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Room $03

CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME II

LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS —

CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME II

BY

JAMES LEE PETERS
ae

CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1934

COPYRIGHT, 1934
BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE

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PRINTED AT THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A.
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INTRODUCTION

THERE is little to add by way of explanation to the second
volume that is not mentioned in the introduction to the first.
In response to a general demand I have given the vernacular
names of families in the table of contents, but still adhere
to my original stand that inventing common English names
for birds that do not have them is a waste of time. After all,
the primary reason for a scientific name is to have a name
intelligible to scientists the world over.

In the last two or three years there have been many
changes in geographic names, changes ranging from slight
variations of familiar spellings, to entirely different names
from those previously in use in English-speaking countries.
It is quite obvious that practical reasons forbid the adoption
in this volume of all these changes en masse. Particularly in
the names of small countries and dependencies the new
names and spelling are rapidly coming into general use;
Iraq for Mesopotamia, Ethiopia for Abyssinia, are examples.
On the other hand there are changes in names of which geog-
raphers are aware, but which, so far as the average person is
concerned, have not taken place. I therefore feel that it is
better to use names with which ornithologists in general are
familiar rather than to attempt to be up to date. For this
reason I continue to use such well known names as Caucasus
Mountains, Turkestan and Kurile Islands rather than
Kavkaeski Khrebet, Uzbek and Chishima.

No new forms have been included that were described
later than December 31, 1932, nor has it been possible to
avail myself of radical revisionary work published since that
date. The manuscript was completed early in 1933 and was
then revised to take advantage of everything possible in the
literature for 1932. It was turned over to the publishers late

vl INTRODUCTION

in April, 1933, but due to contingencies over which neither
the Press nor the author had any control, the actual work of
putting the volume into type was not begun until about the
first of September.

It is a constant regret that the aid and advice so freely
given by Outram Bangs and Charles W. Richmond is no
more. Throughout the preparation of the first volume and
during the first half of this one I relied greatly on their
counsel in matters taxonomic and nomenclatural.

As before, I have much assistance and encouragement to
acknowledge. Dr. Thomas Barbour’s assurance has made
possible the work on this volume and the third volume now
underway. Portions of the manuscript were submitted to
various authorities: Mr. Stuart Baker commented on Gen-
naeus, Dr. Nelson on Colinus, Prof. Neumann on Franco-
linus, Porphyrio and the Otidae, Dr. Stresemann on Mega-
podius, Dr. Stegmann on Tetrao and Lagopus. Proofs have
been read in whole or in part by Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker,
Mr. D. A. Bannerman, Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Dr. J. P.
Chapin, Mr. H. B. Conover, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Mr.
N. B. Kinnear, Dr. Ernst Mayr, Dr. R. C. Murphy, Prof.
Oscar Neumann, Mr. J. H. Riley, Dr. W. L. Sclater, Dr.
Friedrich Steinbacher, Dr. Erwin Stresemann, Dr. C. B.
Ticehurst, Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Mr. J. T. Zimmer;
some of the early galleys were scrutinized by the late Dr.
Ernst Hartert. Mrs. Peters spent many long, tedious eve-
nings helping me with the proof.

For the loan of necessary material I have to thank the
authorities of the American Museum of Natural History,
Carnegie Museum, Field Museum of Natural History and
the United States National Museum, as well as Mr. H. B.
Conover for lending specimens from his private collection.

Thanks to a grant from the Milton Fund it was possible
to secure the experienced assistance of Mrs. R. E. Bowen for
typing the greater part of the manuscript and preparing the
index.

INTRODUCTION Vil

I have personally verified the greater proportion of the ref-
erences cited and a number more were checked at my request;
thus with a few exceptions nearly every reference has been
specially verified for this volume and not taken second hand.
Some of the references in texts not available to me were
verified by a number of the gentlemen to whom proofs were
submitted; others were verified by Count Nils Gyldenstolpe,
Dr. Nagamichi Kuroda and Dr. Leonhard Stejneger; once
more I am indebted to Mr. Thomas E. Penard for access to
his private library.

Jee: 2:

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
14 March, 1934

CONTENTS

DRDO CATETRORMES) oii G0 Ue clei cut Net Daan eR ACE AU atl Dhl A 3
SEORD MR GATT A UW KON TSBs Ad Hans Maa AMR ECLA HTC uM al i 3
Superramily, Cracoideaaoi eh ih sveu Mee uyad mma gec ned Mr | MAN GG ce 3
Family Megapodiidae, Megapodes .......... 3
Genus Megapodius Garmand ian iis Vel vie le) ae 3
Hulipoa Ogtlire-Grantanenanie i eis yo yaiinn le 7

TEeipoa Gow lay W ane Me MIN Neila CCN athe 7

Alectura Ties’ WAM MMMM Delle Ne) 8 Viel) lal ola 7
PalegallawLesson wien yanponenno\ ti lc Shi ais g

Fipy pods Ousialeh wise aetna ha aie 8
Macrocephalon’S:) Mallet oy) 0. 2 3. 9

Hamily, Gallinuloididae, Gossil) Wey ae Nasi ie) ail) 9
Family Cracidae, Curassows, Guans, Chachalacas ... 9
Genus) Nothocrax Bunmeisten ais iss 1a .s ses 9
Mia Gin bes Sari is sul WAC en late ANRIE a cd 9

Pax Hemmiiek ine nveiiy is itanlay tea el bret \e 10

Cr ax: LAUT 6) BU ese RNR LU ae e eesti 10
PeneloperMenremia i ai ieinn ym) Val) s Negri iea tenes ss 12

Ortalis Verney wey evo NS aliens ales Beats 16
Penelopimaivetchenbach) a8 2) 2.) a et he 21
ChamaepetestWiaglen ain i. en rs en ee 21
Pipilensomapante nen wean oie: ae enya eee 22
AburraeichenDacnimm mia scons sent 23
OreophasisiG a. Gnaayiyys i.) syle tdnen eens 24
Superfamily Phasianowdea ways tiny ested ic. or ae renal tol 36 24
Family Tetraonidae, Grouse, Ptarmigan ....... 24
GenusiMetraovan eye (ei) i ae ea aa 24

UV TUTUS SWOUSOT Wy ides )'s Unliad Suemealaoee 26
DendragapusvHUcaty i wing Wi nhac ntened bs 28

MAC OPUSEETISSOTO CMMI aN <M aMouveN eyed 29
CanachitestStejnegen i ie yaya enone 36
Haleipenmis ie Toi lal einige Sal aban) uli 36

Tetrastes Keyserling and Blasius. ..... 37

Bonasa Stephenssy | \iilaiitaiyay ae tanya icity ost 39
Pedioecetesbaard) (iia Havens eles) a 40
hympanuchws\Glogen iain ciae ie lala las 41
Centrocercusy Swainson in) Ww GNen eas) bee 41
Bamilyabhastamicdae kisi adie) iikeulen) cea vom eeueu nell ay 42
Subfamily Odontophorinae, American Quail... . . 42
Genus Dendrortyx Gould iY Uae ali iit 42
Oreortyea arid \\)) 60 asa um ise) 0 43

Callipepla i Waglen \ citi iy wae eI he lhe di

CONTENTS

Lophortyx1bonapanteren.)) ise nn eee 44
PhilortyxiGoula saya ah is We Vea) aan 46
Colinus!Goldfussieanem ise 2) 46
OdontophorusiVeetlatern) 10) 9) ane ee 51
DactylortyxiOgiive-Grant © Vous) eee 56
Cyrtonyx Gould mis i ek net 57
Rhynchortyx Ogilme-Grant.,.. 2 eee 58
Subfamily Phasianinae, Partridges, Quails, Pheasants. 58.
Genus LerwaiEodgsoriy is iis ae) SE ne ee 58
AmmoperdixiGovuld Pilea) so), ene 59
Tetraogallusi sa vHa Gronien \il sa) eee 60
Tetraophasis HlzoL ae). see 62
Alectoris 2a21g0 ie eae) 5/0). ae 62
Anurophasisivan Oontya en ey) 2) eae 68
FrancolimusySiepicer'siene 2 ey) 201). e ee 68
Pternistis |Wiagler ina tail.) 0), Na 84
Perdix Brisson ee ee eee 87
RhizotheraiG ven Grayoree ey ean eee 90
Margaroperdix(Rechenbach )).). 7). eae 91
Melanoperdixidiend@n tie yay sc see) 91
Coturnix Bonnaterre eens) =) ee 91
Synoicus 'Gowld as Oe a) 94
Excaliactonasbonapantes) 2). 1. 2 aa eee 95
‘Perdicula Hodgsan/2 yiavs75, 4) See 97
Cryptoplectron)Streubeljays. 2) 5 2 eee 97
Arborophila Hodgson) 2a 2) 0/5) eee 98
TropicoperdixiBlythy) | Avani) ae 102
CaloperdixvBlyth eo) ei. na 103
Haematortyx Sharpe. kel. 2 2 eee 104
Rollulus Bonnaterre')) 218)" 4) eee 104
Philopachuseswainson, 29.2.2 ee 104
Bambusicola Gould. -o0 0. 3) ee 105
Galloperdixwstythi sy) Wiis Vey Ch) oe 106
OphrysiavBonaparte iy 2). See 107
IthagimisWragler))) se ) 0) ee 107
Tracopams@uaier ial ai a Al Neen ee 109
Lophophonis\Vemminek 3 — ea) “eee 110
Crossoptilony Hodgson) (yt) jc) soe eee 110
GennaensiWiaglen) |) only, he ee oe 111
HierophasisiH lot) | eae eee 115
Houppifer Guérin-Méneville ........ 116
Lophuravilemiung: (hie n n-ne 117
Diardizallus Bonaparte neal). een ee 117
Lobiophasis) Sharpes 241.7, 2) nea eee 118
Gallus Bresson: }02.\s MA) VE eee nee 118
Pucrasia GRY Gray ta as ee 119

Catreus Cabanist {yi gt ae cline ee 121

CONTENTS xl

IPhasianus sewers eipamiek Miheeen) aioe) kee 58 ve ee 121

Syrmaticus aglaw cees Sienna. eo a = 128

Subgenus Syrmaticus Wagler. .........- 128
Graphephasianus Reichenbach... . . 128

Calophasistillvol seme omens) dailies te 129

Cyanophasis Buturlin ........ 129

Genus Chrysolophus J. H.Gray .......-..- 130
Chaleurus'Bonapartemw ees le ee 130

Polyplectron Temminck. ....-.-.-+.--. 130

Rhemardia Mormngounatrees in == 132
Arousianuseivasivesquenm renee) | 2 eee. 132

PAV O ETTE NE re IW coe ner ay ite 2) Yashagei co |e 133

Family Numididae, Guinea-fowl ..........- 133

Genus 'Phasidus’ Cassin tree tiie Welt han jet a) 5 dae 133

Aeelastes! Bonaparte Sih) \jecl 8) se 133

US Gonanits Esp OYA a) alas!) nae a) asivocah clita a 134

Gutters Waglen aie paws oer in rie) 137

AcryiiuminGitr./ Gray) marae We mete veil es, 1 139

Family Meleagrididae, Turkeys .........--- 139

Genus Meleagris inne’ 2a) Oye ay eo een tal ees 139
AeriocharisiChapmai sini i) vele suet Ge 2 = 140

SUSGRDER, OPISTHOCOME yo. ne es eos cuales) ee 141
Family Opisthocomidae, Hoatzins ..........- 141

Genus Opisthocomus Jlliger .. ....-..... 141
MEDERGGRUIEORMES |... hiv cates SUL SA APMC ey 5.6 oe ee elle oe 141
SUBORDER MIRSOMNATIDESS heneui alc yee, 3 5) rue mlel Ae) chee 141
Family Mesoenatidae, Mesites, Monias. ...... . 141

