Mus. COMP. ZOOL. Room 503 CHECK-LIST ORS BIRDS OF THE WORD VOLUME XII CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters Edited by RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR. in consultation with Ernst Mayr VOLUME XII Pachycephalinae Aegithalidae Remizidae Paridae Sittidae Certhiidae Rhabdornithidae Climacteridae Dicaeidae Nectariniidae Zosteropidae Meliphagidae By JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR., ERNST MAYR, REGINALD E. MOREAU, AUSTIN L. RAND, FINN SALOMONSEN, anp DAVID W. SNOW CAMBRIDGE - MASSACHUSETTS MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 1967 COPYRIGHT, 1967 BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE THE HEFFERNAN PRESS, INC. WORCESTER, MASS. PNG OD ws CL. VON This is the fourth volume to be published as a cooperative project after the death of J. L. Peters in 1952. Some manu- scripts for this book were completed nearly ten years ago and have been revised several times to keep them up to date. This delay and extra effort is regretted, but it should be remembered that the six collaborators had varied commit- ments, and it was impossible for some authors to complete their sections as promptly as others. It is anticipated, how- ever, that as the Check-list series nears completion, the time between the submission of a manuscript and its publication will decrease, and that the rate with which new volumes appear will accelerate. The scope and style of the present volume remains un- changed from that of the last to be issued (Volume X, 1964). The sequence and ranking of taxa continues to follow that which was outlined by Mayr and Greenway (1956, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 58), except for minor changes suggested by the collaborators. For example, the Aegith- alinae and Remizinae are raised to the rank of full families; and Hypositta, which had been accorded subfamilial status within the Sittidae, is placed apart as a genus incertae sedis (possibly related to the Vangidae). The problem of newly created countries and altered geo- graphical names remains vexing. This difficulty has been met in the following manner. In the simplest case, where only the name of the country has been changed, the older name is enclosed in parenthesis, e.g., Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). However, in the more complicated situation, such as where a political unit has been subdivided or its borders have been shifted, the name employed is discretionary, with a view toward making range descriptions comprehendible to the reader who is more familiar with the ornithological literature of the last several decades rather than with recent political geography. The generous assistance of those persons who have read manuscripts and offered suggestions for their modification is gratefully acknowledged. vi INTRODUCTION Manuscript for this volume was completed 1 March 1967. Only minor alterations were made after this date. Mrs. Michael D. McBride again contributed her time and skill in preparing the index. 1 May 1967 RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR. CONTENTS ORDER PASSERIFORMES SUBORDER OSCINES Family Muscicapidae j Subfamily Pachycephalinae, Whistlers or r Thiekheads, a Ernst Mayr . ; SAEs Uh eS ae Genus Eulacestoma De Vis ; Faleunculus Vieillot . Oreoica Gould . Pachycare Gould . Rhagologus Stresemann and Patidene Hylocitrea Mathews . Pachycephala Vigors Colluricincla Vigors and Horsfeld Pitohui Lesson . ‘ Genus Incertae Sedis, by Ernst ea Genus Turnagra Lesson . Family Aegithalidae, Long-tailed Tits and Buch Tits, ip David W. Snow . : oe ete are Genus Aegithalos Ferman Psaltria Temminck . Psaltriparus Bonaparte : Family Remizidae, Penduline Tits, ia David Ww. Hon : Genus Remiz Jarocki . : vis Meer Re Anthoscopus Cabanis Auriparus Baird . : Cephalopyrus Bonaparte . . d Family Paridae, Titmice, by David W. Shiny 5 Genus Parus Linnaeus . beer Melanochlora Lesson . Sylviparus Burton . 9 ° Genus Incertae Sedis, by James C. Groce Te Genus Hypositta Newton . Family Sittidae, by James C. Crecnaays Ue Subfamily Sittinae, Nuthatches . Hae Genus Sitta Linnaeus . ‘ Subfamily Daphoenosittinae, recensione = Genus Neositta Hellmayr Daphoenositta De Vis . : Subfamily Tichodromadinae, Wallcreepers . Genus Tichodroma Illiger . ‘ Family Certhiidae, by James C. Giese: i Subfamily Certhiinae, Treecreepers . é Genus Certhia Linnaeus : Subfamily Salpornithinae, Spotted Greener 3 Genus Salpornis Gray . siatene cea 0 Ww 09 Vili CONTENTS Family Rhabdornithidae, Philippine eae oe James C. Greenway, Jr. : 2Phe Genus ehahdornic Fechonbuch : at oe Family Climacteridae, Australian Treecreepers, = Jennies C. Greenway, Jr. < : Genus Climacteris T Pe netieln af : Family Dicaeidae, Flowerpeckers, by Finn Salomeriked . Genus Melanocharis Sclater Rhamphocharis Salvadori . Prionochilus Strickland . Dicaeum Cuvier Oreocharis Salvadori Paramythia De Vis . Pardalotus Véieillot . : Family Nectariniidae, Sunbirds, by Austin L. aad’ Genus Anthreptes Swainson . Hypogramma Reichenbach Nectarinia Jlliger . Aethopyga Cabanis . Arachnothera Temminck . Family Zosteropidae, White-eyes : Indo-Australian Taxa, by Ernst Mayr . Genus Zosterops Vigors and Horsfield . Woodfordia North : Rukia Momiyama : Tephrozosterops Spee cena : : Madanga Rothschild and Hartert . Lophozosterops Hartert Oculocincta Mees Heleia Hartlaub . Chlorocharis Sharpe . Genus Incertae Sedis, by Ernst Mayr . Genus Hypocryptadius Hartert . African and Indian Ocean Taxa, by Ream: E. Moma Genus Zosterops Vigors and Horsfield . Speirops Reichenbach : - Family Meliphagidae, Honeyeaters, by Finn Saloaiiaeeae Genus Timeliopsis Salvadori . Melilestes Salvadori . 2 Toxorhamphus Stresemann . Oedistoma Salvadori Glycichaera Salvadori . Lichmera Cabanis Myzomela Vigors and Hor eae Certhionyx Lesson : Meliphaga Lewin . INDEX CONTENTS Oreornis Van Oort. . Foulehaio Reichenbach . Cleptornis Ousitalet . Apalopteron Bonaparte . Melithreptus Viezllot . Entomyzon Swainson Notiomystis Richmond . Pyenopygius Salvadori . Philemon Vieillot . Ptiloprora De Vis . Melidectes Sclater Melipotes Sclater Vosea Gilliard. . . : Myza Meyer and Waglesnorth : Meliarchus Salvadori : Gymnomyza Reichenow . Moho Lesson ze Chaetoptila Sclater . Phylidonyris Lesson . Ramsayornis Mathews . Plectorhyncha Gould Conopophila Reichenbach . Xanthomyza Swainson . Cissomela Bonaparte Acanthorhynchus Gould Manorina Vieillot . Anthornis Gray Anthochaera Vigors rad Horsfield : Prosthemadera Gray Promerops Brisson . CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD VOLUME XII on te i Ue se ye ORDER PASSERIFORMES SUBORDER OSCINES FAMILY MUSCICAPIDAE SUBFAMILY PACHYCEPHALIN AE! 2 ERNST MAYR GENUS EULACESTOMA DE VIS Eulacestoma De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1893-94, app., p. 102. Type, by monotypy, E'ulacestoma nigropectus De Vis. cf. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 160. EULACESTOMA NIGROPECTUS Eulacestoma nigropectus nigropectus De Vis Eulacestoma nigropectus De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 102 — Mt. Maneao, southeast- ern New Guinea. Mountain forest, from 1,800 to 2,900 m., in southeastern New Guinea, westward in the north as far as the Herzog Mountains and in the south as far as the Wharton Range. Eulacestoma nigropectus clara Stresemann and Paludan Eulacestoma nigropectus clara Stresemann and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 44 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains. Central ranges of New Guinea from the Weyland Moun- tains to Mt. Hagen and Kubor Mountains. 1 MS read, in part, by H. G. Deignan, I. C. J. Galbraith, E. T. Gilliard, K. A. Hindwood, A. Keast, A. R. McGill, A. L. Rand, and D. L. Serventy. 2 There is still doubt as to the closeness of relationship of Hulac- estoma, Falcunculus, Oreoica, and Pachycare with the more typical Pachycephalinae. — E. M. 3 The only two previous treatments of the Pachycephalinae, as a whole, by Gadow (1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, pp. 172-227) and by Sharpe (1908, Handlist, 4, pp. 302-315) are not only completely out of date, but also of different composition. They include flycatchers like Eopsaltria and Pachycephalopsis, but omit Colluricincla (placed in the Prionopidae).— E. M. 4 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS FALCUNCULUS VIEILLOT Falcunculus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 40. Type, by mono- typy, Lanius frontatus Latham. cf. Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 2-16. Mayr, 1953, Emu, 53, pp. 249-252. FALCUNCULUS FRONTATUS Falcunculus frontatus frontatus (Latham) L{anius] frontatus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., Suppl., p. xviii — Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 11, Dec: Falcunculus frontatus herbertoni Mathews, 1912 (Jan. 31), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 376 — Herberton, Cairns district, north Queensland. Falcunculus frontatus itredalei Mathews, 1912 (April 2), Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 47 — Ringwood, Victoria. Falcunculus frontatus lumholtzi Mathews, 1912 (Dec. 24), Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 119— Minnie Downs, interior of central Queensland, 40 miles south of Blackall. Savannah woodlands and sclerophyll forests in eastern Australia, from southeastern South Australia to east-central and northern Queensland (Cairns district). Falcunculus frontatus whitei Campbell Falcunculus whitet Campbell, 1910, Emu, 10, p. 167 — Napier Broome Bay, northwest Australia. Falcunculus frontatus territori Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 91— Borroloola, McArthur River, Northern Territory. Northern Australia from Northern Territory (McArthur River) to northwestern Western Australia (Napier Broome Bay). Falcunculus frontatus leucogaster Gould Falcunculus leucogaster Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, app., p. 2— “Habitat unknown”; Swan River, Western Australia, designated by Mathews, 1928, Birds Australia, 11, p. 13. Falcunculus leucogaster stirlingi Mathews, 1915, Austral PACH YCEPHALINAE 5 Avian Rec., 2, p. 183 — Stirling Ranges, Western Aus- tralia. Southwestern Australia. GENUS OREOICA GOULD Oreoica Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, app., p. 4. Type, by original designation, Faleunculus gut- turalis Vigors and Horsfield. cf. Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 17-27. Mayr, 1953, Emu, 53, pp. 252-253. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, pp. 119-120. OREOICA GUTTURALIS Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield) Falcunculus gutturalis Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 212 — ‘‘Kent’s Group, Bass Straits” (see Hindwood, 1942, Emu, 42, p. 119). Oreoica cristata clelandii Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 376 — Coonalpyn, South Australia. Oreoica cristata westralensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 377— Broome Hill, southwestern Aus- tralia. Oreoica cristata lloydi Mathews, 1917, Ibis, p. 608 — Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Dry interior of the southern two-thirds of Australia, from Western Australia (from North West Cape and Point Cloates) through central Australia to Queensland, clinally merging into pallescens. Absent from the southwest and southeast corners and from the Nullarbor Plain. Oreoica gutturalis pallescens Mathews Oreoica cristata pallescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 8377 — Alexandra, Northern Territory. Oreoica cristata mungi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 377 — Mungi, 8 miles southeast of Mt. Alex- ander, south of Fitzroy River, West Kimberley District. Northwestern parts of Australia, from the DeGrey River drainage in Western Australia to the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria (Gilbert River). 6 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS PACHYCARE GOULD Pachycare Gould, 1876, Birds New Guinea, pt. 3, pl. 15. Type, by monotypy, Pachycephala flavogrisea Meyer. ef. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 146-147. PACHYCARE FLAVOGRISEA Pachycare flavogrisea flavogrisea (Meyer) Pachycephala flavogrisea Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 495 — Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. Hill forest, from 800 to 1,600 m., in western New Guinea in the Vogelkop and Wandammen Mountains; Sepik Moun- tains (subsp. ?). Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p. 157 — Utakwa River, Snow Mountains. Central New Guinea in Weyland Mountains (subsp.), southern slopes of Nassau Mountains, Oranje Mountains, and Victor Emanuel Mountains. Pachycare flavogrisea randi Gilliard Pachycare flavogrisea randi Gilliard, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2031, p. 2— 6 km. south of Bernhard Camp (1,200 m.), Idenburg River, northern slope of Snow Mountains. Known only from near type locality. Pachycare flavogrisea subpallida Hartert Pachycare flavogrisea subpallida Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 53 — Bihagi, Mambare River, southeastern New Guinea. Herzog and Saruwaged Mountains, and southeastern New Guinea. GENUS RHAGOLOGUS STRESEMANN AND PALUDAN Rhagologus Stresemann and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 45. Type, by monotypy, Pachycephala leucostigma Salvadori. cf. Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, pp. 6-8. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 147. PACH YCEPHALINAE {i RHAGOLOGUS LEUCOSTIGMA Rhagologus leucostigma leucostigma (Salvadori) Pachycephala leucostigma Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 933 — Arfak Mountains. Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak and Tamrau), New Guinea. Rhagologus leucostigma novus Rand Rhagologus leucostigma novus Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 7 — Weyland Mountains, 1,500 m., Netherlands New Guinea. Weyland and Nassau Mountains (Utakwa River), New Guinea. Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus Rand Rhagologus leucostigma obscurus Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 7 — Mafulu, 1,250 m., Central Divi- sion, southeastern New Guinea. Mountain forest, from 1,300 to 2,400 m., of southeastern and central New Guinea, westward on the southern slope to Mt. Goliath and on the northern slope to the Idenburg River; mountains of the Huon Peninsula. GENUS HYLOCITREA MATHEWS Hylocitrea Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 87. Type, by original designation, Pachycephala bonthaina Meyer and Wiglesworth. cf. Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 71-73. HYLOCITREA BONENSIS Hylocitrea bonensis bonensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Pachycephala bonensis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5, no. 4, p. 2— Bone Moun- tains, northern Celebes. Pachycephala pluviosa Riley, 1919, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, 32, p. 95 — Rano Rano, central Celebes. Mountains of northern, central, and southeastern Celebes. Hylocitrea bonensis bonthaina (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Pachycephala bonthaina Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6, no. 1, p. 10 — Bonthain Mountains, southern Celebes. Lompo Batang, southern Celebes. 8 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS PACHYCEPHALA VIGoRS Pachycephala! Vigors, 1825, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14, pt. 3, p. 444. Type, by original designation, Musci- capa pectoralis Latham. Timixos Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11, p. 194. Type, by monotypy, T. meruloides Blyth = Pachycephala olivacea Vigors and Horsfield. Hyloterpe Cabanis, 1847, Orn. Notiz., 2, p. 322. Type, by original designation, Hylocharis philomela Miiller = Pachycephala cinerea butaloides Stresemann. Gilbertornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 110. Type, by original designation, Pachycephala rufogu- laris Gould. Alisterornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 111. Type, by original designation, Pachycephala lanioides Gould. Mattingleya Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 111. Type, by original designation, Pachycephala peninsulae Hartert. Lewinornis Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 57. Type, by original designation, Sylvia rufiventris Latham. Coracornis Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31, p. 157. Type, by original designation, Coracornis ravent Riley. Musciterpe Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, Suppl., no. 2, Check-list, p. 131. Type, by original designation, Pachy- cephala simplex Gould. cf. Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, pp. 205-272. Stresemann, 1924, Journ. f. Orn., 72, pp. 540-542 (rufi- ventris) . Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, pp. 1-22 (Solomon Islands). Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, pp. 1-23 (Polynesia). Parsons and McGilp, 19385, Emu, 35, pp. 113-126 (inornata; rufogularis). 1 Muscitrea Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 121, is unidentifiable because the type species, Tephrodornis grisola Blyth, is unidentifiable. — E. M. PACHYCEPHALINAE 9 Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 69-71 (Celebes) . Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 147-153. van Bemmel, 1948, Treubia, 19, pp. 340-342 (Moluccas). Condon, 1951, South Australia Orn., 20, pp. 39-41 (South Australia). Mayr, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1653, pp. 1-22 (Aus- tralian species). Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, pp. 34-35 (northern Melanesia) . Galbraith, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 4, pp. 131-222 (pectoralis). Rand and Rabor, 1960, Fieldiana: Zool., 35, pp. 433-434 (philippensis) . Mees, 1964, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 47, pp. 92-95 (Western Australia). PACHYCEPHALA RAVENI Pachycephala raveni (Riley) Coracornis raveni Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 31, p. 157 — Rano Rano, central Celebes. Mountains of central Celebes, of the southeastern pen- insula, and of the Matinan Mountains. PACHYCEPHALA RUFINUCHA Pachycephala rufinucha rufinucha Sclater Pachycephala rufinucha Sclater, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1873), p. 692 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains. Mountains of the Vogelkop, New Guinea. Pachycephala rufinucha niveifrons Hartert Pachycephala rufinucha niveifrons Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 57 — Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains. Wandammen, Weyland, Nassau, Oranje, Sepik, Victor Emanuel, Hagen, Kubor, and Bismarck Mountains, New Guinea. Pachycephala rufinucha lochmia Mayr Pachycephala rufinucha lochmia Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 674— Ogeramnang, Saruwaged Mountains. Huon Peninsula (Saruwaged Mountains), New Guinea. 10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala rufinucha gamblei Rothschild Pachycephala gamblei Rothschild, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 7, p. 22 — Mt. Cameron, Owen Stanley Mountains. Pachycephala rufinucha prasinonota Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 674 — Dawong, Herzog Moun- tains. Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA TENEBROSA Pachycephala tenebrosa tenebrosa Rothschild Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 20 — Mt. Goliath, Oranje Range. Melanorhectes umbrinus Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 125 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains. From the Weyland Mountains (upper Wanggar River) along the southern slope of the Snow Mountains to Mt. Goliath and the Hindenburg and Sepik Mountains, New Guinea (Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, p. 489). Pachycephala tenebrosa atra Rothschild Pachycephala tenebrosa atra Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 260—Gebroeder Mountains, 6,000 ft., Weyland Mountains. From the Gebroeder Mountains (upper Siriwo River) along the northern slope of the Snow Mountains to the Idenburg River, New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA OLIVACEA Pachycephala olivacea olivacea Vigors and Horsfield Pachycephala olivacea Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 241 —no type locality; Tas- mania designated by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 261. Pachycephala olivacea tregellasi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 8315 — Olinda, Victoria. Southern coastal New South Wales, southern Victoria, extreme southeast of South Australia, and Tasmania, in- cluding Flinders Island. Pachycephala olivacea macphersoniana White Pachycephala olivacea macphersonianus H. L. White, 1920, Emu, 19, p. 273 — Macpherson Range, at New South Wales and Queensland border. PACH YCEPHALINAE 11 Mountains of New South Wales (e.g., Mt. Wilson; Bar- rington Top) and southern Queensland (Macpherson Range). Largely confined to Nothofagus beech forest at and above 3,000 feet. PACHYCEPHALA RUFOGULARIS Pachycephala rufogularis Gould Pachycephala rufogularis Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1840), p. 164 — Adelaide, South Australia. Gilbertornis rufogularis zanda Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 59 — Gerahmin, mallee of Victoria. Very local in mallee country of northwestern Victoria and adjacent South Australia. PACHYCEPHALA INORNATA Pachycephala inornata inornata Gould Pachycephala inornata Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1840), p. 164 — “‘belts of the Murray in South Australia.” Gilbertornis gilberti mallee Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 130 — Gerahmin, Mallee, Victoria. From the Gawler Ranges and the Eyre Peninsula to the mallee and open forest of Victoria and New South Wales (Cowra, Nymagee, Dubbo, etc.) to the western foot of the Great Dividing Range. Pachycephala inornata gilbertii Gould Pachycephala Gilbertii Gould, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 107 — Western Australia; restricted to York District by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Australasianarum, 2, p. 676. In the lightly timbered and mallee areas of southwestern Australia east to the Nullarbor Plain. PACHYCEPHALA HYPOXANTHA Pachycephala hypoxantha hypoxantha (Sharpe) Hyloterpe hypoxantha Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 451 — Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo. Mountains of northern Borneo, from Kinabalu, south to northern Sarawak. Pachycephala hypoxantha sarawacensis Chasen Pachycephala hypoxantha sarawacensis Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., 10, p. 44 — Mt. Poi, West Sarawak. Restricted to Poi Range in West Sarawak, Borneo. 12 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD PACHYCEPHALA CINEREA Pachycephala cinerea cinerea (Blyth)? M[uscitrea] cinerea Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 122 — Island of Ramree, Arracan. Bay of Bengal, from near Calcutta, eastward along coast to Burma and Thailand, south to Langkawi Islands, Anda- man Islands, and Mergui Archipelago. Pachycephala cinerea vandepolli Finsch Pachycephala Vandepolli Finsch, 1899, Notes Leyden Mus., 20 (1898), p. 224 — Tello Island, Batu Islands. Muscitrea grisola nesiotis Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 11 — Simalur Island. Southern Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia, eastern coasts of the Malay Peninsula, Riouw Archipelago, Barussan Islands, and west Sumatran Islands. Pachycephala cinerea butaloides Stresemann Pachycephala grisola butaloides Stresemann, 1929, Treubia, 11, p. 185 — Bolang, western Java. Bangka, Billiton, south Borneo, Kangean, Java, Bali, and Lombok. Pachycephala cinerea secedens Stresemann Pachycephala grisola secedens Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, p. 355—Sirhassen Island, South Natuna Islands. Borneo (north), North Bornean Islands; Maratua Islands, Natuna Islands, and Karimata Islands. Pachycephala cinerea homeyeri (Blasius) Hyloterpe Homeyeri Blasius, 1890, Journ. f. Orn., 38, p. 143 — Jolo, Sulu. Bongao, Sibutu, Sulu, and Tawi-tawi, Sulu Islands, and Siamil Island, Borneo. Pachycephala cinerea plateni (Blasius) Hyloterpe plateni Blasius, 1888 (1 March), Braunschwei- gische Anzeigen, no. 52, p. 467 — Palawan. Hyloterpe whiteheadi Sharpe, 1888 (April), Ibis, p. 198 — Palawan. Palawan. 1 Tephrodornis grisola Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 121 — Calcutta, is unidentifiable. — E. M. PACH YCEPHALINAE 13 Pachycephala cinerea winchelli (Bourns and Worcester) Hyloterpe winchelli Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Minne- sota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers, 1, p. 21— Panay, Masbate, Negros. Hyloterpe major Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers, 1, p. 22 — Cebu, Tablas, Sibuyan. Cebu, Masbate, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, Tablas, and Ticao, central Philippines. Pachycephala cinerea mindorensis (Bourns and Worcester) Hyloterpe mindorensis Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers, 1, p. 22 — Mindoro. Mindoro, Philippines. Pachycephala cinerea crissalis (Zimmer) Hyloterpe crissalis Zimmer, 1918, Philippine Journ. Sci., 13 (sec. D), p. 230 — Mount Banahao, Laguna Prov- ince, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Mount Banahao, south-central Luzon, Philippines. Pachycephala cinerea albiventris (Ogilvie-Grant) Hyloterpe albiventris Ogilvie-Grant, 1894 (June 30), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 49 — mountains of northern Luzon. Northern Luzon, Philippines. PACHYCEPHALA PHAIONOTA Pachycephala phaionota phaionota (Bonaparte) Myiolestes phaionotus Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 858 — Banda Islands. Banda, Seranlaut, northern Moluccas, Aru (Pulu Babi), Misol, Schildpad Island, Kofiau, Salawati, Sorong, Waigeu, and small islands in Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Pachycephala phaionota stresemanni Jany Pachycephala phaeonota stresemanni Jany, 1955, Journ. f. Orn., 96, p. 108 — Majau Island. Majau Island, northern Moluccas; validity doubtful. PACHYCEPHALA HYPERYTHRA Pachycephala hyperythra hyperythra Salvadori Pachycephala hyperythra Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. 14 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Genova, 7, p. 982 —Kapaur and Arfak Mountains; restricted to Arfak Mountains by Mayr, 1941, Birds New Guinea, p. 151. Vogelkop, Onin Peninsula, Wandammen and Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea. Pachycephala hyperythra sepikiana Stresemann Pachycephala hyperythra sepikiana Stresemann, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 36 — Maeanderberg, Sepik Mountains. Sepik Mountains and mountains south of the Mamberano, central New Guinea. Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi Rothschild and Hartert Pachycephala hyperythra reichenowi Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p. 178 — Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula. Saruwaged Mountains, northeastern New Guinea. Pachycephala hyperythra salvadorii Rothschild Pachycephala salvadorii Rothschild, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 7, p. 22 — Moroka District. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA MODESTA Pachycephala modesta modesta (De Vis) Poecilodryas modesta De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 101 — Mt. Maneao, 5,000 ft., south- eastern New Guinea. Pachycephala moroka Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 106 — Moroka District, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea and Herzog Mountains. Pachycephala modesta hypoleuca Reichenow Pachycephala hypoleuca Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 125 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains. Sepik and Saruwaged Mountains, northeastern New Guinea. Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis Gilliard and Lecroy Pachycephala modesta telefolminensis Gilliard and Le- croy, 1961, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 123, p. 61 — Mt. Ifal, Victor Emanuel Mountains. PACH YCEPHALINAE 15 Victor Emanuel and Hindenburg Mountains, central New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA PHILIPPINENSIS Pachycephala philippinensis fallax (McGregor) Hyloterpe fallax McGregor, 1904, Bull. Philippine Mus., 4, p. 27 — Calayan Island, Babuyanes Archipelago. Calayan, Philippines. Pachycephala philippinensis illex (McGregor) Hyloterpe illex McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2 (sec. A), p. 348 — Camiguin North. Camiguin North, Philippines. Pachycephala philippinensis philippinensis (Walden) Hyloterpe philippinensis Walden, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 252 — Luzon. Luzon, Philippines. Pachycephala philippinensis siquijorensis Rand and Rabor Pachycephala philippinensis siquijorensis Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool., 42, p. 15 — Siquijor Island. Siquijor, central Philippines. Pachycephala philippinensis apoensis (Mearns) Hyloterpe apoensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, 18, p. 86 — Mount Apo, 6,000 ft., Mindanao. ?Pachycephala philippinensis boholensis Parkes, 1966, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 86, p. 170 — Cantaub, Sierra Bul- lones, Bohol, Philippine Islands. Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Dinagat, and eastern and western Mindanao, west to Mt. Malindang, southern Philippines. Pachycephala philippinensis basilanica (Mearns) Hyloterpe apoensis basilanica Mearns, 1909, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, p. 442 — Basilan. Basilan and tip of Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines. PACHYCEPHALA SULFURIVENTER Pachycephala sulfuriventer sulfuriventer (Walden) Hyloterpe sulfuriventer Walden, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 9, p. 399 — Minahassa, north Celebes. Mountains of northern, central, and southeastern Celebes. 16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala sulfuriventer meridionalis Btittikofer Pachycephala meridionalis Biittikofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 168 — Macassar district, Celebes. Lompo Batang, southern Celebes. PACHYCEPHALA MEYERI Pachycephala meyeri Salvadori Pachycephala meyeri Salvadori, 1890, Agg. Orn. Papuasia Mol., p. 104 — Arfak Mountains. New name for Pachy- cephala affinis Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 200, preoccupied by Pachycephala affinis Meyer, 1874. Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tamrau), western New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA SOROR Pachycephala soror soror Sclater Pachycephala soror Sclater, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 692 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains. Mountains of the Vogelkop, New Guinea. Pachycephala soror klossi Ogilvie-Grant P{achycephala] soror klossi Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee Suppl., 2, p. 88 — Utakwa River, Snow Moun- tains. Weyland, Nassau, Oranje, Mamberano, Victor Emanuel, Hindenburg, Sepik, Bismarck and Kubor Mountains, and mountains of Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Pachycephala soror bartoni Ogilvie-Grant P{[achycephala] soror bartoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee Suppl., 2, p. 89 — Owen Stanley Range, British New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. Pachycephala soror remota Mayr and Van Deusen Pachycephala soror remota Mayr and Van Deusen, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1792, p. 4— Goodenough Island. Mountains of Goodenough Island. PACHYCEPHALA SIMPLEX Pachycephala simplex simplex Gould Pachycephala simplex Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- PACH YCEPHALINAE 17 don, 1842, p. 185 — Port Essington, Northern Terri- tory. Pachycephala grisola riordani Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 41 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Northern Territory, Australia, from Port Keats to Port Bradshaw; Melville Island and Groote Eylandt. Pachycephala simplex rufipennis Gray Pachycephala rufipennis Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 178 — Key Islands. Kei Islands. Pachycephala simplex gagiensis Mayr Pachycephala griseiceps gagiensis Mayr, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1091, p. 3 — Gagi Island. Gagi Island, west of Waigeu. Pachycephala simplex waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 153 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu Island and (? subsp.) the island of Gebe. Pachycephala simplex griseiceps Gray Pachycephala griseiceps G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 178 — Aru Islands. Pachycephala squalida Oustalet, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, 2, p. 56 — Amberbaken, Vogelkop. Pachycephala griseiceps rubiensis Meise, 1929, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 17 (1927-29), no. 4, p. 15 — Rubi, head of Geelvink Bay. Aru Islands, Misol, Salawati, Batanta, and Vogelkop east- ward to the head of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Pachycephala simplex miosnomensis Salvadori Pachycephala miosnomensis Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 15, p. 46 — Miosnom Island. Meos Num, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Pachycephala simplex jobiensis Meyer Pachycephala griseiceps var. jobiensis Meyer, 1874, Sit- zungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 394 — Jobi Island. Pachycephala griseiceps subflavidior Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 56 — Cyclops Mountains. 18 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Japen Island and northern New Guinea from the east coast of Geelvink Bay to Astrolabe Bay. Hybridizing with dubia in the hinterland of Astrolabe Bay. Pachycephala simplex perneglecta Hartert Pachycephala griseiceps perneglecta Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 56 — near Utakwa River, Snow Mountains. Foot of Weyland Mountains (southeastern Geelvink Bay), and southern New Guinea from the Mimika River to Galley Reach, west of Port Moresby, New Guinea. Pachycephala simplex peninsulae Hartert Eopsaltria (?) inornata Ramsay, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 604 — northeastern coast of Rocking- ham Bay, north Queensland; preoccupied by Pachy- cephala inornata Gould, 1841. Pachycephala peninsulae Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 83 — Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Pachycephala enidae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 317; new name for Hopsaltria (?) inornata Ramsay (not of Gould). Cape York Peninsula, south to Cairns District, northern Queensland, Australia. Pachycephala simplex dubia Ramsay Pachycephala dubia Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, p. 99. New name for Hopsaltria (?) brunnea Ramsay, 1877, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 391— Laloki River, southeastern New Guinea, preoccupied by Pachycephala brunnea Wallace, 1865. Southeastern New Guinea westward on the south coast to the Sogeri District and Laloki River and on the north coast to the Huon Peninsula (Saruwaged Mountains and upper Markham River); D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Fer- gusson, Goodenough, and Normanby Islands). Pachycephala simplex sudestensis (De Vis) Eopsaltria sudestensis De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1892, p. 96 — Sudest Island. Tagula [= Sudest] Island, Louisiade Archipelago. PACH YCEPHALINAE 19 PACHYCEPHALA ORPHEUS Pachycephala orpheus orpheus Jardine Pachycephala orpheus Jardine, 1849, Contrib. Orn., 2, pp. 129-1380 — Timor. Timor and (?) Semau. Pachycephala orpheus wetterensis Hellmayr Pachycephala orpheus wetterensis Hellmayr, 1914, Avif. von Timor, p. 35 — Wetter Island. Wetar Island. PACHYCEPHALA PECTORALIS! Pachycephala pectoralis teysmanni Biittikofer Pachycephala teysmanni Biittikofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 167 — ““Macassar, South Celebes,” in error for Salayer (Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 169). Salayer, south of Celebes. Pachycephala pectoralis everetti Hartert Pachycephala everetti Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 170 — Djampea Island. Pachycephala pectoralis atromaculata Meise, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 448 — Kalaotua. Djampea, Kalaotua, and Madu. Pachycephala pectoralis javana Hartert Pachycephala pectoralis javana Hartert, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 88 — Mt. Ardjuno, East Java. Java (east) ; Bali (intergrading with fulvotincta). Pachycephala pectoralis fulvotincta Wallace Pachycephala fulvotincta Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 492 — Flores. Sumbawa and Flores. Pachycephala pectoralis jubilarii Rensch Pachycephala pectoralis jubilarii Rensch, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., Erganzungsbd., 2, p. 202 — Alor Island. Alor, Pantar, and Lomblen, Lesser Sunda Islands. 1 For a monographic treatment see Galbraith, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 4, pp. 181-222. In the present listing a geographic sequence is in part adopted, for the sake of convenience, rather than one strictly based on assumed relationship. — E. M. 20 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala pectoralis fulviventris Hartert Pachycephala fulviventris Hartert, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 5, p. 47 — Sumba. Sumba. Pachycephala pectoralis calliope Bonaparte P{[achycephala] calliope Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1 (1850), p. 328 — Timor. Timor and Semau. Pachycephala pectoralis arthuri Hartert Pachycephala melanura arthuri Hartert, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 299 — Wetter Island. Wetar Island. Pachycephala pectoralis sharpei Meyer Pachycephala Sharpei Meyer, 1885, Abh. Naturwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884, p. 36 — Babbar Island. Babar Island, Banda Sea. Pachycephala pectoralis dammeriana Hartert Pachycephala melanura dammeriana Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 17 — Dammer Island. Damar Island, Banda Sea. Pachycephala pectoralis par Hartert Pachycephala par Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 211 — Roma Island. Roma Island. Pachycephala pectoralis compar Hartert Pachycephala par compar Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 212 — Letti Island. Letti and Moa Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis fuscoflava Sclater Pachycephala fusco-flava Sclater, 18838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 198 — Larat, Timorlaut. ; Larat and Yamdena, Tenimbar Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis macrorhynchus Strickland Pachycephala macrorhyncha Strickland, 1849, Contrib. Ornith., II, p. 91 — Amboyna. Amboina, southern Moluccas. PACH YCEPHALINAE 21 Pachycephala pectoralis alfurorum Stresemann Pachycephala ectoralis alfurorum Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 132 — Mount Sofia, central Ceram. Ceram, southern Moluccas. Pachycephala pectoralis buruensis Hartert Pachycephala melanura buruensis Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 32 — Buru. Buru, southern Moluccas. Pachycephala pectoralis clio Wallace Pachycephala clio Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 341— Sula Islands and Buru; restricted to Sula Islands by Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 33. Sula Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis pelengensis Neumann Pachycephala melanura pelengensis Neumann, 1941, Zool. Meded. Leiden, 23, p. 112 — Peleng. Peleng and Bangegai Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis obiensis Salvadori Pachycephala obiensis Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 330 — Obi. Obi, southern Moluccas. Pachycephala pectoralis tidorensis van Bemmel Pachycephala pectoralis tidorensis van Bemmel, 1939, Treubia, 17, p. 99 — Tidore. Tidore and Ternate. Pachycephala pectoralis mentalis Wallace Pachycephala mentalis Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 30— Batjan and Gilolo [= Halmahera] ; restricted to Batjan. Pachycephala pectoralis gilolonis Kuroda, 1938, Tori, 10, p. 114 — Halmahera. Batjan, Halmahera, and Morotai. Pachycephala pectoralis occidentalis Ramsay Pachycephala occidentalis Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2, p. 212— West Australia; re- stricted to Albany by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 209. 22 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala pectoralis interjecta Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 222— Stirling Ranges, South-West Australia. Southwestern Australia, north to the mouth of the Mur- chison River, east to Eucla, head of Australian Bight. Pachycephala pectoralis fuliginosa Vigors and Horsfield Pachycephala fuliginosa Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 241 — south coast of New Holland; restricted to Port Lincoln, South Aus- tralia, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 208. Pachycephala meridionalis North, 1904, Ree. Australian Mus., 5, p. 126 — Adelaide, South Australia (nec Biitti- kofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 168). Pachycephala halmaturina A. G. Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 140 — Kangaroo Island. Pachycephala pectoralis myponga Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 222 — Myponga, Fleurieu Peninsula. Pachycephala pectoralis bettingtonit Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 221 — Bellbird Bore, Victorian mallee. South Australia (Eyre and Fleurieu Peninsulas, and Kangaroo Island) and Victorian mallee, perhaps extending into mallee country of southwestern New South Wales. Pachycephala pectoralis glaucura Gould Pachycephala glaucura Gould, 1845, Birds Australia, 2, pt. 18 — Tasmania. Tasmania and islands in Bass Straits (King and Flinders Islands). Pachycephala pectoralis youngi Mathews Pachycephala gutturalis youngi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 313—Lal Lal (14 miles southeast of Ballarat), Victoria. Victoria, east of a line from Heytesburg to Castlemaine. Pachycephala pectoralis pectoralis (Latham) M[uscicapa] pectoralis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., Suppl., p. 51— Nova Hollandia; restricted to Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 208. Turdus gutturalis Latham, 1801, ibid., p. 41 (not of Miiller, 1776). New South Wales (generally not west of the Great Divide), except northeastern corner. PACH YCEPHALINAE ie Pachycephala pectoralis ashbyi Mathews Pachycephala gutturalis ashbyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 313 — Blackall Range, South Queensland. Southern Queensland, from Blackall and Bunya Moun- tains north to Proserpine and Bowen, south into northern- most New South Wales (Grafton). Pachycephala pectoralis queenslandica Reichenow Pachycephala queenslandica Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., pp. 7, 8— North Queensland; restricted to Bellenden Ker Range by Mathews, 1920, Birds Aus- tralia, 8, p. 209. Pachycephala mestoni De Vis, 1905, Ann. Queensland Mus., 6, p. 44 — Mount Sophia, Bellenden Ker Range. Northern Queensland, from Cardwell and Tully north to Big Tableland, Helenvale, south of Cooktown. Pachycephala pectoralis contempta Hartert Pachycephala contempta Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 15 — Lord Howe Island. Pachycephala howensis North, 1904, Rec. Australian Mus., 5, p. 125 — Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island. Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta Gould Pachycephala xanthoprocta Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 3, pl. 53 — New South Wales [error = Norfolk Island]. Norfolk Island. Pachycephala pectoralis bynoei! Mathews Pachycephala melanura bynoei Mathews, 1918, Austral 1 Exceedingly different subspecies groups of pectoralis approach each other so closely at various places (without mixing) as to raise the suspicion of specific distinction. I. C. J. Galbraith informs me that birds of the melanura type (probably spinicauda) were collected on the Queensland coast at Edgecumbe Bay, near Bowen, and at Spring- cliff, near Mackay, and apparently also on islands of the Whitsunday group. They are separated from the pectoralis of the mainland forest (ashbyi, queenslandica) only by habitat. A similar situation prevails for dahli and citreogaster in the Bismark Archipelago. If melanura had to be separated from pectoralis, the following subspecies would have to be included with melanura: bynoei, melanura, hilli, violetae, spinicauda, balim, and dahli. Yet, melanura and pectoralis are far 24 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Avian Rec., 3, p. 186— Port Hedland, midwestern Australia. Midwestern Australia from North West Cape to the De Grey River. Pachycephala pectoralis melanura Gould Pachycephala melanura Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1842, p. 184 — north coast of Australia; restricted to Derby, west Kimberley District, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 229. King Sound and Roebuck Bay, northwestern Australia. Pachycephala pectoralis hilli (Campbell) Eopsaltria hilli A. J. Campbell, 1910, Emu, 10, p. 168 — Hecla Island, Parry Harbour, northwestern Australia. Known only from Napier Broome Bay and Hecla Island (off Cape Bougainville), northwestern Australia. Pachycephala pectoralis violetae Mathews Pachycephala gutturalis violetae Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 76 — Daly River, western Northern Territory. Pachycephala gutturalis consobrina Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral. Avian Rec., 1, p. 76— Buchanan Inlet, Melville Island, Northern Territory. Pachycephala gutturalis longirostris Zietz, 1914, South Australian Orn., 1, p. 15 — Melville Island, Northern Territory. Pachycephala robusta borroloola Mathews, 1918, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 187 — Borroloola, McArthur River, Northern Territory. Pachycephala robusta intercedens Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 227 — Normanton, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. Melville Island and coast of Northern Territory from Bonaparte Gulf in the west eastward along the Gulf of Carpentaria at least to mouth of Staaten River. Pachycephala pectoralis spinicauda (Pucheran) Pteruthius spinicaudus Pucheran, 18538, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 58 — Warrior Island, Torres Straits. more similar to each other than are many races of pectoralis. Although the separation in the areas of contact is primarily by habitat selection, there is no record of their actually breeding at the same place. — E. M. PACH YCEPHALINAE 25 Pachycephala robusta Masters, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 49 — Cape York, Queensland. Islands of Torres Straits, and southern New Guinea from Merauke at least to Yule Island and Hall Sound, probably intergrading with dahli between Hall Sound and Milne Bay. Cape York Peninsula, south at least to Cape Grenville and Haggerstone Island; (subsp.?) mangroves of Queensland east coast (Bowen and Mackay districts). Pachycephala pectoralis balim Rand Pachycephala pectoralis balim Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 8 — Balim River, 1,600 m., Oranje Mountains. Known from the Balim and Bele valleys, between 1,600 and 2,400 meters, on the north slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina, Oranje Mountains, New Guinea. Pachycephala pectoralis dahli Reichenow Pachycephala melanura dahli Reichenow, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5, p. 178 — Credner Islands, Bismarck Archi- pelago. ? Pachycephala innominata Salvadori, 1881, Orn. Papuasia Mol., 2, p. 222— Teste Island, southeastern New Guinea (unidentifiable, see Galbraith, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 4, p. 206). Pachycephala pectoralis neuhausi Stresemann, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 24 — Malie, Lihir Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis fergussonis Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869, p. 2 — Fergusson Island. Islands off tip of southeastern New Guinea (? Teste Island), Fergusson Island, Long Island, Witu Islands, islands in Bungula Bay (New Britain), Talele, Uatom, Duke of York Islands, Credner (Palikuru) Islands, shores of Blanche Bay (New Britain), Nusa Island (off Kavieng, New Ireland), Malie (Lihir group), and Nissan Island. Pachycephala pectoralis collaris Ramsay Pachycephala collaris Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, p. 74 — “‘Courtance Island,” southeast coast of New Guinea. Pachycephala pectoralis misimae Rothschild and Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p. 311 — Misima (St. Aignan) Island. 26 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Teste Island (?) and ‘‘Courtance Island” (?), Conflict group (Panasesa), Bonvouloir group (East, Hastings), Egum Islands (Alcester), Deboyne group (Pani-pom-pom), and Misima, Louisiade Archipelago. Pachycephala pectoralis rosseliana Hartert Pachycephala rosseliana Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 8 — Rossel Island. Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Pachycephala pectoralis citreogaster Ramsay Pachycephala citreogaster Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 1, p. 66 — New Britain. Pachycephala finschi Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 8 — Ralum, New Britain. Rook (Umboi), New Britain, Nusa, New Ireland, and New Hanover. Pachycephala pectoralis sexuvaria Rothschild and Hartert Pachycephala pectoralis sexuvaria Rothschild and Har- tert, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 50 —DSt. Matthias Island. St. Matthias Island (Mussau). Pachycephala pectoralis goodsoni Rothschild and Hartert Pachycephala pectoralis goodsoni Rothschild and Hartert, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 296— Manus, Admiralty Islands. Admiralty Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis tabarensis Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis tabarensis Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 35— Tabar Island, Tabar group. Tabar Island, Tabar group. Pachycephala pectoralis ottomeyeri Stresemann Pachycephala pectoralis ottomeyeri Stresemann, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 41, p. 116 — Lihir Island. Lihir Island, Lihir group. Pachycephala pectoralis whitneyi Hartert Pachycephala pectoralis whitneyi Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 14 — Whitney Island, west of Shortland Island, British Solomon Islands. PACH YCEPHALINAE PAL Whitney Island, Momalufu, and Akiki (off Shortland Island), Solomon Islands; hybrid population. Pachycephala pectoralis bougainvillei Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis bougainvillei Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 10 — Bougainville Island, Solo- mon Islands. Buka, Bougainville, and Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis orioloides Pucheran Pachycephala orioloides Pucheran, 1858, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., 3, p. 57 — “Iles Solomon (San Jorge),”’ based on op. cit., Atlas Zool., pl. 5, fig. 3. Choiseul, Molakobi, Ysabel, and Florida Islands, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis cinnamomea (Ramsay) Pseudorectes cinnamomeum Ramsay, 1879 (June 5), Nature, p. 125 — Gaudalcana [= Guadalcanal], British Solomon Islands. Guadalcanal and Beagle Islands, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis sanfordi Mayr Pachycephala sanfordi Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504, p. 22 — Malaita Island. Malaita Island, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis pavuvu Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis pavuvu Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 15— Banika Island, Pavuvu or Russel group, British Solomon Islands. Banika, Pavuvu, and Moie, Pavuvu or Russel group, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis centralis Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis centralis Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 15 — Vangunu Island, central Solo- mon Islands. Kulambangra, New Georgia, Vangunu, and Gatukai Islands, eastern part of New Georgia group, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis feminina Mayr Pachycephala feminina Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 486, p. 25 — Rennell Island. Rennell Island. 28 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala pectoralis melanoptera Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis melanoptera Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 18 — Tetipari, central Solomon Islands. Rendova and Tetipari Islands, southern part of New Georgia group, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis melanonota Hartert Pachycephala melanonota Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 106 — Vella Lavella Island, British Solomon ~ Islands. Vella Lavella and Ganonga Islands, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis christophori Tristram Pachycephalus christophori Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 441 — Makira Harbour, San Cristobal Island, British Solomon Islands. San Cristobal and Santa Anna Islands, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis littayei Layard Pachycephala Littayei Layard, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 1, p. 375 — Lifu. Lifu and Uvea Islands, Loyalty Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis cucullata (Gray) Eopsaltria cucullata Gray, 1859, Cat. Birds Trop. Islands Pacific, p. 21 — Aneiteum. Aneiteum Island, southern New Hebrides. Pachycephala pectoralis chlorura Gray Pachycephala chlorurus Gray, 1859, Cat. Birds Trop. Islands Pacific, p. 20—-New Hebrides (Erromango, Aneiteum) ; restricted to Erromango by Mayr, 19382, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 3. Erromango, New Hebrides. Pachycephala pectoralis intacta Sharpe Pachycephala intacta Sharpe, 1900, Ibis, p. 343 — Sand- wich Bay, Mallicolo (Malekula) , New Hebrides. Pachycephala pectoralis banksiana Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 6 — Vanua Lava, Banks Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis brunneipectus Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 4— Epi Island, New Hebrides. Pachycephala pectoralis efatensis Mayr, 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 986, p. 2 — Efate Island, New Hebrides. PACHYCEPHALINAE 29 Banks Islands, northern and central New Hebrides, south to Efate. Pachycephala pectoralis vanikorensis Oustalet P.(achycephala) vanikorensis Oustalet, 1877, Bull. Soe. Philom. Paris, ser. 6, 11 (1875), p. 95 — Vanikoro Island. Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis utupuae Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis utupuae Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 8 — Utupua, Santa Cruz Islands. Utupua Island, Santa Cruz Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis ornata Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis ornata Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 8 — Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands. Santa Cruz, Swallow Islands, Reef Islands, and Duff Islands, northern Santa Cruz Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis kandavensis Ramsay Pachycephala kandavensis Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 65 — Kandavu, Fiji Islands. Kandavu group (Vanua kula, Kandavu, and Ono) and Mbengha Island, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis lauana Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis lawana Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 12 — Ongea Levu, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Islands. Ongea Levu, Fulanga and Wangava Islands, southern Lau Archipelago. Pachycephala (pectoralis) melanops (Pucheran) Eopsaltria melanops Pucheran, 1853, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., 3, p. 56 — Vavao, Tonga Islands. Vavau group (Vavau, Kapa, Ava, and Euakava) and Late, Tonga Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis vitiensis Gray Pachycephala vitiensis Gray, 1859, Cat. Birds Trop. Islands Pacific, p. 20 — Ngau, Fiji. Ngau, Fiji Islands. 30 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 14 — Vatu vara Island. Vatu vara, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis koroana Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis koroana Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 531, p. 15 — Koro Island, Fiji Islands. Koro, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis torquata Layard Pachycephala torquata Layard, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 150 — Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands. Taviuni, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis ambigua Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis ambigua Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 5381, p. 16 — Rambi Island, Fiji Islands. Rambi Island, Kio Island, and Thakaundrove Peninsula of Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis optata Hartlaub Pachycephala (?) optata Hartlaub, 1866, Ibis, p. 172 — Ovalau Island. ? Pachycephala intermedia Layard, 1876, Ibis, p. 154 — Tai Levu, northeastern Viti Levu. Ovalau, and adjacent southeastern coast of Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis graeffii Hartlaub Pachycephala graeffii Hartlaub, 1866, Ibis, p. 172 — Viti Levu, Fiji. Viti Levu and Waia Islands, Fiji Islands. Pachycephala pectoralis aurantiiventris Seebohm Pachycephala aurantiiventris Seebohm, 1891, Ibis, p. 96 — Bua, Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands. Yanganga Island and Vanua Levu (except southeastern peninsula), Fiji Islands. PACHYCEPHALA FLAVIFRONS Pachycephala flavifrons (Peale) Eopsaltria flavifrons Peale, 1848, U. S. Exploring Exped., ed. 1, 8, p. 96 — Upolu, Samoa. Upolu and Savaii, Samoa Islands. PACH YCEPHALINAE 31 PACHYCEPHALA CALEDONICA Pachycephala caledonica (Gmelin) Muscicapa caledonica Gmelin, 1788, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 18, 1, pt. 2, p. 944 — New Caledonia [= Olive Flycatcher of Latham, 1783, Gen. Synop. Birds, 2, pt. 1, p. 342, NOLO. New Caledonia. PACHYCEPHALA IMPLICATA Pachycephala implicata implicata Hartert Pachycephala implicata Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 13 — Guadalcanal Island (see also Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 2). Mountains of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Pachycephala implicata richardsi Mayr Pachycephala implicata richardsi Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 522, p. 8— Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands. Mountains of Bougainville, Solomon Islands. PACHYCEPHALA NUDIGULA Pachycephala nudigula ilsa Rensch Pachycephala nudigula ilsa Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 10 — Sumbawa. Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands. Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert Pachycephala nudigula Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 171 — south Flores. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. PACHYCEPHALA LORENTZI Pachycephala lorentzi Mayr Pachycephala schlegelui lorentzi1 Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 673. New name for Poecilodryas caniceps pectoralis van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 2138 — Hellwig Mountains, Oranje Mountains, preoccupied by Muscicapa (= Pachycephala) pectoralis Latham, 1801. 1 The species status of this form was established by Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 13. — E. M. 32 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Forest from 1,800 m. to 3,800 m. in Snow Mountains, mountains on upper Mamberano (Doormanpaad), and Victor Emanuel and Hindenburg Mountains, New Guinea. PACHYCEPHALA SCHLEGELII Pachycephala schlegelii schlegelii Schlegel Pachycephala Schlegelii Schlegel (ex Rosenberg MS), 1871, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4 (1878), p. 48 — “Interior New Guinea” [= Arfak Mountains]. Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tamrau) and Wan- dammen Mountains, western New Guinea. Pachycephala schlegelii cyclopum Hartert Pachycephala schlegelii cyclopum Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 54 — Cyclops Mountains. Cyclops Mountains, New Guinea. Pachycephala schlegelii obscurior Hartert Pachycephala schlegeli obscurior Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 15 — Eafa District, Owen Stanley Moun- tains. Poecilodryas caniceps De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 377 — moun- tains of southeastern New Guinea. Pachycephala sororcula De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 380 — moun- tains of southeastern New Guinea. Pachycephala schlegelii viridipectus Hartert and Paludan, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, p. 203 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains. Mountain ranges of central and eastern New Guinea, from Weyland Mountains eastward; mountains of Huon Pen- insula. PACHYCEPHALA AUREA Pachycephala aurea Reichenow Pachycephala aurea Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 131 — Ramu River, northern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea in the upper Ramu Valley, southern slopes of central ranges (Mimika, Setekwa, and Noord Rivers), and Weyland Mountains. PACHYCEPHALA RUFIVENTRIS Pachycephala rufiventris kebirensis Meyer Pachycephala kebirensis Meyer, 1885, Abh. Naturwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884, p. 35 — Kebir (Babar) Island. Roma, Moa, Babar, and Damar (? subsp.) Islands. PACH YCEPHALINAE 33 Pachycephala rufiventris arctitorquis Sclater Pachycephala arctitorquis Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 55 — Larat, Tenimbar. Islands of the Tenimbar group. Pachycephala rufiventris tianduana Hartert Pachycephala tianduana Hartert, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 11, p. 53 — Tiandou Island, west of Key Islands. Tayandu, western Kei Islands. Pachycephala rufiventris falcata Gould Pachycephala falcata Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842, p. 134— Port Essington, Coburg Peninsula, Northern Territory. Pachycephala rufiventris minor Zietz, 1914, South Aus- tralian Orn., 1, p. 15 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Melville Island and adjacent part of Northern Territory, Australia. Pachycephala rufiventris colletti Mathews Pachycephala rufiventris colletti Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 41 — Parry’s Creek, East Kimberley, northwestern Australia. Northwestern Australia (West and East Kimberley Dis- tricts) and the interior of Northern Territory, east to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Pachycephala rufiventris pallida Ramsay Pachycephala pallida Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2, p. 224 — Gulf of Carpentaria, Queens- land and southward to George Town. Head of Gulf of Carpentaria, from Normanton to George- town. Pachycephala rufiventris dulcior (Mathews) Lewinornis rufiventris dulcior Mathews, 1920, Birds Aus- tralia, 8, p. 244 — Watson River, western shore of Cape York, Queensland. North Queensland, from Cape York to Townsville. Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris (Latham) S[ylvia] rufiventris Latham, 1801, Index Ornith., suppl.. p. 54—Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New 34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD South Wales, by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 235. Lewinornis rufiventris didimus Mathews, 1918, Austral Avian Ree., 3, p. 159 — South West Australia. Lewinornis rufiventris gawlerensis Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 244 — Wataker, Gawler Ranges, South Australia. Lewinornis rufiventris waddelli Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 244 — Warunda Creek, Eyre Peninsula. Southern Australia, northward in the west to midwestern Australia (Fortescue River), and in the east to the Cairns District; leaves Victoria and most of New South Wales in winter. Pachycephala rufiventris maudeae (White) Lewinornis rufiventris maudeae S. A. White, 1915, Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia, 39, p. 749 — Officer Creek, west of Everard Ranges, South Australia. Central Australia. Pachycephala rufiventris xanthetraea (Forster) Muscicapa xanthetraea Forster, 1844, Descr. Anim., p. 268 — New Caledonia. Pachycephala assimilis Verreaux and des Murs, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], p. 394 — Morari, New Caledonia. New Caledonia. Pachycephala rufiventris cinerascens Salvadori Pachycephala cinerascens Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 332 — Ternate, Tidore, and Morotai. Batjan, Ternate, Tidore, and Morotai, northern Moluccas. Pachycephala rufiventris johni Hartert Pachycephala johni Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 12 — Obi Major Island. Obi Major, Moluccas. Pachycephala rufiventris lineolata Wallace Pachycephala lineolata Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1862, p. 341— Sula and Buru Islands; re- stricted to Sula by Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 14. Sula Islands, PACH YCEPHALINAE 35 Pachycephala rufiventris examinata Hartert Pachycephala examinata Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 14 — Buru. Buru, southern Moluccas. Pachycephala rufiventris griseonota Gray Pachycephala griseonota Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1861, p. 429— Mysol Island [error for Ceram, southern Moluccas]. Ceram, southern Moluccas. Pachycephala rufiventris kuehni Hartert Pachycephala kuehni Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 14 — Tual, Little Key Island. Little Kei Islands. Pachycephala rufiventris monacha Gray Pachycephala ? monacha Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 179 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Pachycephala rufiventris dorsalis Ogilvie-Grant Pachycephala dorsalis Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 26 — Mimika River, New Guinea. Mountains of New Guinea, from the Snow and Victor Emanuel ranges to the Owen Stanley Mountains. In south- eastern New Guinea hybridizes with leucogaster (Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, p. 352). Pachycephala rufiventris leucogaster Salvadori and D’AI- bertis Pachycephala leucogastra Salvadori and D’Albertis, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 822 — Mt. Epa, south- eastern New Guinea. South coast of southeastern New Guinea from Hall Sound to Port Moresby. Pachycephala rufiventris meeki Hartert Pachycephala meeki Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 15 — Rossel Island. Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago. PACHYCEPHALA LANIOIDES Pachycephala lanioides carnaroni (Mathews) Alisterornis lanioides carnaroni Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 75 — Carnaron, midwestern Australia. 36 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Known only from Carnaron, Shark Bay, Western Aus- tralia. Pachycephala lanioides bulleri Mayr Pachycephala lanioides bullert Mayr, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1653, p. 8 — De Grey River, Western Aus- tralia. Mangroves of rivers, including the De Grey River, along coast of midwestern Australia (see Mees, 1964). Pachycephala lanioides lanioides Gould Pachycephala Lanioides Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 18389, p. 142 — northwest coast of Australia; re- stricted to Derby by Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia, 8, p. 255. Kimberley District, northwestern Australia. Pachycephala lanioides fretorum De Vis P{[achycephala| fretorum De Vis, 1889, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 6, p. 237 — ‘“‘Kimberley” [= Karumba, near Normanton], Gulf of Carpentaria. Pachycephala lanioides buchanani Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 77 — Buchanan Inlet, Melville Island, Northern Territory. Northern Territory, from Melville Island eastward along Gulf of Carpentaria at least to Moonlight Creek, 40 miles northwest of Burketown (Queensland). GENUS COLLURICINCLA! VIGORS AND HORSFIELD Colluricincla Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Linn. Soc. Lon- don, 15, p. 213. Type, by monotypy, Colluricincla cinerea = Turdus harmonicus Latham. Myjiolestes Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 358. Type, by subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1881, Orn. Papuasia Mol., 2, p. 208), Muscicapa mega- rhyncha Quoy and Gaimard (see Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 675). Bowyeria Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 114. Type, by original designation, Collyriocincla bowert Ramsay. 1 The species C. megarhyncha connects Pachycephala with Col- luricincla; ef. C. megarhyncha fortis and discolor with Pachycephala simplex dubia and sudestensis. — E. M. PACH YCEPHALINAE on Caleya Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 59. Type, by original designation, Colluricincla rufogaster Gould. Conigravea Mathews, 1918, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 59. Type, by original designation, Colluricincla parvula conigravi Mathews. Alphacincla Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 110. Type, by original designation, Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert. cf. Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia, 10, pp. 276-319. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 153-156. COLLURICINCLA MEGARHYNCHA Colluricincla megarhyncha sanghirensis (Oustalet) Pinarolestes sanghirensis Oustalet, 1881, Bull. Soe. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, 5, p. 80 — Petta Island, Sangi Island. Sangi Island, near Celebes. Colluricincla megarhyncha affinis (Gray) Myiolestes affinis G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1861, p. 430 — Gagie [error for Waigeu]. Waigeu Island. Colluricincla megarhyncha batantae (Meise) Pinarolestes megarhynchus batantae Meise, 1929, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 17 (1927-1929), no. 4, p. 18 — Batanta. Batanta Island. Colluricincla megarhyncha misoliensis (Meise) Pinarolestes megarhynchus misoliensis Meise, 1929, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 17 (1927-1929), no. 4, p. 18 — Misol. Misol Island. Colluricincla megarhyncha megarhyncha (Quoy and Gai- mard) Muscicapa megarhyncha Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., 1, p. 172, pl. 3, fig. 1— Dorey [= Manokwari], Vogelkop. Salawati; western New Guinea from Vogelkop south to the Wandammen district and Onin Peninsula (Kapaur) ; (subsp.?) foot of Nassau and Oranje Mountains. 38 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Colluricincla megarhyncha ferruginea (Hartert and Palu- dan) Myiolestes megarhynchus ferrugineus Hartert and Palu- dan, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, p. 206 — Lower Menoo River, head of Geelvink Bay. Head of Geelvink Bay at foot of Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha aruensis (Gray) Myiolestes aruensis G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 180 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Colluricincla megarhyncha goodsoni (Hartert) Pinarolestes megarhynchus goodsoni Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 59 — Merauke, southern New Guinea. Merauke District, southern New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha wuroi (Mayr and Rand) Myiolestes megarhynchus wuroi Mayr and Rand, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, p. 247 — Wuroi, Oriomo River. Southern New Guinea from the Oriomo River to the More- head River. Colluricincla megarhyncha palmeri (Rand) Myjiolestes megarhynchus palmeri Rand, 1938, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 991, p. 10 — Palmer River, southern New Guinea. In the Fly River basin of New Guinea, from the head- waters along the west bank to Lake Daviumbu, at the east bank to its mouth (Gaima). Colluricincla megarhyncha despecta (Rothschild and Har- tert) Pinarolestes megarhynchus despectus Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 100— Milne Bay, southeastern New Guinea. South coast of southeastern New Guinea from Milne Bay westward at least to the Hall Sound and Angabunga River (Purari River?). Colluricincla megarhyncha superflua (Rothschild and Har- tert) Pinarolestes megarhynchus superfluus Rothschild and PACH YCEPHALINAEF 39 Hartert, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 205 — Kumusi River, British New Guinea. North coast of southeastern New Guinea from Colling- wood Bay to the Aicora River. Colluricincla megarhyncha nea (Mayr) Myiolestes megarhynchos neos Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 716 — Malalo, near Salamoa, south coast of Huon Gulf. Herzog Mountains, south coast of Huon Gulf, and upper Watut River, New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha madaraszi (Rothschild and Har- tert) Pinarolestes megarhyncha madaraszi Rothschild and Har- tert, 1908, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 100 — Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula. Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha tappenbecki Reichenow Colluricincla tappenbecki Reichenow, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 118 — Friedrich Wilhelms Hafen [= Madang], Astrolabe Bay. Pinarolestes dissimilis Madarasz, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 2— Erima, Astrolabe Bay. From Astrolabe Bay, the upper Ramu and central high- lands (Wahgi Valley) westward to lower and middle Sepik River, northeastern New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha maeandrina (Stresemann) Pinarolestes megarhynchos maeandrinus Stresemann, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 36 — Maeanderberg, Sepik Valley. Upper Sepik River (Maeanderberg), and Victor Emanuel Mountains, northeastern New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha idenburgi (Rand) Myiolestes megarhynchus idenbergi Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 9 — 7 km. southwest of Bern- hard Camp, Idenburg River, Netherlands New Guinea. Slopes south of the Idenburg River (850 to 1,200 m.), northern New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha hybrida (Meise) Pinarolestes megarhynchus hybridus Meise, 1929, Abh. 40 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ber. Mus. Dresden, 17 (1927-1929), no. 4, p. 17 — Tana Mera, north New Guinea. Between Humboldt Bay and the Mamberano River, north- ern New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha obscura (Meyer) Rectes Obscura A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 390 — Ansus, Jobi. Japen Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha melanorhyncha (Meyer) Myjiolestes melanorhynchus A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 494 — Mysore Island. Biak Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Colluricincla megarhyncha fortis (Gadow) Pachycephala fortis Gadow, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 869 — Astrolabe Mountains [error for D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago]. D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Normanby, Fergusson and Goodenough Islands). Colluricincla megarhyncha trobriandi (Hartert) Pachycephala fortis trobriandi Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 286 — Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands. Trobriand Islands. Colluricincla megarhyncha discolor De Vis Colluricincla discolor De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1888-89, p. 60 — Sudest Island. Tagula [= Sudest], Louisiade Archipelago. Colluricincla megarhyncha griseata (Gray) Myiolestes griseatus Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 180 — Cape York and Dunk’s Island. Islands off Cape York Peninsula (Albany, Thursday) and Dunk Island, Australia. Colluricincla megarhyncha normani (Mathews) Caleya megarhynchus normani Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 100— Norman River, Gulf of Car- pentaria. Cape York Peninsula and northernmost Queensland from the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria to Cooktown, Australia. PACHYCEPHALINAE Al Colluricincla megarhyncha parvissima Gould Colluricincla parvissima Gould, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 114 — Rockingham Bay. Cairns district, northern Queensland. Colluricincla megarhyncha gouldii (Gray) Myjiolestes Gould Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 180 — Brown’s River, northern slope of Carnavon Range, and Barnard Island. Collyriocincla cerviniventris North, 1897, Rec. Australian Mus., 3, p. 49 — Dawson River. Middle and southern Queensland, from Bowen to Moreton Bay (Brisbane). Colluricincla megarhyncha rufogaster Gould Colluricincla rufogaster Gould, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 80 — Richmond River, New South Wales. Northern New South Wales (Richmond and Clarence Rivers). COLLURICINCLA PARVULA Colluricincla parvula parvula Gould Colluricincla parvula Gould, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 62 — Port Essington. Colluricincla parvula alligator Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, 46 — Alligator River, Northern Terri- tory. Colluricincla parvula omissa Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 68 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Colluricincla parvula melvillensis Zietz, 1914, South Aus- tralian Orn., 1, p. 16 — Melville Island. Not C. brunnea melvillensis Zietz. Northern Territory and Melville Island. Colluricincla parvula conigravi Mathews Colluricincla parvula conigravi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rece., 1, p. 94 — Admiralty Gulf. Kimberley District (Admiralty Gulf), northwestern Aus- tralia. COLLURICINCLA BOWERI Colluricincla boweri (Ramsay) Collyriocincla bowerit Ramsay, 1885, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 10, p. 244 — Cairns, Queensland. 42 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Bowyeria boweri kuranda Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 61 — Kuranda, northern Queensland. Cairns District in northern Queensland (Cardwell to Cooktown), Australia. COLLURICINCLA HARMONICA! Colluricincla harmonica roebucki Mathews Colluricincla brunnea roebucki Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 94 — Roebuck Bay, northwestern Aus- tralia. Roebuck Bay, Western Australia. Colluricincla harmonica parryi Mathews Colluricincla brunnea parryi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 46 — Parry’s Creek. Kimberley District from King Sound (Fitzroy River) to Cambridge Gulf and mouth of the Victoria River. Colluricincla harmonica julietae (Mathews) Colluricincla brunnea julietae Mathews, 1942, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 27 (1940-41), p. 77 — Sturt Creek (19° S., 128° E.). Interior of northwestern Australia. Colluricincla harmonica brunnea Gould Colluricincla brunnea Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1840, p. 164 —northwestern coast of Australia [= Port Essington, Northern Territory]. Collyriocincla pallidirostris Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 293 — Port Essington, Northern Territory. Colluricincla brunnea melvillensis Zietz, 1914, South Aus- tralian Orn., 1, p. 16 — Melville Island. Northern Territory, east about to Burketown; Melville Island and Groote Eylandt. Colluricincla harmonica superciliosa Masters Colluricincla superciliosa Masters, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 1, p. 50 — Cape Grenville, northern Queensland. 1 Sometimes treated as three species: brunnea (with roebuckti, parryi, superciliosa, and tachycrypta) ; harmonica (with pallescens, strigata, halmaturina, and ? anda); and rufiventris (with whiter and murchisoni).— E. M. PACH YCEPHALINAE 43 Colluricincla brunnea caloola Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 10 — Caloola, Leichhardt River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. Colluricincla phaea flavescens Mathews and Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 154 — Mallan, Clon- curry District, northern Queensland. Northern Queensland, from the Gulf of Carpentaria (Leichhardt River) to Cape York. Colluricincla harmonica tachycrypta Rothschild and Har- tert Colluricincla brunnea tachycrypta Rothschild and Hartert, 1915, Novit. Zool., 22, p. 60 — Milne Bay. Southeastern New Guinea westward along the south coast to the Merauke district and along the north coast to the Ramu River. Colluricincla harmonica pallescens Mathews Colluricincla harmonica pallescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 369 — Cairns, Queensland. Colluricincla harmonica oblita Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 369 — Inkerman, Queensland. Queensland, from the Cairns District, south about to Rockhampton. Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham) Turdus harmonicus! Latham, 1801, Index Orn., Suppl., p. 41 — Sydney, New South Wales. Colluricincla harmonica victoriae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 8369 — Olinda, Victoria. Eastern Australia, from southern Queensland to eastern Victoria. Colluricincla harmonica strigata Swainson Colluricincla strigata Swainson, 1837, Anim. Menag., p. 2838 — Tasmania. Colluricincla harmonica kingi Mathews, 1923, Birds Aus- tralia, 10, p. 289 — King Island. Tasmania, King, Flinders, and Babel Islands, Bass Strait. 1 The earlier name Turdus phaeus Forster, 1794, has been placed, as no. 286, on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology (1958) and is thus invalid. — EK. M. 44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Colluricincla harmonica halmaturina Campbell Collyrioncincla harmonica subsp. halmaturina A. G. Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 140 — Kangaroo Island. Colluricincla harmonica zamba Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 46 — Kangaroo Island. Mallee country of southwestern New South Wales and western Victoria, southeastern South Australia (including Yorke and Fleurieu Peninsulas), and Kangaroo Island. Colluricincla harmonica anda Condon Colluricincla harmonica anda Condon, 1951, South Aus- tralia Orn., 20, p. 41 — Clifton Hills. South Australia at Clifton Hills, near Queensland border. Colluricincla harmonica whitei Mathews Colluricincla rufiventris whitet Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 370 — Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Interior of South Australia and Eyre Peninsula. Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris Gould Colluricincla rufiventris Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 164 — Swan River, Western Australia. Colluricincla rufiventris murchisoni Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 94— East Murchison, Western Australia. Colluricincla rufiventris carteri Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 35 — Albany, southwestern Australia. Western Australia north to Fortescue River and inland to central Australia. COLLURICINCLA WOODWARDI Colluricincla woodwardi woodwardi Hartert Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 228 — South Alligator River, Northern Territory. Alphacincla woodwardi didimus Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 883 — McArthur River, Gulf of Car- pentaria. [Descr. of juv.] Northern Territory, from the Gulf of Carpentaria west to the Forrest River (Cambridge Gulf). Colluricincla woodwardi assimilis Mathews Colluricincla woodwardi assimilis Mathews, 1914, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 2, p. 100 — Napier Broome Bay, North- western Australia. PACH YCEPHALINAE 45 West Kimberley District, northwestern Australia; validity not verified. GENUS PITOHUI LESSON Pitohui Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., p. 375. Type, by subse- quent designation (Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 288), Lanius kirhocephalus Lesson and Garnot. Rectes! Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 65. Type, by monotypy, Lanius kirhocephalus Lesson and Garnot. Pseudorectes? Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 287. Type, by virtual monotypy, Rectes ferrugineus Bonaparte. Melanorectes Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 289. Type, by monotypy, Rectes nigrescens Schlegel. Malacolestes Mayr, 1983, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 590, p. 5. Type, by original designation, Rectes tenebrosus Hart- laub and Finsch. See Mayr, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1269, p. 5: ef. Stresemann, 1925, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 11, pp. 411- 416. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 156-160. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 490- 492 (dichrous). PITOHUI KIRHOCEPHALUS Pitohui kirhocephalus kirhocephalus (Lesson and Garnot) Lanius kirhocephalus Lesson and Garnot, 1827, Voy. Coquille, Zool., Atlas, pl. 11, (text, p. 632, under the name Vanga kirhocephalus) — Dorey [= Manokwari], Vogelkop. Northeastern coast of Vogelkop southward about to Momi (Geelvink Bay), western New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus salvadorii Meise Pitohui kirhocephalus salvadorii Meise, 1929, Abh. Ber. Mus., Dresden, 17 (1927-1929), no. 4, p. 20 — Warbusi, west coast of Geelvink Bay. 1 Rectes Draschei Pelzeln, 1876, is an Edolisoma. — E. M. 2 Sometimes (e.g. Sharpe, 1904, Hand-list, 4, p. 268) erroneously spelled ‘“Pseudorhectes.” — EK. M. 46 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Vicinity of Warbusi (population of hybrids between kirho- cephalus and dohertyi), Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus dohertyi Rothschild and Hartert Pitohui dohertyi Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 95 — Ron Island, Geelvink Bay. Islands and peninsulas of the Wandammen District, Geel- vink Bay, northwestern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus rubiensis (Meyer) Rhectes rubiensis A. B. Meyer, 1884, Sitzungsber. Abh. Naturwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1, p. 32 — Rubi, head of Geelvink Bay. Head of Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus stramineipectus van Oort Pitohui kirhocephalus stramineipectus van Oort, 1907, Notes Leyden Mus., 29, p. 73 — Lobo Bay. Triton Bay district, southwestern New Guinea; distinct from rubiensis ? Pitohui kirhocephalus decipiens (Salvadori) Rectes decipiens Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 473 — no locality; Kapaur designated by Strese- mann, 19238, Arch. f. Naturg., 89 (7), p. 79. Pitohui kirhocephalus obscurus van Oort, 1907, Notes Leyden Mus., 29, p. 73 — Sekru. Onin Peninsula (Kapaur and Sekru), southwestern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus adiensis Mees Pitohui kirrhocephalus (sic) adiensis Mees, 1964, Zool. Meded. Rijskmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 40, p. 126 — Adi Island. Adi Island, off southern coast of Onin Peninsula, south- western New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus carolinae Junge Pitohu kirrhocephalus (sic) carolinae Junge, 1952, Zool. Meded. Rijskmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 31, p. 248 — Etna Bay (see, also, Junge, 1958, Zool. Verh., no. 20, p. 56). Etna Bay, southwestern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneivertex Rothschild Pitohut jobiensis brunneivertex Rothschild, 1931, Novit. PACH YCEPHALINAE AT Zool., 36, p. 262 — Siriwo River, southeastern Geelvink Bay. Southeastern coast of Geelvink Bay (Siriwo to Wanggar River), New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus jobiensis (Meyer) Rectes jobiensis A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 205 — Ansus, Jobi Island. Japen and Kurudu Islands, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus meyeri Rothschild and Hartert Pitohui meyeri Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 96 — Takar, northern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus proteus Hartert, 1932, Nova Guinea, 15 (Zool.), p. 469 — Ifaar, Sentani Lake. North coast of New Guinea from the Mamberano River to the Tami River. Pitohui kirhocephalus senex Stresemann Pitohut kirhocephalus senex Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Monatsb., 30, p. 8 — Maeanderberg, upper Sepik. Upper Sepik valley, intergrading with brunneicaudus along the middle Sepik River, northern New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneicaudus (Meyer) Rhectes brunneicaudus A. B. Meyer, 1891, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 3 (1890-1891), no. 4, p. 10 — Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay. Northern New Guinea between the lower Sepik River, Astrolabe Bay, and the upper Ramu River. (The species is apparently missing between Huon Gulf and Collingwood Bay.) Pitohui kirhocephalus meridionalis (Sharpe) Rectes meridionalis Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 4837 — Astrolabe Mountains. Southeastern New Guinea, westward along the north coast to Chads Bay [= Awaiama Bay] and along the south coast to the Yule Island district. Pitohui kirhocephalus brunneiceps (D’Albertis and Sal- vadori) Rectes brunneiceps D’Albertis and Salvadori, 1879, Ann. 48 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, p. 70 — Middle Fly River, be- tween 300 and 420 miles. Rhectes phaeocephalus Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 187 — Bailalla River, Gulf of Papua. Southern New Guinea, from the Fly River to the Gulf of Papua (Purari and Vailalla Rivers). Pitohui kirhocephalus nigripectus van Oort Pitohui aruensis nigripectus van Oort, 1909, Nova Guinea, 9 (Zool.), p. 93 — Noord River, southern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea between the Mimika River and the upper Hilanden River. Pitohui kirhocephalus aruensis (Sharpe) Rectes aruensis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 285 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Pitohui kirhocephalus uropygialis (Gray) Rectes uropygialis G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 430 — Mysol Island. Misol and Salawati Islands. Pitohui kirhocephalus tibialis (Sharpe) Rectes tibialis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 285 — [Sorong district, western] New Guinea. (A. R. Wallace coll.) Western half of Vogelkop (Sorong, Luwelala), New Guinea. Pitohui kirhocephalus pallidus van Oort Pitohui cerviniventris pallidus van Oort, 1907, Notes Leyden Mus., 29, p. 71 — Batanta. Batanta Island and Sagewin Island, off Salawati Island, western Papuan Islands. Pitohui kirhocephalus cerviniventris (Gray) Rectes cerviniventris G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 480—Gagie Island [error for Waigeu]. Waigeu and Gemien Islands, western Papuan Islands. PITOHUI DICHROUS Pitohui dichrous (Bonaparte) Rectes dichrous Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 31, p. 563 — Lobo, Triton Bay. PACH YCEPHALINAE 49 Pitohui dichrous monticola Rothschild, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 79 — upper Aroa River, British New Guinea. Hill forests of all New Guinea; also middle Fly River and Japen Island. PITOHUI INCERTUS Pitohui incertus van Oort Pitohui incertus van Oort, 1909, Nova Guinea, 9 (Zool.), p. 94 — Noord River, southern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea, from the Noord River to the upper Fly River. PITOHUI FERRUGINEUS Pitohui ferrugineus leucorhynchus (Gray) Rectes leucorhynchus G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 430 — Gagie [error for Waigeu]. Waigeu, western Papuan Islands. Pitohui ferrugineus fuscus Greenway Pitohui ferrugineus fuscus Greenway, 1966, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2258, p. 19 — Batanta Island, off western New Guinea. Batanta, western Papuan Islands. Pitohui ferrugineus brevipennis (Hartert) Rhectes ferrugineus brevipennis Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 5384 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Pitohui ferrugineus ferrugineus (Bonaparte) Rectes ferrugineus Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 31, p. 563 — Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea. Misol Island, Salawati Island, and northwestern New Guinea, eastward along the south coast as far as Etna Bay and along the north coast at least as far as Wandammen, darkening as the range of holerythrus is approached. Slightly darker populations on the southern slopes of Nassau and Oranje Mountains, and similar ones in northern New Guinea between Humboldt Bay and Sepik River. Pitohui ferrugineus holerythrus (Salvadori) Rectes holerythra Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 474 — Jobi Island. 50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pitohui ferrugineus heurni Hartert, 1932, Nova Guinea, 15 (Zool.), p. 470— Prauwenbivak, Idenburgfluss, Mamberano. Japen Island and opposite part of northern New Guinea; intergrading with ferrugineus at head of Geelvink Bay and on Weyland Mountains; becoming consistently paler east- ward along north coast of New Guinea until a pure clarus population is reached east of Sepik River. Pitohui ferrugineus clarus (Meyer) Rhectus ferrugineus clarus A. B. Meyer, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 91— eastern New Guinea; restricted to Finschhafen, northeastern New Guinea by Mayr, 1941, Birds New Guinea, p. 159. Southeastern New Guinea, westward along south coast at least to the Hilanden River and along north coast to Astro- labe Bay. PITOHUI CRISTATUS Pitohui cristatus cristatus (Salvadori) Rectes cristata Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 930 — Mt. Morait, north coast of Vogelkop. Mountains of western New Guinea in the Vogelkop, Onin Peninsula, Weyland and Nassau Mountains. Pitohui cristatus arthuri Hartert Pitohui cristatus arthuri Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 61 — Cyclops Mountains. Cyclops and Sepik Mountains (Maeanderberg) ; also an indistinguishable population in the lowlands of southern New Guinea (Oriomo River). Pitohui cristatus kodonophonos Mayr Pitohui cristatus kodonophonos Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 676 — Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. PITOHUI NIGRESCENS Pitohui nigrescens nigrescens (Schlegel) Rectes nigrescens Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4 (18738), p. 46 — Arfak Mountains. Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tamrau), New Guinea. PACH YCEPHALINAE 51 Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis Hartert Pitohui nigrescens wandamensis Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 59 — Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen district. Wandammen Peninsula, west coast of Geelvink Bay, northern New Guinea. Pitohui nigrescens meeki Rothschild and Hartert Pitohui meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, p. 507 — Mt. Goliath, Snow Mountains. Weyland, Nassau and Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. Pitohui nigrescens buergersi Stresemann Pitohui nigrescens biirgersi Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 406 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains. Sepik, Hindenburg and Hagen Mountains, north-central New Guinea; doubtfully distinct from meeki. Pitohui nigrescens schistaceus (Reichenow) Rhectes nigrescens schistaceus Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 187 — Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea. Poecilodryas pachydemas Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 5 — southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west to the Herzog Mountains. Pitohui nigrescens harterti (Reichenow) Melanorhectes harterti Reichenow, 1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p. 184 — interior of Huon Peninsula. Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. PITOHUI TENEBROSUS Pitohui tenebrosus (Hartlaub and Finsch) Rectes tenebrosus Hartlaub and Finsch, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 6 — Pelew Island. Palau Islands. 52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS ERNST MAYR GENUS TURNAGRA LESSON! Turnagra Lesson, 1837, Compl. Buffon, 8, p. 216. Type, by monotypy, Tanagra macularia Quoy and Gaimard = Tanagra capensis Sparrman. ef. Fleming (ed.), 19538, Checklist New Zealand Birds, p. 68. TURNAGRA CAPENSIS Turnagra capensis tanagra (Schlegel) Otagon tanagra Schlegel, 1865, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 3, p. 190 — North Island. North Island, New Zealand. Turnagra capensis capensis (Sparrman) Tanagra capensis Sparrman, 1787, Mus. Carlson., 2, no. 45, pl. 4 — Dusky Sound, South Island. Turnagra capensis minor Fleming, 1915, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 38, p. 121 — Stephen Island. South Island, New Zealand. FAMILY AEGITHALIDAE? DAVID W. SNOW cf. Hartert, 1907, Vogel pal. Fauna, pp. 382-388. Hartert and Steinbacher, 1934, Vogel pal. Fauna, Er- ganzungsb., pp. 197-200. Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 460- 471. GENUS AEGITHALOS HERMANN Aegithalos Hermann, 1804, Observ. Zool., p. 214. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Pipra europaea Hermann = Parus caudatus Linnaeus. 1 Of uncertain affinity, but more similar to the whistlers than to the thrushes where the genus is often placed. See, also, Oliver, 1945, Emu, 45, p. 148. — E. M. 2 MS read by H. G. Deignan and K. C. Parkes. AEGITHALIDAE 53 Aegithaliscus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 90. Type, by original designation, Parus erythrocephalus Vigors = Aegithalos concinnus iredalei Baker. Aegithalus Sharpe, 1903, Hand-list, 4, p. 337. Emendation of Aegithalos Hermann. cf. Stresemann, 1919, Beitr. Zoogeogr. Pal. Region, 1, pp. 3-24 (caudatus). Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1853, pp. 9-15 (review). AEGITHALOS CAUDATUS Aegithalos caudatus caudatus (Linnaeus) Parus caudatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 190 — Sweden. Aegithalos caudatus japonica Prazak, 1897, Journ. f. Orn., 45, p. 291 — northern Japan. Aegithalos caudatus kamtschaticus Domaniewski, 1933, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 81 — Kamchatka. Ae[githalos] c[audatus] brachyurus Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 96 — Lysogorka, Letichev district, region of Proskurov, Podolia, western Ukraine. Northern and northeastern Europe, east across Siberia to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, northern Mongolia, Man- churia, and northern Korea. In Siberia north to about 60°N., south to limit of wooded steppe. Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus Mathews Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus Mathews, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 58, p. 44 — Selborne, Hampshire, England. New name for Mecistura rosea Blyth, 1836 or 1837, preoccupied by Mecistura rosea Blyth, 1836. Aegithalos caudatus chlamyrhodomelanos Clancey, 1941, Ibis, p. 314 — Evelix, Dornoch, southeastern Suther- land, Scotland. British Isles. Aegithalos caudatus europaeus (Hermann) Pipra ? europaea Hermann, 1804, Observ. Zoolog., p. 214 — Basel, Switzerland. Aegithalos caudatus expugnatus Bacmeister and Klein- schmidt, 1916, Falco, 12, p. 18—La Tourauderie, Ardennes, northeast France. 54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aegithalos caudatus potyi Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 156 — Gemeaux, Cote d’Or, France. Central Europe, from Holland and northern Germany south to the Alps and Yugoslavia, west to northern and eastern France and east to western Poland and Rumania. A very variable population probably of hybrid origin. Aegithalos caudatus aremoricus Whistler Aegithalos caudatus aremoricus Whistler, 1929 (March), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 87 — Loudiac, Brittany, northwestern France. Aegithalos caudatus galliae Jouard, 1929 (August), Alauda, 1, p. 155 — Chercorat, Haute-Vienne, France. Northern, northwestern, and west-central France. Aegithalos caudatus taiti Ingram Aegithalos caudatus taiti Ingram, 1913, Zoologist, p. 137 — Coimbra, Portugal. Aegithalos caudatus pyrenaicus Hartert, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 39, p. 40 — Cauterets, Hautes Pyrénées, France. Aegithalos caudatus bureaui Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 153 — Vernet-les-Bains, Pyrénées Orientales, France. Northern and central Portugal, south to the Tagus, northern Spain, and southwestern and southern France. Aegithalos caudatus irbii (Sharpe and Dresser) Acredula irbii Sharpe and Dresser, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 312 — Gibraltar. Aegithalos caudatus tyrrhenicus Parrot, 1910, Orn. Jahrb., 21, p. 155 — Ajaccio, Corsica. Southern Portugal, central and southern Spain, and Corsica. Aegithalos caudatus italiae (Jourdain) Aegithalos caudatus italiae Jourdain, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 89 — Cremona, northern Italy. Aegithalos caudatus romanus Stresemann, 1919, Beitr. Zoogeogr. Pal. Region, 1, p. 10 — Rome, Italy. Italy, except extreme north. Aegithalos caudatus siculus (Whitaker) Acredula sicula Whitaker, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 11, p. 52 — Sicily. Sicily. AEGITHALIDAE 55 Aegithalos caudatus macedonicus (Dresser) Acredula macedonica Dresser, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 15 — Mount Olympus, ‘‘Macedonia.”’ Albania, southern Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Greece. Aegithalos caudatus tauricus (Menzbier) Acredula rosea taurica Menzbier, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 49 — Jaila Mountains, Crimea. Crimea, southern Russia. Aegithalos caudatus major (Radde) Acredula tephronota var. major Radde, 1884, Ornis Cau- casica, p. 144—Tiflis and source of Schamchor, Caucasus. Caucasus and western and central Transcaucasia. Aegithalos caudatus tephronotus (Gunther) Orites tephronotus Gunther, 1865, Ibis, p. 95 — Havan- core, Asiatic side of Bosphorus. Asia Minor. Aegithalos caudatus alpinus (Hablizl) Parus alpinus Hablizl, 1783, Neue Nord. Beytrage, 4, p. 49 — mountains of Gilan Province, northern Iran. South Caspian coastal region of eastern Transcaucasia and Iran. Aegithalos caudatus passekii (Zarudny) Acredula tephronota passekit Zarudny, 1904, Orn. Mo- natsb., 12, p. 164 — mountains between Iranian plateau and Mesopotamian plain, southwestern Iran. Zagros Mountains, from western Azerbaijan to Farsistan, southwestern Iran. Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus (Verreaux) Mecistura vinacea J. Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6 (1870), p. 39 — Ourato, Kansu, northwestern China. Northern and western China, from Chihli southwest through Kansu to the mountains of western Szechwan and western Yunnan. Aegithalos caudatus glaucogularis (Moore) Orites (?) glaucogularis Moore, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 140 — China; restricted to Shanghai by Gould, 1855, Birds Asia, 2, pl. 69. 56 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Central China from Shanghai west to lowlands of Szechwan. Aegithalos caudatus trivirgatus (Temminck and Schlegel) Parus (Megisturus) trivirgatus Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 71 — Japan. Aegithalos caudatus enaga Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, pp. 33 (Japanese), 88 (English) — Tokyo, Japan. Honshu, Japan. Aegithalos caudatus kiusiuensis Kuroda Aegithalos caudatus kiusiuensis Kuroda, 1928, Auk, 40, p. 313 — Imazu, Chikuzen Province, northern Kyushu, Japan. Kyushu and Shikoku, southern Japan. Aegithalos caudatus magnus (Clark) Acredula trivirgata magna Clark, 1907, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, p. 475 — Seoul, Korea. Aegithalos caudatus shimokoriyamae Kuroda, 1923, Auk, 40, p. 8312 — Koryo, Keiki district, central Korea. Aegithalos caudatus tarihoae Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, pp. 84 (Japanese), 89 (English) — Quelpart Island, Japan. Central and southern Korea; Quelpart Island. AEGITHALOS LEUCOGENYS Aegithalos leucogenys (Horsfield and Moore) Orites leucogenys Horsfield and Moore, 1854, Cat. Birds East India Co., 1, p. 374 — woods above Balu Chughur, 4,000 ft., Kunar River, eastern Afghanistan. Northwestern Kashmir (Baltistan, Gilgit), North West Frontier Province; eastern Afghanistan, and Baluchistan south to Ziarat. AEGITHALOS CONCINNUS Aegithalos concinnus iredalei (Baker) Aegithaliscus concinna iredalet Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 8— Simla. New name for Parus ery- throcephalus Vigors, 1831, preoccupied by Parus ery- throcephalus Linnaeus, 1758 = Pipra erythrocephalus Linnaeus. AEGITHALIDAE 57 Aegithaliscus concinna rubricapillus Ticehurst, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 22 — Sikkim. Himalayan chain, from Chitral east to the Mishmi Hills; mountains of Baluchistan (Ziarat). Aegithalos concinnus manipurensis (Hume) Aegithaliscus manipurensis Hume, 1888, Stray Feathers, 11, p. 254 — Manipur Hills. Khasi, Naga, Manipur, and Chin Hills in eastern India and western Burma, south to Mount Victoria in the southern Chin Hills. Aegithalos concinnus talifuensis (Rippon) Aegithaliscus talifuensis Rippon, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 18 — Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali, north- western Yunnan. Aegithaliscus concinnus tonkinensis Delacour and Ja- bouille, 1980, Oiseau, Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 394 — Chapa, Tonkin, northern Indo-China. Eastern Sikang, northeastern Burma east of the Ira- waddy, Yunnan, northwestern Tongking, and northern Laos (Tranninh). Intergrading with concinnus in the east. Aegithalos concinnus pulchellus (Rippon) Aegithaliscus pulchellus Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 11, p. 11 — Nanoi, Loi Ma, southern Shan States, Burma. Southern Shan States and Karenni district, eastern Burma. Aegithalos concinnus concinnus (Gould) Psaltria concinna Gould, 1855, Birds Asia, 2, pl. 65 — Chusan, Chekiang, China. Aegithaliscus concinnus taiwanensis Yamashina, 1944, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 14, p. 3 — Taiheisan, For- mosa. Western, south-central, and eastern China, from southern Kansu and southwest Shensi in the north and Szechwan in the west, through Kweichow and Hupeh to Chekiang, Fohkien and Kwangtung; Formosa. Intergrading with tali- fuensis in the southwest. Aegithalos concinnus annamensis (Robinson and Kloss) Aegithaliscus annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, 58 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 606 — Liangbian Peaks, 6,500 ft., southern Annam, Indo-China. Mountains of southern Laos, central Annam and southern Annam, Indo-China. AEGITHALOS IOUSCHISTOS Aegithalos iouschistos niveogularis (Gould) Acanthiparus niveogularis Gould, 1855, Birds Asia, 2, pl. 67 — northern India; restricted to northern Punjab by Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1853, p. 20. Western Himalayas, from the North West Frontier Prov- ince through Kashmir and northern Punjab to Tehri and Kumaun. Aegithalos iouschistos iouschistos (Blyth) Parus iouschistos Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 943 — Nepal. Eastern Himalayas, from eastern Nepal to Assam, south- eastern Tibet and southwestern Sikang. Aegithalos iouschistos bonvaloti (Oustalet) Acredula Bonvaloti Oustalet, 1891, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 7, 12, p. 286— Tatsienlu [= Kangting], eastern Sikang, China. Northeastern Burma, central and eastern Sikang, and northwestern Yunnan. Aegithalos iouschistos obscuratus (Mayr) Aegithaliscus iouschistos obscuratus Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 705 —Chengou Forks, 7,600 ft., 30 miles west of Wenchwan, “Sungpan district [errore], northern Szechwan” [= western Szechwan]. Wenchwan and Kwanhsien areas of western Szechwan. Aegithalos iouschistos sharpei (Rippon) Aegithaliscus sharpei Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 84 — Mount Victoria, southern Chin Hills, Burma. Known only from type locality. AEGITHALOS FULIGINOSUS Aegithalos fuliginosus (Verreaux) Mecistura fuliginosa J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 5 (1869), p. 36—eastern Tibet AEGITHALIDAE 59 [= western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1872, ibid., 7, poole Aegithaliscus fuliginosus scurrula Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 363 — Hsien Shan Hsien, Hupeh, China. Western and central China, from eastern Sikang to south- ern Kansu, central Shensi, and western Hupeh. GENUS PSALTRIA TEMMINCK Psaltria Temminck, 1836, Pl. Col., pl. 600, fig. 4. Type, by monotypy, Psaltria exilis Temminck. PSALTRIA EXILIS Psaltria exilis Temminck Psaltria exilis Temminck, 1836, Pl. Col., pl. 600, fig. 4 — Java. Mountains of western and central Java. GENUS PSALTRIPARUS BONAPARTE Psaltriparus Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 31, p. 478. Type, by monotypy, Psaltriparus personatus Bonaparte = Parus melanotis Hartlaub. cf. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, pp. 423- 436. Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 13, pt. 7, pp. 88-92. PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS Psaltriparus minimus minimus (Townsend) Parus minimus Townsend, 1837, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, p. 190 — forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington. West coast and coast ranges of North America, from extreme southwestern British Columbia south to Mexican border. Intergrading with californicus in interior of southern Oregon and northern and central California, and with melanurus at Mexican border. Psaltriparus minimus californicus Ridgway Psaltriparus minimus californicus Ridgway, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2, p. 89 — Baird, Shasta County, California. 60 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Central and north-central California and adjacent parts of southern Oregon. Intergrading with minimus in the west, and with plumbeus in the northeast. Psaltriparus minimus sociabilis Miller Psaltriparus minimus sociabilis A. H. Miller, 1946, Condor, 48, p. 78 — Pinyon Wells, 4,000 ft., Little San Bernardino Mountains, Riverside County, California. Little San Bernardino Mountains and adjoining moun- tains to the north, and Eagle Mountain, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. Psaltriparus minimus melanurus Grinnell and Swarth Psaltriparus minimus melanurus Grinnell and Swarth, 1926, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 30, no. 5, p. 169 — San José (lat. 31°N.), 2,500 ft., Baja California, Mexico. Northwestern Baja California, south to about lat. 30°N. Psaltriparus minimus grindae Ridgway Psaltriparus grindae Ridgway (ex Belding MS), 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 155 — Laguna (near San- tiago), Cape district, Baja California, Mexico. Cape district of Baja California, Mexico. Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus (Baird) Psaltria plumbea Baird, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, 7, p. 118 — Little Colorado River, New Mexico [= Little Colorado River, Arizona, vide Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, p. 349]. Psaltriparus plumbeus cecaumenorum Thayer and Bangs, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 19, p. 20 — La Chu- mata Mine, north-central Sonora, Mexico. Great Basin and Rocky Mountains of North America, north to southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and south- western Wyoming; west to northeastern California, western Nevada, northern Arizona, and northern Sonora; east to Colorado, northwestern Oklahoma, and western Texas (Pan Handle and Trans Pecos) ; and south to central Sonora and Trans Pecos, Texas. Intergrading with californicus in north- eastern California, and with providentialis in central Cali- fornia (east of the Sierra Nevada), southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah. AEGITHALIDAE 61 Psaltriparus minimus providentialis Arvey Psaltriparus minimus providentialis Arvey, 1941, Condor, 43, p. 74 — 5 miles northeast of Granite Well, 5,400 ft., Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, Cali- fornia. White Mountains, Inyo Mountains and Providence Moun- tains, southeastern California; Charleston and Grapevine Mountains, southern Nevada; and mountains of southwest- ern Utah. Intergrading with plumbeus in the north. PSALTRIPARUS MELANOTIS Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi Sennett Psaltriparus ltoydi Sennett, 1888, Auk, 5, p. 43 — Limpia Canyon, near Fort Davis, Presidio County, Texas. Psaltriparus minimus dimorphicus van Rossem and Hachisuka, 1938, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 8— Rancho Santa Barbara, 20 miles northeast of Guirocoba, southeastern Sonora, Mexico. Southwestern New Mexico and Trans Pecos, Texas, south through northern Mexico to southwestern Chihuahua in the west and Coahuila in the east. Psaltriparus melanotis iulus Jouy Psaltriparus melanotis iulus Jouy, 1893, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 776 — Hacienda El Molino, southwestern Jalisco, Mexico. Western and central Mexico, from Durango, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi south to Michoacan. Psaltriparus melanotis melanotis (Hartlaub) Parus melanotis Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 7, p. 216 — Guatemala. Southern Mexico, from Guanajuato and Hidalgo through Chiapas, to highlands of Guatemala. 62 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD FAMILY REMIZIDAE! DAVID W. SNOW cf. Hartert, 1907, Vogel pal. Fauna, pp. 388-394. Hartert and Steinbacher, 1934, Vogel pal. Fauna, Er- ganzungsb., pp. 200-202. Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 547- 5Do. White, 1963, Revised Checklist African Flycatchers, Tits,... and Waxbills, pp. 48-52. GENUS REMIZ JAROCKI Remiz Jarocki, 1819, Spis Ptak6w w Gab. Zool. Kréol. Warszawa Univ., p. 21. Type, by monotypy, Remiz pendulinus Cuvier = Motacilla pendulinus Linnaeus. cf. Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, pp. 305-309. Vaurie, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1459, pp. 51-62. Vaurie, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1549, pp. 1-5. Portenko, 1955, Trudy Zool. Inst. Acad. Nauk 8.S.S.R., 18, pp. 459-492. Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 18538, pp. 3-9. REMIZ PENDULINUS Remiz pendulinus pendulinus (Linnaeus) Motacilla pendulinus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 189 — Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and Italy. Remiza pendulina jaxartensis Sushkin, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 45 —- Turkestan; restricted to Syr- Darya by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 391. Anthoscopus ssaposhnikowi Johansen, 1907, Orn. Jahrb., 18, p. 201 — shore of Lake Balkash, west of Karatal River. Remiza pendulina bostanjogli Zarudny, 19138, Mess. Orn., 4, p. 48 — Ural River [reference not verified]. Remiza pendulina menzbiert Zarudny, 19138, Mess. Orn., 4, p. 50 — lower Karun River, southwestern Iran [refer- ence not verified]. Remiza macronyx loudoni Zarudny, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 58 — Lenkoran and the Kumbaschi River, south Caspian coast (winter). 1 MS read by C. W. Benson (African forms) and K. C. Parkes. REMIZIDAE 63 Remiza macronyx paradoxa Zarudny, 1914, Mess. Orn., 4, p. 188 — Tschardjui, Amu-Darya, Turkestan [reference not verified]. Anthoscopus pendulinus persimilis Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p. 308 — Eregli, Asia Minor. Remiza pendulinus barabensis Zarudny and Johansen, 1923, Izvest. Tomsk Univ., 72, p. 5—Baraba and Kulunda Steppes, western Siberia. Southern and eastern Europe, western Siberia east to Semipalatinsk, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and southern and western Iran. Hybridizes locally in eastern parts of range with macronyx and coronatus (ssaposhnikowi, bostanjogli, loudoni and paradoxa are hybrid forms). This and other sub- species occur south of breeding range in winter. Remiz pendulinus caspius (Pelzam) Aegithalus caspius Pelzam, 1870, Protok. Zased. Obsht. Estest. Imp. Kazan Univ., 1, p. 141 — Astrakhan. Lower Volga River and middle and lower Ural River, north and west coasts of Caspian Sea, and vicinity of Lake Balkash. Remiz pendulinus coronatus (Severtzov) Aegithalus coronatus Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal . Turkest. Zhivotn., (1872), p. 186— Nau, near Kho- dzhent [= Leninabad], on the Syr-Darya, northwestern Tadzhikistan. Remiza yeniseensis Sushkin, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 44 — northern Mongolia between Sayan Moun- tains and Tannu-ola, on upper course of Yenisei. Central Asia and southern Siberia, from lower Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya in the west to East Sayan Mountains and upper Yenisei in the east. Hybridizes locally with pendulinus in north of range. Remiz pendulinus macronyx (Severtzov) Aegithalus macronyx Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal ... Turkest. Zhivotn., 1872, p. 137— Tschimkent, Syr- Darya, Turkestan. Anthoscopus rutilans neglectus Zarudny, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 163 — Lenkoran, Gilan, Mazanderan, and Astrabad, south Caspian coast; restricted to Chatly, lower Atrek River, southwestern Transcaspia, by Zarudny, 1914, Ornith. Monatsb., 22, p. 57. 