guianas to Central Brazil. [Ardea pumila Boddaert, 1783, the earliest name for this species, is pre- occupied by Ardea pumila Lepechin, 1770.]

Grnus IXOBRYCHUS BItiBerG

Ixobrychus Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2, 1828, p. 166. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea minuta Linné. (Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 192.)

cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 52. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1256-1261. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 202-203 (Ixobrychus), p. 204 (Nannocnus). Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 30. Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 173-175.

/Ixobrychus minutus minutus (Linné) Ardea minuta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 240. (Switzerland.)

Central and southern Europe to western Siberia and Transcaspia, Asia Minor and Palestine to Kashmir and northwestern India; northern Africa. Winters in Africa to Cape Colony.

' Ixobrychus minutus payesii (Hartlaub)

Ardea Payesii Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 6, 1858, p. 42. (Casamanse River, Senegal.)

Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south to Cape Province; southwestern Arabia.

Ixobrychus minutus podiceps (Bonaparte)

Ardeola (Ardea) podiceps Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 134. (Mad- agascar.) Madagascar.

Ixobrychus minutus dubius Mathews

Ixobrychus minutus dubius Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 234. (Southwest Australia, type from Herdman’s Lake.)

Southwest Australia.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 121

Ixobrychus minutus alisteri Mathews

Ixobrychus minutus alisteri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 188. (New name for Ardea pusilla Vieillot, not Miller. New South Wales.)

Izobrychus minutus queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 89. (Kedron Brook, South Queensland.)

Izobrychus minutus victoria Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1915, p. 24. (Geelong, Victoria.) Eastern Australia from Queensland to Victoria. (Perhaps not different from dubius.)

Ixobrychus minutus novezelandie (Potts)

Ardeola Nove Zelandie Potts, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 3, 1871, p. 99. (Westland, South Island, New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

ate Ixobrychus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin) Ardea Sinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 642. (China.) Northeastern China south to India, Ceylon, Burma and the Malay Peninsula, Moluccas and New Britain. (The validity of the various sub- species is questionable. Cf. Hartert, loc. cit., p. 1260.) ha Ixobrychus sinensis luteolus (Stejneger) Ardetta luteola Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 290, in text. (Wakayama, Kii, Hondo, Japan.) Japan.

| Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus Wetmore

Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, p. 83. (Paete, Laguna, Luzon.)

Philippine Islands.

Ixobrychus sinensis lepidus (Horsfield) Ardea lepida Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, 1821, p. 190. (Java.)

Sumatra? Java.

~~) ~~ Ixobrychus sinensis bryani (Seale) Ardetta bryani Seale, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., 1, no. 3, 1901, p. 27. (Guam.)

Guam.

ak Ixobrychus sinensis moorei Wetmore

Ixobrychus sinensis mooret Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 173. (Uala, Truk group, Middle Carolines.)

Unique.

122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot) . Ardea involucris Vieillot, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., 8, 1823, p. 1127. (Paraguay.) Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, south to northern Patagonia. Isolated in the Santa Marta district of Colombia. Ixobrychus exilis hesperis Dickey and van Rossem

Izobrychus exilis hesperis Dickey and van Rossem, Bull. Sou. Cal. Acad. Sci., 23, 1924, p.11. (Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California.)

Breeds in western North America from southern Oregon to southern California. In winter south to Lower California (and Central America?). Ixobrychus exilis exilis (Gmelin)

Ardea exilis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 645. (Jamaica.)

Breeds in central and eastern North America from southern Saskatche- wan and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies and southern Mexico. Winters from Georgia southward to Brazil.

Ixobrychus exilis pullus van Rossem

Ixobrychus exilis pullus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1930, p. 227. (Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.)

Coastal mangrove swamps of the Arid Tropical Zone of southern Sonora, Mexico, from Kino Bay, south at least to Tobari Bay. Ixobrychus exilis bogotensis Chapman

Ixobrychus exilis bogotensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 171. (Suba Marshes, Bogotd, Colombia.)

Savanna of Bogotdé, Colombia.

Ixobrychus exilis erythromelas (Vieillot)

Ardea erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 422. (Paraguay.)

Trinidad and the Guianas south to Paraguay.

Ixobrychus eurhythmus (Swinhoe) Ardetta eurhythma Swinhoe, Ibis, 1878, p. 74, pl. 2. (Amoy, Shanghai.)

Breeds from southern Transbaikalia to Ussuri and south to middle China and the Japanese Islands to Hondo. Winters from southern China to Cochin China and the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.

Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin) Ardea cinnamomea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 643. (China.)

China from Manchuria to Hainan; Riu Kiu Islands; Formosa; India and Ceylon, Andamans and Nicobars, Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 123

~#— Ixobrychus sturmii (Wagler) 1 Ardea Sturmii Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, Ardea, sp. 37. (Senegambia.) Africa from Senegal and Kordofan south to Cape Province.

GENUS DUPETOR HEINE anp REICHENOW

Dupetor Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., 1890, p. 308. Type, by monotypy, Ardea flavicollis Latham.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 33, 1926, p. 174. Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 108. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 205-206. (Dupetor and Erythrophoyx.) = Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis (Latham) Ardea flavicollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 701. (India.)

Central and southern China south to the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Cochin China, Greater Sunda Islands and Celebes.

Dupetor flavicollis australis (Lesson) Ardea australis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p.572. (“du Voyage de Peron” = Timor.) Timor.

Dupetor flavicollis nesophilus (Sharpe) Ardeirallus nesophilus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 32. (Duke of York Island.) New Britain, Duke of York Island and New Ireland.

Dupetor flavicollis woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant) Ardeiralla woodfordi Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1888, p. 202. (Aloa, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands.

Lae Dupetor flavicollis gouldi (Bonaparte)

Ardetta gouldi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 132. (New South Wales.)

Ardetta melaena Salvadori, Atti R. Acad. Sci. Torino, 13, 1878, p. 1187. (Halmahera.)

Ardeirallus pretermissus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 4. (Ceram and Buru). For many years known as Erythrophoyx praeter- missa (Sharpe).

1 I do not believe that the characters on which Ardeiralla Bonaparte are based are of generic value. If such slight structural variations are stressed to the extent of generic separation, then Nannocnus and Ardeiralla must both be maintained and a genus created, for exilis.

124 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ardeiralla flavicollis olivei Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 234. (Johnston River, North Queensland.)

Ardeiralla flavicollis disneyi Mathews, op. cit. (Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia).

Ardeiralla flavicollis melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 74. (Melville Island.)

Moluccas, New Guinea, Aru and Kei Islands; Australia.

Grnus BOTAURUS STEPHENS

Botaurus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zo6l., 11, pt. 2, 1819, p. 592. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea stellaris Linné. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 66.)

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1261-1264. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 206-207. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 364.

~ Botaurus stellaris stellaris (Linné) Ardea stellaris Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.) Botaurus stellaris orientalis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908, Heft 9-11. (Inkou, Manchuria and Olekminsk, Siberia.) Breeds in the greater part of the temperate Palaearctic region. Winters from the Mediterranean countries to northeastern Belgian Congo, Ethio- pia and Arabia.

Botaurus stellaris capensis (Schlegel) Ardea stellaris capensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 5, 1863, Ardeae, p. 48. (South Africa.) South Africa from Lake Ngami to Natal and Cape Province.

Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler)

Ardea poiciloptila Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, sp. 28, note. (New South Wales.)

Botaurus poiciloptilus westralensis Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 235. (Sharks Bay, West Australia.)

Botaurus poiciloptilus maorianus Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76. (New name for Botaurus melanotus Gray, 1843, not Botaurus melanotos Brehm, 1842. New Zealand.)

Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu)

Ardea lentiginosa Montagu, Suppl. Orn. Dict., 1813, text and plate. (Piddletown, Dorsetshire, England.)

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 125

Breeds from central British Columbia east to southern Ungava, south to southern California, the Ohio Valley and Delaware Bay. Winters from the southern part of its breeding range south to Guatemala, occasionally to Panama and Cuba.

—— Botaurus pinnatus (Wagler) Ardea pinnata Wagler, Isis, 1829, col. 662. (State of Bahia, Brazil.) South America from Colombia to the Guianas and to southeastern Brazil.

Famity COCHLEARIIDAE GEeNus COCHLEARIUS Brisson

Cochlearius Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 506. Type, by

tautonymy, [Cochlearius] cochlearius Brisson = Cancroma cochlearia Linné.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 172-173. Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 10-11. ~ 7 Cochlearius cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway)

Cancroma zeledont Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 93. (Mazatlan, Mexico.)

Mexico, from Sinaloa and Vera Cruz south to northern Costa Rica.

—f<— al Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis Griscom

Cochlearius zeledoni panamensis Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 11. (Corozal, Canal Zone.)

Southern Costa Rica and Panama.

dag Cochlearius cochlearius cochlearius (Linné) Cancroma Cochlearia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 233. (Guiana.)

Northern South America to Peru and southern Brazil; Island of Trini- dad.

SuBorDER BALASNICIPITES

Famity BALZNICIPITIDAE Genus BALZENICEPS Govtp Baleniceps Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 1. Type, by original designation, Baleniceps rex Gould. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 86-89.

~~ Baleniceps rex Gould Baleniceps Rex Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 2, pl. 35. (Upper White Nile.) Bahr-el-Ghazal and White Nile south to the Katanga district and Uganda.

126 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SUBORDER CICONIAE SuPERFAMILY SCOPOIDEA

Famity SCOPIDAE Genus SCOPUS Brisson

Scopus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 503. Type, by mono- typy, Scopus = Scopus umbretta Gmelin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1980, p. 89-93. Scopus umbretta umbretta Gmelin Scopus Umbretta Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 618. (Senegal.) West Africa from Senegal to Nigeria. ’~ Scopus umbretta bannermani C. H. B. Grant

Scopus umbretta bannermani C. H. B. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 27. (Mt. Leganisho, 6600 feet, British East Africa.)

The entire Ethiopian region, including southwestern Arabia and Mada- gascar, except that section occupied by S. u. umbretta.

SuPERFAMILY CICONIOIDEA Famity CICONIIDAE

SUBFAMILY MYCTERIINAE Genus MYCTERIA Linné

Mycteria Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 140. Type, by monotypy, Mycteria americana Linné. cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 711. i Mycteria americana Linné

Mycteria americana Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10.,1, 1758, p.140. (“America calidiore,” = Brazil, from first citation.)

Breeds along the coast from Texas to Florida north to South Carolina; Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, South America to Peru and Argentina (to Cérdoba and Buenos Aires).

Genus IBIS LactphpE

Ibis Lacépéde, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 18. Type, by tautonymy, Ibis candi- dus Daudin = Tantalus ibis Linné.

Dipluravis Strand, Soc. Ent. Stuttgart, 25, no. 4, 1910, p. 14. Substitute name for Diplura Jerdon, not Koch.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 127

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 107-110. Ridgway, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 95. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 331-332; 8, 1930, p. 558.

f Ibis ibis (Linné) Tantalus Ibis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 241. (Egypt.) Africa from Senegambia to the Sudan and south to Cape Province; Madagascar.

i f ~ Ibis leucocephalus (Pennant) Tantalus leucocephalus Pennant, Indian ZoGél., 1769, p. 11, pl. 10. (Cey- lon.) India, Ceylon, Burma, Indo-China and southwestern China.

38 a Ibis cinereus (Raffles) Tantalus cinereus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1822, p. 327. (Sumatra.) Malay Peninsula to Cambodia, Sumatra and Java.!

SuspraMity CICONIINAE Genus ANASTOMUS BonnaTERRE Anastomus Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., 1, 1791, p. xciti. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea oscitans Boddaert (Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 87).

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 102-103. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 333-334; 8,

1930, p. 559.

=m Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert) Ardea oscitans Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 55. (Pondicherry, ex Daubenton, pl. 932.) India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, Siam and Cochin China.

—\~anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus Temminck Anastomus lamelligerus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr., 40, 1823, pl. 236. (Senegal.) East Africa from Senegal and the Sudan to the Zambesi River.

—+~ Anastomus lamelligerus madagascariensis Milne-Edwards Anastomus madagascariensis Milne-Edwards, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 91, 1880, p. 1037. (Madagascar.) Madagascar.

1 Delacour, Ibis, 1929, p. 208-209, reinstates Tantalus lacteus Temminck as a valid species occurring in the same region as cinereus.

128 CHECK-—-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus SPHENORHYNCHUS LicHTENSTEIN

Sphenorhynchus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 76. Type, by monotypy, Ciconia abdimii Lichtenstein.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 99-102.

Sphenorhynchus abdimii (Lichtenstein) Ciconia Abdimii Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 76. (Dongola, Sudan.) Drier parts of Africa from Dongola and Ethiopia to Angola and the Transvaal.

Grenus DISSOURA CaBanis

Dissoura Cabanis, Preuss. Staats-Anz., 1850, Beil., p. 1484. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea episcopus Boddaert. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 294.)

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 97-99. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 324, 325; 8, 1930, p. 557.

\ Dissoura episcopus microscelis (G. R. Gray)

Ciconia microscelis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1848, [p. 561] pl. CLI. (No type locality = Africa, apud Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 348.)

Africa from Senegambia and the Sudan south to Cape Province.

Dissoura episcopus episcopus (Boddaert) Ardea Episcopus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Coromandel Coast, ex Daubenton, pl. 906.)

India, Ceylon, and Burma.

\. Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch

Dissoura neglecta Finsch, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 94. (Celebes, Java, Sumbawa, Lombok, and the Philippines.)

Malay Peninsula, Siam, Indo-China, Sunda Islands, Celebes and the Philippines.

Dissoura episcopus stormi (Blasius)

Melanopelargus episcopus stormi Blasius, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Libeck, (2), Heft 10-11, 1896, p. 120. (Pontianak, West Borneo.)

Dissoura mortonit Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 18, 1902, p. 26. (Lamang, Sandakan o"; Mengalong River, Sarawak 9.) Figured Ibis, 1908, pl. 5.

Borneo.

—. =

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 129

Genus CICONIA Brisson Ciconia Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 361. Type, by tau- tonymy, Ciconia = Ardea Ciconia Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1213-1216. Ciconia ciconia ciconia (Linné)

Ardea Ciconia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Europe, Asia, Africa; restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in the greater part of Europe north to latitude 60°; Morocco, Algeria, Tunis. Winters in Africa south to Cape Province. Ciconia ciconia asiatica Severtzov

Ciconia alba asiatica Severtzov, Bull. Imp. Soc. Friends Nat. Sci. Anthr. and Ethnogr. Moscow, 8, pt. 2, 1873, p. 145. (Turkestan.)

Breeds in Buchara, Turkestan and Yarkand. Winters in India.

Ciconia ciconia boyciana Swinhoe

Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, 1873, p. 513. (Yokohama.)

Breeds from Lower Ussuri and the Amur Rivers to Korea and Japan.

-Ciconia nigra (Linné)

Ardea nigra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 142. (Northern Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, east through Russia and Asia to northern China. Winters in Africa south of Senegambia and the Sudan; India.

Genus EUXENURA Ripeway

Euxenura Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878, p. 249. Type, by monotypy, Ardea maguari Gmelin = Ardea galeata Molina/

cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 61.

| Buxenura galeata (Molina)

Ardea Galeata Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 235. (Chile-) South America from the Guianas to Chile and southern Argentina.

Genus XENORHYNCHUS Bonaparte

Xenorhynchus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 106. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Mycteria australis Shaw. (Salvadori, Orn. Pap., pt. 3, 1882, p. 377.)

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 407-411. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 326-327.

130 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

— +~Xenorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus (Latham) Mycteria asiatica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 670. (India.) India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin China.

~ ~Xenorhynchus asiaticus australis (Shaw)

Mycteria Australis Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 5, 1800, p. 33. (New South Wales.)

Xenorhynchus asiaticus rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 229. (Northwest Australia, type from Fitzroy River.)

New Guinea, islands in Torres Strait, northern and eastern Australia.

Genus EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS Bonaparte Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 106. Type, by monotypy, Mycteria senegalensis Shaw. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 103-105.

a Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis (Shaw)

Mycteria Senegalensis Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 5, 1800, p. 35, pl. 3. (No type locality = Senegal.)

Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south to the Orange River.

Genus JABIRU HELiMayr Jabiru Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 711. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Ciconia mycteria Lichtenstein. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 314-815.

Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein) Ciconia mycteria Lichtenstein, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys. K1., 1816-1817 (1819), p. 163. (Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)

Southern Mexico, Central America and South America to Argentina (northeastern Cérdoba.)

\ \

Grenus LEPTOPTILOS LzEsson

Leptoptilos Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 583. Type, by subse- quent designation, Ardea dubia Gmelin. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.)

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 105-107. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 327-830. / Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin) Ardea dubia Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 624. (India.)

India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Indo-Chinese countries, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 131

~Y Leptoptilos crumeniferus (Lesson)

Ciconia crumenifera Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 585. (Sene- gal.) Senegal and the Sudan south to the Orange River.

Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield)

Ciconia Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, 1821, p. 188. (Java.)

Central and southern India, Ceylon, Burmese Provinces, southern China, Hainan, Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo.

SuPERFAMILY THRESKIORNITHOIDEA Famity THRESKIORNITHIDAE SuBFAMILY THRESKIORNITHINAE Grenus THRESKIORNIS G. R. Gray Threskiornis G. R. Gray, App. to List Gen. Bds., 1842, p. 13. Type, by

original designation, Tantalus ethiopicus Latham.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1225-1228. Mathews, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 95. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 189.

OT A Threskiornis ethiopica ethiopica (Latham) Tantalus ethiopicus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 706. (“‘Aethiopia” = Egypt?) Africa south of the Sahara, southern Arabia to the Persian Gulf. For- merly in Egypt.

Threskiornis ethiopica abbotti (Ridgway)

Ibis abbotti Ridgway, Descr. New Bds. Ids. of Aldabra and Assumption northwest of Madagascar, Aug. 16,1893. (Aldabra Island.) [Advance sheet from Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 16, Oct. 25, 1893, p. 599.]

Island of Aldabra.

Wa Threskiornis zthiopica bernieri (Bonaparte) Ibis berniert Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 151, note. (Madagascar.) Madagascar.

~/Threskiornis melanocephala (Latham) Tantalus melanocephalus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 709. (India.) India, Ceylon and Burma to China and Japan.

132 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

’ Threskiornis molucca molucca (Cuvier)

Ibis molucca Cuvier, Régne Anim., éd. nouv., 1, 1829, p. 520, note. (Moluccas.)

Babber, Ceram, Salawatti, Waigiu, Kei Islands, New Guinea.

~~ Threskiornis molucca strictipennis (Gould)

Ibis strictipennis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, April 1, 1838, app. p. 7. (Australia). Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1837 (= May 1888), p. 106.

Ibis molucca alligator Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 227. (South Alligator River, Northern Territory.)

Australia. Genus CARPHIBIS ReEicHENBACH

Carphibis Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) , p. xiv. Type, by original designation, [bis spinicollis Jameson.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 386-391. at Carphibis spinicollis (Jameson)

Ibis spinicollis Jameson, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., 19, 1835, p. 213. (Murray River, New South Wales.)

Carphibis spinicollis fitzroi (sic) Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 228. (Fitzroy River, northwest Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Genus PSEUDIBIS Hopeson Pseudibis Hodgson, in Gray’s Zodl. Misc., 1844, p. 86. Type, by mono- typy, [bis papillosa Temminck. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 315-318. ! Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck)

Ibis papillosa Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 51, 1824, pl. 304. (India and Ceylon.) 3

Northern India south to Mysore.

/ Pseudibis davisoni (Hume)

Geronticus Davisoni Hume, Str. Feath., 3, 1875, p. 300. (Pakchan Estuary, Tenasserim.)

Eastern Upper Burma to Pegu, Tenasserim, Cochin China and Siam.

Genus THAUMATIBIS E.tior

Thaumatibis Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 483, 489. Type, by original designation, Ibis gigantea Oustalet.

cf. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1921, p. 73-74.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 133

a Thaumatibis gigantea (Oustalet) Ibis gigantea Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (7), 1, 1877, p. 25. (Me- kong River, Cambodia). (Figured Ibis, 1911, pl. 1.) Cochin China, Cambodia, Peninsular Siam.

Grenus GERONTICUS Wac.ter

Geronticus Wagler, Isis, 1835, col. 1232. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Tantalus calvus Boddaert. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.) cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1222-1224. (Comatibis eremita.) Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, pt. 2, 1901, p. 323-324.

eay i

~Geronticus eremita (Linné) Upupa Eremita Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 118. (Switzerland.) Now found only locally in northern Africa and east to Mesopotamia;

coasts of the Red Sea; Ethiopia; Blue Nile. Formerly in southern Europe north to the upper Rhine Valley, Switzerland and Hungary.

7 ib

~?~ Geronticus calvus (Boddaert)

Tantalus Calvus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 867.)

Mountainous districts of southern Africa.

Grnus NIPPONIA RetcHEeNBACcH

Nipponia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by monotypy, Ibis temminckii Reichenbach = [bis nippon Temminck.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1224-1225.

/~ Nipponia nippon (Temminck) Ibis nippon Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 93, 1835, pl. 551. (Japan.) Breeds in Ussuriland, Korea, Japan (south to Hondo), northern China

south to southern Kansu, Tsinling Mountains and Kiauchou. Migratory only in northern part of its range.

Genus LAMPRIBIS E..iot

Lampribis Elliot, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1877, p. 483 (in key), p. 507. Type, by monotypy, Ibis olivacea DuBus.

Oreoibis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912, p. 235. Type, by original designation, Oreovbis akleyorum Chapman.

cf. Bannerman, Nov. Zo6l., 35, 1929, p. 78-81.

Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 117-128. Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 84, 1923, p. 1-7.

134 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lampribis olivacea olivacea (DuBus) Ibis olivacea DuBus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., 4, 1838, p. 105 and pl. (Upper Guinea, accepted as type locality by Chapin, loc. cit.) Lampribis splendida Salvadori, Ibis, 1903, p. 185. (Liberia.) Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Lampribis olivacea cupreipennis (Reichenow)

Theristicus cupreipennis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 134. (Cameroon.)

Southern Cameroon and western Congo.

Lampribis olivacea rothschildi Bannerman

Lampribis rothschildi Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 6. (Infante d’Henrique, Principe Island.)

Princes Island, Gulf of Guinea.

Lampribis olivacea bocagei Chapin

Lampribis bocaget Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 84, 1923, p. 5, f. 2A, 3A. (Rio de Sao Thomé, Sao Thomé Island.)

Island of S40 Thomé, Gulf of Guinea.

Lampribis olivacea akleyorum (Chapman) Oreoibis akleyorum Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912, p. 235, pl. 23, 24. (South slope of Mt. Kenya, 9000 feet.)

Southern slopes of Mt. Kenya, Kenya Colony. (Mt. Elgon and Aber- dare Mountains?)

Lampribis rara Rothschild, Hartert and Kleinschmidt Lampribis rara Rothschild, Hartert and Kleinschmidt, Nov. Zodl., 4, 1897, p. 377. (Denkera, Gold Coast, ex. Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1877, pl. 51.) Liberia to Angola and east across the Belgian Congo to Avakubi and Bomakandi.

Genus HAGEDASHIA Bonaparte Hagedashia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 152. Type, by ‘‘virtual tautonymy,” Tantalus hagedash Latham.

cf. Neumann, Ornis, 18, 1909, p. 190-196. Sclater, Syst. Av. Atthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 36. App. 1930, p. 836.

Hagedashia hagedash brevirostris (Reichenow)

Theristicus brevirostris Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 147. (Alén, southern Cameroon.)

Hagedashia hagedash guineensis Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 194. (Ogruga, Ammambara Creek, Nigeria.)

West Africa from Gambia to the Congo; Fernando Po.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 135

"J Hagedashia hagedash nilotica Neumann

Hagedashia hagedash nilotica Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 193. (Kimo, northwest of Adis Ababa, Ethiopia.)

The White Nile to central Ethiopia and Shoa, south to Uganda.

~*~ Hagedashia hagedash erlangeri Neumann

Hagedashia hagedash erlangeri Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 193. (Dogge, southern Somaliland.)

East Africa from southern Somaliland south to Nyasaland and the Zambesi.

Taig Hagedashia hagedash hagedash (Latham) Tantalus Hagedash Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 709. (Cape of Good Hope.) Africa south of the Zambesi.

Genus BOSTRYCHIA RetcHENBAcH Bostrychia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by monotypy, [bis carunculata Riippell.

cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, pt. 2, 1901, p. 325. (Theristicus caruncula- tus.)

- © Bostrychia carunculata (Riippell)

Ibis carunculata Riippell, Neue Wirb., V6g., 1837, p. 49, pl. 19. (Taranta Mountains, Ethiopia.) Ethiopian Highlands from Senafé to Shoa.

Genus HARPIPRION Wacter!

Harpiprion Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1232. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, [bis plumbeus Temminck = Ibis caerulescens Vieillot. (Gray, yi List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.)

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 24. (Molybdophanes.)

Ta Harpiprion cerulescens (Vieillot) Ibis cerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 16, 1817, p.18. (Para- guay.) Central Brazil south to Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.

Genus THERISTICUS Wacter

Theristicus Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1231. Type, by monotypy, Tantalus melanopis Gmelin. cf. Salvadori, Ibis, 1900, p. 501-517. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 64-65.

1 Replaces Molybdophanes Reichenbach.

136 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Theristicus caudatus (Boddaert)

Scolopax caudatus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 57. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 976.)

Theristicus columbianus Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., 21, 1899, p. 23. (‘“‘Colombia.”’)

Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.

Theristicus branickii Berlepsch and Stolamann

Theristicus branickii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 404. (Lake Junin, Peru.)

High Temperate Regions of Ecuador, Peru and northern Bolivia.

Theristicus melanopis (Gmelin)

Tantalus melanopis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 653. (“In insula Novi Anni.’’)

Chile and southern Argentina from the Rio Negro to Tierra del Fuego.

Genus CERCIBIS WacLerR

Cercibis Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1232. Type, by monotypy, [bis oxycercus Spix. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 28-29.

~~ Cercibis oxycerca (Spix) Ibis oxycercus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 69, pl. 87. (“Province of Parda.’’)

Orinoco region east to Surinam, south to southeastern Colombia and the Rio Negro region of Brazil.

Genus MESEMBRINIBIS Perrerrs?! Mesembrinibis Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1930, p. 256. Type, by original designation, Tantalus cayennensis Gmelin. cf. Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, 1915, p. 532-533.

Mesembrinibis cayennensis (Gmelin) Tantalus cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 652. (Cay- enne.)

Panama and the greater part of tropical South America to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

1 Replaces Harpiprion Wagler.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 137

Genus PHIMOSUS Wac ter Phimosus Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1233. Type, by monotypy, Ibis nudi- frons Spix.

cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 710. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zodl. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 485.

~*~ Phimosus infuscatus berlepschi Hellmayr

Phimosus berlepschi Hellmayr, Verh. Zodél.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 247. (Orinoco River region.)

Northern South America from the mouth of the Magdalena River to Surinam.

Phimosus infuscatus nudifrons (Spix)

Ibis nudifrons Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 69, pl. 86. (“Ad litora lacum S. Francisci.’’)

Brazil south of the Amazon from Matto Grosso east to Piauhy and south to Sao Paulo.

: 7 Phimosus infuscatus infuscatus (Lichtenstein)

Ibis infuscata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 75. (‘‘Brazil” = Paraguay, ex Azara.)

Phimosus azarae Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 9, 1902, p. 123. (Paraguay.)

Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay.

Grnus GUARA REICHENBACH Guara Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by original designation, Scolopax rubra Linné. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 39-42.

~~} Guara alba (Linné) Scolopax alba Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Carolina.)

Guara alba longirostris Bailey, Bull. Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist., no. 4, 1930, [p. 1] (no type specimen or type locality designated).

Breeds from Lower California, Central Mexico, the Gulf coast, Florida and South Carolina to the West Indies and northern South America. Winters from Central Mexico, the Gulf coast and Florida southward.

Fé ~ Guara rubra (Linné) Scolopaz rubra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Bahamas.) Tropical South America; casual in the West Indies and Central America.

138 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus PLEGADIS Kavp

Plegadis Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch., 1829, p. 82. Type, by mono- typy, Tantalus falcinellus Linné. cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1220-1222. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 29-38.

4 ‘ Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus (Linné) Tantalus Falcinellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 241. (Austria, Italy.)

Breeds from southern France, Serbia, Rumania and southern Russia to the Mediterranean region, eastward through Persia, Turkestan, Afghani- stan and tropical Asia. Also Africa and Madagascar. In North America locally in Mexico and along the Gulf coast, Florida, Cuba and Hispaniola. Casual north of its breeding range in northern Europe and northeastern North America.

Plegadis falcinellus peregrinus (Bonaparte) Ibis peregrina Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 159. (Java and Celebes.) Plegadis falcinellus rogerst Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Parry’s Creek, northwest Australia.) Philippines, Celebes, East Indies from Java to Australia.

Plegadis (falcinellus?) guarauna (Linné)

Scolopax Guarauna Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 242. (Brazil.)

Breeds in North America from Oregon and Utah to southern Mexico and in South America from Peru and Brazil to Argentina (Mendoza and Buenos Aires Provinces). North American birds winter in southern part of breeding range; South American north of Santiago, Chile and Cape San Antonio, Argentina. Plegadis ridgwayi (Allen)

Falcinellus Ridgwayi Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 3, 1876, p. 3595.

(Lake Titicaca.) Highlands of Peru and Bolivia.

Genus LOPHOTIBIS RetcHEenBAcH Lophotibis, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by original designation, Tantalus cristatus Boddaert. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 27-28.

7 } Lophotibis cristata cristata (Boddaert)

Tantalus cristatus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 51. (Madagascar, ex Daubenton, pl. 841.)

Eastern Madagascar.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 139

Lophotibis cristata urschi Lavauden

Lophotibis cristata urschi Lavauden, Alauda (1), 1, 1929, p. 233. (Anka- rafantsika and 100 km. southeast of Majunga, western Madagascar.)

Western Madagascar.

Supramity PLATALEINAE Genus PLATALEA LINNE

Platalea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. Type, by subsequent designation, Platalea leucorodia Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.)

cf. Hartert, Vg. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1217-1220. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 398-402. Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 330-332.

A Platalea leucorodia leucorodia Linné Platalea Leucorodia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. (Europe.)

Breeds locally in Holland, southern Spain, Balkan countries, Rumania and southern Russia to Transcaucasia and Asia Minor. Winters in Africa.

yi Platalea leucorodia major Temminck and Schlegel

Platalea major Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Faun., Jap., Aves, 1849, p. 119, pl. 75. (Japan.)

Central Asia from China, southern Transbaikalia, Ussuriland and Japan south to Syria, Egypt, India and Formosa. Migratory in northern part of its range.

Platalea leucorodia archeri Neumann

Platalea leucorodia archeri Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 76, 1928, p. 783. (Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)

Coasts of the Red Sea and Somaliland; White Nile.

/ Platalea minor Temminck and Schlegel

Platalea minor Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Faun. Jap., Aves, 1849, p. 120, pl. 76. (Japan.)

Korea, southern Japan to southern China, Hainan, Formosa and oc- casionally to the Philippines.

t§ Platalea alba Scopoli

Platalea alba Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 92. (Luzon, ex Sonnerat. Error = Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa from Gambia and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province; Madagascar.

140 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

/ -Platalea regia Gould

Platalea regia Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, App. p. 7. (East coast of New South Wales.)

Platalea regia stalkeri Mathews, Nov. Zo@l., 18, 1912, p. 229. (Alexan- dra, Northern Territory.)

Australia; occasional in New Guinea,! Celebes, Timor, the Moluccas and New Zealand.

Genus PLATIBIS Bonaparte Platibis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 40, 1855, p. 724.

Type, by monotypy, Platalea flavipes Gould. cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 403-406.

Platibis flavipes (Gould) Platalea flavipes Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, App. p.7. (New South Wales.)

Platalea flavipes whitet Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 229. (Alexan- dra, Northern Territory.)

_ Australia. Genus AJAIA REIcHENBACH Ajaia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type, by orig-

inal designation Ajaia rosea Reichenbach = Platalea ajaja Linné. cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 52-55.

Ajaia ajaja (Linné) Platalea Ajaja Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 140. (‘‘in America australi” = Jamaica from first citation.)

Breeds in the southern United States (Gulf States and Florida), Baha- mas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica(?), Central Mexico south to Argentina (Cérdoba and Buenos Aires) and Chile.

SuBORDER PHOENICOPTERI

Famity PHOENICOPTERIDAE Genus PHOENICOPTERUS Linnét Phoenicopterus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 1389. Type, by

monotypy, Phoenicopterus ruber Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1266-1268. Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 9-10.

1 Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 191, sets up Platalea inter- media Ogilvie-Grant (Ibis, 1889, p. 52, pl. 1, Port Moresby), for the birds from New Guinea, but gives no reasons for so doing.

ORDER CICONIIFORMES 141

2

‘ Phoenicopterus antiquorum Temminck

Phenicopterus antiquorum Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1820, p. 587. (Europe and Africa.)

Breeds locally in the Caspian Sea region, the Kirghiz Steppes, Trans- caspia, Transcaucasia, West Siberia (Turgai), about the Persian Gulf, Ceylon(?), northwestern India, Cape Verde Islands and South Africa. Formerly in southern Spain, southern France, Tunis and Lower Egypt.

i 7 ~ Phoenicopterus ruber Linné

Phoenicopterus ruber Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. (“‘ Africa, America, rarius in Europa.” Restricted type locality, West Indies.)

Atlantic coast of subtropical and tropical America, breeding locally in the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Yucatan and Guiana; formerly on the Florida Keys; Galapagos Islands.

a Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina

Phenicopterus Chilensis Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 242. (Chile.)

Temperate South America from Peru on the west and Uruguay on the east to Tierra del Fuego.

Genus PHOENICONAIAS G. R. Gray Phoeniconaias G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1869, p. 440, 442. Type, by monotypy, Phoenicopterus minor Geoffroy.

cf. Reichenow, Voég. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 350. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 375-376.

/ - Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy)

Phenicopterus minor Geoffroy, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom., 1, pt. 2, 1798, p. 98 and pl. (No type locality given = Senegal.)

Southern and eastern Africa, (possibly Senegal) ; Madagascar and north- western India.

Genus PHCONICOPARRUS Bonaparte Phenicoparrus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856, p. 992. Type, by original designation, Phoenicopterus andinus Philippi. ef. Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 21-22.

~? Pheenicoparrus andinus (R. A. Philippi)

Phoenicopterus andinus R. A. Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 1854, p. 337. (Desert of Atacama, northern Chile.)

Chilean Andes and Andes of northwestern Argentina (Catamarca).

142 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pheenicoparrus jamesi (Sclater)

Phenicopterus jamest Sclater, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1886, p. 399, pl. 36, p. 400, f. 3. (Andes of Province of Tarapaca, Chile.)

Andes of southern Peru, northern Chile and extreme northwestern Argentina.

OrpDER ANSERIFORMES SuBORDER ANHIMAE

Famity ANHIMIDAE

Genus ANHIMA Brisson Anhima Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 518. Type, by tau- tonymy, Anhima [anhima] = Palamedea cornuta Linné. cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zo6l. ser., 12, 1929, p. 498.

Anhima cornuta (Linné) Palamedea cornuta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 232. (Brazil.) The greater part of northern tropical South America.

Genus CHAUNA ILLIGER

Chauna Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 253. Type, by monotypy, Parra chavaria Linné.

cf. Wetmore, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 67-69.

Chauna torquata (Oken)

Chaja torquata Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 3, pt. 2, 1816, p. 639. (‘In Para- guay, um Plata.”’)

Chauna salvadorii Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 53, new name for Palamedea cristata Swainson, not Linné.

Paraguay, southern Brazil, northern and eastern Argentina and Uru- guay.

Chauna chavaria (Linné) Parra Chavaria Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 260. (Carthagena.) Northern Colombia and northern Venezuela.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 143

SuBoRDER ANSERES Famity ANATIDAE SuBraMity CYGNINAE Grenus CYGNUS BecustTe1n

Cygnus Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., pt. 2, 1803, p. 404, note. Type, by monotypy, Anas olor Gmelin.

Clangocycnus Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 3. Type, by monotypy, Cygnus buccinator Richardson.

Euolor, Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 117. Type, by original designation, Anas olor Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, 1270-1276.

Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 1-9. Schigler, Danmarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 383-410.

~~Cygnus cygnus cygnus (Linné)

Anas Cygnus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. (Restricted type

locality, Sweden.)

Breeds from northern Scandinavia eastward through Finland and northern Russia and in northern Asia from Kolymsk and Anadyr to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands south to Ussuri; south in winter to the British Isles, central Asia, China and Japan, sometimes to the Mediterranean.

Cygnus cygnus islandicus C. L. Brehm

Cygnus Islandicus C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. V6g. Deutschl., 1831, p- 832. (Iceland.)

Southern Greenland (formerly) and Iceland.

—.— Cygnus bewickii bewickii Yarrell Cygnus Bewickit Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1830, p. 453. (England.)

Breeds in northern Russia from the Kanin peninsula and northern Siberia east to the Lena Delta; south in winter to the British Isles, north- ern Europe, Caspian Sea and central Asia.

Cygnus bewickii jankowskii Alphéraky Cygnus bewicki jankowskii Alphéraky, Priroda i Okhota, Sept., 1904, p. 10. (Ussuriland.) In Russian: cf. Buturlin, Ibis, 1907, p. 651.

Breeds from delta of the Lena to the delta of the Kolyma; south to China and Japan in winter.

144 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cygnus columbianus (Ord) Anas Columbianus Ord, in Guthrie, Geog., 2nd Am. ed., 2, 1815, p. 319. (The Dalles, Oregon, ex Lewis and Clark Exp., 2, p. 192.)

Breeds in North America chiefly north of the Arctic Circle from Alaska to Hudson Bay, north to about lat. 79°; St. Lawrence Island. Winters principally along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts from southern Alaska to California and from Chesapeake Bay to Currituck Sound.

Cygnus buccinator Richardson Cygnus buccinator Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 464. (Hudson Bay.)

Now breeds from British Columbia to the west shore of Hudson Bay and locally to Wyoming; in winter south to southern California and Texas and casually further east.

“

Cygnus olor (Gmelin)

Anas Olor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 502. (Restricted type locality, Russia; cf. Oberholser, antea, p. 9.)

Now breeds in southern Scandinavia, Denmark, east Russia, central and southern Russia, lower Danube valley, Asia Minor and Persia east through Turkestan to Mongolia; in winter to northern Africa, Black Sea, northwestern India and Korea.

Cygnus melancoriphus (Molina) Anas Melancoripha Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 234. (Chile.) Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands. GENus CHENOPIS WaaG.ier Chenopis Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1234. Type, by monotypy, Ch. atrata

= Anas atrata Latham.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 10-22. Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 9-11.

Chenopis atrata (Latham)

Anas atrata Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 834. (Lakes of Australia.)

Chenopis atrata robertti Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 446. (West Australia.) Australia (except north central) and Tasmania.

Supramity PLECTROPTERINAE Genus ANSERANAS LEsson

Anseranas Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 418. Type, by monotypy, Anas melanoleuca Latham = Anas semipalmata Latham.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 23-33.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 145

~—— Anseranas semipalmata (Latham) Anas semipalmata Latham, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 4, 1798, p. 103. (Hawkesbury River, New South Wales.) Anseranas semipalmata hamiltont Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 85. (Northwest Australia. Type from Parry’s Creek.) Southern New Guinea and Australia.

Genus PLECTROPTERUS StTEepHens

Plectropterus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zo6l., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 6. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas gambensis Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 10.)

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 49-56. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 45.

~..- Plectropterus gambensis gambensis (Linné) Anas gambensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 195. (Gambia.) Africa from Gambia, Kordofan and the White Nile south to the Zambesi.

Plectropterus gambensis niger P. L. Sclater Plectropterus niger P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1877, p. 47. (Type a cage bird said to have come from Zanzibar.)

Africa south of the Zambesi.

SUBFAMILY CEREOPSINAE Genus CEREOPSIS Latuam

Cereopsis Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lxvii. Type, by monotypy, Cereopsis n. hollandie Latham.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 44-52.

-——— Cereopsis n. hollandie Latham

Cereopsis N. Hollandie Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixvii. (New South Wales = Islands of Bass Straits, apud Mathews.)

Cereopsis novaehollandiae georgi Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 446. (Twin-Peak Island, southwest Australia.)

Islands off south and southwest Australia and in Bass Straits.

SuBramMiIty ANSERINAE Genus CHEN Bois

Chen, Boie, Isis von Oken, 10, 1822, col. 563. Type, by monotypy, Anser hyperboreus Pallas. cf. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 164-188. Kennard, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 9, 1927, p. 85-93.

146 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

--Chen cerulescens (Linné)

Anas cerulescens Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Hudson Bay.) Breeds on southwestern part of Baffin Island. Winters chiefly on coast of Louisiana. Casual elsewhere.

-Chen hyperborea (Pallas)

Anser hyperboreus Pallas, Spic. Zo6L., fase. 6, 1769, p. 31. (Northeastern Siberia.)

Breeds in North America east to Melville Peninsula and Southampton Island (east shore of Hudson Bay?), also on the Arctic Islands just north. Almost certainly breeds in northeastern Siberia and perhaps further west. In winter south on the coast of Asia to Japan and most of temperate North America but uncommon east of the Mississippi. Occasional in Europe.

Chen atlantica Kennard

Chen atlantica Kennard, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 9, 1927, p. 93. (Prin- cess Anne Club, Back Bay, Princess Anne County, Virginia.)

Breeds on coasts of northern Greenland and eastern Ellesmere Land, Devon Island(?), Bylot Island(?). In winter on the Atlantic seaboard from Chesapeake Bay to North Carolina.

Chen rossii (Cassin)

Anser Rossii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 73. (Great Slave Lake.)

Breeding range unknown, possibly on Arctic coast or islands of North America east of Kent Peninsula. Winters in the interior valleys of Cali- fornia.

Genus ANSER Brisson

Anser Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 58. Type, by tautonymy, Anser domesti- cus = Anas anser Linné.

Melanonyx Buturlin: Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota, 1901, p. 22.

cf. Alphéraky, Geese Europe and Asia, 1905, p. 24-132. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 188-204. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1278-1288.

Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 313-319.

Anser anser (Linné)

Anas Anser Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland; Europe north of a line from Friesland to the lower Danube, Macedonia, southern Russia, northern and central Asia to Ussuriland and Kamchatka. In winter south to the Mediterranean, north- western Africa, northwestern India and China.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 147

—— Anser albifrons albifrons (Scopoli)

Branta albifrons Scopoli, Annus I, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 69. (Northern Italy?.)

Breeds in Iceland, Finmark, Novaya Zemlya, Kanin Peninsula, Kol- guev Island, Arctic coast of Siberia to Bering Straits, New Siberian Islands and Arctic America from Yukon delta to Anderson River; western Green- land between 66° and 72° N. In winter to both shores of the Mediter- ranean, Black and Caspian Seas, northern India, China and Japan; west- ern North America south to Jalisco and the Gulf coast.

~—— Anser albifrons gambeili Hartlaub

Anser Gambelli Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. Zodl., 1852, p. 7. (Texas and southern United States.)

Breeding range unknown, probably somewhere east of the Mackenzie Delta. Winters in the Sacramento Valley, California.!

~—. Anser erythropus (Linné) Anas erythropus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Restricted type locality, North Sweden. Loénnberg, Ibis, 1913, p. 401-402.) Anser rhodorhynchus Buturlin, Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota, 1901, p. 19. (Northern Asia.) Breeds on the alpine mountains from Russian Lapland to the Kolyma and perhaps to the Chuckchi Peninsula. Winters south to southern Eu- rope, Egypt, Turkestan, northwest India, China and Japan.

- Anser fabalis fabalis (Latham) Anas Fabalis Latham, Gen. Syn. Suppl., 1, 1787, p. 297. (Great Britain.) Anser (Melanonyz) carneirostris Buturlin, Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota, 1901, p. 28, 44. (Novaya Zemlya.) Anser oatesi Rickett, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1901, p. 46. (Foochow, Fokien, China — based on fragments of a single example.)

Breeds from the Kanin Peninsula(?), and mouth of the Pechora, Kolguev Island, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigatch and Yalmal Peninsula to the lower Yenessel between lat. 69°-71° N. In winter south to the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, Turkestan. Casual as far as China.

~~ — Anser fabalis sibiricus * (Alphéraky)

Melanonyx arvensis sibiricus Alphéraky, Geese Europe and Asia, 1905, p. 104, pl. 10, 28. (Kast Siberia.) Breeds along the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to the Chuckchi Peninsula. In winter to China and Japan. 1 Swarth and Bryant, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zo6l., 17, 1917, p. 209-222. Kuroda,

Condor, 31, 1929, p. 173-180. 2 = Anser middendorffi (part) of Sharpe.

148 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anser fabalis serrirostris Swinhoe

Anser segetum var. serrirostris Swinhoe, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1871, p. 417. (Near Amoy, China.)

?Melanonyx segetum anadyrensis Buturlin, Nascha Ochota, Heft 11, 1908, p. 21-28. (Anadyr.)

?Anser fabalis curtus Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1923, p. 277. (Shansi, China.)

Nests at the mouth of the Yenessei and in the northern part of Gouvern- ment of Yakutsk (lower Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Rivers) to the Chuckchi Peninsula. In winter to China and Japan.

Anser neglectus Sushkin

Anser neglectus Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1896, p. 6. (No type locality = Gouvernment of Ufa, east Russia, ex Ibis, 1897, p. 5-8.)

Believed to breed on Novaya Zemlya and Kolguev Island. Apparently migrates through the Gouvernment of Ufa and winters in Hungary.

Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon

Anser Brachyrhynchus Baillon, Mém. Soc. R. Abbeville, 1833, p. 74. (Abbeville on the lower Somme, France.)

Breeds in Iceland, Spitzbergen and possibly Franz Josef Land and the Kola Peninsula. Winters in northwestern Europe.

Genus EULABEIA ReEIcHENBACH Eulabeia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. ix. Type, by orig- inal designation, Anas indica Latham.

cf. Hartert, Vg. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1288-1289. (Sub nom. Anser indicus.)

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1929, p. 405-407.

Eulabeia indica (Latham)

Anas indica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 839. (India in winter, and Tibet.) Breeds on the lakes of high central Asia from the Tian-Shans (and Ala- tau) to Ladakh and Kokonor. Winters from Sind to Assam and northern Burma.

Grenus CYGNOPSIS J. F. Branpt

Cygnopsis J. F. Brandt, Descr. et Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov. Aves, fase. 1, 1836, p. 5. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas cygnoid [es] Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 73.)