Genus Mesoenas Reichenbach. .........-. 141

Monias Oustalet and Grandidier. . . . .. . 142

SUBORDER ML URNICHS WM, 1h 1p aie TNeh BME @Uce ah, cia \sammentitat) cules. ii 142
Family Turnicidae, Bustard-Quails. ......... 142

Genus) Durnix-Bonmaterres wliajichit <) se weenie ss 142
OrtyxelosumVreullog. i Siete | Silene Ret ar 149

Family Pedionomidae, Collared Hemipodes .... . . 150
GenusveedtonOMmuUsiGauld cena hia etna eee 150

SUBORDER AGRUES Mees eu tie Se ae atk a UN ARLLe ON MMi eeeinet ig ie 150
Superramiliys GruOimea icy yma yne yale Peet hee ho nat ce RSID she 150
amily <Geranoididaes (fossil) iia eh 0 a retiaoe is ss
Gruidaex@ranesw) 5 SCORER ia ee hee. 150
Subfamuhy,Grumaeneueoy | 0) SRS le a aia renal se 150

Gemusi Gruss Glass Gs) SERRA RG Ye 1 Pe 150
BugeramiysyGlogeno. Lg ves coy ey ani ey 153
Anthropoides,Vrerllot Ney fo act. 153

1 Omitted in main text.

Xll CONTENTS

Subfamily (Balearicinaey: i aaiiaai.irs ion eee hone 154
Genus Balearicapimsson wai) <2 0), eee 154
Family Aramidae;Pampkans iy. een dee, oe) eee 155
Genus'Aramus)Vietlon en ky nao ay a 155
Family Psophiidae; @rumpeters yi.) 2) ea) eee 155
Genus, Psophiatiivnm en heat eit os nel ie oe onan 155
Superfamily Ralloidea! sy) Wiis Weis seed ia eek ote 157
Family, Orthocnemidae)essil) Siew: yi) ne eee —
Rallidae, Rails, Gallinules, Coots ....... 157
Genus Rallasinne i eae na scale Vo. Tea a 157
Subgenus (Ralhismigrme) magaues es) 20) ee een 157
Hypotaenidia Reichenbach ...... 163

Genus Nesolimnas)Almdrewsi sina eee 166
Cabalus vation si Wi ieee ialat. tee! sy “oe 167

A tlantisia owe tis Wali Qo.).. 0:20. eae 167
Trcholimnas~Sharoe ae 1.) nee 167
Ortygonax He7ie mi Swanky) cycle 0s, ieee 168
PardirallusyBonapantednmi a 22) Pony ae 169
Dryolimnas) Sharpen et eee 170
Rougetius: Bonaparte anes hehe) eee 170
AmaurolimnasiShanpeniendy =... 2) eee 171
RallinaiG BR Gray) ic Ws yeak. one eee 171
Rallicula Schlegel 0 a) 2s) ie 173
Cyanolimnas Barbour and Peters... .. . 174
Aramides Puchenani. 205) 2) 3 ar cee ee 174
Aramidopsis Sharpe... .. ihe 176
Nesoclopeus Peters’. 0:5 0.5.) cea 176
Gymnocrex(Salvadort.. 4.2) ee eee aL rire
GallirallusWajresnaye:s | cue) 177
Habropteryx Siresemann ......... 178
HabroptilaiGair.:Gragy) 3) -)) ae eee 178
Megacrex D’Albertis and Salvadori . . . . . 179
HKulabeornistGouwld: 02) a eae 179
Himantormsyaantland) i) 02 eee 179
Canirallus Bonaparte 00. 0.) 4) ee 180
Mientoerextr eters!) 08 as Ts eo 180
Crecopsis)Shanpe 02) UN a ee 181
CrexiBechstern is) ile 6 oc 2 a Se 181
Anurolimnas Sharpe... 3...).)2) eee 181
TLammno¢oraxvPeters) 0.5 isi eee ee 182
PorzanalViceillots sje oe seas so bss ee 182
Porzanulayirohawhk:s ii A eae eee 187
PennulavDole (AO bah Oe Nee eee 188
NesophylaxiMamphy 002) (5) a ee 188
Anhanolimmas Sharpe, oi! sa). keene 188

1 Omitted in main text.

CONTENTS Xlll

WaterallisiG ies Graaiei mew tt lieive aaah Sine 189
Nicropy clay Bonapanles: mmiry i Gra lst cll Ao 192
CotumicopsiG-is Gravee see lies ake 193
Neoecrex Sclaterand Saluimn ........ 194
SEMROLA OD EDD Esha KAHAN IS) Vane eleor BS! Cay e Rb 194
Aenigmatolimnasr eens wun iaiiaiict sists) 197
Poliolimnas)| SVanpe tin saeMe ict) shed eu ted 197
Porphyniops Rucheran a memo) ay celeste 199
ARTO UES ESHe yee eel Vey ily) ay 2 199
Amaurormis iexchenvachy im meiie a yea ins 200
Gallicrex Vs lytin enw petremmcmn cs RSV ts 202
Gallinulay Bresson vena sy alll awh ed a) ve 202
Porphyriornis Allen os ine Guay ic) iret ents 205
Pareudiastes Hartlaub and Finsch. . . .. . 206
Porphyrulat Blyth; 1) Seni a tale Sinn vs 206
PorphyriotSrissoninh. ena ents ian: 207

IN@tornis/Open Mp uice a Pep eta ubeds aie. hes) sy caps 210 ©
Subfamaly-Huliieunaey i) sal ae re eae Sa 211
GenusyMulicalanneiyt' Wheeiehmaty ay ean eee ay a as 211
SUBORDER UFEBLIORNITHESH. rai lie oe EP anette lsh cell fen sth, atte 213
Family Heliornithidae, Sun-Grebes. . ........ 213
Genus: Rodica essai vhs teers en ene tue a lcs 213
HehopaisSVOrpers (als eee ee nae 214
Heliormis-bonnatenre an eae te. 214
SUBORDER HT RY NOCHETI sisi ca biull isin Mec snueh) se sven ap tai ee te ue 215
Hamily;Rinynochetidae, Kasus) 2 50s ees) a 3) e 215
Genus Rhynochetos Verreaua and Des Murs. . . . 215
SURORDER EIU VP Y.GAMI a yi Salus eimiecs ve: 2 licall ex liege (itoost Tory See al W'S) ci) oe 215
Family Eurypigidae, Sun-Bitterns .......... 215
Genus Burypycaddliqen sia) Si ce uw ela ae 215
SUBORDER UP HOROREAGK (200. oan eC TANS) oy OU Mapu ogre 3 216
amily Phororhacidaes@ossil) rive say) Ss es 216
Brontornithidaex(iossil) eps) oon ee eal 216
Opisthodactylidae’ (fessil)/ yh). es, 216
SEIBORDIGRG CMRTARIAS BUNUN ATM ADM f MW ) pricw el stil imaMMely afer Ure 216
Kamilybathorni tid ae n(kossill)t 20 4) aulce eerie ices 216
iEfermosiormidae |(rossil)) 35174 faa uN Gaara) ea) 216
Cariamidse) Cariamasy 4) 0.4) ai iouan val aes 216
GenusiCaramaysrissony 3)... eam aan len 216
Chungaartlaub © Ve ves Wee va isto 216
SUBORD Bits © TUDES een sy eae aay MONE, Cosi Shih ol ag MR eraan Moc toh ahs 217
amily OtiddexBustargsins bsnl use hacnecm ieee ahd 217
Genusi Re traxg lvMOnsier yy 65) eae ah eh ieee 217
ONES SOIC VRE eNO ree: SS, ee ST es A 217

X1V CONTENTS

Choriotis(@yeaiGrayy nn eo i petunia ty isa 219
Chlamydotishessoraien eine) aur alen neal 220
LophotistherchenDach ie ye) sat enieaae 221

Afrotis Gi uGray ee he) Mo NN it lela een 222
Hupodotisiessom ie tel. ie yen) san ee 222
LLissotisiivecchenbach Nuun ce We) leh anya tena 224

Houbaropsis Sharpe eiane ealen. ele) eae 225

Sypheotides Messontaier e) 40s) ) 4s) eee 225

ORDER: DIATRYMIFORMES) |) Reaieedaic i Ayman Mane Pen oii ce i eoe clear 226
Family) Diatrymidacy(osstl) ai anaienien cl i lane 226
Gastornithidse; Gosstl) ane ie ain) Sah 226

ORDER CHARADRITFORMES))(!.)) 2724 Ren ati ae Ne Nh oe 226
Suborder’ Charadrni|.!)))) A) RN i A MeTTEnRN@ ec) aN a 226
Superfamily Jacanordes) 2)). Vice iii oner ais cy 2))-7 0) elena 226
Family Jacanidae, Jacanas) yay ien ee no) 2) eee 226
Genus Microparray;Cabanisyy indi.) Voce 226
ActophilormisOberholsernt l(a aie) enemee 226

Trediparra Mathews Wii) 2) iene eine 227

Hydrophasianus (Waglenii.0h i) eee 227

Metopidius Waglen iin (oa shee eee 228

JA Cana Brisson Wale Ake Ce eee 228

Superfamily) Charadrioides) yee) ilu) celiicin| eee eee 230
Family Rostratulidae, Painted Snipe. ........ 230
Genus Rostratulay Vaeillot 05s ye 230
Nycticryphes Wetmore and Peters ..... 230

Family Haematopodidae, Oyster-catchers . ..... . 231
Genus Haematopus inne 2!) 00.2) cs) eee 231

Family Charadriidae, Lapwings, Plovers ...... . 234
Subfamily: Vanellinagey seo Ce SO aie 234

Genus! Chettusia! Bonaparte: 0 \) AMO lee 234
VanellusiBrissoni 6 yo i. pan ee ee 235

Belonopterus Reichenbach. ........ 236
HemiparraySalvadore!) sk |e) 3 aeeeee 236

Dylibyxetehen bach \. 0 eival ety eee 237
Microsareopsysanpe) si) ci x) eee 2a

HobivanellusiG: HuGray \\) 1 Eee 237

Xiphidiopterus Reichenbach . ....... 238
ResibyxeMathews ss) hale a eau eee 238

LobibyxiHerme Sa al Sih cae eee 239

Atribiyx TMIGthews bi. jo) 02) el chy len eee 239

Stephanibyx Reichenbach . ........ 240

Hoplopterus| Bonaparte.) ene 241

Hoploxypterus Bonaparte) 105) el eee 241
Ptiloscelysieonaparie: o.oo) iene enna 242

ZonitersSharpe || We We ene 242

AnomalophrysiSharpes 2 ee. beeen 242

CONTENTS XV

hobipluvia Bonaparte nis.) 2Leope ni.) 4 242
SarciophormsrG si NGnaynes (alee ys ys 243
SubtamilyiCharadmingep qian: |e cl ns, cule ils 243
Genus Squatarolay Curren: wane fy aN 243
PluvaalispBrisson, Vie a eens Wot Nese a sik 244
Pluviorhynchus Bonaparte wey ois.) se 245
Charadriisei7n 16.W eames RG oo 245
Biseyormisy Mathews yee seen Wane is) sca ie 255

Kupodal JOP MB roma ey aie ey nei al lca nett 255
Oreopholus Jardine and Selby ....... 256
Hythrovonys! Gould tee irene) 20s! sail 256
Radromiss Clin Dreier he seis 256

Zomibyx Reichenbach). a yauea ewan) 2) 0). 257
PHMOrMIsiG le. Grageey ely Pee A si) oy ee: 257
Anarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard . . ... . 257
PluyvaanellsiG. les Gr ay Sees ees nal ee, ay 258
PhesomisiGsib-.Grayar aaa ee aa 258