64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Remiza macronyx aralensis Zarudny, 1916, Mess. Orn., 7, p. 95 — Aral Sea. West-central Asia, from eastern Transcaucasia through northern Iran and Turkmenia (Atrek Basin) to Aral Sea, and east to Ferghana and the lower Ili. Hybridizes locally with pendulinus. Remiz pendulinus nigricans (Zarudny) Anthoscopus rutilans nigricans Zarudny, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 162 — Seistan, eastern Iran. Seistan, eastern Iran. Remiz pendulinus stoliczkae (Hume) Aegithalus Stoliczkae Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 521 — no locality; Bora, south of Yarkand, eastern Turkestan, designated by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 391. . Remiza pendulina centralasiae Sushkin, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 45 — central Asia. Eastern Turkestan, northern Mongolia, southern Trans- baikalia, and middle Amur Valley. Remiz pendulinus consobrinus (Swinhoe) Aegithalus consobrinus Swinhoe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 188—Sha-she [=Shasi], below Ichang, Hupeh, China. Remiz consobrinus suffusus Clark, 1907, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, p. 474 — Fusan, Kyongsang Namdo, Korea. R[emiz] c[onsobrinus] japonicus Clark, 1907, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32, p. 475 — Japan. Manchuria and eastern and northeastern China. Straggler to southern Korea and Japan. GENUS ANTHOSCOPUS CABANIS Anthoscopus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 89. Type, by monotypy, Sylvia minuta Shaw and Nodder. ANTHOSCOPUS PUNCTIFRONS Anthoscopus punctifrons (Sundevall) Aegithalus punctifrons Sundevall, 1850, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 7, p. 129 — Sennar. Semi-desert belt along southern edge of Sahara, from Timbuktu east to central Sudan and northern Eritrea. REMIZIDAE 65 ANTHOSCOPUS PARVULUS Anthoscopus parvulus (Heuglin) Aegithalus ? parvulus Heuglin, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 260 — Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal, Sudan. Aegithalus calotropiphilus Rochebrune, 1883, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, 7, p. 165 — Senegal. Anthoscopus citrinus Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 48 — Bosum, eastern Cameroons. Remiz parvulus senegalensis Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32, p. 68 — St. Louis, Senegal. Anthoscopus parvulus aureus Bannerman, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 41 — Bole, Northern Territories, Gold Coast. Arid belt south and west of range of A. punctifrons, from mouth of the Senegal east to Upper Uelle and Upper White Nile (Rejaf and Kiri). ANTHOSCOPUS MUSCULUS Anthoscopus musculus (Hartlaub) Aegithalus musculus Hartlaub, 1882, Orn. Centralbl., 7, p. 91 — Lado, Upper Nile, Sudan. Anthoscopus musculus guasso van Someren, 1932, Novit. Zool., 37, p. 359— Archer’s Post, northern Guasso Nyiro, Kenya. Northeastern Africa, from Abyssinia and Somaliland west to Upper White Nile (Lado and Tombé) and northern Uganda; south through Kenya (all northern parts, Rift Valley and Teita district) to northeastern Tanzania (Tan- ganyika) (Mkomasi and central Masai district). ANTHOSCOPUS FLAVIFRONS Anthoscopus flavifrons waldroni Bannerman Anthoscopus flavifrons waldroni Bannerman, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 1381— Goaso, Ashanti, Gold Coast. Only known from type locality. Anthoscopus flavifrons flavifrons (Cassin) Aegithalus flavifrons Cassin, 1855, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, p. 325 — Moonda River, Gabon, West Africa. Lower Guinea Forest, from French Cameroons and Gabon east to northeastern Congo (southern Uelle and Ituri). 66 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae Chapin Anthoscopus flavifrons ruthae Chapin, 1958, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 57, p. 23 — Nyamiringe (lat. 1° 39’ S., long. 28° 06’ E.), near Kabunga, 2,090 ft., west of Lake Kivu, Congo. Only known from type locality. ANTHOSCOPUS CAROLI Anthoscopus caroli roccatii Salvadori Anthoscopus roccatii Salvadori, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 21, p. 2 — Entebbe, Uganda. Southern Uganda, north to Lango and east to Mount Elgon, and northeastern Ruanda-Urundi. Anthoscopus caroli taruensis van Someren Anthoscopus rocatti taruensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 112 — Samburu, eastern Kenya. Coastal districts of southern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika), inland in Kenya to Taru Desert and in Tanzania (Tanganyika) to southern Masai district and Kilosa. Anthoscopus caroli pallescens Ulfstrand Anthoscopus caroli pallescens Ulfstrand, 1960, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 80, p. 12 — Kabesi Ridge, 5,500 ft., east of Mt. Kungwe, Kungwe-Mahali peninsula, east shore of Lake Tanganyika. Known only from the Kungwe-Mahali peninsula on east shore of Lake Tanganyika. Anthoscopus caroli ansorgei Hartert Anthoscopus ansorgei Hartert, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 74 — Mangonga River, Benguela, Angola. West-central Africa, from highlands of Angola north and northeast to Middle Congo and Kasai district of Congo. Inter- grading with rhodesiae in southeastern Congo. Anthoscopus caroli rhodesiae Sclater Anthoscopus ansorgei rhodesiae Sclater, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 52, p. 148 — Mt. Sunsu, Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia. Southeast Congo (Lulua and Tanganyika districts), east through northeastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) to southwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika) (Ufipa). Intergrad- ing in south with robertst. REMIZIDAE 67 Anthoscopus caroli robertsi Haagner Anthoscopus robertst Haagner, 1909, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 1, p. 233 — Villa Pereira, Boror, Portuguese East Africa. Anthoscopus caroli winterbottomi White, 1946, Ibis, 88, p. 101 — Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia. Anthoscopus pygmaea Horniman, 1956, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, 9, p. 8368 — Mwinilunga, Northern Rho- desia. ? Anthoscopus caroli rankinet Irwin, 19638, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 83, p. 2 — south bank of Zambesi River (opposite Feira, Southern Rhodesia), Mozambique, ca. lat. 15° 40’ Ss lone.'302'252 Ee alts boO Met. Northern (except northeast) and eastern Zambia (North- ern Rhodesia), extreme eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rho- desia), Malawi (Nyasaland), and northern Mozambique. Intergrading in northwest with ansorgei, in northeast with rhodesiae, and in south with caroli. Anthoscopus caroli caroli (Sharpe) Aegithalus caroli Sharpe, 1871, Ibis, p. 415 — Ova- quenyama, Damaraland, South West Africa. Anthoscopus caroli hellmayri Roberts, 1914, Ann. Trans- vaal Mus., 4, p. 174 — Mapagone, northeastern Trans- vaal. South West Africa (Okahandja and Ondonga areas) and extreme southern Angola, east through southern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), and northern Bechuanaland to southern Mozambique, eastern Transvaal, Swaziland, and Zululand. Intergrading with robertsi in central Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). ANTHOSCOPUS SYLVIELLA Anthoscopus sylviella Reichenow Anthoscopus sylviella Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 27— Malangali, Usafua, Rungwe district, south- western Tanganyika. Anthoscopus sharpei Hartert, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 75 — Usambiro, Tabora district, Tanganyika. Anthoscopus rothschildi Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 597 — Simba, Kenya. Anthoscopus colomannit Madarasz, 1910, Arch. Zool. Buda- 68 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD pest, 1, p. 177 — Ngara-Dowash (Mara River), Tan- ganyika. Southern Kenya and Tanzania (Tanganyika); from Kisumu and Kikuyu district south to Rungwe district, west to Lake Victoria and Tabora district, east in Kenya to Kitui and Simba and in Tanzania (Tanganyika) to Longido and Kibaya. ANTHOSCOPUS MINUTUS Anthoscopus minutus damarensis Reichenow Anthoscopus minutus damarensis Reichenow, 1905, Voég. Afr., 3, p. 526 — South West Africa; restricted to Ova- quenyama by Macdonald, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 49. Southern Africa north of Orange River; north to northern South West Africa (Ondonga area), northern Bechuanaland (Nekati), and western Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) (Bulawayo, Matopo Hills, Sibanini) ; east to western Rho- desia (Southern Rhodesia), western Transvaal, and central Orange Free State. Anthoscopus minutus minutus (Shaw and Nodder) Sylvia minuta Shaw and Nodder, 1812, Nat. Misc., 23, pl. 997, ex Levaillant, 1802, Oiseaux Afrique, 3, pl. 184, fig. 1 — Heerenlogement, Cape Province, South Africa. Aegithalus smithii Jardine, 1831, Edinburgh Journ. Nat. Geog. Sci., 3, p. 212— South Africa; restricted to Veloren Vley, Cape Province, by Macdonald, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 48. Anthoscopus minutus levaillanti Reichenow, 1905, Vogel Afrikas, 3, p. 526 — Cape Province, South Africa. ? Anthoscopus minutus gigi Winterbottom, 1959, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 79, p. 152 — Oudtshoorn, Little Karroo, South Africa. Karroo areas of Cape Province of South Africa. GENUS AURIPARUS BAIRD Auriparus Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 85. Type, by original designation, Aegithalus flaviceps Sundevall. ef. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, pp. 419- 423. Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, pp. 86-88. REMIZIDAE 69 AURIPARUS FLAVICEPS Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall) Aegithalus flaviceps Sundevall, 1850, Kong]. Svensk. Vet.- Akad. Forh., 7, p. 129 (note) — “Sitka vel California”’ ; probably vicinity of Loreto, long. 26° N., Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico, vide Grinnell, 1931, Condor, 33, pp. 163- 168. Auriparus flaviceps fraterculus van Rossem, 1930, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 201 — Chinobampo, southern Sonora, Mexico. Baja California, from Cape District north to about lat. 30°N.; central and southern Sonora, north to Isla Tiburon on coast and in interior up Yaqui River system to about lat. 30°30/N. Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum Grinnell Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum Grinnell, 1931, Condor, 33, p. 168 — Palm Springs, Riverside County, California. Deserts of the Colorado River drainage, north to Inyo County, California, the Sierra Nevada, and southwestern Utah; south to about lat. 31°N. in Baja California and to northwestern Sonora. Auriparus flaviceps ornatus (Lawrence) Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence, 1852, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 5, p. 112 — Rio Grande, Texas. Southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona and Texas (north to Refugio and Bexar Counties), south (except areas occupied by flaviceps and acaciarum) to Durango and Tamaulipas, northern Mexico. GENUS CEPHALOPYRUS BONAPARTE Cephalopyrus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 62. Type, by monotypy, Aegithalus flammi- ceps Burton. CEPHALOPYRUS FLAMMICEPS Cephalopyrus flammiceps flammiceps (Burton) Aegithalus flammiceps Burton, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, (1835), p. 153 — Himalayas; restricted to Mus- soorie by Whistler, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 15. Western Himalayas from northwestern Kashmir south- 70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD east to Gahrwal and Kumaun; south in winter to Central Provinces. Cephalopyrus flammiceps olivaceus Rothschild Cephalopyrus flammiceps olivaceus Rothschild, 1923, Novit. Zool., 30, p. 263—Tengyueh, northwestern Yunnan, China. Cephalopyrus flammiceps saturatus Whistler, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 15 — Native Sikkim, India. Eastern Himalayas, from Sikkim east to western Szech- wan and northwestern Yunnan. FAMILY PARIDAE! DAVID W. SNOW cf. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, pp. 375-419 (North and Central America). Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, pp. 339-382. Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933-1934, Vogel pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., pp. 174-197. Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, pp. 70-86 (North and Central America). Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 472- 518. White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, Tits, ...and Waxbills, pp. 44-48. GENUS PARUS LINNAEUS Parus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 189. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 28), Parus major Linnaeus. Lophopanes Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw. Nat. Syst., p. 92. Type, by original designation, Parus cristatus Linnaeus. Poecile Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw. Nat. Syst., p. 114. Type, by original designation, Parus palustris Linnaeus. Poecila Gray, 1847, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 191. Emendation of Poecile Kaup. Penthestes Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 62. Type Parus lugubris Temminck, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 70. 1 MS read by C. W. Benson (African forms) and K. C. Parkes. PARIDAE 71 Machlolophus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 91. Type, by subsequent designation (Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 26), Parus spilonotus Blyth. Pentheres Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 92. Substitute for Melaniparus Bonaparte. Poecilia Taczanowski, 1872, Journ. f. Orn., 20, p. 4438. Emendation for Poecile Kaup. Sittiparus Selys-Longchamps, 1884, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 9, pp. 43, 58. Type, by original designation, Parus varius Temminck and Schlegel. Periparus Selys-Longchamps, 1884, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 9, pp. 48, 59. Type, by original designation (Richmond, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 704), Parus ater Linnaeus. Pardaliparus Selys-Longchamps, 1884, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 9, p. 73. Type, by subsequent designation (Rich- mond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 704), Parus elegans Lesson. Penthornis Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 170. Type, by original designation, Melaniparus semilarvatus Salvadori. Aegithospiza Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 171. Type, by original designation, Parus fringillinus Fischer and Reichenow. Poeciloides Bianchi, 1902, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Pétersbourg, 7, p. 241. Type, by original desig- nation, Poecile superciliosa Przewalski. cf. Grinnell, 1904, Auk, 21, pp. 364-382 (rufescens). Laubmann, 1918, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 11, pp. 269- 275 (bokharensis). Mearns, 1916, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 51, pp. 57-65 (elegans). Grinnell, 1918, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17, pp. 505- 515 (gambelt). Stresemann and Sachtleben, 1920, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, pp. 228-269 (montanus). Dementiev and Heptner, 1932, Alauda, 4, pp. 284-291 (cyanus). Jouard, 1936, Alauda, 8, pp. 342-471 (montanus). Odum, 1941-42, Auk, 58, pp. 314-333, 518-535; 59, pp. 499-531 (annual cycle of atricapillus). Duvall, 1945, Auk, 62, pp. 49-69 (atricapillus). 72 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Dixon, 1949, Condor, 51, pp. 110-136 (behavior of inornatus ) . Vaurie, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1459, p. 1-51 (vari- ous Asiatic species). Delacour and Vaurie, 1950, Oiseau, 20, pp. 99-121 (major; bokharensis). Gibb, 1950, Ibis, 92, pp. 507-539 (breeding of major and caeruleus). Godfrey, 1951, Canadian Field-Nat., 65, pp. 22-26 (hudsonicus) . Hinde, 1952, Behaviour, suppl. no. 2, 201 pp. (behavior of major). Lunk, 1952, Wilson Bull., 64, pp. 7-21 (carolinensis). Dixon, 1955, Univ. California, Publ. Zool., 54, pp. 125- 206 (bicolor). Snow, 1955, Ardea, 43, pp. 195-226 (ater). Behle, 1956, Condor, 58, pp. 51-70 (gambelit). Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1833, pp. 1-15 (caeruleus; cyanus). Vaurie and Snow, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1852, pp. 1-43 (various Palearctic species). Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, pp. 95- 106 (revision of elegans). PARUS PALUSTRIS Parus palustris palustris Linnaeus Parus palustris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 190 — Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 370. Parus cinereus communis Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827, Neue Alpina, 2, p. 31— valleys of Alps; restricted to Graubiinden, Switzerland by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 372. Parus stagnatilis Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige Vogel- fang, p. 242 — Galicia. Parus dresseri longirostris Kleinschmidt, 1897, Orn. Jahrb., 8, p. 65 — La Tour d’Auvergne, Puy de Dome, France. Parus communis korejewi Zarudny and Harms, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 54 — Karatau (near Tashkent) , Turke- stan. PARIDAE le Parus palustris balticus Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 169 — Baltic Provinces. Parus palustris congrevei Kinnear, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 50 — Mt. Retyezat, Transylvanian Alps, Rumania. Most of Europe; northern limit running through extreme southern Norway, Sweden at about lat. 61°N. (but not Got- land), and extreme southern Finland southeast through Russia to about lat. 55°N. and eastward to approximately long. 55°E.; extending westward to France, except extreme northwest; southern limit in Europe from northern Spain (Cantabrian Mountains and Pyrenees) through southern France, along southern edge of Alps, coast of Yugoslavia to Albania, eastwards through southern Albania, northern Greece and Macedonia to Rhodope Mountains, then north- eastward through eastern Rumania, southern Russia to Kharkov district and eastward at about lat. 52-53°N. to about long. 55°E. Local in western and northern Turkey. Apparently straggler to Turkestan. (An undetermined form of P. palustris, or possibly of P. montanus, occurs in the mountains of Corsica.) Parus palustris dresseri Stejneger1 Parus palustris dresseri Stejneger, 1886, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 200 — Kent, England. Parus palustris darti Jouard, 1929, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54, p. 245 — Riaillé, Loire-Inférieure, France. England and Wales; extreme northwestern France (Brit- tany and western Normandy). Parus palustris italicus Tschusi and Hellmayr! Parus communis italicus Tschusi and Hellmayr, 1900, Orn. Jahrb., 11, p. 204 — Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Parus communis tschusii Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Jahrb., 12, p. 110 — Cremona, Italy. Parus palustris siculus von Burg, 1925, Die Tierwelt, p. 63 — Calabria, Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia [not veri- fied]. Italy, south of the Alps, and Sicily. 1 In a study appearing while this volume was in press, Kniprath (1967, Journ. f. Orn., 108, pp. 1-46) merges these races with nominate palustris. — Ed. 74 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus palustris brandtii (Bogdanow) Poecile Brandtti Bogdanow, 1879, Trudy Obsht. Estest. Kazan Univ., 8, p. 89 — Borjam, northwest Transcau- casia. Penthestes palustris kabardensis Buturlin, 1929, Syst. Notes Birds North. Caucasus, p. 24—vnear Vladi- kavkaz, Caucasus. Northern and central Caucasus. Parus palustris brevirostris (Taczanowsk1) Poecilia brevirostris Taczanowski, 1872, Journ. f. Orn., 20, p. 444 — Prebaicalia, southwest of Baikal, Siberia. Poecilia palustris crassirostris Taczanowski, 1885, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 10, p. 470 — Sidemi River, southern Ussuriland. Parus communis jeholicus Kleinschmidt and Weigold, 1922, Falco, 18, p. 2—north of Jehol [Chengteh], southern Jehol, Manchuria. Poecile palustris orii Yamashina, 1927, Dobuts. Zasshi, 39, p. 281 — Nayori-mura (Naihoro), southern Sakhalin. Parus palustris ernsti Yamashina, 1933, Tori, 8, p. 168. New name for P. p. orii Yamashina, preoccupied by P. varius orw Kuroda, 1928. Parus palustris mizunoi Yamashina, 1939, Tori, 10, p. 484 — Sui-Chiu, Kinshu district, southern Manchuria. Parus palustris altaicus Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 92 (1944), p. 182 — Buchtarma River, Katon-Karagai, southern Altai Mountains, Siberia. Southern parts of central and eastern Siberia, west to the Altai and West Sayan Mountains, north to southern end of Lake Baikal and middle Amur Valley, south to Khangai Mountains, Kentei Mountains and northern part of Great Khingan Mountains, Manchuria and northern Korea, and extreme northern China; Sakhalin. Parus palustris hensoni Stejneger Parus hensoni Stejneger, 1892, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 15, p. 342 — Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. Parus seebohmi Stejneger, 1892, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 15, p. 343 — Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Hokkaido and southern Kurile Islands (Kunashiri, Yeterofu and Urup). PARIDAE 75 Parus palustris hellmayri Bianchi [Poecile] communis hellmayri Bianchi, 1902, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Pétersbourg, 7, p. 236 — Peking. Korea south of about lat. 40°N.; northern, central, and eastern China, west to central Shensi, south to the Yangtze, and southwest to central Szechwan. Intergrading with brevirostris in extreme northern China. Parus palustris hypermelaena (Berezowski and Bianchi) Poecile hypermelaena Berezowski and Bianchi, 1891, Aves Exped. Potanini, p. 112 — Lan-shya-kou (near Kansu border), Shensi. Parus Dejeani Oustalet, 1897, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 3, p. 209 — Tzeku, northern Yunnan. Lophophanes poecilopsis Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 11 — Chutung, western Yunnan. Mountains of western China, from Shensi-Kansu border south to about lat. 26°N. in Yunnan and west to about long. 94°E. in southwest Sikang; southern Chin Hills of Burma (Mt. Victoria). PARUS LUGUBRIS Parus lugubris lugubris Temminck Parus lugubris Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., ed. 2, p. 293 — Dalmatia and Hungary. Parus lugubris splendens Gengler, 1920, Balkanvoégel, p. 100 — Nevsha, eastern Bulgaria. Balkan peninsula, except central and southern Greece; north to Illyria, southern Hungary and the Rumanian Car- pathians, and south to northern Greece. Parus lugubris lugens Brehm Parus lugens Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige Vogelfang, p. 243 — Greece; type from Attica, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 483. Central and southern Greece, north to Mt. Olympus. An undetermined form of P. lugubris probably occurs in Crete. Parus lugubris anatoliae Hartert Parus lugubris anatoliae Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 368 — Ahoory, 5,000 ft., Asia Minor. Asia Minor, east to Batum, Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan. 76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Probably intergrading with dubius in southeast Asia Minor and Kurdistan, and perhaps with hyrcanus in Azerbaijan. Parus lugubris hyreanus (Zarudny and Loudon) Poecile lugubris hyrcanus Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 76 — Rustumabad, Ghilan, north- western Iran. South Caspian coastal region of Iran and northern slopes of the Elburz Mountains. Parus lugubris dubius Hellmayr Parus lugubris dubius Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 173 — Shiraz, Fars, Iran. New name for Poecile lugubris persica Prazak, 1895, Orn. Jahrb., 6, p. 81, preoccupied by Parus caeruleus persicus Blanford, 1873. Zagros Mountains of western Iran, from Kermanshah south to Fars. Parus lugubris kirmanensis Koelz Parus lugubris kirmanensis Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1452, p. 8— Deh Bakri, west of Bam, Kir- man, southeastern Iran. Only known from type locality and Jamal Bariz Range, southern Iran. PARUS MONTANUS Parus montanus loennbergi Zedlitz Parus atricapillus linnbergi Zedlitz, 1925, Fauna och Flora, p. 153 — Kuhmoniemi, Finland. Northern Fenno-Scandia and northern Russia, north to the tree limit. Intergrading with borealis to the south. Parus montanus borealis Selys-Longchamps Parus borealis Selys-Longchamps, 18438, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Bruxelles, 10, pt. 2, p. 28 — “‘Iceland”’ [= Norway, fide Vaurie, 1959, op. cit., p. 477]. Parus assimilis Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige Vogelfang, p. 242 — Galicia. Poecile salicaria bianchii Zarudny and Harms, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 67 — Pskov, Russia. New name for P. s. neglecta Zarudny and Harms, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 19, preoccupied by Parus rufescens neglectus Ridg- way, 1879, PARIDAE rhs Parus borealis tischlert Kleinschmidt, 1917, Falco, 13, p. 23 — East Prussia. Parus atricapillus rossicus Fediuschin, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75, p. 491 — Ufa, Russia. Parus atricapillus uralensis Grote, 1927, Orn. Monatsb., 35, p. 149. New name for P. a. rossicus Fediuschin, preoccupied by Parus russicus Brehm, 1855 [= Panurus biarmicus russicus (Brehm) ]. Fenno-Scandia, except the north; northeastern and east- central Europe, east to the Urals. Intergrading with loenn- bergi in southern Lapland, with baicalensis in the area of the Urals, with saitcarius in central Europe, and probably with montanus in the Carpathians. Parus montanus montanus Conrad Parus cinereus montanus Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827, Neue Alpina, 2, p. 31 — mountain forests of Graubiin- den, Switzerland. [Parus Salicarius] supermontanus Kleinschmidt, 1921, Berajah, p. 17—Trient, southern Tyrol [= Trento, Dolomites, northern Italy, fide Vaurie, 1959, loc. cit., p. 479]. [Parus Salicarius] transsylvanicus Kleinschmidt, 1921, Berajah, p. 17 — Kronstadt, Siebenbiirgen, Rumania. Poecile atricapillus elenae Lowe, 1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 8, p. 444 — Breuil, Valtournanche, north- ern Italy. Parus atricapillus relictus Troller, 1922, Orn. Beob., 20, p. 33 — St. Moritz, Graubiinden, Switzerland. Parus atricapillus alpinus Ghidini and von Burg, 1924 (fide Jouard, 1925, Rev. Franc. Orn., 9, pp. 72, 102) — Tessin and Grisons, Switzerland. Parus atricapillus festae von Burg, 1925, Die Tierwelt, p. 149—Carnic Alps, northeastern Italy [= Padola, Comelico Superiore, fide Festa, in Jouard, 1936, Alauda, 8, p. 485]. Parus atricapillus jouardt von Burg, 1925, Die Tierwelt, p. 180 — Montana Vermala, Valais, Switzerland. Parus atricapillus arrigoniu von Burg, 1925, Die Tierwelt, p. 180 — Cottian Alps, northwestern Italy; restricted to Casteldelfino by Jouard, 1936, Alauda, 8, p. 434. P{[arus] S[alicarius] styriacus Kleinschmidt, 1937, Bera- 718 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD jah, pp. 35, 36—Saint Georgen, near Judenburg, southern Austria. P[arus] S{[alicarius] schiebeli Kleinschmidt, 1937, Bera- jah, pp. 35, 36—“Zirknitz (Javornik), in Krain” [= Cerknica, Slovenia, northern Yugoslavia]. Parus atricapillus rhodopeus Harrison and Pateff, 1937, Ibis, p. 604 — Beglik, southern Bulgaria. Jura, Alps, and mountains of southeastern Europe (Tran- sylvanian Alps and mountains of Balkan peninsula south to Macedonia). Intergrading with rhenanus in the northwest, with salicarius in the north, and probably with borealis in the northeast (north side of the Carpathians). A form of P. montanus probably breeds in mountains of central Italy (southern Abruzzi). Parus montanus salicarius Brehm Parus salicarius Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturgesch. Vog. Deutschl., p. 465 — Germany; restricted to Renthen- dorf, Thuringia by Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 376. Parus accedens Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige Vogelfang, p. 242 — Germany. Parus salicarius submontanus Kleinschmidt and Tschusi, 1913, Falco, 9, p. 33 — Gmunden, Upper Austria. Parus salicarius natorpi Kleinschmidt, 1917, Falco, 13, p. 23 — “Silesia” [= Emanuelsegen, Pless, Upper Sile- sia, fide Stresemann and Sachtleben, 1920, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, p. 254]. Most of Germany and Austria. Intergrading with rhenanus in the west, with montanus in the south, and with borealis in the east. Parus montanus rhenanus Kleinschmidt? Parus rhenanus Kleinschmidt, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 168— Rhine, between Mainz and Worms [=near Darmstadt, fide Kleinschmidt, 1943, Kat. Ornith. Sammlung, p. 101], western Germany. Parus Salicarius subrhenanus Kleinschmidt and Jordans, 1916, Falco, 12, p. 17 — Bonn, Germany. Northern, northeastern and eastern France (except the 1 Kniprath (1967, Journ. f. Orn., 108, pp. 1-46) merges this race and kleinschmidti with salicarius. — Ed. PARIDAE 719 Jura and Alps), Low Countries, and northwestern Germany. Intergrading with montanus in the foothills of the Alps and Jura, and with salicarius in Germany. Parus montanus kleinschmidti Hellmayr Parus montanus kleinschmidti Hellmayr, 1900, Orn. Jahrb., 11, p. 212 — Finchley, near London, England. Great Britain. Parus montanus baicalensis (Swinhoe)? Poecile baicalensis Swinhoe, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 7, p. 257 — “Trans Baikal’; type probably from Kultuk, Lake Baikal, vide Hartert, 1905, Végel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 380. Poecile tunkanensis Madardsz, 1909, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, 7, p. 177 — Tunkun Mountains, Siberia. Poecile baicelensis suschkini Hachlor, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20, p. 8— Tarbagatai Mountains, Siberia. Parus atricapillus changaicus Fediuschin, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75, p. 491 — River Angarha, Khangai Mountains, northwest Mongolia. Parus atricapillus anadyrensis Belopolski, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 122— Markovo, Anadyr, eastern Siberia. Penthestes montanus shulpini Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 117—Suchan, southern Ussuriland, eastern Siberia. Siberia, from Urals in the west to Okhotsk Sea and Ana- dyr valley in the east. Intergrading with loennbergi in north- west; farther east north to tree limit. South in west to limit of wooded steppe; farther east south to Semipalatinsk, Tar- bagatai, Altai, Khangai and Sayan Mountains; in eastern Siberia south to Great Khingan Mountain of Manchuria, middle Amur valley, and Ussuri region as far as Korean border. Parus montanus kamtschatkensis (Bonaparte) Poecila kamtschatkensis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 230 —eastern Asia; restricted to Kamchatka by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 381. Kamtchatka and northern Kuriles. 1 Kniprath (1967, Journ. f. Orn., 108, pp. 1-46) merges this race with borealis. — Ed. 80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus montanus sachalinensis Lonnberg Parus atricapillus sachalinensis Lonnberg, 1908, Journ. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 23, art. 14, p. 20 — south of Susuya River, Sakhalin. Sakhalin and southern Kurile Islands. Parus montanus restrictus Hellmayr [Parus borealis] restrictus Hellmayr, 1900, Orn. Jahrb., 11, p. 215 — Shimotsuke-no-kuni, Honshu, Japan. Hokkaido and Honshu, Japan. Parus montanus songarus Sewertzow Parus songarus Sewertzow, 1873, Vertikal . . . Turkest. Zhivotn., 1872, p. 184 — Tian Shan. Tian Shan and Dzungarian Ala Tau, central Asia. Parus montanus affinis (Przewalski) Poecile affinis Przewalski, 1876, Mongol. i Strana Tangut., 2, p. 52 — Ala Shan and Kansu. Northwest China, from Inner Mongolia (Ala Shan and Muni-ula Mountains) to western Kansu and eastern Tsing- hai. Parus montanus stoetzneri Kleinschmidt Parus Salicarius stotznert Kleinschmidt, 1921, Berajah, p. 20 — Jehol [=30 km. northeast of Jehol (= Cheng- teh), southwestern Manchuria, fide Kleinschmidt, ibid., Oe S4tl|o Northern China (northeastern Chihli) and southwestern Manchuria (Mount Mulei and Alto-Rian). Parus montanus weigoldicus Kleinschmidt Parus weigoldicus Kleinschmidt, 1921, Falco, 17, p. 1— Atentze [= Atuntze, now Tehtsin], northwestern Yun- nan. New name for Parus Salicarius weigoldi Klein- schmidt, 1921, Berajah, p. 19, preoccupied by Parus cristatus weigoldi Tratz, 1914. Mountains of western China, from western Szechwan to eastern Sikang and south to extreme northwestern Yunnan. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS Parus atricapillus turneri Ridgway Parus atricapillus turneri Ridgway, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 2, p. 89 — St. Michael, Alaska. PARIDAE 81 Alaska, including Kodiak Island and Shumagin Islands, and northwestern Canada (extreme northwestern British Columbia, Yukon and western Mackenzie), north to the tree line. Intergrading with septentrionalis in Mackenzie and with occidentalis in northwestern British Columbia. Parus atricapillus occidentalis Baird Parus occidentalis Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, 1858, Rept. Expl. Surv. R.R. Pacific, 9, pp. xxxvii, 388, 391 — Shoalwater Bay, Washington. Southwestern British Columbia, Washington and Oregon west of the Cascades, and extreme northwestern California. Intergrading with turnerz in northwestern British Columbia, and with septentrionalis in southern British Columbia and east of the Cascades. Parus atricapillus septentrionalis Harris Parus septentrionalis Harris, 1846, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2 (1845), p. 300 — Yellowstone River, about 30 miles “below” [= above] its junction with the Missouri, Montana. Penthestes atricapillus fortuitus Dawson and Bowles, 1909, Birds Washington, 1, p. 273— Walla Walla, Washington. Parus atricapillus garrinus Behle, 1951, Auk, 68, p. 75 — Merkley Park, 5,500 ft., Ashley Canyon, 10 miles north of Vernal, Uintah County, Utah. West-central Canada and central United States, north to Great Slave Lake, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario, south to northern New Mexico and southern Kansas. Inter- grading with turneri in Mackenzie, with occidentalis in southern British Columbia, central Washington, and central Oregon; with nevadensis in southern Idaho and eastern Utah; and with atricapillus in central Ontario, Minnesota, Iowa and central Missouri. Parus atricapillus nevadensis (Linsdale) Penthestes atricapillus nevadensis Linsdale, 1938, Condor, 40, p. 37 — Salmon River at Shoshone Creek, 5,000 ft., Elko County, Nevada. Wasatch Mountains and Great Basin area, north to ex- treme northeastern Nevada and southern Idaho, west to west-central and southwestern Utah, south to northern Ari- 82 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD zona (San Francisco Mountains), and east to southeastern Utah. Intergrading with septentrionalis in southeastern Idaho, northeastern and eastern Utah, and with occidentalis in southwestern Idaho. Parus atricapillus atricapillus Linnaeus Parus atricapillus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 341 — Canada; restricted to Quebec City, Quebec, by Ober- holser, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, p. 219. Penthestes atricapillus anamesus Todd, 1988, Auk, 55, p. 116 — Mattice, northern Ontario, Canada. Penthestes atricapillus aldrichti Braund and McCullagh, 1940, Wilson Bull., 52, p. 114 — Eel Falls, 250 ft., Fox Bay, Anticosti Island. Eastern Canada and northeastern United States, north to shores of James Bay, Lake Mistassini and north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary (including Anticosti Island), south to central Missouri, central Illinois, northern Ohio, central Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Intergrading with septen- trionalis in central Ontario, Minnesota, Iowa, eastern Kan- sas, and Missouri. Wanders south of the breeding range in winter. Parus atricapillus bartletti (Aldrich and Nutt) Penthestes atricapillus bartletti Aldrich and Nutt, 1939, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, p. 29 — Makin- son’s Grove, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Prove- nance of Parus frigoris Selys-Longchamps, 1843, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Bruxelles, 10, p. 27, uncertain, although type locality restricted to St. John’s, Newfoundland, by Duvall, 1945, Auk, 62, p. 59. Newfoundland and Miquelon Island. Parus atricapillus practicus (Oberholser) Penthestes atricapillus practicus Oberholser, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, p. 220 — Mt. Guyot, 6,500 ft., Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina. Appalachian Mountains south to Great Smoky Mountains, intergrading with atricapillus in southern Pennsylvania. PARUS CAROLINENSIS Parus carolinensis atricapilloides Lunk Parus carolinensis atricapilloides Lunk, 1952, Wilson Bull., 64, p. 19 — 10 miles south of Arnett, Ellis County, Oklahoma. PARIDAE 83 Southern and eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, central and north-central Texas, and western Arkansas. Intergrading with agilis to the south. Parus carolinensis agilis Sennett Parus carolinensis agilis Sennett, 1888, Auk, 5, p. 46 — Bee County, Texas. Penthestes carolinensis guilloti Oberholser, 1938, Bird Life Louisiana, p. 425 — Belair, Louisiana. Eastern and southeastern Texas, south to the Nueces River, southern Arkansas, Louisiana, and western Missis- sippi. Intergrading with atricapilloides to the north and with carolinensis to the east. Parus carolinensis carolinensis Audubon Parus carolinensis Audubon, 1834, Orn. Biog., 2, p. 341 — Charleston, South Carolina. Parus carolinensis impiger Bangs, 1903, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4, p. 1— Deep Creek, near Lake Ashby, eastern Florida. Southeastern United States, west to eastern Mississippi and north to northern Mississippi, northern Alabama, west- ern Tennessee, southeastern Kentucky, and southern Vir- ginia. Intergrading with agilis in the west and extimus in the north. Parus carolinensis extimus (Todd and Sutton) Penthestes carolinensis extimus Todd and Sutton, 1936, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49, p. 70 — Bethany, West Virginia. Eastern United States, north of carolinensis, west to eastern Missouri, north to southern Illinois, southern Indi- ana, southern Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, Maryland, southeastern Pennsylvania, and central New Jersey. Intergrading with carolinensis to the south. PARUS SCLATERI Parus sclateri eidos (Peters) Penthestes sclateri eidos Peters, 1927, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 9, p. 118 — Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Extreme southern United States (Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona, San Luis and Animas Mountains of New Mexico, 84 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD and Davis Mountains of Texas), south into northern Mexico, in Sonora, Chihuahua, northwestern Durango, and southern Coahuila. Parus sclateri sclateri Kleinschmidt P[arus] sclateri Kleinschmidt, 1897, Journ. f. Orn., 45, p. 133 — El Jacale, southern Mexico [= Veracruz or Puebla]. New name for Parus meridionalis Sclater, 1857, preoccupied by P. meridionalis Lilljeborg, 1852. Highlands of southern Mexico, from Zacatecas southeast to Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz. Parus sclateri rayi Miller and Storer Parus sclatert ray Miller and Storer, 1950, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 40, p. 301— Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Highlands of southern Mexico, south of sclateri, from extreme southern Jalisco through Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero to Oaxaca. PARUS GAMBELI Parus gambeli abbreviatus (Grinnell) Penthestes gambeli abbreviatus Grinnell, 1918, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17, no. 17, p. 510 — Horse Creek, Siskiyou Mountains (near Seiad Valley Post Office), Siskiyou County, California. Penthestes gambeli grinnelli van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 104 — Priest Lake, Bonner County, Idaho. Northwestern, central, and southern British Columbia and western Alberta, north to Atlin, west to the Coast Range, and east to eastern slopes of Rocky Mountains; south through mountains of northwestern United States to high coast ranges of the Sierra Nevada in northwestern Califor- nia, Blue Mountains of Oregon, mountains of central Idaho, and Rocky Mountains in southern Montana. Intergrading with gambeli in Montana and with inyoensis in central Idaho. Parus gambeli inyoensis (Grinnell) Penthestes gambeli inyoensis Grinnell, 1918, Univ. Cali- fornia Publ. Zool., 17, p. 509 — Panamint Mountains, 3 miles east of Jackass Spring, 6,200 ft., Inyo County, California. PARIDAE 85 Parus gambeli wasatchensis Behle, 1950, Condor, 52, p. 273 — Silver Lake P.O. (Brighton), 9,000 ft., head of Big Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, Utah. Great Basin areas of western United States; north to central Idaho, west to north-central and central Nevada and higher mountains east of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California, east to southwestern Wyoming and eastern Utah, and south to southeastern California (Clark Mountain) and southern Utah. Intergrading with abbreviatus in the north, and with gambeli in southwestern Wyoming, western Colo- rado, eastern and southern Utah, and northern Arizona. Parus gambeli gambeli Ridgway Parus gambeli Ridgway, 1886, in Amer. Orn. Union Check-List North Amer. Birds, ed. 1, p. 3835 — about one day’s journey west of Santa Fé, New Mexico. New name for Parus montanus Gambel, 1843, preoccupied by Parus montanus Conrad, 1827. Southern parts of the Rocky Mountains and other moun- tain ranges of southern United States, in Wyoming, Colo- rado, Arizona, New Mexico and southwestern Texas; south to southeastern Arizona (Santa Catalina Mountains), south- ern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas. Intergrading with abbreviatus in the north and with inyoensis in the’ west. Parus gambeli baileyae Grinnell Parus gambeli baileyae Grinnell, 1908, Condor, 10, p. 29 — Mount Wilson, 5,500 ft., Sierra San Gabriel, Los Angeles County, California. Higher mountains of southwestern California, from Santa Lucia Mountains (Monterey County) south to Cuyamaca Mountains (San Diego County). Parus gambeli atratus (Grinnell and Swarth) Penthestes gambeli atratus Grinnell and Swarth, 1926, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 30, p. 163 — La Grulla, 7,200 ft., Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Sierra San Pedro MArtir and Sierra Juarez, northern Baja California. 86 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD PARUS SUPERCILIOSUS Parus superciliosus (Przewalski) Poecile superciliosa Przewalski, 1876, Mongol. i Strana Tangut., 2, p. 53— alpine regions of Kansu, north- western China. Mountains of western China, from eastern Sikang and southern Tsinghai to northwestern Kansu and south to western Szechwan. PARUS DAVIDI Parus davidi (Berezowski and Bianchi) Poecile Davidi Berezowski and Bianchi, 1891, Aves Exped. Potanini (St. Pétersbourg), p. 113 — southern Kansu, China. Mountains of western China, from eastern Sikang to southwestern Kansu and south to western Szechwan. PARUS CINCTUS Parus cinctus lapponicus Lundahl Parus Lapponicus Lundahl, 1848, Notiser Sallsk. Fauna Flora Fenn., 1, p. 4 — Lapland. Wooded areas of Lapland, from about lat. 64°N. north to tree limit; east through the northern part of taiga zone of European Russia to the Petchora. Parus cinctus cinctus Boddaert Parus cinctus Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 44 — Siberia. Parus (Poecila) obtectus Cabanis, 1871, Journ. f. Orn., 19, p. 237 — south of Lake Baikal. Poecile kolymensis Buturlin, 1908, Journ. f. Orn., 56, p. 284 — northeastern Siberia (Kolyma district). Northern parts of taiga zone of Siberia, from the Petchora east to Kamtchatka and coast of the Okhotsk Sea; south in eastern part of range to Lake Baikal and the Middle Amur. Isolated populations may breed in northern Hopeh and Inner Mongolia. Parus cinctus sayanus (Sushkin) Poecile cincta sayana Sushkin, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 44 — western Sayan and Altai Mountains, Siberia. Montane woodlands of Altai, Sayan and Tannu Ola Moun- tains. PARIDAE 87 Parus cinctus lathami Stephens Parus Lathami Stephens, 1817, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, p. 44 — Norton Sound, Alaska. Poecile cincta alascensis Prazak, 1895, Orn. Jahrb., 6, p. 92 — Alaska. Western and northern Alaska, east to northwestern Mackenzie. PARUS HUDSONICUS Parus hudsonicus columbianus Rhoads Parus hudsonicus columbianus Rhoads, 1893, Auk, 10, p. 23 — Field, British Columbia, Canada. Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and Alberta, and central and southern British Columbia west of the Rockies (excluding coastal areas); south to Similkameem River, Selkirk Range, and extreme northwestern Montana. Parus hudsonicus cascadensis Miller Parus hudsonicus cascadensis A. H. Miller, 1948, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 14, p. 262 —one mile south of Monument 83, U.S./Canadian boundary at long. 120° 3814’ W., 6,000 ft., Okanogan County, Washington. Cascade Mountains in extreme northern Washington and extreme southern British Columbia. Parus hudsonicus hudsonicus Forster Parus Hudsonicus Forster, 1772, Phil. Trans., 62, pp. 408, 430 — Severn River, west coast of Hudson Bay, Canada. Para [sic] hudsonicus rabbittst Burleigh and Peters, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 115 — St. Andrews, Newfoundland. Penthestes hudsonicus labradorius Todd, 1950, Ann. Car- negie Mus., 31, p. 334 — Rigolet, Labrador. Parus hudsonicus farleyi Godfrey, 1951, Canadian Field Nat., 65, p. 26 — Lac la Nonne, Alberta, Canada. Northern forest areas of North America, from tree limit in north-central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, north- ern Quebec, Labrador and Newfoundland, south to southern Alaska, southwestern Mackenzie, central Alberta, Saskatche- wan and Manitoba, northern Minnesota and Michigan, southeastern Ontario, and southern Quebec. 88 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus hudsonicus littoralis Bryant Parus hudsonicus var. littoralis Bryant, 1865, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 368 — Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and extreme northeastern United States (northern and central Maine, northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont and northeastern New York). Occurs south of breeding range in winter. PARUS RUFESCENS Parus rufescens rufescens Townsend Parus rufescens Townsend, 1837, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, p. 190 — forests of Columbia River; probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington. ? Parus rufescens caliginosus Burleigh, 1959, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72, p. 15 — 20 miles northeast Mos- cow, Latah County, Idaho. Not Parus wollweberi caligi- nosus. [Specimens not seen — D. W.S.]. Coastal areas of western North America, from southern Alaska (Resurrection Bay, Montague Island) south to Sonoma County, California. In Alaska and northern British Columbia confined to coastal strip; farther south, inland to Hazelton, Fraser River and locally in Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and western Alberta. In United States continuous populations range through western parts of Washington and Oregon, from Cascade Mountains to the coast, and coastal ranges of California; inland occurs in northeastern Washington, northern Idaho and northwestern Montana, in Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon, and locally in Sierra Nevada of California (Calaveras County). Parus rufescens neglectus Ridgway Parus rufescens 6 neglectus Ridgway, 1879, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 485 — Nicasio, Marin County, Cali- fornia. Southwestern Marin County, California. Parus rufescens barlowi Grinnell Parus rufescens barlowi Grinnell, 1900, Condor, 2, p. 127 — Stevens’ Creek Cafion, Santa Clara County, Cali- fornia. Coastal belt of southern California, from San Francisco Bay south to San Luis Obispo County. PARIDAE 89 PARUS WOLLWEBERI Parus wollweberi phillipsi van Rossem Parus wollweberi phillipsi van Rossem, 1947, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 31, p. 89 — Yank Spring, 4,000 ft., Sycamore Canon, Pajaritos Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Mountains of central and southeastern Arizona south of Great Colorado Plateau, southwestern New Mexico, and Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico south through northern and eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua to approximately lat. 27°N. in Chihuahua. Parus wollweberi wollweberi (Bonaparte) Lophophanes wollweberi Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 31, p. 478 — Zacatecas, Mexico. Parus annexus Cassin, 1850, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, 5, p. 103 — “Texas, upon the Rio Grande,” errore, (fide van Rossem, 1947, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chi- cago], 31, pp. 87-88). Parus wollweberi caliginosus van Rossem, 1947, Fieldi- ana: Zool. [Chicago], 31, p. 89 — Omilteme, 8,000 ft., Guerrero, Mexico. Central and southern highlands of Mexico, north to Durango in the northwest and Nuevo Leon (Sierra Madre Oriental) in the northeast; south to Guerrero and Oaxaca. PARUS RUBIDIVENTRIS Parus rubidiventris rufonuchalis Blyth Parus rufonuchalis Blyth, 1849, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 18, p. 810 — “Range beyond Simla, near the snow-line,”’ northwestern Himalayas. Parus rufonuchalis blanchardi Meinertzhagen, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 58, p. 95 — Gardez Forest, northwest- ern [= eastern] Afghanistan. Parus rufonuchalis parvirostris Keve, 19438, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-Naturwiss., 80, p. 18 — Naryn, Tian Shan. Mountains of western and central Asia; from the Tian Shan in the north, south through Ferghana, Hissar Moun- tains, Alai Mountains and Pamirs to the Hindu Kush and mountains of Kashmir; in Afghanistan west to the western part of north-central Afghanistan (Burchao Pass) and 90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD south through southeastern Afghanistan to northern Balu- chistan (Quetta district) ; in Kashmir east to Bashahr. Parus rubidiventris rubidiventris Blyth Parus rubidiventris Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 445 — Nepal. Central Himalayas, from Tehri east to east-central Nepal. Parus rubidiventris beavani (Jerdon) Lophophanes Beavani Jerdon, 18638, Birds India, 2, p. 275 — Mount Tonglo, Sikkim. Parus rufonuchalis whistleri Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 107 — Lau-hu-kou, southern Tetung Mountains, northwestern Kansu. Parus rufonuchalis szetschwanensis Meise, 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 85, p. 514— Mount Wa Shan, central western Szechwan [= eastern Sikang]. Eastern Himalayas and mountains of southeastern Tibet, western China and northeastern Burma; west to eastern Nepal, north to western Kansu, and southeast to northeast- ern Burma and northwestern Yunnan. Parus rubidiventris saramatii Ripley Parus rubidiventris saramatu Ripley, 1961, Journ. Boake baya) Nata lists) S0C) 5S.) Dacca — Mount Saramati, 10,500 ft., Naga Hills, Burma. Known only from type locality. PARUS MELANOLOPHUS Parus melanolophus Vigors Parus melanolophus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-31, p. 23 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471. Western Himalayas, from eastern Afghanistan to Kumaun and Almora and extreme western Nepal. PARUS ATER Parus ater ater Linnaeus _ Parus ater Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 190 — Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 356. Periparus ater amurensis Buturlin, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 80 — Amur Valley. PARIDAE 91 Parus ater intermedius von Burg, 1921, Weidmann, no. 46, p. 8 — Switzerland (winter visitor). Periparus ater tyoosenensis Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 31 — Keiki district, central Korea. Parus ater burgi Jouard, 1928, Rev. Frane. Orn., 12, p. 372 — Montana, Valais, Switzerland. Parus ater rapinensis Jouard, 1928, Rev. France. Orn., 12, p. 873 — Lambézellec, Finistére, France. Parus ater parisi Jouard, 1928, Rev. Franc. Orn., 12, p. 873 — Vernet-les-Bains, Pyrenées Orientales, France. Parus ater mediterraneus Jouard, 1928, Rev. Franc. Orn., 12, p. 374 — Peira Cava, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Parus ater rufolateralis Keve, 1948, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-Naturwiss., 80, p. 21 — Bolu Dagh, Elemen Jaila, northwestern Turkey. Parus ater rosso-sibiricus Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 92 (1944), p. 178 — Baraba Steppe, Popowo, 20 km. southeast of Kainsk, western Siberia. Most of Europe and Siberia; Asia Minor. North in Fenno- Scandia to southern Lapland, in European Russia and western Siberia to about lat. 65° N., and in eastern Siberia to Verkhoyansk Mountains, Okhotsk coast and Kamtchatka (northern limit of range apparently inconstant). South to Pyrenees, southern France, southern Italy and Sicily, moun- tains of Greece and Bulgaria, mountains of Asia Minor including Mount Lebanon, in Russia to approximately lat. 50°N., in western Sibera to Kusnezker Alatau, Salair, Altai and Sayan Mountains, and in eastern Siberia and northern Mongolia to Kentei Mountains, Lesser Khingan Mountains, the Amur basin and Korea. East to Sakhalin. In winter migrates sporadically to the south of breeding area, espe- cially in eastern parts of range. Intergrading with vieirae in Pyrenees, and with pekinensis in Manchuria. Parus ater britannicus Sharpe and Dresser Parus britannicus Sharpe and Dresser, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 8, p. 437— England; restricted to Avington, Hampshire, by Grant, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 23. Parus ater pinicolus Clancey, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 66 — Rothiemurchus, Inverness, northern Scot- land. 92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Great Britain, intergrading with hibernicus in extreme west. Parus ater hibernicus Ogilvie-Grant Parus hibernicus Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 37 — Ireland. Ireland, intergrading with britannicus in northeastern Ireland. Parus ater vieirae Nicholson Parus vieirae Nicholson, 1906, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Phil. Soc., 50, p. 16 — Coimbra, Portugal. Parus ater lusitanicus Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 154 — Oporto, Portugal. Parus ater cabrerae Witherby, 1928, Ibis, p. 483 — Cerce- dilla, Sierra Guadarrama, central Spain. Spain and Portugal, intergrading with ater in the Pyrenees. Parus ater sardus Kleinschmidt Parus sardus Kleinschmidt, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 186 — Arzana, Sardinia. Corsica and Sardinia. Parus ater atlas Meade-Waldo Parus atlas Meade-Waldo, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12, p. 27 — Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Northern Morocco (High Atlas, Middle Atlas, and Rif). Parus ater ledouci Malherbe Parus ledouct Malherbe, 1845, Bull. Soc. Moselle, 3, p. 57 — Bone, Algeria. Mountains of northern Tunisia and northern Algeria, west in Algeria to the Ouarsenis and Ouled Nail Mountains. Parus alter cypriotes Dresser Parus cypriotes Dresser, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 563 — Kikko Monastery, 4,000 ft., Cyprus. Mount Troodos, Cyprus. Parus ater moltchanovi Menzbier Parus moltchanovi Menzbier, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 49 — Jaila Mountains, Crimea. Jaila Mountains of Crimean Peninsula, southern Russia. PARIDAE 93 Parus ater michalowskii Bogdanov Parus Michalowski Bogdanov, 1879, Trudy Obsh. Estest. Imp. Kazan Univ., 8, p. 87 — Kirschalevi, Suram Pass, western Transcaucasia. Parus ater prageri Hellmayr, 1915, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 119—Jagdhaus Kischa, Little Laba Valley, northwestern Caucasus. Caucasus Mountains. Parus ater derjugini (Zarudny and Loudon) Periparus ater L. var. derjugini Zarudny and Loudon, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 129 — “Tschoroch district, Caucasus” [=Chorok, Lasistan, northeastern Asia Minor]. Northern Armenia. Parus ater gaddi (Zarudny) Periparus phaeonotus gaddi Zarudny, 1911, Journ. f. Orn., 59, p. 236 — southern Caspian region, Iran. Elburz Mountains and adjoining Caspian coastal region of Iran. Parus ater chorassanicus Zarudny and Bilkevitsch Parus ater chorassanicus Zarudny and Bilkevitsch, 1911, Mess. Orn., p. 307 — Khorasan and Transcaspia. Mountains of northern Chorassan in northeastern Iran and southern Transcaspia. Parus ater phaeonotus Blanford Parus phaeonotus Blanford, 1873, Ibis, p. 88— oak forests near Shiraz, southern Iran. Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran. Parus ater rufipectus Severtzow Parus ater var. rufipectus Severtzow, 18738, Vertikal... Turkest. Zhivotn., 1872, p. 184—central Tian Shan. Tian Shan, from the Alexandrovski Mountains in the west, east to the Bogdo Ola and East Hami Mountains. Parus ater aemodius Blyth Parus aemodius Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 948 — Nepal. Eastern Himalayas and adjoining mountains of western China and southeastern Asia, from central Nepal eastward to Shensi and Kansu in western China and southeast to northern Burma. 94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus ater pekinensis David Parus pekinensis David, 1870, Ibis, p. 155 — Peking. Northern China (Chihli) and southern Manchuria; inter- grading with ater in the north. Parus ater insularis Hellmayr Parus ater insularis Hellmayr, 1902, Orn. Jahrb., 13, p. 36 — Suruga, Honshu, Japan. Periparus ater teraokai Kuroda, 1922, Ibis, p. 100 — Tsushima Island, Japan. Periparus ater takahashii Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 31 — Quelpart Island, Japan. Parus ater takatsukasae Bergmann, 1931, Ark. f. Zool., 23B, p. 38— Kamiikotan, Yeterofu (Iturup), Kurile Islands. Japan, including the southern Kurile, Tsushima and Quel- part Islands. Parus ater kuatunensis La Touche Parus ater kuatunensis La Touche, 19238, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 33 — Kuatun, northwestern Fohkien, China. Mountains of northwestern Fohkien, China. Parus ater ptilosus Ogilvie-Grant Parus ater ptilosus Ogilvie-Grant, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 108 — Mount Arizan, Formosa. Mountains of Formosa. PARUS VENUSTULUS Parus venustulus Swinhoe Parus venustulus Swinhoe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 188 — gorges of Yangtze between Kweifoo (Szech- wan) and Ichang (Hupeh). China, from Chihli south to Kwangtung, west to Kansu and Szechwan. PARUS ELEGANS Parus elegans edithae (McGregor) Pardaliparus edithae McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2, p. 294—Calayan Island, Babuyan Group, northern Philippines. Babuyan Group (north of Luzon), Philippine Islands. PARIDAE 95 Parus elegans montigenus (Hachisuka) Pardaliparus elegans montigenus Hachisuka, 1930, Suppl. Publ. Orn. Soc. Japan, no. 14, p. 200 — Haight’s Place, 2,469 m., near Baguio, Mountain Province, Luzon. Highlands of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans gilliardi Parkes Parus elegans gilliardi Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, p. 98—Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon. Bataan peninsula, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans elegans Lesson Parus elegans Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 456 — no locality; Manila, Luzon, designated by Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, p. 100. Pardaliparus elegans panayensis Mearns, 1916, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 51, p. 57 — Panay, Philippine Islands. Southern Luzon, Mindoro, and Panay, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans visayanus (Hachisuka) Pardaliparus elegans visayanus Hachisuka, 1930, Suppl. Publ. Orn. Soc. Japan, no. 14, p. 201 — Danao, Cebu, Philippine Islands. Cebu, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans albescens (McGregor) Pardaliparus albescens McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2, p. 293 — Ticao Island, Philippine Islands. Pardaliparus elegans guimarasensis Mearns, 1916, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 51, p. 58— Guimaras, Philippine Islands. Ticao, Masbate, Guimaras and Negros, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans mindanensis (Mearns) Pardaliparus elegans mindanensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 8— Mt. Apo, 6,200 ft., Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Parus elegans suluensis (Mearns) Pardaliparus elegans suluensis Mearns, 1916, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 51, p. 59 — Sulu, Philippine Islands. Sulu and Tawi-tawi, Philippine Islands. 96 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus elegans bongaoensis Parkes Parus elegans bongaoensis Parkes, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71, p. 105 — Bongao Island, Sulu Archi- pelago, Philippine Islands. Known only from type locality. PARUS AMABILIS Parus amabilis Sharpe Parus amabilis Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., 1, p. 388 — Balabac, Philippine Islands. Palawan and Balabac, Philippine Islands. PARUS CRISTATUS Parus cristatus cristatus Linnaeus Parus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 189 — Europe; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 3638. Parus cristatus insubricus von Burg, 1922, Weidmann, no. 4 — Bregaglia Valley, southeastern Switzerland [refer- ence not verified]. Parus cristatus somovi Fediuschin, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75, p. 492 — Smiev, Kharkov, Russia. Parus cristatus alpinus Heim de Balsac and Jouard, 1927, Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 292 — Montana-Vermala plateau, Valais, Switzerland. Parus cristatus poeninus Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 36. New name for Parus cristatus alpinus, preoccupied by Parus atricapillus alpinus Ghidini and van Burg, 1924. Parus cristatus Bureschi Jordans, 1940, Bull. Inst. Roy. Hist. Nat. Sophia, 13, p. 90 — Pirin Mountain, above Bansko, Bulgaria. Northern and eastern Europe, and the Alps; north in Scandinavia and Finland to limit of conifers, thence south- east through northern Russia to the central Urals; south to southern edge of the Alps, in Balkan peninsula to southern Albania, northern Greece (Mount Olympus) and Bulgarian Macedonia (Alibotusch and Rhodope Mountains), and in Russia to Kharkov, Voronesch and Simbirsk; east: to the western edge of the Urals, where it meets baschkirikus. PARIDAE 97 Absent from Danish and Baltic islands. Intergrading with mitratus in central and north-central Europe (northern and western edge of Alps, southern and eastern Germany). Parus cristatus baschkirikus (Snigirewski) Lophophanes cristatus baschkirikus Snigirewski, 1931, Journ. f. Orn., 79, p. 59— Miass, southern Urals, Russia. Western and eastern slopes of the Urals, in the Sverdlovsk and Lake Miass areas. Parus cristatus mitratus Brehm Parus mitratus Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutsch., p. 467 — Black Forest, Germany. Parus cristatus albifrons Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 38 — Font-Romeu, Pyrénées Orientales, France. Parus cristatus heimi Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 38 — Mont-Chauve, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Parus cristatus hispanus Jordans, 1933, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, p. 257 — Mosqueruela, Teruel, eastern Spain. Central and western Europe (northern and central parts of the Iberian peninsula, most of France, and most of Ger- many) ; north to North Sea, west to Atlantic coast of France (except Brittany and Normandy) and northern Spain, and south to central Spain (Sierra Guadarrama), Mediterranean coast of France, and northern edge of the Alps. Intergrading with cristatus in the east, with abadiet in northwestern France, and with weigoldi in central Spain and northern Portugal. Parus cristatus abadiei Jouard Parus cristatus abadiei Jouard, 1929, Alauda, 1, p. 87 — Lambézellec, Brittany, France. Northwestern France (Brittany and Normandy). Inter- grading with mitratus in the east. Parus cristatus weigoldi Tratz Parus cristatus weigoldi Tratz, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 50 —Favaios and Alijo, Portugal [reference not verified]. Southern and western parts of Iberian peninsula. Inter- grading with mitratus in the north. An undetermined form 98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD of Parus cristatus occurs in the Rif Mountains, northern Morocco. Parus cristatus scoticus (Prazak) Lophophanes cristatus scotica Prazak, 1897, Journ. f. Orn., 45, p. 347 — Scotland; restricted to Strath Spey by Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 108. North-central Scotland (Spey Valley, Findhorn Valley, and locally farther west). PARUS DICHROUS Parus dichrous kangrae (Whistler) Lophophanes dichrous kangrae Whistler, 1982, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 20 — Koti State, near Simla, north- western India. Northwestern Himalayas, from southern Kashmir and Dharmsala east to Tehri, Gahrwal and Kumaun. Parus dichrous dichrous Blyth Parus dichrous Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1844, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 943 — Nepal; restricted to high altitudes of north-central Nepal by Biswas, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 88. Parus dichrous izzardi Biswas, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 88—Thammu, Bhote Kosi Valley, Khumbu, eastern Nepal. Central and eastern Himalayas, from Nepal through Sikkim and Bhutan to southeastern Tibet. Parus dichrous wellsi Baker Parus dichrous wellsi Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 8— Big Bend of the Yangtze, western Yunnan, China. i Parus dichrous arceuthinus Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 361— Wa Shan, 11,000 ft., western Szechwan [= eastern Sikang], China. Mountains of western and southwestern China (eastern Sikang, western Szechwan and western Yunnan) and north- eastern Burma (Chimili Pass). Parus dichrous dichroides (Przewalski) Lophophanes dichroides Przewalski, 1877, Mongol. i Strana Tangut., 2, p. 54 — Kansu. Mountains of northwestern China (western Kansu). PARIDAE 99 PARUS AFER! Parus afer thruppi Shelley Parus thruppi Shelley, 1885, Ibis, p. 406 — Somaliland [‘“‘near centre of plateau,” south of Burao]. Melaniparus afer fricki Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61, p. 5 — Dire Daoua (Diredawa), Ethiopia. Somalilands to eastern and southern Ethiopia, intergrad- ing with barakae; poorly differentiated. Parus afer barakae Jackson Parus barakae Jackson, 1899, Ibis, p. 6839 — Njemps, Lake Baringo, Kenya. Interior of Kenya to northeastern Uganda and northeast- ern Tanzania (Tanganyika). Parus afer benguelae Hall and Traylor Parus afer benguelae Hall and Traylor, 1959, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 79, p. 45 — 12 miles southeast of Benguella, Angola. Coastal southwestern Angola from Benguella southwards. Parus afer cinerascens Vieillot Parus cinerascens Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 20, p. 316 — Camdeboo, apparently on Orange River ; restricted to Pelladrift, northern Cape Province, by Clancey, 1958, Ibis, 100, p. 453. Parus afer intermedius Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 241 — Potchefstroom, Transvaal; preoccupied by Parus major intermedius Zarudny, 1890. Parus afer damarensis Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 77 — Damaraland. Parus afer orphnus Clancey, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 78, p. 188. New name for Parus afer intermedius Shelley, 1900, preoccupied by Parus major intermedius Zarudny, 1890. Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal, northwest interior Cape Province to Kenhardt, Bechuanaland, South West Africa, and Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia). 1 White (1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, Tits, ... and Waxbills) has been followed, with a few modifications, for the African taxa of Parus. — D. W.S. 100 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus afer afer Gmelin Parus afer Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 1010 — Cape of Good Hope. Parus brunnescens Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 154 — Kubub, Namaland. Parus afer arens Clancey, 1963, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 260 — Farm ‘‘Elandshoek,”’ south of Aliwal North, northeastern Cape Province. Western Cape Province to just north of the Orange River, east to Deelfontein and Aliwal North. PARUS GRISEIVENTRIS Parus griseiventris Reichenow Parus griseiventris Reichenow, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 210 — Kakoma, Tabora District, Tanganyika. Parus afer parvirostris Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 241 — Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. Parus afer lundarum White, 1946, Ibis, 88, p. 100 — Kahutu, between Kabompo and Manyinga Rivers in southern Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia. Eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), Zambia (North- ern Rhodesia), Malawi (Nyasaland) west of rift and north- ern Mozambique to western Tanzania (Tanganyika) and north to Tabora, Katanga, and greater part of Angola, south to about lat. 9° S. PARUS NIGER! Parus niger carpi Macdonald and Hall Parus niger carpi Macdonald and Hall, 1957, Ann. Trans- vaal Mus., 23, p. 33 — Warmquelle, Kaokoveld, South West Africa. Coastal areas of southwestern Africa, and inland to Sa da Bandeira and Quilengues, from about lat. 10° S. in Angola south to Damaraland. Parus niger niger Vieillot Parus niger Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 20, p. 325 — Sondag [=Sunday] River, eastern Cape Province (ex Levaillant, pl. 187). 1 Clancey’s treatment (1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, pp. 167-177) of this species and of P. leucomelas is markedly different from that em- ployed here, but lack of material prevents a critical review of his work. — D. W. S. PARIDAE 101 Parus xanthostomus Shelley, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 6— Zambezi; restricted to Victoria Falls by Clancey, 1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. 174. ? Parus niger ravidus Clancey, 1964, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, p. £75 — Mkien' Farm at lat. 19° 57’ S:, long. 28° 36’ E., near Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia. Southern Africa, from Nyasaland and southern and east- ern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) south through eastern Bechuanaland, Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) and Mozam- bique to Transvaal, Natal and eastern Cape Province. PARUS LEUCOMELAS Parus leucomelas guineensis Shelley Parus leucomelas guineensis Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 229 — Volta River, Gold Coast. Parus niger camerunensis Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 484 — Tibati, Middle Cameroon. Parus niger purpurascens van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 112 — Entebbe, Uganda. West and west-central Africa, from Senegal east through French Equatorial Africa to Darfur and Upper Nile (north to about lat. 138° N.); Uganda, around Lake Kyoga and northern shores of Lake Victoria; south to north coast of Gulf of Guinea (but avoiding forest areas) and northern edge of Congo forests. Parus leucomelas leucomelas Riippell Parus leucomelas Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p. 100 — Halei Province, Temben, Ethiopia. Parus niger lacuum Neumann, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 77 — Suksuki River, Lake Zwai, Ethiopia. Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia, south to Lake Rudolf, where probably intergrades with guwineensis. Parus leucomelas insignis Cabanis Parus (Pentheres) insignis Cabanis, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 419 — Malanje, Angola; fide Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 5138. Parus filleborni Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 5 — Undis, Songea district, Tanzania (Tanganyika). Central and south-central Africa, from Gabon and north- western Angola eastward, south of Lower Guinea Forest, to southwestern Uganda, Ruanda-Urundi, and Tanzania (Tan- 102 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ganyika); south to central Angola, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Tete Province of Mozambique, and southern Malawi (Nyasaland) west of Lake Nyasa and Shiré Valley. Status of fuelleborni uncertain, but may be intermediate form between Parus leucomelas and Parus albiventris (Grote, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 9). PARUS ALBIVENTRIS Parus albiventris Shelley Parus albiventris Shelley, 1881, Ibis, p. 116 — Ugogo, northern Tanganyika Territory. Parus albiventris curtus Friedmann, 1926, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 217 — Taveta, Kenya. Mountains of southeastern Nigeria and western Came- roons. East African highlands and coastal areas of Kenya, from extreme southern Sudan south through northeastern Uganda and Kenya highlands and coast (from Vanga to Lamu) to Iringa and Ufipa in southwestern Tanzania (Tan- ganyika). PARUS LEUCONOTUS Parus leuconotus Guérin-Méneville Parus leuconotus Guérin-Méneville, 1843, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 6, p. 162 — Abyssinia. Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia, south to Jimma and Ginir. PARUS FUNEREUS Parus funereus funereus (J. and E. Verreaux) Melanoparus funereus J. and E. Verreaux, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 104 — Gabon. Parus nigricinereus Jackson, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 22 — Nandi, Kenya. Forest areas of central Africa, from coast of Cameroons, Gabon, and Kasai district of Congo east to southeastern Sudan, Uganda, Nandi district of Kenya, and southern Kivu. Parus funereus gabela Traylor Parus funereus gabela Traylor, 1961, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 81, p. 3— 15 kilometers south of Gabela, Cuanza Sul, Angola. Known only from type locality. PARIDAE 1038 PARUS FASCIIVENTER Parus fasciiventer fasciiventer Reichenow Parus fasciiventer Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 31 — Ruwenzorl. Ruwenzori and mountains northwest of Lake Edward; highlands west of Lake Kivu, and east of Lake Kivu south to the Rugege Forest (Forét d’Astrida), Ruanda-Urundi. Parus fasciiventer tanganjicae Reichenow Parus fasciiventer tanganjicae Reichenow, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 42 — forest west of Lake Tanganyika. Mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika and west of the Ruzizi River, south Kivu. Parus fasciiventer kaboboensis Prigogine Parus fasciventer kaboboensis Prigogine, 1956, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 55, p. 44 — Mount Kabobo, 2,080 m. Mount Kabobo, west of Lake Tanganyika. PARUS FRINGILLINUS Parus fringillinus Fischer and Reichenow Parus fringillinus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 56 — foot of Mt. Meru, Arusha, Tanganyika. Southern Kenya and northern and central Tanzania (Tan- ganyika), from the Loita Plains and Kiu south to Dodoma and Mpwapwa; west to the Simiyu River and east to Kili- manjaro, Losogonoi Mountain, and Kibaya. PARUS RUFIVENTRIS Parus rufiventris rufiventris Bocage Parus rufiventris Barboza du Bocage, 1877, Jorn. Sci. Mat. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 161 — Caconda, Angola. West-central Africa, from the Middle Congo south to Ovamboland, east to western Katanga and extreme western Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) ; intergrading with masuku- ensis in the last two areas. Parus rufiventris masukuensis Shelley Parus masukuensis Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 238 — Masuku Range, northern Nyasaland. All but extreme western Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), eastern Katanga, and northern and central Malawi (Nyasa- land) west of Lake Nyasa and Shiré Valley. Probably inter- 104 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD grading with rufiventris in central and northern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) and southeastern Congo, and with pallidiventris in Malawi (Nyasaland) west of the southern end of Lake Nyasa. Parus rufiventris pallidiventris Reichenow Parus pallidiventris Reichenow, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 33, p. 217 — Kakoma, Tabora district, Tanganyika. Parus rovumae Shelley, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 6 — near Rovuma River, border of Tanganyika and Mozambique. Central Tanzania (Tanganyika), from Tabora to Mpwapwa, south to northern Mozambique and southern Malawi (Nyasaland), east of Lake Nyasa and Shiré Valley, reappearing south of Zambezi Valley in eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) south to Mt. Selinda. PARUS MAJOR Parus major major Linnaeus Parus major Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 189 — Europe. Parus maior (sic) sulfureus Kollibay, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 459 — southern Dalmatia. Parus major scytharum Floericke, 1920, Mitt. Vogelw., 18, p. 36 — Sarepta, southeastern Russia [reference not verified]. Parus major holsaticus Floericke, 1926, Mitt. Vogelw., 25, p. 42 — Biisum, Schleswig-Holstein. Parus major alanorum Floericke, 1926, Mitt. Vogelw., 25, p. 42 — near Oporto, Portugal. Parus major caucasicus Domaniewski, 1933, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 81— Lagodechi, Georgia, Transcaucasia. Parus major bargaensis Yamashina, 1939, Tori, 10, p. 481 — Lamagulusu, Lake Dalainor, Manchuria. Continental Europe; Asia Minor, Caucasus, Transcau- casia, and Azerbaijan ; Siberia east to Lake Baikal, southeast to Altai and Sayan Mountains. Parus major newtoni Prazak Parus major newtoni Prazak, 1894, Orn. Jahrb., 5, p. 239 — Britain; restricted to Lake District, England, by Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 107. British Isles. PARIDAE 105 Parus major excelsus Buvry Parus major excelsus Buvry, 1857, Journ. f. Orn., 5, p. 194 — Nrakta el abbia Forest, northeastern Algeria. Parus major lynesi Hartert, 1926, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, 5 (1925), p. 287— oak forest above Azrou, Middle Atlas, Morocco. Northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains and coastal dis- tricts to the north and west). Parus major corsus Kleinschmidt Parus corsus Kleinschmidt, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 6 — Ajaccio, Corsica. Corsica and Sardinia. Parus major aphrodite Madarasz Parus major aphrodite Madarasz, 1901, Termész Fiizetek, 24, p. 272 — near Larnaca, Cyprus. Parus maior (sic) peloponnesius Parrot, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 547 — Calamata, southern Peloponnesus. Parus maior (sic) mallorcae Jordans, 1913, Falco, 9, p. 44 — Majorca. Balearic Islands, Crete, southern Greece and Cyprus. Parus major terraesanctae Hartert Parus major terraesanctae Hartert, 1910, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. xxxii — Jerusalem. Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Parus major blanfordi Prazak Parus major blanfordi Prazak, 1894, Orn. Jahrb., 5, p. 240 — Iran [= Tehran, fide Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 344]. Parus maior zayrossiensis (sic) Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 108 — Zagros Mountains, southwestern Iran. Kurdistan, northern Mesopotamia, and Iran, except Azer- baijan and Caspian coastal region. Parus major karelini Zarudny Parus major karelint Zarudny, 1910, Nasha Okhota, p. 138 — Caspian coastal provinces of Ghilan, Masanderan and Asterabad, and woods of Talysch plain, northern Iran. New name for Parus maior (sic) caspius Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 109, preoccupied by 106 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus caspicus Gmelin, 1774 [= Motacilla cinerea Tun- Stall slice Caspian coastal region of Iran. Parus major intermedius Zarudny Parus bocharensis var. intermedius Zarudny, 1890, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, n.s., 3 (1889), p. 789 — valleys of Karguy-Sou, Firousé and Gujarmaou, southwestern Transcaspia. Parus major jitnikowi Zarudny, 1910, Nasha Okhota, p. 114 — lower and middle Atrek River and its tribu- taries, southwestern Transcaspia. Khorasan and southwestern Transcaspia, east to Sarakhs and south to Iranian Baluchistan. Parus major kapustini Portenko P{arus] ml{[ajor] kapustini Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 109 — Sretensk, Transbaicalia. Dzungarian Ala Tau, Tarbagatai, Mongolian Altai, and northern Mongolia east through Transbaicalia to the Okhotsk Sea. Interbreeds with minor in Amur Valley. Parus major caschmirensis Hartert Parus major caschmirensis Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 345 — Gilgit. North West Frontier Province, Kashmir, and northern Punjab. Parus major decolorans Koelz Parus major decolorans Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 52, p. 62 — Jalalabad, eastern Afghani- stan. Eastern Afghanistan. Parus major ziaratensis Whistler Parus major ziaratensis Whistler, 1929, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 7 — Ziarat, 8,500 ft., Baluchistan. Northern Baluchistan and southern Afghanistan. Parus major mahrattarum Hartert Parus major mahrattarum Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 499 — Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon. Mountains of southern India and Ceylon. PARIDAE 107 Parus major stupae Koelz Parus major stupae Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 52, p. 61 — Sanchi, Bhopal. Central and western India. Parus major nipalensis Hodgson Parus nipalensis Hodgson, 1838, India Review, p. 31 — Nepal. Parus major planorum Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 499 — southern Punjab. Nepal, northern India, central and western Burma. Parus major vauriei Ripley Parus major vauriei Ripley, 1950, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 1, p. 2— Chabua, northeastern Assam. Assam. Parus major templorum de Schauensee Parus major templorum de Schauensee, 1946, Notulae Nat., no. 169, p. 2 — Wat Pa, central Thailand. Western and central Thailand, Lower Laos, southern Annam, and Upper Cochin China. Parus major cinereus Vieillot Parus cinereus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd. 20, p. 316 — Batavia, Java. Java and Lesser Sunda Islands, east to Alor and Sumba. Parus major ambiguus (Raffles) Turdus ambiguus Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc., 13 (1821), p. 311 — Sumatra. Parus major malayorum Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 226 — Sungei Kumbang, Korinchi, 4,500 ft., western Sumatra. Southern Tenasserim (coastal districts), Malaya (coastal districts, including Penang Island), and Sumatra. Parus major sarawacensis Slater Parus sarawacensis Slater, 1885, Ibis, p. 327 — Bungal Hills [probably = Bengo Range], Sarawak. New name for P. cinerascens Slater, 1885, Ibis, p. 122, preoccupied by Parus cinerascens Vieillot, 1818. Status doubtful; apparently local in western Sarawak. 108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus major hainanus Hartert Parus major hainanus Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 499 — Hainan. Hainan. Parus major nigriloris Hellmayr P{arus] nigriloris Hellmayr, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 139 — Ishigaki, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus stejnegeri Bangs, 1901, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 36, p. 267 — Ishigaki, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus major bangsi Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 90 — Iriomote, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Ishigaki and Iriomote, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus major commixtus Swinhoe Parus commixtus Swinhoe, 1868, Ibis, p. 683 — Tingchow Mountains, Fohkien, China. Parus major fohkienensis La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 104 — Foochow, Fohkien, China. Parus minor indochinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 166 — Backan, northeastern Tonkin. Parus major makii Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 26 (Japanese) — Hori, Taitiu Province, Formosa. Southern China, from the Yangtze to the mountains of Szechwan and Yunnan, and south to Tonkin and Annam. Absent from Formosa except as vagrant. Parus major okinawae Hartert Parus major okinawae Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 346 — Okinawa. Okinawa and Yaguchishima, central Riu Kiu Islands. Parus major amamiensis Kleinschmidt Parus major amamiensis Kleinschmidt, 1922, Falco, 18, p. 2 — Amami, northern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus major uchidae Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 89 — Amami, northern Riu Kiu Islands. Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima, northern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus major kagoshimae Taka-Tsukasa Parus major kagoshimae Taka-Tsukasa, 1919, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, p. 55— Kagoshima, southern Kyushu, Japan. PARIDAE 109 Parus major gotoensis Kleinschmidt, 1922, Falco, 18, p. 2 — Goto Island, Kyushu, Japan. Southern Kyushu and Goto Islands, southern Japan. Parus major dageletensis Kuroda and Mori Parus major dageletensis Kuroda and Mori, 1920, Tori, 2, pp. 270 (Japanese), 278 (English) — Dagelet Island, Japan. Dagelet Island, Japan. Parus major minor Temminck and Schlegel Parus minor Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 70 — Japan. Parus major artatus Thayer and Bangs, 1909, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 52, p. 140 — Ichang, Hupeh, China. Parus wladiwostokensis Kleinschmidt, 1913, Falco, 9, p. 33 — Vladivostok. Parus major quelpartensis Kuroda, 1917, Tori, 1 (5), p. 8 — Kanrasan, Quelpart Island, Japan. Parus tschiliensis Kleinschmidt, 1922, Falco, 18, p. 3 — Jehol, Chihli, northern China. Parus major ogawat Momiyama, 1923, Tori, 3 (14), p. 207 — Motomura, Seven Isles, Japan. Parus major chimae Momiyama, 1923, Dobuts. Zasshi, 35, p. 410 — Hachijo, Seven Isles, Japan. Parus major tatibanai Momiyama, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 20—Konuma, Toyohara, southern Sa- khalin. Parus major takahashii Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 28 — Koryo, Seoul, Korea. Parus major sidsiukara Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 25; nom. emend. for minor. Parus major kurilensis Bergmann, 1931, Ark. f. Zool., 23B, p. 3 — Shana, Yeterofu (Iturup), Kurile Islands. Parus major kansuensis Stresemann, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 41 — Lussar, Sining-fu road, northern Kansu, China. Japan, and mainland of eastern Asia, from the Amur and Ussuri to northern Kansu in the north, south to the Yangtze, and west to the mountains of western Szechwan, eastern Tibet and Yunnan. Probably a straggler to Sakhalin. 110 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus major tibetanus Hartert Parus major tibetanus Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 346 — Chaksam, Tsangpo valley, Tibet. Parus major subtibetanus Kleinschmidt and Weigold, 1922, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15, p. 11 — ‘“‘Tatsienlu” [= Kangting], eastern Sikang, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 514. Parus major longipennis Rothschild, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 11 — Lichiang Range, northwestern Yun- nan, China. Parus major altarum La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 48 — Mengtz, southern Yunnan, China. Tibet, southwestern China (western Szechwan and north- western Yunnan), northern Burma, Bhutan and Sikkim, at high altitudes. Parus major nubicolus de Schauensee Parus major nubicolus de Schauensee, 1946, Notulae Nat., no. 169, p. 8— Doi Pa Hom Pok, Thailand-South Shan States border. Eastern Burma, northern Thailand and northwestern Indochina. PARUS BOKHARENSIS Parus bokharensis bokharensis Lichtenstein Parus bokharensis Lichtenstein, 1823, in Eversmann, Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara, p. 131 — Bukhara. Parus cinereus ferghanensis Buturlin, 1912, Orn. Mo- natsb., 20, p. 84— Kurschab Valley, Alai Mountains, Ferghana (winter). Parus bokharensis iliensis Zarudny and Bilkewitsch, 1912, Mess. Orn., p. 182 — Djarkent, Semirechye. Parus bokharensis panderi Zarudny and Harms, 1918, Orn. Monatsb., 21, p. 142 — Transcaspia. Parus major meinertzhageni Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 62 — Balkh, Afghan Turkestan. Russian and Afghan Turkestan, north to Semirechye and the middle Syr Darya, west to the middle Amu Darya, and south to the borders of Khorasan, the Paropamisus, and northeastern Afghanistan. Parus bokharensis turkestanicus Zarudny and Loudon Parus bocharensis (sic) turkestanicus Zarudny and Lou- don, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 109 — Orchu River, PARIDAE 111 Dzungaria and Djarkent, Semirechye; restricted to Orchu River by Laubmann, 19138, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay- ern, 11, p. 275. Parus bokharensis dzungaricus Zarudny and Bilkewitsch, 1912, Mess. Orn., p. 1832 — Dzungaria. Dzungaria, north to the Urungu River and south to the Tian Shan. PARUS MONTICOLUS Parus monticolus monticolus Vigors Parus monticolus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 22 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Birds Indian Empire, p. 7; emended to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Lbissps 441. Himalayas, from Swat and Kashmir east to Nepal, where intergrades with yunnanensis. Parus monticolus yunnanensis La Touche Parus monticolus yunnanensis La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 51— Milati, southeastern Yunnan, China. Parus monticolus lepcharum Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 97 — Gangtok, 5,600 ft., Sikkim. Himalayas, from Nepal eastward; mountains of Burma, including Manipur and Chin Hills, and western China (Yunnan, Szechwan, western Hupeh, Shensi, and Kansu) ; southeast to northeastern Tongking. Intergrading with monticolus in Nepal. Parus monticolus legendrei Delacour Parus monticolus legendrei Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 166 — Djiring, southern Annam. Langbiang Mountains, southern Annam. Parus monticolus insperatus Swinhoe Parus insperatus Swinhoe, 1866, Ibis, p. 308 — mountains of southern Formosa. Mountains of Formosa. PARUS NUCHALIS Parus nuchalis Jerdon Parus nuchalis Jerdon, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13, p. 131 — Eastern Ghats, India. 112 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Northwestern India, from Sambhar Lake southwest to Gujarat and Kutch; locally in hills of southern India, espe- cially the Eastern Ghats. PARUS XANTHOGENYS Parus xanthogenys xanthogenys Vigors Parus xanthogenys Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 23 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471. Western Himalayas, from Murree to eastern Nepal. Parus xanthogenys aplonotus Blyth Parus aplonotus Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 444 — mountains of central India; restricted to Chaibasa, Singhbhun, Bengal, by Whistler and Kinnear, 19382, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 520. Mountains of central India, from Mount Abu in the west to Bihar and Orissa in the east, south to a line from Poona to the Godavari valley. Intergrading with travancoreensis in the Western Ghats. Parus xanthogenys travancoreensis (Whistler and Kinnear) Machlolophus xanthogenys travancoreensis Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 520 — Mynall, Travancore, southern India. Parus xanthogenys xanthonotus Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 63 —Londa, Bombay Presi- dency, India. Western Ghats of southern India from Poona southward. Intergrading with aplonotus in the north. PARUS SPILONOTUS Parus spilonotus spilonotus Bonaparte Parus spilonotus Bonaparte (ex Blyth MS), 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 228 — Darjeeling; new name for P. xantho- genys Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 444, preoccupied by P. xanthogenys Vigors, 1831. Eastern Himalayas, from extreme eastern Nepal through Darjeeling and Sikkim eastward to mountains of northern Burma. Parus spilonotus subviridis Blyth Parus subviridis Blyth (ex Tickell MS), 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 267 — Tenasserim, 3,500 ft. PARIDAE 1138 Parus spilonotus evanescens Rothschild, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 3138 — Shweli-Salween divide, 10,000 ft., western Yunnan. Southeastern Asia, from Manipur and Chin Hills in the west, north to northern Burma, western Yunnan and north- ern Thailand, and south to Tenasserim. Probably inter- grading with rex in the east. Parus spilonotus basileus (Delacour) Machlolophus xanthogenys basileus Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 2, p. 428 — Thateng, Bolovens Pla- teau, southern Laos, Indochina. Mountains of Bas-Laos and southern Annam, Indochina. Parus spilonotus rex David Parus (Machlolophus) rex David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 5,19, art. 9, p. 4 — Kuatun, western Fohkien, China. Southeastern Yunnan, northern Tongking, and mountains of Fohkien; probably also in intervening mountains of southern China. PARUS HOLSTI Parus holsti Seebohm Parus holsti Seebohm, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 4, p. 7 — Formosa. Formosa. PARUS CAERULEUS Parus caeruleus caeruleus Linnaeus Parus caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 190 — Sweden. Parus coeruleus languidus Grote, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 307 —St. Petersburg, Russia. New name for P. ec. pallidus Grote, 1902, preoccupied by Parus pallidus Brehm, 1856. Parus caeruleus touraudericus Bacmeister and Klein- schmidt, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p. 101 — Argonne, northeast France. Parus caeruleus asciburgius Floericke, 1921, Mitt. Vogelw., 20, p. 103 — Riesengebirge, Germany. Parus caeruleus fliickigeri Harrison, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 65, p. 18 — Interlaken, Switzerland. Europe (except extreme north, southern parts of Iberian 114 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD peninsula, southern Greece, Mediterranean islands, and British Isles) ; Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Intergrading with orientalis in western Russia. Parus caeruleus obscurus Prazak Parus caeruleus obscurus Prazak, 1894, Orn. Jahrb., 5, p. 246 — England; restricted to Lake District, England, by Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 108. British Isles. Parus caeruleus ogliastrae Hartert Parus caeruleus ogliastrae Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 349 — Lanusei, eastern Sardinia. Parus caeruleus calamensis Parrot, 1908, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, p. 28 — Calamata, southern Peloponnesus. Parus caeruleus harterti Tratz, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 49 — Leixoes, Portugal. Parus caeruleus wagneri Floericke, 1921, Mitt. Vogelw., 20, p. 88 — Oporto, Portugal. Portugal and southern Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, southern Greece (Peloponnesus), and Crete. Intergrading with caeruleus in central Spain. Parus caeruleus balearicus Jordans Parus coeruleus balearicus Jordans, 19138, Falco, 9, p. 43 — Valldemosa, Majorca. Majorca, Balearic Islands. Parus caeruleus orientalis (Zarudny and Loudon) Cyanistes coeruleus orientalis Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 105 — Orenburg, Ufa, Samara, Kazan, and Simbirsk, eastern Russia; restricted to Orenburg by Dementiev, 1935, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., p. 74. Parus caeruleus tomyris Floericke, 1926, Mitt. Vogelw., 25, p. 44 — Sarpa Steppe, southeastern Russia. Eastern and central Russia. Parus caeruleus satunini (Zarudny) Cyanistes coeruleus satunini Zarudny, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 6—Lenkoran and Kumbaschinsk, Talych. Parus caeruleus georgicus Buturlin, 1908, Nacha Ochota, no. 10, p. 5 — Achalzich, Transcaucasia. PARIDAE 115 Parus caeruleus colchicus Buturlin, 1908, Nacha Ochota, no. 10, p. 5 — Kutais, western Transcaucasia. Parus caeruleus brauneri Moltchanow, 1916, Ann. Mus. Zool. Petrograd, 21, p. 53 — Crimea. Parus caeruleus ciscaucasicus Buturlin, 1929, Syst. Notes Birds North. Caucasus, p. 28 — Vladicaucas. Crimea, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northwestern Iran. Intergrading with persicus in western Iran. Parus caeruleus raddei Zarudny Parus caeruleus raddei Zarudny, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 5 — Provinces of Asterabad, Masanderan, and Gilan, northern Iran. Caspian coastal region of Iran. Parus caeruleus persicus Blanford Parus (Cyanistes) persicus Blanford, 1873, Ibis, p. 89 — oak woods, near Shiraz, southern Iran. Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran, southeast to Fars; intergrading with satwnini in western Iran. Parus caeruleus ultramarinus Bonaparte Parus ultramarinus Bonaparte, 1841, Rev. Zool. [Paris], A, p. 146 — Sfax, Tunisia. Northwestern Africa (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), from coast south to edge of the Sahara. Parus caeruleus cyrenaicae Hartert Parus caeruleus cyrenaicae Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 140 — Merg, Barka Plateau, northwestern Cyrenaica. Barka Plateau, northwestern Cyrenaica, Libya. Parus caeruleus ombriosus Meade-Waldo Parus ombriosus Meade-Waldo, 1890, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 5, p. 108 — Hierro, Canary Islands. Hierro, western Canary Islands. Parus caeruleus palmensis Meade-Waldo Parus palmensis Meade-Waldo, 1889, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 3, p. 490 — Palma, Canary Islands. Palma, western Canary Islands. Parus caeruleus teneriffae Lesson Parus Teneriffae Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 456 — Teneriffe, Canary Islands. 116 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Teneriffe, Grand Canary, and Gomera, central Canary Islands. Parus caeruleus degener Hartert Parus caeruleus degener Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 309 — Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, Canary Islands. Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, eastern Canary Islands. PARUS CYANUS Parus cyanus cyanus Pallas Parus cyanus Pallas, 1770, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., 14 (1), p. 588 — Volga River, eastern Russia. Cyanistes cyanus hyperrhiphaeus Dementiev and Heptner, 1932, Alauda, 4, p. 288 — Kustanai, Turgai district, Kirghiz Steppe, western Siberia. European Russia and western Siberia, from Minsk and Smolensk districts east, approximately between lat. 50° and 58°N., to the Ob and northwestern foothills of the Altai. Intergrading with yenisseensis in the east. In autumn and winter this and other races migrate south of breeding range, and populations breeding in mountainous areas move to adjacent lowlands. Parus cyanus yenisseensis Buturlin Parus cyanus yenisseensis Buturlin, 1911, in Tugarinov and Buturlin, Zapiski Krasnoyarsk Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 1, p. 51 — Krasnoyarsk, central Siberia. Central Siberia, from the Ob east to Lake Baikal, south to the southern Altai and Tarbagatai Mountains. Inter- grading with cyanus in the west, and probably with tian- schanicus in the south and east. Parus cyanus tianschanicus (Menzbier) Cyanistes cyanus var. tian-schanicus Menzbier, 1884, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 9, p. 276— mountains bordering deserts of central Asia to the northwest and west; re- stricted to Tian Shan by Dementiev and Heptner, 1932, Alauda, 4, p. 291. Parus cyanus apeliotes Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dres- den, 18, p. 31 — Tschen, near Harbin, Manchuria. Central and eastern Asia, from western Tian Shan (Kir- ghiz Range), Pamirs and Chitral, east through the Tian Shan, Chinese Turkestan, northern Kuenlun, northern Mon- PARIDAE 117 golia, and northern and central Manchuria to the Amur and Ussuri valleys. Occasionally hybridizes with flavipectus in western Tian Shan. Parus cyanus kotkalensis (Portenko) C[yanistes] c[yanus] kotkalensis Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 107 — Kotkal, Ili River Basin, Semi- rechye. Valleys of the Chu and lower Ili Rivers, and Lake Bal- khash. Parus cyanus flavipectus Severtzov Parus flavipectus Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal . . . Turkest. Zhivotn., 1872, p. 183 — Turkestan; Ferghana sug- gested by Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1833, p. 15. Mountains of west-central Asia, from Kirghiz Range and Chatkal-tau southward through Ferghana, Altai Mountains, and western Pamirs to mountains of northern Afghanistan (west slopes of Hindu Kush west to the Bend i Turkestan Range). Occasionally hybridizes with tianschanicus in west- ern Tian Shan; flavipectus apparently breeds in the southern and western valleys, tianschanicus to the north and east, the two forms occurring together in the same valleys out- side the breeding season. Parus cyanus carruthersi Hartert Parus flavipectus carruthersi Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 19 — Samarkand. Samarkand, and Meshed, northern Iran (winter). Parus cyanus berezowskii (Pleske) Cyanistes berezowskii Pleske, 18938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, Dp. 18 — Upper Cuan-che [= Kweitch, on the Hwang- ho, northeastern Tsinghai], China. Extreme northwestern China (Upper Hwang-ho valley and Kokonor). PARUS VARIUS Parus varius varius Temminck and Schlegel Parus varius Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 71— Japan; restricted to Honshu by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 354. Parus sieboldi Seebohm, 1890, Birds Japanese Empire, 118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 85. New name for Parus varius, preoccupied by Parus varius Bartram, 1791. Parus varius hakodatensis Momiyama, 1918, Dobuts. Zasshi, 30, p. 345 — Jesso (Hokkaido), Japan. Parus varius utsurioensis Kuroda and Mori, 1920, Tori, 2 (10), pp. 271 (Japanese), 280 (English) — Dagelet Island, Sea of Japan. Parus varius saisiuensis Kuroda and Mori, 1920, Tori, 2 (10), pp. 272 (Japanese), 279 (English) — Kanrasan, Quelpart Island, Japan. Sittiparus varius ij7imae Kuroda, 1922, Ibis, p. 98 — Nita- mura, Tsushima, Japan. Parus varius koreensis Kuroda and Mori, 1924, Dobuts. Zasshi, 36, pp. 315 (Japanese), 318 (English) — Koryo, Keiki district, Korea. Parus varius sataensis Kuroda, 19538, Tori, 13 (63), p. 115 — Sata-mura, near Cape Sata, southern Kyushu, Japan. Southern Kurile Islands (Iturup and Kunashir) ; all the main islands of Japan, south to southern Kyushu; Oshima, Izu Islands; Quelpart, Tsushima and Dagelet Islands; Korea (except the extreme northeast) and extreme southeastern Manchuria. Summer resident in extreme northern Japan and Korea. Parus varius sunsunpi Kuroda Parus varius sunsunpi Kuroda, 1919, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, pp. 230 (Japanese), 232 (English) — Tanegashima, Osumi Group, southern Japan. Parus varius yakushimensis Kuroda, 1919, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, pp. 230 (Japanese), 232 (English) — Yakushima, Osumi Group, southern Japan. Tanegashima and Yakushima, Osumi Group, southern Japan. Parus varius amamii (Kuroda) Sittiparus varius amamiu Kuroda, 1922, Annot. Zool. Japon., 10, p. 117 — Amami, Riu Kiu Islands. Amami, Riu Kiu Islands. Parus varius orii (Kuroda) Sittiparus varius orit Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 121 — Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands, Riu Kiu Islands. Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands, Riu Kiu Islands. PARIDAE 119 Parus varius olivaceus (Kuroda) Sittiparus varius olivaceus Kuroda, 19238, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 90 — Iriomote, Yayeyama Islands, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Iriomote, southern Riu Kiu Islands. Parus varius castaneoventris Gould Parus castaneoventris Gould, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 280 — Formosa. Formosa. Parus varius namiyei Kuroda Parus varius namiyeit Kuroda, 1918, Dobuts. Zasshi, 30, pp. 316 (Japanese), 322 (English) — Niishima, Seven Islands (Izu Islands), Japan. Toshima, Niijima, and Kozushima, Izu Islands, Japan. Parus varius owstoni Ijima Parus Owstoni Ijima, 1893, Dobuts. Zasshi, 5, p. 445 — Miyakeshima, Izu Islands, Japan. Parus rubidus masaakii Momiyama, 1940, Kagaku no nogy6, 20, p. 41 — Hachijo, Izu Islands, Japan. Miyakeshima, Mikurashima, and Hachijo, Izu Islands, Japan. PARUS SEMILARVATUS Parus semilarvatus semilarvatus (Salvadori) Melaniparus semilarvatus Salvadori, 1865, Atti Soc. Ital- iana Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, p. 375 — Himalayas; errore. Muscicapa luzoniensis Gmelin, 1789 [= M. tessacourbe Scopoli, 1786], is unidentifiable, fide Delacour, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 433. Luzon and Negros, Philippine Islands. Parus semilarvatus nehrkorni (Blasius) Micropus Nehrkorni Blasius, 1890, Journ. f. Orn., 38, p. 147 — Davao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Mindanao, Philippine Islands. PARUS INORNATUS Parus inornatus sequestratus (Grinnell and Swarth) Baeolophus inornatus sequestratus Grinnell and Swarth, 1926, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 30, no. 5, p. 166 — Eagle Point, Jackson County, Oregon. Southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. 120 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus inornatus zaleptus (Oberholser) Baeolophus inornatus zaleptus Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, p. 7— Rim of Warner Valley, Twenty Mile Creek, 9 miles south of Adel, Oregon. Southern and southeastern Oregon, northeastern and eastern California east of the Sierra Nevada, and western Nevada. Parus inornatus inornatus Gambel Parus inornatus Gambel, 1845, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2, p. 265— Upper California [=near Monterey, California, fide Gambel, 1847, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1, pl. 8]. West-central California, east to western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, north to about lat. 41° N. in the Coast Range, and west to coast. In the south intergrading with trans- positus at about lat. 34°N. on the coast, and with kernensis toward southern end of the Sierra Nevada. Parus inornatus kernensis (Grinnell and Behle) Baeolophus inornatus kernensis Grinnell and Behle, 1937, Condor, 39, p. 226 — Rankin Ranch, 3,300 ft., Walker Basin, Kern County, California. Drainage basin of Kern River (southeastern San Joaquin Valley) and adjacent eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada, Cal- ifornia. Integrating with inornatus in the northwest and with transpositus in the south. Parus inornatus mohavensis Miller Parus inornatus mohavensis Miller, 1946, Condor, 48, p. 76 — Pinyon Wells, 4,000 ft., Little San Bernardino Mountains, Riverside County, California. Little San Bernardino Mountains, southeastern California. Parus inornatus transpositus (Grinnell) Baeolophus inornatus transpositus Grinnell, 1928, Condor, 30, p. 154 — Mount Wilson, Los Angeles County, Cal- ifornia. Southwestern California, west of the deserts. Intergrading with inornatus in the north and with affabilis at the Mexican border. Parus inornatus affabilis (Grinnell and Swarth) Baeolophus inornatus affabilis Grinnell and Swarth, 1926, PARIDAE 121 Univ. California Publ. Zool., 30, no. 5, p. 164 — Con- cepcion, 6,000 ft., Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico. New name for Baeolophus inornatus murinus Ridgway, 1903, preoccupied by Parus murinus Brehm, 1855. Northern and northwestern Baja California, Mexico, south to about lat. 30°N. Parus inornatus cineraceus (Ridgway) Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus Ridgway, 1883, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 154— Laguna (near Santiago), Cape district, Baja California, Mexico. Cape region of Baja California, Mexico. Parus inornatus ridgwayi Richmond Parus inornatus ridgwayi Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15, p. 155 — Iron City, Utah. New name for Lophophanes inornatus griseus Ridgway, 1882, preoccupied by Parus griseus Gmelin, 1789. Southern Idaho, eastern Nevada, Utah, southwestern Wyoming, western and central Colorado, western Oklahoma, south to southeastern California, Arizona north of the Colo- rado and Little Colorado Rivers, New Mexico, except the southwest, and western Texas. Parus inornatus plumbescens (Grinnell) Baeolophus inornatus plumbescens Grinnell, 1934, Condor, 36, p. 251 — Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico. Southwestern New Mexico and Arizona south of the Colo- rado and Little Colorado Rivers. PARUS BICOLOR Parus bicolor bicolor Linnaeus Parus bicolor Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 340; based on Parus cristatus Catesby, 1731 Nat. Hist. Caro- lina, 1, p. 57 — ‘“‘in America septentrionali” [= South Carolina]. Eastern, central and southeastern United States, north to northeastern Nebraska, central Iowa, northern Illinois, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, central New York, and Massachusetts; west to central Nebraska, central Kansas, central Oklahoma and eastern Texas. Intergrades with sennetti in an area roughly south and southeast from Fort Worth, Texas, to the coast. 122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Parus bicolor sennetti (Ridgway) Baeolophus atricristatus sennetti Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 386 — Leon Springs, Bexar County, Texas. Central and southern Texas, north to Taylor and Young counties, west to Val Verde County, and east to Refugio and Travis Counties. Intergrades with bicolor in eastern Texas and with atricristatus in southern Texas. Parus bicolor paloduro (Stevenson) Baeolophus atricristatus paloduro Stevenson, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 53, p. 15 — Harold Ranch, Palo Duro Canyon (18 miles east of Canyon, Randall County), Armstrong County, Texas. Randall and Armstrong Counties, northern Texas. Parus bicolor dysleptus Van Tyne Parus atricristatus dysleptus Van Tyne, 1954, Auk, 71, p. 201 — 5 miles south of Alpine, 5,000 ft., Brewster County, Texas. Presidio and Jeff Davis Counties, western Texas, south to the Sierra del Carmen, Coahuila, northern Mexico. Parus bicolor atricristatus Cassin Parus atricristatus Cassin, 1850, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 5, p. 103 — Rio Grande, Texas; restricted to Rio Grande between Brownsville and Rio Grande City by Allen, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 23, p. 476. Lower Rio Grande valley, Texas and northeastern Mexico from Monterrey and the Lower Rio Grande south to north- ern Veracruz and northern Hidalgo. GENUS MELANOCHLORA LESSON Melanochlora Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 2, p. 42. Type, by monotypy, Melanochlora sumatrana Lesson = M. sultanea (Hodgson). MELANOCHLORA SULTANEA Melanochlora sultanea sultanea (Hodgson) Parus sultaneus Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2 (1838), p. 31 — Nepal. Lower levels of the Himalayas from Nepal eastward; PARIDAE 123 Assam, Burma, and northern Thailand. Intergrading with flavocristata in northern Thailand, lower Burma, and Tenas- serim, and with seorsa in northern Indochina. ——~ Melanochlora sultanea fiavocristata (Lafresnaye) Parus flavo-cristatus Lafresnaye, 1837, Mag. Zool. [Paris], 1, cl. 2, pl. 80, p. 1 —Isles de la Sonde [= Sumatra]. Malay peninsula north to Thailand and southern Burma; Sumatra. Intergrading with swltanea in northern Thailand and southern Burma. Melanochlora sultanea seorsa Bangs Melanochlora sultanea seorsa Bangs, 1924, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 9, p. 23 — Yenping, Fohkien, China. Fohkien, Hainan, and northern Indochina (Tonkin, cen- tral Laos and northern Annam) ; intergrading with sultanea in northern Indochina. ——Melanochlora sultanea gayeti Delacour and Jabouille Melanochlora gayeti Delacour and Jabouille, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 6— Bana (12 miles west of Fourane), central Annam, Indochina. Central Annam (Bana Massif and Massif du Col des Nuages), Indochina. GENUS SYLVIPARUS BURTON Sylviparus Burton, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1835, p. 153. Type, by monotypy, Sylviparus modestus Burton. cf. Vaurie and Snow, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1852, pp. 1-43. SYLVIPARUS MODESTUS Sylviparus modestus simlaensis Baker Sylviparus modestus simlaensis Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 8 — Simla, northwest India. Northwestern Himalayas, from Kashmir southeast to Simla. Sylviparus modestus modestus Burton Sylviparus modestus Burton, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1835, p. 154 — Himalayas; restricted to Nepal by Baker, 1928, Hand-list Birds Indian Emp., p. 8. Sylviparus saturatior Rippon, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 87 — Mount Victoria, southern Chin Hills, Burma. 124 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~ Sylviparus modestus occultus Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 40, p. 185 — Kiating (lat. 29° 30’ N., long. 104°E.), western Szechwan, China. - Sylviparus modestus ricketti La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 104— Kuatun, northwest Fohkien, China. Sylviparus modestus tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 394 — Fan-si-pan, Chapa, Tonkin, Indochina. Himalayas, from Gahrwal eastward, and mountains of Assam, northern Burma, western Burma (Chin Hills), western Szechwan, northwest Yunnan and northern Indo- china. Isolated population in mountains of northwest Foh- kien. Sylviparus modestus klossi Delacour and Jabouille Sylviparus modestus klossi Delacour and Jabouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 393 — Langbian Moun- tains, Annam, Indochina. Langbian Mountains, southern Annam. GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. GENUS HYPOSITTA NEWTON? 2 Hypherpes Newton, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 85. Type, by original designation, Hypherpes corallirostris Newton. Not Hypherpes Eschscholtz, 1838 (Coleop- tera). Hypositta Newton, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 488. Type, by monotypy, Hypherpes corallirostris Newton. New name for Hypherpes Newton, 1863, preoccupied. HYPOSITTA CORALLIROSTRIS ——Hypositta corallirostris (Newton) Hypherpes corallirostris A. Newton, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 85 — Chasmanna, Madagascar, fide EK. New- ton, 1863, Ibis, p. 342. Humid forests of eastern Madagascar. 1 Although often accorded familial rank, or treated as a subfamily of the Sittidae, now considered, probably correctly, to be a vangid by some authors (e.g., Dorst, 1960, Proc. XII Intern. Ornith. Cong., Helsinki, 1958, pp. 173-177). For Vangidae see Check-list, IX, 1960. — J. C. G., Jr. 2 MS read by H. G. Deignan. SITTINAE 125 FAMILY SITTIDAE? JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. SUBFAMILY SITTINAE GENUS SITTA LINNAEUS Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta ewropaea Linnaeus. Dendrophila Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 318. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 18), Dendrophila frontalis (Swainson). Callisitta Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 226. Type, by monotypy, Sitta formosa Blyth. Rupisitta Buturlin, 1907, Mitteil. Kaukasischen Mus., 3, pp. 49 (Russian), 64 (English). Type, by original des- ignation, Sitta dresseri Zarudny and Buturlin. Arctositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 151 (Russian), 168 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta arctica Buturlin. Cyanositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 149 (Russian), 167 (English). Type, by original designation, Dendrophila corallipes Sharpe. Homositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 152 (Russian), 169 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta castaneoventris Franklin. Leptositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 153 (Russian), 169 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta leucopsis Gould. Mesositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 152 (Russian), 169 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta himalayensis Jardine and Selby. Micrositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 153 (Russian), 169 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta villosa Verreaux. Poecilositta Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétro- grad, 44, pp. 149 (Russian), 167 (English). Type, by original designation, Sitta azwrea Lesson. Poliositta Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 228. Type, by monotypy, Callisitta azurea expectata Hartert. 1 MS read by H. G. Deignan. 126 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ef. Aldrich, 1944, Auk, 61, pp. 592-604 (carolinensis). Vaurie, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1472, pp. 1-34 (Asiatic forms). —, 1951, Proc. X Intern. Ornith. Cong., Uppsala, pp. 163-166 (sympatry in newmayer and tephronota). Voous and van Marle, 1958, Ardea, 41, extra no., pp. 1-68 (europaea). Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1854, pp. 8-26 (Palearctic forms). Norris, 1958, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 56, no. 27, pp. 119-300 (pusilla; pygmaea). Ripley, 1959, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 42, pp. 1-11 (Indian forms). Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 519-535. Léhrl, 1960, Journ. f. Orn., 101, pp. 245-264 (white- headi; canadensis). Rand, 1960, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 35, pp. 434- 435 (Philippine forms). SITTA EUROPAEA ___ Sitta europaea europaea Linnaeus Sitta europaea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 115 — Europae, Americae; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 329. “Sitta europaea var. sibirica P[allas], S. uralensis Lcht.” (sic) Gloger, 1834, Vollst. Handb. Naturg. Vogel Eur., p. 878— Uralscher Klieber [=southern Urals, fide Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vogel pal. Fauna, Erginzungsb., p. 166]. Sitta caesia homeyeri Hartert, 1892, Ibis, p. 364 — East Prussia. Sitta var. sordida Reichenow, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., p. 312 — Mark, Mecklenburg, Pomern, Schlesien, West und Ostpreussen. Sitta europaea sztolemani Domanievski, 1915, Mess. Orn., 6, p. 142 — Polisien, Wolhenien, Podolien. Sitta europaea rossica Dunajewski, 1934, Acta. Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 190 — Gouvernement of Kharkov, Ukraine. Sitta europaea domaniewskii Dunajewski, 1934, Acta. SITTINAE 127 Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 194 — Lévenborg, See- land, Denmark. Sitta europaea lippenthini Dunajewski, 1934, Acta. Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 199 — Langeland, Denmark. Sitta europaea norvegica van Marle and Voous, 1950, Stavanger Mus. Arbok, 1949, p. 69 — Norheim Sund, southwestern Norway. Northwestern Europe, from southern Norway and south- ern Sweden, south of lat. 62° N.; northern Latvia; Russia to the Urals, south to vicinity of Voronezh and Kharkov. Intergrades with asiatica in southern Urals and with caesia in eastern Europe and western Russia. Sitta europaea asiatica Gould Sitta asiatica Gould (ex Temminck MS), 18387, Birds Europe, 3, pl. 236 — Russia. Sitta baicalensis Taczanowski, 1882, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 7, p. 236 — Irkoutsk, lac Baical et la Daourie [= Darasun, Transbaicalia, fide Sztoleoman and Doma- newski, 1927, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici Hist. Nat., 6, p. 162]. ; Sitta amurensis clara Stejneger, 1886, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 392 — Sapporo, Hokkaido. Sitta bifasciata Madarasz, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., p. 183 — Krasnojarsk. Sitta biedermanni Reichenow, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 8312 — Lake Teletsky, northern Russian Altai. Sitta europaea sakhalinensis Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 158 (Russian), 170 (English) — Sakhalin Island. Sitta europaea takatsukasae Momiyama, 1931, Kaidori, 2, no. 8, p. 20— Urup and Etorup, southern Kurile Islands. Sitta europaea partiaria Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 125 — Sretensk, Transbaicalia. Sitta europaea bergmani Momiyama, 1931, Kaidori, 2, no. 8, p. 20 — Kunashir, southern Kurile Islands. Russia and Siberia, from lower Ob, at about lat. 64° N., south to southern Ural Mountains in vicinity of Orenburg (where intergrades with europaea), eastward across Sibe- ria, south of lat. 61° N., through northern Mongolia, south- ern Yakutia, and Stanovoi and Tukuringra Mountains, to lower Amur, shores of Sea of Okhotsk, Shantar Islands, 128 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Sakhalin Island, southern Kurile Islands (Urup southward), and Hokkaido. Intergrades with amurensis in eastern part of range (Transbaikal region and Amurland). Sitta europaea seorsa Portenko Sitta europaea seorsa Portenko, 1955, Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., 18, p. 497— Tymerty River, eastern Tian Shan. Known only from eastern Tian Shan, in western Sinkiang, China. —Sitta europaea amurensis Swinhoe Sitta amurensis Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 370 — Amoorland and, in winter, south to Peking. Sitta europaea hondoenis Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, pp. 160 (Russian), 171 (English) — Hondo; restricted to Shinano by Kuroda; fide Orn. Soc. Japan, 1942, Handlist Japanese Birds, p. 34. Sitta europaea kumagait Momiyama, 1928, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 274 — Iwate, Honshu. Sitta europaea buturlint Momiyama, 1931, Kaidori, 2, no. 8, p. 22, Seoul, Korea. Sitta europaea kleinschmidti Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vogel pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., p. 167 — Nor- dosttschili (Jehol, Bannwald). Manchuria and Amurland, in valley of Amur River, from about lat. 50° N. on lower reaches, where intergrades with asiatica, southward through Korea and Honshu (except Pacific coast south of Izu Peninsula), and northwestward, through central Jehol, to Transbaicalia where intergrades with asiatica. Sitta europaea arctica Buturlin Sitta arctica Buturlin, 1907, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, p. 87 — Verkoyansk, eastern Siberia. Northern Siberia, from about long. 105° E., eastward to Pacific Ocean, and north of range of asiatica. _Sitta europaea albifrons Taczanowski Sitta albifrons Taczanowski, 1882, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 7, p. 385 — Kamchatka. Kamchatka and Paramushiro Island. Sitta europaea roseilia Bonaparte Sitta roseilia Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 227 — SITTINAE 129 Japan, restricted to Hiuga, Kyushu, by Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlist Japanese Birds, p. 34. Sitta europaea harterti Momiyama, 1931, Kaidori, 2, no. 8, p. 238, eastern Kyushu. Sitta europaea nakaokae Momiyama, 1931, Kaidori, 2, no. 8, p. 23 — Shikoku. Japanese islands of Shikoku, Kyushu, and on the Pacific coast of Honshu west of Izu Peninsula. Sitta europaea bedfordi Ogilvie-Grant Sitta bedfordi Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 23, p. 59 — Quelpart Island. Quelpart Island. __ Sitta europaea caesia Wolf Sitta caesia Wolf, 1810, in Meyer and Wolf, Taschenb. deutsch. Vogelk., 1, p. 128 — Thuringia, Franconia, etc. [= Nurenberg, Bavaria, fide Stresemann, 1920, Avi- fauna Macedonica, p. 90]. Sitta affinis Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15, p. 288 — England. d Sitta europaea britannica Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 526 — Tring Park, Herts., England. Sitta europaea hassica Kleinschmidt, 1917, Falco, 13, p. 22 — Rhine, near Darmstadt. Sitta europaea cisalpina Sachtleben, 1919, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 7 — Ariccia, near Rome. Sitta europaea dalmatina Kleinschmidt, 1928, Berajah, p. 18 — Castelnuovo, Dalmatia. Sitta auto-sitta hoerningi Kleinschmidt, 1928, Berajah, p. 6 — Thiiringer Wald, Germany. Sitta europaea extrema Mayaud, 1985, Arch. Suisse Orn., 1, p. 250 — western France in Brittany, Anjou and Poitou. Sitta europaea harrisoni Voous and van Marle, 1953, Ardea, 41, extra no., p. 10 — Rila Mountains, south- western Bulgaria. Europe, breeds from north-central England and Wales, eastward through Jutland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Rumania, and southward to Pyrennees, France, Italy, Yugo- slavia, Albania, and Bulgaria. Intergrades with levantina in northern Spain and in southeastern part of range. 130 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Sitta europaea levantina Hartert Sitta caesia minor Brehm, 1857, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturh. Zeit., p. 447 — Spain [= near Madrid, vide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 524]. Not Sitta minor Bechstein, 1793 = Sitta pusilla Latham. Sitta europaea levantina Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 833 — Taurus, Asia Minor, and forested parts of Galilee, Palestine. Sitta europaea hispaniensis Witherby, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 78. New name for S. c. minor Brehm, preoccupied. Sitta europaea atlas Lynes, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 32 — middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Type from Azron, fide Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vogel pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., p. 164. Sitta europaea siciliae Kleinschmidt and von Jordans, 1932, Falco, 28, p. 6 — Enna, Sicily. Central and southern Spain, Atlas Mountains of Morocco, Sicily, and western and southern Turkey, northern Iraq, south to northern Israel and Jordan. Intergrades with caesia along Dalmatian coast, Rumania, and Greece. ~—Sitta europaea persica Witherby Sitta europaea persica Witherby, 1903, Ibis, p. 531 — oak woods of southwestern Persia. Sitta europaea davidi Harrison, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 59 — Ser ’Amadia, Kurdistan, Iraq. Pine and oak forests of western Iran from about lat. 36° N. in Zagros Mountains, southeastward to region of Fars (lat. 29° N., long. 58° E.). Sitta europaea caucasica Reichenow Sitta caesia caucasica Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 58 — Nalchik, northern Caucasus. Caucasus, from valleys of Kuban and Terek Rivers, south- ward to northern Turkey, Georgia, Daghestan, and Armenia, where replaced (in southeastern part) by rubiginosa. Sitta europaea rubiginosa Tschusi and Zarudny Sitta europaea rubiginosa Tschusi and Zarudny, 1905, Orn. Jahrb., p. 140 — Astrabad, Iran. Extreme northern Iran and southeastern Russian Azer- baijan, bordering Caspian Sea. SITTINAE 131 -Sitta europaea sinensis Verreaux Sitta sinensis Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6 (1870), p. 34—montagnes du Thibet, Chinois. Types from Kiukiang in Kingsi and from Moupin [= Muping, now Paohing] in eastern Sikang, jide Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 333; Kiukiang accepted as restricted type locality, vide Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vogel pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., p. 168. Sitta formosana Buturlin, 1911, Nasha Okhota, 8, p. 51 — Formosa. Sitta europaea taivana Buturlin, 1915, Mess. Orn., 6, p. 312. New name for Sitta formosana Buturlin (not Sitta formosa Blyth). Not homonym according to Art. 58, Intern. Code Zool. Nomencl., 1961. Sitta europaea kiukiangenensis Buturlin, 1915, Mess. Orn., 6, p. 812. New name for Sitta sinensis Verreaux (not Sitta chinensis Latham). Not homonym according to Art. 58, Intern. Code Zool. Nomencl., 1961. Sitta europaea itschangensis Kleinschmidt and Weigold, 1932, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15, p. 9—Ichang, Hupeh. China from Szechwan (Muping, Yachow, Kwansien) and Kweichow, eastward through Hupeh to Anwei, northern Kiangsi, northern Kukien (at lower altitudes), and For- mosa. SITTA NAGAENSIS! Sitta nagaensis grisiventris Kinnear Sitta europaea grisiventris Kinnear, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 142 — Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills. Known only from Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma, and southern Annam, (Dalat, Langbian, Djiring). ~~Sitta nagaensis nagaensis Godwin-Austin Sitta nagaensis Godwin-Austin, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 44 — Naga Hills, Burma. Sitta montium La Touche, 1899, Ibis, p. 404 — Kuatun, northwestern Fukien. Sitta europaea obscura La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 31 — Milati, southeastern Yunnan. Not Sitta tephronota obscura Zarudny and Loudon, 1905. 1 Possibly conspecific with europaea. — J. C. G., Jr. 132 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Sitta europaea nebulosa La Touche, 1922, 42, p. 55. New name for S. e. obscura La Touche, preoccupied. ? Sitta (europaea) tibetosinensis Kleinschmidt and Wei- gold, 1922, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15, no. 3, p. 10 — Atentze [= Atuntze, now Tehtsin, fide Vaurie, 1959, p. 526], northwestern Yunnan.! Sitta europaea delacouri Deignan, 1938, Journ. Washing- ton Acad. Sci., 28, p. 371 — Doi Suthep, northwestern Thailand. Sitta europaea kongboensis Kinnear, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 60, pp. 57, 74— Molo, 11,000 ft., southeastern Tibet [= southwestern Sikang]. Higher altitudes from southeastern Tibet (Pome, Tsangpo [Brahmaputra] Valley), north to southern Kansu and Szechwan, east throughout Yunnan, and south to north- western India (North Cachar, Naga Hills), northern Burma (Chin Hills) and northern Thailand (Ang ka, Suthep, Chiang Dao, and Langka) ; apparently isolated in mountains of northwestern Fukien. SITTA CASTANEA ~—Sitta castanea cashmirensis Brooks? Sitta cashmirensis Brooks, 1871, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 209 — Kashmir. Sitta hariabica Whistler, 1944, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 44, p. 517 — Byan Khel and Peiwar Kotal, south- ern slopes of Safed Koh, Afghanistan (North West Frontier Province border). Mixed forests of northeastern Baluchistan, east to Kashmir, above 6,000 ft. Perhaps specifically distinct. —— Sitta castanea almorae Kinnear and Whistler Sitta castaneoventris almorae Kinnear and Whistler, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 51, p. 27 — Valley of Ramgana between Almora and Pethora, India. Foothills of western Himalayas from Kumaon and Garhwal to central Nepal, where intergrades with cinna- moventris. 1 The single character of a longer wing distinguishes this popula- tion. — J. C. G., Jr. 2 Often considered a race of S. ewropaea. — Ed. SITTINAE 133 Sitta castanea cinnamoventris Blyth Sitta cinnamoventris Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11, p. 459 — Darjeeling. Eastern Himalayas from central Nepal (where intergards with almorae), to eastern Assam and northern East Paki- stan. Sitta castanea koelzi Vaurie Sitta europaea koelzi Vaurie, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1472, p. 5 — Patkai Hills, Burma. Hills of northern Burma (Patkai, Naga, northern Cachar, Barail). Sitta castanea neglecta Walden Sitta neglecta Walden, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 5, p. 218 — Karen Hills, Tonghoo District, Burma. Sitta auto-sitta siamensis Kleinschmidt, 1928, Berajah, p. 14 — Doi Khun Tan, northern Thailand. Plains and lower hills of Burma, from Chindwin south to Tenasserim and eastward through central Thailand to south- ern Laos, southern Annam, and Cambodia. Sitta castanea castanea Lesson Sitta castanea Lesson, 1830, Traité Ova, p. 316 —no locality ; Bengal, fide Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 559. Sitta castaneoventris Franklin, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 121 — no locality. Sitta castanea pratert Whistler and Kinnear, 1936, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 522 — Anantagiri, San- krametta, Jeypore Agency. Foothills of Himalayas, below 3,500 ft., and hills and plains of Indian Peninsula, from neighborhood of Ambala eastward to Bihar and West Bengal, and from Dungarpur (about lat. 24° N., long. 74° E.), eastward to Orissa and northern Andhra, India. Sitta castanea tonkinensis Kinnear Sitta castanea tonkinensis Kinnear, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 56, p. 71 — Napé, Laos. Mountains of northern Thailand (Hua Mot), northwest- ern Tonkin, and northern and central Laos.1 1 A specimen from southern Yunnan (Ma-Li-Ping, lat. 22° 67’ N., 134 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD SITTA HIMALAYENSIS Sitta himalayensis Jardine and Selby Sitta himalayensis Jardine and Selby, 1835, Ill. Orn., 3, pl. 144 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla by Meinertz- hagen, 1927, Ibis, p. 410. Sitta himalayensis whistleri Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 2, p. 618 — Fansipan, above Chapa, north- western Tonkin. Sitta himalayensis australis Koelz, 1951, Journ. Zool. Soe. India, 3, p. 29 — Tekhubama, Naga Hills, Assam. Sitta himalayensis lushaiensis Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4, no. 1, p. 37— Hmuntha, Lushai Hills, Assam. 7 India, from about long. 76° E., eastward through Hima- layas to northwestern Yunnan and southward to the south- ern Shan States, northwestern Tonkin and Tranninh Plateau in Laos. SITTA VICTORIAE! Sitta victoriae Rippon Sitta victoriae Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 84 — Mt. Victoria. Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills, Burma. SITTA PYGMAEA —~Sitta pygmaea pygmaea Vigors Sitta pygmaea Vigors, 1839, in Beechey, Zool. Voy. ‘Blossom,’ p. 25, pl. 4 — Monterey, California. Discontinuously distributed in humid coastal forests of California. — Sitta pygmaea melanotis van Rossem Sitta pygmaea melanotis van Rossem, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 176 — Chiracahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. Pine forested mountains of western North America, from southern British Columbia southward to San Diego County, eastward through Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains, and long. 101° 04’ E.) recorded by Cheng Tso-hsin, Cheng Pao-lai, Tang Jui-chan, and Pan Tsin-hwa, 1958, Act. Zool. Sinica, 10, p. 101, probably is of this subspecies. — J. C. G., Jr. 1 Sometimes considered to be conspecific with himalayensis. — Ed. SITTINAE 135 mountains of Nevada, Idaho, western Montana, Utah, Colo- rado, Wyoming and Black Hills of South Dakota; discon- tinuously distributed in mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, western Texas, Sonora (San José Mountains) and, apparently isolated, in northern Coahuila. — Sitta pygmaea canescens van Rossem Sitta pygmaea canescens van Rossem, 1931, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 328 — Yellow Pines, 8,200 ft., Lee Canyon, Charleston Mountains, Clark County, Nevada. Charleston and Sheep Mountains, Nevada. Perhaps not separable from melanotis. — Sitta pygmaea leuconucha Anthony Sitta pygmaea leuconucha Anthony, 1889, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2, p. 77 —San Pedro Martir Moun- tains, Baja California. From southern California, in pine forests of San Jacinto and Laguna Mountains, south to Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro MAartir, Baja California. ~—— Sitta pygmaea chihuahuae van Rossem - Sitta pygmaea chihuahuae van Rossem, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 177— Mound Valley, Chi- huahua, Mexico. Pine forests of Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, from about lat. 30° N. in Chihuahua, south through Sinaloa and Durango, to northern Nayarit and northern Jalisco. Sitta pygmaea brunnescens Norris Sitta pygmaea brunnescens Norris, 1958, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 56, p. 148 — Sierra de Tapalpa, 15 miles west of Sayula, 7,450 ft., Jalisco, Mexico. Mountains of southern Jalisco and of Michoacan, Mexico. — Sitta pygmaea flavinucha van Rossem Sitta pygmaea flavinucha van Rossem, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 5 — Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico. Mountains of eastern Mexico in Morelos, México, Puebla, Veracruz, and Nuevo Leon. SITTA PUSILLA ~— Sitta pusilla pusilla Latham Sitta pusilla Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 263 — 136 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Carolina, Jamaica [= South Carolina, fide Wayne, 1917, Contr. Charleston Mus., no. 3, p. 8]. Sitta pusilla caniceps Bangs, 1898, Auk, 2, p. 180 — Clear- water, Florida. Southern United States in pine forests, from eastern Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Arkansas, eastward through Alabama, the Carolinas, and Virginia, to southern Maryland and southern Delaware, and southward to coasts of Gulf of Mexico and Florida. —— Sitta pusilla insularis Bond Sitta pusilla insularis Bond, 19381, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 83, p. 389 — Grand Bahama Island. Grand Bahama Island. SITTA WHITEHEADI1 —— Sitta whiteheadi Sharpe Sitta whiteheadi Sharpe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 233, 414, pl. 36 — mountains of Corsica. Pine forests of mountains of Corsica. SITTA YUNNANENSIS! ~——— Sitta yunnanensis Ogilvie-Grant Sitta yunnanensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 10, p. 37 — near Wei Yuan, southern Yunnan. Pine forests, above 9,000 ft., in mountains of western China in eastern Sikang and Yunnan. SITTA CANADENSIS - ~ Sitta canadensis Linnaeus Sitta canadensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 177 — Canada. Sitta canadensis clariterga Burleigh, 1960, Auk, 77, p. 212 — headquarters, Clearwater County, Idaho. Pine forests of North America, from southern Alaska eastward through central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, Labrador, Newfound- land and St. Pierre islands, southward (where increasingly isolated) to San Jacinto Mountains of southern California 1S. yunnanensis and whiteheadi have sometimes been treated as subspecies of canadensis, but see Lohr], 1960, Journ. f. Orn., 101, pp. 245-264. — J. C. G., Jr. SITTINAE 137 and Guadalupe Island off the coast of Mexico, eastward through mountains of Arizona (Santa Catalina, Chiricahua, Graham), western and southern Colorado, Wyoming, Mon- tana, central Minnesota, Wisconsin and northern Michigan ; throughout Appalachian chain to western North Carolina, and in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and New Brunswick. In winter, general movement to lower altitudes, and (erratically) southward to pine forests near Mexican border, and along Gulf of Mexico to northern Florida. SITTA VILLOSA —— Sitta villosa bangsi Stresemann Sitta canadensis bangsi Stresemann, 1929, Orn. Monatsb., 37, p. 74—Dschu lin Kou Gorge, southern Tatung Range, northern Kansu [=northeastern Tsinghai]. Western China in mountains of eastern Tsinghai (Richt- _hofen, Tatung, Koko Nor Ranges), and Kansu south to Choni. —Sitta villosa villosa Verreaux Sitta villosa Verreaux, 1865, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 1, p. 78, pl. 5, fig. 1 — Chine au Nord de Pekin. Sitta corea Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 87 — Min-gyong, 110 miles southeast of Seoul, Korea. Northeastern China, from central Manchuria south to northern Hopeh and Korea. SITTA LEUCOPSIS —— Sitta leucopsis leucopsis Gould Sitta leucopsis Gould, 1850, Birds Asia, 2, pt. 1, pl. 46 — interior northwestern Himalayas. Above 8,000 feet in mountains of eastern Afghanistan, West Pakistan, North West Frontier Province and Gilgit, and eastward along Himalayas, to Dhauli Valley, Garhwal. —Sitta leucopsis przewalskii Berezowski and Bianchi Sitta przewalsku Berezowski and Bianchi, 1891, Aves. Expd. Potanini (St. Pétersbourg), p. 119 — Mindscheu District, upper Chuanche [= Hwang ho], eastern Tsin- ghai, China. Northwestern China from Kingbo region of Sikang (lat. 29° 30’ N., long. 94° E.), eastward to neighborhood of Litang 138 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD in central Sikang, and northeastward to southern Tatung Range on border of eastern Tsinghai and Kansu. Recorded from southeastern Tibet in December and April (see Ludlow, 1951, Ibis, p. 555). SITTA CAROLINENSIS ~— Sitta carolinensis aculeata Cassin Sitta aculeata Cassin, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, 8 (1856), p. 254 — California; restricted to Monterey, California by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38, p. 290. Coastal ranges of western North America, from Washing- ton and Oregon southward throughout coastal mountains of California to Sierra Juarez in extreme northern Baja Cali- fornia. -Sitta carolinensis tenuissima Grinnell Sitta carolinensis tenuissima Grinnell, 1918, Condor, 20, p. 88 — Hanaupah Canyon, 8,700 ft., Panamint Moun- tains, Inyo County, California. Sitta carolinensis alexandrae Grinnell, 1926, Univ. Cali- fornia Publ. Zool., 21, p. 405 — near Arroyo La Encen- tada, 7,200 ft., 3 miles north of La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. Northwestern North America, from interior of southern British Columbia and eastern Washington, eastward to northern Idaho, northern Utah, and western Wyoming, southward through eastern Oregon to Sierra Nevada Moun- tains of Nevada and California, to Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. ~—— Sitta carolinensis lagunae Brewster Sitta carolinensis lagunae Brewster, 1891, Auk, 8, p. 149 — Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California. Mountains of southern Baja California, Mexico. —— Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 923 — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Sitta carolinensis oberholseri Brandt, 1938, Auk, 55, p. 269 — Boot Canyon, 7,000 ft., Brewster County, Texas. Sitta carolinensis umbrosa van Rossem, 1939, Proc. Biol. SITTINAE 139 Soc. Washington, 52, p. 4 — Sierra Madre, near Guada- lupe y Calvo, southern Chihuahua. Sitta carolinensis uintaensis Twomey, 1942, Ann. Car- negie Mus., 28, p. 597 — Green Lake, 8,000 ft., 40 miles north of Vernal, Uinta Mountains, Utah. Mixed and coniferous forests of Rocky Mountains, from extreme eastern Nevada and Utah, northeastward through eastern Wyoming to central Montana, western South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska, southward through mountains in central Colorado to northern Arizona, and again in southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Chisos Mountains of Texas, southward in Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico in eastern Sonora, and in Sinaloa, Nayarit, northern Jalisco, western Chihuahua, Durango, and western Zacatecas. ~——Sitta carolinensis mexicana Nelson and Palmer Sitta carolinensis mexicana Nelson and Palmer, 1894, Auk, 11, p. 45 — Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, Mexico. Mixed forest of eastern and southern areas of Central Plateau of Mexico, from southern Coahuila and eastern Zacatecas south through Nuevo Leén and southwestern Tamaulipas to western Veracruz, and west through Puebla, Morelos, México, and Michoacan to southern Jalisco. —— Sitta carolinensis kinneari van Rossem Sitta carolinensis kinneari van Rossem, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 3— Amula (Tixtla), Guerrero, Mexico. Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico. —— Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Latham Sitta carolinensis Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 262 — in America, Jamaica; South Carolina (ex Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 22) accepted as type locality. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi Scott, 1890, Auk, p. 110 — Tarpon Springs, Florida. Sitta carolinensis cookei Oberholser, 1917, Auk, 34, p. 185 — Washington, District of Columbia. 1 A northern subspecies recognized by recent reviewers. This popu- lation is distinguished only by the single character of a slightly paler back which is to be seen only when large numbers of specimens taken north of New Jersey are compared with Florida birds. — J. C. G., Jr. 140 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Deciduous and coniferous forests of eastern North America, from southern Manitoba eastward to southern Quebec, central Maine, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and northern Nova Scotia, and southward, in isolated localities, through eastern Kansas and Oklahoma, to central Texas, northern Louisiana, central Mississippi, central Ala- bama, northwestern and central Florida. SITTA KRUEPERI ~~ Sitta krueperi Pelzeln Sitta kriiperi Pelzeln, 1863, Sitzungsb. K. Acad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 48, pt. 1, p. 149 — Smyrna. Turkey, eastward to Transcaucasia and southern Cau- casus Mountains. SITTA NEUMAYER _—Sitta neumayer neumayer Michahelles Sitta neumayer Michahelles, 1830, Isis von Oken, col. 814 — Ragusa [= Dubrovnic], Dalmatia. Southeastern Europe from Dalmatian coast of Adriatic Sea to Greece. ——Sitta neumayer syriaca Temminck Sitta syriaca Temminck (ex Ehrenberg [= Hemprich] MS), 1835, Man. Orn., 3, p. 286 — Syria and in the east. Sitta neumayer zarudnyi Buturlin, 1907, Mitt. Kaukas Mus., 3, p. 70 — Asia Minor. Pine forests of Turkey, southward to northern parts of Israel and Jordan. ~~ Sitta neumayer rupicola Blanford Sitta rupicola Blanford, 1873, Ibis, p. 87 — Elburz Moun- tains, northern Iran. Sitta syriaca parva Buturlin, 1906, Ibis, p. 417 — Tiflis. From pine forests of Transcaucasus and Armenia, east- ward to Elburz Mountains, Qum region, and Great Kavir, Iran. Sitta neumayer tschitscherini Zarudny Sitta tschitscherini Zarudny, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., p. 218 — Isfahan, Iran. Iraq, in mountains of Kurdistan, and Iran in Zagros Mountains, Ardistan, Anarak Mountains, and region of Isfahan, eastward in pine forests to Niriz and Fars. SITTINAE 141 Sitta neumayer plumbea Koelz Sitta neumayer plumbea Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1452, p. 9 — Guragan, near Masghun, Kuh i Jamal Range, southwest of Bham, Kirman, southeastern Iran. Known only from type locality. SITTA TEPHRONOTA —— Sitta tephronota tephronota Sharpe Sitta tephronota Sharpe, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 450 — Kokand, Fergana, Uzbeck, S.S.R. Rupisitta tephronota iranica Buturlin, 1916, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. Pétrograd, 44, p. 165 — Persian-Transcas- pian border, northeastern Iran. Sitta neumayer subcaeruleus Meinertzhagen, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 58, p. 96 — Haibak, Afghan Turkestan. Pine forests in northern Iran, from Khorasan south to Neh and northern Seistan, and Russia in Tian Shan and Kara Tan ranges, mountains of Fergana, the Pamirs, and southern Transcaspia, through Afghanistan to northern Baluchistan, and in West Pakistan from Shingar to Kalat. Sitta tephronota obscura Zarudny and Loudon Sitta syriaca obscura Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 76 — mountains between the Caspian and the Sawa River Valley [=Elburz], also Persian Baluchistan and central Iranian plateau. Sitta tephronota armeniaca Vorobiev, 1934, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., p. 156 — Djamaldin, 24 km. southeast of Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan. Apparently a discontinuous distribution in Armenia, northern Iran, from Azerbaijan, eastward in Elburz Moun- tains and plateau of central Iran from about lat. 35° N., to mountains of southeastern Iran on border of Baluchistan. Sitta tephronota dresseri Zarudny and Buturlin Sitta dresseri Zarudny and Buturlin, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 132 —no locality; Shiraz, Fars, southern Iran, designated by Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeri- formes, p. 533. Sitta neumayer kurdistanica Ticehurst, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 28 — Tangi Dorq, Kurdistan [Dohuk District, northern Iraq, fide Vaurie, 1959, op. cit., p. 533]. 142 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pine forests of Kurdistan and western Azerbaijan, south- ward in Zagros Mountains to eastern Fars, Iran. Intergrades with obscura in western Azerbaijan. SITTA FRONTALIS —— Sitta frontalis frontalis Swainson Sitta frontalis Swainson, 1820, Zool. Ill., ser. 1, pl. 2— Ceylon. Sitta corallina Hodgson, 1836, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5, p. 779 — Nepal. Sitta frontalis hageni Parrot, 1908, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, Math. Phys. Cl., 24, p. 244 — Banka. Sitta frontalis simplex Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, 52, p. 683 — Londa, Bombay Presidency. 2? Sitta frontalis chienfengensis Tso-Hsin Cheng, Wen- ning Ting and Tze-Yu Wang, 1964, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1, p. 2 — Chieng-feng-ling, 750-800 m., Hainan. Indian Peninsula from foothills of Himalayas (to about 4,000 ft.) , in Garhwal southward to Nilgiri Hills and Ceylon, eastward throughout Burma to southern Tenaserrim (inter- grading with saturatior), and eastward to northern Thai- land, southern Yunnan, Hainan Island, lower altitudes in Indochina, southern Sumatra, Java, and Banka. / ~~ Sitta frontalis saturatior Hartert? Sitta frontalis saturatior Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 573 — Mt. Tahan, Malay States. Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, northern Sumatra, and Simalur. Sitta frontalis corallipes (Sharpe) Dendrophila corallipes Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 479 — Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo. Borneo and Maratua Islands. —Sitta frontalis palawana Hartert? Sitta frontalis palawana Hartert, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 11 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Balabac and Palawan, Philippine Islands. 1 Sitta longirostra Latham, 1790, p. 264 (“Batavia’’) is not identi- hlable: —— J. (Cs G:, Ja: 2 This subspecies and the preceding ones have red bills, the follow- ing yellow. The two groups may represent distinct species. — Je Gon Gresnehts SITTINAE 143 —~ Sitta frontalis mesoleuca (Ogilvie-Grant) Dendrophila mesoleuca Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 49 — mountains of northern Luzon. Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. ~—Sitta frontalis oenochlamys (Sharpe) Dendrophila oenochlamys Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1, p. 338, pl. 53, fig. 3 — Guimaras, Philippine Islands. Callisitta frontalis cebuensis Hachisuka, 1930, Contrib. Birds Philippines, no. 2, p. 203 — Toledo, Cebu. Callisitta frontalis insignis Hachisuka, 1930, Contrib. Birds Philippines, no. 2, p. 202 — Cadiz, Negros. Forested lowlands of Luzon, Guimaras, Panay, Cebu and Negros, Philippine Islands. Sitta frontalis lilacea (Whitehead) Dendrophila lilacea Whitehead, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 6, p. 49 — Samar. Samar and Leyte, Philippine Islands. Sitta frontalis apo (Hachisuka) Callisitta frontalis apo Hachisuka, 1930, Contrib. Birds Philippines, no. 2, p. 203 — Mt. Apo, Mindanao. Southeastern Mindanao (Mt. Apo, Mt. McKinley, and Cotobato), Philippine Islands. — Sitta frontalis zamboanga Rand and Rabor Sitta frontalis zamboanga Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fiel- diana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, no. 2, p. 16 — Napangan, 5,500-6,200 ft., Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao. Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, and Basilan, Philip- pine Islands. SITTA SOLANGIAE! —~Sitta solangiae solangiae (Delacour and Jabouille) Calositta solangiae Delacour and Jabouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 9, p. 395— Loquiho, near Chapa, Tonkin. Fansipan Range, northeastern Tonkin. 1 Possibly conspecific with S. frontalis.—J. C. G., Jr. 144 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Sitta solangiae fortior Delacour and Greenway Sitta solangiae fortior Delacour and Greenway, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 183 — Pics de Langbian, south- ern Annam. Known only from type locality in hills of south-central Annam. SITTA AZUREA —— Sitta azurea expectata (Hartert) Callisitta azurea expectata Hartert, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 35, p. 34 — Samangko Pass, 4,000 ft., Pahang, Malaya. Malaya and Sumatra. ——Sitta azurea nigriventer (Robinson and Kloss) Poliositta azurea nigriventer Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 17 — Mt. Gede, western Java. Western Java. Sitta azurea azurea Lesson Sitta azurea Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., p. 316 — no type locality; Mt. Ardjuno, eastern Java designated by Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 17. Eastern Java. SITTA MAGNA —— Sitta magna ligea Deignan Sitta magna ligea Deignan, 1938, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 97 (9), p. 1 — Likiang, 8,200 ft., northwestern Yunnan. Mountains of northwestern Yunnan, western China. Sitta magna magna Ramsay Sitta magna Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 677 — Karenni. Central Burma, Karenni, Shan States, and mountains of northern Thailand. SITTA FORMOSA ~— Sitta formosa Blyth Sitta formosa Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 988 — Darjeeling. DAPHOENOSITTINAE 145 Himalayas from Sikkim to eastern and southern Assam, Burma in Chin Hills, Arakan Yamas, and Shan States in Salween-Mekong divide, northeastern Tonkin (Chapa), and upper Laos (Tranninh). SUBFAMILY DAPHOENOSITTINAE! GENUS NEOSITTA HELLMAYR Sitella Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 317. Type, by monotypy, Sitella chrysoptera Latham. Not Sutela Rafinesque, 1815, = Sitta Linnaeus. Neositta Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 187. ons. by monotypy, Sittella chrysoptera Latham. New name for Sittella Swainson, preoccupied. Neositella Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 114. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Sittella striata Gould. cf. Mayr, 1950, Emu, 49, pp. 282-291. NEOSITTA CHRYSOPTERA —Neositta chrysoptera pileata (Gould) Sittella pileata Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 68 — Swan River, southwestern Australia. Sittella tenuirostris Gould, 1865, Birds Australia, 1, p. 610 — South Australia. Neositta pileata whitlocki Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 47 — Stirling Ranges. Neositta pileata broomei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 880 — Broome Hill, southwestern Australia. Neositta pileata milligani Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 380 — East Murchison, mid-western Australia. From Pilbarra district of Western Australia (lat. 21° S., long. 120° E.) and west-central Australia, southward and eastward to South Australia, western Victoria (Murtoa, Lake Tyrrel), and western New South Wales. Intergrades with nominate chrysoptera in eastern South Australia and eastern Victoria. — Neositta chrysoptera lathami Mathews Neositta chrysoptera lathami Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 379 — Parwan, Victoria. 1 The relationships of this taxon are obscure. —J. C. G., Jr. 146 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Eastern Victoria, Australia. An intergrade between pi- leata and lumholtzt. —Neositta chrysoptera chrysoptera (Latham) Sitta chrysoptera Latham, 1801, Index Orn. Suppl., p. 32 — Sydney, New South Wales. Eastern New South Wales northward to Clarence and Richmond Rivers. An intermediate population (lathami X lumholtzi) intergrading with leuwcocephala where the two meet. — Neositta chrysoptera leucocephala (Gould) Sittella leucocephala Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 68 — Moreton Bay, south Queensland. Australia from border of New South Wales (where inter- grades with nominate chrysoptera), northward through eastern Queensland to about lat. 24° S., and perhaps north- ward in central Queensland. Neositta chrysoptera lumholtzi Mathews Neositta leucoptera lumholtzi Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 61 — mid—Queensland; restricted to Gracemere by Mayr, 1950, Emu, 49, p. 285. Eastern Queensland from vicinity of Rockhampton (about lat. 23° 30’ S.), north to Suttor River (about lat. 22° S.). Neositta chrysoptera albata (Ramsay) Sittella albata Ramsay, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 351 — Bowen, Port Denison, Queensland. Neositta albata ramsayi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 4, p. 36 — north of Brisbane, Queensland. Known only from vicinity of Bowen (about lat. 20° S.) in eastern Queensland. An intermediate population connecting pileata with striata and leucoptera. Neositta chrysoptera magnirostris Ingram Neositta magnirostris Ingram, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 99 — Inkerman, Queensland. Known only from vicinity of Inkerman (about lat. 21° S.) in northeastern Queensland. Neositta chrysoptera rothschildi Mathews Neositta striata rothschildi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 881 — Cairns. From vicinity of Cairns, northward to about lat. 16° S. DAPHOENOSITTINAE 147 ——Neositta chrysoptera striata (Gould) Sittella striata Gould, 1869, Birds Australia, suppl., pt. 5, pl. 54— Cape York, northern Queensland. From south of Cooktown (about lat. 16° S.), northward through Cape York Peninsula and westward to Flinders River at head of Gulf of Carpentaria. ~~ Neositta chrysoptera leucoptera Gould Sitella leucoptera Gould, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 144 — northwest coast; restricted to Port Es- sington by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasian- arum, 2, p. 690. Neositta mortont North, 1912, Ibis, p. 118 — Port Essing- ton. Neositta leucoptera rogersi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 380 — Mungi, interior of northwestern Australia. Neositta pileata melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 47 — Melville Island. Neositta pileata subleucoptera Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 880 — Alexandra, east of Northern Terri- tory. Neositta pileata napiert Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 68 — Napier, Broome Bay, northwest Aus- tralia. From Alexandra and Leichardt River at head of Gulf of Carpentaria, eastward through Northern Territory to Kim- berley Division, and southward for an unknown distance in central Australia. NEOSITTA PAPUENSIS Neositta papuensis albifrons (Ramsay) Sittella albifrons Ramsay, 1883, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 8, p. 24 — Astrolabe Mountains. Sittella griseiceps De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 102 — Mt. Manaeo. Mountain forests of southeastern New Guinea. Neositta papuensis wahgiensis Gyldenstolpe Neositta papuensis wahgiensis Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Ark. f. Zool., 8, p. 153— Nondugl, Wahgi region, Western Highlands, New Guinea. Known only from type locality (lat. 144° 15’ E., long. 5° 59’ S.), and Mt. Hagen. 148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Neositta papuensis toxopeusi Rand Neositta papuensis toxopeusi Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 11 — Bele River, 2,200 m., 18 km. north of Lake Habbema. Northern slopes of Oranje Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. Neositta papuensis intermedia Junge Neositta papuensis intermedia Junge, 1952, Zool. Mede- del., 31, no. 22, p. 249 — Bofairo (lat. 186° 15’ E., long. 3° 50’ S:). Known only from type locality in region of Wissell Lake, northern slopes of Nassau Range, northwestern New Guinea. ——Neositta papuensis alba Rand Neositta papuensis alba Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 10 — 15 km. south of Bernhard Camp, Iden- burg River. Northern slopes of central Range, north of Idenburg River, New Guinea. Neositta papuensis papuensis (Schlegel) Sitta papuensis Schlegel, 1873, Ned. Tidsch. Dierk., 4, p. 47 — Arfak Mountains. Arfak Mountains between 1,500 and 2,200 m., western New Guinea. GENUS DAPHOENOSITTA DE Vis Daphoenositta De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 880. Type, by mono- typy, Daphoenositta miranda De Vis. cf. Rand, 1936, Auk, 53, p. 306. DAPHOENOSITTA MIRANDA — Daphoenositta miranda miranda De Vis Daphoenositta miranda De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 8380 — Mt. Seratchley, New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Mt. Tafa, Mt. Seratchley). Daphoenositta miranda kuboriensis Mayr and Gilliard Daphoenositta miranda kuboriensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1577, p. 5 — Mt. O-Mar, Kubor Mountains, Central Highlands, Mandated Terri- tory of New Guinea. TICHODROMADINAE 149 Known only from Central Highlands of northeastern New Guinea. Daphoenositta miranda frontalis van Oort Daphoenositta miranda frontalis van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 214 — Hellwig Mountains, 2,600 m., eastern Snow Mountains, New Guinea. Oranje Range, Nassau Range (Ilanga), northwestern New Guinea. SUBFAMILY TICHODROMADINAE GENUS TICHODROMA ILLIGER Tichodroma Illiger, 1811, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium, p. 210. Type, by monotypy and original designation, Cer- thia muraria Linnaeus. TICHODROMA MURARIA ——Tichodroma muraria muraria (Linnaeus) Certhia muraria Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 184 — southern Europe. Motacilla longirostra S. G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russl., 3, p. 100, pl. 19, fig. 2 — mountains of Iran. Mountains of Europe and Near East, from Pyrenees, mountains of eastern and southern Spain and the Alps, southward through northern Apennines and Abruzzi Moun- tains of Italy, eastward through Hungary and Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, central Greece and Turkey to the Caucasus, and south to Lebanon and Elburz and Zagros mountains of northern and western Iran. Moves generally to lower alti- tudes in winter. Vagrants have been found throughout Europe. ——Tichodroma muraria nepalensis Bonaparte Tichodroma nepalensis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 225 — central Asia. Tichodroma muraria ognewi Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 130 — Tashkent. Mountains of Asia from Transcaspia and Pamir Ranges, south to eastern Iran, eastward through ranges of Russian and Chinese Turkestan, the Altai of Mongolia, Afghanistan, the Himalayas (above 12,000 ft.), and higher mountains of China to northern Hopeh and northern Fukien. Moves to lower altitudes in winter and wanders widely. 150 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD FAMILY CERTHIIDAE! JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. ef. Vaurie, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1472, pp. 35-39 (Asia). ——, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1855, pp. 1-14 (Palearctic). ——., 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 536- 546. SUBFAMILY CERTHIINAE GENUS CERTHIA LINNAEUS Certhia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 118. Type, by tautonomy?, Certhia familiaris Linnaeus. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS —~Certhia familiaris brittanica Ridgway Certhia familiaris brittanica Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 113 — England; restricted to Mottis- font, Hampshire, by Meinertzhagen, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 26. Certhia familiaris meinertzhageni Clancey, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 42— Caragh Lake, County Kerry, Ireland. Britain and Ireland. —— Certhia familiaris macrodactyla Brehm Certhia macrodactyla Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 208 — Germany. Certhia familiaris fatioi Jouard, 1929, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54, p. 250 — Montana—Vermala plateau, 1,500- 1,600 m., Alpes Valaisannes, Switzerland. Certhia familiaris rufa Jouard, 1929, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54, p. 252 — Berchtesgaden, Salzburg, Alps, Bavaria. Certhia familiaris gerbet Jouard, 1930, Alauda, p. 196 — Basses Alpes. Europe from Denmark eastward to northwestern Poland (Pomerania) and southward through eastern Belgium and 1 MS read by H. G. Deignan. 2 Int. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1955, 1, Sec. C (C-8), pp. 89-112. Direc- tion 17.— J. C. G., Jr. CERTHIINAE 151 France to the Pyrenees, the Alps and Italy, south to Calabria and east to Czechoslovakia, western Hungary and Yugo- slavia. ~ Certhia familiaris familiaris Linnaeus Certhia familiaris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 118 — “in Europae arboribus reptans’”’; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 317. Certhia familiaris caucasica Buturlin, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., p. 8— Caucasus, Transcaucasia. Certhia familiaris talyshensis Buturlin, 1908, Nascha Ochota, 9, p. 5 — Talysh. Certhia familiaris buturlint Banjkovski, 1912, Mess. Orn., 3, p. 161 — Crimea. Certhia familiaris rossica Domaniewski, 1922, Disciplin. Biol. Arch. Soc. Sci. Varsaviensis, 1, fasc. 10, p. 3 — Gousielskoye Zaimischtche, near Saratov, Volga. Certhia familiaris ciscaucasica Buturlin, 1928, Syst. Notes. Birds North. Caucasus, p. 26 — Wladikaukas. Certhia familiaris gerchneri Charlemagne, 1928, Acad. Sci. Ukraine, Trav. Mus. Zool., no. 5, p. 483 — Kiev, Volhynia, Ukraine. Forests of Norway and Sweden eastward through Fin- land, Russia and western Siberia to Yenisei River, and southward to East Prussia and Pomerania (where inter- grades with macrodactyla), eastern Hungary, the Balkans, central Greece, the Ukraine, and western Siberia north of about lat. 51° N.; wanders widely, but erratically, both northward and southward in non-breeding season. Certhia familiaris corsa Hartert Certhia familiaris corsa Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 820 — Corsica. Corsica. Certhia familiaris persica Zarudny and Loudon Certhia familiaris persica Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 106 — Gilan, Mazanderan, and Astrabad, Iran. Caucasus Mountains and the Crimea southward through Transcaucasia and eastward through northern Iran in EI- burz Mountains. 152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD — Certhia familiaris tianschanica Hartert Certhia familiaris tianschanica Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 321 — Ak-Su, southern Tian Shan [= Aqsu (? river or town), Sinkiang, fide Vaurie, 1959]. Russian Turkestan in the Zailiski and Terskei Ala Tau, eastward to the central Tian Shan Range in Chinese Turke- stan (about long. 81° E.). ——Certhia familiaris hodgsoni Brooks Certhia familiaris hodgsoni Brooks, 1873, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, 41 (1872), p. 74 — Kashmir. Western Himalayas from North West Frontier Province to northern Punjab, where intergrades with mandelli. ——Certhia familiaris mandellii Brooks Certhia Mandellii Brooks, 1874, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben- gal, 42 (1873), p. 256 — Sikkim. Himalayas, above 8,000 ft., from Punjab eastward to Sik- kim and Bhutan. —~ Certhia familiaris bianchii Hartert Certhia familiaris bianchii Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 321 — southern Tatung Mountains, Kansu. Western China from extreme eastern Tsinghai, eastward through Kansu to Tsinling Range in southern Shensi. ~Certhia familiaris khamensis Bianchi Certhia khamensis Bianchi, 1903, in Sharpe, Hand-list, 4, p. 860 — Kansu, etc.; restricted to upper Mekong River in Kham [= central Sikang] by Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 321. Certhia familiaris kwanhsienensis Kleinschmidt and Wei- gold, 1922, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15, no. 3, p. 7 — Kwanhsien, Szechwan (winter visitor). Certhia familiaris waschanensis Kleinschmidt and Wei- gold, 1922, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15 (3), p. 8— Wa Shan, Szechwan. Western China from western Sikang, at about lat. 32° N., along border of Tibet, southward to mountains of north- western Yunnan, western Szechwan, and northern Burma (Adung Valley). ~~ Certhia familiaris daurica Domaniewski Certhia familiaris daurica Domaniewski, 1922, Disciplin. CERTHIINAE 153 Biol. Arch. Soc. Sci. Varsaviensis, 1, fasc. 10, p. 4— Darasun, Transbaicalia. Certhia familiaris canescens Sushkin, 1925, List Distr. Birds Russian Altai, p. 69 — Minusinsk. Certhia familiaris altaica Sushkin, 1925, List Distr. Birds Russian Altai, p. 70 — central Altai. Certhia familiaris orientalis Domaniewski, 1922, Disciplin. Biol. Arch. Soc. Sci. Varsaviensis, 1, fasc. 10, p. 5 — Sidemi [River], Amourie [= southern Ussuriland]. Certhia familiaris ernsti Kuroda, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 17 — Hokkaido. Certhia familiaris kurilensis Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, pp. 21 (Japanese), 84 (English) — Kurile Islands. Certhia familiaris kawamurai Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, pp. 22 (Japanese), 84 (English) — Korea. Forests of Siberia from region of Yenisei River (about long. 90° E.), eastward through the Altai, Tarbagatai, Sayan ranges and northern Mongolia, to Stanavoi Moun- tains, Amurland, southern shores of Sea of Okhotsk, Man- churia, northern Korea, and northern Hopeh, China; south- ern Kurile Islands, Sakhalin Island and Hokkaido. —? Certhia familiaris japonica Hartert Certhia familiaris japonica Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 188 — Iwaki, northern Hondo. Certhia familiaris shikokiana Mishima, 1955, Tori, 13, no. 65, p. 22 — Nakaeda-mura, Oegun, Tokushima, Shikoku. Hondo, Japan; breeding records for southern Korea and island of Shikoku require confirmation. Perhaps not different from daurica. —Certhia familiaris montana Ridgway! Certhia familiaris montana Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 114 — Mt. Graham, Arizona. Certhia familiaris caurina Aldrich, 1946, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59, p. 129 — Gotchen Creek Ranger Sta- tion, Mt. Adams, Yakima County, Washington. Western North America in Alaska (where apparently iso- 1 The North American races are sometimes considered (e.g., Thielcke, 1962, Journ. f. Orn., 103, pp. 266-271) to be members of a separate species (C. americana).— J. C. G., Jr. 154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD lated in coastal regions from Kodiak Island east to Yakutat and vicinity of Juneau), interior British Columbia, and east- ward in mountain forests of western Alberta and central Saskatchewan, southward through eastern Washington and Oregon to northeastern Nevada; mountains of northern Ari- zona, New Mexico (Black Canyon and Sacramento), and western Texas (Guadalupe Mountains). — Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ridgway | } Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 115 — “Pacific coast of North America, breeding from mountains of southern California to British Columbia.” Coastal western North America from vicinity of Juneau and Alexander Archipelago in Alaska, southward in coastal British Columbia, western Oregon and Washington, to about lat. 36° 30’ N. in Monterey County, California. Certhia familiaris zelotes Osgood Certhia familiaris zelotes Osgood, 1901, Auk, 18, p. 182 — Battle Creek, Tehama County, California. California on eastern slopes of coastal ranges and Sierra Nevada range, south to Laguna Mountains in southern Cali- fornia. Certhia familiaris leucosticta van Rossem Certhia familiaris leucosticta van Rossem, 1931, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 329 — Hidden Forest, 8,500 ft., Sheep Mountains, Clark County, Nevada. Southern Nevada in Charleston and Sheep Mountains, and Kane County, Utah. Certhia familiaris albescens Berlepsch Certhia mexicana albescens Berlepsch, 1888, Auk, 5, p. 450 — [La] Ciudad, Durango, Mexico. Mountains of southeastern Arizona (Santa Rita, Chiri- cahua), southwestern New Mexico, southward in Sierra Madre Occidental to Durango, Nayarit and Zacatecas, Mex- ico. ~ Certhia familiaris jaliscensis Miller and Griscom! Certhia familiaris jaliscensis Miller and Griscom, 1925, 1 C. f. molinensis Phillips, 1966, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 86, p. 125 — Rio Molino, 2,250 m., below San Miguel Suchixtepec, southwestern Oaxaca, known only from the type locality, has not been seen. — JenCoiGe, it CERTHIINAE 155 Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 183, p. 6 — Volcan de Nieve, 18,000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Colima, Jalisco, Mexico. Certhia familiaris guerrerensis van Rossem, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 5 — Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Mountains of southwestern Mexico, from southern Jalisco to Michoacan and Guerrero. ——Certhia familiaris alticola Miller Certhia mexicana Gloger (ex Lichtenstein MS), 1833, Abandern der Vogel durch Einfluss des Klima’s, p. 154 — mountains near Oaxaca. Not Certhia mexicana Gmelin, 1788. Certhia familiaris alticola G. S. Miller, 1895, Auk, 12, p. 186, new name for C. mexicana Gloger, preoccupied; type locality restricted to Las Vigas, Veracruz, by Mil- ler and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 183, p. 7. Mountains of southeastern Mexico in Oaxaca, eastern México, Distrito Federal, Morelos, Hidalgo, Puebla and western Veracruz. ——Certhia familiaris pernigra Griscom Certhia familiaris pernigra Griscom, 1935, Ibis, p. 552 — Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala. Certhia familiaris nubigena Wetmore, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 51 — Desconsuelo, Totonicapan, western Guatemala. Mountain forests of southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala. Certhia familiaris extima Miller and Griscom Certhia familiaris extima Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1838, p. 6—San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua. Mountains of Nicaragua. -Certhia familiaris americana Bonaparte Certhia familiaris Audubon, 1838, Birds Amer., folio ed., pl. 419 — North America. Not Certhia familiaris Lin- naeus, 1758. Certhia americana Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe N. Amer., p. 11 — eastern and northern parts of North America. New name for C. familiaris Audubon, preoccupied. 156 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Certhia familiaris anticostiensis Braund and McCullagh, 1940, Wilson Bull., 52, p. 115 — Fox Bay, Anticosti Is- land, Quebec. North America from southern Manitoba through northern Ontario and southern Quebec to Newfoundland, southward to southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa and eastward to southern New York, southern Massachusetts; southward in winter to northern Mexico, coasts of Gulf of Mexico, and southern Florida. ~~ Certhia familiaris nigrescens Burleigh Certhia familiaris nigrescens Burleigh, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48, p. 62 — Mt. Mitchell, 6,600 ft., North Carolina. Higher altitudes of southern Appalachian Mountains from southwestern Virginia to Great Smoky Mountains of Ten- nessee, and Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina; southward in winter to Georgia, Mississippi and Louisiana. CERTHIA BRACHYDACTYLA Certhia brachydactyla Brehm Certhia brachydactyla Brehm, 1820, Beitr. Vogelkunde, 1, p. 570 — Roda Valley, Thuringia, Germany. Certhia megarhynchos! Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturg. Vogel Deutschl., p. 211 — “western Germany, especially Westphalia.” Certhia familiaris harterti! Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., A9, p. 189 — “Asia Minor” ; type from Além Dagh, west- ern Bithynia, northern Turkey, fide Sick, 1939, Orn. Monatsb., 47, p. 82. Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae! Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 50 — Mt. Troodos, Cyprus. Certhia brachydactyla mauritanica! Witherby, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 35 — Ain Draham, Tunisia. Certhia brachydactyla ultramontana Hartert, 1905, Vogel pal. Fauna, 1, p. 324 — Panzano, Chianti, Tuscany, Italy. Certhia brachydactyla lusitanica Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn., 65, p. 97 — Portugal [= Oporto, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 542]. Certhia brachydactyla raisulii Bannerman, 1926, Bull. 1 Recognized by Vaurie, 1959, as a valid, though poorly differen- tiated, subspecies. — J. C. G., Jr. CERTHIINAE 157 Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 25— Azrou, Moyen Atlas, Morocco. Certhia brachydactyla spatzi Stresemann, 1926, Orn. Monatsb., 34, p. 15 — Homalo [=Omalos, fide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 542]. Plateau, Crete. Certhia brachydactyla bureaui Jouard, 1929, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54, p. 248 — Lambézellac, Finistére, Brit- tany, France. Certhia brachydactyla parisi Jouard, 1929, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54, p. 249 — Font Romeu, Pyrénées-Orientales, France. Certhia brachydactyla nigricans von Jordans, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 181 — Mosqueruela, Spain. Certhia brachydactyla obscura von Jordans, 1933, Alauda, p. 522 — Lagunilla-Bejar, Salamanca, Spain. Certhia brachydactyla siciliae Schiebel, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 86— northwest of Cesaro, Nebrodi mountains, Sicily. Certhia brachydactyla stresemanni Kummerloéwe and Niethammer, 1934, Journ. f. Orn., 82, p. 546 — Kasta- monu, Paphlagonia, Turkey. Europe, from southern Denmark eastward to about long. 25° BE. in White Russia, southward to mountains of southern Spain, Tunisia and Morocco, Italy and Sicily, Yugoslavia, the Balkans, Greece, Crete, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Caucasus and Taurus Mountains. CERTHIA HIMALAYANA ~~ Certhia himalayana taeniura Severtzov Certhia taeniura Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal . . . Turkest. Zhivotn., 1872, p. 188 — Chimkent, Russian Turkestan. Mountains of southern Transcaspia and in Kara Tau and Tian Shan Mountains; mountains of Uzbekistan and Ta- dzikistan, Bukhara, and northern Afghanistan. — Certhia himalayana himalayana Vigors Certhia Himalayana Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1831, p. 174— Himalayas; restricted to Garh- wal or Kumaon by Meinertzhagen, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 140. Certhia himalayana limes Meinertzhagen, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 141 — Gilgit. 158 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Certhia himalayana cedricola Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 52, p. 65 — Jalalabad, eastern Afghan- istan. Certhia himalayana infima Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 63, p. 106— Tikapur, Kailali District, western Nepal. Eastern Afghanistan, in neighborhood of Jalalabad, east- ward through northern Pakistan (Gilgit), northwestern Punjab, and Himalayas to western Nepal. ——Certhia himalayana yunnanensis Sharpe Certhia yunnanensis Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 11 — Shayang, Chiitung road, northern Yunnan. Western China, from mountains of northern Yunnan, eastward to northern Szechwan and southern Kansu. — Certhia himalayana ripponi Kinnear Certhia himalayana intermedia Kinnear, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 139 — Mt. Kotan, Chin Hills. Not Cer- thia intermedia Miiller, 1776. Certhia himalayana ripponi Kinnear, 1929, Bull. Orn. Club, 49, p. 109. New name for C. h. intermedia Kinnear, preoccupied. Chin Hills of Burma, and perhaps northern Shan States. CERTHIA NIPALENSIS —— Certhia nipalensis Blyth C.[erthia] nipalensis Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben- gal, 14, p. 581 — Nepal. Certhia stoliczkae Brooks, 1874, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 42 (1878), p. 256 — Sikkim. Himalayas, above 6,000 ft., from central Nepal eastward to southeastern Tibet (Pome) and northeastern Burma. CERTHIA DISCOLOR ——Certhia discolor discolor Blyth C.[erthia] discolor Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 580 — Darjeeling. Himalayas from Nepal eastward to the Dafia and Abor Hills, Assam. _—Certhia discolor manipurensis Hume Certhia manipurensis Hume, 1881, Stray Feathers, 10, p. 151 — Manipur. SALPORNITHINAE 159 Certhia victoriae Rippon, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 87 — Mt. Victoria. Eastern Himalayas and Burma, from Naga Hills in Assam and Manipur, southward to Chin Hills and Mt. Victoria. .__—Certhia discolor shanensis Baker Certhia discolor fuliginosa Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 488 — Loi Pang Nan, Mekong [- lat. 21° 20’ N., long. 100° 20’ E., Kengtung, Southern Shan State, Burma, fide Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, p. 184}. Not Certhia fuliginosa Bechstein, 1811. Certhia discolor shanensis Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. In- dia, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 90. New name for C. d. fuliginosa Baker, preoccupied. Northern Burma east to mountains of northern Thailand and the Shan States, and south to Karenni, Tenasserim, and extreme northern Tonkin. —— Certhia discolor laotiana Delacour Certhia discolor laotiana Delacour, 1951, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 21, p. 112— Phukobo, [above] Xieng Khouang, Laos. Known only from hills above Tranninh Plateau, Laos. -——-Certhia discolor meridionalis Robinson and Kloss Certhia discolor meridionalis Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 609 — Langbian Pics, southern Annam. Known only from type locality above Dalat, southern An- nam. SUBFAMILY SALPORNITHINAE! GENUS SALPORNIS GRAY Salpornis G. R. Gray, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 7. Type, by original designation, Certhia spilonota Frank- lin. SALPORNIS SPILONOTUS Salpornis spilonotus emini Hartlaub Salpornis emint Hartlaub, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 415 — Langomeri, Northern Province, Uganda. 1 The relationships of this taxon are obscure. — J. C. G., Jr. 160 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Salpornis maclaudi Oustalet, 1906, in Maclaud, Mamm. Ois. Afr. Occident., p. 141 — Kouyeya, Fouta Djallon, French Guinea. Salpornis riggenbachi Reichenow, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 140— Banjo [=Banso Mountains], northern Cameroons. Salpornis salvadorii occidentalis Clarke, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 94 — Ankpa, northern Nigeria. Irregularly distributed in savannah country from Portu- guese Guinea southward to Ghana, and eastward to Nigeria and northern Cameroons, through Equatorial Africa (south of about lat. 15° N. and north of the Congo forests), to Uele District of the Congo, the upper White Nile in Sudan, and northern Uganda. Salpornis spilonotus erlangeri Neumann Salpornis spilonota (sic) erlangeri Neumann, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 52 — Anderatscha, Kaffa. Salpornis salvador abyssinaica Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Ibis, p. 597 — Limmu, southwestern Abyssinia. Southwestern Ethiopia. ——~= Salpornis spilonotus salvadori (Bocage) Hylypsornis salvadori Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 198 — Caconda, Ben- guella, Angola. Salpornis salvadori rovumae Reichenow and Grote, 19238, Orn. Monatsb., 31, p. 86 — Songea, Tanganyika. Savannahs of eastern, central and western Africa from vicinity of Mt. Elgon in Kenya, southward through Tan- zania (Tanganyika) to Zambezi River in Mozambique, and westward through Malawi (Nyasaland), Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), Katanga, and Angola (except coastal regions). _— Salpornis spilonotus spilonotus Franklin Certhia spilonota Franklin, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830, p. 125 — between Calcutta and Benares. Salpornis spilonotus rajputanae Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 83 — Sambhur, Rajputana. Foothills of Himalayas and plains of India from Delhi, Rajputana (Rajasthan), and e2eteu Bombay, Brena to Bihar, and perhaps Orissa. RHABDORNITHIDAE 161 FAMILY RHABDORNITHIDAE! JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. GENUS RHABDORNIS REICHENBACH Rhabdornis Reichenbach, 1853, Handb. spec. Orn., p. 276. Type, by monotypy, Meliphaga mysticalis Temminck. ef. Rand, 1960, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 35, p. 436. RHABDORNIS MYSTICALIS ~Rhabdornis mysticalis mysticalis (Temminck) Meliphaga mysticalis Temminck, 1825, Pl. Col., pl. 335, fig. 2 — Manila, Luzon. Luzon and Masbate, Philippine Islands. Rhabdornis mysticalis longirostris McGregor Rhabdornis longirostris McGregor, 1911, Philippine Journ. Sci., 6, p. 45 — vicinity of Cadiz, northern Negros. Negros and Panay, Philippine Islands. Rhabdornis mysticalis minor Ogilvie-Grant Rhabdornis minor Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 6, p. 17 — Samar. Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Mindanao (at lower alti- tudes), Philippine Islands. RHABDORNIS INORNATUS Rhabdornis inornatus grandis Salomonsen Rhabdornis longirostris Salomonsen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk. Naturhist. For., 114, p. 356 — Kainay, Abra Prov., Luzon, Philippine Islands. Not R. longirostris McGregor, 1911. Rhabdornis grandis Salomonsen, 1953, Dansk. Orn. For. Tidssk., 47, p. 1389. New name for Rhabdornis longiros- tris Salomonsen, preoccupied. Known only from the type locality. Rhabdornis inornatus inornatus Ogilvie-Grant Rhabdornis inornatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 6, p. 18 — Samar. Samar, Philippine Islands. 1 The relationships of this taxon are obscure. —J. C. G., Jr. 162 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~ Rhabdornis inornatus rabori Rand Rhabdornis inornatus rabori Rand, 1950, Nat. Hist. Misc. [Chicago], no. 59, p. 2 — Lake Balinsasayo, Negros. Negros, Philippine Islands. Rhabdornis inornatus alaris Rand Rhabdornis inornatus alaris Rand, 1948, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 31, p. 204 — east slope Mt. McKinley, 3,000 ft., Mindanao. Mindanao (at higher altitudes), excepting Zamboanga Peninsula, Culion and probably Caliamanes Islands, Philip- pine Islands. Rhabdornis inornatus zamboanga Rand and Rabor Rhabdornis inornatus zamboanga Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 16— Masawan, 3,500-4,500 ft., Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao. Known only from Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. FAMILY CLIMACTERIDAE JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. GENUS CLIMACTERIS TEMMINCK Climacteris Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., éd. 2, 1, p. 85. Type, by subsequent designation, Climacteris picumnus Temminck and Laugier (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 18). Whitlocka Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Climacteris melanura Gould. Neoclima Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Climacteris picumnus Temminck and Laugier. Cormobates Mathews, 1922, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 6. Type, by original designation, Certhia leucophaea Latham. cf. Keast, 1957, Australian Journ. Zool., 5, pp. 474-495. CLIMACTERIDAE 163 ——, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 123, pp. 312-815. CLIMACTERIS ERYTHROPS2 ~~ Climacteris erythrops erythrops Gould Clhimacteris erythrops Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1840, p. 148 — New South Wales. Mountain forests of coast of eastern Australia from Bunya Mountains, New South Wales, to southern Victoria. Climacteris erythrops olinda Mathews Climacteris erythrops olinda Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 91 — Olinda, Victoria. Mountain forests of extreme southern coastal Victoria, west to vicinity of Melbourne, Australia. CLIMACTERIS AFFINIS - Climacteris affinis Blyth Climacteris affinis Blyth, 1864, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 32 (1863), p. 453—no type locality; restricted to Broken Hill, New South Wales by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 695. Climacteris superciliosa North, 1895, Ibis, p. 341 — Ilara Creek, central Australia. Climacteris erythrops parsoni Mellor, 1919, South Aus- tralian Orn., 4, p. 5 — Pungonda, South Australia. Climacteris erythrops neositta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 388 — Callilon, mid-Western Australia. Dry regions of Australia from vicinity of Shark Bay, Western Australia, southward to about lat. 31° S. (Southern Cross and Kalgoorlie) and eastward to southwestern Queens- land and north-central New South Wales (Collarenbri, lat. 29° 33’S., long. 148° 35’ E.), South Australia, western and northwestern Victoria. CLIMACTERIS PICUMNUS? ~—~ Climacteris picumnus picumnus Temminck and Laugier Climacteris picumnus Temminck and Laugier, 1824, PI. Col., livr. 47, p. 281 — South Queensland. 1 See, also, Macdonald, 1966, Emu, 66, pp. 113-115, which appeared while this volume was in press. — Ed. 2 C. erythrops and C. affinis comprise a superspecies. — J. C. G., Jr. 3 C. picumnus, C. rufa, and C. melanura comprise a superspecies. — J.-C. G.,, Jr: 164 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Climacteris picumnus victoriae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 882 — Parwan, Victoria. Clhimacteris picumnus australis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 382 — Murray Flats, South Australia. Climacteris picumnus waitei White, 1917, Emu, 16, p. 168 — Innamincka, central Australia. Southern and eastern Australia, from vicinity of Adelaide, about long. 138° E., northward through eastern South Aus- tralia to Warburton and Cooper Rivers, east of Lake Eyre and eastward to coasts of Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, north at least to Rockhampton (lat. 23° 24’ S.) ; northern limit unknown. Climacteris picumnus melanota Gould Climacteris melanota Gould, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 106 — River Lynd [= Nasseau River], Gulf of Carpenteria, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 6938. Climacteris melanota barront Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 181 — Cairns, Queensland. Northeastern Australia from Cape York Peninsula south to about lat. 19° S. (upper Flinders River and Cardwell), where sympatric with melanura. CLIMACTERIS RUFA Climacteris rufa Gould Climacteris rufa Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 149 — Western Australia. Climacteris rufa obscura Carter, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 16 — Warren River, southwestern Australia. Climacteris rufa orientalis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 8382 — Gawler Ranges, South Australia. Western Australia from region of Shark’s Bay southeast- ward (south of mulga-eucalypt line) to Nullarbor Plain, and apparently isolated in region of Gawler Ranges in South Australia. CLIMACTERIS MELANURA Climacteris melanura melanura Gould Climacteris melanura Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1842, p. 188 — northwest coast [= Derby, north- western Australia, fide Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Austral., 2, p. 693]. CLIMACTERIDAE 165 Climacteris melanura alexandrae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 881 — Alexandra, Northern Territory. Northern Australia from borders of Great Sandy Desert and Fitzroy River, northward and eastward through woods and savannahs of Northern Territory, to western Queensland (Lynd River, Einasleigh, lat. 18° 30’ S., long. 144° 4’ E.), where sympatric with melanota. Climacteris melanura wellsi Ogilvie-Grant Climacteris wellsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Ibis. p. 664 — Clifton Downs, mid-Western Australia. Whitlocka wellsi striata Mathews, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 15 — Shaw River, mid-Western Australia. Western Australia from region of Gascoyne River (lat. 25° S.), northward to De Grey River (lat. 20° S.) and borders of Great Sandy Desert, eastward to headwaters of the rivers. CLIMACTERIS LEUCOPHAEA Climacteris leucophaea grisescens Mathews Climacteris leucophaea grisescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 383 — Mount Lofty, South Australia. Mount Lofty ranges, southern South Australia. ~—~ Climacteris leucophaea leucophaea (Latham) Certhia leucophaea Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 36 — Sydney, New South Wales. Pterodroma bailloni Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 26, p. 107 — Sydney. Climacteris scandens Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., 3, pl. 281, fig. 2 — Sydney. Climacteris auricomis Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 319 — Australia. Climacteris pyrrhonota Gould, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1867, p. 976 — Springfield, New South Wales. Coastal and inland river valley forests of eastern Aus- tralia from extreme South Australia, through Victoria and New South Wales, north in Queensland to arid country at about lat. 20° S. Climacteris leucophaea minor Ramsay Climacteris leucophaea minor Ramsay, 1891, Tabular List Australian Birds, ed. 2, add., p. 2 — Bartle Friere, Queensland. 166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Climacteris weiskei Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 187 — Cape York, Queensland. Cormobates minor northi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 36 — Barron River, northern Queensland. Northeastern Australia in rain forests near Cairns and Atherton, northern Queensland. ~ Climacteris leucophaea meridionalis Hartert Climacteris placeus meridionalis Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 27— Owgarra, Angabunga River, British New Guinea. Climacteris placeus stevensi Greenway, 1934, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 14, p. 2— Mt. Misim, Morobe Dis- trict. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea to Herzog Range eastward. Climacteris leucophaea inexpectata Rand Climacteris placeus inexpectata Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 11 — 9 km. north of Lake Habbema, at 2,800 m. Northern slopes of Oranje Mountains, New Guinea. Climacteris leucophaea steini Mayr Climacteris placeus steint Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869, p. 5 — Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. Weyland Mountains, 1,500-2,300 m., New Guinea. Climacteris leucophaea placens Sclater Climacteris placens Sclater, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 693 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains. Arfak and Tamrau Mountains of Vogelkop, northwestern New Guinea. FAMILY DICAEIDAE! FINN SALOMONSEN cf. McGregor, 1910, Philippine Birds, pt. 2, pp. 622-641. Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, 5, Dp. 388-393 (peninsular Thailand). La Touche, 1925-1930, Birds Eastern China, 1, pp. 465- 468. 1 MS read by A. Keast and G. F.. Mees. DICAEIDAE 167 Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, pp. 420- 440, Rensch, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 614-618 (Lesser Sunda Islands). Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, pp. 267-270 (Malaysia). Riley, 1938, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 172, pp. 513-522 (Thailand). Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 212-216. Mayr, in Delacour and Mayr, 1945, Zoologica [New York], 30, pp. 114-115 (Philippines). Mayr, in Delacour and Mayr, 1946, Birds Philippines, pp. 221-227. Mayr and Amadon, 1947, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1360, pp. 1-32 (review of family). Delacour, 1947, Birds Malaysia, pp. 301-307. Gibson-Hill, 1949, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 20, pp. 242-245 (Malay States). Smythies, 1953, Birds Burma, pp. 277-281. GENUS MELANOCHARIS ScLATER Melanocharis Sclater, 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, Zool., 2, p. 157. Type, by monotypy, Dicaeuwm niger Lesson. Pristorhamphus Finsch, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 641. Type, by monotypy, Pristorhamphus ver- stert Finsch. Urocharis Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 69. Type, by monotypy, Melanocharis longicauda Salvadori. Neneba De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 384. Type, by monotypy, Neneba prasina De Vis. Sarganura De Vis, 1898, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1896-1897, app. AA, p. 87. Type, by monotypy, Sar- ganura maculiceps De Vis. cf. Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 668-670. Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1990, pp. 3-17 (genus). MELANOCHARIS ARFAKIANA Melanocharis arfakiana (Finsch) Dicaeum arfakianum Finsch, 1900, Notes Leyden Mus., 22, p. 70 — Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. 168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Known only from two specimens, one from Moris, Arfak Mountains, the other from Matsika, southeastern New Guinea. MELANOCHARIS NIGRA Melanocharis nigra pallida Stresemann and Paludan Melanocharis nigra pallida Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 151 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu Island. —— Melanocharis nigra nigra (Lesson) Dicaeum niger Lesson, 1830, Voy. Cocquille, Zool., 1 (1826), p. 673 — Dorey, western New Guinea. Misol and Salawati in western Papuan Islands; western New Guinea east to Triton Bay and head of Geelvink Bay (Wanggar). _— Melanocharis nigra chloroptera Salvadori Melanocharis chloroptera Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 987 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands, and southern New Guinea from Mimika River to Fly River. _— Melanocharis nigra unicolor Salvadori Melanocharis unicolor Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 333 — Jobi [= Japen] Island. Melanocharis bicolor Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, p. 277— Goldie River, southeastern New Guinea. Japen and Meos Num Islands in Geelvink Bay; northern and eastern New Guinea, west on south coast to Angabunga River (Hall Sound), and on north coast to Mamberano River. MELANOCHARIS LONGICAUDA Melanocharis longicauda longicauda Salvadori Melanocharis longicauda Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 942 — Arfak Mountains. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula (Tamrau, Arfak), and Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. Melanocharis longicauda chloris Stresemann and Paludan Melanocharis longicauda chloris Stresemann and Paludan, DICAEIDAE 169 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 45 — Mt. Kunupi, 1,200 m., Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea. Weyland Mountains and southern slopes of Oranje Moun- tains, New Guinea. Melanocharis longicauda umbrosa Rand Melanocharis longicauda umbrosa Rand, 1941, ones Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 15 — Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, northwestern New Guinea. Slopes above Idenburg River, 1,200 m., northwestern New Guinea. ~~ Melanocharis longicauda orientalis Mayr Melanocharis longicauda orientalis Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 669 — Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. ——Melanocharis longicauda captata Mayr Melanocharis longicauda captata Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 669 — Junzaing, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula; Herzog Moun- tains and Central Highlands, New Guinea. MELANOCHARIS VERSTERI —— Melanocharis versteri versteri (Finsch) Pristorhamphus versteri Finsch, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 642 — Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. — Melanocharis versteri meeki (Rothschild and Hartert) Pristorhamphus versteri meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 836 — Mt. Goliath, 5,000 ft., central Dutch New Guinea. Weyland, Nassau, Oranje and Hindenburg Mountains, New Guinea. ——Melanocharis versteri virago (Stresemann) Pristorhamphus verstert virago Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, Abt. A, Heft 7, p. 68 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, New Guinea. Cyclops Mountains, Sepik Mountains, Victor Emanuel Mountains, Central Highlands and mountains of Huon Pen- 170 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD insula, New Guinea; Cyclops Mountains population inter- mediate between meeki and virago. —— Melanocharis versteri maculiceps (De Vis) Sarganura maculiceps De Vis, 1898, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1896-1897, app. AA, p. 87 — Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea. Pristorhamphus versteri albescens Rothschild and Har- tert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 36 — Kotoi Dis- trict, southeastern New Guinea. Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea. MELANOCHARIS STRIATIVENTRIS Melanocharis striativentris axillaris (Mayr) Neneba striativentris axillaris Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 670 —Snow Mountains [= Utakwa River], New Guinea. Weyland Mountains and southern slopes of Snow Moun- tains (Nassau and Oranje Ranges), New Guinea. —— Melanocharis striativentris striativentris Salvadori Melanocharis striativentris Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, 14, p. 150 — Moroka, Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Central Highlands (Nondug!l, Wahgi region) and southern slopes of mountains in southeastern peninsula, New Guinea. _— Melanocharis striativentris prasina (De Vis) Neneba prasina De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 384 — Neneba, 4,000 ft., northern slope of Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea. Melanocharis striativentris albicauda Mayr and Gilliard, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1577, p. 6 — Bihagi, head of Mambare River, Owen Stanley Mountains, south- eastern New Guinea. Northern slopes of mountains in southeastern peninsula, New Guinea; Herzog Mountains (subsp. ?). ~——Melanocharis striativentris chrysocome (Mayr) Neneba striativentris chrysocome Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 670 — Junzaing, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. DICAEIDAE 171 GENUS RHAMPHOCHARIS SALVADORI Rhamphocharis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 948. Type, by monotypy, Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvadori. Eafa Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 448. Type, by monotypy, Eafa maculata Rothschild and Hartert. cf. Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1990, pp. 17- 18. RHAMPHOCHARIS CRASSIROSTRIS Rhamphocharis crassirostris crassirostris Salvadori Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 9483 — Hatam, Arfak Moun- tains, northwestern New Guinea. Rhamphocharis crassirostris interposita Mees, 1964, Zool. Verhandel., no. 66, p. 20 — Antares, Star Mountains, central New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula (Tamrau, Arfak), western New Guinea, and central mountain ranges, where known from Oranje Mountains (Mt. Goliath, Treubbivak), Star Mountains, and Hindenburg Mountains. ——Rhamphocharis crassirostris piperata (De Vis) Ptilotis piperata De Vis, 1898, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1896-1897, app. AA, p. 86—Suku, Vanapa Valley, southeastern New Guinea. Eafa maculata Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 448, pl. 14, fig. 1 — Eafa District, Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, on north coast west to Mambare River and in southern part west to Central Highlands (Kubor Mountains). _——Rhamphocharis crassirostris viridescens Mayr Rhamphocharis crassirostris viridescens Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 715 — Dawong, Herzog Moun- tains, New Guinea. Herzog Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. GENUS PRIONOCHILUS STRICKLAND Prionochilus Strickland, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 9, p. 29. Type, by subsequent designation, Pardalotus per- 172 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD cussus Temminck and Laugier (G. R. Gray, 1841, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 46). Not preoccupied by Priono- cheilus Chevrolat, 1837, Coleoptera. Anaimos Reichenbach, 18538, Handb. spec. Orn. Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, Tenuirostres, continuatio no. XI, p. 245. Type, by monotypy, Pardalotus thora- cicus Temminck and Laugier. Charitociris Oberholser, 1923, Ohio Journ. Sci., 23, p. 289. Type, by original designation, Pardalotus percussus Temminck and Laugier. ef. Mayr, 1938, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, pp. 42-43 (races of maculatus). Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1990, pp. 18- 27 (genus). PRIONOCHILUS OLIVACEUS Prionochilus olivaceus parsoni McGregor Prionochilus parsonsi McGregor, 1927, Philippine Journ. Sci., 32, p. 520 — Malinao, Tayabas [= Quezon] Prov- ince, Luzon. Sierra Madre, northeastern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Prionochilus olivaceus olivaceus Tweeddale Prionochilus olivaceus Tweeddale, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 536 — Dinagat, Philippine Islands. Prionochilus Samarensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mam- mals Steere Exped., p. 22— Samar and Leyte; re- stricted here to Samar, Philippine Islands. Basilan, Mindanao, Dinagat, Samar, Leyte, and Bohol, Philippine Islands; populations of Samar and Leyte pos- sibly separable. PRIONOCHILUS MACULATUS Prionochilus maculatus septentrionalis Robinson and Kloss Prionochilus maculatus septentrionalis Robinson and Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, pt. 3, p. 206 — Tasan, Chumporn [= Chumphon], peninsular Thailand. Southern Tenasserim (north to Mergui), Burma, and from Pakchan estuary and Chumphon south to Pattani and Nara- thiwat (Bangnara), peninsular Thailand. DICAEIDAE 173 Prionochilus maculatus oblitus (Mayr) Anaimos maculatus oblitus Mayr, 1938, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, p. 42 -— Semangko Pass, 2,500-4,500 ft., Se- langor-Pahang border, Malay States. Malay States. —— Prioncchilus maculatus maculatus (Temminck and Laugier) Pardalotus maculatus Temminck and Laugier,! 1836, PI. Col., livr. 101, pl. 600, fig. 3 — Borneo. Anaimos maculatus opistatus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 22 — Nias Island. Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo, and Nias Island off western Sumatra. Prionochilus maculatus natunensis (Chasen) Charitociris maculata natunensis Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 9, p. 95— Bunguran Island, Great Natuna Islands. Great Natuna Islands. PRIONOCHILUS PERCUSSUS — Prionochilus percussus ignicapilla (Eyton) Dicaeum ignicapilla Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 7, p. 105 — Malaya. Malay Peninsula north to Chumphon, peninsular Thailand, and to Pakchan estuary (Bankasoon) in southern Tenas- serim, Burma; Riouw Archipelago, Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Borneo, and Great Natuna Islands. Prionochilus percussus regulus (De Schauensee) Anaimos percussus regulus De Schauensee, 1940, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 92, p. 39 — Tana Massa Island, Batu Islands, off western Sumatra. Tanahmasa Island, Batu Islands, off western Sumatra. Prionochilus percussus percussus (Temminck and Laugier) Pardalotus percussus Temminck and Laugier,! 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 66, pl. 394, fig. 2 — Java. Java. 1 It is customary to credit the nomenclature of this work solely to Temminck. Vide Zimmer, 1926, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 16, p. 628, — Ed. 174 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD PRIONOCHILUS PLATENI ~—~Prionochilus plateni plateni Blasius Prionochilus Plateni Blasius, 1888 (Feb.), Braunschwei- gische Anzeigen, no. 37, p. 835 — Palawan; also de- scribed by Blasius, 1888, Ornis, 4, p. 313 (vide Blasius, 1888, Ibis, p. 372). Prionochilus johannae Sharpe, 1888 (April), Ibis, p. 201, pl. 4, fig. 1 — Palawan. Balabac and Palawan, Philippine Islands. Prionochilus plateni culionensis (Rand) Anaimos plateni culionensis Rand, 1948, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 31, p. 205—San Pedro, Culion Island, Calamianes group. Culion Island, Calamianes group, Philippine Islands. PRIONOCHILUS XANTHOPYGIUS —— Prionochilus xanthopygius Salvadori Prionochilus xanthopygius Salvadori, 1868, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 3, p. 416 — Sarawak, Borneo. Borneo and Great Natuna Island. PRIONOCHILUS THORACICUS —~—Prionochilus thoracicus (Temminck and Laugier) Pardalotus thoracicus Temminck and Laugier, 1836, PI. Col., livr. 101, pl. 600, figs. 1-2 — Borneo. Malay States, north to Perak and Kedah; Billiton and Borneo; recorded once (1879) from southern Cochin China. GENUS DICAEUM CUVIER Dicaeum Cuvier, 1817, Régne Animal., 1, p. 410. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 18), Certhia erythronotum Gmelin = Cer- thia erythronotos Latham = Certhia cruentata Linnaeus. Myzanthe Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 9838. Type, by original designation, Dicaeum hirundinaceum = Motacilla hirundinacea Shaw and Nodder. Pachyglossa Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 1009. Type, by original designation, Pachyglossa melanoxantha Blyth. DICAEIDAE 175 Piprisoma Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 394. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla agilis Tickell. Microchelidon Reichenbach, 1853, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, Tenuirostres, continuatio no. XI, p. 245. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 138), Sylvia hirundinacea = Motacilla hirundinacea Shaw and Nod- der. Acmonorhynchus Oates, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 881. Type, by monotypy, Prionochilus vincens Sclater. Cryptociris Oberholser, 1923, Ohio Journ. Sci., 23, p. 291. Type, by original designation, Pardalotus obsoletus S. Miiller. Chromatociris Oberholser, 19238, Ohio Journ. Sci., 23, p. 291. Type, by original designation, Prionochilus quadricolor Tweeddale. Chilociris Oberholser, 1923, Ohio Journ. Sci., 23, p. 2938. Type, by original designation, Prionochilus aeruginosus Bourns and Worcester. Polisornis McGregor, 1927, Philippine Journ. Sci., 32, p. 525. Type, by original designation, Prionochilus anthonyi McGregor. Bournsia McGregor, 1927, Philippine Journ. Sci., 32, p. 525. Type, by original designation, Prionochilus aeruginosus Bourns and Worcester. ef. Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, pp. 55-57 (Philippine subspecies of trigonostigma) . Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, pp. 248-244 (cruen- tatum). Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, pp. 118- 120 (Malaysian subspecies of trigonostigma). Whistler and Kinnear, 1934, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 37, pp. 284-286 (Indian species). Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 50-54 (Celebes species). Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, pp. 14-15 (geelvinkianum). Keast, 1958, Emu, 58, pp. 195-206 (hirundinaceum). Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, pp. 1-38 (primitive species). 176 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD , 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, pp. 1-36 (con- color; erythrothorax). , 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2057, pp. 1-35 (igni- ferum and allies). DICAEUM ANNAE Dicaeum annae sumbavense (Rensch) Acmonorhynchus annae sumbavense Rensch, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 617 — Sumbawa. Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands. —~ Dicaeum annae annae (Biittikofer) Acmonorhynchus annae Biittikofer, 1894, in Weber, Reise Nieder]. Ost-Ind., 3, p. 301, pl. 18, fig. 4 — Flores. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. DICAEUM AGILE}! _— Dicaeum agile agile (Tickell) Fringilla Agilis Tickell, 1833, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 2, p. 578 — Borabhtm and Dolbhtm, Bengal. Piprisoma agile saturatior Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 52, p. 77 — Londa, Bombay Presidency. India and Pakistan, north to foothills of Himalayas, 1,000- 1,500 m., west to line from about Kangra, Punjab, to Ahmadabad, Bombay, east to line from Darjeeling to Mid- napore, Bengal. Dicaeum agile zeylonicum (Whistler) Piprisoma agile zeylonicum Whistler, 1944, Spolia Zey- lanica, 23, p. 201 — Ceylon. Ceylon. —— Dicaeum agile modestum (Hume) Prionochilus modestus Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 298 — southern Tenasserim; restricted to Mergui by Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, p. 8 (fide Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, Deroy) Piprisoma modesta pallescens Riley, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48, p. 148 — Pak Chong, eastern Thailand. Dicaeum agile deignani Ripley, 1952, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 50, p. 510 — Kohima, Assam. 1 Replaces Piprisoma squalidum (Burton), 1836, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 32.—F. S. DICAEIDAE 177 Dicaeum agile separabile Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, p. 211 — Dalat, Haut-Donai, Annam. Assam, west to Sylhet in East Pakistan; southern central Burma, Pegu, Southern Shan States, Tenasserim south to about lat. 12° 30’ N.; Thailand, south to Bangkok; central and southern Annam and Cochin China. Dicaeum agile remotum (Robinson and Kloss) Piprisoma modestum remotum Robinson and Kloss, 1915, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 6, p. 29 — Negri Sem- bilan, Malay States. Southern Tenasserim (Pakchan estuary), Burma, penin- sular Thailand north to Chumphon, and Malay States. Dicaeum agile atjehense Delacour Piprisoma modestum sumatranum Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17, p. 188 — Pendeng, Atjeh, northern Sumatra. Not Dicaeum sumatranum Cabanis, 1878. Dicaeum agile atjehense Delacour, 1946, Zoologica [New York], 31, p. 4. New name for Piprisoma modestum sumatranum Chasen, preoccupied. Known only from type locality. Dicaeum agile finschi Bartels Dicaeum finschi Bartels, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 125 — Wynkoops [= Wijnkoops] Bay, western Java. Sukabumi District, western Java. ——Dicaeum agile tinctum (Mayr) Piprisoma obsoletum tinctum Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 167 — Waingapu, Sumba. Sumba, Flores and Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Dicaeum agile obsoletum (Miiller) Pardalotus obsoletus S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Tem- minck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 174 — Oikabiti, western Timor. Timor. DICAEUM EVERETTI! ——Dicaeum everetti everetti (Sharpe) Prionochilus everetti Sharpe, 1877, Ibis, p. 16 — Bintulu, western Borneo. Borneo, and Labuan Island. 1 D. everetti and D. aeruginosum form a superspecies. — F. 8. 178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Dicaeum everetti bungurense (Chasen) Piprisoma agile bungurense Chasen, 1934, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 9, p. 96 — Bunguran Island, Great Natuna Islands. Great Natuna Islands. Dicaeum everetti sordidum (Robinson and Kloss) Piprisoma sordidum Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 7, p. 239 — Rawang, central Selangor, Malay States. Malay States (Selangor) and Riouw Archipelago (Bintan Island). DICAEUM AERUGINOSUM Dicaeum aeruginosum affine (Zimmer) Acmonorhynchus affinis Zimmer, 1918, Philippine Journ. Sci., 13 (sec. D), p. 348 — Brooke’s Point, Palawan. Piprisoma diversum Riley, 1936, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, 49, p. 118 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Palawan, Philippine Islands. ? Dicaeum aeruginosum striatissimum Parkes Dicaeum aeruginosum striatissimum Parkes, 1962, Pos- tilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 4—Solsona, Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon, Philippines. Luzon and Sibuyan, Philippine Islands; populations of Lubang and Romblon probably belong to this form, which, however, is doubtfully distinct from nominate aeruginosum. — Dicaeum aeruginosum aeruginosum (Bourns and Worcester ) Prionochilus aeruginosus Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occas. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, no. 1, p. 20 — Cebu and Mindanao; restricted to Cebu by Salomon- sen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, p. 15. Mindoro, Negros, Cebu and Mindanao, Philippine Islands; population of Mindoro intermediate between this and stria- tissimum. DICAEUM PROPRIUM Dicaeum proprium Ripley and Rabor Dicaeum proprium Ripley and Rabor, 1966, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 79, p. 305 — Mt. Mayo, Limot, Mati, Davao Province, Mindanao. Known only from Mt. Mayo, Davao Province, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. DICAEIDAE 179 DICAEUM CHRYSORRHEUM ——Dicaeum chrysorrheum chrysochlore Blyth Dicaeum chrysochlore Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 1009 — Arakan, Burma. Dicaeum chrysorrheum intensum Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 108 — Sikkim. Sikkim, Bhutan, eastern Assam (Naga Hills, Manipur, Lushai Hills, Tippera), southeastern East Pakistan (Chit- tagong), Burma, Indochina, southeastern Yunnan (Hokow, Tachouang), peninsular Thailand south to about lat. 10° N. —Dicaeum chrysorrheum chrysorrheum Temminck and Lau- gier Dicaeum chrysorrheum Temminck and Laugier, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 80, pl. 478, fig. 1 — Java. Peninsular Thailand, north to about lat. 10° N. where grades into chrysochlore; Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. DICAEUM MELANOXANTHUM —Dicaeum melanoxanthum (Blyth) Pachyglossa melanozantha Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 1010 — Nepal. Himalayas, 1,500 to 3,600 m., from Nepal and Sikkim east to northeastern Assam, northern Yunnan (south to Tengchung [Tengyueh]), and southeastern Sikang; also Southern Shan States, between 1,600 and 2,400 m. Migra- tory; recorded as winter visitor in southeastern Yunnan, northern Tonkin, and northern Thailand, and may possibly breed there. DICAEUM VINCENS —Dicaeum vincens (Sclater) Prionochilus vincens P. L. Sclater, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 730 — Ceylon. Ceylon. 1 The spelling melanozantha is unintentional, since everywhere else in the paper Blyth uses the spelling “-xantha” where this vocable enters a new species name (such as Rhipidura hypoxantha). Further- more, Blyth subsequently used the spelling Pachyglossa melanoxantha, e.g., in 1849, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., p. 339. —F. 8. 180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD DICAEUM AUREOLIMBATUM ~—— Dicaeum aureolimbatum aureolimbatum (Wallace) Prionochilus aureolimbatus Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 477, pl. 29, fig. 1 — mountains of Minahassa, northern Celebes. Celebes, and islands of Muna and Buton. Dicaeum aureolimbatum laterale Salomonsen Prionochilus sanghirensis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 59 — Great Sanghir Island. Not Dicaeum sanghirense Salvadori, 1876. Dicaeum aureolimbatum laterale Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1991, p. 19. New name for Prionochilus sanghirensis Salvadori, preoccupied. Great Sangihe Island. DICAEUM NIGRILORE —— Dicaeum nigrilore nigrilore Hartert Dicaeum nigrilore Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 8— Mt. Apo, 3,000 ft., Mindanao. Dicaeum isag Hachisuka, 1941, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 11, no. 1, p. 1 — Galog, Mt. Apo, Mindanao. Mt. Apo and Mt. McKinley (Davao Province), Mt. Katan- glad (Bukidnon Province) and Mt. Malindang (Misamis Occidental Province), western and southern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum nigrilore diuatae Salomonsen Dicaeum nigrilore diuatae Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 274 — Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Mindanao. Diuata Mountains, northeastern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM ANTHONYI Dicaeum anthonyi anthonyi (McGregor) Prionochilus anthonyi McGregor, 1914, Philippine Journ. Sci., 9, p. 531 — Polis Mountain, 2,000 m., Ifugao, Luzon. Mt. Polis, Ifugao, and Mt. Tabuan, Cagayan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum anthonyi masawan Rand and Rabor Dicaeum anthonyi masawan Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldi- DICAEIDAE 181 ana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 16 — Masawan, 3,500-4,500 ft., Mt. Malindang, Mindanao. Mt. Malindang, northwestern Mindanao, Philippine Is- lands. Dicaeum anthonyi kampalili Manuel and Gilliard Dicaeum rubricapilla Manuel and Gilliard, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1545, p. 5—-Mt. Kampalili, Davao Province, Mindanao. Not Dicaeum rubricapilla Lesson, 1830 = Certhia erythronotos Latham. Dicaeum kampaliii Manuel and Gilliard, 1953, Auk, 70, p. 90. New name for Dicaeum rubricapilla Manuel and Gilliard, preoccupied. Mountains of Davao and Bukidnon provinces, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM BICOLOR! Dicaeum bicolor inexpectatum (Hartert) Prionochilus inexpectatus Hartert, 1895, Novit. Zool., 2, p. 64 — Luzon. Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Negros, Bohol, Leyte and Samar, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum bicolor bicolor (Bourns and Worcester) Prionochilus bicolor Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 20 — Ayala, near Zamboanga, Mindanao. Mindanao, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM QUADRICOLOR Dicaeum quadricolor (Tweeddale) Prionochilus quadricolor Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 762, pl. 77, fig. 2 — Cebu. Cebu, Philippine Islands. Extinct; last record in 1906. DICAEUM AUSTRALE?:3 —— Dicaeum australe australe (Hermann) Pipra australis Hermann, 1783, Tab. Aff. Anim., p. 223; based on “Le Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinée” Buffon, 1 D. bicolor and D. quadricolor form a superspecies. — F. S. 2 Replaces Dicaeum rubriventer Lesson, 1831, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 25. —F. S. 3 D. australe and D. retrocinctum form a superspecies. — F. S. 182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD 1778, Hist. Nat. Oiseaux, quarto ed., 4, p. 431; figured in Planches Enluminées de Daubenton, 8, pl. 707, fig. 2 — New Guinea [= Philippine Islands] ; restricted here to Luzon. Pipra papuensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1004; based on same description and figure as Pipra australis Hermann — New Guinea [= Philippine Islands]. Dicaeum flaviventer Meyer, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 91 — Cebu. Camiguin North, Luzon, Lubang, Verde, Marinduque, Ticao, Masbate, Cebu, Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Min- danao, and Basilan, Philippine Islands. ~- Dicaeum australe haematostictum Sharpe Dicaeum haematostictum Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 298 — Guimaras, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum haematostictum whiteheadi Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 55 — Mt. Canloan, Negros. Panay, Guimaras, and Negros, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM RETROCINCTUM ~~ Dicaeum retrocinctum Gould Dicaeum retrocinctum Gould, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 114— Manila (male) and Mindanao (fe- male) ; [error = Mindoro]. Mindoro, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM TRIGONOSTIGMA -Dicaeum trigonostigma rubropygium Baker! Dicaeum trigonostigma rubropygium Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 108 — Mergui, Tenasserim. Assam (Lakhimpur), southern Burma (Arakan, Pegu, Karen Hills, Karenni), Tenasserim and peninsular Thailand, south to Bandon and Nakon Sritamarat on east coast, and to Ghirbi and Phuket (Junkseylon) on west coast. -Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma (Scopoli) Certhia trigonostigma Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna. Insubr., fasc. 2, p. 91; based on ‘‘Le grimpereau sifleur 1 The subspecies rubropygium, trigonostigma, megastoma, flavi- clunis, and dayakanum form the “trigonostigma group.” —F. S. DICAEIDAE 183 de la Chine” Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 210, pl. 117, fig. 2 — China [= Malaya] ; restricted to Malacea by Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, no. 3, p. 888; further restricted to port of Malacca by Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 119. Dicaeum croceovenire Anon. [= Vigors and Horsfield], 1830, in S. Raffles, Mem. Life Publ. Serv. Sir T. S. Raffles, p. 673 — Sumatra. Dicaeum trigonostigma lyprum Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21— Nias Island, off western Sumatra. Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21 — Simalur Island, off western Sumatra. Dicaeum trigonostigma melanthe Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21— Lasia Island, off western Sumatra. Dicaeum trigonostigma hypochloum Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 98, p. 67 — Siantan Island, Anam- bas Islands. Dicaeum trigonostigmum pagense Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 520 — South Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, off western Sumatra. Dicaeum trigonostigma tanamassae de Schauensee and Ripley, 1939, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 411 — Tana Massa Island, Batu Islands, off western Sumatra. Southern part of peninsular Thailand, north to Trang, where grading into rubropygium; Malay States, Tioman Island, Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Riouw and Lingga Archi- pelagos, Anambas and Karimata Islands; Simeulue (Sima- lur), Lasia, Nias, Batu Islands (Pini, Tanahmasa), and Mentawai Islands (Siberut, Sipora, North Pagi, South Pagi), off western Sumatra; recorded once (1879) from southern Cochin China. Dicaeum trigonostigma megastoma Hartert Dicaeum trigonostigma megastoma Hartert, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 74 — Bunguran Island, Great Natuna Islands. Great Natuna Islands. 184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Dicaeum trigonostigma flaviclunis Hartert Dicaeum trigonostigma flaviclunis Hartert, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 75 — Karangbolong, southern Java. Java, Bali, and Krakatau. —Dicaeum trigonostigma dayakanum Chasen and Kloss Dicaeum trigonostigma dayakana Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., Erginzungsband (Festschrift Hartert), 2, p. 121 — Bettotan, near Sandakan, North Borneo. Borneo and North Bornean islands (Balembangan, Banggi). —Dicaeum trigonostigma sibutuense Sharpe! Dicaeum sibutuense Sharpe, 18938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 10—Sibutu Island. Also published in 1894, Ibis, p. 122. Sibutu Island, in Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum trigonostigma assimile Bourns and Worcester Dicaeum assimilis Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 19 — ‘‘Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi (?)”. Dicaeum dorsale hanadori Hachisuka, 1941, Tori, 11, nos. 51-52, p. 87 — Siasi Island, Sulu Archipelago. Tawi Tawi, Siasi and Jolo, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands. ~——. Dicaeum trigonostigma cinereigulare Tweeddale Dicaeum cinereigulare Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 829— Butuan, Agusan Province, north- eastern Mindanao. Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, and Bohol, Philippine Islands. ~—~Dicaeum trigonostigma besti Steere Dicaeum besti Steere, 1890, List Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 22 — Siquijor. Siquijor, Philippine Islands. ~ Dicaeum trigonostigma dorsale Sharpe Dicaeum dorsale Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 298 — Pala- 1 The subspecies sibutuense, assimile, cinereigulare, besti, dorsale, pallidius, intermedium, sibuyanicum, and xanthopygium form the “dorsale group.” — F. 8. DICAEIDAE 185 wan [=Panay, fide Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., 1, p. 340]. Panay, Negros, and Masbate, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum trigonostigma pallidius Bourns and Worcester Dicaeum pallidior Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Pap- ers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 18 — Cebu. Cebu, Philippine Islands. Extinct; last record 1906. Dicaeum trigonostigma intermedium Bourns and Worcester Dicaeum intermedia Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 19 — Romblon, Tablas. Romblon and Tablas, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum trigonostigma sibuyanicum Bourns and Worcester Dicaeum sibuyanica Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 18 — Sibuyan. Sibuyan, Philippine Islands. —Dicaeum trigonostigma xanthopygium Tweeddale Dicaeum xanthopygium Tweeddale, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 95 — Monte Alban, Luzon. Mindoro, Luzon, Polillo, and Marinduque, Philippine Islands. DICAEUM HYPOLEUCUM —Dicaeum hypoleucum obscurum Ogilvie-Grant Dicaeum obscurum Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 50 — Mountain Province, northern Luzon. Also described 1894, Ibis, p. 551. Northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum hypoleucum lagunae Parkes Dicaeum hypoleucum lagunae Parkes, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 5 — Pangil, Laguna Province, Luzon, Philippines. Laguna Province, south-central Luzon, Philippine Islands. ——Dicaeum hypoleucum pontifex Mayr Dicaeum Everetti Tweeddale, 1877 (Dec.), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 537 — Dinagat. Not Prionochilus everetti Sharpe, 1877 (Jan.). Dicaeum modestum Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD don, p. 3880—Panaon. Not Prionochilus modestus Hume, 1875. Dicaeum hypoleucum pontifex Mayr, 1946, Zoologica [New York], 31, p. 8. New name for Dicaeum Everetti Tweeddale, preoccupied. Bohol, Samar, Leyte, Panaon, Dinagat, and Mindanao (except western peninsula), Philippine Islands. Dicaeum hypoleucum mindanense Tweeddale Dicaeum mindanense Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 547— Pasananca, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao. Western peninsula (Zamboanga, Misamis Occidental, and Lanao Provinces) of Mindanao, Philippine Islands. ~ Dicaeum hypoleucum hypoleucum Sharpe Dicaeum hypoleucum Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 298 — Basilan. Basilan and Sulu Islands (Bongao, Siasi and Jolo), Philip- pine Islands. DICAEUM ERYTHRORHYNCHOS - Dicaeum erythrorhynchos erythrorhynchos (Latham) Certhia erythrorhynchos Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 299 — India; restricted to Bombay by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 432. Greater part of India, west to Kathiawar and drier parts of Rajasthan, north to foothills of Himalayas, from Kangra (Dharmsala) to Dibrugarh in northern Assam, and east to Upper Chindwin and Arakan in western Burma; occasion- ally strays farther east (Southern Shan States, Tenas- serim). —— Dicaeum erythrorhynchos ceylonense Babault Dicaeum erythrorhynchus ceylonensis Babault, 1920, Mis- sion Babault dans les Provinces Centrales de I’Inde, 1914, p. 298, pl. 5 — Ceylon. Ceylon. DICAEUM CONCOLOR Dicaeum concolor concolor Jerdon Dicaeum concolor Jerdon, 1840, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 11, p. 227 — Malabar Coast. DICAEIDAE 187 Dicaeum minullum subflavum Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 12 — Belgaum. Dicaeum concolor unicolor Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 121 — Kodaikanal, Palni Hills. Western Ghats and coastal strip of southwestern India, north to Khandala and Mahabaleshwar, south to Cochin and Travancore, including hills of Mysore and Nilgiri and Palni Hills. Dicaeum concolor olivaceum Walden! Dicaeum olivaceum Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 15, p. 401 — Toungoo, southern Burma. Dicaeum inornatum Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 45 — Nepal.” Dicaeum minullum sinense Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 365 — Yia-ting, foothills of Omi [= Omei Shan], Szechwan. Himalayas from Nepal and Sikkim east to Assam (to 2,000 m.), including Khasi Hills (Shillong), Naga Hills, and Manipur; Burma south to Moulmein, but generally rather scarce, and unrecorded from Chin Hills and North- ern Shan States; northern Thailand scuth to about lat. 17° N., to 1,700 m.; Annam, Laos, Tonkin, and southern China, where breeds in southern Kwantung (north to about Canton), Kwangsi, southeastern Yunnan (north to Mengtsz), all of western Yunnan (between 2,400 and 3,300 m.), and southwestern Szechwan (Omei Shan). Dicaeum concolor virescens Hume Dicaeum virescens Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 482 — Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Andaman Islands. Dicaeum concolor minullum Swinhoe Dicaeum minullum Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 240 — Yu-lin- kan, Hainan. Hainan Island. Dicaeum concolor uchidai Kuroda Dicaeum minullum uchidai Kuroda, 1920, Tori, 2, pp. 230 1 The subspecies olivaceum, virescens, minullum, uchidai, bornea- num, and sollicitans form the “minullum group.” — F. S. 2 See Salomonsen (1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, p. 11) for history of this name. — F. S. 188 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD (Japanese), 231 (English) — Horisha, Nanto [= Nan- tow] district, central Formosa. Taiwan (Formosa), between 600 and 1,500 m. —— Dicaeum concolor borneanum Lénnberg Dicaeum minullum borneanum Lonnberg, 1925, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 3, p. 1 — Mt. Murud, northern Sarawak, Borneo. Malay States (northward to Perak), Sumatra, Borneo, and Great Natuna Islands, to about 1,000 m. Dicaeum concolor sollicitans Hartert Dicaeum sollicitans Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 52 — Mt. Gede, western Java. Java and Bali, to about 1,500 m. DICAEUM PYGMAEUM Dicaeum pygmaeum palawanorum Hachisuka Dicaeum pygmaeum palawanorum Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 55 — Iwahig, Palawan. Balabac, Palawan and Calamianes Islands (Culion Island), Philippine Islands. Dicaeum pygmaeum salomonseni Parkes : Dicaeum pygmaeum salomonseni Parkes, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 6 — Mt. Sicapo-o (Mt. Simminu- blan), 1,600 ft., Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon, Philip- pines. Mountain and Ilocos Norte Provinces, up to 1,800 m., northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. ~~ Dicaeum pygmaeum pygmaeum (Kittlitz) Nectarinia pygmea' Kittlitz, 1888, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 2, p. 2, pl. 2— Luzon; restricted to Manila by Parkes, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 6. Babuyan Islands (Fuga, Caleyan; subspecies?), Luzon (except north), Lubang, Polillo, Ticao, Masbate, Mindoro, Romblon, Sibuyan, Negros, Guimaras, Cebu (probably ex- tinct), Bohol, Samar, Leyte, and Siquijor, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum pygmaeum davao Mearns Dicaeum davao Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 87 — Cotabato, Mindanao. 1 Spelled “pygmea” in text, but pygmaea on the plate. —F. S. DICAEIDAE 189 Mindanao (to 1,200 m.), except western peninsula (Zam- boanga and Misamis Occidental Provinces). DICAEUM NEHRKORNI! ~ ~Dicaeum nehrkorni Blasius Dicaeum Nehrkorni Blasius, 1886, Braunschweigische Anzeigen — Rurukan, northern Celebes. Mountains of Celebes, between 800 and 2,000 m. DICAEUM VULNERATUM — Dicaeum vulneratum Wallace Dicaeum vulneratum Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 32 — Ceram. Ceram (300 to 2,100 m.), Ambon, Saparua, Manawoka, and Goram (Gorong Islands), Moluccas. DICAEUM ERYTHROTHORAX ——Dicaeum erythrothorax erythrothorax Lesson Dicaeum erythrothorax Lesson, 1828, Voy. Cocquille, Zool., 1 (1826), p. 672; atlas, pl. 30, figs. 1 and 2— Buru. Buru, southern Moluccas. ~~ Dicaeum erythrothorax schistaceiceps Gray Dicaeum schistaceiceps G. R. Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 28, p. 349 — Batjan and Gilolo [= Halmahera]. Obi, Batjan, Halmahera, and Morotai Islands, northern Moluccas; population of Morotai possibly separable. DICAEUM PECTORALE Dicaeum pectorale ignotum Mees Dicaeum pectorale ignotum Mees, 1964, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 40, no. 15, p. 128 — Gebe, western Papuan Islands. Gebe, western Papuan Islands. ——— Dicaeum pectorale pectorale Miiller Dicaeum pectorale S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Tem- minck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 162 — Lobo, Triton Bay, New Guinea. 1 Dicaeum nehrkorni, D. vulneratum, D. erythrothorax, D. pectorale, D. eximium, and D. aeneum constitute a superspecies. — F. S. 190 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Misol, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu, and Kofiau in western Papuan Islands; northwestern New Guinea, east along south coast to Triton Bay and on north coast to head of Geelvink Bay (lower Menoo River). Dicaeum pectorale maforense Salvadori! Dicaeum maforense Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 944 — Mafor [= Numfor] Island. Numfor Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Dicaeum pectorale misoriense Salvadori Dicaeum misoriense Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 945 — Korido, Misori [= Biak] Island. Biak Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. —— Dicaeum pectorale geelvinkianum Meyer Dicaeum geelvinkianum Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Wien, Cl., 70, Abt. 1, p. 120 — Jobi, Mysore and Mafoor [= Japen, Biak and Numfor] ; restricted to Japen by Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 34; vide Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, p. 26. Dicaeum jobiense Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 945 — Jobi [= Japen] Island. Japen and Kurudu Islands, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Dicaeum pectorale obscurifrons Junge Dicaeum geelvinkianum obscurifrons Junge, 1952, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 31, p. 249 — Paniai, Wissel Lake District, New Guinea. Known only from Wissel Lake, about 1,750 m., northeast of Etna Bay, western New Guinea. _-Dicaeum pectorale setekwa Rand Dicaeum geelvinkianum setekwa Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 14—Setekwa River, 2,000 ft., Nassau Mountains, New Guinea. Southern slopes of Snow Mountains (to 900 m.), New Guinea, eastward to Noord River. 1 The subspecies maforense, misoriense, geelvinkianum, obscuri- frons, setekwa, centrale, diversum, rubrocoronatum, violaceum, rubri- gulare, albopunctatum, nitidum, and rosseli form the “geelvinkianum group.” — F. S. DICAEIDAE 191 Dicaeum pectorale centrale Rand Dicaeum geelvinkianum centrale Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 15 — Balim River, 1,600 m., Oranje Mountains, New Guinea. Nassau Mountains (Ilaga) and Oranje Mountains (Balim River valley), 1,600-2,100 m., central New Guinea. —~Dicaeum pectorale diversum Rothschild and Hartert Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 215— Ambernoh [= Mam- berano] River, northern New Guinea. Dicaeum geelvinkianum simillimum Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 51 — Hollandia, northern New Guinea. Northern New Guinea between Mamberano River and Humboldt Bay (to 950 m.). ——Dicaeum pectorale rubrocoronatum Sharpe Dicaeum rubro-coronatum Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 339 — Port Moresby, southeastern New Guinea. Dicaeum pulchrius Sharpe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 579 — Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Southeastern New Guinea, from sea level to 1,500-2,000 m., ranging west to upper Sepik River (north of watershed) and to Purari River (south of watershed), and Central Highland and Star Mountains; also Karkar and Manam Islands. ——~ Dicaeum pectorale violaceum Mayr Dicaeum geelvinkianum violaceum Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869, p. 6— Goodenough Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. Fergusson, Goodenough, and Dobu Islands, D’Entrecas- teaux Archipelago, New Guinea. ——Dicaeum pectorale rubrigulare D’Albertis and Salvadori Dicaeum rubrigulare D’ Albertis and Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, p. 74 — Fly River, 200-4380 miles upstream, New Guinea. From Palmer Junction to mouth (Gaima) of Fly River, southern New Guinea. Dicaeum pectorale albopunctatum D’Albertis and Salvadori Dicaeum albopunctatum D’Albertis and Salvadori, 1879, 192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, p. 75 — Kataw [= Binaturi] River, southern New Guinea. From Daru Island and Orioma River westward to Merauke district and Digul River, lowlands of middle south- ern New Guinea. Dicaeum pectorale nitidum Tristram Dicaeum nitidum Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 555 — Sudest [=Tagula] Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Tagula (Sudest) and Misima (St. Aignan) Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea. Dicaeum pectorale rosseli Rothschild and Hartert Dicaeum geelvinkianum rosseli Rothschild and Hartert, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 35, p. 82 — Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea. DICAEUM EXIMIUM Dicaeum eximium layardorum Salvadori Dicaeum layardorum Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 67. Name given to Dicaeum sp. Layard, 1880, Ibis, p. 308 — Blanche Bay, New Britain. New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. Dicaeum eximium eximium Sclater Dicaeum eximium Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 102, pl. 14, fig. 2— New Ireland. New Ireland and New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago. ° Dicaeum eximium phaeopygium Salomonsen Dicaeum eximium phaeopygium Salomonsen, 1964, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk., 14 (1), p. 5—Sumuna, Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago. DICAEUM AENEUM — Dicaeum aeneum aeneum Pucheran Dicaeum aeneum Pucheran, in Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 97; atlas, pl. 22, fig. 4 — San Jorge (near Santa Isabel), Solomon Islands. Buka, Bougainville, Fauro, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida and Tulagi, Solomon Islands. DICAEIDAE 193 —— Dicaeum aeneum becki Hartert Dicaeum aeneum becki Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 9 — Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands. Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Dicaeum aeneum malaitae Salomonsen Dicaeum aeneum malaitae Salomonsen, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2016, p. 34 — Malaita Island, Solomon Is- lands. Malaita, Solomon Islands. DICAEUM TRISTRAMI —~ Dicaeum tristrami Sharpe Dicaeum tristrami Sharpe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 579 — San Christobal Island, Solomon Islands. San Christobal, Solomon Islands. DICAEUM IGNIFERUM ~~ Dicaeum igniferum igniferum Wallace Dicaeum igniferum Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 494 — Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. Sumbawa and Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. — ? Dicaeum igniferum cretum Rensch Dicaeum igniferum cretum Rensch, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., Erginzungsband, 2, p. 201 — Alor, Lesser Sunda Is- lands. Pantar and Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Possibly not sepa- rable from nominate igniferum. DICAEUM MAUGEI! —— Dicaeum maugei maugei Lesson Dicaeum Maugei Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., p. 303 — Timor. Timor, Sawu, and Semau Islands. — Dicaeum maugei romae Hartert Dicaeum mackloti romae Hartert, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 300 — Roma Island. Roma and Damar Islands. 1 Replaces Dicaewm mackloti Miller, 1843, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand- list, 5, p. 283.—F. S. 194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~Dicaeum maugei salvadorii Meyer Dicaeum Salvadori Meyer, 1884, Abh. Natwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, p. 38 — Babar Island. Babar and Moa Islands. Dicaeum maugei splendidum Biittikofer Dicaeum splendidum Biittikofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 180 — District of Macassar, southern Celebes [error = Saleyer Island]. Saleyer and Djampea Islands, Indonesia. Dicaeum maugei neglectum Hartert Dicaeum neglectum Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 264 — Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands. Dicaeum maugeit mariae Neumann, 1942, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 23, p. 112 — Nusa Penida, southeast of Bali, Lesser Sunda Islands. Lombok and Nusa Penida, Lesser Sunda Islands. DICAEUM SANGUINOLENTUM}! ~——~ Dicaeum sanguinolentum wilhelminae Biittikofer Dicacum wilhelminae Biittikofer, 1892, Notes Leyden Mus., 14, p. 199 — Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands. Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands. Dicaeum sanguinolentum hanieli Hellmayr Dicaeum hanieli Hellmayr, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 210 — Timor. Timor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Dicaeum sanguinolentum rhodopygiale Rensch Dicaeum sanguinolentum rhodopygiale Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 80— Rana Mesé, 1,200 m., western Flores. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. — Dicaeum sanguinolentum sanguinolentum Temminck and Laugier Dicaeum sanguinolentum Temminck and Laugier, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 80, pl. 478, fig. 2 — Java; restricted to West Java by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 57. 1 Dicaeum sanguinolentum, D. hirundinaceum, D. celebicum, D. monticolum, and D. ignipectus constitute a superspecies. — F. S. DICAEIDAE 195 Dicaeum sanguinolentum ablutum Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 57 — Ta- mansari, Banjoewangi, 1,600 ft., East Java. Java and Bali. DICAEUM HIRUNDINACEUM —~ Dicaeum hirundinaceum hirundinaceum (Shaw and Nodder) Motacilla hirundinacea Shaw and Nodder, 1792, Nat. Misc., 4, pl. 114 — New Holland. Dicaeum hirundinaceum tormenti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 887 — Point Torment, northwest- ern Australia. Dicaeum hirundinaceum yorki Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 387 — Cape York, northern Queens- land. Throughout continental Australia, including islands in Torres Strait. ——Dicaeum hirundinaceum ignicolle Gray Dicaeum ignicolle G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 26, p. 173 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Dicaeum hirundinaceum keiense Salvadori Dicaeum keiense Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6 (1874), p. 8138 — Kei Islands. Kei, Tajandu (Kilsuin or Kur Island), and Watubela (Tiur or Larat Island) Archipelagos, Indonesia. Dicaeum hirundinaceum fulgidum Sclater Dicaeum fulgidum Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 56 — Larat, Tenimber Islands. Tenimber Islands, Indonesia. DICAEUM CELEBICUM Dicaeum celebicum kuehni Hartert Dicaeum kiihni Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 28 — Tukangbesi Island. Tukangbesis Island, Indonesia. -Dicaeum celebicum sulaense Sharpe Dicaeum Sulaense Sharpe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 579 — Sula Islands. Sula and Banguey Islands, Indonesia. 196 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~~Dicaeum celebicum celebicum Miiller Dicaeum celebicum S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Tem- minck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-1844) , p. 162 — Celebes. Celebes, Muna, and Buton Island (sea level to about 1,000 m.). Dicaeum celebicum sanghirense Salvadori Dicaeum sanghirense Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 58 — Great Sangihe Island. Sangihe Islands, Indonesia. —— Dicaeum celebicum talautense Meyer and Wiglesworth Dicaeum talautense Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5 (1894-1895), no. 9, p. 5 — Karkel- lang, Talaut Islands. Talaut Islands, Indonesia. DICAEUM MONTICOLUM ————> Dicaeum monticolum Sharpe Dicaeum monticolum Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 452 — Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo. Dicaeum sulaense zita Harrisson and Hartley, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 159— Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo. Mountains of Borneo (generally above 1,200 m.), from Mt. Kinabalu to Upper Kapuas Mountains. DICAEUM IGNIPECTUS Dicaeum ignipectus apo Hartert Dicaeum apo Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 79 — Mt. Apo, Mindanao. Above 1,200 m. in mountains of Mindanao (Mt. Apo, Mt. Katanglad, Mt. Malindang and Diuata Mountains) and Negros (Cuernos de Negros Mountains), Philippine Islands. Dicaeum ignipectus bonga Hartert Dicaeum bonga Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 80 — Samar, Philippine Islands. Samar, Philippine Islands. Dicaeum ignipectus luzoniense Ogilvie-Grant Dicaeum luzoniense Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 1 — Luzon. Also described 1894, Ibis, p. 551. Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. DICAEIDAE 197 Dicaeum ignipectus formosum Ogilvie-Grant Dicaeum formosum Ogilvie Grant, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 109 — Mt. Arizan, 6,000 ft., Formosa. Also described 1912, Ibis, p. 653. Taiwan (Formosa), between 600 and 1,800 m. ——~ Dicaeum ignipectus ignipectus (Blyth) Myzanthe ignipectus Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 983—Nepal and Bhutan. Dicaeum cyanonotum Styan, 1898, Ibis, p. 470 — Ichang, Hupeh, China. Dicaeum ignipectus pulchellum Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 21 — Sangau, Lushai Hills, Assam. Himalayas, from about Kangra in northern Punjab, east to northeastern Assam (between 600 and 3,000 m.) ; Khasi Hills, Naga Hills, Manipur, Lushai Hills; Burma south to about lat. 16° N. (Mt. Mulayit, Taok Plateau) ; northern Thailand (Chiang Mai region), Tonkin, Laos, and Annam, south to Langbian Plateau (between 750 and 2,600 m.) ; southern and western Yunnan (to 3,300 m.), southeastern Sikang, southern Szechwan north to about Kwanhsien, southern Hupeh north to Yangtze River (Hing-shan [= Hsienshan], Ichang), entire Kwangsi, southeastern Kwei- chow, entire Kwangtung, and southern and central Fukien north to about Minhow [= Foochow]. _ Dicaeum ignipectus dolichorhynchum Deignan Dicaeum ignipectus dolichorhynchum Deignan, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51, p. 97 — Summit of Khao Nom Plu, 3,000 ft., Trang Province, peninsular Thailand. Mountains (900 to 1,600 m.) of southern peninsular Thai- land and Malay States, from Trang and Phatthalung [= Padalung] south to southern Selangor and northern Pahang. Dicaeum ignipectus cambodianum Delacour and Jabouille Dicaeum beccarii cambodianum Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 135 — Le Bokor, 3,000 ft., Chaine de l’Eléphant, Cambodia. Dicaeum umbratile Riley, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 43, p. 191 Kao Kuap, near Krat, southeastern Siam. 198 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mountains of Cambodia and southeastern Thailand (Krat). Dicaeum ignipectus beccarii Robinson and Kloss Dicaeum beccarit Robinson and Kloss, 1916, Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., no. 73, p. 278 — Korinchi, Sumatra. Dicaeum van heysti Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 7, p. 239— Brastagi, northern Sumatra. Mountains of northern Sumatra. DICAEUM CRUENTATUM —— Dicaeum cruentatum cruentatum (Linnaeus) Certhia cruentata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 119; based on “The Little Black, White and Red Indian Creeper’ of Edwards, 1748, Nat. Hist. Birds, 2 (1747), pl. 81 — Bengal. Certhia coccinea Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna. Insubr., fase. 2, p. 91; based on “‘Le Grimpereau 4 dos rouge de la Chine” of Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 209, pl. 117, fig. 1 — China. Not Certhia Coccinea Forster, 1780, or Certhia Coccinea Blumenbach, 1782 (fide Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 56, p. 70). Certhia erythronotus Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 290 — India, error = China. Based on “‘Le Grimpereau a dos rouge de la Chine” of Sonnerat, 1782. Nectarinia ignita Begbie, 1834, Malayan Peninsula, p. 518 — Malacca, Malay Peninsula; cf. 1846, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 17, p. 408. Dicaeum cruentatum siamensis Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 216 — Lat Bua Kao, eastern Thailand. Dicaeum cruentatum hainanum Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 69 — Hainan Island. From sea level to between 800 and 1,200 m. in eastern Nepal, Assam, Bengal (except west), Chittagong; Burma, Indochina, and Thailand; Malay States, including coastal islands, Tioman Island and Riouw Archipelago; Kwangtung, Hainan Island, Fukien, and, locally, Kwangsi. DICAEIDAE 199 Dicaeum cruentatum sumatranum Cabanis Dicaeum sumatranum Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p. 101 — Sumatra. Sumatra. ? Dicaeum cruentatum niasense de Schauensee and Ripley Dicaeum cruentatum niasense de Schauensee and Ripley, 1939, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 410 — Soliga, Nias Island. Nias Island, off western Sumatra. Probably not separable from sumatranum. Dicaeum cruentatum batuense Richmond Dicaeum sumatranum batuense Richmond, 1912, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 25, p. 104 — Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands. Pini, Batu Islands, and Sipora and South Pagi, Mentawai Islands, off western Sumatra. Dicaeum cruentatum simalurense Salomonsen Dicaeum cruentatum simalurense Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2057, p. 29 — Sinabang, Simeulue [=Simalur] Island. Simalur Island, off western Sumatra. ——~ Dicaeum cruentatum nigrimentum Salvadori Dicaeum nigrimentum Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 165 — Sarawak, Borneo. Dicaeum pryeri Sharpe, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 795 — Sandakan, northern Borneo. Dicaeum hosi Sharpe, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 6, p. 48 — Mt. Masarang, Minahassa, northern Celebes [error = Borneo; fide Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, p. 538]. Also described 1897, Ibis, p. 449. Karimata Islands and Borneo. DICAEUM TROCHILEUM}! ~—— Dicaeum trochileum trochileum (Sparrman) Certhia trochilea Sparrman, 1789, Mus. Carlsonianum, fasc. 4, no. 80 — “America?” [error = Java, fide Strese- mann, 1923, Orn. Monatsb., 31, p. 41]. 1 Replaces D. flammeum Sparrman, 1789, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand- list, 5, p. 21.—F. S. 200 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Java, Madura, Bali, southeastern Borneo, Banka, Kari- mundjowo Islands, Bawean Islands and Kangean Islands. Dicaeum trochileum stresemanni Rensch Dicaeum trochileum stresemanni Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 8 — Narmada, Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands. Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands. GENUS OREOCHARIS SALVADORI! Oreocharis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 939. Type, by monotypy, Oreocharis stictop- tera Salvadori = Parus arfaki Meyer. ef. Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, pp. 238-239. Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, pp. 1-3. OREOCHARIS ARFAKI —— Oreocharis arfaki (Meyer) Parus (?) Arfaki Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. Nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, p. 75 — Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Oreocharis arfaki bloodi Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2,8 (1), p. 174 — Weiga, southern slope of Wahgi Divide, Western Highlands, Territory of New Guinea. Mountains of New Guinea, from 1,600 to 2,900 m.: Arfak, Weyland, Nassau, Oranje, Star, Sepik [Schraderberg], Hin- denburg, and Saruwaged Mountains; Central Highlands, and mountains of the southeast. GENUS PARAMYTHIA DE VIs Paramythia De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1890-91, p. 95. Type, by monotypy, Paramythia mon- tium De Vis. cf. Mayr, 1933, Ornith. Monatsb., 41, pp. 112-113. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 512- 5138. Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, pp. 3-8. 1 Harrison and Parker (1966, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 86, pp. 15-20) believe Oreocharis and Paramythia are better placed with the Pyc- nonotidae. — F. S. DICAEIDAE 201 PARAMYTHIA MONTIUM Paramythia montium olivaceum Van Oort! Paramythia montium olivaceum Van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 2138 — Hellwig Mountains, 2,600 m., and Oranje Mountains, 3,500 m., central New Guinea; restricted to Hellwig Mountains by Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, p. 4.2 Paramythia montium occidentis Mees, 1964, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 66, p. 22 — Treub- bivak, Hellwig Mountains, ca. 2,400 m., south-central New Guinea. Central New Guinea, in Weyland Mountains 2,200-2,500 m., and in Nassau and Oranje Mountains (on south slope), 2,300-2,600 m.; on north slope known only from Oranje Mountains at 2,150 m. Paramythia montium alpinum Salomonsen Paramythia montium alpinum Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, p. 5— four miles east of Wil- helmina Summit, 3,600 m., Oranje Range, New Guinea. Upper slopes of Oranje Mountains, New Guinea, from 3,200 m. on south slope and from 2,200 m. on north slope to timber line (about 4,100 m.); also north slope of Nassau Mountains, 2,400-3,600 m. Paramythia montium montium De Vis? Paramythia montium De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1890-91, p. 95 — Mt. Suckling, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, westward to Central Highlands (Kubor Mountains, Hagen Mountains, Bismarck Mountains), and the Hindenburg and Star Moun- tains; from 2,000-2,300 m. to timber line (3,500-3,800 m.). 1 The subspecies olivacewm and alpinum form the “olivacewm group.” —F. S. 2 Acting as first revisor, I (F. S.) restricted the type locality of olivaceum to Hellwig Mountains, where two of Van Oort’s three syntypes were collected. This restriction, which is in accordance with art. 73c of the Intern. Code Zool. Nomencl., is valid. Mees (1964, Zool. Verhandl., no. 66, p. 22) subsequently selected a lectotype from Oranje Mountains, 3,500 m., which upsets the established nomenclature and violates art. 74 of the Code (‘‘agreement with previous restriction’). 3 The subspecies montium and brevicauda form the “montium group.” —F. S. 202 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD _— Paramythia montium brevicauda Mayr and Gilliard Paramythia montium brevicauda Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, p. 372 — Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. GENUS PARDALOTUS VIEILLOT Pardalotus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 31. Type, by mono- typy, Pipra punctata Shaw and Nodder. Pardalotinus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Pipra striata Gmelin. Nesopardalotus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Pardalotus qua- dragintus Gould. Dipardalotus Mathews, 1922, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 7. Type, by original designation, Pardalotus rubricatus yorki Mathews. ef. North, 1907, Austral. Mus., Sydney; Special Cat., no. 1, 2, pp. 217-234 (Pardalotus spp.). Mathews, 1923-1924, Birds Australia, 11, parts 3-4, pp. 182-228 (Pardalotus spp.). Hindwood and Mayr, 1946, Emu, 46, pp. 49-67 (striatus and allies). Condon, 1951, South Australian Orn., 20, pp. 57-58 (rubricatus) . Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, pp. 8-24 (Pardalotus except superspecies striatus). , 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, pp. 1-31 (superspecies striatus) . PARDALOTUS QUADRAGINTUS —— Pardalotus quadragintus quadragintus Gould Pardalotus quadragintus Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, pl. 62 — Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania]. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 148. Tasmania. ? Pardalotus quadragintus rex (Mathews) Nesopardalotus quadragintus rex Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 37 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island, Bass Strait, Australia; probably not sepa- rable from nominate quadragintus. DICAEIDAE 203 PARDALOTUS PUNCTATUS —Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw and Nodder) Pipra punctata Shaw and Nodder, 1792, Nat. Misc., 4, pl. 111 — New Holland. Pardalotus punctatus interjectus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 12 (1911), p. 389 — Ringwood, Victoria. Pardalotus punctatus leachi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 12 (1911), p. 8389 — Tasmania. Pardalotus punctatus whitlocki Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 12 (1911), p. 8389 — Wilson’s Inlet, southwestern Australia. Pardalotus punctatus millitaris Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 96 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Eastern Queensland north to Cairns district, eastern New South Wales, Victoria (except northwestern parts), south- eastern South Australia west to Adelaide Plains, south- western Western Australia east to Stirling Range and north to Moora; Tasmania; and Flinders Island, Furneaux Group, Bass Strait. PARDALOTUS XANTHOPYGUS Pardalotus xanthopygus McCoy Pardalotus xanthopygus McCoy, 1866 (Dec. 29), The Australasian (Melbourne newspaper) —near Swan Hill, junction of Murray and Darling Rivers, north- western Victoria, fide Hindwood, 1950, Emu, 49, p. 207. Also published 1867, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 19, p. 184. Southwestern New South Wales, northwestern Victoria, southeastern South Australia, west to Gawler Ranges and Kyre Peninsula, south to about Cowell and Streaky Bay, north to Port Augusta and Wilpena Creek; Kangaroo Island; Western Australia, west to Tambellup and Lake Grace, north to Norseman. PARDALOTUS RUBRICATUS Pardalotus rubricatus rubricatus Gould Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Austra- lia, pt. 4, pl. 62 — Australia; restricted to New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 389. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 149. Pardalotus pallida Campbell, 1909, Emu, 8, p. 142 — 204 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD region of Coongan and De Grey Rivers [= Marble Bar, Pilbara Goldfield, middle Western Australia]. Pardalotus rubricatus musgravi Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 91— Musgrave Ranges, central Australia. Arid parts of Australia, south to Gascoyne River in Western Australia and to Musgrave Ranges, Everard Ranges and Lake Eyre Basin in South Australia, east to Broken Hill (and occasionally to Bourke) in New South Wales and to southwestern Queensland, north in Northern Territory and Western Australia to about lat. 20° S. Pardalotus rubricatus parryi Mathews Pardalotus rubricatus parryi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 890 — Parry’s Creek, northern Western Australia. Pardalotus rubricatus leichhardti Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 10 — Leichhardt River, northwestern Queensland. Semi-arid parts of northern Australia, from Kimberley Division (Derby—Mt. Alexander) in northern Western Aus- tralia, east to Leichhardt River and Cloncurry in north- western Queensland. Pardalotus rubricatus carpentariae Salomonsen Pardalotus rubricatus carpentariae Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2067, p. 23 — Normanton, northern Queensland. Sub-humid zone along head of Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Queensland. Pardalotus rubricatus yorki Mathews Pardalotus rubricatus yorki Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 10 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Humid zone of northwestern Cape York Peninsula, north- ern Queensland, from Cape York south to Watson River. PARDALOTUS STRIATUS!2 —— Pardalotus striatus (Gmelin) Pipra striata Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1003; 1 Replaces P. affinis Gould, 1887, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 29.—F. S. 2 Pardalotus striatus, ornatus, substriatus, and melanocephalus con- DICAEIDAE 205 based on “Striped-headed Manakin” of Latham, 1783, Gen. Synop. Birds, 2, pt. 2, p. 526, no. 11, pl. 54 — South America [= Tasmania]. Pardalotus striatus kingi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 887 — King Island, Bass Strait. Tasmania, islands in Bass Strait, southern and eastern Victoria west to Castlemaine (occasionally Portland), east- ern New South Wales west occasionally to Dubbo, south- eastern Queensland, occasionally north to Rockhampton; one record (Sept. 1963) from southeastern South Australia. PARDALOTUS ORNATUS12 ——Pardalotus ornatus Temminck and Laugier Pardalotus ornatus Temminck and Laugier, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 66, p. 394, fig. 1 — interior of Australia; restricted to Parramatta, New South Wales, by Hindwood and Mayr, 1946, Emu, 46, p. 51. Pardalotus assimilis Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2, p. 180 — “Port Denison, Wide Bay Dis- trict, Rich. and Clar. R. Dis., N.S. Wales, and Interior” ; restricted to Macquarie Fields, New South Wales, by Hindwood and Mayr, 1946, Emu, 46, p. 57. Pardalotus gracilis Hall, 1899, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, May 31 (publ. June 1), 1899, p. ii — southern Victoria; cf. 1899 (Oct. 10), Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 24, p. 282 and 1899 (Dec. 9), zbid., p. 472. Pardalotus queenslandicus Mathews, 1923, Birds Aus- tralia, 11, pt. 3, p. 197 — Gracemere, Queensland. Eastern and southern Victoria, eastern New South Wales, occasionally as far west as Portland, Onyen, Mildura and Bourke; southeastern Queensland, locally north to Rock- hampton. stitute a superspecies. But for a different opinion, see Mees (1965, Emu, 65, pp. 97-102) who considers ornatus and substriatus to be subspecies of striatus. —F. S. 1 Replaces P. assimilis Ramsay, 1878, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 29.— F. S. 2 P. ornatus, undoubtedly, has originated as a hybrid form between P. striatus and P. substriatus, but evidently has achieved an advanced stage of stabilization and is best considered an incipient species (cf. Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, pp. 4-18).— F. S. 206 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD PARDALOTUS SUBSTRIATUS! —— Pardalotus substriatus Mathews Pardalotus striatus substriatus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 388 — Ultima, Victoria. Pardalotus striatus subaffinis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 888 — Blackwood, South Australia. Pardalotus striatus murchisoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 388 — Nully Pool, Murchison, West- ern Australia. Pardalotus striatus westraliensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 388 — Claremont, Western Aus- tralia. Pardalotus striatus rogersi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 388 — Mungi, interior of northwestern Australia. Pardalotus striatus finki Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 101 — Running Water, Finke River, central Australia. Pardalotus striatus campbelli Mathews, 1924, Birds Aus- tralia, 11, pt. 4, p. 209 — Kangaroo Island, South Aus- tralia. Non-tropical parts of Australian continent: Victoria; New South Wales; Queensland north to Rockhampton and Birdsville area; South Australia, including Kangaroo Island; Western Australia north to southern Kimberley Division (Mt. Alexander south of Fitzroy River) ; Northern Territory north to Macdonnell Ranges, occasionally north to lat. 19° S. PARDALOTUS MELANOCEPHALUS —_— Pardalotus melanocephalus melanocephalus Gould? Pardalotus melanocephalus Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 62— Moreton Bay, southern Queensland. Also described 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 5 (1837), p. 149. Port Macquarie, northeastern New South Wales, north to about Mackay and west to about Charleville, southeastern Queensland; hybridizes freely with P. substriatus in south- eastern Queensland, from Charleville southeast to Warwick. 1 Replaces P. ornatus Temminck and Laugier, 1826, of Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 29. — F. S. 2 The subspecies melanocephalus, bowensis, and barroni form the “melanocephalus group.” — F. S. DICAEIDAE 207 Pardalotus melanocephalus bowensis Salomonsen Pardalotus melanocephalus bowensis Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, p. 24 — Bowen, central eastern Queensland. From about Mackay north to Cardwell, eastern Queens- land. Pardalotus melanocephalus barroni Mathews! Pardalotus melanocephalus barroni Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 96 — Cairns, northern Queensland. From Cairns and Cooktown west to Normanton, northern Queensland. Pardalotus melanocephalus uropygialis Gould? Pardalotus uropygialis Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 7 (1839), p. 143 — northwest coast of Australia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Aus- tralia, fide Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Aus- tralia, 44, p. 112]. Pardalotus melanocephalus inexpectatus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 390 — Parry’s Creek, north- western Australia. Pardalotus melanocephalus tormenti Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 96 — Point Torment, northwestern Australia. Pardalotus melanocephalus sedani Mathews, 1918, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 2, p. 77 — Cloncurry River, northern Queensland. Pardalotinus melanocephalus pilbarra Mathews, 1928, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 36 — Pilbarra Goldfields, mid- western Australia (name apparently based on a sight record). Flinders River, northwestern Queensland, west to Kim- berley Division of Western Australia, ranging south to Fitzroy River. Pardalotus melanocephalus melvillensis Mathews Pardalotus melanocephalus melvillensis Mathews, 1912, 1 This subspecies constitutes a hybrid population between bowen- sis and uropygialis. Individuals belonging to the two parental forms are virtually absent in the zone of secondary intergradation. — F. S. 2 The subspecies wropygialis, melvillensis, and restrictus form the “yropygialis group.” — F. S. 208 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 48 — Melville Island, Northern Territory. Melville Island, Northern Territory. Pardalotus melanocephalus restrictus Salomonsen Pardalotus melanocephalus restrictus Salomonsen, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2068, p. 29 — Jardine River, Cape York, northern Queensland. Northern parts of Cape York Peninsula, northern Queens- land. FAMILY NECTARINIIDAE?? AUSTIN L. RAND cf. Shelley, 1876-80, Monog. Nectariniidae, pp. 1-383, pl. 1-121. Baker, 1926-30, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, pp. 368-419; 7, pp. 283-290; 8, pp. 665-667. Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, pt. 1, pp. 729-735. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., pp. 681-712. Delacour and Jabouille, 1931, Oiseaux Indochine Franc., 4, pp. 133-161. Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, pp. 273-284 (Malaysian forms). Ripley, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94, pp. 407-412 (western Sumatra forms). Delacour and Jabouille, 1940, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 10, pp. 203-206 (Indochinese forms). Delacour, 1944, Zoologica [New York], 39, pp. 17-38 (revision of family). Delacour and Mayr, 1946, Birds Philippines, pp. 227-234; 279-280. Delacour, 1947, Birds Malaysia, pp. 307-317. Bannerman, 1948, Birds Trop. West Africa, 6, pp. 137- 261. 1 MS read by H. G. Diegnan and G. F. Mees (Asiatic forms) ; C. W. Benson, M. P. S. Irwin, C. M. N. White, and J. G. Williams (African forms). 2 The following genera, sometimes placed in this family, are not in- cluded: Neodrepanis (is placed in Philepittidae); Hylia and Pholi- dornis (in Sylviidae).— Ed. NECTARINIIDAE 209 Smythies, 1953, Birds Burma, ed. 2, pp. 267-277. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, pp. 188- 282 (Congo forms). Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, pp. 157-161. Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and North Eastern Africa, 2, pp. 736-821. McLachlan and Liversidge, 1957, Roberts’ Birds S. Africa (rev. ed.), pp. 404-417. Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 556- 561. Deignan, 1961, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 221, pp. 488-504 (types in U. S. Nat. Mus.). Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, pp. 583-591. Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, pp. 203-210 (Thailand forms). Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1963, Birds Southern Third Africa, 2, pp. 469-523. White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, Tits... Sunbirds..., and Waxbills, pp. 53-86. GENUS ANTHREPTES SWAINSON Anthreptes Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer., 2 (1831), p. 495. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cinnyris javanica Swainson = Certhia malacensis Scopoli. Anthothreptes Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 329. Type, by original designation, Anthreptes javanica Swainson = Certhia malacensis Scopoli. Chalcoparia Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 103. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla singalensis Gmelin. Hedydipna Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 101. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris platurus Vieillot. Gunningia Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 253. Type, by monotypy, Anthreptes reichenowi Gunning. Lamprothreptes Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 254. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris longmari [= longuemarei] Lesson. ef. Williams, 1951, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 71, pp. 48-50 (status A. r. yokanae). Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, pp. 246-253 (malacensis and grisei- gularis). 210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ANTHREPTES GABONICUS Anthreptes gabonicus (Hartlaub) Nectarinia gabonica Hartlaub, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9, p. 18 (descr.), p. 109 (type locality) — Gabon. Coastal western Africa from Gambia to Congo River mouth. ANTHREPTES FRASERI Anthreptes fraseri fraseri Jardine and Selby Anthreptes fraseri Jardine and Selby, 1848, Illus. Orn., n.s., pl. 52 with text — Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. Anthreptes fraseri idius Oberholser Anthreptes idius Oberholser, 1899, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 33 — Mt. Coffee, Liberia. Sierra Leone to Gold Coast. ——— Anthreptes fraseri cameroonensis Bannerman Anthreptes fraseri cameroonensis Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 137 — River Ja, Cameroons. Anthreptes fraseri canzelae Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 2 (1957), p. 81 — Canzele, northern Angola. Southern Nigeria and southern Cameroons to Mayombe forests of lower Congo and to northern Angola (Cuanza Norte). Anthreptes fraseri axillaris (Reichenow) Camaroptera axillaris Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 32 — Uvamba, Semliki Valley. Camaroptera caniceps Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 128 — Duma, Cameroons. Congo, north of about lat. 4° S., and scattered forest patches in Uganda. ANTHREPTES REICHENOWI ~~Anthreptes reichenowi yokanae Hartert Anthreptes yokanae Hartert, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 68 — Rabai, Kenya. Coastal forests of southern Kenya and northeastern Tan- zania (Tanganyika). NECTARINIIDAE 211 Anthreptes reichenowi reichenowi Gunning Anthreptes reichenowi Gunning, 1909, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 1, p. 173 — Mzimbiti, near Beira, Portuguese East Africa. Lowland forests of Beira-Inharrime area of Mozambique and adjacent southeastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia). ANTHREPTES ANCHIETAE ~~ Anthreptes anchietae (Bocage) Nectarinia anchietae Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 208 — Caconda, “in the interior of Benguella” [= Huila], Angola. Central Angola, extreme southern Congo, and northern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) east to southwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika) and Malawi (Nyasaland) and adjacent Mozambique, west of Nyasa-Shire Rift Valley. ANTHREPTES SIMPLEX —— Anthreptes simplex (Miller) Nectarinia simplex Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Tem- minck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 173 — Sumatra and Borneo. Anthreptes simplex simplicior Oberholser, 1923, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., 13, p. 229 — central Borneo. Anthreptes simplex euthapsinus Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 107 — Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands. Southern Burma (southern Tenasserim), peninsular Siam, and Malay Peninsula; Sumatra (including Nias Island) and Borneo (including North Natuna Islands). ANTHREPTES MALACENSIS __. Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoli) 1 Certhia malacensis Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna. In- subr., fasc. 2, p. 91 — Malacca (ex Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 209). Anthreptes malacensis nesaeus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. 1 The nominate subspecies forms the malacensis group. There is much minor geographical variation in color and size within the large range of this group that is not susceptible to conventional taxonomic and nomenclatural treatment.— A. L. R. 212 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 20 — Sikakap Strait, Pagi Island, west of Sumatra. Anthreptes malacensis welloptilus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 20 — Simalur Island. Anthreptes malacensis pollostus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21 — Gunong Lembu, Nias Island. Anthreptes malacensis baweanus Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 52, p. 196 — Bawean Island, Java Sea. Anthreptes malacensis anambae Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 98, p. 61— Pulo Mobur, Anamba Islands. Anthreptes malacensis bornensis Riley, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 33, p. 55 — Po Bui Island, Sandakan, British North Borneo. Anthreptes malacensis paraguae Riley, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 33, p. 55 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Anthreptes malacensis mjobergi Bangs and Peters, 1927, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 240 — Maratua Island, East Borneo. Anthreptes malacensis erixanthus Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 109 — Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands. Southern Burma (Arakan and Tenasserim) east through southern Indochinese countries and south through Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and adjacent small islands; Palawan, and also Sibutu, the most westerly isle of Sulu Archipelago. —— Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis Mearns! Anthreptes cagayanensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 6 — Cagayan Sulu Island. Cagayan Sulu Island, Sulu Sea. ——Anthreptes malacensis chlorigaster Sharpe Anthreptes chlorigaster Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., 1, p. 342 — Negros Island. Anthreptes malacensis wiglesworthi Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 209 — Sulu Island. Anthreptes malacensis heliolusius Oberholser, 1923, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 228 — Basilan Island. 1 The subspecies cagayanensis, chlorigaster, heliocalus, celebensis, citrinus, and,convergens form the chlorigaster group.— A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE 213 Anthreptes malacensis basilanicus Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 68 — Basilan Island. West-central Philippine Islands (Lubang, Tablas, Rom- blon, Sibuyan, Masbate, Ticao, Panay, Negros, and Cebu; Mindoro, subsp.?), and southern and western Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu Archipelago (except Sibutu). Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus Oberholser Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus Oberholser, 1923, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 229— Sanghir Island. Anthreptes malacensis sanghirana Hachisuka, 1926, Bull: Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 68 — Sanghir Island. , Sangi Island, north of Celebes. ' —-~Anthreptes malacensis celebensis Shelley i-"~ Anthreptes celebensis Shelley, 1877, Monog. Nectarinii- dae, p. 319—Celebes; type from Macassar, (fide Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, p. 59). Celebes, on southern peninsula; status of central and northern Celebes birds and those of Sula Island uncertain. Anthreptes malacensis citrinus Stresemann Anthreptes malacensis citrinus Stresemann, 1932, Ornith. Monatsb., 40, p. 107 — Wawo, southeastern Celebes. Celebes, on southeastern peninsula; intergrading with celebensis over considerable area in central and northern Celebes. Anthreptes malacensis extremus Mees Anthreptes malacensis extremus Mees, 1966, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 41, p. 255 — Soela Besi, Soela Islands. Sula (Soela) Islands, east of Celebes. ' —— Anthreptes malacensis convergens Rensch Anthreptes malaccensis [sic] convergens Rensch, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., Erginzungsband, 2, p. 200— Sita, Flores. Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, and Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Anthreptes malacensis rubrigena Rensch Anthreptes malacensis rubrigena Rensch, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 385 — Laora, Sumba. Sumba. 214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Anthreptes malacensis griseigularis (Tweeddale) ! Anthothreptus griseigularis Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 880 — Surigao, northeastern Mindanao. Samar, Leyte, and northeastern Mindanao (provinces of Sugigao and Agusan), Philippine Islands. Anthreptes malacensis birgitae Salomonsen Anthreptes malacensis birgitae Salomonsen, 1953, Vi- densk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 251 — Barit, Abra Province, northern Luzon. Luzon, possibly also Mindoro, Philippine Islands. ANTHREPTES RHODOLAEMA — Anthreptes rhodolaema Shelley Anthreptes rhodolaema Shelley, 1878, Monog. Nectarinii- dae, p. 313, pl. 101 — Malacca and Sumatra; restricted to Malacca by Riley, 1934, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47, p. 116. Anthreptes rhodolaema aenea Riley, 1934, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 47, p. 116 — Labuan Klambu, Dutch East Borneo. Southern Burma (southern Tenasserim) and southern peninsular provinces of Thailand, south through Malay Peninsula; Sumatra and Borneo. ANTHREPTES SINGALENSIS Anthreptes singalensis assamensis (Kloss) Chalcoparia singalensis assamensis Kloss,” 1930 (May 7), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 70 — Cachar, India; new name for “‘Chalcoparia singalensis lepida’, Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 370 — Cachar, India (not Certhia lepida Latham, 1790, which is a synonym of Certhia malacensis Scopoli, 1786). Chalcoparia singalensis rubinigentis Baker, 1930 (March [= May 14]), Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 282 — Cachar, India; new name for “Chalcoparia singalensis lepida (Latham),” Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, p. 370 — Cachar, India (not Certhia 1 The subspecies griseigularis and birgitae form the “griseigularis group”.—A. L. R. 2 C. s. anamensis (Baker, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 79) is a lapsus for assamensis. NECTARINIIDAE 215 lepida Latham, 1790, nor Certhia lepida Sparrman, 1787, both of which are preoccupied by Certhia malacensis Scopoli, 1786). Eastern Nepal and East Pakistan east to Assam, Burma (except extreme south), and northern Thailand; lowlands to 2,000 feet. Anthreptes singalensis internotus Deignan Anthreptes singalensis internotus Deignan, 1955, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68, p. 147 — Ban Khlua Klang, ca. lat. 11° 38’ N., long. 99° 36’ E., Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. Southern Burma (Tenasserim) and in Thailand in south- western and peninsular provinces south to Isthmus of Kra and east across southern plains to Bangkok. ——Anthreptes singalensis koratensis (Kloss) Chalcoparia singalensis koratensis Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 218 — Lat Bua Khao, eastern Siam. Anthreptes singalensis stellae Deignan, 1950, Zoologica [New York], 35, p. 128 — Khao Saming, lat. 12° 21’ N., long. 102° 27’ E., Trat Province, Thailand. Eastern Thailand (eastern plateau and southeastern prov- inces) and eastward through Indochinese countries. ~~~-Anthreptes singalensis interpositus (Robinson and Kloss) Chalcoparia singalensis interposita Robinson and Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 209 — Taku- apa, west coast peninsular Siam. Peninsular Thailand, south of Isthmus of Kra. ~—Anthreptes singalensis singalensis (Gmelin) Motacilla singalensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 964 — Ceylon [error]; Malacca designed by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 21. Malay Peninsula. ~Anthreptes singalensis panopsius (Oberholser) Chalcoparia singalensis panopsia Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 60 (7), p. 21 — Tuanku Island, Ban- jak Islands, West Sumatra. Small islands west of Sumatra: Banjak Islands, Nias, and Tana Massa Island. 216 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Anthreptes singalensis sumatranus (Kloss) Chalcoparia singalensis sumatrana Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 209 — Mt. Talamau, 400 m., Ophir district, central Sumatra. Sumatra and Billiton Islands. Anthreptes singalensis pallidus (Chasen) Chalcoparia singalensis pallida Chasen, 1934, Bull. Raffles Mus., 9, p. 95—Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands. North Natuna Islands. ———Anthreptes singalensis borneanus (Kloss) Chalcoparia singalensis borneana Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 209— Bukar, Samarahan, Sarawak. Borneo and Banguey Island. ——Anthreptes singalensis phoenicotis (Temminck) Nectarinia phoenicotis Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 18, pl. 108, fig. 1 — Java and Sumatra. Java, except extreme west. Anthreptes singalensis bantenensis Hoogerwerf Anthreptes singalensis bantenensis Hoogerwerf, 1967, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 87, p. 7— Tjibunar, Udjung Kulon (West Java). Banten region, extreme western Java. ANTHREPTES LONGUEMAREI! ~——~ Anthreptes longuemarei longuemarei (Lesson) Cinnyris longuemarei Lesson, 1831, Illustr. Zool., pl. 23 — “Senegambia superior.” Senegal to Portuguese Guinea. ~—— Anthreptes longuemarei haussarum Neumann Anthreptes longmari haussarum Neumann, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 6 — Agome Tongwe, Togoland. Anthreptes longuemarei savannarum Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32, p. 13 — Buala, Uam, eastern New Cam- eroon. 1 Often spelled longmari. The species longuemarei, orientalis, and neglectus form a species group that merits study. NECTARINIIDAE Palit, Liberia eastward in savannas to southern Sudan (east to Bahr-el-Jebel), central Uganda, and north Kavirondo, Kenya. —~Anthreptes longuemarei angolensis Neumann Anthreptes longmari angolensis Neumann, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 6 — Duque de Braganca, Angola. Anthothreptes carruthersi Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 106 — 3,000 ft., west shore Lake Tan- ganyika. Middle Congo River and Angola (south to northern Huila) east through southern half of Congo and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) to Malawi (Nyasaland) (west of Nyasa-Shire Rift Valley) and western Tanzania (Tanganyika) north to Mwanza. —~ Anthreptes longuemarei nyassae Neumann Anthreptes longmari nyassae Neumann, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 7 — “Lahengula, Zomba” [= Zomba]. Southeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) (Dar-es-Salaam) to northern Mozambique, southeastern Malawi (Nyasaland) east to Nyasa-Shire Rift Valley and Mashonaland, and east- ern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia). ANTHREPTES ORIENTALIS ~~ Anthreptes orientalis orientalis Hartlaub Anthreptes orientalis Hartlaub, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 218 — Lado, on Bahr-el-Jebel [White Nile], Sudan. Anthreptes orientalis barbourt Friedmann, 1931, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 383 — Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory. Southern Sudan (from White Nile eastward), northern Uganda, central Ethiopia, and Somalia south through Kenya (in drier parts, except for range of newmanni) and eastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) to the Kilosa Area. Anthreptes orientalis neumanni Zedlitz Anthreptes longmari neumanni Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, pp. 73, 75 — Afgoi, southern Somaliland. Somalia and northeastern Kenya. ANTHREPTES NEGLECTUS ——Anthreptes neglectus Neumann Anthreptes longuemaret neglectus Neumann, 1922, Orn. 218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Monatsb., 30, p. 13 — Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Terri- tory. Southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania (Tangan- yika) to northern Mozambique; chiefly in evergreen forest. ANTHREPTES AURANTIUM Anthreptes aurantium Verreaux and Verreaux Anthreptes aurantium J. and E. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], ser. 2, 3, p. 417 — Gabon. Southern Nigeria to lower Congo River and northeastern Angola, and eastward across Congo to Uelle and Ituri for- ests; along forested river banks. ANTHREPTES PALLIDIGASTER Anthreptes pallidigaster Sclater and Moreau Anthreptes pallidigaster Sclater and Moreau, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 56, p. 17 — Sigi Valley, 4 miles east of Amani, northeastern Tanganyika Territory. Sokoke forest, eastern Kenya to Usambara, northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; lowlands to 3,000 feet. ANTHREPTES PUJOLI Anthreptes pujoli Berlioz Anthreptes pujoli Berlioz, 1958, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 30, p. 494 — Sérédou, 45 km. south of Macenta, “Haute-Guinée Francaise.” Known only from the type, from ex-French West Africa, at about lat. 8° N., long. 9° 30’ W. ANTHREPTES RECTIROSTRIS —~Anthreptes rectirostris rectirostris (Shaw) Certhia rectirostris Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 246 —no locality ; Gambia designated by Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 709; amended to Ashanti, Gold Coast, by Bannerman, 1948, Birds Trop. West Africa, 6, p. 242. West Africa from Sierra Leone to Ghana (Gold Coast). ——Anthreptes rectirostris tephrolaema (Jardine and Fraser) N{ectarinia] tephrolaemus Jardine and Fraser, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 154— Clarence, Fernando Po. Anthreptes tephrolaema elgonensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 112 — Kaimosi, Nandi. NECTARINIIDAE 219 Fernando Po; Niger River delta to northern Angola and east through Congo forests to extreme southern Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya. Anthreptes rectirostris rubritorques Reichenow Anthreptes rubritorques Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 181 — Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara, Ger- man East Africa. Usambara and Nguru Mountains, northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; evergreen forests, 3,000 to 5,000 feet. ANTHREPTES COLLARIS Anthreptes collaris hypodilus (Jardine and Fraser) N{[ectarinia] hypodilus Jardine and Fraser, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 1538 — Clarence, Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. Anthreptes collaris subcollaris Hartlaub Nectarinia subcollaris Hartlaub (ex Reichenbach MS), 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 52 — Senegal, error; Por- tuguese Guinea designated by Bannerman, 1948, Birds Trop. West Africa, 6, p. 236. Anthreptes collaris nigeriae White, 1950, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 70, p. 43 — Owerri, southeast Nigeria. Portuguese Guinea south to Niger Delta area. ——Anthreptes collaris somereni Chapin Anthreptes collaris somereni Chapin, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 69, p. 88 — Anda, Lake Azingo, Gaboon. Extreme southeastern Nigeria to northwestern Angola and east across Congo to southwestern Sudan, Lake Albert, and Semleki Valley. ——Anthreptes collaris garguensis Mearns Anthreptes collaris garguensis Mearns, 1915, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, p. 389 — Mt. Gargues, 7,100 ft., northern Kenya. Anthreptes collaris ugandae van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 113 — Maraquet. Anthreptes collaris phillipi White, 1950, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 70, p. 41 — Lofu River, Northern Rhodesia. Southeastern Sudan, Uganda, central western Kenya (intergrading with elachior in central Kenya), northwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika), southeastern Congo, Zambia 220 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD (Northern Rhodesia) (except southeast), and eastern Angola. Anthreptes collaris jubaensis van Someren Anthreptes collaris jubaensis van Someren, 1932, Novit. Zool., 37, p. 358 — Hellesheid, Juba River. Anthreptes collaris djamdjamensis Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 16 — Alghe, southern Abyssinia. Southern Ethiopia and Juba River area of Somalia and Kenya. ~~Anthreptes collaris elachior Mearns Anthreptes collaris elachior Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56 (14) p. 5— Changamwe, near Mombasa. Anthreptes collaris teitensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 118 — Teita. Eastern Kenya (except north) and northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; also islands of Manda, Zanzibar, and Mafia. ~ Anthreptes collaris zambesianus (Shelley) Anthodiaeta zambesiana Shelley, 1876, Monog. Nectarinii- dae, p. 343, pl. 111 — Shupanga, in the Zambesi [Shire River, southern Nyasaland]. Anthodiaeta collaris chobiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Trans- vaal Mus., 15, p. 32 — Kasane, Chobe River, Bechuana- land. Southern Tanzania (Tanganyika) to Zambezi River Val- ley and west to southeastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) and northern Bechuanaland. Anthreptes collaris patersonae Irwin Anthreptes collaris patersoni [sic] Irwin, 1960, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 80, p. 65— Holdenby, 2,200 ft., lower Pungwe River, eastern Southern Rhodesia [named for Miss Mary Paterson]. Anthreptes collaris patersonae Irwin, 1960, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 80, p. 112; emendation (also spelled patter- soni and pattersonae in text, p. 112). Eastern highlands of Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) and adjacent Mozambique. Anthreptes collaris beverleyae Irwin Anthreptes collaris beverleyae Irwin, 1961, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 106 — Sentinel Ranch, lat. 22° 08’ S., long. 29° 30’ E., Limpopo River, Southern Rhodesia. NECTARINIIDAE 221 Upper and middle drainage area of Limpopo River, Rho- desia (Southern Rhodesia) and adjacent Mozambique, east- ern Bechuanaland, and northern Transvaal. Anthreptes collaris zuluensis (Roberts) Anthodiaeta collaris zuluensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Trans- vaal Mus., 14, p. 248 — Mkuzi River, east of Ubombo, northern Zululand. Northeastern Zululand, southern Mozambique, eastern Swaziland, and eastern Transvaal. —— Anthreptes collaris collaris (Vieillot) Cinnyris collaris Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 502 — Gamtoos [Cape Province]. Eastern Cape Province to Natal, southern Zululand, and western Swaziland. ANTHREPTES PLATURUS —~Anthreptes platurus platurus (Vieillot) Cinnyris platurus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 501 — Senegal. Hedydipna platura karamojoensis van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 93 — Mt. Kamalinga, Kara- mojo, Uganda. Senegal through southern Sahara to southern Sudan and south to Sierra Leone, northern Nigeria, northern Cam- eroons, extreme northeastern Congo, northern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya; some north and south migration. —_ Anthreptes platurus metallicus (Lichtenstein) Nectarinia metallica Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, p. 15 — Dongola, Sudan. Nectarinia muelleri Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 38 — Yeshbum. Hedydipna platura adiabonensis Zedlitz, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 59 — Melissai, Adiabo Plains, north- western Abyssinia. Hedydipna danakilensis Madarasz, 1915, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, 13, p. 296 — Assab, Red Sea coast. Central Sudan, northern Ethiopia, and British Somaliland north to Egypt (the Delta and Suez); also southwestern Arabia (from near Mecca to Yemen, Aden, and western Hadhramaut). 222 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS HYPOGRAMMA REICHENBACH Hypogramma Reichenbach, 1853, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, Tenuirostres, continuatio no. XI, p. 314. Type, by monotypy, Anthreptes nuchalis Blyth = Nectarinia hypogrammica Miiller. HYPOGRAMMA HYPOGRAMMICUM ~~ Hypogramma hypogrammicum lisettae (Delacour) Anthreptes hypogrammica lisettae Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 22 — Col des Nuages, Annam. Northern Burma, northern Thailand, and northern and central Indochinese countries. Hypogramma hypogrammicum mariae (Deignan) Anthreptes hypogrammica mariae Deignan, 1943, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 56, p. 30 — Arboretum of Trang Bom, Province of Bienhoa, Cochin-China. Southern part of Indochinese Peninsula. Hypogramma hypogrammicum nuchale (Blyth) Anthreptes nuchalis Blyth, 1848 (post Nov.), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 980 — Singapore. Southern Burma and peninsular provinces of Thailand, from Isthmus of Kra, south over Malay Peninsula. ———Hypogramma hypogrammicum hypogrammicum Miller Nectarinia hypogrammica S. Miiller, 1848, Land. Volk., in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 173 — Sumatra and Borneo. Anthreptes hypogrammica intensior Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 27 — Balingean, Sarawak. Sumatra and Borneo. Hypogramma hypogrammicum natunense (Chasen) Anthreptes macularia natunensis Chasen, 1985, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 10, p. 43 — Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands. North Natuna Islands. GENUS NECTARINIA ILLIGER Nectarinia Illiger, 1811, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium, p. 210. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 12), Certhia famosa Linnaeus. NECTARINIIDAE 22 Cinnyris Cuvier, 1817, Régne Animal, 1, p. 411. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 19), Certhia splendida Shaw, 1811 = Certhia coccinigaster Latham, 1801. Chalcostetha Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 103. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 19), Nectarinia pectoralis Temminck = Nectarinia calcostetha Jardine. Anthobaphes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 103. Type, by mconotypy, Certhia violacea Linnaeus. Leptocoma Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 104. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia hasseltii Temminck = Certhia brasiliana Gmelin. Cyrtostomus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 105. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 19), Certhia jugularis Linnaeus. Arachnechthra Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 105. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 19), Certhia lotentia [error = lotenia] Linnaeus. Chalcomitra Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 277. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 1387), Certhia amethystina Shaw. Hermotimia Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 285. Type, by monotypy, Cinnyris aspasia Lesson = Cinnyris sericeus Lesson. Cyanomitra Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 291. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 187), Certhia cyanocephala Shaw. Elaeocerthia Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 292. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 1387), Cinnyris veroxu Smith. Drepanorhynchus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 56. Type, by original designation, Drepano- rhynchus reichenowi Fischer. Anabathmis Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 467. Type, by subsequent designation, Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 707, Nectarinia reichenbachii Hartlaub. Helionympha Oberholser, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 28, 224 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 929. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris necta- rinioides Richmond. Dreptes Reichenow, 1914, Journ. f. Orn., 62, p. 488. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia thomensis Bocage. Baptothorax Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 251. Type (of subgenus), by original designation, Chalcomitra gutturalis (Linnaeus) = Certhia gutturalis Linnaeus. Sclaterornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 251. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia arturi Sclater. Shelleyia Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 252. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris shelleyi Alex- ander. Maricornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 252. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris mariquensis Smith. Eremicinnyris Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 252. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris fusca [sic] Vieillot. | Notiocinnyris Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 253. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris afer [sic] (Linnaeus) = Certhia afra Linnaeus. Microcinnyris Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 253. Type (of subgenus), by original designation, Certhia chalybeus [sic] Linnaeus. Eucinnyris Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 253. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris leucogaster Vieillot = Certhia venusta Shaw and Nodder. Aethocinnyris Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 254; lapsus for Notiocinnyris, see Roberts, 1925, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 10, p. 86. Haagneria Roberts, 1924, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 10, p. 86. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris olivacea Smith. Cheimocinnyris Roberts, 1924, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 10, p. 115 (in key), 179 (designation of type). Type, by original designation, Cinnyris talatala Smith. cf. Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, pp. 309-310 (jugu- laris, part; clementiae group). Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 164 (jugularis, buttikoferi, and solaris relationships). Williams, 1950, Ibis, pp. 645-7 (moreaui and loveridget relationships) . NECTARINIIDAE 225 Williams, 1951, Ibis, pp. 579-595 (review johnston). Rand, 1951, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 31, pp. 597-607 (jugularis, part; island variation in Philippines). Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100, pp. 428-429 (hartlaubi, newtoni, thomensis relation- ships). Williams, 1953, Ibis, p. 503 (races of sowimanga). Williams, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, pp. 8-11 (mediocris) . Salomonsen, 19538, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, pp. 253-260 (sperata in Philippines). Williams, 1955, Condor, 57, pp. 249-262 (habessinica). Clancey and Williams, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, pp. 27-41 (bifasciata and allies). Macdonald, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 78, pp. 7-9 (chalybea and its problems). Rand, Friedmann, and Traylor, 1959, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 41, pp. 378-879 (congensis a species). Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, pp. 91-97 (notata, humbloti, comorensis, coquerellt) . Traylor, 1962, Publ. Cult. Co. Diamantes Angola, Lisboa, no. 58, pp. 114-119 (status of bannermani and verti- calis and of venusta, talatala and oustaleti). Mees, 1965, Ardea, 53, pp. 38-56 (races of sericea). NECTARINIA SEIMUNDI Nectarinia seimundi seimundi (Ogilvie-Grant) Cinnyris seimundi Ogilvie-Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 23, p. 19 — “Fernando Po and West Africa . . .”; type from Banterbari, Fernando Po, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 711. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. Nectarinia seimundi kruensis (Bannerman) Cinnyris kruensis Bannerman, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 23 — Nanna Kru, Liberia. Western Africa from Sierra Leone to Ghana (Gold Coast). —— Nectarinia seimundi traylori Wolters Anthreptes seimundi minor Bates, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 107 — Sanaga River, north of Yaounde, Cameroon. Nectarinia seimundi traylori Wolters, 1965, Journ. f. Orn., 226 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD 106, p. 357. New name for A. s. minor Bates, 1926, pre- occupied by Cinnyris angolensis minor Oustalet, 1893, = Cinnyris rubescens Vieillot, 1819. From Nigeria (Mbarakpa) and Cameroons to northern Angola and east to eastern Congo and Uganda (Entebbe). NECTARINIA BATESI —— Nectarinia batesi (Ogilvie-Grant) Cinnyris batesi Ogilvie-Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 23, p. 19 — River Ja, Cameroons, and Camma River, Gaboon. Fernando Po, and from southern Nigeria to Cameroons and Gabon; also Semliki Valley, eastern and southern Congo, and extreme northwestern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). NECTARINIA OLIVACEA Nectarinia olivacea obscura Jardine N.[ectarinia] obscurus Jardine, 18438, Nectariniadae, in Nat. Library, 13, p. 253 — Fernando Po. Fernando Po and Principé, Gulf of Guinea. —_— Nectarinia olivacea guineensis (Bannerman) Cyanomitra obscura guineensis Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 135 — Nanna Kru, Liberia. Forest from Portuguese Guinea to Ivory Coast, inter- grading with cephaelis in Ghana (Gold Coast). —— Nectarinia olivacea cephaelis (Bates) Cinnyris (Cyanomitra) olivaceus cephaélis Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 51, p. 52 — Bitye, southern Cam- eroon. Ghana (Gold Coast) and southern Nigeria to Angola (Benguella) and east across Congo (except southeast) to Semliki Valley. —- Nectarinia olivacea ragazzii (Salvadori) Eleocerthia ragazzii Salvadori, 1888, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26, p. 247 — Foresta di Fekerie-ghem, Scioa. Cyanomitra olivacea lowet Vincent, 1934, Ibis, p. 91 — Kafulafuta River, Northern Rhodesia. Cyanomitra olivacea vincenti Grant and Mackworth— Praed, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 64, p. 18 — Kapen- guria, west Suk, northwestern Kenya. NECTARINIIDAE 2251 Southern Sudan and central Ethiopia south through western Kenya, Uganda and western Tanzania (Tangan- yika) to northern Malawi (Nyasaland), southeastern Congo, and northern part of Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), intergrading with alfredi near Lusaka. ~~ Nectarinia olivacea neglecta (Neumann) Cyanomitra obscura neglecta Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 297 — Kibuesi, Ukamba, Kenya. Cyanomitra olivacea chyulu van Someren, 1939, Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 120 — Chyulu Mountains, 7,000 feet, southern Kenya. Central Kenya (Aberdare Mountains and Nairobe) to north-central Tanzania (Tanganyika) (Loliondo to Kili- manjaro), intergrading with alfredi southward. ~~ Nectarinia olivacea changamwensis (Mearns) Cyanomitra changamwensis Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56 (14), p. 4 — Changamwe (near Mombasa). Cyanomitra olivacea puguensis van Someren, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 86 — Kilindoni Forest, Mafia Island, Tanganyika. Coastal Kenya and Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; Mafia Island. Nectarinia olivacea granti (Vincent) Cyanomitra olivacea granti Vincent, 1934 (Jan.), Ibis, p. 91 — Pemba Island. Cyanomitra olivacea pembae Granvik, 1934 (May), Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 25, p. 142 — Pemba Island. Pemba and Zanzibar islands, eastern Africa. —— Nectarinia olivacea alfredi (Vincent) Cyanomitra olivacea alfredi Vincent, 1934, Ibis, p. 90 — Namuli Mountain, 4,600 ft., Quelimane Province, Portu- guese East Africa. Central southern Tanzania (Tanganyika), interior Mo- zambique north of the Zambezi, Malawi (Nyasaland) (ex- cept extreme north), and adjacent Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). Nectarinia olivacea olivacina Peters Nectarinia olivacina Peters, 1881, Journ. f. Orn., 29, p. 50 — Inhambane. Coastal plains of Mozambique and Zululand. 228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD —— Nectarinia olivacea olivacea (Smith) Cinnyris olivaceus A. Smith, 1840, Ill. Zool. South Africa, text to pl. 57, footnote — Kafirland ... eastward... toward Port Natal [= Durban]. Cinnyris olivaceus daviest Haagner, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 11 — Pondoland. Central Natal, below 3,000 feet, and south to coastal Pondoland. Nectarinia olivacea sclateri (Vincent) Cyanomitra olivacea sclateri Vincent, 1934, Ibis, p. 90 — Chirinda Forest, 3,900 ft., Southern Rhodesia. Eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) and immediately adjacent Mozambique, above 1,000-2,000 feet. NECTARINIA URSULAE Nectarinia ursulae (Alexander) Cyanomitra ursulae Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 38 — Mt. St. Ysabel, Fernando Po. Fernando Po and from 3,200 to 6,500 feet in mountains of Cameroons (Mt. Cameroon, Kupe Mountain, Rumpi Hills). NECTARINIA VEROXII1 Nectarinia veroxii fischeri (Reichenow) Cinnyris fischeri Reichenow, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 142 — Mozambique. Coastal eastern Africa from Somalia to northern Natal. Nectarinia veroxii zanzibarica (Grote) Chalcomitra veroxii zanzibarica Grote, 1932, Ibis, p. 350 — Zanzibar Island. Zanzibar Island. —— Nectarinia veroxii veroxii (Smith) Cinnyris veroxii A. Smith, 1831, South African Quart. Journ., ser. 1, no. 5, p. 13 — Cafferland [= eastern Cape Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 702]. Eastern Natal (from southern Zululand) south to eastern Cape Province (Algoa Bay) ; up to about 2,500 feet. 1 Sometimes erroneously emended to verreauxi or verroxti. — A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE 229 NECTARINIA BALFOURI ~~ ~Nectarinia balfouri (Sclater and Hartlaub) Cinnyris balfourt Sclater and Hartlaub, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 169, pl. 15, fig. 2 — Socotra. Socotra Island. NECTARINIA REICHENBACHII ~~ Nectarinia reichenbachii Hartlaub Nectarinia reichenbachii Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 50 — Gabon. Ghana (Gold Coast) to lower Congo River and east across Congo to Uele and Kivu districts. NECTARINIA HARTLAUBII Nectarinia hartlaubii Hartlaub Nectarinia hartlaubti Hartlaub (ex Verreaux MS), 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 50 — “Angola” [= Principé, see Dohrn, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 326]. Principé, Gulf of Guinea. NECTARINIA NEWTONII Nectarinia newtonii (Bocage) Cinnyris newtonii Barboza du Bocage, 1887, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1, 11 (1886), p. 250 — S. Thomé. Sao Thomé, Gulf of Guinea. NECTARINIA THOMENSIS Nectarinia thomensis Bocage Nectarinia thomensis Barboza du Bocage, 1889, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2, 1, p. 143 — St. Miguel, St. Thomé. Sao Thomé, Gulf of Guinea. NECTARINIA ORITIS Nectarinia oritis poensis (Alexander) Cyanomitra poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 38 — Bilelipi, Fernando Po. Higher elevations on Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. 230 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD —~ Nectarinia oritis oritis (Reichenow) Cinnyris oritis Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 191 — Buea, 950 m., Mt. Cameroon. Mount Cameroon, 4,000-7,000 feet. Nectarinia oritis bansoensis (Bannerman) Cyanomitra oritis bansoensis Bannerman, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 8 — Banso Mountains, 6,000 ft., north of Kumbo, Nigerian-Cameroons highlands. Cameroons highlands (Kupé, Manenguba, Bamenda, and Oku) and Tibati plateau. NECTARINIA ALINAE —~ Nectarinia alinae alinae (Jackson) Cyanomitra alinae Jackson, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 94 — Ruwenzori. Central Africa from highlands west of Lake Albert and on slopes of Ruwenzori, from 6,000-8,000 feet, to Kigezi in southwestern Uganda. - Nectarinia alinae tanganjicae Reichenow Chalcomitra verticalis tanganjicae Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 128 — forests northwest of Lake Tanganyika. Not a homonym of the differently spelled Cinnyris tanganyikae Grant, 1907, =Nectarinia bou- viert. Cinnyris alinae vulcanorum Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 426 — western Kivu volcanoes at 2,400 m. Central Africa in highlands west of Lake Edward and on forested mountains on both sides of Lake Kivu and in Ruanda; also mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika south to Kabobo; 5,500-8,500 feet. NECTARINIA BANNERMANI Nectarinia bannermani Grant and Mackworth-Praed Cyanomitra verticalis bannermani Grant and Mackworth-— Praed, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 63 — Kayoyo, southern Belgian Congo. Nectarinia sororia Ripley, 1960, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 43, p. 2—42 km. northeast, Duque de Braganga, Melange District, Angola. NECTARINIIDAE 231 Central Angola to northwestern Zambia (Northern Rho- desia) (Mwinilunga area) and extreme southwestern Congo (western Katanga). NECTARINIA VERTICALIS — Nectarinia verticalis verticalis (Latham) Certhia verticalis Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 298 — Africa; restricted to Senegal by Sclater and Mackworth— Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 622. Upper Guinea from Senegal to Nigeria. Nectarinia verticalis bohndorffi (Reichenow) Cinnyris bohndorffi Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 214 — Leopoldsville, Congo. Cameroons to northern Angola (except for range of cy- anocephala) and east in Congo to Ubangi Shari, Kasai, and Sankuru. ~~ Nectarinia verticalis cyanocephala (Shaw) Certhia cyanocephala Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 203 — Malimba, Portuguese Congo. Coastal Gabon to mouth of Congo River. —— Nectarinia verticalis viridisplendens (Reichenow) Cinnyris viridisplendens Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, pp. 54, 1382 — Bukoba, on Lake Victoria. Chalcomitra verticalis niassae Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 174 — Rutenganio, Kondeland, north of Lake Nyasa. Western Kenya, southern Sudan, and eastern Congo south to northern Malawi (Nyasaland) and northeastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). NECTARINIA CYANOLAEMA —_— Nectarinia cyanolaema magnirostrata (Bates) Cinnyris cyanolaemus magnirostratus Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 51, p. 53 —Sandaru, Kono District, Sierra Leone. Western Africa from Sierra Leone and adjacent French Guinea eastward, presumably intergrading with octaviae in Ghana. 232 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD —Nectarinia cyanolaema cyanolaema Jardine and Fraser N.[ectarinia] cyanolaemus Jardine and Fraser, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 154 — Clarence, Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. Nectarinia cyanolaema octaviae (Amadon) Cyanomitra cyanolaema octaviae Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100, p. 427 — Efulen, Cameroons. Western and central Africa from Ghana and southern Nigeria to northern Angola and east through Congo (except in southeast) to Uganda. NECTARINIA FULIGINOSA — ~— Nectarinia fuliginosa aurea (Lesson) Cinnyris aureus Lesson, 1847, Descr. Mamm. Ois., p. 271 —no locality; Liberia designated by Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 44. Coastal areas from Liberia to Nigeria, Cameroons, and Gabon. Nectarinia fuliginosa fuliginosa (Shaw) C[erthia] fuliginosa Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 222 — Malimba, Portuguese Congo. Cinnyris fuliginosa nigrescens Oustalet, 1893, Naturaliste, 15, p. 126 — Brazzaville, French Congo. Portuguese Congo and lower Congo River inland to Stanley Pool and Kwamouth, and south to central Angola. NECTARINIA RUBESCENS Nectarinia rubescens stangerii! Jardine Nectarinia stangerii Jardine, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 187, pl. 13 — Niger River; error = Fer- nando Po, see Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100, p. 429. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. Nectarinia rubescens crossensis (Serle) Chalcomitra rubescens crossensis Serle, 1963, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 83, p. 118 — Mamfe, lat. 5° 45’ N., long. 9° 20’ E., 400 ft., Federal Republic of Cameroun. Cross River to near Bamenda in former British Cameroons (based on two males; mutants?). 1 Sometimes emended to strangert.— A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE Zoo ~——.Nectarinia rubescens rubescens (Vieillot) Cinnyris rubescens Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 506 — Kingdom of Congo and Cacongo. Cinnyris angolensis Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., p. 295 — coast of Angola. Cinnyris angolensis minor Oustalet, 1893, Naturaliste, 15, p. 126 — Brazzaville, French Congo. Cinnyris angolensis kakamegae van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 113— Kakamegoes, western Kenya. Western Africa from Mount Cameroon area to northern Angola and east to northwestern Zambia (Northern Rho- desia) (Mwinilunga area) and across Congo (except south- east) to northwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika), Uganda, western Kenya, and southwestern Sudan. NECTARINIA AMETHYSTINA ——Nectarinia amethystina kalckreuthi (Cabanis) Cinnyris (Chalcomitra) kalckreuthi Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, pp. 205, 227 — Mombassa. Cinnyris bradshawi Sharpe, 1898, Ibis, p. 137 — Witu, Kenya. A mutant, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 699. Southern Somaliland, eastern Kenya and northeastern coastal area of Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; intergrading west- ward with doggetit. ——Nectarinia amethystina doggetti (Sharpe) Cinnyris doggetti Sharpe, 1902, Ibis, p. 116 — Ravine, 7,600 ft., Kenya. Western Kenya, southeastern Sudan, and northeastern Uganda south to central northern Tanzania (Tanganyika). —— Nectarinia amethystina kirkii (Shelley) Cinnyris kirkit Shelley, 1876, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 2738, pl. 85 — Zambezi district; probably Shupanga, lower Zambezi Valley, ca. lat. 35° 30’ E., fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 699. Chalcomitra bootht Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 8 — Songea, southwestern Tanganyika Territory. Central Tanzania (Tanganyika), southeastern Congo south to lower Zambezi Valley, Rhodesia (Southern Rho- desia), and eastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). 234 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ——Nectarinia amethystina deminuta (Cabanis) Chalcomitra deminuta Cabanis, 1880, Orn. Centralbl., 5, p. 148 — West Africa; restricted to Malandje, An- gola, by Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 459. Southwestern Congo, central and western Zambia (North- ern Rhodesia), and northwestern Bechuanaland (inter- grading and interdigitating with kirkii) west to Angola and former Moyen Congo. —— Nectarinia amethystina amethystina (Shaw) Certhia amethystina Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 195 — Cape of Good Hope. Southern Mozambique and northeastern Transvaal to eastern and southern Cape Province. NECTARINIA SENEGALENSIS —— Nectarinia senegalensis senegalensis (Linnaeus) Certhia senegalensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 186 — Senegal. Senegal to northern Ghana and northern Nigeria. —— Nectarinia senegalensis acik Hartmann Nectarinia acik Hartmann, 1866, Journ. f. Orn., 14, p. 205 — Djur, i.e., Bahr-el-Ghazal Province. Chalcomitra adamauae Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 127 — Adamaua. Northern Cameroons to northeastern Congo, southwestern Sudan, and northwestern Uganda. —-Nectarinia senegalensis cruentata Riippell Nectarinia cruentata Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-ost.-Afr., p. 26, pl. 9 — Simen Province, northern Abyssinia. Southeastern Sudan, Ethiopia (except arid thorn savanna in extreme south) and Eritrea. ——Nectarinia senegalensis lamperti (Reichenow) Cinnyris senegalensis lamperti Reichenow, 1897, Journ. f. Orn., 45, p. 196 — “Moschi am Kilimandscharo.” Cinnyris aequatorialis Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 — Bukoba, Lake Victoria, Tanganyika. Chalcomitra senegalensis atra Mearns, 1915, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, p. 888 — Thika River, 20 miles above junction with Tana River, Kenya. NECTARINIIDAE Zan Chalcomitra senegalensis erythrinae Stoneham, 1933, Bull. Stoneham Museum, 14, p. 3— Trans Nzoia District, Kenya. Central Uganda, eastern Congo from Lake Albert south- ward to northwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika) and eastward to central Kenya, and central northern Tanzania (Tangan- yika). ——Nectarinia senegalensis gutturalis (Linnaeus) Certhia gutturalis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 186 — “Brasilia”; emended to southeastern Cape Province by Vincent, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, Dome Cinnyris gutturalis saturatior Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 160 — Angola. Cinnyris gutturalis inaestimata Hartert, 1899, in Ansorge, Under the African Sun, app., p. 351 — East Africa; type from Dar-es-Salaam, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 701. Chalcomitra borgerti Reichenow and Neumann, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 182 — Mnyussi, at foot of east Usam- bara Mountains. Coastal Kenya, northeastern and central Tanzania (Tan- ganyika), southern Congo, and Angola south to eastern Cape Province, Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), northern Bech- uanaland, and northern South West Africa. ——Nectarinia (senegalensis) hunteri (Shelley) Cinnyris huntert Shelley, 1889, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 365, pl. 41, fig. 2 — Useri River, east of Mt. Kiliman- jaro, Kenya-Tanganyika boundary. Somalia, extreme southern Ethiopia, northern Kenya (west to Turkwell and Suk), eastern Kenya lowlands (Tsavo, Useri River, but not coastal area south of Lamu), and east of Kilimanjaro in northeastern Tanzania (Tangan- yika) ; in arid thorn savanna. NECTARINIA ADELBERTI ——Nectarinia adelberti adelberti (Gervais) Cinnyris adelberti Gervais, 1834 (July), Mag. Zool. [Paris], 3 (1833), cl. 2, pl. 19 — Senegal [?]. Sierra Leone to Ghana (Gold Coast). 236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD _ Nectarinia adelberti eboensis Jardine Nectarinia eboensis Jardine (ex Thompson MS), 1843, Nectariniadae, in Nat. Library, 13, p. 244 — Eboe [= Abo], Niger River. Togoland to southeastern Nigeria. NECTARINIA ZEYLONICA Nectarinia zeylonica flaviventris (Hermann) Certhia flaviventris Hermann, 1804, Observ. Zool., p. 136 — Tranquebaria. Nectarinia zeylonica whistleri Ripley, 1946, Spolia Zey- lanica, 24, p. 238 — Muddur, Mysore. Peninsular India north to Bombay district in west and East Pakistan in east; lowlands to 3,500 feet. ~~ Nectarinia zeylonica zeylonica (Linnaeus) Certhia zeylonica Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 188 — Ceylon. Ceylon; lowlands to 4,000 feet. NECTARINIA MINIMA Nectarinia minima (Sykes) Cinnyris minima Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 99 — Ghauts, Dukhun. Western India from Greater Bombay south to Kerala (? and Ceylon) ; foothills to 7,000 feet. NECTARINIA SPERATA! Nectarinia sperata emmae (Delacour and Jabouille) Leptocoma braziliana emmae Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 135 — Island of Phu- Quoc, coast of Cochin-China. Southern part of Indochinese peninsula. -~Nectarinia sperata brasiliana (Gmelin) Certhia brasiliana Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 474 — Brasilia; error, emended to Java, by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 18. Nectarinia hasseltiti Temminck, 1825, Pl. Col., livr. 63, pl. 376, fig. 3 — Java. 1 N. sperata and sericea form a superspecies. — A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE Zonk Cinnyris brasiliana oenopa Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 18 — Mojeia River, Nias Island. Cinnyris brasiliana hypolampis Oberholser, 1921, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19 — South Pagi Island. Southeastern and southern Thailand west to central western Burma, southwestern Assam, and southern East Pakistan, and south over Malay Peninsula; also Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo) and associated small islands, except in range of mecynorhyncha, eumecis, and axantha. Nectarinia sperata mecynorhyncha (Oberholser) Cinnyris brasiliana mecynorhyncha Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19 — Simalur Island. Simalur Island, off western Sumatra. Nectarinia sperata eumecis (Oberholser) Cinnyris brasiliana eumecis Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 98, p. 63 — Pulo Siantan, Anamba Islands. Anamba Islands. Nectarinia sperata axantha (Oberholser) Cinnyris brasiliana axantha Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 114 — Pulo Midei, Natuna Islands. Natuna Islands. ~—— Nectarinia sperata sperata (Linnaeus) Certhia sperata Linnaeus, 1766; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 186 — Philippine Islands; restricted to Manila by Salomon- sen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, Dazoo: Cinnyris sperata manuelt Salomonsen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 114, p. 356 — Karlagan, Polillo Island. Cinnyris sperata minima Salomonsen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 114, p. 356 — Limot, Mati Municipality, Davao Province, Mindanao; pre- occupied by Cinnyris minima Sykes, 1832. Cinnyris sperata trochilus Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 256 — Tala- cogon, Agusan Province, eastern Mindanao. Maratua Island off eastern Borneo, Palawan group, and Philippines on islands large and small from central (Laguna 238 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD de Bay) and southern Luzon through central Philippines to eastern Mindanao (south to eastern part of Davao Gulf). Nectarinia sperata thereseae Gilliard Nectarinia sperata thereseae Gilliard, 1950, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 94, p. 500 — Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon. Philippine Islands, from Bataan eastward across central Luzon; probably a band of “hybridization,” perhaps un- stable, between red-backed sperata and black-backed henket. ~—~Nectarinia sperata henkei (Meyer) Cinnyris henkei A. B. Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 207, pl. 7— East Indies, probably in the North Celebes—North Borneo-—Philippine area; restricted to northern Luzon by Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 255. Philippine Islands in Babuyan Islands and northern Luzon, south to Zambales, Bulacan, northern Rizal, and northern Quezon [= Tayabas] Provinces. Nectarinia sperata davaoensis Delacour Nectarinia sperata davaoensis Delacour, 1945, Zoologica [New York], 30, p. 115 — Martina, Davao, southeast- ern Mindanao. Davao City, and probably northwestward in Mindanao; zone of “hybridization” between red-breasted sperata and yellow-breasted juliae. —~ Nectarinia sperata juliae (Tweeddale) Nectarophila juliae Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lon- don, p. 547 — Malanipa Island, Basilan Straits (op. cit., p. 536). Western and southern Mindanao (east in south to western side of Davao Gulf) ; Basilan and Sulu Archipelago. NECTARINIA SERICEA ~ Nectarinia sericea talautensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Hermotimia talautensis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 244 — Talaut Islands (Kabruang and Salibabu). Talud Islands (Karakelong and Salebaboe), northeast of Celebes. NECTARINIIDAE 239 ~~ Nectarinia sericea sangirensis (Meyer) Chalcostetha sangirensis Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 124 — Sangi Island. Sangihe Islands (Sangihe and Siaoe), north of Celebes. ~~ Neetarinia sericea grayi Wallace Nectarinia grayi Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 479 — Menado. Celebes, on northern peninsula. ~— Nectarinia sericea porphyrolaema Wallace Nectarinia porphyrolaema Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 479 — Macassar. Hermotimia meyeri Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 43. New name for H. p. scapulata Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896 (not scapulata Rochebrune, 1885). Cinnyris sericea tonkeana Stresemann, 1938, Orn. Mo- natsb., 46, p. 48. New name for H. meyeri Sharpe, 1909 (not C. f. meyeri Hartert, 1897). Nectarinia sericea wigglesworthi Delacour, 1944, Zoolog- ica [New York], 29, p. 27. New name for H. meyeri Sharpe, 1909 (not C. f. meyeri Hartert, 1897). Celebes, except northern peninsula; also adjacent small islands of Moena, Boeton, and Togian. ~~Nectarinia sericea auriceps Gray Nectarinia auriceps G. R. Gray, 1860, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, p. 348 — Batchian [= Batjan] and Ternate. Peleng Island (east of Celebes) and northern Moluccas from Sula Islands to Obi and Halmahera groups, except for range of auricapilla. Nectarinia sericea auricapilla Mees Nectarinia sericea auricapilla Mees, 1965, Ardea, 53, p. 50 — Kajoa Island. Kajoa Island, west of Halmahera, northern Moluccas. ~ Nectarinia sericea proserpina Wallace Nectarinia proserpina Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 32 — Bouru. Buru Island (west of Ceram), southern Moluccas. ~~ Nectarinia sericea aspasioides Gray Nectarinia aspasioides G. R. Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 348 — Amboyna. 240 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chalcostetha chlorocephala Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6, p. 78 — Wokan, Isole Aru. Southern Moluccas on Ceram, Ambon, and nearby small islands, Goram group, and Aru Islands. Nectarinia sericea chlorolaema (Salvadori) Chalcostetha chlorolaema Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6, p. 77 — Isole Kei. Hermotimia theresia Salvadori, 1874, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 10, pp. 208, 214, fig. 1. New name for C. chloro- laema Salvadori, 1874, thought to be preoccupied. Kei Islands, extreme southeastern Moluccas. ~~ Nectarinia sericea sericea (Lesson) Cinnyris sericeus Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd. Levrault) , 50, p. 21 — near Dorey, New Guinea. Cinnyris aspasia Lesson and Garnot, 1828, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 7, pl. 30, fig. 4; 15 (1830), p. 676 — around harbor of Dorey, New Guinea. Cinnyris sericea olympia Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 150 — Misol. Cinnyris sericea vicina Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869, p. 5 — Simbang, Huon Gulf, Mandated Terri- tory of New Guinea. Cinnyris sericea bergmani Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Ark. f. Zool., 8, p. 353 — Pulu Adi, off south coast of Bomberai Peninsula, Dutch New Guinea. Whole of New Guinea mainland, at low altitudes, and adjacent islands of Karkar, Manam, Japen, Adi, Misol, and Gag. Nectarinia sericea mariae Ripley Nectarinia sericea mariae Ripley, 1959, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 38, p. 18 — Kofiau Island, Netherlands New Guinea. Kofiau Island, west of New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea cochrani (Stresemann and Paludan) Cinnyris sericeus cochrani Stresemann and Paludan, 1932 (Jan.), Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 15 — Waigeu. Waigeu Island, northwest of New Guinea. ~ Nectarinia sericea maforensis (Meyer) Chalcostetha aspasia var. maforensis A. B. Meyer, 1874, NECTARINIIDAE 241 Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 123 — Mafoor [Numfor] Island. Numfor Island, Geelvink Bay, western New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea salvadorii (Shelley) Cinnyris salvadorii Shelley, 1877, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 105, pl. 35, fig. 2 — “‘Ansus, Jobi” [error?]. Probably small islands off coast of western Japen Island or Meos War, Geelvink Bay, western New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea nigriscapularis (Salvadori) Hermotimia nigriscapularis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 9837 — Miosnom [Meos Num] Island. Meos Num Island and Rani Island (8 miles south of Biak), Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea mysorensis (Meyer) Chalcostetha aspasia var. mysorensis A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss, Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 124 — Misori [Biak] Island. Biak Island, off Geelvink Bay, western New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea veronica Mees Nectarinia sericea veronica Mees, 1965, Ardea, 53, p. 46 — Liki, Koemamba Islands. Liki Island, off north coast of western New Guinea. Nectarinia sericea cornelia (Salvadori) Hermotimia cornelia Salvadori, 1878, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 13, p. 319 — Tarawai Island. Tarawai Island, off north coast of New Guinea, west of mouth of Sepik River. ——~. Nectarinia sericea christianae (Tristram) Cinnyris christianae Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 555 — St. Aignan’s [= Misima] Island. Southeastern Papuan Archipelago from Goodenough Island and the Trobriands to Woodlark and Tagula [Sudest] Islands. Nectarinia sericea caeruleogula Mees Nectarinia sericea caeruleogula Mees, 1965, Ardea, 53, p. 48 — Kinigunan, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain. New Britain and Rooke Island. 242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ——Nectarinia sericea corinna (Salvadori) Hermotimia corinna Salvadori, 1878, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 13, p. 532 — Duke of York Island. Bismarck Archipelago on New Ireland, New Hanover, Tabar, Lihir, and Duke of York Islands. Nectarinia sericea eichhorni (Rothschild and Hartert) Cinnyris sericeus eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 41 — Feni Island. Feni Island, east of New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. NECTARINIA CALCOSTETHA Nectarinia calcostetha Jardine Nectarinia pectoralis Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 23, pl. 188, fig. 3— Java; preoccupied by Cinnyris pec- toralis Vieillot, 1819, and N. pectoralis Horsfield, 1821. Nectarinia calcostetha Jardine, 1843, Nat. Libr., Ornith., 13, p. 263 — “E. Ind. Islands?’; restricted to Java, by Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, 10, 2743) Chalcostetha calcostetha pagicola Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 17 — North Pagi Island. Chalcostetha calcostetha heliomarpta Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 229 — Simalur Island, West Sumatra. Chalcostetha calcostetha siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 297 — Siberut Island, West Sumatra Islands. Chalcostetha calcostetha proxima Riley, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 40, p. 141 — Pulo Derawan, northeast Borneo. Chalcostetha calcostetha halitypa Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 110 — Brian Island, near Sir- hassen Island, Natuna Islands. Southern Burma (southern Tenasserim), southern Thai- land, and southern Indochinese Peninsula south over Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and nearby small islands, including West Sumatra Islands, Natuna Islands, and Maratua Islands; also Balabas and Palawan, Philippine Islands. NECTARINIA DUSSUMIERI Nectarinia dussumieri Hartlaub Nectarinia dussumiert Hartlaub, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 340 — Seychelle Islands. NECTARINIIDAE 243 Cinnyris mahei Nicoll, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 106 — Mahé, Seychelle Islands. Seychelle Islands. NECTARINIA LOTENIA Nectarinia lotenia hindustanica (Whistler) Cinnyris lotenia hindustanicus Whistler, 1944, Spolia Zeylanica, 23, p. 199 — Kumta, North Kanara, southern India. Peninsular India from Bombay and Andhra southward; plains to 4,000 feet. “~ Nectarinia lotenia lotenia (Linnaeus) Certhia lotenia Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 188 — Ceylon. Ceylon; up to 4,000 feet (occasionally to 7,000 feet). NECTARINIA JUGULARIS ~Nectarinia jugularis andamanica (Hume) Arachnechthra andamanica Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 404 — Andaman Group. Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Nectarinia jugularis klossi (Richmond) Arachnechthra klossi Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 297 — Great Nicobar. Cyrtostomus pectoralis blanfordi Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 71 — Kondol Island. Northern Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal. Nectarinia jugularis proselia (Oberholser) Cinnyris ornata proselia Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 2830 — Car Nicobar Island. Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal. ~~ Nectarinia jugularis flammaxillaris Blyth Nectarinia fammazillaris Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 557 — Tenasserim Provinces. New name for “N. jugularis Vieillot apud Jardine” Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 979, preoccupied by Certhia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766. Leptocoma flammazillaris annamensis Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 68 — Nhatrang. Burma, north to Arakan and Southern Shan States, east across Thailand to southern part of Indochinese Peninsula and south in Malay Peninsula to Penang. 244 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nectarinia jugularis rhizophorae (Swinhoe) Arachnechthra rhizophorae Swinhoe, 1869, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 4, p. 436 — Hainan. Hainan Island and central Annam. ~~ Nectarinia jugularis ornata (Lesson) Nectarinia pectoralis Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13 (1821), p. 167 — Java; preoccupied by Cin- nyris pectoralis Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 497 = N. afer Linnaeus, 1766. Cinnyris ornatus Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd. Levrault), 50, p. 15 — Java (based on Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., pl. 138, figs. 1 and 2). Cinnyris ornata microleuca Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 55, p. 273— Pulo Taya, off southeastern coast of Sumatra. Cinnyris ornata heliobleta Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 280 — Tanjong Dungun, Treng- ganu, Federated Malay States. Cinnyris ornata heliomanis Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13, p. 231 — Salintukan, eastern Borneo. Cinnyris ornata heliozeteta Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 231 — Tanjong Rengsam, Banka Island, southeastern Sumatra. Cinnyris ornata zapega Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 112 — Pulo Subi, Natuna Islands. Malay States north to Penang (intergrading with flam- maxillaris) ; Sumatra and adjacent small islands (except Engano); Borneo and adjacent small islands; Java and adjacent islands of Kangean and Bawean; Lesser Sunda Islands from Bali to Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Lomblen. Ji Nectarinia jugularis polyclysta (Oberholser) Cinnyris ornata polyclysta Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 18 — Engano Island. Engano Island, off western Sumatra. ~ Nectarinia jugularis aurora (Tweeddale) Cyrtostomus aurora Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 620 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Palawan group (Palawan, Calamianes, Cuyon group, Cagayan Islands), Philippine Islands. NECTARINIIDAE 245 Nectarinia jugularis obscurior (Ogilvie-Grant) Cinnyris obscurior Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 50 — northern Luzon. Northern Luzon south at least to Union and Nueva Viziaya Provinces. ~~ Nectarinia jugularis jugularis (Linnaeus) Certhia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 185 — Philippine Islands. Cyrtostomus dinagatensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 18, p. 5 — Dinagat, Dinagat Island, Philip- pine Islands. Cyrtostomus jugularis mindanensis Mearns, 1908, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, p. 443 — Zamboanga, western Mindanao. Cinnyris picta Hachisuka, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 54, p. 52 — Atong Atong Plantation, northwestern Basilan; type an artifact composed largely of this species, see Ripley, 1950, Condor, 52, pp. 165-166. Central Philippine Islands from southern Luzon (north to Manila) and Mindoro south to Mindanao and Basilan; a variable subspecies but further subdivision impractical. Nectarinia jugularis woodi (Mearns) Cyrtostomus jugularis woodt Mearns, 1909, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, p. 444 — one of the “Three Islands” south of Sibutu Island, Sulu Archipelago. Sulu Archipelago. Nectarinia jugularis meyeri (Hartert) Cinnyris frenata meyeri Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 156 — northern Celebes. Celebes, except range of platent. ' ~Nectarinia jugularis plateni (Blasius) Cyrtostomus frenatus var. plateni Blasius, 1885, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2, p. 289, pl. 12 — southern Celebes. Cinnyris frenata dissentiens Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 152 — Indrulaman, southern Celebes. Celebes in south of central part and on southern peninsula. Nectarinia jugularis saleyerensis (Hartert) Cinnyris frenata saleyerensis Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 156 — Saleyer Island. Saleyer Island, south of Celebes. 246 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nectarinia jugularis infrenata (Hartert) Cinnyris infrenata Hartert, 19038, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 29 — Tomia, Tukang Besi Islands. Tukangbesi Islands, southeast of Celebes. Nectarinia jugularis robustirostris Mees Nectarinia jugularis robustirostris Mees, 1964, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 66, p. 23 — Soela Besi. Sula (Soela) Islands, east of Celebes. ~~Nectarinia jugularis teysmanni! (Biittikofer) Cinnyris teysmanni Biittikofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 179 — “Macassar” ; error = Djampea, fide Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 168. Djampea (Tana Jampea) and Kalao Islands, between Celebes and Flores. Nectarinia jugularis buruensis (Hartert) Cinnyris zenobia buruensis Hartert, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 12 — Bara, Buru Island. Buru Island, southern Moluccas. Nectarinia jugularis clementiae (Lesson) Cinnyris clementiae Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd. Levrault), 50, p. 18 — Soya Mountains, Amboine. Cinnyris zenobia Lesson, 1830, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, p. 679 — Amboine. Southern Moluccas from Ceram and Amboina to Watubela Islands, where intergrades with keiensis. Nectarinia jugularis keiensis (Stresemann) Cinnyris zenobia marginata Berlepsch, 1913 (before May), Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., 34, p. 494 — Great Kei. Not Cinnyris marginatus Ogilvie-Grant = Cinnyris minullus Reichenow. Cinnyris clementiae keiensis Stresemann, 1913 (June), Novit. Zool., 20, p. 309 — Add (on Great Key Island [= Nuhu Jud]). Kei Islands, extreme southeastern Moluccas. Nectarinia jugularis idenburgi (Rand) Cinnyris jugularis idenburgt Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. 1 Sometimes spelled tezjsmanni.— A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE 247 Novit., no. 1072, p. 12 — Bernhard Camp, 50 m., Iden- burg River, north New Guinea. Lowlands of upper Mamberamo River system northern New Guinea. ~~ Nectarinia jugularis frenata Miiller Nectarinia frenata S. Miller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Tem- minck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 173 — west coast of New Guinea; re- stricted to Lobo, Triton Bay, by Mathews, 1927, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 733. Nectarinia australis Gould, 1850, in Jardine, Contrib. Orn., p. 160 [= 106] — no locality [= Port Molle, Queens- land: ci=..0D: Ct. Ds OU). Cinnyris frenata olive: Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 891 — Cairns, north Queensland. Cinnyris frenata macgillivrayi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 97 — Cape York, north Queensland. Cyrtostomus frenatus hachisuka Mathews, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 67 — Obi Island. Cyrtostomus frenatus olivaceus Mathews, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 68 — Goodenough Island. Not Cinnyris olivaceus Smith, 1840. Cyrtostomus frenatus valia Mathews, 1929, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 11. New name for C. f. olivaceus Mathews, preoccupied. Northern Moluccas, western Papuan Islands, Aru Islands, islands in Geelvink Bay, mainland New Guinea (except range of idenburgi) D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago, and northeastern Queensland, Australia. ™ Nectarinia jugularis flavigaster Gould Nectarinia flavigastra Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 104 — New Ireland. Cinnyris frenata flava Heinroth, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 85 — Neupommern (New Britain). Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands. NECTARINIA BUETTIKOFERI Nectarinia buettikoferi (Hartert) Cinnyris bittikofer: Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 581 — Sumba Island. Sumba Island, Lesser Sunda Islands. 248 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD NECTARINIA SOLARIS ~Nectarinia solaris degener (Hartert) Cinnyris solaris degener Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 214 — Flores. Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, and Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Nectarinia solaris solaris Temminck Nectarinia solaris Temminck, 1825, Pl. Col., livr. 58, pl. 347, fig. 3 — Amboine; error = Timor, see Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 214. Timor and Samau, Lesser Sunda Islands. Nectarinia solaris exquisita (Hartert) Cinnyris solaris exquisita Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 214 — Wetter Island. Wetar Island, Lesser Sunda Islands. NECTARINIA ASIATICA “~Nectarinia asiatica brevirostris Blanford Nectarinia (Arachnechthra) brevirostris Blanford, 1873, Ibis, p. 86 — “[Persian] Baluchistan near Jalk, Dizak, Bampur, etc.” Southeastern Arabia (Muscat and Oman) ; southeastern Iran (from Laristan) eastward to eastern Afghanistan, southern Kashmir, western Punjab, western Rajasthan, and Great Rann of Kutch; lowlands to 5,000 feet; may be only winter visitor in lower, southeastern part of range. Nectarinia asiatica asiatica! (Latham) Certhia asiatica Latham, 1790, Index Orn. 1, p. 288 — India; restricted to Gurgaon by Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 3, p. 396. India from Great Rann of Kutch to Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, and Sikkim, south throughout peninsular India and Ceylon; lowlands to 7,500 feet. ~~ Nectarinia asiatica intermedia (Hume) Al[rachnechthra] intermedia Hume, 1870, Ibis, p. 436 — Tipperah, eastern Bengal. 1 Two senior synonyms (cinera Miiller, 1776, and currucaria Lin- naeus, 1776) are invalid as forgotten names; fide Art. 28b, Intern. Code Zool. Nomencl., 1961. — A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE 249 Leptocoma asiatica hachisukat Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 185 — Kompong- Thom, sea level, Cambodia. East Pakistan, Assam, and Burma, east across Thailand to Indochinese Peninsula. NECTARINIA SOUIMANGA ~~ Nectarinia souimanga souimanga (Gmelin) Certhia sovimanga Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 471 — Madagascar. Madagascar (except range of apolis) and Gloriosa Island to northwest. ~~. Nectarinia souimanga apolis (Hartert) Cinnyris souimanga apolis Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 428 — west coast of Madagascar. Subdesert of southwestern Madagascar. Nectarinia souimanga aldabrensis (Ridgway) Cinnyris aldabrensis Ridgway, 1895, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17 (1894), p. 372 — Aldabra Island. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Archipelago. Nectarinia souimanga abbotti (Ridgway) Cinnyris abbott: Ridgway, 1895, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17 (1894), p. 372 — Assumption Island. Assumption Island, Aldabra Archipelago. Nectarinia souimanga buchenorum (Williams) Cinnyris sovimanga buchenorum Williams, 1953, Ibis, 95, p. 502, pl. 5— Menai Island, lat. 9° 41’ 20” S., long. A7° 32’ 12” K., Cosmoledo Islands, Aldabra Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Islands of Cosmoledo group, Aldabra Archipelago. NECTARINIA HUMBLOTI Nectarinia humbloti humbloti (Milne-Edwards and Oustalet) Cinnyris humbloti Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 220 — Great Comoro. Great Comoro Island. 250 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nectarinia humbloti mohelica (Stresemann and Grote) Cinnyris humbloti mohelica Stresemann and Grote, 1926, Orn. Monatsb., 34, p. 147 — Moheli. Moheli Island, Comoro Islands. NECTARINIA COMORENSIS ~~ Nectarinia comorensis (Peters) Cinnyris comorensis Peters, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 161 — Anjouana [= Johanna] Island. Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands. NECTARINIA COQUERELLII Nectarinia coquerellii Hartlaub Nectarinia coquerellii Hartlaub (ex J. Verreaux MS), 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 90 — no locality; Mayotte Island designated by Schlegel, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 421. Mayotte Island, Comoro Islands. NECTARINIA VENUSTA ~ Nectarinia venusta venusta (Shaw and Nodder) Certhia venusta Shaw and Nodder, 1799, Nat. Misc., 10, pl. 369 — Sierra Leone. Cinnyris leucogaster Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 515 — “Timor”; Benguella erroneously substituted by Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 691; here restricted to Cape Vert, Senegal, fide Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 108. Cinnyris melanoceneon Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 192 — Tibati in Adamaua. Senegal to Liberia, Nigeria, and northern Cameroons. “~~ Nectarinia venusta falkensteini (Fischer and Reichenow) Cinnyris falkensteini Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 56 — Lake Navasha, 1,500-2,000 m. Clinnyris| alffinis] stierlingt Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 — Uhehe. Clinnyris|] al[ffinis] niassae Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 — Nyasaland. Cinnyris cyanescens Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 — Zanzibar, Mpapua. Cinnyris kuanzae Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, NECTARINIIDAE 251 p. 192 — Angola; type from Malandje, northern An- gola, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 693. New name for C. angolensis Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 (not Cinnyris angolensis Lesson, 1830). Gabon and northern Angola east through southern Congo (south of forest) and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) (except south of about lat. 16° S.), to lower Zambezi valley of Mo- zambique, between long. 29° and 32° E., and eastern high- lands of Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), then north to Tan- zania (Tanganyika) and north-central Kenya. Nectarinia venusta igneiventris (Reichenow) Cinnyris igneiventris Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 171 — Karagwe, Tanganyika. Uganda and extreme eastern Congo highlands; from west of Lake Albert south to north end of Lake Tanganyika. Nectarinia venusta fazoglensis Heuglin Cinnyris affinis Riippell, 1835-40, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p. 87, pl. 31, fig. 1 — in valleys of Abyssinian coast near Massaua and on route to Taranta Pass; not Certhia affinis Shaw, 1811 =Certhia sperata Linneaeus. Nectarinia fazoglensis Heuglin, 1871, Orn. Nordost. Afr., Nachtr., 2, p. 70— Quamsmil and Singué south of Fazogl (op. cit., 1, pp. 283-234). Central eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, except ex- treme south. Nectarinia venusta blicki (Mearns) Cinnyris venusta blicki Mearns, 1915, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, p. 386 — south shore of Lake Stefanie, north- ern British East Africa [= southwestern Ethiopia]. C.