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1276-1277.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 149

~~~ Cygnopsis cygnoid (Linné) Anas Cygnoid Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. (Asia.) Siberia from the Tobol and the Ob to Kamchatka, the Commander and Kurile Islands south to the Altai, Lake Baikal and Ussuri. Winters in China. Genus PHILACTE BannisTER

Philacte Bannister, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 131. Type, by monotypy, Anas canagica Sewastianov. cf. Bent, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 180, 1925, p. 263-269. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1289-1290. (Sub nom. Anser canagicus.)

——— Philacte canagica (Sewastianov) Anas Canagica Sewastianov, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. St. Pétersb., 13, 1802, p. 349, pl. 10. (Kanaga Island, Aleutian Islands.)

Breeds on the northeast coast of Siberia, northwest coast of Alaska and on St. Lawrence Island. Winters chiefly in the Aleutian Islands.

GreNnus BRANTA Scopo.uti

Branta Scopoli, Annus IJ, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 67. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas bernicla Linné. (Bannister, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 131.)

cf. Bent, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 204-268. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1292-1299. Schigler, Danmarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 497-523.

~~——-Branta bernicla bernicla (Linné) Anas Bernicla Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Northern Europe = Sweden.) Breeds in northern Europe and Asia from Novaya Zemlya to the Taimyr Peninsula; Franz Joseph Land; Kolguev Island. Winters on the coasts of northwestern Europe.

Branta bernicla hrota (O. F. Miiller) Anas Hrota O. F. Miller, Zoél. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 14. (Iceland.) Breeds in Arctic America from long. 100° W. (110° W.?) south to lat. 74° N., on both western and eastern coasts of Greenland south to 70° N.., and on Spitzbergen. Winters chiefly on the Atlantic coast of the United States from New Jersey to North Carolina, also on the coasts of north- western Europe.

______Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence)

Anser nigricans Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 4, 1846, p. 171, pl. 12. (Egg Harbor, New Jersey.)

150 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds on the Arctic coasts of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula and New Siberian Islands eastward; Arctic America on the mainland east to Coronation Gulf and on the islands east to long. 110° W. (100° W.?). In winter on western shores of the Pacific south to Japan and northern China and on the east from Vancouver Island to Lower California.

Branta leucopsis (Bechstein) Anas leucopsis Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., Th. 2, 1808, p. 424. (Ger- many.)

Breeds in northeastern Greenland and in Spitzbergen. In winter to the British Isles and the coasts of the North and Baltic Seas.

Branta canadensis canadensis (Linné) Anas canadensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Canada.) Breeds in North America south of the Barren Grounds. Upper Yukon, Mackenzie (Fort Anderson), Labrador (Okak) south to northeastern Cali-

fornia, northern Utah, northern Colorado, South Dakota, James Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland. Winters chiefly in the United States.

Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Richardson)

Anser Hutchinsti Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.- Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 470. (Melville Peninsula.)

Breeds in northeastern Siberia and on the Commander and Kurile Islands; Barren Grounds of North America from northern Alaska east to southern Baffin Land, Southampton Island and west shore of Hudson Bay (Churchill), north to Victoria Land and Boothia Peninsula. Winters south to Japan and in the western United States.

-Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird) Bernicla occidentalis Baird, Report Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. 766. (Port Townsend, Washington.)

Resident from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Branta canadensis minima Ridgway Branta minima Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 22. (Pacific coast of North America = St. Michaels, Alaska.) Breeds on the Bering Sea coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.

Winters west of the Rocky Mountains from southern British Columbia to San Diego County, California.

Branta ruficollis (Pallas) Anser rujficollis Pallas, Spic. Zoél., fasc. 6, 1769, p. 21, pl. 4. (Lower Ob, southern Russia.)

Breeds on the Siberian Tundra from the Ob to the Khatanga. Winters in the southern part of the Caspian Sea and in the Aral Sea.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 151

GEeNus NESOCHEN Satvapor!i

Nesochen, Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 81 (in key) p. 126. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anser sandvicensis Vigors.

cf. Wilson and Evans, Aves Hawaiienses, pt. 4, 1893 [= p. 187-189 and pl.J. ———Nesochen sandvicensis (Vigors)

Anser sandvicensis Vigors, List Anim. Garden Zodl. Soc., ed. 3, 1833, p. 4. (Hawaiian Islands.)

Hawaiian Islands. Now nearly extinct in the wild state.

Genus CHLOEPHAGA Eyton Chloéphaga Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 13. Type, by original desig- nation, Anas magellanica Gmelin = Anas leucoptera Gmelin. cf. Blaauw, Ibis, 1920, p. 497-498. Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 75. Wetmore, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zoél., 24, 1926, p. 415. ~— Chloéphaga melanoptera (Eyton) Anser melanopterus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 93. (Lake Titicaca.) Western South America from the highlands of Peru and Bolivia to the Straits of Magellan. Chloéphaga leucoptera (Gmelin)

Anas lewcoptera Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 505. (Falkland Islands.)

Southern Chile, southern Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands.

Chloéphaga dispar (Philippi and Landbeck)

Bernicla dispar Philippi and Landbeck, An. Univ. Chile, 21, 1862, p. 431. (Chile.)

Pacific slope of the Chilean cordillera to the Straits of Magellan.

~~ Chloéphaga poliocephala Sclater

Chloéphaga poliocephala Sclater, Proc. Zodl..Soc. London, 1857, p. 128. (ex pl. 165 in Gray, Gen. Bds.)

Southern Chile, southern Argentina and Tierra del Fuego.

~..-Chloéphaga rubidiceps Sclater

Chloéphaga rubidiceps Sclater, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1860, p. 387, pl. 173. (Falkland Islands.)

Falkland Islands; occasional in southern Argentina.

152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

--Chloéphaga hybrida hybrida (Molina)

Anas Hybrida Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 241. (Chiloe Island.)

Chile from Chiloe southward, southern Argentina, Tierra del Fuego.

Chloéphaga hybrida malvinarum Phillips

Chloéphaga hybrida malvinarum Phillips, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 423. (Port Stephens, West Falkland, Falkland Islands.)

Falkland Islands.

Genus CYANOCHEN Bonaparte Cyanochen Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856, p. 648. Type, by monotypy, Bernicla cyanoptera Rippell. cf. Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 138-139.

Cyanochen cyanopterus (Riippell)

Bernicla cyanoptera Riippell, Syst. Uebers., 1845, p. 129, pl. 47. (Shoa.) Highlands of Ethiopia and Shoa.

Genus CHENONETTA Branpt

Chenonetta Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov. Aves, fase. 1, 1836,

p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Anser lophotus Brandt = Anas jubata Latham.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 51-59.

Chenonetta jubata (Latham) Anas jubata Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl., 1801, p. lxix. (New South Wales.)

Chenonetta jubata alexanderi Mathews, Austral. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Northwest Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

SuspramMity DENDROCYGNINAE Grnus DENDROCYGNA Swainson

Dendrocygna Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 365. Type, by subse- quent designation, Anas arcuata Horsfield. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 28.)

Ctenanas Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 90. (New name for Leptotarsis Eyton [type, by monotypy, Leptotarsis eytoni Eyton] on grounds of preoccupation by Leptotarsus Guérin.)

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 115-182.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 153

—— Dendrocygna viduata (Linné)

Anas viduata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 205. (Carthagena, Colombia.) Tropical South America south to the Argentine Chaco, Paraguay and Uruguay. Africa south of the Sahara to southern Angola and the Umlazi River; Madagascar; Comoro Islands.

Dendrocygna bicolor helva Wetmore and Peters Dendrocygna bicolor helua Wetmore and Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 42. (Unlucky Lake, San Diego County, California.) Breeds locally from southern California east to southeastern Texas and south to Lake Chapala and the Valley of Mexico. In winter south to Gue- rrero and Tabasco.

~ Dendrocygna bicolor bicolor (Vieillot)

Anas bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 136. (Paraguay.)

Northern tropical South America from Colombia to the Guianas; Trini- dad; Brazil from Bahia southwest to Tucumdn thence southeast to Buenos Aires Province. East Africa from Kordofan and Sennar to Natal; Mada- gascar; India and Ceylon; Bengal to Pegu.

~ Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield)

Anas arcuata Horsfield, Zodl. Res. Java, pt. 8, 1824, pl. [64.] (Java.) Dendrocygna javanica peronit Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 86. (Northwest Australia.) Philippines, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sumba, Celebes, Timor, Moluccas, east- ern New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands.

~ Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield)

Anas Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 199. (Java.)

India from Sind eastward to the coast of southern China, south over the Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Nicobar Islands, Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin China; Riu Kiu Islands, southwestern half of Borneo; Sumatra; Java.

~ Dendrocygna autumnalis autumnalis (Linné)

Anas autumnalis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 127. (America.) Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon and southeastern Texas south to the Canal Zone.

~Dendrocygna autumnalis discolor Sclater and Salvin

Dendrocygna discolor Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 161. (Venezuela, Guiana and Brazil.) _ Eastern Panama and tropical South America to Guayaquil on the west, east over Amazonia and the Guianas to southern Brazil (Sao Paulo); northern Argentina? Trinidad, and occasional in some of the southern Lesser Antilles.

154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~~ Dendrocygna arborea (Linné)

Anas arborea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (America = Jamaica.)

Bahama Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, northern Lesser Antilles. Dendrocygna guttata Schlegel

Dendrocygna gutiulata Wallace, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1863, p. 36. (Buru, Ceram and Celebes) nomen nudum.

Dendrocygna guttata Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, 1866, Anseres, p. 85. (Celebes.)

Basilan and Mindanao, Celebes, Moluccas, Buru, Ceram, Amboina, Tenimber, Aru and Kei Islands, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago. (Gunantambu Island.)

Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton)

Leptotarsis Eytoni Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 111. (Northwest Australia.)

Dendrocygna eytoni munna Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 86. ([Northwest] Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

SuBFAMILY ANATINAE Genus ALOPOCHEN SrtrJNEGER

Alopochen Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., 4, 1885, p. 141. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Anas egyptiaca Linné. (Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 572.)

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 187-199.

Alopochen egyptiaca (Linné) Anas egyptiaca Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 197. (Egypt.)

Africa south of the Sahara, also the entire Nile Valley; southern Pales- tine. Numerous instances of casual occurrence in Europe.

Genus NEOCHEN OBERHOLSER

Neochen Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 571. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anser jubatus Spix.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 200-208.

Neochen jubata (Spix)

Anser jubatus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 84, pl. 108. (“Ad ripam fl. Solimoéns in insula Praya das Ongas.”’)

Basins of the Orinoco and the Amazon and their affluents.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 155

Genus SARKIDIORNIS Eyton Sarkidiornis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 20. Type, by original designation, Anser melanotos Pennant. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 68-79.

~...Sarkidiornis melanota (Pennant) Anser melanotos Pennant, Indian Zoél., 1769, p. 12, pl. 11. (Ceylon.)

Africa from Gambia and the Sudan south to Cape Colony; Madagascar; India and Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam and southeastern China.

~___._Sarkidiornis carunculata (Lichtenstein)

Anas carunculata Lichtenstein, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys. K1., 1816-17 (1819) p. 176. (Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)

Eastern tropical South America from Venezuela south to northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil (Sao Paulo).

Genus CAIRINA FLEMING Cairina Fleming, Philos. Zodl., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by monotypy, Anas moschata Linné. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 57-67.

———Cairina moschata (Linné)

Anas moschata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 124. (“India.” Brazil substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 9, 1902, p. 131.)

Mexico (Mazatlan and central Tamaulipas) south through Central America and South America to the coast of Peru on the west and to La Plata estuary in the east; casual to the Rio Negro, Argentina.

Genus ASARCORNIS Satvyapori

Asarcornis, Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 46 (in key), p. 59. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anas scutulata S. Miller.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 80-84. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., Bds., 6, 1929, p. 387-389.

Asarcornis scutulata (S. Miiller)

Anas scutulata S. Miiller, Verh. Nat. Ges. Ned. Land-en Volkenk., 1842, p. 159 (Java.)

Assam south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java.

Grenus COSCOROBA REIcHENBACH

Coscoroba Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. x. Type, by original designation and tautonymy, Anser candidus Vieillot = Anas coscoroba Molina.

ef. Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 42-44.

156 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-Coscoroba coscoroba (Molina) Anas Coscoroba Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 234. (Chile.) Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Falkland Islands.

Genus CASARCA BonaPaRTE

Casarca Bonaparte, Comp. List Bds. Europe and North America, 1838, p. 56. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy Anas rutila Pallas = Anas casarca Linné = Anas ferruginea Pallas.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 230-264.

Casarca ferruginea (Pallas) Anas ferruginea Pallas, in Vroeg’s Cat. 1764, Adumbr., p. 5. (No type locality given = Tartary.)

Breeds chiefly from southeastern Europe and western Mediterranean lands north and east across Asia to Transbaikalia, and the upper Amur, south to Persia, the Himalayas and southwestern China. Winters in the southern half of its breeding range and to the Nile Valley; India and south- ern China.

Casarca cana (Gmelin) Anas cana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 510. (Cape of Good Hope.) Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal.

- Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby)

Anas tadornoides Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 2, 1828, pl. 62 and text. (New South Wales.)

Casarca tadornoides westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 118. (Southwest Australia, type from Augusta.)

West and South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.

Casarca variegata (Gmelin)

Anas variegata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 505. (New Zealand = Dusky Sound, ex Latham.)

New Zealand. Genus STICTONETTA ReIcHENBACH

Stictonetta Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. ix. Type, by original designation, Anas nevosa Gould.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 92-93.

Stictonetta nzvosa (Gould)

Anas nevosa Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 177. (West Australia.)

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 157

Stictonetta nevosa lesueurt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 87. (New South Wales.)

Stictonetta branda Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, pl. 215. (New South Wales.)

West Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.

Genus TADORNA FLEMING Tadorna Fleming, Philos. Zoél., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by tautonymy, Anas tadorna Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1301-1303. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 204-227. ~~ Tadorna tadorna (Linné)

Anas Tadorna Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. (Coasts of Europe = Sweden.)

Breeds on the coasts of Norway and southern Sweden, British Isles, coast of France, east to Esthonia; locally about the shores of the Mediter- ranean, Black and Caspian Seas and eastward on the saline lakes of central Asia to East Siberia, Mongolia and Tibet. Winters from the southern part of its breeding range to northern Africa, Arabia, India, South China and Japan.

~~. Tadorna radjah radjah (Lesson)

Anas radjah “‘ Lesson and Garnot,’’ Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 417. (Buru.)

Moluccas, Ceram, Buru, Waigiu, Salawatti, New Guinea and the Aru Islands. ~~~ Tadorna radjah rufitergum Hartert

Tadorna radjah rufitergum Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 12, 1905, p. 205. (South Alligator River, Northern Territory.)

Tadorna radjah flindersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 86. (Cooktown, Queensland.)

Northern and eastern tropical Australia.

Genus PSEUDOTADORNA Kuropa

Pseudotadorna Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1917, p. 1. Type, by monotypy, Pseudo- tadorna cristata Kuroda.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 228-229.

Pseudotadorna cristata Kuroda

Pseudotadorna cristata Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1917, p. 1, f. 1. (Naktung River, near Fusan, Korea.)

158 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pseudotadorna cornuta ‘“Kuroda,’’ Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1305. (Substitute name for P. cristata.) Known only from three (to 1930) specimens, two from Korea and one from near Vladivostok. Possibly a hybrid.

Genus NESONETTA G. R. Gray

Nesonetta G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. 627. Type, by original designation, Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 89-91.

Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. 627, pl. 169, f. 4 (head). (Auckland Islands.) Auckland Islands. Genus ANAS LINNE

Anas Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas boschas Linné = Anas platyrhynchos Linné. (Les- son, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 417.)

Lophonetta Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p. 100. Type, by original designation, Anas cristata Gmelin.

Horizonetta Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 119. Type, by original designation, Anas laysanensis Rothschild.

Afranas Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by original designation, Anas undulata Dubois.

Melananas Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig- inal designation, Anas sparsa Kyton.

Micronetta Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig- inal designation, Anas punctata Burchell.

Notonetta Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig- inal designation, Anas capensis Gmelin.

Sibirionetta Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 11 (sub- genus). Type, by original designation, Anas formosa Georgi.

Amazonetta Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 12. Type, by original designation, Anas braziliensis Gmelin.

Speculanas Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 14. Type, by original designation, Anas specularis King.

cf. Bent, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 34-75; 98-130; 144-158. (Anas, Eunetta, Nettion, Querquedula, Dafila, Poecilonetta.) Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 10-15.1

1 T believe it best to follow the treatment of this genus as constituted by Hartert and by Phillips. The only other alternative is to break it up into a large number of genera and subgenera, each one monotypic. It does seem, however, that the ‘‘Widgeons”’ constitute a small, well-defined group, so I maintain Mareca, and for similar reasons Chaulelasmus, is also kept distinct.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 159

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1306-1328. (Except strepera, penelope and americana.)

Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 214-218. (Except Mareca and Nesonetta.)

Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 3-409. (Except penelope, americana, sibilatrix, strepera, and couwest.)

Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 3-9.

Schigler, Danmarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 269-349. (Nettion, Dafila, Anas, Querquedula.)

Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 41-43.

m= Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linné

Anas platyrhynchos Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Europe and Asia from the Arctic Circle south to the Mediter- ranean Sea, Asia Minor, northern Persia, Turkestan, Tibet, Central China, Korea and northern Japan; also Iceland (= A. p. subboschas Brehm, if the race is valid) and the Azores. In North America from northern Alaska and the Mackenzie Delta to the west shore of Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill), south to northern Lower California, southern New Mexico, eastern Kansas, central Missouri, southern Ohio and the upper James River in Virginia. Winters from southern half of its breeding range to northern Africa, Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, India, Burma, southern China, Japan, southern Mexico and Florida. Many casual records.

~—. Anas platyrhynchos conboschas C. L. Brehm

Anas conboschas C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, p. 865. (Greenland.)

Breeds on the coasts of Greenland, on the west, north to Upernavik and on the east, north to Angmagsalik. _...Anas wyvilliana Sclater

Anas wyvilliana Sclater, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1878, p. 350. (Ha- walian Islands.)

Hawaiian Islands. Accidental at Mazatlan, Mexico (Anas aberti Ridg- way). ......Anas oustaleti Salvadori

Anas oustalett Salvadori, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1894, p. 1. (Marianne Islands.)

Islands of Guam, Saipan and Tinian, Marianne Group.

~—~Anas laysanensis Rothschild

Anas laysanensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 17. (Lay- san Island.)

Laysan Island. (14 birds left in 1923.)

160 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha Swinhoe Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 394. (Ningpo, China.)

Eastern Asia from Dauria, the Amur River, southern Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands south to southern China and Formosa.

Anas poecilorhyncha haringtoni (Oates)

Polionetta haringtonit Oates, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1907, p. 558. (Shan States.)

Burma, Shan States, Yunnan.

.. Anas poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha J. R. Forster

Anas poecilorhyncha J. R. Forster, Zo6l. Indica, 1781, p. 23, pl. 13, f. 1. (Ceylon.)

The whole of India to western Assam; Ceylon.

— Anas superciliosa pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch

Anas superciliosa var. pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1872, p. 108. (Pelew Islands.)

Pelew Islands, northern New Guinea, Solomon, Fiji, Samoan and Tonga Islands and Tahiti.

Anas superciliiosa percna Riley

Anas superciliosa percna Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 93. (Koelawi, Celebes.)

Celebes. (This is probably the form found in western Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands and Buru.)

Anas superciliosa rogersi Mathews

Anas superciliosa rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 33. (Augusta, southwest Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Anas superciliosa superciliosa Gmelin

Anas superciliosa Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 537. (New Zea- land.)

New Zealand.

Anas luzonica Fraser

Anas Luzonica Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 113. (Island of Luzon.)

Philippine Islands.

Anas melleri Sclater

Anas melleri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864 (1865), p. 487, pl. 34. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar; Mauritius (introduced).

——

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 161

—= Anas fulvigula fulvigula Ridgway

Anas obscura var. fulvigula Ridgway, Am. Nat., 8, 1874, p. 111. (St. John’s River, Florida.)

Gulf coast of Florida (possibly Alabama), and north on the east coast of Florida to the St. John’s River.

—— Anas fulvigula maculosa Sennett

Anas maculosa Sennett, Auk, 6, 1889, p. 263. (Nueces Bay, Texas.) Gulf coast of the United States from Texas to Mississippi.

~~ Anas diazi diazi Ridgway

Anas diazi Ridgway, Auk, 3, 1886, p. 332. (San Ysidoro, Puebla, Mexico.)

Highlands of Central Mexico.

... Anas diazi novimexicana Huber

Anas novimexicana Huber, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 273. (Rio Grande, west of Las Cruces, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico.)

Southwestern United States in the upper Rio Grande Valley.

~~ Anas rubripes rubripes Brewster

Anas obscura rubripes Brewster, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 184. (New Hampshire shore of Lake Umbagog.)

Breeds from the west shore of Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill?) to southern James Bay and Lake Superior; eastward limits not known. Winters south to the Gulf of Mexico and on the entire Atlantic coast to Florida.

Anas rubripes tristis Brewster

Anas rubripes tristis Brewster, Auk, 26, 1909, p. 176. (New name for Anas obscura Gmelin [not Pontoppidan] New York, ex Latham.)

Breeds chiefly along the Atlantic coast from Labrador to North Caro- lina; westward limits not known. In winter from Nova Scotia to Florida and on the Gulf coast.

~ Anas undulata ruppelli Blyth

Anas Ruppelli Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 24, 1856, p. 265. (Cen- tral Africa = inner northeast Africa.)

Upper Blue Nile and Ethiopian Lake region.

-Anas undulata undulata DuBois

Anas undulata DuBois, Orn. Gall., 1, 1837, p. 119, pl. 77. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa from Angola, Uganda and Kenya Colony southward.

162 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anas sparsa leucostigma Riippell Anas leucostigma Riippell, Syst. Uebers. Vg. N.-O. Afr., 1845, p. 130, 138, pl. 48. (Abyssinia.)

Eastern Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and western Ethiopia south through eastern Congo, Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory, southern limit not known.

Anas sparsa sparsa Eyton Anas sparsa Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 142. (South Africa.) South Africa, northern limits not known.

Anas chlorotis G. R. Gray

Anas chlorotis G. R. Gray, Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds., 1845, p. 15, pl. 20. (New Zealand.)

New Zealand and Chatham Island.

~ Anas cyanoptera cyanoptera Vieillot

Anas cyanoptera Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 104. (La. Plata River and Buenos Aires.)

Breeds in North America from southern British Columbia and the cen- tral valleys of the Pacific states to the western edge of the Great Plains, south to northern Lower California and central Mexico. Winters in Mexico and Central America. Breeds also in South America from Argen- tina and Chile southward, and in the Falkland Islands. Occurs regularly and perhaps breeds in Colombia and Ecuador.

. Anas cyanoptera orinomus (Oberhdlser) Querquedula orinomus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 93. (Puna, Lake Titicaca, Peru.)

Andean plateau of Peru and Bolivia.

Anas discors Linné Anas discors Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 205. (North America = Virginia or Carolina.) Querquedula discors albinucha Kennard, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 459. (Grand Chenier, Cameron Parish, Louisiana.)

Breeds in North America east of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada from Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg (rarely to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and northern New England) south to Nevada, New Mexico and Louisiana. Winters south over Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to north- ern South America (Peru on the west and Cayenne on the northeast).

~ Anas querquedula Linné

Anas Querquedula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.)

eae

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 163

Breeds in southeastern England, southern Sweden, Finland and north- ern Russia east across Asia (south of lat. 60° N.) to Kamchatka; south to France, Italy, Black and Caspian Seas, Turkestan, Tibet(?), Manchuria and northern Japan (Hokkaido). Winters from the Mediterranean to West Africa (Nigeria), upper Egypt and Kenya Colony; southern Arabia, India, Indo-Chinese countries, Sunda Islands, Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea.

Anas castanea (Eyton)

Mareca castanea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 119, pl. [19]. (New South Wales.)

Virago castanea alexanderi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Southwest Australia.)

Australia (absent from the north coast and the interior); Tasmania.

Anas gibberifrons gibberifrons S. Miiller

Anas (Mareca) gibberifrons 8. Miiller, Verh. nat. ges. Ned., Land-en Volkenk., 1842, p. 159, note. (Celebes.)

Java, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands, Aru and Kei Islands, New Guinea, Rennell Island, New Caledonia.

Anas gibberifrons mathewsi Phillips

Anas gibberifrons mathewsi Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 266, new name to replace

Nettion castaneum rogersi Mathews (not Anas superciliosa rogerst Mathews), Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 86. (Northwest Australia, type said to be from Parry’s Creek.)

Australia (except Melville and Cape York Peninsulas) ; Tasmania.

Anas gibberifrons gracilis Buller

Anas gracilis Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 41. (Manawatu, North Island, New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

Anas albogularis albogularis (Hume)

Mareca albogularis Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 303. (Andaman Islands.)

Southern Andaman Islands.

~ PAnas albogularis leucopareus (Fleming)

Polionetta albigularis leucopareus Fleming, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 215. (North Reef Island, Andamans.)

North Reef Island and possibly Middle Andaman, Andaman Islands.

164 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anas bernieri (Hartlaub)

Querquedula Bernieri “J. Verr.’”’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 173. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Anas capensis Gmelin

Anas capensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 527. (Cape of Good Hope.) Africa from the Cunene, Bechuanaland, African lakes, Uganda and

southern Ethiopia southward. Apparently absent from southeastern Africa. Recorded from Lake Chad and Senegambia.

Anas punctata Burchell

Anas punctata Burchell, Travels, 1, 1822, p. 283, note. (Zak River, Cape Province.)

Africa from southern Angola, Uganda and Shoa to Cape Province; Madagascar.

Anas crecca crecca Linné

Anas Crecca Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Europe and Asia north to lat. 70°, south to the Mediter- ranean Sea, the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Dzungaria, Mongolia, northeastern China, Manchuria and Hokkaido; Aleutian Islands; Iceland. Winters in Iceland and western Europe and from the southern part of its breeding range to northern Africa, Nile Valley, Somaliland, Persia, India and Ceylon, Assam, southern China and the Philippines. Many instances of casual occurrence elsewhere.

Anas crecca carolinensis Gmelin

Anas carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 533. (Carolina to Hudson Bay.)

Breeds from northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake and Fort Churchill south to California, northern New Mexico and lowa (formerly), east to Manitoba and Minnesota, locally and rarely to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Winters in the southern United States, Mexico, northern - Central America and the West Indies.

Anas formosa Georgi

Anas formosa Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich, 1, 1775, p. 168. (Lake Baikal.) Breeds in eastern Siberia from the middle Lena River east to the Kolyma delta and Anadyr, south to Lake Baikal(?) Amurland, northern Sakhalin and northern Kamchatka. Winters in China, Japan and Formosa.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 165

~——- Anas falcata Georgi

Anas falcata Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich, 1, 1775, p. 167. (Asi- atic Russia.)

Breeds in northern Asia south of the Arctic Circle from the upper Yenesei to Kamchatka, south to northern Mongolia(?), the Amur and Ussuriland. Winters in Japan, Korea, eastern and southern China to upper Burma.

~—— Anas leucophrys Vieillot

Anas leucophrys Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 156. (Para-

guay.)

Southern Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern (Matto Grosso) and southern (Rio Grande do Sul) Brazil, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay.

~~~ Anas brasiliensis Gmelin

Anas brasiliensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 517. (Brazil.)

Hastern South America from the Orinoco, western Brazil, eastern Boli- via, Paraguay, northern Argentina and Uruguay to the Atlantic Ocean. Anas specularioides alticola Ménégaux

Anas cristata alticola Ménégaux, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10), 1, 1909, p. 224. (Lake Poopo, Bolivia.)

Highlands of Peru and Bolivia.

Anas specularioides specularioides King

Anas specularioides King, Zodl. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 98. (Straits of Magellan.) 1

Mountains of Chile, southern and western Argentina, Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands. = Anas specularis King Anas specularis King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 98. (Straits of Magellan.) Andes of Chile and Argentina from lat. 40° S. to the Straits of Magellan.

Anas versicolor puna Tschudi Anas Puna Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Band 1, 1844, p.315. (Peru.) Highlands of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile (above 12,000 feet).

~—. Anas versicolor versicolor Vieillot Anas versicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 109. (Para- guay.) Chile, southern Bolivia, Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

1 Anas cristata Gmelin, the earliest name for this species, is preoccupied by Anas cristata J. B. Fischer, Vers. Nat. Livland, 1778, p. 81.

166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anas andium (Sclater and Salvin)

Querquedula andium Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 162. (High Ecuador between Rio Bamba and Mocha.)

High Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and western Venezuela.

Anas flavirostris oxyptera Meyen

Anas oxyptera Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, suppl., 1834, p. 121, pl. 26. (Southern Peru.)

Andean region of central and southern Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta). Anas flavirostris flavirostris Vieillot Anas flavirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 107. (Bue- nos Aires.) Southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and central Chile south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. Anas eatoni eatoni (Sharpe) Querquedula eatoni Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 328. (Kerguelen Island.) Kerguelen Island.

Anas eatoni drygalskii Reichenow Anas drygalskii Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 47. (Crozet Islands.)

Crozet Islands.

Anas georgica Gmelin Anas georgica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 516. (“Georgia australi America.’’) Island of South Georgia.

Anas spinicauda Vieillot Anas spinicauda Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 135. (Buenos Aires.)

Southern South America from the highlands of Peru and plateau of Bolivia to southern Brazil and south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

Anas acuta acuta Linné

Anas acuta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden. )

Breeds in Iceland and in northern Europe and Asia south to the northern British Isles, Germany, southern Russia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Altai, Transbaikalia, the Amur, Kamchatka and Commander Islands(?). Winters south to northern Africa, the Nile Valley, Shoa, Persian Gulf, ee se lon, Burma, Siam, southern China and Formosa.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 167

“= Anas acuta tzitzihoa Vieillot

Anas tzitzthoa Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 163. (Mexico, ex Hernandez.)

Breeds from Arctic coast of northwestern North America east to Hudson Bay, south to southern California, northern Colorado and central Iowa. Winters from southern British Columbia, Mississippi Valley and Chesa- peake Bay to Panama and the West Indies; Hawaiian Islands.

~ Anas angustirostris Ménétriés

Anas angustirostris Ménétriés, Cat. Rais. Obj. Zoél. Caucase, 1832, p. 58. (Lenkoran.)

Breeds in southern Spain, northern Africa, Cyprus, Syria, southern Cas- pian Sea, Persia and Baluchistan. Winters chiefly in northwestern India. - Anas bahamensis bahamensis Linné

Anas bahamensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.)

Bahama Islands, Greater and northern Lesser Antilles, the Guianas and northern Brazil. - Anas bahamensis rubrirostris Vieillot

Anas rubrirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 108. (Bue- nos Aires.)

Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern and eastern Argentina. Occurs in Peru, Bolivia and Chile but status not known.

~ Anas galapagensis (Ridgway) Poecilonetta galapagensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, 1889, p.115. (Charles Island, Galapagos.)

Galapagos Islands.

Anas erythrorhyncha Gmelin’

Anas erythrorhyncha Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 517. (Cape of Good Hope.) Africa from Benguella, the upper Zambesi, Lake Tanganyika, Uganda, and southern Ethiopia to Cape Colony; Madagascar.

GENUS MARECA STEPHENS

Mareca Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zo6l., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 130. Type, by subsequent designation, Mareca fistularis Stephens = Anas penelope Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 33.)

cf. Bent, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 86-98. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1321-1323. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 167-210.

168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mareca penelope (Linné)

Anas Penelope Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, re-

stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland and in northern Europe and Asia north to lat. 71° N., south regularly to lat. 60° N., and more rarely to 45° or 42°. Winters on the coasts of Britain and southward to northern Africa, the Nile Valley, Ethiopia, Persian Gulf, India, Tenasserim, southern China, Hainan and Japan. Regularly in autumn and winter on the Atlantic coast of North America from New England to the Carolinas. Numerous instances of casual occurrence elsewhere.

Mareca americana (Gmelin)

Anas americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 526. (Louisiana

and New York.)

North America from the Yukon and Mackenzie Basins, mainly east of the Rockies, to Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes to Lake Winnipeg, south to eastern Oregon, northern Colorado, southern Wisconsin and Indiana. Winters from the coast of British Columbia, Mississippi Valley, and Atlantic coast from Long Island southward to Costa Rica and West Indies.

Mareca sibilatrix (Poeppig) Anas sibilatrix Poeppig, Froriep’s Notizen, 25, 1829, col. 10. (Chile.) Southern South America from Chile to southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. Occurs in the north- ern part of its range only in winter.

GENus CHAULELASMUS BonapartEe

Chaulelasmus Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 56. Type, by monotypy, Anas strepera Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1230-1231. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 1388-158.

Chaulelasmus streperus (Linné)

Anas strepera Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Hurope, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland, southeastern England and across Europe and Asia (south of lat. 60° N.) to Kamchatka; south to Holland, Germany, central Russia, Caspian Sea, Seistan, Altai(?) and Transbaikalia. In North America from southern British Columbia, central Alberta and northern Saskatche- wan south to southern California, Colorado, Nebraska and Wisconsin. Winters from southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Himalayas, middle China and Japan to northern Africa, Ethiopia, India, Assam and southern China and from southern British Columbia, Arizona, the Mississippi Valley and North Carolina south to Lower California, southern Mexico and Florida.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 169

{7Chaulelasmus couesi Streets

Chaulelasmus couesi Streets, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 1, 1876, p. 46. (Wash- ington Island, Fanning Group.)

Washington and New York Islands, Fanning Group. Now extinct. Cf. Wetmore, Condor, 27, 1925, p. 36.

Grnus SPATULA Bots

Spatula Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, col. 564. Type, by monotypy, Anas clypeata Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1328-1331. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 10-41.

- Spatula clypeata (Linné)

Anas clypeata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Coasts of EKurope, restricted type locality, southern Sweden.)

Spatula clypeata indiana Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 194. (India.)

Breeds in the British Isles eastward through Europe and Asia to the Kolyma delta, usually about to the Arctic Circle, and south to France, Turkey, the Black Sea, Transcaspia, Turkestan, northern Mongolia(?), Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri and Kamchatka(?). In North America from Kotzebue Sound to the lower Mackenzie and southeastward to Lakes Athabaska and Winnipeg; south to central California, northern New Mexico, Kansas and Indiana. Winters in Europe and Asia from the south- ern border of its breeding range to northern and eastern Africa, Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon, Burma, southern China and Japan; in North America on the Pacific coast from Puget Sound; inland in the lower Mississippi Valley and on the Atlantic coast from Chesapeake Bay southward regu- larly to Honduras; the Hawaiian Islands. Many instances of casual occur- rence.

Spatula platalea (Vieillot) Anas platalea Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 157. (Para- guay.) Southern South America from Peru and Bolivia to southern Brazil and

south to the Straits of Magellan; migratory in northern and southern parts of its range.

~——— Spatula capensis (Eyton)

Rhynchaspis capensis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 135. (No type locality given = Cape of Good Hope.)

South Africa north to Angola and the Transvaal.

170 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Spatula rhynchotis rhynchotis (Latham) Anas Rhynchotis Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixx. (New South Wales.) Spatula rhynchotis dydimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Southwest Australia.) Southern and eastern Australia and Tasmania.

Spatula rhynchotis variegata Gould Spatula variegata Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1856, p. 95. (New Zealand.) New Zealand.

Genus MALACORHYNCHUS Swainson Malacorhynchus Swainson, Journ. Roy. Inst. Gr. Brit., 2, pt. 4, 1831, p. 18. Type, by monotypy, Anas membranacea Latham. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 42-45.

Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham) Anas membranacea Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lxix. (New South Wales.) Malacorhynchus membranaceus assimilis, Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 86. (Fitzroy River, Northwest Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Genus RHODONESSA REIcHENBACH Rhodonessa Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. ix. Type, by original designation, Anas caryophyllacea Latham.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 90-93. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 390-391.

Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham) Anas caryophyllacea Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 866. (India.) Local in northeastern India and eastern India south to Madras.

Genus AIX Bore

Aix Boie, Isis, 21, 1828, p. 329. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas sponsa Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 35.)

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 46-72.

Aix sponsa (Linné) Anas Sponsa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (North America = Carolina.) Breeds in western North America from British Columbia to California and from Lake Winnipeg to southern Nova Scotia, south to Texas, Florida and Cuba. Winters in the southern half of its breeding area.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 171

Genus DENDRONESSA Swainson Dendronessa Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am. Bds., 1831 (1832), p. 497. Type, by original designation, Anas galericulata Linné. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 73-84.

- Dendronessa galericulata (Linné)

Anas galericulata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (China.)

Aix galericulata brunnescens Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p. 87. (Kiusiu, Japan.)

Breeds in eastern Asia from the Amur and Ussuri south through Korea,

eastern China and the Japanese Islands to Formosa. Winters in the part of its range below lat. 40° N.

Grenus CHENISCUS Eyton

Cheniscus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p.15. Type, by original designa- tion, Anas coromandeliana Gmelin.

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 209-210. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 98-111. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 392-394.

~ Cheniscus coromandelianus coromandelianus (Gmelin)

Anas coromandeliana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 522. (Coro- mandel, India.)

India, Ceylon and Burma east to southern China (Yangtse River), south to the Malay Peninsula, Indo-Chinese countries; northern Luzon, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Banka; casual in northern Celebes.

Cheniscus coromandelianus albipennis (Gould)

Nettapus albipennis Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 6, 1842, text to pl. 5. (Hast- ern Australia = Moreton Bay, Queensland, fide Mathews.)

Cheniscus coromandelianus mackayi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Mackay, Queensland.)

Eastern Australia.

Cheniscus pulchellus (Gould)

Nettapus pulchellus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 6, 1842, pl. 4. (Port Essing- ton, Northern Territory.)

Cheniscus pulchellus rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56. (Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia.)

Ceram, Buru, southern New Guinea, northern Australia.

172 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus NETTAPUS Branpt

Nettapus Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov., Aves, fase. 1, 1836, p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Anas madagascariensis Gmelin = Anas aurita Boddaert.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 94-97. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 45.

Nettapus auritus (Boddaert) Anas aurita Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 48. (Madagascar, ex Daubenton, pl. 770.)

Africa from Gambia and Bahr el Ghazal through Kenya Colony south to Cape Province; Madagascar.

Genus PTERONETTA Satvapori

Pteronetta Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 46 (in key), p. 63. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Querquedula hartlaubii Cassin.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 85-89. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 44.

Pteronetta hartlaubii (Cassin) Querquedula Hartlaubti Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 175. (Camma River, Gaboon.)

Pteronetta hartlaubi albifrons Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 42. (Ituri Forest, Upper Congo.)

Liberia to the Congo, upper Uele and Ituri districts and the African lake region. Genus HETERONETTA Satvapor1

Heteronetta Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 374. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anas melanocephala Vieillot (not Gmelin) = Anas atricapilla Merrem.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 94-96.

Heteronetta atricapilla (Merrem)

Anas atricapilla Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber’s Encyc., sect. 1, 35, 1841, p. 26. (Buenos Aires.)

Central Chile east to Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, south in Argen- tina to provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and Buenos Aires.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 173

SupramMity NYROCINAE Genus NETTA Kavp

Netta Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 102. Type, by monotypy, Anas rufina Pallas.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1333-1335. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 101-113.

~——- Netta rufina (Pallas)

Anas rufina Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773, p. 713. (Caspian Sea

and lakes of Tartarian Desert.)

Breeds chiefly from the lower Danube through southern Russia east across the Kirghiz Steppes to west Siberia, south to northern Syria, Persia and Yarkand. Winters largely in India, Burma and the Shan States but there are many records for Europe, North Africa and eastern Asia.

Genus METOPIANA Bonaparte

Metopiana Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 649. Type, by monotypy, Anas peposaca Vieillot.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 114-120.

~—— Metopiana peposaca (Vieillot) Anas peposaca Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 132. (Para- guay and Buenos Aires.) Central Chile south to Chiloe Island, east across Argentina to Paraguay, Uruguay and southward to Rio Negro Territory.

Genus NYROCA FLEMING

Nyroca Fleming, Philos. Zoél., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by tautonymy, Anas nyroca Gildenstadt.

Perissonetta Oberholser, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1920, p. 110. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anas collaris Donovan.

cf. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 175-230. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1335-1344. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 220-222. (Excl. Erisma- tura, p. 221.) Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 121-286. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 40. Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 222-223. (Aythya, Aristonetta, Fuli-

gula.)

~-—— Nyroca valisineria (Wilson)

Anas valisineria Wilson, Am. Orn., 8, 1814, p. 103, pl. 70, f. 5. (Hastern United States.)

174 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from Great Slave Lake and upper Mackenzie Valley south to eastern Oregon, northern Utah, northern New Mexico and southwestern Nebraska, east to central Manitoba and South Dakota. Winters from southern British Columbia, Colorado, southern Illinois and Chesapeake Bay to central Mexico, coasts of the Gulf States and Florida.

Nyroca ferina (Linné) Anas ferina Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, restricted

type locality, Sweden.) Nyroca ferina ferinoides Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 32, 1920, p. 248 (Japanese text), p. 245 (English text). (Haneda, near Tokio, Japan.) Breeds in the British Isles, southern Scandinavia and from eastern Russia through west Siberia (mainly south of lat. 60°) to Lake Baikal; south to Holland, Germany, the Balkan States, Black Sea, Kirghiz Steppes and Yarkand. Winters in its west European breeding range and south to northern Africa, Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, India, Burma and southern China. Numerous records of casual occurrence in Europe and eastern Asia.

Nyroca americana (Eyton)

Fuligula americana Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 155. (North America.)

Breeds in western North America from southern British Columbia, Lake Athabasca, central Saskatchewan and western Manitoba south to southern California, Utah, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Winters chiefly in the United States and south to Lower California and the Valle de Mexico.

Nyroca collaris (Donovan)

Anas collaris Donovan, Brit. Bds., 6, 1809, pl. 147 and text. (Lincoln- shire, England, from specimen found in Leadenhall Market, London.)

Breeds in North America chiefly from Lake Athabaska and northern Alberta and Saskatchewan southeastward to Manitoba and thence south to North Dakota and Wisconsin. Breeds also in southern British Columbia, Oregon, northern California and Nebraska. Winters in southern United States (chiefly Gulf Coast and Florida) south to Guatemala, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles.

Nyroca fuligula (Linné)

Anas fuligula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland, the British Isles and the greater part of Europe and Asia north to lat. 70° and south to central Europe, the Balkan States, Kirghiz Steppes, Lake Baikal, the Amur River, Sakhalin and the Com- mander Islands. Winters in the southern half of its European breeding range and from Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Kashmir, central China, Korea and Japan south to northern Africa, the Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, India, Arakan, south China and the Philippines. Many casual records in Africa and the East Indies.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 175

Nyroca nyroca (Giildenstadt)

Anas nyroca Gildenstidt, Nov. Comm. Sci. Petropol., 14, 1769, p. 403. (‘‘— regionibus Tanaicensibus inter gradum 54°-55° . . .’”)

Anas rufa Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, 1921, p. 153. (Ex Linué, Fn. Svec., ed. 2, 1761, p. 47, no. 134.)

Breeds in southern Europe to Rumania, Poland and west Siberia to the Ob Valley, south to northern Africa (Morocco and Algeria), Persia, Turke- stan, Kashmir, the Pamirs and southern Tibet. Winters in the Mediter- ranean region, Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, Arakan and Burma. ~~ Nyroca innotata Salvadori

Nyroca innotata Salvadori, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1894, p. ii. (Betsileo, Madagascar.)

Northern and eastern Madagascar.

--- Nyroca baeri (Radde)

Anas (Fuligula) Baeri Radde, Reisen Siid. von Ost-Sibirien, 2, 1863, p. 376, pl. 15. (Southeast Siberia.)

Breeds from Transbaikalia to the lower Ussuri and the Amur; Kam- chatka(?). Winters in China, Korea and Japan, upper Assam and Burma. ~~ Nyroca australis Eyton

Nyroca australis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 160. (Australia = New South Wales.)

Nyroca nyroca dampieri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 87. (Fitz- roy River, Northwest Australia.)

Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand; casual in New Guinea (Arfak), Celebes, New Hebrides and New Caledonia. —..-Nyroca erythrophthalma (Wied)

Anas erythrophthalma Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, 4, 1832, p. 929. (Lagoa do Braco, Villa Belmonte, southern Brazil.)

Nyroca brunnea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 161, pl.[23]. (Southern Africa.)

Fuligula nationt Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1877, p. 522. (Lima, Peru.) !

Western South America from northwestern Venezuela to southern Peru; Africa from Angola on the west and Shoa on the east to Cape Province. ~~ Nyroca noveseelandize (Gmelin)

Anas nove Seelandie Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 541. (Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)

New Zealand (both islands), Auckland Island, Chatham Islands. 1 But cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 234.

176 CHECK—-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Nyroca marila marila (Linné) Anas Marila Linné, Fn. Svec., ed. 2, 1761, p. 39. (Lapland.)

Breeds in Iceland, Orkneys, Hebrides, Scandinavian Peninsula, Russia and Siberia, mainly north of lat. 60°; eastern limits not defined. Winters on the coasts of western Europe, eastern Mediterranean, the Black Sea, Syria, Persian Gulf and northwestern India.

Nyroca marila mariloides (Vigors) Fuligula Mariloides Vigors, Zoél. Beechey’s Voy. ‘Blossom,’ 1839, p. 31. (No type locality = Bering Sea.)

Breeds on Bering Island, probably also Kamchatka. In winter to the coasts of China, Korea and Japan.

Nyroca marila nearctica (Stejneger)

Aythya marila nearctica Stejneger, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 29, 1885, p. 161. (North America.)

Breeds from the Aleutian Islands and the Bering Sea coast of Alaska north to the Arctic coasts of Alaska and Canada, east to the west shore of Hudson Bay (rarely further east), south to central British Columbia (east of the Cascades), central Alberta, central Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba (formerly to Iowa and Minnesota). Winters chiefly on the sea coasts of North America, from the Aleutian Islands on the west and from Maine on the east, south to northern Lower California and the West Indies.

Nyroca affinis (Eyton) Fuligula affinis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 157. (North America.)

Breeds from the middle Mackenzie Valley and Lake Athabaska to west- ern Ontario and south (east of the Cascades) to Oregon, Utah and Ne- braska; formerly to northern Illinois. Winters chiefly from the southern United States south to Panama and the West Indies.

Genus TACHYERES Owen Tachyeres Owen, Trans. Zoél. Soc. London, 9, 1875, p. 254. Type, by monotypy, Anas brachyptera Latham. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 287-297.

Tachyeres brachyptera (Latham) Anas brachyptera Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 834. (Falkland Islands.)

Coasts of southern South America from Valdivia on the west and Puerto Deseado on the east, south to Tierra del Fuego; also on some of the Andean Lakes; Falkland Islands.!

1 The question as to whether there are one or two species of “Steamer Ducks’”’ is still an open one.

jachyeres yternes { Forster’ frnas prewn @s Forst-, Vese. Anm., Bat, ? 339 [Teren vel Fre 9,2) Sa - Breeds Srom Eyls of Ancitd G Tierra «lel Tach eves 9Atacho nNicys [ King Micvaate rus P enoveus ing . f2Z.3., 1930 ‘J Si ; Same as Ptemmes Autingludes ye ea

Awd cer IN eae &: coast Tw tat ges: Falklavid As.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES Wigive

Genus BUCEPHALA Barrp

Bucephala Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. L, 788, 795. Type, by original designation, Anas albeola Linné. cf. Bent, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 21-24. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1845-1350. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 287-333.

~~" Bucephala clangula clangula (Linné)

Anas Clangula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds from the Scandinavian Peninsula across Europe and Asia north to the limit of trees; south to Germany, central Russia, the southern border of the coniferous forest of Siberia, to Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island. Also in Montenegro and the Dobrudja. Winters from the British Isles, southern Scandinavia and southern limit of breeding range in Europe and Asia to the Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, northern India, Burma, southern China and Japan.

Bucephala clangula americana (Bonaparte)

Clangula Americana Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 58. (America, restricted type locality, eastern United States.)

Breeds in North America from the limit of heavy timber in central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, Hudson Bay and northeastern Labrador south to central British Columbia and the northern tier of states, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. Winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to California and on the Atlantic from Maine to South Carolina. Also on open lakes and rivers from the northern boundary of the United States south irregularly to the mouth of the Mississippi.

———-Bucephala islandica (Gmelin) Anas islandica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 541. (Iceland.)

Breeds in the mountains of northwestern North America from south-cen- tral Alaska to southwestern Colorado; in Labrador; in southwestern Green- land, and in Iceland. Winters on the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to San Francisco Bay; on the Atlantic from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Long Island. Non-migratory in Greenland and Iceland.

~~ Bucephala albeola (Linné)

Anas Albeola Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (America = Newfoundland, ex Edwards.)

Breeds from central Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake, southwestern shores of Hudson Bay and western Ontario south through central British Columbia to northern Montana; south also to Alberta and Manitoba. Winters mainly in the United States and on the Pacific coast to the Aleutian and Commander Islands.

178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus CLANGULA Lracu

Clangula Leach, in Ross, Voy. Disc., 1819, App., p. xlvii. Type, by monotypy, Anas glacialis Linné = Anas hyemalis Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1351-1354. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 347-366.

Clangula hyemalis (Linné)

Anas hyemalis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Arctic Europe

and America, restricted type locality, northern Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland, Spitzbergen, Novaya Zemlya and Arctic coasts and islands of Europe and Asia to Bering Strait; Commander Islands; Aleutian Islands, islands in Bering Sea, coasts of Alaska, Arctic coasts and islands north of North America to lat. 83°; coasts of Greenland. Winters in ice free waters south to the shores and larger lakes of central Europe, Caspian Sea, the Pacific coast of Asia to Japan and of North America to California; the Great Lakes; Atlantic coast of North America from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Carolina; southern Greenland.

GENus HISTRIONICUS Lzsson

Histrionicus Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 415. Type, by original designation, Anas histrionica Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1360-1363. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 367-383.

Histrionicus histrionicus histrionicus (Linné)

Anas histrionica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 127. (America,

restricted type locality, Newfoundland, ex Edwards.)

Breeds in northern Labrador (probably); coasts of Greenland north to lat. 77° on the west and to lat. 70° on the east; Iceland. Chiefly permanent resident, but some winter from Newfoundland to Long Island; casual in western Europe.

Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus W. 8. Brooks

Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus W. 8. Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59, 1915, p. 393. (Cape Shipunski, Kamchatka.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia from the Lena River (S. of lat. 65°) and Lake Baikal to Anadyr, Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands. In North America it breeds on the coast and islands of southern Alaska and south in the mountains to central California and Colorado. Winters from the Com- mander Islands to Japan and from the Pribilov and Aleutian Islands to California.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 179

Genus SOMATERIA Lracu

Somateria Leach, in Ross, Voy. Disc. 2, 1819, p. 154, App., p. xviii. Type, by monotypy, Anas spectabilis Linne.1 cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1366-1373. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 80-129.

SuBGENUS EIDER JAROCKI

Eider Jarocki, Spis Ptakow Gab. Zoél. Warsz. Univ., 1819, p. 62. Type, by monotypy, Anas mollissima Linné.

~--- Somateria mollissima v-nigra G. R. Gray

Somateria V-nigra G. R. Gray, Proe. Zoél. Soc. London, 1855 (1856), p. 212, pl. 107. (Kotzebue Sound.)

Breeds on the Arctic coasts and islands of northeastern Asia from the Ajon (or Alon) Islands to Bering Strait, Copper Island, Commander and Aleutian Islands and coasts of North America from Kadiak Island to Vic- toria Island and Coronation Gulf. Winters chiefly in the Aleutian Islands.

~~ Somateria mollissima borealis (C. L. Brehm)

Platypus borealis C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. Naturg. Eur. Vég., 2, 1824, p. 813. (Coasts of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait and west coast of Greenland, etc.)

Breeds on the Arctic coasts and islands of North America from long. 100° W., north to Ellesmere Island, south to northern Hudson Bay, east to Baffin Island, Labrador south to Hamilton Inlet and west coast of Green- land to 82° N. Winters from the open waters of Greenland south to Maine.

._..— Somateria mollissima dresseri Sharpe

Somateria Dresseri Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871, p. 51, f. 2. (North America.)

Breeds on both coasts of Hudson and James Bay and from Labrador south of Hamilton Inlet to Penobscot Bay. Winters from Newfoundland to Nantucket Shoals.

~—.. Somateria mollissima mollissima (Linné)

Anas mollissima Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (‘Europa boreali pelagica,” restricted type locality, Island of Gottland.)

Somateria mollissima britannica Millais, Brit. Diving Ducks, 2, 1913, p. 2. (British Isles.)

Breeds on the coasts of southeastern Greenland(?), Iceland, Jan Mayen,

Scotland, Scandinavia and east to the Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya. Par- tially resident, but some winter on the North Sea and west coast of France.

1 Of the two included species, one is listed only in the vernacular, the other has a valid binomial name and may be accepted as a monotypic type.

180 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Somateria mollissima faeroeensis C. L. Brehm Somateria Faeroeensis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, p. 893. (Faroes.) Faroes; resident. SuspGEeNus SOMATERIA Lracu

Somateria spectabilis (Linné)

Anas spectabilis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Canada, Sweden.)

Breeds on Spitzbergen and on the Arctic coasts and islands of Europe and Asia from Kolguev and Novaya Zemlya to Anadyr, thence south to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands; St. Lawrence and St. Matthew Islands; Arctic coasts and islands of North America north to lat. 76°, east to northern Labrador; Grinnell Land, Grant Land, both coasts of Greenland south to lat. 62°. Winters from limits of open water to Iceland, Scandinavia, British Isles, the Kuriles and on the Atlantic coast of North America to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland; rarely further.

Genus ARCTONETTA Gray Arctonetta Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1855 (1856), p. 212. Type, by monotypy, Fuligula fischeri Brandt. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 73-79.

Arctonetta fischeri (Brandt) Fuligula (Lampronetta) Fischeri Brandt, Fuligulam Fischeri Novam Avium Speciem, 1847, p. 18, pl. 1. (St. Michael, Alaska.)

Breeds on the New Siberian Islands and on the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Yana River to Bering Strait and on the Alaskan coasts from Kuskokwim River to Barter Island. Winters in the Aleutian Islands.

Genus OIDEMIA FLEMING

Oidemia Fleming, Philos. Zodl., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas nigra Linné. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 74.)

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 3-25.

-Oidemia nigra nigra (Linné)

Anas nigra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Lapland, Eng- land.)

Breeds in Iceland, Ireland, Scotland and northern Europe and Asia from Norway east to the Taimyr Peninsula; also on Waigatch and Novaya Zemlya. Winters chiefly on the coasts of western Europe, the Mediter- ranean, Black and Caspian Seas.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 181

~~ Oidemia nigra americana Swainson

Oidemia Americana Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 450. (Hudson Bay.)

_ Breeds in northeastern Asia, the Aleutian Islands and western Alaska; may possibly breed sporadically across northern North America to New- foundland. Winters from its southern limit of breeding south on the Pacific coast of Asia to Japan and China, and in North America from Aleutian Islands to California, on the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to North Carolina.

Genus MELANITTA Bore

Melanitta Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, col. 564. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas fusca Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 52.)

Pheonetta Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 198. Type, by original designation, Anas fusca Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1854-1358.

Miller, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 279-281. Miller, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 243, 1926, p. 1-5. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 26-56.

~~ Melanitta fusca fusca (Linné) Anas fusca Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (‘Oceano Euro- paeo,” restricted type locality, coast of Sweden.)

Breeds from Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea east to the Yenissei. Win- ters on the coasts of western Europe, the Mediterranean, Black and Cas- pian Seas.

-Melanitta fusca stejnegeri (Ridgway)

Oidemia stejnegeri Ridgway, Man. No. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 112. (Kam- chatka to Japan.)

Breeds in eastern Asia from the Altai and Minusinsk to Anadyr, Kam- chatka and the Commander Islands. Winters on the coast of eastern Asia from the Commander Islands to Japan and China.

~-Melanitta fusca dixoni (W. 8. Brooks)

Oedemia deglandi dixoni W. S. Brooks, Bull. Mus., Comp. Zodl., 59, 1915, p. 393. (Griffin Point, Arctic Alaska.)

Probably breeds in western Alaska, eastern limits not known. Winters on the Pacific coast of North America from Unalaska to California.

~~ Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte)

Oedemia deglandi Bonaparte, Rev. Crit. Orn. Eur., 1850, p. 108. (North America.)

182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from the Mackenzie Delta (and upper Yukon?) to northern Brit- ish Columbia, North Dakota and Manitoba eastward to James Bay (casually to Labrador?). Winters on the Great Lakes and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland to North Carolina.

SUBGENUS PELIONETTA Kaup

Pelionetta Kaup, Skizz. Ent.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 107. Type, by monotypy, Anas perspicillata Linné.

Melanitta perspicillata (Linné) Anas perspicillata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)

Breeds in northern North America from the Yukon and Mackenzie Deltas to Lake Athabaska and eastward to Hudson and James Bays; be- lieved also to breed in northeastern Siberia and in Labrador. Winters from Alaska to California; on the Great Lakes; and from Nova Scotia to South Carolina.

Genus CAMPTORHYNCHUS Bonaparte Camptorhynchus ‘‘Kyton” Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 58.

Type, by monotypy, Anas labradoria Gmelin. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 57-63.

{Camptorhynchus labradorius (Gmelin) Anas labradoria Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 537. (Arctic America, Connecticut and Labrador.)

Extinct. Believed to have bred formerly in Labrador. Wintered from Grand Manan to Chesapeake Bay(?) but chiefly off Long Island, N. Y.

Genus POLYSTICTA Eyton

Polysticta Eyton, Cat. Brit. Bds., 1836, p. 58. Type, by monotypy, Anas stellert Pallas.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 64-72.

Polysticta stelleri (Pallas) Anas stelleri Pallas, Spic. Zodl., fase. 6, 1769, p. 35, pl. 5. (Kamchatka.)

Breeds on the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to Bering Strait and on the coasts of Alaska from Barter Island to Unimak Island. Winters on the open waters of northern Finland and Norway; Kamchatka, Commander and Kurile Islands, Aleutian Islands and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES . 183

Genus HYMENOLAIMUS G. R. Gray Hymenolaimus G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11, 1848, p. 370. Type, by monotypy, Anas malacorhynchos Gmelin. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 205-210.

~—~Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (Gmelin)

Anas malacorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat.,1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 526. (Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)

Mountain streams of New Zealand.

Genus SALVADORINA RoruscHitD anpD HarTERT Salvadorina Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 1, 1894, p. 683. Type, by monotypy, Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 203-204.

—~- Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert

Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 1, 1894, p. 683 (Waigiu.) Island of Waigiu and mountain streams of New Guinea.

SUBFAMILY OXYURINAE

Genus THALASSORNIS Eyton Thalassornis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 70. Type, by original designation, Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 135-142.

~~-— Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus Eyton

Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 168. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa from eastern Cameroon and southern Ethiopia south to Cape Colony. .... Thalassornis leuconotus insularis Richmond

Thalassornis insularis Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1897, p. 679. (Sakales River, eastern Madagascar.)

Madagascar. Genus NOMONYX Riveway

Nomonyx Ridgway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880, p. 15. Type, by original designation, Anas dominica Linné.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 143-150.

184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Nomonyx dominicus (Linné) Anas dominica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,1, 1766, p. 201. (South America = Santo Domingo, from Brissonian reference.)

Greater Antilles and South America to Chile (Concepcion), northern Argentina (Tucumd4n) and eastern Argentina (Buenos Aires Province). Occasional in Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles.

Genus OXYURA BonaParRTE

Oxyura Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 2, 1828, p. 390. Type, by monotypy, Anas rubidus Wilson.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 151-190.

Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli) Anas leucocephala Scopoli, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 65. (No type locality given, but probably from northern Italy.)

Breeds in the western half of the Mediterranean region, mouths of the Danube, southern Russia and thence east to Turkestan. Irregular migrant south to lower Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia and northern India.

Oxyura jamaicensis rubida (Wilson) Anas rubidus Wilson, Am. Orn., 8, 1814, p. 128, 180, pl. 71, fs. 5,6. (Dela- ware River.)

Breeds in North America from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg south to northern Lower California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin; casually east to Massachusetts and south to Central America. Winters on the Pacific coast of California and from the southern limit of breeding range to Mexico and the Gulf States; on the Atlantic coast from New York to Florida.

Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin) Anas jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 519. (Jamaica.)

Erismatura alleni Danforth, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 558. (Cartagena Lagoon, Porto Rico.)

Resident in the West Indies! (Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, the Grena- dines). Oxyura maccoa (Eyton)

Erismatura maccoa Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 169. (Indian Isles = South Africa.)

Eastern Africa from southern Ethiopia to Cape Province.

1 Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. (New York Acad. Sei.) 9, pt. 3, 1927, p. 314-317.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 185

Oxyura ferruginea (Eyton) | Erismatura ferruginea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 170. (Chile.) — Andean lakes of Peru and Bolivia.

-Oxyura vittata (R. A. Philippi)

Erismatura vittata R. A. Philippi, Arch. f. Naturg., 26, Band 1, 1860, p. 26. (Chile.)

Southern South America from northern Chile to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and to Chubut, Argentina. Oxyura australis Gould

Oxyura Australis Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1836, p. 85. (Swan River, West Australia.)

Oxyura australis victorie Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 87. (Vic- toria.)

Southern Australia and Tasmania.

Genus BIZIURA STEPHENS Biziura Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zodél., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 221. Type, by monotypy, Biziura novaehollandiae Stephens = Anas lobata Shaw. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 191-198.

~ Biziura lobata (Shaw)

Anas lobata Shaw, Nat. Misc., 8, 1796, pl. 255. (New South Wales = King George Sound, West Australia, fide Mathews, 1927.)

Biziura lobata westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 87. (West Australia. Type said to be from Herdsman’s Lake, southwest Aus- tralia.)

Biziura lobata menziesi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 90. (New South Wales.)

Southern Australia and Tasmania.

SUBFAMILY MERGINAE

Grnus MERGELLUS SeE.sy Mergellus Selby, Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Types Bds., 1840, p. 47. Type, by monotypy, Mergus albellus Linné. cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 229-240.

—Mergellus albellus (Linné)

Mergus Albvellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Mediterranean Sea near Smyrna.)

186 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from extreme northeastern Scandinavia across northern Russia and Siberia south to the lower Volga, Turkestan and the Amur. Winters on the coasts and lakes of Europe south to the Mediterranean; in Asia south to Persia, northern India, southern China and Japan.

Genus LOPHODYTES ReIcHENBACH

Lophodytes Reichenbach, Syst. Av. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. ix. Type, by original designation, Mergus cucullatus Linné.

cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 241-255.

Lophodytes cucullatus (Linné)

Mergus cucullatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (America = Virginia and Carolina.)

Breeds locally throughout the wooded regions of North America from British Columbia, central Alberta and Saskatchewan to Hudson and James Bays, thence southeastward to northern Maine, south to Oregon, Wyom- ing, Nebraska, Louisiana and Florida. Winters chiefly in the Pacific States, the region about Lake Michigan, the Gulf States and the Atlantic States from New York southward.

Grenus MERGUS LInNNE

Mergus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. Type, by subsequent designation, Mergus castor Linné = Mergus serrator Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 76.)

Prionochilus Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 8. Type, by monotypy, Prionochilus braziliensis Bertoni = Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot.

Promergus Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 410. Type, by original designation, Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1875-1381. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 256-302.

Mergus merganser merganser Linné

Mergus Merganser Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Iceland, Scotland, Scandinavia and across Russia and Siberia (north about to the Arctic Circle) to Kamchatka, the Kurile and Com- mander Islands; south to Denmark, southern Germany, Poland and cen- tral Russia, also in Switzerland and Rumania; southern limits in Asia not defined. Winters on coasts and rivers of Europe, south to the Mediter- ranean; Black and Caspian Seas; southern Asia to Mesopotamia, northern India, Assam, southern China and Japan.

ORDER ANSERIFORMES 187

~~ Mergus merganser orientalis Gould

Mergus Orientalis Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1845, p. 1. (Amoy, China.)

Breeds from Turkestan and the Altai east to western Kansu, south to Afghanistan and the Himalayas. Winters southward and eastward to Assam and Japan respectively, occurring together with the typical form.

~——- Mergus merganser americanus Cassin

Mergus americanus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, p. 187. (North America.)

Breeds from southeastern Alaska, Great Slave Lake, Churchill River, James Bay, Gaspé Peninsula and Newfoundland south to the northern tier of the United States; in the mountains south to California, New Mexico and formerly to Pennsylvania. Winters west of the Rocky Mountains from Vancouver to California; the Great Lakes, Mississippi Valley to the Gulf of Mexico and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Carolina.

~--- Mergus squamatus Gould Mergus squamatus Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1864, p. 184. (China.)

Recorded in summer from Copper Island and on the lower Amur River. Winters in China from western Szechuan to central Fukien and south to western Yunnan.