Family Scolopacidae, Woodcock, Sandpipers, etc. . . . 258
Sublamiily rin gine) yo Pa ais eae) asic 258
Genus Aechmorhynchus Cowes. . ........ 258
Prosobonialbonapartcuys sae eee) 259
Bartramita Lesson ics thce 0 Getter el bl) 259
INUIMEeNTUSHBTrUSSOT at meus ete eases fe 260

im osa HB Trrssonl va lshasieey twee 0S 1s oaks es oe 263
Bringaliane.. s,s. ems Ave aie ARMED Brae ye 264
Pseudototanusviaime sr) aan essai... 268

EXTETNUIS SCA Os) meomad iio bit Wey Lana Ae SL Sh oe, 268
ACtitisnT TG eraaiy A Sigua vncit euyeumep mena cs, 2 269
Catoptrophorus Bonaparte ........ 269
eteroscelusesaendat waletis x: 1a sotunta euka. s 270
Subramily ATrenartimaaeng eu absent os oe. ae eee 271
Genus AphrizarAadubonyh ays ere) eae 271
Arenana ‘emssony. 2) costs tn friretah ee ek 271
Subfamily, Scolopaeimacwy | Kiveeras |) sau pee vee 272
Genus Limnodromus Wed, 93)54. jf. 23 45S 272
CoenoconyphaiG: Rs Gray) sy fie 2. 273

Capella tinentcel hoes % od yuh) saree) Olena Vea bs 274
Chubbiawiathewsn) sw ael sa lige Meena. 277
Scolopaxwi ie. civ aaalbs iar eh seen aa 278
Philohelay Gai Gray. \) 4 ot Ap aes 279
liymnoenyptes Matipias tu) aeweker ise hone 279
Subfamily; hrolimae i 3/5). 6) SL ee eet 280
Genus CalidnisiMerrem). 6.25) ors sage een ss 280
Crocetinaescherg) <a veer vavemey | stk) eal. 280
Rreune tesnauageny:\ einen yah ah ont 281
Eurynorhynchus Nilsson ......... 282

nolan Vaerllob te. suerte tae wens a es 282

Xvl CONTENTS

Limicola och ak Pn eee 287
MicropalamaBaind usin) s.r 287

Tryngites Cabanis Govan isa a le Ree
PhilomachusMerrent an.) 2). en) ee 288

Family Recurvirostridae, Stilts, Avocets ....... 288
Subfamily Ibidorhynchinae /.)).)). 2) 288

Genus [bidorhyncha V2gorsie))))) 2 ee 288

Subfamily Recurvirostrinae is). ee 289

Genus Himantopus Brissenis))).) 0). 289
Cladorhynchus' Gin Gray.) .. See 290

Recurvirostra, Ziunne es) 1). er 290

Family Presbyormthidae fossil) 9). ). 30a eee 292
Family Phalaropodidae, Phalaropes ......... 292
Genus Phalaropus Brisson 5) 2 >.) ee 292
Steganopus Verllotis hii". . 292

Lobipes' Caner 0 GP 2) 292

Superfamily Dromadoidea)2 (Aya a 293
Family Dromadidae, Crab-plovers .......... 293
Genus Dromas Paykull Si) ee 293
Superfamily. Burhinoidea V4 )))e7 Bienen 293
Family Burhinidae; Wihick-knees) i270). . 1... ee 293
Genus Burhinus, 7iliger,) 29802) 293

Hsacus, Lesson’) 02...) ee 297

Orthorhamphus Salvadori . . . .. 1... 297

Superfamily \Glareoloidea/ (44. Sy ees.) 298
Family Glareolidae, Coursers, Pratincoles. ...... 298
Subfamily Cursorimae., v2 20a). 298

Genus Pluvianus) Vierllot 952). ee 298
Cursorius)Zatham' 2 ii. |) 299
Rhinoptilusisirvekland (2) ”.)) 5) 301

Peltohyas;Skarpe®) i.) 202) a 303

Subfamily Glareolinae’:) 22) 2.) 242) 8 303

Genus Stiltia, GvAaGray) i es 2. 303

Glareola, Brisson (i) 525) 4 a 303

Superfamily Thinocoroideayeay o. eel eee ‘ae 306
Family Thinocoridae, Seed-snipe. . ......... 306
Genus Attagis Saint-Hilaire and Lesson. ..... 306
Thinocorus!schscholiz'\) ... = . eee 307
Superfamily:Chionidoideay: 2.5) & 2. 308
Family Chionididae, Sheath-bills. . ......... 308
Genus Chionis)/. it. Forster 0") 0), 308

SUBORDER Lary). 40) coh vols a) 309
Family Stercorariidae, Skuas, Jaegers. .. .....~. 309
Genus CatharactasBrinnich’ >. 20 ee ne, ce
Stercorarius Bresson: *.' >... 2 | ee 311

Family Laridae; Guils)\Terns)) 2) 202. 7) 312

Subfamily: Laringe) s/s /@ hi) ah 26d 312

CONTENTS

GenusiGabianus Bruce ie oa aks eh eos

Pagophila Kaup ... .
aruswlinve sys) mune
Rhodostethia Macgillivray

Rissa Stephens... . .
Creagrus Bonaparte . .

Xema Teach). i ape:
Subfamily Sterninae ......
Genus Chlidonias Rafinesque. .
Phaetusa Wagler. . . .
Gelochelidon C. L. Brehm
Hydroprogne Kaup . .
Stermaelanwes wpe ae
Thalasseus Bote... .
Larosterna Blyth. . . .
Procelsterna Lafresnaye .

Anotis Stephens ... .

Gygis Wagler =... .

Family Rynchopidae, Skimmers . .
Genus Rynchops Linné. . . .

SUBORDER TAR GAR UL ivetiudin ) fiven an Lyte antbes

Sate es fer este en seme liom: i he

epMetp Ment tej thien) Fie weliinelnive

eH eerH vel, rel Wiel: \eitaer| fen ye

SO Meh Mi rehh fe) (Hilo) Lietiisec) ueetny e

simone he: ite: ast (op ive! J)

Si aeerMired tet ute,) Ailey’ i ieLt thei bie

Shoot teh Plel Pletal ss ike: re

Family Alcidae, Auks, Murres, Puffins ........

Genus Plautus Gunnerus .. .
Pinguinus Bonnaterre . .
NI CaVEINNE UN ice ke
Uria Brisson .....
Cepphus) Pallas 5 53°!

efi yiel faye) Vheknwony hes rel | esl ise

Brachyramphus M. Brandt ........
Synthliboramphus M. Brandt .......

Ptychoramphus M. Brandt
Cyclorrhynchus Kaup. .
Aethia Merrem ....
Cerorhinea Bonaparte. .
Fratercula Brisson . . .
nd ayeaQwlas yi i) seus

Odeo wo ce Bay Ole oO yh

oy K efih ili eetohoh seni ieyn len) el

Ch OO OG Cy Oe OL ret

ey caty etal em seni lism ilehy blel) me)

si Wetheter ia) M natvenlilenh\ tele we

NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN VOLUME II

Lagopus mutus captus nom. nov... .. .
Rallus limicola zetarius nom. nov. . .. .
Rallus torquatus limarius nom. nov. .. .

CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

OrpER GALLIFORMES
SuBORDER GALLI
SUPERFAMILY CRACOIDEA
Famity MEGAPODIIDAE

Genus MEGAPODIUS Garmarp!

Megapodius Gaimard, Bull. Gén. Univ. Annon. Nouv. Sci., 2, 1823,
p. 450. Type, by subsequent designation, Megapodius freycinet
Gaimard. (Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, 1840, p. 40.)

Megathelia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 112. Type, by origi-
nal designation, Megapodius tumulus Gould.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 436-4389; 7,
1930, p. 471.
Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 1, 1931, p. 150-153.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 10-11.
Chasen and Kloss, Bull. Raffles Mus., 4, no. 4, 1930, p. 5-6.
Siebers, Treubia, 7, suppl., 1930, p. 166-170.
Stresemann, Arch. Naturg., 89, Abth. A, Heft 8, 1923, p. 90-91.
Taka-Tsukasa, Bds. Nippon, 1, pt. 1, 1932, p. 5-16, pl. 4-5.

~Megapodius nicobariensis nicobariensis Blyth

Megapodius nicobariensis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 52.
(Nicobar Islands.)

Islands of the Nicobar Group (except Choura and Car Nicobar) lying
north of the Sombreiro Channel.
Megapodius nicobariensis abbotti Oberholser

Megapodius nicobariensis abbotti Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 55,
1919, p. 401. (Little Nicobar Island.)

Great and Little Nicobar Islands.

Megapodius nicobariensis pusillus Tweeddale

Megapodius pusillus Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 765,
pl. 78. (Cebu, Philippine Islands.)

Philippine Islands (except the Palawan group and Mindanao).

Megapodius nicobariensis tabon Hachisuka
Megapodius freycinet tabon Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 1, 1931, p. 153.
(Piso, southeastern Mindanao.)
Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

1 The genus Megapodius is badly in need of revision in order to determine
the validity of many of the species and subspecies, their relationships and
distribution.

A CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Megapodius nicobariensis cumingii Dillwyn
Megapodius Cumingwi Dillwyn, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1853),
p. 119, Aves, pl. 39. (Labuan Island.)
Megapodius cumingit tolutilis Bangs and Peters, Occ. Papers Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1927, p. 235. (Maratua Island, Borneo.)

Palawan and Balabac, Philippine Islands; Labuan and other islands
off the northern and eastern coasts of Borneo.

?Megapodius nicobariensis balukensis Oberholser
Megapodius forstent balukensis Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
14, 1924, p. 294. (Baluk Island, Sulu Sea.)

Status not known; doubtfully distinct; based on one specimen.

Megapodius nicobariensis sanghirensis Schlegel
Megapodius sanghirensis Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 2, 1880, p. 91.
(Sangi Island.)

Sangi and Talaut Islands.

Megapodius nicobariensis gilbertii G. R. Gray
Megapodius gilbertii G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 289.
(Menado, northern Celebes.)

Celebes.

Megapodius nicobariensis bernsteinii Schlegel
Megapodius Bernsteinii Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 261.
(Sula Islands.)

Sula Islands.

Megapodius tenimberensis P. L. Sclater
Megapodius tenimberensis P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883,
p. 57. (Lutu and Kirimun, Tenimber Islands.)

Tenimber Islands.

Megapodius reinwardt reinwardt Dumont
Megapodius Reinwardt Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd Levrault, 29, 1823,
p. 416. (Amboina, error, type from Lombok.)

Megapodius rubripes Temminck, Pl. Col., livr. 69, 1826, pl. 411. (No

type locality.)

Megapodius duperryii Lesson and Garnot, Bull. Sci. Nat., 8, 1826,

p. 118. (Dorey, New Guinea.)

Lesser Sunda Islands from Lombok eastward; islands in the Banda Sea;
Kei Islands; Aru Islands; northwestern New Guinea, east on the north
coast to Andai, on the entire south coast, and on the north coast of south-
eastern New Guinea west to the Kumusi River.

FAMILY MEGAPODIIDAE 5

Megapodius reinwardt buruensis Stresemann
Megapodius duperrywt buruensis Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1912, p. 41.
(Gunung Fogha [‘‘Mt. Mada”’], 3000 feet, Buru.)

Island of Buru.

Megapodius reinwardt forstenii G. R. Gray
Megapodius Forstenit “‘Temm.” G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1847, p. [491],
col. pl. 124. (No type locality = Ceram, subst. by Stresemann, Nov.
Zool., 21, 1914, p. 41.)

Islands of Amboina, Ceram, Haruku and Goram.

Megapodius reinwardt macgillivrayi G. R. Gray
Megapodius macgillivrayt G. R. Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1861,
p. 289. (Duchateau and Pig Islands, Louisiade Archipelago.)

Trobriand Islands and Louisiade Archipelago.