[innyris| venustus sukensis van Someren, 1932, Novit. Zool., 37, p. 354 — Turkwell River. Northwestern Kenya, southern Ethiopia, and adjacent Sudan (variable intergrading populations between white- bellied albiventris and the three yellow-bellied races adja- cent). “~ Nectarinia venusta albiventris Strickland Nectarinia albiventris Strickland, 1852, in Jardine, Con- trib. Orn., p. 42, pl. 86 — Ras Hafun, Italian Somali- land. 252 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Somalia, eastern and southern Ethiopia, and northern and eastern Kenya, in arid thorn savannas. NECTARINIA TALATALA! ~~ ~Nectarinia talatala (Smith) Cinnyris talatala A. Smith, 1836, Rept. Exped. Centr. Africa, p. 53 — between Orange River and Kurrichaine. Cinnyris leucogaster lumbo van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 118 — Lumbo, northern Mozambique. Nectarinia talatala aresta Clancey, 1962, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 190 — near Eshowe, Zululand. Southern Angola and South West Africa east through Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) (few records north of lat. 13° S.) and northern part of Bechuanaland to southeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika), Mozambique, and Natal. NECTARINIA OUSTALETI Nectarinia oustaleti oustaleti Bocage Nectarinia oustaleti Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 254 — Caconda, Huila, Angola. Central and southern Angola (Huila to Cuanza Sul and northern Bie). Nectarinia oustaleti rhodesiae (Benson) Cinnyris oustaleti rhodesiae Benson, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 106 — Kasama, Northern Rhodesia. Northern part of Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), from Kasama to Tanzania (Tanganyika) border. NECTARINIA FUSCA - Nectarinia fusca (Vieillot) Cinnyris fuscus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 506 — Great Namaqualand. Southern Africa from coastal Angola (Benguella) south to Little Namaqualand of western Cape Province and inland to western Orange Free State. 1 leucogaster of authors, including Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 46.—A. L. R. NECTARINIIDAE 253 NECTARINIA CHALYBEA ~~ Nectarinia chalybea pintoi Wolters Nectarinia intermedia Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 210 — Caconda, [Huila,] Angola. Nectarinia chalybea pintot Wolters, 1965, Journ. f. Orn., 106, p. 357. New name for N. intermedia Bocage, pre- occupied by Avrachnechthra intermedia Hume, 1870, = Nectarinia asiatica intermedia. Central Angola, below 6,000 ft., to southeastern Congo and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) (except southeast) west of Luangwa Valley. Nectarinia chalybea gertrudis (Grote) Cinnyris chalybeus gertrudis Grote, 1926, Orn. Monatsb., 34, p. 183 — Songea, ca. lat. 10° 41’ S., long. 35° 38’ E., southwestern German East Africa. South-central and southwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika) (part) and northern Malawi (Nyasaland). Status doubtful; different from N. c. pintor? ~ Nectarinia chalybea manoensis (Reichenow) Cinnyris manoensis Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 200 — Missale, Mano area, west of Lake Nyasa. Cinnyris chalybeus bractiatus Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 146 — Fort Chiquaqua, Mashonaland. Cinnyris chalybeus zonarius Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, p. 146 — Zobué, lat. 15.36° S., long. 34.27° E., 2,900 ft., Portuguese East Africa-Nyasaland fron- tier. Cinnyris chalybeus namwera Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 146 — Mangoche Mountain, lat. 14.22° S., long. 35.32° E., 3,700 ft., Nyasaland. Southeastern Rhodesia (Northern Rhodesia) east of Luangwa Valley; southern Malawi (Nyasaland), northern Mozambique and part of adjacent Tanzania (Tanganyika) south to Zambia (Southern Rhodesia) ; above 3,000 feet only; hybridizes with pintoi and gertrudis. “~ Nectarinia chalybea subalaris (Reichenow) Cinnyris subalaris Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 170 — Pondoland. 254 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Notiocinnyris chalybeus capricornensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18 (1935-36), p. 256 — Zoutpans- berg (Wylies’ Poort), northeastern Transvaal. Transvaal to Zululand and Natal (2,000 to 6,000 feet) and south to eastern Cape Province (near Port Elizabeth). —— Nectarinia chalybea chalybea (Linnaeus) Certhia chalybea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 186 — Cape of Good Hope. Southern Cape Province, intergrading with albilateralis near Olifants River. Nectarinia chalybea albilateralis Winterbottom Nectarinia chalybea albilateralis Winterbottom, 1963, Ostrich, 34, p. 155 — Port Nolloth. Western Cape Province from Olifants River north to Orange River and inland to about Pofadder. NECTARINIA AFRA Nectarinia afra stuhlmanni (Reichenow) Cinnyris stuhlmanni Reichenow, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 61 — central Africa; “type undoubtedly from West Ruwenzori” (Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 252). Ruwenzori Range, 8,500 to 11,500 feet, central Africa. . Nectarinia afra graueri (Neumann) Cinnyris afra grauert Neumann, 1908 (Feb.), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 55 — western Kivu Volcanoes. Cinnyris schubotzi Reichenow, 1908 (Mar.), Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 47— “Lugege” Forest [= Rugege, Ruanda District, Congo]. Kivu Volcanoes (6,000 to 12,000 feet), Ruanda (6,000 feet and higher), and southwestern Uganda (Mt. Muhavura), central Africa. Nectarinia afra chapini (Prigogine) Cinayris (sic) afer chapini Prigogine, 1952, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 46, p. 411 [= 412] — Mt. Mohi, 28° 45’ E., PD? IS So, BAO) Toa, Mountains from west of Lake Edward to northwest of Lake Tanganyika, and Mt. Kabobo, central Africa. NECTARINIIDAE 255 Nectarinia afra prigoginei (Macdonald) Cinnyris afer prigoginet Macdonald, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 78, p. 9 — Sambwe, 6,100 ft., Marungu highlands, Congo. Southeastern Congo in Marungu highlands. Nectarinia afra whytei (Benson) Cinnyris afer whytet Benson, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 69, p. 19 — Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland. Nyika Plateau, above 6,000 feet, in Malawi (Nyasaland) and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). Nectarinia afra saliens Clancey Nectarinia afra saliens Clancey, 1962, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 188 — Embotyi, Lusikisiki district, Pondo- land, eastern Cape Province. Transvaal to interior Natal (above 2,000 feet) and south to eastern Cape Province. ~—~Nectarinia afra afra (Linnaeus) Certhia afra Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 186 — Cape of Good Hope. Western Cape Province east to Great Fish River. ~~ Nectarinia afra ludovicensis Bocage Nectarinea [sic] ludovicensis Barboza du Bocage, 1870, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 2 (1868), p. 41 — Biballa, Mossamedes, Angola (see Bocage, 1881, Orn. D’Angola, p. 169). Highlands of central Angola (central Huila and Mossa- medes to Cuanza Sur and western Malange), above 6,000 feet. NECTARINIA MEDIOCRIS Nectarinia mediocris mediocris (Shelley) Cinnyris mediocris Shelley, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 228 — Kilimanjaro, 12,000 ft. Cinnyris mediocris keniensis Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56 (14), p. 4— West Kenia Forest Station [Mt. Kenya], 7,500 ft., British East Africa. Cinnyris mediocris garguensis Mearns, 1915, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, p. 387 — Mt. Gargues, 7,100 ft., north of Guaso Nyiro River, British East Africa. 256 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Highlands of Kenya and northern Zambia (Tanganyika) south to Crater Highlands, Kilimanjaro, and northern Paré Mountains (some southern populations tend toward uwsam- barica). Nectarinia mediocris usambarica (Grote) Cinnyris mediocris usambaricus Grote, 1922, Orn. Monatsb., 30, p. 86— Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, West Usambara. Southeastern Kenya (Teita Hills) and northeastern Tan- zania (Tanganyika) (southern Paré and Usambara Moun- tains only). ~~ Nectarinia mediocris fuelleborni (Reichenow) Cinnyris fiilleborni Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 7— Kalinga, German East Africa [Iringa district, Tanganyika]. Central Tanzania (Tanganyika) (Dabaga Highlands) south to Mafinga Mountains, northern Malawi (Nyasaland) and extreme northeastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). Nectarinia mediocris bensoni (Williams) Cynnyris (sic) mediocris bensoni Williams, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, p. 10 — Dedza Mountain, 7,000 ft., Nyasaland. Central and southern Nyasaland north to Nyika Plateau and adjacent Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), and east to the highlands of northern Mozambique. NECTARINIA PREUSSI ~~ Nectarinia preussi preussi (Reichenow) Cinnyris preussi Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 192 — Buea, Mt. Cameroon. Cinnyris genderuensis Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 8— Genduru Mountains, Adamaua. Nectarinia preussi parvirostris Hisentraut, 1965, Journ. f. Orn., 106, p. 219 — Refugio, 2,000 m., St. Isabel Peak, Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Mt. Cameroon, and Cameroons highlands, 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Nectarinia preussi kikuyensis (Mearns) Cinnyris reichenowi Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 444 — Sotik, East Africa. Preoccupied by Nectarinia reichenowi (Fischer), 1884. NECTARINIIDAE PASH Cinnyris reichenowi kikuyensis Mearns, 1915, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, p. 388 — Escarpment Station, 7,390 ft., Kikuyu Mountains, British East Africa. Cinnyris chloropygius var. pauwelsi Dubois, 1911, Rev. Franc. Orn., 2, p. 17 — Baraka, Lake Tanganyika. Central Africa mountains in eastern Congo (Lake Albert to northern Lake Tanganyika) and Mt. Kabobo east to southern Sudan, Uganda, and western Kenya; up to 8,000 feet. NECTARINIA NEERGAARDI Nectarinia neergaardi Grant Cinnyris neergaardi Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 983— Coguno, Inhambane District, Portuguese East Africa. Coastal area of southern Mozambique (Mambone and Inhambane) south to Zululand (St. Lucia). NECTARINIA CHLOROPYGIA Nectarinia chloropygia insularis (Reichenow) Cinnyris chloropygius insularis Reichenow, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p. 399 — Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. ~~ Nectarinia chloropygia kempi (Ogilvie-Grant) Cinnyris kempi Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 19, p. 329 — Sierra Leone; type from Bo, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 696. Sierra Leone to Ivory Coast. Nectarinia chloropygia chloropygia Jardine Nectarinia chloropygia Jardine, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 10, p. 188 — Niger River. ; Gold Coast to southern Nigeria. Nectarinia chloropygia luehderi (Reichenow) Cinnyris chloropygia liihderi Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 169 — Cameroons, Gabon, and Loango; type in Berlin Museum from Bipindi, Cameroons, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 697. Anthreptes ogilvie-granti Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 9 — River, Ja, Cameroons; (based on aberrant female). Cameroons to northwestern Angola and middle Congo, intergrading over a wide area with orphogaster. 258 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD -~Nectarinia chloropygia orphogaster (Reichenow) Cinnyris chloropygia orphogaster Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 169— central Africa (Bukoba, Insel Soweh, Sesse Inseln, Sotik) ; type in Berlin Museum from Bukoba, Lake Victoria, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 697. Cinnyris chloropygius uellensis Reichenow, 1912, Journ. f. Orn., 60, p. 321 — Koloka, Angu, and Amadi on Uelle River. | Forested northeastern Angola, southern Congo (Kasai), and eastern Congo to western Tanzania (Tanganyika), Uganda, and southern Sudan. Nectarinia chloropygia bineschensis (Neumann) Cinnyris chloropygia bineschensis Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 185 — Detschabessa, Binescho, west of Kaffa, southwestern Ethiopia. Only known from the type; status doubtful; perhaps re- lated to or identical with N. preussi kikuyensis. NECTARINIA MINULLA Nectarinia minulla amadoni Eisentraut Nectarinia minulla amadoni Hisentraut, 1965, Journ. f. Orn., 106, p. 218 — San Carlos, Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. ~ Nectarinia minulla minulla (Reichenow) Cinnyris minullus Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 170 — Jaunde, Cameroons. Cinnyris marginatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 106 — Upper Congo, 2,000 ft. [= Lualaba River, below Kasongo, 2,000 ft., see Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 241]. Gold Coast to Gabon and Kasai district of Congo, east to Ituri and Semliki Forests of eastern Congo and adjacent Uganda (Bwamba District). NECTARINIA REGIA ~Nectarinia regia regia (Reichenow) Cinnyris regia Reichenow, 18938, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 32 — central Africa; restricted to western Ruanda by Gylden- stolpe, 1924, Kongl. Svensk Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1, p. 94; NECTARINIIDAE 259 amended to Ruwenzori by Schouteden, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 30, p. 166. Mt. Ruwenzori, 6,000 to 10,000 feet, central Africa. Nectarinia regia kivuensis (Schouteden) Cinnyris regius kivuensis Schouteden, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 30, p. 166 — Kivu Volcanoes. Highlands of central Africa in southwestern Uganda (Kigezi) and eastern Congo (from west of Lake Edward south through Kivu to Mt. Kabobo on west side of Lake Tanganyika) ; 5,000 to 10,000 feet. Nectarinia regia anderseni (Williams) Cinnyris regius anderseni Williams, 1950, Ibis, 92, p. 644 — Mahari Mountains, lat. 6° 20’ S., long. 29° 55’ E., ea. 6,000 ft., eastern shores of Lake Tanganyika, Tan- ganyika. Western Tanzania (Tanganyika) in forests of Kungwe- Mahari Mountains. NECTARINIA LOVERIDGEI ~ ~Nectarinia loveridgei loveridgei (Hartert) Cinnyris loveridget Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 49 — Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanganyika. Uluguru Mountains, eastern Tanzania (Tanganyika), 2,500 to 7,500 feet in forest and clearings. Nectarinia loveridgei moreaui (Sclater) Cinnyris mediocris moreaut W. L. Sclater, 19383, Ibis, p. 214 — Maskati Nguru Range, 6,000 ft., east-central Tan- ganyika. Nguru, Ukaguru, and Uvidunda Mountains, Kilosa area, eastern Tanzania (Tanganyika). NECTARINIA ROCKEFELLERI Nectarinia rockefelleri (Chapin) Cinnyris rockefelleri Chapin, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 570, p. 16 — Mt. Kandashomwa, at 9,000 ft., west of Ruzizi Valley, eastern Belgian Congo. Eastern Congo in high mountains west of Lake Kivu and Ruzizi Valley, and northwest of Lake Tanganyika; 8,500 to 10,000 feet. 260 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD NECTARINIA VIOLACEA ~~Nectarinia violacea (Linnaeus) Certhia violacea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 188 — Cape of Good Hope. Cape Province of South Africa from Little Namaqualand south to Cape Town and east to King William’s Town. NECTARINIA HABESSINICA Nectarinia habessinica kinneari (Bates) Cinnyris habessinicus kinneari Bates, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 120 — near Sail (east of Mecca). Western Saudi Arabia. Nectarinia habessinica hellmayri (Neumann) Cinnyris habessinica hellmayri Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 29— mountains north of Lahadsch (i.e., Lahej). Southern Arabian Peninsula in Yemen, Aden Protector- ate, and east to western Hadhramaut. ~~ Nectarinia habessinica habessinica Ehrenberg Nectarinia (Cinnyris) habessinica Ehrenberg, in Hemp- rich and Ehrenberg, 1828, Symb. Phys. Av., fol. a, pl. 4 — “ex ora Habessiniae ad Filet,” i.e., Eilet in Eritrea. Northeastern Sudan from Egyptian border south to Eri- trea and adjacent Ethiopia. \. —~Nectarinia habessinica alter (Neumann) Cinnyris habessinicus alter Neumann, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 7— Harrar and North Somaliland; restricted to Erigavo, lat. 10° 40’ N., long. 47° 25’ E., 6,500 ft., by Williams, 1955, Condor, 57, p. 252. Northern Somalia and adjacent Ethiopia. Nectarinia habessinica turkanae (van Someren) Cinnyris habessinicus turkanae van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 94 — Kohua River, Lake Rudolf, Turkana, Kenya. Southern Somalia, southern Ethiopia, and southeastern Sudan south to northeastern Uganda and northern Kenya. NECTARINIA BOUVIERI ~——~Nectarinia bouvieri (Shelley) Cinnyris bouvieri Shelley, 1877, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 227, pl. 70 — Landana, Enclave of Cabinda. NECTARINIIDAE 261 Cinnyris tanganyicae Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 105 — 4,000 ft., west shore of Lake Tan- ganyika. Irregularly distributed in savannas around rim of Congo forest; highlands of Cameroons east to Uelle district, and in Uganda, western Kenya, eastern and southwestern Congo, northwestern Angola, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) (Mwin- ilunga area), and Gabon; altitude varies locally, from sea level to a band of 4,000 to 6,000 feet. NECTARINIA OSEA ~—— Nectarinia osea decorsei (Oustalet) Cinnyris decorsei Oustalet, 1904, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 536 — Chari-Lake Chad region. Cinnyris osea butleri Sclater and Mackworth—Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 619 — Kajo Kaji, Lado Enclave. Lake Chad and Ubangi Shari area east to northern Congo (Upper Uelle), northwestern Uganda, southern Sudan, and Dafur. Nectarinia osea osea (Bonaparte) Cinnyris osea Bonaparte, 1856, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, p. 765 —“plaines de Jéricho,” Palestine. Southern Syria to Palestine; also occurs, perhaps only as winter visitor, in Arabia (from Medina south to Mecca and Jiddah), Yemen, Aden Protectorate, and western Hadhra- maut. NECTARINIA CUPREA —~ Nectarinia cuprea cuprea (Shaw) Certhia cuprea Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 201 — Malimba, Portuguese Congo. Cinnyris cupreus septentrionalis Vincent, 1936, Ibis, p. 60 — Mpumu, Uganda. Savanna and grassland west, north, and east of Congo forest from Senegal south to lower Congo River and east to Uelle, Ethiopia, extreme eastern Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, and western Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; intergrading x widely with chalcea in eastern part of range. ~ Nectarinia cuprea chalcea Hartlaub Nectarinia chalcea Hartlaub, 1862, Ibis, pp. 337, 341 — Cambambe, Quanza River, Angola. Cinnyris cupreus vaughan-jonesi White, 1944, Ostrich, 15, p. 187 — Kasempa, Northern Rhodesia. 262 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD South of Congo forest from extreme southeastern Congo (Katanga and Tanganyika Districts) to Malawi (Nyasa- land), the lower Zambezi, and Rhodesia (Southern Rhode- sia) (northeastern Mashonaland only), and west through Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) to central plateau of Angola. NECTARINIA TACAZZE ——Nectarinia tacazze tacazze (Stanley) Certhia tacazze Stanley, 1814, in Salt, Voyage Abyssinia, app. 4, p. 58— Abyssinia; probably from Tacazze River, northern Abyssinia, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683. Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia. -Nectarinia tacazze jacksoni Neumann Nectarinia jacksoni Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 24— Mau, British East Africa. Nectarinia takazze unisplendens Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 300 — Kifinika, 3,200 m., Kilimanjaro. Mountains of southern Sudan, eastern Uganda (Mt. Elgon and Morongola Mountains), western Kenya, and northeast- ern Tanzania (Tanganyika) (Meru, Kilimanjaro). NECTARINIA BOCAGII ——Nectarinia bocagii Shelley Nectarinia bocagit Shelley, 1879, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 21, pl. 6, fig. 2— Angola; type from Caconda, cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683. Western highlands of central and southeastern Angola and Kwango district of Congo. -NECTARINIA PURPUREIVENTRIS | ~ Nectarinia purpureiventris (Reichenow) Cinnyris purpureiventris Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 61— Migere, western Mpororo [= southwestern Uganda, cf. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 273]. Nectarinia barakae Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 8 — Ruwenzori. Nectarinia chloronota Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 90 — Ruwenzori. Central African mountains, above 5,000 feet, from Ruwen- NECTARINIIDAE 263 zori south to Kivu area and mountains west of north end of Lake Tanganyika. NECTARINIA SHELLEYI ——Nectarinia shelleyi hofmanni (Reichenow) Cinnyris hofmanni Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23, p. 91 — Magogoni, Rufu River, Tanganyika. Ruvu (Pangani) River to Morogoro area, eastern Tan- zania (Tanganyika). Nectarinia shelleyi shelleyi (Alexander) Cinnyris shelleyi Alexander, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 54 — Zambezi River, 60 miles below junction of Kafue-Zambezi rivers (Ibis, 1899, pp. 556, 642). Extreme southeastern Congo, southwestern Tanzania (Tanganyika), and northern Mozambique south to Malawi (Nyasaland) and eastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) east of about 26° E. NECTARINIA MARIQUENSIS ~-~Nectarinia mariquensis osiris Finsch Nectarinia osiris Finsch 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 7, p. 280 — Senafé, Abyssinia. Cinnyris mariquensis hawkeri Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 24 — Jifa Medir, Somaliland. Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia south to northern Kenya, northern Uganda, and southeastern Sudan. ~~ Nectarinia mariquensis suahelica (Reichenow) Cinnyris suahelica Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 161 — Tabora district, Tanganyika. Helionympha raineyi Mearns, 1911, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 56 (28), p. 1—Telek River, Sotik district, British East Africa. Eastern Ruanda in the Congo, central Uganda, and central Kenya south through central Tanzania (Tanganyika) to northeastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). ——Nectarinia mariquensis mariquensis (Smith) Cinnyris mariquensis A. Smith, 1836, Rept. Exped. Centr. Africa, p. 53 — north of Kurrichaine, western Trans- vaal. Cinnyris mariquensis ovamboensis Reichenow, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 1833 — Ovamboland. 264 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southern Angola and northern South West Africa, east to southwestern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), western and southwestern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) , Mozambique, and Natal; does not meet range of suahelica. NECTARINIA BIFASCIATA ~Nectarinia bifasciata bifasciata (Shaw) Certhia bifasciata Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 198 — Malimba, Portuguese Congo. Gabon to central Angola. Nectarinia bifasciata strophium (Clancey and Williams) Cinnyris bifasciatus strophium Clancey and Williams, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 39 — Manhica, Sul do Save, Portuguese East Africa. Zululand, eastern Transvaal, eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia) north to southern Mozambique, southern Malawi (Nyasaland), and southeastern Zambia (Northern Rhode- sia). ~~ Nectarinia bifasciata microrhyncha (Shelley) Cinnyris microrhyncha Shelley, 1876, Monog. Nectarinii- dae, p. 219, pl. 67 — Zanzibar Coast; type from Dar es Salaam, cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 689. Cinnyris schillingst Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 154 — west of Kilimanjaro. Northeastern Angola, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) (ex- cept southeast), northern Malawi (Nyasaland) and north- ern Mozambique north to southern Congo, central Uganda, and adjacent Congo, and southern and central Kenya; of local occurrence; also Zanzibar and Mafia Islands. —~Nectarinia (bifasciata) tsavoensis (van Someren) Cinnyris bifasciatus tsavoensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 196 — Tsavo. Northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika) (from north of Morogora) to lowlands of eastern Kenya (but not coastal area) and Juba River area of southern Somalia; apparently confined to arid thorn savanna. NECTARINIA PEMBAE ~~ Nectarinia pembae (Reichenow) Cinnyris pembae Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 180 — Pemba Island. Pemba Island, near Zanzibar. NECTARINIIDAE 265 NECTARINIA CHALCOMELAS Nectarinia chalcomelas (Reichenow) Cinnyris chalcomelas Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 482 —Kismaju, southern Somaliland. Cinnyris sheppardi Jackson, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 6 — Kiunga, near Lamu, British East Africa. Juba River area of Somalia south through lowlands of eastern Kenya. NECTARINIA COCCINIGASTRA ~~ Nectarinia coccinigastra (Latham) Certhia coccinigastra Latham, 1801, Gen. Synop. Birds, suppl. 2, p. 35 — Africa; restricted to Senegal by Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32, p. 71. Certhia splendida Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 191, pl. 26 — Africa. Senegal to northeastern Congo (Uelle) and extreme south- western Sudan and south in west to Cameroons and, perhaps formerly only, to Gabon and Cabinda. NECTARINIA ERYTHROCERCA ~~ Nectarinia erythrocerca Hartlaub Nectarinia erythrocercat Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 270 — no locality ; White Nile, south of lat. 8° N., designated by Sclater, ibid., following Heuglin, ibid. Cinnyris mariquensis kiwuensis Burger, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 181 — Lake Kivu. Nectarinia adolfi-friederici Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 81 — “Kissenje,” Lake Kivu. From southern Sudan to southern shores of Lake Victoria and west to north end of Lake Tanganyika, up to 6,400 feet; edges of lakes, marshes, rivers, and streams and also Euro- pean gardens. NECTARINIA CONGENSIS Nectarinia congensis van Oort Nectarinia congensis van Oort, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1 Sclater (1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 684) considers erythrocerca to be a misprint of “erythroceria.’”’ However, Heuglin’s nomen nudum for this taxon (1856, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Natur- wiss. Cl., 19, p. 272), which predates Hartlaub’s name, is spelled “erythrocerca’”’; there seems no reason to believe Hartlaub did not also intend the spelling to be “erythrocerca.’”’ — A. L. R. 266 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 54 — Boma, lower Congo; error, corrected to Irebu by Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, p. 268. Forested banks of upper Congo River from Lukolela up to Isangi at mouth of Lomami River, and Ubangi River, a Congo River tributary, to Impfondo. NECTARINIA PULCHELLA Nectarinia pulchella pulchella (Linnaeus) Certhia pulchella Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 187 — Senegal. Senegal to northern Gold Coast and east to Dafur and Kordofan in western Sudan. Nectarinia pulchella aegra Hartert Nectarinia pulchella aegra Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 122 — Timia, Asben, French Sahara. Southern Sahara in Air Massif area. _ Nectarinia pulchella lucidipectus Hartert Nectarinia pulchella lucidipectus Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 128 — Wad Medani, Blue Nile. Nile Valley of Sudan east to Eritrea and Ethiopia and south to northeastern Congo (Lake Albert area), Uganda, and northwestern Kenya. ~ Nectarinia pulchella melanogastra Fischer and Reichenow Nectarinia melanogastra Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 181 — Nguruman, Natron Lake. In drier areas from southern Kenya through central Tan- zania (Tanganyika) to southwestern Tanzania (Rukwa Valley). NECTARINIA NECTARINIOIDES ~—~ Neetarinia nectarinioides nectarinioides (Richmond) Cinnyris nectarinioides Richmond, 1897, Auk, p. 158 — plains east of Kilimanjaro. Lowlands of eastern Kenya from Guaso Nyiro south to extreme northeastern Tanzania (Tanganyika). Nectarinia nectarinioides erlangeri Reichenow Nectarinia erlangeri Reichenow, 1905, Vég. Afr., 3, p. 496 — Dolo, southern Somaliland. Nectarinia nectarinoides beveni van Someren, 1929, NECTARINIIDAE 267 Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 9, no. 35, p. 64 — Neboi, Dolo, Jubaland. Juba river area of Somalia. NECTARINIA FAMOSA ~ Nectarinia famosa cupreonitens Shelley Nectarinia cupreonitens Shelley, 1876, Monog. Necta- riniidae, p. 17, pl. 6 — Abyssinia and Senegambia; type from Abyssinia, fide Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Se pile Nectarinia subfamosa Salvadori, 1884, Ann. Civ. Mus. Genova, 21, p. 188 — Antotto, Shoa. Highlands in Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan. —~ Necetarinia famosa aeneigularis Sharpe Nectarinia aeneigularis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 444 — Sotik, Kenya. Nectarinia famosa centralis van Someren, 1916, Ibis, p. 446 — Lusasa, Ankole, Uganda. Nectarinia famosa vulcanorum Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 38— Mt. Sabinio, 2,600 m., Birunga Volcanoes, Kivu district. Highlands in Kenya, Uganda, and eastern edge of Congo and south to northern Malawi (Nyasaland). ~Nectarinia famosa major Roberts Nectarinia famosa major Roberts, 1936, Ostrich, 7, p. 110 — Weenen, Natal. Above 7,000 feet in mountains of western Natal and Basutoland ; migratory to lower altitudes in winter. — Nectarinia famosa famosa (Linnaeus) Certhia famosa Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 187 — Cape of Good Hope. Eastern mountains of Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), above 4,500 feet; Transvaal and Natal (below range of major) south to Cape Province. NECTARINIA JOHNSTONI . ~ Neetarinia johnstoni johnstoni Shelley Nectarinia johnstoni Shelley, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 227, pl. 14 — 11,000 ft., Kilimanjaro. 268 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nectarinia johnstoni idius Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56 (14), p. 3 — 14,000 ft., Mt. Kenya. Highlands of western Kenya (Mt. Kenya, 10,000-14,000 feet; Aberdare Range) and northern Tanzania (Tangan- yika) (Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru, north Paré Mountains at alt. 7,000 feet, and Mt. Olosirwa in Crater Highlands). Nectarinia johnstoni dartmouthi Ogilvie-Grant Nectarinia dartmouthi Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 117 —12,000-13,000 ft., eastern Ruwenzori; type from Mubuku valley, 13,000 ft., cf. Sclater, 19380, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 683. Mountains in eastern Congo (Ruwenzori Mountains, Kivu Volcanoes, and some of mountains west of Ruzizi Valley) and adjacent Uganda, from 9,000 to 14,800 feet. ~—~Nectarinia johnstoni nyikensis Delacour Nectarinia johnstoni nyikensis Delacour, 1944, Zoologica [New York], 29, p. 32. New name for Nectarinia salva- dori Shelley, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 61 — Kachera, 8,400 feet, Nyasaland; preoccupied by Cin- nyris salvador Shelley, 1877 = Nectarinia sericea salva- dori. Nyika Plateau in Malawi (Nyasaland) and Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), and Livingstone Mountains in south- ern Tanzania (Tanganyika), above 6,500 feet. NECTARINIA NOTATA ~—~ Nectarinia notata notata (Miiller) Certhia notatus P. L. S. Miiller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 99 — Madagascar. Madagascar. Nectarinia notata moebii (Reichenow) Cinnyris mobi Reichenow, 1887, Zool. Anz., 10, p. 370 — Great Comoro. Grand Comoro, Comoro Islands. Nectarinia notata voeltzkowi (Reichenow) Cinnyris voltzkowi Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 181 — “Mayotte”; corrected to Moheli by Reichenow, 1908, Vogel von Inseln Ostafrikas, p. 190, in Voeltzkow, Reise Ostafrika Jahren 1903-05, see Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, p. 92. Moheli, Comoro Islands. NECTARINIIDAE 269 NECTARINIA JOHANNAE ~~ Nectarinia johannae fasciata Jardine and Fraser Nectarinia fasciata Jardine and Fraser, 1852, Contrib. Orn., p. 59— West Africa; types from Abomey, Dahomey, fide Shelley, 1876, Monog. Nectariniidae, p. 199 ff. Sierra Leone to Dahomey. ~~ Nectarinia johannae johannae (Verreaux and Verreaux) Cinnyris johannae J. and EK. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], ser. 2, 3, p.514 [= 314] — Gabon. Cameroons to lower Congo and east across Congo to Ituri district, northwest corner of Lake Tanganyika, and central Kasai. NECTARINIA SUPERBA ~~ Nectarinia superba ashantiensis (Bannerman) Cinnyris superbus ashantiensis Bannerman, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 7 — Ashanti, Gold Coast. Sierra Leone to Ghana. Nectarinia superba nigeriae Rand and Traylor Nectarinia superba nigeriae Rand and Traylor, 1959, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 39, p. 272 —Ifon, Ondo, Nigeria. Southern Nigeria. ~~ Nectarinia superba superba (Shaw) Certhia superba Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 193 — Malimba [Portuguese Congo]. Southern Cameroons to Angola and western Congo. Nectarinia superba buvuma (van Someren) C.[innyris] superbus buvuma van Someren, 1932, Novit. Zool., 37, p. 352 — Buvuma Island, Lake Victoria. Eastern Congo to Uganda. NECTARINIA KILIMENSIS ~~ Nectarinia kilimensis kilimensis Shelley Nectarinia kilimensis Shelley, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 555 — 5,000 ft., Kilimanjaro. Highlands of eastern edge of Congo from near Lake Albert to Marungu Highlands near southeast corner, central Uganda, western Kenya, and Tanzania (Tanganyika), east to Mt. Kilimanjaro and south to Ufipa in extreme southwest. 270 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~—~Nectarinia kilimensis arturi Sclater Nectarinia arturi P. L. Sclater, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 30 — Wolverhampton, southern Melsetter district, Southern Rhodesia. Highlands from southern Tanzania (Tanganyika) to Malawi (Nyasaland) (west of Lake Nyasa), extreme north- eastern Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), and eastern border of Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia). ~Nectarinia kilimensis gadowi Bocage Nectarinia gadowi Barboza du Bocage, 1892, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2, 2, p. 256 — Galanga, interior Benguella [Huambo, Angola]. Highlands of central Angola. NECTARINIA REICHENOWI Nectarinia reichenowi lathburyi Williams Nectarinia reichenowi lathburyi Williams, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 76, p. 137 — Summit of Mt. Garguez [= Uraguess], lat. 0° 56’ N., long. 37° 24’ E., 7,100 ft., Mathews Range, Northern Frontier Province, Kenya. Mathews Range and Mt. Nyiro, Northern Frontier Prov- ince, Kenya. ~ Nectarinia reichenowi reichenowi (Fischer) Drepanorhynchus reichenowt Fischer, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 56 — 1,500-2,000 m., Lake Naivasha. Drepanorhynchus reichenowi alindert Laubmann, 1928, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 127 — 2,500 m., Mt. Elgon. Highlands of Kenya (except Northern Frontier Province) west to Mt. Elgon and southwestern Uganda, and south to highlands of northern Tanzania (Tanganyika), from 4,800 to 11,200 feet. Nectarinia reichenowi shellyae Prigogine Nectarinia reichenowi shellyae Prigogine, 1952, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 46, p. 414 — Lake Lungwe, lat. 28° 46’ E., long. 3° 3’ S., 2,750 m., Congo. Eastern Congo in mountains north and west of Lake Tan- ganyika, west of Ruzizi Valley, at over 7,000 feet. GENUS AETHOPYGA CABANIS Aethopyga Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 103. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 19), Certhia siparaja Raffles. NECTARINIIDAE 271 Urodrepanis Shelley, 1876, Monog. Nectariniidae, pt. 1, p. 80. Type, by monotypy and original designation, Aethopyga christinae Swinhoe. Eudrepanis Sharpe, 1877, in Shelley, Monog. Nectarini- idae, pt. 3, p. 88. Type, by monotypy and original desig- nation, Aethopyga pulcherrima Sharpe. Duyvena Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 87. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia duyvenboder Schlegel. Philippinia Hachisuka, 1941, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 11, p. 5. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Philippinia primigenius Hachisuka. ef. Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, pp. 21-28 (saturata). Ripley, 1950, Condor, 52, pp. 165-166 (primigenius). Ripley, 19538, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 51, pp. 691-696 (gouldiae and relatives). AETHOPYGA PRIMIGENIUS Aethopyga primigenius primigenius (Hachisuka) Philippinia primigenius Hachisuka, 1941, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 11, p. 6— Galog, 4,000 feet, Mt. Apo, Mindanao. Confined to upper slopes of Mt. Apo and Mt. McKinley in eastern Mindanao, and Mt. Katanglad in central Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga primigenius diuatae Salomonsen Aethopyga primigenius diuatae Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 275 — Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Agusan, Mindanao. Confined to upper slopes of Diuata Mountains, northeast- ern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. AETHOPYGA BOLTONI Aethopyga boltoni malindangensis Rand and Rabor Aethopyga boltont malindangensis Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 17 — Gandawan, 4,500-5,500 ft., Mt. Malindang. Mt. Malindang, between 3,500 and 7,450 feet, Zamboanga Peninsula, western Mindanao and Mt. Katanglad, central Mindanao, Philippine Islands. 272 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aethopyga boltoni boltoni Mearns Aethopyga boltoni Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, 18, p. 4— Mt. Apo, 6,250 ft., Mindanao. Restricted to above 4,000 feet on Mt. Apo and Mt. McKinley, eastern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. AETHOPYGA FLAGRANS Aethopyga flagrans decolor Parkes Aethopyga flagrans decolor Parkes, 1963, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 83, p. 8 — Cape Engano, northeasternmost Luzon. Extreme northeastern Luzon, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga flagrans flagrans Oustalet Aethopyga flagrans Oustalet, 1876, Journ. Institut, p. 108 — Lagune, Luzon. Western and southern Luzon and Catanduanes, Philip- pine Islands. ~ Aethopyga flagrans guimarasensis (Steere) Cinnyris guimarasensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 22 — Guimaras. Aethopyga flagrans daphoenonota Parkes, 1963, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 83, p. 8 — Luzuriaga, 4,500 ft. Cuernos de Negros, Negros Oriental, Negros, Philippines. Panay, Guimaras, and Negros, Philippine Islands. AETHOPYGA PULCHERRIMA ~~ Aethopyga pulcherrima jefferyi (Ogilvie-Grant) Eudrepanis jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 50 — mountains of northern Luzon. Highlands of Luzon, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga pulcherrima pulcherrima Sharpe Aethopyga pulcherrima Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 297 — Basilan. Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Mindanao, and Basilan, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga pulcherrima decorosa (McGregor) Eudrepanis decorosa McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2 (sec. A), p. 8330 — Guindulman, Bohol Island. Bohol, Philippine Islands. NECTARINIIDAE ae AETHOPYGA DUYVENBODEI Aethopyga duyvenbodei (Schlegel) Nectarinia duyvenbodeit Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 4, p. 14 — Sanghir Island. Sanghir Isiands, north of the Celebes. AETHOPYGA SHELLEYI ~ —— Aethopyga shelleyi flavipectus Ogilvie-Grant Aethopyga flavipectus Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 49 — mountains of northern Luzon. Luzon, Mindoro, and Polillo, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga shelleyi rubrinota McGregor Aethopyga rubrinota McGregor, 1905, Bur. Govt. Labora- tories, Manila, Publ. no. 25, p. 30 — Port Tilig, Lubang Island. Lubang Island, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga shelleyi bella Tweeddale Aethopyga bella Tweeddale, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 537 — Surigao, northern Mindanao. Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga shelleyi bonita Bourns and Worcester Aethopyga bonita Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., Occ. Papers, 1, p. 17 — Negros, Cebu, Masbate. Ticao, Masbate, Panay, Negros, and Cebu, Philippine Islands. Aethopyga shelleyi arolasi Bourns and Worcester Aethopyga arolasit Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., Occ. Papers, 1, p. 17 — Tawi Tawi and Sulu. Sulu Archipelago (Sulu, Tawi Tawi), Philippine Islands. Aethopyga shelleyi shelleyi Sharpe Aethopyga shelleyi Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 297 — Palawan. Balabac, Palawan, and Calamianes, Philippine Islands. AETHOPYGA GOULDIAE - ~~ Aethopyga gouldiae gouldiae (Vigors) Cinnyris gouldiae Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 274 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 44 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471. Himalayas, between 4,600 and 12,000 feet, from Himachal Pradesh and Simla hills east to Assam (north of the Brahmaputra), southeastern Tibet, and southwestern Sikang. Aethopyga gouldiae isolata Baker Aethopyga gouldiae isolata Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 138 — Manipur. Aethopyga gouldiae melittae Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 21 — 1,400 ft., Mt. Victoria. Aethopyga gouldiae trochiloidea Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 21— Blue Mountain, Lushai Hills. Assam Hills south of the Brahmaputra from Naga Hills (except extreme east), northern Cachar, Manipur, Lushai Hills, Tripura, and adjacent hills of East Pakistan south to Chittagong Hill Tracts; also in Burma in Chin Hills (Mt. Victoria) and south to Arakan Yomas; 4,000 to 7,500 feet. ~~ Aethopyga gouldiae dabryii (Verreaux) Nectarinia dabryit Verreaux, 1867, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], ser. 2, 19, p. 173, pl. 15 — “le nord de la Chine’’; error = Tatsienlu (now Kangting), eastern Sikang, cf. Deignan, 1944, Auk, p. 188. Aethopyga dabryii bangsi Riley, 1925, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 38, p. 11 — Hongsurkou, Hupeh. Aethopyga gouldiae harrietae Delacour and Greenway, 1940, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 10, p. 68 — Phu Kobo, near Xiengkhouang, Laos. Central and eastern Sikang (up to 14,000 feet) to Szech- wan (west and north) and probably Kansu; also Hupeh, Kwangsi, and south to Yunnan, northern Indochinese Pen- insula (winter only?), northern Thailand (winter only), and extreme eastern Assam (winter only), and mountains of much of Burma south to northern Tenasserim (winter only?). Aethopyga gouldiae annamensis Robinson and Kloss Aethopyga gouldiae annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 621, pl. 18, figs. 2, 3 — Langbian Peaks, 6,500 feet, southern Annam. NECTARINIIDAE 275 Southern part of Indochinese Peninsula in lower Laos (Boloven Plateau) and southern Annam (Langbian Massif) ; 5,000 to 7,000 feet. AETHOPYGA NIPALENSIS mS Aethopyga nipalensis horsfieldii (Blyth) Cinnyris horsfieldii Blyth, 1844-45, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 975 — Himalayas [= Mussoorie, whence came the type, vide Shelley, 1878, Monog. Nectarini- idae, p. 338]. Western Himaiayas from Mussoorie and Dehra Dun to western Nepal; 2,000 to 6,000 feet. —— Aethopyga nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson) Cinnyris nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 1, p. 273 — Nepal; restricted to Chandragiri Pass, central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 588. Aethopyga griseiceps Bentham, 1908, Rec. Indian Mus., 2, p. 167 — Ghoom, near Darjiling. Central Nepal to Darjeeling and Sikkim; 4,000 to 9,000 feet. Aethopyga nipalensis koelzi Ripley Aethopyga nipalensis koelzi Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 106 — Dening-Dreyi trail, Mishmi Hills, northeastern Assam. Aethopyga nipalensis ripleyi Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 48 — Mawryngkneng, Khasi Hills. Himalayas, between 6,000 and 11,500 feet, from Bhutan to eastern Assam, northeastern Burma, northwestern Yunnan, and northwestern Tonkin; also south of the Brahmaputra in Assam hills and mountains in Shan States, Burma. ~ Aethopyga nipalensis victoriae Rippon Aethopyga victoriae Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 83 — Mt. Victoria, ‘Chin Hills. Mt. Victoria, between 6,400 and 8,400 feet, Chin Hills, Burma. Aethopyga nipalensis karenensis Ticehurst Aethopyga nipalensis karenensis Ticehurst, 1939, Ibis, p. 755 — Nattaung, 8,000 ft., Karenni, Burma. Known only from type locality in hills between Sittang and Salween Rivers, Karen Hills, Burma. 276 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ——— Aethopyga nipalensis angkanensis Riley Aethopyga nipalensis angkanensis Riley, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 162— Doi Angka, 8,400 ft., Siam [= Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand]. High mountains (summit of Doi Ang Ka) of western part of northern plateau, Thailand. Aethopyga nipalensis australis Robinson and Kloss Aethopyga nipalensis australis Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 14 — Khao Luang, 5,000- 5,800 ft., Nakon Sri Tamarat, peninsular Siam. High mountains of peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra; 5,000 to 5,800 feet. ~— Aethopyga nipalensis blanci Delacour and Greenway Aethopyga ezrai blanci Delacour and Greenway, 1989, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 133 — Phu-Kobo, 2,000 m., near Xieng-Khouang, Laos. High, isolated mountains in Laos. Aethopyga nipalensis ezrai Delacour Aethopyga ezrat Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 21 — Dakto, 1,500 m., Annam. High, isolated mountains in southern Annam. AETHOPYGA EXIMIA ~—-Aethopyga eximia (Horsfield) Nectarinia eximia Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, 13, p. 168 — Java. Mountains of Java. AETHOPYGA CHRISTINAE ~~ Aethopyga christinae latouchii Slater Aethopyga latouchii H. H. Slater, 1891, Ibis, p. 43, pl. 1 — Chiong Po, in hills west of Swatow. Southeastern China (Fohkien, Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Szechuan?) to Indochinese Peninsula (Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin China). Aethopyga christinae christinae Swinhoe Aethopyga christinae Swinhoe, 1869, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 4, p. 486 — Hainan. Hainan Island. NECTARINIIDAE 277 AETHOPYGA SATURATA ~~ Aethopyga saturata saturata (Hodgson) Cinnyris saturata Hodgson, 1836, India Rev. Journ. For- eign Sci. Arts, 1, p. 273 — Nepal. Himalayas from Uttar Pradesh (Garhwal) to Bhutan; 4,000 to 6,000 feet in summer, lower in winter. Aethopyga saturata assamensis (McClelland) Cinnyris assamensis McClelland, 1837, Quart. Journ. Cal- cutta Med. Phys. Soc., 1, p. 322 — Assam; nomen nudum. Cinnyris assamensis McClelland, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 167 — Assam; restricted to neighborhood of Sadiya, Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam, India, by Deig- nan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 22. Aethopyga saturata ariel Koelz, 1953, Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4 (1952), p. 154 — near Nokrek, Garo Hills. Assam, and perhaps hills of adjacent East Pakistan up to 6,000 feet, northern Burma, and western Yunnan. Aethopyga saturata galenae Deignan Aethopyga saturata galenae Deignan, 1948, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 22 — Doi Langka (Khao Pha Cho), lat. 19° 00’ N., long. 99° 25’ E., northern Siam. Mountains of western part of northern plateau, north- western Thailand. Aethopyga saturata petersi Deignan Aethopyga saturata petersi Deignan, 1948, Journ. Wash- ington, Acad. Sci., 38, p. 22 ——-Pakha, lat. 22° 32’ N., long. 104° 18’ E., Laokay, Tonkin. Burma in Southern Shan States, extreme northern Thai- land (excluding range of galenae), northern part of Indo- chinese countries (northern Laos, northern Annam, and Tonkin), and southeastern Yunnan. = Aethopyga saturata sanguinipectus Walden Aethopygia sanguinipectus Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 15, p. 400 — Tonghoo hills (Karen- hee), 3,000 ft.; corrected to “the Tonghoo and Karen- nee hills” by Ramsay, 1881, in Ornithological Works of Arthur, Ninth Marquis of Tweeddale, p. 414. Karenni and northern Tenasserim, in hills above 3,000 feet, southeastern Burma. 278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aethopyga saturata anomala Richmond Aethopyga anomala Richmond, 1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 319 — Khao Sung, lat. 7° 32’ N., long. 99° 50’ E., 2,500 ft., peninsular Siam. Southern peninsular Thailand in hills of Phatthalung and Trang. ~~ Aethopyga saturata wrayi Sharpe Aethopyga wrayi Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 440, pl. 38, fig. 2— Larut Range, 4,400 ft., Perak state, Malaya. Mountains of Malaya from northern Perak to southern Selangor and in Pahang. Aethopyga saturata ochra Deignan Aethopyga saturata ochra Deignan, 1948, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 23 — Thateng, lat. 15° 31’ N. and long. 106° 22’ E., Saravane Province, Bas-Laos. Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau) and central Annam (Dakto). Aethopyga saturata cambodiana Delacour Aethopyga saturata cambodiana Delacour, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 184 — Bokor, Cambodia. Mountains of southwestern Cambodia. Aethopyga saturata johnsi Robinson and Kloss Aethopyga sanguinipectus johnst Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 621, pl. 18, fig. 1 — Dran, Haut-Donnai, southern Annam. Southern Annam (Langhian Plateau). AETHOPYGA SIPARAJA “~~ Aethopyga siparaja vigorsii (Sykes) Cinnyris vigorstit Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 98 — Ghauts, Dukhun. Western India from Gujarat south to Bombay; foothills to 4,500 feet. Aethopyga siparaja seheriae (Tickell) Nectarinia seheriae Tickell, 1833, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben- gal, 2, p. 577 — near Seheria in Borabhum. } | Q k 2c [O, NECTARINIIDAE 279 Aethopyga andersoni Oates, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 349 — Sawaddy, east of Bhamo. Aethopyga siparaja mussooriensis Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 12 — Mussoorie. Aethopyga seheriae viridicauda Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 58 — Tengyueh, 5,000-6,000 ft., Yunnan. Himalayan foothills from Himachal Pradesh to Assam and through Burma to southern Yunnan; south to western Tonkin, extreme northwestern Thailand, central Burma, western Bengal, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh. Aethopyga siparaja owstoni Rothschild Aethopyga seheriae owstoni Rothschild, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 32 — Nauchau Island, off Kwangtung Peninsula, southern China. Naochow Island, off Luichow Peninsula, southern Kwang- tung. ~~ Aethopyga siparaja tonkinensis Hartert Aethopyga seheriae tonkinensis Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 7 — Yen-bai [= Yenbay], Tonkin. Eastern Tonkin. Aethopyga siparaja mangini Delacour and Jabouille Aethopyga siparaja mangini Delacour and Jabouille, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 34— Laobao, Quangtri, Annam. Central and southern Indochinese Peninsula and adjacent southeastern Thailand. Aethopyga siparaja insularis Delacour and Jabouille Aethopyga siparaja insularis Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 134 — Phu-Quoc Island, Cochin. China. Phuque Island, Gulf of Siam. > . e Aethopyga siparaja cara Hume Aethopyga cara Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 473 — south of Moulmein, Tenasserim. Aethopyga siparaja heliotis Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 231— Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago. 280 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southern Burma (except extreme southern Tenasserim) and west over much of central Thailand. Aethopyga siparaja trangensis de Schauensee Aethopyga siparaja trangensis de Schauensee, 1946, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 79 — Khao Bhanom Bencha, 3,500 ft., Trang, Siam. Peninsular Thailand (except extreme south) and prob- ably adjacent Burma. Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (Raffles) Certhia siparaja Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 299 — Sumatra. Aethopyga siparaja mniasensis Hartert, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6, p. 92 — Nias Island. Aethopyga siparaja tinoptila Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 17 — Pulo Siumat, near Simalur Island, off western Sumatra. Aethopyga siparaja melanetra Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 18— Pulo Lasia, off western Sumatra. Aethopyga siparaja photina Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 18 — North Pagi Island, off west- ern Sumatra. Aethopyga siparaja ochropyrrha Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 98, p. 65— Pulo Rittan, Anamba Islands. Aethopyga siparaja heliophiletica Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 231— Pulo Bangkaru, Banjak Islands, Barussan Islands, western Sumatra. Aethopyga siparaja siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 298 — Siberut Island, West Sumatran Islands. Thailand border, south over Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and nearby small islands; Borneo and its small islands, except North Natuna Islands. Aethopyga siparaja nicobarica Hume Aethopyga nicobarica Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 412 — Kondul and Meroe Islands, Nicobar Island. Nicobar Islands. NECTARINIIDAE 281 “~ Aethopyga siparaja heliogona Oberholser Aethopyga siparaja heliogona Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 2832 — Depok, Java. Java. Aethopyga siparaja natunae Chasen Aethopyga siparaja natunae Chasen, 1934, Bull. Raffles Mus., 9, p. 97 —Sadanau [= Bunguran] Island, North Natuna Islands. North Natuna Islands. ~~ Aethopyga siparaja magnifica Sharpe Aethopyga magnifica Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 297 — Negros. Sibuyan, Tablas, Panay, Negros, Cebu, west-central Philippine Islands. oS Aethopyga siparaja flavostriata (Wallace) Nectarinia flavo-striata Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 478, pl. 29, fig. 2 — Menado, Celebes. Northern Celebes. Aethopyga siparaja beccarii Salvadori Aethopyga beccarii Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 659 — Kendari. Southern Celebes. AETHOPYGA MYSTACALIS - Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii (Miiller) Nectarinia temminckii S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit, 1 (1839-44), p. 173 — Mount Singalang, 1,600 ft., lat. 0° 24’S., long. 100° 20’ E., Sumatra. Aethopyga mystacalis perretti Harrisson and Hartley, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 158 — Mt. Dulit, 4,000 ft., Sarawak. Extreme southern peninsular Thailand (Trang) south to Malay Peninsula; Sumatra and Borneo. eines Aethopyga mystacalis mystacalis (Temminck) Nectarinia mystacalis Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 21, pl. 126 — Java. Java. 282 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD AETHOPYGA IGNICAUDA ~~ Aethopyga ignicauda ignicauda (Hodgson) Cinnyris ignicauda Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 1, p. 273 — Nepal. Aethopyga ignicauda exultans Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 18— Shueli, Salwin Divide, west- central Yunnan. Himalayas, between 6,000 and 138,500 feet, from Uttar Pradesh (Garhwal) east to northeastern Assam, probably adjacent Tibet, Sikang (Mt. Gomba, 14,000 to 16,000 feet), extreme northern Burma, and central Yunnan; also hills of Assam south of Brahmaputra (more common in winter) ; moves to lower altitudes in winter. ~ Aethopyga ignicauda flavescens Baker Aethopyga ignicauda flavescens Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 71 — Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills. Chin Hills, Burma. GENUS ARACHNOTHERA TEMMINCK Arachnothera Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 65, pl. 388, in text to fig 1. Type, by monotypy, Nectarinia chryso- genys Temminck. | Arachnorhaphis Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 313. Type, by subse- quent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 138), Arachnorhaphis chrysogenys (Tem- minck). Anthophagana Strand, 1928, Arch. f. Naturg., 92A, p. 56. New name for Anthophagus Jennings, 1828, Ornitho- logia, ed. 1, p. 319 (not of Gravenhorst, 1802, for a beetle). Type, by subsequent designation (Mathews and Iredale, 1922, Austral Avian Rec., 4, p. 174), “A. olivaceus Lath., 1.e., Cinnyris affinis Horsfield”’ = Arach- nothera affinis (Horsfield). ARACHNOTHERA LONGIROSTRA ~ Arachnothera longirostra longirostra (Latham) Certhia longirostra Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 299 — Bengal; restricted to Tippera District, Bengal State, NECTARINIIDAE 283 Pakistan, by Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, p. 208. Arachnothera longirostra vantynei Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 77 — Jagalbed, Bombay Presidency. Southwestern India (Belgaum to Kerala); Nepal to Assam, Burma, and western Thailand (south to Isthmus of Kra). ~——Arachnothera longirostra sordida La Touche Arachnothera longirostris sordida La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 32 — Hokow, 300 ft., southeast- ern Yunnan, China. Southern Yunnan, northeastern Thailand, and northern part of Indochinese Peninsula. Arachnothera longirostra pallida Delacour Arachnothera longirostris pallida Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn: 2) p. 430 Pakse, Laos: Southeastern Thailand and central part of Indochinese Peninsula. Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot) Cinnyris cinireicollis Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 31, p. 502 — no locality; Malacca designated by Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 281. Arachnothera longirostra melanchima Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19 — upper Siak River, eastern Sumatra. Arachnothera longirostra exochra Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19 — South Pagi Island. Arachnothera longirostra hypochra Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19 — North Pagi Island. Arachnothera longirostra zarhina Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 19— Pulo Bangkaru, Banjak Islands. Arachnothera longirostris antelia Oberholser, 1923, Journ: Washington Acad: Sci 13) ps) 227 — Drang, lower Siam. Arachnothera longirostris heliocrita Oberholser, 1923, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 228 — Selitar, 9 miles from Singapore, Singapore Island. 284 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra and its satellite islands. —— Arachnothera longirostra niasensis van Oort Arachnothera longirostria niasensis van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 195 — Nias Island. Nias Island, west of Sumatra. ___ Arachnothera longirostra prillwitzi Hartert Arachnothera longirostris prillwitzi Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 51 — Mount Gedeh, Java. Java. \ ~— Arachnothera longirostra buettikoferi van Oort Arachnothera longirostra biittikoferi van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 195 — Borneo. Borneo. Arachnothera longirostra atita Oberholser Arachnothera longirostra atita Oberholser, 19382, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 104 — Sirhassen Island, Natuna Islands. South Natuna Islands, South China Sea. Arachnothera longirostra rothschildi van Oort Arachnothera longirostra rothschildi van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 195— Boengoeran (Bun- guran Island), Natuna Islands. North Natuna Islands, South China Sea. _Arachnothera longirostra dilutior Sharpe : Arachnothera dilutior Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 298 — Palawan. Palawan. _—Arachnothera longirostra flammifera Tweeddale Arachnothera flammifera Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 343 — southern Leyte. Samar, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Arachnothera longirostra randi Salomonsen Arachnothera longirostris randi Salomonsen, 1953, NECTARINIIDAE 285 Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 271 — Basilan. Basilan, Philippine Islands. ARACHNOTHERA CRASSIROSTRIS <—~Arachnothera crassirostris (Reichenbach) Arachnocestra crassirostris Reichenbach, 1854, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, Tenuiros- tres, continuatio XI, p. 314, pl. 592, fig. 4016 — no local- ity; Sumatra designated by Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 353; later re- stricted, without comment, to “‘Settlement of Malacca” by Robinson, 1928, Birds Malay Pen., 2, p. 297. Peninsular Thailand from Isthmus of Kra south over Malay Peninsula; Sumatra and Borneo. ARACHNOTHERA ROBUSTA ——-Arachnothera robusta robusta Miiller and Schlegel Arachnothera robusta S. Miiller and Schlegel, 1845, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Zool. (Aves), p. 68, pl. xi, fig. 1 — Indra- poera, western Sumatra. Malay Peninsula, north to extreme southern Thailand (Trang) ; Sumatra and Borneo. —— Arachnothera robusta armata Miiller and Schlegel Arachnothera armata S. Miiller and Schlegel, 1845, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Zool. (Aves), p. 68, pl. xi, fig. 2— Mt. Pangerango, 1,100 ft., Java. Java. ARACHNOTHERA FLAVIGASTER ~— Arachnothera flavigaster (Eyton) - Anthreptes flavigaster Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 105 — “Malaya.” Arachnothera eytoni Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 182. A substitute name for A. flavigaster because the hybrid nature of the latter name offended the classical scholar. Peninsular Siam, Malay Peninsula, (? southern Indo- chinese Peninsula), Sumatra, and Borneo. 286 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ARACHNOTHERA CHRYSOGENYS _—Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys (Temminck) Nectarinia chrysogenys Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 65, pl. 388, fig. 1 — Bantam district, Java. Arachnothera chrysogenys copha Oberholser, 1912 (Oct. 26), Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 20 — Tapanuli Bay, northwestern Sumatra. Arachnothera chrysogenys isopega Oberholser, 1912 (Oct. 26), Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 20 — Pagi Islands. Arachnothera chrysogenys pleoxantha Oberholser, 1912 (Oct. 26), Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 20 — Gunong Lembu, Nias Island. Arachnothera chrysogenys astilpna Oberholser, 1928, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 227 — Bok Pyin, Tenasserim. Arachnothera chrysogenys intensiflava Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 14 — Kossoom, Tenasserim. Extreme southern Burma (north in Tenasserim to Mergui), Peninsular Siam (south of Isthmus of Kra), and Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and western Borneo, and some adjacent small islands. Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissoni Deignan Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissont Deignan, 1957, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 70, p. 44 — Labuan Kelambu, lat. 1° 15’ N., long. 118° 39’ E., Borneo. Eastern Borneo; race needs confirmation in light of geo- graphical and seasonal variation of species as a whole. ARACHNOTHERA CLARAE Arachnothera clarae philippinensis (Steere) Philemon philippinensis Steere, 1890 (July 14), List Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 21 — Samar. Samar and presumably Leyte, Philippine Islands. Arachnothera clarae clarae Blasius Arachnothera clarae Blasius, 1890 (Apr. 15), Braun- schweigische Anzeigen, no. 87, p. 877 (desc.); 1890 (Apr. [= Aug.]), Journ. f. Orn., 38, pp. 144, 146, 148 (desc. and type locality) — Davao, Mindanao. Eastern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. NECTARINIIDAE 287 Arachnothera clarae malindangensis Rand and Rabor Arachnothera clarae malindangensis Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldiana: Zoology [Chicago], 42, p. 17 — Masa- wan, Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Mt. Malindang on Zamboanga Peninsula, western Min- danao and Mt. Katinglad in central Mindanao, Philippine Islands. ARACHNOTHERA AFFINIS Arachnothera affinis caena Deignan Arachnothera affinis caena Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, p. 210 — Ban Hin Laem, lat. 14° 40’ N.., long. 98° 40’ E., Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy districts) and evergreen forests of southwestern and northern peninsular provinces of Thailand (Kanchanaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces); and (?) southern part of Indochinese Peninsula (Cochin China). ——~Arachnothera affinis modesta (Eyton) Anthreptes modesta Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 105 — Malaya. Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, and western Borneo. Arachnothera affinis pars Riley Arachnothera affinis pars Riley, 1939, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 29, p. 40—Birang River, Dutch East Borneo. Eastern Borneo. ~—~ Arachnothera affinis affinis (Horsfield) Cinnyris affinis Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13 (1821), p. 166 — Java. Java, Bali. Arachnothera affinis concolor Snelleman Arachnothera concolor Snelleman (ex Schlegel MS), 1887, Natuurlijke historie, pt. 1, Zoogdieren en Vogels, p. 31, pl. 1, in Veth, Midden-Sumatra, Reizen..., 4 (1) — Sumatra [= Silago, ca. 100 km. east of Padang, east slope Boekit Barisan, fide Mees, in lit.]. 288 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Arachnothera affinis heliophilus Oberholser, 19238, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 13, p. 226— Loh Sidoh Bay, northwestern Sumatra. Sumatra. ARACHNOTHERA MAGNA > Arachnothera magna magna Hodgson Cinnyris magna Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 1, p. 272 — Nepal. India, from Himachal Pradesh to Assam, from edge of plains to 6,000 feet; extreme southeastern East Pakistan (Chittagong Hill Tracts) ; northern Burma; and Yunnan. __« Arachnothera magna aurata Blyth Arachnothera aurata Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 478 — Pegu. East-central Burma. Arachnothera magna musarum Deignan Arachnothera magna musarum Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, p. 210 — Doi Phu Kha, lat. 19° 05’ N., long. 101° 05’ E., Nan Province, Thailand. Southern Shan States; northern Tenasserim (Salween District) ; northern Thailand; northern Laos. Arachnothera magna pagodarum Deignan Arachnothera magna pagodarum Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, p. 211 — Ban Hin Laem, lat. 14° 40’ N., long. 98° 40’ E., Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Central Tenasserim (Tavoy district) and southwestern Thailand (southern Tak and Kanchanaburi provinces), in evergreen forests. Arachnothera magna remota Riley Arachnothera magna remota Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 80— Langbian Peaks, 7,020 ft., southern Annam. Southern Annam. ARACHNOTHERA EVERETTI _____ Arachnothera everetti (Sharpe) Arachnoraphis everetti Sharpe, 1893, Ibis, p. 561 — Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo. Mountains and hills of northern and central Borneo. NECTARINIIDAE 289 ARACHNOTHERA JULIAE Arachnothera juliae Sharpe Arachnothera juliae Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 451, pl. 14 — Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo. High mountains of northern Borneo. FAMILY ZOSTEROPIDAE INDO-AUSTRALIAN TAXA1.2.3 ERNST MAYR ef. Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, pp. 1-14 (Melanesia, Polynesia). Murphy, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 365, pp. 1-11 (Solomon Islands). Stresemann, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 201- 238 (monograph). , 1939, Journ. f. Orn., 87, pp. 156-164 (stamen- sis). 1 The relationships of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae with those of Africa are obscure. In the past all major systematic revisions (e.g., Stresemann, 1931; Moreau, 1957; Mees, 1957 and 1961) have been devoted exclusively to the taxa of either one or the other region. To try to consolidate the two listings is not feasible at present. Under the circumstances, and for the sake of convenience, the Indo-Australian forms are listed together and these are followed by a list of the African forms. — E. M. 2 MS read by H. T. Condon (Australian forms) and G. F. Mees. 3 The basis of all future work on eastern white-eyes will be Mees’ fundamental monograph: “A systematic review of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae” (Part 1, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, pp. 1-204; Part 2, 1961, zbid., no. 50, pp. 1-168; Part 3, in prep- aration). My own treatment leans heavily on Mees’ exceptionally thorough and reliable researches. In a few cases my judgment differs from his, particularly in determining the relationship of certain species and consequently the sequence of species. The reason for these differences of opinion have been explained elsewhere (Mayr, 1965). Synonyms for Indo-Australian forms published prior to 1910 are not normally included, if correctly placed by Mees (1957, 1961). Exceptions were made for those earlier names which have been considered valid by some recent authors. — E. M. 290 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD , 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 60-68 (Celebes). Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, pp. 168-169 (Timor; chloris). Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, pp. 316-335 (Micronesia). Mees, 1953, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 32, pp. 57-68 (genera near Zosterops). , 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, p. 187 (Borneo). Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, pp. 44-46 (northern Melanesia). Mees, 1956, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, pp. 641-661 (Chlorocharis emiliae). — , 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, pp. 1-204 (monograph, pt. 1). — , 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, pp. 1-168 (monograph, pt. 2). Mishima, 1959, Tori, 15, pp. 127-133 (japonica). Kunkel, 1962, Z. Tierpsychol., 19, pp. 559-576 (be- havior). Deignan, 1963, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 226, pp. 218-215 (Thailand). Mayr, 1965, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 228, pp. 1-6 (sequence of species). GENUS ZOSTEROPS VIGORS AND HORSFIELD Zosterops Vigors and Horsfield, 1826, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 234. Type, by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828 Man. Orn., 1, p. 286), Motacilla madera- spatana Linnaeus. Oreosterops Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 264. Type, by monotypy, Zosterops mon- tana Bonaparte. Malacirops Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 264. Type, by monotypy, Z. borbonica Brisson = Motacilla borbonica Gmelin. Cyclopterops Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 264. Type, by monotypy, Dicaeum chloro- nothos Vieillot. Zosteropisylvia Heuglin, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 295. Type, by monotypy, Zosteropisylvia icterovirens Heu- glin = Zosterops senegalensis Bonaparte. ZOSTEROPIDAE 291 Tephras Hartlaub, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 6. Type, by monotypy, Tephras finschii Hartlaub. Nesozosterops Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 451. Type, by original designation, Zosterops strenua Gould. Luteozosterops Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 36. Type, by original designation, Zosterops albi- ventris cairncrosst Mathews. ZOSTEROPS ERYTHROPLEURA Zosterops erythropleura Swinhoe Zosterops erythropleurus Swinhoe, 1863, Ibis, 5, p. 294 [virtual nomen nudum] — northern China [= Shanghai and Tientsin, cf. Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 204]. ~ Zosterops erythropleurus melanorhyncha La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 32 — Mengtz, southeastern Yunnan. Eastern Amurland, north on Amur River to about lat. 49° N., south to Khabarovsk, southern Ussuriland, and per- haps to neighboring eastern Manchuria. Migrating through northern Korea, Manchuria, and China to winter in southern China, Indochina, Thailand, and eastern Burma. ZOSTEROPS JAPONICA Zosterops japonica yesoensis Kuroda Zosterops palpebrosa yesoensis! Nagahisa Kuroda, 1951, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 15, p. 5 — Muroran, Hok- kaido. Hokkaido, Japan. —— Zosterops japonica japonica Temminck and Schlegel Zosterops japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Siebold, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 57, pl. 22 — Japan; restricted to Decima, Nagasaki by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 99. Zosterops palpebrosa wimae Nagamichi Kuroda, 1917, Tori, 1 (5), p. 4, pl. 6, figs. 2 and 3 —Izuhara, Tsu- shima Island. Zosterops japonicus dageleticus Momiyama, 1930, Bull. 1 For validity see Mishima, 1959, Tori, 15, p. 35.— E. M. 292 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 1, p. 172— Dodo, Nan-men, Dagelet Island [= Uturio-t6]. Main islands of Japan from Honshu to Kyushu and islands between Japan and Korea. Migratory in north; straying to Korea. — Zosterops japonica stejnegeri! Seebohm Zosterops stejnegert Seebohm, 1891, Ibis, p. 273 — Hachijo-shima, Seven Islands. Zosterops japonicus ohsimensis Momiyama, 1930, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 1, p. 172— Oh-shima, Seven Islands. Seven Islands of Izu (south of Yokohama), Japan; intro- duced on Bonin Islands. ___— Zosterops japonica alani Hartert Zosterops palpebrosa alani Hartert, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15, p. 45 — South Dionisio [= Iwo Jima], Volcano Islands. Zosterops palpebrosa iwojimaensis Uchida, 1911, Dobuts. Zasshi., 23, p. 587 — Minami-iwo-jima. Iwo Jima and Minami-iwo-jima, Volcano Islands. Zosterops japonica insularis Ogawa Zosterops japonica insularis Ogawa, 1905, Annot. Zool. Japonensis, 5, p. 186 — Tanegashima and Yakushima; restricted to Tanegashima by Hartert, 1921, Vogel pal. Fauna, p. 2100. Tanegashima and Yakushima, south of Kyushu. —_— Zosterops japonica leochooensis Tristram Z[osterops| simplex var. loochooensis Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 229 — Loo Choo Islands [= Okinawa]. ? Zosterops palpebrosa yonakuni Kuroda, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 87 — Yonakuni Island, southern Riu Kius. ; 2 Zosterops palpebrosa iriomotensis Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 88 — Iriomote Island, southern Riu Kius. ——— 1 The name boninsimae was given by Momiyama (1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 145) to a hybrid population between stejnegeri and alani, introduced into the Bonin Islands. — E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 293 Zosterops palpebrosa amami Momiyama, 1928, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 18, p. 11 — Amami Oshima. From Amami Oshima, and neighboring islands, and Oki- nawa group to southern Riu Kiu Islands. Zosterops japonica daitoensis Kuroda Zosterops palpebrosa daitoensis Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 120 — Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands. Borodino Islands. ~—~ Zosterops japonica simplex Swinhoe Z[osterops]| simplex Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 331 — south- ern China; restricted to Hong Kong by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 120. Zosterops setchuana Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 125 — Tatsienlu, Szechwan. Zosterops palpebrosa peguensis Baker, 1922, Ibis, p. 144 — Moulmein, Tenasserim. Zosterops palpebrosa harterti Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 56 — central Formosa. Zosterops palpebrosa taivaniana Momiyama, 1927, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 17, p. 301. New name for harterti Hachisuka nec harterti Stresemann, 1912. Zosterops japonica sinensis Riley, 1938, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 172, p. 524; error for simplex Swinhoe. China, from Hopeh (?), Kiangsu, Che-Kiang, and Shensi south to Szechwan, eastern Sikang, Yunnan, and southern China; northern Indochina; Formosa. Wintering in eastern and southern Burma south to Tenasserim, northern Thai- land, Indochina, and Hainan Island. Zosterops japonica hainana Hartert Zlosterops|] palp[ebrosa] hainana Hartert, 1923, Vogel pal. Fauna, Nachtrag, 1, p. 33 — No Tai, Hainan. Hainan Island. Zosterops japonica batanis McGregor Zosterops batanis McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2 (sec. A), p. 348 — Batan Island, northern Philippines. Zosterops palpebrosa kikutii Momiyama, 1927, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 17, p. 304 — Botel Tobago. 294 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Hungtow (Botel Tobago) and Hwoshao (Kashoto) Islands, off southeastern Formosa; Batan Island, Philippine Islands. ~——~ Zosterops japonica meyeni Bonaparte D{tcaeum] flavum Kittlitz, 1832?, Kupfert. Nature. Vogel, pt. 2, p. 15, pl. 19, fig. 2 — Luzon. Zosterops meyeni Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 898. New name for D. flavum Kittlitz, nec D. flavum Horsfield, 1821. Luzon and adjacent islands (Calayan, Lubang, Verde, Banton), Philippine Islands. ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA Zosterops palpebrosa nilgiriensis Ticehurst Zosterops palpebrosa nilgiriensis Ticehurst, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 89 — Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills. Zosterops palpebrosa palniensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 76 — Kodaikanal, Palni Hills. Nilgiri and Palni (Palani) Hills, southern India. Zosterops palpebrosa amabilis Koelz Zosterops palpebrosa amabilis Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1452, p. 9 — Sasan, Junagarh, Kathiawar. Kathiawar Peninsula, India. ~—Zosterops palpebrosa egregia Madarasz Zosterops egregia Madarasz, 1911, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hun- garici, 9, p. 422, pl. 16, fig. 1 — Kandy, Ceylon. Zosterops palpebrosa occidentis Ticehurst, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 88 — Simla. Zosterops palpebrosa remota Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52, p. 76 — Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Ceylon, Laccadive Islands, and all of India (except for ranges of nilgiriensis, salimalii, amabilis, and palpebrosa), north to eastern Afghanistan and northern Kashmir. Zosterops palpebrosa salimalii Whistler Zosterops palpebrosa salimalit Whistler, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 811 — Farahabad, 2,688 ft., southeastern Hyderabad. 1 Birds from the Kathiawar Peninsula are distinctly brighter than populations from the range of egregia.— EK. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 295 Eastern Ghats of southeastern India (Nallamallai, Sheva- roy, Saschachalam, and Chitteri Hills). ~~ Zosterops palpebrosa nicobarica Blyth Zlosterops] nicobaricus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 563 — Nicobar Islands. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ~~ ~Zosterops palpebrosa palpebrosa (Temminck) Sylvia palpebrosa Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., livr. 49, pl. 2938, fig. 3 — Bengal. Zosterops palpebrosa elwesi Baker, 1922, Ibis, p. 144 — Sikkim. Bengal and western Assam, India; Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan. ~—— Zosterops palpebrosa siamensis Blyth? Zlosterops| siamensis Blyth, 1867, Ibis, p. 34 — Tenas- serim (yellow-bellied). Zosterops mesoxantha Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 27, p. 396 — Taho, Karenni (white-bellied). ~Zosterops aurewenter joannae La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 31— Mengtz, southeast Yiinnan (white-bellied). Zosterops palpebrosa cacharensis Baker, 1922, Ibis, p. 144 — Gunjong, northern Cachar (white-bellied). Zosterops palpebrosa vicina Riley, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42, p. 162 — Doi Sutep, Thailand (white- bellied). Southeastern Tibet, most of Burma, northern Thailand, Yunnan (sympatric with Z. japonica simplex), Szechwan, and Indochina.? Zosterops palpebrosa williamsoni Robinson and Kloss Zosterops palpebrosa williamsoni Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 3, p. 445 — Meklong, central Siam. 1 Range and synonymy based on information supplied by H. G. Deignan. — E. M. 2 The name siamensis was given to yellow-bellied birds, as found in lower Irawaddy Valley, Tenasserim, and adjacent Thailand. Other populations are polymorphic (for map, see Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35), while still others, particularly in the north and east, are white-bellied. — E. M. 296 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Eastern coast of Thailand from Bangkok to Malay Penin- sula (Tandjong Patani). ~— Zosterops palpebrosa auriventer Hume Z[osterops| auriventer Hume, 1878, Stray Feathers, 6, p. 519 — Tavoy, Tenasserim. Zosterops palpebrosa erwini Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., 9 (1934), p. 96 — South Natuna Island. Coast of Tenasserim and western coast of Malay Peninsula to Singapore; possibly eastern coast of Sumatra, Riouw Archipelago, South Natuna Island, Bangka Island, and Kuching district of western Borneo. Zosterops palpebrosa buxtoni Nicholson Zl[osterops] lateralis Hartlaub (ex Temminck MS), 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 15 — Java and Sumatra; restricted to Tapos, northwestern slope Mt. Pangerango, western Java, by Mees, 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, p. 141. Zosterops buxtoni Nicholson, 1879, Ibis, p. 167. New name for Z. lateralis Hartlaub, nec Z. lateralis (Latham), 1801. Zosterops aureiventer sumatrana Kloss, 19381, Treubia, 13, p. 369 — Korinchi, Sumatra. Hill country and mountains of Sumatra and western Java (Bantam and Bogor). Zosterops palpebrosa melanura Hartlaub Z[osterops| melanura Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 15 — “Borneo”; error, Bandung, West Java, desig- nated by Mees, 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, p. 141. Zosterops gallio Sharpe, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 185 — eastern Java. Hills and mountains of Java (except westernmost part) ; Bali. ~—— Zosterops palpebrosa unica Hartert Zosterops unica Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 520 — southern Flores. Sumbawa and Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. ZOSTEROPS CEYLONENSIS — —.Zosterops ceylonensis Holdsworth Zosterops ceylonensis Holdsworth, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 459, pl. 20, fig. 2—- Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon. Hills and mountains of Ceylon. ZOSTEROPIDAE 297 ZOSTEROPS CONSPICILLATA! -—— Zosterops conspicillata saypani Dubois Zosterops conspicillata saypani A. Dubois, 1902, Synop. Avium, 1, p. 711 — Saipan. Tinian and Saipan, Marianas Islands. Zosterops conspicillata conspicillata (Kittlitz) Dicaeum conspicillatum Kittlitz, 1832?, Kupfert. Naturg. Vogel, pt. 2, p. 15, pl. 19, fig. 1 — Guam. Guam, Marianas Islands. —— Zosterops conspicillata rotensis Takatsukasa and Yamashina Zosterops sempert rotensis Takatsukasa and Yamashina, 1931, Dobuts. Zasshi, 43, p. 486 — Rota. Rota, Marianas Islands. —— Zosterops conspicillata semperi Hartlaub Zosterops semperi Hartlaub, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 117 — Palau Islands. Palau Islands (Babelthuap, Koror, Garakayo, Peleliu), Micronesia. ——Zosterops conspicillata owstoni Hartert Zosterops semperi owstoni Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 2— Truk. Truk, Caroline Islands. _—-Zosterops conspicillata takatsukasai Momiyama Zosterops semperi takatsukasat Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 22 — Ponape. Ponape, Caroline Islands. oe Zosterops conspicillata hypolais Hartlaub and Finsch Zosterops hypolais Hartlaub and Finsch, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 95 — Yap. Yap, Caroline Islands. ZOSTEROPS SALVADORII Zosterops salvadorii Meyer and Wiglesworth Zosterops incerta Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 32, p. 183 — Engano. Zlosterops] salvadorii Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, 1 Appears to be derived from the japonica-palpebrosa group. — E. M. 298 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 115. New name for Z. incerta Sal- vadori, nec Z. incerta Meyer, 1884. Engano Island, southwest of Sumatra. ZOSTEROPS ATRICAPILLA! Zosterops atricapilla viridicata Chasen Zosterops atricapilla viridicata Chasen, 1941, Treubia, 18, suppl., p. 105 — Mt. Leuser, Atjeh. Mountains of northern Sumatra. ~— Zosterops atricapilla atricapilla Salvadori Zosterops atricapilla Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, p. 215 — Mt. Singalan, Sumatra. Zosterops clara Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 479 — Mt. Kinabalu. Central and southern Sumatra; mountains of Borneo (Kinabalu, Mulu). ZOSTEROPS EVERETTI Zosterops everetti everetti Tweeddale Zosterops everettti Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1877, p. 762 — Cebu. Cebu, central Philippine Islands. ——~— Zosterops everetti basilanica Steere Zosterops Basilanica Steere, 1890, List Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 21— Basilan, Samar, Leyte; re- ~ stricted to Basilan by Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 146. vZosterops forbesi Bangs, 1922, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 83 — Camiguin, near Mindanao. Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Camiguin, Mindanao, and Basilan, Philippine Islands. Zosterops everetti boholensis McGregor Zosterops laeta McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2 (sec. A), p. 8329 — Bohol. Zosterops boholensis McGregor, 1908, Philippine Journ. Sci., 3 (sec. A), p. 2838. New name for Z. laeta Mc- Gregor, nec Z. laeta De Vis, 1897 (= Microeca). Bohol Island, Philippine Islands. 1 Very close to Z. everetti, but both species recorded from Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. — E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 299 ~Zosterops everetti siquijorensis Bourns and Worcester Zosterops siquijorensis Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 21 — Siquijor. Siquijor, Philippine Islands. * Zosterops everetti mandibularis Stresemann Zosterops palpebrosa mandibularis Stresemann, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 211 — Maimbun, Sulu. Sulu Archipelago (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Bongao), Philippine Islands. Zosterops everetti babelo Meyer and Wiglesworth Zosterops babelo Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5 (9), p. 6 — Karakelong, Talaut. Karakelong and Salebabu, Talaut Islands, Indonesia. ~~ Zosterops everetti tahanensis Ogilvie-Grant Zosterops tahanensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 10 — Gunong Tahan, Malay Peninsula. Zosterops aureiventer media Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Ibis, p. 152 — Gunong Sidong, southwestern Sarawak. Zosterops aureiventer parvus Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 56 — Kinabalu, Borneo. North Borneo, Sarawak, and Malaya to Pattani Province (and possibly Satun Province) peninsular Thailand (Bukit Besar). Zosterops everetti wetmorei Deignan Zosterops atricapilla wetmorei Deignan, 1943, Zoologica [New York], 28, p. 202 — Chong, near Trang. Peninsular provinces from Prachuap Kiri Khan south to Trang, Thailand. ZOSTEROPS NIGRORUM Zosterops nigrorum meyleri McGregor Zosterops meylert McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2 (sec. A), p. 348 — Camiguin Island. Camiguin Island, north of Luzon, Philippine Islands. —— Zosterops nigrorum aureiloris Ogilvie-Grant Zosterops aureiloris Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 4, p. 40 — Lepanto, northern Luzon. Northern Luzon south to Manila and on Mindoro, Philip- pine Islands. 300 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops nigrorum luzonica Ogilvie-Grant Zosterops luzonica Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 4, p. 22 — Mayon Volcano, Luzon. Southeastern Luzon (Mayon, Sorsogon), Philippine Islands. ~——-Zosterops nigrorum nigrorum Tweeddale Zosterops nigrorum Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 286 — Valencia, Negros. Negros, Panay, Masbate, Caluya, Ticao, and Cresta de Gallo (near Sibuyan), Philippine Islands. Zosterops nigrorum richmondi McGregor Zosterops flavissima McGregor, 1904 (May), Bull. Philip- pines Mus., no. 4, p. 26 — Cagayancillo Island. Zosterops richmondi McGregor, 1904 (Dec.), Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17, p. 165. New name for Z. flavissima McGregor, nec Z. flavissima Hartert, 1908. Cagayancillo Island, Sulu Sea, Philippine Islands. ZOSTEROPS MONTANA Zosterops montana ternatana Stresemann Zosterops obstinatus ternatanus Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 139 — Ternate, 3,000-4,000 ft. Piek van Ternate, above 1,100 m., Ternate, northern Moluccas. ~~ Zosterops montana obstinata Hartert Zosterops obstinatus Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 238 — Batjan, 4,000 ft. Mountains of Batjan, northern Moluccas. Zosterops montana seranensis Stresemann Zosterops obstinatus seranensis Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 189 — Mt. Pinaia, Seran. Mountains of Ceram, southern Moluccas. ~~ Zosterops montana whiteheadi Hartert Zosterops whiteheadi Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 13 — Lepanto, Luzon. Highlands of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands. ~— Zosterops montana pectoralis Mayr Zosterops montana pectoralis Mayr, 1945, Zoologica [New York], 30, p. 116 — Canloan Volcano, 6,000 ft., Negros. Canloan Volcano, northern Negros, Philippine Islands. ZOSTEROPIDAE 301 Zosterops montana steini Mayr Zosterops montana steini Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 169 — Mt. Ramelan, eastern Timor. Mountains of Timor, Lesser Sunda Islands. ~~ Zosterops montana montana! Bonaparte Z{[osterops| montana Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 398 —- Sumatra [= Mt. Merapi, Padang High- lands, Sumatra, fide Mees, op. cit., p. 184]. Zlosterops| chlorates Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 23 — ‘“Morotai’”’; error = Mt. Merapi, Padang High- lands [based on types of montana]. Zosterops neglecta Seebohm, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 26 — near Tosari, 5,000 ft., eastern Java. Zosterops sarasinorum Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 114 — Mt. Klabat, 2,000 m., north- ern Celebes. Zosterops whiteheadi vulcani Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 14 — Mt. Apo, 8,000 ft., Mindanao. Zosterops halconensis Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2, sec. A, p. 360 — Mt. Halcon, Mindoro. Zosterops palpebrosa foghaensis Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 8347 — Mt. Fogha [= Madang], 5,500 ft., Buru. Zosterops palpebrosa florensis Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 9 — Geli Moetoe, 1,500 m., Flores. Zosterops palpebrosa sindorensis Siebers, 1929, Treubia, 11, p. 151 — Mt. Tjerima, 3,072 m., West Java. Zosterops chlorates korinchi Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 869 — Mt. Korinchi, 10,000 ft., Sumatra. Zosterops chlorates oriochares Stresemann, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 45 — Latimodjong Mountains, 2,300 m., central Celebes. Zosterops chlorates origenes Stresemann, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 46 — Wawa Karaeng, 2,500 m., Lompo Batang [= Peak of Bonthain], southern Celebes. Zosterops montana minor Hoogerwerf and de Boer, 1947, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 28, p. 252 — 1 Mees (1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, pp. 176-189), the latest reviser, synonymizes a large number of names for local populations under the nominate subspecies. Additional revi- sionary work is needed to determine whether or not this large-scale lumping is justified. — E. M. 302 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tegal Aloen-aloen, Mt. Papandajan, 2,500 m., West Java. Zosterops montana minima Hoogerwerf, 1949, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 30, p. 108. New name for Z. montana minor Hoogerwerf and de Boer nec. Z. albiventer minor Meyer, 1874. Zosterops montana diuatae Salomonsen, 19538, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 280 — Mt. Hilong-Hilong, 1,350 m., Diuata Mountains, Agusan, Mindanao. Zosterops montana finitima Ripley and Rabor, 1956, Con- dor, 58, p. 290 — Luzuniaga, 4,000 ft., Mt. Cuernos de Negros, Negros Island, Philippines. Central Sumatra (Padang Highlands), Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores), Celebes, Buru, and Philippine Islands (Mindanao, southern Negros, Min- doro) (for map see Mees, 1957, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 35, p. 172). ~~ Zosterops montana difficilis Robinson and Kloss Zosterops difficilis Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 250 — Mt. Dempo, southern Sumatra (based on Robinson, 1899, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, p. 47, pl. 1, and Sharpe, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus: 9; pelos): Known only from type locality. ZOSTEROPS WALLACEI ~~~ Zosterops wallacei Finsch Zosterops aureifrons Wallace, 1864 (April), Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1863, p. 493 — Flores. Zl[osterops| wallacei Finsch, 1901, Tierreich, 15, p. 23. New name for aureifrons Wallace and for aurifrons Hartlaub (ex Temminck MS), 1865, nec aurifrons Heu- glin, 1863. Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lomblen, and Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands. ZOSTEROPS FLAVA —~— Zosterops flava (Horsfield) Dicaeum flavum Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 170 — Java. ZOSTEROPIDAE 303 Northern coast of western Java and southern coast of Borneo (Bandjermasin district). ZOSTEROPS CHLORIS Zosterops chloris maxi Finsch Zosterops Maxi Finsch, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 302 — Duizend Eilanden, opposite northwestern corner of Java. Zosterops solombensis Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 54, p. 188 — Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea. Zosterops solombensis zachlora Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54, p. 199 — Kalambau, Laurot Island, Java Sea. Zosterops intermedia periplecta Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 484 — Lombok, 1,500 ft. Lombok (up to about 5,000 feet), Nusa Penida, and small islands in Java Sea, including Sepekan, Salembu, Karimata, Thousand Islands, and Karimundjawa. ——~Zlosterops chloris intermedia Wallace Zosterops intermedia Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1863, p. 493 — Makassar and Lombok; restricted to Makassar by Walden, 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, Se ly Zosterops sumbavensis Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 508 — Bima, eastern Sumbawa. Zosterops intermedia kalaotuae Meise, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 446 — Kalao tua. The entire southwestern peninsula of Celebes, islands south of Celebes (Muna, Buton, Djampea, Madu, Bonerate, Kalao, and Kalao tua), and parts of Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Komodo, Rintja, Sumbawa). Zosterops chloris mentoris Meise Zosterops intermedia erwint Meise, 1941, Journ. f. Orn., 89, p. 363 — Rano Lindu, central Celebes. Zosterops intermedia mentoris Meise, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 93, p. 365. New name for erwini Meise, nec Z. palpe- brosa erwini Chasen, 1935. North-central Celebes; Dodepo Island, Gulf of Tomini (subsp.?, see Mees, 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, p. 35). 304 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~~ Zosterops chloris flavissima Hartert Zosterops flavissima Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 29 — Binongka, Tukang Besi Islands. Tukang Besi Islands, southeast of Celebes. Zosterops chloris chloris Bonaparte Z{osterops| chloris Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 398 — Banda. Zosterops tudjuensis van Oort, 1911, Notes Leyden Mus., 34, p. 65 — Pulu Tudju, north of Ceram. Zosterops chloris majauensis Jany, 1955, Journ. f. Orn., 96, p. 102 — Majau Island, between Halmahera and Celebes. Small islands in Moluccan Sea from Aru Islands (Pulu Babi), Kei, and Banda Islands to islands around Ceram, Misol, and Halmahera. ~~ Zosterops chloris albiventris Reichenbach Zlosterops] albiventris Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., Merop., p. 92, t. 451, fig. 3298 — Oceanien [= War- rior Island, Torres Straits, vide Mees, 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, p. 18]. Zosterops griseiventris Sclater, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 199, Tenimbar Islands. Zosterops Bassetti Sharpe, 1894, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 14, p. 57 — Damar Island. Zosterops lettiensis Finsch, 1898, Notes Leyden Mus., 20, p. 136 — Letti Island. Zosterops albiventris cairncrossi Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Ree., 3, p. 62 — Cairncross Island, Queensland. Southwestern Islands (Gunung Api, Wetar, Roma, Damar), Southeastern Islands (Kisser, Letti, Moa, Luang, Sermata, Babar), Tenimbar (Molu, Larat, Selaru), and islands in Torres Straits and along Great Barrier Reef of Queensland, Australia. ~ Zosterops chloris citrinella! Bonaparte Z[osterops| citrinella Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 398 — Timor. Zosterops citrinella intercalata Stresemann, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 217 — Sumba. Timor, Rotti, Sawu, and Sumba. 1 Sylvia Australasiae Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 11, p. 235 — “l’Australasie,” is unidentifiable. —E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 305 Zosterops chloris harterti Stresemann Zosterops palpebrosa harterti Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 347 — Alor. Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. ZOSTEROPS CONSOBRINORUM Zosterops consobrinorum Meyer Zosterops consobrinorum Meyer, 1904, Notes Leyden Mus., 24, p. 234 — southeastern peninsula of Celebes. Southeastern peninsula of Celebes. ZOSTEROPS GRAYI Zosterops grayi Wallace Zosterops grayi Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 494 — Kei Island. Great Kei Island. ZOSTEROPS UROPYGIALIS ~~ Zosterops uropygialis Salvadori Zosterops uropygialis Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6, p. 78 — Little Kei. Restricted to Little Kei (Tual or Nuhu Rowa) Island. ZOSTEROPS ANOMALA ~~ Zosterops anomala Meyer and Wiglesworth Zosterops anomala Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6 (1), p. 12 — southern peninsula of Celebes; restricted to Makassar by Mees, 1961, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 50, p. 56. Southern peninsula of Celebes, north at least to Bolong and Bolokan. ZOSTEROPS ATRICEPS Zosterops atriceps dehaani van Bemmel Zosterops dehaani van Bemmel, 1939, Treubia, 17, p. 125 — Morotai. .Morotai Island, northern Moluccas. = Zosterops atriceps fuscifrons Salvadori Zosterops fuscifrons Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 339 — Halmahera. Zosterops hypoleuca Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. 306 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Genova, 12, p. 340 — “New Guinea”; error for Halma- hera. Halmahera. Zosterops atriceps atriceps Gray Zosterops (?) atriceps G. R. Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 350 — Batjan. Batjan Island. ZOSTEROPS ATRIFRONS Zosterops atrifrons nehrkorni Blasius Zosterops Nehrkorni W. Blasius, 1888, Braunschweigische Anzeigen, 11 Jan., no. 9, p. 86 — Great Sanghir. Great Sanghir Island, north of Celebes. Zosterops atrifrons atrifrons Wallace Zosterops atrifrons Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1863, p. 493 — Menado, North Celebes. Zosterops frontalis Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 342 — “Aru Islands”; error for north Celebes. Zosterops subatrifrons Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6 (2), p. 17 — Peling Island. Z[osterops]| sharpei Finsch, 1901, Tierreich, 15, p. 34. New name for frontalis Salvadori nec frontalis Reichenbach, 1852. Northern peninsula of Celebes; Peling and Banggai Islands. —— ~ Zosterops atrifrons surda Riley Zosterops atrifrons surda Riley, 1919, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 32, p. 95 — Rano Lindu. North-central Celebes. Zosterops atrifrons sulaensis Neumann Zosterops atrifrons sulaensis Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 156 — Taliabu. Sula Islands (Taliabu, Sula Mangoli, Sula Besi). Zosterops atrifrons stalkeri Ogilvie-Grant Zosterops stalkeri Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 96 — Manusela, Ceram. Ceram. ZOSTEROPIDAE 307 Zosterops atrifrons minor Meyer Zosterops albiventer minor Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 115 — Jobi. Japen and mountains of northern New Guinea (Cyclops Mountains, mountains on upper Mamberano, and Sepik Mountains). Zosterops atrifrons rothschildi Stresemann and Paludan Zosterops minor rothschildi Stresemann and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 44 — Gebroeders Moun- tains, Weyland Mountains. Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. ~Zosterops atrifrons chrysolaema Salvadori Zosterops chrysolaema Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 954 — Arfak Mountains. ~ Zosterops minor tenuifrons Greenway, 1934, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 14, p. 3 — Wau, Morobe district. Vogelkop (Tamrau and Arfak), Onin Peninsula, southern slopes of Snow Mountains (Iwaka, upper Digul) ; upper Watut River, Herzog Mountains, and Hydrographer Moun- tains, New Guinea. Zosterops atrifrons gregaria Mayr Zosterops minor gregaria Mayr, 1933, Orn. Monatsb., 41, p. 53 — Sattelberg. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. ~~~ Zosterops atrifrons delicatula Sharpe Zosterops delicatula Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, Zool., 16, p. 318— Moroka district, Astrolabe Mountains. Zosterops delicatula pallidogularis Stresemann, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 222 — Fergusson Island. Southern slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea, east to Milne Bay; Fergusson and Goodenough Islands. Zosterops atrifrons meeki Hartert Zosterops meeki Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5, p. 528 — Sudest Island. Tagula, Louisiade Archipelago. 308 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops atrifrons hypoxantha! Salvadori Zosterops hypoxantha Salvadori, 1881, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 16, p. 623 — New Britain. New Britain and adjacent islands (Uatom, Mioko). Zosterops atrifrons ultima Mayr Zosterops minor ultima Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 45 — New Hanover. New Hanover and New Ireland. Specimens from New Ireland are somewhat intermediate between hypoxantha and ultima. Zosterops atrifrons admiralitatis Rothschild and Hartert Zosterops admiralitatis Rothschild and Hartert, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 108 — Manus. Manus, Admiralty Islands. ZOSTEROPS MYSORENSIS Zosterops mysorensis Meyer Zosterops mysorensis Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 116 — Korido, Supiori, Schouten Islands. Biak Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. ZOSTEROPS FUSCICAPILLA Zosterops fuscicapilla fuscicapilla Salvadori Zosterops fuscicapilla Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 955 — Arfak Mountains. Mountains of western and central New Guinea (Tamrau, Arfak, Weyland, Nassau, and Orange Mountains, mountains on Idenburg River, Cyclop Mountains). Zosterops fuscicapilla crookshanki Mayr and Rand Zosterops fuscicapilla crookshanki Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 16 — Goodenough Island. Goodenough Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. ZOSTEROPS BURUENSIS Zosterops buruensis Salvadori Zosterops buruensis Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 341 — Buru. Buru, southern Moluccas. 1 The three forms hypoxantha, ultima, and admiralitatis are some- times considered a separate species. — EK. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 309 ZOSTEROPS KUEHNI Zosterops kuehni Hartert Zosterops kiihni Hartert, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 82 — Amboina. Amboina, and one record from Ceram (north coast near Wahai). ZOSTEROPS NOVAEGUINEAE Zosterops novaeguineae novaeguineae Salvadori Zosterops novaeguineae Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 341 — Arfak Mountains. Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop, New Guinea. Zosterops novaeguineae aruensis Mees Zosterops novaeguineae aruensis Mees, 1953, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 32, p. 26 — Aru Islands. Wokam and Kabroor, Aru Islands. Zosterops novaeguineae wuroi Mayr and Rand Zosterops novaeguineae wurot Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 16— Wuroi, Oriomo River. Coast of southern New Guinea, west of mouth of Fly River. _—— LZosterops novaeguineae wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard Zosterops novaeguineae wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 14 — Nondugl, Wahgi Valley, central highlands of New Guinea. Zosterops novaeguineae shaw-mayeri Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 14 — Yandara, north slope of Mt. Wilhelm, Bismarck Mountains. Wahgi Valley, Kubor Mountain, south and north slope of Bismarck Mountains, New Guinea. Zosterops novaeguineae crissalis Sharpe Zosterops crissalis Sharpe, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 165 — Astrolabe Mountains. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. Zosterops novaeguineae oreophila Mayr Zosterops novaeguineae oreophila Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 671 — Junzaing, Saruwaged Moun- tains. Mountains of the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. 310 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops novaeguineae magnirostris Mees Zosterops novaeguineae magnirostris Mees, 1955, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 34, p. 153 — Awar. Awar, coast of northwestern New Guinea, opposite Manam Island. ZOSTEROPS METCALFII - Zosterops metcalfii exigua Murphy Zosterops metcalfii exigua Murphy, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 365, p. 5 — Shortland Island, Solomons. Buka, Bougainville, Shortland, and Choiseul, northern Solomon Islands. Zosterops metcalfii metcalfii Tristram Zosterops metcalfu Tristram, 1894, Ibis, p. 29, pl. III — Bugotu [= Ysabel], Solomons. Ysabel and St. George Islands, Solomon Islands. -~—— Zosterops metcalfii floridana Rothschild and Hartert Zosterops floridana Rothschild and Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 180 — Florida Island. Florida Island, Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS NATALIS Zosterops natalis Lister Zosterops natalis Lister, 1889, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 518, pl. 27 — Christmas Island. Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Introduced on Pulu Luar, Cocos—Keeling group. ZOSTEROPS LUTEA Zosterops lutea balstoni Ogilvie-Grant Zosterops balstoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Ibis, p. 663 — Carnarvon, Sharks Bay. Zosterops lutea tribulationis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 384— Point Torment, west Kimberley District. Zosterops lutea headlandi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 836 — Port Headland. Zosterops lutea montebelloensis Ashby, 1925, Emu, 25, p. 116 — Monte Bello Island, north of Barrow Island. ZOSTEROPIDAE auek Western Australia, from the Péron Peninsula and Dick Hartog Islands to western Kimberley District (King Sound). Zosterops lutea lutea Gould Zosterops luteus Gould, 1843, Birds Australia, part XI, pl. 83—Greenhill Island, Van Diemen’s Gulf, off Coburg Peninsula. Zosterops (Tephras?) Gulliveri de Castelnau and Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 383 — Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. Zosterops lutea hecla Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 48 — Hecla Island, northern Kimberley District. From northeastern Kimberley District to eastern coast of Gulf of Carpentaria (Edward River, Cape York). ZOSTEROPS GRISEOTINCTA! ~— Zosterops griseotincta pallidipes De Vis Zosterops pallidipes De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1888-1889, p. 60 — Rossel Island. Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago. ~— Zosterops griseotincta griseotincta Gray Zosterops griseotincta G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 26, p. 175 — “Louisiades” = Duchateau Island. Zosterops aignant Hartert, 1899, Novit. Zool., 6, p. 210 — St. Aignan (= Misima). Misima, Deboyne group, Duchateau Island, and Conflict group, Louisiade Archipelago. Zosterops griseotincta longirostris Ramsay Zosterops longirostris Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3 (1878), p. 288 — Heath Island. Heath [= Rogeia] Island, Bonvouloir group, and Alcester Island, off tip of southeastern New Guinea. ~~ Zosterops griseotincta eichhorni Hartert Zosterops eichhorni Hartert, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 48 — Nissan [= Green] Island. Zosterops longirostris ottomeyeri Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 90 — Nauna Island, east of Rambutjo, Admiralty Islands. 1 Z. griseotincta, rennelliana, luteirostris, vellalavella, and rendovae form a single superspecies. — E. M. 312 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nissan (westernmost Solomon Islands), Nauna, and Long Island (west of New Britain). ZOSTEROPS RENNELLIANA Zosterops rennelliana Murphy Zosterops rennelliana Murphy, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 365, p. 10— Rennell Island, south of Solomon Islands. Rennell Island. ZOSTEROPS VELLALAVELLA Zosterops vellalavella Hartert Zosterops vellalavella Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 106 — Vella Lavella, central Solomons. Vellalavella and Bagga, Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS LUTEIROSTRIS Zosterops luteirostris luteirostris Hartert Zosterops luteirostris Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 61 — Gizo Island. Gizo, central Solomon Islands. Zosterops luteirostris splendida Hartert Zosterops splendida Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 12 — Ganonga Island. Ganonga, central Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS RENDOVAE Zosterops rendovae kulambangrae Rothschild and Hartert Zosterops kulambangrae Rothschild and Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 180 — Kulambangra Island. Kulambangra, New Georgia, Vangunu, and Gatukai, cen- tral Solomon Islands. ~~ Zosterops rendovae rendovae Tristram Zosterops rendovae Tristram, 1882, Ibis, p. 185 — Ren- dova Island. Composite, based on description of a Ren- dova Island specimen, misidentified as Tephras olivacea Ramsay, 1881, nec Certhia olivacea Linnaeus, 1766; restricted to Rendova by Tristram, 1889, Catalog Coll. Birds belonging Tristram, p. 212, and 1894, Ibis, p. 30 (see Galbraith, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 77, pp. 10-16). ZOSTEROPIDAE 313 Zosterops kulambangrae paradoxa Mees, 1955, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 33, p. 300. New name for rendovae, believed inapplicable. Rendova, central Solomon Islands. Zosterops rendovae tetiparia Murphy Zosterops rendovae tetiparia Murphy, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 865, p. 7 — Tetipari Island. Tetipari, central Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS MURPHYI Zosterops murphyi Hartert Zosterops murphyi Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 11 — Kulambangra. Kulambangra, central Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS UGIENSIS Zosterops ugiensis ugiensis (Ramsay) Tephras olivaceus Ramsay, 1881, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, p. 180— ‘Solomon Islands” [=San Cristobal]. Tephras (Zosterops) ugiensis Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 7, p. 28. New name for olivaceus Ramsay nec olivaceus Linnaeus, 1766. Zosterops alberti Rothschild and Hartert, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 8364 — San Cristobal. San Cristobal, Solomon Islands. Apparently not known from Ugi Island. Zosterops ugiensis oblita Hartert Zosterops alberti oblita Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 10 — Guadalcanal. Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Zosterops ugiensis hamlini Murphy Zosterops alberti hamlint Murphy, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 365, p. 3 — Bougainville Island. Mountains of Bougainville, Solomon Islands. ZOSTEROPS STRESEMANNI Zosterops stresemanni Mayr Zosterops stresemanni Mayr, 1981, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504, p. 26 — Malaita. Malaita, Solomon Islands. 314 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ZOSTEROPS SANCTAECRUCIS Zosterops sanctaecrucis Tristram Zosterops sanctae-crucis Tristram, 1894, Ibis, p. 31 — Santa Cruz Island. Santa Cruz Island. ZOSTEROPS SAMOENSIS Zosterops samoensis Murphy and Mathews Zosterops samoensis Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 11 — Savaii. Savali, Samoa. ZOSTEROPS EXPLORATOR! Zosterops explorator Layard Zosterops explorator Layard, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 29 — Kandavu, Fiji. Kandavu, Ovalau, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Taviuni, Fiji Islands. ZOSTEROPS FLAVIFRONS Zosterops flavifrons gauensis Murphy and Mathews Zosterops flavifrons gauensis Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 5 — Gaua. Gaua Island, Banks group. Zosterops flavifrons perplexa Murphy and Mathews Zosterops flavifrons perplexa Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 3 — Ambrym Island. Vanua Lava and Meralav, Banks group; eastern chain of northern New Hebrides (Aoba, Pentecost, Aurora [= Maewo], Ambrym, Pauuma, Lopevi, Epi, Tongoa, and Mai). — — Zosterops flavifrons brevicauda Murphy and Mathews Zosterops flavifrons brevicauda Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 3 — Malo Island. Espiritu Santo and Malo Islands, northern New Hebrides. Zosterops flavifrons macgillivrayi Sharpe Zosterops macgillivrayi Sharpe, 1900, Ibis, p. 345 — Male- kula. Malekula, New Hebrides. 1 Z. explorator, flavifrons, minuta, and sxanthrochroa probably belong to a single superspecies. — E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 315 Zosterops flavifrons efatensis Mayr Zosterops flavifrons efatensis Mayr, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 912, p. 2 — Efate Island. Efate, Nguna, and Erromango Islands, New Hebrides. ~~ Zosterops flavifrons flavifrons (Gmelin) Muscicapa flavifrons Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 944 — Tanna, New Hebrides. Tanna, New Hebrides. Zosterops flavifrons majuscula Murphy and Mathews Zosterops flavifrons majuscula Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 5 — Aneityum. Aneityum, New Hebrides. ZOSTEROPS MINUTA —— Zosterops minuta Layard Zosterops minuta Layard, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 1, p. 375 — Lifu. Lifu, Loyalty Islands. ZOSTEROPS XANTHOCHROA ~~ Zosterops xanthochroa Gray Zosterops xanthochroa Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 161 — Nu (New Caledonia). New Caledonia. ZOSTEROPS LATERALIS —Zosterops lateralis gouldi! Bonaparte Zosterops chloronotus Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1840, p. 165 — ? Swan River, southwestern Aus- tralia. Zosterops gouldi Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 898. New name for Z. chloronotus Gould, nec Dicaeuwm chloronothos Vieillot, 1817. . Zosterops shortridgu Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Ibis, p. 663 — Rabbit Island, Albany, southwestern Australia. Zosterops gouldi warreni Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — Warren River, southwestern Australia. Zosterops australasiae edwint Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 36 — Carnarvon, western Australia. 1 Sylvia australasiae Vieillot, 1817, is unidentifiable. — E. M. 316 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southwestern Australia, from Point Cloates to Kalgoorlie and Esperance, and along the coast into South Australia, east to about Head of the Bight; islands in Sharks Bay, Abrolhos, and Recherche Archipelago. Zosterops lateralis halmaturina Campbell Zosterops halmaturina A. G. Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 148 — Kangaroo Island. Zosterops westernensis flindersensis Ashby, 1925, Emu, 25, p. 117— Flinders Island (off Eyre Peninsula), South Australia. Eyre Peninsula and adjacent islands of west coast and Spencer Gulf, Kangaroo Island, Yorke Peninsula north to southern Flinders Ranges (Buckaringa Gorge) ; east of St. Vincent Gulf from Mt. Lofty region extending in north through Renmark and Mildura to Murrumbidgee Valley (Griffith) ; Broken Hill district (New South Wales) ; south- east through Coorong and adjacent areas to Mt. Gambier region. Nomad or partial migrant. — Zosterops lateralis lateralis (Latham) Sylvia lateralis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 55 — Tasmania [? or mainland]. Dacnis westernensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astro- labe, Zool., 1, p. 215, pl. 11, fig. 4 — Western Port, Vic- toria. Zosterops bowiae Horne, 1907, Emu, 7, p. 36 — Morang, Victoria [color varient]. Zosterops lateralis tasmanica Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 385 — Tasmania. Zosterops lateralis investigator Mathews, 1923, Birds Aus- tralia, 11, p. 1538 — New Zealand. Zosterops lateralis norfolkensis Mathews, 1929, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 10 — Norfolk Island. Tasmania and islands in Bass Straits; in winter in Vic- toria, eastern New South Wales, and southeastern Queens- land (Brisbane). Colonized New Zealand around 1855 and has since spread to most islands of New Zealand area (e.g., Chatham Island, Campbell Island) and to Norfolk Island (in 1904). Zosterops lateralis subsp. Possibly not separable from Tasmanian population. South- ZOSTEROPIDAE 317 eastern Australia, from extreme southeastern corner of South Australia through Victoria and New South Wales to central Queensland (Rockhampton district). Mostly east of Great Divide, but in north inland to Gilgandra and Too- woomba. Zosterops lateralis ramsayi Masters Zosterops ramsayt Masters, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 56— Palm Island, Halifax Bay, Queensland. Zosterops westernensis vegeta Hartert, 1899, Novit. Zool., 6, p. 425 — “Cape York,”’ Queensland. Zosterops lateralis cornwalli Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 385 — Mackay, mid—Queensland. Eastern Queensland from Bowen-Mackay District north to Iron Range, Cape York Peninsula; in fruit growing dis- tricts as far inland as Charters Towers. Zosterops lateralis tephropleura Gould Zosterops tephropleurus Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 166 — Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island. Probably extinct. Zosterops lateralis chlorocephala Campbell and White Zosterops chlorocephalus Campbell and White, 1910, Emu, 10, p. 196—Capricorn Group, off Rockhampton, Queensland. Capricorn group, Queensland, Australia. - —~ Zosterops lateralis griseonota Gray Zosterops griseonota Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 161 — Nu (New Caledonia). New Caledonia. Zosterops lateralis nigrescens Sarasin Zosterops lateralis nigrescens Sarasin, 1913, Vogel Neu- Caledoniens Loyalty—Inseln, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1 (1), p. 84— Maré and Uvea. Maré and Uvea, Loyalty Islands. Zosterops lateralis melanops Gray Zosterops melanops Gray, 1860, Cat Birds Trop. Islands Pacific Ocean, 1859, p. 15 — “Loyalty Is.” [= Lifu.] Lifu, Loyalty Islands. 318 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ~— Zosterops lateralis macmillani Mayr Zosterops lateralis macmillani Mayr, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 912, p. 2 — Tanna. Tanna and Aniwa, New Hebrides. ~~ Zosterops lateralis vatensis Tristram Zosterops vatensis Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 444 — Efate. New Hebrides, from Erromango northward, Banks Islands (except Valua), and Torres group. Zosterops lateralis valuensis Murphy and Mathews Zosterops lateralis valuensis Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 10 — Valua Island. Valua, Banks Islands. ~— Zosterops lateralis flaviceps Peale Zosterops flaviceps Peale, 1848, U. S. Exploring Exped., ed. 1, 8, p. 95 — Vanua Levu, Fiji. Zosterops caerulescens var. kandavensis Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, p. 71 — Kandavu. Zosterops lateralis mugga Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 86 — Viti Levu. New name for Z. flaviceps, Finsch and Hartlaub, 1867, nec flaviceps Peale. Fiji Archipelago: Kandavu group, Koro, Moala, Ovalau, Viti Levu and adjacent islands, Vanua Levu, Kio, Rambi, and Taviuni. ZOSTEROPS STRENUA Zosterops strenua Gould Zosterops strenuus Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 166 — Lord Howe Island. Lord Howe Island. Extinct. ZOSTEROPS TENUIROSTRIS —— Zosterops tenuirostris Gould Zosterops tenuirostris Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1836, p. 76 (also, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 18) — “Murrumbidgee River’; error for Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island. ZOSTEROPIDAE 319 ZOSTEROPS ALBOGULARIS _—— Zosterops albogularis Gould Zosterops albogularis Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1836, p. 75 (also, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 18) — ‘Murrumbidgee River’; error for Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island. ZOSTEROPS INORNATA Zosterops inornata Layard Zosterops inornata Layard, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 1, p. 375 — Lifu, Loyalty Islands. Lifu, Loyalty Islands. ZOSTEROPS CINEREA —— Zosterops cinerea finschii (Hartlaub) Tephras finschii Hartlaub, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 6, pl. 3 — Palau. Babelthuap, Koror, Peleliu, Palau Islands. — Zosterops cinerea ponapensis Finsch Zosterops ponapensis Finsch, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1875, p. 643 — Ponape. Ponape, Caroline Islands. fies Zosterops cinerea cinerea (Kittlitz) Drepanis cinerea Kittlitz, 1832, Kupfert. Naturg. Vogel, 1, p. 6, pl. 8, fig. 2 — Kusaie. Kusaie, Caroline Islands. GENUS WOODFORDIA NorTH Woodfordia North, 1906, Victorian Nat., 23, p. 104. Type, by monotypy, Woodfordia superciliosa North. Sanfordia Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 138. Type, by monotypy, Sanfordia lacertosa Murphy and Mathews. WOODFORDIA SUPERCILIOSA ~——~ Woodfordia superciliosa North Woodfordia superciliosa North, 1906, Victorian Nat., 23, p. 104 — Rennell Island. Rennell Island, Solomon Islands. 320 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD WOODFORDIA LACERTOSA Woodfordia lacertosa (Murphy and Mathews) Sanfordia lacertosa Murphy and Mathews, 1929, Amer. ‘Mus. Novit., no. 356, p. 18 — Santa Cruz Island. Santa Cruz (Ndeni) Island, Santa Cruz group. GENUS RUKIA MOMIYAMA Rukia Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 2. Type, by original designation, Tephras ruki Hartert. Kubaryum Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 1. Type, by original designation, Zosterops oleaginea Hartlaub and Finsch. Megazosterops Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 159. Type, by original designation, Cleptornis palau- ensis Reichenow. Cinnyrorhyncha Takatsukasa and Yamashina, 1931 (“Oct. 15”), Dobuts. Zasshi, 43, p. 599. Type, by mono- typy, C. longirostra Takatsukasa and Yamashina. Rhamphozosterops Mayr, 1931 (Nov. 4), Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 182. Type, by monotypy, R. sanford: Mayr. cf. Mayr, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1269, pp. 6-8. Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, pp. 330-335. RUKIA PALAUENSIS —Rukia palauensis (Reichenow) Cleptornis palauensis Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 125 — Babelthuap, Palau. Babelthuap, Peleliu, Ngurukdapel, Palau Islands. RUKIA OLEAGINEA ~~ — Rukia oleaginea (Hartlaub and Finsch) Zosterops oleaginea Hartlaub and Finsch, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 95 — Yap. Yap, Caroline Islands. RUKIA RUKI ~— Rukia ruki (Hartert) Tephras ruki Hartert, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 7, p. 5 — Ruk Island. Truk, Caroline Islands. ZOSTEROPIDAE 321 RUKIA LONGIROSTRA ~——~ Rukia longirostra (Takatsukasa and Yamashina) Cinnyrorhyncha longirostra Takatsukasa and Yamashina, 1931 (“Oct. 15”), Dobuts. Zasshi, 43, p. 599 — Ponape. Rhamphozosterops sanfordi Mayr, 1931 (Nov. 4), Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 182 — Ponape. Ponape, Caroline Islands. GENUS TEPHROZOSTEROPS! STRESEMANN Tephrozosterops Stresemann, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 234. Type, by monotypy, Tephras stalkeri Ogilvie-Grant. TEPHROZOSTEROPS STALKERI s ~——~Tephrozosterops stalkeri (Ogilvie-Grant) Tephras stalkeri Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 90 — Gunung Karopi, central Ceram. Mountains of Ceram, Moluccas. GENUS MADANGA ROTHSCHILD AND HARTERT Madanga Rothschild and Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 117. Type, by monotypy, M. ruficollis Roths- child and Hartert. MADANGA RUFICOLLIS Madanega ruficollis Rothschild and Hartert Madanga ruficollis Rothschild and Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 118 — Wa Fehat, 2,700 ft., Buru. Mountains of northwestern Buru (Fogha), southern Moluccas. GENUS LOPHOZOSTEROPS HARTERT Oreosterops Hartlaub (ex Bonaparte MS), 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 26, nec Oreosterops Bonaparte, 1854. Type, by monotypy, Sylvia javanica Horsfield. Lophozosterops Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 567. Type, by original designation, L. dohertyi Hartert. 1 The genera Tephrozosterops, Madanga, Lophozosterops and Oculo- cincta may have to be combined with Heleia. The 11 species in these 5 “genera” seem to form a natural group. — E. M. 322 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ( Apoia Hachisuka, 1930, Contr. Birds Philippines, no. 2, p. 205. Type, by monotypy, Zosterops goodfellowi Hartert. cf. Mees, 1953, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 32, pp. 58-64. LOPHOZOSTEROPS PINAIAE Lophozosterops pinaiae (Stresemann) Oreosterops pinaiae Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 5 — Gunung Pinaia, central Ceram. Mountains of central Ceram, Moluccas. LOPHOZOSTEROPS GOODFELLOWI ~~ Lophozosterops goodfellowi goodfeliowi (Hartert) Zosterops goodfellowi Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 138 — Mt. Apo, 8,000 ft., Mindanao. Mt. Apo, central Mindanao, Philippine Islands. ~~Lophozosterops goodfellowi malindangensis Mearns Zosterops goodfellowi malindangensis Mearns, 1909, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36, p. 443 — Mt. Malindang. Mt. Malindang, northwestern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. LOPHOZOSTEROPS SQUAMICEPS ———Lophozosterops squamiceps squamiceps (Hartert) Chlorocharis squamiceps Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 70 — peak of Bonthain. Mountains of southern Celebes (Lombasang). Lophozosterops squamiceps stachyrina (Stresemann) Pseudozosterops squamiceps stachyrina Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 107 — Latimodjong Mountains. . Mountains of south-central Celebes. Gi Lophozosterops squamiceps striaticeps Riley Lophozosterops striaticeps Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31, p. 157 — Gunung Lehio. Mountains of north-central Celebes. ~ ~Lophozosterops squamiceps analoga (Stresemann) Pseudozosterops squamiceps analoga Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 107 — Mengkoka Mountains. Mountains of southeastern Celebes. ZOSTEROPIDAE 323 ~ ~Lophozosterops squamiceps heinrichi (Stresemann) Pseudozosterops squamiceps heinrichi Stresemann, 1981, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 82 — Matinan Mountains. Matinan Mountains of northern Celebes. Lophozosterops squamiceps stresemanni (van Marle) Pseudozosterops squamiceps stresemanni van Marle, 1940, Limosa, 13, p. 69 — Soputan, western Minahassa, north- ern Celebes. Known only from type locality. LOPHOZOSTEROPS JAVANICA ——~ Lophozosterops javanica frontalis (Reichenbach) Zosterops frontalis Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. Merop., p. 94, pl. 463 — “Port Essington,’ [=W. Java]; re- stricted to Mt. Gedeh by Bartels and Stresemann, 1929, Treubia, 11, p. 148. Mountains of extreme western Java (Mt. Karang, Mt. Pangrango-Gedeh). ~~ Lophozosterops javanica javanica (Horsfield) Sylvia Javanica Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 156 — Java. Mountains of central and eastern Java, from Papandajan and Bandung district eastward. Lophozosterops javanica elongata (Stresemann) Oreosterops javanica elongata Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, p. 366 — Gunung Bratan, Bali. Mountains of Bali and extreme eastern Java (Idjen Plateau). LOPHOZOSTEROPS SUPERCILIARIS Lophozosterops superciliaris hartertiana (Rensch) Zosterops superciliaris hartertiana Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 8 — Batu Dulang, Sumbawa. Mountains of western Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands. Lophozosterops superciliaris superciliaris (Hartert) Zosterops superciliaris Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 172, pl. 3 — southern Flores. Mountains of Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. 324. CHECK~-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD LOPHOZOSTEROPS DOHERTYI ~~ Lophozosterops dohertyi dohertyi Hartert Lophozosterops dohertyi Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 568 — Tambora, Sumbawa. Mid-mountain forest (600-1,100 m.) of Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands. ~—~Lophozosterops dohertyi subcristata Hartert Lophozosterops subcristatus Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 171 — southern Flores. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. GENUS OCULOCINCTA MEES Oculocincta Mees, 1953, Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 32, p. 64. Type, by monotypy, Zosterops squamifrons Sharpe. OCULOCINCTA SQUAMIFRONS Oculocincta squamifrons (Sharpe) Zosterops squamifrons Sharpe, 1892, Ibis, p. 323 — Mt. Dulit, Sarawak. Hills and mountains of West Borneo, Sarawak, and North Borneo, from Penrissen and Kenapai to Kinabalu and Mt. Magdalena. GENUS HELEIA HARTLAUB Heleia Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 26. Type, by monotypy, H. Miilleri Hartlaub. Pseudozosterops Finsch, 1901, Tierreich, 15, p. 46. New name for Heleia Hartlaub, erroneously believed pre- occupied by Helia Hiibner. HELEIA MUELLERI ~~ Heleia muelleri Hartlaub H{eleia] Miilleri1 Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 26 — Timor. Lowlands of western Timor. HELEIA CRASSIROSTRIS - —~Heleia crassirostris crassirostris (Hartert) Zosterops crassirostris Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 172, pl. 3 — southern Flores. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. ZOSTEROPIDAE 325 Heleia crassirostris junior (Rensch) Pseudozosterops crassirostris junior Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 8 — Batu Dulang, Sumbawa. Sumbawa (800 m.), Lesser Sunda Islands. GENUS CHLOROCHARIS SHARPE Chlorocharis Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 392. Type, by original designation, Chlorocharis emiliae Sharpe. if. CHLOROCHARIS EMILIAE ~~ ~Chlorocharis emiliae emiliae Sharpe Chlorocharis emiliae Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 392 — Kina- balu, Borneo. Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo. Chlorocharis emiliae trinitae Harrisson Chlorocharis emiliae trinitae Harrisson, 1957, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 7 (1956), p. 520 — Mt. Trus Madi, 7,900 ft., North Borneo. Mt. Trus Madi, North Borneo. Chlorocharis emiliae fusciceps Mees Chlorocharis emiliae fusciceps Mees, 1954, Ardea, 42, p. 856 — Maga Mountains, Ulu Trusan, Sarawak. Mountains west of Trusan River, northeastern Sarawak. Chlorocharis emiliae moultoni Chasen and Kloss Chlorocharis emiliae moultont Chasen and Kloss, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 47 — Mt. Poi, westernmost Sarawak. Mountains of Sarawak (Mt. Poi in west, Mulu and Murud in northeast), but apparently absent from Dulit, Kululong, Penrissen, and Kelabit highlands. GENUS INCERTAE SEDIS ERNST MAYR GENUS HYPOCRYPTADIUS HARTERT Hypocryptadius Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 183. Type, by monotypy, H. cinnamomeus Hartert. 326 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD HYPOCRYPTADIUS CINNAMOMEUS ——? Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus malindangensis Rand and Rabor! Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus malindangensis Rand and Rabor, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 18 — Gandawan, 4,500-5,500 ft., Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao. Mt. Malindang, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus cinnamomeus Hartert Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 183 — Mt. Apo and Katanglad, Min- danao. Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. ? Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus pallidigula de Schauensee and du Pont} Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus pallidigula de Schauensee and du Pont, 1962, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 114, p. 171 — Daggayan, 4,500 ft., Misamis Oriental. Coastal mountains in Misamis Oriental Province, northern Mindanao, Philippine Islands. AFRICAN AND INDIAN OCEAN TAXA2 REGINALD E. MOREAU ef. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., pp. 672-681. Grant and Mackworth—Praed, 19438, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, pp. 69-70 (pallida). Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1945, Ibis, 87, pp. 1-11 (senegalensis and virens). Moreau, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 73, pp. 70-71 (phyllicus) . —, 1957, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 4, pp. 312-433 (monograph; distribution and variation in African forms). White, 1963, Revised Check List African Flycatchers, Tits, ... White-eyes, ... and Waxbills, pp. 86-94. 1 Both names are of doubtful validity. It may be best to treat this as a monotypic species. — EK. M. 2 MS read by C. W. Benson. ZOSTEROPIDAE oa GENUS ZOSTEROPS VIGORS AND HORSFIELD!: 2 ZOSTEROPS ABYSSINICA a Zosterops abyssinica abyssinica Guérin-Méneville ‘\Zosterops abyssinicus Guérin-Méneville, 1843, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 6, p. 162 — Abyssinia. Lowlands of Eritrea and eastern Ethiopia; southeastern Sudan (Erkowit). Zosterops abyssinica socotrana Neumann Zosterops abyssinica socotrana Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 59 — Dahamis, Socotra. Socotra and northern Somalia (British Somaliland). Zosterops abyssinica arabs Lorenz and Hellmayr Zosterops arabs Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 31 — Yeshbum. Yemen and extreme north of Aden Protectorate. Zosterops abyssinica omoensis Neumann Zosterops omoensis Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 162 — Senti Valley, between Uba and Gofa. Southwestern Ethiopia, up to about 5,000 feet. Zosterops abyssinica jubaensis Erlanger Zosterops jubaensis Erlanger, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 182 — Damasso. Zosterops smithti Neumann, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 1389 — Sillul, Bodele, Somaliland. Zosterops senegalensis australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 15 — Yavello. Southeastern Ethiopia, Somalia (except north), and ex- treme northern Kenya. 1 The very tentative and complicated taxonomy of the genus Zosterops in Africa must be stressed. Intergrading between subspecies is so general that it seems more realistic to specify the known excep- tions, as has been done in the following pages. Also, with a single exception, which is noted in the appropriate place, relationships be- tween species, both on the continent and on the islands, are problem- atical and hence no arrangement that is of any “natural” significance can be devised. It seems, however, convenient to separate from the continental species those which are confined to the islands (in the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea). —R. E. M. 2 For generic synonymy see pp. 290-291. — R. E. M. 328 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ——TZosterops abyssinica flavilateralis Reichenow Zosterops flavilateralis Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 193 — East Africa [type in Berlin Museum from Ndi, Teita]. Zosterops senegalensis fricki Mearns, 19138, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61 (20), p. 6 — Bowlder Hill, Thika River, Kenya. Zosterops massaica van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 192 — Sagala. Eastern Kenya south through eastern Tanzania (Tangan- yika) to the central railway. ZOSTEROPS PALLIDA1 -Zosterops pallida pallida Swainson Zosterops pallida Swainson, 1838, Anim. Menag., p. 295 — South Africa; restricted to 10 miles east of Prieska, Cape Province, by Grant and Mackworth—Praed, 1957, Ostrich, 28, p. 174. Zosterops sundevalli Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 8 — Caffraria superiore prope Vaal river. Zosterops deserticola Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 433 — lower Orange River. Zosterops vaalensis Gunning and Roberts, 1911, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 3, p. 115 — Venterskroon. Zosterops capensis haigamchabensis Bradfield, 1944, New South African Ornithological Records and New Forms, Johannesburg [privately published pamphlet] — Hai- gamchab, Goanikontes, Swakop River. Southern South West Africa, northwest of Western Cape Province, southwestern Transvaal, and Orange Free State. ZOSTEROPS SENEGALENSIS —— Zosterops senegalensis senegalensis Bonaparte Zosterops senegalensis Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 399 — Senegal. 1 While these pages were in proof a rearrangement of the South African Zosterops appeared (Clancey, 1966, Durban Mus. Novit., 7, pp. 563-566), in which the subspecies sundevalli is resuscitated for birds of the Vaal and upper Orange basins and caniviridis Clancey, 1962, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 159 — Pretoria, Transvaal, is recog- nized for birds of southeastern and eastern Bechuanaland and high- veld of Transvaal; also, on evidence of marginal interbreeding, which is understood to be awaiting publication, Z. virens is regarded as con- specific with Z. pallida. —R. KE. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 329 Zosterops striimpellt Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 191 — Kangala. Zosterops genderuensis Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 192 — Genderu Mountains. Zosterops savannae Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 48 — Bosum. Northern tropical Africa, between Sahara and evergreen forest, from Senegal to western Ethiopia and south to Uganda and northern Congo. —— Zosterops senegalensis demeryi Biittikofer Zosterops demeryi Biittikofer, 1890, Notes Leyden Mus., 12, p. 202 — Robertsport, Liberia. Zosterops obsoleta Biittikofer, 1890, Notes Leyden Mus., 12, p. 203 — Robertsport, Liberia. Zosterops senegalensis leoninus W. Sclater, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 86 — Bo, Sierra Leone. Forest clearings in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast. ——Zosterops senegalensis stenocricota Reichenow Zosterops senegalensis stenocricota Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 191 — Buea, 950 m., Cameroon Mountain. Zosterops phyllicus Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 192 — “Kufum in Nord-Kamerun”. Zosterops stenocricota poensis Bannerman, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 35, p. 54 — Bantabari, Fernando Po. Zosterops pusillus Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 48 — Nola Mbaiki. Southeastern Nigeria, east through high rainfall area of Cameroons, and south into Gabon. ~~ Zosterops senegalensis stuhlmanni Reichenow Zosterops stuhlmanni Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 54 — Bukoba. Zosterops scotti Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 24 — Ruwenzori, 8,000 ft., Yerua Forest. Zosterops schubotzi Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 160 — at foot of Ronssoro [Ruwenzori]. North and west of Lake Victoria, intergrading through Ruwenzori and Kivu Mountains with reichenowt. 330 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops senegalensis reichenowi Dubois Zosterops virens reichenowi Dubois, 1911, Rev. France. Orn., 2, p. 18 — Baraka. Mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika. - Zosterops senegalensis toroensis Reichenow Zosterops toroensis Reichenow, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 133—Kitamba, Uvamba [=Bwamba district, Uganda]. Lowlands north of Ruwenzori, west to Ituri district of Congo and south along eastern edge of Congo basin. _- Zosterops senegalensis jacksoni Neumann Zosterops jacksoni Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 23 — Mau, Kenya. Zosterops virens garguensis Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61 (20), p. 7— Mt. Gargues, 7,100 ft. Zosterops bayeri Lénnberg, 1917, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa., 5 (2), p. 100 — Londiani, Kenya.! Zosterops elgonensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 191 — Bukedi, Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Zosterops yalensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 191 — Kaimosi, western Kenya. Western Kenya, Elgon to Kavirondo and south to Loliondo in northern Tanzania (Tanganyika) ; also east of Rift Valley in Kenya to Laikipia, Matthews Range, Mt. Nyiro, and Mt. Marsabit. Zosterops senegalensis kasaica Chapin Zosterops stenocricotus kasaicus Chapin, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 570, p. 15— Luluabourg, Kasai district. Southwestern Congo and northeastern Angola. Zosterops senegalensis heinrichi Meise Zosterops senegalensis heinrichi Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 2 (1957), p. 80 — Canzele, Cuanza Norte, Angola. Northern Angola, in Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul. A pop- ulation intermediate between kasaica and quanzae. 1 Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa., 5 (2), bears date 30 September 1917; the description also appeared, this time in English, in Arkiv Zool., 11 (5), p. 8, published 9 October 1917.— R. E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE Soll Zosterops senegalensis quanzae de Schauensee Zosterops virens quanzae de Schauensee, 1932, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 84, p. 198— Quanza River, Angola. Angola, from Malange to northern Huila. —— Zosterops senegalensis anderssoni Shelley Zosterops anderssoni Shelley, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 5— Damaraland [type in British Museum from Elephant Vley]. Zosterops niassae Reichenow, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 113 — Ungoni: Songea, Tanganyika. Zosterops flavilateralis tongensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 14, p. 242 — Manaba, northern Zulu- land. Southern Angola, extreme northern South West Africa, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), extreme northern Bechuana- land, southeastern Congo, Malawi (Nyasaland), southern Tanzania (Tanganyika), Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia), Mozambique, northeastern Transvaal, and northern Zulu- land. - ~ Zosterops senegalensis stierlingi Reichenow Zosterops stierlingi Reichenow, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 418 — Iringa in Uhehe. Zosterops. virens usambarae Reichenow, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 42 — Mlalo in Usambara. \ Zosterops virens sarmenticia Bangs and Loveridge, 1931, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12, p. 95 — Igale, Poroto Mountains, southwestern Tanganyika. Mountains of Tanzania (Tanganyika) from Usambara southward; Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) on western edge of Nyika Plateau; Malawi (Nyasaland) ; Namuli Mountain in Mozambique; birds on Imatong group of mountains on Sudan-Uganda border are indistinguishable. Zosterops senegalensis kirki Shelley Zosterops kirki Shelley, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 676 — Grande Comore. Grande Comore, Comoro Islands. ~~ Zosterops senegalensis poliogastra Heuglin Zosterops poliogastra Heuglin, 1861, Ibis, p. 357 — high- lands of Abyssinia. Soe CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops poliogastra erlangeri Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 60 — Gadat in Gofa. Highlands of Ethiopia (including Eritrea), except south- west. ——Tosterops senegalensis kaffensis Neumann Zosterops kaffensis Neumann, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 10 — Anderatscha, Kaffa. Zosterops schoana Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 185 — Abuje, Gindeberat, Shoa. Highlands of Ethiopia, mainly south of Lake Tana. Zosterops senegalensis kulalensis Williams Zosterops pallida kulalensis Williams, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 101 — Kulal Mountain. Kulal Mountain, northern Kenya. ———~Tosterops senegalensis kikuyuensis Sharpe Zosterops kikuyuensis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 444 — Kikuyu. Zosterops virens somereni Hartert, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 207 — Mt. Kenya above Chuka. Kenya highlands east of the Rift, Ngong to Aberdare Mountains, and Mt. Kenya. Zosterops senegalensis eurycricota Fischer and Reichenow Zosterops eurycricotus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 55— am Fusz des Maeru-Berg (Massai) [= Mt. Meru]. Zosterops meruensis Sclater and Moreau, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 56, p. 14 — Mt. Meru. Kilimanjaro, Meru, Mondul, Essimingor, Lolkissale, and Lossogoni Mountains, northern Tanzania (Tanganyika). ~~ Zosterops senegalensis silvana Peters and Loveridge Zosterops silvanus Peters and Loveridge, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48, p. 77 — Mt. Mbololo, 4,800 ft., aeeviGels Taita and Kasigau Mountains, southern Kenya. ~——Zosterops senegalensis mbuluensis Sclater and Moreau Zosterops mbuluensis Sclater and Moreau, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 56, p. 13 — Oldeani. Zosterops kikuyuensis chyuluensis van Someren, 1939, Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 114 — Chyulu Mountains. ZOSTEROPIDAE 339 Mountains of North Pare and Mbulu district, northern Tanzania (Tanganyika); Chyulu Mountains, southern Kenya. ~ Zosterops senegalensis winifredae Sclater Zosterops winifredae Sclater, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 14 — Chome, South Pare Mountains. South Pare Mountains, northeastern Tanzania (Tangan- yika). ZOSTEROPS VIRENS ~~ Zosterops virens capensis Sundevall —< eS Zosterops capensis Sundevall, 1850 Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, p. 102 — “in regione urbis Capensis” [type in Stockholm Museum from Rondebosch']. Western Cape Province, north to Kamiesberg and east to Knysna. Zosterops virens atmorii Sharpe Zosterops atmorti Sharpe, 1877, in Layard, Birds South Africa, ed. 2, p. 326 — Grahamstown. Zosterops capensis basuticus Roberts, 1936, Ann. Trans- vaal Mus., 18, p. 256 — Port St. John. Cape Province (east of capensis), Basutoland, and south- ern Natal. Zosterops virens virens Sundevall? Zosterops virens Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, p. 101 — Caffraria [type in Stockholm Mu- seum from Port Natal (= Durban) ]. Cape Province from about Port Elizabeth eastward, Natal, Zululand, Transvaal, southeastern Bechuanaland, and ex- treme southern Mozambique. ZOSTEROPS BORBONICA Zosterops borbonica borbonica (Gmelin)? Motacilla borbonica Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 981 — Bourbon and [error] Madagascar. 1 Sylvia annulosa Swainson, 1823, Zool. Ill., 3, p. 164, is regarded as intended for the Madagascar bird (cf. Sclater, 1911, Ibis., p. 280). — R. E. M. 2 For the overlap between gray-bellied birds (atmorii) and yellow- bellied forms (nominate virens) in southeastern Africa, see map in Moreau, 1957, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 4, p. 876. — R. E. M. 3 Describing two new subspecies, Z. b. xerophila and Z. b. alopekion, 334 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zosterops e.newtoni Hartlaub, 1877, Vogel Madagascars, p. 97 — Bourbon; restricted to Nez de Boeuf, 5 km. east of le Vingt-Septiéme, 2,100 m., by Storer and Gill, 1966, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 648, p. 2. Zosterops borbonica xerophila Storer and Gill, 1966, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 648, p. 4 — Etang Salé les Bains, sea level, Réunion. Zosterops borbonica alopekion Storer and Gill, 1966, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 648, p. 5— one km. north of Cilaos, 1,500 m., Réunion. Réunion. ~~ Zosterops borbonica mauritiana (Gmelin) Motacilla mauritiana Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 981 — Isle de France. Mauritius. ZOSTEROPS FICEDULINA Zosterops ficedulina ficedulina Hartlaub Zosterops ficedulina Hartlaub, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 827 — hilly parts of Principe Island. Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea. Zosterops ficedulina feae Salvadori Zosterops feae Salvadori, 1901, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 16 (414), p. 1— Thome [= So Tomé]. Sao Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea. ZOSTEROPS GRISEOVIRESCENS! Zosterops griseovirescens Bocage Zosterops griseovirescens Barboza du Bocage, 1893, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2, 3, p. 18 — Annobon. Annobon Island, Gulf of Guinea. Storer and Gill, 1966, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 648, accept four on the island of Réunion, which has an area of about one thousand square miles. Color of plumage and size of bird are shown to be affected in accord with Gloger’s and Bergmann’s rules. While the variation demonstrated is of great interest, formal naming ap- pears to be inappropriate, especially since no areas can be delimited for the subspecies and transitional populations must be presumed to occupy much of the island. —R. E. M. 1 Appears closely related to ficedulina. — R. E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 335 ZOSTEROPS MADERASPATANA Zosterops maderaspatana aldabrensis Ridgway Zosterops aldabrensis Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 371 — Aldabra. Aldabra Island, north of Madagascar. ~—~ Zosterops maderaspatana maderaspatana (Linnaeus) Motaciila maderaspatana Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 384 — Madagascar. Zosterops madagascariensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 981 — [Madagascar]!. Sylvia annulosa Swainson, 1823, Zool. Ill., 3, pl. 164. Zosterops hovarum Tristram, 1887, Ibis, p. 2835 — Mada- gascar. Zosterops madagascariensis gloriosae Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 372 — Gloriosa Island. Zosterops maderaspatana ampotakae Salomonsen, 1934, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 222 — Ampotaka, southwest Madagascar. Zosterops maderaspatana analoga Salomonsen, 1934, Novit. Zool. 39, p. 208 — Manjakatompo, Ankaratta Mountains. Madagascar and Gloriosa Island. Zosterops maderaspatana anjouanensis Newton Zosterops anjouanensis E. Newton, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 297 — Anjouan Island. Anjouan, Comoro Islands. Zosterops maderaspatana comorensis Shelley Zosterops comorensis Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 196 — Grand Comoro Island; error for Mohéli Island (fide Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, p. 90). Mohéli, Comoro Islands. Zosterops maderaspatana voeltzkowi Reichenow Zosterops voltzkowi Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 180 — Europa Island. Europa Island, Mozambique Channel. 1 ef. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 678. — R. E. M. 2 Refers to the Madagascar Zosterops, not to the Cape form (cf. Sclater, 1911, Ibis, p. 280).— R. E. M. 336 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ZOSTEROPS MAYOTTENSIS Zosterops mayottensis semiflava Newton Zosterops semiflava EK. Newton, 1867, Ibis, p. 354 — Marianne Island. Marianne Island, Seychelles. Extinct. Zosterops mayottensis mayottensis Schlegel Zosterops mayottensis Schlegel, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 422 — Mayotte. Mayotte, Comoro Islands. ZOSTEROPS MODESTA Zosterops modesta Newton Zosterops modesta E. Newton, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 3, p. 345 — Mahé. Mahé Island, Seychelles. ZOSTEROPS MOURONIENSIS Zosterops mouroniensis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet Zosterops mouroniensis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 221 — Grande Comore. Grande Comore, above 1,700 meters, Comoro Islands. ZOSTEROPS OLIVACEA! Zosterops olivacea olivacea (Linnaeus) Certhia olivacea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 185 — Madagascar [error]. Zosterops haesitata Hartlaub, 1861, Orn. Beitr. Fauna Madagascar, p. 41 — Réunion. Réunion. ~—— Zosterops olivacea chloronothos (Vieillot) Dicaeum chloronothos Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 9, p. 408 — no locality. Zosterops curvirostris Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 563 — Isle de France. Mauritius. 1 For use of this name see Moreau, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 77, pp. 7-8. —R. E. M. ZOSTEROPIDAE 337 ZOSTEROPS VAUGHANI Zosterops vaughani Bannerman Zosterops vaughani Bannerman, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 41 — Pemba Island. Pemba Island. GENUS SPEIROPS REICHENBACH Speirops Reichenbach, 1852, Syn. Aves Alced. Merop., p. 98. Type, by original designation, Zosterops lugubris Hartlaub. SPEIROPS BRUNNEA Speirops brunnea Salvadori Speirops brunnea Salvadori, 1903, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 18 (442), p. 1 — Fernando Po. Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea. SPEIROPS LEUCOPHOEA ~— Speirops leucophoea (Hartlaub) Parinia leucophoea Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 71 — “Gabon” [error for Principe]. Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea. SPEIROPS LUGUBRIS Speirops lugubris melanocephala Gray Zosterops (Speirops) melanocephala G. R. Gray, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 10, p. 444 — Cameroon Mountain, 7,000 ft. Cameroon Mountain, at high altitudes. Speirops lugubris lugubris (Hartlaub) Zosterops lugubris Hartlaub, 1848, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 11, p. 109 — Sao Thomé. Sao Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea. 338 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD FAMILY MELIPHAGIDAE! FINN SALOMONSEN ef. Mathews, 1924-25, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 241-566; 12, pp. 2-128. Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 1-30 (Melanesia). Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 190-211. Van Bemmel, 1948, Treubia, 19, pp. 332-334 (Moluccas). Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, pp. 41-43 (Melanesia). McGill, 1960, Hand List Birds New South Wales, pp. 43- 46. Immelmann, 1961, Journ. f. Orn., 102, pp. 164-207 (bi- ology of Australian species) . Keast, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 123, pp. 377-387 (speciation). Serventy and Whittell, 1962, Birds Western Australia, ed. 3, pp. 365-385. Condon, 1962, South Australian Orn., 23, pp. 136-140 (South Australia). Gannon, 1962, Emu, 62, pp. 145-166 (distribution of Australian species). Officer, 1964, Austrialian Honeyeaters, pp. 1-85, color pl. 1-12. Salomonsen, 196?, A Monograph of the Meliphagidae (in preparation) .? GENUS TIMELIOPSIS SALVADORI Timeliopsis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 963. Type, by original designation, Timeliop- sis trachycoma Salvadori = Huthyrhynchus griseigula Schlegel. TIMELIOPSIS FULVIGULA Timeliopsis fulvigula fulvigula (Schlegel) Euthyrhynchus fulvigula Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 4 (1873), p. 40 — Arfak Mountains, New Gui- nea. 1 MS read by K. A. Hindwood, A. R. McGill, and D. L. Serventy. 2 This work is mentioned because it forms the basis for the present check-list. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 339 Timeliopsis? acutirostris Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 964— Arfak Mountains, New Guinea; cf. Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 78. Euthyrhynchus fulvigularis Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 287. New spelling. Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Timeliopsis fulvigula montana Mayr Timeliopsis fulvigula montana Mayr, 19381, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 659 — Mt. Goliath, Oranje Range, New Guinea. Mountains of central New Guinea, from Weyland Moun- tains east to Wharton Range; in latter area merging with meyert. Timeliopsis fulvigula meyeri (Salvadori) Euthyrhynchus meyeri Salvadori, 1896, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, 16, p. 97 — Moroka, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west to Wharton Range. Timeliopsis fulvigula fuscicapilla Mayr Timeliopsis fulvigula fuscicapilla Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 658 — Junzaing, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Doubtfully distinct from meyer. TIMELIOPSIS GRISEIGULA Timeliopsis griseigula griseigula (Schlegel) Euthyrhynchus griseigula Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 4 (1873), p. 39 — Sorong (west coast of Vogel- kop Peninsula) and west coast of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea; restricted to Sorong by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 190. Western New Guinea, including Vogelkop Peninsula, east on north coast to Humboldt Bay and on south coast to foot- hills of Weyland Mountains. Timeliopsis griseigula fulviventris (Ramsay) Plectorhyncha (?) fulviventris Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, p. 718 — mountains of south- eastern New Guinea. 340 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Acrocephalus cervinus De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 386 — Boi- rave, southeastern New Guinea; cf. Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 152 and pl. 24, fig. 10. Southeastern New Guinea, west on north coast to Kumusi River and on south coast to Port Moresby district. GENUS MELILESTES SALVADORI Melilestes Salvadori, 1876 (before July), Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 950. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis megarhynchus G. R. Gray. Melidipnus Cabanis and Reichenow, 1876 (July), Journ. f. Orn., 24, p. 321. Type, by monotypy, Ptilotis mega- rhynchus G. R. Gray. Stresemannia Meise, 1950, Orn. Berichte, 2, p. 118. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Lichmera bou- gainvillei Mayr. MELILESTES MEGARHYNCHUS Melilestes megarhynchus vagans (Bernstein) Arachnothera vagans Bernstein, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 405 — Waigeu Island. Ptilotis rostrata Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 478 — ‘‘New Guinea, Waigiou and Mysol”; restricted to Waigeu Island by Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 249. Waigeu and Batanta Islands. Melilestes megarhynchus brunneus Salomonsen Melilestes megarhynchus brunneus Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 1— Siwi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Misol and Salawati in western Papuan islands, and Vogel- kop and Onin Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Melilestes megarhynchus megarhynchus (Gray) Ptilotis megarhynchus G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 174 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands; southern New Guinea from Weyland Moun- tains eastward, and entire southeastern New Guinea, on north coast west to Huon Peninsula. Melilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hartert Melilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hartert, 1930, MELIPHAGIDAE 341 Novit. Zool., 36, p. 45— Hollandia, northern New Guinea. Northern New Guinea from Astrolabe Bay west to Geel- vink Bay; Japen Island. MELILESTES BOUGAINVILLEI Melilestes bougainvillei (Mayr) Lichmera bougainvillei Mayr, 19382, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 16 — Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands. Bougainville, Solomon Islands. GENUS TOXORHAMPHUS STRESEMANN Toxorhamphus Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 394. Type, by original designation, Cinnyris NovaeGuineae Lesson. ef. Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, p. 866 (polopterus). Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Arkiv Zool. ser. 2, 8, p. 156 ( poli- opterus) . TOXORHAMPHUS NOVAEGUINEAE Toxorhamphus novaeguineae novaeguineae (Lesson) Cinnyris NovaeGuineae Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd. Levrault), 50, p. 22— Dorey [= Manokwari], north- western New Guinea. Melilestes chloreus Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 126 — Sepik River, northern New Guinea. Misol, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu, and Japen Islands; western New Guinea, on north coast east to Astrolabe Bay and upper Ramu River and on south coast to Weyland Mountains, where intergrades with flaviventris. Toxorhamphus novaeguineae flaviventris (Rothschild and Hartert) Melilestes novae-guineae flaviventris Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 44 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands and southern New Guinea between Utakwa River and middle Fly River. TOXORHAMPHUS POLIOPTERUS Toxorhamphus poliopterus maximus Rand Toxorhamphus poliopterus maximus Rand, 1941, Amer. 342 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 13 — Idenburg River, northern New Guinea. Northern slope of central mountain ranges in New Guinea, from Weyland Mountains to Oranje Range. Toxorhamphus poliopterus septentrionalis Mayr and Rand Toxorhamphus poliopterus septentrionalis Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 14 — Saru- waged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Mountains from middle Sepik River to Bismarck Range, central New Guinea; also Saruwaged Range, Huon Penin- sula. Population of Victor Emanuel Mountains probably this form. Toxorhamphus poliopterus poliopterus (Sharpe) Melilestes poliopterus Sharpe, 1883, Journ. Linnean Soc. London, Zool., 16, p. 318 — Astrolabe Mountains, south- eastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. GENUS OEDISTOMA SALVADORI Oedistoma Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 952. Type, by original designation, Oedistoma pygmaeum Salvadori. cf. Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, pp. 13-14 (races of iliolophum). OEDISTOMA ILIOLOPHUM Oedistoma iliolophum cinerascens (Stresemann and Paludan) Toxorhamphus iliolophus cinerascens Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 144 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu Island. Oedistoma iliolophum affine (Salvadori) Melilestes affinis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 952 — Arfak Mountains, New Guinea, and Waigeu Island; restricted to Arfak Mountains by Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 144. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula (Arfak, Tamrau), New Guinea. Oedistoma iliolophum iliolophum (Salvadori) Melilestes iliolophus Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 951— Miosnom [=Meos Num] and Jobi [= Japen] Island. MELIPHAGIDAE 343 Japen Island, Meos Num Island, and northern New Guinea from Geelvink Bay to Huon Peninsula, including northern slopes of Weyland, Nassau, Oranje, Victor Emanuel, and Sepik Mountains. Oedistoma iliolophum flavum (Mayr and Rand) Toxorhamphus iliolophus flavus Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 13 — Wuroi, Oriomo River, southern New Guinea. Southern and southeastern New Guinea, intergrading with iliolophum in Weyland Mountains and on Huon Penin- sula. Oedistoma iliolophum fergussonis (Hartert) Melilestes fergussonis Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 237 — Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Fergusson, Goodenough, and Normanby Islands). OEDISTOMA PYGMAEUM Oedistoma pygmaeum waigeuense Salomonsen Oedistoma pygmaeum waigeuense Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2— Waigeu Island. Waigeu Island. Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvadori Oedistoma pygmaeum Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 952— Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Misol Island and western New Guinea, eastward on south coast to Etna Bay and on north coast to Astrolabe Bay. Oedistoma pygmaeum flavipectus Salomonsen Oedistoma pygmaeum flavipectus Salomonsen, 1966, Bre- viora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2— Wuroi, Oriomo River, British Papua, southern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea, from Etna Bay to Milne Bay. Oedistoma pygmaeum olivascens Salomonsen Oedistoma pygmaeum olivascens Salomonsen, 1966, Bre- viora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2 — upper Watut River, southeastern New Guinea. 344 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD North coast of southeastern New Guinea, from Milne Bay to Huon Peninsula. Oedistoma pygmaeum meeki (Hartert) Anthreptes meeki Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 289 — Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. Fergusson and Goodenough Islands, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. GENUS GLYCICHAERA SALVADORI Glycichaera Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 3835. Type, by original designation, Glycichaera fallax Salvadori. Macogillivrayornis Mathews, 1914, South Australian Orn., 1 (2), p. 12. Type, by original designation, Macgilli- vrayornis claudi Mathews. GLYCICHAERA FALLAX Glycichaera fallax pallida Stresemann and Paludan Glycichaera fallax pallida Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 15 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu and Batanta Islands. Glycichaera fallax poliocephala Salvadori Glycichaera poliocephala Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 336— Andai and Hatam, Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea. Tephras whitei Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 357 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands, Misol Island, and northwestern New Guinea, east to Onin Peninsula (Kapaur) and head of Geelvink Bay (lower Menoo River). Glycichaera fallax fallax Salvadori Glycichaera fallax Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 335 — Naiabui (Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea), Andai (Vogelkop Peninsula) and Aru Islands; restricted to Hall Sound by Mayr and Rand, 1936, Orn. Monatsb., 44, p. 48. Japen Island and New Guinea west to Geelvink Bay and Onin Peninsula. Glycichaera fallax claudi (Mathews) Macgillivrayornis claudi Mathews, 1914, South Australian MELIPHAGIDAE 345 Orn., 1 (2), p. 12 — Claudie River, northern Queens- land. Only known from Claudie River, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, Australia. GENUS LICHMERA CABANIS Lichmera Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 118. Type, by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 263), Glyciphila ocularis Gould. Stigmatops Gould, 1865, Handb. Birds Australia, 1, p. 500. Type, by monotypy, Glyciphila ocularis Gould. Trichodere North, 1912 (Feb.), Ibis, p. 120. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis cockerelli Gould. Hemiptilotis Mathews, 1912 (Dec.), Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 127. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis cockerellt Gould. cf. Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, pp. 342-846 (argen- tauris and indistincta). Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, pp. 392-393 (denin- geri). Rensch, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 606-607 (lombokia) . Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 16-17 (Pacific species). LICHMERA LOMBOKIA Lichmera lombokia lombokia (Mathews) Ptilotis virescens Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 494 — Lombok Island. Not Melithreptus virescens Vieillot, 1817, = Meliphaga virescens. Meliphaga lombokia Mathews, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 60. New name for Ptilotis virescens Wallace, pre- occupied. Meliphaga narmadae Kuroda, 19380, Tori, 6, p. 100 — Lom- bok Island. Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands. Lichmera lombokia fumidigula (Rensch) Meliphaga virescens fumidigula Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 9 — Flores Island. Flores and Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands. 346 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD LICHMERA ARGENTAURIS Lichmera argentauris argentauris (Finsch) Ptilotis argentauris Finsch, 1870, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 3864 — “Neu Guinea und die Papu-Inseln’’; re- stricted to Waigeu Island by Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 345. Waigeu, Misol, and Schildpad, western Papuan islands. Lichmera argentauris chloris (Salvadori) Stigmatops chloris Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 337 — “Guebeh” [= Gebe Island]. Halmahera, Damar, and Gebe Islands, Moluccas. Lichmera argentauris patasiwa (Stresemann) Stigmatops argentauris patasiwa Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 345 — Lusaolate Island, near Ceram Island. Lusaolate Island, off north coast of Ceram, Moluccas. Doubtfully distinct from nominate argentauris. LICHMERA INDISTINCTA! Lichmera indistincta limbata (Miiller) Meliphaga (Ptilotis) limbata S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 162 — Timor Island. Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba, Savu, and Timor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Lichmera indistincta indistincta (Vigors and Horsfield) Meliphaga indistincta Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 315 — King George Sound, southern Western Australia. Stigmatops indistincta rufescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 402 — Crawford Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. Stigmatops indistincta media Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 403 — Parry’s Creek, northern Western Australia. Stigmatops indistincta perplexa Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 403 — Marble Bar, middle Western Australia. Lichmera indistincta yorki Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 37 — York, southern Western Australia. 1 LL. indistincta and incana form a superspecies. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 347 Lichmera indistincta perthi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 87 — Perth, southern Western Australia. Lichmera indistincta milligani Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 37 — Stirling Ranges, southern West- ern Australia. Western Australia and Northern Territory south to James Ranges; one record from Oodnadatta, South Australia. Lichmera indistincta ocularis (Gould) Glyciphila (?) ocularis Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, app., p. 6— Van Diemen’s Land [error = New South Wales, cf. Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 402]. Glyciphila (?) subocularis Gould, 1838, Syneps. Birds Australia, pt. 4, app., p. 6— New South Wales. Stigmatops indistincta ouida Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 98 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Eastern Australia, from Cape York south to southeastern New South Wales, west to Barkley Tableland, and to south- western Queensland and northwestern New South Wales; also coast of southern New Guinea (Merauke and Fly River districts) . Lichmera indistincta melvillensis (Mathews) Stigmatops indistincta melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 50 — Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Lichmera indistincta nupta (Stresemann) Stigmatops indistincta nupta Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 344 —Aru Islands. Aru Islands. LICHMERA INCANA Lichmera incana incana (Latham) Certhia incana Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 296 — New Caledonia. New Caledonia. Lichmera incana poliotis (Gray) Glyciphila poliotis G. R. Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 27, p. 160 — Loyalty Islands; restricted to Lifu Island by Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2. Beautemps Beaupré, Uvéa, and Lifu, Loyalty Islands. 348 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Lichmera incana mareensis Salomonsen Lichmera incana mareensis Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 2 — Maré, Loy- alty Islands. Maré, Loyalty Islands. Lichmera incana griseoviridis Salomonsen Lichmera incana griseoviridis Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 3— Lopevi Island, New Hebrides. Central New Hebrides (Efate, Makura, Mai, Tongoa, Epi, Lopevi, Pauuma, Ambrym, and Malekula). Lichmera incana flavotincta (Gray) Glyciphila flavotincta G. R. Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 5, p. 83831 — Erromanga, New Hebrides. Erromanga Island, New Hebrides. LICHMERA ALBOAURICULARIS Lichmera alboauricularis alboauricularis (Ramsay) Stigmatops albo-auricularis Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3 (1878), p. 75 — southeast coast of New Guinea. South coast of southeastern New Guinea; known only from Heath Island, Doini Island, and Baroka (Bioto Creek, Hall Sound). Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea Mayr Lichmera alboauricularis olivacea Mayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 20, p. 468 — Ifar, Sentani Lake, northern New Guinea. Lowland of northern New Guinea between Idenburg River and Ramu River. LICHMERA SQUAMATA Lichmera squamata squamata (Salvadori) Stigmatops squamata Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 387—Choor [=Kur] Island, eastern Banda Sea. Kur Island, in Tajandu (Tiandu) Islands, and Godan Island, in Kei Islands, eastern Banda Sea. Lichmera squamata salvadorii (Meyer) Stigmatops Salvadorii Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 217 — Timorlaut, Tenimber Islands. Tenimbar Islands. MELIPHAGIDAE 349 Lichmera squamata kebirensis (Meyer) Stigmatops kebirensis Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 218 — Kebir [= Babber] Island, southern Banda Sea. Babber, Dammer, Luang, Moa, Letti, Roma, and Wetter Islands, southern Banda Sea. LICHMERA DENINGERI! Lichmera deningeri (Stresemann) Stigmatops deningeri Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 6 — Buru Island. Mountains of Buru Island, Moluccas. LICHMERA MONTICOLA Lichmera monticola (Stresemann) Stigmatops monticola Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 5 — Ceram. Mountains of Ceram, Moluccas. LICHMERA FLAVICANS Lichmera flavicans (Vieillot) Melithreptus flavicans Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 325 — “‘Nouvelle Hollande” [error = Timor Island, cf. Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 102]. Meliphaga maculata Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., livr. 5, pl. 29, fig. 1 — ‘‘l’Océanie.”’ Timor Island. LICHMERA NOTABILIS Lichmera notabilis (Finsch) Stigmatops notabilis Finsch, 1898, Notes Leyden Mus., 20, p. 130 — Wetter Island. Wetar, Lesser Sunda Islands. LICHMERA COCKERELLI Lichmera cockerelli (Gould) Ptilotis cockerelli Gould, 1869, Birds Australia, Suppl., pt. 5, pl. 48 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Trichodere cockerelli jardinei Mathews, 1917, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 71 — Jardine River, Cape York Pen- insula, northern Queensland. 1 L. deningeri and monticola form a superspecies. — F. S. 350 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Northern Australia in northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, south on west coast to Archer River and on east coast to Cooktown. GENUS MYZOMELA VIGORS AND HORSFIELD Myzomela Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 318. Type, by original designation, Meli- phaga cardinalis Vigors and Horsfield = Certhia san- guinolenta Latham. Melomyza Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 196. Type, by original designation, Myzomela obscura Gould. cf. Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, pp. 217- 224 (Papua). Rothschild and Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, pp. 479- 480 (obscura). Wetmore, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, pp. 219-222 (Micronesian and Polynesian species). Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, div. A, no. 7, pp. 49-51 (New Guinea species). Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 17-30 (Poly- nesian and Solomon Islands species) . Greenway, 1935, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 14, pp. 95-97 (nigrita). Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, p. 215 (New Guinea species). Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, pp. 304-316 (Micronesian forms of cardinalis). Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, pp. 41-43 (Bis- marck Archipelago species). Koopman, 1957, Auk, 74, pp. 49-72 (evolution and check-list). Salomonsen, 1966, Dansk Orn. For. Tidsskr., 60, pp. 118-122 (cruentata). MYZOMELA BLASII Myzomela blasii (Salvadori) Stigmatops blasii Salvadori, 1882, Ornitologia Papuasia Molucche, 3, p. 566 — Ambon Island. Ceram and Amboina (Ambon) Islands, Moluccas. MELIPHAGIDAE 351 MYZOMELA ALBIGULA Myzomela albigula albigula Hartert Myzomela albigula Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 20 — Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Rossel Isiand, Louisiade Archipelago. Myzomela albigula pallidior Hartert Myzomela pallidior Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p. 21 — St. Aignan [= Misima] Island, Louisiade Archi- pelago. Misima Island, Deboyne Islands, Conflict Group and Bon- vouloir Islands, western Louisiade Archipelago. MYZOMELA CINERACEA Myzomela cineracea cineracea Sclater Myzomela cineracea Sclater, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 448 and pl. 37, fig. 1 — New Britain. New Britain. Myzomela cineracea rooki Hartert Myzomela cineracea rooki Hartert, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 142— Rook [=Umboi] Island, Bismarck Archi- pelago. Umboi Island, Bismarck Archipelago. MYZOMELA EQUES Myzomela eques eques (Lesson and Garnot) Cinnyris eques Lesson and Garnot, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. Férussac, 11, p. 386 — Waigeu Island and Dorei, north- western New Guinea; restricted to Waigeu by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 193. Misol, Salawati, and Waigeu, western Papuan islands, and Vogelkop and Onin Peninsulas, northwestern New Guinea. Myzomela eques nymani Rothschild and Hartert? Myzomela eques nymani Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 223 — Simbang, Huon Gulf, north- eastern New Guinea. Southern and eastern New Guinea, west on north coast to 1 Described while the Check-list was in press: Myzomela eques karimuiensis Diamond, 1967, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2284, p. 8— Karimui, 3,650 ft., Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea. — Ed. 352 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Huon Gulf (Finschhafen), on south coast grading into nomi- nate eques on Vogelkop Peninsula. Myzomela eques primitiva Stresemann and Paludan Myzomela eques primitiva Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 143 — middle Sepik River, northern New Guinea. Northern New Guinea between Geelvink Bay (Rubi) and Astrolabe Bay. MYZOMELA OBSCURA Myzomela obscura harteri Mathews! Myzomela obscura harterti Mathews, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 100 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Coastal eastern Queensland, from Noosa district (about 50 miles south of Maryborough) north to Cooktown, Aus- tralia. Myzomela obscura munna Mathews Myzomela obscura munna Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 397 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Islands in Torres Strait and Cape York Peninsula, north- ern Queensland, south along east coast to Cooktown, where intergrading with harterti. Myzomela obscura obscura Gould Myzomela obscura Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842, p. 1836— Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Myzomela obscura grisescens Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 285 — Brock’s Creek, Northern Territory. Myzomela obscura apsleyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 48 — Melville Island, Northern Territory. Coastal Northern Territory and Melville Island. Myzomela obscura fumata (Bonaparte) Ptilotis fumata Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 392 — New Guinea [= Utanata River, southwestern New Guinea, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 192]. Myzomela obscura meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1907, 1 The subspecies harterti, munna, obscura, fumata, and aruensis form the “obscura group”. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 353 Novit. Zool., 14, p. 479 — Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea, from Port Moresby west to Vogel- kop Peninsula; old record from Misol, western Papuan islands, is doubtful. Myzomela obscura aruensis Kinnear Myzomela obscura aruensis Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 69 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Myzomela obscura simplex Gray! Myzomela simplex G. R. Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 349 — Batjan Island. Batjan, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, and Damar, north- ern Moluccas. Myzomela obscura rubrotincta Salvadori Myzomela rubrotincta Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 334 — Obi Island. Obi Island, northern Moluccas. Myzomela obscura mortyana Hartert Myzomela simplex mortyana Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 56 — Morotai Island. Morotai Island, northern Moluccas. Myzomela obscura rubrobrunnea Meyer Myzomela rubrobrunnea Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 203 — Mysore [= Biak] Island. Biak Island, in Geelvink Bay. MYZOMELA CRUENTATA Myzomela cruentata cruentata Meyer Myzomela cruentata Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 202 — Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. All New Guinea, and Japen Island in Geelvink Bay. Myzomela cruentata coccinea Ramsay Myzomela coccinea Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New 1 The subspecies simplex, rubrotincta, mortyana, and rubrobrunnea form the “s¢mplex group”. 354 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD South Wales, 2 (1877), p. 106 — Duke of York Islands, Bismarck Archipelago. Myzomela kleinschmidti Sharpe, 1884, in Gould, Birds New Guinea, text to 3, pl. 65 (pt. 17) — New Britain. New Britain and Duke of York Islands, Bismarck Archi- pelago. Myzomela cruentata erythrina Ramsay Myzomela erythina Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2 (1877), p. 107 — New Ireland. Emended to erythrina. New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. Myzomela cruentata lavongai Salomonsen Myzomela cruentata lavongai Salomonsen, 1966, Dansk Orn. For. Tidsskr., 60, p. 122 — New Hanover. New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago. Myzomela cruentata cantans Mayr Myzomela cruentata cantans Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 43 — Tabar Island. Tabar Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Myzomela cruentata vinacea Salomonsen Myzomela cruentata vinacea Salomonsen, 1966, Dansk Orn. For. Tidsskr., 60, p. 122 — Dyaul Island. Dyaul Island, Bismarck Archipelago. MYZOMELA NIGRITA Myzomela nigrita steini Stresemann and Paludan! Myzomela nigrita steini Stresemann and Paludan, 1982, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 14 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu Island, western Papuan islands. Myzomela nigrita nigrita Gray Myzomela nigrita G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 173 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands and all New Guinea except northern districts between Geelvink Bay and Mambare River, grading into meyeri on southeastern peninsula. Myzomela nigrita meyeri Salvadori Myzomela erythrocephala Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. 1 The subspecies steini, nigrita, meyeri, pluto, forbesi, and louisia- densis form the “nigrita group”. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 355 Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 204 — Rubi, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea. Not Myzo- mela erythrocephala Gould, 1840. Myzomela meyeri Salvadori, 1881, Ornitologia Papuasia Molucche, 2, p. 292. New name for Myzomela erythro- cephala Meyer, preoccupied. Japen Island and northern districts of New Guinea, from Geelvink Bay (Rubi) to Mambare River. Myzomela nigrita pluto Forbes Myzomela pluto Forbes, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 266 — Jobi [= Japen] and Meos Num Islands; re- stricted to Meos Num by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 194. Meos Num Island, Geelvink Bay. Myzomelia nigrita forbesi Ramsay Myzomela forbesi Ramsay, 1880, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4 (1879), p. 469 — “Woodlark Island” [error for Fergusson Island]. Fergusson, Goodenough, and Dobu Islands, D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago. Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert Myzomela nigrita louisiadensis Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5, p. 527 — Sudest [= Tagula] Island. Woodlark, Misima, and Tagula Islands, Louisiade Archi- pelago. Myzomela nigrita hades Meise? Myzomela nigrita hades Meise, 1929, Orn. Monatsb., 37, p. 84 — St. Matthias Island. Saint Matthias group, Bismarck Archipelago. Myzomela nigrita ramsayi Finsch Myzomela ramsayi Finsch, 1886, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 3, p. 21 — Kapaterong and Nusa Islands, near northern New Ireland. Tingwon Islands and small islands off coasts of New Hanover and off northern end of New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. 1 The subspecies hades, ramsayi, pammelaena, ernstmayri, and nigerrima form the “pammelaena group”. — F. S. 306 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Myzomela nigrita pammelaena Sclater Myzomela pammelaena Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 553 — Nares Harbour, Admiralty Islands. Admiralty Islands, particularly on small islands. Myzomela nigrita ernstmayri Meise Myzomela nigrita ernstmayri Meise, 1929, Orn. Monatsb., 37, p. 84— Manu [= Allison] Island, west of Ninigo Islands. Small islands west of Admiralty Islands (Hermit Islands, Ninigo Islands, Kaniet (Anchorite) Islands, Manu (Allison) Island). Myzomela nigrita nigerrima Salomonsen Myzomela nigrita nigerrima Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 3 — Long Island, northeastern coast of New Guinea. Long Island, northeastern coast of New Guinea. MYZOMELA PULCHELLA Myzomela pulchella Salvadori Myzomela pulchella Salvadori, 1891, Ornitologia Papuasia Molucche, app. 3, p. 231 — New Ireland. New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. MYZOMELA KUEHNI Myzomela kuehni Rothschild Myzomela kuehni Rothschild, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13, p. 42 — Wetter Island. Wetar, Lesser Sunda Islands. MYZOMELA ERYTHROCEPHALA Myzomela erythrocephala erythrocephala Gould Myzomela erythrocephala Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 144 — northwestern coast of Australia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Aus- tralia, cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Aus- tralia, 44, p. 112]. Myzomela erythrocephala melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 48 — Melville Island, North- ern Territory. Myzomela erythrocephala derbyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool. 18 (1911), p. 896 — Derby, northern Western Australia. MELIPHAGIDAE 357 Coast of northwestern Australia, from Kings Sound (Derby) east to Gulf of Carpentaria, including Melville Island. Myzomela erythrocephala infuscata Forbes Myzomela infuscata Forbes, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 263 — Aru Islands. Myzomela erythrocephala kempi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 396 — Cape York, northern Queens- land. Coast of northeastern Australia, from Gulf of Carpentaria to about Stewart River on east coast of Cape York Peninsula; islands in Torres Strait; south coast of New Guinea between Halli Sound and Triton Bay; Aru Islands. Myzomela erythrocephala dammermani Siebers Myzomela erythrocephala dammermani Siebers, 1928, Treubia, 10, p. 403 — Sumba Island. Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands. MYZOMELA ADOLPHINAE Myzomela adolphinae Salvadori Myzomela adolphinae Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 946 — Arfak Mountains, north- western New Guinea. Mountains of New Guinea; recorded from Arfak Moun- tains, Central Highland, Saruwaged, and Herzog Mountains, and mountains of southeastern peninsula. MYZOMELA SANGUINOLENTA! Myzomela sanguinolenta chloroptera Walden? Myzomela chloroptera Walden, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 9, p. 399 — Menado, northern Celebes. Mountains of Minahassa Peninsula, northern Celebes. Myzomela sanguinolenta charlottae Stresemann Myzomela chloroptera charlottae Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 45 — Latimodjong Mountains, central Celebes. Mountains of central and southeastern Celebes. 1 M. sanguinolenta and cardinalis form a superspecies. — F. S. 2 The subspecies chloroptera, charlottae, juga, eva, and batjanensis form the “chloroptera group”. — F. S. 358 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Myzomela sanguinolenta juga Riley Myzomela chloroptera juga Riley, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 34, p. 56 —Indrulaman, Lompo Batang, southwestern Celebes. Lompo Batang volcanoes (Peak of Bonthain), southwest- ern Celebes. Myzomela sanguinolenta eva Meise Myzomela chloroptera eva Meise, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 448 — Djampea Island. Saleyer (Salajar) and Djampea (Tanahdjampea) Islands, Flores Sea. Myzomela sanguinolenta batjanensis Hartert Myzomela batjanensis Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 56 — Batjan Island. Mountains of Batjan Island, northern Moluccas. Myzomela sanguinolenta elisabethae Van Oort1 Myzomela elisabethae Van Oort, 1911, Notes Leyden Mus., 34, p. 68 — Ceram. Mountains of Ceram. Myzomela sanguinolenta wakoloensis Forbes Myzomela wakoloensis Forbes, 18838, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 116 — Lake Wakolo, Buru Island. Mountains of Buru Island. Myzomela sanguinolenta annabellae Sclater? Myzomela annabellae Sclater, 18838, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 56 — Loetoe, Timorlaut, Tenimber Islands. Tenimbar Islands and Babber Island, southern Banda Sea. Myzomela sanguinolenta boiei (Miiller) Nectarinia (Myzomela) Boiei S. Miiller, 1843, Land Volk., in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 172 and pl. 10, figs. 1-2 — Banda Island. Banda Islands. 1 The subspecies elisabethae and wakoloenis form the “wakoloensis group”. —F. S. 2 The subspecies annabellae and boiei form the “boiei group”. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 359 Myzomela sanguinolenta sanguinolenta (Latham)! Certhia sanguinolenta Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 37 — Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Meliphaga sanguinea Stephens, 1826, in Shaw, General Zool., 14, p. 268. New name for Certhia sanguinolenta Latham, 1801. Myzomela sanguinolenta stephensi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 395 — Cooktown, northern Queens- land. Coastal eastern Australia, from northern Queensland (Cooktown) south to southern New South Wales, irregu- larly to eastern Victoria (Gippsland). Myzomela sanguinolenta caledonica Forbes? Myzomela caledonica Forbes, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 260 — New Caledonia. New Caledonia. MYZOMELA CARDINALIS Myzomela cardinalis lifuensis Layard Myzomela lifuensis Layard, 1878, Ibis, p. 258 — Lifu Island, Loyalty Islands. Loyalty Islands. Myzomela cardinalis cardinalis (Gmelin) Certhia Cardinalis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 472 — Tanna Island, New Hebrides. Based on Cardinal Creeper Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2), p. 733 andipl: 33, figs. Myzomela splendida Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 191 — Tanna Island, New Hebrides. Southern New Hebrides (Aneiteum, Futuna, Tanna, Aniwa, Erromanga). Myzomela cardinalis tenuis Mayr Myzomela cardinalis tenuis Mayr, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 912, p. 3 — Epi Island, New Hebrides. Northern New Hebrides, from Efate Island northward, and Banks Islands. 1 The subspecies sanguinolenta forms the “sanguinolenta group”. — 195. Sh 2 The subspecies caledonica forms the “caledonica group”. — F. S. 360 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae Mayr Myzomela cardinalis tucopiae Mayr, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 912, p. 4 — Tucopia [= Tikopia] Island. Tikopia (Tucopia) Island, northeast of Banks Islands. Doubtfully distinct from tenuis. Myzomela cardinalis nigriventris Peale Myzomela nigriventris Peale, 1848, U. S. Exploring Exped., ed. 1, 8, p. 150 — Upolu Island, Samoa Islands. Myzomela rubro-cucullata Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 228 — “St. Aignan” [= Misima Island, Louisiade Archipelago], error for Samoa Islands. Upolu, Savaii, and Tutuila, Samoa Islands. Myzomela cardinalis sanctaecrucis Sarasin Myzomela rubratra sanctaecrucis Sarasin, 1913, Vogel Neu-Caledoniens Loyalty-Inseln, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1 (1), p. 75 — Santa Cruz Island. Torres and Santa Cruz Islands, including Swallow and Duff Islands. Myzomela cardinalis sanfordi Mayr Myzomela cardinalis sanfordi Mayr, 19381, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 486, p. 27 — Rennell Island. Rennell, Solomon Islands. Myzomela cardinalis pulcherrima Ramsay Myzomela pulcherrima Ramsay, 1881, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, p. 179— Ugi Island, Solomon Islands. San Christobal and Ugi, Solomon Islands. Myzomela cardinalis kobayashii Momiyama Myzomela rubratra kobayashii Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 19 — Pelew [= Palau] Islands. Palau Islands (Babelthuap, Koror, Garakayo, Peleliu and Angaur). Myzomela cardinalis kurodai Momiyama Myzomelarubratra kurodai Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micro- nesia, p. 17 — Yap Island. Yap, Caroline Islands. Myzomela cardinalis saffordi Wetmore Myzomela rubratra saffordi Wetmore, 1917, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30, p. 117 — Guam Island. MELIPHAGIDAE 361 Southern Marianas Islands (Guam, Rota, Tinian, Agi- guan, and Saipan) ; on Saipan tending toward asuncionis. Myzomela cardinalis asuncionis Salomonsen Myzomela cardinalis asuncionis Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 3 — Asun- cion Island, Marianas Islands. Northern Marianas Islands (Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan, and Asuncion). Myzomela cardinalis major Bonaparte Myzomela major Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 264 — “Ex Ins. Carolinis” [= Truk Island, cf. Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, p. 306]. Myzomela rubratra wetmoret Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 15 — Truk Island. Truk, Caroline Islands. Myzomela cardinalis dichromata Wetmore Myzomela rubratra dichromata Wetmore, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 220 — Ponapé Island. Ponapé, Caroline Islands. Myzomela cardinalis rubratra (Lesson) Cinnyris rubrater Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd. Levrault) , 50, p. 30 — Oualan [= Kusaie] Island. Kusaie, Caroline Islands. MYZOMELA CHERMESINA Myzomela chermesina Gray Myzomela chermesina G. R. Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, pl. 38 — no locality [=Rotuma Island, cf. Forbes, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 352]. Rotuma Island. MYZOMELA SCLATERI Myzomela sclateri Forbes Myzomela sclateri Forbes, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 265 and pl. 25, fig. 2 — Palakiiru Island [= Credner Islands]. Dampier and Long Islands off northeastern coast of New Guinea; Vitu, Talele, Vuatom, and Credner Islands, Bis- marck Archipelago. 362 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD MYZOMELA LAFARGE Myzomela lafargei Pucheran Myzomela lafargei Pucheran, 1853, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., 3, p. 98 and atlas pl. 22, fig. 5; ex Hombron and Jacqui- not MS — Solomon Islands [= Santa Isabel]. Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Islands, Fauro, Choiseul, and Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands. MYZOMELA MELANOCEPHALA Myzomela melanocephala Ramsay Cinnyris melanocephalus Ramsay, 1879 (June 5), Nature, 20, p. 125 — Guadalcanal Island. Cinnyris (?) dubia Ramsay, 1879 (June 16), Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 4, p. 88 — Savo Island. Guadalcanal, Savo, and Florida, Solomon Islands. MYZOMELA EICHHORNI Myzomela eichhorni eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert Myzomela eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 181 — Kolombangara Island. Myzomela eichhorni interposita Rothschild and Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 37, p. 38 — New Georgia and Rendova. Tetipari, Rendova, Vangunu, New Georgia, Kolombangara, and Gizo, Solomon Islands. Myzomela eichhorni ganongae Mayr Myzomela eichhorni ganongae Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 28 — Ganongga Island. Ganongga, Solomon Islands. Myzomela eichhorni atrata Hartert Myzomela eichhorni atrata Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 105 — Vella Lavella Island. Vella Lavella and Baga, Solomon Islands. MYZOMELA MALAITAE Myzomela malaitae Mayr Myzomela cardinalis malaitae Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504, p. 25 — Malaita Island. Malaita, Solomon Islands. 1M. lafargei, melanocephala, eichhorni, malaitae, and tristrami form a superspecies. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 363 MYZOMELA TRISTRAMI Myzomela tristrami Ramsay Myzomela Tristrami Ramsay, 1881, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, p. 178 — Solomon Islands; restricted to San Christobal by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 29. San Christobal, (Ugi?), and Santa Ana, Solomon Islands. MYZOMELA JUGULARIS Myzomela jugularis Peale Myzomela jugularis Peale, 1848, U. S. Exploring Exped., ed. 1, 8, p. 150 — Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands. Fiji Islands, including Lau and Yasawa groups. MYZOMELA ERYTHROMELAS Myzomela erythromelas Salvadori Myzomela erythromelas Salvadori, 1881, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 16, p. 624 — New Britain. New Britain. MYZOMELA VULNERATA Myzomela vulnerata (Miiller) Nectarinia (Myzomela) vulnerata S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 172 and pl. 10, figs. 3-4 — Timor Island. Timor Island. MYZOMELA ROSENBERGII Myzomela rosenbergii rosenbergii Schlegel Myzomela Rosenbergii Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tuijdsch. Dierk., 4 (1878), p. 38—Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Myzomela rosenbergii wahgiensis Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2, 8, p. 155 — Weiga, south slope Wahgi Divide, Western Highlands, New Guinea. High mountains of New Guinea. Myzomela rosenbergii longirostris Mayr and Rand Myzomela rosenbergi longirostris Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 12 — Goodenough Island. Mountains of Goodenough Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archi- pelago. 364 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS CERTHIONYX LESSON Certhionyx Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., 1831, p. 306. Type, by monotypy, Certhionyx variegatus Lesson. Sugomel Mathews, 1922, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 7. Type, by original designation, Myzomela nigra ashbyi Mathews. CERTHIONYX NIGER Certhionyx niger (Gould) Myzomela nigra Gould, 1838, Birds Australia Adjacent Islands, 2, pl. 8 — New South Wales. Myzomela nigra westraliensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 396 — Western Australia. Myzomela nigra ashbyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 98 — Mount Barker, South Australia. Drier parts of Australia generally ; occasional visitor and exceptional breeding bird on humid coast. Highly nomadic. CERTHIONYX VARIEGATUS Certhionyx variegatus Lesson Certhionyx variegatus Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., 1831, p. 3806— Timor [error for Western Australia, cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68]. Certhionyx occidentalis Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Ibis, p. 658 — Carnarvon, Western Australia. Certhionyx variegatus neglecta Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — New South Wales. Arid interior of Australia. Highly nomadic. GENUS MELIPHAGA LEWIN! Meliphaga Lewin, 1808, Birds New Holland, p. 4 and pl. 5. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 15), Meliphaga chrysotis Lewin = Ptilotis lewinit Swainson. Myzantha Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., 1831, p. 302. Type, by monotypy, Philedon chrysotis Lesson and Garnot = Myzantha flaviventer Lesson. Not Myzantha Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 (Meliphagidae). Ptilotis Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 326. Type, by 1 The synonymy of this genus is unusually complicated. For this reason a complete generic synonymy is given. —F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 365 subsequent designation (Salvadori, 1881, Ornitologia Papuasia Molucche, 2, p. 326), Ptilotis lewinit Swain- son. Lichenostomus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 119. Type, by monotypy, Lichenostomus occidentalis = Ptilotis cra- titius Gould. Stomiopera Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., abth. 2, Meropinae, continuatio no. IX, p. 109. Type, by sub- sequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgen. Birds, p. 24), Ptilotis unicolor Gould. Emended to Stomioptera, Stomiopara. Xanthotis Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., abth. 2, Meropinae, continuatio no. IX, p. 139. Type, by mono- typy, Xanthotis flaviventris Reichenbach = Myzantha flaviventer Lesson. Caloptilotis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 414. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis macleayana Ram- Say. Paraptilotis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 414. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis fusca Gould. Lophoptilotis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 414. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis leadbeateri McCoy = Ptilotis cassidix Gould. Ptilotula Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 414. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis flavescens Gould. Microptilotis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 116. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis gracilis Gould. Broadbentia Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 60. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis flava addenda Mathews. Ptilotina Mathews, 1918, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 60. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis analoga mixta Mathews. Nesoptilotis Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 60. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis flavigula Gould = Melithreptus flavicollis Vieillot. Dorothina Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 111. Type, by original designation, Meliphaga lewinii Swainson. Sacramela Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 111. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis keartlandi North. 366 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Territornis Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pt. 9, p. 543. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis albilineata White. Guadalcanaria Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 364, p. 8. Type, by original designation, Guadalcanaria inex- pectata Hartert. Mundavis Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 138. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis polygramma G. R. Gray. Caligavis Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 150. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis obscura De Vis. cf. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 429-568. Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, pp. 1-23 (ana- loga and allies). Serventy and Whittell, 1962, Birds Western Australia, ed. 3, pp. 369-374. MELIPHAGA MIMIKAE Meliphaga mimikae rara Salomonsen Meliphaga mimikae rara Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 4— Bernhard Camp, 50 m., Idenburg River, northern New Guinea. Known only from lowland of upper Mamberano River, northern New Guinea. Meliphaga mimikae mimikae (Ogilvie-Grant) Ptilotis mimikae Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 27 — Mimika River, southern New Guinea. Southern slope of central mountain ranges in New Guinea, from Nassau Mountains east to upper Fly River district. Meliphaga mimikae granti Rand? Meliphaga mimikae granti Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 4 — Mafulu, Central Division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. MELIPHAGA MONTANA Meliphaga montana auga Rand Meliphaga montana auga Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1 Described while the Check-list was in press: Meliphaga mimikae bastille Diamond, 1967, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2284, p. 12 — Karimui, 3,650 ft., Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea. — Ed. MELIPHAGIDAE 367 no. 872, p. 6 — Mafulu, Central Division, Territory of Papua, New Guinea. Southern slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea. Meliphaga montana gretae Gyldenstolpe and Gilliard Meliphaga montana gretae Gyldenstolpe and Gilliard, 1955, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2, 8, p. 166 — Nondugl, Wahgi River, Central Highlands, New Guinea. Southern slopes of Bismarck Range, Central Highlands, New Guinea. Doubtfully distinct from setekwa. Meliphaga montana setekwa Rand Meliphaga montana setekwa Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 6 — upper Setekwa River, Nassau Range, New Guinea. Southern slopes of Nassau and Oranje Mountains, New Guinea. Meliphaga montana montana (Salvadori) Ptilotis montana Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 77 — Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Vogelkop Peninsula, Onin Peninsula (Kapaur), and Wey- land Mountains, New Guinea; tending toward sepik in Wey- land Mountains. Meliphaga montana margaretae Greenway Meliphaga montana margaretae Greenway, 1966, Amer. Mus Novit., no. 2258, p. 22—Mt.Besar, 2,800 ft., Batanta Island. Mountains of Batanta, western Papuan islands. Meliphaga montana sepik Rand Meliphaga montana sepik Rand, 19386, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 7—Hunsteinspitze, Sepik district, New Guinea. Northern slopes of mountains of central New Guinea; known from Oranje (Idenburg River), Hunstein (upper Sepik River), and Victor Emanuel Ranges. Meliphaga montana steini Stresemann and Paludan Meliphaga montana steinit Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 222 — Japen Island. Japen Island, Geelvink Bay. 368 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Meliphaga montana germanorum Hartert Meliphaga montana germanorum Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 47 — Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea. Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea. Meliphaga montana huonensis Rand Meliphaga montana huonensis Rand, 1986, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 8 — Junzaing, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Meliphaga montana aicora Rand Meliphaga montana aicora Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 9 — Aicora River, Northern Division, Terri- tory of Papua, eastern New Guinea. Northern slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea. MELIPHAGA ORIENTALIS Meliphaga orientalis orientalis (Meyer) Ptilotis flavirictus orientalis Meyer, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42, p. 92 — southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west along south coast to Angabunga River and on north coast to upper Mambare River. Meliphaga orientalis becki Rand Meliphaga orientalis becki Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 17— Zakaheme, Huon Peninsula, north- eastern New Guinea. Mountains in northeastern New Guinea (Saruwaged Mountains and Morobe district). Meliphaga orientalis facialis Rand Meliphaga orientalis facialis Rand, 1986, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 16 — Siwi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. Southern slope of mountains of central New Guinea (Oranje and Nassau Mountains), Weyland Mountains, mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula; also Waigeu Island, west- ern Papuan islands. MELIPHAGIDAE 369 MELIPHAGA ALBONOTATA Meliphaga albonotata (Salvadori) Ptilotis albonotata Salvadori, 1876, Amer. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 338 — Naiabui, Hall Sound, southeastern New Guinea. Lowlands of New Guinea; known from Vogelkop Penin- sula, Onin Peninsula, southern New Guinea (Mimika and Wataikwa Rivers), Huon Peninsula, and Hall Sound. MELIPHAGA ARUENSIS Meliphaga aruensis aruensis (Sharpe) Meliphaga auriculata Salvadori (ex S. Miller MS), 1881, Ornitologia Papuasia Molucche, 2, p. 381 — New Gui- nea; probably Utanata River, cf. Stresemann, 1925, Journ. f. Orn., 73, p. 259. Not Certhia auriculata Shaw, 1812, = Meliphaga melanops. Ptilotis aruensis Sharpe, 1884, Rept. Zool. Coll. Voy. Alert, p. 19 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands and southern New Guinea from Setekwa River to Milne Bay; in southeastern New Guinea (from Port Moresby to Milne Bay) tending toward sharpet. Meliphaga aruensis sharpei (Rothschild and Hartert) Ptilotis aruensis sharpet Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 442 — Dorey, Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea. Waigeu, Batanta, and Misol, western Papuan islands; Japen Island, Geelvink Bay; western and northern New Guinea from Vogelkop Peninsula to Kumusi River; D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago (Fergusson and Goodenough Islands) ; Trobriand Islands (Kiriwina Island); in eastern New Guinea (from Astrolabe Bay eastward) and in D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago tending toward nominate aruensis. MELIPHAGA ANALOGA Meliphaga analoga papuae Salomonsen Meliphaga analoga papuae Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 5— Wuroi, Oriomo River, Western Division, British Papua, New Guinea. Southern New Guinea from Fly River district east to Hall Sound; in latter area hybridizing with cinereifrons. 370 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Meliphaga analoga analoga (Reichenbach) Ptilotis analoga Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., abth. 2, Meropinae, continuatio no. IX, p. 103, tab. 467, no. 3332 — “Oceanien” [error for Triton Bay, western New Guinea]. Based on Ptilotis analogue Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., 3, atlas pl. 17, fig. 2; ef. Rand, 1986, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 13. Southern New Guinea, west of Eilanden River area, and Vogelkop Peninsula; also Misol, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeu, western Papuan islands. Meliphaga analoga longirostris (Ogilvie-Grant) Ptilotis longirostris Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 27 — Wamma [= Wamar], Aru Islands. Aru Islands. Meliphaga analoga flavida Stresemann and Paludan Meliphaga analoga flavida Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit. Zool., 38, p. 147 — Japen Island, Geelvink Bay. Meos Num Island and Japen Island, Geelvink Bay, and lowlands of northern New Guinea from Geelvink Bay east to Humboldt Bay. Meliphaga analoga citreola Rand Meliphaga analoga citreola Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 14 — six km. southwest Bernhard Camp, 1,200 m., Idenburg River, northern New Guinea. Northern slope of Oranje Mountains, northern New Guinea. Meliphaga analoga connectens Salomonsen Meliphaga analoga connectens Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 5 — Madang, Astrolabe Bay, northeastern New Guinea. Lowlands of northern New Guinea from Wewak east to Huon Gulf. Meliphaga analoga stevensi Rand Meliphaga gracilis stevensi Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 20 — Biolowat, upper Watut River, Morobe district, northeastern New Guinea. Northern slope of southeastern New Guinea (upper Watut River, Kumusi River, Hydrographer Range). MELIPHAGIDAE onl Meliphaga analoga cinereifrons Rand Meliphaga gracilis cinereifrons Rand, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 872, p. 20 — Rona, Central Division, Terri- tory of Papua, southeastern New Guinea. Lowlands of southeastern New Guinea west to Hall Sound. MELIPHAGA VICINA Meliphaga vicina (Rothschild and Hartert) Ptilotis analoga vicina Rothschild and Hartert, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 203 —Sudest [= Tagula] Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago. MELIPHAGA GRACILIS Meliphaga gracilis gracilis (Gould) Ptilotis gracilis Gould, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 217 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Aru Islands and coastal lowlands of southern New Guinea from Triton Bay east to Port Moresby district; also Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, southward to Cook- town, Australia. Meliphaga gracilis imitatrix (Mathews) Ptilotis gracilis imitatrix Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 403 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Cairns district, northeastern Queensland, Australia. MELIPHAGA NOTATA Meliphaga notata notata (Gould) Ptilotis notata Gould, 1867, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20, p. 269 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Thursday Island and other islands in Torres Strait, and northern Cape York Peninsula south to Archer River-Cook- town. Meliphaga notata mixta (Mathews) Ptilotis analoga mixta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 403 — Johnstone River, northern Queens- land. Coastal lowlands of Cairns area, northeastern Queensland, from Cooktown south to Cardwell. 372 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD MELIPHAGA FLAVIRICTUS Meliphaga flavirictus flavirictus (Salvadori) Ptilotis flavirictus Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 76 — Fly River, southern New Guinea. Southeastern New Guinea, west to Oriomo River and lower Fly River. Meliphaga flavirictus crockettorum Mayr and de Schauensee Meliphaga flavirictus crockettorum Mayr and de Schauen- see, 1939, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 142 — Bamoskabu, Karoon, Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea. New Guinea, except southeast (from lower Fly River east- ward) ; known from Vogelkop Peninsula, southern slope of Nassau Mountains (Utakwa River), northern lowlands (Idenburg and Sepik Rivers), and upper Watut River (Her- zog Mountains). MELIPHAGA LEWINII Meliphaga lewinii lewinii (Swainson) Meliphaga chrysotis Lewin, 1808, Birds New Holland, pl. 5 and p. 5 — New South Wales. Not Certhia chrysotis Latham, 1801 (indeterminable). Ptilotis lewinii Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 326. New name for Meliphaga chrysotis Lewin, preoccupied. Ptilotis lewinti mab Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 404 — Inkerman, Queensland. 1 Replaces Ptilotis chrysotis (Latham) of Sharpe’s Hand-list. This name, described as Certhia chrysotis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 38 — New South Wales, obviously refers to some Australian species within the genus Meliphaga, but is indeterminable as to species; cf. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 9, pp. 454-456. Latham’s name, described as Certhia chrysotis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., Lewin, 1808 (= Meliphaga lewinti) and Philedon chrysotis Lesson and Garnot, 1828 (= Meliphaga flaviventer). In order to avoid future confusion The Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature of the International Ornithological Congress submitted an application to The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, request- ing that the specific name chrysotis Latham, 1801, be suppressed for the purposes of the law of priority, but not for those of the law of homonymy, cf. 1964, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 21, p. 240. In Opinion 792 (Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 23, pp. 225-226, 1966) this was granted. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 373 Ptilotis lewinii ivi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405 — Barron River, northern Queensland. Eastern New South Wales and eastern Queensland, north to Cairns and Cooktown, Australia. Meliphaga lewinii nea (Mathews) Ptilotis lewinit nea Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 404 — Dandenong, Victoria. Eastern Victoria, west to about Powelltown; formerly to the Dandenongs. MELIPHAGA FLAVA Meliphaga flava (Gould) Ptilotis flava Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 1836— “Port Essington, North coast of Australia” [=Cape York, northern Queensland, cf. de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 228]. Ptilotis flava addenda Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 412 — Inkerman, Queensland. Broadbentia flava assimilis Mathews, 1925, Birds Austra- lia, 11, p. 562 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Cape York Peninsula and coastal range of eastern Queens- land south to Yeppoon. Field records from Northern Terri- tory are probably due to misidentification. MELIPHAGA ALBILINEATA Meliphaga albilineata (White) Ptilotis albilineata White, 1917, Emu, 16, p. 165 — King River, Northern Territory, Australia. Alligator River and King River areas, Northern Territory, Australia. MELIPHAGA VIRESCENS Meliphaga virescens virescens (Vieillot) Melithreptus virescens Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 329 — Nouvelle Hollande; re- stricted to Shark’s Bay, Western Australia, by Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 101; further restricted to Bernier Island by Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. West- ern Australia, 44, p. 122; cf. also Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 51, p. 69. 374 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ptilotis sonorus Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 160— South and Western Australia; re- stricted to South Australia by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405; further restricted here to Adelaide. Ptilotis sonora walgetti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405 — Walgett, northern New South Wales. Ptilotis sonora broomei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405 — Broome Hill, southern Western Aus- tralia. Meliphaga virescens hartogi Mathews, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 76— Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Meliphaga virescens glauerti Mathews, 1942 (Feb.), Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 27 (1940-41), p. 77 — Ebano, Western Australia. Western parts of New South Wales, east to Moree, Cowra, and Australian Capital Territory; northwestern parts of Victoria and coast from Port Phillip Bay westward; south- eastern South Australia north to about lat. 32° S., and on coast west along Nullarbor Plain to Western Australia, north to line through Ooldea, Zanthus, and Kalgoorlie; all southwestern Western Australia (except between Hamelin Bay and Albany and heavy forest north to Northam) north- ward to Moora and narrowly along coast north to Shark Bay (Peron Peninsula, Dirk Hartog Island, Dorre Island, and Bernier Island) ; also Kangaroo Island and other islands off coast of South Australia, and Archipelago of the Recherche, and all other islands off coast of southern Western Australia, except Rottnest Island (where replaced by insularis) and Houtman Abrolhos. Meliphaga virescens insularis (Milligan) Ptilotis insularis Milligan, 1911, Emu, 11, p. 124 — Rott- nest Island, Western Australia. Rottnest Island, southern Western Australia. Meliphaga virescens westwoodia (Mathews) Piilotis sonora westwoodia Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 77 — Westwood, southern Queensland. Central part of southern Queensland north to Rockhamp- ton. Doubtfully distinct from nominate virescens. MELIPHAGIDAE oo Meliphaga virescens forresti (Ingram) Ptilotis forrestti Ingram, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 116 — Alexandra, Northern Territory. Ptilotis sonora murchisoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 405 — East Murchison, Western Australia. Ptilotis sonora decipiens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406 — Mungi, northern Western Australia. Ptilotis sonora rogersi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406 — Wyndham, northern Western Aus- tralia. Dorothina virescens everardi Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 91— Everard Ranges, central Aus- tralia. Meliphaga virescens lewisi Mathews, 1942 (Feb.), Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 27 (1940-41), p. 77 — Lewis Island, Dampier Archipelago, northern Western Australia. Meliphaga virescens lipferti Mathews, 1942 (Feb.), Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 27 (1940-41), p. 77 — Well 33 on the Canning Stock Route, northern Western Australia. Interior and western Queensland north to central Cape York Peninsula; Northern Territory north to Katherine River; northern and interior South Australia south to Lake Torrens-Ooldea; northern and central parts of Western Australia, west to coast and islands off coast (including Barrow Island and Dampier Archipelago), south to east coast of Shark Bay, and inland south through Murchison district to Moora-Kalgoorlie. Meliphaga virescens cooperi (Mathews) Ptilotis sonora coopert Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 50 — Melville Island, Northern Territory. Melville Island and adjacent coast of Northern Territory. MELIPHAGA VERSICOLOR Meliphaga versicolor sonoroides (Gray) Ptilotis sonoroides G. R. Gray, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 428 — Waigeu Island. Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea, and Misol, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeu, western Papuan islands. 376 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Meliphaga versicolor vulgaris Salomonsen Meliphaga versicolor vulgaris Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 5 — Finschhafen, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Japen Island in Geelvink Bay; coastal northern New Guinea from Geelvink Bay to Huon Gulf; Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. Meliphaga versicolor intermedia Mayr and Rand Meliphaga virescens intermedia Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 15— Samarai Island, southeastern New Guinea. Samarai, Doini, and Killerton Islands, off east end of New Guinea. Meliphaga versicolor versicolor (Gould) Ptilotis versicolor Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 136 — “North coast of Australia” [by error = Cape York, northern Queensland, cf. de Schauen- see, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 226]. Meliphaga versicolor clelandi Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 1832 — Cairn Cross Island, northern Queensland. Southern coast of New Guinea between Merauke and Port Moresby; islands in Torres Strait; and east coast of Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, south to Dunk Island, Australia. MELIPHAGA FASCIOGULARIS Meliphaga fasciogularis (Gould) Pitilotis fasciogularis Gould, 1854, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 19 (1851), p. 285 — Moreton Bay, Queensland. Ptilotis fasciogularis brunnescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 407 — northern Queensland. Mangrove belt of eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, from Cardwell south to Smoky Cape. MELIPHAGA INEXPECTATA Meliphaga inexpectata (Hartert) Guadalcanaria inexpectata Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. 1 The type and only specimen is labelled Cape York. —F. 8. MELIPHAGIDAE 377 Novit., no. 364, p. 8 — Guadalcanar Island, British Sol- omon Islands. Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. MELIPHAGA FUSCA Meliphaga fusca fusca Gould?! Meliphaga fusca Gould, 18387 (April), Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 2, pl. 26, fig. 3 — New South Wales. Ptilotis minuta Von Pelzeln, 1865, Reise Oesterr. Freg. “Novara,” Zool., 1, pt. 2 (Vogel), p. 56 — New South Wales. Ptilotis fusca dingi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 404 — Murray Flats, South Australia. Southeastern South Australia, west to Adelaide; Victoria except coast; eastern New South Wales, west to Dubbo- Gilgandra-Moree, rarely to extreme southwestern mallee. Nomadic to some extent. Meliphaga fusca dawsoni (Mathews) Ptilotis fusca dawsoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 404 — Dawson River, southern Queensland. Southeastern Queensland, north to Mackay where inter- grading with subgermana. Meliphaga fusca subgermana (Mathews) Ptilotis flavescens subgermana Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Eastern Queensland from Mackay north to Lynd River, Atherton, and Cairns. Meliphaga fusca zanda (Mathews) 2 Ptilotis flavescens zanda Mathews, 19138, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 77—Normanton, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. Northwestern Queensland north of lat. 21° S. (but absent from Cape York Peninsula), east occasionally to Cairns, Herberton, and Kirrama, and west into Northern Territory. Meliphaga fusca flavescens (Gould) Ptilotis flavescens Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1 The subspecies fusca, dawsoni, and subgermana form the “fusca group”. — F. S. 2 The subspecies zanda, flavescens, deserticola, melvillensis, and germana form the “flavescens group”. — F. S. 378 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD 7 (1839), p. 144 — “North-West coast of Australia,” restricted to Derby by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411. Ptilotis flavescens wyndhami Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411— Wyndham, northern Western Australia. Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Derby and Fitzroy River, and northern parts of Northern Territory, where recorded south to Birdum. In eastern Northern Territory merging into zanda. Meliphaga fusca deserticola Salomonsen Meliphaga fusca deserticola Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6 — Margaret River, Kimberley District, northern Western Australia. Margaret River, interior arid northern Western Australia. Meliphaga fusca melvillensis (Mathews) Ptilotis flavescens melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 50 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Melville Island, Northern Territory. Meliphaga fusca germana (Ramsay) Ptilotis germana Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3 (1878), p. 2— “Torres Strait” [by error = Laloki River, Port Moresby district, New Guinea]. Port Moresby district, southeastern New Guinea. MELIPHAGA PLUMULA Meliphaga plumula ethelae (Mathews) Ptilotis chrysotis ethelae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 410 — Port Augusta, South Australia. Ptilotis chrysotis graingert Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 99 — Mt. Grainger, South Australia. Eastern South Australia north of Murray River, west to Flinders Ranges and Spencer Gulf; locally in northwestern Victoria and western New South Wales. Meliphaga plumula plumula (Gould) Ptilotis plumulus Gould, 1841 (March), Birds Australia, pt. 2; figured in 4, pl. 40; also, 1841 (July), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 150 — “Western Australia” [= York district, Western Australia]. MELIPHAGIDAE 3879 Lichenostomus plumulus gracemeri Mathews, 1913, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 2, p. 77 — Gracemere, Queensland. Interior Australia, from western Queensland through central Australia to Western Australia, south to about Lake Kyre and Immarna, South Australia, and to Zanthus, Kal- goorlie, and Carnamah, Western Australia, north to central Northern Territory and to Desert Artesian Basin. Meliphaga plumula planasi (Campbell) Ptilotis planast Campbell, 1910, Emu, 10, p. 168 — Napier Broome Bay, northern Western Australia. Ptilotis chrysotis andersoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 411 — Mt. Anderson, northern Western Australia. Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia. MELIPHAGA CHRYSOPS! Meliphaga chrysops chrysops (Latham) Sylvia chrysops Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 54 — Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406; cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68. Ptilotis chrysops barroni Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 406 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Ptilotis chrysops beaconsfieldi Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 407 — Beaconsfield, Victoria. Ptilotis sub-chrysops Campbell, 1912 (July), Emu, 12, p. 19 — Bellenden Ker Range, Queensland. Southern and eastern Victoria, eastern New South Wales, eastern Queensland (except coast) north to Cairns and Atherton Tableland; one record from “near Cooktown.” Migratory in southern range. Meliphaga chrysops samueli (Mathews) Ptilotis chrysops samueli Mathews, 1912 (Sept.), Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 99 — 50 miles north of Adelaide, South Australia. 1 Muscicapa novaehollandiae Latham, 1790, has sometimes been used as name for this species, but is indeterminable and has, together with its objective synonym, Muscicapa chlorotis Forster, 1794, been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomen- clature. Cf. 1956, Opinions and Decl. rendered by the Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 13, pt. 11, pp. 173-190 (Opinion 410).—F. S. 380 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southeastern South Australia, west to Mt. Lofty and Adelaide. Possibly not distinguishable from nominate chrysops. MELIPHAGA CRATITIA Meliphaga cratitia cratitia (Gould) Ptilotis cratitius Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 160 — interior of South Australia and Kan- garoo Island [= Upper Torrens]. Lichenostomus occidentalis Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 119 — Western Australia; restricted to Albany by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, p. 779; emended to Wongan Hills by Meise, 1951, Emu, 51, p. 149. Ptilotis cratitia howei Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 409 — Kow Plains, Victoria. Ptilotis cratitia stirlingi Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 409 — Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. Ptilotis carpentariensis Campbell, 1912 (July), Emu, 12, p. 19 — Burketown, northern Queensland. Ptilotis cratitia samueli Mathews, 1912 (Sept.), Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 99 — Eyre’s Peninsula, South Aus- tralia. Not Ptilotis chrysops samuelt Mathews, 1912, = Meliphaga chrysops samuel. Ptilotis cratitia zarda Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 198. New name for Ptilotis cratitia samuel Mathews, preoccupied. Western Victoria; southeastern South Australia, west to Eyre Peninsula; southwestern Western Australia, between Wongan Hills and Stirling Range; fairly common off-season visitor in extreme southwestern New South Wales; one record from Queensland (Burketown). Meliphaga cratitia halmaturina (Mathews) Ptilotis cratitia halmaturina Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 409 — Kangaroo Island. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. MELIPHAGA KEARTLANDI Meliphaga keartlandi (North) Ptilotis keartlandi North, 1895, Ibis, p. 340 — McMinns’ Range, central Australia. MELIPHAGIDAE 381 Ptilotis keartlandi mungi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 409 — Mungi, northern Western Australia. Ptilotis keartlandi alexandrensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 409 — Alexandra, Northern Terri- tory. Sacramela keartlandi cloatesensis Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 837 — Point Cloates, middle Western Australia. Sacramela keartlandi whiteorum Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, p. 529 — Musgrave Ranges, central Aus- tralia. Northern interior Australia, east to western Queensland (Leichhardt River, Cloncurry, and Birdsville), south to northern South Australia (Oodnadatta, Musgrave, and Everard Ranges) ; in Western Australia north to southern Kimberley Division (Derby, Mungi), south to Hamersley Range and reaching coast between Exmouth Gulf and Mi- nilya River. MELIPHAGA PENICILLATA Meliphaga penicillata mellori (Mathews)! Ptilotis penicillata mellori Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 412 — Templestowe, Victoria. Southwestern Victoria and southeastern South Australia, west to Adelaide and Mt. Lofty Ranges. Stragglers recorded from Kangaroo Island, Yorke Peninsula, and Eyre Peninsula may belong to this subspecies. Meliphaga penicillata penicillata Gould Meliphaga penicillata Gould, 1837 (Jan.), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 15, fig. 1; also, 18837 (June), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4 (1836), p. 143 — interior of New South Wales; restricted to Wagga-Wagga by Salomon- sen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6. Ptilotis penicillata whitei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 412 — Murray Flats, South Australia. Eastern and northern parts of Victoria, ranging west into eastern Mallee of South Australia; interior New South Wales, except northwest; interior of southeastern Queens- 1 The subspecies mellori, penicillata, and interioris form the “peni- cillata group”. —F. S. 382 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD land (Warwick, Dalby). Since 1944 has extended breeding range to east in New South Wales and has reached coast in Sydney area. Meliphaga penicillata interioris Salomonsen Meliphaga penicillata interioris Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6 — Ward River, south of Charleville, southwestern Queensland. Northwestern New South Wales (Bourke) north to south- central Queensland (Charleville). Meliphaga penicillata leilavalensis (North) Ptilotis leilavalensis North, 1899, Rec. Austr. Mus., 3, p. 106 — Leila Vale Station, Fullerton River, Burke District, northwestern Queensland. Ptilotis penicillata rosinae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 412— Port Augusta, South Australia. (Intergrades between mellorz and leilavalensis.) Interior and western Queensland, east to Windorah- Wongalee, and northeastern South Australia, west to Lake Eyre-Lake Frome, intergrading with penicillata subspecies group in southern Flinders Ranges (South Australia) and at Thylungra (southwestern Queensland). Meliphaga penicillata centralia (Mathews) Ptilotula penicillata centralia Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 37 — central Australia. Central Australia, south to Musgrave Ranges, Everard Ranges, and Stuart Range (Coober Pedy) in northern South Australia, north through southern arid parts of Northern Territory to Fitzroy River, Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia; intergrading with carteri subspecies group in central western Western Australia. Distribution imperfectly known. Meliphaga penicillata ladasi (Mathews)? Ptilotis penicillata ladasi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 413 — East Murchison, Western Australia. Ptilotis penicillata calconi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 4138 — Mungi, northern Western Australia. 