~---Mergus serrator Linné

Mergus Serrator Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Mergus serrator major Schigler, Dansk. Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925, p. 115. (West Greenland.!)

Breeds in Iceland, northern British Isles, Scandinavia, northern Russia and Siberia (north to the mouths of the large rivers) east to Kamchatka; south to Denmark, northern Germany, the lower Volga, Kirghiz Steppes, central Siberia, Transbaikalia, the Amur and Sakhalin; islands in Bering Sea. In North America from Alaska, the Mackenzie Delta, Great Slave Lake, Fort Churchill, central Labrador thence north to southern Baffin Island, south to the northern tier of the United States. Coasts of Greenland north to Upernavik on the west and Scoresby Sound on the east. Winters on the coasts and rivers of Europe south to the Mediterranean; in Asia to Syria, Sinai Peninsula, Persian Gulf and on the coasts of China and Japan south to Formosa. In North America winters chiefly on the Pacific coast of the United States, the Mississippi Valley, Gulf Coast and the Atlantic seaboard from New Brunswick to Florida; southern Greenland.

1 While this is quite possibly a valid race, it has not been currently recognized, and until it has been confirmed and its distribution worked out it is better to regard major as a synonym.

188 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 222. (Brazil.) Prionochilus braziliensis} Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 8. (Alto Parand, lat. 27°S.)

Southern Brazil in the States of Goyaz, Sao Paulo, Santa Catharina and Parand and also in Parand River drainage in eastern Paraguay and north- eastern Argentina (Misiones).

Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot. Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., (2), 16, 1841, p. 320. (Auckland Islands.)

Auckland Islands.

SusBraMILyY MERGANETTINAE Genus MERGANETTA GovLp

Merganetta Gould, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1841 (1842), p. 95. Type, by monotypy, Merganetta armata Gould.

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 4, 1927, p. 34-38. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 211-223. Merganetta armata colombiana Des Murs Merganetta Colombiana Des Murs, Rev. Zodl., 1845, p. 179. (No type locality given = Colombia by inference.) Andes of Venezuela, Colombia and northern Ecuador.

Merganetta armata leucogenis (Tschudi) Anas leucogenis Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Band 1, 1848, p. 390. (Andes of Peru.) Andes of central and southern Ecuador and of Peru (except the range occupied by turnert.) Merganetta armata turneri Sclater and Salvin Merganetta turneri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1869 (1870), p. 600. (Tinta, Peru.) Known only from Tinta, the Cuzcan Andes and Rio Victor (Dept. of Arequipa) Peru.

Merganetta armata garleppi Berlepsch Merganetta garleppi Berlepsch, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 110. (Cocotal, Bolivia.) Mountains of Bolivia. 1 This specific name was introduced independently by Bertoni, though

Vieillot had renamed his octosetaceus as brasilianus in 1825; a name later “emended”’ to brasiliensis by G. R. Gray.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 189

Merganetta armata berlepschi Hartert

Merganetta berlepschi Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 16, 1909, p. 244. (Near Tucu- man, 1800 met.)

Mountains of northwestern Argentina (in States of Salta and Tucumén).

~Merganetta armata armata Gould

Merganetta armata Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1841 (1842), p. 95. (Andes of Chile, lat. 34°-35°.)

Andes of central Chile and adjoining parts of western Argentina north to Mendoza, southern limit not known. Merganetta armata frenata Salvadori

Merganetta frenata Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 457 (in key), p. 458, pl. 5, f. 1. (Central Chile.)

Andes of central Chile south of the range of armata. Exact limits not known.

OrpDER FALCONIFORMES SUBORDER CATHARTAE

Famity CATHARTIDAE Genus VULTUR Linné

Vultur Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. Type, by subsequent designation, Vultur gryphus Linné. (Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24, 1907, p. 11.)!

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 2-4.

—/—-Vultur gryphus Linné Vultur Gryphus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 83. (Chile.)

Andes of western Venezuela and Colombia, south in the mountains to the Straits of Magellan; occurs also in Patagonia south of the Rio Negro.

Genus SARCORAMPHUS Dvumsmriu

Sarcoramphus Duméril, Zodlogie Analytique, 1806, p. 32. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Vultur papa Linné. (Vigors, Zoél. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 381, note, and p. 384.)

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 5-6.

1 In Science (N.S., 24, 1906, p. 775-776) J. A. Allen showed that the type of Vultur Linné should be V. gryphus, but also showed how that species might be the type of Sarcoramphus and Gryphus; the first valid designation appears to be that given above.

190 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

'-Sarcoramphus papa (Linné) Vultur Papa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. (‘India occiden- talis” = Surinam, designated by Berlepsch, Nov. Zodél., 15, 1908, p. 289.) Tropical Mexico south through Central and South America to northern Argentina. Genus CORAGYPS GEorrroy

Coragyps Geoffroy, in Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois., 1853, p. 66. Type, by monotypy, Vultur urubu Vieillot = Vultur atratus Bechstein.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 7-10.

Coragyps atratus atratus (Bechstein) Vultur atratus Bechstein, Latham, Allg. Uebers., Vogel, 1, 1793, ean, p. 655. (Florida, ex Bartram.) North America from Kansas, Illinois, Indiana and Maryland to the Gulf States and south through Mexico and Central America to Panama.

Coragyps atratus foetens (Lichtenstein) Cathartes foetens Lichtenstein, Verz. ausgest. Saug. und Vog., 1818, p. 30. (Paraguay.) South America; south to Chiloe Island on the west and to about lat. 40° on the east. Genus CATHARTES ItticEr

Cathartes Iliger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 236. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Vultur aura Linné. (Vigors, Zodél. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 384.)

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 11-18. Wetmore, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 88-90.

Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied Cathartes septentrionalis Wied, Reise Nord-Am., 1, 1839, p. 162. (Near New Harmony, Indiana.) North America from southern British Columbia, southwestern Ontario and the lower Hudson Valley (west side) south to Lower California and the tableland of Mexico.

~-Cathartes aura aura (Linné)

Vultur Aura Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. (“America cali- diore.’” Vera Cruz, Mexico, substituted by Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 124.)

Cathartes aura insularis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 3. (Cozumel Island.)

Central(?) Mexico to Panama; the Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. Intro-

duced into southwestern Porto Rico.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 191

-f-—- Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix

Cathartes ruficollis Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 2. (Interior of Bahia and Piauhy.)

Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil south to Paraguay (northern Argen- tina and Uruguay?)

Cathartes aura jota (Molina) Vultur Jota Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 265. (Chile, re- stricted to Concepcion by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 4.) Cathartes aura meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 3. (Co- lombia.) ?Cathartes occipitalis Stolazmann, Ann. Zodl. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 4, 1925, p. 319. (Huambo, 3700 feet, northeastern Peru.)

Western South America from Colombia to northern Chile and western Argentina.

Cathartes aura falklandica (Sharpe) Catharista falklandica Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873, p. 133. (Falkland Islands. Type from Berkeley Sound.)

Coasts of Chile from Concepcion to the Straits of Magellan; Falkland Islands.

~Cathartes urubitinga Pelzeln

Cathartes Urubitinga ‘‘Natterer,’”’ Pelzeln, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 44, 1861, p. 7. (Southern and central Brazil.)

Northeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil south to northern Argentina and Uruguay.

Genus GYMNOGYPS Lzsson

Gymnogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, p. 1037. Type, by monotypy, Vultur californianus Shaw.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 19-21.

-Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw)

Vultur californianus Shaw, Nat. Misc., 9, 1797, p. [1], pl. 301. (Coast of California.)

Western North America from the coast ranges of south central California to northern Lower California. Formerly north to the Columbia River.

Famity Ceratornithidae

192 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SUBORDER FALCONES SuPERFAMILY SAGITTARIOIDEA

Famity SAGITTARIIDAE Genus SAGITTARIUS Hermann

Sagittarius Hermann, Table Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 136, 235. Type, by monotypy, Sagittarius of Vosmaer = Falco serpentarius Miller. cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 46. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 63-65.

Sagittarius serpentarius (J. F. Miller) Falco serpentarius J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1779, pl. 28. (Cape of Good Hope.) Senegambia and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province.

SupERFAMILY FALCONOIDEA Famity ACCIPITRIDAE!

SuBFAMILY ELANINAE

Genus ELANUS Savieny

Elanus Savigny, Descr. Egypte, 1, 1809, p. 69, 97. Type, by monotypy, Elanus caesius Savigny = Falco caeruleus Desfontaines. cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1184-1185. MacGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 234-235. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 197-210. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 97-98. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 125-127.

| Elanus caeruleus caeruleus (Desfontaines)

Falco caeruleus Desfontaines, Hist. (Mém.) Acad. Paris, 1787 (1789), p. 503, pl. 15. (Algiers.)

All of Africa from Algeria and Egypt to Cape Province; Madagascar; occasional in southern Europe.

1 For remarks on the systematic position of many genera and species of hawks; tentative arrangement of the two families; characters separating the Accipitridae from the Falconidae and a classification of the Falconidae:

cf. Sushkin, Zo6l. Anz., 22, 1899, p. 500-518. Sushkin, Zoél. Anz., 23, 1900, p. 269-277; 522-528. Sushkin, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Moscou, 26, pt. 4, 1905, p. 1- 247, 4 pl.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 193

~~~ Elanus caeruleus vociferus (Latham)

Falco vociferus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 46. (India = Coromandel Coast, ex Sonnerat, apud Hartert.)

India south of the Himalayas, east to southern Yunnan, south to Ceylon, northern Tenasserim and Indo-China.

~——} Elanus caeruleus hypoleucus Gould

Elanus hypoleucus Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1859, p. 127. (Near Macassar, Celebes.)

Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands, Celebes; Sula Islands.

—f- Elanus notatus Gould

Elanus notatus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 1. (New South Wales.)

Elanus axillaris parryi Mathews, Nov. Zodél., 18, 1912, p. 251. (Parry’s Creek, northwest Australia.)

Australia.

t Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard

Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zodl. Cl., 7, 1920, p. 46. (San Rafael, California.)

Breeds locally in the United States from California to South Carolina south to northern Lower California, Texas and Florida. Winters south to Guatemala and British Honduras.

- Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot)

Milvus leucurus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 563. [ Wrongly printed as 556.] (Paraguay.)

South America from Venezuela to central Chile, Argentina (Cérdoba, Buenos Aires) and Uruguay.

—/ Elanus scriptus Gould

Elanus scriptus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 9, 1842, pl. [24.] (South Australia = Cooper’s Creek, according to Mathews.)

Elanus scriptus victorianus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 70. (Victoria. New name for the bird figured as Elanus scriptus, Bds. Austr., 5, pl. 250.)

Interior of Australia.

Genus CHELICTINIA Lesson

Chelictinia Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 10, 1843, col. 63. Type, by monotypy, Elanoides riocourii Vieillot.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 224-227.

194 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot)

Elanoides riocourt Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1822, accipitres, p. 43, pl. 16. (Senegal.)

Northern Africa from Senegal and Nigeria to the White Nile and Shoa.

Genus MACHAERHAMPHUS WEstTEeRMAN Machaerhamphus Westerman, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., 1, 1848, p. 29, pl. 12. Type, by monotypy, Machaerhamphus alcinus Westerman. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 169-170. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 233-235. Machaerhamphus alcinus alcinus Westerman

Machaerhamphus alcinus Westerman, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., 1, 1848, p. 29, pl. 12. (Malacca.)

Southern Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula; Malay Archipelago to New Guinea. Machaerhamphus alcinus anderssoni (Gurney)

Stringonyx anderssoni Gurney, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1865 (1866), p. 618. (Otjimbinque, Damaraland.)

Liberia, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Somaliland southward to Damara- land; Madagascar.

SUBFAMILY PERNINAE Genus ELANOIDES Vie1tuot Elanoides Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 24, 1818, p. 101. Type, by monotypy, Milan de la Caroline = Falco forficatus Linné. cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 237. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 95-97. | Elanoides forficatus forficatus (Linné)

Falco forficatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Carolina, ex Catesby.) Breeds locally from northern Minnesota, southern Indiana and South

Carolina to eastern Mexico. Winters south of the United States; area not known.

ep Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot)

Milvus yetapa Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 564. (Para- guay ex Azara.) [cf. also Tabl. Encye. Méth., 3, 1823, p. 1205.]

Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 195

Genus AVICEDA Swarnson

Aviceda Swainson, Classif. Bds., 1, 1836, p. 300 (diagnosis; no included species). Type, by subsequent designation, Aviceda cuculoides Swain- son, op. cit., 2, 1837, p. 214.

Nesobaza Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 213. Type, by original designation, Pernis madagascariensis A. Smith.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 220-222. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 211-220. (Subnom. Lophastur.) McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 236-238. Riley, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 64, art. 16, 1924, p. 41. Stresemann, Nov. Zodl., 20, 1913, p. 305-308. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 170-176; op. cit., 7, 1930, p. 427. (Subnom. Baza.)

Aviceda cuculoides cuculoides Swainson

Aviceda cuculcides Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 214. (Generic characters and fig. of head), Id. Bds. W. Afr., 1, 1837, p. 104, pl. 1. (Description, no type locality = West Africa.)

Baza emini Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 163, note. (S. W. of Albert Nyanza, lat. 1° N., long. 28°-30° E.)

Baza cuculoides batesi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 107. (River Ja, Cameroon.)

Forests of western and central Africa from Gambia to the Ituri district

and the Niam Niam country, south to Gaboon. ~—}— Aviceda cuculoides verreauxii Lafresnaye

Aviceda Verreauxii Lafresnaye, Rev. Zoél., 1846, p. 130. (Durban, Natal.)

East Africa from Mombasa south to Nyasaland, Rhodesia, Natal and the south coastland of Cape Province at Knysna.

~/— Aviceda madagascariensis (A. Smith)

Pernis Madagascariensis A. Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 285. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

= f Aviceda jerdoni jerdoni (Blyth)

Pernis Jerdonit Blyth, Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, 11, 1842, p. 464. (No type locality = Malacca.)

Sikkim to eastern Assam south to Burma, Malay Peninsula and Siam; Sumatra.

Aviceda jerdoni ceylonensis (Legge)

Baza ceylonensis Legge, Str. Feath., 4, 1876, p. 247. (Near Kandy, Ceylon.)

Travancore and Ceylon.

196 CHECK~—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aviceda jerdoni borneensis (Sharpe) Baza borneensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1893, p. 557. (Ez Briiggemann, Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, 5, 1876, p. 47, nomen nudum, Pontianate, Borneo.) Borneo.

Aviceda jerdoni magnirostris (Kaup)

Hyptiopus magnirostris ‘‘G. Gray”’ Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 343. (Ez Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 19, nomen nudum, Philippine Islands = Luzon, fide Sharpe, Ibis, 1893, p. 555.)

Luzon and Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Aviceda jerdoni leucopias (Sharpe) Baza leucopias Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 195. (Palawan.) Romblon, Samar and Palawan, Philippine Islands.

Aviceda jerdoni celebensis (Schlegel) Baza celebensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Rev. Ois. de Proie, 1873, p. 135. (Celebes and Sula Islands.) Celebes and Sula Islands.

Aviceda subcristata timorlaoénsis (A. B. Meyer) Baza timorlaoénsis A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Zodl. Mus. Dresden, 4, 1892- 1893 (1893), no. 3, p. 5. (Timorlaut.) Islands from Lombok east to Timorlaut including, probably, Djampea, Bonerate and Kalidupa.

Aviceda subcristata pallida (Stresemann) Baza subcristata pallida Stresemann, Nov. Zoél., 20, 1913, p. 305 (in key), p. 306. (Tual, Kei Islands.) South-East and Kei Islands.

Aviceda subcristata rufa (Schlegel) Baza rufa Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., Valkvog., 1866, p. 41, 78, pl. 27, f. 4; pl. 28, f. 1-3. (Halmshera, Morotai, Batjan, Ternate, Tidore.) Northern Moluccas.

Aviceda subcristata stresemanni (Siebers) Baza stresemanni Siebers, Treubia, 7, 1930, Suppl. p. 248. (Nal’Besi, Buru.) Buru.

Aviceda subcristata reinwardtii (Miller and Schlegel)

Falco (Lophotes) Reinwardtii Miller and Schlegel, Verh. Ned. Overz. Bezitt. Zodl. Aves., 1843, p. 35, f.2. (Celebes, Borneo, error = Ceram, substituted by Berlepsch, Abh. Senckb. Nat. Ges., 34, 1911, p. 81.)

Southern Moluccas (Ceram, Amboina); Misol, Salawatti, Waigiu,

New Guinea.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 197

—+ ?Aviceda subcristata stenozona (G. R. Gray) Baza stenozona G. R. Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1858, p. 169. (Aru Islands.) Aru Islands. (Doubtfully distinct from reinwardtii.)

Aviceda subcristata megala (Stresemann) Baza subcristata megala Stresemann, Nov. Zodl., 20, 1913, p. 305 (in key), p. 307. (Fergusson Island.) Fergusson and probably other islands in the D’Entrecasteaux Group.

Aviceda subcristata bismarckii (Sharpe)

Baza bismarckii Sharpe, in Gould, Bds. New Guinea, pt. 25, 1888, text to plate labelled Baza gurneyi. (New Britain and New Ireland. Type from New Britain figured as Baza gurneyi.)

Bismarck Archipelago (New Hanover, New Ireland, New Britain).

=o Aviceda subcristata gurneyi (Ramsay) Baza Gurneyi Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1882, p. 130. (Ugi Island, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands.

Aviceda subcristata queenslandica (Mathews) Baza subcristata queenslandica Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 251. (Mackay, Queensland.) Lophastur subcristatus kempi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 220. (Skull Creek, Cape York.) Northwest Australia to northern Queensland.

—j~ Aviceda subcristata subcristata (Gould) Lepidogenys subcristatus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pl. [46] and text. (New South Wales.) Southern Queensland and New South Wales.

—}— Aviceda leuphotes leuphotes (Dumont) Falco leuphotes Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., 16, 1820, p. 217. (Pondi- cherry.) Nepal, Terai, Sikkim and eastern Bengal to eastern Assam (north of the Brahmapootra); Travancore, Ceylon.

—t~ Aviceda leuphotes burmana (W. L. Sclater) Baza lophotes burmana W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 31. (Malewoon, Patchan Estuary, Tenasserim.) Baza lophotes melli Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 71, 1923, p. 525. (Tso- gok-wahn, Kwangtung.) Assam (south of the Brahmapootra) east to Indo-China and south to northern Malay Peninsula and Siam; mountains of Kwangtung.

198 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus HENICOPERNIS G. R. Gray

Henicopernis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1859, p. 153. Type, by monotypy, Astur longicauda Lesson = Falco longicauda Garnot.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodél., 33, 1926, p. 126-127.

1 Henicopernis longicauda longicauda (Garnot)

Falco longicauda Garnot, Voy. ‘Coquille’, livr. 7, 1828, pl. 10; livr. 12, 1829, p. 588. (Dorey, Dutch New Guinea.)

Waigiu, Salawatti, Mysol, Misori, New Guinea, Aru Islands.

Henicopernis longicauda infuscata Gurney Henicopernis infuscata Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 128. (Blanche Bay, New Britain.) New Britain. Genus PERNIS Cuvier

Pernis Cuvier, Régne Animal, 1, 1817 (1816), p.322. Type, by monotypy, Falco apivorus Linné. cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1181-1184. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 235-236. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 94-95. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 165-169.

|~ Pernis apivorus apivorus (Linné) Falco apivorus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe = Sweden apud Hartert.) Breeds in Europe from Norway, Sweden and Lapland south to Spain, northern Italy and Greece, east to western Siberia. Winters in Africa south to Natal.

| Pernis apivorus orientalis Taczanowski

Pernis apivorus orientalis Taczanowski, Fauna Orn. Sib.-Orient., pt. 1, — 1891, p. 50 (in Mém Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., (7), 39. Eastern Siberia.)

Pernis apivorus japonicus Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 37, 1925, p. 223 (Japanese text), p. 225 (English text). (Province of Shinano, Hondo, Japan.)

Breeds in southern Siberia from southwestern Altai to the Amur region;

also the mountains of Hondo; probably in Manchuria and northern China. South in winter to northern India, Burma and southern China.

| - Pernis apivorus ruficollis Lesson

Pernis ruficollis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 77. (‘‘Patrie in- connue” = Bengal.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 199

India from the Punjab to Ceylon; Bengal and Assam (probably south- western Yunnan) east to Tonkin and Laos. — - Pernis apivorus ptilorhyncus (Temminck)

Falco ptilorhyncus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 8, 1821, pl. 44. (Java and Sumatra.)

Malay Peninsula, peninsular Siam; Java, Sumatra and Borneo.

7 ip -Pernis apivorus celebensis Walden Pernis celebensis Walden, Trans. Zoél. Soc. London, 8, 1872, p. 111. (Celebes.) Pernis celebensis steerei Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 41. (San Antonio, Negros, Philippines.) Philippine Islands and Celebes.

GENus ODONTRIORCHIS Kavup

Odontriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. und Vég., 1844, p. 124. Type, by monotypy, cayennensis = Falco cayennensis Gmelin, p. 269. (Not of p. 263) = Falco palliatus Temminck.

Micraétus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 156. Type, by monotypy, Micraétus holmbergianus Bertoni = Falco palliatus Tem- minck.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zodl. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 456-457.

—}— Odontriorchis palliatus (Temminck)

Falco palliatus ‘‘P. Max.” Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 23, 1822, pl. 204. (Brazil and Guiana = Rio Peruhype, southern Bahia, accepted by Hellmayr as type locality.)

Micraétus Holmbergianus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 156. (Banks of the Alto Parand, lat. 25° 47’ S., Paraguay.)

Odontriorchis palliatus guianensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159. (Near Paramaribo, Surinam.)

Odontriorchis palliatus mexicanus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159. (Tampico, Mexico.)

Tropical Mexico south through Central and South America (including Island of Trinidad) to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil. Odontriorchis forbesi Swann Odontriorchis forbesi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159. (Pernam- buco, Brazil.) Unique. 1 Hellmayr, loc. cit., casts doubt upon the validity of this species, but W. L.

Sclater in litt., informs me that he does not believe that forbest can possibly be identical with palliatus.

200 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus CHONDROHIERAX Lesson

Chondrohierax Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, (2), 7, 1843, col. 61. Type, by monotypy, Daedalion erythrofrons Lesson = Falco uncinatus Daudin.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 267-269. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 101-103. Chondrohierax megarhynchus (Des Murs)

Regerhinus Cymindis Megarhynchus “‘Kaup,’’ Des Murs in Castelnau, Voyage, 1, 1855, Ois., p. 9, pl. 1. (Sarayacu, Ecuador?). Andes of Venezuela; eastern Ecuador; eastern Peru; Bolivia.

Chondrohierax uncinatus (Temminck)

Falco uncinatus ‘ Mliger” Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 18, 1822, pl. 103, 104, 115. (‘‘Vicinity of Rio to the north of Brazil and all of Guiana.”’)

Tropical Mexico, through Central and South America to northern Ar- gentina; Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. Chondrohierax wilsonii (Cassin)

Cymindis Wilsonii Cassin, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., n. s., 1, 1847, p. 21, pl. 7. (Near Gibara, Cuba.)

Island of Cuba.

SuBFAMILY MILVINAE

Genus HARPAGUS Vicors Harpagus Vigors, Zoél. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 338. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco bidentatus Latham. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 4.)

cf. Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 6, 1910, p. 469. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 272-274.

Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence

Harpagus fasciatus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 429. (Guatemala.)

Southern Mexico to Panama.

Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham) Falco bidentatus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 38. (Cayenne.)

Colombia to the Guianas, south to Peru, eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso and northern Maranh§o.

1 The birds recorded as Chondrohierax megarhynchus by Dabbene (Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 391-394) from Tucumén appear to belong to uncinatus.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 201

~-{-- Harpagus diodon (Temminck)

Falco diodon Temminck, PI. col., livr. 34, 1823, pl. 198.- (Brazil = Rio Peruhype, near Villa Vicosa, southern Bahia.')

Gampsonyx ranivorus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 165. (Alto Parand, lat. 25° 40’, Paraguay.)

Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul.

Genus ICTINIA VirILLot Ictinia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, Milan-Cres- serelle Vieillot = Falco plumbeus Gmelin. cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 103-105.

~~{~ Ictinia misisippiensis (Wilson) Falco misisippiensis Wilson, Am. Orn., 3, 1811, p. 80, pl. 25, f. 1. (Below Natchez, Mississippi.)

Breeds (formerly at least) from northeastern Kansas, southern Indiana and South Carolina to Texas and Florida. Winters in Florida and southern Texas, occasionally south to Guatemala.

—- Ictinia plumbea (Gmelin)

Falco plumbeus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 283. (Cayenne, ex Latham.)

Ictinia plumbea vagans Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25, 1921, p. 5. (Pefia Blanca, Nicaragua.)

Tropical Central and South America from southern Mexico to Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil.

Genus ROSTRHAMUS Lesson Rostrhamus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 55. Type, by mono- ° typy, Rostrhamus niger Lesson = Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot. Cymindes ‘‘Spix”’ Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 79. Type, by monotypy, Cymindis leucopygus Spix = Herpetotheres socia- bilis Vieillot. cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 183, 1926, p. 106-107. ra f ~ Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway

Rostrhamus sociabilis var. plumbeus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 208 (in key), p. 209. (Ever- glades of Florida.)

Breeds locally in tropical Florida, Cuba, Isle of Pines, eastern Mexico to Costa Rica.

1 Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 112.

}

202 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis (Vieillot) Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 18, 1817, p. 318. (Corrientes and Rio de la Plata.) Rostrihamus (sic) tenuirostris Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 171. (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Paran4, lat. 25° 40’, Paraguay.)

Eastern Panama over South America to northern (Tucumé4n) and east- ern (Buenos Aires) Argentina and Uruguay.

Genus HELICOLESTES Banes ano PENARD

Helvcolestes Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, 1918, p. 38. Type, by original designation, Falco hamatus ‘‘Illiger” = Temminck.

cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., Kl]. 2, 23, 1906, p. 569.

Helicolestes hamatus (Temminck)

Falco hamatus “liger’” Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 11, 1821, pl. 61. (Brazil.)

Northern South America from Surinam to eastern Peru and the lower Amazon.

Genus MILVUS LacépEpr

Milvus Lacépéde, Table Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by tautonymy, Falco milvus Linné. cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1166-1175. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 170-180. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 120-125.

Milvus milvus milvus (Linné)

Falco Milvus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe, Asia, Africa, restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Milvus milvus harterti Bédé, Mém. Soe. Sci. Nat. Morocco, no. 16, 1926 (= May, 1927), p. 36. (Ain-Leuh, Middle Atlas, Morocco.)

Breeds in England (locally), Scandinavia north to lat. 61°, east to Russia, south to northwestern Africa, Asia Minor and Palestine; Canary Islands. Migratory in the northern part of its range, but not crossing the Sahara.

Milvus milvus fasciicauda Hartert

Milvus milvus fasciicauda Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1914, p. 89. (Santo Antéo, Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands.

Milvus migrans migrans (Boddaert)

Falco migrans Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 28. (Restricted type locality, France, apud Hartert, ex Daubenton, pl. 472.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 203

Milvus korschun reichenowt Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 192. (Sidi Ali-ben-Aoun, southern Tunis.)

Milvus korschun rufiventer, Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908. (Transcau- casia and Transcaspia.)

Breeds from Spain, southern France, Germany and Finland south to northwestern Africa, southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, Kirghiz Steppes, and northeastern Baluchistan. Winters in northern Africa.!

Milvus migrans egyptius (Gmelin) Falco egyptius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 261. (Egypt.) Egypt.

Milvus migrans parasitus (Daudin)

Falco parasitus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 150. (South Africa, ex Levaillant.)

Africa south of the Sahara (including Ethiopia); Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Milvus migrans arabicus Swann

Milvus migrans arabicus Swann, Synop. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 153. (Lahy, southern Arabia.)

Southern Arabia and Somaliland. ;

Milvus migrans govinda Sykes

Milvus Govinda Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zoél. Soc. London, 1832, p. 81. (Deccan.)

All of India, Burma and Ceylon, rarely to the Malay Peninsula.

Milvus migrans affinis Gould Milvus affinis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pl. [47, f. 1] and text. (Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews, antea, p. 171.) Milvus korschun napieri Mathews, Nov. Zoél., 18, 1912, p. 249. (Napier Broome Bay, northwest Australia.)

Lesser Sunda Islands, Timor, Celebes, New Guinea, Bismarck Archi- pelago, Australia.

~ Milvus lineatus lineatus (J. E. Gray)

Halietus lineatus J. HK. Gray, in Hardwicke, Ill. Ind. Zodl., 1, pt. 8, 1831, p. 1, pl. 18. (China.)

Milvus melanotis ferghanensis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908. (Ferghana.)

Breeds in western Siberia from about lat. 58° N. east to Transbaikalia

and Japan, south to Transcaspia, Turkestan, the Himalayas and northern

1 Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 58, says, “of doubtful occurrence in the Ethiopian region, . . .”

f

204 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

China. Winters south to northern India, Burma and Indo-China and Hainan.

Milvus lineatus formosanus Kuroda

Milvus lineatus formosanus Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 32, 1920, p. 243, (Japanese text), p. 245 (English text), (Gyochi, Nanté District, Central Formosa.)

Believed to be resident on Formosa.

Genus LOPHOICTINIA Kavup

Lophoictinia Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 118. Type, by monotypy, Milvus isurus Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 181-186.

Lophoictinia isura (Gould) Milvus isurus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pl. [47, f. 2] and text. (Australia = New South Wales, fide Mathews antea, p. 182.) Milvus isura westraliensis Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 250. (Perth, Southwest Australia.) Australia.

Genus HAMIROSTRA Brown

Hamirostra Brown, Ill. Gen. Bds., pt. 8, 1846, p. 12. Type, by monotypy, Hamirostra montana Brown = Buteo melanosternon Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 187-196.

Hamirostra melanosternon (Gould)

Buteo melanosternon Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 162. (Interior of New South Wales.)

Gypoictinia melanosterna decepta Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 250. (Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia.)

Interior of Australia.

Genus HALIASTUR SELBY

Haliastur Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, 1840, p. 2 (note), p. 3. Type, by original designation, Hal. pondicerianus = Falco indus Bod- daert.

Ictiniastur Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 146. Type, by original designation, Milvus sphenurus Vieillot. (Originally proposed as a sub- genus.)

cf. Hartert, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 364, 1929, p. 2. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915-1916, p. 145-169. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas, 1, 1927, p. 255-256. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 118-120.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 205

~—/— Haliastur indus indus (Boddaert) Falco Indus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 25. (Pondicherry, ex Daubenton, pl. 416 and Buffon, 1, p. 490.) India and Burma east to southern China, south to Ceylon, Tenasserim, northern Siam and central Annam.

~—j- Haliastur indus intermedius Blyth Haliastur intermedius Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 28. (Java.) Malay Peninsula, southern Siam and southern Annam southward; Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, east to Celebes 1 and the Lesser Sunda Islands.

—-}- Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot)

Haliaetus girrenera Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1822, p. 31, pl. 10. (India, Ben- gal, Pondicherry, Coromandel and Malabar, also New Holland accord- ing to Latham. Restricted type locality, New South Wales [the plate represents the Australian form]).

Haliastur indus subleucosternus Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 249. (Derby, northwest Australia.)

The Moluccas, New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands,

Australia.?

—+f- Haliastur sphenurus sphenurus (Vieillot) Milvus sphenurus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 564. (Australia = New South Wales.) Haliastur sphenurus territori Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 88. (Northern Territory; type said to be from Mary River.) New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia and Tasmania.

~-—— Haliastur sphenurus johannae Brasil Haliastur sphenurus johannae Brasil, Rev. Frang. d’ Orn., 4, 7 Jan. 1916, p- 201. (New Caledonia.) Haliastur sphenurus sarasint Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 29 Feb. 1916, p. 169. (New Caledonia.) New Caledonia.

SuspramMity ACCIPITRINAE

Genus ACCIPITER? Brisson

Accipiter Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28, 310. Type, by tautonymy, Ac- cipiter Brisson = Falco nisus Linné.

1 Haliastui ambiguus Briiggemann is a synonym of intermedius; Haliacétus leucosternus Gould, one of girrenera.

2 I entirely agree with Hartert and Stresemann in uniting Astur with Ac- cipiter. There is no line which can be drawn between the two groups. Foot

206 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paraspizias Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 74. Type, by original designation, Sparvius cirrhocephalus Vieillot.

Aerospiza Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by orig- inal designation, Falco tachiro Daudin.

Neonisus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by original designation, Accipiter melanoleucus A. Smith.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1145-1163. Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 32, 1925, p. 267-270. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 35-83. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 238-248. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 67-71. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 485-437; 442-446. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 319-323. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 6-7. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 73-76. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 156-164. Stuart Baker, op. cit., 7, 1930, p. 421-425. Sushkin, Proce. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1928, p. 1-32. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 176-196. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 4, 1925, p. 197-276. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 277-337.

Accipiter gentilis gentilis (Linné) Falco gentilis, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Dalecarlian Alps, Sweden.)

Scandinavian Peninsula, Latvia and western Russia (Provs. of Vitebsk and Minsk).

Accipiter gentilis gallinarum (C. L. Brehm) Astur gallinarum C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, p. 83. (Coniferous Forests of Germany.)

Western and central Europe east to Russia (Provs. of Grodno and Poltava).

Accipiter gentilis arrigonii (Kleinschmidt)

Astur gentilis arrigonit Kleinschmidt, Orn. Monatsb., 9, 1903, p. 152. (Sardinia.)

Corsica and Sardinia.

structure, the chief character which has been used to differentiate the two genera, shows every possible variation between the “‘ Asturs’”’ with the shorter middle toe and the “ Accipiters’’ in which the middle toe is very long and slender.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 207

—- Accipiter gentilis marginatus (Piller and Mitterspacher)

Falco marginatus Piller and Mitterspacher, Iter per Poseg. Sclavon., 1783, p. 28. (Vukovar, Slavonia.)

Astur gentilis balcanicus Lonnberg, Journ. f. Orn., 78, 1925, p. 105. (Southeastern Europe.)

Western half of Jugo-Slavia and northern Albania.

—-}— Accipiter gentilis moscoviae (Sushkin) Astur gentilis moscoviae Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1928, p- 8. (Dist. of Mikhailov, Prov. of Riazan, central Russia.)

Central and part of northwestern European Russia from Leningrad and Lake Onega south to Kharkov and Voronezh, east to Kazan and Simbirsk.

--/— Accipiter gentilis buteoides (Menzbier)

Astur palumbarius buteoides Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Eur. Russl. (in, Mém. Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 489. (Near Vladimir, central Russia.)

Astur gentilis poecilopterus Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1922, p. 228. (Lodma and North Dvina, Prov. Arkhangelsk, Russia.) (Also de- scribed as a new subspecies in Ibis, 1923, p. 215, northern Russia.)

Northeastern Russia and western Siberia from the lower Dvina (possibly Kola Peninsula and Ufa) east probably to the Yenessei.

--/— Accipiter gentilis caucasicus Kleinschmidt Accipiter Palumbarius caucasicus Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1923, p. 5; pl. 9, f. 5; pl. 12, f. 5. (Caucasus.)

Crimean Peninsula, Caucasus, Transcaucasia and probably also north- western Persia.

ws Accipiter gentilis albidus (Menzbier)

Astur palumbarius albidus Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Eur. Russl. (in, Mém. Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou, Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 488. (East Siberia, Amurland and Kamchatka, ex Pallas, Schrenck.)

Astur caesius Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 1907, no. 7. Also described under the same name in Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 80. (Sredue-Kolymsk, east Siberia.)

Northeast Siberia east of the Yana River; Kamchatka. Southern limits

of range not known.

/ Accipiter gentilis schvedowi (Menzbier)

Astur palumbarius Schvedowt Menzbier, Orn. Geogr., Eur. Russl. (in, Mém. Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou, Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 489. (Trans- baikalia.)

Central Asia from Barnaul and Krasnoyarsk to Yakutsk and the Aldan

River, south to the Tian Shan and Altai Mountains and the Amur River.

208 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-. Accipiter gentilis khamensis (Bianchi)

Astur palumbarius khamensis Bianchi, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 70. (Kham, southeastern Tibet, type from Lun-tok-ndo, north of Chando, headwaters of the Mekong, according to Sushkin supra.)

Southeast-Central Asia, in southwestern Kansu, southeastern Tibet,

Szetchuan, perhaps northern Yunnan.

Accipiter gentilis fujiyamz (Swann and Hartert) Astur gentilis fujiyame Swann and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1923, p. 170. (Sagami-no-kuni, Japan.)

Japan and Sakhalin.

Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (Wilson) Falco atricapillus Wilson, Am. Orn., 6, 1812, p. 80, pl. 52, f. 3. (Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) Northwestern Alaska to northern Ungava, south to Michigan, Maine and New Brunswick. South in the mountains to New Mexico and Pennsyl- vania. Irregularly in winter south to northern Mexico, Texas, Missouri

and Virginia.

Accipiter gentilis striatulus (Ridgway)

Astur atricapillus var. striatulus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 238, 239, 240. (Colorado, “Fort Benton on the Missouri,” “‘ Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound.”’)

Breeds in the Boreal Zone of the Pacific coast region from Cook Inlet to

California, Arizona, New Mexico and Chihuahua.

Accipiter henstii (Schlegel) Astur henstii Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1873, Rev. Ois. de Proie, p. 62. (Morondava, southwestern Madagascar.) Madagascar.

Accipiter meyerianus (Sharpe)

Astur Meyerianus Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1878, p. 458. (Ansus, Island of Jobi.)

Astur planes Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 58, 1910, p. 412. (Island of Vuatom, off the north coast of New Britain. Error, type is from the Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.) = imm. 92

Accipiter planes manehi Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 30, 1922, p. 110. (Illo-Illo, Ceram) = imm. ¢

Ceram, Ceramlaut, Gilolo, Jobi, New Britain, Solomon Islands.

Accipiter biirgersi (Reichenow) Astur birgersi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 22, Feb. 1914, p. 29. (Ma- anderberg, Sepik River region, New Guinea) = ad.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 209

Accipiter (Astur) eudiabolus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, Nov. 1914, p. 8. (Babooni, 3000 feet, British New Guinea) = ad. melanistic.

Mountains of eastern New Guinea.

— (EELS melanoleucus temminckii (Hartlaub)

Astur Temminckii Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 353. (Rio Bountry, Gold Coast.)

West coast of Africa from Cape Verde south to Gaboon.

—- Accipiter melanoleucus melanoleucus A. Smith

Accipiter melanoleucus A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 229. (Baviaans River, Cape Province.)

Eastern Africa from Ethiopia to Cape Province.

—}- Accipiter tachiro macrocelides (Hartlaub)

Astur macrocelides ‘‘Temm.” Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 354: (Gold Coast.)

Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria.

Accipiter tachiro unduliventer (Riippell)

Falco (Astur) unduliventer Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1836, p. 40, pl. 18, f. 1. (Simien, Ethiopia.)

Ethiopia and Shoa.

—~}- Accipiter tachiro sparsimfasciatus (Reichenow)

Astur sparsimfasciatus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895, p. 97. (Zan- zibar.)

Astur tachiro nyansae Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 138. (Vic- toria Nyanza.)

Astur tachiro aceletus Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 28, 1905, p. 829. (Taveta, Kenya Colony.)

Astur tachiro orienticola Oberholser, Ann. Carn. Mus., 3, 1906, p. 495. (Mombasa, Kenya Colony.)

Astur tachiro tenebrosus Lénnberg, Ark. f. Zodl., 11, no. 5, 1917, p. 2. (Londiani, Kenya Colony.)

Astur tachiro benguellensis Swann, Syn. List. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 34. (Kabisombo, River Quilengo, Benguella.)

Uganda and Kenya Colony to Angola and Mashonaland. —~f-- Accipiter tachiro tachiro (Daudin)

Falco tachiro Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 90. (Antiniquoi County = Knysna, Cape Province.)

Eastern Transvaal and Natal to Cape Province.

210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-—~Accipiter tachiro toussenelii (J. and E. Verreaux)

Nisus Toussenelit J. and E. Verreaux, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 101. (Gaboon.)

Cameroon to Gaboon.

Accipiter tachiro canescens (Chapin) Astur toussenellit (sic) canescens Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 7, 1921, p. 1. (Medje, northern Ituri district, Belgian Congo.)

Forested regions of the Belgian Congo.

Accipiter tachiro lopezi (Alexander) Astur lopezi Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903, p. 49. (Moka, Fernando Po.)

Island of Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea.

Accipiter castanilius Bonaparte Accipiter castanilius Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zodl., 1853, p. 578. (South America. Error = Gaboon.) Accipiter beniensis Lonnberg, Ark. f. Zoél., 10, no. 24, 1917, p. 13. (Beni, eastern Congo.) k Cameroon to Portuguese Congo, east to the Ituri district of the Belgian Congo. Accipiter trinotatus Bonaparte Accipiter trinotatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 33. (Celebes.) Spilospizias trinotatus haesitandus Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 3, 1896, p. 162. (Southern Celebes. Type from Tasoso, Bonthain Peak, 6000 feet.) Celebes.

Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov)

Astur brevipes Severtzov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 23, no. 3, 1850, p. 234, pl. 1-3. (Gouvernment Voronesh.) (Owing to an error in pagination of pt. 3, pp. 241-352 were numbered 173-284, conse- quently there are two p. 234’s. The reference cited applies to the first p. 234.)

Astur graecus Madardsz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 65. (Greece.)

Breeds from southern Russia to Jugo-Slavia, Greece, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. Winters in Syria and from the southern shores of the Caspian Sea to southwestern Persia.

Accipiter badius sphenurus Riippell

Falco (Nisus) sphenurus Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1836, p. 42. (Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)

Astur riggenbachi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 69. (Gas- sam, east of Thiés, Senegal.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q11

Astur sphenurus obscurior Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 64, 1916, p. 161. (Bossum, Uam River, northeastern Cameroon.)

Senegal, Gold Coast and southern Nigeria east to Eritrea and south- western Arabia, south to Cameroon, Uganda and Kenya Colony. oa Accipiter badius polyzonoides A. Smith

Accipiter polyzonoides A. Smith, Ill. Zoél. 8. Afr. Aves, 1838, pl. 11. (South Africa north of lat. 26°S. = Mafeking, Transvaal.)

Africa from Tanganyika Territory, northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland south to the Orange River. —/— Accipiter badius chorassanicus (Heptner and Stachanov)

Astur badius chorassanicus Heptner and Stachanov, Journ. f. Orn., 78, 1930, p. 514. (Machtum-Kala, 13 km. west of Askhabad, Trans- caspia.)

Transcaspia and northern Persia; Baluchistan(?).

a | ~ Accipiter badius cenchroides (Severtzov)

Astur cenchroides Severtzov, Bull. Imp. Soc. Friends Nat. Sci. Anthr. and Ethnogr. Moscou, 8, pt. 2, 1873, p. 113. (Aulje-ata and Chimkent, Russian Turkestan; restricted to the lower Syr-Darja by Heptner and Stachanov.)

Breeds in the Syr-Darja Valley, western Tian-Shan and Ferghana. Winters in Sind and the Punjab. ~}— Accipiter badius dussumieri (Temminck)

Falco dussumiert Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 52, 1824, text to pl. 308 (adult), pl. 336 (mmature). (India, type from Bengal.)

India from Kashmir to Sikkim and Bengal, south to Travancore.

—-(Accipiter badius badius (Gmelin) Falco badius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 280. (Ceylon.) Astur insularis Madardsz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 65. (Ceylon.) Travancore and Ceylon.

—- Accipiter badius poliopsis (Hume)

Micronisus poliopsis Hume, Str. Feath., 2, 1874, p. 325. (Northern Pegu.)

Southern Assam to Tenasserim.

~—}—Accipiter badius klossi Swann ! Astur badius klossi Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 4, 1925, p. 217. (Daban, southern Annam.)

1 Regarded as indistinguishable from poliopsis by Stuart Baker.

212 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southern China from the Burma border (and Shan States?) east to Kwangsi and Hainan, south to the northern Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cambodia.

Accipiter butleri butleri (Gurney)

Astur butleri Gurney, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 27. (Car Nicobar Island.)

Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands.

Accipiter butleri obsoletus (Richmond)

Astur obsoletus Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 306. (Katchal Island.)

Katchal Island, South Nicobar Islands.

Accipiter soloénsis (Horsfield)

Falco Soloénsis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, 1821, p. 137. (Java.)

Breeds from northern China and Korea south to Kwangtung and For- mosa(?). In winter to the Malay Peninsula and the East Indies to Waigiu.

Accipiter novehollandiz sumbaénsis (A. B. Meyer)

Urospizias sumbaénsis A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 4, pt. 3, 1893, p. 7. (Sumba Island.)

Sumba Island.

Accipiter novehollandie sylvestris Wallace

Accipiter sylvestris Wallace, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1863 (1864), p. 487. (Flores Island.)

Islands of Flores, Sumbawa, Pantar and Alor.

Accipiter novehollandiz polionotus (Salvadori)

Urospizias polionotus Salvadori, Mem. Accad. Torino (2), 40, 1890, p. 147. (Timorlaut.)

Islands of Banda, Babber, Dammer and Timorlaut.

Accipiter novehollandie albiventris (Salvadori)

Urospizias albiventris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 982. (Great Kei Island and Kei Bandan.)

Kei Islands.

Accipiter novehollandize obiensis (Hartert) Astur griseogularis obiensis Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 10, 1903, p. 3. (Obi Major.) Island of Obi Major.

|

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 213

Accipiter novehollandie griseogularis (G. R. Gray)

Astur griseogularis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1860, p. 348. (Batchian, Gilolo and Ternate.)

Islands of Tidore, Ternate, Halmahera, Batjan and Gebe.

Accipiter novehollandie mortyi Hartert Accipiter fasciatus mortyi Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 32, 1925, p. 269. (Morty Island.) Island of Morotai (or Morty).

Accipiter novehollandie hiogaster (S. Miller)

Falco hiogaster S. Miiller, Verh. nat. ges. Nederl. Land-en Volkenk., 1841, p. 110, note. (Amboina.)

Islands of Ceram and Amboina.

Accipiter novehollandie pallidiceps (Salvadori) Urospizias pallidiceps Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p. 474. (Buru.) Island of Buru.

Accipiter novehollandie leucosomus (Sharpe)

Astur novehollandie leucosomus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 94 (in key), p. 119. (‘‘New Guinea and adjacent islands” ex Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., 1866, p. 19, 58, pl. 11, f. 3.)

Islands of Salawatti, Jobi and Mafor; New Guinea, D’Entrecasteaux Islands and Louisiade Archipelago; Waigiu(?) Aru Islands(?) Accipiter novehollandie# misoriensis (Salvadori)

Urospizias misoriensis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 904. (Korido, Misori Island.)

Island of Misori.

Accipiter novehollandiz dampieri (Gurney) Urospizias dampieri Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 453. (New Britain.) Bismarck Archipelago.

Accipiter novehollandie rooki Rothschild and Hartert

Accipiter hiogaster rooki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 21, 1914, p. 288. (Rook Island.)

Rook Island (between New Guinea and New Britain).

Accipiter novehollandie bougainvillei (Rothschild and Hartert)

Astur etorques bougainvillei Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 12, 1905, p. 250. (Bougainville Island.)

Bougainville and Fauro Islands.

Q14 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Accipiter novehollandiz rufoschistaceus (Rothschild and Hartert)

Astur rufoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodél., 9, 1902, p. 590. (Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.)

Ysabel, Choiseul and Treasury Islands.

Accipiter novehollandiz pulchellus (Ramsay)

Astur pulchellus Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1881, p. 131. Sart Pitt, Solomon Islands, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, t. 1, 1879, p. 66.)

a a and Florida Islands.

Accipiter novehollandiz rubianae (Rothschild and Hartert)

Astur etorques rubianae Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 12, 1905, p. 250. (Solomon Islands, type from Gizo.)

Islands of New Georgia, Rendova, Gizo and Vella Lavella.

Accipiter novehollandiz cooktowni (Mathews) Astur clarus cooktowni Mathews, Nov. Zoél., 18, 1912, p. 245. (Cook- town, north Queensland.)

Astur novaehollandiae alboides Mathews, Nov. Zodél., 18, 1912, p. 246. (Parry’s Creek, northwest Australia.)

Astur clarus robustus Zietz, South Austr. Orn., 1, 1914, p. 13. (Melville Island.)

Northern Australia.

Accipiter novehollandie novehollandie (Gmelin)

Falco nove-Hollandie Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 264. ie South Wales ex Latham = Tasmania Age ‘Mathews )

Southern Australia and Tasmania.!

Accipiter eichhorni eichhorni Hartert

Accipiter eichhorni Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 36. (Feni Island, east of South New Ireland.)

Known only from Feni Island.

Accipiter eichhorni imitator Hartert

Accipiter eichhorni imitator Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 33, 1926, p. 37. (Choi- seul Island.)

Choiseul Island, northern Solomon Islands.

Accipiter poliocephalus G. R. Gray

Accipiter poliocephalus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1858, p. 170. (Aru Islands.)

Mysol, Salawatti, Waigiu, Jobi, Fergusson and St. Aignan; Aru Islands.

1 Sparverius cinereus Vieillot and Astur raii Vigors and Horsfield are both synonyms.

—

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 215

Accipiter haplochrous Sclater Accipiter haplochrous Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 275, pl. 8. (Nu Island, off New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

Accipiter henicogrammus (G. R. Gray) Astur henicogrammus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zo6dl. Soc. London, 1860, p. 343. (East Gilolo.) Islands of Morotai (or Morty), Batjan and Halmahera (or Gilolo).

Accipiter fasciatus natalis (Lister) Urospizias natalis Lister, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1888 (1889), p. 523. (Christmas Island.)

Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.

Accipiter fasciatus wallacii (Sharpe)

Astur wallacit Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 95 (in key), p. 128, pl. 5. (col. f. of adult). (Lombok, ad. , Buru, yg. @.)

Islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sermata, Moa, Letti, Kalao, Djampea, Kalidupa, Tomia; Tukang Besi Islands. Accipiter fasciatus tjendanae Stresemann

Accipiter fasciatus tyendanae Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 323, note 1. (Waingapo, Sumba.) Island of Sumba.

_ Accipiter fasciatus hellmayri Stresemann

Accipiter fasciatus hellmayri Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 70, 1922, p. 129, note 2. (Timor). New name for Falco torquatus Temminck not Pon- toppidan.

Islands of Timor, Semao, Alor and Savu.

Accipiter fasciatus buruensis Stresemann

Accipiter torquatus buruensis Stresemann, Noy. Zodl., 21, 1914, p. 381. (Fakal, 1050 m., Buru.)

Island of Buru.

~l~ Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus Rothschild and Hartert

~~]

Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 22, 1915, p. 53. (Sogeri dist., 2000-3500 feet, Owen Stanley Mountains, New Guinea.)

New Guinea.

Accipiter fasciatus didimus (Mathews)

Astur fasciatus didimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 33. (Mel- ville Island.)

Northwest Australia, Northern Territory, Melville Island.

216 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Accipiter fasciatus cruentus (Gould)

Astur cruentus Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1842 (1848), p. 113. (York dist., West Australia.)

West and South Australia.

Accipiter fasciatus fasciatus (Vigors and Horsfield)

Astur Fasciatus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, 15, 1827, p. 181. (New South Wales.)

Astur fasciatus mackayi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 246. (Mac- kay, Queensland.)

Eastern Australia; Norfolk Island(?).

y Accipiter fasciatus vigilax (Wetmore)

Astur approximans insularis F. Sarasin, Nova Caledonia, Zodl., 1, livr. 1, 1913, p. 8. (New Caledonia.)

Astur fasciatus vigilax Wetmore, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 46. (New name for Astur f. insularis Sarasin not Astur badius insularis Madarasz.)

New Caledonia.

Accipiter fasciatus rufitorques (Peale) Aster rufitorques Peale, U.S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 68 (Fiji Islands.) Fiji Islands.

Accipiter francesii brutus (Schlegel)

Nisus brutus Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 80. (Mayotte Island.)

Mayotte Island, Comoro Group.

Accipiter francesii pusillus (Gurney)

Scelospizias pusillus Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 358. (Joanna Island, ex Ibis, 1864, pl. 7.)

Islands of Joanna (or Anjuan) and Grand Comoro, Comoro Group.

Accipiter francesii francesii! A. Smith

Accipiter Francesit A. Smith, So. Afr. ai Journ. (2), 1834, p. 280. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Accipiter trivirgatus rufitinctus (Horsfield) Spizaétus rufitinctus Horsfield, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1839, p. 153. (Banks of the Brahmaputra, Assam.)

Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Yunnan and Formosa south to Burma and Indo-Chinese countries.

1 Nisuoides morelii Pollen is a synonym. Cf. Bangs and Peters, Auk, 43, 1926, p. 369-370.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q17

———- Accipiter trivirgatus trivirgatus (Temminck)

Falco trivirgatus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 51, 1824, pl. 303. (Sumatra.) Hill districts of southern India and Ceylon, Tenasserim, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines(?). Accipiter griseiceps (Schlegel)

Astur griseiceps Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p. 23. (Atep and Gorontalo, north Celebes.)

Celebes.

* Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble

Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 444. (Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Southeastern Mexico.

- Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot)

Sparvius bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 325. (Cayenne.)

Yucatan through Central America to Colombia, the Guianas and Amazonia.

Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr

Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 82. (Nanegal, western Ecuador.)

Western Ecuador.

Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck)

Falco pileatus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 35, 1823, pl. 205. (Brazil = Ilha Cachoeirinha, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, fide Hellmayr, Field Mus. Publ. Zodl. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 458.)

Brazil from Maranhio, Cear4 and Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte)

Falco cooperii Bonaparte, Am. Orn., 2, 1828, p. 1, pl. 10, f. 1. (Near Bordentown, N. J.)

Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, central Que- bee and Nova Scotia south over the United States to northern Mexico. Winters from the northern United States to Costa Rica.

Accipiter gundlachi Lawrence

Accipiter Gundlachi Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860, p. 252. (Hanabana, Cuba.)

Cuba (of doubtful status; now probably extinct).

218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Accipiter pectoralis (Bonaparte) Falco pectoralis Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zoél., 1850, p. 490. (Brazil.) Range not exactly known but probably from the Guianas to south- eastern Brazil and west to Ecuador. Accipiter chilensis R. A. Philippi and Landbeck

Accipiter chilensis R. A. Philippi and Landbeck, Arch. f. Naturg., 30, Band 1, 1864, p. 43. (Chile.)

Chile and western Argentina south to the Straits of Magellan.

Accipiter guttifer Hellmayr

Accipiter guttifer Hellmayr, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 18, 1917, p. 200. (Bolivia). New name for Sparvius guttatus auct not Sparvius guttatus Vieillot, which is Accipiter pileatus Temminck.

Southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina.

Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard

Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 7, 1920, p. 45. (Carillo, Costa Rica.!)

Costa Rica south to northern and western Colombia.

Accipiter superciliosus superciliosus (Linné) Falco superciliosus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 128. (Surinam.) Venezuela and the Guianas south to Sao Paulo, Brazil.

~4- Accipiter albogularis G. R. Gray

Accipiter albogularis G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 5, 1870, p. 327. (Recherche Bay, San Cristoval.)

Astur sharpei Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (6), 12, 1877, p. 25. (Marianne Islands. Error = specimen of albogularis with wrong local- ity, fide Stresemann, zn Litt.)

Solomon Islands.

Accipiter luteoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert

Accipiter luteoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 538. (Talasea, New Britain.)

New Britain.

Accipiter melanochlamys melanochlamys (Salvadori)

Urospizias melanochlamys Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 905. (Mt. Arfak, New Guinea.)

Berau Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.

1 Cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 70, 1930, p. 187-188.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 219

Accipiter melanochlamys schistacinus (Rothschild and Hartert)

Astur melanochlamys schistacinus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 20, 1903, p. 482. (Mt. Goliath, eastern central Dutch Papua.)

Mt. Goliath and Angabunga River, New Guinea.

se nh avo. 0

mus Accipiter collaris Sclater 40° 6 Accipiter collaris Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 148, pl. 6. (“Interior of New ur < Grenada” = Bogotd, Colombia.)

Known only from a few specimens from Colombia (Bogota collections) and the Andes of Mérida, Venezuela. Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck)

Falco poliogaster ‘“‘ Natterer” Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 45, 1824, pl. 264. (Brazil.)

Exact distribution not worked out; recorded from Colombia, British Guiana, Paraguay, southern Brazil (Sao Paulo) and northeastern Argen- tina (Misiones).

7 Accipiter nisus nisus (Linné)

Falco Nisus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Accipiter nisus galliae Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, 1917, p. 24 (pp. 17-24 duplicated) (France).

Breeds from limit of trees in northern Europe east to Russia and south to the Mediterranean. Winters south to northern Africa. .}— Accipiter nisus hibernicus Swann

Accipiter nisus hibernicus Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, 1924, p. 79. (Hillsborough, County Down, Ireland.)

Resident in the wooded districts of the British Isles.

./— Accipiter nisus punicus Erlanger

Accipiter nisus punicus Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 187. (Ain- bou-Driés, Tunis.)

Iberian Peninsula (?), Morocco, Algeria and Tunis. /” Accipiter nisus granti Sharpe

Accipiter Granti Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 5, 1890, p. 485. (Madeira.)

Madeira.

—}--Accipiter nisus teneriffae Laubmann

Accipiter nisus teneriffae Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 11, 1912, p. 164. (Vilaflor, Tenerife.)

Canary Islands.

} ~

220 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Accipiter nisus wolterstorfi Kleinschmidt Accipiter wolterstor ffi Kleinschmidt, Orn. Monatsb., 9, 1901, p. 168. (Lanusei, Sardinia.) Corsica and Sardinia.

Accipiter nisus peregrinoides Kleinschmidt Accipiter nisus peregrinoides Kleinschmidt, in Grote, Aus der Orn. Lit. Russlands, no. 3, 1921, p. 56. (Rossitten, east Prussia.)

Probably the breeding race of Russia and western Siberia. Winter range not worked out, but has been taken in Hungary at that season.

Accipiter nisus nisosimilis (Tickell) Falco Nisosimilis Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 571. (Marcha, Borabhum, India.) Breeds in northern and central Asia from Turkestan to the Sea of Okhotsk, Japan, northern China and eastern China south to the Yangtse. Winters to India, Burma and southern China.

Accipiter nisus pallens Stejneger Accipiter pallens Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 625. (Province of Hitachi, Japan.) Doubtful form, believed to be the breeding race in Kamchatka. In winter to Japan.

Accipiter nisus melaschistos Hume Accipiter Melaschistos (sic) Hume, Rough Notes, March, 1869, p. 128. (Interior of the Himalayas.) Accipiter melanoschistus Hume, Ibis, July, 1869, p. 356. (Simla.) Accipiter nisus lodygini Bianchi, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 69. (Kham, southeastern Tibet; figured Aves Exped., P. K. Koslowi, 1907, pl. 3, f. 2.) Breeds from Kashmir east to the Minshan Range, south to the Hima- layas and Upper Burma.

— Accipiter rufiventris perspicillaris (Riippell)

Falco (Astur) perspicillaris Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1836, p. 41, pl. 18, f. 2. (Gondar, Abyssinia.)

Ethiopia and Shoa.

Accipiter rufiventris rufiventris A. Smith Accipiter rufiventris A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 231. (Baviaan’s River.) South Africa north to Katanga.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 221

—f- Accipiter madagascariensis A. Smith

=

Accipiter Madagascariensis “‘ Verreaux”’ A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ., (2), 1834, p. 282. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson)

Falco velox Wilson, Am. Orn., 5, 1812, p. 116, pl. 45, f. 1. (Banks of the Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)

Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie eastward to central Quebec and Newfoundland, south to Lower California and northern Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast and northern Florida. Winters from British Columbia and the northern border of the United States south to Costa Rica.

—. Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors

Accipiter fringilloides Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, 1827, p. 434. (Near Havana, Cuba.)

Island of Cuba.

» Accipiter striatus striatus Vieillot

Accipiter striatus Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, p. 42, pl. 14. (Haiti.) Mountains of Hispaniola. Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore

Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p. 119. (Maricao, Puerto Rico.)

Mountains of western Puerto Rico.

- Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup

Nisus (seu Accipiter) chionogaster Kaup, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1851, p. 41. (Coban, Guatemala.)

Recorded only from Guatemala and Nicaragua.

Accipiter erythronemius salvini (Ridgway)

Nisus salvint Ridgway, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, 1876, p. 121. (Mérida, Venezuela.)

Accipiter chionogaster venezuelensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 58. (Escorial, Mérida, Venezuela.)

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia and Andes of Mérida, Vene- zuela. Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater

Accipiter ventralis Sclater, Proc. Zo6dl. Soc. London, 1866, p. 303. (In- terior of Colombia.)

Andes of western Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to northwestern Bolivia.

1 Accipiter ventralis nigroplumbeus Lawrence is the dark phase of v. ventralis, Cf. Lénnberg and Rendahl, Ark. f. Zodl., 14, no. 25, 1922, p. 34.

9

f

9292 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Kaup

Nisus vel Accipiter erythronemius ‘G. Gray,” Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 64. (Bolivia.) Eastern Bolivia to Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul, Entre Rios and Tucuman.

Accipiter minullus zenkeri Reichenow Accipiter zenkeri Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 125. (Jaunde, Cameroon.)

Accipiter sharpet Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 564. (Gaboon?) not Astur sharpei Oustalet which is Accipiter albogularis sharpet (Oustalet).

Accipiter batesi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 18, 1903, p. 50. (Hfulen, Cameroon.) West Africa from Cameroon to Benguella.

Accipiter minullus erythropus (Hartlaub) Nisus erythropus ‘‘Temm.”’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 354. (Rio Bountry, Gold Coast.)

West Africa from Gambia to Togoland.!

Accipiter minullus intermedius Erlanger Accipiter minullus intermedius Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 173. (Abela, Ethiopia.) Africa from the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia to Uganda. Accipiter minullus sassii Stresemann Accipiter minullus sassit Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 109. (Beni, Belgian Congo.) Eastern Belgian Congo.

/ Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow

Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 46, 1898, p. 139. (Kast Africa.) Eastern Kenya Colony south to the Zambesi.

Accipiter minullus minullus (Daudin) Falco minullus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 88. (Gamtoos River, Cape Province.) Africa south of the Zambesi.

Accipiter virgatus affinis Hodgson Accipiter affinis Hodgson, Bengal Sporting Mag., n. s., 8, 1836, p. 179. (Nepal.)

i Nisus hartlaubi Hartlaub and Accipiter bilttikofert Sharpe are synonyms.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 223

Breeds from the western Himalayas to western China, Yunnan and south to Assam and hills of northern Burma. Winters over the greater part of northern India, southern China (including Hainan and Formosa) and Indo-China.

Accipiter virgatus besra Jerdon

Accipiter Besra Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10, 1839, p. 84. (Soonda Jungles, South India.)

Southern India and Ceylon.

Accipiter virgatus virgatus (Temminck)

Falco virgatus “‘Reinw.” Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 19, 1822, pl. 109. (Java.)

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

_Accipiter virgatus confusus Hartert

Accipiter virgatus confusus Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 17, 1910, p. 209. (La- guna de Bai, Luzon.)

Accipiter manillensis auct. not Meyen.

Philippine Islands: (Luzon, Guimaras, Leyte, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros). Accipiter virgatus gularis (Temminck and Schlegel)

Astur (Nisus) gularis Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1845, p. 5, pl. 2. (Japan.)

Breeds in northern China and Japan. In winter south to the Philippines and the Malay Archipelago.

Accipiter virgatus stevensoni Gurney Accipiter stevensoni Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 447, pl. 9. (Pekin and Macao, China.)

Breeds in Manchuria to northern China. In winter to Burma, Indo- China and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. (Doubtfully distinct from gularis).

\ Accipiter virgatus nisoides Blyth

Accipiter nisoides Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 16, 1847, p. 727. (Malacea.) Southern China from Fohkien to Burma, the Andamans and the Malay States.

Accipiter virgatus rhodogaster (Schlegel)

Nisus virgatus rhodogaster Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p- 32. (Gorontalo, northern Celebes.)

Celebes and Banggai.

Q94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—f-— Accipiter virgatus sulaénsis (Schlegel)

Nisus sulaénsis Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., Valkv., 1866, p. 26, 64, pl. 16, fs. 3,4. (Sula Besi.)

Sula Islands.

Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus (Rothschild and Hartert)

Astur cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 20, 1913, p. 482. (Snow Mountains, New Guinea.)

New Guinea.

‘~~ Accipiter cirrhocephalus cirrhocephalus (Vieillot)

Sparvius cirrhocephalus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 329. (New South Wales.)

Accipiter cirrocephalus hesitata Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 128. (Cape York, Queensland.)

Accipiter cirrhocephalus quaesitandus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 81. (Cape York, Queensland.)

Eastern Australia.

Accipiter cirrhocephalus broomei Mathews

Accipiter cirrhocephalus broomet Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 247. (Broome Hill, southwest Australia.)

Northern Territory and western Australia.

Accipiter brachyurus (Ramsay)

Astur brachyurus Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, 1879, p. 465. (“Thirty miles inland” = New Britain.)

New Britain.

Accipiter erythrauchen erythrauchen G. R. Gray

Accipiter erythrauchen G. R. Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1860, p. 344. (East Gilolo.)

Northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Batjan, Obi) Accipiter erythrauchen ceramensis (Schlegel)

Nisus cirrhocephalus ceramensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p. 39. (Ceram.)

Southern Moluccas (Ceram and Buru).

~-/Accipiter ovampensis Gurney

Accipiter ovampensis Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 367, pl. 6. (Okavango River, Ovampoland.)

1 Accipiter rubricollis Wallace isa synonym. Cf. Stresemann, Nov. Zodl., 21, 1914, p. 72.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 295

Accipiter hilgerti Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 171, pl. 6. (Daroli River, Arussi-Gallaland.)

Africa from the Gold Coast to Uganda and southern Ethiopia south to southwest Africa and eastern Transvaal.

Genus ERYTHROTRIORCHIS SHarpe

Erythrotriorchis Sharpe, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1875, p. 337. Type, by monotypy, Falco radiatus Latham.

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 249-250. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 339-341.

~ /- Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Latham)

Falco radiatus Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 2, 1801, p. xii. (New South Wales.)

Erythrotriorchis rufotibia Campbell, Emu, 10, 1911, p. 249. (Napier Broome Bay, northwest Australia).

Erythrotriorchis radiatus katherine (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 57. (Katherine River, Northern Territory.)

Erythrotriorchis radiatus queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 128. (Cedar Bay, Queensland.)

Northern and eastern Australia.

~/~ Erythrotriorchis doriae (Salvadori and d’Albertis)

Megatriorchis doriae Salvadori and d’Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 805. (Yule Island, New Guinea.)

New Guinea.

Genus MELIERAX G. R. Gray Meliéraz G. R. Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 5. Type, by original designation, Falco musicus Daudin.

cf. Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p. 93-96. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 71-72.

—/. Meliérax musicus musicus (Daudin)

[ Falco musicus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 116. (Cape Province, ex Levaillant.)

Western portion of South Africa north to Matabeleland and Damara- land. }-~ Meliérax musicus poliopterus Cabanis

Melierax poliopterus Cabanis, in von der Decken, Reise, 3, Abthl. 1, 1869, p. 40. (Umba River, East Africa.)

East Africa from Somaliland to Irangi, Tanganyika Territory.

296 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

/. Meliérax metabates metabates Heuglin

Melierax metabates Heuglin, Ibis, 1861, p. 72. (White Nile between 6° and 7° N. lat.)

Western Morocco and northern Nigeria through the southern Egyptian Sudan to Ethiopia; south on the east to Tanganyika Territory.

Meliérax metabates neumanni Hartert Meliérax canorus neumanni Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1165. (Arbub, near Merau, Dongola Province, Sudan.) The Sahara from Lake Chad to Kordofan and the Red Sea Province of the Egyptian Sudan.

/- Meliérax metabates mechowi Cabanis

Meliérax Mechowi Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 30, 1882, p. 229. (Angola: type from Melandje.)

Southern Angola to northern Damaraland, east to Nyasaland and Mashonaland.

Meliérax metabates ignoscens Friedmann

Melierax metabates ignoscens Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p. 94. (Shekh Othman, Aden Protectorate, Arabia.)

Southwestern Arabia.

Meliérax gabar (Daudin)

Falco gabar Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 87. (Interior of South Africa, ex Levaillant.)

Africa from Senegambia, Sudan, Ethiopia and southwestern Arabia to Cape Province. GreNnus HETEROSPIZIAS SHarpe

Heterospizias Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 158 (in key), p. 160. Type, by monotypy, Falco meridionalis Latham.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 342-344. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 113-115. Heterospizias meridionalis meridionalis (Latham) Falco meridionalis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 36. (Cayenne.)

Eastern Panama and tropical South America south to Bolivia, the Para- guayan Chaco and Rio Grande do Sul.

Heterospizias meridionalis australis Swann

Heterospizias meridionalis australis! Swann, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 359. (Laguna de Malima, Tucuman.)

Northern Argentina south to Tucumén and Buenos Aires.

1 Circus rufulus Vieillot may prove to be an earlier name. Cf. Wetmore, supra, p. 114.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 297

GreNnus UROTRIORCHIS Sarre Urotriorchis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 46 (in key), p. 83, Type, by monotypy, Astur macrourus Hartlaub. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 294-297.

Urotriorchis macrourus macrourus (Hartlaub)

Astur macrourus ‘‘Temm.” Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 353. (Dabocrom, Gold Coast.)

Gold Coast Colony.