~~—Megapodius reinwardt tumulus Gould
Megapodius tumulus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842, p. 20. (Co-
burg Peninsula, on the northern coast of Australia.)
Megapodius duperryt melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 26. (Melville Island.)

Melville Island and Northern Territory.

Megapodius reinwardt yorki Mathews
Megapedius reinwardt yorki Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929,
p.11. (Cedar Bay, Queensland.)
?Megapodius assimilis Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1,
1876, p. 59. (Dungeness Island and Bet Island, Torres Strait.)!

Northern Queensland from Cape York to Cairns.

— Megapodius affinis jobiensis Oustalet
Megapodius DuPerreyi var. jobiensis Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
(6), 11, 1881, art. 2, p. 96. (Jobi.)
Island of Jobi.2

~~ Megapodius affinis decollatus Oustalet
Megapodius decollatus Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. France, 31, 1878, p. 248.
(d’Urville Island [now Kairiru].)

1 Whether this is a recognizable race occurring on the islands in Torres
Strait, or an earlier name for yorki, or a synonym of one of the New Guinean
races of Megapodius reinwardt has yet to be established.

2 Perhaps not different from decollatus. Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930,
p. 127; Stresemann and Paludan, zd., 38, 1932, p. 245.

6 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Megapodius brunneiventris A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden,
1890-91 (1891), no. 4, p. 15. (Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.)

North coast of northern New Guinea between Mamberano and Astro-
labe Bay; Vulcan (or Volcano) Island; Dampier (or Krakar) Island.

Megapodius affinis affinis A. B. Meyer

Megapodius affinis A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-
Naturw. K1., 69, Abth. 1, 1874, p. 215. (Rubi, New Guinea.)

South coast of Geelvink Bay and southern slopes of the Snow Moun-
tains, New Guinea.

Megapodius affinis huonensis Stresemann

Megapodius reinwardt huonenstis Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 70, 1922,
p. 408. (Heldsbach Coast.)

Coasts of Huon Gulf, northeastern New Guinea.

‘Megapodius eremita eremita Hartlaub

Megapodius eremita Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 830.
(Echiquier Island, not Bougainville in the Solomon Group.)

Echiquier [now Ninigo] Islands; Admiralty Islands; Bismarck Archi-
pelago.
?Megapodius eremita brenchleyi G. R. Gray

Megapodius Brenchleyi G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 5,
1870, p. 328. (Gulf [now Ugi] Island, Solomon Islands.)
Solomon Islands.

Megapodius freycinet freycinet Gaimard

Megapodius freycinet Gaimard, Bull. Gén. Univ. Annon. Nouv. Sci.,
2, 1823, p. 451. (Waigeu.)

Northern Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Kaioa,
Batjan; Waigeu; Batanta; Salawatti; Misol; small islets north of northern
New Guinea.

Megapodius freycinet geelvinkianus A. B. Meyer
Megapodius geelvinkianus A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., 69, Abth. 1, 1874, p. 88. (Mafor and
Misory.)
Islands in Geelvink Bay: Misory (or Biak), Mafor (or Numfor), Mios-
nom, Jobi.

Megapodius lapérouse senex Hartlaub

Megapodius senex Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 830.
(Pelew Islands.)

Pelew Islands.

1 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 195.

FAMILY MEGAPODIIDAE i

Megapodius lapérouse lapérouse Gaimard

Megapodius La Pérouse Gaimard, Bull. Gén. Univ. Annon. Nouv. Sci.»
2, 1823, p. 451. (Tinian Island, Marianne Islands.)

Marianne Islands.

Megapodius layardi Tristram
Megapodius iayard: Tristram, Ibis, 1879, p. 194. (Vaté, New Hebrides.)
Banks Islands and New Hebrides.

Megapodius pritchardii G. R. Gray

Megapodius Pritchard G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), 14,
1864, p. 378. (Niuafou, ‘‘ Friendly Islands.’’)

Niuafou, central Polynesia.

GeNus EULIPOA OcILviz-GRANT

Eulipoa Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 445 (in key),
p. 462. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Megapodius
wallacet G. R. Gray.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, op. cit. p. 462-463.
~~~ Eulipoa wallacei (G. R. Gray)

Megapodius wallacei G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 362,
pl. 171. (Kast Gilolo.)

Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, Batjan, Buru, Amboina, Haruku,
Ceram).
Genus LEIPOA Gov.Lp

Letpoa Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 1, 1840, pl. [6] and text. Type, by mono-
typy, Leipoa ocellata Gould.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 41-54.

~~~Leipoa ocellata ocellata Gould

Leipoa ocellata Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 1, 1840, pl. [6] [= 5, pl. 78]. (Western
Australia; type locality given as Swan River by Mathews, infra.)

Western Australia.

Leipoa ocellata rosinae Mathews

Leipoa ocellata rosinae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 177. (South
Australia.)

New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia.
Genus ALECTURA LatnHam!

Alectura Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 10, 1824, p. 455. Type, by mono-
typy, ‘‘the New Holland Vulture” = Alectura lathami J. E. Gray.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 55-61.

1 Replaces Catheturus Swainson, of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

8 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Alectura lathami purpureicollis (Le Souéf)
Talegallus purpureicollis Le Souéf, Ibis, 1898, p. 51. (Cape York
Peninsula.)
Cape York District of northern Queensland.

Alectura lathami lathami J. E. Gray
Alectura Lathami J. E. Gray, Zool. Mise., pt. 1, 1831, p. 4. (Near
Sydney, New South Wales.)
Alectura lathami robinsonti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 177.
(‘Mid Queensland,” type from Cairns.)
Queensland (except Cape York District) and New South Wales.

Genus TALEGALLA Lesson

Talegalla Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 185. Type, by original desig-
nation, T'alegalla cuviert Lesson.

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 16.

Talegalla cuvieri Lesson
Talegalla Cuviert Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 186. (Forests of New
Guinea = Dorey [now Manokwari] Dutch New Guinea.)
Salawatti, Misol and northwestern New Guinea, east on the south
coast to the Mimika River.

Talegalla fuscirostris Salvadori
Talegallus fuscirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, 1877, p. 332.
(Southern New Guinea and the Aru Islands, types from Epa and

Hall Sound, New Guinea.)

Southern New Guinea from Etna Bay to Port Moresby, and south
coast of Geelvink Bay; Aru Islands.
Talegalla jobiensis jobiensis A. B. Meyer

Talegallus jobiensis A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,

Math.-Naturw. K1:, 69, Abth. 1, 1874, p. 74. (Jobi.)

Island of Jobi; horeHaen New Guinea from Mamberano to Humboldt

Bay.

Talegalla jobiensis longicaudus A. B. Meyer
Talegallus longicaudus A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1890-
91 (1891), no. 4, p. 15. (Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.)

Eastern New Guinea from the Sepik River on the north and the Aroa
River on the south, eastward.

Genus AXPYPODIUS OvusrTatet

Aipypodius Oustalet, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 90, 1880, p. 907.
Type, by subsequent designation, Talegallus bruajnit Oustalet.
(Salvadori, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 3, 1882, p. 251.)

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 17.

FAMILY MEGAPODIIDAE 9

—— #Epypodius arfakianus (Salvadori)

Talegallus arfakvanus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, 1877, p. 333.
(Arfak Mountains.)

Mountains on the Island of Jobi and of New Guinea.

Epypodius bruijnii (Oustalet)
Talegallus Bruijnii Oustalet, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 90, 1880,
p. 906. (Waigeu, locality probably error ou)

Range unknewn--prebably-net Waigeu. [ Reet Mera F.\ALEY. mm 3)

GENus MACROCEPHALON ! S. Mit.uer

Macrocephalon S. Miller, Arch. f. Naturg., 12, Bd. 1, 1846, p. 116.
Type, by monotypy, Macrocephalon maleo ‘‘T.”’ S. Miiller.

Galeocephala Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 93. ‘‘New name
for Megacephalon Gray, as used in the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893,
p. 471.”

cf. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 2, 1898, p. 678-685.

~~ Macrocephalon maleo S. Miiller

Macrocephalon maleo S. Miiller, Arch. f. Naturg., 12, Bd. 1, 1846, p. 116.
(Celebes.)

Celebes.
Famity ®allinulotdtdae

Famity CRACIDAE

Genus NOTHOCRAX BurmeistER

Nothocrax Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 347. Type,
by monotypy, Crax uwrumutum Spix.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 20-21.

~—Nothocrax urumutum (Spix)

Crax urumutum Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 49, pl. 62. (Rio Negro,
Brazil.)

Amazonian Ecuador and Peru to the Rio Negro region of Brazil; British
_ Guiana(?).

Genus MITU Lesson

Mitu Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, 1831, p. 485. Type, by tautonymy
Ourax mitu Temminck = Craz mitu Linné.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 485-487.

1 Replaces Megacephalon G. R. Gray.

10 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-Mitu tomentosa (Spix)
Craz tomentosa Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 49, pl. 68. (‘‘in Sylvis palu-
dosis fl. Nigri prope pagum Barcellonam.’’)
British and Dutch Guiana, upper Orinoco region in Venezuela and the
Rio Negro and Rio Branco, Brazil.

Mitu salvini (Reinhardt)
Mitua salvini Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren. Kjében-
havn, 1879, p. 5. (No locality = eastern Ecuador.)
Known only from the tropical zone of eastern Ecuador.

Mitu mitu (Linné)
Crax Mitu Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 270. (Brazil and Guiana
= northeastern Brazil, ec Marcgrave.)
The greater part of the Guianan-Amazonian forest region from eastern
Peru to Pard.
Genus PAUXI TremMInck

Pauzi Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 2, 1813, p. 456, 465. Type, by tau-
tonymy, ‘‘Crax pauxi Lath. et Gmel.” = Crax pauai Linné.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 487-489.

Pauxi pauxi (Linné)
Crax Pauxt Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 270. (Mexico, error =
Venezuela.)

Known definitely only from Venezuela (Mérida; Caracas; Orinoco and
Casiquiare Rivers). Occurrence in Cayenne, eastern Peru and Colombia
has never been established.

UNnLEON NLS Bend t+ Scloavensee
Genus CRAX Linnié
Crax Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157. Type, by subsequent
designation, Crax rubra Linné. (Ridgway, Man. No. Am. Bds., ed. 2,
1896, p. 207.)!

Alector Merrem, Av. Rar. Icon. et Descr., fase. 2, 1786, p. 40. Type,

by tautonymy, Craz alector Linné.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 17-19.

Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., K]. 2, 22, 1906, p. 681-688.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 271-274.

Crax nigra Linné
Crax nigra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157. (South America.)
Crax Alector Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 269. (‘‘America cali-
diore.’’) 2
1 Crax alector Linné, 1766, is usually given as the type of the genus, but
was not one of the originally included species, hence is unavailable in this

connection.
2 Craz erythrognatha Sclater and Salvin is a synonym.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 11

Eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and upper Rio
Negro region of Brazil.

Crax alberti alberti Fraser
Crax Alberti Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850 (1852), p. 246, pl. 27,
o, but not plate 28. (Based on a cage bird of unknown origin.)
Crax annulata Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 170. (Don
Diego, Santa Marta, Colombia.)!
Colombia: known definitely only from the Santa Marta region and from
Honda, Rio Magdalena; Bogotd ‘‘trade skins.”

Crax alberti daubentoni G. R. Gray
Crax Daubentoni G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 15.
(‘Central America’? = Venezuela.)

Northern Venezuela, British Guiana, Surinam(?).

-Crax fasciolata fasciolata Spix
Crazx fasciolaia Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 48, pl. 62a. (State of Para,
Brazil.)
Brazil in State of Pard east to the Tocantins, south to Matto Grosso
and Goyaz.

Crax fasciolata sclateri G. R. Gray
Crax Sclateri G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 14.
(‘Mexico and South America.’’)
Crax sulcirostris Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 3, 1898 (1899?), p. 409.
(State of Sao Paulo?)
Southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay and Sao Paulo, south to the Argentine
Chaco and Misiones.