1 The subspecies leilavalensis and centralia form the “letlavalensis group”. —F. S. 2 The subspecies ladasi, geraldtonensis, and carteri form the “car- teri group”. —F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 383 Central Western Australia, from Kalgoorlie through East Murchison and eastern Pilbara Goldfield north to Mt. Alex- ander area, southernmost Kimberley Division. Meliphaga penicillata geraldtonensis (Ashby) Ptilotis geraldtonensis Ashby, 1921, Emu, 20, p. 186 — Geraldton, Western Australia. Coast of middle Western Australia, from Geraldton and Moora north to Point Cloates. Meliphaga penicillata carteri (Campbell) Ptilotis cartert Campbell, 1899, Victorian Nat., 16, p. 3 — North-West Cape, middle Western Australia. Coast of Western Australia, from Point Cloates north to De Grey River. MELIPHAGA ORNATA Meliphaga ornata (Gould) Ptilotis ornatus Gould, 1888, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 72, fig. 1; also, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 6 (1838), p. 24 — Swan River, Western Australia. Ptilotis ornata munna Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 410 — Stirling Ranges, southern Western Australia. Ptilotis ornata tailemi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 410 — Tailem Bend, South Australia. Ptilotis ornata wesleydalet Mathews, 19138, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 68—Broome Hill, southern Western Australia. Ptilotis ornata underbooli Mathews, 19138, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 68 — Underbool, Victoria. Southern Australia, primarily mallee country ; in Western Australia ranging north to mouth of Murchison River, Yandanooka, Bullfinch, and Dundas and east along narrow coastal strip of Nullarbor Plain; in South Australia extending south to Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas and north to Ooldea, Flinders Ranges, and occasionally to Lake Frome, east to northwestern Victoria and southwestern New South Wales. MELIPHAGA RETICULATA Meliphaga reticulata Temminck Meliphaga reticulata Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., livr. 5, pl. 29, fig. 2 — Timor Island. Timor, Lesser Sunda Islands. 384 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD MELIPHAGA LEUCOTIS Meliphaga leucotis leucotis (Latham) Turdus leucotis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 44 — Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Mathews and Iredale, 1920, Austral Avian Rec., 4, pp. 114-122]. Philedon melanodera Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, in Dumont D’Urville, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., 1, p. 191, pl. 8, fig. 1 — Western Port, Victoria. Ptilotis leucotis depauperata Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 407 — Coonalpun, South Australia. Ptilotis leucotis munna Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 50 — Kangaroo Island. Not Ptilotis ornata munna Mathews, 1912, = Meliphaga ornata. Ptilotis leucotis torringtoni Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 80 — Torrington, northern New South Wales. Ptilotis leucotis thomasi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 99. New name for Ptilotis leucotis munna Mathews, preoccupied. Ptilotis leucotis mallee Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 193 — Mallee, Victoria. Southeastern South Australia, west to Eyre Peninsula (but not Yorke Peninsula), north to Adelaide and southern Flinders Ranges; Kangaroo Island; Victoria, eastern and southwestern New South Wales and southeastern Queens- land north to Dawson Range. Meliphaga leucotis novaenorciae (Milligan) Ptilotis novae-norciae Milligan, 1904, Emu, 3, p. 226 — Wongan Hills, south Western Australia. Nesoptilotis leucotis woolundra Mathews, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 13 — Woolundra, southern Western Australia. Southern Western Australia, north to line from about mouth of Murchison River to Kalgoorlie-Zanthus, south to Wongan Hills-Stirling Range. MELIPHAGA FLAVICOLLIS! Meliphaga flavicollis (Vieillot) Melithreptus flavicollis Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 325 — Nouvelle Hollande; re- 1 M. flavicollis and leucotis form a superspecies. — F. S. CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD 385 stricted to King Island, Bass Strait, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 407. Ptilotis flavigula Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 72 — Tasmania. Nesoptilotis flavicollis findersi Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — Flinders Island, Bass Strait. Tasmania, King Island, and Furneaux Group (Flinders Island, Cape Barren Island) in Bass Strait. MELIPHAGA MELANOPS? Meliphaga melanops (Latham) Turdus melanops Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 40 — Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 408. Muscicapa auricomis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 49 — Nova Hollandia. Certhia chrysootos Bechstein, 1811, Kurze Uebersicht aller bekannten Vogel, p. 197— Botany Bay, New South Wales. Based on “L’Héorotaire a oreilles jaunes” Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, p. 123, pl. 85. Ptilotis melanops meltoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 408 — Melton, Victoria. Meliphaga melanops gippslandica Wakefield, 1958, Emu, 58, p. 177— Serpentine Creek, Gooding, Gippsland, southern Victoria. Southeastern Queensland north to Blackwater (west of Rockhampton), eastern New South Wales, and eastern and central Victoria; very local in southeastern South Australia (Naracoorte district, Yahl). MELIPHAGA CASSIDIX Meliphaga cassidix (Gould) Ptilotis cassidix Gould (ex Jardin MS), 1867, Birds Aus- tralia, suppl., pt. 4, pl. 39 — Western Port, Victoria. Southern Victoria, formerly from Port Phillip Bay east for about 150 km. and north to Yarra River district; now rapidly declining in numbers and restricted to limited area east of Melbourne. Hybridizes with melanops; hybrids re- corded as far north as Merimbula, southeastern New South Wales. 2 M. melanops and cassidix form a superspecies. — F. S. 386 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD MELIPHAGA UNICOLOR Meliphaga unicolor (Gould) Ptilotis unicolor Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 186 — Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Ptilotis unicolor darbiski Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 4138 — Fitzroy River, northern Western Aus- tralia. Ptilotis unicolor yarra Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 4138 — Inkerman, Queensland. Ptilotis unicolor brenda Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 50 — Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Northern tropical Australia; in Western Australia south to Derby and Fitzroy River, east through northern Northern Territory (including Melville Island), and northern Queens- land south to Townsville and Inkerman; absent from Cape York Peninsula. One very doubtful record from northeastern New South Wales (Comboyne Plateau). MELIPHAGA FLAVIVENTER Meliphaga flaviventer fusciventris (Salvadori) Xanthotis fusciventris Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 947 — Batanta Island. Waigeu and Batanta, western Papuan Islands. Meliphaga flaviventer flaviventer (Lesson and Garnot) Philedon chrysotis Lesson and Garnot, 1828 (March), Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, pt. 2, p. 645, and atlas livr. 6, pl. 21— Dorey [= Manokwari], Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea. Not Certhia chrysotis Latham, 1801 (inde- terminable). Myzantha flaviventer Lesson, 1828 (June), Man. Orn., 2, p. 67. New name for Philedon chrysotis Lesson and Garnot, preoccupied. Xanthotis lessoni Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list, 5, p. 85. New name for Philedon chrysotis Lesson and Garnot, pre- occupied. Xanthotis chrysotis austera Ripley, 1957, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 31, p. 4 — Tamulol, Misool Island. Misol and Salawati, western Papuan Islands; Vogelkop and Onin Peninsulas, northwestern New Guinea. MELIPHAGIDAE 387 Meliphaga flaviventer rubiensis (Meyer) XAanthotis rubiensis Meyer, 1884, Zeitsch. ges. Orn., 1, p. 289 — Rubi, head of Geelvink Bay. Xanthotis chrysotis mayert Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 258 — Mt. Derimapa, Gebroeders Mountains, Wey- land Mountains. South coast of Geelvink Bay and slopes of Vandammen Mountains and Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. Meliphaga flaviventer saturatior (Rothschild and Hartert) Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 445 — Kobroor Island, Aru Islands. Aru Islands, and southern New Guinea between Mimika River and upper Fly River, grading into tararae in area between Eilanden River and middle Fly River district. Meliphaga flaviventer tararae Salomonsen Meliphaga flaviventer tararae Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 6 — Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, 90 miles west of Daru, Western Division, British Papua, New Guinea. Southern coast of New Guinea, between middle and lower Digul River and Fly River. Meliphaga flaviventer giulianettii (Mayr) Xanthotis chrysotis giulianettii Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 663 — Avera, Aroa River, south- eastern New Guinea. Southeastern New Guinea between Hall Sound and Port Moresby. Meliphaga flaviventer visi (Hartert) Ptilotis visi Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 15 — Mailu, 25 miles west of Orangerie Bay, southeastern New Guinea. Southeastern New Guinea between Cloudy Bay and Milne Bay. Meliphaga flaviventer kumusii (Mayr) Xanthotis chrysotis kumusi Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 663 — Kumusi River, north coast of south- eastern New Guinea. North coast of southeastern New Guinea between Colling- wood Bay and Aicora River. 388 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Meliphaga flaviventer madaraszi (Rothschild and Hartert) Ptilotis chrysotis madaraszi Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 446 — Simbang, Huon Gulf, north- eastern New Guinea. Entire Huon Peninsula, Markham Valley, and Morobe dis- trict (upper Watut River), northeastern New Guinea. Hy- bridizing with philemon on western side of Astrolabe Bay. Meliphaga flaviventer philemon (Stresemann) Xanthotis flaviventer philemon Stresemann, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1 (5), p. 35— Malu, Sepik River, northern New Guinea. Northern New Guinea from Astrolabe Bay to Mamberano River. Meliphaga flaviventer meyeri (Salvadori) Ptilotis pyrrhotis Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 206 — Ansus, Jobi [=Japen] Island. Not Ptilotis pyrrotis Lesson, 1840 (indeterminable). Xanthotis meyeri Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 947. New name for Ptilotis pyrrhotis Meyer, preoccupied. Japen Island, Geelvink Bay. Meliphaga flaviventer spilogaster (Ogilvie-Grant) Ptilotis spilogaster Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p. 251 — “Port Moresby” [error = Fergusson Island, D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago]. D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Fergusson, Goodenough, and Normanby Islands) and Trobriand Islands. Meliphaga flaviventer filigera (Gould) Ptilotis fiiigera Gould, 1851, Birds Australia, suppl., pt. 1, pl. 42; also, 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 18 (1850), p. 278 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Xanthotis flaviventer watsoni Mathews, 1917, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 71 — Watson River, Cape York. Northern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, south to about lat. 14° S. MELIPHAGA POLYGRAMMA Meliphaga polygramma polygramma (Gray) Ptilotis polygramma G. R. Gray, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 429 — Waigeu Island. Waigeu, western Papuan Islands. MELIPHAGIDAE 389 Meliphaga polygramma kuehni (Hartert) Xanthotis polygramma kuehni Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 49 — Misol Island. Misol, western Papuan Islands. Meliphaga polygramma poikilosternos (Meyer) Xanthotis poikilosternos Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 112 — Andai, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Salawati, western Papuan Islands; lower slopes of moun- tains in western New Guinea where known from Vogelkop Peninsula, Weyland Mountains, Nassau Mountains (south slope), and Oranje Mountains (south slope). Meliphaga polygramma septentrionalis (Mayr) Xanthotis polygramma septentrionalis Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 665 — Maeanderberg, Sepik region, New Guinea. Northern New Guinea from Mamberano River east to upper Sepik River region (Maeanderberg and Victor Emanuel Range). Meliphaga polygramma lophotis Mayr Xanthotis polygramma lophotis Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 664 — Junzaing, Saruwaged Moun- tains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Xanthotis polygramma lepidota Paludan, 1935, Orn. Monatsb., 43, p. 54 — “British New Guinea,”’ probably Aroa River, Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea and of Huon Peninsula. Meliphaga polygramma candidior (Mayr and Rand) Xanthotis polygramma candidior Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 15 — Wuroi, Oriomo River, southern New Guinea. Lowland of southern New Guinea, from middle Fly River to Gulf of Papua. MELIPHAGA MACLEAYANA Meliphaga macleayana (Ramsay) Ptilotis macleayana Ramsay, 1875 (April), Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1 (1876), p. 10 — Cardwell, northern Queensland; subsequent restriction to Cook- 390 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD town, northern Queensland, by Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, p. 481, is invalid; cf., also, Hindwood, 1946, Rec. Austr. Mus., 21, p. 392. Ptilotis flavostriata Gould, 1875 (Aug.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 315 — Rockingham Bay, Queensland. Caloptilotis macleayana johnstoni Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Cairns area, northeastern Queensland, from Cooktown south to Herbert River. MELIPHAGA FRENATA Meliphaga frenata (Ramsay) Ptilotis frenata Ramsay, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 608 — Cardwell, northern Queensland. Meliphaga frenata petersoni Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Hill country and tableland of northeastern Queensland, from Cooktown south to about lat. 22° S. (southwest of Mackay) ; in off-season visiting coastal lowland. MELIPHAGA SUBFRENATA Meliphaga subfrenata subfrenata (Salvadori) Ptilotis subfrenata Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 948 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. Meliphaga subfrenata melanolaema (Reichenow) Xanthotis melanolaema Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 127 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea. Northern upper slope of central mountains of New Guinea (Nassau, Oranje, and Sepik Mountains, east to Victor Emanuel Range and Schrader Range). Meliphaga subfrenata salvadorii (Hartert) Ptilotis salvadorii Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 531 — Mt. Victoria, Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Ptilotis lacrimans De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 8382 — Mt. Scratch- ley, southeastern New Guinea. Xanthotis subfrenata kingwalip Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. MELIPHAGIDAE 391 Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 663 — Ogeramnang, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Upper slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west on north side to Bismarck, Kubor, and Saruwaged Ranges and on south side to Wharton Range. Meliphaga subfrenata utakwensis (Ogilvie-Grant) Ptilotis salvadorvi utakwensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee suppl., 2, p. 71— Utakwa River, 8,000 ft., Nassau Range, New Guinea. Xanthotis frenata olivascentior Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 258 — Mt. Derimapa, Gebroeders Mountains, Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. Weyland Mountains and southern upper slope of central mountain range of New Guinea (Nassau and Oranje Moun- tains, grading into melanolaema in Hindenburg Range). MELIPHAGA OBSCURA Meliphaga obscura viridifrons Salomonsen Meliphaga obscura viridifrons Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 7 — Bamos- kaboe, 2,300 ft., Karoon, Tamrau Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Meliphaga obscura obscura (De Vis) Ptilotis obscura De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 383 — Mt. Scratch- ley, southeastern New Guinea. Ptilotis diops Salvadori, 1899, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, 19, p. 581— Purari River, Gulf of Papua, New Guinea. Xanthotis chlorolaema Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 127 — Etappenberg, Sepik Mountains, New Guinea. Lower slopes of Weyland Mountains, central mountain range of New Guinea (Nassau, Oranje, and Sepik Moun- tains), and mountains of southeastern New Guinea; in Weyland Mountains grading into viridifrons. GENUS OREORNIS VAN OoRT Oreornis Van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 214. Type, by monotypy, Oreornis chrysogenys Van Oort. 392 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD OREORNIS CHRYSOGENYS Oreornis chrysogenys Van Oort Oreornis chrysogenys Van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 215 — 4,150 m., Oranje Mountains. Upper slopes of Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. GENUS FOULEHAIO REICHENBACH Foulehaio Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, continuatio no. IX (Meropinae), 1, p. 110. Type, by monotypy, Philemon musicus Vieillot = Certhia carunculata Gmelin. Sarcogenys G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 25. New name for Foulehaio Reichenbach. Proceriolotes Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 94. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis procerior Finsch and Hartlaub. Meliphacator Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasia- narum, p. 771. Type, by original designation, Ptilotis provocator Layard. cf. Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 4-12. FOULEHAIO CARUNCULATA Foulehaio carunculata carunculata (Gmelin) Certhia carunculata Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 472 — Tongatabu. Based on “Wattled Creeper” Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2), p. 732. Creadion tabuensis Stephens, 1826, in Shaw, General Zool., 14, p. 233. New name for Certhia carunculata Gmelin. Samoan Islands, Horne Islands, Tonga Islands, and east- ern Fiji Islands, including Lau Archipelago. Foulehaio carunculata taviunensis (Wiglesworth) Ptilotis similis Layard, 1876, Ibis, p. 148 — Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands. Not Ptilotis stmilis Pucheran, 1853, = Meliphaga analoga. Ptilotis procerior taviunensis Wiglesworth, 1891, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 3 (1890-91), no. 6, p. 34. New name for Ptilotis similis Layard, preoccupied. Ptilotis procerior buaensis Wiglesworth, 1891, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 3 (1890-91), no. 6, p. 34 — Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands. Taveuni and Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands. MELIPHAGIDAE 393 Foulehaio carunculata procerior (Finsch and Hartlaub) Ptilotis procerior Finsch and Hartlaub, 1867, Beitr. Faun. Central-polynesiens, p. 62, pl. 5, fig. 3 — Ovalau Island, Fiji Islands. Western Fiji Islands (Viti Levu, Ovalau, and Yasawa Archipelago) ; recorded once from Kandavu. FOULEHAIO PROVOCATOR Foulehaio provocator (Layard) Ptilotis provocator Layard, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 28 — Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands. Kandavu, Fiji Islands. GENUS CLEPTORNIS OUSTALET Cleptornis Oustalet, 1889, Naturaliste, ser. 2, 3 [=11], p. 260. Type, by monotypy, Ptilotis marchez Oustalet. ef. Baker, 1951, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, pp. 302-304. CLEPTORNIS MARCHEI Cleptornis marchei (Oustalet) Ptilotis marchei Oustalet, 1889, Naturaliste, ser. 2, 3 [= 11], p. 260 — Saipan. Saipan, Marianas Islands. GENUS APALOPTERON BONAPARTE Apalopteron Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, pp. 54, 59. Type, by monotypy, Ixos familiaris Kittlitz. cf. Deignan, 1958, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 108, pp. 133-136. Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 566. APALOPTERON FAMILIARE Apalopteron familiare familiare (Kittlitz) Ixos familiaris Kittlitz, 1831, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 1, p. 235, pl. 138 — ‘“‘Boninsima” ; restricted to Muko Shima, northern Bonin Islands, by Yamashina, 1930, Tori, 6, p. 330. Muko Shima, northern Bonin Islands. Apalopteron familiare hahasima Yamashina Apalopteron familiare hahasima Yamashina, 1930, Tori, 394 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD 6, p. 8380 — Sekimon-yama, Haha Shima group, southern Bonin Islands. Haha Shima group (Haha Shima, Mei Shima, and Muko Shima), southern Bonin Islands. GENUS MELITHREPTUS VIEILLOT Melithreptus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 46. Type, by sub- sequent designation (Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 204), Certhia lunulata Shaw (error for lunata) =Certhia lunata Vieillot.1 Emended to Meli- threptes. cf. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 239-287. Serventy and Whittell, 1962, Birds Western Australia, ed. 3, pp. 374-376. MELITHREPTUS BREVIROSTRIS Melithreptus brevirostris brevirostris (Vigors and Horsfield) Meliphaga brevirostris Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 315 — New South Wales. Melithreptus atricapillus submagnirostris Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 393 — Victoria. Melithreptus atricapillus insularis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 394 — King Island, Bass Strait. Melithreptus atricapillus minnie Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 192 — Minnie Downs, Queensland. Southeastern Queensland, north to about lat. 26° S.; east- ern and extreme southwestern New South Wales and greater part of Victoria; King Island, in Bass Strait. Melithreptus brevirostris magnirostris North Melithreptus magnirostris North, 1905, Rec. Austr. Mus., 6, p. 20 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. 1 This is the first correct type designation. It is usually stated that the type designation is based on monotypy, but Vieillot actually placed two species in his Melithreptus, namely “Heorotaire fuscalbin” (= Certhia lunata Vieillot) and “Hoho” (=Certhia pacifica Gmelin), referring to Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, pls. 61, 63, respectively. G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 15 cited Melithreptus as a synonym to Acanthorhynchus, but in the second edition (1841, p. 16) stated that he wanted to retain Melithreptus as the name for the “first section” (i.e. Certhia lunata), “to which it seems more proper that it should be applied.” This cannot be accepted as a definite type designation. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 395 Melithreptus brevirostris augustus Mathews Melithreptus atricapillus augustus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 393 — Port Augusta, South Aus- tralia. Melithreptus atricapillus pallidiceps Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 394 — Ninety Mile Desert, South Australia. Melithreptus atricapillus mallee Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 192 — Mallee, Victoria. : Melithreptus atricapillus subleucogenys Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 394 — Lake Dundas, south- ern Western Australia. Southern South Australia and southeastern Western Aus- tralia, from northwestern Victoria through Flinders Range, Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas, and coastal strip of Nullarbor Plain, north to about Ooldea, and west to Lake Dundas, southern Western Australia; in northwestern Victoria and southeastern South Australia (southeast of Adelaide) intergrading with nominate brevirostris. Melithreptus brevirostris leucogenys Milligan Melithreptus leucogenys Milligan, 1903, Emu, 2, p. 161 — Stirling Range, southern Western Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, north to Galena and Mullewa, and east to Kalgoorlie area. i MELITHREPTUS LUNATUS Melithreptus lunatus lunatus (Vieillot) Certhia atricapilla Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 37 — Nova Hollandia. Unidentifiable. Certhia lunata Vieillot (ex Shaw MS), 1802, in Audebert and Vieillot, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, p. 95, pl. 61 — Nouvelle Hollande [= New South Wales]. Melithreptus albicollis Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 325 — Nouvelle Hollande [= New South Wales]. Melithreptus albicapillus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 329 — Nouvelle Hollande [= New South Wales]. Melithreptus lunatus adelaidensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 391 — Adelaide, South Australia. Hill country and tableland of eastern Queensland, north to Cairns area; coastal from Brisbane southward; eastern New 396 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD South Wales (rarely in extreme southwestern mallee), Vic- toria (except northwest); southeastern South Australia north to Morgan and Clare, rare on Yorke Peninsula; also Kangaroo Island and Kent group in Bass Strait. Nomadic to some extent. Melithreptus lunatus chloropsis Gould Melithreptus chloropsis Gould, 1848 (March 1), Birds Australia, 4, pt. 30, pl. 73; also, 1848 (March 29), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 15 (1847), p. 220—Swan River, Western Australia. Melithreptus whitlocki Mathews, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 24 — Wilson Inlet, southern Western Aus- tralia. Southwestern Western Australia north to Moora, south- east to Bromehill and Stirling Range, and east along coast to Esperance Bay and Stokes Inlet. MELITHREPTUS ALBOGULARIS Melithreptus albogularis albogularis Gould Melithreptus albogularis Gould, 1848 (March 1), Birds Australia, 4, pt. 30, pl. 74; also, 1848 (March 29), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 15 (1847), p. 220 — “Northern and Eastern Australia” [= Port Essington, Northern Terri- tory; cf. de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 224]. Melithreptus vinitinctus De Vis, 1885, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1 (1884), p. 159 — Norman River, Queens- land. Melithreptus lunatus gradus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 48 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Melithreptus lunatus yorki Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 98 — Cape York, north Queensland. Northern (humid and subhumid) Northern Territory (in- cluding Melville Island) and northern Queensland; coast eastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales south to Macksville area (Nambucca) ; lowland of southern New Guinea from lower Fly River (Oriomo River area) east to Port Moresby. Melithreptus albogularis subalbogularis Mathews Melithreptus lunatus subalbogularis Mathews, 1912, MELIPHAGIDAE 397 Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 392 — Derby, northern West- ern Australia. Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Derby. MELITHREPTUS AFFINIS Melithreptus affinis alisteri Mathews Melithreptus alisteri Mathews, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 85 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island and Furneaux group (Flinders Island, Cape Barren Island), in Bass Strait; population of Furneaux group intermediate between alisteri and nominate affinis. Melithreptus affinis affinis (Lesson) Eidopsarus affinis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. [Paris], p. 167 — “Nova Wallia meridionalis” [error = Tasmania]. Melithreptus melanocephalus Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 62— Van Diemen’s Land [= Tas- mania]. Tasmania. MELITHREPTUS GULARIS Melithreptus gularis (Gould) Haematops gularis Gould, 1837 (Jan.), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 17, fig. 3; also, 18837 (June), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4 (1886), p. 144 — interior of New South Wales. Melithreptus (nigro)gularis Diggles, 1867, Ornith. Aus- tralia, pt. 12, pl. 4 [= 2, pl. 65] — New South Wales. Melithreptus gularis lofty: Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 392 — South Australia [= Mt. Lofty]. Southeastern Queensland north to Warrego River (Charle- ville) and Rockhampton, local in hill country north to Cairns area; eastern and mid-western New South Wales; Vic- toria, except northwest and along south coast; southeastern South Australia, west to Adelaide plains and southern Flinders Ranges. MELITHREPTUS LAETIOR! Melithreptus laetior carpentarianus Campbell Melithreptus carpentariana Campbell, 1904, Emu, 4, p. 71 — Homestead, Campaspe River, Queensland. 1 Probably conspecific with M. gularis. —F. S. 398 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Melithreptus gularis ingrami Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 393 — Inkerman, Queensland. Interior central Queensland (Homestead, Inkerman, and Charleville) ; probably interbreeding with M. gularis. Melithreptus laetior normantoniensis Salomonsen Melithreptus laetior normantoniensis Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 7 — Normanton, northwestern Queensland. Northwestern Queensland, south of Gulf of Carpentaria. Records from Cooktown and Cairns area, northeastern Queensland, probably refer to this form. Melithreptus laetior laetior (Gould) Melithreptes laetior Gould, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 16, p. 287 — Lake Eyre district, central Australia. Melithreptus gularis coongani Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 392 — Coongan River, mid-Western Aus- tralia. Melithreptus laetior northi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 87 — western Northern Territory. Kimberley Division in northern Western Australia, south to Hamersley Range, mid-Western Australia; semiarid and arid zones of Northern Territory, south to Lake Eyre in northern South Australia. Melithreptus laetior parus Salomonsen Melithreptus laetior parus Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 8 — Exmouth Gulf, mid-Western Australia. Exmouth Gulf, mid-Western Australia. MELITHREPTUS VALIDIROSTRIS Melithreptus validirostris kingi Mathews Melithreptus validirostris kingi Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 131 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island and Furneaux Group (Flinders Island, Cape Barren Island), in Bass Strait. Melithreptus validirostris validirostris (Gould) Haematops validirostris Gould, 1837 (Jan.), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 17, fig. 2; also, 1887 (June), Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 4 (18386), p. 144 — Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania]. Tasmania. MELIPHAGIDAE 399 GENUS ENTOMYZON SWAINSON Entomyzon Swainson, 1825, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 480. Type, by original designation, ‘“Blue-faced Grackle of Latham” = Gracula cyanotis Latham. ef. Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 232. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 288-297. ENTOMYZON CYANOTIS Entomyzon cyanotis cyanotis (Latham)! Gracula cyanotis Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 29 — Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Stresemann, 1951, Emu, 50, p. 68]. Certhia graculoides Bechstein, 1811, Kurze Uebersicht aller bekannten Vogel, p. 198 — “Neuholland” [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Based on “L’Héorotaire graculé” Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, pl. 87. Certhia graculina Shaw, 1811-12, General Zool., 8, p. 242 — New Holland [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Philemon viridis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 27, p. 481 — Nouvelle Hollande [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf., also, Pucheran, 1855, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7, p. 350]. Southeastern South Australia (upper reaches of Murray River west to Morgan and formerly Mannum; also from Naracoorte and formerly near Adelaide) ; interior Victoria, mostly along River Murray and its tributaries; New South Wales, except northwestern and southeastern coasts; east- ern and central Queensland north to about Cairns, grading into harterti north of Mackay. Entomyzon cyanotis harterti Robinson and Laverock Entomyza cyanotis harterti Robinson and Laverock, 1900, Ibis, p. 685 — Cooktown, northern Queensland. Entomiza cyanotis griseigularis Van Oort, 1909, Nova Guinea, Zool., 9, livr. 1, p. 97 — Merauke, southwestern New Guinea. Entomyzon cyanotis connectens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 421 — Inkerman, northern Queens- land. 1 The subspecies cyanotis and harterti form the “cyanotis group”. — 135 (Sb 400 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Entomyzon cyanotis hedleyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 101 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Northern Queensland south to Cairns district; southern New Guinea from Merauke district east to Wassi Kussa River. Entomyzon cyanotis albipennis Gould! Entomyza albipennis Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 8 (1840), p. 169 — Port Essington, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Entomyzon cyanotis subalbipennis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 422— Parry’s Creek, northern Western Australia. Wyndham district in northeastern Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, east through northern humid and subhumid parts of Northern Territory to south coast of Gulf of Carpentaria (Borroloola). Entomyzon cyanotis apsleyi Mathews Entomyzon cyanotis apsleyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 51 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Melville Island, Northern Territory. » . GENUS NOTIOMYSTIS RICHMOND Pogonornis G. R. Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 123. Type, by monotypy, Meliphaga cincta Du Bus. Not Pogonornis Billberg, 1828 (Aves) ; cf. Mathews and Iredale, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 40. Notiomystis Richmond, 1908, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35, p. 634. New name for Pogonornis Gray, preoccupied. NOTIOMYSTIS CINCTA Notiomystis cincta cincta (Du Bus) Meliphaga cincta Du Bus, 1839, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles, 6, pt. 1, p. 295 — Nouvelle-Zélande [= North Island, New Zealand]. Formerly North Island, New Zealand, and Great Barrier Island; probably Kapiti Island. Extinct since about 1885. 1 The subspecies albipennis and apsleyi form the “albipennis group”. —F. 8. MELIPHAGIDAE A401 Notiomystis cincta hautura Mathews Notiomystis cincta hautura Mathews, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 159 — Little Barrier Island, New Zea- land. Little Barrier Island, New Zealand. GENUS PYCNOPYGIUS SALVADORI Pycnopygius Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 78. Type, by monotypy, Pycnonotus (?) stictoceph- alus Salvadori. cf. Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee suppl., 2, pp. 73-75, 79. Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 666-667 (ixoides). Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, pp. 233-234. PYCNOPYGIUS IXOIDES Pycnopygius ixoides ixoides (Salvadori) Ptilotis ? ixoides Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 338 — Sorong, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Northwestern New Guinea, east to head of Geelvink Bay (Menoo River). Pycnopygius ixoides cinereifrons Salomonsen Pycnopygius ixoides cinereifrons Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 8 — two miles below junction of Black and Palmer Rivers, 100 m., Western Division, British Papua, southern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea from Mimika River east to upper Fly River. Pycnopygius ixoides simplex (Reichenow) Ptilotis simplex Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 126 — “‘“Mittleres Sepikgebiet” [=Maeanderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea]. Northern New Guinea from Mamberano River to middle Sepik River, in latter area grading into proximus. Pycnopygius ixoides proximus (Madarasz) Ptilotis proxima Madarasz, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 3 — Erima, Astrolabe Bay, northeastern New Guinea. 402 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Northern New Guinea from middle Sepik River east to Astrolabe Bay. Pycnopygius ixoides unicus Mayr Pycnopygius ixoides unicus Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 666 — Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula, north- eastern New Guinea. Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula, and Wau, upper Bulolo River, Herzog Mountains, northeastern New Guinea. Pycnopygius ixoides finschi (Rothschild and Hartert) Ptilotis finschi Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 448 — “Mountains of British New Guinea. Weiske coll.” [= ? Aroa River]. Southeastern New Guinea, on north coast between Kumusi River and Milne Bay, but no definite records from south coast. PYCNOPYGIUS CINEREUS Pycnopygius cinereus cinereus (Sclater) Ptilotis cinerea Sclater, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 693 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Pycnopygius cinereus dorsalis Stresemann and Paludan Pycnopygius cinereus dorsalis Stresemann and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 44 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea. Weyland Mountains and southern slope of western part of Nassau Mountains, western New Guinea. Pycnopygius cinereus marmoratus (Sharpe) Ptilotis marmorata Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, Zool., 16, pp. 319, 438 — Moroka district, Astrolabe Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea; Herzog and Saruwaged Mountains, and central mountain range, on northern slope west to Hindenburg Range and on southern slope to Oranje and Nassau Mountains. PYCNOPYGIUS STICTOCEPHALUS Pycnopygius stictocephalus (Salvadori) Pycnonotus (?) stictocephalus Salvadori, 1876, Ann. MELIPHAGIDAE 403 Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 34 — Naiabui, Hall Sound, south- eastern New Guinea. Lowlands of New Guinea; also Aru Islands, and Salawati, western Papuan Islands. GENUS PHILEMON VIEILLOT Philemon Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 47. Type, by subse- quent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 15), Merops moluccensis Gmelin. Tropidorhynchus Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, 15, p. 323. Type, by subsequent designa- tion (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 16), Merops corniculatus Latham. Melitograis Sundevall, 1872, Method. Av. Tentam., p. 50. Type, by monotypy, Melitograis striata Sundevall = Tropidorhynchus gilolensis Bonaparte. Philemonopsis Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 79. Type, by original designation, Philemon meyert Salvadori. Neophilemon Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 117. Type, by original designation, ‘‘Buphaga orien- oides yorki Mathews. Microphilemon Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 117. Type, by original designation, ““Buphaga orien- talis Latham” = Tropidorhynchus citreogularis Gould. Alphaphilemon Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 94. Type, by original designation, Tropidorhynchus diemenensis Lesson. Argentiphilemon Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 96. Type, by original designation, Tropidorhynchus argenticeps Gould. ef. Rothschild and Hartert, 19138, Novit. Zool., 20, pp. 513- 514 (novaeguineae). Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, div. A, no. 7, pp. 63-64 (novaeguineade). Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 96-123. Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, pp. 165-167 (relationships of species). Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 43 (Mela- nesian species). 404 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD PHILEMON MEYERI Philemon meyeri Salvadori Tropidorhynchus inornatus Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 212 — Rubi, Geelvink Bay, northwestern New Guinea. Not Tropidorhynchus inornatus G. R. Gray, 1846. Philemon meyeri Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 839. New name for Tropidorhynchus inornatus Meyer, preoccupied. Ptilotis fulvocinerea Meyer, 1886, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 3, p. 24, pl. 5, fig. 1 — Hufeisengebirge, Astrolabe Moun- tains, southeastern New Guinea. Philemonopsis meyeri canescens Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 126 — ‘‘Mittleres Sepikgebiet” [= Etap- penberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea]. Eastern New Guinea, west along south coast to Fly River, along north coast to head of Geelvink Bay (Rubi). PHILEMON BRASSI Philemon brassi Rand Philemon brassi Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 18 — Bernhard Camp, 50 m., Idenburg River, north- western New Guinea. Upper Mamberano basin, northwestern New Guinea. PHILEMON CITREOGULARIS Philemon citreogularis citreogularis (Gould) Tropidorhynchus citreogularis Gould, 1837 (Jan.), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 13, fig. 1; also, 1837 (June), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4 (1836), p. 148 — interior of New South Wales. Philedon collaris Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, abth. 2, continuatio IX (Mero- pinae), 1, p. 141; figured in Icon. Synops. Avium, fig. 3515 — Celebes [error = Australia] ; restricted here to interior of New South Wales. Philemon orientalis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 428 — New South Wales. Not Buceros orien- talis Latham, 1790 (indeterminable). Philemon orientalis didimus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 423 — South Australia. Philemon (Microphilemon) citreogularis pseudonymus MELIPHAGIDAE 405 Mathews and Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 155 — Maltan, Cloncurry, northern Queensland. Philemon (Microphilemon) citreogularis frater Mathews and Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 155 — Pentland, northern Queensland. Upper reaches of Murray River west to Morgan in south- eastern South Australia; interior Victoria, mostly along River Murray and its tributaries; New South Wales, except northwest and eastern coastal areas, but recently (since about 1930) expanding eastward and occasionally breeding near coast in Sydney area and at other localities ; eastern and central Queensland, north at coast to about Cairns, in in- terior at least to Charleville, but probably farther north. Nomadic to some extent. Philemon citreogularis johnstoni Mathews Philemon orientalis johnstoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 423 — Johnston River, northern Queens- land. Northeastern Queensland, south to Cairns district. Philemon citreogularis carpentariae Salomonsen Philemon citreogularis carpentariae Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 8 — Normanton, northwestern Queensland. South coast of Gulf of Carpentaria, northwestern Queens- land. Philemon citreogularis sordidus (Gould) Tropidorhynchus sordidus Gould, 1848, Birds Australia, 1, introduction, p. 58 (octavo ed., p. 64) — Port Essington, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia. : Northern Northern Territory, Australia, from Borroloola east to Daly River. Philemon citreogularis breda Mathews Philomen orientalis breda Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 51— Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Melville Island, Northern Territory. Philemon citreogularis occidentalis Ramsay Philemon occidentalis Ramsay, 1888, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser. 2, 2 (=12), p. 676 — Derby, northern Western Australia. 406 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Beagle Bay and Fitzroy River, probably extending east into Northern Territory. Philemon citreogularis papuanus Mayr and Rand Philemon citreogularis papuanus Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 15— Oriomo River, Western Division, British Papua, southern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea, from Merauke district to lower Fly River. Philemon citreogularis kisserensis Meyer Philemon kisserensis Meyer, 1885, Sitzungsb. Abh. Natur- wiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884, Abhandl., p. 41 — Kisser Island, southern Banda Sea. Kisser, Letti, and Moa Islands, southern Banda Sea. PHILEMON INORNATUS Philemon inornatus inornatus (Gray) Tropidorhynchus inornatus G. R. Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 125, pl. 89 —no locality [=Timor Island]; re- stricted to Kupang by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 166. Tropidorhynchus cineraceus Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 390— Timor; restricted to Pariti, western Timor, by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 165. Western Timor Island, east to Atapupu, where intergrad- ing with robustus. Philemon inornatus robustus Mayr Philemon inornatus robustus Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, p. 165— Mt. Ramelan, eastern Timor Island. Eastern Timor Island. PHILEMON GILOLENSIS Philemon gilolensis (Bonaparte) Tropidorhynchus gilolensis Bonaparte, 1851?, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 390 — Gilolo [= Halmahera] Island. Batjan, Halmahera, and Morotai Islands, northern Moluccas. MELIPHAGIDAE 407 PHILEMON FUSCICAPILLUS! Philemon fuscicapillus (Wallace) Tropidorhynchus fuscicapillus Wallace, 1862, Ibis, p. 351 — Morty [= Morotai] Island, northern Moluccas. Batjan, Halmahera, and Morotai Islands, northern Moluc- cas. PHILEMON SUBCORNICULATUS Philemon subcorniculatus (Hombron and Jacquinot) Merops subcorniculatus Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841, ~ Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 2, 16, p. 314 — Ceram Island. Ceram Island. PHILEMON MOLUCCENSIS Philemon moluccensis moluccensis (Gmelin) Merops moluccensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 465 — Bouro [= Buru] Island. Based on Polochion Buffon (i.e. Montbeillard), 1783, Hist. Nat. Oiseaux, 6, p. 477. Buru Island. Philemon moluccensis timorlaoensis Meyer Philemon timorlaoénsis Meyer, 1885, Abh. Naturwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884, p. 41 — Timorlaut, Tenimber Islands. Tenimbar Islands, southern Banda Sea. Philemon moluccensis plumigenis (Gray) Tropidorhynchus plumigenis G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 174 — Kei Islands. Kei Islands. PHILEMON BUCEROIDES Philemon buceroides neglectus (Biittikofer) Tropidorhynchus neglectus Biittikofer, 1891, Notes Leyden Mus., 13, p. 213 — Flores Island. Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. Philemon buceroides sumbanus Rensch Philemon buceroides sumbanus Rensch, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 8385 — Kambera, Sumba Island. Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands. 1 Philemon fuscicapillus, subcorniculatus, moluccensis, buceroides, novaeguineae, cockerelli, eichhorni, and albitorques form a super- species. — F. S. 408 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Philemon buceroides plesseni Rensch Philemon timoriensis plesseni Rensch, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., Suppl. (Festschr. f. Hartert), 77, p. 198 — Lomblen Island. Lomblen, Pantar, and Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands. Philemon buceroides pallidiceps Hellmayr Philemon timoriensis pallidiceps Hellmayr, 1914, in Haniel, Zool. Timor, 1, p. 47 — Wetter Island. Wetar, Lesser Sunda Islands. Philemon buceroides buceroides (Swainson) Philedon buceroides Swainson, 1838, Anim. Menag., p. 325 — New Holland [error = Timor, cf. Hellmayr, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 101]. Tropidorhynchus timoriensis Miller, 1842, Land. Volk., in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 153 — Timor and Semao. Timor, Savu, and Semau, Lesser Sunda Islands. Philemon buceroides gordoni Mathews Philemon buceroides gordoni Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 102 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Melville Island, and mangrove belt of adjacent mainland of Northern Territory, Australia. PHILEMON NOVAEGUINEAE Philemon novaeguineae novaeguineae (Miiller) Trop. (idorhynchus) novae-guineae S. Miiller, 1843, Land. Volk., in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezit., 1 (1839-44), p. 153 — Zuidwestkust van Nieuw-Guinea [= Lobo, Triton Bay, southwestern New Guinea]. Kofiau, Misol, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeu, western Papuan Islands; Vogelkop Peninsula and adjacent north- western New Guinea, east to Etna Bay and head of Geelvink Bay. Philemon novaeguineae aruensis (Meyer) Tropidorhynchus aruensis Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 216 — Aru Islands. Aru Islands. MELIPHAGIDAE 409 Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis Rothschild and Hartert Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis Rothschild and Har- tert, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, p. 513 — “Snow Mountains” [= Utakwa River, southern New Guinea]. Southern New Guinea, from Etna Bay east to middle Fly River, where grading into fretensis. Philemon novaeguineae fretensis Salomonsen Philemon novaeguineae fretensis Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 9 — Hall Sound, Central Division, British Papua, southeastern New Guinea. Southern New Guinea from middle Fly River east along south coast of southeastern New Guinea to Milne Bay. Philemon novaeguineae trivialis Salomonsen Philemon novaeguineae trivialis Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 9 — Colling- wood Bay, northern coast of southeastern New Guinea. Collingwood Bay and Kumusi River, northern coast of southeastern New Guinea. Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus Hartert Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 238 — Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago. D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Fergusson, Goodenough, and Normanby Islands) and Trobriand Islands (Kiriwina, Kitava, and Kaileuna Islands). Philemon novaeguineae tagulanus Rothschild and Hartert Philemon novaeguineae tagulanus Rothschild and Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p. 319—Tagula [= Sudest] Island. Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago. Philemon novaeguineae jobiensis (Meyer) Tropidorhynchus jobiensis Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 113 — Ansus, Jobi [= Japen] Island. Japen Island in Geelvink Bay, and northern New Guinea from Mamberano River to south coast of Huon Gulf (Malalo). 410 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Philemon novaeguineae yorki Mathews! Philemon buceroides yorki Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 102 — Cape York, northern Queensland. Islands in Torres Strait; eastern Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, south to Cooktown. Philemon novaeguineae confusus (Mathews) Neophilemon orientalis confusus Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 39 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Northeastern Queensland, from Cairns district south to Mackay. PHILEMON COCKERELLI Philemon cockerelli umboi Hartert Philemon novaeguineae umboi Hartert, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 143 — Rook Island. Umboi [= Rook] Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Philemon cockerelli cockerelli Sclater Philemon cockerelli Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 104 — New Britain. New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. PHILEMON EICHHORNI Philemon eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert Philemon eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 8— hills of southwestern New Ireland. New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. PHILEMON ALBITORQUES Philemon albitorques Sclater Philemon albitorques Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 553 — Admiralty Islands. Manus, Admiralty Islands. PHILEMON ARGENTICEPS Philemon argenticeps kempi Mathews Philemon argenticeps kempi Mathews, 1912, Austral 1 Replaces Tropidorhynchus buceroides Swainson of Sharpe’s Hand- list. MELIPHAGIDAE All Avian Rec., 1, p. 101— Cape York, northern Queens- land. Northern Queensland, south to Townsville. Philemon argenticeps alexis Mathews Philemon argenticeps alexis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 422 — Alexandria, Northern Territory, Australia. Northern Northern Territory, Australia, south to south- ern limits of subarid zone. Philemon argenticeps melvillensis Mathews Philemon argenticeps melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 51 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory. Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Philemon argenticeps argenticeps (Gould) Tropidorhynchus argenticeps Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 7 (1839), p. 144 — northwestern coast of Aus- tralia [= West Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia; cf. Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112]. Philemon argenticeps broomei Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 101 — Napier Broome Bay, northeast- ern Western Australia. Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Derby and Fitzroy River. PHILEMON CORNICULATUS Philemon corniculatus corniculatus (Latham) Merops corniculatus Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 276 — Nova Hollandia [= New South Wales]. Merops tuberculatus Forster, 1794, Magaz. Merkwiird. Neuen Reise Beschreib., 5, p. 129 — New South Wales. Based en “The Knob-fronted Bee-eater’’ White, 1790, Journ. Voy. New South Wales, cf. Mathews, 1943, Aus- tralian Zoologist, 10, p. 164. Merops nodifrons Forster, 1794, Magaz. Merkwiird. Neuen Reise Beschreib., 5, p. 97 — New South Wales. Same basis as Merops tuberculatus Forster. Northeastern Victoria and eastern New South Wales. Has straggled to southern Victoria and southeastern South Aus- tralia (Renmark). Nomadic. 412 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Philemon corniculatus clamans Salomonsen Philemon corniculatus clamans Salomonsen, 1966, Brevi- ora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 10 — Wallaroo Gorge, Carnarvon Range, southeastern Queensland. Southeastern Queensland, north to about Mackay. Philemon corniculatus ellioti Mathews Philemon corniculatus ellioti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 423 — Mt. Elliot, northern Queensland. Tropidorhynchus corniculatus watsoni Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 110 — Watson River, northern Queensland. Northeastern Queensland, from about Mackay to Archer River, Cape York Peninsula; southern New Guinea between Oriomo River and Wassi Kussa River (lower Fly River region). PHILEMON DIEMENENSIS Philemon diemenensis (Lesson) Tropidorhynchus diemenensis Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 401— La Terre de Diémen [by error = New Cale- donia]. Tropidorhynchus lessoni Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 161 — “Port St. Vincent, New Caledonia; Isle of Pines; Loyalty Islands.” New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands (Lifu Island and Maré Island). GENUS PTILOPRORA DE VIS Ptiloprora De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 103. Type, by present designation, Ptilotis guiset De Vis.1 ef. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 509-510 (perstriata). Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, pp. 369-370 (gwiser and perstriata) . Gilliard and Lecroy, 1961, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 123, pp. 79-81 (guisei and perstriata). 1 No proper type selection has been made. It is usually stated that the type designation is based on monotypy, but De Vis placed both guisei and erythropleura in Ptiloprora, without choosing a generic type. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 413 PTILOPRORA PLUMBEA Ptiloprora plumbea plumbea (Salvadori) Ptilotis plumbea Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, 14, p. 151 — Moroka, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea and Herzog Moun- tains. Ptiloprora plumbea granti Mayr Ptiloprora plumbea granti Mayr, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 51, p. 59 — Utakwa River, Nassau Range, New Guinea. Central mountain range in New Guinea, from Nassau Mountains east to Hindenburg Mountains. PTILOPRORA MEEKIANA Ptiloprora meekiana meekiana (Rothschild and Hartert) ! Ptilotis meekiana Rothschild and Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p. 482 — upper Aroa River, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, Herzog Moun- tains, and Saruwaged Mountains. Ptiloprora meekiana occidentalis Rand Ptiloprora meekiana occidentalis Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 13 — Bele River, 18 km. north of Lake Habbema, Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. Upper slope of eastern Nassau Mountains and western Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. PTILOPRORA ERYTHROPLEURA Ptiloprora erythropleura erythropleura (Salvadori) Ptilotis erythropleura Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7 (1875), p. 949 — Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. 1 Meliornis schistacea De Vis, 1897, appears to be indeterminable, but may refer to this species; cf. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 207. To avoid name changing, Meliornis schistacea has been sup- pressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Cf. 1963, Bull. Zool. Nomenclature, 20, pt. 6, pp. 418-420 (Opinion 684).— F. S. A414 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ptiloprora erythropleura dammermani Stresemann and Paludan Ptiloprora erythropleura dammermani Stresemann and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 44 — Mt. Sumuri, Weyland Mountains, western Near Guinea. Ptiloprora guisei incerta Junge, 1952, Zool. Meded. Rijks- mus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 31, p. 249 — Bobaira, Wissel Lake district, southwestern New Guinea.! Weyland Mountains and Nassau and Oranje Ranges in central mountain range of New Guinea. PTILOPRORA GUISEI Ptiloprora guisei guisei (De Vis) Ptilotis (?) gwisei De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 103 — Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea. Ptilotis praecipua Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 370 — between Mt. Musgrave and Mt. Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea. Herzog Mountains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west to Bismarck and Kubor Ranges, where grading into wumbrosa. Ptiloprora guisei umbrosa Mayr Ptiloprora guisei umbrosa Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 666 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea. Saruwaged Mountains and Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea. Ptiloprora guisei mayri Hartert Ptiloprora guisei mayri Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 49 — Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea. Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea. PTILOPRORA PERSTRIATA Ptiloprora perstriata praedicta Hartert Ptiloprora guisei praedicta Hartert, 19380, Nivit. Zool., 36, p. 49 — Mt. Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains, north- western New Guinea. Wandammen Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. 1 Probably a hybrid between P. erythropleura dammermani and P. perstriata perstriata. —F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE ~ A415 Ptiloprora perstriata perstriata (De Vis) Ptilotis perstriata De Vis, 1898, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1896-97, p. 86 — Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea. Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi Van Oort, 1909, Nova Guinea, Zool., 9, p. 95 — Hellwig Mountains, Oranje Range, central New Guinea. Ptilotis praecipua nigritergum Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 835— Mt. Goliath, Oranje Range, central New Guinea. Upper slopes of Weyland, Nassau, and Oranje Mountains and highest peaks of mountains in Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, Bismarck, and Wharton Ranges in eastern New Guinea. GENUS MELIDECTES SCLATER Melidectes Sclater, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 694. Type, by monotypy, Melidectes torquatus Sclater. Melirrhophetes Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Acad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70, p. 110. Type, by subse- quent designation (Salvadori, 1881, Ornitologia Papu- asia Molucche, 2, p. 320), Melirrhophetes leucostephes Meyer. Melionyx Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 141. Type, by original designation, Acanthochoera fusca De Vis. ef. Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89; dive Agno: wl, pp. 55-56 (belfordi). Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, pp. 659-661 (Saruwaged and Herzog Mountains). Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, pp. 222-226 (southern and southeastern New Guinea). Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 504- 505 (Snow Mountains, New Guinea). Mayr and Gilliard, 1952, Condor, 54, pp. 325-337 (bel- fordt). Junge, 1958, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 20, pp. 69-71 (M. belfordi joiceyt). Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, pp. 367-368 (central New Guinea). Glydenstolpe, 1955, Arkiv Zool., ser. 2, 8, pp. 160-165 (belfordt). Gilliard, 1959, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1937, pp. 1-26 (hybridization). 416 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD MELIDECTES FUSCUS Melidectes fuscus occidentalis Junge Melidectes fuscus occidentalis Junge, 19389, Nova Guinea, new ser., 3, p. 59 — Wichmann Mountains, central New Guinea. Central mountain range of New Guinea, from Nassau and Oranje Mountains east to Hagen and Kubor Mountains. Melidectes fuscus gilliardi Salomonsen Melidectes fuscus gilliardi Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 10 — Mt. Wil- helm, 11,000 ft., Bismarck Range, east-central New Guinea. Bismarck Mountains, eastern New Guinea. Melidectes fuscus fuscus (De Vis) Acanthochoera fusca De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 383 — Mt. Scratchley, Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. MELIDECTES PRINCEPS Melidectes princeps Mayr and Gilliard Melidectes princeps Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 18 — Mt. Wilhelm, Bismarck Range, eastern New Guinea. Hagen, Kubor, and Bismarck Mountains, eastern central New Guinea. MELIDECTES NOUHUYSI Melidectes nouhuysi (Van Oort) Melirrhophetes nouhuysi Van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, p. 215— Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. Oranje Mountains, western central New Guinea. MELIDECTES OCHROMELAS Melidectes ochromelas ochromelas (Meyer) Melirrhophetes ochromelas Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 111 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Tamrau, Arfak, and Wandammen Mountains, western New Guinea. MELIPHAGIDAE A417 Melidectes ochromelas batesi (Sharpe) Melirrhophetes batesi Sharpe, 1886, Nature, 34, p. 340 — Sogeri district, British New Guinea. Melirrhophetes collaris De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 1083 — Mt. Maneao, British New Guinea. Weyland Mountains, Nassau Mountains (southern slope), and mountains of southeastern New Guinea; intermediate between batest and nominate ochromelas in Weyland Moun- tains. Melidectes ochromelas lucifer Mayr Melidectes ochromelas lucifer Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 661 — Ogeramnang, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. MELIDECTES LEUCOSTEPHES! Melidectes leucostephes (Meyer) Melirrhophetes leucostephes Meyer, 1875, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Cl., 70 (1874), p. 110 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula (Arfak, Tamrau), northwestern New Guinea. MELIDECTES BELFORDI Melidectes belfordi rufocrissalis (Reichenow) 2 Melirrhophetes rufocrissalis Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 126— Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, northern New Guinea. Sepik Mountains and central mountain range of New Guinea from eastern Star Mountains and Hindenburg Moun- tains east to Bismarck, Hagen, and Kubor Mountains. Hybridizing with nominate belfordi in Bismarck Range (including Hagen and Kubor Mountains). Melidectes belfordi stresemanni Mayr Melidectes leucostephes stresemanni Mayr, 1931, Mitt. 1 M. leucostephes and belfordi constitute a superspecies. — F. S. 2 The subspecies rufocrissalis, stresemanni, and foersteri form the “foerstert group”, which sometimes is regarded as a separate species (Gilliard, 1959, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1937, pp. 23-24). — F. S. 418 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 713 — Dawong, Herzog Moun- tains, New Guinea. Herzog Mountains, eastern New Guinea. Constitutes a hybrid population between nominate belfordi and the foer- steri group, but is closest to the latter. Melidectes belfordi foersteri (Rothschild and Hartert)! Melirrhophetes foersteri Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 12 — Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Melidectes belfordi joiceyi (Rothschild) 2 Melirrhophetes belfordi joiceyi Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 285 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea. Weyland Mountains, western New Guinea, merging into kinneari in western Nassau Mountains (Wissel Lake region). Melidectes belfordi kinneari Mayr Melidectes belfordi kinneari Mayr, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 42— Utakwa River, southwestern New Guinea. Nassau Mountains and western Oranje Mountains, south- ern New Guinea, east to Lake Habbema and Noord River. Melidectes belfordi griseirostris (Rothschild and Hartert) Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothschild and Har- tert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 34 — Mt. Goliath, eastern Oranje Mountains, southern New Guinea. Mount Goliath, eastern Oranje Mountains, and western Star Mountains, southern New Guinea. Appears to be a stabilized hybrid population between rufocrissalis and kinneari, being closest to the latter. 1 Described while the Check-list was in press: Melidectes rufocris- salis gilliardi Diamond, 1967, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2284, p. 9 — Camp 38, 5,100 ft., Mt. Karimui, Eastern Highlands District, Mandated Territory of New Guinea. — Ed. 2 The subspecies joiceyi, kinneari, griseirostris, and belfordi form the “belfordi group”. — F. S, MELIPHAGIDAE 419 Melidectes belfordi belfordi (De Vis) Melirrhophetes belfordi De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1888-89, p. 60 — Mt. Knutsford, south- eastern New Guinea. Melidectes leucostephes brassi Mayr and Rand, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, p. 247— Mt. Tafa, 2,000 m., southeastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, west to Bismarck, Kubor, and Hagen Mountains, where hybridizing with rufo- crissalis (see that form). MELIDECTES TORQUATUS Melidectes torquatus torquatus Sclater Melidectes torquatus Sclater, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 694, pl. 55 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogel- kop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Melidectes torquatus nuchalis Mayr Melidectes torquatus nuchalis Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869, p. 7—Weyland Mountains, New Guinea. Weyland Mountains and southern slope of Nassau and Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. Melidectes torquatus mixtus Rand Melidectes torquatus mixtus Rand, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1102, p. 14 — Balim River, 1,600 m., north- ern Oranje Mountains, central New Guinea. Upper slopes of central mountain range of New Guinea, from Oranje Mountains (Balim River region) east to Victor Emanuel Mountains. Melidectes torquatus cahni Mertens Melidectes torquatus cahni Mertens, 1923, Sencken- bergiana, 5, p. 229— Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Melidectes torquatus polyphonus Mayr Melidectes torquatus polyphonus Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. 420 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 660 — Dawong, Herzog Mountains, New Guinea. Mountains of interior northeastern New Guinea, from Bismarck range (upper Wahgi region) east to Herzog Moun- tains. Melidectes torquatus emilii Meyer Melidectes Emilii Meyer, 1886, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 3, p. 22, pl. 4, fig. 2—Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea. Melirrhophetes ornatus De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1893-94, p. 103 — Mt. Maneao, British New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. GENUS MELIPOTES SCLATER Melipotes Sclater, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 695. Type, by monotypy, Melipotes gymnops Sclater. ef. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 503- 504 (Snow Mountains, New Guinea). Junge, 1953, Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 20, p. 69 (M. fumigatus goliath). Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, pp. 366-368 (fumigatus) . MELIPOTES GYMNOPS! Melipotes gymnops Sclater Melipotes gymnops Sclater, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 695, pl. 56— Hatam, Arfak Mountains, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea. Mountains of Vogelkop Peninsula (Arfak, Tamrau) and Wandammen Mountains, northwestern New Guinea. MELIPOTES FUMIGATUS Melipotes fumigatus goliathi Rothschild and Hartert Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 34 — Mt. Goliath, Oranje Mountains, southern New Guinea. Melipotes fumigatus anthophilus Stresemann, 1921, Anz. 1 M. gymnops, fumigatus, and ater form a superspecies. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 421 Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1 (5), p. 35 — Hunsteinspitze, upper Sepik Valley, northern New Guinea. Weyland, Cyclops, and Sepik Mountains, and the central mountain range in New Guinea from Nassau Mountains east to Bismarck-Kubor Mountains. Melipotes fumigatus fumigatus Meyer Melipotes fumigatus Meyer, 1886, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 3, p. 22, pl. 4, fig. 1 — Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea. Melipotes maculata De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1890-91, p. 94—- Mt. Suckling, southeastern New Guinea. Melipotes atriceps Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 5, p. 15 — Owen Stanley Mountains, southeastern New Guinea. Melipotes gymnops carpophagus Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 718 — Dawong, Herzog Mountains, eastern New Guinea. Mountains of southeastern New Guinea; in Herzog Moun- tains grading into goliathi. MELIPOTES ATER Melipotes ater Rothschild and Hartert Melipotes ater Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 13— Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. Mountains of Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea. GENUS VOSEA GILLIARD Vosea Gilliard, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2001, p. 1. Type, by original designation, Vosea whitemanensis Gilliard. VOSEA WHITEMANENSIS Vosea whitemanensis Gilliard Vosea whitemanensis Gilliard, 1960, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 2001, p. 2 — Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. 422 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GENUS MYZA MEYER AND WIGLESWORTH Myza Meyer and Wigglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5 (8), p. 11. Type, by monotypy, Myza sarasi- norum Meyer and Wiglesworth. Orodytes Riley, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 34, p. 52. Type, by original designation, Arachnothera ? celebensis Meyer and Wiglesworth. ef. Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 46-50. MYZA CELEBENSIS Myza celebensis celebensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Arachnothera ? celebensis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5 (4), p. 2 — Bone Mountains, Gorontalo, northern Celebes. Mountains of northern and central Celebes. Myza celebensis parvirostris Salomonsen Myza celebensis parvirostris Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 10 — Mt. Tanke Salokko, 2,000 m., Mengkoka Mountains, southeastern Celebes. Mountains of southeastern peninsula of Celebes. Myza celebensis meridionalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Melilestes celebensis meridionalis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6 (1), p. 11 — Bonthain Mountains [= Lampobatang], southern Celebes. Mountains of southern peninsula of Celebes. MYZA SARASINORUM Myza sarasinorum sarasinorum Meyer and Wiglesworth Myza sarasinorum Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 5 (8), p. 11 — Matinan Mountains, northern Celebes. Matinan Mountains, northern peninsula of Celebes. Myza sarasinorum chionogenys Stresemann Myza sarasinorum chionogenys Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 84 — Latimodjong Mountains, south- central Celebes. Latimodjong Mountains, south-central Celebes. MELIPHAGIDAE 423 Myza sarasinorum pholidota Stresemann Myza sarasinorum pholidota Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p. 106 — Mengkoka Mountains, southeast- ern Celebes. Mountains of southeastern peninsula of Celebes. GENUS MELIARCHUS SALVADORI Meliarchus Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 16, p. 75. Type, by monotypy, Philemon sclateri G. R. Gray. MELIARCHUS SCLATERI Meliarchus sclateri (Gray) Philemon Sclateri G. R. Gray, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 5, p. 327 — San Christobal Island, British Solo- mon Islands. San Christobal, Solomon Islands. GENUS GYMNOMYZA REICHENOW Leptomyza Stejneger, 1885, Stand. Nat. Hist., 4, p. 535. Type, by monotypy, Leptornis Aubryanus Verreaux and Des Murs. Not Leptomyza Macquart, 1835 (Insecta). Gymnomyza Reichenow, 1914, Journ. f. Orn., 62, p. 488. Type, by original designation, Leptornis Aubryanus Verreaux and Des Murs. Amoromyza Richmond, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, p. 593. Type, by original designation, Merops samoensis Hombron and Jacquinot. Gummyza Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 93. Type, by original designation, Merops samoensis Hom- bron and Jacquinot. cf. Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 1-8, 12. Mayr, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1269, p. 6. GYMNOMYZA VIRIDIS Gymnomyza viridis viridis (Layard) Tatare ? viridis Layard, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 150 — Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands. Taveuni and Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands. Gymnomyza viridis brunneirostris (Mayr) Amoromyza viridis brunneirostris Mayr, 1932, Amer. 424 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 8— Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands. Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. GYMNOMYZA SAMOENSIS Gymnomyza samoensis (Hombron and Jacquinot) Merops samoensis Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 16, p. 314 — Samoa Is- lands; restricted to Upolu Island by Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 2. Upolu, Savaii, and Tutuila, Samoa Islands. GYMNOMYZA AUBRYANA Gymnomyza aubryana (Verreaux and Des Murs) Leptornis Aubryanus Verreaux and Des Murs, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], ser. 2, 12, p. 482 — New Caledonia. New Caledonia. GENUS MOHO LESSON Moho Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 302. Type, by mono- typy, Merops fasciculatus Latham =Gracula nobilis Merrem. Agrulocercus Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13, p. 327. Type, by original designation, Merops niger Gmelin = Gracula nobilis Merrem. Mohohina Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 93. Type, by original designation, Acrulocercus bishopi Rothschild. Pseudomoho Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 98. Type, by original designation, Mohoa braccata Cassin. Mohornis Mathews, 1930, Systema Avium Australasia- narum, p. 800. Type, by original designation, Moho apicalis Gould. MOHO BRACCATUS Moho braccatus (Cassin) Mohoa braccata Cassin, 1855, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, 7, p. 440 — Sandwich Islands [= Kauai Island]. Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. 1 Mathews quotes as first reference for this genus, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 98, but Mohornis is not mentioned there. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 425 MOHO BISHOPI Moho bishopi (Rothschild) Acrulocercus bishopi Rothschild, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 1, p. 41 — Molokai Island. Molokai, Hawaiian Islands. Probably extinct; last record from 1904. MOHO APICALIS Moho apicalis Gould Moho apicalis Gould, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 381 — Owhyhee [= Oahu Island]. Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Extinct since 1837. MOHO NOBILIS Moho nobilis (Merrem) Gracula nobilis Merrem, 1786, Avium Rar. Icones et Descript., 1, fasc. 1, p. 7, pl. 2— Insulae Sanduicenses [= Island of Hawaii]. Island of Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Probably extinct; last record from 1934. GENUS CHAETOPTILA SCLATER Chaetoptila Sclater, 1871, Ibis, p. 358. Type, by original designation, E'ntomiza? angustipluma Peale. CHAETOPTILA ANGUSTIPLUMA Chaetoptila angustipluma (Peale) Entomiza? angustipluma Peale, 1848, U. S. Exploring Exped., ed. 1, 8, p. 147 — Hawaii. Island of Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Extinct since 1840. GENUS PHYLIDONYRIS LESSON Meliphaga Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 311. Type, by original designation, Cer- thia novaeHollandiae Latham. Not Meliphaga Lewin, 1808 (Meliphagidae). Phylidonyris Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 298. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 24), Certhia australasiana Shaw = Certhia pyrrhoptera Latham. 426 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Gliciphila Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 326. Type, by monotypy, Certhia fulvifrons Lewin = Certhia mela- nops Latham. Emended to Glyciphila. Meliornis G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 15: Type, by original designation, Certhia novaeHollandiae Latham. Purnella Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 111. Type, by original designation, Glyciphila albifrons Gould. Purnellornis Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 112. Type, by original designation, Certhia nigra Bechstein. Glycifohia Mathews, 1929 (Oct.), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 11. Type, by original designation, Glyciphila no- tabilis Sharpe. cf. Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 5-30. Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, pp. 12-15 (notabilis) . Serventy and Whittell, 1962, Birds Western Australia, ed. 3, pp. 377-382. PHYLIDONYRIS PYRRHOPTERA Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera pyrrhoptera (Latham) Certhia pyrrhoptera Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 88 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales, cf. Sharpe, 1906, Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., 2, p. 129]. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera mixta Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 38 — Victoria. Eastern New South Wales, north to Newcastle area; southern Victoria. Partly nomadic in winter. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera indistincta (Mathews) Meliornis pyrrhoptera indistincta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 414 — Mt. Lofty, South Australia. Mt. Lofty region, South Australia; local in coastal districts of southeastern South Australia. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera halmaturina (Campbell) Meliornis (Lichmera) australasiana subsp. halmaturina Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 140 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. MELIPHAGIDAE 427 Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera rex Mathews Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera rex Mathews, 1925, Birds Aus- tralia, 12, p. 7 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island and Furneaux Group (Flinders Island), in Bass Strait.? Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera inornata (Gould) Meliphaga inornata Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, app., p. 5; also, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 152 — Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania]. Tasmania. PHYLIDONYRIS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE Phylidonyris novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Latham) Certhia novaeHollandiae Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 296 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Based on ‘‘New Holland Creeper”? White, 1790, Journ. Voy. New South Wales. Certhia varia Forster, 1794, Magaz. Merkwiird. Neuen Reise Beschreib., 5, p. 129 — Sydney, New South Wales. Same basis as Certhia novaeHollandiae Latham, 1790. Cf. Mathews, 1943, Australian Zoologist, 10, p. 164. Meliornis novaehollandiae assimilis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 415 — Olinda, Victoria. Meliornis novaehollandiae subassimilis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 415— Mt. Lofty, South Australia. Meliornis novaehollandiae queenslandicus Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 38 — Queensland. Meliornis novaehollandiae myponga Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 16 — Myponga, South Australia. Southeastern corner of Queensland (McPherson Range), eastern New South Wales, southern Victoria, southeastern South Australia north to southern Flinders Ranges and west to Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae campbelli (Mathews) Meliornis novaehollandiae halmaturina Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 140 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Not Meliornis (Lichmera) australasiana halmaturina 1 Subspecies on Flinders Island uncertain; single individual ex- amined appeared nearest to inornata.—F. S. 428 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Campbell, 1906=Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera halma- turina. Meliornis novaehollandiae campbelli Mathews, 1928, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 38 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae caudata Salomonsen Phylidonyris novaehollandiae caudata Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 11 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island and Furneaux Group (Flinders Island), Bass Strait. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae canescens (Latham) Sylvia canescens Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 2, p. 553 — Terra Van Diemen N. Hollandiae [=Tasmania, cf. Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 100; and Stresemann, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 71]. Meliornis diemenensis Mathews, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25, p. 100 — Tasmania. Tasmania. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae longirostris (Gould) Meliphaga longirostris Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 14, p. 83— Western Australia [=Swan River, Western Australia]. Meliornis novaehollandiae intermedius Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 38 — Stirling Ranges, West- ern Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, north to Dandarragan (near Moora), east to Lake Grace and along coast to Israelite Bay, including some of islands in Archipelago of the Recherche. PHYLIDONYRIS NIGRA Phylidonyris nigra nigra (Bechstein) Certhia nigra Bechstein, 1811, Kurze Uebersicht aller bekannten Vogel, p. 196 — Neuholland [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Based on “L’Héorotaire noir’ Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, pl. 71. Melithreptus ater Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 327 — Nouvelle Hollande; restricted to New South Wales by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 MELIPHAGIDAE 429 (1911), p. 415. Same basis as Certhia nigra Bechstein, 1811. Meliphaga sericea Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 16; also, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4 (1836), p. 144 — New South Wales. Meliornis nigra herbertoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 415 — Herberton Range, northern Queens- land. Coastal areas of eastern Queensland and New South Wales, north to Cairns district and south to Ulladulla. Phylidonyris nigra gouldii (Schlegel) Meliphaga mystacalis Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 8 (1840), p. 161 — Western Australia; restricted to Perth by Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 25. Not Meliphaga mystacalis Temminck and Laugier,! 1825 = Rhabdornis mystacalis (Rhabdornithidae). Meliphaga gouldii Schlegel, 1872, De Dierentuin, p. 125. New name for Meliphaga mystacalis Gould, preoccu- pied. Meliornis nigra dulciet Mathews, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 96 — Albany, Western Australia. Meliornis nigra inexpectata Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 416—Stirling Ranges, southwestern Western Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, north along a narrow coastal strip to Murchison River and east along narrow strip of southern coast to Israelite Bay. PHYLIDONYRIS ALBIFRONS Phylidonyris albifrons (Gould) Glyciphila albifrons Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 160 — Western Australia [= York District, southern Western Australia]. Gliciphila albifrons incerta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 399 — Carina, Victoria. Gliciphila albifrons lavertoni Mathews, 1924, Birds Aus- tralia, 11, p. 359 — Laverton, southern Western Aus- tralia. Interior arid Australia, including western New South 1 See footnote, p. 173, for comment on authorship of names proposed in Temminck, 1820-39, Pl. Col. — Ed. 430 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Wales, northwestern Victoria, southern Northern Territory north to Barrow Creek, greater part of South Australia (except Kangaroo Island and southeastern coast west to about Adelaide), greater part of Western Australia (except eastern deserts), north to Derby in Kimberley Division, south to southern border of semiarid zone (roughly a line through Geraldton—Moora—Lake Grace—Israelite Bay), oc- casionally straggling to coast of New South Wales, south- eastern South Australia and southwestern Western Austra- lia, and to interior Queensland where probably breeding in southwestern corner of state. Nomadic to some extent. PHYLIDONYRIS MELANOPS Phylidonyris melanops melanops (Latham) Certhia melanops Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 36 — Nova Wallia Australi [= New South Wales]. Gliciphila melanops chandleri Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 399 — Frankston, Victoria. Gliciphila melanops westernensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 399 — Wilson Inlet, southern West- ern Australia. Coastal New South Wales (also locally in southwestern mallee), greater part of Victoria but mainly coastal, south- eastern South Australia north to Murray River, Adelaide, Yorke Peninsula, and southern Eyre Peninsula; further, southwestern Western Australia north to Wongan Hills and on coast to mouth of Murchison River. Phylidonyris melanops braba (Mathews) Ghciphila melanops braba Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 49 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Doubtfully distinct from nominate melanops. Phylidonyris melanops crassirostris (Mathews) Glhiciphila melanops crassirostris Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 399 — Tasmania. Tasmania, and King Island and Furneaux Group (Flin- ders Island) in Bass Strait. PHYLIDONYRIS UNDULATA Phylidonyris undulata (Sparrman) Certhia undulata Sparrman, 1787, Mus. Carlsonianum, pt. 1, fase. 2, pl. 34 — no locality [= New Caledonia]. MELIPHAGIDAE 431 Certhia fusca Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 472 — South Sea [=New Caledonia]. Based on “Brown Creeper, from the South Seas” Latham, 1782, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (2), p. 732. Cf. Wiglesworth, 1892, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 3 (1890-91), no. 6, p. 33; and Stresemann, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 83. New Caledonia. PHYLIDONYRIS NOTABILIS Phylidonyris notabilis notabilis (Sharpe) Glyciphila notabilis Sharpe, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 10, p. 29; also, 1900, Ibis, p. 365 — Vanua Lava, Banks Islands. Glycifohia gonada Mathews, 1929, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 11. New name for Glyciphila notabilis Sharpe, 1899, not Stigmatops notabilis Finsch, 1898.1 Vanua Lava and Ureparapara [= Bligh], Banks Islands, and Aoba and Santo, northwestern New Hebrides. Phylidonyris notabilis superciliaris (Mayr) Guadalcanaria notabilis superciliaris Mayr, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 516, p. 15 — Epi Island, New Hebrides. Aurora, Pentecost, Malekula, Ambrym, Pauuma, and Epi Islands, northern New Hebrides. GENUS RAMSAYORNIS MATHEWS Ramsayornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Gliciphila sub- fasciata Ramsay = Glyciphila modesta G. R. Gray. Ryanornis Campbell, 1919, Emu, 18, p. 186. Type, by monotypy, Glyciphila fasciata Gould. ef. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 356-358. RAMSAYORNIS FASCIATUS Ramsayornis fasciatus fasciatus (Gould) Glyciphila fasciata Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 137 — Port Essington, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Glycyphila gouldi Layard, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 655. New name for Glyciphila fasciata Gould, 1843. 1 According to the present rules of nomenclature these two names cannot be regarded as homonyms. — F. S. 432 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Gliciphila fasciata inkermani Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 400 — Inkerman, northern Queensland. Coastal Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia, south to Rockhampton. Ramsayornis fasciatus apsleyi (Mathews) Gliciphila fasciata apsleyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 49 — Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Melville Island, Northern Territory, and on adjacent mainland, where grading into nominate fasciatus. Ramsayornis fasciatus broomei (Mathews) Gliciphila fasciata broomei Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 49 — Napier Broome Bay, Kimberley Divi- sion, northeastern Western Australia. Coastal Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Lennard River. RAMSAYORNIS MODESTUS Ramsayornis modestus (Gray) Glyciphila modesta G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 174 — Aru Islands. Gliciphila subfasciata Ramsay, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 885 — Cape York. Gliciphila modesta ramsayi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 400 — Cairns, northern Queensland. Waigeu, Batanta, and Salawati, western Papuan Islands, coastal and riverine lowland of Vogelkop Peninsula and entire southern New Guinea east to Milne Bay, D’Entre- casteaux Archipelago (Goodenough and Fergusson Islands), Aru Islands, islands in Torres Strait, Cape York Peninsula and coastal zone of northeastern Queensland south to Inkerman. GENUS PLECTORHYNCHA GOULD Plectorhyncha Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, pl. 70; also, 1888 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 5 (1837), p. 1538. Type, by monotypy, Plecto- rhyncha lanceolata Gould. Emended to Plectrorhynchus. Plectorhamphus G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 16. Type, by monotypy, Plectorhyncha lanceolata MELIPHAGIDAE 433 Gould. New name for Plectorhyncha Gould, 1838. Not Plectorhinchus Lacepéde, 1802 (Pisces). PLECTORHYNCHA LANCEOLATA Plectorhyncha lanceolata Gould Plectorhyncha lanceolata Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 70; also, 1888 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 153 — New South Wales. Plectorhyncha lanceolata neglecta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 395 — Adelaide, South Australia. Plectorhamphus lanceolatus gabrielae Mathews and Neu- mann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 155 — Pent- land, northern Queensland. Plectorhamphus lanceolatus queenslandicus Mathews, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 156 — Talwood, south-central Queensland. Semiarid and subhumid eastern Queensland, north to Kir- rama Tableland (west of Rockingham Bay), breeding only west of Great Dividing Range south to Rockhampton where approaching coast; northern (except extreme northwest- ern), central, and southwestern New South Wales, breeding locally to coast from Queensland border south to Newcastle area, where range turns abruptly westward; northwestern Victoria, southeastern South Australia west to Yorke Pen- insula. Nomadic in off-season to some extent, occasionally straggling to southeastern New South Wales, and has been recorded from Lake Frome, east-central South Australia. GENUS CONOPOPHILA REICHENBACH Entomophila Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, pl. 71; also 1888 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 154. Type, by monotypy, E’'ntomo- phila picta Gould. Not Entomophila Horsfield, 1822 (Alcedinidae). Conopophila Reichenbach, 1852, Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, abth. 2, continuatio no. IX (Mero- pinae), p. 119. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 24), Entomo- phila ? albogularis Gould. Lacustroica North, 1910, Victorian Nat., 26, p. 1388. Type, by monotypy, Lacustroica whitei North. 434 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Grantiella Mathews, 1911, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 19. New name for Entomophila Gould, preoccupied. ef. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 376-395. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 358-359 (albogularis) . CONOPOPHILA WHITEI Conopophila whitei (North) Lacustroica whitei North, 1910, Victorian Nat., 26, p. 188 — Lake Way, East Murchison, Western Australia. Lacustroica inconspicua North, 1910, Victorian Nat., 26, p. 1389. Alternative name for Lacustroica whitei North. Lacustroica whitei neglecta Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 62 — Day Dawn, Western Australia. Middle Western Australia, north to Minilya River and upper Ashburton River, south to Geraldton and Mingenew, east to southern arid parts of Northern Territory, where recorded from James Ranges and Tanami. CONOPOPHILA ALBOGULARIS Conopophila albogularis albogularis (Gould) Entomophila ? albogularis Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 187 — Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia. Emended to albigularis. Certhionyx albogularis yorki Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 49-— Cape York, northern Queens- land. Conopophila albogularis melvillensis Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, p. 389 — Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Coastal Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland, and Northern Territory, including Melville Island. Conopophila albogularis mimikae Mathews Conopophila albogularis mimikae Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, p. 890 — Mimika River, southwestern New Guinea. Aru Islands and coastal southern New Guinea from Triton Bay to Port Moresby district; also Sorong, Vogelkop Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea, and lower Sepik River, northern New Guinea. Doubtfully distinct from nominate albogularis. MELIPHAGIDAE 435 CONOPOPHILA RUFOGULARIS Conopophila rufogularis rufogularis (Gould) Entomophila ? rufogularis Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 10 (1842), p. 138 — north coast of Australia; restricted to Derby, Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, by Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Recs) p. 49: Certhionyx rufogularis keatsi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 49 — Point Keats, Northern Territory, Australia. Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, south to Broome (Roebuck Bay) and Fitzroy River, and northern Northern Territory, south to Banka Banka and Brunette Downs, grading into queenslandica in eastern range. Conopophila rufogularis queenslandica (Mathews) Certhionyx rufogularis queenslandicus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 401 — Inkerman, northern Queensland. Northern Queensland south to Mt. Isa and Cloncurry and on east coast occasionally as far south as Noosa district (about 50 miles south of Maryborough). Nomadic or erratic to some extent. CONOPOPHILA PICTA Conopophila picta (Gould) Entomophila picta Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 71; also 1838 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1887), p. 154 — New South Wales. Entomophila borealis White, 1914, Emu, 13, p. 187 — McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia. Grantiella picta cloncurri Mathews, 1915, Austra] Avian Rec., 2, p. 188 — Cloncurry, northwestern Queensland. Eastern Australia, mainly inland, ranging through greater part of Victoria and New South Wales (but erratic in oc- currence), north through Queensland to Cairns district and head of Gulf of Carpentaria, and west to northeastern Northern Territory (McArthur River, Arnhem Land). Migratory in southern range; highly nomadic. GENUS XANTHOMYZA SWAINSON Zanthomiza Swainson, 1837, Classification of Birds, 2, p. 326. Type, by monotypy, Merops phrygius Shaw. 436 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Emended to Zanthomyza, Xanthomiza, and Xantho- myZza.2 Meliphaga G. R. Gray, 1841, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 20. Type, by original designation, Merops phrygius Shaw. Not Meliphaga Lewin, 1808. XANTHOMYZA PHRYGIA Xanthomyza phrygia (Shaw) Merops phrygius Shaw, 1794, Zool. New Holland, p. 138, pl. 4 — Sydney, New South Wales. Meliphaga phrygia tregellasi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 402 — Mulgrave, Victoria. Southeastern Queensland, locally north to Dalby and Rockhampton; eastern New South Wales and greater part of Victoria, but erratic in occurrence; southeastern South Australia, from Naracoorte north to southern Flinders Ranges (Wilmington); accidental on Kangaroo Island. Strongly nomadic, and to some extent migratory in southern range. GENUS CISSOMELA BONAPARTE Cissomela Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, pp. 260, 264. Type, by original designation, Cissomela nigra Bonaparte=Myzomela vpectoralis Gould. CISSOMELA PECTORALIS Cissomela pectoralis (Gould) Myzomela pectoralis Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 170 — northwestern coast of Australia. Cissomela nigra Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 265 — Australia. Myzomela pectoralis incerta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 396 — Cape York, northern Queensland. 1 The emendations are due to Swainson’s faulty orthography, which in other of his generic names has given rise to amendments accepted by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Opinions 26 and 61). In the present case, Xanthomyza is the correct translitera- tion, and the Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature has applied to the Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomenclat. to use its plenary powers to place this generic name, so emended, on the Official List of Generic Names. Cf. 1960, Proc. XII Intern. Ornith. Cong., Helsinki, 1958, 1, p. 34. F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE A437 Northern Australia, from Pilbara Goldfield and Ash- burton River in middle Western Australia through Northern Territory to Mt. Isa and Cardwell in northern Queensland, ranging from coast inland to boundary of arid zone. Highly nomadic. GENUS ACANTHORHYNCHUS GOULD Acanthorhynchus Gould, 18387 (April), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 2, pl. 27; also 1887 (Nov.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 24. Type, by original designa- tion (in the latter publication), Certhia tenutrostris Latham. cf. Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, 11, pp. 335-348. ACANTHORHYNCHUS TENUIROSTRIS! Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis Mathews Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 897— Cairns, northern Queensland. Eastern Queensland, from Cooktown south to about Bundaberg. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris trochiloides Salomonsen Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris trochiloides Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p- 11— Bunya Mountains, 2,000 ft., southeastern Queensland. Southeastern Queensland (Bunya Mountains), grading into nominate tenuirostris at New South Wales boundary (Warwick-Wallangarra). Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris tenuirostris (Latham) Certhia tenuirostris Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 86 — Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales]. Certhia cucullata Vieillot (ex Shaw MS), 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, p. 121, pl. 60 — Nouvelle-Hollande [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Certhia suffuscula Bechstein, 1811, Kurze Uebersicht aller bekannten Vo6gel, p. 195 — “Stidindien” [error = Syd- ney, New South Wales]. Based on “L’Héorotaire a collier blanc” Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, pl. 56. 1 A. tenuirostris and superciliosus form a superspecies. — F. S. 438 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Melithreptus collaris Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 14, p. 324 — Terres Australes; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews, 1924, Birds Australia, suppl. no. 3, p. 188. Same basis as Certhia suffuscula Bechstein. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris victoriae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 398 — Olinda, Victoria. Eastern New South Wales, west to Moree-Bathurst-Al- bury; eastern and southern Victoria, southeastern South Australia (Naracoorte, Robe). Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris loftyi Mathews Acanthorhynchus tenwrostris loftyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 398— Mt. Lofty, South Australia. Adelaide Plains, Mt. Lofty region and southern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris halmaturinus Campbell Acanthorhynchus halmaturina Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5, p. 142 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris regius Salomonsen Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris regius Salomonsen, 1966, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, no. 254, p. 11 — King Island, Bass Strait. King Island and Furneaux Group (Flinders Island; subsp.?), Bass Strait, Australia. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris dubius Gould Acanthorhynchus dubius Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 2, pl. 27, fig. 3 — Tasmania. Tasmania. ACANTHORHYNCHUS SUPERCILIOSUS Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Gould Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 2, pl. 27, fig. 1—- Van Diemen’s Land [error = Perth, Western Australia]. Acanthorhynchus superciliosus wilsont Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 398 — Wilson Inlet, southern Western Australia. Acanthorhynchus superciliosus stirlingt Mathews, 1924, MELIPHAGIDAE 439 Birds Australia, 11, p. 348 — Stirling Range, southern Western Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, north to Moora, east to Stirling Range, and narrowly along south coast to Israelite Bay. GENUS MANORINA VIEILLOT Manorina Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 19, p. 236. Type, by original designation, Manorina viri- dis Vieillot = Turdus melanophrys Latham. Emended to Manorhina and Manorrhina.1 Myzantha Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 318. Type, by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel Orn., 2, p. 67), Merops garrulus Latham = Gracula melanocephala Latham. Not My- zantha Lesson, 1830 (Meliphagidae). Philanthus Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 402. Type, by subsequent designation (Mathews, 1921, Austral Avian Rec., 4, p. 187), Merops albifrons Latham = Gracula melanocephala Latham. Not Philanthus Fabricius, 1791 (Coleoptera). ef. Ashby, 1922, Emu, 21, pp. 252-256 (M. flavigula ob- scura). Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 38-59. Condon, 1951, South Australian Orn., 20, p. 62 (flavi- gula). Serventy, 1953, Emu, 53, pp. 131-145 (speciation). Brown and Wilson, 1956, Syst. Zool., 5, pp. 52-54 (char- acter displacement in flavigula, melanotis, and me- lanocephala) . MANORINA MELANOPHRYS Manorina melanophrys (Latham) Turdus melanophrys Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 42 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Merops ? eupogon Lichtenstein (ex Illiger MS), 1818, Verz. ausgest. Saugethiere Vogel, Zool. Mus. Berlin, p. 10. New name for Turdus melanophrys Latham. 1 The emendations, which represent more correct transliterations and which are widely used, cannot be accepted because Vieillot con- tinued to use the spelling Manorina in subsequent publications, e.g., 1825, Galerie des Oiseaux, p. 241, pl. 149.—F. S. 440 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cossyphus olivaceus Dumont, 1823, Dict. Sci. Nat. (Levrault), 29, p. 268 — Timor [error = Sydney, New South Wales]. Manorina melanophrys yarra Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 416 — Beaconsfield, Victoria. Manorina melanophrys tweedi Mathews, 1925, Birds Aus- tralia, 12, p. 33 — Tweed River, New South Wales. Southeastern Australia, east of Great Dividing Range, north to Mary River, southeastern Queensland, south to Melbourne area, southern Victoria, occasionally farther west along south coast of Victoria. MANORINA MELANOCEPHALA Manorina melanocephala melanocephala (Latham) Gracula melanocephala Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 28 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Merops cucullatus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 33 — Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales]. Merops garrulus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 34 — Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales]. Merops albifrons Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 35 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Turdus varius Vieillot, 18038, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., ed. 1, 14, p. 378 — Nouvelle-Hollande [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Philemon naevius Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 27, p. 428 — Nouvelle-Hollande [=Sydney, New South Wales]. Cf., also, Pucheran, 1855, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7, p. 350. Myzantha melanocephala whitei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417 — South Australia. Myzantha melanocephala leachi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417 — Tasmania. New South Wales (except northwest), greater part of Victoria, southeastern South Australia north to a line Morgan-Burra-Jamestown-Melrose (but very scarce in mallee areas; recorded, e.g., from Karoonda and Alawoona), west to Spencer Gulf; Tasmania; not occurring on Kangaroo Island and on islands in Bass Strait. Manorina melanocephala crassirostris (Mathews) Myzantha melanocephala crassirostris Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417— Cairns, northern Queensland. MELIPHAGIDAE 441 Eastern Queensland, north to Cooktown. Recently intro- duced (probably this subspecies) to Three Sisters Islands [= Olu Malau], north of San Christobal, Solomon Islands. MANORINA FLAVIGULA Manorina flavigula obscura (Gould)? Myzantha obscura Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 8 (1840), p. 159 — Western Australia [= Perth, southern Western Australia]. Restricted to coast of Perth district, southern Western Australia, south to about Pinjarra. Manorina flavigula clelandi (Mathews) Myzantha flavigula clelandi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 418— Broome Hill, southern Western Australia. Myzantha obscura ortoni Ashby, 1922, Emu, 21, p. 254 — Moora, southern Western Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, ranging in broad zone from King George Sound north to Northam-Kellerberrin, avoiding heavily forested jarrah regions of southwestern- most part of state, grading into lutea in adjacent areas to north (Moora) and to east (Esperance Bay) of its range. Manorina flavigula lutea (Gould)? Myzantha lutea Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 7 (1839), p. 144—northwestern coast of Australia; restricted to Derby, Kimberley Division, northern Western Australia, by Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417. Cf., also, de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 109, p. 229; and Mees, 1961, Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 44, p. 112. Myzantha flavigula wayensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 418 — Lake Way, Western Australia. Arid and semiarid areas of Western Australia, north to King Leopold Ranges in West Kimberley Division, south to about Moora-Merredin-Pallinup River and ranging east onto Nullarbor Plain; grading into clelandi in belt from Moora to Esperance Bay. 1 The subspecies obscura and clelandi form the “obscura group”.— 135 Se 2 The subspecies lutea, casuarina, alligator, melvillensis, pallida, and flavigula form the “flavigula group”. — F. S. 442 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Manorina flavigula casuarina (Mathews) Myzantha flavigula casuarina Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 100 — Mt. Casuarina, northern West- ern Australia. Northern, subhumid areas of Kimberley Division, north- ern Western Australia. Manorina flavigula alligator (Mathews) Myzantha flavigula alligator Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 418 — Alligator River,! Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Northern, humid and subhumid areas of Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Manorina flavigula melvillensis (Mathews) Myzantha flavigula melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 51 — Melville Island, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Melville Island, Northern Territory. Manorina flavigula pallida (Mathews) Myzantha flavigula pallida Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 91— Tietkens Creek, Musgrave Ranges, central Australia. Musgrave Ranges and Macdonnell Ranges in central Aus- tralia; probably this form ranging north in semiarid zone of Northern Territory. Manorina flavigula flavigula (Gould) Myzantha flavigula Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 7 (1839), p. 143 — Namoi River, New South Wales. Myzantha flavigula berneyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 417—Richmond district, northern Queensland. Interior, arid and semiarid parts of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, generally west of Great Dividing Range; eastern and southern parts of South Australia, south to Murray Mallee, southern Flinders Ranges, Adelaide Plains (recorded from Virginia), Yorke and Eyre Pen- insulas, ranging west on Nullarbor Plain into Western Australia. Probably from northwestern Queensland ranging west into semiarid zone of Northern Territory, where meet- ing pallida, but no material has been collected in this area. 1 The type specimen is labelled South Alligator River. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 443 MANORINA MELANOTIS Manorina melanotis (Wilson) Myzantha melanotis Wilson, 1911, Emu, 11, p. 124 — Mallee, Victoria. Myzantha flavigula wilsont Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 51 — Turner’s Well, South Australia. Myzantha obscura perplexa Mathews, 1925, Birds Aus- tralia, 12, p. 50 — Linga, Victoria. Restricted to Murray Mallee in extreme southwestern New South Wales (rare), northwestern Victoria, and east- ern South Austrailia. GENUS ANTHORNIS GRAY Anthomiza Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 326. Type, by original designation, Anthomiza caeruleocephala Swainson = Certhia melanura Sparrman. Not Antho- myza Fallen, 1810 (Diptera) .1 Anthornis G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 15. Type, by original designation, Certhia melanura Sparr- mann. ANTHORNIS MELANURA Anthornis melanura obscura Falla Anthornis melanura obscura Falla, 1948, Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus., 3, p. 337—Three Kings Islands, New Zealand. Three Kings Islands, New Zealand. Anthornis melanura dumerilii (Lesson and Garnot) Philedon dumerilii Lesson and Garnot, 1828, Voy. Co- quille, Zool., 1, atlas, livr. 6, pl. 21, fig. 1; and 1829, livr. 9, p. 416, footnote; and 1830, livr. 14, p. 644 — Nouvelle- Zélande [= Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand]. North Island, New Zealand, including outlying islands: The Poor Knights, Hen [= Taranga], Chickens [= Morotiri], Great and Little Barrier Island, locally on Cavalli Islands and Fanal Island [Mokohinau group], also Alderman Islands, Mayor Island, and Kapiti Island. 1 According to Art. 58(9) of the Intern. Code Zool. Nomencl., 1961, two species-group names differing only in the transcription of the Greek letter upsilon (as 7 or y) are considered homonyms. Moreover, Anthomiza must be considered a forgotten name (Art. 23b), not having been used for well over 50 years. — F. S. 444 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Anthornis melanura melanura (Sparrman) Certhia melanura Sparrman, 1786, Mus. Carlsonianum, fasc. 1, no. 5— Promontorium Bonae Spei [error = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand]. South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Anthornis melanura incoronata Bangs Anthornis incoronata Bangs, 1911, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash- ington, 24, p. 23 — Auckland Islands. Auckland Islands. Anthornis melanura melanocephala Gray Anthornis melanocephala G. R. Gray, 1848, in Dieffen- bach’s Travels New Zealand, 2, p. 188— Chatham Islands. Chatham Islands. Extinct since about 1906. GENUS ANTHOCHAERA VIGORS AND HORSFIELD Anthochaera Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, 15, p. 320. Type, by subsequent designation (Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 262), Certhia mellivora Latham = Merops chrysopterus Latham. Acanthogenys Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Aus- tralia, pt. 4, pl. 69; also, 1838 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 5 (1837), p. 146. Type, by monotypy, Acan- thogenys rufogularis Gould. Anellobia Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 120. Type, by monotypy, Certhia mellivora Latham = Merops chrysop- terus Latham. Acanthochaera Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 9, p. 262. An invalid emendation of Anthochaera Vigors and Horsfield. Coleia Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 116. Type, by original designation, Merops carunculata Latham = Merops carunculata White. Not Coleia Broderip, 1837. Dyottornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 116. Type, by original designation, Corvus paradoxus Daudin. Colena Mathews, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 52, p. 25. New name for Coleia Mathews, preoccupied: cf. Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 60-95. MELIPHAGIDAE 445 Serventy and Whittell, 1962, Birds Western Australia, ed. 3, pp. 383-385. ANTHOCHAERA RUFOGULARIS Anthochaera rufogularis (Gould) Acanthagenys rufogularis Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, pl. 69; also, 1838 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (1837), p. 153— New South Wales. Anthochaera rodorhyncha Cotton, 1848, Tasmanian Journ. Nat. Sci., 3, p. 362 — Goulburn River, Victoria. Acanthogenys flavacanthus Campbell, 1900, Victorian Nat., 16 (1899), p. 3 — North-West Cape, mid-western Australia. Acanthagenys rufogularis cygnus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 420 — Swan Island, Victoria. Acanthagenys rufogularis territori Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 420 — Alexandra, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. Acanthagenys rufogularis wei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 421—-Lake Way, Western Aus- tralia. Acanthagenys rufogularis queenslandicus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 421 — northern Queensland. Acanthogenys rufogularis woolundra Mathews, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 76 — Woolundra, southern Western Australia. Acanthagenys rufogularis augusta Mathews, 1923, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 5, p. 39 — Port Augusta, South Aus- tralia. Interior Australia generally; Northern Territory north to Newcastle Waters and Queensland north to Richmond; in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria usually west of Great Dividing Range, but approaching coast in Rockhampton-Bundaberg area of southern Queensland, and reaching coast in southern Victoria from Port Phillip Bay west to state boundary; greater part of South Australia, except Mt. Lofty region; one sight-record from Kangaroo Island; southern parts of Western Australia, north to Fortescu River, Hamersley Range, and Barrow Island, south to a line Dongara-Moora-Broome Hill-Bremer Bay. 446 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ANTHOCHAERA CHRYSOPTERA Anthochaera chrysoptera chrysoptera (Latham)! Merops chrysopterus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. 33 — Nova Hollandia [= Sydney, New South Wales]. Certhia Goruck Bechstein, 1811, Kurze Uebersicht aller bekannten Vogel, p. 198 — Neu Wallis [= New South Wales]. Based on “Le Go-ruck”’ Vieillot, 1802, Oiseaux Dorés, 2, pl. 88. Anellobia chrysoptera intermedia Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 419 — Adelaide, South Australia. Coastal Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and southeastern South Australia, north to Rockhampton, and west in South Australia to Adelaide area and Yorke Pen- insula. Anthochaera chrysoptera halmaturina (Mathews) Anellobia chrysoptera halmaturina Mathews, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 101 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Anthochaera chrysoptera tasmanica (Mathews) Anellobia chrysoptera tasmanica Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 420 — Tasmania. Tasmania. Anthochaera chrysoptera lunulata Gould? Anthochaera lunulata Gould, 1838 (April), Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4, app., p. 5; also, 1838 (Dec.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5 (18387), p. 153 — Swan River, southern Western Australia. Anthochaera chrysoptera albani Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 39 — Albany, southern Western Aus- tralia. Coastal southwestern Western Australia, north on west coast to Geraldton and east on south coast to Israelite Bay. ANTHOCHAERA CARUNCULATA? Anthochaera carunculata carunculata (White) Merops carunculata White, 1790 (before Aug.), Journ. 1 The subspecies chrysoptera, halmaturina, and tasmanica form the “chrysoptera group”. — F. S. 2 The subspecies lunulata forms the “lunulata group”. — F. S. 3 A. carunculata and paradoxa form a superspecies. — F. S. MELIPHAGIDAE 447 Voy. New South Wales, ed. 1, p. 240—New South Wales. Cf. Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 64- 65. Merops carunculata Latham, 1790 (Dec.), Index Orn., 1, p. 276—Nova Hollandia [=Sydney, New South Wales]. Mimus carunculatus Buller, 1865, Essay New Zealand Orn., p. 10 — New Zealand (accidental). Cf. Finsch, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 342. Anthochaera bulleri Finsch, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, pp. 307, 342. New name for Mimus carunculatus Buller. Anthochaera carunculata tregellasi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 419 — Frankston, Victoria. Coleia carunculata clelandi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 88 — Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Southeastern corner of Queensland (MacPherson Range, Warwick), eastern and extreme southwestern New South Wales, greater part of Victoria, southeastern South Aus- tralia west to Eyre Peninsula; also Kangaroo Island. Acci- dental in New Zealand (two records). Anthochaera carunculata woodwardi Mathews Anthochaera carunculata woodwardi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911), p. 419 — Western Australia. Anthochaera carunculata perthi Mathews, 19238, Austral Avian Rec., 5, p. 38 — Perth, Western Australia. Southwestern Western Australia, north on west coast to Murchison River and east on south coast on Nullarbor Plain ranging almost to state border; also Middle Island, Archi- pelago of the Recherche. Highly migratory and probably only winter visitor in outer (i.e., northern and eastern) parts of range. ANTHOCHAERA PARADOXA Corvus paradoxus Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 246, pl. 16 — Nouvelle Zélande [error = South Tasmania. Cf. Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 84]. Creadion carunculatus Vieillot, 1823, Galerie Oiseaux, 1, pl. 94. Based on same specimen (coll. Labillardiére) as Corvus paradoxus Daudin. Not Merops carunculata White, 1790; cf., also, Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 84. 1 The type specimen is labelled Broome Hill. —F. S. 448 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Creadion novaeHollandiae Stephens, 1826, in Shaw, Gen- eral Zool., 14, p. 265—New Holland [error = Tas- mania]. Antochaera carunculata Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 321 —no locality [= Tasmania]. Creadion pedunculatus Voigt, 1831, Das Thierreich, von Baron von Cuvier, 1, p. 497 — Neuseeland [error = Tasmania]. Anthochaera inauris Gould, 1844, Birds Australia, 4, pl. 54 — southern Tasmania. Dyottornis paradoxus westernensis Mathews, 1916, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 3, p. 63 — western Tasmania. Creadion paradoxus brevirostris Mathews, 1925, Birds Australia, 12, p. 76 — Launceston, Tasmania. Creadion paradoxus kingi Mathews, 1925, Birds Aus- tralia, 12, p. 76 — King Island, Bass Strait. Tasmania, and King Island and Furneaux Group in Bass Strait. GENUS PROSTHEMADERA GRAY Prosthemadera G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 15. Type, by original designation, Merops cincinnatus Latham = Merops novaeSeelandiae Gmelin. ef. Hartert, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, pp. 204-205. Oliver, 1930, New Zealand Birds, pp. 483-487. Fleming, 1939, Emu, 38, p. 509. PROSTHEMADERA NOVAESEELANDIAE Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae (Gmelin) Merops novaeSeelandiae Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 464 — Nova Seelandia [= Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand]. Meliphaga NovaHollandiae Stephens, 1826, in Shaw, Gen- eral Zool., 14, p. 259 — New Zealand. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae phoebe Kemp, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 124 — Umawera, Hokianga, North Island, New Zealand. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae kwini Kemp, 1912, Aus- tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 124 — Auckland Islands. Auckland Islands, Stewart Island, South Island and North Island, New Zealand, and outlying islands: Little and MELIPHAGIDAE 449 Great Barrier Islands, Hen [= Taranga], Chickens [= Moro- tiri], Mayor Island, and Kapiti Island. Formerly (1887) Three Kings Islands. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae kermadecensis Mathews and Iredale Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae kermadecensis Mathews and Iredale, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 1138 — Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands. Kermadec Islands. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis Hartert Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis Hartert, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 204 — Chatham Islands. Chatham Islands. GENUS PROMEROPS Brisson} Promerops Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 1, p. 34; 2, p. 460. Type, by tautonymy, “‘Le Promérops” Brisson = Merops cafer Linnaeus. cf. Broekhuysen, 1959, Proc. First Pan-African Ornith. Congress (Ostrich, suppl. no. 3), pp. 180-221 (bi- ology of cafer). Skead, 1964, Ostrich, 35, p. 236. PROMEROPS CAFER Promerops cafer (Linnaeus) Merops cafer Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 117 — Ethiopia; restricted to Cap de Bonne Espérance [= Cape of Good Hope] by Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 462. Cape Province, South Africa, from Cedarberg Mountains to Cape Peninsula and east to Port Elisabeth. PROMEROPS GURNEYI Promerops gurneyi gurneyi Verreaux Promerops gurneyi Verreaux, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 135, pl. 8— Natal, South Africa. Pondoland in eastern Cape Province, South Africa, through Natal, Zululand, Swaziland and Drakenberg Moun- tains north to Zoutpansberg area of eastern Transvaal. 1 Probably represents a separate family (Promeropidae).—F. 8S. 450 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Occasionally hybridizing with cafer in zone of overlap in eastern Cape Province. Promerops gurneyi ardens Friedmann Promerops cafer ardens Friedmann, 1952, Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., 42, p. 832 — Melsetter, Southern Rho- desia. Melsetter district, eastern Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia). INDEX Atay guy Wo Hes (ity in ae aD INDEX abadiei, Parus, 97 abbotti, Cinnyris, 249 abbotti, Nectarinia, 249 abbreviatus, Parus, 84 abbreviatus, Penthestes, 84 ablutum, Dicaeum, 195 abyssinaica, Salpornis, 160 abyssinica, Zosterops, 327 abyssinicus, Zosterops, 327 acaciarum, Auriparus, 69 Acanthochaera, 444 Acanthogenys, 444 Acanthorhynchus, 394, 437 accedens, Parus, 78 acik, Nectarinia, 234 Acmonorhynchus, 175 Acrulocercus, 424 aculeata, Sitta, 138 acutirostris, Timeliopsis, 339 adamauae, Chalcomitrea, 234 addenda, Ptilotis, 373 adelaidensis, Melithreptus, 395 adelberti, Cinnyris, 235 adelberti, Nectarinia, 235 adiabonensis, Hedydipna, 221 adiensis, Pitohui, 46 admiralitatis, Zosterops, 308 adolfi-friederici, Nectarinia, 265 adolphinae, Myzomela, 357 Aegithalidae, 52 Aegithaliscus, 538 Aegithalos, 52 Aegithalus, 53 Aegithospiza, 71 aegra, Nectarinia, 266 aemodius, Parus, 938 aenea, Anthreptes, 214 aeneigularis, Nectarinia, 267 aeneum, Dicaeum, 192 aequatorialis, Cinnyris, 234 aeruginosum, Dicaeum, 178 aeruginosus, Prionochilus, 178 Aethocinnyris, 224 Aethopyga, 270 afer, Cinnyris, 224 afer, Parus, 99 affabilis, Baeolophus, 120 affabilis, Parus, 120 affinae, Dicaeum, 178 affine, Oedistoma, 342 affinis, Acmonorhynchus, 178 affinis, Arachnothera, 287 affinis, Cinnyris, 251, 287 affinis, Climacteris, 1638 affinis, Colluricinecla, 37 affinis, Eidopsarus, 397 affinis, Melilestes, 342 affinis, Melithreptus, 397 affinis, Myiolestes, 37 affinis, Pachycephala, 16 affinis, Pardalotus, 204 affinis, Parus, 80 affinis, Poecile, 80 affinis, Sitta, 129 afra, Certhia, 255 afra, Nectarinia, 254 agile, Dicaeum, 176 agilis, Fringilla, 176 agilis, Parus, 83 aicora, Meliphaga, 368 aignani, Zosterops, 311 alani, Zosterops, 292 alanorum, Parus, 104 alaris, Rhabdornis, 162 alascensis, Poecile, 87 alba, Neositta, 148 albani, Anthochaera, 446 albata, Neositta, 146 albata, Sittella, 146 alberti, Zosterops, 313 albescens, Certhia, 154 albescens, Pardaliparus, 95 albescens, Parus, 95 albescens, Pristorhamphus, 170 albicapillus, Melithreptus, 395 albicauda, Melanocharis, 170 albicollis, Melithreptus, 395 albifrons, Glyciphila, 429 albifrons, Merops, 440 albifrons, Neositta, 147 albifrons, Parus, 97 albifrons, Phylidonyris, 429 albifrons, Sitta, 128 albifrons, Sittella, 147 albigula, Myzomela, 351 albigularis, Entomophila, 434 454 INDEX albilateralis, Nectarinia, 254 albilineata, Meliphaga, 373 albilineata, Ptilotis, 373 albipennis, Entomyza, 400 albitorques, Philemon, 410 albiventris, Hyloterpe, 13 albiventris, Nectarinia, 251 albiventris, Pachycephala, 18 albiventris, Parus, 102 albiventris, Zosterops, 304 alboauricularis, Lichmera, 348 albo-auricularis, Stigmatops, 348 albogularis, Conopophila, 434 albogularis, Entomophila, 434 albogularis, Melithreptus, 396 albogularis, Zosterops, 319 albonotata, Meliphaga, 369 albonotata, Ptilotis, 369 albopunctatum, Dicaeum, 191 aldabrensis, Cinnyris, 249 aldabrensis, Nectarinia, 249 aldabrensis, Zosterops, 335 aldrichi, Penthestes, 82 alexandrae, Climacteris, 165 alexandrae, Sitta, 138 alexandrensis, Ptilotis, 381 alexis, Philemon, 411 alfredi, Cyanomitra, 227 alfredi, Nectarinia, 227 alfurorum, Pachycephala, 21 alinae, Cyanomitra, 230 alinae, Nectarinia, 230 alinderi, Drepanorhynchus, 270 alisteri, Melithreptus, 397 Alisterornis, 8 alligator, Colluricincla, 41 alligator, Manorina, 442 alligator, Myzantha, 442 almorae, Sitta, 132 alopekion, Zosterops, 334 Alphacincla, 37 Alphaphilemon, 403 alpinum, Paramythia, 201 alpinus, Aegithalos, 55 alpinus, Parus, 55, 77, 96 altaicus, Parus, 74 altarum, Parus, 110 alter, Cinnyris, 260 alter, Nectarinia, 260 alticola, Certhia, 153, 155 amabilis, Parus, 96 amabilis, Zosterops, 294 amadoni, Nectarinia, 258 amami, Zosterops, 293 amamiensis, Parus, 108 amamii, Parus, 118 amamii, Sittiparus, 118 ambigua, Pachycephala, 30 ambiguus, Parus, 107 americana, Certhia, 155 amethystina, Certhia, 234 amethystina, Nectarinia, 233 Amoromyza, 423 ampotakae, Zosterops, 335 amurensis, Periparus, 90 amurensis, Sitta, 128 Anabathmis, 223 anadyrensis, Parus, 79 analoga, Lophozosterops, 322 analoga, Meliphaga, 369 analoga, Pseudozosterops, 322 analoga, Ptilotis, 370 analoga, Zosterops, 335 analogue, Ptilotis, 370 anambae, Anthreptes, 212 anamensis, Chalcoparia, 214 anamensus, Penthestes, 82 anatoliae, Parus, 75 anchietae, Anthreptes, 211 anchietae, Nectarinia, 211 anda, Colluricincla, 44 andamanica, Arachnechthra, 243 andamanica, Nectarinia, 243 anderseni, Cinnyris, 259 anderseni, Nectarinia, 259 andersoni, Aethopyga, 279 andersoni, Ptilotis, 379 anderssoni, Zosterops, 331 Anellobia, 444 angkanensis, Aethopyga, 276 angolensis, Anthreptes, 217 angolensis, Cinnyris, 233, 251 angustipluma, Chaetoptila, 425 angustipluma, Entomiza, 425 anjouanensis, Zosterops, 335 annabellae, Myzomela, 358 annae, Acmonorhynchus, 176 annae, Dicaeum, 176 annamensis, Aegithaliscus, 57 annamensis, Aegithalos, 57 annamensis, Aethopyga, 274 annamensis, Leptocoma, 243 annexus, Parus, 89 annulosa, Sylvia, 338, 335 anomala, Aethopyga, 278 anomala, Zosterops, 305 ansorgei, Anthoscopus, 66 antelia, Arachnothera, 283 Anthobaphes, 2238 Anthochaera, 444 Anthomiza, 443 Anthomyza, 443 anthonyi, Dicaeum, 180 anthonyi, Prionochilus, 180 Anthophagana, 282 Anthophagus, 282 anthophilus, Melipotes, 420 Anthornis, 443 Anthoscopus, 64 Anthothreptes, 209 Anthreptes, 209 anticostiensis, Certhia, 156 antioproctum, Dicaeum, 183 Apalopteron, 3938 apeliotes, Parus, 116 aphrodite, Parus, 105 apicalis, Moho, 425 aplonotus, Parus, 112 apo, Callisitta, 1438 apo, Dicaeum, 196 apo, Sitta, 143 apoensis, Hyloterpe, 15 apoensis, Pachycephala, 15 Apoia, 322 apolis, Cinnyris, 249 apolis, Nectarinia, 249 apsleyi, Entomyzon, 400 apsleyi, Gliciphila, 432 apsleyi, Myzomela, 352 apsleyi, Ramsayornis, 432 arabs, Zosterops, 327 Arachnechthra, 223 Arachnorhaphis, 282 Arachnothera, 282 aralensis, Remiza, 64 arceuthinus, Parus, 98 arctica, Sitta, 128 arctitorquis, Pachycephala, 33 Arctositta, 125 ardens, Promerops, 450 aremoricus, Aegithalos, 54 arens, Parus, 100 aresta, Nectarinia, 252 arfaki, Oreocharis, 200 arfaki, Parus, 200 INDEX 455 arfakiana, Melanocharis, 167 arfakianum, Dicaeum, 167 argentauris, Lichmera, 346 argentauris, Ptilotis, 346 argenticeps, Philemon, 410 argenticeps, Tropidorhynchus, 411 Argentiphilemon, 403 ariel, Aethopyga, 277 armata, Arachnothera, 285 armeniaca, Sitta, 141 arolasi, Aethopyga, 273 arrigonii, Parus, 77 artatus, Parus, 109 arthuri, Pachycephala, 20 arthuri, Pitohui, 50 arturi, Nectarinia, 270 aruensis, Colluricincla, 38 aruensis, Meliphaga, 369 aruensis, Myiolestes, 38 aruensis, Myzomela, 353 aruensis, Philemon, 408 aruensis, Pitohui, 48 aruensis, Rectes, 48 aruensis, Tropidorhynchus, 408 aruensis, Zosterops, 309 asciburgius, Parus, 113 ashantiensis, Cinnyris, 269 ashantiensis, Nectarinia, 269 ashbyi, Myzomela, 364 ashbyi, Pachycephala, 23 asiatica, Certhia, 248 asiatica, Nectarinia, 248 asiatica, Sitta, 127 aspasia, Cinnyris, 223, 240 aspasioides, Nectarinia, 239 assamensis, Aethopyga, 277 assamensis, Anthreptes, 214 assamensis, Chaleoparia, 214 assamensis, Cinnyris, 277 assimile, Dicaeum, 184 assimilis, Broadbentia, 373 assimilis, Colluricinela, 44 assimilis, Dicaeum, 184 assimilis, Meliornis, 427 assimilis, Pachycephala, 34 assimilis, Pardalotus, 205 assimilis, Parus, 76 astilpna, Arachnothera, 286 asuncionis, Myzomela, 361 ater, Melipotes, 421 ater, Melithreptus, 428 456 INDEX ater, Parus, 90 atita, Arachnothera, 284 atjehense, Dicaeum, 177 atkinsi, Sitta, 139 atlas, Parus, 92 atlas, Sitta, 130 atmorii, Zosterops, 333 atra, Chalcomitra, 234 atra, Pachycephala, 10 atrata, Myzomela, 362 atratus, Parus, 85 atratus, Penthestes, 85 atricapilla, Certhia, 395 atricapilla, Zosterops, 298 atricapilloides, Parus, 82 atricapillus, Parus, 80 atriceps, Melipotes, 421 atriceps, Zosterops, 305 atricristatus, Parus, 122 atrifrons, Zosterops, 306 atromaculata, Pachycephala, 19 aubryana, Gymnomyza, 424 aubryanus, Leptornis, 424 auga, Meliphaga, 366 augusta, Acanthagenys, 445 augustus, Melithreptus, 395 aurantiiventris, Pachycephala, 30 aurantium, Anthreptes, 218 aurata, Arachnothera, 288 aurea, Nectarinia, 232 aurea, Pachycephala, 32 aureifrons, Zosterops, 302 aureiloris, Zosterops, 299 aureolimbatum, Dicaeum, 180 aureolimbatus, Prionochilus, 180 aureus, Anthoscopus, 65 aureus, Cinnyris, 232 auricapilla, Nectarinia, 239 auriceps, Nectarinia, 239 auricomis, Muscicapa, 385 auriculata, Certhia, 369 auriculata, Meliphaga, 369 Auriparus, 68 auriventer, Zosterops, 296 aurora, Cyrtostomus, 244 aurora, Nectarinia, 244 austera, Xanthotis, 386 australasiae, Sylvia, 304, 315 australasiana, Certhia, 425 australe, Dicaeum, 181 australis, Aethopyga, 276 australis, Climacteris, 164 australis, Nectarinia, 247 australis, Pipra, 181 australis, Sitta, 1384 australoabyssinicus, Zosterops, 327 axantha, Cinnyris, 237 axantha, Nectarinia, 237 axillaris, Anthreptes, 210 axillaris, Camaroptera, 210 axillaris, Melanocharis, 170 axillaris, Neneba, 170 azurea, Sitta, 144 babelo, Zosterops, 299 baicalensis, Parus, 79 baicalensis, Poecile, 79 baicalensis, Sitta, 127 baileyae, Parus, 85 bailloni, Pterodroma, 165 balearicus, Parus, 114 balfouri, Cinnyris, 229 balfouri, Nectarinia, 229 balim, Pachycephala, 25 balstoni, Zosterops, 310 balticus, Parus, 73 bangsi, Aethopyga, 274 bangsi, Parus, 108 bangsi, Sitta, 137 banksiana, Pachycephala, 28 bannermani, Cyanomitra, 230 bannermani, Nectarinia, 230 bansoensis, Cyanomitra, 230 bansoensis, Nectarinia, 230 bantenensis, Anthreptes, 216 Baptothorax, 224 barabensis, Remiza, 63 barakae, Nectarinia, 262 barakae, Parus, 99 barbouri, Anthreptes, 217 bargaensis, Parus, 104 barlowi, Parus, 88 barroni, Climacteris, 164 barroni, Pardalotus, 207 barroni, Ptilotis, 379 bartletti, Parus, 82 barletti, Penthestes, 82 bartoni, Pachycephala, 16 baschkirikus, Lophophanes, 97 baschkirikus, Parus, 97 basilanica, Hyloterpe, 15 basilanica, Pachycephala, 15 basilanica, Zosterops, 298 basilanicus, Anthreptes, 213 basileus, Machlolophus, 113 basileus, Parus, 113 bassetti, Zosterops, 304 bastille, Meliphaga, 366 basuticus, Zosterops, 333 batanis, Zosterops, 293 batantae, Colluricincla, 37 batantae, Pinarolestes, 37 batesi, Cinnyris, 226 batesi, Melidectes, 417 batesi, Melirrhophetes, 417 batesi, Nectarinia, 226 batjanensis, Myzomela, 358 batuense, Dicaeum, 199 baweanus, Anthreptes, 212 bayeri, Zosterops, 330 beaconsfieldi, Ptilotis, 379 beavani, Lophophanes, 90 beavani, Parus, 90 beccarii, Aethopyga, 281 beccarii, Dicaeum, 198 becki, Dicaeum, 193 becki, Meliphaga, 368 bedfordi, Sitta, 129 belfordi, Melidectes, 417 belfordi, Melirrhophetes, 419 bella, Aethopyga, 273 bella, Pachycephala, 30 benguelae, Parus, 99 bensoni, Cynnyris, 256 bensoni, Nectarinia, 256 berezowskii, Cyanistes, 117 berezowskii, Parus, 117 bergmani, Sitta, 127 bergmanii, Cinnyris, 240 berneyi, Myzantha, 442 besti, Dicaeum, 184 bettingtoni, Pachycephala, 22 beveni, Nectarinia, 266 beverleyae, Anthreptes, 220 bianchii, Certhia, 152 bianchii, Poecile, 76 bicolor, Dicaeum, 181 bicolor, Melanocharis, 168 bicolor, Parus, 121 bicolor, Prionochilus, 181 biedermanni, Sitta, 127 bifasciata, Certhia, 264 bifasciata, Nectarinia, 264 bifasciata, Sitta, 127 INDEX bineschensis, Cinnyris, 258 bineschensis, Nectarinia, 258 birgitae, Anthreptes, 214 bishopi, Acrulocercus, 425 bishopi, Moho, 425 blanchardi, Parus, 89 blanci, Aethopyga, 276 blanfordi, Cyrtostomus, 243 blanfordi, Parus, 105 blasii, Myzomela, 350 blasii, Stigmatops, 350 bohndorffi, Cinnyris, 231 blicki, Cinnyris, 251 blicki, Nectarinia, 251 bloodi, Oreocharis, 200 bocagii, Nectarinia, 262 bohndorffi, Cinnyris, 231 bohndorffi, Nectarinia, 231 boholensis, Pachycephala, 15 boholensis, Zosterops, 298 boiei, Myzomela, 358 boiei, Nectarinia, 358 bokharensis, Parus, 110 boltoni, Aethopyga, 271 bonensis, Hylocitrea, 7 bonensis, Pachycephala, 7 bonga, Dicaeum, 196 bongaoensis, Parus, 96 boninsimae, Zosterops, 292 bonita, Aethopyga, 273 bonthaina, Hylocitrea, 7 bonthaina, Pachycephala, 7 bonvaloti, Acredula, 58 bonvaloti, Aegithalos, 58 boothi, Chalcomitra, 233 borbonica, Motacilla, 333 borbonica, Zosterops, 333 borealis, Entomophila, 435 borealis, Parus, 76 borgerti, Chaleomitra, 235 borneana, Chalcoparia, 216 borneanum, Dicaeum, 188 borneanus, Anthreptes, 216 bornensis, Anthreptes, 212 borroloola, Pachycephala, 24 bostanjogli, Remiza, 62 bougainvillei, Lichmera, 341 bougainvillei, Melilestes, 341 457 bougainvillei, Pachycephala, 27 Bournsia, 175 bouvieri, Cinnyris, 260 bouvieri, Nectarinia, 260 458 INDEX bowensis, Pardalotus, 207 boweri, Colluricincla, 41 boweri, Collyriocincla, 41 bowiae, Zosterops, 316 Bowyeria, 36 braba, Gliciphila, 340 braba, Phylidonyris, 430 bracecata, Mohoa, 424 braccatus, Moho, 424 brachydactyla, Certhia, 156 brachyurus, Aegithalos, 53 bractiatus, Cinnyris, 253 bradshawi, Cinnyris, 233 brandtii, Parus, 74 brandtii, Poecile, 74 brasiliana, Certhia, 236 brasiliana, Nectarinia, 236 brassi, Melidectes, 419 brassi, Philemon, 404 brauneri, Parus, 115 breda, Philemon, 405 brenda, Ptilotis, 386 brevicauda, Paramythia, 202 brevicauda, Zosterops, 314 brevipennis, Philemon, 409 brevipennis, Pitohui, 49 brevipennis, Rhectes, 49 brevirostris, Arachnechthra, 248 brevirostris, Creadion, 448 brevirostris, Melithreptus, 394 brevirostris, Nectarinia, 248 brevirostris, Parus, 74 brevirostris, Poecilia, 74 britannica, Sitta, 129 britannicus, Parus, 91 brittanica, Certhia, 150 Broadbentia, 365 broomei, Gliciphila, 432 broomei, Neositta, 145 broomei, Philemon, 411 broomei, Ptilotis, 374 broomei, Ramsayornis, 432 brunnea, Colluricinela, 42 brunnea, Eopsaltria, 18 brunnea, Pachycephala, 18 brunnea, Speirops, 337 brunneicaudus, Pitohui, 47 brunneicaudus, Rhectes, 47 brunneiceps, Pitohui, 47 brunneiceps, Rectes, 47 brunneipectus, Pachycephala, 28 brunneirostris, Amoromyza, 423 brunneirostris, Gymnomyza, 423 brunneivertex, Pitohui, 46 brunnescens, Parus, 100 brunnescens, Ptilotis, 376 brunnescens, Sitta, 185 brunneus, Melilestes, 340 buaensis, Ptilotis, 392 buceroides, Philedon, 408 buceroides, Philemon, 407 buceroides, Tropidorhynchus, 410 buchanani, Pachycephala, 36 buchenorum, Cinnyris, 249 buchenorum, Nectarinia, 249 buergersi, Pitohui, 51 buettikoferi, Arachnothera, 284 buettikoferi, Nectarinia, 247 bulleri, Anthochaera, 447 bulleri, Pachycephala, 36 bungurense, Dicaeum, 178 bungurense, Piprisoma, 178 bureaui, Aegithalos, 54 bureaui, Certhia, 157 bureschi, Parus, 96 biirgersi, Pitohui, 51 burgi, Parus, 91 buruensis, Cinnyris, 246 buruensis, Nectarinia, 246 buruensis, Pachycephala, 21 buruensis, Zosterops, 308 butaloides, Pachycephala, 12 butleri, Cinnyris, 261 biittikoferi, Arachnothera, 284 biittikoferi, Cinnyris, 247 buturlini, Certhia, 151 buturlini, Sitta, 128 buvuma, Nectarinia, 269 buxtoni, Zosterops, 296 bynoei, Pachycephala, 23 cabrerae, Parus, 92 cacharensis, Zosterops, 295 caena, Arachnothera, 287 caeruleocephala, Anthomiza, 443 caeruleogula, Nectarinia, 241 caeruleus, Parus, 118 caesia, Sitta, 129 cafer, Merops, 449 cafer, Promerops, 449 cagayanensis, Anthreptes, 212 cahni, Melidectes, 419 cairncrossi, Zosterops, 304 cairnsensis, Acanthorhynchus, 437 calamensis, Parus, 114 caleconi, Ptilotis, 382 calcostetha, Nectarinia, 242 caledonica, Muscicapa, 31 caledonica, Myzomela, 359 caledonica, Pachycephala, 31 Caleya, 37 californicus, Psaltriparus, 59 Caligavis, 366 caliginosus, Parus, 88, 89 calliope, Pachycephala, 20 Callisitta, 125 ealoola, Colluricinela, 43 Caloptilotis, 365 calotropiphilus, Aegithalus, 65 cambodiana, Aethopyga, 278 cambodianum, Dicaeum, 197 cameroonensis, Anthreptes, 210 camerunensis, Parus, 101 campbelli, Meliornis, 428 campbelli, Pardalotus, 206 campbelli, Phylidonyris, 427 canadensis, Sitta, 136 candidior, Meliphaga, 389 candidior, Xanthotis, 389 canescens, Certhia, 153 canescens, Philemonopsis, 404 canescens, Phylidonyris, 428 canescens, Sitta, 135 canescens, Sylvia, 428 caniceps, Camaroptera, 210 caniceps, Poecilodryas, 32 caniceps, Sitta, 136 caniviridis, Zosterops, 328 cantans, Myzomela, 354 canzelae, Anthreptes, 210 capensis, Tanagra, 52 capensis, Turnagra, 52 capensis, Zosterops, 333 capricornensis, Notiocinnyris, 254 captata, Melanocharis, 169 cara, Aethopyga, 279 cardinalis, Certhia, 359 cardinalis, Meliphaga, 350 cardinalis, Myzomela, 359 carnaroni, Alisterornis, 35 carnaroni, Pachycephala, 35 caroli, Aegithalus, 67 INDEX 459 caroli, Anthoscopus, 66 carolinae, Pitohui, 46 carolinensis, Parus, 82 carolinensis, Sitta, 138 carpentariae, Pardalotus, 204 carpentariae, Philemon, 405 carpentariana, Melithreptus, 397 carpentarianus, Melithreptus, 397 carpentariensis, Ptilotis, 380 carpi, Parus, 100 carpophagus, Melipotes, 421 carruthersi, Anthothreptes, 217 carruthersi, Parus, 117 earteri, Colluricinela, 44 carteri, Meliphaga, 383 carteri, Ptilotis, 383 carunculata, Anthochaera, 446 carunculata, Antochaera, 448 earunculata, Certhia, 392 carunculata, Foulehaio, 392 carunculata, Merops, 446 carunculatus, Creadion, 447 carunculatus, Mimus, 447 cascadensis, Parus, 87 caschmirensis, Parus, 106 cashmirensis, Sitta, 132 caspius, Aegithalus, 63 caspius, Parus, 105 caspius, Remiz, 63 cassidix, Meliphaga, 385 cassidix, Ptilotis, 385 castanea, Sitta, 132 castaneoventris, Parus, 119 castaneoventris, Sitta, 133 casuarina, Manorina, 442 casuarina, Myzantha, 442 caucasica, Certhia, 151 caucasica, Sitta, 130 caucasicus, Parus, 104 caudata, Phylidonyris, 428 caudatus, Aegithalos, 53 caudatus, Parus, 53 caurina, Certhia, 153 cebuensis, Callisitta, 143 cecaumenorum, Psaltriparus, 60 cedricola, Certhia, 158 celebensis, Anthreptes, 213 celebensis, Arachnothera, 422 celebensis, Myza, 422 celebicum, Dicaeum, 195 centralasiae, Remiza, 64 460 INDEX centrale, Dicaeum, 191 centralia, Meliphaga, 382 centralia, Ptilotula, 382 centralis, Nectarinia, 267 centralis, Pachycephala, 27 cephaélis, Cinnyris, 226 cephaélis, Cyanomitra, 226 cephaelis, Nectarinia, 226 Cephalopyrus, 69 Certhia, 150 Certhiidae, 150 Certhiinae, 150 Certhionyx, 364 cervinus, Acrocephalus, 340 cerviniventris, Collyriocincla, 41 cerviniventris, Pitohui, 48 cerviniventris, Rectes, 48 ceylonense, Dicaeum, 186 ceylonensis, Zosterops, 296 Chaetoptila, 425 chalcea, Nectarinia, 261 calcomelas, Cinnyris, 265 chaleomelas, Nectarinia, 265 Chalcomitra, 223 Chaleopari, 209 Chalcostetha, 223 chalybea, Certhia, 254 chalybea, Nectarinia, 253 chalybeus, Certhia, 224 chandleri, Gliciphila, 430 changaicus, Parus, 79 changamwensis, Cyanomitra, 227 changamwensis, Nectarinia, 227 chapini, Cinayris, 254 chapini, Nectarinia, 254 charlottae, Myzomela, 357 chathamensis, Prosthemadera, 449 Cheimocinnyris, 224 chermesina, Myzomela, 361 chienfengensis, Sitta, 142 chihuahuae, Sitta, 135 Chilociris, 175 chimae, Parus, 109 chinensis, Sitta, 131 chionogenys, Myza, 422 chlamyrhodomelanos, Aegithalos, 53 chlorates, Zosterops, 301 chloreus, Melilestes, 341 chlorigaster, Anthreptes, 212 chloris, Lichmera, 346 chloris, Melanocharis, 168 chloris, Stigmatops, 346 chloris, Zosterops, 3038 chlorocephala, Chalcostetha, 240 chlorocephala, Zosterops, 317 chlorocephalus, Zosterops, 317 Chlorocharis, 325 chlorolaema, Chalcostetha, 240 chlorolaema, Nectarinia, 240 chlorolaema, Xanthotis, 391 chloronota, Nectarinia, 262 chloronothos, Dicaeum, 336 chloronothos, Zosterops, 336 chloronotus, Zosterops, 315 chloropsis, Melithreptus, 396 chloroptera, Melanocharis, 168 chloroptera, Myzomela, 357 chloropygia, Nectarinia, 257 chlorotis, Muscicapa, 379 chlorura, Pachycephala, 28 chobiensis, Anthodiaeta, 220 chorassanicus, Parus, 93 christianae, Cinnyris, 241 christianae, Nectarinia, 241 christinae, Aethopyga, 276 christophori, Pachycephala, 28 Chromatociris, 175 chrysochlore, Dicaeum, 179 chrysocome, Melanocharis, 170 chrysocome, Neneba, 170 chrysogenys, Arachnothera, 286 chrysogenys, Nectarinia, 286 chrysogenys, Oreornis, 392 chrysolaema, Zosterops, 307 chrysootos, Certhia, 385 chrysops, Meliphaga, 379 chrysops, Sylvia, 879 chrysoptera, Anthochaera, 446 chrysoptera, Neositta, 145 chrysoptera, Sitta, 146 chrysopterus, Merops, 446 chrysorrheum, Dicaeum, 179 chrysotis, Certhia, 372 chrysotis, Meliphaga, 372 chrysotis, Philedon, 386 chrysotis, Ptilotis, 372 chyulu, Cyanomitra, 227 chyuluensis, Zosterops, 332 cincinnatus, Merops, 448 cincta, Meliphaga, 400 cincta, Notiomystis, 400 INDEX 461 cinctus, Parus, 86 cinera, Nectarinia, 248 cineracea, Myzomela, 351 cineraceus, Lophophanes, 121 cineraceus, Parus, 121 cineraceus, Tropidorhynchus, 406 cinerascens, Oedistoma, 342 cinerascens, Pachycephala, 34 cinerascens, Parus, 99, 107 cinerascens, Toxorhamphus, 342 cinerea, Colluricincla, 36 cinerea, Drepanis, 319 cinerea, Motacilla, 106 cinerea, Muscitrea, 12 cinerea, Pachycephala, 12 cinerea, Ptilotis, 402 cinerea, Zosterops, 319 cinereifrons, Meliphaga, 371 cinereifrons, Pycnopygius, 401 cinereigulare, Dicaeum, 184 cinereus, Parus, 107 cinereus, Pycnopygius, 402 cinireicollis, Arachnothera, 283 cinireicollis, Cinnyris, 283 cinnamomea, Pachycephala, 27 cinnamomeum, Pseudorectes, 27 cinnamomeus, Hypocryptadius, 326 cinnamoventris, Sitta, 133 Cinnyris, 223 Cinnyrorhyncha, 320 cisalpina, Sitta, 129 ciscaucasica, Certhia, 151 ciscaucasicus, Parus, 115 Cissomela, 436 citreogaster, Pachycephala, 26 citreogularis, Philemon, 404 citreogularis, Tropidorhynchus, 404 citreola, Meliphaga, 370 citrinella, Zosterops, 304 citrinus, Anthoscopus, 65 citrinus, Anthreptes, 213 clamans, Philemon, 412 clara, Eulacestoma, 3 clara, Sitta, 127 clarae, Arachnothera, 286 clariterga, Sitta, 136 clarus, Pitohui, 50 clarus, Rhectus, 50 claudi, Glycichaera, 344 claudi, Macgillivrayornis, 344 clelandi, Coleia, 447 clelandi, Manorina, 441 clelandi, Meliphaga, 376 clelandi, Myzantha, 441 clelandii, Oreoica, 5 clementiae, Cinnyris, 246 clementiae, Nectarinia, 246 Cleptornis, 393 Climacteridae, 162 Climacteris, 162 clio, Pachycephala, 21 cloatesensis, Sacramela, 381 cloncurri, Grantiella, 435 coccinea, Certhia, 198 coccinea, Myzomela, 353 coccinigastra, Certhia, 265 coccinigastra, Nectarinia, 265 cochrani, Cinnyris, 240 cochrani, Nectarinia, 240 cockerelli, Lichmera, 349 cockerelli, Philemon, 410 cockerelli, Ptilotis, 349 coeruleus, Parus, 113 colchicus, Parus, 115 Coleia, 444 Colena, 444 collaris, Anthreptes, 219 collaris, Cinnyris, 221 collaris, Melirrhophetes, 417 collaris, Melithreptus, 438 collaris, Pachycephala, 25 collaris, Philedon, 404 colletti, Pachycephala, 33 Colluricincla, 36 colomanni, Anthoscopus, 67 columbianus, Parus, 87 commixtus, Parus, 108 communis, Parus, 72 comorensis, Cinnyris, 250 comorensis, Nectarinia, 250 comorensis, Zosterops, 335 compar, Pachycephala, 20 concinna, Psaltria, 57 concinnus, Aegithalos, 56 concolor, Arachnothera, 287 concolor, Dicaeum, 186 confusus, Neophilemon, 410 confusus, Philemon, 410 congensis, Nectarinia, 265 Conigravea, 37 congrevei, Parus, 73 462 INDEX conigravi, Colluricinela, 41 connectens, Entomyzon, 399 connectens, Meliphaga, 370 Conopophila, 433 consobrina, Pachycephala, 24 consobrinorum, Zosterops, 305 consobrinus, Aegithalus, 64 consobrinus, Remiz, 64 conspicillata, Zosterops, 297 conspicillatum, Dicaeum, 297 contempta, Pachycephala, 23 convergens, Anthreptes, 213 cookei, Sitta, 139 coongani, Melithreptus, 398 cooperi, Meliphaga, 375 cooperi, Ptilotis, 375 copha, Arachnothera, 286 coquerellii, Nectarinia, 250 Coracornis, 8 corallina, Sitta, 142 corallipes, Dendrophila, 142 corallipes, Sitta, 142 corallirostris, Hypherpes, 124 corallirostris, Hypositta, 124 corea, Sitta, 137 corinna, Hermotimia, 242 corinna, Nectarinia, 242 Cormobates, 162 cornelia, Hermotimia, 241 cornelia, Nectarinia, 241 corniculatus, Merops, 411 corniculatus, Philemon, 411 cornwalli, Zosterops, 317 coronatus, Aegithalus, 63 coronatus, Remiz, 63 corsa, Certhia, 151 corsus, Parus, 105 crassirostris, Arachnocestra, 285 crassirostris, Arachnothera, 285 crassirostris, Gliciphila, 480 crassirostris, Heleia, 324 crassirostris, Manorina, 440 crassirostris, Myzantha, 440 crassirostris, Phylidonyris, 430 crassirostris, Poecilia, 74 crassirostris, Rhamphocharis, 171 crassirostris, Zosterops, 324 cratitia, Meliphaga, 380 cratitius, Ptilotis, 380 cretum, Dicaeum, 193 crissalis, Hyloterpe, 138 crissalis, Pachycephala, 13 crissalis, Zosterops, 309 cristata, Rectes, 50 cristatus, Parus, 96, 121 cristatus, Pitohui, 50 croceoventre, Dicaeum, 183 crockettorum, Meliphaga, 372 crookshanki, Zosterops, 308 crossensis, Chaleomitra, 232 crossensis, Nectarinia, 232 cruentata, Certhia, 198 cruentata, Myzomela, 353 cruentata, Nectarinia, 234 cruentatum, Dicaeum, 198 Cryptociris, 175 cucullata, Certhia, 437 cucullata, Eopsaltria, 28 cucullata, Pachycephala, 28 cucullatus, Merops, 440 culionensis, Anaimos, 174 culionensis, Prionochilus, 174 cuprea, Certhia, 261 cuprea, Nectarinia, 261 cupreonitens, Nectarinia, 267 currucaria, Nectarinia, 248 curtus, Parus, 102 curvirostris, Zosterops, 336 cyanescens, Cinnyris, 250 cyanocephala, Certhia, 231 cyanocephala, Nectarinia, 231 cyanolaema, Nectarinia, 231 cyanolaemus, Nectarinia, 232 Cyanomitra, 223 cyanonotum, Dicaeum, 197 Cyanositta, 125 cyanotis, Entomyzon, 399 cyanotis, Gracula, 399 cyanus, Parus, 116 Cyclopterops, 290 cyclopum, Pachycephala, 32 cygnus, Acanthagenys, 445 cypriotes, Parus, 92 cyrenaicae, Parus, 115 Cyrtostomus, 223 dabryii, Aethopyga, 274 dabryii, Nectarinia, 274 dageletensis, Parus, 109 dageleticus, Zosterops, 291 dahli, Pachycephala, 25 daitoensis, Zosterops, 293 dalmatina, Sitta, 129 damarensis, Anthoscopus, 68 damarensis, Parus, 99 dammeriana, Pachycephala, 20 dammermani, Myzomela, 357 dammermani, Ptiloprora, 414 danakilensis, Hedydipna, 221 daphoenonota, Aethopyga, 272 Daphoenositta, 148 Daphoenosittinae, 145 darbiski, Ptilotis, 386 darti, Parus, 738 dartmouthi, Nectarinia, 268 daurica, Certhia, 152 davao, Dicaeum, 188 davaoensis, Nectarinia, 238 davidi, Parus, 86 davidi, Poecile, 86 davidi, Sitta, 1380 daviesi, Cinnyris, 228 dawsoni, Meliphaga, 377 dawsoni, Ptilotis, 377 dayakana, Dicaeum, 184 dayakanum, Dicaeum, 184 decipiens, Pitohui, 46 decipiens, Ptilotis, 375 decipiens, Rectes, 46 decolor, Aethopyga, 272 decolorans, Parus, 106 decorosa, Aethopyga, 272 decorosa, Eudrepanis, 272 decorsei, Cinnyris, 261 decorsei, Nectarinia, 261 degener, Cinnyris, 248 degener, Nectarinia, 248 degener, Parus, 116 dehaani, Zosterops, 305 deignani, Dicaeum, 176 dejeani, Parus, 75 delacouri, Sitta, 132 delicatula, Zosterops, 307 demeryi, Zosterops, 329 deminuta, Chalcomitra, 234 deminuta, Nectarinia, 234 Dendrophila, 125 deningeri, Lichmera, 349 deningeri, Stigmatops, 349 depauperata, Ptilotis, 384 derbyi, Myzomela, 356 derjugini, Parus, 93 derjugini, Periparus, 93 deserticola, Meliphaga, 378 deserticola, Zosterops, 328 INDEX 463 despecta, Colluricincla, 38 despectus, Pinarolestes, 38 Dicaeidae, 166 Dicaeum, 174 dichroides, Lophophanes, 98 dichroides, Parus, 98 dichromata, Myzomela, 361 dichrous, Parus, 98 dichrous, Pitohui, 48 dichrous, Rectes, 48 didimus, Alphacincla, 44 didimus, Lewinornis, 34 didimus, Philemon, 404 diemenensis, Meliornis, 428 diemenensis, Philemon, 412 diemenensis, Tropidorhynchus, 412 difficilis, Zosterops, 302 dilutior, Arachnothera, 284 dimorphicus, Psaltriparus, 61 dinagatensis, Cyrtostomus, 245 dingi, Ptilotis, 377 diops, Ptilotis, 391 Dipardalotus, 202 discolor, Certhia, 158 discolor, Colluricincla, 40 dissentiens, Cinnyris, 245 dissimilis, Pinarolestes, 39 diuatae, Aethopyga, 271 diuatae, Dicaeum, 180 diuatae, Zosterops, 302 diversum, Dicaeum, 191 diversum, Piprisoma, 178 djamdjamensis, Anthreptes, 220 doggetti, Cinnyris, 233 doggetti, Nectarinia, 233 dohertyi, Lophozosterops, 324 dohertyi, Pitohui, 46 dolichorhynchum, Dicaeum, 197 domaniewskii, Sitta, 126 dorotheae, Certhia, 156 Dorothina, 365 dorsale, Dicaeum, 184 dorsalis, Pachycephala, 35 dorsalis, Pycnopygius, 402 draschei, Rectes, 45 Drepanorhynchus, 223 Dreptes, 224 dresseri, Parus, 73 dresseri, Sitta, 141 dubia, Cinnyris, 362 dubia, Pachycephala, 18 464 dubius, Acanthorhynchus, 438 dubius, Parus, 76 dulciei, Meliornis, 429 dulcior, Lewinornis, 33 dulcior, Pachycephala, 33 dumerilii, Anthornis, 443 dumerilii, Philedon, 443 dussumieri, Nectarinia, 242 Duyvena, 271 duyvenbodei, Aethopyga, 273 duyvenbodei, Nectarinia, 273 Dyottornis, 444 dysleptus, Parus, 122 dzungaricus, Parus, 111 Eafa, 171 eboensis, Nectarinia, 286 edithae, Pardaliparus, 94 edithae, Parus, 94 edwini, Zosterops, 315 efatensis, Pachycephala, 28 efatensis, Zosterops, 315 egregia, Zosterops, 294 eichhorni, Cinnyris, 242 eichhorni, Myzomela, 362 eichhorni, Nectarinia, 242 eichhorni, Philemon, 410 eichhorni, Zosterops, 311 eidos, Parus, 83 eidos, Penthestes, 83 elachior, Anthreptes, 220 Elaeocerthia, 223 elegans, Parus, 94 elenae, Poecile, 77 elgonensis, Anthreptes, 218 elgonensis, Zosterops, 330 elisabethae, Myzomela, 358 ellioti, Philemon, 412 elongata, Lophozosterops, 323 elongata, Oreosterops, 3238 elwesi, Zosterops, 295 emiliae, Chlorocharis, 325 emilii, Melidectes, 420 emini, Salpornis, 159 emmae, Leptocoma, 236 emmae, Nectarinia, 236 enaga, Aegithalos, 56 e.newtoni, Zosterops, 334 enidae, Pachycephala, 18 Entomophila, 483 Entomyzon, 399 Eopsaltria, 3 INDEX eques, Cinnyris, 351 eques, Myzomela, 351 Eremicinnyris, 224 erixanthus, Anthreptes, 212 erlangeri, Nectarinia, 266 erlangeri, Salpornis, 160 erlangeri, Zosterops, 332 ernsti, Certhia, 153 ernsti, Parus, 74 ernstmayri, Myzomela, 356 erwini, Zosterops, 296, 303 erythrina, Myzomela, 354 erythrinae, Chalcomitra, 235 erythrocephala, Myzomela, 3854, 356 erythrocephalus, Parus, 56 erythrocephalus, Pipra, 56 erythrocerca, Nectarinia, 265 erythroceria, Nectarinia, 265 erythromelas, Myzomela, 363 erythronotos, Certhia, 174 erythronotum, Certhia, 174 erythronotus, Certhia, 198 erythropleura, Ptiloprora, 413 erythropleura, Ptilotis, 413 erythropleura, Zosterops, 291 erythropleurus, Zosterops, 291 erythrops, Climacteris, 163 erythrorhynchos, Certhia, 186 erythrorhynchos, Dicaeum, 186 erythrothorax, Dicaeum, 189 ethelae, Meliphaga, 378 ethelae, Ptilotis, 378 Eucinnyris, 224 Eudrepanis, 271 Eulacestoma, 3 eumecis, Cinnyris, 237 eumecis, Nectarinia, 237 eupogon, Merops, 4389 europaea, Pipra, 52 europaea, Sitta, 126 europaeus, Aegithalos, 53 eurycricota, Zosterops, 332 eurycriocotus, Zosterops, 332 euthapsinus, Anthreptes, 211 eva, Myzomela, 358 evanescens, Parus, 113 everardi, Dorothina, 375 everetti, Arachnoraphis, 288 everetti, Arachnothera, 288 everetti, Dicaeum, 177, 185 everetti, Pachycephala, 19 everetti, Prionochilus, 177 everetti, Zosterops, 298 examinata, Pachycephala, 35 excelsus, Parus, 105 exigua, Zosterops, 310 exilis, Psaltria, 59 eximia, Aethopyga, 276 eximia, Nectarinia, 276 eximium, Dicaeum, 192 exochra, Arachnothera, 283 expectata, Callisitta, 144 expectata, Sitta, 144 explorator, Zosterops, 314 expugnatus, Aegithalos, 53 exquisita, Cinnyris, 248 exquisita, Nectarinia, 248 extima, Certhia, 155 extimus, Parus, 83 extimus, Penthestes, 83 extremus, Anthreptes, 213 exultans, Aethopyga, 282 eytoni, Arachnothera, 285 ezrai, Aethopyga, 276 facialis, Meliphaga, 368 falcata, Pachycephala, 33 Falcunculus, 4 falkensteini, Cinnyris, 250 falkensteini, Nectarinia, 250 fallax, Glycichaera, 344 fallax, Hyloterpe, 15 fallax, Pachycephala, 15 familiare, Apalopteron, 393 familiaris, Certhia, 150 familiaris, Ixos, 393 famosa, Certhia, 267 famosa, Nectarinia, 267 farleyi, Parus, 87 fasciata, Glyciphila, 431 fasciata, Nectarinia, 269 fasciatus, Ramsayornis, 431 fasciculatus, Merops, 424 fasciiventer, Parus, 103 fasciogularis, Meliphaga, 376 fasciogularis, Ptilotis, 376 fatioi, Certhia, 150 fazoglensis, Nectarinia, 251 feae, Zosterops, 334 feminina, Pachycephala, 27 ferghanensis, Parus, 110 fergussonis, Melilestes, 343 fergussonis, Oedistoma, 343 INDEX 465 fergussonis, Pachycephala, 25 ferruginea, Colluricincla, 38 ferrugineus, Myiolestes, 38 ferrugineus, Pitohui, 49 ferrugineus, Rhectes, 49 festae, Parus, 77 ficedulina, Zosterops, 334 filigera, Meliphaga, 388 filigera, Ptilotis, 388 finitima, Zosterops, 302 finki, Pardalotus, 206 finschi, Dicaeum, 177 finschi, Pachycephala, 26 finschi, Ptilotis, 402 finschi, Pycnopygius, 402 finschii, Tephras, 319 finschii, Zosterops, 319 flagrans, Aethopyga, 272 flammaxillaris, Nectarinia, 243 flammeum, Dicaeum, 199 flammiceps, Aegithalus, 69 flammiceps, Cephalopyrus, 69 flammifera, Arachnothera, 284 flava, Cinnyris, 247 flava, Meliphaga, 373 flava, Ptilotis, 373 flava, Zosterops, 302 flavacanthus, Acanthogenys, 445 flavescens, Aethopyga, 282 flavescens, Colluricincla, 43 flavescens, Meliphaga, 377 flavescens, Ptilotis, 377 flavicans, Lichmera, 349 flavicans, Melithreptus, 349 flaviceps, Aegithalus, 69 flaviceps, Auriparus, 69 flaviceps, Zosterops, 318 flaviclunis, Dicaeum, 184 flavicollis, Meliphaga, 384 flavicollis, Melithreptus, 384 flavida, Meliphaga, 370 flavifrons, Aegithalus, 65 flavifrons, Anthoscopus, 65 flavifrons, Eopsaltria, 30 flavifrons, Muscicapa, 315 flavifrons, Pachycephala, 30 flavifrons, Zosterops, 314 flavigaster, Anthreptes, 285 flavigaster, Arachnothera, 285 flavigaster, Nectarinia, 247 flavigastra, Nectarinia, 247 flavigula, Manorina, 441 466 flavigula, Myzantha, 442 flavigula, Ptilotis, 385 flavilateralis, Zosterops, 328 flavinucha, Sitta, 1385 flavipectus, Aethopyga, 273 flavipectus, Oedistoma, 343 flavipectus, Parus, 117 flavirictus, Meliphaga, 372 flavirictus, Ptilotis, 372 flavissima, Zosterops, 300, 304 flaviventer, Dicaeum, 182 flaviventer, Meliphaga, 386 flaviventer, Myzantha, 386 flaviventris, Certhia, 236 flaviventris, Melilestes, 341 flaviventris, Nectarinia, 236 flaviventris, Toxorhamphus, 341 flaviventris, Xanthotis, 365 flavocristata, Melanochlora, 123 flavo-cristatus, Parus, 123 flavogrisea, Pachycare, 6 flavogrisea, Pachycephala, 6 flavostriata, Aethopyga, 281 flavo-striata, Nectarinia, 281 flavostriata, Ptilotis, 390 flavotincta, Glyciphila, 348 flavotincta, Lichmera, 348 flavum, Dicaeum, 294, 302 flavum, Oedistoma, 343 flavus, Toxorhamphus, 343 flindersensis, Zosterops, 316 flindersi, Nesoptilotis, 385 florensis, Zosterops, 301 floridana, Zosterops, 310 flickigeri, Parus, 113 foersteri, Melidectes, 418 foersteri, Melirrhophetes, 418 foghaensis, Zosterops, 301 fohkienensis, Parus, 108 forbesi, Myzomela, 355 forbesi, Zosterops, 298 formosa, Sitta, 144 formosana, Sitta, 131 formosum, Dicaeum, 197 forresti, Meliphaga, 375 forresti, Ptilotis, 375 fortior, Sitta, 144 fortis, Colluricincla, 40 fortis, Pachycephala, 40 fortuitus, Penthestes, 81 Foulehaio, 392 fraseri, Anthreptes, 210 INDEX frater, Microphilemon, 405 frater, Philemon, 405 fraterculus, Auriparus, 69 frenata, Meliphaga, 390 frenata, Nectarinia, 247 frenata, Ptilotis, 390 fretensis, Philemon, 409 fretorum, Pachycephala, 36 fricki, Melaniparus, 99 fricki, Zosterops, 328 fringillinus, Parus, 103 frontalis, Daphoenositta, 149 frontalis, Sitta, 142 frontalis, Zosterops, 306, 323 frontatus, Faleunculus, 4 frontatus, Lanius, 4 fuelleborni, Nectarinia, 256 fulgidum, Dicaeum, 195 fuliginosa, Certhia, 159, 232 fuliginosa, Mecistura, 58 fuliginosa, Nectarinia, 232 fuliginosa, Pachycephala, 22 fulginiosus, Aegithalos, 58 fiilleborni, Cinnyris, 256 fiilleborni, Parus, 101 fulvifrons, Certhia, 426 fulvigula, Euthyrhynchus, 338 fulvigula, Timeliopsis, 338 fulvigularis, Euthyrhynchus, 339 fulviventris, Pachycephala, 20 fulviventris, Plectorhyncha, 339 fulviventris, Timeliopsis, 339 fulvocinerea, Ptilotis, 404 fulvotincta, Pachycephala, 19 fumata, Myzomela, 352 fumata, Ptilotis, 352 fumidigula, Lichmera, 345 fumidigula, Meliphaga, 345 fumigatus, Melipotes, 420 funereus, Melanoparus, 102 funereus, Parus, 102 fusca, Acanthochoera, 416 fusea, Certhia, 431 fusca, Meliphaga, 377 fusca, Nectarinia, 252 fuscicapilla, Timeliopsis, 339 fuscicapilla, Zosterops, 308 fuscicapillus, Philemon, 407 fuscicapillus, Tropidorhynchus, 407 fusciceps, Chlorocharis, 325 fuscifrons, Zosterops, 305 fusciventris, Meliphaga, 386 fusciventris, Xanthotis, 386 fuscoflava, Pachycephala, 20 fuscus, Cinnyris, 252 fuscus, Melidectes, 416 fuscus, Pitohui, 49 gabela, Parus, 102 gabonica, Nectarinia, 210 gabonicus, Anthreptes, 210 gabrielae, Plectorhamphus, 433 gaddi, Parus, 93 gaddi, Periparus, 93 gadowi, Nectarinia, 270 gagiensis, Pachycephala, 17 galenae, Aethopyga, 277 galliae, Aegithalos, 54 gambeli, Parus, 84 gamblei, Pachycephala, 10 ganongae, Myzomela, 362 garguensis, Anthreptes, 219 garguensis, Cinnyris, 255 garguensis, Zosterops, 330 garrinus, Parus, 81 garrulus, Merops, 440 gauensis, Zosterops, 314 gawlerensis, Lewinornis, 34 gayeti, Melanochlora, 123 geelvinkianum, Dicaeum, 190 genderuensis, Cinnyris, 256 genderuensis, Zosterops, 329 georgicus, Parus, 114 geraldtonensis, Meliphaga, 383 geraldtonensis, Ptilotis, 383 gerbei, Certhia, 150 gerchneri, Certhia, 151 germana, Meliphaga, 378 germana, Ptilotis, 378 germanorum, Meliphaga, 368 gertrudis, Cinnyris, 253 gertrudis, Nectarinia, 253 gigi, Anthoscopus, 68 gilbertii, Pachycephala, 11 Gilbertornis, 8 gilliardi, Melidectes, 416, 418 gilliardi, Parus, 95 gilolensis, Philemon, 406 gilolensis, Tropidorhynchus, 406 gilolonis, Pachycephala, 21 INDEX 467 grindae, Psaltriparus, 60 gippslandica, Meliphaga, 385 giulianettii, Meliphaga, 387 giulianettii, Xanthotis, 387 glaucogularis, Aegithalos, 55 glaucogularis, Orites, 55 glaucura, Pachycephala, 22 glauerti, Meliphaga, 374 Gliciphila, 426 gloriosae, Zosterops, 335 Glycichaera, 344 Glycifohia, 426 Glyciphila, 426 goliathi, Melipotes, 420 gonada, Glycifohia, 431 goodfellowi, Lophozosterops, 322 goodfellowi, Zosterops, 322 goodsoni, Colluricincla, 38 goodsoni, Pachycephala, 26 goodsoni, Pinarolestes, 38 gordoni, Philemon, 408 goruck, Certhia, 446 gotoensis, Parus, 109 gouldi, Glycyphila, 431 gouldi, Zosterops, 315 gouldiae, Aethopyga, 273 gouldiae, Cinnyris, 273 gouldii, Colluricinela, 41 gouldii, Meliphaga, 429 gouldii, Myiolestes, 41 gouldii, Phylidonyris, 429 gracemeri, Lichenostomus, 379 gracilis, Meliphaga, 371 gracilis, Pardalotus, 205 gracilis, Ptilotis, 371 graculina, Certhia, 399 graculoides, Certhia, 399 gradus, Melithreptus, 396 graefhii, Pachycephala, 30 graingeri, Ptilotis, 378 grandis, Rhabdornis, 161 granti, Cyanomitra, 227 granti, Meliphaga, 366 granti, Nectarinia, 227 granti, Ptiloprora, 413 Grantiella, 434 graueri, Cinnyris, 254 graueri, Nectarinia, 254 grayi, Nectarinia, 239 grayi, Zosterops, 305 gregaria, Zosterops, 307 gretae, Meliphaga, 367 468 INDEX grinnelli, Penthestes, 84 griseata, Colluricincla, 40 griseatus, Myiolestes, 40 griseiceps, Aethopyga, 275 griseiceps, Pachycephala, 17 griseiceps, Sittella, 147 griseigula, Euthyrhynchus, 339 griseigula, Timeliopsis, 339 griseigularis, Anthothreptus, 214 griseigularis, Anthreptes, 214 griseigularis, Entomiza, 399 griseirostris, Melidectes, 418 griseirostris, Melirrhophetes, 418 griseiventris, Parus, 100 griseiventris, Zosterops, 304 griseonota, Pachycephala, 35 griseonota, Zosterops, 317 griseotincta, Zosterops, 311 griseovirescens, Zosterops, 334 griseoviridis, Lichmera, 348 grisescens, Climacteris, 165 grisescens, Myzomela, 352 griseus, Lophophanes, 121 griseus, Parus, 121 grisiventris, Sitta, 131 grisola, Tephrodornis, 8, 12 Guadalcanaria, 366 guasso, Anthoscopus, 65 guerrerensis, Certhia, 155 guilloti, Penthestes, 83 guimarasensis, Aethopyga, 272 guimarasensis, Cinnyris, 272 guimarasensis, Pardaliparus, 95 guineensis, Cyanomitra, 226 guineensis, Nectarinia, 226 guineensis, Parus, 101 guisei, Ptiloprora, 414 guisei, Ptilotis, 414 gularis, Haematops, 397 gularis, Melithreptus, 397 gulliveri, Tephras, 311 gulliveri, Zosterops, 311 Gummyza, 423 Gunningia, 209 gurneyi, Promerops, 449 gutturalis, Certhia, 235 gutturalis, Chalcomitra, 224 gutturalis, Falcunculus, 5 gutturalis, Nectarinia, 235 gutturalis, Oreoica, 5 gutturalis, Turdus, 22 Gymnomyza, 423 gymnops, Melipotes, 420 Haagneria, 224 habessinica, Cinnyris, 260 habessinica, Nectarinia, 260 hachisuka, Cyrtostomus, 247 hachisukai, Leptocoma, 249 hades, Myzomela, 355 haematostictum, Dicaeum, 182 haesitata, Zosterops, 336 hageni, Sitta, 142 hahasima, Apalopteron, 3938 haigamchabensis, Zosterops, 328 hainana, Zosterops, 2938 hainanum, Dicaeum, 198 hainanus, Parus, 108 hakodatensis, Parus, 118 halconensis, Zosterops, 301 halitypa, Chalcostetha, 242 halmaturina, Anellobia, 446 halmaturina, Anthochaera, 446 halmaturina, Collyrioncincla, 44 halmaturina, Lichmera, 427 halmaturina, Meliornis, 426, 427 halmaturina, Meliphaga, 380 halmaturina, Pachycephala, 22 halmaturina, Phylidonyris, 426 halmaturina, Ptilotis, 380 halmaturina, Zosterops, 316 halmaturinus, Acanthorhynchus, 438 hamlini, Zosterops, 313 hanieli, Dicaeum, 194 hariabica, Sitta, 182 harmonica, Colluricincla, 42 harmonicus, Turdus, 43 harrietae, Aethopyga, 274 harrisoni, Sitta, 129 harrissoni, Arachnothera, 286 harterti, Certhia, 156 harterti, Entomyza, 399 harterti, Entomyzon, 399 harterti, Melanorhectes, 51 harterti, Myzomela, 352 harterti, Parus, 114 harterti, Pitohui, 51 harterti, Sitta, 129 hartlaubii, Nectarinia, 229 hartogi, Meliphaga, 374 INDEX harterti, Zosterops, 298, 305 hartertiana, Lophozosterops, 323 hartertiana, Zosterops, 323 hasseltii, Nectarinia, 236 hassica, Sitta, 129 haussarum, Anthreptes, 216 hautura, Notiomystis, 401 hawkeri, Cinnyris, 263 headlandi, Zosterops, 310 hecla, Zosterops, 311 hedleyi, Entomyzon, 400 Hedydipna, 209 heimi, Parus, 97 heinrichi, Lophozosterops, 323 heinrichi, Pseudozosterops, 323 heinrichi, Zosterops, 330 Helia, 324 heliobleta, Cinnyris, 244 heliocalus, Anthreptes, 213 heliocrita, Arachnothera, 283 heliogona, Aethopyga, 281 heliolusius, Anthreptes, 212 heliomanis, Cinnyris, 244 heliomarpta, Chalcostetha, 242 Helionympha, 223 heliophiletica, Aethopyga, 280 heliophilus, Arachnothera, 288 heliotis, Aethopyga, 279 heliozeteta, Cinnyris, 244 hellmayri, Anthoscopus, 67 hellmayri, Cinnyris, 260 hellmayri, Nectarinia, 260 hellmayri, Parus, 75 hellmayri, Poecile, 75 Hemiptilotis, 345 henkei, Cinnyris, 238 henkei, Nectarinia, 238 hensoni, Parus, 74 herbertoni, Faleunculus, 4 herbertoni, Meliornis, 429 Hermotimia, 2238 heurni, Pitohui, 50 hibernicus, Parus, 92 hilli, Eopsaltria, 24 hilli, Pachycephala, 24 himalayana, Certhia, 157 himalayensis, Sitta, 134 hindustanica, Nectarinia, 243 hindustanicus, Cinnyris, 243 hirundinacea, Motacilla, 195 hirundinacea, Sylvia, 175 hirundinaceum, Dicaeum, 195 469 hispaniensis, Sitta, 130 hispanus, Parus, 97 hodgsoni, Certhia, 152 hoerningi, Sitta, 129 hofmanni, Cinnyris, 263 hofmanni, Nectarinia, 263 holerythra, Rectes, 49 holerythrus, Pitohui, 49 holsaticus, Parus, 104 holsti, Parus, 113 homeyeri, Hyloterpe, 12 homeyeri, Pachycephala, 12 homeyeri, Sitta, 126 Homositta, 125 hondoenis, Sitta, 128 horsfieldii, Aethopyga, 275 horsfieldii, Cinnyris, 275 hosii, Dicaeum, 199 hovarum, Zosterops, 335 howei, Ptilotis, 380 howensis, Pachycephala, 23 hudsonicus, Parus, 87 humbloti, Cinnyris, 249 humbloti, Nectarinia, 249 hunteri, Cinnyris, 235 hunteri, Nectarinia, 235 huonensis, Meliphaga, 368 hybrida, Colluricincla, 39 hybridus, Pinarolestes, 39 Hylia, 208 Hylocitrea, 7 Hyloterpe, 8 hypermelaena, Parus, 75 hypermelaena, Poecile, 75 hyperrhiphaeus, Cyanistes, 116 hyperythra, Pachycephala, 13 Hypherpes, 124 hypochloum, Dicaeum, 183 hypochra, Arachnothera, 283 Hypocryptadius, 325 hypodilus, Anthreptes, 219 hypodilus, Nectarinia, 219 Hypogramma, 222 hypogrammica, Nectarinia, 222 hypogrammicum, Hypogramma, 222 hypolais, Zosterops, 297 hypolampis, Cinnyris, 237 hypoleuca, Pachycephala, 14 hypoleuca, Zosterops, 305 hypoleucum, Dicaeum, 185 470 Hypositta, 124 hypoxantha, Hyloterpe, 11 hypoxantha, Pachycephala, 11 hypoxantha, Zosterops, 308 hyreanus, Parus, 76 hyreanus, Poecile, 76 icterovirens, Zosteropisylvia, 290 idenbergi, Myiolestes, 39 idenburgi, Cinnyris, 246 idenburgi, Colluricincla, 39 idenburgi, Nectarinia, 246 idius, Anthreptes, 210 idius, Nectarinia, 268 igneiventris, Cinnyris, 251 igneiventris, Nectarinia, 251 ignicapilla, Diaceum, 173 ignicapilla, Prionochilus, 173 ignicauda, Aethopyga, 282 ignicauda, Cinnyris, 282 ignicolle, Dicaeum, 195 igniferum, Dicaeum, 193 ignipectus, Dicaeum, 196 ignipectus, Myzanthe, 197 ignita, Nectarinia, 198 ignotum, Dicaeum, 189 ijimae, Sittiparus, 118 ijimae, Zosterops, 291 iliensis, Parus, 110 iliolophum, Oedistoma, 342 iliolophus, Melilestes, 342 illex, Hyloterpe, 15 illex, Pachycephala, 15 ilsa, Pachycephala, 31 imitatrix, Meliphaga, 371 imitatrix, Ptilotis, 371 impiger, Parus, 83 implicata, Pachycephala, 31 inaestimata, Cinnyris, 235 inauris, Anthochaera, 448 incana, Certhia, 347 incana, Lichmera, 347 incerta, Gliciphila, 429 incerta, Myzomela, 436 incerta, Ptiloprora, 414 incerta, Zosterops, 297 incertus, Pitohui, 49 inconspicua, Lacustroica, 4384 incoronata, Anthornis, 444 indistincta, Lichmera, 346 indistincta, Meliornis, 426 indistincta, Meliphaga, 346 INDEX indistincta, Phylidonyris, 426 indochinensis, Parus, 108 inexpectata, Climacteris, 166 inexpectata, Guadaleanaria, 376 inexpectata, Meliornis, 429 inexpectata, Meliphaga, 376 inexpectatum, Dicaeum, 181 inexpectatus, Pardalotus, 207 inexpectatus, Prionochilus, 181 infima, Certhia, 158 infrenata, Cinnyris, 246 infrenata, Nectarinia, 246 infuscata, Myzomela, 357 ingrami, Melithreptus, 398 inkermani, Gliciphila, 432 innominata, Pachycephala, 25 inornata, Eopsaltria, 18 inornata, Meliphaga, 427 inornata, Pachycephala, 11 inornata, Phylidonyris, 427 inornata, Zosterops, 319 inornatum, Dicaeum, 187 inornatus, Parus, 119 inornatus, Philemon, 406 inornatus, Rhabdornis, 161 inornatus, Tropidorhynchus, 404, 406 insignis, Callisitta, 143 insignis, Parus, 101 insignis, Pentheres, 101 insperatus, Parus, 111 insubricus, Parus, 96 insularis, Aethopyga, 279 insularis, Cinnyris, 257 insularis, Meliphaga, 374 insularis, Melithreptus, 394 insularis, Nectarinia, 257 insularis, Parus, 94 insularis, Ptilotis, 374 insularis, Sitta, 136 insularis, Zosterops, 292 intacta, Pachycephala, 28 intensiflava, Arachnothera, 286 intensior, Anthreptes, 222 intensum, Dicaeum, 179 intercalata, Zosterops, 304 intercedens, Pachycephala, 24 interioris, Meliphaga, 382 interjecta, Pachycephala, 22 interjectus, Pardalotus, 208 intermedia, Anellobia, 446 intermedia, Arachnechthra, 248 INDEX A771 intermedia, Certhia, 158 intermedia, Dicaeum, 185 intermedia, Meliphaga, 376 intermedia, Nectarinia, 248, 253 intermedia, Neositta, 148 intermedia, Pachycephala, 30 intermedia, Zosterops, 303 intermedium, Dicaeum, 185 intermedius, Meliornis, 428 intermedius, Parus, 91, 99, 106 internotus, Anthreptes, 215 interposita, Chalcoparia, 215 interposita, Myzomela, 362 interposita, Rhamphocharis, 171 interpositus, Anthreptes, 215 investigator, Zosterops, 316° inyoensis, Parus, 84 inyoensis, Penthestes, 84 iouschistos, Aegithalos, 58 iouschistos, Parus, 58 iranica, Rupisitta, 141 irbii, Acredula, 54 irbii, Aegithalos, 54 iredalei, Aegithaliscus, 56 iredalei, Aegithalos, 56 iredalei, Falcunculus, 4 iriomotensis, Zosterops, 292 isag, Dicaem, 180 isolata, Aethopyga, 274 isopega, Arachnothera, 286 italiae, Aegithalos, 54 italicus, Parus, 73 itschangensis, Sitta, 131 iulus, Psaltriparus, 61 ivi, Ptilotis, 373 iwojimaensis, Zosterops, 292 ixoides, Ptilotis, 401 ixoides, Pycnopygius, 401 izzardi, Parus, 98 jacksoni, Nectarinia, 262 jacksoni, Zosterops, 330 jaliscensis, Certhia, 154 japonica, Aegithalos, 53 japonica, Certhia, 153 japonica, Zosterops, 291 japonicus, Remiz, 64 jardinei, Trichodere, 349 javana, Pachycephala, 19 javanica, Anthreptes, 209 javanica, Cinnyris, 209 javanica, Lophozosterops, 323 javanica, Sylvia, 323 jaxartensis, Remiza, 62 jefferyi, Aethopyga, 272 jefferyi, Eudrepanis, 272 jeholicus, Parus, 74 jitnikowi, Parus, 106 joannae, Zosterops, 295 jobiensis, Pachycephala, 17 jobiensis, Philemon, 409 jobiensis, Pitohui, 47 jobiensis, Rectes, 47 jobiensis, Tropidorhynchus, 409 johannae, Cinnyris, 269 johannae, Nectarinia, 269 johannae, Prionochilus, 174 johni, Pachycephala, 34 johnsi, Aethopyga, 278 johnstoni, Caloptilotis, 390 johnstoni, Nectarinia, 267 johnstoni, Philemon, 405 joiceyi, Melidectes, 418 joiceyi, Melirrhophetes, 418 jouardi, Parus, 77 jubaensis, Anthreptes, 220 jubaensis, Zosterops, 327 jubilarii, Pachycephala, 19 juga, Myzomela, 358 jugularis, Certhia, 245 jugularis, Myzomela, 363 jugularis, Nectarinia, 243 juliae, Arachnothera, 289 juliae, Nectarinia, 238 juliae, Nectarophila, 238 julietae, Colluricincla, 42 junior, Heleia, 325 junior, Pseudozosterops, 325 kabardensis, Penthestes, 74 kaboboensis, Parus, 103 kaffensis, Zosterops, 332 kagoshimae, Parus, 108 kakamegae, Cinnyris, 233 kalaotuae, Zosterops, 303 kalekreuthi, Chaleomitrea, 233 kalekreuthi, Cinnyris, 233 kelekreuthi, Nectarinia, 233 kampalili, Dicaeum, 181 kamtschaticus, Aegithalos, 53 kamtschatkensis, Parus, 79 kamtschatkensis, Poecila, 79 kandavensis, Pachycephala, 29 kandavensis, Zosterops, 318 AT2 kangrae, Lophophanes, 98 kangrae, Parus, 98 kansuensis, Parus, 109 kapustini, Parus, 106 karamojoensis, Hedydipna, 221 karelini, Parus, 105 karenensis, Aethopyga, 275 karimuiensis, Myzomela, 351 kasaica, Zosterops, 330 kasaicus, Zosterops, 330 kawamurai, Certhia, 153 keartlandi, Meliphaga, 380 keartlandi, Ptilotis, 380 keatsi, Certhionyx, 435 kebirensis, Lichmera, 349 kebirensis, Pachycephala, 32 kebirensis, Stigmatops, 349 keiense, Dicaeum, 195 keiensis, Cinnyris, 246 keiensis, Nectarinia, 246 kempi, Cinnyris, 257 kempi, Myzomela, 357 kempi, Nectarinia, 257 kempi, Philemon, 410 keniensis, Cinnyris, 255 kermadecensis, Prosthemadera, 449 kernensis, Baeolophus, 120 kernensis, Parus, 120 khamensis, Certhia, 152 kikutii, Zosterops, 293 kikuyensis, Cinnyris, 257 kikuyensis, Nectarinia, 256 kikuyuensis, Zosterops, 332 kilimensis, Nectarinia, 269 kingi, Colluricincla, 43 kingi, Creadion, 448 kingi, Melithreptus, 398 kingi, Pardalotus, 205 kingwalip, Xanthotis, 390 kinneari, Cinnyris, 260 kinneari, Melidectes, 418 kinneari, Nectarinia, 260 kinneari, Sitta, 139 kirhocephalus, Lanius, 45 kirhocephalus, Pitohui, 45 kirhocephalus, Vanga, 45 kirki, Zosterops, 331 kirkii, Cinnyris, 233 kirkii, Nectarinia, 233 kirmanensis, Parus, 76 kisserensis, Philemon, 406 INDEX kiukiangenensis, Sitta, 131 kiusiuensis, Aegithalos, 56 kivuensis, Cinnyris, 259 kivuensis, Nectarinia, 259 kiwuensis, Cinnyris, 265 kleinschmidti, Myzomela, 354 kleinschmidti, Parus, 79 kleinschmidti, Sitta, 128 klossi, Arachnechthra, 243 klossi, Nectarinia, 2438 klossi, Pachycephala, 16 klossi, Sylviparus, 124 kobayashii, Myzomela, 360 kodonophonos, Pitohui, 50 koelzi, Aethopyga, 275 koelzi, Sitta, 1383 kolymensis, Poecile, 86 kongboensis, Sitta, 1382 koratensis, Anthreptes, 215 koratensis, Chalcoparia, 215 koreensis, Parus, 118 korejewi, Parus, 72 korinchi, Zosterops, 301 koroana, Pachycephala, 30 kotkalensis, Cyanistes, 117 kotkalensis, Parus, 117 kruensis, Cinnyris, 225 kruensis, Nectarinia, 225 krueperi, Sitta, 140 kriiperi, Sitta, 140 kuanzae, Cinnyris, 250 kuatunensis, Parus, 94 Kubaryum, 320 kuboriensis, Daphoenositta, 148 kuehni, Dicaeum, 195 kuehni, Meliphaga, 389 kuehni, Myzomela, 356 kuehni, Pachycephala, 35 kuehni, Xanthotis, 389 kuehni, Zosterops, 309 kuhni, Dicaeum, 195 ktihni, Zosterops, 309 kulalensis, Zosterops, 332 kulambangrae, Zosterops, 312 kumagaii, Sitta, 128 kumusii, Meliphaga, 387 kumusii, Xanthotis, 387 kuranda, Bowyeria, 42 kurdistanica, Sitta, 141 kurilensis, Certhia, 153 kurilensis, Parus, 109 kurodai, Myzomela, 360 kwanhsienensis, Certhia, 152 kwini, Prosthemadera, 448 labradorius, Penthestes, 87 lacertosa, Sanfordia, 320 lacertosa, Woodfordia, 320 lacrimans, Ptilotis, 390 Lacustroica, 433 lacuum, Parus, 101 ladasi, Meliphaga, 382 ladasi, Ptilotis, 382 laeta, Zosterops, 298 laetior, Melithreptus, 397 lafargei, Myzomela, 362 lagunae, Dimaeum, 185 lagunae, Sitta, 138 lamperti, Cinnyris, 234 lamperti, Nectarinia, 234 Lamprothreptes, 209 lanceolata, Plectorhyncha, 4383 languidus, Parus, 113 lanioides, Pachycephala, 35 laotiana, Certhia, 159 lapponicus, Parus, 86 laterale, Dicaeum, 180 lateralis, Sylvia, 316 lateralis, Zosterops, 296, 315 lathami, Neositta, 145 lathami, Parus, 87 lathburyi, Nectarinia, 270 latouchii, Aethopyga, 276 lauana, Pachycephala, 29 lavertoni, Gliciphila, 429 lavongai, Myzomela, 354 layardorum, Dicaeum, 192 leachi, Myzantha, 440 leachi, Pardalotus, 203 leadbeateri, Ptilotis, 365 ledouci, Parus, 92 legendrei, Parus, 111 leichhardti, Pardalotus, 204 leilavalensis, Meliphaga, 382 leilavalensis, Ptilotis, 382 leoninus, Zosterops, 329 lepcharum, Parus, 111 lepida, Chalcoparia, 214 lepidota, Xanthotis, 389 Leptocoma, 223 Leptomyza, 423 Leptositta, 125 lessoni, Tropidorhynchus, 412 INDEX lessoni, Xanthotis, 386 lettiensis, Zosterops, 304 leucocephala, Neositta, 146 leucocephala, Sittella, 146 leucogaster, Cinnyris, 250 leucogaster, Faleunculus, 4 leucogaster, Nectarinia, 252 leucogaster, Pachycephala, 35 leucogastra, Pachycephala, 35 leucogenys, Aegithalos, 56 leucogenys, Melithreptus, 395 leucogenys, Orites, 56 leucomelas, Parus, 101 leuconotus, Parus, 102 leuconucha, Sitta, 135 leucophaea, Certhia, 165 leucophaea, Climacteris, 165 leucophoea, Parinia, 337 leucophoea, Speirops, 337 leucopsis, Sitta, 1387 leucoptera, Neositta, 147 leucoptera, Sitella, 147 leucorhynchus, Pitohui, 49 leucorhynchus, Rectes, 49 leucostephes, Melidectes, 417 leucostephes, Melirrhophetes, 417 leucosticta, Certhia, 154 leucostigma, Pachycephala, 7 leucostigma, Rhagologus, 7 leucotis, Meliphaga, 384 leucotis, Turdus, 384 levaillanti, Anthoscopus, 68 levantina, Sitta, 130 lewinii, Meliphaga, 372 lewinii, Ptilotis, 372 Lewinornis, 8 lewisi, Meliphaga, 375 Lichenostomus, 365 Lichmera, 345 lifuensis, Myzomela, 359 ligea, Sitta, 144 lilacea, Dendrophila, 143 lilacea, Sitta, 143 limbata, Lichmera, 346 limbata, Meliphaga, 346 limbata, Ptilotis, 346 limes, Certhia, 157 lineolata, Pachycephala, 34 lipferti, Meliphaga, 375 lisettae, Anthreptes, 222 lisettae, Hypogramma, 222 littayei, Pachycephala, 28 473 A474 littoralis, Parus, 88 lloydi, Oreoica, 5 lloydi, Psaltriparus, 61 lochmia, Pachycephala, 9 loennbergi, Parus, 76 loftyi, Acanthorhynchus, 438 loftyi, Melithreptus, 397 lombokia, Lichmera, 345 lombokia, Meliphaga, 345 longicauda, Melanocharis, 168 longipennis, Parus, 110 longirostra, Arachnothera, 282 longirostra, Certhia, 282 longirostra, Cinnyrorhyncha, 321 longirostra, Motacilla, 149 longirostra, Rukia, 321 longirostra, Sitta, 142 longirostris, Meliphaga, 370, 428 longirostris, Myzomela, 363 longirostris, Pachycephala, 24 longirostris, Parus, 72 longirostris, Phylidonyris, 428 longirostris, Ptilotis, 370 longirostris, Rhabdornis, 161 longirostris, Zosterops, 311 longmari, Anthreptes, 216 longuemarei, Anthreptes, 216 longuemarei, Cinnyris, 216 lonnbergi, Parus, 76 loochooensis, Zosterops, 292 Lophophanes, 70 Lophoptilotis, 365 lophotis, Meliphaga, 389 lophotis, Xanthotis, 389 Lophozosterops, 321 loppenthini, Sitta, 127 lorentzi, Pachycephala, 31 lorentzi, Ptilotis, 415 lotenia, Certhia, 243 lotenia, Nectarinia, 243 lotentia, Certhia, 223 loudoni, Remiza, 62 louisiadensis, Myzomela, 355 loveridgei, Cinnyris, 259 loveridgei, Nectarinia, 259 lowei, Cyanomitra, 226 lucidipectus, Nectarinia, 266 lucifer, Melidectes, 417 ludovicensis, Nectarinea, 255 ludovicensis, Nectarinia, 255 luehderi, Nectarinia, 257 INDEX lugens, Parus, 75 lugubris, Parus, 75 lugubris, Speirops, 337 lugubris, Zosterops, 337 liihderi, Cinnyris, 257 lumbo, Cinnyris, 252 lumholtzi, Faleunculus, 4 lumholtzi, Neositta, 146 lunata, Certhia, 395 lunatus, Melithreptus, 395 lundarum, Parus, 100 lunulata, Anthochaera, 446 lunulata, Certhia, 394 lushaiensis, Sitta, 134 lusitanica, Certhia, 156 lusitanicus, Parus, 92 lutea, Manorina, 441 lutea, Myzantha, 441 lutea, Zosterops, 310 luteirostris, Zosterops, 312 Luteozosterops, 291 luzonica, Zosterops, 300 luzoniense, Dicaeum, 196 luzoniensis, Muscicapa, 119 lynesi, Parus, 105 lyprum, Dicaeum, 183 mab, Ptilotis, 372 macedonica, Acredula, 55 macedonicus, Aegithalos, 55 macgillivrayi, Cinnyris, 247 macgillivrayi, Zosterops, 314 Macgillivrayornis, 344 Machlolophus, 71 mackloti, Dicaeum, 1938 maclaudi, Salpornis, 160 macleayana, Meliphaga, 389 macleayana, Ptilotis, 389 macmillani, Zosterops, 318 macphersoniana, Pachycephala, 10 macrodactyla, Certhia, 150 macronyx, Aegithalus, 63 macronyx, Remiz, 63 macrorhyncha, Pachycephala, 20 macrorhynchus, Pachycephala, 20 macularia, Tanagra, 52 maculata, Eafa, 171 maculata, Meliphaga, 349 maculata, Melipotes, 421 maculatus, Pardalotus, 173 maculatus, Prionochilus, 172 INDEX maculiceps, Melanocharis, 170 maculiceps, Sarganura, 170 madagascariensis, Zosterops, 335 Madanga, 321 madaraszi, Colluricincla, 39 madaraszi, Meliphaga, 388 madaraszi, Pinarolestes, 39 madaraszi, Ptilotis, 388 maderaspatana, Motacilla, 335 maderaspatana, Zosterops, 335 maeandrina, Colluricincla, 39 maeandrinus, Pinarolestes, 39 maforense, Dicaeum, 190 maforensis, Chalcostetha, 240 maforensis, Nectarinia, 240 magna, Acredula, 56 magna, Arachnothera, 288 magna, Cinnyris, 288 magna, Sitta, 144 magnifica, Aethopyga, 281 magnirostrata, Nectarinia, 231 magnirostratus, Cinnyris, 231 magnirostris, Melithreptus, 394 magnirostris, Neositta, 146 magnirostris, Zosterops, 310 magnus, Aegithalos, 56 mahrattarum, Parus, 106 majauensis, Zosterops, 304 major, Acredula, 55 major, Aegithalos, 55 major, Hyloterpe, 13 major, Myzomela, 361 major, Nectarinia, 267 major, Parus, 104 majuscula, Zosterops, 315 makii, Parus, 108 malacensis, Anthreptes, 211 malacensis, Certhia, 211 Malacirops, 290 Malacolestes, 45 malaitae, Dicaeum, 193 malaitae, Myzomela, 362 malayorum, Parus, 107 malindangensis, Aethopyga, 271 malindangensis, Arachnothera, 287 malindangensis, Hypocryptadius, 326 malindangensis, Lophozosterops, 322 malindangensis, Zosterops, 322 mallee, Gilbertornis, 11 A75 mallee, Melithreptus, 395 mallee, Ptilotis, 384 malloreae, Parus, 105 mandellii, Certhia, 152 mandibularis, Zosterops, 299 mangini, Aethopyga, 279 manipurensis, Aegithaliscus, 57 manipurensis, Aegithalos, 57 manipurensis, Certhia, 158 manoensis, Cinnyris, 253 manoensis, Nectarinia, 253 Manorhina, 439 Manorina, 439 Manorrhina, 4389 manueli, Cinnyris, 237 marchei, Cleptornis, 393 marchei, Ptilotis, 393 mareensis, Lichmera, 348 margaretae, Meliphaga, 367 marginata, Cinnyris, 246 marginatus, Cinnyris, 258 mariae, Anthreptes, 222 mariae, Dicaeum, 194 mariae, Hypogramma, 222 mariae, Nectarinia, 240 Maricornis, 224 mariquensis, Cinnyris, 263 mariquensis, Nectarinia, 263 marmorata, Ptilotis, 402 marmoratus, Pycnopygius, 402 masaakii, Parus, 119 masawan, Dicaeum, 180 massaica, Zosterops, 328 masukuensis, Parus, 103 Mattingleya, 8 maudeae, Lewinornis, 34 maudeae, Pachycephala, 34 maugei, Dicaeum, 193 mauritanica, Certhia, 156 mauritiana, Motacilla, 334 mauritiana, Zosterops, 334 maxi, Zosterops, 303 maximus, Toxorhamphus, 341 mayeri, Xanthotis, 387 mayottensis, Zosterops, 336 mayri, Ptiloprora, 414 mbuluensis, Zosterops, 332 mecynorhyncha, Cinnyris, 237 mecynonhyncha, Nectarinia, 237 media, Stigmatops, 346 media, Zosterops, 299 mediocris, Cinnyris, 255 476 INDEX mediocris, Nectarinia, 255 mediterraneus, Parus, 91 meeki, Anthreptes, 344 meeki, Melanocharis, 169 meeki, Myzomela, 352 meeki, Oedistoma, 344 meeki, Pachycephala, 35 meeki, Pitohui, 51 meeki, Pristorhamphus, 169 meeki, Zosterops, 307 meekiana, Ptiloprora, 413 meekiana, Ptilotis, 413 megarhyncha, Colluricincla, 37 megarhyncha, Muscicapa, 37 megarhynchos, Certhia, 156 megarhynchus, Melilestes, 340 megarhynchus, Ptilotis, 340 megastoma, Dicaeum, 183 Megazosterops, 320 meinertzhageni, Certhia, 150 meinertzhageni, Parus, 110 melanchima, Arachnothera, 283 melanetra, Aethopyga, 280 Melaniparus, 71 melanoceneon, Cinnyris, 250 melanocephala, Anthornis, 444 melanocephala, Gracula, 440 melanocephala, Manorina, 440 melanocephala, Myzomela, 362 melanocephala, Speirops, 337 melanocephala, Zosterops, 337 melanocephalus, Cinnyris, 362 melanocephalus, Melithreptus, 397 melanocephalus, Pardalotus, 206 Melanocharis, 167 Melanochlora, 122 melanodera, Philedon, 384 melanogastra, Nectarinia, 266 melanolaema, Meliphaga, 390 melanolaema, Xanthotis, 390 melanolophus, Parus, 90 melanonota, Pachycephala, 28 melanophrys, Manorina, 439 melanophrys, Turdus, 439 melanops, Certhia, 4380 melanops, Meliphaga, 385 melanops, Pachycephala, 29 melanops, Phylidonyris, 480 melanops, Turdus, 385 melanops, Zosterops, 317 melanoptera, Pachycephala, 28 Melanorectes, 45 melanorhyncha, Colluricincla, 40 melanorhyncha, Zosterops, 291 melanorhynchus, Myiolestes, 40 melanota, Climacteris, 164 melanotis, Manorina, 443 melanotis, Myzantha, 443 melanotis, Parus, 61 melanotis, Psaltriparus, 61 melanotis, Sitta, 134 melanoxantha, Pachyglossa, 179 melanoxanthum, Dicaeum, 179 melanozantha, Pachyglossa, 179 melanthe, Dicaeum, 183 melanura, Anthornis, 443 melanura, Certhia, 444 melanura, Climacteris, 164 melanura, Pachycephala, 24 melanura, Zosterops, 296 melanurus, Psaltriparus, 60 Meliarchus, 423 Melidectes, 415 Melidipnus, 340 Melilestes, 340 Melionyx, 415 Meliornis, 426 Meliphacator, 392 Meliphaga, 364, 425 Meliphagidae, 338 Melipotes, 420 Melirrhophetes, 415 Melithreptus, 394 melittae, Aethopyga, 274 Mellitograis, 403 mellivora, Certhia, 444 mellori, Meliphaga, 381 mellori, Ptilotis, 381 Melomyza, 350 meltoni, Ptilotis, 385 melvillensis, Colluricincla, 41, 42 melvillensis, Conopophila, 434 melvillensis, Lichmera, 347 melvillensis, Manorina, 442 melvillensis, Meliphaga, 378 melvillensis, Myzantha, 442 melvillensis, Myzomela, 356 melvillensis, Neositta, 147 melvillensis, Pardalotus, 207 melvillensis, Philemon, 411 melvillensis, Ptilotis, 378 melvillensis, Stigmatops, 347 mentalis, Pachycephala, 21 INDEX ATT mentoris, Zosterops, 303 mindanensis, Parus, 95 menzbieri, Remiza, 62 mindorensis, Hyloterpe, 13 meridionalis, Certhia, 159 mindorensis, Pachycephala, 13 meridionalis, Climacteris, 166 minima, Cinnyris, 236, 237 meridionalis, Melilestes, 422 minima, Nectarinia, 236 meridionalis, Myza, 422 minima, Zosterops, 302 meridionalis, Pachycephala, 16,22 minimus, Parus, 59 meridionalis, Pitohui, 47 minimus, Psaltriparus, 59 meridionalis, Rectes, 47 minnie, Melithreptus, 394 meruensis, Zosterops, 332 minor, Anthreptes, 225 meruloides, Timixos, 8 minor, Cinnyris, 233 mesoleuca, Dendrophila, 143 minor, Climacteris, 165 mesoleuca, Sitta, 148 minor, Pachycephala, 33 Mesositta, 125 minor, Parus, 109 mesoxantha, Zosterops, 295 minor, Rhabdornis, 161 mestoni, Pachycephala, 23 minor, Sitta, 130 metallica, Nectarinia, 221 minor, Turnagra, 52 metallicus, Anthreptes, 221 minor, Zosterops, 301, 307 metcalfii, Zosterops, 310 minulla, Nectarinia, 258 mexicana, Certhia, 155 minullum, Dicaeum, 187 mexicana, Sitta, 139 minullus, Cinnyris, 258 meyeni, Zosterops, 294 minuta, Ptilotis, 377 meyeri, Cinnyris, 245 minuta, Sylvia, 68 meyeri, Euthyrhynchus, 339 minuta, Zosterops, 315 meyeri, Hermotimia, 289 minutus, Anthoscopus, 68 meyeri, Meliphaga, 388 miosnomensis, Pachycephala, 17 meyeri, Myzomela, 354 miranda, Daphoenositta, 148 meyeri, Nectarinia, 245 misimae, Pachycephala, 25 meyeri, Pachycephala, 16 misoliensis, Colluricincla, 37 meyeri, Philemon, 404 misoliensis, Pinarolestes, 37 meyeri, Pitohui, 47 misoriense, Dicaeum, 190 meyeri, Timeliopsis, 339 mitratus, Parus, 97 meyeri, Xanthotis, 388 mixta, Meliphaga, 371 meyleri, Zosterops, 299 mixta, Phylidonyris, 426 michalowskii, Parus, 93 mixta, Ptilotis, 371 Microchelidon, 175 mixtus, Melidectes, 419 Microcinnyris, 224 mizunoi, Parus, 74 microleuca, Cinnyris, 244 mjobergi, Anthreptes, 212 Microphilemon, 403 mobii, Cinnyris, 268 Microptilotis, 365 modesta, Anthreptes, 287 microrhyncha, Cinnyris, 264 modesta, Arachnothera, 287 microrhyncha, Nectarinia, 264 modesta, Glyciphila, 432 Micrositta, 125 modesta, Pachycephala, 14 milligani, Lichmera, 347 modesta, Poecilodryas, 14 milligani, Neositta, 145 modesta, Zosterops, 336 millitaris, Pardalotus, 203 modestum, Dicaeum, 176, 185 mimikae, Conopophila, 434 modestus, Prionochilus, 176 mimikae, Meliphaga, 366 modestus, Ramsayornis, 4382 mimikae, Ptilotis, 366 modestus, Sylviparus, 123 mindanense, Dicaeum, 186 moebii, Nectarinia, 268 mindanensis, Cyrtostomus, 245 mohavensis, Parus, 120 mindanensis, Pardaliparus, 95 mohelica, Cinnyris, 250 A478 mohelica, Nectarinia, 250 Moho, 424 Mohohina, 424 Mohornis, 424 molinensis, Certhia, 154 moltchanovi, Parus, 92 moluccensis, Merops, 407 moluccensis, Philemon, 407 monacha, Pachycephala, 35 montana, Certhia, 153 montana, Meliphaga, 366 montana, Ptilotis, 367 montana, Timeliopsis, 339 montana, Zosterops, 300 montanus, Parus, 76, 85 montebelloensis, Zosterops, 310 monticola, Lichmera, 349 monticola, Pitohui, 49 monticola, Stigmatops, 349 monticolum, Dicaeum, 196 monticolus, Parus, 111 montigenus, Pardaliparus, 95 montigenus, Parus, 95 montium, Paramythia, 201 montium, Sitta, 131 moreaui, Cinnyris, 259 moreaui, Nectarinia, 259 moroka, Pachycephala, 14 mortoni, Neositta, 147 mortyana, Myzomela, 353 moultoni, Chlorocharis, 325 mouroniensis, Zosterops, 336 muelleri, Heleia, 324 muelleri, Nectarinia, 221 mugga, Zosterops, 318 miilleri, Heleia, 324 Mundavis, 366 mungi, Oreoica, 5 mungi, Ptilotis, 381 munna, Myzomela, 352 munna, Ptilotis, 383, 384 muraria, Certhia, 149 muraria, Tichodroma, 149 murchisoni, Colluricincla, 44 murchisoni, Pardalotus, 206 murchisoni, Ptilotis, 375 murphyi, Zosterops, 313 musarum, Arachnothera, 288 Muscicapidae, 3 Musciterpe, 8 Muscitrea, 8 musculus, Aegithalus, 65 INDEX musculus, Anthoscopus, 65 musgravi, Pardalotus, 204 musicus, Philemon, 392 mussooriensis, Aethopyga, 279 Myiolestes, 36 myponga, Meliornis, 427 myponga, Pachycephala, 22 mysorensis, Chalecostetha, 241 mysorensis, Zosterops, 308 mystacalis, Aethopyga, 281 mystacalis, Meliphaga, 429 mystacalis, Nectarinia, 281 mysticalis, Meliphaga, 161 mysticalis, Rhabdornis, 161 Myza, 422 Myzantha, 364, 439 Myzanthe, 174 Myzomela, 350 naevius, Philemon, 440 nagaensis, Sitta, 131 nakaokae, Sitta, 129 namiyei, Parus, 119 namwera, Cinnyris, 253 napieri, Neositta, 147 narmadae, Meliphaga, 345 natalis, Zosterops, 310 natorpi, Parus, 78 natunae, Aethopyga, 281 natunense, Hypogramma, 222 natunensis, Anthreptes, 222 natunensis, Charitociris, 173 natunensis, Prionochilus, 173 nea, Colluricincla, 39 nea, Meliphaga, 373 nea, Ptilotis, 373 nebulosa, Sitta, 1382 Nectarinia, 222 Nectariniidae, 208 nectarinioides, Cinnyris, 266 nectarinioides, Nectarinia, 266 neergaardi, Cinnyris, 257 neergaardi, Nectarinia, 257 neglecta, Certhionyx, 364 neglecta, Cyanomitra, 227 neglecta, Lacustroica, 434 neglecta, Nectarinia, 227 neglecta, Plectorhyncha, 433 neglecta, Poecile, 76 neglecta, Sitta, 133 neglecta, Zosterops, 301 neglectum, Dicaeum, 194 INDEX A7T9 neglectus, Anthoscopus, 63 neglectus, Anthreptes, 217 neglectus, Parus, 88 neglectus, Philemon, 407 neglectus, Tropidorhynchus, 407 nehrkorni, Dicaeum, 189 nehrkorni, Micropus, 119 nehrkorni, Parus, 119 nehrkorni, Zosterops, 306 nelsoni, Sitta, 138 Neneba, 167 Neoclima, 162 Neodrepanis, 208 Neophilemon, 403 neos, Myiolestes, 39 Neositella, 145 Neositta, 145 neositta, Climacteris, 163 nepalensis, 'Tichodroma, 149 nesaeus, Anthreptes, 211 nesiotis, Muscitrea, 12 Nesopardalotus, 202 Nesoptilotis, 365 Nesozosterops, 291 neuhausi, Pachycephala, 25 neumanni, Anthreptes, 217 neumayer, Sitta, 140 nevadensis, Parus, 81 nevadensis, Penthestes, 81 newtoni, Parus, 104 newtoni, Zosterops, 334 newtonil, Cinnyris, 229 newtonil, Nectarinia, 229 niasense, Dicaeum, 199 niasensis, Aethopyga, 280 niasensis, Arachnothera, 284 niassae, Chalcomitra, 231 niassae, Cinnyris, 250 niassae, Zosterops, 331 nicobarica, Aethopyga, 280 nicobarica, Zosterops, 295 nicobaricus, Zosterops, 295 niger, Certhionyx, 364 niger, Dicaeum, 168 niger, Merops, 424 niger, Parus, 100 nigeriae, Nectarinia, 269 nigerrima, Myzomela, 356 nigra, Certhia, 428 nigra, Cissomela, 436 nigra, Melanocharis, 168 nigra, Myzomela, 364 nigra, Phylidonyris, 428 nigrescens, Certhia, 156 nigrescens, Cinnyris, 232 nigrescens, Pitohui, 50 nigrescens, Rectes, 50 nigrescens, Zosterops, 317 nigricans, Anthoscopus, 64 nigricans, Certhia, 157 nigricans, Remiz, 64 nigricinereus, Parus, 102 nigrilore, Dicaeum, 180 nigriloris, Parus, 108 nigrimentum, Dicaeum, 199 nigripectus, Pitohui, 48 nigriscapularis, Hermotimia, 241 nigriscapularis, Nectarinia, 241 nigrita, Myzomela, 354 nigritergum, Ptilotis, 415 nigriventer, Poliositta, 144 nigriventer, Sitta, 144 nigriventris, Myzomela, 360 nigrogularis, Melithreptus, 397 nigropectus, Eulacestoma, 3 nigrorum, Zosterops, 299 nilgiriensis, Zosterops, 294 nipalensis, Aethopyga, 275 nipalensis, Certhia, 158 nipalensis, Cinnyris, 275 nipalensis, Parus, 107 nitidum, Dicaeum, 192 niveifrons, Pachycephala, 9 niveogularis, Acanthiparus, 58 niveogularis, Aegithalos, 58 nobilis, Gracula, 425 nobilis, Moho, 425 nodifrons, Merops, 411 norfolkensis, Zosterops, 316 normani, Caleya, 40 normani, Colluricincla, 40 normantoniensis, Melithreptus, 398 northi, Cormobates, 166 northi, Melithreptus, 398 norvegica, Sitta, 127 notabilis, Glyciphila, 431 notabilis, Lichmera, 349 notabilis, Phylidonyris, 431 notabilis, Stigmatops, 349 notata, Meliphaga, 371 notata, Nectarinia, 268 notata, Ptilotis, 371 480 notatus, Certhia, 268 Notiocinnyris, 224 Notiomystis, 400 nouhuysi, Melidectes, 416 nouhuysi, Melirrhophetes, 416 novaeguineae, Cinnyris, 341 novaeguineae, Philemon, 408 novaeguineae, Toxorhamphus, 341 novae-guineae, Tropidorhynchus, 408 novaeguineae, Zosterops, 309 novaeHollandiae, Certhia, 427 novaeHollandiae, Creadion, 448 novaeHollandiae, Muscicapa, 379 novaeHollandiae, Phylidonyris, 427 novaenorciae, Meliphaga, 384 novae-norciae, Ptilotis, 384 novaeSeelandiae, Merops, 448 novaeseelandiae, 448 novaHollandiae, Meliphaga, 448 novus, Rhagologus, 7 nubicolus, Parus, 110 nubigena, Certhia, 155 nuchale, Hypogramma, 222 nuchalis, Anthreptes, 222 nuchalis, Melidectes, 419 nuchalis, Parus, 111 nudigula, Pachycephala, 31 nupta, Lichmera, 347 nupta, Stigmatops, 347 nyassae, Anthreptes, 217 nyikensis, Nectarinia, 268 nymani, Myzomela, 351 nysorensis, Nectarinia, 241 oberholseri, Sitta, 138 obiensis, Pachycephala, 21 oblita, Colluricinela, 43 oblita, Zosterops, 313 oblitus, Anaimos, 173 oblitus, Prionochilus, 173 obscura, Anthornis, 443 obscura, Certhia, 157 obscura, Climacteris, 164 obscura, Colluricincla, 40 obscura, Manorina, 441 obscura, Meliphaga, 391 obscura, Myzantha, 441 obscura, Myzomela, 352 Prosthemadera, INDEX obscura, Nectarinia, 226 obscura, Ptilotis, 391 obscura, Rectes, 40 obscura, Sitta, 181, 141 obscuratus, Aegithaliscus, 58 obscuratus, Aegithalos, 58 obscurifrons, Dicaeum, 190 obscurior, Cinnyris, 245 obscurior, Nectarinia, 245 obscurior, Pachycephala, 32 obscurum, Dicaeum, 185 obscurus, Nectarinia, 226 obscurus, Parus, 114 obscurus, Pitohui, 46 obscurus, Rhagologus, 7 obsoleta, Zosterops, 329 obsoletum, Dicaeum, 177 obsoletus, Pardalotus, 177 obstinata, Zosterops, 300 obstinatus, Zosterops, 300 obtectus, Parus, 86 obtectus, Poecila, 86 occidentalis, Certhia, 154 occidentalis, Certhionyx, 364 occidentalis, Lichenostomus, 380 occidentalis, Melidectes, 416 occidentalis, Pachycephala, 21 occidentalis, Parus, 81 occidentalis, Philemon, 405 occidentalis, Ptiloprora, 413 occidentalis, Salpornis, 160 occidentis, Paramythia, 201 occidentis, Zosterops, 294 occultus, Sylviparus, 124 ochra, Aethopyga, 278 ochromelas, Melidectes, 416 ochromelas, Melirrhophetes, 416 ochropyrrha, Aethopyga, 280 octaviae, Cyanomitra, 232 octaviae, Nectarinia, 2382 ocularis, Glyciphila, 347 ocularis, Lichmera, 347 Oculocincta, 324 Oedistoma, 342 oenochlamys, Dendrophila, 148 oenochlamys, Sitta, 148 oenopa, Cinnyris, 237 ogawai, Parus, 109 ogilvie-granti, Anthreptes, 257 ogliastrae, Parus, 114 ognewi, Tichodroma, 149 ohsimensis, Zosterops, 292 okinawae, oleaginea, oleaginea, Parus, 108 Rukia, 320 Zosterops, 320 olinda, Climacteris, 163 olivacea, Certhia, 336 olivacea, Lichmera, 348 olivacea, Nectarinia, 226 olivacea, Pachycephala, 10 olivacea, Tephras, 312 olivacea, Zosterops, 336 olivaceum, Dicaeum, 187 olivaceum, Paramythia, 201 olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivaceus, olivacina, Anthophagana, 282 Cephalopyrus, 70 Cinnyris, 228 Cossyphus, 440 Cyrtostomus, 247 Parus, 119 Prionochilus, 172 Sittiparus, 119 Tephras, 313 Nectarinia, 227 olivascens, Oedistoma, 343 olivascentior, Xanthotis, 391 olivei, Cinnyris, 247 olympia, Cinnyris, 240 ombriosus, Parus, 115 omissa, Colluricincla, 41 omoensis, Zosterops, 327 opistatus, Anaimos, 173 optata, Pachycephala, 30 Oreocharis, 200 Oreoica, 5 oreophila, Zosterops, 309 Oreornis, 391 Oreosterops, 290, 321 orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, orientalis, Anthreptes, 217 Buphaga, 403 Certhia, 153 Climacteris, 164 Cyanistes, 114 Melanocharis, 169 Meliphaga, 368 Parus, 114 Philemon, 404 Ptilotis, 368 origenes, Zosterops, 301 orii, Parus, 118 orii, Poecile, 74 orii, Sittiparus, 118 oriochares, Zosterops, 301 orioloides, Pachycephala, 27 INDEX oritis, Cinnyris, 230 oritis, Nectarinia, 229 ornata, Meliphaga, 383 ornata, Nectarinia, 244 ornata, Pachycephala, 29 ornatum, Conirostrum, 69 ornatus, Auriparus, 69 ornatus, Cinnyris, 244 ornatus, Melirrhophetes, 420 ornatus, Pardalotus, 205 ornatus, Ptilotis, 383 Orodytes, 422 orpheus, Pachycephala, 19 orphnus, Parus, 99 orphogaster, Cinnyris, 258 orphogaster, Nectarinia, 258 ortoni, Myzantha, 441 osea, Cinnyris, 261 osea, Nectarinia, 261 osiris, Nectarinia, 263 ottomeyeri, Pachycephala, 26 ottomeyeri, Zosterops, 311 ouida, Stigmatops, 347 oustaleti, Nectarinia, 252 ovamboensis, Cinnyris, 263 owstoni, Aethopyga, 279 owstoni, Parus, 119 owstoni, Zosterops, 297 Pachycare, 6 Pachycephala, 8 Pachycephalinae, 3 Pachycephalopsis, 3 pachydemas, Poecilodryas, 51 Pachyglossa, 174 pacifica, Certhia, 394 pagense, Dicaeum, 183 pagicola, Chalcostetha, 242 pagodarum, Arachnothera, 288 palauensis, Cleptornis, 320 palauensis, Rukia, 320 palawana, Sitta, 142 palawanorum, Dicaeum, 188 pallescens, Anthoscopus, 66 pallescens, Colluricincla, 438 pallescens, Oreoica, 5 pallescens, Piprisoma, 176 pallida, Arachnothera, 283 pallida, Chalcoparia, 216 pallida, Glycichaera, 344 pallida, Manorina, 442 pallida, Melanocharis, 168 481 482 pallida, Myzantha, 442 pallida, Pachycephala, 33 pallida, Pardalotus, 203 pallida, Zosterops, 328 pallidiceps, Melithreptus, 395 pallidiceps, Philemon, 408 pallidigaster, Anthreptes, 218 pallidigula, Hypocryptadius, 326 pallidior, Myzomela, 351 pallidipes, Zosterops, 311 pallidirostris, Collyriocincla, 47 pallidius, Dicaeum, 185 pallidiventris, Parus, 104 pallidogularis, Zosterops, 307 pallidoir, Dicaeum, 185 pallidus, Anthreptes, 216 pallidus, Pitohui, 48 palmensis, Parus, 115 palmeri, Colluricinela, 38 palmeri, Myiolestes, 38 palniensis, Zosterops, 294 paloduro, Baeolophus, 122 paloduro, Parus, 122 palpebrosa, Sylvia, 295 palpebrosa, Zosterops, 294 palustris, Parus, 72 pammelaena, Myzomela, 356 panayensis, Pardaliparus, 95 panderi, Parus, 110 panopsia, Chalcoparia, 215 panopsius, Anthreptes, 215 papuae, Meliphaga, 369 papuanus, Philemon, 406 papuensis, Neositta, 147 papuensis, Pipra, 182 papuensis, Sitta, 148 par, Pachycephala, 20 paradoxa, Anthochaera, 447 paradoxa, Remiza, 63 paradoxa, Zosterops, 313 paradoxus, Corvus, 447 paraguae, Anthreptes, 212 Paramythia, 200 Paraptilotis, 365 Pardaliparus, 71 Pardalotinus, 202 Pardalotus, 202 Paridae, 70 parisi, Certhia, 157 parisi, Parus, 91 parryi, Colluricincla, 42 parryi, Pardalotus, 204 INDEX pars, Arachnothera, 287 parsoni, Climacteris, 163 parsonsi, Prionchilus, 172 partiaria, Sitta, 127 Parus, 70 parus, Melithreptus, 398 parva, Sitta, 140 parvirostris, Myza, 422 parvirostris, Nectarinia, 256 parvirostris, Parus, 89, 100 parvissima, Colluricincla, 41 parvula, Colluricincla, 41 parvulus, Aegithalus, 65 parvulus, Anthoscopus, 65 parvus, Zosterops, 299 passekii, Acredula, 55 passekii, Aegithalos, 55 patasiwa, Lichmera, 346 patasiwa, Stigmatops, 346 patersonae, Anthreptes, 220 patersoni, Anthreptes, 220 pattersonae, Anthreptes, 220 pattersoni, Anthreptes, 220 pauwelsi, Cinnyris, 257 pavuvu, Pachycephala, 27 pectorale, Dicaeum, 189 pectoralis, Cinnyris, 242 pectoralis, Cissomela, 436 pectoralis, Muscicapa, 22 pectoralis, Myzomela, 436 pectoralis, Nectarinia, 242, 244 pectoralis, Pachycephala, 19 pectoralis, Poecilodryas, 31 pectoralis, Zosterops, 300 pedunculatus, Creadion, 448 peguensis, Zosterops, 293 pekinensis, Parus, 94 pelengensis, Pachycephala, 21 pelloptilus, Anthreptes, 212 peloponnensius, Parus, 105 pembae, Cinnyris, 264 pembae, Cyanomitra, 227 pembae, Nectarinia, 264 pendulinus, Motacilla, 62 pendulinus, Remiz, 62 penicillata, Meliphaga, 381 peninsulae, Pachycephala, 18 Pentheres, 71 Penthestes, 70 Penthornis, 71 percussus, Pardalotus, 173 pereussus, Prionochilus, 173 INDEX Periparus, 71 periplecta, Zosterops, 303 perneglecta, Pachycephala, 18 pernigra, Certhia, 155 perplexa, Myzantha, 443 perplexa, Stigmatops, 346 perplexa, Zosterops, 314 perretti, Aethopyga, 281 persica, Certhia, 151 persica, Poecile, 76 persica, Sitta, 130 persicus, Cyanistes, 115 persicus, Parus, 115 persimilis, Anthoscopus, 63 personatus, Psaltriparus, 59 perstriata, Ptiloprora, 414 perstriata, Ptilotis, 415 perthi, Anthochaera, 447 perthi, Lichmera, 347 petersi, Aethopyga, 277 petersoni, Meliphaga, 390 phaeocephalus, Rhectes, 48 phaeonotus, Parus, 93 phaeopygium, Dicaeum, 192 phaeus, Turdus, 43 phaionota, Pachycephala, 13 phaionotus, Myiolestes, 13 Philanthus, 4389 Philemon, 403 philemon, Meliphaga, 388 philemon, Xanthotis, 388 Philemonopsis, 403 philippinensis, Arachnothera, 286 philippinensis, Hyloterpe, 15 philippinensis, Pachycephala, 15 philippinensis, Philemon, 286 Philippinia, 271 phillipi, Anthreptes, 219 phillipsi, Parus, 89 philomela, Hylocharis, 8 phoebe, Prosthemadera, 448 phoenicotis, Anthreptes, 216 phoenicotis, Nectarinia, 216 Pholidornis, 208 pholidota, Myza, 423 photina, Aethopyga, 280 phrygia, Xanthomyza, 436 phrygius, Merops, 436 Phylidonyris, 425, 426 phyllicus, Zosterops, 329 picta, Cinnyris, 245 picta, Conopophila, 435 483 picta, Entomophila, 4385 picumnus, Climacteris, 163 pilbarra, Pardalotinus, 207 pileata, Neositta, 145 pileata, Sittella, 145 pinaiae, Lophozosterops, 322 pinaiae, Oreosterops, 322 pinicolus, Parus, 91 pintoi, Nectarinia, 253 piperata, Ptilotis, 171 piperata, Rhamphocharis, 171 Piprisoma, 175 Pitohui, 45 placens, Climacteris, 166 planasi, Meliphaga, 379 planasi, Ptilotis, 379 planorum, Parus, 107 plateni, Cyrtostomus, 245 plateni, Hyloterpe, 12 plateni, Nectarinia, 245 plateni, Pachycephala, 12 plateni, Prionochilus, 174 platura, Hedydipna platurus, Anthreptes, 221 platurus, Cinnyris, 221 Plectorhamphus, 432 Plectorhinchus, 433 Plectorhyncha, 432 Plectrorhynchus, 432 pleoxantha, Arachnothera, 286 plesseni, Philemon, 408 plumbea, Psaltria, 60 plumbea, Ptiloprora, 413 plumbea, Ptilotis, 413 plumbea, Sitta, 141 plumbescens, Baeolophus, 121 plumbescens, Parus, 121 plumbeus, Psaltriparus, 60 plumigenis, Philemon, 407 plumigenis, Tropidorhynchus, 407 plumula, Meliphaga, 378 plumulus, Ptilotis, 378 pluto, Myzomela, 355 pluviosa, Pachycephala, 7 Poecila, 70 Poecile, 70 Poecilia, 71 Poeciloides, 71 poecilopsis, Lophophanes, 75 Poecilositta, 125 poeninus, Parus, 96 poensis, Cyanomitra, 229 484 INDEX poensis, Nectarinia, 229 poensis, Zosterops, 329 Pogonornis, 400 poikilosternos, Meliphaga, 389 poikilosternos, Xanthotis, 389 poliocephala, Glycichaera, 344 poliogastra, Zosterops, 331 poliopterus, Melilestes, 342 poliopterus, Toxorhamphus, 341 Poliositta, 125 poliotis, Glyciphila, 347 poliotis, Lichmera, 347 Polisornis, 175 pollostus, Anthreptes, 212 polyclysta, Cinnyris, 244 polyclysta, Nectarinia, 244 polygramma, Meliphaga, 388 polygramma, Ptilotis, 388 polyphonus, Melidectes, 419 ponapensis, Zosterops, 319 pontifex, Dicaeum, 185 porphyrolaema, Nectarinia, 239 potyi, Aegithalos, 54 practicus, Parus, 82 practicus, Penthestes, 82 praecipua, Ptilotis, 414 praedicta, Ptiloprora, 414 prageri, Parus, 93 prasina, Melanocharis, 170 prasina, Neneba, 170 prasinonota, Pachycephala, 10 prateri, Sitta, 133 preussi, Cinnyris, 256 preussi, Nectarinia, 256 prigoginei, Cinnyris, 255 prigoginei, Nectarinia, 255 prillwitzi, Arachnothera, 284 primigenius, Aethopyga, 271 primigenius, Philippinia, 271 primitiva, Myzomela, 352 princeps, Melidectes, 416 Prionochilus, 171 Pristorhamphus, 167 Proceriolotes, 392 procerior, Foulehaio, 393 procerior, Ptilotis, 393 Promerops, 449 proprium, Dicaeum, 178 proselia, Cinnyris, 248 proselia, Nectarinia, 2438 proserpina, Nectarinia, 239 Prosthemadera, 448 providentialis, Psaltriparus, 61 provocator, Foulehaio, 393 provocator, Ptilotis, 393 proteus, Pitohui, 47 proxima, Chalcostetha, 242 proxima, Ptilotis, 401 proximus, Pycnopygius, 401 pryeri, Dicaeum, 199 przewalskii, Sitta, 187 Psaltria, 59 Psaltriparus, 59 Pseudomoho, 424 pseudonymus, Microphilemon, 404 pseudonymus, Philemon, 404 Pseudorectes, 45 Pseudorhectes, 45 Pseudozosterops, 324 Ptiloprora, 412 ptilosus, Parus, 94 Ptilotina, 365 Ptilotis, 364 Ptilotula, 365 puguensis, Cyanomitra, 227 pujoli, Anthreptes, 218 pulchella, Certhia, 266 pulchella, Myzomela, 356 pulchella, Nectarinia, 266 pulchellum, Dicaeum, 197 pulchellus, Aegithaliscus, 57 pulchellus, Aegithalos, 57 pulcherrima, Aethopyga, 272 pulcherrima, Myzomela, 360 pulchrius, Dicaeum, 191 punctata, Pipra, 203 punctatus, Pardalotus, 203 punctifrons, Aegithalus, 64 punctifrons, Anthoscopus, 64 Purnella, 426 Purnellornis, 426 purpurascens, Parus, 101 purpureiventris, Cinnyris, 262 purpureiventris, Nectarinia, 262 pusilla, Sitta, 185 pusillus, Zosterops, 329 Pycnopygius, 401 pygmaea, Anthoscopus, 67 pygmaea, Nectarinia, 188 pygmaea, Sitta, 134 pygmaeum, Dicaeum, 188 pygmaeum, Oedistoma, 343 pygmea, Nectarinia, 188 INDEX pyrenaicus, Aegithalos, 54 pyrrhonota, Climacteris, 165 pyrrhoptera, Certhia, 426 pyrrhoptera, Phylidonyris, 426 pyrrhotis, Ptilotis, 388 quadragintus, Pardalotus, 202 quadricolor, Dicaeum, i81 quadricolor, Prionochilus, 181 quanzae, Zosterops, 331 queenslandica, Conopophila, 435 queenslandica, Pachycephala, 23 queenslandicus, Acanthagenys, 445 queenslandicus, Certhionyx, 435 queenslandicus, Meliornis, 427 queenslandicus, Pardalotus, 205 queenslandicus, Plectorhamphus, 433 quelpartensis, Parus, 109 rabbittsi, Para, 87 rabori, Rhabdornis, 162 raddei, Parus, 115 ragazzii, Eleocerthia, 226 ragazzii, Nectarinia, 226 raineyi, Helionympha, 263 raisulii, Certhia, 156 rajputanae, Salpornis, 160 ramsayi, Gliciphila, 432 ramsayi, Myzomela, 355 ramsayi, Neositta, 146 ramsayi, Zosterops, 317 Ramsayornis, 431 randi, Arachnothera, 284 randi, Pachycare, 6 rankinei, Anthoscopus, 67 rapinensis, Parus, 91 rara, Meliphaga, 366 raveni, Coracornis, 9 raveni, Pachycephala, 9 ravidus, Parus, 101 rayi, Parus, 84 Rectes, 45 rectirostris, Anthreptes, 218 rectirostris, Certhia, 218 regia, Cinnyris, 258 regia, Nectarinia, 258 regius, Acanthorhynchus, 4388 regulus, Anaimos, 173 regulus, Prionochilus, 173 reichenbachii, Nectarinia, 229 485 reichenowi, Anthreptes, 210 reichenowi, Cinnyris, 256 reichenowi, Drepanorhynchus, 270 reichenowi, Nectarinia, 256, 270 reichenowi, Pachycephala, 14 reichenowi, Zosterops, 830 relictus, Parus, 77 Remiz, 62 Remizidae, 62 remota, Arachnothera, 288 remota, Pachycephala, 16 remota, Zosterops, 294 remotum, Dicaeum, 177 remotum, Piprisoma, 177 rendovae, Zosterops, 312 rennelliana, Zosterops, 312 restrictus, Pardalotus, 208 restrictus, Parus, 80 reticulata, Meliphaga, 383 retrocinctum, Dicaeum, 182 rex, Machlolophus, 113 rex, Nesopardalotus, 202 rex, Pardalotus, 202 rex, Parus, 113 rex, Phylidonyris, 427 Rhabdornis, 161 Rhabdornithidae, 161 Rhagologus, 6 Rhamphocharis, 171 Rhamphozosterops, 320 rhenanus, Parus, 78 rhizophorae, Arachnechthra, 244 rhizophorae, Nectarinia, 244 rhodesiae, Anthoscopus, 66 rhodesiae, Cinnyris, 252 rhodesiae, Nectarinia, 252 rhodolaema, Anthreptes, 214 rhodopeus, Parus, 78 rhodopygiale, Dicaeum, 194 richardsi, Pachycephala, 31 richmondi, Zosterops, 300 ricketti, Sylviparus, 124 ridgwayi, Parus, 121 riggenbachi, Salpornis, 160 riordani, Pachycephala, 17 ripleyi, Aethopyga, 275 ripponi, Certhia, 158 robertsi, Anthoscopus, 67 robusta, Arachnothera, 285 robusta, Pachycephala, 25 robustirostris, Nectarinia, 246 486 robustus, Philemon, 406 roccatii, Anthoscopus, 66 rockefelleri, Cinnyris, 259 rockefelleri, Nectarinia, 259 rodorhyncha, Anthochaera, 445 roebucki, Colluricincla, 42 rogersi, Neositta, 147 rogersi, Pardalotus, 206 rogersi, Ptilotis, 375 romae, Dicaeum, 1938 romanus, Aegithalos, 54 rooki, Myzomela, 351 rosaceus, Aegithalos, 53 rosea, Mecistura, 53 roseilia, Sitta, 128 rosenbergii, Myzomela, 363 rosinae, Ptilotis, 382 rosseli, Dicaeum, 192 rosseliana, Pachycephala, 26 rossica, Certhia, 151 rossica, Sitta, 126 rossicus, Parus, 77 rosso-sibiricus, Parus, 91 rostrata, Ptilotis, 340 rotensis, Zosterops, 297 rothschildi, Anthoscopus, 67 rothschildi, Arachnothera, 284 rothschildi, Neositta, 146 rothschildi, Zosterops, 307 rovumae, Parus, 104 rovumae, Salpornis, 160 rubescens, Cinnyris, 233 rubescens, Nectarinia, 232 rubidiventris, Parus, 89 rubiensis, Meliphaga, 387 rubiensis, Pachycephala, 17 rubiensis, Pitohui, 46 rubiensis, Rhectes, 46 rubiensis, Xanthotis, 387 rubiginosa, Sitta, 130 rubinigentis, Chalcoparia, 214 rubrater, Cinnyris, 361 rubratra, Myzomela, 361 rubricapilla, Dicaeum, 181 rubricapillus, Aegithaliscus, 57 rubricatus, Pardalotus, 203 rubrigena, Anthreptes, 213 rubrigulare, Dicaeum, 191 rubrinota, Aethopyga, 273 rubritorques, Anthreptes, 219 rubriventer, Dicaeum, 181 rubrobrunnea, Myzomela, 353 INDEX rubrocoronatum, Dicaeum, 191 rubro-cucullata, Myzomela, 360 rubropygium, Dicaeum, 182 rubrotincta, Myzomela, 353 rufa, Certhia, 150 rufa, Climacteris, 164 rufescens, Parus, 88 rufescens, Stigmatops, 346 ruficollis, Madanga, 321 rufinucha, Pachycephala, 9 rufipectus, Parus, 93 rufipennis, Pachycephala, 17 rufiventris, Colluricincla, 44 rufiventris, Pachycephala, 32 rufiventris, Parus, 1038 rufiventris, Sylvia, 33 rufocrissalis, Melidectes, 417 rufocrissalis, Melirrhophetes, 417 rufogaster, Colluricincla, 41 rufogularis, Acanthagenys, 445 rufogularis, Anthochaera, 445 rufogularis, Conopophila, 435 rufogularis, Entomophila, 435 rufogularis, Pachycephala, 11 rufolateralis, Parus, 91 rufonuchalis, Parus, 89 ruki, Rukia, 320 ruki, Tephras, 320 Rukia, 320 rupicola, Sitta, 140 Rupisitta, 125 russicus, Panurus, 77 russicus, Parus, 77 ruthae, Anthoscopus, 66 Ryanornis, 431 sachalinensis, Parus, 80 Sacramela, 365 saffordi, Myzomela, 360 saisiuensis, Parus, 118 sakhalinensis, Sitta, 127 saleyerensis, Cinnyris, 245 saleyerensis, Nectarinia, 245 salicarius, Parus, 78 saliens, Nectarinia, 255 salimalii, Zosterops, 294 salomonseni, Dicaeum, 188 Salpornis, 159 Salpornithinae, 159 salvadori, Hylypsornis, 160 salvadori, Salpornis, 160 salvadorii, Cinnyris, 241, 268 salvadorii, Dicaeum, 194 salvadorii, Lichmera, 348 salvadorii, Meliphaga, 390 salvadorii, Nectarinia, 241, 268 salvadorii, Pachycephala, 14 salvadorii, Pitohui, 45 salvadorii, Ptilotis, 390 salvadorii, Stigmatops, 348 salvadorii, Zosterops, 297 samarensis, Prionochilus, 172 samoensis, Gymnomyza, 424 samoensis, Merops, 424 samoensis, Zosterops, 314 samueli, Meliphaga, 379, 380 samueli, Ptilotis, 379, 380 sanctaecrucis, Myzomela, 360 sanctaecrucis, Zosterops, 314 sanfordi, Myzomela, 360 sanfordi, Pachycephala, 27 sanfordi, Rhamphozosterops, 321 Sanfordia, 319 sanghirana, Anthreptes, 213 sanghirense, Dicaeum, 196 sanghirensis, Colluricincla, 37 sanghirensis, Pinarolestes, 37 sanghirensis, Prionochilus, 180 sangirensis, Chalcostetha, 239 sangirensis, Nectarinia, 239 sanguinea,-Meliphaga, 359 sanguinipectus, Aethopyga, 277 sanguinolenta, Certhia, 359 sanguinolenta, Myzomela, 357 sanguinolentum, Dicaeum, 194 saramatii, Parus, 90 sarasinorum, Myza, 422 sarasinorum, Zosterops, 301 sarawacensis, Pachycephala, 11 sarawacensis, Parus, 107 Sarcogenys, 392 sardus, Parus, 92 Sarganura, 167 sarmenticia, Zosterops, 331 sataensis, Parus, 118 satunini, Cyanistes, 114 satunini, Parus, 114 saturata, Aethopyga, 277 saturata, Cinnyris, 277 saturatior, Cinnyris, 235 saturatior, Meliphaga, 387 saturatior, Piprisoma, 176 saturatior, Ptilotis, 387 saturatior, Sitta, 142 INDEX saturatior, Sylviparus, 123 saturatus, Cephalopyrus, 70 savannae, Zosterops, 329 savannarum, Anthreptes, 216 sayana, Poecile, 86 sayanus, Parus, 86 saypani, Zosterops, 297 scandens, Climacteris, 165 schiebeli, Parus, 78 schillingsi, Cinnyris, 264 schistacea, Meliornis, 413 schistaceiceps, Dicaeum, 189 schistaceus, Pitohui, 51 schistaceus, Rhectes, 51 schlegelii, Pachycephala, 32 schoana, Zosterops, 332 schubotzi, Cinnyris, 254 schubotzi, Zosterops, 329 sclateri, Cyanomitra, 228 sclateri, Meliarchus, 423 sclateri, Myzomela, 361 sclateri, Nectarinia, 228 sclateri, Parus, 83 sclateri, Philemon, 423 Sclaterornis, 224 scotica, Lophophanes, 98 scoticus, Parus, 98 scotti, Zosterops, 329 scurrula, Aegithaliscus, 59 scytharum, Parus, 104 secedens, Pachycephala, 12 sedani, Pardalotus, 207 seebohmi, Parus, 74 seheriae, Aethopyga, 278 seheriae, Nectarinia, 278 seimundi, Cinnyris, 225 seimundi, Nectarinia, 225 semiflava, Zosterops, 336 semilarvatus, Melaniparus, 119 semilarvatus, Parus, 119 semperi, Zosterops, 297 senegalensis, Certhia, 234 senegalensis, Nectarinia, 234 senegalensis, Remiz, 65 senegalensis, Zosterops, 328 senex, Pitohui, 47 sennetti, Baeolophus, 122 sennetti, Parus, 122 seorsa, Melanochlora, 123 seorsa, Sitta, 128 separabile, Dicaeum, 177 sepik, Meliphaga, 367 A487 488 INDEX sepikiana, Pachycephala, 14 septentrionalis, Cinnyris, 261 septentrionalis, Meliphaga, 389 septentrionalis, Parus, 81 septentrionalis, Prionochilus, 172 septentrionalis, Toxorhamphus, 342 septentrionalis, Xanthotis, 389 sequestratus, Baeolophus, 119 sequestratus, Parus, 119 seranensis, Zosterops, 300 sericea, Meliphaga, 429 sericea, Nectarinia, 238 sericeus, Cinnyris, 240 setchuana, Zosterops, 293 setekwa, Dicaeum, 190 setekwa, Meliphaga, 367 sexuvaria, Pachycephala, 26 shanensis, Certhia, 159 sharpei, Aegithaliscus, 58 sharpei, Aegithalos, 58 sharpei, Anthoscopus, 67 sharpei, Meliphaga, 369 sharpei, Pachycephala, 20 sharpei, Ptilotis, 369 sharpei, Zosterops, 306 shaw-mayeri, Zosterops, 309 shelleyi, Aethopyga, 273 shelleyi, Cinnyris, 263 shelleyi, Nectarinia, 263 Shelleyia, 224 shellyae, Nectarinia, 270 sheppardi, Cinnyris, 265 shikokiana, Certhia, 153 shimokoriyamae, Aegithalos, 56 shortridgii, Zosterops, 315 shulpini, Penthestes, 79 siamensis, Dicaeum, 198 siamensis, Zosterops, 295 siberu, Aethopyga, 280 siberu, Chalcostetha, 242 sibirica, Sitta, 126 sibutuense, Dicaeum, 184 sibuyanica, Dicaeum, 185 sibuyanicum, Dicaeum, 185 siciliae, Certhia, 157 siciliae, Sitta, 1380 sicula, Acredula, 54 siculus, Aegithalos, 54 siculus, Parus, 73 sidsiukara, Parus, 109 sieboldi, Parus, 117 siemensis, Sitta, 133 silvana, Zosterops, 332 + silvanus, Zosterops, 3382 simalurense, Dicaeum, 199 similis, Ptilotis, 392 simillimum, Dicaeum, 191 simlaensis, Sylviparus, 123 simplex, Anthreptes, 211 simplex, Myzomela, 353 simplex, Nectarinia, 211 simplex, Pachycephala, 16 simplex, Ptilotis, 401 simplex, Pycnopygius, 401 simplex, Sitta, 142 simplex, Zosterops, 2938 simplicior, Anthreptes, 211 sindorensis, Zosterops, 301 sinense, Dicaeum, 187 sinensis, Sitta, 131 sinensis, Zosterops, 293 singalensis, Anthreptes, 214 singalensis, Motacilla, 215 siparaja, Aethopyga, 278 siparaja, Certhia, 280 siquijorensis, Pachycephala, 15 siquijorensis, Zosterops, 299 Sitella, 145 Sitta, 125 Sittella, 145 Sittidae, 125 Sittinae, 125 Sittiparus, 71 smithi, Zosterops, 327 smithii, Aegithalus, 68 sociabilis, Psaltriparus, 60 socotrana, Zosterops, 327 solangiae, Calositta, 143 solangiae, Sitta, 143 solaris, Nectarinia, 248 sollicitans, Dicaeum, 188 solombensis, Zosterops, 308 somereni, Anthreptes, 219 somereni, Zosterops, 3382 somovi, Parus, 96 songarus, Parus, 80 sonoroides, Meliphaga, 375 sonoroides, Ptilotis, 375 sonorus, Ptilotis, 374 sordida, Arachnothera, 283 sordida, Sitta, 126 sordidum, Dicaeum, 178 sordidum, Piprisoma, 178 INDEX sordidus, Philemon, 405 sordidus, Tropidorhynchus, 405 soror, Pachycephala, 16 sororcula, Pachycephala, 32 sororia, Nectarinia, 230 souimanga, Nectarinia, 249 sovimanga, Certhia, 249 spatzi, Certhia, 157 Speirops, 337 sperata, Certhia, 237 sperata, Nectarinia, 236 spilogaster, Meliphaga, 388 spilogaster, Ptilotis, 388 spilonotus, Parus, 112 spilonotus, Salpornis, 159 spinicauda, Pachycephala, 24 spinicaudus, Pteruthius, 24 splendens, Parus, 75 splendida, Certhia, 228, 265 splendida, Myzomela, 359 splendida, Zosterops, 312 splendidum, Dicaeum, 194 squalida, Pachycephala, 17 squalidum, Piprisoma, 176 squamata, Lichmera, 348 squamata, Stigmatops, 348 squamiceps, Chlorocharis, 322 squamiceps, Lophozosterops, 322 squamifrons, Oculocincta, 324 squamifrons, Zosterops, 324 ssaposhnikowi, Anthoscopus, 62 stachyrina, Lophozosterops, 322 stachyrina, Pseudozosterops, 322 stagnatilis, Parus, 72 stalkeri, Tephras, 321 stalkeri, Tephrozosterops, 321 stalkeri, Zosterops, 306 stangerii, Nectarinia, 232 steini, Climacteris, 166 steini, Meliphaga, 367 steini, Myzomela, 354 steini, Zosterops, 301 stejnegeri, Parus, 108 stejnegeri, Zosterops, 292 stellae, Anthreptes, 215 stenocricota, Zosterops, 329 stephensi, Myzomela, 359 stevensi, Climacteris, 166 stevensi, Meliphaga, 370 stictocephalus, Pycnonotus, 402 stictocephalus, Pycnopygius, 402 489 stictoptera, Oreocharis, 200 stierlingi, Cinnyris, 250 stierlingi, Zosterops, 331 Stigmatops, 345 stirlingi, Acanthorhynchus, 438 stirlingi, Falcunculus, 4 stirlingi, Ptilotis, 380 stoetzneri, Parus, 80 stoliczkae, Aegithalus, 64 stoliczkae, Certhia, 158 stoliczkae, Remiz, 64 Stomiopara, 365 Stomiopera, 365 Stomioptera, 365 stotzneri, Parus, 82 stramineipectus, Pitohui, 46 strangeri, Nectarinia, 232 strenua, Zosterops, 318 strenuus, Zosterops, 318 stresemanni, Certhia, 157 stresemanni, Dicaeum, 200 stresemanni, Lophozosterops, 323 stresemanni, Melidectes, 417 stresemanni, Melilestes, 340 stresemanni, Pachycephala, 13 stresemanni, Pseudozosterops, 823 stresemanni, Zosterops, 3138 Stresemannia, 340 striata, Mellitograis, 403 striata, Neositta, 147 striata, Pipra, 204 striata, Sittella, 147 striata, Whitlocka, 165 striaticeps, Lophozosterops, 322 striatissimum, Dicaeum, 178 striativentris, Melanocharis, 170 striatus, Pardalotus, 204 strictoptera, Oreocharis, 200 strigata, Colluricincla, 43 strophium, Cinnyris, 264 strophium, Nectarinia, 264 striimpelli, Zosterops, 329 stuhlmanni, Cinnyris, 254 stuhlmanni, Nectarinia, 254 stuhlmanni, Zosterops, 329 stupae, Parus, 107 styriacus, Parus, 77 suahelica, Cinnyris, 2638 suahelica, Nectarinia, 263 subaffinis, Pardalotus, 206 490 INDEX subalaris, Cinnyris, 253 subalaris, Nectarinia, 253 subalbipennis, Entomyzon, 400 subalbogularis, Melithreptus, 396 subassimilis, Meliornis, 427 subatrifrons, Zosterops, 306 subaurantia, Pachycare, 6 subcaeruleus, Sitta, 141 sub-chrysops, Ptilotis, 3879 subeollaris, Anthreptes, 219 subcollaris, Nectarinia, 219 subcorniculatus, Merops, 407 subcorniculatus, Philemon, 407 subcristata, Lophozosterops, 324 subcristatus, Lophozosterops, 324 subfamosa, Nectarinia, 267 subfasciata, Gliciphila, 482 subflavidior, Pachycephala, 17 subflavum, Dicaeum, 187 subfrenata, Meliphaga, 390 subfrenata, Ptilotis, 390 subgermana, Meliphaga, 377 subgermana, Ptilotis, 377 subleucogenys, Melithreptus, 395 subleucoptera, Neositta, 147 submagnirostris, Melithreptus, 394 submontainus, Parus, 78 subocularis, Glyciphila, 347 subpallida, Pachycare, 6 subrhenanus, Parus, 78 substriatus, Pardalotus, 206 subtibetanus, Parus, 110 subtuberosus, Philemon, 409 subviridis, Parus, 112 sudestensis, Eopsaltria, 18 sudestensis, Pachycephala, 18 suffuscula, Certhia, 487 suffusus, Remiz, 64 Sugomel, 364 sukensis, Cinnyris, 251 sulaense, Dicaeum, 195 sulaensis, Zosterops, 306 sulfureus, Parus, 104 sulfuriventer, Hyloterpe, 15 sulfuriventer, Pachycephala, 15 sultanea, Melanochlora, 122 sultaneus, Parus, 122 suluensis, Pardaliparus, 95 suluensis, Parus, 95 sumatrana, Chalcoparia, 216 sumatrana, Melanochlora, 122 sumatrana, Zosterops, 296 sumatranum, Dicaeum, 199 sumatranum, Piprisoma, 177 sumatranus, Anthreptes, 216 sumbanus, Philemon, 407 sumbavense, Acmonorhynchus, 176 sumbavense, Dicaeum, 176 sumbavensis, Zosterops, 303 sundevalli, Zosterops, 328 sunsunpi, Parus, 118 superba, Certhia, 269 superba, Nectarinia, 269 superciliaris, Guadalcanaria, 431 superciliaris, Lophozosterops, 323 superciliaris, Phylidonyris, 4381 superciliaris, Zosterops, 3238 superciliosa, Climacteris, 163 superciliosa, Colluricinela, 42 superciliosa, Poecile, 86 superciliosa, Woodfordia, 319 superciliosus, Acanthorhynchus, 438 superciliosus, Parus, 86 superflua, Colluricincla, 38 superfiuus, Pinarolestes, 38 supermontanus, Parus, 77 surda, Zosterops, 306 suschkini, Poecile, 79 sylviella, Anthoscopus, 67 Sylviparus, 123 syriaca, Sitta, 140 szetschwanensis, Parus, 90 sztolemani, Sitta, 126 tabarensis, Pachycephala, 26 tabuensis, Creadion, 392 tacazze, Certhia, 262 tacazze, Nectarinia, 262 tachycrypta, Colluricincla, 43 taeniura, Certhia, 157 tagulanus, Philemon, 409 tahanensis, Zosterops, 299 tailemi, Ptilotis, 383 taiti, Aegithalos, 54 taivana, Sitta, 131 taivaniana, Zosterops, 293 taiwanensis, Aegithaliscus, 57 INDEX A91 takahashii, Parus, 109 takahashii, Periparus, 94 takatsukasae, Parus, 94 takatsukasae, Sitta, 127 takatsukasai, Zosterops, 297 talatala, Cinnyris, 252 talatala, Nectarinia, 252 talautense, Dicaeum, 196 talautensis, Hermotimia, 238 talautensis, Nectarinia, 238 talifuensis, Aegithaliscus, 57 talifuensis, Aegithalos, 57 talyshensis, Certhia, 151 tanagra, Otagan, 52 tanagra, Turnagra, 52 tanamassae, Dicaeum, 183 tanganjicae, Chaleomitra, 230 tanganjicae, Nectarinia, 230 tanganjicae, Parus, 103 tanganyicae, Cinnyris, 261 tanganyikae, Cinnyris, 230 tappenbecki, Colluricincla, 39 tararae, Meliphaga, 387 tarihoae, Aegithalos, 56 taruensis, Anthoscopus, 66 tasmanica, Anellobia, 446 tasmanica, Anthochaera, 446 tasmanica, Zosterops, 316 tatibanai, Parus, 109 taurica, Acredula, 55 tauricus, Aegithalos, 55 taviunensis, Foulehaio, 392 taviunensis, Ptilotis, 392 teijsmanni, Nectarinia, 246 teitensis, Anthreptes, 220 telefolminensis, Pachycephala, 14 temminckii, Aethopyga, 281 temminckii, Nectarinia, 281 templorum, Parus, 107 tenebrosa, Pachycephala, 10 tenebrosus, Pitohui, 51 tenebrosus, Rectes, 51 teneriffae, Parus, 115 tenuifrons, Zosterops, 307 tenuirostris, Acanthorhynchus, 437 tenuirostris, Certhia, 437 tenuirostris, Sittella, 145 tenuirostris, Zosterops, 318 tenuis, Myzomela, 359 tenuissima, Sitta, 138 Tephras, 291 tephrolaema, Anthreptes, 218 tephrolaemus, Nectarinia, 218 tephronota, Sitta, 141 tephronotus, Aegithalos, 55 tephronotus, Orites, 55 tephropleura, Zosterops, 317 tephropleurus, Zosterops, 317 Tephrozosterops, 321 teraokai, Periparus, 94 ternatana, Zosterops, 300 ternatanus, Zosterops, 300 terraesanctae, Parus, 105 territori, Acanthagenys, 445 territori, Falcunculus, 4 Territornis, 366 tessacourbe, Muscicapa, 119 tetiparia, Zosterops, 313 teysmanni, Cinnyris, 246 teysmanni, Nectarinia, 246 teysmanni, Pachycephala, 19 thereseae, Nectarinia, 238 theresia, Hermotimia, 240 thomasi, Ptilotis, 384 thomensis, Nectarinia, 229 thoracicus, Pardalotus, 174 thoracicus, Prionochilus, 174 thruppi, Parus, 99 tianduana, Pachycephala, 33 tianschanica, Certhia, 152 tian-schanicus, Cyanistes, 116 tianschanicus, Parus, 116 tibetanus, Parus, 110 tibetosinensis, Sitta, 1382 tibialis, Pitohui, 48 tibialis, Rectes, 48 Tichodroma, 149 Tichodromadinae, 149 tidorensis, Pachycephala, 21 Timeliopsis, 338 Timixos, 8 timoriensis, Tropidorhynchus, 408 timorlaoensis, Philemon, 407 tinctum, Dicaeum, 177 tinctum, Piprisoma, 177 tinoptila, Aethopyga, 280 tischleri, Parus, 77 tomyris, Parus, 114 tongensis, Zosterops, 331 tonkeana, Cinnyris, 239 tonkinensis, Aegithaliscus, 57 tonkinensis, Aethopyga, 279 492 INDEX tonkinensis, Sitta, 133 tonkinensis, Sylviparus, 124 tormenti, Dicaeum, 195 tormenti, Pardalotus, 207 toroensis, Zosterops, 330 torquata, Pachycephala, 30 torquatus, Melidectes, 419 torringtoni, Ptilotis, 384 touraudericus, Parus, 118 toxopeusi, Neositta, 148 Toxorhamphus, 341 trachycoma, Timeliopsis, 338 trangensis, Aethopyga, 280 transpositus, Baeolophus, 120 transpositus, Parus, 120 transsylvanicus, Parus, 77 tranvancoreensis, Machlolophus, 112 travancoreensis, Parus, 112 traylori, Nectarinia, 225 tregellasi, Anthochaera, 447 tregellasi, Meliphaga, 436 tregellasi, Pachycephala, 10 tribulationis, Zosterops, 310 Trichodere, 345 trigonostigma, Certhia, 182 trigonostigma, Dicaeum, 182 trinitae, Chlorocharis, 325 tristrami, Dicaeum, 193 tristrami, Myzomela, 363 trivialis, Philemon, 409 trivirgatus, Aegithalos, 56 trivirgatus, Megisturus, 56 trivirgatus, Parus, 56 trobriandi, Colluricincla, 40 trobriandi, Pachycephala, 40 trochilea, Certhia, 199 trochileum, Dicaeum, 199 trochiloidea, Aethopyga, 274 trochiloides, Acanthorhynchus, 437 trochilus, Cinnyris, 237 Tropidorhynchus, 403 tsavoensis, Cinnyris, 264 tsavoensis, Nectarinia, 264 tschiliensis, Parus, 109 tschitscherini, Sitta, 140 tschusii, Parus, 73 tuberculatus, Merops, 411 tucopiae, Myzomela, 360 tudjuensis, Zosterops, 304 tunkanensis, Poecile, 79 turkanae, Cinnyris, 260 turkanae, Nectarinia, 260 turkestanicus, Parus, 110 Turnagra, 52 turneri, Parus, 80 tweedi, Manorina, 440 tyoosenensis, Periparus, 91 tyrrhenicus, Aegithalos, 54 uchidae, Parus, 108 uchidai, Dicaeum, 187 uellensis, Cinnyris, 258 ugandae, Anthreptes, 219 ugiensis, Tephras, 313 ugiensis, Zosterops, 313 uintaensis, Sitta, 138 ultima, Zosterops, 308 ultramarinus, Parus, 115 ultramontana, Certhia, 156 umboi, Philemon, 410 umbratile, Dicaeum, 197 umbrinus, Melanorhectes, 10 umbrosa, Melanocharis, 169 umbrosa, Ptiloprora, 414 umbrosa, Sitta, 138 underbooli, Ptilotis, 388 undulata, Certhia, 430 undulata, Phylidonyris, 480 unica, Zosterops, 296 unicolor, Dicaeum, 187 unicolor, Melanocharis, 168 unicolor, Meliphaga, 386 unicolor, Ptilotis, 386 unicus, Pycnopygius, 402 unisplendens, Nectarinia, 262 uralensis, Parus, 77 uralensis, Sitta, 126 Urocharis, 167 Urodrepanis, 271 uropygialis, Pardalotus, 207 uropygialis, Pitohui, 48 uropygialis, Rectes, 48 uropygialis, Zosterops, 305 ursulae, Cyanomitra, 228 ursulae, Nectarinia, 228 usambarae, Zosterops, 331 usambarica, Nectarinia, 256 usambaricus, Cinnyris, 256 utakwensis, Meliphaga, 391 utakwensis, Ptilotis, 391 utsurioensis, Parus, 118 utupuae, Pachycephala, 29 INDEX 493 vaalensis, Zosterops, 328 vagans, Arachnothera, 340 vagans, Melilestes, 340 valia, Cyrtostomus, 247 validirostris, Haematops, 398 validirostris, Melithreptus, 398 ~ valuensis, Zosterops, 318 vandepolli, Pachycephala, 12 vanheysti, Dicaeum, 198 vanikorensis, Pachycephala, 29 vantynei, Arachnothera, 283 varia, Certhia, 427 variegatus, Certhionyx, 364 varius, Parus, 117 varius, Turdus, 440 vatensis, Zosterops, 318 vaughani, Zosterops, 337 vaughan-jonesi, Cinnyris, 261 vauriei, Parus, 107 vegeta, Zosterops, 317 vellalavella, Zosterops, 312 venusta, Certhia, 250 venusta, Nectarinia, 250 venustulus, Parus, 94 veronica, Nectarinia, 241 veroxii, Cinnyris, 228 veroxii, Nectarinia, 228 verreauxi, Nectarinia, 228 verroxii, Nectarinia, 228 versicolor, Meliphaga, 375 versicolor, Ptilotis, 376 versteri, Melanocharis, 169 versteri, Pristorhamphus, 169 verticalis, Certhia, 231 verticalis, Nectarinia, 231 vicina, Cinnyris, 240 vicina, Meliphaga, 371 vicina, Ptilotis, 371 vicina, Zosterops, 295 victoriae, Acanthorhynchus, 438 victoriae, Aethopyga, 275 victoriae, Certhia, 159 victoriae, Climacteris, 164 victoriae, Colluricincla, 43 victoriae, Sitta, 134 vieirae, Parus, 92 vigorsii, Aethopyga, 278 vigorsii, Cinnyris, 278 villosa, Sitta, 137 vinacea, Mecistura, 55 vinacea, Myzomela, 354 vinaceus, Aegithalos, 55 vincens, Dicaeum, 179 vincens, Prionochilus, 179 vincenti, Cyanomitra, 226 vinitinctus, Melithreptus, 396 violacea, Certhia, 260 violacea, Nectarinia, 260 violaceum, Dicaeum, 191 violetae, Pachycephala, 24 virago, Melanocharis, 169 virago, Pristorhamphus, 169 virens, Zosterops, 333 virescens, Dicaeum, 187 virescens, Meliphaga, 345, 373 virescens, Melithreptus, 345, 373 virescens, Ptilotis, 345 viridescens, Rhamphocharis, 171 viridicata, Zosterops, 298 viridicauda, Aethopyga, 279 viridifrons, Meliphaga, 391 viridipectus, Pachycephala, 32 viridis, Gymnomyza, 423 viridis, Manorina, 439 viridis, Philemon, 399 viridis, Tatare, 423 viridisplendens, Cinnyris, 231 viridisplendens, Nectarinia, 231 visayanus, Pardaliparus, 95 visayanus, Parus, 95 visi, Meliphaga, 387 visi, Ptilotis, 387 vitiensis, Pachycephala, 29 voeltzkowi, Nectarinia, 268 voeltzkowi, Zosterops, 335 voltzkowi, Cinnyris, 268 voltzkowi, Zosterops, 335 Vosea, 421 vulcani, Zosterops, 301 vuleanorum, Cinnyris, 230 vulcanorum, Nectarinia, 267 vulgaris, Meliphaga, 376 vulnerata, Myzomela, 363 vulnerata, Nectarinia, 363 vulneratum, Dicaeum, 189 waddelli, Lewinornis, 34 wagneri, Parus, 114 wahgiensis, Myzomela, 363 wahgiensis, Neositta, 147 wahgiensis, Zosterops, 309 waigeuense, Oedistoma, 343 waigeuensis, Pachycephala, 17 waitei, Climacteris, 164 494 wakoloensis, Myzomela, 358 waldroni, Anthoscopus, 65 walgetti, Ptilotis, 374 wallacei, Zosterops, 302 wandamensis, Pitohui, 51 warreni, Zosterops, 315 wasatchensis, Parus, 85 waschanensis, Certhia, 152 watsoni, Tropidorhynchus, 412 watsoni, Xanthotis, 388 wayensis, Myzantha, 441 wei, Acanthagenys, 445 weigoldi, Parus, 80, 97 weigoldicus, Parus, 80 weiskei, Climacteris, 166 wellsi, Climacteris, 165 wellsi, Parus, 98 wesleydalei, Ptilotis, 383 westernensis, Dacnis, 316 westernensis, Dyottornis, 448 westernensis, Gliciphila, 430 westralensis, Oreoica, 5 westraliensis, Myzomela, 364 westraliensis, Pardalotus, 206 westwoodia, Meliphaga, 374 westwoodia, Ptilotis, 374 wetmorei, Myzomela, 361 wetmorei, Zosterops, 299 wetterensis, Pachycephala, 19 whistleri, Nectarinia, 236 whistleri, Parus, 90 whistleri, Sitta, 134 whiteheadi, Dicaeum, 182 whiteheadi, Hyloterpe, 12 whiteheadi, Sitta, 136 whiteheadi, Zosterops, 300 whitei, Colluricinela, 44 whitei, Conopophila, 434 whitei, Falcunculus, 4 whitei, Lacustroica, 484 whitei, Myzantha, 440 whitei, Ptilotis, 381 whitei, Tephras, 344 whitemanensis, Vosea, 421 whiteorum, Sacramela, 381 Whitlocka, 162 whitlocki, Melithreptus, 396 whitlocki, Neositta, 145 whitlocki, Pardalotus, 2038 whitneyi, Pachycephala, 26 whytei, Cinnyris, 255 whytei, Nectarinia, 255 INDEX wigglesworthi, Nectarinia, 239 wiglesworthi, Anthreptes, 212 wilhelminae, Dicaeum, 194 williamsoni, Zosterops, 295 wilsoni, Acanthorhynchus, 4388 wilsoni, Myzantha, 443 winchelli, Hyloterpe, 138 winchelli, Pachycephala, 138 winifredae, Zosterops, 333 winterbottomi, Anthoscopus, 67 wladiwostokensis, Parus, 109 wollweberi, Lophophanes, 89 wollweberi, Parus, 89 Woodfordia, 319 woodi, Cyrtostomus, 245 woodi, Nectarinia, 245 woodwardi, Anthochaera, 447 woodwardi, Colluricinela, 44 woolundra, Acanthogenys, 445 woolundra, Nesoptilotis, 384 wrayi, Aethopyga, 278 wuroi, Colluricincla, 38 wuroi, Myiolestes, 38 wuroi, Zosterops, 309 wyndhami, Ptilotis, 378 xanthetraea, Muscicapa, 34 xanthetraea, Pachycephala, 34 xanthochroa, Zosterops, 315 xanthogenys, Parus, 112 Xanthomiza, 436 Xanthomyza, 4385 xanthonotus, Parus, 112 xanthoprocta, Pachycephala, 238 xanthopygium, Dicaeum, 185 xanthopygius, Prionochilus, 174 xanthopygus, Pardalotus, 203 xanthostomus, Parus, 101 Xanthotis, 365 xerophila, Zosterops, 334 yakushimensis, Parus, 118 yalensis, Zosterops, 330 yarra, Manorina, 440 yarra, Ptilotis, 386 yenisseensis, Parus, 116 yeniseensis, Remiza, 63 yesoensis, Zosterops, 291 yokanae, Anthreptes, 210 yonakuni, Zosterops, 292 yorki, Certhionyx, 434 yorki, Dicaeum, 195 yorki, Lichmera, 346 yorki, Melithreptus, 396 yorki, Pardalotus, 204 yorki, Philemon, 410 youngi, Pachycephala, 22 yunnanensis, Certhia, 158 yunnanensis, Parus, 111 yunnanensis, Sitta, 136 zachlora, Zosterops, 303 zaleptus, Baeolophus, 120 zaleptus, Parus, 120 zamba, Colluricinela, 44 zambesiana, Anthodiaeta, 220 zambesianus, Anthreptes, 220 zamboanga, Rhabdornis, 162 zamboanga, Sitta, 143 zanda, Gilbertornis, 11 zanda, Meliphaga, 377 zanda, Ptilotis, 377 Zanthomiza, 435 Zanthomyza, 436 INDEX 495 zanzibarica, Chalcomitra, 228 zanzibarica, Nectarinia, 228 zapega, Cinnyris, 244 zarda, Ptilotis, 380 zarhina, Arachnothera, 283 zarudnyi, Sitta, 140 zayrossiensis, Parus, 105 zelotes, Certhia, 154 zenobia, Cinnyris, 246 zeylonica, Certhia, 236 zeylonica, Nectarinia, 236 zeylonicum, Dicaeum, 176 zeylonicum, Piprisoma, 176 ziaratensis, Parus, 106 zita, Dicaeum, 196 zonarius, Cinnyris, 253 Zosteropidae, 289 Zosteropisylvia, 290 Zosterops, 290, 327 zuluensis, Anthodiaeta, 221 zuluensis, Anthreptes, 221 aes ne fv Al oss a fio tips € } ( i 4 j § f aoa marti f 83-2044 062 548 631 oe ar ee Sa aa ee ee eae feenaranersineness UAE ee Pen RPE RTS Oa te easing sane oe Sie : sates 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