~~~ Urotriorchis macrourus batesi Swann

Urotriorchis macrourus batest Swann, Syn. List. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 29. (Bitye, River Ja, Cameroon.)

‘Cameroon and Portuguese Congo east to the Aruwhimi and Ituri dis- tricts of the Belgian Congo.

SUBFAMILY BUTEONINAE

Genus GERANOAETUS Kavup Geranoaetus Kaup, Class. Saiugeth. und Vég., 1844, p. 122. Type, by monotypy, Falco aguia Temminck = Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot, cf. Swann, Mongr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 345-348.

—f ..Geranoaetus melanoleucus meridensis Swann

Geranoaetus melanoleucus meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 68. (Nevada, 3000 met., Mérida, Venezuela.)

Andes of Mérida, Venezuela; perhaps also mountains of Colombia and Ecuador.

/- Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus (Vieillot)

Spizaétus melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 57. (Paraguay.) Paraguay and southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) south to eastern Argentina and Uruguay. f Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann

Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 67. (Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, Argentina.)

Northwestern Argentina south to the Straits of Magellan; probably also from Peru and central Chile southward.

298 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus BUTEO! LactpEpE

Buteo Lacépéde, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by tautonymy, Falco buteo Linné.

Potamolegus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos, (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 158. Type, Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni. (Here desig- nated for the first time.)

Praedo Kleinschmidt, Falco, 18, 1917, p. 10. Type, by original designa- tion, Mausebussard = Falco buteo Linné (not Praedo Nelson).

Percnohierax Ridgway, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Type, by original designation, Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard.

Coryornis Ridgway, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 585. Type, by original designa- tion, Rupornis ridgwayt Cory.

cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 227-230. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1114-1131; 3, 1922, p. 2202-2205. Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zodél. Cl., 11, 1929, p. 43-48. Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, Cl. Sci. Phys.-Math., 1929, p. 623- 652; 707-716.

Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 66-67. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 295-319. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 349-364. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 6, 1926, p. 365-396. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 7, 1928, p. 897-428.

Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney

Buteo hypospodius 2 Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 73, pl. 3. (Medellin, Colom- bia.) Southwestern United States (Lower Rio Grande Valley) south through Mexico and Central America to northwestern South America (Colombian Andes and Andes of Mérida, Venezuela).

Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch

Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 91. (Island of Curagao.)

Tachytriorchis albicaudatus exiguus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 637. (Barrigon, head of Rio Meta, Colombia.)

Colombia, east of the Andes, to Surinam; also Islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao and Trinidad.

1 Includes Rupornis. I do not believe that Rupornis is generically separable from Buteo. Magnirostris appears to have its nearest affinities with Buteo platypterus; ridgwayi is undoubtedly not distantly related to Buteo lineatus while leucorrhous probably is not far removed from Buteo brachyurus.

2 Replaces B. a. sennetti Allen; cf. Stresemann supra, p. 317-319.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 229

’ Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Vieillot

Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 477. (South America = Rio de Janeiro apud Berlepsch, Nov. Zodl., 15, 1908, p. 291.)

Northwestern Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay south to the Rio Negro. -Buteo poecilochrous Gurney Buteo poecilochrous Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 176. (Yauayacu, Ecuador.)

Buteo melanosternus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 104. (Cuzco, Peru). Not Buteo melanosternon Gould, which is Hamirostra melanosternon (Gould.)

Buteo erythronotus simonsi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 85. (Chal- lapata, Bolivia.) Andes of northern Ecuador to northern Chile and northwestern Argen- tina.! Buteo polyosoma peruviensis Swann

Buteo erythronotus peruviensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 85. (Eten, Dept. of Lambayeque, northwestern Peru.)

Coast region of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru.

--- Buteo polyosoma polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard)

Falco polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Uranie’, Zodl., pt. 1, 1824, p. 92, pl. 14. (Falkland Islands.)

Buteo melanostethus R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 166. (Prov. of Santiago, Chile.) Figured, An. Mus. Nae. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 2.

Buteo poecilogaster R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 166, 167. (Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nace. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 3.

?Buteo macrorhyncus R.A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg.,65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 166, 168. (Prov. of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured, An. Mus. Nace. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 4.2

Andes of Ecuador and Peru south through western Bolivia; Chile, Ar- gentina (east to Tucumdn and Cérdoba and from Buenos Aires Province south to Tierra del Fuego); Falkland Islands.’

1 Cf. Stresemann antea, p. 316 and also Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 229-230.

2 I cannot imagine what Buteo albigula Philippi (Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 2, 1899, p. 170) can possibly be.

3 Swann in his Monograph of the Birds of Prey (pt. 8, 1928, p. 398) identifies Buteo ventralis Gould as a race of Buteo jamaicensis. I cannot agree to this; there seems to be no reason for not regarding it as a plumage variation of the polymorphic Buteo polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard).

230 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin Buteo exsul Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 371. (Mas-a-fuera Island.) Juan Fernandez Islands.

Buteo rufinus rufinus (Cretzschmar)

Falco rufinus Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas, Végel, 1829, p. 40, pl. 27. (Upper Nubia, Schendi and Sennar and Ethiopia.)

Buteo ferox raddei Loudon, Proc. Fifth Int. Orn. Congr., 1912, p. 355 and pl. (Talysch-Kumbaschinsk, Caspian Sea.)

Breeds from southern Russia, Kirghiz Steppes, Turkestan and western Mongolia south to Greece, Asia Minor and the western Himalayas. Win- ters chiefly in Africa from northern Sudan to the valleys of the White and Blue Nile, and in northwestern India.

Buteo rufinus cirtensis (Levaillant jun.) Falco cirtensis Levaillant jun. Expl. Algérie, 1850, pl. 3. (No type locality given = Algeria.) Northern Africa from Morocco to Tunis and south of the Atlas to the western Sahara.

Buteo rufofuscus augur Riippell Falco (Buteo) Augur, Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1836, p. 38, pl. 16. (Ethiopia.) Ethiopia to southern Rhodesia.

Buteo rufofuscus archeri W. L. Sclater

Buteo jakal archeri W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 17. (Waghar, Somaliland.)

British Somaliland.

Buteo rufofuscus rufofuscus (J. R. Forster)

Falco rufofuscus J. R. Forster, Levaillant, Naturg. Afr. Vog., 1798, p. 59, p. 16. (South Africa.)

Africa, south of the Limpopo.

Buteo auguralis Salvadori

Buteo auguralis Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 377. (Abys- sinia and Gebel Aidun, Lybian Desert.)

Gold Coast east to the Egyptian Sudan and southern Ethiopia, south to Angola.

Buteo hemilasius Temminck and Schlegel

Buteo hemilasius Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 18, pl. 7 (1845). (Japan.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 231

Breeds from Lake Baikal to Ussuri and the Amur south to Tibet and Mongolia, probably also in northern China. Winters south to India, Burma and central China.

Buteo regalis (G. R. Gray)

Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 1, 1844, col. pl. 6. (Real del Monte, Mexico ex G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 19, nomen nudum.)

Breeds from southern Washington, southwestern Saskatchewan and

southern Manitoba to southern California, Utah, Colorado and Kansas. Winters south to Lower California and northern Mexico.

Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell Buteo borealis alascensis Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zoél., 5, 1911, p. 211. (Glacier Bay, Alaska.) Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.

Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin) Falco borealis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 266. (Carolina.) Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, p. 281. (Fort Webster, New Mexico.)

Middle Yukon and central western Mackenzie, Manitoba, central Quebec and Newfoundland south throughout Lower California, Mexico and to the Gulf coast and Georgia. Winters somewhat south of its north- ern breeding limit. Replaced by the ee raneye race in the northern half of the Great Plains.

... Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes

Buteo borealis var. kriderit Hoopes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 238, pl. 5. (Winnebago Co., Iowa.) Breeds in the Great Plains region of the United States from Wyoming to Minnesota and south to Nebraska and Missouri. Winters south to Texas and the Gulf Coast.

Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs Buteo borealis umbrinus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1901, p. 68. (Myakka, Manatee Co., Florida.) Florida Peninsula, Cuba, Isle of Pines. Bahama Islands?

~ Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin)

Falco jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 266. (Jamaica, ex Latham.) Buteo tropicalis Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, 1909, p. 357. (San Lorenzo, Dominican Republic.) Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; (birds from the Leeward Islands, Lesser Antilles, may be of this race).

932 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson

Buteo borealis fumosus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 7. (Maria Madre Island.)

Tres Marias Islands.

Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Nelson

Buteo borealis socorroensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880, p. 220. (Socorro Island, nomen nudum! ex Lawrence Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 14, 1871, p. 301, but there not described!)

Buteo borealis socorroensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 7, in text. (Socorro Island.)

Socorro Island, off the west coast of Mexico.

Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway

Buteo borealis, var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 285, note. (Costa Rica.)

Highlands of southern Mexico to western Panama.

Buteo harlani (Audubon)

Falco Harlani Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 1, 1830, pl. 86. (Near St. Francisville, La.)

Breeds in southeastern Alaska, southwestern Yukon and northern Brit- ish Columbia. In migration southeastward to the Upper Mississippi Valley, wintering in the Lower Mississippi Valley.

Buteo galapagoensis (Gould) Polyborus galapagoensis Gould, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1837, p. 9. (Galapagos Islands.) Galapagos Islands.

Buteo albonotatus albonotatus Kaup Buteo albonotatus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 329. (Hx Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1844, p. 17, where nomen nudum, based on specimen from Mexico.) Breeds from southern Arizona, New Mexico, southwestern Texas and Lower California through Mexico, occurring in migration in Central America south to Panama.

Buteo albonotatus abbreviatus Cabanis Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis, in Schomburgh, Reise Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 739. (Upper Pomeroon River, British Guiana.)

Resident in the Pearl Islands and in northern South America east to Surinam. Doubtfully distinct from the typical race.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 233

—| ~ Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin Buteo elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, p. 281. (Cali- fornia and New Mexico.)

Southern British Columbia south to northern Lower California and northwestern Mexico.

~~)" Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin) Falco lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Long Island, New York.)

Breeds from central Manitoba, southern Quebec and Nova Scotia south probably to Missouri, Tennessee and North Carolina; western limit is approximately the eastern border of the Great Plains. Winters through the southern half (or more) of its breeding range south to the Gulf and South Atlantic States.

—}- Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop

Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop, Auk, 29, 1912, p. 232. (Corpus Christi, Texas.)

Coastal Plain region of southeastern Texas and the adjacent parts of Tamaulipas. |... Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway

Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 7, 1885, p. 514. (Tampa, Florida.)

Resident in the Gulf and South Atlantic States from eastern Texas to South Carolina, south to Miami, Florida.

~<«. Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs

Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 7, 1920, p. 35. (Cape Florida.)

Extreme southern Florida Peninsula and the Florida Keys.

; -| . Buteo ridgwayi (Cory) Rupornis ridgwayt Cory, Quart. Journ. Boston Zoél. Soc., 2, 1883, p. 46. (Santo Domingo = Lower Yuma Valley, Dominican Republic.) Island of Hispaniola.

Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte

Buteo Swainsont Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 3. (Ez Audubon pl. 372 = near the Columbia River.)

?Buteo (Asturina?) aethiops R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 168. (Central Provinces of Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 8.

?Buteo pictus R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 169. (Province of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 9.

Q34 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from southern British Columbia, western Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie and Manitoba south to southern California and southeastern Arizona. In migration through Central America and western South America to its winter range in Chile.

Buteo solitarius Peale Buteo solitarius Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 62. (Island of Hawaii.) Confined to the Island of Hawaii.

Buteo buteo buteo (Linné) Falco Buteo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (Europe, restricted type locality, Savoy, List Brit. Bds., ed. 2, 1915, p. 139.) Europe south of lat. 66° from northern part of British Isles, Sweden and Poland south to Spain, Italy, western part of the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathian Mountains.

. Buteo buteo rothschildi Swann

Buteo buteo rothschildi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 43. (Terceira, Azores.)

Azores.

Buteo buteo harterti Swann Buteo buteo harterti Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 43. (Madeira.)

Madeira.

Buteo buteo insularum Floericke Buteo insularum Floericke, Mitt. Reichsb. Vogelk. und Vogelsch., 3, 1903, p. 64. (Grand Canaria.) Buteo buteo lanzaroteae Polatzek, Orn. Jahrb., 19, 1908, p. 1138. (Lan- zarote.) Canary Islands.

Buteo buteo bannermani Swann Buteo buteo bannermani Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 44. (Near Mindello Bay, St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands.

Buteo buteo arrigonii Picchi Buteo buteo Arrigonii Picchi, Avicula, 7, 1903, p. 40. (Sardinia.)

Corsica and Sardinia.

Buteo oreophilus Hartert and Neumann Buteo oreophilus Hartert and Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 22, 1914, p. 31. (Koritscha, 2800 m., southern Abyssinia.) Mountains of northeastern and central Africa.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 235

~-= Buteo brachypterus Hartlaub

Buteo brachypterus ‘‘v. Pelz.” Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 11. (Madagascar, probably from Tamatave.)

Madagascar.

ce Buteo vulpinus intermedius Menzbier

Buteo vulpinus intermedius Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, 1888, p. 197. (Russia.) Breeds from eastern Sweden, Finland, the White Sea south through western and central Russia to Rumania and Bulgaria. Winters in eastern Africa(?)

———Buteo vulpinus menetriesi Bogdanov

Buteo menetriesi Bogdanov, Ois. Caucasus, in Arb. Naturf. Ges. Kazan, 8, 1879, heft 4, p. 45. (Caucasus.)

Caucasus and northern Persia.

Buteo vulpinus vulpinus (Gloger)

Falco vulpinus “Licht.”’ Gloger, Das Abandern der Végel, 1833, p. 141. (Africa.)

Breeds from the Urals and southeastern Russia east to the Kentai Mountains and Turkestan. Winters in eastern Africa, Arabia and western India.

Buteo burmanicus burmanicus Hume

— Faclo (sic) buteo japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 16, 1845, pl. 6, 6b (the plates are lettered Buteo vulgaris japonicus.) (Japan) not Falco tinnuculus japonicus id, op. cit., Da2:

Buteo burmanicus Hume, Str. Feath., 3, 1875, p. 30, in text. (Thayet- myo, Upper Pegu.)

Buteo japonicus saturatus Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS., Cl. Sci. Phys.-Math., 1929, p. 644. (Ju-tschou, Kham, southeastern Tibet.)

1 This form of Buteo burmanicus described from western China and south- eastern Tibet may well be a valid form, but the name saturatus is invalidated if Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin is placed in the genus Buteo as has been done in this Check-List.

In the same paper, Portenko divides the different subspecies of the palzarctic Buteos each into a number of color varieties, employing a quadrinomial form of terminology to designate them, 7. e., Buteo japonicus japonicus Temminck f. pallidipectus. In such eases it is quite evident that no nomenclatorial value is to be attached to the fourth term, nevertheless the practice of designating color varieties in this way may lead to serious complications and should be avoided.

236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in Asia from eastern Turkestan and the Upper Yenessei north to Dauria and Lake Baikal, east to Ussuriland, south to the Himalayas, Manchuria, Korea and Japan. Winters south to India, Burma and south China.

~——Buteo burmanicus toyoshimai Momiyama Buteo japonicus toyoshimat Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1927, p. 73 (Japanese text), 98 (English text), (Okimura, Coffin Island, Bonin Islands.)

Bonin Islands.

Buteo lagopus lagopus (Pontoppidan) Falco Lagopus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1763, p. 616. (Denmark.)

Breeds on the tundras of northern Scandinavia and northern Russia. In winter south to the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula.

Buteo lagopus pallidus (Menzbier)

Archibuteo pallidus Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, 1, 1888, p. 163. (Siberia, Turkestan, Kamchatka, Ussuri. Types from Bugun River and Ver- noy, Turkestan.)

Breeds in northern Siberia from the Ob to the Kolyma, south to Lake

Baikal. Winters south to Transcaspia, Turkestan, northern China and northern Japan.

Buteo lagopus s.-johannis (Gmelin) Falco S. Johannis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 273. (Hudson Strait and Newfoundland.)

Breeds in Arctic America from the Aleutian Islands and northwestern Alaska to Ungava, south to central British Columbia, southern Ungava and Newfoundland. Winters from the northern United States to Cali- fornia, Texas and North Carolina.

Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) Sparvius Platypterus Vieillot, Tabl. Encye. Méth., 3, 1823, p. 1278. (Pennsylvania = Schuylkill River, ex Wilson.) Buteo platypterus iowensis B. H. Bailey, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 73. (Eagle Lake, Hancock Co., Iowa.)

Breeds from central Alberta, Ontario, southern ohesah and Cape Breton Island south to Texas, the Gulf States and Florida, west to the eastern edge of the Great Plains. Winters from southern Illinois and New Jersey to northern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Amazonian Peru.

Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns

Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns, Wils. Bull., 18 (n. s.), 1911, p. 148. (Cuba.)

Islands of Cuba, Isle of Pines and probably Puerto Rico.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 237

~—~ Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley

Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 273. (Antigua, British West Indies.)

Island of Antigua.

~ Buteo platypterus rivieri Verrill

Buteo (latissimus) riviert Verrill, Descriptions of three new species of birds from Dominica B. W. I., no date [ = 24 Oct. 1905], not paged. (Dominica.)

Lesser Antilles from Dominica to St. Lucia.

Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark

Buteo antillarum Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 21 Feb. 1905, p. 62. (Chateaubelair, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.)

Lesser Antilles on the islands of St. Vincent, Grenada and the larger Grenadines.

Buteo magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway) Rupornis magnirostris var. griseocauda Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 16, 1873-1874 ( = Dec. 1873), p. 87 (in key), p. 88. (Mexico.) Eastern and southern Mexico from central Tamaulipas south to Oaxaca, and probably to Tabasco and Chiapas.

~ Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters)

Rupornis magnirostris conspecta Peters, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 370. (San Ignacio, Yucatan.)

Yucatan Peninsula to extreme northern British Honduras.

Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway) Rupornis gracilis Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 94. (Co- zumel Island.)

Islands of Cozumel, Meco, Holbox and probably Mugeres, off the coast of Yucatan.

Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom)

Rupornis magnirostris direptor Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, 1929, p. 46. (Finca El Cipres, near Mazatenango, Pacific slope of Guatemala.)

Guatemala (except probably extreme northeastern), south to Salvador

and east to southwestern British Honduras.

Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom)

Rupornis magnirostris arguta Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Cl., 11, 1929, p. 46. (Almirante, Panama.) Central America, from eastern Honduras south on the Caribbean slope to western Panama and from the Honduras-Nicaragua boundary south on the Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica.

238 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Buteo magnirostris ruficauda (Sclater and Salvin)

Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1869, p. 133. (Cordoba, Jalapa, Mexico City, Omoa, Guatemala, Veragua, David. The specimen figured in Exotic Orn., June 1, 1869, came either from Veragua or the line of the Panama R. R. Since the latter is not included in the list of original localities, the former may be taken as the type locality.)

Pacific slope of Central America from the head of the Gulf of Nicoya to the Rio Tuyra, eastern Panama. Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom)

Rupornis magnirostris alia Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 11, 1929, p. 48. (El Rey, Pearl Islands.)

Confined to El Rey (or San Miguel Island), Pearl Islands, Bay of Pan- ama. - Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard)

Rupornis magmirostris insidiatriz Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 52, 1918, p. 36. (Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.)

Caribbean slope of eastern Panama to northern and western Venezuela.

Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann)

Rupornis magnirostris ecuadoriensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 91. (‘‘Vaqueroi” = Vaqueria(?) Ecuador.)

Western Colombia and western Ecuador.

Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs)

Rupornis magnirostris occidua Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 187. (Rio Tambopata, eastern Peru.)

Rupornis magnirostris zamore Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 31, 1922, p. 3. (Sabanilla, 5700 feet. Rio Zamora, Province of Loja, Ecuador.)

Southeastern Ecuador and Peru east of the Andes, eastward possibly to the Rio Madeira. Buteo magnirostris magnirostris (Gmelin)

Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 282. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton Pl. enlum., no. 464.)

Eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil.

Buteo magnirostris nattereri (Sclater and Salvin)

Asturina natterert Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1869, p.132. (Vicinity of Bahia.) Northeastern Brazil from Maranh4o and Ceara to Bahia (perhaps to Rio de Janeiro and northern Sio Paulo.)

my

h

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 239

Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni)

Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 159. (Rio Mondaih, Paraguay.)

Southern Brazil from Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo (perhaps further north) south to Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay.

Buteo magnirostris superciliaris (Vieillot)

Sparvius superciliaris Vielllot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 328. (Paraguay.)

Potamolegus superciliaris var. furvicollis Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 161. (Asuncién, Paraguay.)

Paraguayan and Argentine Chaco.

Buteo magnirostris gularis (Schlegel)

Asturina gularis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Asturinae, p. 4. (Buenos Aires.)

Uruguay and eastern Argentina in Provinces of Santa Fé, Entre Rios and Buenos Aires. Buteo magnirostris saturatus (Sclater and Salvin)

Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1876, p. 357. (Apolo and Tilotilo, Bolivia.)

Southern Bolivia south through northwestern Argentina to Tucuman.

Buteo leucorrhous (Quoy and Gaimard) Falco Leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de l’ ‘Uranie’, Zodl., pt. 1, 1824, p. 91, pl. 13. (Brazil.) Rupornis nigra Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 162. (Alto Parand, lat. 25°-27°S., Paraguay.)

Northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, south to Ecuador and Peru, north- western and northeastern Argentina and Paraguay.

Buteo brachyurus Vieillot

Buteo brachyurus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 477. (No type locality = Cayenne, substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zodl., 15, 1908, p. 291.

Elanus amauroleucus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 166. Banks of the Alto Parand, lat. 26° and 27°S., Paraguay.) Buteo abbreviatus minimus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 51. (‘ Miri-

tiba, S. Brazil.’”’)

Breeds in southern Florida, possibly in eastern Mexico and Central America and locally in South America where it occurs south to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

oe,

240 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus PARABUTEO Ripcway

Parabuteo Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 250. Type, by monotypy, Buteo harrist Audubon. cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1899, p. 56-57. (Buteo harris.)

Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon) Buteo harrist Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 4, 1837, pl. 392. (Between Bayou Sara and Natchez, Mississippi.)

Southern United States from California to Mississippi south to western Ecuador; Lower California.

Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temminck)

Falco unicinctus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 53, 1824, pl. 313. (Vicinity of Rio Grande, near Boa Vista, Brazil.)

?Buteo ater R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 168. (Province of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zodl., 1902, pl. 5.

?Buteo (Asturina) elegans R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 169. (Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pl. 7. (Not Buteo elegans Cassin, 1855.)

South America (east of the Andes) from Venezuela and Surinam south to Argentina (Provinces of Cérdoba and Buenos Aires) ; northern (?) and cen- tral Chile.

Genus ASTURINA VIEILLOT

Asturina Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, Asturia (sic) cinerea Vieillot = Falco nitidus Latham.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 482-436.

Asturina nitida plagiata Schlegel Asturina plagiata Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Asturinae, p. 1, note. (Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem, Condor, 32, 1930, p. 303. (San Javier, Sonora, Mexico.) Breeds from southern Arizona and the lower Rio Grande Valley south through Mexico to northern Guatemala. Migratory in the northern part of its range.

Asturina nitida micrus Miller and Griscom

Asturina polionota Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 17, 1869, p. 208. (Costa Rica). Not Asturina polionota Kaup, 1847.

Asturina plagiata micrus Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25, 1921, p. 4. (Four miles northeast of Chinandega, Nicaragua.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q41

Asturina plagiata minor ‘“Griscom” Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 90. (Pigres, Costa Rica.)

Central America on the Caribbean slope from British Honduras east to Tela, Honduras; on the Pacific slope south to northwestern Costa Rica.

es 4 Asturina nitida costaricensis Swann

Asturina nitida costaricensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 90. (Pozo del Rio Grande, Bornea [ = Boruca], Costa Rica.)

Southwestern Costa Rica south on the Pacific slope to the Canal Zone.

. t Asturina nitida nitida (Latham) Falco ntidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 41. (Cayenne.) Tropical South America (including Trinidad), from Panama east of the Canal Zone to southern Brazil.

> | Asturina nitida pallida Todd

Asturina nitida pallida Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 170. (Rio Surutu, Bolivia.)

Tropical eastern Bolivia.

Genus LEUCOPTERNIS Kauvp Leucopternis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 210. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Falco melanops Latham. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, Deo)

Morphnarchus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Type, by original designation, Leucopternis princeps Sclater.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 463-474.

a Leucopternis albicollis ghiesbreghti (DuBus)

Buteo ghiesbreghtt DuBus, Esq. Orn., livr. 1, 1845, pl. 1. (‘Hacienda Mirador, several leagues from Vera Cruz,” Mexico.)

Southern Mexico to Guatemala and British Honduras.

~{|— Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis W. L. Sclater

Leucopternis ghiesbreghti costaricensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 76. (Carillo, Costa Rica.)

Honduras to eastern Panama.

~-\~ Leucopternis albicollis albicollis (Latham) Falco albicollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 36. (Cayenne.)

Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas to Amazonian Ecuador, Peru and eastern Brazil (Maranh4o).

Q49 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Leucopternis albicollis occidentalis Salvin

Leucopternis occidentalis Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 496. (Type believed to be from Providence of Loja or Puna Island, Ecuador.)

Western Ecuador.

Leucopternis (albicollis?) polionota Kaup

Asturina (Leucopternis) polionota Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 212. (Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ex Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 17, nomen nudum).

Southern Brazil and Paraguay.

Leucopternis lacernulata (Temminck) Falco lacernulatus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 74, 1827, pl. 437. (Brazil.) Southeastern Brazil.

Leucopternis melanops (Latham) Falco melanops Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 37. (Cayenne.) The Guianas to northern Brazil and eastern Ecuador.

Leucopternis kuhli Bonaparte

Leucopternis Kuhli Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 19. (No type locality = Pard, Brazil, designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 69.)

Amazonian Peru and Brazil.

- Leucopternis semiplumbea Lawrence

Leucopternis semiplumbeus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 7, 1861, p. 288. (Caribbean slope of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the railroad.)

Nicaragua to northwestern Ecuador.

Leucopternis plumbea Salvin Leucopternis plumbea Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 240, pl. 8. (Hcuador.) Eastern Panama to western Ecuador.

Leucopternis schistacea (Sundevall)

Asturina schistacea Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850 (1851), p. 132, note. (Brazil.)

Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to northeastern Brazil.

‘Leucopternis princeps Sclater

Leucopternis princeps Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1865, p. 429, pl. 24. (Costa Rica.)

Costa Rica, western Panama, Ecuador.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q43

Genus KAUPIFALCO Bonaparte

Kaupifalco Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zodl. (2), 6, 1854, p. 533. Type, by monotypy, Falco monogrammicus Temminck.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 251-254.

—-— Kaupifalco monogrammicus monogrammicus (Temminck) Falco monogrammicus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 53, 1824, pl. 314. (Senegal.) Africa south of the Sahara, from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan to Gaboon, Uganda, Kenya and Kilimanjaro.

—#- Kaupifalco monogrammicus merid (Hartlaub)

Micronisus monogrammicus var. Merid. Hartlaub, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1860, p. 109. (Ambriz, Angola.)

Africa from Angola to coastlands of eastern Africa south to Natal and southern Transvaal.

Genus BUTASTUR Hopagson

Butastur Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 311. Type, by original designation, Circus teesa Franklin. cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1186-1188. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 104-108.

-—»-Butastur teesa (Franklin) Circus Teesa Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zod]. Soc. London, 1831 (1832), p. 115. (Further India = Ganges-Nerbudda, apud Stuart Baker.) Northwestern India to northern and western Burma south to Travancore and Tenasserim.

-/— Butastur indicus (Gmelin) Falco indicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 264. (Java, ex La- tham.) Breeds in Ussuriland, Japan and eastern China. In winter to Burma, Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula and Indo-Chinese countries, Philippines, Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea.

f - Butastur liventer (Temminck)

Falco liventer (sic) Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 74, 1827, p. 438. (Celebes, Sumatra, Java and India.)

Burma south to Tenasserim; Siam(?), Indo-China, Borneo, Java and Celebes. a Butastur rufipennis (Sundevall) Poliornis rufipennis Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850 (1851), p. 131. (Near Khartoum.) Senegal east to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and south to the Ivory Coast and the Pangani River.

QA4 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENus HYPOMORPHNUS ! Casanis

Hypomorphnus Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 263. Type, by original designation, Falco urubitinga Linné.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 451-454.

Hypomorphnus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney) Urubitinga ridgwayt Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 1884, p. 148. (Gua- temala.) Mexico (from states of Sonora and Tamaulipas) to Panama.

Hypomorphnus urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin) Falco Urubitinga Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 265. (Brazil.)

Urubitinga urubitinga occidentalis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 97. (Rio Bogota, western Ecuador.)

Tropical South America from Colombia eastward and south to Peru and southern Brazil.

Hypomorphnus urubitinga azarae (Swann)

Urubitinga urubitinga azarae Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 453. (Gomez, Tucumén, Argentina.)

Paraguay and northern Argentina south to Tucumdén and Santa Fé.

GEenus BUTEOGALLUS ? Lesson

Buteogallus Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 83. Type, by mono- typy, Buteogallus cathartoides Lesson = Falco equinoctialis Gmelin.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 449-450. (Buteogallus), p. 455-462 (Urubitinga, part.).

Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus (Lichtenstein)

Falco anthracinus Lichtenstein, Preis.-Verz. Mex. Vég., 1830, p. 3. (Mexico.)

Urubitinga anthracina bangst Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 98. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)

Southern Arizona and Texas (Rio Grande Valley) to Panama (Colom- bia and Venezuela?).

1 Hypomorphnus must replace Urubitinga. Urubitinga was used in a vernac- ular sense by the French ornithologists from Cuvier’s time onward, but its use was always in the vernacular and it was never validated as a generic name prior to 1840. In that year G. R. Gray, in his List Gen. Bds., p. 2, cited Urubitinga in a generic sense as a synonym of Morphnus Cuvier, rendering it untenable from that date.

2 In my opinion the short-legged, short-tailed species with more slender bills formerly associated with Hypomorphnus urubitinga are not very closely related to it. They are, however, not generically separable from Buteogallus, formerly considered monotypic.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q45

}- Buteogallus anthracinus cancrivorus (Clark)

Urubitinga anthracina cancrivora Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 63. (Barrouallie, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.)

St. Vincent (and possibly St. Lucia and Grenada), Lesser Antilles; Trini- dad, north coast of Colombia and Venezuela(?)

, Buteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis)

Hypomorphnus Gundlachit Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, Extra-H. (1855), p. Ixxx. (Cuba.)

Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

Buteogallus subtilis (Thayer and Bangs)

Urubitinga subtilis Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 46, 1905, p. 94. (Gorgona Island, Colombia.)

Pacific slope from El Salvador south to Ecuador (Puna Island).

~ Buteogallus equinoctialis (Gmelin)

Falco equinoctialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 265. (Cayenne.)

Swampy forests of the Atlantic coast of South America from the Orinoco Delta to the Brazilian State of Parana.

Grnus BUSARELLUS LaFrESNAYE

Busarellus Lafresnaye, in d’ Orbigny, Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Nat., 2, 1842, p. 785. Type, by original designation, “‘Le Buseray” Levaillant = Falco nigricollis Latham.

| cf. Swann, Mongr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 246-248.

- Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham)

Falco nigricollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 35. (Cayenne.)

Busarellus nigricollis macropus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 95. (Tally Pan, Manatee River, British Honduras.)

Mexico (Sinaloa and Vera Cruz) south to Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.t

Busarellus nigricollis australis Swann

Busarellus nigricollis australis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 95. (Morovi [= Mocovi, Chaco] Argentina.)

Northern Argentina and Paraguay.

Genus HARPYHALIATUS LarrEsnaYE

Harpyhalietus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zoél., 1842, p. 173. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Harpyia coronata Vieillot.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 475-476. 1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zodél., 32, 1925, p. 267.

QA6 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Harpyhaliztus coronatus (Vieillot)

Harpyia coronata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 237. (Paraguay, ex Azara.)

Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil south to Chile and Argentina (Rio Negro). Genus URUBITORNIS J. Verreaux Urubitornis J. Verreaux, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1856, p. 145. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Circaétus solitarius Tschudi. cf. Kothe, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 1-5.

Urubitornis solitaria (Tschudi)

Circaétus solitarius Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 264. (Peru.)

Central America, south on the Pacific slope of South America to Chile.

GENUS MORPHNUS Dumont

Morphnus Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat.,1, 1816, Suppl., p. 88. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Falco guianensis Daudin (Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 252).

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 19380, p. 479-481.

Morphnus guianensis (Daudin) Falco guianensis Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 78. (Cayenne.)

Tropical rain forest from Honduras to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Amazonian Peru (?).

Morphnus taeniatus Gurney

Morphnus taeniatus Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 176, pl. 3. (Sarayacu, Ecua- dor.)

Known only from eastern Ecuador.

Genus HARPIA ViEILLoT

Harpia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, “Aigle de- structeur” = Vultur harpyja Linné.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 482-484.

Harpia harpyja (Linné) Vultur Harpyja Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. (Mexico, ex Hernandez.)

Mexico from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec south to Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q47

Genus PITHECOPHAGA OcILVIE-GRANT

Pithecophaga Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1896, p. 16. Type, by monotypy, Pithecophaga jeffery Ogilvie-Grant. cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 226-227.

———— Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1896, p. 17. (Samar, Philippine Islands.) Philippine Islands (Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Leyte?)

Genus HARPYOPSIS Satvapori

Harpyopsis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 682. Type, by monotypy, Harpyopsis novaeguineae Salvadori.

; cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 485.

~~. Harpyopsis novaeguineae Salvadori Harpyopsis novae guineae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 682. (Andai, Arfak Peninsula, New Guinea.)

New Guinea. Genus OROAETUS Ripeway

Oroaétus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 1. Type, by original designation, Falco isidori Des Murs.

cf. Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 283-286.

-—~ Oroaétus isidori (Des Murs) Falco Isidori Des Murs, Rev. Zoél., 1845, p. 175 bis. (Santa Fe de Bogota.) Colombia to western Venezuela and south through Ecuador to Bolivia.

GEnus SPIZASTUR G. R. Gray

Spizastur G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds. 1841, p. 3. Type, by original designation, ‘S. atricapillus Cuv.” = Falco atricapillus Temminck (not Wilson) = Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 93-94.

Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot) Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 482. (Guiana.) Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz to Surinam and south to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

948 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus SPIZAETUS Visitor

Spizaétus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Falco ornatus Daudin. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 2.)

Pheoaétus Ridgway, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Type, by original designation, Falco limnaetus Horsfield (new name for Limnaé- tus Horsfield 1830, not Limnetus Bowdich, 1825).

Limnaétops Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 7, 1930, p. 408. Type, by original designation, Limnaétops c. cirrhatus (Gmelin) = Falco cirrhatus Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1131-1183. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 91-93. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 429-432. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 84-93.

Spizaétus ornatus (Daudin)

Falco ornatus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 77. (Cayenne.)

Spizaétus aptirati Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 154. (Mouth of the Rio Mondaih, Paraguay.)

Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz south to Peru, Paraguay, northern Argentina and southern Brazil. Spizaétus devillei Dubois

Spizaétus devillet Dubois, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique (2), 38, 1874, p. 129, pls. 1 and 2. (Baeza, Ecuador.)

Known only from eastern Ecuador, probably the same as ornatus.

Spizaétus tyrannus (Wied) Falco tyrannus Wied, Reise Brasilien, 1, 1820, p. 360. (Quartel dos Arcos, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil.)

Southern Mexico from Vera Cruz south to southeastern Brazil.

Spizaétus nipalensis orientalis Temminck and Schlegel Spizaétos orientalis Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 7; 1845, pl. 3. (Japan.)

Northern Japan in the mountains of Hokkaido and Hondo and (accord- ing to Kuroda in Handlist of Japanese Birds) Shikoku, Korea, and perhaps the island of Kiusiu.

Spizaétus nipalensis fokiensis W. L. Sclater

Spizaetus nipalensis fokiensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, Dec. 8, 1919, p. 837.1. (Fokien Province, China.)

1 This name is a nomen nudum in Swann, Synop. List Accip., pt. 2, Nov. 7, 1919, p. 72.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES © Q49

Southern China in the hills of the provinces of Anwei, Fokien and Kwangtung; south to Indo-Burmese countries and Tenasserim; island of Hainan.

Spizaétus nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)

Nisaétus Nipalensis Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 229,

pl. 7. (Nepal.)

Breeds at elevations between 2000 and 7000 feet in the Himalayas from Kashmir to eastern Assam and the Lichiang Range, Yunnan. Wanders in winter to the plains of India.

Spizaétus nipalensis kelaarti Legge Spizaétus kelaarti Legge, Ibis, 1878, p. 202. (Ceylon.)

Hills of Mysore and Nilgiri Hills south to the Malabar Coast, Travan- core and Ceylon.

Spizaétus nipalensis alboniger (Blyth) Nisaétus alboniger Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, 1845, p. 178. (Malacca.)

Mountains of southern Tenasserim to the Malay Peninsula and south- western Siam; Sumatra, Borneo.

Spizaétus nipalensis bartelsi Stresemann Spizaétus nipalensis bartelsi Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 431. (Melatti Mountains, western Java.)

Mountains of western Java.

‘Spizaétus nipalensis philippensis Gould Spizaetus Philippensis Gould, Bds. Asia, pt. 15, 1863, in text to pl. labelled Spizaétus alboniger (Philippines; Luzon, suggested as type locality by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 121. [Type in Norwich Museum].) Philippine Islands (Luzon, Lubang, Mindoro, Palawan, Masbate, Basi- lan, Siquijor, Negros).

Spizaétus nipalensis lanceolatus Temminck and Schlegel

Spizaétos lanceolatus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 7, in text. (Celebes.)

Celebes and Sula Besi.

Spizaétus cirrhatus limnzetus (Horsfield)

Falco Limneetus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 1388. (Java.) Northern India from Garhwal to eastern Bengal and Assam, south to the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands (Lubang, Mindoro, Calamianes, Palawan, Mindanao).

250 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Spizaétus cirrhatus cirrhatus (Gmelin) Falco cirrhatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 274. (India.) Indian Peninsula (except Travancore) from Etawah and western Bengal southward. Spizaétus cirrhatus ceylanensis (Gmelin) Falco ceylanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 275. (Ceylon.) South Travancore and Ceylon.

Spizaétus cirrhatus andamanensis Tytler

Spizaetus Andamanensis Tytler, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1865, p. 112. (Port Blair, South Andaman Island.)

Andaman Islands.

- Spizaétus cirrhatus floris (Hartert)

Limnaétus limnaétus floris Hartert, Nov. Zoél., 5, 1898, p. 46. (South Flores.)

Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Wetta and Luang).

Spizaétus gurneyi (G. R. Gray)

Aquila (Heteropus?) gurneyi G. R. Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1860, p. 342, pl. 169. (Batchian, given as type locality in original descrip- tion, but specimen from Waigiu is claimed as the type in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 274.)

Northern Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Batjan), Misol, western New Guinea, Jobi Island, Aru Islands and Goodenough Island. Waigiu? Salawatti?

Genus LOPHAETUS Kaur Lophaétus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 165. Type, by monotypy, Falco occipi- talis Daudin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 248-251.

-Lophaétus occipitalis (Daudin)

Falco occipitalis Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 40. (Anteniquoi Country = Knysna Dist., Cape Province, apud Sclater.)

Africa south of the Sahara from Senegal to western Ethiopia south to Cape Province.

Genus CASSINAETUS W. L. SciaTER

Cassinaétus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 76. Type, by original designation, Limnaetus africanus Cassin.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 247-248.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 251

——— - Cassinaétus africanus (Cassin)

Limnaetus africanus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 4. (Ogabi River, Gaboon.)

Spizaétus bates W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 87. (Bitye, Ja River, Cameroon.)

Togoland to Cameroon and Gaboon, eastward to the Welle (Uelle)

region. Genus STEPHANOAETUS W. L. Scuater

Stephanoaétus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 75. Type,

by original designation, Falco coronatus Linné.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 245-247.

——— Stephanoaétus coronatus (Linné) Falco coronatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 124. (Coast of Guinea, ex Edwards, pl. 224.)

Africa from Portuguese Guinea and Uganda south to Angola and Cape Province.

Genus POLEMAETUS Herne Polemaétus Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, p. 270. Type, by monotypy, Falco bellicosus Daudin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 243-245.

..-« Polemaétus bellicosus (Daudin) Falco bellicosus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 38. (Great Namaqua- land between 28°S. lat. and the Tropic.)

Africa south of the Sahara from Gambia and Ethiopia to Cape Province; absent from Guinea and the Equatorial forest region.

Genus HIERAAETUS Kavp

Hieraaétus Kaup, Classif. Saugeth. u. Vég., 1844, p.120. Type, by orig- inal designation, Falco pennata Gmelin.

Anomalaetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by original designation, Spizaétus ayresi Gurney. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1109-1114. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 116-126. Stresemann, Nov. Zo6l., 31, 1924, p. 214-216. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 432-435.

-———- Hieraaétus fasciatus fasciatus (Vieillot)

Aquila fasciata Vieillot, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2, pt. 2, 1822, p. 152. (Montpellier, France.)

Southern Europe south to northern Africa and east to India and south- ern China.

252 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hieraaétus fasciatus spilogaster (Bonaparte)

Spizaétus spilogaster “‘Dubus” Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zodl., 1850, p. 487. (Abyssinia.)

Hieraaetus fasciatus minor Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52,1904, p. 185, pl. 10. (Dambale, near Artu, northern Somaliland.) Ethiopia and Somaliland south to Bechuanaland; also Angola and Windhuk. Hieraaétus pennatus (Gmelin)

Falco pennatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 272. (No type locality given.)

Breeds in the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, southeastern Europe and southern Russia east to southern Transbaikalia, south to northern Africa and India. Winters chiefly in India and northeastern Africa.

Hieraaétus kienerii kienerii (E. Geoffroy)

Astur Kienerut G. 8. [= E. Geoffroy], Mag. Zodl., 1835, cl. 2, pl. 35. (Himalayas.)