Crax pinima Pelzeln
Crax Pinima ‘‘Natterer’’ Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., Abth. 3, 1870, p. 287, 341.
(State of Pard, Brazil.)
Crax incommoda P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 690.
(Based on an aviary specimen of unknown origin.)
?Crax grayi Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 474 (in
key), p. 480. (South America.)

Eastern Brazil in State of Pard.

——Crax globulosa Spix
?Crax carunculata Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 44, 690. (Brazil.)
Crazx globulosa Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 50, pl. 65, 66. (Rio Solimoés,
Brazil.)

Amazonian Ecuador and Peru east to Manaos and western Matto
Grosso.

1 | have examined the type of this supposed species, which, while sexed as a
9 is without doubt an immature <, but see Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
45, 1932, p. 210.

12 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Crax blumenbachii Spix
Craz blumenbachii Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 50, pl. 64 = 9. (State
of Rio de Janeiro.)
Crax rubrirostris Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 51, pl. 67 = &. (Between
Rio de Janeiro and Bahia.)

Eastern Brazil in states of Bahia (southern portion), Espirito Santo,
Rio de Janeiro and southern Minas Geraés.

- Crax rubra rubra Linné

Craz rubra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157. (Based entirely on
‘““The Red Peruvian Hen” of Albin, book 3, p. 37, pl. 40, no locality
given.)

?Crax globicera Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 270. (Brazil,
Curagao.)

Crax panamensts Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 474
(in key), p. 479. (‘‘Southern Nicaragua and Costa Rica to the United
States of Colombia.’’)

Crax hecki Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 231, pl. 2. (Based on
a female in the Berlin Zoo, origin unknown.)

Crax chapmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 170. (Puerto
Morelos, Yucatan.)

Southern Tamaulipas and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec south through-

out Central America to western Ecuador.

Crax rubra griscomi Nelson

Crazx globicera griscomi Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 39, 1926, p. 106.
(Cozumel Island.)

Cozumel Island, off the coast of Yucatan.

Grnus PENELOPE Merrrem

Penelope Merrem, Av. rar. Icon. et Descr., 1786, fasc. 2, p. 39. Type,
by subsequent designation, Penelope maratl Gmelin = Penelope iacu-
pema Merrem = Phasianus marail P. L. S. Miller. (Lesson, Man.
d’ Orn., 2, 1828, p. 214.)

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 275-277.
Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 194-196; 55, 1926,
p. 152-154.
Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., K1. 2, 22, 1906, p. 688-691.
Id., Nov. Zool., 24, 1914, p. 176-178.
Id., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 472-474.
Id. and Conover, Auk, 49, 1932, p. 324-336.

Penelope purpurascens purpurascens Wagler
?Meleagris cristata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157, part.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 13

Penelope purpurascens Wagler, Isis von Oken, 238, 1830, col. 1110.
(Mexico.)
Tropical forest region of Mexico from Sinaloa and southern Tamaulipas
south to Honduras.

——Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis Salvadori and Festa
Penelope cristata auct. not Meleagris cristata Linné.
Penelope aequatorialis Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15,
1900, no. 368, p. 38. (Foreste del Rio Peripa, western Ecuador.)
Nicaragua south along the Pacific coast of Colombia to western Ecuador.

—~ Penelope purpurascens perspicax Bangs
Penelope perspicax Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 187. (San
Luis, Bitaco Valley, western Colombia.)
Western Colombia in the subtropical zone of the Western Andes and
western slope of the Central Andes.

Penelope purpurascens brunnescens Hellmayr and Conover

Penelope purpurascens brunnescens Hellmayr and Conover, Auk, 49,
1932, p. 333. (Rio Cogollo, Perija, Zulia, Venezuela.)

Northern Colombia and western Venezuela.

—~Penelope ortoni Salvin
Penelope ortont Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 325. (Mindo, western slope of
Pichincha, Ecuador; alt. 6000-7000 ft.)
Upper tropical zone of western Colombia and western Ecuador from
the Chocé to Chanchan.

?Penelope albipennis Taczanowski
Penelope albipennis Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877 (1878),
p. 746. (Near Tumbez, Peru; type from Sta. Lucia.)
Unique.!

——Penelope marail (P. L. S. Miiller)

?Meleagris cristata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157, part.

Phasianus Marail P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 125.
(Cayenne, ex Buffon.)

Penelope jacupeba Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 54, pl. 71. (‘‘In sylvis
Parae.’’)

Penelope granti Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 297. (New name for
Penelope marail as employed by Grant in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22,
1893, p. 495.)

Eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and eastern Brazil.

1 In spite of Stolzmann’s statement that he saw other specimens showing
white primaries in the same locality whence the type was collected, I am not
convinced that this so-called species is not a partial albinism of ortoni, which,
however, is not recorded from northwestern Peru.

14 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Penelope montagnii montagnii (Bonaparte)

Ortalida montagnii Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
p. 875. (Colombia = El Pifion, above Fusugasugé4, 9600 ft., as sug-
gested by Chapman, antea, 1917, p. 194.)

Temperate zone of the mountains of western Venezuela, and the Andes
of Colombia.

Penelope montagnii atrogularis Hellmayr and Conover

Penelope montagnii atrogularis Hellmayr and Conover, Auk, 49, 1932,
p. 328. (Alaspungo, western Ecuador.)

Subtropical and humid temperate zones of western Ecuador.

~Penelope montagnii brooki Chubb

Penelope brooki Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 5. (Baeza,
Ecuador; alt. 6000 ft.)

Humid temperate zone of eastern Ecuador.

Penelope montagnii plumosa Berlepsch and Stolzmann

Penelope sclatert plumosa Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1902, vol. 2, p. 45. (Maraynioc, central Peru.)

Subtropical (or humid temperate zone) of central and southern Peru.

Penelope montagnii sclateri G. R. Gray
Penelope sclatert G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 270.
(Bolivia.)
Western and central Bolivia.

Penelope nigrifrons Dabbene

Penelope nigrifrons Dabbene, Physis, 4, May, 1918, p. 102. (Cerro de
Calilegua, Ledesma, Jujuy, Argentina.) Also described in Hornero,
1, Dec., 1918, p. 178.

Southern Bolivia in Dept. of Tarija and northwestern Argentina in
Prov. of Jujuy.

Penelope obscura jacqiacu Spix
Penelope jacqiacu Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 52, pl. 68. (‘‘in sylvis fl.
Solimoéns.)

Penelope boliviana Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., Columbariae, 1862,
p. 151, pl. 171, f. 2498, 2494. (Bolivia.)

Southeastern Colombia, Amazonian Ecuador and Peru, and northern
Bolivia, east at least to the Rio Solimoés and the Rio Puris.

Penelope obscura orienticola Todd

Penelope jacquacu orienticola Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 211. (Manacapuri, Rio Solimoés, Brazil.)

Known only from the type locality.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 15

Penelope obscura speciosa Todd
Penelope speciosa Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 82. (Rio
Surutu, Prov. del Sara, Bolivia.)
Bolivia in depts. of Sara and Santa Cruz.

Penelope obscura bridgesi G. R. Gray
Penelope bridgest G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 270.
(Bolivia.)
Southern Bolivia in Dept. of Tarija and northwestern Argentina in
provinces of Salta and Tucumdén.

Penelope obscura obscura ! Temminck
Penelope obscura “‘Illiger’’ Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 68, 693.

(Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, south to the Province of Santa Fé and

the Isles of the Uruguay.

Penelope obscura bronzina Hellmayr
Penelope obscura bronzina Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 178
(Colonia Hansa, Santa Catharina, Brazil.)
Southeastern Brazil from southern Minas Geraés and Rio de Janeiro
south to Santa Catharina.

_ Penelope superciliaris superciliaris ?, Temminck
Penelope superciliaris ‘‘Illiger”’ Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 72,
693. (State of Pard, Brazil.)
South side of the Valley of the Amazon from the Rio Madeira to Pard.

—— Penelope superciliaris jacupemba Spix
Penelope jacupemba Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 55, pl. 72. (Presidio do
Sao Joao, Rio de Janeiro.)
Eastern Brazil from Maranhao to Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo.

Penelope superciliaris major Bertoni
Penelope purpurescens (sic) Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1,
1901, p. 16. (Alto Parand, between lat. 25° and 26°S.) Not Penelope
purpurascens Wagler.
Penelope purpurescens major Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1,
1901, p. 19. (Lat. 25°, 43’ [Alto Parand, Paraguay].)
Paraguay and northeastern Argentina; probably southern Matto Grosso
and Parana.

1 The following name cannot be allocated definitely; Penelope olivacea
Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 20. (Alto Parand, lat. 26°,
BAS:)

2 Since the manuscript was completed Neumann has published a revision of
the races of Penelope superciliaris in Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1933, p. 93-95.

16 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Penelope jacu-caca Spix
Penelope jacu-caca Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 53, pl. 69. (Near Pocoens
Encima, Bahia.)
Eastern Brazil in states of Piauhy and Bahia.

Penelope ochrogaster Pelzeln
Penelope ochrogaster ‘‘Natterer’’ Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., Abth. 3, 1870,
p. 282, 337. (Nas Frechas and Engenho do Pari, near Cuyabé, Matto
Grosso.)
Central Brazil in states of Matto Grosso and Goyaz.

Penelope pileata Wagler
Penelope pileata Wagler, Isis von Oken, 28, 1830, col. 1109. (State of
Para, Brazil.)
Lower Amazon Valley from Manaos and the Rio Madeira to Para.

Penelope argyrotis argyrotis (Bonaparte)
Pipile argyrotis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Bue Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
- p. 875. (Caracas.)
Eastern Andes of Colombia; Andes of Mérida and western part of the
coast range of northern Venezuela.

Penelope argyrotis olivaceiceps Todd
Penelope argyrotis olivaceiceps Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 210. (San Rafael, near Cumanacoa, 2950 ft., Sucre, Venezuela.)
Subtropical and upper tropical zones of the eastern part of the coast
range of Venezuela.

Penelope argyrotis colombiana Todd
Penelope colombiana Todd, Ann. Carn. Mus., 8, 1912, p. 213. (Las
Taguas, near Santa Marta, Colombia.)
Subtropical zone of the Santa Marta region in northern Colombia.

Penelope argyrotis barbata Chapman
Penelope barbata Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p. 3. (Tara-
guacocha, Zaruma-Zaragura Trail, Cordillera de Chilla, Prov. del
Oro, Ecuador; alt. 9750-11000 ft.)
Subtropical and humid temperate zones of western Ecuador.

Grnus ORTALIS MeErrem

Ortalida (accusative case) = Ortalis (nominative) Merrem, Avium rar,
Icon. et Descr., fase. 2, 1786, p. 40. Type, by original designation,
Phasianus motmot Linné.

cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., K1. 2, 22, 1906, p. 691-696.
Miller and Griscom, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 44-50.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 17

Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 279-283.

Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 155.

Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 14, 1922, p. 171-172.

Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deutsche Gran Chaco Exped., Végel, 1930,
p. 84.

——Ortalis motmot motmot (Linné)

Phasianus Motmot Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 271. (Brazil
and Guiana = Cayenne, accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 120, ex Brissonian reference.)

Eastern Venezuela and the Guianas south to the Rio Negro and Rio
Branco and the north bank of the lower Amazon.

~~ Ortalis motmot ruficeps (Wagler)

Penelope ruficeps Wagler, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 1111. (Brazil;
the type is from the State of Pard4.)

Eastern Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Tapajéz to the Araguaya.!

Ortalis spixi Hellmayr
Penelope araucuan Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 56 (part, 9), pl. 74. vy
Itapicuru, Maranh4o, Brazil.)

Orialis araucuan (not of Spix) Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
22, 1893, p. 506. (Pard.)

Ortalis spixi Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., K1. 2, 22, 1906, p. 695.
(New name for the foregoing, type from Maranh4o.)

Northern Brazil south of the Amazon from the Tocantins east to the
lower Parnahyba.

——~Ortalis araucuan araucuan (Spix)

Penelope araucuan Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 56 part, <7, and excl. pl.
(‘‘ad pagum St. Domingo districtus Minas Novas.’’)

Penelope albiventris Wagler, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 1111. (‘‘Bra-
zilia versus flumen Amazonum.’’)

Ortalida Caracco Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1227, note. (‘‘ Peru,”
locality probably erroneous.)

Eastern Brazil from Pernambuco to Minas Geraés and Espirito Santo.

Ortalis araucuan squamata Lesson
Ortalida squamata Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., 6d Levrault, 59, 1829, p. 195.
(South America: type is from the State of Santa Catharina, Brazil.)?
Southeastern Brazil in states of Santa Catharina and Rio Grande do Sul.

1 This so-called ‘‘species’’ cannot possibly be more than a subspecies of
motmot.
2 Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 350-351.

18 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

?Ortalis superciliaris G. R. Gray
Ortalida superciliaris G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 10. (South America.)
Known only from the unique type, a cage-bird of unknown origin.

Ortalis guttata caquetae Chapman
Ortalis guttata caquete Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 96, 1923, p. 2.
(La Morelia, Caqueta, southeastern Colombia.)

Southeastern Colombia.

Ortalis guttata guttata (Spix)
Penelope guttata Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 55, pl. 73. (Rio Solimoés,
Brazil.)
Amazonian Ecuador and corresponding region of northern and eastern
Peru, east to the lower Rio Madeira and northwestern Matto Grosso.

Ortalis guttata subaffinis Todd
Ortalis guttata subaffinis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932, p. 211.
(Buenavista, Bolivia.)
Tropical zone of eastern Bolivia.

?Ortalis guttata adspersa (Tschudi)
Penelope adspersa Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Band 1, 1843, p. 386.
(Eastern Peru.)
Validity doubtful!

Ortalis columbiana columbiana Hellmayr
Ortalis caracco auct. (not Ortalida caracco Wagler).
Orialis columbiana Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, |
p. 694. (Colombia.)
Tropical and subtropical zones of the upper Magdalena Valley, Co-
ombia.

Ortalis columbiana caucae Chapman
Ortalis columbiana cauce Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33,
1914, p. 168. (Guengiie, Cauca Valley, 20 miles south of Cali, Co-
lombia.)
Tropical zone of the Cauca Valley, Colombia.

Ortalis wagleri G. R. Gray
Ortalida Waglert G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 12.
(California and Mexico.)
Western Mexico from southern Sonora and Chihuahua south to Jalisco.

1 Chapman, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 117, 1921, p. 44. Zimmer, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1930, p. 250.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 19

~~ Ortalis vetula poliocephala (Wagler)

Penelope poliocephala Wagler, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 1112.
(Mexico.)

Southwestern Mexico from Colima (Rio Armeria) to western Chiapas

(Tonala)
~~ Ortalis vetula vetula (Wagler)

Penelope vetula Wagler, Isis von Oken, 28, 1830, col. 1112. (Mexico:
Tampico, Tamaulipas, designated as type locality by Miller and
Griscom, antea, p. 46.)

Ortalida mccalli Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. 611.
(Boquilla, Nuevo Leén, Mexico.)

Lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas south through eastern

Mexico to extreme northern Vera Cruz.
——Ortalis vetula jalapensis Miller and Griscom

Ortalis vetula jalapensis Miller and Griscom, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 46.
(Jalapa, 4400 ft., Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Ortalis vetula fulvicauda Miller and Griscom, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 47.
(Tolosa, Oaxaca, Mexico.)