Eastern Himalayas from Nepal to eastern Assam and locally south to the Malay Peninsula. Also southwestern India and Ceylon. Hieraaétus kienerii formosus Stresemann

Hieraaétus kieneri formosus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 108. (Northern Celebes.)

Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands east to Sumbawa. Hieraaétus morphnoides weiskei (Reichenow)

Eutolmaetus weiskei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 185. (Astro- labe Mountains, 3000 met., New Guinea.)

Eastern New Guinea.

Hieraaétus morphnoides morphnoides (Gould)

Aquila morphnoides Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 161. (Yarrundi, Upper Hunter River, New South Wales.)

Aquila morphnoides coongani Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 248. (Coongan River, northwest Australia.) .

Australia.

Hieraaétus ayresii (Gurney) Spizaétus ayresit Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 149, pl. 4. (Natal.)

West Africa from Spanish Guinea, Togo and Cameroon to Portuguese Congo; East Africa from Ethiopia through Uganda, Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory to Mozambique.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 953

Genus AQUILA Brisson Aquila Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28, 419. Type, by tautonymy, Aquila Brisson = Falco chrysaétos Linné. Micraetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by orig-

inal designation, Aquila wahlbergi Sundevall. Not Micraétus Bertoni, 1901.

Afraetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924, p. 80. Substitute name for Micraetus Roberts, preoccupied.

Psammoaetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924, p. 79. Type, by original designation, Aquila nipalensis Hodgson.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914-1915, p. 1088-1109. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 59-60. Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, 1925, p. 64-73. ——— Aquila chrysaétos chrysaétos (Linné)

Falco Chrysaétos Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden ex Fn. Suec.)

Europe from Lapland and northern Russia east to western Siberia, south to the Pyrenees, southern Russia, Caucasus and Asia Minor. -e= Aquila chrysaétos fulva (Linné)

Falco fulvus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Europe = Eng- land, ex Ray.)

Breeds in Scotland and on the inner and outer Hebrides; formerly in Ire- land. Very doubtfully distinct from A. c. chrysaétos. Aquila chrysaétos homeyeri Severtzov

Aquila fulua Homeyert Severtzov, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 184. (Balearic Islands and Algeria.)

Spain, Balearic Islands and mountains of northern Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia).

Aquila chrysaétos daphanea Severtzov

Aquila daphanea Severtzov, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 190. (Russian Turkestan, Mongolia, Himalayas, Transbaikalia and Ala-shan Mountains.)

Turkestan and eastern Persia to central Asia, south to the Himalayas.

_ Aquila chrysaétos obscurior Sushkin

Aquila chrysaétos obscurior Sushkin, Bds. of the Russian Altai, ete., 1925, p. 59. (Ogudai, central Altai and basin of the Tchagan-burgasy, Sai- lughem Range.)

Russian Altai east to Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia.

254 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PAquila chrysaétos kamtschatica Severtzov Aquila fulva kamtschatica Severtzov, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos- cou, 15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 180. (Kamchatka.)

Kamchatka.

Aquila chrysaétos japonica Severtzov Aquila fulva japonica Severtzov, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 182. (Japan.)

Japan and Korea, and probably northeastern China.

Aquila chrysaétos canadensis (Linné) Falco canadensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Canada = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.) Northern Alaska to northern Ungava south to Lower California, central Mexico, South Dakota and in the mountains of the eastern United States south to North Carolina.

Aquila heliaca heliaca Savigny Aquila heliaca Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 1809, p. 82, pl. 12. (Upper Egypt.)

Southern Europe from Hungary to southern Russia, thence eastward to Lake Baikal; south to Greece, Cyprus, Asia Minor, northern India and China. South in winter to the Sudan and Somaliland, India and south- eastern China.

Aquila heliaca adalberti C. L. Brehm

Aquila Adalberti C. L. Brehm, Bericht 13, Vers. Deutsch. Orn. Ges., 1860 (1861), p. 60-62. (Spain.)

Spain, and perhaps Algeria. Aquila rapax belisarius (Levaillant jun.)

Falco Belisarius Levaillant jun., Expl. Scient. Algérie, Ois., 1850, pl. 2. (No type locality = Guelma, northeast Algeria.)

Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia.

Aquila rapax raptor A. E. Brehm Aquila raptor A. E. Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 13. (Blue and White Nile.) Aquila albipes A. Chapman, Savage Sudan, 1921, p. 110. (White Nile.) From Kordofan east to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland and southwestern Arabia.

Aquila rapax rapax (Temminck) Falco rapax Temmincek, PI. Col., livr. 76, 1828, pl. 455. (South Africa.)

Africa from Kenya Colony and Angola southward.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 255

~~ Aquila rapax vindhiana Franklin

pany ser oe

Aquila Vindhiana Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1831, p. 114. (Vindhya Hills, central India.)

Aquila murina Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,11, 1900, p. 8. (Darjeeling.)

India to eastern Bengal and Assam; north-central Burma.

Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis Aquila orientalis Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 369, note. (Near Sarepta, southeastern Russia.) Psammoaetus nipalensis bradfieldi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928, p- 301. (Damaraland.)

Breeds in southern Russia from the Don east across the Kirghiz Steppes to southwestern Siberia, Amu Darja and Syr Darja. In winter through the Crimea and Rumania to Mesopotamia and the Egyptian Sudan and Dama- raland.

~ Aquila nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)

Circaétus nipalensis Hodgson, As. Res., 18, pt. 2, 1833, p. 13, pl. 1. (Nepal.) Breeds from the Altai to Mongolia and southeastern Siberia south to northwestern India and the Himalayas. Winters to India and southern China.

Aquila clanga Pallas

Aquila Clanga Pallas, Zoégr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, 1811, p. 351. (Russia and Siberia.)

Breeds in European Russia from lat. 60° N. south to the Balkan States; east through Turkestan, southern Siberia and Transbaikalia to Amurland, south to northwest India and northern China. Winters south to north- eastern Africa, India and southern China.

Aquila pomarina pomarina C. L. Brehm

Aquila Pomarina C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, p. 27. (Pomerania.)

Breeds in northern Germany, the Baltic Provinces south through Poland to the Balkan States, east through Russia, thence to the Caucasus.! Win- ters from southeastern Rumania and Asia Minor to the Sudan and Kenya Colony.

1 Aquila pomarina sinensis Wilder and Hubbard, Journ. Roy. As. Soc., No. China Branch, 55, 1924, p. 206. (Chihli Province, northeastern China) is not an Aquila; the description ‘‘tarsus feathered half-way down...” automati- cally throws it out of the genus. I suspect it may prove to be Buteo buteo burmanicus!!

256 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

' Aquila pomarina hastata (Lesson)

Morphnus hastatus Lesson, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind.-Orient., Zodl., 1834, p. 217. (Bengal.)

India and northern Burma.

Aquila verreauxii Lesson

Aquila Verreauxti Lesson, Cent. Zoél., 1830, p. 105, pl. 38. (Interior of the Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa in the highlands of Ethiopia and Somaliland; mountains of south- ern Africa.

Aquila wahlbergi Sundevall

Aquila Wahlbergi Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7, 1850, (1851), p. 109. (‘‘Caffraria superiori, prope 25° lat.’””. Type from Mohapoani Berg, Bechuanaland.)

Africa from Eritrea and Uganda on the east and Portuguese Guinea on the west, south to Bechuanaland and the Transvaal.

Genus UROAETUS Kaur

Uroaétus Kaup, Classif. Saugeth. u. Vég., 1844, p. 121. Type, by orig- inal designation, fucosa = Aquila fucosa Temminck? = Vultur audax Latham.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 94-115.

Uroaétus audax (Latham)

Vultur audax Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. i. (New South Wales.)

Aquila audax carteri Mathews, Nov. Zodél., 18, 1912, p. 247. (Grace- field, west Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Genus ICTINAETUS BuyrtH

Ictinaétus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 128. Type, by monotypy, [ctinaétus ovivorus Blyth = Aquila pernigra Hodgson.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 82-84; 7, 1930, p. 407-408.

Ictinaétus malayensis perniger (Hodgson) Aquila Pernigra Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 227. (Nepal.) Himalayas to eastern Assam, south to Ceylon, and occasionally to Burma and the Malay Peninsula.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES O57

~~ Ictinaétus malayensis malayensis (Temminck) Falco malayensis ‘“‘Reinw.” Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 20, 1822, pl. 117.

(All the large islands of the Indian Archipelago, principally Java and Sumatra; restricted to Java by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 115.)

Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes and Sula Islands.

Genus HALIAZETUS Savieny

Haliwetus Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 1809, p. 68, 85. Type, by

cf.

monotypy, Haliwetus nisus Savigny = Falco albicilla Linné.

Bangs, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 174-176.

Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 66-69. (Sub nom. Cuncuma.)

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1175-1181.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 131-144. (Sub nom. Cuncuma.)

Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 604-607.

Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 64-65. (Sub nom. Cun- cuma.)

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 108-113.

~~ Haliwetus vocifer clamans C. L. Brehm Haliaétos clamans C. L. Brehm, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 199, note.

(No definite locality: Shoa, designated by Friedmann, supra, p. 66.)

Senegal east to the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia, south to Gaboon and the Ubangi River.

—/~ Halizetus vocifer vocifer (Daudin) Falco vocifer Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 65. (Keurboom River,

Cape Province, ex LeVaillant, pl. 4.)

Africa from Angola? Uganda, and Kenya Colony south to Cape Prov- ince.

Halizetus vociferoides Des Murs Halietus vociferoides Des Murs, Rev. Zodl., 1845, p. 175 bis. (Madagas-

car.)

Madagascar; Mauritius?

Halizetus leucogaster (Gmelin) Falco leucogaster Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 257. (Locality un-

known = New South Wales designated by Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 248.)

Halieetus leucogaster pallidus Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 248.

(Derby, northwest Australia.)

Coasts of India, Ceylon, Burma and the Malay Peninsula and through the entire Malay Archipelago to Australia, Tasmania and western Poly- nesia.!

1 Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 254-255 recognizes Cuncuma l. leucogaster southern Australia and Tasmania; C. 1. pallida northern Australia,

258 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Halizetus leucoryphus (Pallas)

Aquila leucorypha Pallas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 1, 1771, p. 454. (Lower Ural River.)

Southern Russia through central Asia to Transbaikalia and south to the Persian Gulf, northern India and northern Burma.

Halizetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis (Audubon)

Falco Washingtoniensis Audubon, Bds. Am. (fol. ed.), 1827, pl. 11. (Henderson, Kentucky.)

Halicetus leucocephalus alascanus C. H. Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 145. (Unalaska, Aleutian Islands.)

Northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie to northern Ungava and south to British Columbia and the northeastern United States.

Halizetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linné)

Falco leucocephalus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 124. (Carolina, ex Catesby.)

Halieetus floridana H. B. Bailey, Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist., Bull. no. 4, April 1 ( = March 20) 1930, p. [2] (Lower Florida Peninsula).

Approximately the southern half of the United States, south to northern Lower California and northern Mexico.

Halizetus albicilla (Linné)

Falco Albicilla Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.)

Breeds in Greenland, Iceland, northern British Isles (formerly) northern Europe and Asia east to Anadyr and Kamchatka south to the eastern Mediterranean (formerly to Egypt and the Red Sea), Mesopotamia, Persia and Japan. Casually or in winter to northern Africa, northwestern India, southern China and the Aleutian Islands.

Halizetus pelagicus (Pallas)

Aquila pelagica Pallas, Zodgr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, 1811, p. 343 and pl. (Islands between Kamchatka and America.)

?Thalassaétus macrurus Menzbier, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1900, p. 4. (Yakutsk, eastern Siberia.)

‘Moluccas and New Guinea and C. 1. oceanica, Celebes. The last name was given by Meyer and Wiglesworth to Temminck’s pl. 49 of the Pl. Col. Mathews sets it up without telling how it differs, and also leaves the question of name for the bird occupying the ‘‘extralimital” range of the species entirely up in the air. I follow Stuart Baker, whose treatment seems to be entirely sound.

1 There is a steady decrease in the size of H. leucocephalus from north to south throughout its range. Where the line between the two subspecies is drawn is entirely a matter of opinion. Audubon’s type of washingtoniensis had a wing measurement of 32 inches; 4 inches longer than any Alaskan specimen measured by me if measured the same way.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 259

Breeds in Kamchatka and probably also on Sakhalin Island. Occurs on the Commander Islands; south in winter to the coasts of Amur and Ussuri and northern Japan.

Halizetus niger Heude Halieetus niger Heude, Naturaliste, 1887, p. 95. (‘Mer de Tartarie’’.) Figured Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseilles, 19, 1924, pl. 8. Korea. Genus ICTHYOPHAGA Lesson

Icthyophaga Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant (2), 7, 1843, col. 14. Type, by monotypy, Icthyophaga javana Lesson = Falco ichthyetus Hors- field.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 114-118; 7, 1930, p. 414-415.

~~ Icthyophaga ichthyzetus ichthyetus (Horsfield) Falco Ichthyetus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 136. (Java.)

India, Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands and eastward to Celebes.

Icthyophaga ichthyztus plumbeiceps Stuart Baker Ichthyophaga ichthyaétus plumbeiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,1927, p.150. (Trincomalee, Ceylon.)

Ceylon.

Icthyophaga nana plumbea (Jerdon)

Polioaétus plumbeus ‘‘Hodgson,”’ Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 336. (North- western Himalayas.)

Lower Himalayas from Kumaon and Kashmir to eastern Assam and Upper Burma.

Icthyophaga nana nana (Blyth) Ichthydetus nanus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 11, 1842, p. 202. (Malay Peninsula.) Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.

SusBFraMiIty AEGYPIINAE Genus SARCOGYPS LEsson

Sarcogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, col. 1038. Type, by monotypy, Vultur ponticerianus Latham = Vultur calvus Scopoli. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 8-10. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 50-52.

1 Stuart Baker gives Nepal in vol. 7 of Bds. of Brit. Ind.

260 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli)

Vultur caluus Scopoli, Del. Faun. et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85. (Pondi- cherry, ex Sonnerat.)

India and Burma to the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin China.

Genus TORGOS Kavp

Torgos Kaup, Isis, 21, 1828, col. 1144. Type, by monotypy, Vultur auri- cularis Daudin = Vultur tracheliotus Forster.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 46-49.

Torgos tracheliotus nubicus (H. Smith)

Vultur Nubicus H. Smith, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd., 6 (= Aves, 1), 1829, p. 164. (Nubia.)

Algeria (formerly); Egypt to Kordofan, Ethiopia and Somaliland, south to Kenya Colony.

Torgos tracheliotus tracheliotus (J. R. Forster)

Vultur tracheliotus J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Reise Afr., 3, 1791, p. 363, pl. 12. (Cape Colony.)

Africa south of the Zambesi.

Genus AEGYPIUS Savieny

Aegypius Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 68, 73. Type, by monotypy, Vultur niger Daudin = Vultur monachus Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1208-1210. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 22-24.

Aegypius monachus (Linné) Vultur Monachus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 122. (Arabia, ex Edwards, pl. 290.)

Breeds locally in southern Europe from Portugal to the lower Danube, the Caucasus and southern Urals to northeastern Tibet and eastern China, south to northern Morocco, Asia Minor and the Himalayas.

Grnus TRIGONOCEPS Lesson Trigonoceps Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, col. 1038. Type, by monotypy, Vultur occipitalis Burchell. cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 538-55.

Trigonoceps occipitalis (Burchell) Vultur occipitalis Burchell, Travels, 2, 1824, p. 329, note. (Makkwari = Matlowing River, Bechuanaland.) Africa from Senegal to the Blue Nile, south to the Orange River and Natal (absent from the equatorial forest region).

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 261

Genus GYPS Savieny Gyps Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois. 1, 1809, p. 68, 71. Type, by mono- typy, Gyps vulgaris Savigny = Vultur fulvus Hablizl. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1203-1208. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 10-18. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 25-39. —/— Gyps fulvus fulvus (Hablizl)

Vultur fuluus Hablizl, Neue Nord. Beytr., 4, 1783, p. 58. (Mountains of Gilan, Persia.)

Gyps cinnamomeus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 30. (Naryn, southeast Turkestan.)

Mountains of southern Europe (also in Sardinia and Sicily), shores of the ‘Black Sea and north in eastern Russia to lat. 59°, east to Turkestan. South to mountains of northern Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia and Persia. Gyps fulvus fulvescens Hume

Gyps Fulvescens Hume, Rough Notes, 1, March, 1869, p. 15, 19. (Punjab). Also Ibis, July, 1869, p. 365.

Afganistan and northern India to the lower Himalayas.

Gyps (fulvus) coprotheres (J. R. Forster)

Vultur Coprotheres J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Naturg, Afr. Vég., 1798, p. 35, pl. 10. (South Africa.)

South Africa north to the Transvaal.

~~~ Gyps himalayensis Hume

Gyps Himalayensis Hume, Rough Notes, 1869, p.12, 15. (Himalayas from Kabul to Bhutan.)

Mountains of Turkestan, Tibet, the Pamirs and the Himalayas to west- ern China and western Assam. ~/— Gyps ruppellii ruppellii (A. E. Brehm) Vultur Ruppellit A. E. Brehm, Naumannia, 2, 1852, p. 44. (Khartum.) Senegambia and Nigeria to Egypt and the Sudan.

~~¢— Gyps ruppellii erlangeri Salvadori Gyps erlangeri Salvadori, Bol. Mus. Zoél. Torino, 23, 1908, p. 3. (Shoa.) Highlands of Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia and Somaliland.

Gyps indicus indicus (Scopoli)

Vultur indicus Scopoli, Del. Faun. et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85. (India, ex Sonnerat.)

Indian Peninsula.

262 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Gyps indicus jonesi Whistler

Gyps indicus jonest Whistler, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 74. (Mar- gala Range, Rawal Pindi district.)

Northwestern India in low hill ranges (1500-2500 feet) between the Salt Range and the Indus. Gyps indicus nudiceps Stuart Baker

Gyps indicus nudiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 151. (New name for Gyps tenuirostris Hume, Khatmandoo, Nepal.)

Lower Himalayas through Bengal, Assam and Burma to the Malay Peninsula and Indo-Chinese countries.

Genus PSEUDOGYPS SHarpPE

Pseudogyps Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11, 1873, p. 133. Type, by subsequent designation, Vultur bengalensis Gmelin. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 11.)

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 48. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 40-45. - Pseudogyps bengalensis (Gmelin) Vultur bengalensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 245. (Bengal.) Indian Peninsula east to southern Yunnan, south to Siam and Cochin China, Malay Peninsula to Penang. Pseudogyps africanus (Salvadori)

Gyps africanus Salvadori, Not. Stor. R. Accad. Torino, 1865, p. 133. (Sennar.)

Pseudogyps africanus filleborni Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 22. (Lake Rukwa, Nyasaland.)

Pseudogyps africanus schillingsi Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 22. (Mkomasi, German East Africa.)

Pseudogyps africanus zechi Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 22. (Kratschi, Togoland.)

West Africa, Sudan and Ethiopia to Angola, Nyasaland and Transvaal.

Genus NECROSYRTES G.iocer Necrosyrtes Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 236. Type, by monotypy, Cathartes monachus Temminck. cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 60-62.

Necrosyrtes monachus monachus (Temminck) Cathartes monachus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 38, 1823, pl. 222. (Senegal.) West Africa from Senegambia to the Gold Coast.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 263

—— Necrosyrtes monachus pileatus (Burchell)

Vultur pileatus Burchell, Travels, 2, 1824, p. 195, note. (Hopetown Dis- trict, Cape Province.)

Bahr-el-Ghazal, White Nile and Somaliland south to the Orange River and Natal.

Genus NEOPHRON Savieny Neophron Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 68, 75 and 76. Type, by monotypy, Vultur percnopterus Linné. cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1200-1202.

—-j— Neophron percnopterus percnopterus (Linné) Vultur Perenopterus (sic) Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 87. (Egypt.) Neophron percnopterus rubripersonatus Zarudny and Harms, Orn. Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 52. (Persian Baluchistan.)

Southern Europe north to southern France, Bukowina and southern Russia, east to Turkestan, Afganistan and northwestern India; south to Morocco, Egypt (and thence to South Africa) Arabia, Persia and Sind. Canary and Cape Verde Islands. ~-— Neophron percnopterus ginginianus (Latham) Vultur ginginianus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 7. (Gingee, Coroman- del, ex Sonnerat.)

Indian Peninsula from the eastern limit of p. percnopterus, the lower Himalayas and Bengal southward; rare in Ceylon.

Genus GYPOHIERAX Ripprriu Gypohierax Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1835, p. 46. Type, by orig- inal designation, and monotypy, Falco angolensis Gmelin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 270-273.

~~. Gypohierax angolensis (Gmelin) Falco angolensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 252. (Angola.)

West Africa from Gambia to Angola, east to Niam Niam country; oc- casional in eastern Africa.

Genus GYPAETUS Srorr

Gypaétus Storr, Alpenreise, 1784, p. 69. Type, by monotypy, Gypaétus grandis Storr = Vultur aureus Hablizl.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1193-1199.

1 This form apparently based only on sight observations has never been confirmed.

264 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

| Gypaétus barbatus aureus (Hablizl) Vultur aureus Hablizl, Neue Nord. Beytr., 4, 1783, p. 64. (Province of Gilan, northern Persia.) Mountains of southeastern Europe (Pyrenees, formerly; Alps, Ap- penines), islands in the Mediterranean Sea, east to northern China and south to southern Arabia and the Himalayas.

Gypaétus barbatus barbatus (Linné) Vultur barbatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 87. (Africa = Santa Cruz, near Oran, ex Edwards, pl. 106.) Northern Africa (mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia).

Gypaétus barbatus meridionalis Keyserling and Blasius Gypaetos meidionalis (sic) Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Eur., 1840, p. xxvill. (South Africa.) Mountains of Ethiopia and of South Africa.

SUBFAMILY CIRCINAE GreNnus CIRCUS Lac&PEDE

Circus Lacépéde, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Falco aeruginosus Linné. (Lesson, Man. d’ Orn., 1, 1828, p. 105.)

Pseudocircus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 207. Type, by original designation, Accipiter macrourus 8. G. Gmelin.

Melanocircus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 207. Type, by original designation, Falco maurus Temminck.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1133-1145.

Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 236-238. Sclater, Syst. Av. Althiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 73-74. Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 262-269. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 102-124.

f Circus cyaneus cyaneus (Linné)

Falco cyaneus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 126. (Europe, Africa = vicinity of London, England, ex Edwards, pl. 225.)

Breeds in Europe north to the Arctic Circle (casually further) and in Asia south of the tundra east probably to the Lena River; south to the Pyrenees, Italy, Turkestan and Tibet. Winters in the region about the Mediterranean, northeastern Africa, northern India, Burma, China, Japan (?).

~~ Circus cyaneus taissiae Buturlin Circus taissiae Buturlin, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 283 and note. (North- east Siberia.) Circus cyaneus cernuus Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. CL., 5, 1914, p. 32. (Nischny Kolymsk.)

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 265

Breeds in northeastern Siberia, limits not known. Winter range not known, possibly Japan.

~ Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linné)

Falco hudsonius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 128. (Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.) Breeds in North America from northwestern Alaska, Mackenzie, north-

ern Manitoba, central Quebec and Newfoundland, south to northern Lower California, southern Texas, Ohio and Virginia. Winters from southern

' British Columbia, South Dakota, southern Michigan, southern New York

and southern New England, south through Central America (occasionally to Colombia) and Cuba; casual in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

Circus macrourus (8. G. Gmelin)

Accipiter macrourus S. G. Gmelin, Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., 15, 1770 (1771), p. 439, pl. 8,9. (Voronezh, southern Russia.)

Breeds from the Baltic Sea provinces east to Tarbagatai and the Tian Shans, south to Rumania, southern Russia and Ferghana. Winters in Africa from the Sudan to Cape Province; India, Ceylon and Burma.

Circus assimilis quirundus Mathews

Circus assimilis quirundus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 23. (‘‘Ce- lebes and the northern Islands.’’)

Circus assimilis celebensis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 48. (Minahasa, Celebes.)

Celebes.

?Circus assimilis rogersi Mathews

Circus assimilis rogerst Mathews, Nov. ZoGl., 18, 1912, p. 244. (Fitzroy River, Northwest Australia.)

Northwest Australia, Northern Territory and northern Queensland.

Circus assimilis assimilis Jardine and Selby

Circus assimilis Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 1, 1828, sig. H, pl. 51 and text. (Near Sidney, New South Wales.)

Australia, south of the range of rogersi; Tasmania.

Circus pygargus (Linné) Falco Pygargus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe = England, ex Albin.)

Breeds in England and through northern Europe (south of lat. 57°) and Asia to Turkestan, Altai and northwestern Mongolia; south to Spain, northwestern Africa, Italy and Rumania. Winters from Palestine to South Africa, India, Ceylon and Assam.

266 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_-Circus melanoleucus (Pennant) Falco melanoleucus Pennant, Indian Zodl., 1769, p. 2, pl. 2. (aston

Breeds from Lake Baikal east to Weaniaa and south to Mongolia, northern China and the Amur region. Winters in eastern India, Burma, southern China; Indo-Chinese countries, Borneo and the Philippines.

Circus maurus (Temminck) Falco maurus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 78, 1828, pl. 461. (Cape of Good Hope.) Natal and Cape Province.

Circus cinereus Vieillot

Circus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 454. (Para- guay, ex Azara.)

South America from central Peru and eastern Bolivia (casually to Keuador and Colombia) south to the Straits of Magellan.

Circus buffoni (Gmelin)

Falco Buffoni Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 277. (Cayenne.)

Eastern South America from Venezuela and British Guiana to the Straits of Magellan; Chile; Trinidad.

/- Circus eruginosus eruginosus (Linné)

Falco eruginosus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds from southern Sweden and Denmark east to the Yenessei, south to the Mediterranean, Turkestan and Mongolia. In winter to South Africa, India, Malay Peninsula, southern China, Japan and the Philip- pines.

Circus zruginosus harterti Zedlitz Circus aeruginosus harterti Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 133. (Mhoiwla, Morocco.)

Breeds in southern Spain (Provinces of Cadiz and Sevilla), Morocco and

northern Algeria; probably also in Tunisia and Egypt.

Circus ranivorus aequatorialis Stresemann Circus aeruginosus aequatorialis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 48. (Kiraragua, Kilimanjaro.) Kast Africa from Uganda to Nyasaland.

—~ Circus ranivorus ranivorus (Daudin)

Falco ranivorus Daudin, Traité d’Orn., 2, 1800, p. 170. (South Africa, ex Levaillant = Cape Colony, apud Sclater, 1924, p. 74.)

South Africa, north to the Transvaal.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 267

—-/— Circus spilonotus spilonotus Kaup Circus spilonotus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 958. (Asia.)

Breeds from Turkestan to Transbaikalia, south to Tibet, Mongolia and northern China. Winters to southern China, Formosa, Indo-Chinese coun-

tries and the Philippines.

?Circus spilonotus spilothorax Salvadori and d’Albertis Circus spilothorax Salvadori and d’Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 807. (Yule Island, New Guinea.) Unique. Perhaps an aberrant, stray spzlonotus.

—_ f- Circus spilonotus maillardi J. Verreaux Circus Maillardi J. Verreaux, in Maillard, Ile Réunion, 1862, p. 160. (Réunion Island.)

Réunion Island.

we Circus spilonotus macrosceles A. Newton Circus macrosceles A. Newton, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1863, p. 180. (Madagascar.) Comoro Islands and Madagascar.

—— Circus approximans approximans Peale Circus approximans Peale, U. 8. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 64. (Ma- thuata, Venua Levu, Fiji Islands.)

Fiji Islands.

Circus approximans wolfi Gurney

Circus wolfi Gurney, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1865 (1866), p. 823, pl. 44. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia, (New Hebrides?).

- <a Circus approximans gouldi Bonaparte Circus gouldi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 34. (Australia. Re- stricted type locality, New South Wales, apud Mathews.) Circus approximans inexpectatus Mathews, Nov. Zo6l., 18, 1912, p. 245. (Parry’s Creek, northwest Australia.) Circus approximans drummondi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 419. (“New Zealand.”’) Southeastern New Guinea, Australia (except western), Tasmania, New Zealand. Nore. Sclater (Syst. Av. Athiop., 1930, app., p. 840) sets up Circus Humblote Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, Oiseaux, 1, p. 747; 2, Atl. 1,

pl. 29A, 29B, f. 1, 1a, 1b, 29C, f. 1, la 1885? (= 1876-1879?) believing it to be a distinct species generally overlooked. The description is based on a young

_—

268 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

bird; no color characters are given to distinguish it from young macrosceles but the figures show the tips of the wings reaching to the tip of the tail. The meas- urements given for the wing and tail of macrosceles and humbloti by Milne- Edwards and Grandidier are approximately the same, however. It therefore would appear that in the type of humbloti the tail had been shoved up into the body of the skin.

Genus GERANOSPIZA Kaup Geranospiza Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 183. Type, by original designation, Falco gracilis Temminck. cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 154-159.

Geranospiza nigra livens Bangs and Penard

Geranospiza caerulescens livens Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 34, 1921, p. 89. (Alamos, southern Sonora.)

Northwestern Mexico (known only from a breeding pair from the type locality). Geranospiza nigra nigra (Du Bus)

Ischnosceles niger Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 14, pt. 2, 1847, p. 102. (Mexico.)

Northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) south to Panama.

Geranospiza nigra balzarensis W. L. Sclater

Geranospiza niger balzarensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p.45. (Balzar Mountains, Province of Guayas, Ecuador.)

Eastern Panama and tropical South America west of the Andes to south- western Ecuador and Puna Island. Geranospiza cerulescens (Vieillot)

Sparvius cerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 318. (South America: Cayenne, designated as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 9, 1902, p. 114.)

Eastern Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Brazil.

Geranospiza gracilis (Temminck) Falco gracilis Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 16, 1821, pl. 91. (Eastern Brazil.)

Eastern Brazil (south of the Amazon) to the Bolivian Chaco, Paraguay and northern Argentina.

Genus GYMNOGENYS Lesson

Gymnogenys Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 64. Type, by mono- typy, Vultur radiatus Scopoli.

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 74-75; pt. 2, 1930 (app.), p. 840.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 269

—f- Gymnogenys radiatus (Scopoli) Vultur radiatus Scopoli, Del. Faun. et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85. (Madagascar, ex Sonnerat.)

Madagascar.

. Gymnogenys typicus pectoralis (Sharpe) Polyboroides pectoralis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903, p. 50. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Gymnogenys typicus kempi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 17. (Bo, Sierra Lecne.) West Africa from Portuguese Guinea to Cameroon.

Sie Gymnogenys typicus typicus (A. Smith) Poloboroides (sic) typicus A. Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 107. (Eastern Cape Province.) Gymnogenys typicus grauert Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 17. (Kisseyi, Lake Kivu.) East and South Africa from the Egyptian Sudan to Cape Province.

Supramity CIRCAETINAE Genus TERATHOPIUS LeEsson

Terathopius Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 46. Type, by mono- typy, Falco ecaudatus “Shaw” = Falco ecaudatus Daudin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 264-267. Friedmann, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 63-66.

~--- Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin) Falco ecaudatus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 54. (Anteniquoi Country = Knysna district, Cape Province, apud Sclater.) Senegal, the Egyptian Sudan, and Ethiopia south to Cape Province.

Genus CIRCAETUS Vieittot

Circaétus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘Jean-le- Blane” Buffon = Falco gallicus Gmelin.

Smithaetus ! Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 209. Type, by orig- inal designation, Circaétus pectoralis A. Smith.

Melaneatus1 Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 209. Type, by original designation Circaétus cinereus Vieillot.

cf. Bannermann, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 19380, p. 256-262.

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1188-1190. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 165-166.

1 Originally proposed as a subgenus.

270 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

. Circaétus gallicus gallicus (Gmelin)

Falco gallicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 259. (France.)

Breeds from central Europe east to Turkestan and Mongolia, south to northern Africa, Persia, India and northern China. Migratory in the northern part of its range. Winters chiefly in northeastern Africa. Circaétus gallicus beaudouini Verreaux and Des Murs

Circaétus beaudouint Verreaux and Des Murs, Ibis, 1862, p. 212, pl. 7. (Bissao, Portuguese Guinea.)

Senegal to Kordofan, south to eastern Cameroon.

Circaétus gallicus pectoralis A. Smith Circeetus pectoralis A. Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 109. (South Africa.) Circaetus rufulus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 13, 1905, p. 179. (Songea, Tanganyika Territory.)

White Nile and Ethiopia south through eastern Africa to Cape Province; southwest Africa.

-.Circaétus cinereus Vieillot

Circaétus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 23, 1818, p. 445. (Senegal.)

Plains region of upper Guinea east through the Sudan to Ethiopia, south to Cape Province. Circaétus fasciolatus Gurney

Circaétus fasciolatus Gurney, Ibis, 1861, p. 180. (Natal, ex Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1848, p. 18, where a nomen nudum.)

Coastal region of Tanganyika Territory to Nyasaland and Natal.

Circaétus cinerascens J. W. Miiller

Circaétus cinerascens J. W. Miiller, Naumannia, Heft 4, 1851, p. 27. (Sennar.) Portuguese Guinea east to the Egyptian Sudan and Blue Nile, south to northern Angola and the Zambesi River; absent from the Equatorial Forest.

Genus SPILORNIS G. R. Gray Spilornis G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 3. Type, by original designation, Falco bacha ‘‘Shaw” = Falco bassus J. R. Forster. Haematornis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zoél. Soc. London, 1831 (March, 1832), p. 170. Not Haematornis Swainson, Feb., 1832. (Turdidae.)

cf. Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 278-279. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 227-230.

ey

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q71

Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 38-41. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 96-103; 7, 1930, p. 410-411.

—Spilornis cheela cheela (Latham)

Falco Cheela Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 14. (India = Lucknow, fide W. L. Sclater supra.)

Northern India from Kashmir and Sind to eastern Assam, north of the Brahmapootra.

~ Spilornis cheela albidus ! (Temminck)

Falco albidus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 4, 1820, pl. 19. (Pondicherry.) India south of the Himalayas (except Travancore).

~ Spilornis cheela spilogaster (Blyth)

Haematornis spilogaster Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 21, 1852, p. 351. (Ceylon.)

South Travancore and Ceylon.

Spilornis cheela burmanicus Swann Spilornis cheela burmanicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 81. (Jobin, Thayetmyo, Burma.) Assam (south of the Brahmapootra) to the Shan States and Tonkin, south to northern Tenasserim. Spilornis cheela davisoni Hume

Spilornis Davisont Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 307. (Neighborhood of Port Blair, South Andamans.)

Andaman Islands.

- Spilornis cheela bassus (J. R. Forster)

Falco Bassus J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Naturg. Afr. Vég., 1798, p. 55, pl. 15. (Mountains of Great Namaqualand, error = Malacca or Sumatra.)

Falco bacha Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 43. (Mountains of Great Namaqualand error = Malacca or Sumatra.)

Sprlornis cheela malayensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 83. (Raub, Pahang, Malay Peninsula.) 2

Southern Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

1 The genus Spilornis is generally regarded as masculine.

2 The renaming of Falco bacha Daudin was uncalled for. Levaillant’s plate and description on which the name is based agree closely with the Spilornis from the Malay Peninsula. Levaillant’s account of the habits of ‘‘Le Bacha”’ and the region it was supposed to inhabit undoubtedly refer to a Spizaétus or one of the closely allied genera, but that is no reason for discarding a name based exclusively on a recognizable plate. If names are thrown out simply be- cause the type locality is erroneous, many more names among the early authors would find their way into the discard.

oy

Q72 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Spilornis cheela floweri Swann Spilornis cheela flowert Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 81. (Tanka- man and Chantaboon, Siam.) Siam.

Spilornis cheela ricketti W. L. Sclater

Spilornis cheela rickettt W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 37. (Yamakan, 1500 feet, Fokien, China.) Northeastern Burma to southern Yunnan and southeastern China.

Spilornis cheela perplexus Swann

Spilornis cheela perplecus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 135. (““Triomate Yayeyama, S. Loo Choo Is.” = Yayeyama, Iriomote Island, Riukiu Islands.)

Southern Riukiu Islands (Ishigaki and Iriomote).

Spilornis cheela hoya Swinhoe Spilornis hoya Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 304. (Formosa.) Island of Formosa.

Spilornis cheela rutherfordi Swinhoe Spilornis rutherfordi Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 85. (Central Hainan.) Island of Hainan.

Spilornis cheela salvadorii Berlepsch Spilornis salvadorii Berlepsch, Nov. Zoél., 2, 1895, p. 73. (Nias Island.) Nias Island (off the southwestern coast of Sumatra).

Spilornis cheela bido (Horsfield) Falco Bido Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, 1821, p. 137. (Java.) Java.

Spilornis cheela baweanus Oberholser Spilornis bassus baweanus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 52, 1917, p. 185. (Bawean Island, Java Sea.) Bawean Island (between Java and Borneo.) Doubtfully distinct from bido.

Spilornis cheela richmondi Swann

Spilornis cheela richmondi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 135. (Kendawangan River, southwest Borneo.)

Southwestern Borneo.

f Spilornis cheela pallidus Walden Spilornis pallidus Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 363 in text. (Sarawak.) Lowlands of Borneo from Sarawak to Sandakan.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Qi3

Spilornis cheela kinabaluensis W. L. Sclater

Spilornis cheela kinabaluensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 37. (Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo.)

Mountains of northern Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu and Mt. Dulit).

~- ae Spilornis cheela palawanensis W. L. Sclater

Spilornis cheela palawanensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 38. (Palawan.)

Southwestern Philippines (Islands of Busuanga, Calamianes, Palawan and Balabac). — ofa Spilornis minimus minimus Hume

Spilornis minimus Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 464. (Camorta, Nico- bar Islands.)

Northern Nicobar Islands (Camorta, Trinkat, Nancoury and Katschall).

—f- Spilornis minimus klossi Richmond

Spilornis klossi Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 304. (Pulo Kunyi, Great Nicobar Island.)

Southern Nicobar Islands; (known only from Great Nicobar). Spilornis elgini elgini (Blyth)

Haematornis elgini ‘‘Tytler” Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 32, 1863, p. 87. (South Andaman Island.)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

--}--Spilornis elgini abbotti Richmond

Spilornis abbottt Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 26, 1903, p. 492. (Simalur Island.)

Simalur Island (off northwest coast of Sumatra).

i Spilornis elgini sipora Chasen and Kloss

Spilornis elgini sipora Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 278, pl. 3. (Sipora Island.)

Sipora Island (off west coast of Sumatra).

Spilornis rufipectus raja Sharpe

Spilornis raja Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1898, p. 55. (Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo.)

Sarawak region, Borneo.

—)— Spilornis rufipectus rufipectus Gould _ Spilornis rufipectus Gould, Proc. Zod]. Soc. London, 1857, p. 222. (Ma- cassar.)

Celebes.

Q74 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

“ Spilornis rufipectus sulaénsis (Schlegel)

Circaétus sulaénsis Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., Valkvog., 1866, p. 38. (Sula Islands.)

Sula Islands.

— Spilornis holospilus holospilus (Vigors)

Buteo holospilus Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zoél. Soc. London, 1830 (1831), p. 96. (Near Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.)

Philippine Islands (except those occupied by the next race); Sulu Archipelago.

4 Spilornis holospilus panayensis Steere

Spilornis Panayensis Steere, Bds. Mamm. Steere Exp., 1890, p. 7. (Guimaras, Panay, Negros, Philippine Islands.)

West-central group of the Philippines (Tablas, Sibuyan, Panay, Gui- maras, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor). Ae Spilornis asturinus A. B. Meyer

Spilornis asturinus A. B. Meyer, Abh. Nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884, p.13. (Locality unknown.)

Known only from the unique type in the Dresden Museum.

Gzenus DRYOTRIORCHIS SHELLEY Dryotriorchis Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90. Type, by monotypy, Astur spectabilis Schlegel. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 254-256.

/ Dryotriorchis spectabilis spectabilis (Schlegel)

Astur spectabilis Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 1, 1863, p. 131, Vog. pl. 6. (St. George Elmina, Gold Coast.)

Liberia to southern Nigeria and northern Cameroon.

/ Dryotriorchis spectabilis batesi Sharpe Dryotriorchis batesi Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 601. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Southern Cameroon south to Gaboon and east to the Aruwhimi River, Belgian Congo. Grnus EUTRIORCHIS SwHarpe Eutriorchis Sharpe, Proc. Zo6l. Soc. London, 1875, p. 73. Type, by orig- inal designation and monotypy, Hutriorchis astur Sharpe. cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 63.

/--Eutriorchis astur Sharpe

Eutriorchis astur Sharpe, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1875, p. 73, pl. 13. (Southern Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES Q75

SupramMity PANDIONINAE Grnus PANDION Savieny Pandion Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 69, 96. Type, by monotypy, Pandion fluvialis Savigny = Falco halietus Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1190-1193. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 293-302.

~-/~ Pandion haliztus carolinensis (Gmelin) Falco carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 263. (No locality given = Carolina, ex references.)

Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Ungava and Newfoundland south to Lower California, western Mexico and Gulf Coast of the United States. Winters from the southern United States through Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to Peru, northern Argentina and Paraguay.

- Pandion halietus ridgwayi Maynard Pandion Ridgweir (sic) Anonymous [ = C. J. Maynard] Am. Exch. and Mart, 3, no. 3, Jan. 15, 1887. (Andros Island, Bahamas.) Resident in the Bahama Islands and the coasts of Yucatan ! and British Honduras.

_ } Pandion haliztus haliztus (Linné)

Falco Halietus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.)

Breeds in Europe and Asia from Scotland (formerly) and Lapland east to Kamchatka and Japan, south to Spain, northern Africa, islands in the Mediterranean, Greece, coasts of the Red Sea, southern Arabia, the Him- alayas and southern China. In winter south to South Africa, India, the Philippines and the Sunda Islands.

j ~~ }

~—}- Pandion haliztus cristatus (Vieillot)

Buteo cristatus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 481. (New South Wales = Tasmania, fide Mathews.)

Pandion haliaétus melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 34. (Melville Island, Northern Territory.)

Java, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Bis- marck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Australia, Tasmania. Pandion haliztus microhaliaétus Brasil

Pandion haliaétus microhaliaétus Brasil, Rev. Franc. d’ Orn., 4, 1916, p- 201. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia. 1 Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 13.

276 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity FALCONIDAE

SUBFAMILY HERPETOTHERINAE Genus HERPETOTHERES VIEILLoT

Herpetotheres Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 18, 1817, p. 317. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco cachinnans Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 3.)

cf. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 23-24.

Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs and Penard

Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 37. (Quintana Roo; type from Santa Lucia, Rio Hondo.)

Southern Mexico from Nayarit and Vera Cruz south to the Canal Zone.

Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linné)

Falco cachinnans Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (South America, ex Rolander. Type locality restricted to Surinam by Ber- lepsch, Nov. Zo0l., 15, 1908, p. 290.)

Herpetotheres Ss fulvescens Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 638. (Alto Bonito, 1500 feet, west slope of western eels Antioquia, Colombia.)

Eastern Panama from the Canal Zone; northern South America south to southwestern Ecuador and northern Brazil north of the Amazon.

_..Herpetotheres cachinnans maestus Bangs and Noble

Herpetotheres cachinnans maestus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 444. (Bellavista, Peru.)

Northwestern Peru.

~ Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus Bangs and Penard Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 23. (Pernambuco, Brazil.)

Eastern Ecuador; Brazil south of the Amazon through tropical Bolivia south to the Argentine Chaco, Paraguay and southern Brazil.

Genus MICRASTUR G. R. Gray

Micrastur G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1841, p. 6. Type, by original designation, Falco brachypterus Temminck = Sparvius semitorquatus Vieillot.

Thrasyaccipiter M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 164. Type, by monotypy, Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnus M. and Ww. Perey Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES QT7

Clamosocircus Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 145. Type, by original designation, Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot.

cf. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 343-347. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 140-153. (Clamosocircus and Micrastur.)

——~ Micrastur semitorquatus ! naso? (Lesson) Carnifex naso Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, (6), 2, 1842, col. 1085. (Realejo, Nicaragua.) Mexico from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas to northern Colombia and Vene- zuela.

Micrastur semitorquatus semitorquatus (Vieillot) Sparvius semi-torquatus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 322. (Paraguay, ex Azara.) Eastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina.

?Micrastur semitorquatus buckleyi Swann Micrastur melanoleucus buckleyi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 15, subst.? (Sarayacu, Ecuador.) Amazonian Ecuador (perhaps not different from semitorquatus).

Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel)

Astur mirandollei Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p. 27. (Surinam.)

Southeastern Costa Rica to the Guianas, eastern Peru and northern Brazil.

~ Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot)

Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 322. (South America = Brazil, subst. by Swann, supra, p. 145.)

Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnus M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Para- guayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 164. (Forests of the Alto Parana.)

?Accipiter virgatus M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 163. (Djaguarasapa, lat. 27° 30’S., Alto Parand, Paraguay) not Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 = Accipiter virgatus virgatus (Temminck.)

Brazil from Matto Grosso and southern Piauhy south to Parand, Para- guay and northern Argentina.

1 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 99.

* Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 70, 1930, p. 186.

3 Part 2 contained a sheet of addenda and corrigenda, ordering the can- cellation of p. 15 and 16 of pt. 1 and included new pages to replace them; M.m. buckleyi was described on the substituted 15th page.

278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cabanis)

Climacocercus zonothorax Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 13, 1865, p. 406. (Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.)

Santa Marta Mountains of Colombia, and mountains of northern Vene- zuela.

Micrastur ruficollis gilvicollis (Vieillot)

Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 323. (No locality = Cayenne, substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zodl., 17, 1910, p. 410.)

The Guianas and the Amazon Valley from the eastern Andes to Pard.

Micrastur ruficollis guerilla Cassin

Micrastur guerilla Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848, p. 87. (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Southern Mexico to Guatemala.

Micrastur ruficollis interstes Bangs Micrastur interstes Bangs, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 289. (La Estrella de Car- tago, Costa Rica.) Costa Rica south to western Colombia and western Ecuador.

Micrastur plumbeus W. L. Sclater

Micrastur plumbeus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 44. (Carondelet, Rio Bogota, Province of Esmereldas, Ecuador.) Fig. Ibis, 1918, pl. 8.

Northwestern Ecuador. Doubtfully distinct from interstes.

SuBraMity POLYBORINAE

Genus DAPTRIUS VIEILLoT Daptrius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 22, 68. Type, by monotypy, Dap- trius ater Vieillot.

cf. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 23-25. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 75-79. (Ibycter, part.)

Daptrius ater Vieillot Daptrius ater Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 68. (Brazil.)

Tropical South America from eastern Ecuador and the lower Orinoco to Amazonian Brazil and Maranhao.

Daptrius americanus guatemalensis (Swann) Ibycter americanus guatemalensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 14. (Guatemala.)

Tropical Central America from Guatemala to the Canal Zone.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 279

——~ Daptrius americanus americanus (Boddaert)

Falco americanus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 25. (Ex Dauben- ton, pl. 417, no type locality = Cayenne, ex Buffon.)

Tropical South America from eastern Panama south to central Peru and through Venezuela and the Guianas to southern Brazil.

Genus MILVAGO Sprx Milvago Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 12. Type, by monotypy, Milvago ochrocephalus Spix = Polyborus chimachima Vieillot. cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 88-93.

~~ Milvago chimachima cordatus Bangs and Penard

Miulvago chimachima cordata Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, 1918, p. 35. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)

Panama and Colombia eastward to British Guiana.

~~ Milvago chimachima paludivagus Penard

Milvago chimachima paludivaga Penard, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. CL., 8, 1923, p. 36. (Paramaribo, Surinam.)

Surinam and probably Cayenne.

Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot) Polyborus chimachima Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 259. (Paraguay, ex Azara.)

Northeastern Peru and eastern Brazil from the Amazon south to Para- guay, the Argentine Chaco and Uruguay.

~——. Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot) Polyborus chimango Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 260. (Rare in Paraguay, common on the Rio de la Plata, ex Azara.)

Southern South America from northern Chile, Paraguay and south- eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) south on the west to central Chile and on the east to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

—.Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater

Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 48. (Palal, near Temuco, Chile.)

Southern Chile (Cautin Province and southward).

GreNus PHALCOBCEENUS D’Orsieny

Phalcobenus d’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mérid., livr. 2, 1834, Ois., pl. 2. Type, by monotypy, Phalcobenus montanus d’Orbigny = Aquila mega- loptera Meyen.

ef. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 23-26. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 80-87. (Ibycter, part.)

280 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phalcobcenus australis (Gmelin) Falco australis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 259. (Staten Island.) Islands off Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island, the Falkland Islands.

Phalcobeenus albogularis Gould Polyborus (Phalcobenus) albogularis Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1837, p. 9. (Santa Cruz, Argentina.) Ibycter circumcinctus Scott, Auk, 27, 1910, p. 152. (Chubut, territory of ~‘Chubut, Argentina.) Western and southern Argentina from the Sierra de Mendoza and north- western Rio Negro to Santa Cruz.

.Phalcobceenus megalopterus carunculatus Des Murs

Phalcobenus carunculatus Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zoél., 1853, p. 154. (Colombia.)

Paramo Zone of Colombia and Ecuador.

Phalcobcenus megalopterus megalopterus (Meyen)

Aquila megaloptera Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol, 16, Suppl. 1, 1834, p. 64, pl. 7. (Highest regions of the Cordillera of Chile.)

Puna Zone of northern Peru south to Chile, including the Puna of Salta

and Jujuy and the Sierra de Tucumén, northwestern Argentina.

GEeNus POLYBORUS VIEILLOT

Polyborus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 22. Type, by monotypy, ‘“‘Cara- cara”’ Buffon = Falco plancus J. F. Miller.

cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 67-74.

Polyborus plancus plancus (J. F. Miller) Falco Plancus J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1777, pl. 17. (Tierra del Fuego.) Southern South America from Chile, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

Polyborus plancus brasiliensis (Gmelin) Falco brasiliensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 262. (Brazil.) South America from the Amazon south to northern Paraguay and southern Brazil.

Polyborus cheriway cheriway (Jacquin) Falco cheriway Jacquin, Beytr., 1784, p. 17, pl. 4. (Aruba and coast of Venezuela.) Eastern Panama? (Pearl Islands) and northwestern South America to Peru on the west and eastward to the Guianas.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 981

~ Polyborus cheriway audubonii Cassin

Polyborus Audubonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 2. (Florida.)

North America from northern Lower California, Arizona, Texas and Florida, south through Mexico and Central America to western Panama; Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

Polyborus cheriway pallidus Nelson

Polyborus cheriway pallidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 8. (Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands.)

Tres Marias Islands off the west coast of Mexico.

~ fPolyborus lutosus Ridgway

Polyborus Lutosus Ridgway, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 1, 1876, p. 459. (Guadalupe Island.)

Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Lower California. Now extinct.

SuspramMity POLIHIERACINAE Genus SPIZIAPTERYX Kaur Spiziapteryx Kaup, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 48. Type,

by monotypy, Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup. cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 100-101.

Spiziapteryx circumcinctus (Kaup)

Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup, Proc. Zodél. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 43. (‘‘Chili,” error = Argentina.)

Argentina in Provinces of Salta, Catamarca, Tucumdn, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe (?), La Rioja, Mendoza, Cordoba and northern Pampa.

Genus GAMPSONYX Vicors Gampsonyx Vigors, Zoél. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 69. Type, by monotypy, Gampsonyx swainsonii Vigors.

cf. Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25, 1921, p. 13. Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 163-164.

Gampsonyx swainsonii leone Chubb

Gampsonyx swainsonii leone Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 22. (Leon, western Nicaragua.)

Gampsonyx swainsoni meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., 1920, p. 104. (Nevada, Mérida, Venezuela.) Western Nicaragua; Santa Marta region of Colombia east through Vene- zuela to British Guiana (southern limits not known); Margarita Island.

f

rnd

282 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

‘Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Vigors

Gampsonyx Swainsonit Vigors, Zo6l. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 69. (Brazil = ‘“‘tableland 10 leagues in the interior of Bahia W. 8. W. from the Bay of St. Salvador.’’)

Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to Bahia, south to Bolivia, northern Argentina (Salta and Tucum4n) and Paraguay.

Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb

Gampsonyx swainsonit magnus Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 22. (Amotape, Peru.)

Western Ecuador and western Peru.

Genus POLIHIERAX Kaur

Polihiérax Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 47. Type, by monotypy, Falco semi- torquatus A. Smith. cf. Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 19380, p. 99-102. Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 675-678.

- Polihiérax semitorquatus castanonotus (Heuglin)

Hypotriorchis castanonotus Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, p. 407. (Méré Belenia = near Gondokoro, Upper White Nile.)

Polihierax semitorquatus homopterus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 27, 1904, p. 738. (Goulf, 7. e., Laga, western Somaliland.)

Poliohierax semitorquatus deckeni Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 675. (Southern Somaliland.)

Southern Ethiopia and Somaliland south to Kenya Colony.

Polihiérax semitorquatus semitorquatus (A. Smith) Falco simitorquata (sic) A. Smith, Rep. Exp. Expl. Cent. Afr., 1836, p. 44. (Near Old Latakoo, 7. e., Kuruman, Bechuanaland.) Eastern Africa from Tanganyika Territory south to Bechuanaland and Basutoland.

Genus MICROHIERAX SHARPE

Microhierax Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 350 (in key), p. 366. Type, by original designation, Falco fringillarius Drapiez. cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 238-239. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 51-55.

1 The genus Gampsonyx is in need of revision with the aid of ample material to determine the limits of the various races and what ones should be recog- nized. The above arrangement is entirely provisional.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 283

—<~- Microhierax fringillarius (Drapiez)

Falco fringillarius Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat., 6, 1824, p. 412, pl. 59. (Indes [= Sumatra]. Malacca suggested as type locality by Swann, 1920.)

Southern Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Java and Suma- tra; Borneo (except northeast portion). ~-= Microhierax czrulescens cerulescens (Linné)

Falco cerulescens Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 88. (Asia = Ben- gal, ex Edwards, pl. 108.)

Northern India from the western Himalayas to Assam, south to the United Provinces and Cachar. ... Microhierax cerulescens burmanicus Swann

Microhierax cerulescens burmanicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 116. (Thayetmyo, Burma.)

Burma and the Shan States (south to northern Tenasserim); Siam; Annam. Microhierax melanoleucos (Blyth)

Ierax melanoleucos Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 18438, p. 179. (Assam.)

Assam; southeastern China; Tonkin.

Microhierax latifrons Sharpe

Microhierax latifrons Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 237, pl. 7. (Lawas River and Lumbidan, Borneo.)

Northwestern Borneo.

Microhierax erythrogonys erythrogonys (Vigors)

Hierax erythrogonys Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zoél. Soc. London, 1831, p. 96. (Island of Luzon.)

Philippines (Islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Negros and Bohol.)

~ Microhierax erythrogonys meridionalis Ogilvie-Grant

Microhierax meridionalis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1897, p. 220. (Zam- boanga, Mindanao and Samar 9.)

Philippines (Islands of Samar, Cebu, Mindanao).

Genus NEOHIERAX Swann

Neohierax Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 184. Type, by original designation, Polihierax insignis Walden.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 55-57.

284 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Neohierax insignis insignis (Walden)

Polihverax insignis Walden, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1871 (1872), p. 627. (Tongoo, Upper Burma.)

Burma.

Neohierax insignis cinereiceps (Stuart Baker)

Polihierax insignis cinereiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 101. (Myawadi, Tenasserim.)

Myawadi and adjoining district of Tenasserim east to Laos, south to French Indo-China and Siam.

SUBFAMILY FALCONINAE Genus FALCO Linné

Falco Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco subbuteo Linné. (A. O. U. Committee, 1886.)

cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 372-382. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 311-335. Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 289-301. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1042-1087. Hartert, Nov. Zo6l., 22, 1915, p. 168-185. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 221-258. Menzbier, Faune de la Russie, Aves, 6, livr. 1, 1916, p. 52-344. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 386-388. Peters, Bull. Essex Co. Orn. Cl., 1926 (1927), p. 20-24. (Author’s repr., p: 1-7.) Rothschild, Nov. Zo6l., 33, 1926, p. 231-233. Stegmann, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1929, p. 585-598. Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zoél. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928 (1929), p. 148-158. Stegmann, Journ. f. Orn., 1929, Hartert Festschr., p. 143-154. Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 102-107. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 31-67.

SuBGENUS HIEROFALCO CuvIER

Hierofalco Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 1817, (1816), p. 312. Type, by mon- otypy, Falco candicans Gmelin.

Falco biarmicus erlangeri Kleinschmidt Falco Hierofalco erlangeri Kleinschmidt, Aquila, 8, 1901, p. 33. (Tunis and Tanger, northern Morocco. Type from Jebel Sidi Ali ben Aoun.) Falco Hierofalco tschusii Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 103. (Tanger, northern Morocco.)

Southern Spain and northwestern Africa to Tunis, chiefly south of the Atlas Mountains to the southern escarpment of the Tademait Plateau.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 285

~—— Falco biarmicus feldeggii Schlegel

Falco feldeggit Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zodl., Heft 3, 1843, p. 3, pl. 10, 11. (Dalmatia.)

Southern Italy and the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula south to Sicily and Greece.

— Falco biarmicus tanypterus Schlegel

Falco tanypterus Schlegel, Krit. Ubers., 2, 1844, p. 11. (Nubia and Abyssinia.)

Nubia, Egypt (south to Khartum), Palestine and Arabia. Falco biarmicus abyssinicus Neumann

Falco brarmicus abyssinicus Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 369. (Shoa.)

Northern Africa from Nigeria, across the Egyptian Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Aden, south to the East African lake region. Falco biarmicus biarmicus Temminck

Falco biarmicus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 55, 1825, pl. 324. (Caffraria and Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa from Angola and Kenya Colony southward.

~ Falco cherrug cherrug J. E. Gray

Falco cherrug J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zoél., 2, 1834, pl. 25. (India.)

Breeds in Hungary, middle and southern Russia and the Caucasus. In winter to Egypt and northwestern India. Falco cherrug saceroides (Bianchi)

Gennaia saceroides ‘‘ Menzb.”’ Bianchi, Aves Exped. Kozlowi per Mongol et Tibetium Or., 1907, p. 204. (Fu-ma-fu, southern Alashan.)

Breeds in the mountains of Turkestan, Semiretschie, Dzungaria and southeastern Altai. Winter quarters not definitely known. Falco cherrug progressus Stegmann

Falco cherrug progressus Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Russ., 1925, p. 64. (Between Urga and Kalgan, northern Mongolia.)

Breeds in southeastern Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia. Has been taken in winter in the Alashan and eastern Nan-shan Mountains.

~ Falco cherrug milvipes Jerdon

Falco milvipes Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 240. (Umballa, India.)

Breeds from the Pamirs and the Altai Mountains across to southeastern Mongolia and south to the Nanshan and Alashan Mountains. Winter birds from India and southern China are usually referred here.

286 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Falco mexicanus Schlegel Falco mexicanus Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zo6l., Heft 3, 1843, p. 15. (Mexico = Monterey, apud Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 207.) Southern British Columbia and southeastern Saskatchewan south to Lower California and southern Mexico.

Falco jugger J. H. Gray Falco Jugger J. KE. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zodl., 2, 1834, pl. 26. (India.) Afghanistan, Baluchistan and all of India south of the Himalayas, east to Assam.

Falco altaicus (Menzbier) Hierofalco altaicus Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, livr. 3, 1892, p. 272. (Altai and Minussinsk.) Hierofalco lorenzi Menzbier, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1900, p.3. (Autumn and winter in Provinces of Jenisseish and Tomsk.) Breeds in the Sajan Mountains, the Altai, Tarbagatai, Russian and Chinese Turkestan.!

- Falco rusticolus candicans Gmelin

Falco candicans Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 275. (No locality given = Greenland, substituted as type locality by Hartert, 1913, p. 1064.)

Breeds on the coasts of Greenland and probably high Arctic America; perhaps also Franz Josef Land and Spitzbergen. Wanders irregularly south to the northern United States and northern Europe.

Falco rusticolus islandus Briinnich Falco Islandus Briinnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, p. 2. (Iceland.) Iceland.

Falco rusticolus rusticolus Linné Falco rusticolus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Sweden.)

Breeds in northern Scandinavia, Lapland and northern Russia. Wan- ders irregularly south to the British Isles and central Europe.

Falco rusticolus uralensis (Severzov and Menzbier)

Hierofalco uralensis Severzov and Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Europ. Russl., 1882, p. 288, pl. 83. (Ural Mountains.)

Falco rusticolus alascanus Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 67. (Norton Bay [= Sound] Alaska.)

Northern Siberia from western Siberia to Kamchatka, islands in Bering Sea and Bering coast of Alaska.

1 Cf. Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, 1924, p. 18.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 287

~~~ Falco rusticolus obsoletus Gmelin Falco obsoletus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Hudson Strait, ex Pennant, Arct. Zodl., 2, p. 208.)