Southeastern Mexico (but not Yucatan Peninsula) from Vera Cruz and
northern Oaxaca south on the Caribbean slope of Guatemala and adjacent
parts of British Honduras to about lat. 16° N.

~~~ Ortalis vetula intermedia Peters

Ortalis vetula intermedia Peters, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 371. (Camp Mengel,
Quintana Roo, Mexico.)

Southern part of the Territory of Quintana Roo and probably adjacent

parts of Campeche and northern British Honduras.
~~ Ortalis vetula pallidiventris Ridgway

Ortalis vetula pallidiventris Ridgway, Man. No. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 209.
(Yucatan.)

Drier parts of the Yucatan Peninsula; Islands of Holbox, Mujeres,

Meco and Cozumel.
Ortalis vetula plumbiceps G. R. Gray

Ortalida plumbiceps G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 11. (Honduras, Guatemala = Omoa, Honduras.)

Southeastern Guatemala and northwestern Honduras south to the

highland region of central Nicaragua.
~~ Ortalis vetula leucogastra (Gould)

Penelope leucogastra Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 105. (No
locality.)

Pacific slope of Guatemala, El Salvador and northern Nicaragua.

1 This record may refer to Tonila, Jalisco.

20 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ortalis ruficrissa ruficrissa Sclater and Salvin
Ortalida ruficrissa Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870,
p. 538, note. (Valle de Upar, 4400 ft., south side of the Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta.)
Tropical zone along the eastern base of the Santa Marta Mountains,
Colombia.

Ortalis ruficrissa baliola Osgood and Conover
Ortalis ruficrissa baliolus (sic) Osgood and Conover, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1922, p. 31. (Orope, Zulia, Venezuela.)
Tropical zone of the Lake Maracaibo region, northwestern Venezuela.

Ortalis ruficauda Jardine
Ortalida ruficauda Jardine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 20, 1847, p. 374.
(Tobago.)
Northern Venezuela; Island of Tobago. Introduced from Tobago and
established on the islands of Bequia and Union, Lesser Antilles.

Ortalis garrula frantzii Cabanis
Ortalida Frantzii Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 17, 1869, p. 211. (‘‘Costa
Rica,” probably the eastern part.)
Ortalis cinereiceps saturatus (sic) Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit.,
no. 25, 1921, p. 1. (Matagalpa, Nicaragua.)
Caribbean lowlands of eastern Nicaragua and northeastern Costa Rica.

Ortalis garrula cinereiceps G. R. Gray
Ortalida cinereiceps G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 12. (‘‘North-west Coast of America,’”’ error = Pearl Islands (?).
Type collected by Kellett and Wood.)
Ortalis struthopus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Cl., 2, 1901, p. 61.
(San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)
Southern Costa Rica (Terrab4é and Talamanca valleys) south and east
to Darien; Pearl Islands.

Ortalis garrula mira Griscom
Ortalis garrula mira Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 72, 1932, p. 318.
(Ranchon, Caribbean slope of eastern Panama.)
Kastern Panama.

Ortalis garrula garrula (Humboldt)

Phasianus garrulus Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, ‘Rec. d’
Observ. Zool. et d’Anat. Comp.,’’ 1805, p. 4, note. (‘‘riviére de la
Madeleine, dans la province de Caracas et dans la Nouvelle-Anda-
lousie” = Magdalena River, Colombia.)

Northern Colombia in the lower Magdalena Valley and eastward along

the littoral portion of the tropical zone to the western base of the Santa
Marta Mountains.

FAMILY CRACIDAE 21

Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis Cherrie and Reichenberger

Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis Cherrie and Reichenberger, Am. Mus.
Novit., no. 27, 1921, p. 2. (Near mouth of the Rio San Lorenzo,
Matto Grosso, Brazil.)

Southwestern part of Matto Grosso from Sao Luiz de Caceres south to
the Rio Taquary.

Ortalis canicollis canicollis (Wagler)
Penelope canicollis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 1112. (Para-
guay, ex Azara, no. 336.)
Ortalis canicollis grisea Cherrie and Reichenberger, Am. Mus. Novit.,
no. 27,1921, p. 2. (Suncho Corral, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.)

Southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina south to
Tucumdn and the Argentine Chaco.

~~ Ortalis erythroptera Sclater and Salvin

Ortalida erythroptera Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870,
p. 540. (Babahoyo and Guayaquil, western Ecuador.)

Tropical zone of western Ecuador from Esmeraldas south to north-
western Peru.

Genus PENELOPINA ReEIcHENBACH

Penelopina Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., Columbariae, 1862, p. 152.
Type, by monotypy, Penelope niger Fraser.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 277-278.

~ Penelopina nigra (Fraser)
Penelope niger Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850 (1852), p. 246,
Aves, pl. 29. (Locality unknown, described from aviary specimens.)

Recorded only from the State of Chiapas, Mexico; Guatemala and
Nicaragua.

Genus CHAMAEPETES WacLeR

Chamaepetes Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1227. Type, by mono-
typy, Ortalida goudotii Lesson.
cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 197-198; 55, 1926,
p. 157-158.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 278-279.
Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 14, 1922, p. 170-171.

~~ Chamaepetes goudotii sanctae-marthae Chapman

Chamepetes sancte-marthe Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31,
1912, p. 141. (El Libano, 6000 ft., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
Colombia.)

Subtropical zone of the Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia.

rapes CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Chamaepetes goudotii goudotii (Lesson)
Ortalida Goudotii Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 217. (Quindii =
Quindio region, Central Andes, Colombia.)
Chamepetes goudotit antioquiana Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 22. (Prov. of
Antioquia, Colombia.)
Subtropical zone of the Colombian Andes.

Chamaepetes goudotii fagani Chubb

Chamepetes fagani Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 4. (Mindo,
6000 ft., Ecuador.)

Subtropical zone of western Ecuador.

Chamaepetes goudotii tschudii Taczanowski

Chamepetes Tschudit Taczanowski, Orn. Pérou, 3, 1886, p. 275. (Moya-
bamba, Peru.)

Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru.

Chamaepetes goudotii rufiventris (Tschudi)
Penelope rufiventris Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, 1848, Band 1, p.386.
(Near Chilpes, Peru.)

Subtropical zone of the Andes of central Peru.

Chamaepetes unicolor Salvin
Chamepetes unicolor Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 159.
(Veragua.)
Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Genus PIPILE Bonaparte

Pipile Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 877.
Type, by tautonymy, Penelope leucolophos Merrem = Crax pipile
Jacquin.

Cumana Coues, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 65. New name for Pipile Bonaparte
on grounds of preoccupation by Pipilo Vieillot.

cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 48-49; 15, 1908, p. 96-98.
Salvadori, Riv. Ital. Orn. Bologna, 3, 1914, p. 22-24.

Pipile pipile pipile (Jacquin)
Crax pipile Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Végel, 1784, p. 26, pl. 11. (Orinoco
River near Cuman4; locality probably erroneous.)
Island of Trinidad.

Pipile pipile cujubi (Pelzeln)
Penelope cujubi ‘‘Natterer” Pelzeln, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
Math.-naturw. Cl., 31, 1858, p. 328. (Pard.)
Pard4 region of the lower Amazon. (Specimens from Cayenne recorded
as P. cumanensis may be referable here.)

FAMILY CRACIDAE 93

Pipile cumanensis cumanensis (Jacquin)

Crax cumanensis Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Vogel, 1784, p. 25, pl. 10.
(Orinoco River region near Cumand4.)

Eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru across southern
Venezuela to British Guiana.

Pipile cumanensis naumburgae Todd
Pipile cumanensis naumburgae Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 213. (Arim4, Rio Purts, Brazil.)
Western Brazil south of the Amazon from the Puris to the Teodoro.

Pipile cumanensis grayi (Pelzeln)
Penelope grayi Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., Abth. 3, 1870, p. 284. (Peru, locality
erroneous. )

Eastern Bolivia, western Matto Grosso and adjacent parts of north-
western Paraguay.!

~ Pipile cumanensis nattereri Reichenbach

Pipile Natterert Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., Columbariae, 1862, p. 154,
pl. 271 c, f. 5060. (Nas Frechas, near Cuyabd4, Matto Grosso, ex
Pelzeln.)

Eastern Matto Grosso east to the Rio Araguaya.

Pipile jacutinga (Spix)
Penelope jacutinga Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 53, pl. 70. (Between Bahia
and Rio de Janeiro.)
Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Paraguay.

Genus ABURRIA REICHENBACH

Aburria Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xxvi. Type, by
original designation and tautonymy, Penelope carunculata ‘‘Tem-
minck”’ Reichenbach = Penelope aburri Lesson.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 520.

~ Aburria aburri (Lesson)

Penelope aburri Lesson, Man. d’Orn., 2, 1828, p. 215. (Temperate and
cold lands in the mountains of New Grenada.)

Subtropical zone of the Andes from Colombia to Peru; Andes of Mérida,
Venezuela; absent from the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador.

1 Everyone who has had to deal with grayi and nattereri has found difficulty
in identifying specimens, birds answering the description of one turning up
within the limits of the range ascribed to the other. I strongly suspect that
grayt and nattererz will eventually prove to be one and the same bird, ‘“‘nat-
terert”’ the o and ‘‘grayi”’ the 9.

Q4 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENus OREOPHASIS G. R. Gray

Oreophasis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. [485], col. pl. 121 and pl.
[121]. Type, by monotypy, Oreophasis derbianus G. R. Gray.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1902, p. 274-275.

Oreophasis derbianus G. R. Gray
Oreophasis Derbianus G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. [485], col. pl.
121, and pl. [121]. (Guatemala.)

Highlands of western Guatemala (mountains above Huehuetenango,
Volean Zunil, Volcan de Fuego) and adjacent portions of the State of
Chiapas, Mexico.

SuPERFAMILY PHASIANOIDEA
Famity TETRAONIDAE

GrENus TETRAO LInNE

Tetrao Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159. Type, by subsequent
designation, Tetrao urogallus Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 62.)

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1879-1885.
Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS., Cl. Phys.-Math., 1926
(1927), p. 229-231.
Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1924, p. 850-855.
Buturlin, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 267-270.

Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus Ingram

Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus Ingram, Ibis, 1915, p. 132. (Vallée de
Latour and Pic de Garbe, Hautes Pyrenees, France.)

The Pyrenees, and the Cantabrian mountains in northern Spain.

Tetrao urogallus urogallus Linné
Tetrao Urogallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Resident in Scotland (introduced) and Scandinavia.

Tetrao urogallus major C. L. Brehm
Tetrao major C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Végel Deutschl., 1831,
p. 503. (Central Germany.)

Coniferous forests of central Europe from Germany and the Gulf of
Finland south to the Alps, the Balkan States and northern Macedonia;
occurs east to Minsk, western Russia. Doubtfully distinct from T. wu.
urogallus.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 25

Tetrao urogallus lugens Lonnberg
Tetrao urogallus lugens Lonnberg, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1905, p. 103.
(Finland.) Not named as a subspecies, but a trinomial for an ab-
erration.
Tetrao urogallus karelicus Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1924, p. 68.
(Finland.)

Finland and Russian Karelia.

Tetrao urogallus pleskei Stegmann
Tetrao urogallus plesket Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
Cl. Phys.-Math., 1926, p. 65. (Kreis Luga and Gdowkreis Charla-
mowa Gora, Gouv. St. Petersburg.)
Northern Russia from Arkhangelsk east to the northern Urals and
south to Smolensk, Moscow and Vyatka.

Tetrao urogallus volgensis Buturlin
Tetrao urogallus volgensis Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 81.
(Gouvy. Simbirsk.)
Central Russia from Riazan east through Simbirsk and Kazan to the
foothills of the Urals.

~—~~Tetrao urogallus uralensis Menzbier
Tetrao urogallus var. uralensis Menzbier, Ibis, 1887, p. 302. (‘‘Pine
and birch woods of the southern branches of the Ural.”’)
Central Urals and “‘forest islands” in the northern Kirghiz Steppes east
to Barnaul.

Tetrao urogallus grisescens Kirikov
Tetrao urogallus grisescens Kirikov, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 238. (Kano-
nikolsk, Zilair, Bachkirie.)
Forest region of the southern Urals from the Belaya and Biteri rivers
southward, west to the Bachkirie Steppes; eastern limits not known.

Tetrao urogallus kureikensis Buturlin
Tetrao urogallus Kureikensis Buturlin, Uragus, 1927, no. 2, p. 1. (Tu-
rukhansk District, lower Kureika River [eastern tributary of the
lower Yenessel].)

Lower Yenessei Valley.

Tetrao urogallus taczanowskii (Stejneger)

Urogallus urogallus taczanowskii Stejneger, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no.
29, 1885, p. 193, note. (Irkutsk, ex Taczanowski, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 1876, p. 248.)

Central Siberia in the spruce forests, south to the Altai and north-

western Mongolia, north to the Vitim plateau and east to about long.
115° E.

26 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tetrao parvirostris turensis Buturlin
Tetrao urogalloides turensis Buturlin, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 269. (Lower
course of the Tura River, about lat. 75° N., long. 100° W.)

Known from the lower courses of the Tura and Kochechumo Rivers
in north-central Siberia.

Tetrao parvirostris janensis Grote
Tetrao parvirostris janensis Grote (ex Tugarinov mss.), Orn. Monatsb.,
40, no. 5, 8 Sept., 1932, p. 142, 143. (Verkhoyansk, eastern Siberia.)
Tetrao urogalloides kolymensis Buturlin, Alauda (2), 4, no. 3, 16 Nov.,
1932, p. 269. (180 kilometres north of Verkhne Kolymsk, northeastern
Siberia.)
Northeastern Siberia in the valleys of the Yana, Indigirka, and Kolyma
Rivers, south to the Verkhoyansk Range and north to the delta of the
Kolyma. Birds from the valley of the Anadyr may belong to this form.

Tetrao parvirostris parvirostris Bonaparte

Tetrao parvirostris Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
p. 880. (Hx Middendorff; restricted type locality, Muka-Sanaga,
between Amginskoje and the Aldan, Stegmann, antea, p. 231.)

Eastern Siberia from the Vilui, Yakutsk, and the Stanovoi Mountains
south to the Sea of Okhotsk; Island of Sakhalin; valley of the Anadyr(?).

Tetrao parvirostris macrurus Stegmann

Tetrao parvirostris macrurus Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
Cl. Phys.-Math., 1926 (1927), p. 231. (Bolschaja Retschka, north-
eastern shore of Lake Baikal.)

Headwaters of the Lower Tunguska and from the Tunka Mountains
southward over Transbaikalia to northern Mongolia (Khangai and Kentei
Mountains) and Amurland.

Tetrao parvirostris kamschaticus Kittlitz

Tetrao kamschaticus Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise russ. Am. Micron. Kamtsch.,
2, 1858, p. 353. (Kamchatka.)

Kamchatka.
GENus LYRURUS Swainson

Lyrurus Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 2,
1831 (1832), p. 497. Type, by original designation, Tetrao tetrix
Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1872-1879.

Stegmann, Journ. f. Orn., 80, 1932, p. 342-354.
Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1924, p.-855-859.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE Q7

~—Lyrurus tetrix britannicus Witherby and Lénnberg

Lyrurus tetrix britannicus Witherby and Lénnberg, Brit. Bds., 6, 1913,
p. 270. (Thornhill, Dumfriesshire, Scotland.)

Inner Hebrides, Scotland, English border counties and north midlands;
locally in Wales and more southern English counties.

~~ Lyrurus tetrix tetrix (Linné)

Tetrao Tetrix Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 159. (‘‘Habitat in
Europae frigidae Ericetis, Betuletis” = Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.)

Tetrao tetrix pinetorum Lonnberg, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 102. (Prov.
of Delarne, Sweden. Not named as a geographical subspecies but as
a ‘topographical variety’”’; the name applied to a dark phase found in
the dense coniferous forests.)

Lyrurus tetrix bjerkreemensis Schaaning, Stavanger Mus. Arsh. fér 1920-
21, 31, 1921, no. 2, p.6. (Southern Norway.)

Scandinavia north to lat. 68°, Jutland, Bornholm, middle Europe to
Belgium, Germany and Poland; Russia (except southeastern); locally in
France, eastern Pyrenees, the Alps and in southeastern Europe; north-
ern Siberia east to the Kolyma and south to the Stoney Tunguska, middle
Lena and Sredne Kolymsk.

Lyrurus tetrix viridanus (Lorenz)
Tetrao tetrix subspec. viridanus Lorenz, Journ. f. Orn., 39, 1891, p. 366.
(Gouvernements of Saratov, Samara and Orenburg.)

Forest steppes of southeastern Russia and southwestern Siberia from
the Don to the Irtysh; formerly south to the north Caucasian steppes.

———~Lyrurus tetrix tschusii (Johansen)

Tetrao tetrix tschusii Johansen, Orn. Jahrb., 9, 1898, Beil. (Tomsk,
Siberia.)

Lyrurus tetrix jenisseensis Sushkin, Bds. Russian Altai etc., 1925, p. 62.
(Near Minussinsk, Siberia.)

Southern Siberia (south of the range of ¢tetrix) from the Irtysh to Irkutsk
and south to the northern and northwestern Altai and the Sajan Moun-
tains.

Lyrurus tetrix baikalensis (Lorenz)
Tetrao tetrix var. baikalensis Lorenz, Birkhiihner Russland, 1911, p. 3.
(Transbaikalia, near Tchita and Verchne-Udinsk.)

From Irkutsk over southern Transbaikalia to northern Amurland (north
to the Tukuringa Mountains) and south to northern Mongolia (Khangai
and Kentei Mountains) and western Manchuria.

28 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lyrurus tetrix mongolicus (Lénnberg)
Tetrao tetrix mongolicus Loénnberg, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 108.
(Baimgol and Chantengri, ‘‘ Mongolia” = Tian Shan)!
Coniferous forests of the central Tian Shan north to Issik-kul, Ala-
tau, Tarbagatai and western Altai.

Lyrurus tetrix ussuriensis (Kohts)
Tetrao tetrix var. ussuriensts Kohts, in Lorenz, Birkhiihner Russland,
1911, p. 3. (Ussuri Region.)
Lyrurus tetrix koreensis Mori, Tori, 6, 1929, p. 100 (English text p. 107),
pl. 2.2. (Korea.)
Manchuria from the Chingan Mountains to the Ussuri and south to
northeastern Korea.

Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi (Taczanowski)
Tetrao mlokosiewiczt Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 267,
(Lagodechi, eastern Caucasus.)
The Caucasus between elevations of 5000 and 9000 feet.

GrENus DENDRAGAPUS ELLiot

Dendragapus Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 23. Type,
by subsequent designation, T'etrao obscurus Say. (Baird, Brewer and
Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Bds., Land Birds, 3, 1874, p. 415.)

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 78-79.
Swarth, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 30, 1926, p. 73-84.

Dendragapus obscurus sitkensis Swarth
Dendragapus obscurus sitkensis Swarth, Condor, 28, 1921, p. 59. (Kup-
reanof Island, southeastern Alaska.)
Dendragapus obscurus munrot Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 71, 1928,
p. 1. (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.)
Southeastern Alaska on islands of the Alexander Archipelago; Queen
Charlotte Islands.

Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Ridgway)

Canace obscura var. fuliginosa Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 199.
(Cascade Mountains [at foot of Mt. Hood, Oregon] and Chiloweyuck
Depot, -Washington.)

Coastal mountains on the North American mainland from southeastern

Alaska and southern Yukon to northwestern California; Vancouver
Island.

1 Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, no. 3, 1929,
p. 135.
2 The plate is lettered coreensis.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 29

~~ Dendragapus obscurus sierrae Chapman

Dendragapus obscurus sterre Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20,
1904, p. 159. (Echo, El Dorado County, California.)
Transition and Canadian zones of the inner coast ranges from Oregon
to Mt. Sanhedrin, California, and in the Sierra Nevada south to about
lat. 36° N.

Dendragapus obscurus howardi Dickey and van Rossem
Dendragapus obscurus howardi Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 25,
1923, p. 168. (Mt. Pinos, 7500 feet, Kern County, California.)
California from Mt. Pinos east through the Tehachapi Range and north
in the main Sierra Nevada to about lat. 36° N.

~~ Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (Douglas)
Tetrao Richardsoni Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1829, p. 141.
(‘‘ . .. subalpine regions of the Rocky Mts. in lat. 52°N., long.
115° W. . . . the mountainous districts of the Columbia in lat.
48° N., long. 118° W.”’’)
~, Dendragapus obscurus fleming: Taverner, Auk, 34, 1914, p. 385. (Near
Teslin Lake, Yukon Territory.)
Southern Yukon and northern British Columbia (east of the range of
fuliginosus) east to the Liard River and south through eastern British
Columbia and western Alberta to northern Idaho; western Montana(?).

Dendragapus obscurus pallidus Swarth
Dendragapus obscurus pallidus Swarth, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 20, 1931,
p. 4. (Cornucopia, Baker County, Oregon.)
South-central British Columbia south over eastern Washington to
northeastern Oregon.

—— Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say)
Tetrao obscurus Say, in Long’s Exped., 2, 1823, p. 14, note. (‘‘Defile
Creek,’’ about twenty miles north of Colorado Springs, Colorado.)

Rocky Mountain region from Utah and northern Colorado south to
northern Arizona and west-central New Mexico.

Genus LAGOPUS Brisson

Lagopus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 26, 181. Type, by tautonymy, Lago-
pus Brisson = Tetrao lagopus Linné.
cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 82-85.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1858-1871.
Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 287-301.
Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 511-515; 691-698; 77, 1929,
p. 521-524.

30 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Swarth, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 30, 1926, p. 86-103.
Taverner, Ann. Rep. Nat. Mus. Canada for 1928, 1929, p. 28-38.
Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1924, p. 859-868.

Lagopus scoticus scoticus (Latham)
Tetrao scoticus Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl., 1, 1789, p. 290. (Scotland.)
Orkneys, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, Wales and northern England.

Lagopus scoticus hibernicus (Kleinschmidt)

Tetrao hibernicus Kleinschmidt, Falco, 15, 1919, p. 3. (Ireland, type
from Galway.)

Tetrao dresseri Kleinschmidt, Falco, 15, 1919, p. 3. (Harris and Lewis,
Outer Hebrides, type from Harris.)

Outer Hebrides and Ireland.

Lagopus lagopus lagopus (Linné)

Tetrao Lagopus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159. (‘‘in Europae
alpinis,” restricted type locality, Swedish Lapland, apud Hartert.)
Tetrao albus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 750. (Northern
America, Europe and Asia = Hudson Bay, restricted to the western

side by Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 233.)

Lagopus lagopus ungavus Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 233.
(Fort Chimo, Ungava.)

Lagopus lagopus korent Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New England Zodl.
Cl., 5, 1914, p. 4. (Nijni Kolymsk, Kolyma Delta, Siberia.)

Lagopus lagopus kapustini Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 512.
(Lawna River, Kola Fiord, Lapland.)

Lagopus lagopus alascensis Swarth, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 30, 1926,
p. 87. (Kowak River Delta, Alaska.)

Lagopus lagopus okadai Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1928, p. 236.
(Nairo, Nairo-mura, Sisuka-gun, Sisuka Prefect.-district, southern
Sakhalin.)

Lagopus lagopus kamtschatkensis Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1,
1928, p. 238. (Koshegotschenski, western coast of Kamchatka.)

Circumpolar. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia from Scandinavia
to the Chukchi Peninsula, south in Europe to about lat. 60°; im Siberia
south to the lower Yenessei, Transbaikalia, the Kentei Mountains, Kam-
chatka and the lower Amur; also on Kolguev Island, the Kurile Islands
and Sakhalin. In North America from northern Alaska and the mainland
south of the Arctic Archipelago south to the eastern Aleutian Islands,
central Mackenzie (in the mountains to British Columbia and west-cen-
tral Alberta), northern Manitoba, James Bay and southern Ungava.
Chiefly resident, but also irregularly migratory.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 31

Lagopus lagopus birulat Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 513.
(Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands.)

New Siberian Islands.

Lagopus lagopus leucopterus Taverner
Lagopus lagopus leucopterus Taverner, Ann. Rep. Nat. Mus. Canada,
for 1930, 1932, p. 87. (Camp Kungovik, western coast of Baffin
Island, lat. 65° 35’ N.)
Arctic islands north of North America from Banks Island, Victoria
Island (and adjacent mainland at Dolphin and Union Strait), Southampton
Island and Baffin Island, northward.'

~Lagopus lagopus rossicus Serebrovsky

Lagopus lagopus rossicus Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 511.
(Jegorjewsk, Gouv. Riazan, Russia.)
European Russia from Leningrad to Moscow, eastward to the range of
manor,

~Lagopus lagopus maior Lorenz

Lagopus albus maior Lorenz, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 177. (Oren-
burg, southeastern Russia, and Omsk, western Siberia.)
Steppe regions of southeastern Russia, east to the Cis-Altai Steppe,
north at least to Tobolsk and Omsk.