Arctic North America from northern Alaska to Labrador. Wanders irregularly in winter south to British Columbia and northern United States.

SuBGENUS NOTOFALCO MatTHEWS

Netofalco Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 56. Type, by original designation, Falco subniger G. R. Gray.

Falco subniger G. R. Gray Falco subniger G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11, 1843, p. 371. (Australia? = Victoria, fide Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 112.) Notofalco subniger minnie Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 127. (Minnie Downs, Queensland.)

Australia. SuBGENUS NESIERAX OBERHOLSER

Nesierax Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 203. New name for Harpe Bonaparte (not Harpe Lacépéde) and for Harpa Sharpe (not Harpa Lamarck). Type, by original designation, Falco nove-seelandie Gmelin.

—« Falco noveseelandiz Gmelin

Falco nove-Seelandie Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand, ex Latham.)

Nesierax pottsi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 420. (Paroah Bay, North Island, New Zealand.) }

New Zealand (North and South Islands, Stewart Island).

SuBGENUS RHYNCHODON Nirzscu

Rhynchodon Nitzsch, Obs. Avium Art. Carot. Comm., 1829, p. 20. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco peregrinus Tunstall (A. O. U. Com- mittee, 1886.

Eufalco Aclocque, Faune de France, 1, 1900, p. 113. Type, by subse- quent designation, Falco communis Gmelin = Falco peregrinus Tun- stall. (Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 53, 1917, p. 589.)

Archifalco Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 11, 1927, p. 112. Type, by original designation, Natiirliche Griippe 1 of Hartert’s Vég. pal. Fauna, p. 1042 = Falco peregrinus Tunstall.

1 No case has yet been proven for the occurrence of two species of this sub- genus side by side. The name given by Mathews and Iredale was given as a new name to replace the three applied to the so-called smaller ‘‘species’’, all of them preoccupied.

988 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco peregrinus peregrinus Tunstall

Falco Peregrinus Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1. (Hx Pennant, Brit. Zool., 1, p. 136 = Northamptonshire, England.)

Falco barbarus subsp. germanicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 294. (Heldra, near Treiffurt, Germany.)

Falco peregrinus brittanicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 296. (Great Britain; based on seven specimens from Scotland, England and the Isle of Man.)

Falco peregrinus rhenanus Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1912, “Falco pere- grinus,” pl. 9.

Falco peregrinus scandinaviae Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1918 (Dec. 1915), pl. 33; p. 46 (1916). (Upland, Sweden.)

Breeds in Europe from northern Sweden and northern Russia east to the Urals, south to the Pyrenees, the Alps, Italy, northern parts of the Balkan Peninsula and Rumania. Wanders occasionally in winter to the Mediter- ranean.

?Falco peregrinus riphaeus Buturlin

Falco peregrinus riphaeus Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13, 1907, p. 99. (Southern Urals.)

Southern Ural Mountains.1 (Status not understood.)

Falco peregrinus calidus Latham Falco calidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 41. (India.)

Falco peregrinus ussuriensis Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 18, 1907, p. 100. (Ussuriland and Japan.)

Falco peregrinus harterti Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13, 1907, p. 100. (Lower Lena to Anadyr, common on the Kolyma.)

Falco Blancheti Lavauden, Rev. Frang. d’ Orn., 7, 1922, p. 212 and pl. (Oued Hamdoun, near Sousse, and Sfax, Tunis.)

Breeds in northern Asia from western Siberia east to Anadyr and Kam- chatka. In winter migrating to Japan, southeastern India, Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, New Guinea and occasionally to northern Africa.?

1 Menzbier, swpra, p. 59, cites this name in an array of ‘‘ Faunistic Literature relating to Russia’’ but does not dispose of it definitely in synonymy. Menz- bier’s method of handling subspecies is one all his own. He divides Falco p. peregrinus into a number of ‘‘forms”’ including F’. p. p. f. griseiventer, f. corni- cum, f. abietinus, and f. brevirostris.

2 Hartert (swpra) and Menzbier (supra) are entirely at variance in their views on the forms of Peregrine Falcon in Asia. I have followed the former’s treatment, but the occurrence in China of certain anomalous specimens leads to the belief his views are not entirely correct.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 289

“== Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe Falco Brookei Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873, p. 21. (Sardinia.) Falco caucasicus Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 62. (Northeastern Caucasus.)

Breeds in Spain and the northern peninsula of Morocco, Corsica, Sar- dinia, southern Italy and eastward through the larger east Mediterranean Islands, Greece and Asia Minor to the Caucasus.

Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides Temminck

Falco pelegrinoides Vemminck, Pl. Col., livr. 81, 1829, pl. 479. (Nubia = Dongola.)

Breeds in the eastern Canary Islands, middle and southern Morocco, Tunis, Egypt and Nubia, eastern limits unknown.

Falco peregrinus babylonicus P. L. Sclater

Falco babylonicus P. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 218, pl. 7. (Oudh, in India, Babylonia and Abyssinia. Type from Oudh.)

Breeds in western and central Asia from Mesopotamia to the Gobi Desert, south to Persia and Baluchistan. Winters in northwestern India.

Falco peregrinus arabicus Erlanger Falco barbarus arabicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 293. (La- hadsch, near Aden.)

Southwestern Arabia, Eritrea and northern Somaliland.

~---Falco peregrinus peregrinator Sundevall Falco peregrinator Sundevall, Physiogr. Sallskapets Tidskr., 1, pt. 2, 1837, p. 177, pl. 4. (At sea in lat. 6° 20’ N. between Ceylon and Sumatra, 70 Swedish miles off the Nicobars.) Resident throughout India and Burma from the Himalayan foothills to

Ceylon and southern Burma east to the lower Yangtze Valley in eastern China.

Falco peregrinus fruitii Momiyama Falco peregrinus fruitii Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1927, p. 71, Eng. text, p. 97. (Isino-mura, Alessando Island, Volcano Islands.) Volcano and probably also the Bonin Islands.

~~~ Falco peregrinus ernesti Sharpe Falco ernesti Sharpe, Ibis, 1894, p. 545. (Mt. Dulit, northern Borneo.) Resident in the Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands, Bali, New Guinea and Woodlark Island. (Whether the Peregrines recorded from the Fiji Islands, New Caledonia and New Hebrides belong to one or more unnamed insular races, or are stragglers of ernesti or macropus or only wintering calidus is not known.)

290 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco peregrinus macropus Swainson Falco macropus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 341. (Tasmania.)

Falco peregrinus submelanogenys Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 33. (Southwest Australia. Type from Bokerup according to Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 263.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Falco peregrinus perconfusus Collin and Hartert

Falco peregrinus perconfusus Collin and Hartert, Nov. Zodl., 34, 1927, p. 52, new name for Falco minor Schlegel, not Bekker, Borkhausen and Lichthammer. (Mountains of the Cape of Good Hope.)

Africa from Gold Coast Colony and Sennar, south to Angola and Cape Province.

-Falco peregrinus radama Hartlaub Falco radama Hartlaub, Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madagascar, 1861, p. 17. (Madagascar.) Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

-Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway Falco communis var. pealei Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 201. (Sitka, Alaska and Oregon.) ?Falco rudolfi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 5, 1909, p. 19. (Hakodadi, northern Japan.)

Apparently the breeding form on islands in Bering Sea, the Aleutian Islands and both shores of the North Pacific south to the Kurile Islands on the west and to the Queen Charlotte Islands ! on the east; migratory in the northern parts of its range.

Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte Falco Anatum Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 4. (Great Egg Harbor, N. J., ex Wilson, Am. Orn., 9, 1814, p. 120, pl. 76.) Breeds from Norton Sound, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Baffin Island and west-central Greenland south to Lower California, Texas, Kansas, In- diana, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, in the mountains to South Carolina. Winters from British Columbia, Colorado and southern New England to the West Indies and South America.

Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe

Falco Cassini Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873, p. 221- (Straits of Magellan and Chile.)

?Falco kreyenborgi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 35, 1929, p. 33. (Based on a cage bird in the Zoo at Miinster, Germany, which was said to have come from Punta Arenas, Chile.)

1 Brooks, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 77-79.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 291

Distribution not well understood, but breeds in southern South America at least in Chile, and probably further north; Falkland Islands.

?Falco fasciinucha Reichenow and Neumann Falco fasciinucha Reichenow and Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895, p. 114. (Teita, Kenya Colony.) Status not determined; known only from the type and one other speci- men.

~——— Falco deiroleucus Temminck

Falco deiroleucus Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 59, 1825, pl. 348. (Isla Sao Francisco, Santa Catharina, Brazil.)

Hypotriorchis melanogyne Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 168. (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Paran4, lat. 25° 40’, Paraguay.)

Locally distributed from southern Vera Cruz south to Peru, northwest- ern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil.

SusBGENus FALCO LINNE

Cuvieria Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 210. Type, by orig- inal designation, Falco cuviert A. Smith.

~--«Falco albigularis albigularis Daudin Falco albigularis Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 131. (Cayenne.)

Falco rufigularis petoensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 22. (Peto, Yucatan.)

Central and South America from western Mexico (Nayarit), south to southern Brazil and eastern Argentina?

~~ Falco albigularis pax Chubb Falco rufigularis pax Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 22. (Cha- ruplaya, Bolivia.) Bolivia south to western (Tucum4n) and northern (Formosa) Argentina. Probably also western Matto Grosso.

Falco subbuteo subbuteo Linné

Falco Subbuteo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Falco saturatus Buturlin, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 283. (Northeastern Siberia.) Not Falco saturatus Blyth.

- Hypotriorchis subbuteo jakutensis Buturlin, Nascha Ochota, 1910, p. 71. (Chuckche, northeastern Siberia.) 2

Hypotriorchis subbuteo irkutensis Johansen, Orn. Jahrb., 25, 1914, p. 83. (Irkutsk.) 4

1 Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zodl. Acad. Sci. URRS, 1928 (1929), p. 154-155.

292 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco subbuteo ussuriensis Domaniewski, Compt. Rend. Soe. Sci. Var- sovie, 10, 1917, p. 260, 267. (Sidemi.) ! Not Buturlin, 1907.

Hypotriorchis subbuteo distinguendus Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS., ser. 7, Cl. Sci. Physico-Math., 1930, p. 302. (Bitjug River, Gouvern- mont of Voronezh.)

Breeds from Scandinavia and northern Russia across Asia to eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, south to the Mediterranean, southwestern Siberia, Transbaikalia (and probably to northwestern China) and Manchuria. In winter south to Africa, India and southeastern China.

Falco subbuteo jugurtha Hartert and Neumann

Falco subbuteo jugurtha Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 591. (Tanger, northwestern Morocco.)

Morocco, Algeria and Tunis.

Falco subbuteo centralasiae (Buturlin) Hypotriorchis subbuteo centralasiae Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 175, new name for:

Falco subbuteo cyanescens Lénnberg, Ark. Zodl., 6, no. 9, 1905, p. 6. (Baimgol, Tianshan) not Falco cyanescens Vieillot.

Hypotriorchis subbuteo planicola, Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS., ser. 7, Cl. Physico-Math., 1930, p. 308. (Yarkend Oasis, Kashgaria).

Turkestan south to northern Persia and the eastern Himalayas.

Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert and Neumann Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 592. (Swatow, Kwang-tung, China.)

Tsinling Mountains south to the Shan States, Yunnan and southeastern China.

Falco severus rufipedoides Hodgson

Falco Rufipedoides Anonymous = Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., 4, 1844, p. 283. (Hills of India, restricted to Nepal by Baker, Bull. Brit., Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 107.)

Northern India in the Himalayas from Kuman to western Assam north of the Brahmapootra.

/ Falco severus severus Horsfield

Falco severus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 135. (Java.)

Assam and the Kachin Hills south to Siam and Cochin China; Sumatra, Java and the Philippines.

1 Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zodl. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928 (1929), p. 154-155.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 293

Falco severus papuanus Meyer and Wiglesworth

Falco severus papuanus Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dres- den, 4, 1892-1893, no. 3, (1893), p. 6. (Huon Gulf, New Guinea.)

Borneo, Celebes, Halmahera, Buru, Ceram, Salawatti, New Guinea, New Britain, Solomon Islands.

Falco longipennis longipennis Swainson Fatco longipennis Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 341. (Tasmania.)

Falco lunulatus apsleyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 33. (Mel- ville Island.)

Falco lunulatus murchisonianus Mathews, Nov. Zodél. 18, 1912, p. 252. (East Murchison, West Australia.)

Falco melanotus White and Mellor, Emu, 12, 1913, p. 164. (Flinders Island, Bass Strait) not of Shaw, 1809.

Falco longipennis samueli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 232. (New name for Falco melanotus White and Mellor, “‘if the bird be separ- able.’’)

Australia and Tasmania; in winter to Kei Islands, Ceram, Amboina and Ternate.2

Falco longipennis hanieli Hellmayr

Falco longipennis hanieli Hellmayr, in Haniel’s Zodél. Timor, Lief. 1, 1914, p- 100. (Bonleo, 1100 met., western Timor.)

Lesser Sunda Islands.

—= Falco cuvierii A. Smith Falco Cuvierit A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 392. (Kei River, Cape Province.) Africa from the Gold Coast, Bahr el Ghazal and Shoa south to Cape Province.

---~ Falco eleonore Géné Falco Eleonore Géné, Rev. Zoél., 1839, p. 105. (Sardinia.) Eastern Canary Islands, coasts of northwestern Africa and rocky islands

in the Mediterranean Sea east to the Cyclades and Cyprus. Has been taken in Somaliland, Réunion and Madagascar.

--~ Falco concolor Temminck

Falco concolor Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 56, 1825, text (but not pl. 330). (Senegal, Barbary Coast, Egypt, Arabia. Arabia suggested as type locality by Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 135.)

Red Sea coasts and Somaliland south to Mozambique; Madagascar.

1 The races and ranges of Falco severus require much revision.

2 Obviously Falco longipennis is badly in need of revision. Mathews in his Bds. Austr. repudiates both murchisonianus and apsleyt, but reéstablishes them again in the Syst. Av. Australas., without a word of explanation.

Q94 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco hypoleucos Gould

Falco hypoleucos Gould, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 162. (West Australia; type taken 60 miles from Swan River, fide Mathews.)

Falco hypoleucus ashbyt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 73. (South Australia.)

Falco hypoleucus ashleyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 234. (Lapsus(?), as synonym of Falco hypoleucos Gould.)

Australia.

SuBGENUS RHYNCHOFALCO RipGway

Rhynchofalco Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 16, 1873, p. 46. Type, by original designation, Falco femoralis Temminck = Falco fuscocaerulescens Vieillot.

Falco fuscocerulescens septentrionalis Todd Falco fusco-cerulescens septentrionalis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 1916, p. 98. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) Arizona, New Mexico and southern Texas south through Mexico to Gua- temala(?) ! and Yucatan(?) !

Falco fuscocerulescens fuscocaerulescens Vieillot Falco fusco-cerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 11, 1817, p. 90. (Paraguay.) Greater part of South America from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego.

Falco fuscocerulescens pichinche Chapman Falco fuscocerulescens pichinche Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 205, 1925, p. 1. (Crater of Pichincha, Ecuador.) Andes of Ecuador southward into Peru (La Raya).

SuBGENus TINNUNCULUS VIEILLOT

Tinnunculus Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept.,1, 1807, p. 39. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco columbarius Linné. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 374.)

?Falco columbarius subaesalon C. L. Brehm Falco subaesalon C. L. Brehm, Ornis, 3, 1827, p. 9. (Iceland, migrating to Germany in winter.) Falco alfred-edmundi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 18, 1917, p.9. (Iceland.) Iceland.?

1 Specimens from these countries not seen. A bird from British Honduras in the M. C. Z. belongs to the smaller southern race. No other records from Cen-

tral America. 2 The Merlins of Iceland are said to be darker but the form requires con-

firmation.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 295

Falco columbarius aesalon Tunstall Falco Aesalon Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1. (No type locality = France, from Brissonian reference.) Falco columbarius alaunicus Fediusin, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Lenin- grad, 1927, p. 71. (New name to replace aesalon.)

Breeds on the Faroes, Ireland, Scotland, northern England, Scandinavia and east to the Mezen River, south to the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Finland and Minsk. In winter over southern Europe to northern Africa and north- western India.

~— Falco columbarius regulus Pallas Falco regulus Pallas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773, p. 707. (Siberia.)

Breeds in eastern Europe and western Siberia to the Chatanga, south to Moscow, Novgorod (southern limits in western Siberia not known), south- western Gouvernment Irkutsk and northern Transbaikalia. In winter to Transcaucasia and Turkestan, Asia Minor and Egypt.

_Falco columbarius insignis (Clark) Aisalon regulus insignis Clark, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 470. (Fusan, Korea.)

Breeds in northern Siberia from the eastern edge of the range of regulus, across Yakutsk to the Stanowoi Mountains. In winter to Turkestan, north- ern India, southern China and Japan.

~——- Falco columbarius pacificus (Stegmann) Aesalon columbarius pacificus Stegmann, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, Cl. Sei. Physico-math., 1929, p. 591. (Klippe Rasboinik, Sea of Ochotsk.) Breeds in eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, Kamchatka? Winters to Japan and eastern China. Falco columbarius christiani-ludovici Kleinschmidt Lithofalco aesalon pallidus Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1900, p. 5. (Western part of the Kirghiz Steppes), not Falco pallidus Schinz. Falco christiani-ludovict Kleinschmidt, Falco, 18, 1917, p. 10. (New name for Falco pallidus (Sushkin.)

Breeds on the Kirghiz Steppes from Orenburg to the Altai, north to Omsk and Lake Tschany. Winters to the Caucasus, Turkestan and Tarim Basin.

~——. Falco columbarius lymani Bangs

Falco aesalon lymani Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 54, 1913, p. 465. (Tchegan-Burgazi Pass, Altai Mountains.)

Breeds in the Tian-Shan Mountains, southern Russian Altai, Mongo- lian Altai east to the Iche-Bogdo Massif and the Changai Mountains, north

296 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

to Lake Kossogol, the Obo Sarym Pass and southeastern Transbaikalia. Winter specimens known from eastern Turkestan and Zaidam.

Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridgway Falco columbarius var. suckleyi Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 201. (Shoalwater Bay and Fort Steilacoom, Washington.)

Breeds on Kodiak Island and probably other coastal islands of southern Alaska and British Columbia. Occasional in winter south to San Francisco Bay.

Falco columbarius bendirei Swann. Falco columbarius bendirei Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 66. (Fort Walla Walla, Washington.)

Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Yukon and northwestern Mackenzie to British Columbia, Alberta and northern Saskatchewan, south in the mountains to northern California. In winter to California and New Mexico south to Lower California and northern Mexico.

Falco columbarius columbarius Linné Falco columbarius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (America = Carolina, ex Catesby.)

Breeds from the limit of trees in eastern Canada south to Newfound- land, Nova Scotia, northern Maine, northern Michigan and southern Mani- toba, west to the eastern border of the Great Plains. Winters from the Gulf States to the West Indies and northwestern South America.

Falco columbarius richardsonii Ridgway

Falco Hypotriorchis richardsonit Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 145. (‘Interior of North America.’’) !

Breeds in the Great Plains region of southern Alberta, southern Saskat- chewan, northern Montana and northwestern North Dakota? In winter south through Colorado and New Mexico to Texas and probably north- western Mexico.

Falco chicquera chicquera Daudin Falco chicquera Daubin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 121. (Bengal.) Himalayas to southern India.

Falco chicquera ruficollis Swainson Falco ruficollis Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 1, 1837, p. 107, pl. 2. (Senegal.) Africa from Gambia and the Sudan south to the Zambesi.

1 The three cotypes listed by Ridgway in the original description are as fol- lows: adult co, mouth of the Vermilion River near the Missouri; adult 9, Ber- thoud’s Pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado; Immaturec’, Fort Rice [North] Dakota.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 2907

~_—-Falco chicquera horsbrughi Gunning and Roberts

Falco horsbrught Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3, 1911, p. 110. (Pretoria.)

Africa south of the Zambesi.

SUBGENUS DISSODECTES P. L. ScLatTrR

Dissodectes P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1864, p. 248. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 423.) -..- Falco ardosiaceus Vieillot

Falco Ardosiaceus Vieillot, Encyc. Méth., Orn., pt. 3, 1823, p. 1238. (Senegal.)

Africa from Senegal, the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia south to Angola. and Lake Victoria. — Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater

Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater, Proce. Zoél. Soc. London, 1864, p. 248. (Chibasa, Shire River, Nyasaland.)

Africa from Angola to southern Tanganyika Territory and Portuguese East Africa. ~ Falco zoniventris Peters

Falco zoniventris Peters, Ber. Verh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for 1853 (1854), p. 783. (St. Augustin Bay, Madagascar.)

Madagascar. SUBGENUS ERYTHROPUS C. L. BrrumM

Erythropus C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, col. 1270. Type, by monotypy, Falco erythropus Linné.

~ Falco vespertinus Linné

Falco vespertinus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 129. (Ingria = Province of St. Petersburg, fide Hartert, p. 1078.)

Falco vespertinus obscurus Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 229. (Tomsk,. western Siberia) not Falco obscurus Gmelin.

Falco pyrrhogaster Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 28, Feb. 1915, p. 25. (Bosum, eastern Cameroon.)

Erythropus vespertinus transriphaeus Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 6, March, 1915, p. 126. (New name for Falco obscurus Tschusi, not Gmelin.)

Breeds from eastern Sweden (probably), Russia and western Siberia to the Yenessei and south to Rumania, southern Russia and the lower Lena. Winters in the Egyptian Sudan, Angola and Damaraland.

298 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco amurensis Radde Falco vespertinus var. amurensis Radde, Reisen siid von O.-Sibir., 2, 1863, p. 102, pl. 1, f. 2a, 2b. (Amur.) Breeds in Siberia east of Lake Baikal to Amurland south to Manchuria and northern China to the Tssin-ling Mountains. Winters in eastern and southern Africa from Kenya Colony to Cape Province.

SuBGENUS CERCHNEIS Bois

Cerchneis Boie, Isis, 19, 1826, col. 970. Type, by monotypy, Falco rupi- colus Daudin.

Megacerchneis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 210. Type, by original designation, Falco rwpicoloides A. Smith.

Falco naumanni naumanni Fleischer Falco naumanni Fleischer, in Laurop and Fischer’s ‘Sylvan’ for 1817- 1818 (1818), p. 174. (Southern Germany.) Cerchneis naumanni sarmaticus Domaniewski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 10, 1917, p. 1046. (Poland: type from near Lublin.) Breeds in southern Russia north to Orenberg; Asia Minor and the Mediterranean countries and islands. Winters throughout Africa.

Falco naumanni pekinensis Swinhoe Falco cenchris var. pekinensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1870, p. 442. (Near Peking, China.) Cerchneis naumanni turkestanicus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 3, 1912, p. 114. (Turkestan.) Breeds from Turkestan eastward to Manchuria and northern China, exact limits not known. Migrates to India and occasionally to north- eastern Africa.

Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linné

Falco Tinnunculus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (Europe, re- stricted type locality, Sweden, apud Hartert.)

Cerchneis perpallida Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 470. (Fusan, Korea.) 1

Tinnunculus minutus Millet-Horsin, Rev. Frang. d’ Orn., 2, 1912, p. 269. (Medenine, Tunisia.)

?Falco Tinnunculus ultratinnunculus Kleinschmidt, Falco, 25, 1929, p. 35. (Wladikaukas, northern Caucasus.)

1 The type of this bird which I have examined in the U.S. National Museum is in fresh spring plumage; it is a male probably not quite fully adult and slightly aberrant. Perpallida appears to be a direct synonym of f. tinnunculus, not an earlier name for dérriesi as Kuroda (Tori, 5, 1928, p. 27-28) thought.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 299

Breeds from Scandinavia and northern Russia south to the Mediter- ranean and northern Africa, east to northern and western Siberia probably to the Altai Mountains and the Yenessei River and south to northern Persia. Migrates in winter from the northern parts of its range south to Gold Coast, Tanganyika Territory, Arabia and northwestern India.

~Falco tinnunculus dérriesi (Swann)

Cerchneis tinnuncula dérriesi Swann,! Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 146. (Sidemi and Amur River, East Siberia.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia probably from Transbaikalia to the Amur River and south to northern Manchuria; Korea(?). Winters probably to India, eastern China and south to Formosa. Philippine records may be referable here.

-Falco tinnunculus japonensis Ticehurst

Falco tinnunculus japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 2, pl. 1 and 1B. (Japan) not Falco japonicus Gmelin.

Falco tinnunculus japonensis Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929, p- 10. (New name for the bird described by Temminck and Schlegel, loc. cit.)

Breeds in Japan and apparently most of east-central Asia from Ladak

and Kashmir to northern China south to Tibet and Szechuan. In winter to India, Burma and southern China.

— Falco tinnunculus saturatus Blyth

Falco saturatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 28, 1859, p. 277. (Tenasserim.)

Breeds from Yunnan and the hills of eastern and central Burma to Tenasserim.

- Falco tinnunculus interstinctus Horsfield

Falco interstinctus Horsfield, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1839 (1840), p. 154. (Assam.)

Lower Himalayas between 2000 and 8000 feet east to Assam, Cachar, Sylhet and Manipur.

Falco tinnunculus objurgatus (Stuart Baker)

Cerchneis tinnunculus objurgatus Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 106. (Ootacamund, Nilgiris, southern India.)

Hill ranges of Mysore and southern India to Travancore and Ceylon.

1 Cf. Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zodl. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928, p. 157-158.

300 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Falco tinnunculus canariensis (Koenig)

Cerchneis tinnunculus canariensis Koenig, Journ. f. Orn., 37, 1889, p. 263. (Nomen nudum.)

Idem, 38, 1890, p. 285, 324, 473, pl. 1. (Canary Islands.) First descrip- tion.

Madeira and the western Canary Islands.

-Falco tinnunculus dacotiae Hartert

Falco tinnunculus dacotiae Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1086. (Lanzarote, Canary Islands.)

Eastern Canary Islands.

Falco tinnunculus neglectus Schlegel

Falco neglectus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Rev. Ois de Proie, Accip., 1873, p. 48. (St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands.

Falco tinnunculus rupicolaeformis (C. L. Brehm)

Cerchneis rupicolaeformis C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 29. (Egypt and Germany = Egypt by general assent.)

Egypt and Nubia, exact range not known.

Falco tinnunculus carlo (Hartert and Neumann)

Cerchneis tinnunculus carlo Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 592. (Bissidimo, near Harrar, Ethiopia.)

Forested highlands of Africa from Nigeria, Ethiopia and Somaliland south to Angola and central Tanganyika Territory.

Falco tinnunculus rupicolus Daudin

Falco rupicolus Daudin, Traité d’ Orn., 2, 1800, p. 185. (Cape of Good Hope and Kaffirland, ex Levaillant.)

Tinnunculus rupicolus rhodesi Finch-Davies, Ibis, 1920, p. 620. (Matopo Hills, Rhodesia.)

South Africa throughout, north to southern Angola and Nyasaland.

Falco moluccensis moluccensis (Bonaparte)

Tinnunculus moluccensis “Schlegel”? Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 27. (Amboina, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Péle Sud., Zoél., Atlas, Ois., pl. 1, f. 2.)

Falco moluccensis bernsteini Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, 1919, p. 8, new name for Tinnunculus moluccensis orientalis Meyer and Wiglesworth, not Cerchneis orientalis Brehm. (Northern Moluccas.)

The Moluccas from Morotai to Buru and Ceram.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 301

—-« Falco moluccensis occidentalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth)

Tinnunculus moluccensis occidentalis Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6, 1896, no. 2, p. 8 in text. (Celebes.)

Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 54, 1917, p. 178. (Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.)

Celebes, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands from Kangean to Wetter.

Falco moluccensis renschi Siebers

Falco moluccensis renschi Siebers, Treubia, 7, 1930, Suppl. p. 239. (Laora, western Sumba.)

Sumba Island.

~— Falco cenchroides Vigors and Horsfield

Falco Cenchroides Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1827, p. 183. (Australia = New South Wales.)

-Cerchneis unicolor Milligan, Emu, 4, 1904, p. 2. (Yalgoo, West Australia.)

Cerchneis cenchroides milligani Mathews, Nov. Zodl., 18, 1912, p. 253. (Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia.) }

Australia and Tasmania.

———Falco rupicoloides fieldi (Elliot)

Cerchners fieldi Elliot, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1897, p- 58. (Silo Plain and Toyo Plain, Somaliland.)

Somaliland.

Falco rupicoloides arthuri (Gurney) Tinnunculus arthurt Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 1884, p. 156, 158. (Mombasa.)

Kenya Colony.

..... Falco rupicoloides rupicoloides A. Smith Falco rupicoloides A. Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 238. (Groene River, Little Namaqualand.) Africa, south of the Zambesi.

Falco newtoni aldabranus Grote

Falco newtoni aldabranus Grote, Orn. Monatsb., 36, 1928, p. 78. (Alda- bra Island.)

Aldabra (and the Comoro Islands?).

1 Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, p. 291, says, ‘with a good and fairly representa- tive series now available I cannot recognize any subspecies. All the differences seen seem to be only individual and every attempt to fix any subspecies defi- nitely has failed.’ Nevertheless he recognized all three forms in the Syst. Av. Australas., without a word of explanation.

302 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Falco newtoni newtoni (Gurney) Tinnunculus newtoni Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 34, pl. 2. (Madagascar.) Madagascar.

~Falco punctatus Temminck Falco punctatus Temmincek, Pl. Col., livr. 8, 1821, pl. 45. (Mauritius.) Mauritius.

Falco araea (Oberholser)

Cerchneis araea Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 76, new name for Falco gracilis Lesson, not of Temminck. (Seychelle Islands.)

Seychelle Islands.

Falco alopex alopex (Heuglin) Tinnunculus alopex Heuglin, Ibis, 1861, p. 69, pl. 3. (Gallabat, Egyp- tian Sudan.)

Interior of Gold Coast Colony east to the Egyptian Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia.

Falco alopex eremica (Oberholser)

Cerchneis alopex eremica Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 76, new name for Cerchneis alopex deserticola Reichenow, not Falco sparverius deserticola Mearns.

Cerchneis alopex deserticola Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 190. (Mangu, Togoland.)

Togoland.

Falco sparverius sparverius Linné Falco sparverius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (America = Carolina ex Catesby.) Cerchneis sparveria guatemalensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 156. (Capetillo and Huehuetenango, Guatemala.)

Breeds from the Upper Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Kee- watin and Newfoundland south to northern California, Texas, northern Alabama and North Carolina. Winters from British Columbia, Colorado, Kansas, Ohio and southern New England south to eastern Panama.

Falco sparverius paulus (Howe and King)

Cerchneis sparverius paulus Howe and King, Contr. N. Am. Orn., 1, 1902, p. 28. (Miami, Florida.)

Southern Alabama (probably also Mississippi) to South Carolina, south over the Florida Peninsula.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 303

~~ Falco sparverius phalena (Lesson)

Tinnunculus phalena Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 12, 1845, col. 1087. (San Blas and Acapulco, Mexico.)

Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas south to northern Lower California and northwestern Mexico.

~~ Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns

Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns, Auk, 9, 1892, p. 267. (San José, Lower California.)

Lower California from lat. 28° southward.

-—- Falco sparverius tropicalis (Griscom)

Cerchneis sparveria tropicalis Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 414, 1930, p.1. (Antigua, Guatemala.)

Guatemala; apparently confined to the Motagua Valley.

~~~ Falco sparverius sparveroides Vigors Falco Sparveroides Vigors, Zodl. Journ., 3, 1828, p. 486. (Cuba.) Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

~~ Falco sparverius dominicensis Gmelin

Falco dominicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 285. (His- paniola.)

Hispaniola.

—— Falco sparverius loquaculus (Riley)

Cerchneis sparveria loquacula Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, 1904, p. 284. (Isabel II, Vieques Island.)

Puerto Rico and adjacent islands east to the Anegada Passage.

Falco sparverius caribearum Gmelin

Falco caribearum Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 284. (No type locality = Lesser Antilles from references. Dominica suggested as type locality by Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 155.)

Lesser Antilles: common on the northern, rare on the southern islands.

~— Falco sparverius isabellinus Swainson

Falco isabellinus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 281. (British Guiana.)

Coastal districts of northern South America from the Santa Marta region of Colombia to Cayenne.

Falco sparverius brevipennis (Berlepsch)

Tinnunculus sparverius brevipennis Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 91. (sland of Curagao.)

Islands of Curagao, Aruba and Bonaire.

304 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Falco sparverius margaritensis (Cory) Cerchneis sparverius margaritensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 297. (Margarita Island.)

Margarita Island.

Falco sparverius intermedius (Cory)

Cerchneis sparveria intermedia Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 325. (Villavicencio, 1600 feet, base of eastern Andes, Colombia.)

Eastern slope of the central Andes of Colombia, north to Antioquia, east to the Venezuelan border and the Ilanos of eastern Colombia.

~ Falco sparverius ochraceus (Cory) Cerchneis sparverius ochracea Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 298. (Colon, Tachira, Venezuela.)

Mountains of northern and western Venezuela.

Falco sparverius perplexus (Cory) Cerchneis sparverius perplexa Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 327. (Lower Essequibo River, British Guiana.)

Known definitely only from the type locality.

——-Falco sparverius cauce (Chapman)

Cerchneis sparverius cauce Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 375. (La Manuelita, near Palmira, 3500 feet, Cauca Valley, Colombia.)

Cauca Valley region of western Colombia.

Falco sparverius equatorialis Mearns

Falco sparverius equatorialis Mearns, Auk, 9, 1892, p. 269. (Guayaquil, Ecuador = error; the type undoubtedly came from the interior table- land.) Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 241.

Cerchneis sparveria andina Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 323. (Quito, 9300 feet, Ecuador.) Subtropical and Temperate Zones of Ecuador south to the Rio Chan- chan.

Falco sparverius distinctus (Cory)

Cerchneis sparverius distincta Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 297. (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Brazil.)

Range and status not fixed.

ORDER FALCONIFORMES 305

~~~Falco sparverius eidos nom. nov.

Tinnunculus sparverius var. australis, Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 149, new name for Falco gracilis Swainson, not of Les- son. (Bahia, Brazil.)

Falco (Cerchneis, Tinnunculus) australis Auct. not Falco australis Gme- lin.}

Eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia and the greater part of Brazil south of the Amazon.

Falco sparverius ceare (Cory)

Cerchneis sparveria ceare Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 318, note. (Quixada, Ceard4, Brazil.) Unique (perhaps the same as eidos for which it would then be an earlier name.)

~...Falco sparverius peruvianus (Cory)

Cerchneis sparverius peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 296. (Chachapoyas, Peru.)

Southwestern Ecuador and northern Peru south to Huanuco.

-..Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson Falco cinnamominus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 281. (Chile.)

Chile, southern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego.

——- Falco sparverius fernandensis (Chapman)

Cerchneis sparverius fernandensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 379. (Masatierra Island, off Chile.)

Juan Fernandez Islands.

Genus IERACIDEA GovLp Teracidea Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pl. 48. Type, by mono- typy, Falco berigora Vigors and Horsfield. cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 259-280.

Ieracidea berigora novaeguineae A. B. Meyer

Hieracidea novaeguineae A. B. Meyer, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 89. (Southeastern New Guinea.)

Eastern New Guinea, Dampier Islands and Vulcan Island.

1 For review of the South American races of Falco sparverius, cf. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 311-335.

306 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ieracidea berigora melvillensis Mathews

Teracidea berigora melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 34. (Melville Island.)

Northern Territory, Melville Island and northwest Australia.

Ieracidea berigora kempi Mathews

Teracidea berigora kempi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 277. (Cape York.)

Northern Queensland.

Ieracidea berigora occidentalis Gould

Teracidea occidentalis Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 16, 1844, p. 105 and pl. (Western Australia = Perth, fide Mathews.)

Western Australia.

Ieracidea berigora centralia Mathews

Ieracidea berigora centralia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 277. (Finke River, central Australia.)

Central Australia.

~Teracidea berigora berigora (Vigors and Horsfield)

Falco Berigora Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1827, p. 184. (Australia = New South Wales.)

Coastal districts of eastern Australia.

Ieracidea berigora tasmanica Mathews Ieracidea berigora tasmanica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 276. (Tasmania.) Tasmania.

1 Most of the Australian ‘“‘subspecies’”’ of Ieracidea berigora appear to have been founded on individual variants and color phases. In my opinion a revision based on adequate material would reduce the number of recognizable sub- species to about half (or less) of the number listed here.

INDEX

abbotti, Ibis, 131

abbotti, Spilornis, 273 abbotti, Sula, 83

abbotti, Threskiornis, 131 abbreviatus, Buteo, 232 abdimii, Ciconia, 128 abdimii, Sphenorhynchus, 128 aberti, Anas, 159 abyssinicus, Falco, 285 Accipiter, 205 Accipitridae, 192 Accipitrinae, 205

aceletus, Astur, 209 actophilus, Butorides, 106 acuta, Anas, 166

adalberti, Aquila, 254 adamsii, Colymbus, 35 adamsii, Gavia, 35 Adamastor, 51

addenda, Priocella, 51 adeliae, Catarrhactes, 30 adeliae, Pygoscelis, 30 adoxa, Ardea, 100 adspersus, Crypturellus, 19 adspersus, Tinamus, 19 Aechmophorus, 40 Aegypiinae, 259

Aegypius, 260

segyptiaca, Alopochen, 154 zegyptiaca, Anas, 154 egyptius, Falco, 203 zegyptius, Milvus, 203 Aepyornithidae, 11 aequatorialis, Circus, 266 zequatorialis, Falco, 304 zequinoctialis, Buteogallus, 245 zequinoctialis, Falco, 245 zequinoctialis, Procellaria, 52 Aerospiza, 206

zeruginosus, Circus, 266 zeruginosus, Falco, 266 zesalon, Falco, 295 eethereus, Phaéthon, 77 zthiopica, Threskiornis, 131 zthiopicus, Tantalus, 131 zthiops, Buteo, 233

affinis, Accipiter, 222

INDEX

affinis, Crypturellus, 20 affinis, Crypturus, 20 affinis, Fuligula, 176 affinis, Milvus, 203 affinis, Nyroca, 176 Afraetus, 253

Afranas, 158

Afrardea, 98

africanus, Cassinaétus, 251 africanus, Gyps, 262 africanus, Haliétor, 93 africanus, Limnaetus, 251 africanus, Pelecanus, 93 africanus, Pseudogyps, 262 Agamia, 114

agami, Agamia, 114 agami, Ardea, 114 agassizii, Nothura, 26 agilis, Procellaria, 66 agilis, Pterodroma, 66 aguia, Falco, 227

Aix, 170

Ajaia, 140

ajaja,Ajaia, 140

ajaja, Platalea, 140 akleyorum, Lampribis, 134 akleyorum, Oreoibis, 134 alascanus, Falco, 286 alascanus, Halizetus, 258 alascensis, Buteo, 231 alaunicus, Falco, 295 alba, Ardea, 102

alba, Guara, 137

alba, Pagodroma, 67 alba, Platalea, 139

alba, Procellaria, 62 alba, Pterodroma, 62 alba, Scolopax, 137 albani, Pterodroma, 61 albatrus, Diomedea, 43 albeola, Anas, 177 albeola, Bucephala, 177 albellus, Mergellus, 185 albellus, Mergus, 185 albescens, Rhea, 4 albicandatus, Buteo, 229 albicilla, Falco, 258

310

albicilla, Halizeetus, 258 albicollis, Falco, 241 albicollis, Leucopternis, 241 albicollis, Pelecanus, 81 albidulus, Butorides, 105 albidus, Accipiter, 207 albidus, Astur, 207

albidus, Calopezus, 28 albida, Eudromia, 28 albidus, Falco, 271

albidus, Spilornis, 271 albifrons, Anser, 147 albifrons, Branta, 147 albifrons, Pteronetta, 172 albigula, Buteo, 229 albigularis, Crypturellus, 18 albigularis, Crypturus, 18 albigularis, Falco, 291 albigularis, Nesofregetta, 71 albigularis, Procellaria, 71 albinucha, Querquedula, 162 albipennis, Cheniscus, 171 albipennis, Nettapus, 171 albipes, Aquila, 254 albiventer, Carbo, 92 albiventer, Phalacrocorax, 92 albiventris, Accipiter, 212 albiventris, Urospizias, 212 albociliatus, Phalacrocorax, 86 albogularis, Accipiter, 218 » albogularis, Anas, 163 albogularis, Mareca, 163 albogularis, Phaleobcenus, 280 albogularis, Polyborus, 280 alboides, Astur, 214 albolimbatus, Butorides, 105 alboniger, Nisaétus, 249 alboniger, Spizaétus, 249 albonotatus, Buteo, 232 albosignata, Eudyptula, 33 albus, Ardea, 110

albus, Casmerodius, 110 alcinus, Machaerhamphus, 194 aldabranus, Falco, 301 aldabrensis, Fregata, 96 alexanderi, Chenonetta, 152 alexanderi, Diomedea, 42 alexanderi, Heteroprion, 49 alexanderi, Pachyptila, 49 alexanderi, Thalassogeron, 42, 45 alexanderi, Virago, 163 alexandrae, Notophoyx, 101

INDEX

alfred-edmundi, Falco, 294 alius, Buteo, 238

alia, Rupornis, 238 alisteri, Fregettornis, 70 alisteri, Ixobrychus, 121 alleni, Buteo, 233

alleni, Erismatura, 184 alleni, Puffinus, 55

alleni, Rhynchotus, 24 alligator, Ibis, 132

alopex, Falco, 302

alopex, Tinnunculus, 302 Alopochen, 154 Alphapuffinus, 53

altaicus, Falco, 286 altaicus, Hierfalco, 286 alter, Heterprion, 49 altera, Pachyptila, 49 alticola, Anas, 165 altijugus, Casuarius, 6 amauroleucus, Elanus, 239 Amazonetta, 158 ambigua, Nothoprocta, 25 ambiguus, Haliastur, 205 americana, Anas, 168 americana, Bucephala, 177 americana, Clangula, 177 americanus, Daptrius, 279 americanus, Falco, 279 americana, Fuligula, 174 americana, Mareca, 168 americanus, Mergus, 187 americana, Mycteria, 126 americana, Nyroca, 174 americana, Oidemia, 181 americana, Rhea, 4 americanus, Struthio, 4 amphitrite, Fregetta, 71 amurensis, Ardea, 106 amurensis, Butorides, 106 amurensis, Falco, 298 Anacarbo, 85

anadyrensis, Melanonyx, 148 Anas, 158

Anastomus, 127

Anatidae, 143

Anatinae, 154

anatum, Falco, 290 andamanensis, Spizaétus, 250 anderssoni, Machaerhamphus, 194 anderssoni, Stringonyx, 194 andina, Cerchneis, 304

andinus, Pheenicoparrus, 141 andinus, Phcenicopterus, 141 andium, Anas, 166 andium, Querquedula, 166 andrei, Crypturellus, 18 andrei, Crypturus, 18 andrewsli, Fregata, 95 angolensis, Falco, 263 angolensis, Gypohierax, 263 angustirostris, Anas, 167 Anhima, 142

Anhimae, 142

Anhimidae, 142

Anhinga, 94

anhinga, Anhinga, 95 anhinga, Plotus, 95 Anhingidae, 94 Anomalaetus, 251

Anser, 146

anser, Anas, 146

anser, Anser, 146 Anseranas, 144

Anseres, 143

Anseriformes, 142 Anserinae, 145

antarctica, Aptenodytes, 30 antarctica, Phoebetria, 46 antarctica, Priocella, 51 antarctica, Procellaria, 51 antarctica, Thalassoica, 51 antarcticus, Fulmarus, 51 antarcticus, Podiceps, 41 antarcticus, Podilymbus, 41 antarctica, Pygoscelis, 30 anthonyi, Ardea, 103 anthonyi, Butorides, 103 anthracinus, Buteogallus, 244 anthracinus, Falco, 244 antillarum, Buteo, 237 antillarum, Podilymbus, 41 antipodes, Catarrhactes, 32 antipodes, Megadyptes, 32 antiquorum, Phoenicopterus, 141 apirati, Spizaétus, 248 apivorus, Falco, 198 apivorus, Pernis, 198 approximans, Circus, 267 apsleyi, Falco, 293 Aptenodytes, 29 Apterygiformes, 11 Apterygidae, 11

Apteryx, 11

INDEX 311

Aquila, 253

aquila, Fregata, 95 aquilus, Pelecanus, 95 arabicus, Falco, 289 arabicus, Milvus, 203 araea, Cerchneis, 302 araea, Falco, 302

arborea, Anas, 154 arborea, Dendrocygna, 154 arcanus, Rhynchotus, 24 Archaeopterygidae, 3 Archaeopterygiformes, 3 Archaeornithes, 3

archeri, Buteo, 230 archeri, Platalea, 139 Archifaleo, 287

arcticus, Colymbus, 34 arctica, Gavia, 34 arctonetta, 180

arcuata, Anas, 153 arcuata, Dendrocygna, 153 Ardea, 97, 98

Ardeae, 97

Ardeidae, 97

Ardeinae, 97

Ardeiralla, 123

Ardenna, 53

ardesiaca, Ardea, 109 ardesiaca, Melanophoyx, 109 Ardeola,; 107

ardosiaceus, Falco, 297 argutus, Buteo, 237 arguta, Rupornis, 237 ariel, Atagen, 97

ariel, Attagen, 95

ariel, Fregata, 97 Aristonetta, 173 aristotelis, Pelecanus, 89 aristotelis, Phalacrocorax, 89 armata, Merganetta, 189 arminjoniana, Aestrelata, 64 arminjoniana, Pterodroma, 64 arrigonii, Accipiter, 206 arrigonil, Astur, 206 arrigonii, Buteo, 234 arthuri, Falco, 301 arthuri, Tinnunculus, 301 aruensis, Ardea, 102 Asarcornis, 155 ascensionis, Leptophethon, 79 ascensionis, Phaéthon, 79 asha, Ardea, 112

312

asha, Demigretta, 112 ashbyi, Falco, 294

ashleyi, Falco, 294 asiatica, Ciconia, 129 asiatica, Mycteria, 130 asiaticus, Xenorhynchus, 130 assimilis, Circus, 265 assimilis, Malacorhynchus, 170 assimilis, Puffinus, 58 astrologus, Ixobrychus, 121 Astur, 205

astur, Eutriorchis, 274 Asturina, 240

asturinus, Spilornis, 274 ater, Buteo, 240

ater, Carbo, 90

ater, Daptrius, 278 aterrima, Procellaria, 61 aterrima, Pterodroma, 61 atrata, Anas, 144

atrata, Chenopis, 144 atratus, Coragyps, 190 atrata, Procellaria, 66 atrata, Pterodroma, 66 atratus, Vultur, 190 atricapillus, Accipiter, 208 atricapilla, Anas, 172 atricapilla, Ardea, 105 atricapillus, Butorides, 105 atricapillus, Falco, 208, 247 atricapilla, Heteronetta, 172 atricapillus, Spizastur, 247 atrocapillus, Crypturellus, 20 atrocapillus, Crypturus, 20 atriceps, Phalacrocorax, 92 atlantica, Chen, 146 atlanticus, Puffinus, 59 aucklandica, Nesonetta, 158 auduboni, Phoebetria, 46 audubonii, Polyborus, 281 audax, Uroaétus, 256 audax, Vultur, 256

augur, Buteo, 230

augur, Falco, 230 auguralis, Buteo, 230

aura, Cathartes, 190

aura, Vultur, 190 aurantiacus, Casuarius, 9 aureus, Gypaétus, 264 aureus, Vultur, 264 auricularis, Puffinus, 58 auricularis, Vultur, 260

INDEX

aurita, Anas, 172

auritus, Carbo, 86

auritus, Colymbus, 38 auritus, Nettapus, 172 auritus, Phalacrocorax, 86 australis, Aestrelata, 61 australis, Apteryx, 11 australis, Ardea, 123 australis, Busarellus, 245 australis, Colymbus, 39 australis, Daption, 47 australis, Dupetor, 123 australis, Falco, 280, 305 australis, Fregetta, 70 australis, Geranoaetus, 227 australis, Heterospizias, 226 australis, Mergus, 188 australis, Mycteria, 129 australis, Nyroca, 175 australis, Oxyura, 185 australis, Phaleobcenus, 280 australis, Podiceps, 39 australis, Pterodroma, 61 australis, Struthio, 4 australis, Tinnunculus, 305 australis, Xenorhynchus, 130 autumnalis, Anas, 153 autumnalis, Dendrocygna, 153 autumnalis, Piscatrix, 84 Aviceda, 195

axillaris, Gistrelata, 65 axillaris, Pterodroma, 65 ayresil, Hieraaétus, 252 ayresil, Spizaétus, 252 Aythya, 173

azarae, Hypomorphnus, 244 azarae, Phimosus, 137 azarae, Urubitinga, 244

babylonicus, Falco, 289 bacchus, Ardeola, 108 baechus, Buphus, 108 bacha, Falco, 271 badius, Accipiter, 211 badius, Falco, 211 baeri, Anas, 175

baeri, Nyroca, 175 bahamensis, Anas, 167 bahamensis, Ardea, 103 bahamensis, Butorides, 103 bahiz, Tigriosoma, 119 bailloni, Procellaria, 60

bailloni, Puffinus, 60 Baleniceps, 125 Balenicipites, 125 Baleenicipitidae, 125 baleanicus, Astur, 207 balzarensis, Geranospiza, 268 bancrofti, Nyctanassa, 116 bangsi, Oceanodroma, 73 bangsi, Urubitinga, 244 banksi, Pachyptila, 50 Bannermania, 72 bannermani, Buteo, 234 bannermani, Puffinus, 60 bannermani, Scopus, 126 Baptornithidae, 3 barbadensis, Butorides, 104 barbatus, Gypaétus, 264 barbatus, Vultur, 264 baroli, Procellaria, 59 baroli, Puffinus, 59 bartelsi, Spizaétus, 249 bartletti, Crypturellus, 21 bartletti, Crypturus, 21 bassanus, Morus, 82 bassanus, Pelecanus, 82 bassi, Diomedea, 44

bassi, Dromaeus, 10 bassus, Falco, 271

bassus, Spilornis, 271 batesi, Accipiter, 222 batesi, Baza, 195

batesi, Dryotriorchis, 274 batesi, Spizaétus, 251 batesi, Urotriorchis, 227 baweanus, Spilornis, 272 Baza, 195

beali, Oceanodroma, 73 beaudouini, Circaétus, 270 beccarii, Casuarius, 6 becki, Pterodroma, 62 becki, Puffinus, 59 bedouti, Sula, 84

belcheri, Heteroprion, 50 belcheri, Pachyptila, 50 belcheri, Pelecanoides, 76 belcheri, Thalassarche, 43 beldingi, Oceanodromia, 73 belisarius, Aquila, 254 belisarius, Falco, 254 bellicosus, Falco, 251 bellicosus, Polemaétus, 251 bendirei, Falco, 296

INDEX

bengalensis, Pseudogyps, 262 bengalensis, Vultur, 262 benguellensis, Astur, 209 beniensis, Accipiter, 210 bennetti, Casuarius, 8 berard, Pelecanoides, 76 berard, Procellaria, 76 berigora, Falco, 306 berigora, Jeracidea, 306 berlepschi, Crypturellus, 16 berlepschi, Crypturus, 16 berlepschi, Merganetta, 189 berlepschi, Phimosus, 137 bermuda, Puffinus, 57 bernicla, Anas, 149 bernicla, Branta, 149 bernieri, Anas, 164 bernieri, Ibis, 131

bernieri, Querquedula, 164 bernieri, Threskiornis, 131 bernsteini, Falco, 300 besra, Accipiter, 223 bewickii, Cygnus, 143 biarmicus, Falco, 285 bicarunculatus, Casuarius, 7 bicolor, Accipiter, 217 bicolor, Anas, 153

bicolor, Dendrocygna, 153 bicolor, Sparvius, 217 bidentatus, Falco, 200 bidentatus, Harpagus, 200 bido, Falco, 272

bido, Spilornis, 272 bimaculatus, Tinamus, 20 bismarckii, Aviceda, 197 bismarckii, Baza, 197 bistriatus, Casuarius, 6 Biziura, 185

blancheti, Falco, 288 blythi, Gorsachius, 117 bocagei, Lampribis, 134 bogotensis, Ixobrychus, 122 bolivianus, Heterocnus, 119 boliviana, Nothura, 26 bolivianum, Tigrisoma, 119 bonapartei, Nothocercus, 15 bonapartei, Tinamus, 15 boraquira, Nothura, 27 boraquira, Tinamus, 27 borealis, Buteo, 231 borealis, Falco, 231 borealis, Platypus, 179

313

314

borealis, Puffinus, 54

borealis, Somateria, 179 borneensis, Aviceda, 196 borneensis, Baza, 196

boschas, Anas, 158 Bostrychia, 135

Botaurinae, 120

Botaurus, 124

bougainvillei, Accipiter, 213 bougainvillei, Astur, 213 bougainvillii, Carbo, 90. bougainvillii, Phalacrocorax, 90 boucardi, Crypturellus, 19 boucardi, Tinamus, 19 boyciana, Ciconia, 129

boydi, Puffinus, 59

brabournei, Procellaria, 52 brachyptera, Anas, 176 brachypterus, Buteo, 235 brachypterus, Colymbus, 37 brachypterus, Falco, 276 brachyptera, Tachyeres, 176 brachypterus, Poliocephalus, 37 brachyrhynchus, Anser, 148 brachyrhynchus, Colymbus, 37 brachyrhynchus, Herodias, 112 brachyrhyncha, Mesophoyx, 112 brachyrhynchus, Poliocephalus, 37 brachyurus, Accipiter, 224 brachyurus, Astur, 224 brachyurus, Buteo, 239 bradfieldi, Psammoaetus, 255 branda, Stictonetta, 157 branickii, Nothoprocta, 25 branickii, Theristicus, 136 Branta, 149

brasiliensis, Anas, 165 brasiliensis, Falco, 280 brasiliensis, Polyborus, 280 brasiliensis, Tinamus, 12 braziliensis, Prionochilus, 188 brevicaudus, Puffinus, 56 brevipennis, Falco, 303 brevipennis, Tinnunculus, 303 brevipes, Accipiter, 210 brevipes, Ardea, 105

brevipes, Astur, 210

brevipes, Butorides, 105 brevipes, Procellaria, 66 brevipes, Pterodroma, 66 brevirostris, Crypturellus, 20 brevirostris, Hagedashia, 134

INDEX

brevirostris, Haliétor, 93 brevirostris, Pachyptila, 50 brevirostris, Phalacrocorax, 93 brevirostris, Prion, 50 brevirostris, Procellaria, 63 brevirostris, Sceophzethon, 78 brevirostris, Theristicus, 134 brevirostre, Tigrisoma, 119 brevirostris, Tinamus, 20 brewsteri, Egretta, 113 brewsteri, Leucophoyx, 113 brewsteri, Sula, 85 britannica, Somateria, 179 brittanicus, Falco, 288 brookei, Faleo, 289 broomei, Accipiter, 224 brunescens, Ardea, 103 brunnescens, Aix, 171 brunnea, Nyroca, 175 brutus, Accipiter, 216 brutus, Nisus, 216

bryani, Ardetta, 121 bryani, Ixobrychus, 121 Bubulcus, 108 ©

bubulcus, Ardea, 108 buccinator, Cygnus, 144 Bucephala, 177

buchanani, Demigretta, 112 buckleyi, Micrastur, 277 biirgersi, Accipiter, 208 biirgersi, Astur, 208 biittikoferi, Accipiter, 222 buffoni, Circus, 266 buffoni, Falco, 266

bulleri, Diomedea, 44 bulleri, Puffinus, 56 Bulweria, 67

bulwerii, Bulweria, 68 bulwerii, Procellaria, 68 burmana, Aviceda, 197 burmana, Baza, 197 burmanicus, Buteo, 235 burmanicus, Microhierax, 283 burmanicus, Spilornis, 271 buruensis, Accipiter, 215 Busarellus, 245

Butastur, 243

Buteo, 228

buteo, Buteo, 234

buteo, Falco, 234 Buteogallus, 244

buteoides, Accipiter, 207

buteoides, Astur, 207 Buteoninae, 227 butleri, Accipiter, 212 butleri, Astur, 212 Butorides, 102 byroni, Cookilaria, 66 byroni, Puffinus, 58 byroni, Reinholdia, 58

cabanisi, Heterocnus, 119 cabanisi, Tigrisoma, 119 cachinnans, Falco, 276 cachinnans, Herpetotheres, 276 cerulea, Ardea, 107 caeruleus, Elanus, 192 caeruleus, Falco, 192 cerulea, Florida, 107 cxerulea, Halobzena, 48 cerulea, Procellaria, 48 czrulescens, Anas, 146 cxerulescens, Chen, 146 cerulescens, Falco, 283 czrulescens, Geranospiza, 268 cerulescens, Harpiprion, 135 caerulescens, Ibis, 135 cerulescens, Microhierax, 283 czrulescens, Sparvius, 268 caesius, Astur, 207.

caesius, Elanus, 192

cahow, Aistrelata, 62

cahow, Pterodroma, 62 Cairina, 155

calceolata, Ardea, 109 caledonica, Ardea, 115 caledonicus, Nycticorax, 115 Calherodius, 116

calidus, Falco, 288 californianus, Gymnogyps, 191 californianus, Vultur, 191 californicus, Colymbus, 39 californicus, Pelecanus, 81 californicus, Podiceps, 39 californica, Sula, 83 Caloardea, 116

Calodromas, 28

Calodromus, 28

Calonectris, 53

Calopezus, 28

calurus, Buteo, 231

calvus, Geronticus, 133 calvus, Sarcogyps, 260 calvus, Tantalus, 133

INDEX

calvus, Vultur, 260

camelus, Struthio, 3 campbelli, Phalacrocorax, 91 campbelli, Phoebetria, 45 campbelli, Urile, 91 Camptorhynchus, 182

cana, Anas, 156

cana, Casarea, 156 canadensis, Anas, 150 canadensis, Aquila, 254 canadensis, Branta, 150 canadensis, Falco, 254 canagica, Anas, 149 canagica, Philacte, 149 canariensis, Cerchneis, 300 canariensis, Falco, 300 cancrivorus, Buteogallus, 245 cancrivorus, Nycticorax, 116 cancrivora, Urubitinga, 245 candicans, Falco, 286 candidissima, Ardea, 113 candidus, Anser, 155 candidus, Ibis, 126

candida, Procellaria, 67 canescens, Accipiter, 210 canescens, Astur, 210 capensis, Anas, 164 capensis, Ardea, 124 capensis, Botaurus, 124 capensis, Daption, 47 capensis, Dysporus, 82 capensis, Morus, 82 capensis, Pelecanus, 88 capensis, Phalacrocorax, 88 capensis, Podiceps, 37 capensis, Poliocephalus, 37 capensis, Procellaria, 47 capensis, Rhynchaspis, 169 capensis, Spatula, 169 capillatus, Carbo, 88 capillatus, Phalacrocorax, 88 caquetz, Crypturellus, 18 caquetz, Crypturus, 18 carbo, Pelecanus, 87

carbo, Phalacrocorax, 87 carbonarius, Puffinus, 54 carcinophilus, Butorides, 106 carcinophonus, Butorides, 106 caribzearum, Falco, 303 caribbzea, Pterodroma, 62 carlo, Cerchneis, 300

carlo, Falco, 300

315

316

carneipes, Puffinus, 54 carneirostris, Anser, 147 caroli, Crypturus, 21 carolinensis, Anas, 164 carolinensis, Falco, 275 carolinensis, Pandion, 275 carolinensis, Pelecanus, 81 Carphibis, 132

carterae, Podiceps, 36

carteri, Aquila, 256

carteri, Demigretta, 112 carteri, Thalassogeron, 44 carunculata, Anas, 155 carunculata, Bostrychia, 135 carunculata, Ibis, 135 carunculatus, Pelecanus, 91 carunculatus, Phalacrocorax, 91 carunculatus, Phalcoboenus, 280 carunculata, Sarkidiornis, 155 carunculatus, Theristicus, 135 caryophyllacea, Anas, 170 caryophyllacea, Rhodonessa, 170 Casarca, 156

casarea, Anas, 156

casiquiare, Crypturellus, 23 casiquiare, Crypturornis, 23 Casmerodius, 109 Cassinaétus, 250

cassini, Falco, 290

castanea, Anas, 163 castaneus, Crypturellus, 16 castanea, Mareca, 163 castaneus, Tinamus, 16 castaneiceps, Tinamus, 13 castanilius, Aeccipiter, 210 castanonotus, Hypotriorchis, 282 castanonotus, Polihiérax, 282 castor, Mergus, 186

castro, Oceanodroma, 73 castro, Thalassidroma, 73 Casuariidae, 5 Casuariiformes, 5

Casuarius, 5

casuarius, Casuarius, 5 casuarius, Struthio, 5 catesbyi, Phaéthon, 79 catingae, Rhynchotus, 23 Cathartae, 189

Cathartes, 190

Cathartidae, 189 cathartoides, Buteogallus, 244 caucze, Cerchneis, 304

INDEX

cauce, Crypturellus, 18 cauce, Crypturus, 18

cauce, Falco, 304

caucasicus, Accipiter, 207 caucasicus, Falco, 289 caudatus, Scolopax, 136 caudatus, Theristicus, 1386 cauta, Diomedea, 44 cayennensis, Ardea, 117 cayennensis, Falco, 199 cayennensis, Mesembrinibis, 136 cayennensis, Nyctanassa, 117 cayennensis, Tantalus, 136 cearz, Cerchneis, 305

cearz, Falco, 305

celebensis, Aviceda, 196 celebensis, Baza, 196 celebensis, Circus, 265 celebensis, Pernis, 199 cenchroides, Accipiter, 211 cenchroides, Astur, 211 cenchroides, Falco, 301 centralasiae, Falco, 292 centralasiae, Hypotriorchis, 292 centralia, Ieracidea, 306 Centropelma, 40

ceramensis, Accipiter, 224 ceramensis, Nisus, 224 Cerchneis, 298.

Cercibis, 186

Cereopsinae, 145

Cereopsis, 145

cernuus, Circus, 264 cervicalis, Gistrelata, 65 cervicalis, Pterodroma, 65 cerviniventris, Crypturellus, 16 cerviniventris, Crypturus, 16 ceylanensis, Falco, 250 ceylanensis, Spizaétus, 250 ceylonensis, Aviceda, 195 ceylonensis, Baza, 195 chalconotus, Graculus, 91 chalconotus, Phalacrocorax, 91 chantrei, Anhinga, 94 chantrei, Plotus, 94 chapmani, Herpetotheres, 276 chapmani, Oceanodroma, 74 chathamensis, Pelecanoides, 76 Chaulelasmus, 168

Chauna, 142

chavaria, Chauna, 142 chavaria, Parra, 142

cheela, Falco, 271

cheela, Spilornis, 271 Chelictinia, 193

Chen, 145

Cheniscus, 171

Chenonetta, 152

Chenopis, 144

cheriway, Falco, 280 cheriway, Polyborus, 280 cherrug, Falco, 285 chicquera, Falco, 296 chilensis, Accipiter, 218 chilensis, Colymbus, 38 chilensis, Oceanites, 68 chilensis, Phoenicopterus, 141 chilensis, Podiceps, 38 chimachima, Milvago, 279 chimachima, Polyborus, 279 chimaera, Casuarius, 7 chimango, Milvago, 279 chimango, Polyborus, 279 chionogaster, Accipiter, 221 chionogaster, Nisus, 221 chionophara, Aistrelata, 64 chionoptera, Diomedea, 42 chirimotanus, Crypturellus, 17 chirimotanus, Crypturus, 17 Chloéphaga, 151 chlororhynchos, Diomedea, 44 chlororhynchus, Puffinus, 55 chlorotis, Anas, 162 Chondrohierax, 200 chorassanicus, Accipiter, 211 chorassanicus, Astur, 211 christiani, Colymbus, 39 christiani, Podiceps, 39 ehristiani-ludovici, Falco, 295 christophorensis, Butorides, 103 chrysaétos, Aquila, 253 chrysaétos, Falco, 253 chrysocome, Catarrhactes, 31 chrysolophus, Catarhactes, 32 chrysolophus, Eudyptes, 32 chrysostoma, Diomedea, 45 chubbi, Oceanites, 71 Ciconia, 129

ciconia, Ardea, 129

ciconia, Ciconia, 129 Ciconiae, 126

Ciconiidae, 126 Ciconiiformes, 97

Ciconiinae, 127

INDEX

Ciconioidea, 126 Cinathisma, 53

cincinatus, Carbo, 86 cincinatus, Phalacrocorax, 86 cinerascens, Circaétus, 270 cinerascens, Nothoprocta, 25 cinerascens, Nothura, 25 cinereiceps, Neohierax, 284 cinereiceps, Polihierax, 284 cinereus, Adamastor, 51 cinerea, Ardea, 99

cinerea, Asturia, 240 cinereus, Circaétus, 270 cinereus, Circus, 266 cinereus, Crypturellus, 16 cinereus, Ibis, 127

cinerea, Procellaria, 51 cinereus, Sparverius, 214 cinereus, Tantalus, 127 cinereus, Tetrao, 16 cinnamomea, Ardea, 122 cinnamomeus, Crypturellus, 21 cinnamomeus, Gyps, 261 cinnamomeus, Ixobrychus, 122 cinnamomeus, Tinamus, 21 cinnamominus, Falco, 305 Circaétinae, 269

Circaétus, 269

Circinae, 264

circumcinctus, Harpagus, 281 circumcinctus, Ibycter, 280 circumcinctus, Spiziapteryx, 281 Circus, 264

cirrhatus, Falco, 250: cirrhatus, Limnaétops, 248 cirrhatus, Spizaétus, 250 cirrhocephalus, Accipiter, 224 cirrhocephalus, Sparvius, 224 cirriger, Phalacrocorax, 91 cirtensis, Buteo, 230 cirtensis, Faleo, 230 Cladornithidae, 34

clamans, Haliaétos, 257 clamans, Halizetus, 257 Clamosocircus, 277

clanga, Aquila, 255 Clangocyenus, 143

Clangula, 178

clangula, Anas, 177

clangula, Bucephala, 177 claudii, Casuarius, 7

cloatesi, Podiceps, 37

317

318

cloatesi, Poliocephalus, 37 clypeata, Anas, 169 clypeata, Spatula, 169 cochlearia, Cancroma, 125 cochlearius, Cochlearius, 125 Cochlearius, 125 Cochleariidae, 125

cocoi, Ardea, 101

cognata, Ardea, 100 colensoi, Phalacrocorax, 91 collaris, Accipiter, 219 collaris, Anas, 174

collaris, Nyroca, 174 collaris, Procellaria, 75 colombiana, Merganetta, 188 colonus, Buteo, 228 colorata, Dichromanassa, 109 columbarius, Falco, 296 columbianus, Anas, 144 columbianus, Crypturellus, 22 columbianus, Crypturus, 22 columbianus, Cygnus, 144 columbianus, Theristicus, 136 Colymbidae, 35 Colymbiformes, 35 Colymbus, 38

communis, Falco, 287 conboschas, Anas, 159 concolor, Demigretta, 111 concolor, Falco, 293 confusus, Accipiter, 223 confusus, Crypturellus, 19 confusus, Crypturus, 19 confusa, Pagodroma, 67 connectens, Butorides, 106 conspectus, Buteo, 237 conspecta, Rupornis, 237 conspicillatus, Pelecanus, 80 conspicillata, Procellaria, 52 cooki, Procellaria, 65 cookii, Pterodroma, 65 cooktowni, Accipiter, 214 cooktowni, Astur, 214 cooktowni, Demigretta, 112 coongani, Aquila, 252 cooperii, Accipiter, 217 cooperii, Falco, 217 coppingeri, Pelecanoides, 76 coprotheres, Gyps, 261 coprotheres, Vultur, 261 coquimbica, Nothoprocta, 26 Coragyps, 190

INDEX

cordatus, Milvago, 279 cornuta, Anhima, 142 cornuta, Palamedea, 142 cornuta, Pseudotadorna, 158 coromanda, Cancroma, 108 coromandeliana, Anas, 171 coromandelianus, Cheniscus, 171 coromandus, Bubulcus, 108 coronatus, Falco, 251 coronatus, Harpyhaliztus, 246 coronata, Harpyia, 246 coronatus, Stephanoaétus, 251 Coryornis, 228

Coscoroba, 155

coscoroba, Anas, 156 coscoroba, Coscoroba, 156 costaricensis, Asturina, 241 costaricensis, Buteo, 232 costaricensis, Crypturellus, 19 costaricensis, Crypturus, 19 costaricensis, Leucopternis, 241 couesi, Chaulelasmus, 169 couesi, Oceanites, 72 crassirostris, Nycticorax, 115 crassirostris, Pachyptila, 50 crassirostris, Pseudoprion, 50 crawfordi, Butorides, 105 creatopus, Puffinus, 54 crecca, Anas, 164

crestata, Aptenodytes, 31 crestatus, Eudyptes, 31 crispus, Pelecanus, 80 cristata, Anas, 165

cristatus, Colymbus, 39 cristata, Lophotibis, 138 cristata, Palamedea, 142 cristatus, Pandion, 275 cristata, Pseudotadorna, 157 cristatus, Tantalus, 138 cruentus, Accipiter, 216 cruentus, Astur, 216 crumenifera, Ciconia, 131

- crumeniferus, Leptoptilos, 131

cryptoleucura, Cymochorea, 73 cryptoleucura, Oceanodroma, 73 Crypturella, 15

Crypturellus, 15

Crypturornis, 15

Crypturus, 15

Ctenanas, 152

cubanensis, Buteo, 236 cubanus, Butorides, 103

cucullata, Ardea, 116 cucullatus, Lophodytes, 186 cucullatus, Mergus, 186 cuculoides, Aviceda, 195 Cuncuma, 257

cuneatus, Puffinus, 55 cupreipennis, Lampribis, 134 cupreipennis, Theristicus, 134 curacensis, Butorides, 104 curtus, Anser, 148

Cuvieria, 291

cuvieril, Falco, 293 curvirostris, Nothoprocta, 25 cyanescens, Falco, 292 cyaneus, Circus, 264 cyaneus, Falco, 264 cyanocephala, Ardea, 115 cyanocephalus, Nycticorax, 115 Cyanochen, 152

cyanoleuca, Cinathisma, 58 cyanoptera, Anas, 162 cyanoptera, Bernicla, 152 cyanopterus, Cyanochen, 152 cyanura, Ardea, 105 cyanurus, Butorides, 105 Cygninae, 143

cygnoid, Anas, 149

cygnoid, Cygnopsis, 149 Cygnopsis, 148

Cygnus, 143

cygnus, Anas, 143

cygnus, Cygnus, 143 Cymochorea, 72 Cymodroma, 70

Cymindes, 201 Cyphornithidae, 82 Cyrtopelicanus, 80

dabbenena, Diomedea, 42 dacotiae, Falco, 300 Dafila, 158, 159 dactylatra, Sula, 83 dacunhe, Pelecanoides, 76 dampieri, Accipiter, 213 dampieri, Nyroca, 175 dampieri, Urospizias, 213 daphanea, Aquila, 253 Daption, 47

Daptrius, 278

darwini, Nothura, 27 darwinil, Rhea, 5 davisoni, Geronticus, 132

INDEX 319

davisoni, Pseudibis, 132 davisoni, Spilornis, 271 decepta, Gypoictinia, 204 deckeni, Poliohierax, 282 defilippiana, Aistrelata, 65 defilippiana, Pterodroma, 65 degens, Butorides, 105 deglandi, Melanitta, 181 deglandi, Oedemia, 181 deiroleucus, Falco, 291 demersa, Diomedea, 33 demersus, Spheniscus, 33 Demigretta, 111 Dendrocygna, 152 Dendrocygninae, 152 Dendronessa, 171

derbyi, Plotus, 95 deserticola, Cerchneis, 302 deserticola, Falco, 302 desmarestii, Carbo, 89 desmarestii, Phalacrocorax, 89 desolata, Pachyptila, 49 desolata, Procellaria, 49 desolationis, Diomedea, 44 desolationis, Thalassogeron, 44 devillei, Spizaétus, 248 diazi, Anas, 161 Dichromanassa, 109 dichrous, Puffinus, 60 dickeyi, Dichromanassa, 109 dickinsoni, Falco, 297 didimus, Accipiter, 215 didimus, Astur, 215 diemenianus, Casuarius, 10 diemenianus, Dromiceius, 10 diemenensis, Dromaeus, 10 diemenensis, Dromiceius, 10 dimorpha, Egretta, 111 Dinornithidae, 11 Dinornithiformes, 11 diodon, Falco, 201

diodon, Harpagus, 201 Diomedea, 41

diomedea, Procellaria, 54 diomedea, Puffinus, 54 Diomedeidae, 41 Diomedella, 41

Diplura, 126

Dipluravis, 126

direptor, Buteo, 237 direptor, Rupornis, 237 discolor, Dendrocygna, 153

320

discors, Anas, 162

disneyi, Ardeiralla, 124 dispar, Bernicla, 151 dispar, Chloéphaga, 151 dissimilis, Crypturellus, 22 dissimilis, Crypturus, 22 Dissodectes, 297

Dissoura, 128

distincta, Cerchneis, 304 distinctus, Falco, 304

distinguendus, Hypotriorchis, 292

dixoni, Oedemia, 181 dixoni, Melanitta, 181 dorriesi, Cerchneis, 299 dorriesi, Falco, 299 doggetti, Casuarius, 8 domesticus, Anser, 146 dominicanus, Butorides, 103 dominicensis, Falco, 303 dominica, Anas, 184 dominicus, Colymbus, 37 dominicus, Nomonyx, 184 dominicus, Poliocephalus, 37 doriae, Erythrotriorchis, 225 doriae, Megatriorchis, 225 dorothez, Phaéthon, 79 dovei, Macronectes, 46 dresseri, Somateria, 179 Dromiceiidae, 9 Dromiceius, 9 Dromornithidae, 11 drummondi, Circus, 267 drygalskii, Anas, 166 Dryotriorchis, 274

dubia, Ardea, 130

dubius, Ixobrychus, 120 dubius, Leptoptilos, 130 dubius, Pterodroma, 64 dulcize, Pelagodroma, 69 Dupetor, 123

dussumieri, Accipiter, 211 dussumieri, Falco, 211 dydimus, Priofinus, 52 dydimus, Spatula, 170 dyotti, Sula, 82

eatoni, Anas, 166

eatoni, Pachyptila, 50 eatoni, Pseudoprion, 50 eatoni, Querquedula, 166 ecaudatus, Falco, 269 ecaudatus, Terathopius, 269

INDEX

ecuadoriensis, Buteo, 238 ecuadoriensis, Rupornis, 238 edwardsi, Casuarius, 7 edwardsij, Puffinus, 54 Egretta, 110

egretta, Ardea, 110

egretta, Casmerodius, 110 eichhorni, Accipiter, 214 Hider, 179

eidos, Falco, 305

Elaninae, 192

Elanoides, 194

Elanus, 192

elasson, Gavia, 35

elegans, Buteo, 233, 240 elegans, Eudromia, 29 elegans, Puffinus, 59 eleonorz, Falco, 293

elgini, Haematornis, 273 elgini, Spilornis, 273

emini, Baza, 195 Enaliornithidae, 3 Ephippiorhynchus, 130 episcopus, Ardea, 128 episcopus, Dissoura, 128 epomophora, Diomedea, 42 eremica, Cerchneis, 302 eremica, Falco, 302

eremita, Comatibis, 133 eremita, Diomedea, 44 eremita, Geronticus, 133 eremita, Thalassarche, 44 eremita, Upupa, 133 eremonomus, Butorides, 103 erlangeri, Falco, 284 erlangeri, Gyps, 261 erlangeri, Hagedashia, 135 ernesti, Falco, 289 erubescens, Phaéthon, 78 Erythocnus, 107 erythrauchen, Accipiter, 224 erythrofrons, Daedalion, 200 erythrogonys, Hierax, 283 erythrogonys, Microhierax, 283 erythromelas, Ardea, 122 erythromelas, Ixobrychus, 122 erythronemius, Accipiter, 222 erythronemius, Nisus, 222 erythrophthalma, Anas, 175 erythrophthalma, Nyroca, 175 Erythropus, 297

erythropus, Accipiter, 222

erythropus, Anas, 147 erythropus, Anser, 147 erythropus, Crypturellus, 22 erythropus, Falco, 297 erythropus, Nisus, 222 erythropus, Tinamus, 22 erythrorhyncha, Anas, 167 erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus, 80 Erythrotriorchis, 225 etesiaca, Sula, 85 eudiabolus, Accipiter, 209 Eudromia, 28

Eudromias, 28

Eudyptes, 31

Kudyptula, 32

Eufalco, 287

Eulabelia, 148

eulophotes, Egretta, 111 eulophotes, Herodias, 111 Eunetta, 158

Euolor, 143

eurhythma, Ardetta, 122 eurhythmus, Ixobrychus, 122 Eutriorchis, 274

Euxenura, 129

exasperatus, Oceanites, 68 excellens, Tigrisoma, 118 exiguus, Tachytriorchis, 228 exilis, Ardea, 122

exilis, Ixobrychus, 122 eximius, Thalassogeron, 44 exitiosus, Accipiter, 218 exsul, Buteo, 230

exsul Pelecanoides, 77 exulans, Diomedea, 42 eytoni, Dendrocygna, 154 eytoni, Leptotarsis, 154 externa, Cistrelata, 65 externa, Pterodroma, 65 extimus, Buteo, 233

fabalis, Anas, 147 fabalis, Anser, 147 faeroeensis, Somateria, 180 faleata, Anas, 165 falcinellus, Plegadis, 138 falcinellus, Tantalus, 138 Faleo, 284, 291 Falecones, 192 Falconidae, 276 Falconiformes, 189 Falconinae, 284

INDEX

Falconoidea, 192 falklandica, Catharista, 191 falklandica, Cathartes, 191 falklandicus, Nycticorax, 115 falklandica, Pagodroma, 67 fallai, Pachyptila, 50 fannini, Ardea, 99 fasciatus, Accipiter, 216 fasciatus, Astur, 216 fasciata, Aquila, 251 fasciata, Ardea, 119 fasciatus, Harpagus, 200 fasciatus, Hieraaétus, 251 fasciatus, Rhynchotus, 23 fasciatum, Tigrisoma, 119 fasciicauda, Milvus, 202 fasciinucha, Falco, 291 fasciolatus, Circaétus, 270 feae, Cistrelata, 64

feae, Pterodroma, 64 featherstoni, Phalacrocorax, 90 feldeggii, Falco, 285 femoralis, Faleo, 294 ferghanensis, Milvus, 203 ferina, Anas, 174

ferina, Nyroca, 174 ferinoides, Nyroca, 174 fernandensis, Cerchneis, 305 fernandensis, Falco, 305 ferruginea, Anas, 156 ferruginea, Casarca, 156 ferruginea, Erismatura, 185 ferruginea, Oxyura, 185 fidens, Accipiter, 217

fieldi, Cerchneis, 301

fieldi, Falco, 301

filholi, Eudyptes, 31

firasa, Ardea, 99

fischeri, Arctonetta, 180 fischeri, Fuligula, 180 fistularis, Mareca, 167 fitzroi, Carphibis, 132 flavicollis, Ardea, 123 flavicollis, Dupetor, 123 flavipes, Platalea, 140 flavipes, Platibis, 140 flavipes, Spheniscus, 33 flavirostris, Anas, 166 flavirostris, Notophoyx, 102 flavirostris, Procellaria, 54 flavirostris, Puffinus, 54 flindersi, Tadorna, 157

321

322

Florida, 107

floridanus, Carbo, 86 floridana, Halizetus, 257 floridanus, Phalacrocorax, 86 floris, Limnaétus, 250 floris, Spizaétus, 250 floweri, Spilornis, 272 fluvialis, Pandion, 275 foesteri, Casuarius, 8 foetens, Coragyps, 190 foetens, Cathartes, 190 fokiensis, Spizaétus, 248 forbesi, Odontriorchis, 199 forficatus, Elanoides, 194 forficatus, Falco, 194 formosa, Anas, 164 formosus, Calopezus, 28 formosa, Eudromia, 28 formosus, Hieraaétus, 252 formosanus, Milvus, 204 forsteri, Aptenodytes, 30 forsteri, Macronectes, 46 forsteri, Pachyptila, 48 forsteri, Procellaria, 48 fortunatus, Puffinus, 54 frenata, Merganetta, 189 francesii, Accipiter, 216 frantzii, Nothocercus, 15 frantzii, Tinamus, 15 frazari, Ardea, 103 frazari, Butorides, 103 Fregata, 95

Fregatae, 95

Fregatidae, 95

Fregetta, 69

Fregettornis, 69 fringillarius, Falco, 283 fringillarius, Microhierax, 283 fringilloides, Accipiter, 221 fruitiui, Falco, 289

fucosa, Aquila, 256 fiillebornii, Pseudogyps, 262 fujiyame, Astur, 208 fujiyame, Accipiter, 208 fuliginosa, Diomedea, 45 Fuligula, 173

fuligula, Anas, 174 fuligula, Nyroca, 174 Fulmarinae, 46 Fulmariprion, 48 _Fulmarus, 47

fulvescens, Gyps, 261

INDEX

fulvescens, Herpetotheres, 276 fulvescens, Nothoprocta, 25 fulvigula, Anas, 161

fulva, Aquila, 253

fulvus, Falco, 253

fulvus, Gyps, 261

fulvus, Phaéthon, 79

fulvus, Vultur, 261

fumosus, Buteo, 232 fumosus, Crypturellus, 16 fumosus, Crypturus, 16 furcata, Oceanodroma, 75 furcata, Procellaria, 75 furvicollis, Potamolegus, 239 fusca, Anas, 181

fusca, Diomedea, 45

fusca, Melanitta, 181

fuscus, Pelecanus, 81

fusca, Phoebetria, 45 fuscescens, Hydrocorax, 90 fuscescens, Phalacrocorax, 90 fuscicollis, Phalacrocorax, 88 fuscipennis, Nothocercus, 14 fuscipennis, Tinamus, 13 fuscocaerulescens, Falco, 294

gabar, Falco, 226

gabar, Meliérax, 226 gaimardi, Pelecanus, 91 gaimardi, Phalacrocorax, 91 galapagensis, Anas, 167 galapagensis, Poecilonetta, 167 galapagoensis, Buteo, 232 galapagoensis, Oceanites, 69 galapagoensis, Polyborus, 232 galeata, Ardea, 129

galeata, Kuxenura, 129 galericulata, Anas, 171 galericulata, Dendronessa, 171 galliae, Accipiter, 219 gallicus, Circaétus, 270 gallicus, Falco, 270 gallinarum, Accipiter, 206 gallinarum, Astur, 206 gambelli, Anser, 147 gambensis, Anas, 145 gambensis, Plectropterus, 145 Gampsonyx, 281

garleppi, Crypturellus, 20 garleppi, Crypturus, 20 garleppi, Merganetta, 188 garleppi, Pterocnemia,5

garnotil, Pelecanoides, 75 garnotii, Priocella, 51 garnotii, Puffinuria, 75 Garrodia, 71

garzetta, Ardea, 110 garzetta, Egretta, 110 Gavia, 34

gavia, Procellaria, 57 Gaviidae, 34

Gaviiformes, 34

gentilis, Accipiter, 206 gentilis, Falco, 206

georgi, Cereopsis, 145 georgianus, Phalacrocorax, 92 georgica, Anas, 166 georgica, Pelecanoides, 76 georgicus, Pelecanoides, 75 Geranoaetus, 227 Geranospiza, 268 germanicus, Falco, 288 Geronticus, 133 ghiesbreghti, Buteo, 241 ghiesbreghti, Leucopternis, 241 gibberifrons, Anas, 163 gigantea, Ibis, 133 giganteus, Macronectes, 46 gigantea, Procellaria, 46 gigantea, Thaumatibis, 133 gigas, Podilymbus, 41 gilberti, Ardea, 98 gilvicollis, Micrastur, 278 gilvicollis, Sparvius, 278 ginginianus, Neophron, 263 ginginianus, Vultur, 263 girrenera, Haliaetus, 205 girrenera, Haliastur, 205 glacialis, Anas, 178 glacialis, Fulmarus, 47 glacialis, Procellaria, 47 godmani, Puffinus, 59 goisagi, Gorsachius, 117 goisagi, Nycticorax, 117 goldmani, Crypturellus, 21 goldmani, Crypturus, 21 goliath, Ardea, 98 goodfellowi, Casuarius, 7 Gorsachius, 117

gouldi, Astrelata, 61 gouldi, Ardetta, 123 gouldi, Circus, 267

gouldi, Dupetor, 123 gouldi, Pachyptila, 48

INDEX 323

gouldi, Prion, 48

gouldi, Pterodroma, 61 govinda, Milvus, 203 gracemeri, Phalacrocorax, 88 gracilis, Anas, 163

gracilis, Buteo, 237

gracilis, Falco, 268, 302, 305 gracilis, Geranospiza, 268 gracilis, Oceanites, 68 gracilis, Rupornis, 237 gracilis, Thalassidroma, 68 graculus, Phalacrocorax, 89 graecus, Astur, 210 grallaria, Fregetta, 70 grallaria, Procellaria, 70 grandis, Gypaétus, 263 granti, Accipiter, 219 granti, Sula, 84

grantianus, Neonectris, 56 graueri, Gymnogenys, 269 gravis, Procellaria, 55 gravis, Puffinus, 55

grayli, Ardea, 108

grayli, Ardeola, 108 grenadensis, Butorides, 104 grisea, Procellaria, 56 grisegena, Colymbus, 40 griseiceps, Accipiter, 217 griseiceps, Astur, 217 griseiventris, Crypturus, 17 griseiventris, Crypturellus, 17 griseus, Puffinus, 56 griseocauda, Buteo, 237 griseocauda, Rupornis, 237 griseogularis, Accipiter, 213 griseogularis, Astur, 213 gryphus, Vultur, 189 Guara, 137

guarauna, Plegadis, 138 guarauna, Scolopax, 138 guatemalensis, Cerchneis, 302 guatemalensis, Daptrius, 278 guatemalensis, Ibycter, 278 guerilla, Micrastur, 278 guianensis, Falco, 246 guianensis, Morphnus, 246 guianensis, Odontriorchis, 199 guineensis, Hagedashia, 134 gularis, Accipiter, 223 gularis, Ardea, 111

gularis, Astur, 223

gularis, Asturina, 239

324

gularis, Buteo, 239

gularis, Demigretta, 111 gunax, Puffinus, 60 gundlachi, Accipiter, 217 gundlachii, Buteogallus, 245 gundlachii, Hypomorphnus, 245 gunni, Dromiceius, 10 gurneyi, Aquila, 250 gurneyi, Aviceda, 197 gurneyi, Baza, 197

gurneyi, Colymbus, 39 gurneyi, Proctopus, 39 gurneyi, Spizaétus, 250 guttata, Dendrocygna, 154 guttatus, Sparvius, 218 guttatus, Tinamus, 14 guttifer, Accipiter, 218 guttulata, Dendrocygna, 154 Gymnogenys, 268 Gymnogyps, 191

Gypaétus, 263

Gypohierax, 263

Gyps, 261

haastii, Apteryx, 12 Haematornis, 270 haesitandus, Spilospizias, 210 hesitata, Accipiter, 224 hesitata, Procellaria, 51 hagenbecki, Casuarius, 9 hagedash, Hagedashia, 135 hagedash, Tantalus, 135 Hagedashia, 134 hakodate, Puffinus, 54 Halizetus, 257

halizetus, Falco, 275 halizetus, Pandion, 275 Haliétor, 93

Haliastur, 204

halli, Aptenodytes, 30 halli, Macronectes, 46 Halobzena, 47 Halocyptena, 75

hamatus, Falco, 202 hamatus, Helicolestes, 202 hamiltoni, Anseranas, 145 hamiltoni, Casuarius, 6 hamiltoni, Puffinus, 55 Hamirostra, 204

hanedae, Phalacrocarax, 87 hanieli, Falco, 293 haplochrous, Accipiter, 215

INDEX

haringtoni, Anas, 160 haringtoni, Polionetta, 160 harlani, Buteo, 232 harlani, Faleo, 232

Harpa, 287

Harpagus, 200

Harpe, 287

Harpia, 246

Harpiprion, 135 Harpyhalietus, 245 harpyja, Harpia, 246 harpyja, Vultur, 246 Harpyopsis, 247

harrisi, Buteo, 240

harrisi, Nannopterum, 94 harrisi, Parabuteo, 240 harrisi, Phalacrocorax, 94 harterti, Buteo, 234 harterti, Circus, 266 harterti, Crypturellus, 18 harterti, Crypturus, 18 harterti, Falco, 288 harterti, Milvus, 202 harterti, Thalassogeron, 45 hartlaubi, Nisus, 222 hartlaubii, Pteronetta, 172 hartlaubii, Querquedula, 172 hasitata, Procellaria, 61 hasitata, Pterodroma, 61 hastata, Aquila, 256 hastatus, Morphnus, 256 hecki, Casuarius, 7 heinrothi, Puffinus, 57 heliaca, Aquila, 254 Helicolestes, 202 heliosylus, Ardea, 118 heliosylus, Zonerodius, 118 hellmayri, Accipiter, 215 hellmayri, Crypturellus, 22 hellmayri, Crypturus, 22 helva, Dendrocygna, 153 Hemigarzetta, 111 hemilasius, Buteo, 230 Hemipuffinus, 53 Hemisula, 83 henicogrammus, Accipiter, 215 henicogrammus, Astur, 215 Henicopernis, 198

henstii, Accipiter, 208 henstii, Astur, 208 heraldica, Aistrelata, 63 heraldica, Pterodroma, 63

herodias, Ardea, 99 Herpetotheres, 276 Herpetotherinae, 276 hesperis, Ixobrychus, 122 Hesperornithidae, 3 Hesperornithiformes, 3 Heterocnus, 119 Heteronetta, 172 Heteroprion, 48 Heterospizias, 226 hibernicus, Accipiter, 219 Hieraaétus, 251

Hierofalco, 284

hilgerti, Accipiter, 225

hilli, Nycticorax, 115 himalayensis, Gyps, 261 hiogaster, Accipiter, 213 hiogaster, Falco, 213 Histrionicus, 178 histrionica, Anas, 178 histrionicus, Histrionicus, 178 hoactli, Ardea, 114.

hoactli, Nycticorax, 114 hoffmannsi, Crypturellus, 18 hoffmannsi, Crypturus, 18 holbéllii, Colymbus, 40 holbéllui, Podiceps, 40 holmbergianus, Micraétus, 199 holospilus, Buteo, 274 holospilus, Spilornis, 274 homeyeri, Aquila, 253 homochroa, Cymochorea, 74 homochroa, Oceanodroma, 74 homopterus, Polihierax, 282 Horizonetta, 158

hornbyi, Oceanodroma, 74 hornbyi, Thalassidroma, 74 horsbrughi, Falco, 297 howei, Pelagodroma, 69 howensis, Puffinus, 58 hoya, Spilornis, 272

hrota, Anas, 149

hrota, Branta, 149 hudsonius, Circus, 265 hudsonius, Falco, 265

hulli, Neonectris, 56 hullianus, Puffinus, 55 humbloti, Ardea, 98 humbloti, Circus, 267 humboldti, Spheniscus, 33 hutchinsii, Anser, 150 hutchinsii, Branta, 160

INDEX

huttoni, Phalacrocorax, 91 huttoni, Phoebetria, 46 huttoni, Pseudoprion, 50 huttoni, Puffinus, 57 hybrida, Anas, 152 hybrida, Chloéphaga, 152 Hydranassa, 113 Hydrobates, 72 Hydrobatidae, 68 hyemalis, Anas, 178 hyemalis, Clangula, 178 Hymenolaimus, 183 hyperboreus, Anser, 146 hyperborea, Chen, 146 hyperonca, Ardea, 99 hypernotius, Butorides, 104 hypoleucus, Elanus, 193 hypoleucos, Falco, 294 hypoleuca, Cstrelata, 66 hypoleuca, Pelagodroma, 69 hypoleuca, Pterodroma, 66 hypoleuca, Thalassidroma, 69 Hypomorphnus, 244 hypospodius, Buteo, 228

Ibis, 126

ibis, Ardea, 108

ibis, Bubulcus, 108

ibis, Ibis, 127

ibis, Tantalus, 127 icasopterus, Butorides, 106 ichthyztus, Falco, 259 ichthyzetus, Ichyophaga, 259 Ichthyornithidae, 3 Ichthyornithiformes, 3 Icthyophaga, 259

Iectinia, 201

Ictinaétus, 256

Ictiniastur, 204

idae, Ardea, 108

idae, Ardeola, 108 idoneus, Crypturellus, 21 idoneus, Crypturus, 21 Teracidea, 305

ignoscens, Meliérax, 226 imber, Colymbus, 34 imitator, Accipiter, 214 immaculata, Egretta, 111 immaculata, Herodias, 111 immer, Colymbus, 35 immer, Gavia, 35 immutabilis, Diomedea, 43

325

326

impavida, Thalassarche, 43 imperialis, Ardea, 98 incerta, Procellaria, 62 incerta, Pterodroma, 62 indiana, Spatula, 169 indica, Anas, 148

indicus, Butastur, 243 indica, Eulabeia, 148 indicus, Falco, 243

indicus, Gyps, 261

indicus, Phaéthon, 78 indicus, Phaeton, 78 indicus, Phalacrocorax, 87 indicus, Vultur, 261

indus, Falco, 205

indus, Haliastur, 205 inexpectatus, Circus, 267 inexpectata, Procellaria, 63 inexpectata, Pterodroma, 63 inexpectatus, Tinamus, 13 infaustus, Nycticorax, 114 infuscatus, Colymbus, 39 infuscata, Henicopernis, 198 infuscata, Ibis, 137 infuscatus, Phimosus, 137 infuscatus, Podiceps, 39 ingoufi, Tinamotis, 29 innotata, Nyroca, 175 ~ innominatus, Fregettornis, 70 inops, Crypturellus, 23 inornatus, Crypturellus, 21 inornatus, Crypturus, 21 insidiatrix, Buteo, 238 insidiatrix, Rupornis, 238 insignis, A‘salon, 295 insignis, Ardea, 98 insignis, Falco, 295 insignis, Neohierax, 284 insignis, Polihierax, 284 insularis, Astur, 211, 216 insularum, Buteo, 234 insularis, Cathartes, 190 insularis, Fregetta, 70 insularis, Fregettornis, 70 insularis, Thalassornis, 183 insulicola, Buteo, 237 intensus, Casuarius, 7 intercedens, Nothocercus, 15 interjectus, Eudyptes, 31 intermedius, Accipiter, 222 intermedia, Ardea, 112 intermedius, Buteo, 235

INDEX

intermedius, Calopezus, 28 intermedius, Casuarius, 7 intermedia, Cerchneis, 304 intermedius, Eudromia, 28 intermedius, Falco, 304 intermedius, Haliastur, 205 intermedia, Mesophoyx, 112 intermedia, Platalea, 140 intermedius, Puffinus, 56 intermedia, Rhea, 4 interstes, Micrastur, 278 interstinctus, Falco, 299 involucris, Ardea, 122 involucris, Ixobrychus, 122 lowensis, Buteo, 236 iraquensis, Podiceps, 36 iraquensis, Poliocephalus, 36 iredalei, Eudyptula, 32 iredalei, Fregata, 97 iredali, Puffinus, 55 irkutensis, Hypotriorchis, 291 irrorata, Diomedea, 43 isabellinus, Falco, 303 isidori, Falco, 247

isidori, Oroaétus, 247 islandica, Anas, 177 islandica, Bucephala, 177 islandicus, Cygnus, 143 islandus, Falco, 286

isura, Lophoictinia, 204 isurus, Milvus, 204 Ixobrychus, 120

Jabiru, 130

jakutensis, Hypotriorchis, 291 jamaicensis, Anas, 184 jamaicensis, Buteo, 231 jamaicensis, Falco, 231 jamaicensis, Oxyura, 184 jamaicensis, Procellaria, 62 jamesi, Phoenicoparrus, 142 jamesi, Phcenicopterus, 142 jamrachi, Casuarius, 9 jankowskii, Cygnus, 143 januaria, Fregata, 97 japonensis, Falco, 299 japonica, Aquila, 254 japonicus, Buteo, 235 japonicus, Falco, 235, 299 japonicus, Pernis, 198 japonicus, Podiceps, 36 japonicus, Poliocephalus, 36

INDEX 327

javana, Icthyophaga, 259 kleei, Crypturus, 12 javanica, Anas, 153 kleei, Tinamus, 12 javanica, Ardea, 106 klossi, Accipiter, 211 javanicus, Butorides, 106 klossi, Astur, 211 javanica, Ciconia, 131 klossi, Spilornis, 273 javanica, Dendrocygna, 153 knudseni, Puffinus, 56 javanicus, Leptoptilos, 131 korejevi, Podiceps, 38 jerdoni, Aviceda, 195 kreyenborgi, Falco, 290 jerdoni, Pernis, 195 kriderii, Buteo, 231 jefferyi, Pithecophaga, 247 kuhli, Leucopternis, 242 johannae, Ardea, 99 kunikyonis, Poliocephalus, 36 johannae, Haliastur, 205 kutteri, Butio, 117 johnsonii, Casuarius, 6 kutteri, Gorsachius, 117 jonesi, Gyps, 262 jota, Cathartes, 191 labradoria, Anas, 182 jota, Vultur, 191 labradorius, Camptorhynchus, 182 jouyi, Ardea, 99 lacernulatus, Faleo, 242 jubata, Anas, 152 lacernulata, Leucopternis, 242 jubatus, Anser, 154 lacteus, Tantalus, 127 jubata, Chenonetta, 152 lagopus, Buteo, 236 jubata, Neochen, 154 lagopus, Falco, 236 jugger, Falco, 286 lamelligerus, Anastomus, 127 jugurtha, Falco, 292 Lampribis, 133 julius, Nothocercus, 15 lanceolatus, Spizaétus, 249 julius, Tinamus, 15 landbecki, Pelecanus, 81 juninensis, Colymbus, 38 lanzaroteae, Buteo, 234 juninensis, Podiceps, 38 lateralis, Casuarius, 6 latifrons, Microhierax, 283 kaedingi, Oceanodroma, 73 latifrons, Tinamus, 13 kalinowskii, Nothoprocta, 24 lawryi, Apteryx, 11 kamtschatica, Aquila, 254 layardi, Thalassogeron, 44 katherine, Erythrotriorchis, 225 laysanensis, Anas, 159 Kaupifalco, 243 laysani, Puffinus, 55 kelaarti, Spizaétus, 249 lentiginosa, Ardea, 124 kelsalli, Oceanodroma, 72 lentiginosus, Botaurus, 124 kelsalli, Thalassidroma, 72 leone, Gampsonyx, 281 kempi, Egretta, 111 lepida, Ardea, 121 kempi, Gymnogenys, 269 lepidus, Ixobrychus, 121 kempi, Ieracidea, 306 Leptopelicanus, 81 kempi, Lophastur, 197 Leptophethon, 77 kempi, Puffinus, 58 Leptoptilos, 130 kermadecensis, Puffinus, 58 Leptotarsis, 152 kerriz, Crypturellus, 20 Leptotarsus, 152 kerriz, Crypturus, 20 Lepturus, 77 keysseri, Casuarius, 8 lepturus, Phaéthon, 78 keyteli, Pachyptila, 49 lepturus, Phaéton, 78 keyteli, Prion, 49 lessonii, Ardea, 100 khamensis, Accipiter, 208 lessonii, Procellaria, 61 khamensis, Astur, 208 lessonii, Pterodroma, 61 kienerii, Astur, 252 lessoni, Puffinuria, 75 kienerii, Hieraaétus, 252 lesueuri, Stictonetta, 157

kinabaluensis, Spilornis, 273 leucocephala, Anas, 184

328

leucocephalus, Falco, 258 leucocephalus, Halizetus, 258 leucocephalus, Ibis, 127 leucocephala, Oxyura, 184 leucocephalus, Tantalus, 127 leucogaster, Cuncuma, 257 leucogaster, Falco, 257 leucogaster, Halizetus, 257 leucogaster, Pelecanus, 84 leucogaster, Sula, 54 leucogaster, Thalassidroma, 69 leucogenis, Anas, 188 leucogenis, Merganetta, 188 leucolaema, Tigribaphe, 119 leucolopha, Tigriornis, 118 leucolopha, Tigrisoma, 118 leucomelas, Procellaria, 53 leucomelas, Puffinus, 53 leuconotus, Ardea, 116 leuconotus, Calherodius, 116 leuconotus, Thalassornis, 183 leucopareus, Anas, 163 leucopareus, Polionetta, 163 leucophaea, Ardea, 99 Leucophoyx, 113 leucophrys, Anas, 165 leucopias, Aviceda, 196 leucopias, Baza, 196 leucopsis, Anas, 150 leucopsis, Branta, 150 leucoptera, Anas, 151 leucoptera, Chloéphaga, 151 leucoptera, Procellaria, 66 leucoptera, Pterodroma, 66 Leucopternis, 241 leucopygus, Cymindis, 201 leucorrhous, Buteo, 239 leucorrhous, Falco, 239 leucorhoa, Oceanodroma, 73 leucorhoa, Procellaria, 73 leucorodia, Platalea, 139 leucorypha, Aquila, 258 leucoryphus, Halizetus, 258 leucosomus, Accipiter, 213 leucosomus, Astur, 213 leucosternus, Haliaeétus, 205 leucostigma, Anas, 162 leucurus, Elanus, 193 leucurus, Milvus, 193 leuphotes, Aviceda, 197 leuphotes, Falco, 197 lherminieri, Puffinus, 59

INDEX

limatus, Phaéthon, 77 Limnaétops, 248 Limnaétus, 248 Limnetus, 248 limnzetus, Falco, 249 limneetus, Spizaétus, 249

‘lineata, Ardea, 118

lineatus, Buteo, 233 lineatus, Falco, 233 lineata, Fregetta, 70 lineatus, Halizetus, 203 lineatus, Milvus, 203 lineata, Thalassidroma, 70 lineatum, Tigrisoma, 118 listeri, Fregata, 96 littleri, Butorides, 106 livens, Geranospiza, 268 liventer, Butastur, 243 liventer, Falco, 243 lobata, Anas, 185

lobata, Biziura, 185 lodygini, Accipiter, 220 longicauda, Astur, 198 longitauda, Falco, 198 longicauda, Henicopernis, 198 longipennis, Falco, 293 longipes, Procellaria, 71 longirostris, Aistrelata, 66 longirostris, Guara, 137 longirostris, Pterodroma, 66 lopezi, Accipiter, 210 lopezi, Astur, 210 Lophaétus, 250 Lophastur, 195 Lophodytes, 186 Lophoictinia, 204 Lophonetta, 158 Lophotibis, 138

lophotus, Anser, 152 loquacula, Cerchneis, 303 loquaculus, Falco, 303 lorenzi, Hierofalco, 286 loriae, Casuarius, 8

lowei, Fregata, 96 lucianus, Butorides, 103 lucidus, Halieus, 88 lucidus, Phalacrocorax, 88 ludoviciana, Ardea, 113 lugens, Procellaria, 63 lugubris, Phalacrocorax, 87 luteola, Ardetta, 121 luteolus, Ixobrychus, 121

luteoschistaceus, Accipiter, 218 lutosus, Polyborus, 281 luzonica, Anas, 160

lymani, Falco, 295

maccoa, Erismatura, 184 maccoa, Oxyura, 184 macconnelli, Crypturellus, 16 macconnelli, Crypturus, 16 macgillivrayi, Bulweria, 68 macgillivrayi, Pachyptila, 49 macgillivrayi, Prion, 49 macgillivrayi, Thalassidroma, 68 Machaerhamphus, 194 mackayi, Astur, 216

mackayi, Cheniscus, 171 macquariensis, Heteroprion, 49 macrocelides, Accipiter, 209 macrocelides, Astur, 209 macrodactyla, Oceanodroma, 73 Macronectes, 46

macroptera, Procellaria, 61 macroptera, Pterodroma, 61 macropus, Busarellus, 245 macropus, Falco, 290 macrorhyncha, Ardetta, 106 macrorhynchus, Butorides, 106 macrorhyncus, Buteo, 229 macrosceles, Circus, 267 macrourus, Accipiter, 265 macrourus, Astur, 227 macrourus, Circus, 265 macrourus, Urotriorchis, 227 macrurus, Thalassaétus, 258 maculatus, Butorides, 103 maculata, Cancroma, 103 maculatus, Casuarius, 8 maculicollis, Rhynchotus, 24 maculosa, Anas, 161

maculosa, Nothura, 27 maculosus, Tinamus, 27 madagascariensis, Accipiter, 221 madagascariensis, Anas, 172

madagascariensis, Anastomus, 127

madagascariensis, Ardea, 101 madagascariensis, Aviceda, 195 madagascariensis, Pernis, 195 maestus, Herpetotheres, 276 magellani, Pelecanoides, 76 magellani, Puffinuria, 76 magellanica, Anas, 151 magellanicus, Aptenodytes, 33

INDEX

magellanicus, Pelecanus, 90 magellanicus, Phalacrocorax, 90 magellanicus, Spheniscus, 33 magentae, Aestrelata, 64 magentae, Pterodroma, 64 magnificens, Fregata, 95 magnificus, Nycticorax, 116 magnifica, Oroanassa, 116 magniplumis, Buteo, 239 magniplumis, Potamolegus, 239 magnirostris, Aviceda, 196 magnirostris, Buteo, 238 magnirostris, Falco, 238 magnirostris, Hyptiopus, 196 magnus, Gampsonyx, 282 maguari, Ardea, 129 maillardi, Circus, 267

maior, Puffinus, 53

major, Aechmophorus, 40 major, Colymbus, 40

major, Mergus, 187

major, Nycticorax, 115 major, Platalea, 139

major, Tetrao, 13

major, Tinamus, 13, 14 majusculus, Elanus, 193 Maiacorhynchus, 170 malacorhynchos, Anas, 183

329

malacorhynchos, Hymenolaimus, 183

malayensis, Falco, 257 malayensis, Ictinaétus, 257 malayensis, Spilornis, 271 malvinarum, Chloéphaga, 152 mandibularis, Nycticorax, 115 manehi, Accipiter, 208 manillensis, Accipiter, 223

manilensis, Ardea, 101

manillensis, Nycticorax, 115 mantelli, Apteryx, 11 maorianus, Botaurus, 124 maorianus, Casmerodius, 110 maoriana, Herodias, 110 maoriana, Pelagodroma, 69 Mareca, 167

margaritensis, Cerchneis, 304 margaritensis, Falco, 304 margaritophilus, Butorides, 104 marginatus, Accipiter, 207 marginatus, Falco, 207 mariae, Puffinus, 54

marila, Anas, 176

marila, Nyroca, 176

330 INDEX

mariloides, Fuligula, 176 mariloides, Nyroca, 176 marina, Pelagodroma, 69 marina, Procellaria, 69 markhami, Cymochorea, 73 markhami, Oceanodroma, 73 marmorata, Ardea, 119 marmoratum, Tigrisoma, 119 maroccanus, Phalacrocorax, 87 masafuerae, Pterodroma, 66 massaicus, Struthio, 4 mathewsi, Anas, 163 mathewsz, Ardea, 98 mathewsi, Diomedea, 45 mathewsi, Fregata, 96 matsudariz, Oceanodroma, 74 mattingleyi, Heteroprion, 49 mattingleyi, Pachyptila, 49 mauretanicus, Puffinus, 57 maurus, Circus, 266

maurus, Falco, 266

maxima, Asturina, 240 mcecormicki, Diomedea, 42 mechowi, Meliérax, 226 Megacerchneis, 298 Megadyptes, 32

megala, Aviceda, 197

megala, Baza, 197 megaloptera, Aquila, 280 megalopterus, Phalcobcenus, 280 megarhynchus, Chondrohierax, 200 megarhynchus, Regerhinus, 200 melaena, Ardetta, 123 Melananas, 158

melancoripha, Anas, 144 melancoriphus, Cygnus, 144 Melaneatus, 269

melania, Oceanodroma, 74 melania, Procellaria, 74 Melanitta, 181

melanocephala, Anas, 172 melanocephala, Ardea, 98 melanocephalus, Tantalus, 131 melanocephala, Threskiornis, 131 melanochlamys, Accipiter, 218 melanochlamys, Urospizias, 218 Melanocircus, 264 melanogaster, Anhinga, 94 melanogaster, Fregetta, 70 melanogaster, Thalassidroma, 70 melanogyne, Hypotriorchis, 291 melanoleucus, Accipiter, 209

melanoleuca, Anas, 144 melanoleucus, Buteo, 247 melanoleucus, Circus, 266 melanoleucus, Falco, 266 melanoleucus, Geranoaetus, 227 melanoleucos, Haliétor, 93 melanoleucos, Hydrocorax, 93 melanoleucos, Ierax, 283 melanoleucos, Microhierax, 283 melanoleucus, Spizaetus, 227 melanoleucus, Spizastur, 247 melanolopha, Ardea, 117 melanolophus, Gorsachius, 117 Melanonyx, 146 Melanophoyx, 109 melanophris, Diomedea, 43 melanopus, Procellaria, 63 melanopis, Tantalus, 136 melanopis, Theristicus, 136 melanops, Falco, 242 ; melanops, Leucopternis, 242 melanops, Sula, 84 melanopterus, Anser, 151 melanoptera, Chloéphaga, 151 melanorhynchos, Ardea, 110 melanorhynchos, Casmerodius, 110 melanorhynchos, Phaéthon, 78 melanorhynchos, Phaéton, 78 melanoschistus, Accipiter, 220 melanosternus, Buteo, 229 melanosternon, Buteo, 204 melanosternon, Hamirostra, 204, 229 melanostethus, Buteo, 229 melanotos, Anser, 155 melanotos, Botaurus, 124 melanotus, Botaurus, 124 melanotus, Falco, 293 melanotis, Puffinus, 57 melanota, Sarkidiornis, 155 melaschistos, Accipiter, 220 Meliérax, 225

melleri, Anas, 160

melli, Baza, 197

melvillensis, Ardeiralla, 124 melvillensis, Buteo, 275 melvillensis, Carbo, 93 melvillensis, Haliétor, 93 melvillensis, Ieracidea, 306 membranacea, Anas, 170 membranaceus, Malacorhynchus, 170 mendiculus, Spheniscus, 33 mendozensis, Nothura, 27

menegauxi, Phalacrocorax, 93 menetriesi, Buteo, 235 menziesi, Biziura, 185 Merganetta, 188 Merganettinae, 188 merganser, Mergus, 186 Mergellus, 185

Merginae, 185

Mergus, 186

meridensis, Gampsonyx, 281 meridensis, Geranosztus, 227 merid, Kaupifalco, 243 merid, Micronisus, 243 meridionalis, Cathartes, 191 meridionalis, Falco, 226 meridionalis, Gypaétus, 264 meridionalis, Heterospizias, 226 meridionalis, Microhierax, 283 mesatus, Butorides, 104 Mesembrinibis, 136 meserythrus, Crypturellus, 17 meserythrus, Tinamus, 17 Mesocarbo, 85

mesonauta, Phaéthon, 77 Mesophoyx, 112

metabates, Meliérax, 226 Metapelecanus, 79 Metopiana, 173

mexicanus, Carbo, 86 mexicanus, Crypturellus, 21 mexicanus, Crypturus, 21 mexicanus, Falco, 286 mexicanus, Odontriorchis, 199 mexicanus, Phalacrocorax, 86 meyerianus, Accipiter, 208 meyerianus, Astur, 208 Micraétus, 199

Micraetus, 253

Micrastur, 276

microbalia, Cerchneis, 301 Microcrypturus, 15 microhaliaétus, Pandion, 275 Microhierax, 282

Micronetta, 158 micropterum, Centropelma, 40 micropterus, Podiceps, 40 microscelis, Ciconia, 128 microscelis, Dissoura, 128 microsoma, Halocyptena, 75 Microzalias, 53

micrus, Asturina, 240 middendorffi, Anser, 147

INDEX 331

migrans, Falco, 202 migrans, Milvus, 202 milligani, Cerchneis, 301 Milvago, 279

Milvinae, 200

milvipes, Falco, 285 Milvus, 202

milvus, Falco, 202

milvus, Milvus, 202 minahassae, Nycticorax, 115 minima, Branta, 150 minimus, Buteo, 239 minimus, Spilornis, 273 minnie, Notofalco, 287 minor, Aptenodytes, 32 minor, Asturina, 241 minor, Dromaeus, 10 minor, Eudyptula, 32 minor, Falco, 290

minor, Fregata, 96

minor, Gorsachius, 117 minor, Hieraaetus, 252 minor, Nothura, 27

minor, Pelecanus, 96 minor, Phoeniconaias, 141 minor, Phoenicopterus, 141 minor, Platalea, 139 minor, Puffinus, 60

minor, Tinamus, 27 minullus, Accipiter, 222 minullus, Faleo, 222 minuta, Ardea, 120 minutus, Ixobrychus, 120 minutus, Tinnunculus, 298 mirandollei, Astur, 277 mirandollei, Micrastur, 277 misisippiensis, Falco, 201 misisippiensis, Ictinia, 201 misoriensis, Accipiter, 213 misoriensis, Urospizias, 213 missus, Neonectris, 56 missus, Pachyptila, 48 missus, Prion, 48

mitratus, Casuarius, 8 mixta, Procellaria, 52 modesta, Ardea, 110 modestus, Casmerodius, 110 modestus, Crypturellus, 17 modestus, Crypturus, 17 modestus, Spheniscus, 33 meestissima, Fregetta, 71 meestissima, Nesofregetta, 71

332

mollis, Procellaria, 64 mollis, Pterodroma, 64 mollissima, Anas, 179 mollissima, Somateria, 179 molucea, Ibis, 132

moluceca, Threskiornis, 132 moluccarum, Butorides, 106 moluccensis, Falco, 300 moluccensis, Tinnunculus, 300 Molybdophanes, 135 molybdophanes, Struthio, 4 monachus, Aegypius, 260 monachus, Cathartes, 262 monachus, Necrosyrtes, 262 monachus, Vultur, 260 monogrammicus, Falco, 243 monogrammicus, Kaupifalco, 243 monorhis, Oceanodroma, 74 monorhis, Thalassidroma, 74 montaguel, Puffinus, 58 montaguel, Reinholdia, 58 montana, Hamirostra, 204 montana, Oestrelata, 63 montanus, Phalecobcenus, 279 moorei, Ixobrychus, 121 morelii, Nisuoides, 216 morenoi, Calopezus, 28 morenoi, Kudromia, 28 Morphnarchus, 241 morphnoides, Aquila, 252 morphnoides, Hieraaétus, 252 Morphnus, 244, 246 mortoni, Dissoura, 128 mortyi, Accipiter, 213 Morum, 82

Morus, 82

moschata, Anas, 155 moschata, Cairina, 155 moscoviae, Accipiter, 207 moscoviae, Astur, 207 mosleyi, Eudyptes, 31 multicolor, Casuarius, 8 munna, Dendrocygna, 154 munda, Nectris, 59

munda, Puffinus, 59 murchisonianus, Falco, 293 murina, Aquila, 255 murphyi, Halobaena, 48 murphyi, Phoebetria 46 musicus, Falco, 225 musicus, Meliérax, 225 mustelinus, Crypturellus, 18

INDEX

mustelinus, Crypturus, 18 Mycteria, 126

mycteria, Ciconia, 130 mycteria, Jabiru, 130 Mycteriinae, 126

Myola, 97

nzevosa, Anas, 156 nexvosa, Stictonetta, 156 nanus, Ichthyidetus, 259 nana, Icthyophaga, 259 nanus, Taoniscus, 28 nanus, Tinamus, 28 Nannocnus, 123 Nannopterum, 94 napieri, Milvus, 203 naso, Carnifex, 277 naso, Micrastur, 277 natalis, Accipiter, 215 natalis, Urospizias, 215 nationi, Fuligula, 175 nativitatis, Puffinus, 57 nattereri, Asturina, 238 nattereri, Buteo, 238 naumanni, Falco, 298 Nealbatrus, 41 nearctica, Aythya, 176 nearctica, Nyroca, 176 nebouxil, Sula, 83 Necrosyrtes, 262 neglectus, Anser, 148 neglecta, Dissoura, 128 neglecta, Egretta, 110 neglectus, Falco, 300 neglectus, Graculus, 88 neglectus, Phalacrocorax, 88 neglecta, Procellaria, 63 Neochen, 154 Neognathae, 29 Neohierax, 283 Neonectris, 53 Neonisus, 206 Neopelecanus, 79 Neophron, 263 Neornithes, 3 neozealanicus, Puffinus, 54 nereis, Garrodia, 71 nereis, Thalassidroma, 71 Nesierax, 287

nesiotes, Sula, 85 Nesobaza, 195 Nesochen, 151

Nesofregetta, 71 Nesonetta, 158

nesophilus, Ardeirallus, 123 nesophilus, Dupetor, 123 Netta, 173

Nettapus, 172

Nettion, 158, 159 neumanni, Meliérax, 226 newelli, Puffinus, 58 newtoni, Falco, 302 newtoni, Tinnunculus, 302 n. hollandiz, Casuarius, 10 n. hollandisxe, Cereopsis, 145 n. hollandix, Dromiceius, 10 nicolli, Fregata, 97

nigra, Anas, 180

nigra, Ardea, 129

nigra, Ciconia, 129

nigra, Geranospiza, 268 niger, Halizetus, 259 niger, Haliétor, 93

niger, Hydrocorax, 93 niger, Ischnosceles, 268 nigra, Oidemia, 180

niger, Plectropterus, 145 niger, Rostrhamus, 201 nigra, Rupornis, 239

niger, Vultur, 260 nigricans, Anser, 149 nigricans, Branta, 149 nigriceps, Crypturellus, 18 nigriceps, Crypturus, 18 nigricollis, Busarellus, 245 nigricollis, Colymbus, 39 nigricollis, Falco, 245 nigricollis, Podiceps, 39 nigripennis, (Hstrelata, 65 nigripennis, Pterodroma, 65 nigripes, Ardea, 111 nigripes, Diomedea, 43 nigripes, Egretta, 111 nigrocapillus, Nothocercus, 14 nigrocapillus, Tinamus, 14

nigrogularis, Phalacrocorax, 88

nigroguttata, Nathura, 27 nigroplumbeus, Accipiter, 221 nilotica, Hagedashia, 135 nipalensis, Aquila, 255 nipalensis, Circaétus, 255 nipalensis, Nisaétus, 249 nipalensis, Spizaétus, 249 nippon, Ibis, 133

INDEX 333

nippon, Nipponia, 133 Nipponia, 133

nisoides, Accipiter, 223 nisosimilis, Accipiter, 220 nisosimilis, Falco, 220

nisus, Accipiter, 219

nisus, Falco, 219

nisus, Halizwetus, 257

nitida, Asturina, 241

nitidus, Falco, 241

nivea, Pagodroma, 67

nivea, Procellaria, 67 noctivagus, Crypturellus, 22 noctivagus, Tinamus, 22 Nomonyx, 183

normani, Tonophoyx, 102 notatus, Elanus, 193 Nothocercus, 14

Nothoprocta, 24

Nothura, 26

Notofaleo, 287

Notonetta, 158

Notophoyx, 102

nova, Pseudoprion, 50 novaeguineae, Harpyopsis, 247 novaeguineae, Hieracidea, 305 novaeguineae, Ieracidea, 305 novehollandiz, Accipiter, 214 novaehollandiae, Anhinga, 95 novaehollandiae, Ardea, 102 novaehollandiae, Biziura, 185 noveehollandiz, Cereopsis, 145 novehollandie, Eudyptula, 32 noveehollandiz, Faleo, 214 noveehollandiz, Notophoyx, 102 novaehollandiae, Phaéthon, 78 novehollandix, Phalacrocorax, 88 novae hollandiae, Plotus, 95 novaehollandiae, Podiceps, 36 novaehollandiae, Poliocephalus, 36 novehollandiz, Spheniscus, 32 noveeseelandie, Anas, 175 noveseelandize, Falco, 287 noveeseelandiae, Nyroca, 175 nove zelandie, Ardeola, 121 noveezelandie, Ixobrychus, 121 novegeorgica, Pagodroma, 67 novimexicana, Anas, 161 nubicus, Torgos, 260

nubicus, Vultur, 260

nudiceps, Gyps, 262 nudifrons, Ibis, 137

334

nudifrons, Phimosus, 137 nugax, Procellaria, 60 nugax, Puffinus, 60 nutcheri, Neonectris, 56 nyansae, Astur, 209 Nyctanassa, 116 Nycticorax, 114 nycticorax, Ardea, 114 nycticorax, Nycticorax, 114 Nyroca, 173

nyroca, Anas, 175 nyroca, Nyroca, 175 Nyrocinae, 173

oatesi, Anser, 147

obiensis, Accipiter, 212 obiensis, Astur, 212 objurgatus, Cerchneis, 299 objurgatus, Falco, 299 obscura, Anas, 161

obscurus, Falco, 297 obscurior, Aquila, 253 obscurior, Astur, 211 obsoletus, Accipiter, 212 obsoletus, Astur, 212 obsoletus, Crypturellus, 17 obsoletus, Falco, 287 obsoletus, Tinamus, 17 occidentalis, Aechmophorus, 40 occidentalis, Ardea, 100 occidentalis, Bernicla, 150 occidentalis, Branta, 150 occidentalis, Crypturellus, 21 occidentalis, Crypturus, 21 occidentalis, Falco, 301 occidentalis, Hydranassa, 113 occidentalis, Ieracidea, 306 occidentalis, Leucopternis, 242 occidentalis, Pelecanus, 81 occidentalis, Podiceps, 40 occidentalis, Tinnunculus, 301 occidentalis, Urubitinga, 244 occiduus, Buteo, 238

occidua, Rupornis, 238 occipitalis, Casuarius, 9 occipitalis, Cathartes, 191 occipitalis, Colymbus, 38 occipitalis, Falco, 250 occipitalis, Lophaétus, 250 occipitalis, Podiceps, 38 occipitalis, Trigonoceps, 260 occipitalis, Vultur, 260

INDEX

oceanica, Cuncuma, 258 oceanica, Oceanites, 68 oceanica, Procellaria, 68 Oceanites, 68 Oceanodroma, 72, 74 ochracea, Cerchneis, 304 ochraceus, Falco, 304 ochraceiventris, Crypturellus, 17 ochraceiventris, Crypturus, 17 ochrocephalus, Milvago, 279 octosetaceus, Mergus, 188 Odontognathae, 3 Odontopteryges, 97 Odontopterygidae, 97 Odontriorchis, 199 Oestrelatella, 60

Oidemia, 180

oligista, Ardea, 100 olivacea, Ibis, 134

olivacea, Lampribis, 134 olivaceus, Pelecanus, 86 olivaceus, Phalacrocorax, 86 olivei, Ardeiralla, 124 oliveri, Aistrelata, 64 oliveri, Phalacrocorax, 92 oliveri, Pterodroma, 64 olor, Anas, 144

olor, Cygnus, 144 : onocrotalus, Pelecanus, 79, 80 onslowi, Phalacrocorax, 91 opisthomelas, Puffinus, 58 Oreoibis, 133

oreophilus, Buteo, 234 orientalis, Aquila, 255 orientalis, Botaurus, 124 orientalis, Cerchneis, 300 orientalis, Mergus, 187 orientalis, Pernis, 198 orientalis, Pterodroma, 65 orientalis, Spizaétus, 248 orientalis, Tinnunculus, 300 orienticola, Astur, 209 orinomus, Anas, 162 orinomus, Querquedula, 162 ornata, Nothoprocta, 25 ornatus, Falco, 248

ornatus, Rhynchotus, 25 ornatus, Spizaétus, 248 Oroaétus, 247

Oroanassa, 116

oscitans, Anastomus, 127 oscitans, Ardea, 127

Ossifraga, 46

oustaleti, Anas, 159 oustaleti, Nothoprocta, 25 ovampensis, Accipiter, 224 ovivorus, Ictinaétus, 256 owenii, Apteryx, 11 owstoni, Cymochorea, 74 owstoni, Oceanodroma, 74 oxycerea, Cercibis, 136 oxycercus, Ibis, 136 oxyptera, Anas, 166 Oxyura, 184

Oxyurinae, 183

Pachyptila, 48 pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes, 31 Pacificodroma, 72 pacificus, Aesalon, 295 pacifica, Ardea, 101 pacifica, Bulweria, 68 pacificus, Colymbus, 34 pacificus, Falco, 295 pacifica, Gavia, 34 pacificus, Histrionicus, 178 pacifica, Procellaria, 55 pacificus, Puffinus, 55 Pagodroma, 67 Palaeognathae, 3 palawanensis, Spilornis, 273 pallens, Accipiter, 220 pallescens, Rhynchotus, 24 palliatus, Falco, 199 palliatus, Odontriorchis, 199 pallidiceps, Accipiter, 213 pallidiceps, Urospizias, 213 pallidus, Archibuteo, 236 pallida, Asturina, 241 pallida, Aviceda, 196 pallida, Baza, 196 pallidus, Buteo, 236 pallida, Cuncuma, 257 pallidus, Falco, 295 pallidus, Halizetus, 257 pallidus, Lithofaleo, 295 pallidus, Polyborus, 281 pallidus, Spilornis, 272 pallipes, Procellaria, 51 palmerstoni, Fregata, 96 palmerstoni, Pelecanus, 96 palpebrata, Diomedea, 45 palpebrata, Phoebetria, 45 paludivagus, Milvago, 279

INDEX 335

panamensis, Cochlearius, 125 panamensis, Crypturellus, 17 panamensis, Crypturus, 17 Pandion, 275

Pandioninae, 275 panayensis, Spilornis, 274 papa, Sarcoramphus, 190 papa, Vultur, 189

papillosa, Ibis, 132 papillosa, Pseudibis, 132 papua, Aptenodytes, 30 papua, Pygoscelis, 30 papuanus, Accipiter, 224 papuanus, Astur, 224 papuanus, Casuarius, 7 papuanus, Falco, 293 Parabuteo, 240

parasitus, Falco, 203 parasitus, Milvus, 203 Paraspizias, 206

Parasula, 83

parkinsoni, Procellaria, 52 parryi, Elanus, 193

parryi, Notophoyx, 102 parryl1, Podiceps, 36 Parvifregata, 95 parvirostris, Crypturellus, 23 parvirostris, Crypturus, 23 parvirostris, Procellaria, 62 parvulus, Dromaius, 10 paschae, Pterodroma, 63 passerina, Procellaria, 69 patagonica, Aptenodytes, 29 patens, Butorides, 104 patruelis, Ardea, 107 patruelis, Butorides, 107 paulus, Cerchneis, 302 paulus, Falco, 302

pauper, Nyctanassa, 117 pauper, Nycticorax, 117 pavoninus, Tinamus, 28 pax, Falco, 291

payesii, Ardea, 120

payesii, Ixobrychus, 120 Pealea, 70

pealei, Falco, 290

pealei, Pagodroma, 67 pectoralis, Accipiter, 218 pectoralis, Circaétus, 270 pectoralis, Falco, 218 pectoralis, Gymnogenys, 269 pectoralis, Polyboroides, 269

336 INDEX

pekinensis, Falco, 298 Perissonetta, 173

pelagica, Aquila, 258 perniger, Ictinaétus, 256 pelagica, Procellaria, 72 pernigra, Aquila, 256 pelagicus, Halizetus, 257 Perninae, 194

pelagicus, Hydrobates, 72 Pernis, 198

pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 89 peroni, Dendrocygna, 153 _ Pelagodroma, 69 peroni, Dromaius, 10 Pelagornithidae, 82 Peronista, 9

Pelagodyptes, 75 perpallida, Cerchneis, 298 Pelecani, 79 perplexa, Cerchneis, 304 Pelecanidae, 79 perplexus, Falco, 304 Pelecaniformes, 77 perplexus, Spilornis, 272 Pelecanoidea, 79 persicus, Puffinus, 60 Pelecanoides, 75 personata, Sula, 84 Pelecanoididae, 75 perspicillaris, Accipiter, 220 Pelecanus, 79, 80 perspicillaris, Falco, 220 pelegrinoides, Falco, 289 perspicillata, Anas, 182 pelewensis, Anas, 160 perspicillata, Melanitta, 182 pelewensis, Nycticorax, 115 perspicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 89 Pelionetta, 182 perspicillata, Procellaria, 52 pelzelnii, Podiceps, 37 perthi, Carbo, 90

pelzelnii, Poliocephalus, 37 perthi, Phalacrocorax, 90 penelope, Anas, 168 peruviana, Cerchneis, 305 penelope, Mareca, 168 peruviana, Crypturellus, 23 peninsulae, Fregata, 96 peruviana, Crypturus, 23 peninsularis, Falco, 303 peruvianus, Falco, 305 penicillatus, Carbo, 89 peruviana, Nothura, 26 penicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 89 peruvianus, Tinamus, 14 pennatus, Falco, 252 peruviensis, Buteo, 229 pennatus, Hieraaétus, 252 pescadoresi, Neonectris, 56 pennata, Pterocnemia, 5 petoensis, Falco, 291 pennata, Rhea, 5 Phzeoaétus, 248

pentlandii, Nothoprocta, 26 Pheonetta, 181

pentlandiui, Rhynchotus, 26 pheopygia, Cistrelata, 65 pentlandi, Tinamotis, 29 pheopygia, Pterodroma, 65 peposaca, Anas, 173 Phaéthon, 77

peposaca, Metopiana, 173 Phaéthontes, 77

percna, Anas, 160 Phaéthontidae, 77 _- Perenohierax, 228 phalena, Falco, 303 percnopterus, Neophron, 263 phalena, Tinnunculus, 303 percnopterus, Vultur, 263 Phalcobcenus, 279 perconfusus, Falco, 290 Phalacrocoracidae, 85 perdicarius, Crypturus, 26 Phalacrocorax, 85 perdicaria, Nothoprocta, 26 Philacte, 149

peregrinator, Falco, 289 philipi, Casuarius, 8 peregrinus, Falco, 288 philippensis, Colymbus, 36 peregrina, Ibis, 138 philippensis, Pelecanus, 80 peregrinus, Plegadis, 138 philippensis, Poliocephalus, 36 peregrinoides, Accipiter, 220 philippensis, Spizaétus, 249 perenopterus, Vultur, 263 philippii, Fulmarus, 67 peringueyi, Heteroprion, 49 phillipii, Procellaria, 63

peringueyi, Pachyptila, 49 phillipii, Pterodroma, 63

q

fe?

Phimosus, 137 Phoebetria, 45 Phoeniconaias, 141 Pheenicoparrus, 141 Phoenicopteri, 140 Phoenicopteridae, 140 Phoenicopterus, 140 phoenicuros, Phaéthon, 78 Phoenicurus, 77

picata, Agamia, 114 picata, Ardea, 102 picata, Notophoyx, 102 pichinche, Falco, 294 pictus, Buteo, 233 picticollis, Casuarius, 8 pictilis, Haliétor, 93 pictilis, Phalacrocorax, 93 pileatus, Accipiter, 217 pileata, Ardea, 102 pileatus, Falco, 217 pileatus, Necrosyrtes, 263 pileatus, Pilherodius, 102 pieatus, Vultur, 263 Pilherodius, 102

pinnata, Ardea, 125 pinnatus, Botaurus, 125 piscator, Pelecanus, 84 Piseatrix, 83 Pithecophaga, 247 plagiata, Asturina, 240 plancus, Falco, 280 plancus, Polyborus, 280 planes, Astur, 208 planicola, Hypotriorchis, 292 Platalea, 139

platalea, Anas, 169

platalea, Spatula, 169 Plataleinae, 139

platei, Diomedea, 44 Platibis, 140

platypterus, Buteo, 236 platypterus, Sparvius, 236 platyrhynchos, Anas, 159 Plectropterinae, 144 Plectropterus, 145

_, Plegadis, 138 -plotus, Pelecanus, 85

plotus, Sula, 85

plumbeus, Falco, 201 plumbeus, Ibis, 135 plumbea, Icthyophaga, 259 plumbea, Ictinia, 201

INDEX 337

plumbea, Leucopternis, 242 plumbeus, Micrastur, 278 plumbeus, Polioaétus, 259 plumbeus, Rostrhamus, 201 plumbeiceps, Icthyophaga, 259 plumbeiceps, Nothocercus, 15 plumifera, Mesophoyx, 112 plumiferus, Herodias, 112 podiceps, Ardeola, 120 podiceps, Colymbus, 41 podiceps, Ixobrychus, 120 podiceps, Podilymbus, 41 Podilymbus, 41 poecilochrous, Buteo, 229 poecilogaster, Buteo, 229 Poecilonetta, 158 poecilopterus, Astur, 207 poecilorhyncha, Anas, 160 poggei, Colymbus, 36 poggei, Poliocephalus, 36 poiciloptila, Ardea, 124 poiciloptilus, Botaurus, 124 Polemaétus, 251 Polihieracinae, 281 Polihiérax, 282 Poliocephalus, 35, 37 poliocephalus, Accipiter, 214 poliocephala, Chloéphaga, 151 poliocephalus, Podiceps, 37 poliocephalus, Poliocephalus, 37 poliogaster, Accipiter, 219 poliogaster, Falco, 219 polionotus, Accipiter, 212 polionata, Asturina, 240, 242 polionota, Leucopternis, 242 polionotus, Urospizias, 212 poliopsis, Accipiter, 211 poliopsis, Micronisus, 211 poliopterus, Meliérax, 225 Polyborinae, 278

Polyborus, 280

polycryptus, Accipiter, 215 polynesiz, Puffinus, 60 polyosoma, Falco, 229 polyosoma, Buteo, 229 Polysticta, 182 polyzonoides, Accipiter, 211 pomarina, Aquila, 255 pondicerianus, Halfiastur], 204 ponticerianus, Vultur, 259 Porthmornis, 75 Potamolegus, 228

398

pottsi, Nesierax, 287 Praedo, 228

praepes, Crypturellus, 21 praepes, Crypturornis, 21 preetermissus, Ardeirallus, 123 praetermissa, Erythrophoyx, 123 princeps, Leucopternis, 242 Priocella, 51

Prionochilus, 186 Procellaria, 52 Procellariiformes, 41 Procellariidae, 46 progressus, Falco, 285 Promergus, 186 Psammoaetus, 253 Pseudibis, 132 Pseudocarbo, 85 Pseudocircus, 264 Pseudogyps, 262 Pseudotadorna, 157 Pterocnemia, 5 Pterodroma, 60 Pteronetta, 172 ptilorhyncus, Falco, 199 ptilorhyncus, Pernis, 199 Puffininae, 51

Puffinus, 53, 56

puffinus, Procellaria, 57 puffinus, Puffinus, 57 pulchellus, Accipiter, 214 pulchellus, Astur, 214 pulchellus, Cheniscus, 171 pulchellus, Nettapus, 171 pullus, Ixobrychus, 122 pumila, Ardea, 120

puna, Anas, 165 punctata, Anas, 164 punctatus, Falco, 302 punctatus, Pelicanus, 92 punctatus, Phalacrocorax, 92 punensis, Crypturellus, 17 punensis, Crypturus, 17 punicus, Accipiter, 219 purpuragula, Carbo, 87 purguragula, Phalacrocorax, 87 purpurea, Ardea, 101 pusillus, Accipiter, 216 pusilla, Ardea, 121 pusillus, Scelospizias, 216 pygargus, Circus, 265 pygargus, Falco, 265 pygmeus, Haliétor, 94

INDEX

pygmeus, Pelecanus, 94 Pygoscelis, 30 Pyrrherodia, 101 pyrrhogaster, Falco, 297

quaesitandus, Accipiter, 224 queenslandica, Aviceda, 197 queenslandica, Baza, 197 queenslandicus, Erythrotriorchis, 225 queenslandicus, Ixobrychus, 121 Querquedula, 158, 159

querquedula, Anas, 162 queribundus, Herpetotheres, 276 quintali, Pterodroma, 64

quirundus, Circus, 265

radama, Falco, 290

raddei, Buteo, 230 radiatus, Erythrotriorchis, 225 radiatus, Falco, 225 radiatus, Gymnogenys, 269 radiatus, Tinamus, 19 radiatus, Vultur, 269 radjah, Anas, 157

radjah, Tadorna, 157

rail, Astur, 214

raja, Spilornis, 273 ralloides, Ardea, 108 ralloides, Ardeola, 108 ranfurlyi, Phalacrocorax, 91 ranivorus, Circus, 266 ranivorus, Falco, 266 ranivorus, Gampsonyx, 201 rapax, Aquila, 254

rapax, Falco, 254

raptor, Aquila, 254

rara, Lampribis, 134 regalis, Archibuteo, 231 regalis, Buteo, 231

regia, Platalea, 140 regulus, Falco, 295 reichenowi, Milvus, 203 Reinholdia, 53

reinholdi, Puffinus, 57 reinwardtii, Aviceda, 196 reinwardtii, Falco, 196 reischekia, Phcebastria, 43 relictus, Pelecanus, 81 renschi, Falco, 301

repens, Ardea, 101 resplendens, Phalacrocorax, 89 rex, Baleniceps, 125

INDEX 339

rex, Morus, 82 rolland, Colymbus, 38

rex, Sulita, 82 rolland, Podiceps, 38 Rhea, 4 rooki, Accipiter, 213 Rheidae, 4 rosea, Ajaia, 140 Rheiformes, 4 roseus, Pelecanus, 80 rhenanus, Falco, 288 roseigularis, Casuarius, 8 rhodesi, Tinnunculus, 300 roseotincta, Phaéthon, 78 rhodogaster, Accipiter, 223 roseotincta, Sceophaethon, 78 rhodogaster, Nisus, 223 rossil, Anser, 146 Rhodonessa, 170 rossil, Chen, 146 rhodorhyrchus, Anser, 147 rostrata, Nothoprocta, 25 Rhothonia, 42 rostrata, Procellaria, 62 Rhynchodon, 287 rostrata, Pterodroma, 62 Rhynchofalco, 294 Rostrhamus, 201 rhynchotis, Anas, 170 rothschildi, Buteo, 234 rhynchotis, Spatula, 170 rothschildi, Casuarius, 9 Rhynchotus, 23 rothschildi, Diomedea, 42 richardsonii, Falco, 296 rothschildi, Dromiceius, 10 richmondi, Diomedea, 43 rothschildi, Fregata, 96 richmondi, Spilornis, 272 rothschildi, Lampribis, 134 richmondi, Thalassarche, 43 rothschildi, Phaéthon, 78 ricketti, Spilornis, 272 rothschildi, Rhea, 4 ridgwayi, Buteo, 233 rothschildi, Sceeophethon, 78 ridgwayi, Falcinellus, 138 royana, Fregetta, 70 ridgwayi, Fregata, 96 royanus, Fregettornis, 70 ridgwayi, Hyomorphnus, 244 royanus, Puffinus, 55 ridgwayi, Pandion, 275 ruber, Phoenicopterus, 141 ridgwayi, Plegadis, 138 rubianae, Accipiter, 214 ridgwayi, Rupornis, 233 rubianae, Astur, 214 ridgwayi, Urubitinga, 244 rubidiceps, chloéphaga, 151 riggenbachi, Astur, 210 rubidus, Anas, 184 riggenbachi, Phalacrocorax, 89 rubida, Oxyura, 184 riocourli, Chelictinia, 194 rubra, Guara, 137 riocouril, Elanoides, 194 .| rubra, Scolopax, 137 riphaeus, Falco, 288 rubricauda, Phaéthon, 78 rivieri, Buteo, 237 rubricauda, Phaeton, 78 roberti, Chenopis, 144 rubricollis, Accipiter, 224 robinsoni, Butorides, 104 rubripersonatus, Neophron, 263 robustus, Astur, 214 rubripes, Anas, 161 robustus, Tinamus, 13 rubripes, Crypturellus, 20 rodgersii, Fulmarus, 47 — rubripes, Crypturus, 20 rogersi, Anas, 160, 163 rubripes, Sula, 84

rogersi, Butorides, 107 rubrirostris, Anas, 167 rogersi, Casuarius, 7 rudolfi, Falco, 290

rogersi, Cheniscus, 171 rufa, Anas, 175

rogersi, Circus, 265 rufa, Anhinga, 94

rogersi, Nettion, 163 rufa, Ardea, 109

rogersi, Plegadis, 138 rufa, Aviceda, 196

rogersi, Sula, 85 rufa, Baza, 196

rogersi, Xenorhynchus, 130 rufus, Plotus, 94 —~ VW “j?. ¥ rohui, Diomedea, 42 rufescens, Ardea, 109

rohui, Diomedella, 44 rufescens, Dichromanassa, 109

340

rufescens, Pelecanus, 80 rufescens, Rhynchotus, 24 rufescens, Tinamus, 24 ruficauda, Asturina, 238 ruficauda, Buteo, 238 ruficeps, Tinamus, 14 ruficollis, Anser, 150 ruficollis, Branta, 150 ruficollis, Cathartes, 191 ruficollis, Colymbus, 35 ruficollis, Egretta, 113 ruficollis, Faleo, 296 ruficollis, Hydranassa, 113 ruficollis, Micrastur, 277, ruficollis, Pernis, 198 ruficollis, Poliocephalus, 35 ruficollis, Sparvius, 277

rufimentum, Hydranassa, 113

rufina, Anas, 173

rufinus, Buteo, 230 rufinus, Falco, 230 rufina, Netta, 173 rufipectus, Spilornis, 273 rufipedoides, Falco, 292 rufipennis, Butastur, 243 rufipennis, Poliornis, 243 rufitergum, Tadorna, 157 rufitinetus, Accipiter, 216 rufitinctus, Spizaétus, 216 rufitorques, Accipiter, 216 rufitorques, Aster, 216 rufiventris, Accipiter, 220 rufiventris, Ardea, 107

rufiventris, Erythocnus, 107

rufiventer, Milvus, 203 rufofuscus, Buteo, 230

INDEX

ruppellii, Gyps, 261 ruppellii, Vultur, 261 rusticolus, Faleo, 286 rutenbergi Ardea, 105 rutenbergi, Butorides, 105 rutherfordi, Spilornis, 272 rutila, Anas, 156

sacra, Ardea, 112

sacra, Demigretta, 112 saceroides, Falco, 285 saceroides, Gennaia, 285 Sagittariidae, 192 Sagittarioidea, 192 Sagittarius, 192

salmoni, Tigrisoma, 119 saltatrix, Procellaria, 71 salvadorii, Casuarius, 6 salvadorii, Chauna, 142 salvadcrii, Nothocercus, 15 salvadorii, Nothura, 27 salvadorii, Spilornis, 272 Salvadorina, 183

salvini, Accipiter, 221 salvini, Crypturellus, 20 salvini, Crypturus, 20 salvini, Diomedea, 44 salvini, Nisus, 221 salvini, Pachyptila, 49 salvini, Prion, 49

salvini, Thalassogeron, 44 samueli, Falco, 293 sanborni, Nothoprocta, 26 sanctiluce, Ardea, 100 sanfordi, Diomedea, 42 sandvicensis, Anser, 151

sandvicensis, Nesochen, 151 sandwichensis, Cistrelata, 65 sandwichensis, Pterodroma, 65 sarasini, Haliastur, 205 Sarcogyps, 259 Sarcoramphus, 189 Sarkidiornis, 155 sarmaticus, Cerchneis, 298 sassil, Accipiter, 222

sassi, Sticticarbo, 92 saturata, Asturina, 239 saturatus, Buteo, 235, 239 saturatus, Butorides, 103 saturatus, Falco, 291, 299 saturatus, Tinamus, 13 savannarum, Nothura, 27

rufofuscus, Falco, 230 rufolineatus, Gorsachius, 117 rufopectus, Podiceps, 37 rufopectus, Poliocephalus, 37 rufoschistaceus, Accipiter, 214 rufoschistaceus, Astur, 214 rufotibia, Erythrotriorchis, 225 rufotinctus, Casuarius, 9 rufulus, Circaetus, 270 rufulus, Circus, 226 “rupicolaeformis, Cerchneis, 300 rupicolaeformis, Falco, 300 rupicoloides, Falco, 301 rupicolus, Falco, 300 Rupornis, 228

ruppelli, Anas, 161

INDEX

Sceophethon, 77

sealaris, Aestrelata, 63 scandinaviae, Falco, 288 schillingsi, Pseudogyps, 262 schigleri, Podiceps, 40 schistacea, Ardea, 111 schistacea, Asturina, 242 schistacea, Demigretta, 111 schistacea, Leucopternis, 242 schistacinus, Accipiter, 219 schistacinus, Astur, 219 schistochlamys, Accipiter, 217 schlegeli, Eudyptes, 31 schvedowi, Accipiter, 207 schvedowi, Astur, 207 scolopax, Nothocercus, 19 Scopidae, 126

Scopoidea, 126

Scopus, 126

sclateri, Eudyptes, 31 sclateriil, Casuarius, 6 scriptus, Elanus, 193 scutulata, Anas, 155 scutulata, Asarcornis, 155 seminocturnus, Thrasyaccipiter, 277 semipalmata, Anas, 145 semipalmata, Anseranas, 145 semiplumbea, Leucopternis, 242 semitorquatus, Falco, 282 semitorquatus, Micrastur, 277 semitorquatus, Sparvius, 277 semitorquatus, Polihiérax, 282 senegalensis, Ephippiorhynchus, 130 senegalensis, Mycteria, 130 sennetti, Buteo, 228 septentrionalis, Cathartes, 190 septentrionalis, Falco, 294 septentrionalis, Tinamus, 12 serpentarius, Falco, 192 serpentarius, Sagittarius, 192 serrator, Mergus, 187 serrator, Morus, 82

serrator, Pelecanus, 82 serratus, Pezus, 14

serratus, Tinamus, 14 serrirostris, Anser, 148 severus, Falco, 292

sharpei, Accipiter, 222 sharpei, Astur, 218, 222 sibilatrix, Anas, 168 sibilatrix, Ardea, 114 sibilatrix, Mareca, 168

JAI

sibilatrix, Syrigma, 114 sibiricus, Anser, 147 sibiricus, Melanonyx, 147 Sibirionetta, 158

siliga, Pterodroma, 67 simitorquata, Falco, 282 simonsi, Buteo, 229 simonsi, Nothoprocta, 25 simplex, Crypturus, 19 sinensis, Aquila, 255 sinensis, Ardea, 121 sinensis, Ixobrychus, 121 sinensis, Phalacrocorax, 87 sinensis, Pelecanus, 87 sipora, Butorides, 106 sipora, Spilornis, 273 s.-johannis, Buteo, 236

s. johannis, Falco, 236 Smithaetus, 269 socorroensis, Buteo, 232 socorroensis, Oceanodroma, 74 sociabilis, Herpetotheres, 202 sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 202 solanderi, Macronectes, 46 solanderi, Pachyptila, 50 solanderi, Pseudoprion, 50 solandri, Procellaria, 63 solandri, Pterodroma, 63 solitarius, Buteo, 234 solitarius, Circaétus, 246 solitaria, Cryptura, 12 solitarius, Tinamus, 12 solitaria, Urubitornis, 246 soloénsis, Accipiter, 212 soloénsis, Falco, 212 Somateria, 179, 180 sordida, Procellaria, 66 sordida, Pterodroma, 66 soui, Crypturellus, 18

soul, Tinamus, 18

sparsa, Anas, 162 sparsimfasciatus, Accipiter, 209 sparsimfasciatus, Astur, 209 sparverius, Falco, 302 sparveroides, Falco, 303 Spatula, 169

spatzi, Struthio, 3 speciosa, Ardea, 108 speciosa, Ardeola, 108 spectabilis, Anas, 180 spectabilis, Astur, 274 spectabilis, Drytriorchis, 274

342

spectabilis, Somateria, 180 Speculanas, 158 specularioides, Anas, 165 specularis, Anas, 165 spencei, Crypturellus, 22 spencei, Crypturus, 22 spenceri, Dromiceius, 10 Spheniscidae, 29 Sphenisciformes, 29 Spheniscus, 33 Sphenorhynchus, 128 sphenurus, Accipiter, 210 sphenurus, Falco, 210 sphenurus, Haliastur, 205. sphenurus, Milvus, 205 sphenurus, Puffinus, 55 spilogaster, Haematornis, 271 spilogaster, Hieraaétus, 252 spilogaster, Spilornis, 271 spilogaster, Spizaétus, 252 spilonotus, Circus, 267 Spilornis, 270

spilothorax, Circus, 267 spinicauda, Anas, 166 spinicollis, Carphibis, 132 Spizaétus, 248

Spizastur, 247 Spiziapteryx, 281 splendida, Lampribis, 134 spodiogaster, Butorides, 105 sponsa, Aix, 170

sponsa, Anas, 170 squamatus, Mergus, 187 stagnatilis, Ardetta, 107 stagnatilis, Butorides, 107 stalkeri, Platalea, 140 steadi, Carbo, 88, 92 steadi, Phalacrocorax, 88 steadi, Procellaria, 52 steadi, Sticticarbo, 92 steerei, Pernis, 199 stejnegeri, Melanitta, 181 stejnegeri, Oidemia, 181 stellaris, Ardea, 124 stellaris, Botaurus, 124 stellatus, Colymbus, 34 stellata, Gavia, 34 stelleri, Anas, 182

stelleri, Polysticta, 182 stenozona, Aviceda, 197 stenozona, Baza, 197 Stephanoaétus, 251

INDEX

stevensoni, Accipiter, 223 stewarti, Phalacrocorax, 91 Stictapteryx, 11

Stictonetta, 156

stormi, Dissoura, 128 stormi, Melanopelargus, 128 streichi, Falco, 292

strepera, Anas, 168 streperus, Chaulelasmus, 168 stresemanni, Aviceda, 196 stresemanni, Baza, 196 striatus, Accipiter, 221 striata, Ardea, 104

striatus, Butorides, 104 striatulus, Accipiter, 208 striatulus, Astur, 208 strictipennis, Ibis, 132 strictipennis, Threskiornis, 132 strigulosus, Crypturellus, 22 strigulosus, Tinamus, 22 strumosa, Fregata, 96 Struthio, 3 ‘ Struthionidae, 3 Struthioniformes, 3

sturmii, Ardea, 123

sturmii, Ixobrychus, 123 subaesalon, Falco, 294 subalaris, Puffinus, 59 subboschas, Anas, 159 subbuteo, Falco, 291 subcormoranus, Carbo, 87 subcristata, Aviceda, 197 subcristatus, Lepidogenys, 197 subcristatus, Trachypelmus, 13 subleucosternus, Haliastur, 205 submelanogenys, Falco, 290 subniger, Falco, 287 subtilis, Buteogallus, 245 subtilis, Urubitinga, 245 suckleyi, Falco, 296

suffusus, Casuarius, 9

Sula, 83

sula, Pelecanus, 84

sula, Sula, 84

sulaénsis, Accipiter, 224 sulaénsis, Circaétus, 274 sulaénsis, Nisus, 224 sulaénsis, Spilornis, 274 sulcirostris, Carbo, 86 sulcirostris, Phalacrocorax, 86 Sulidae, 82

Sulita, 82

Suloidea, 82

sumatrana, Ardea, 98 sumbaénsis, Accipiter, 212 sumbaénsis, Urospizias, 212 sundevalli, Ardea, 104 sundevalli, Butorides, 104 superciliaris, Buteo, 239 superciliaris, Sparvius, 239 superciliosus, Accipiter, 218 superciliosa, Anas, 160 superciliosus, Falco, 218 suschkini, Gavia, 34 suschkini, Urinator, 34 swainsoni, Buteo, 233 swainsonii, Gampsonyx, 282 sylvestris, Accipiter, 212 syriacus, Struthio, 4 Syrigma, 114

tachiro, Accipiter, 209 tachiro, Falco, 209 Tachybaptus, 35» Tachyeres, 176 taezanowskii, Colymbus, 38 taczanowskii, Nothoprocta, 24 taczanowski, Podiceps, 38 Tadorna, 157

tadorna, Anas, 157 tadorna, Tadorna, 157 tadornoides, Anas, 156 tadornoides, Casarea, 156 teniata, Aptenodytes, 30 taeniatus, Morphnus, 246 teeniata, Pygoscelis, 30 taissiae, Circus, 264 tanypterus, Falco, 285 Taoniscus, 28

tao, Tinamus, 12 tarapacensis, Pterocnemia, 5 tasmanica, Ieracidea, 306 tataupa, Crypturellus, 23 tataupa, Tinamus, 23 teesa, Butastur, 243

teesa, Circus, 243 temminckii, Accipiter, 209 temmincku, Astur, 209 temminckil, Ibis, 133 temucoensis, Milvago, 279 tenebrosus, Astur, 209 teneriffae, Accipiter, 219 tenuirostris, Gyps, 262 tenuirostris, Puffinus, 56

INDEX 343

tenuirostris, Rostrihamus, 202 Terathopius, 269 Teratornithidae, 192 territori, Haliastur, 205 territori, Mesocarbo, 87 territori, Mesophoyx, 112 territori, Phalacrocorax, 87 tethys, Oceanodroma, 72 tethys, Thalassidroma, 72 texanus, Buteo, 233 thagus, Pelecanus, $1 Thalassoica, 51 Thalassornis, 183 Thaumatibis, 132 Theristicus, 135 thompsoni, Pterodroma, 63 Thrasyaccipiter, 276 Threskiornis, 131 Threskiornithidae, 131 Threskiornithinae, 131 Threskiornithoidea, 131 thula, Ardea, 113

thula, Leucophoyx, 113 Thyellodroma, 55 Tigribaphe, 118

tigrina, Ardea, 118 Tigriornis, 118 Tigrisoma, 118 timorlaoénsis, Aviceda, 196 timorlaoénsis, Baza, 196 Tinamidae, 12 Tinamiformes, 12 Tinamotis, 29

Tinamus, 12 Tinnunculus, 294 tinnunculus, Falco, 298 titan, Fregetta, 70 tjendanae, Accipiter, 215 tobagensis, Butorides, 104 Toburides, 102 Tonophoyx, 102

Torgos, 260

tormenti, Demigretta, 112 torquata, Chaja, 142 torquata, Chauna, 142 torquatus, Falco, 215 toussenelii, Accipiter, 210 toussenelii, Nisus, 210 toyoshimai, Buteo, 236 tracheliotus, Torgos, 260 tracheliotus, Vultur, 260 trachyrhynchus, Pelecanus, 80

344

transfasciatus, Crypturellus, 22 transfasciatus, Crypturus, 22 transriphaeus, Erythropus, 297 traversi, Phalacrocorax, 92 treganzai, Ardea, 99 tricarunculatus, Casuarius, 6 tricolor, Ardea, 113

tricolor, Hydranassa, 113 tricolor, Podiceps, 36 tricolor, Poliocephalus, 36 Trigonoceps, 260

trinitatis, Fregata, 97 trinotatus, Accipiter, 210 tristis, Anas, 161

tristrami, Oceanodroma, 74 trivirgatus, Accipiter, 217 trivirgatus, Falco, 217 tropica, Fregetta, 70

tropica, Thalassidroma, 70 tropicalis, Accipiter, 222 tropicalis, Buteo, 231 tropicalis, Cerchneis, 303 tropicalis, Falco, 303 trouessarti, Pterodroma, 62 tschusii, Falco, 284

tubulata, Fregetta, 71 tunneyi, Carbo, 90

tunneyi, Puffinus, 59

tunnyi, Fregata, 97 turkestanicus, Cerchneis, 298 turneri, Merganetta, 188 turtur, Pachyptila, 50 turtur, Procellaria, 50 typicus, Gymnogenys, 269 typica, Halobaena, 47 typicus, Poloboroides, 269 tyrannus, Falco, 248 tyrannus, Spizaétus, 248 tzitzihoa, Anas, 167

Ultratinnuneulus, Falco, 298 umbretta, Scopus, 126 umbrinus, Buteo, 231 unappendiculatus, Casuarius, 9 uncinatus, Chondrohierax, 200 uncinatus, Falco, 200 undulata, Anas, 161

undulata, Ardea, 120 undulatus, Crypturellus, 19 undulatus, Tinamus, 19 undulatus, Zebrilus, 120 unduliventer, Accipiter, 209

INDEX

unduliventer, Faleo, 209 unicinctus, Falco, 240 unicinctus, Parabuteo, 240 unicolor, Cerchneis, 301 uralensis, Falco, 286 uralensis, Hierofalco, 286 urile, Pelecanus, 90

urile, Phalacrocorax, 90 urinatrix, Pelecanoides, 76 urinatrix, Procellaria, 76 Uroaétus, 256 Urotriorchis, 227

urschi, Lophotibis, 139 Urubitinga, 244 urubitinga, Cathartes, 191 urubitinga, Falco, 244 urubitinga, Hypomorphnus, 244 Urubitornis, 246

urubu, Vultur, 190 ussuriana, Ardea, 101 ussuriana, Phoyx, 101 ussuriensis, Falco, 288, 292

vagans, Ictinia, 201 valisineria, Anas, 173 valisineria, Nyroca, 173 vanh6ffeni, Phalacrocorax, 92 variegata, Anas, 156 ; variegata, Casarca, 156 variegatus, Crypturellus, 20 variegatus, Dysporus, 83 variegata, Spatula, 170 variegata, Sula, 83 variegatus, Tetrao, 20

varius, Pelecanus, 90

varius, Phalacrocorax, 90 velificans, Procellaria, 67 velificans, Pterodroma, 67 velox, Accipiter, 221

velox, Falco, 221

venator, Accipiter, 221 venezuelensis, Accipiter, 221 venezuelensis, Nothocercus, 15 ventralis, Accipiter, 221 ventralis, Buteo, 229 vermiculatus, Crypturellus, 19 vermiculatus, Tinamus, 19 verreauxii, Aquila, 256 verreauxii, Aviceda, 195 verrucosus, Halieus, 91 verrucosus, Phalacrocorax, 91 versicolor, Anas, 165

vespertinus, Falco, 297 victoria, Ixobrychus, 121 victoriz, Halobzena, 48 victoriz, Oxyura, 185 victorianus, Elanus, 193 viduata, Anas, 153 viduata, Dendrocygna, 153 vigilax, Accipiter, 216 vigilax, Astur, 216

vigua, Phalacrocorax, 86 vinaceigula, Melanophoyx, 109 vindhiana, Aquila, 255 violacea, Ardea, 116 violacea, Nyctanassa, 116 violicollis, Casuarius, 6 virescens, Ardea, 103 virescens, Butorides, 103 virgatus, Accipiter, 223, 277 virgatus, Falco, 223, 277 viridigularis, Gavia, 34 vittata, Erismatura, 185 vittata, Oxyura, 185 vittata, Procellaria, 48 v-nigra, Somateria, 179 vocifer, Falco, 257

vocifer, Halixetus, 257 vociferoides, Halizetus, 257 vociferus, Elanus, 193 vociferus, Falco, 193 vuleanorum, Podiceps, 36 vulecanorum, Poliocephalus, 36 vulgaris, Gyps, 261 vulpinus, Buteo, 235 vulpinus, Falco, 235 vulsini, Anhinga, 94 Vultur, 189

wahlbergi, Aquila, 256 waigiuensis, Salvadorina, 183 wallaca, Diomedella, 44 wallacii, Accipiter, 215 wallacii, Astur, 215

wardi, Ardea, 100 washingtoniensis, Falco, 258

washingtoniensis, Halizetus, 258

websteri, Sula, 84 weddelli, Tinamus, 12 weiskei, Eutolmaetus, 252 weiskei, Hieraaétus, 252

INDEX

westralensis, Botaurus, 124 westraliensis, Milvus, 204 westralis, Biziura, 185 westralis, Carbo, 88 westralis, Casarea, 156 westralis, Diomedea, 42 westralis, Pelecanus, 80 westralis, Phaéthon, 78 whitei, Hypoleucus, 90 whitei, Platalea, 140 whitneyi, Puffinus, 56 wilsoni, Fregata, 97 wilsonii, Chondrohierax, 200 wilsonii, Cymindis, 200 wilsoni, Macronectes, 46 wilsoni, (strelata, 64 wilsonii, Procellaria, 68 wolfi, Circus, 267 wolterstorffi, Accipiter, 220 woodfordi, Ardeiralla, 123 woodfordi, Dupetor, 123 woodwardi, Dromiceius, 10 woodwardi, Eudyptula, 32 wortheni, Oestrelata, 64 wortheni, Pterodroma, 64 wyvilliana, Anas, 159

Xenorhynchus, 129

yapura, Crypturellus, 19 yapura, Pezus, 19 yelkouan, Procellaria, 57 yelkouan, Puffinus, 57 yetapa, Elanoides, 194 yetapa, Milvus, 194

zamore, Rupornis, 238 zealanicus, Puffinus, 54 Zebrilus, 19 } 2.6

zechi, Pseudogyps, 262 zeledoni, Cancroma, 125 zeledoni, Cochlearius, 125 zenkeri, Accipiter, 222 Zonerodius, 118 zoniventris, Falco, 297 zonorhyncha, Anas, 160 - zonothorax, Climacocercus, 278 zonothorax, Micrastur, 278 zuliensis, Tinamus, 13

345

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