~~~ Lagopus lagopus brevirostris Hesse

Lagopus lagopus brevirostris Hesse, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 101.
(Tscholesman, Altai.)
Mountains of southern Siberia from the Taiga of Minussinsk south to
the southern Altai.

Lagopus lagopus kozlowae Portenko
Lagopus lagopus kozlowae Portenko, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931,
p. 416. (Valley of the Narin-gol, near Cholute, northern Mongolia.)
Northern Mongolia in the Khangai and Kentei Mountains, eastern part
of the Tannu-ola Range and north to Kosso-gol. The bird of southern
Transbaikalia is probably referable to this form.

~~~ Lagopus lagopus alexandrae Grinnell

Lagopus alexandrae Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 5, 1909, p. 204.
(Mountain at Bear Bay, Baranof Island, Alaska.)
Islands off the south and southeast coasts of Alaska from the Shumagin
Islands to the Prince of Wales Archipelago; mountains of northwestern
British Columbia.

1 A comparison of leucopterus with birulai is greatly to be desired.

32 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lagopus lagopus alleni Stejneger
Lagopus alba allent Stejneger, Auk, 1, 1884, p. 369. (Newfoundland.)
Newfoundland.

Lagopus mutus hyperboreus Sundevall
Lagopus alpina var. hyperborea Sundevall, in Gaimard, Voy. Scandin.
Laponie, Spitzberg et Feroé, Atlas, livr. 38, 1845, pl. (Spitzbergen.)
Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land.

Lagopus mutus mutus (Montin)
Tetrao mutus Montin, Phys. Salsk. Handl., 1, 1776, p. 155. (Sweden.)
Norway, northern Sweden and northern Russia east to the Kola
Peninsula.
Lagopus mutus millaisi Hartert

Lagopus mutus millaisi Hartert, Brit. Bds., 17, 1923, p. 106. (Scotland.
New name to replace Lagopus cinereus Macgillivray, inapplicable.)

Scotland.

Lagopus mutus helveticus (Thienemann)

Tetrao helveticus Thienemann, Fortpfl. Vog. Eur., Abth. 3, 1829, p. 95.
(Alps. New name for Tetrao montanus Brehm, nec Gmelin.)

Alpine region from Savoy to central Austria.

Lagopus mutus pyrenaicus Hartert

Lagopus mutus pyrenaicus Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1869.
(Pic de Barbat, near Cauterets, 2600 met., French side of the Pyre-
nees.)

Pyrenees; above 2000 met.

Lagopus mutus komensis Serebrovsky

Lagopus mutus komensis Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 77, 1929, p. 522.
(Upper Little Charuta River, Ob region, lat. 65° 50’ N.; long. 62°
40’ K.., northwestern Siberia.)

Northern Ural Mountains.

Lagopus mutus pleskei Serebrovsky

Lagopus mutus plesket Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 696.
(Middendorff Gulf, Taimyr Peninsula.) Col. pl. of type, Mem. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, pl. 38.

Siberian tundra from the Taimyr Benanenley to the Chukchi Peninsula;
Great Lyakovy Island (?), Kamchatka (?).

Lagopus mutus macrorhynchus Serebrovsky

Lagopus mutus macrorhynchus Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926,
p. 693. (Saur, eastern Tarbagatai.)

Tarbagatai.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 33

Lagopus mutus nadezdae Serebrovsky
Lagopus mutus nadezdae Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 693.
(Kysylojek-boze, Kurai Alps, central Altai.)
Altai, Sajan Mountains and Khangai Mountains.

Lagopus mutus transbaicalicus Serebrovsky

Lagopus mutus transbaicalicus Serebrovsky, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926,
p. 694. (Tukuringra Mountains (sources of the Seja), Amurland.)

Mountains of southeastern Siberia from Lake Baikal to the Sea of
Okhotsk and Amurland.

——— Lagopus mutus ridgwayi Stejneger
Lagopus ridgwayt Stejneger, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2, 1884, p. 98.
(Commander Islands.)
Commander Islands.

?PLagopus mutus kurilensis Kuroda
Lagopus mutus kurilensis Kuroda, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, 1924, p. 15.
(Paramushir Island, northern Kuriles.)
Northern and middle Kurile Islands.

~~~ Lagopus mutus japonicus Clark

Lagopus japonicus Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 469.
(Mountains of central Hondo, Japan. Type from Mitake-San, Kiso.)

Mountains of the Island of Hondo, Japan.

Lagopus mutus evermanni Elliot
Lagopus evermanni Elliot, Auk, 18, 1896, p. 25, pl. 3. (Attu Island.)
Aleutian Islands: Attu Island.

~~ Lagopus mutus townsendi Elliot
Lagopus rupestris townsendi Elliot, Auk, 18, 1896, p. 26. (Kiska and
Adak Islands. Types from Kiska.)

Aleutian Islands: Kiska Island.

~~ Lagopus mutus sanfordi Bent
Lagopus rupestris sanfordi Bent, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 56, no. 30, 1912,
p. 1. (Tanaga Island.)
Aleutian Islands: Tanaga Island.

- Lagopus mutus chamberlaini Clark

Lagopus rupesiris chamberlaini Clark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907,
p. 469. (Adak Island.)

Aleutian Islands: Adak Island.

od CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lagopus mutus atkhensis Turner

Lagopus mutus atkhensis Turner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5, 1882, p. 227,
230. (Atka Island.)

Aleutian Islands: Atka Island.

Lagopus mutus nelsoni ! Stejneger
Lagopus rupestris nelsona Stejneger, Auk, 1, 1884, p. 226. (Unalaska
Island.)
Aleutian Islands: Unimak, Unalaska and Amaknak Islands.

Lagopus mutus dixoni ! Grinnell

Lagopus dixont Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 5, 1909, p. 207. (Near
Port Frederick, 2700 ft., Chichagof Island, Alaska.)

Islands and adjacent mainland of the Glacier Bay region of Alaska south
to Baranof Island.

Lagopus mutus kelloggae ! Grinnell

Lagopus rupestris kelloggae Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 5, 1910,
p. 383. (Zaikof Bay, 1600 ft., Montague Island, Prince William
Sound, Alaska.)

Northwestern North America from Alaska east along the Arctic coast
and adjacent islands to about long. 100° W., south to the Alaska Penin-
sula, and southern Alaska to about lat. 60°.

Lagopus mutus rupestris (Gmelin)
Tetrao rupestris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 751. (Hudson Bay»
ex Pennant, Arct. Zool.)
Lagopus Reinhardt macruros Schigler, Dansk Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925,
p. 114. (Northwest Coast of Greenland, ex label on 2 skins in Brehm
Collection.)

Northern North America (except the area occupied by kelloggae) in-
cluding Melville, Victoria, Ellesmere and Baffin Islands, south to the
mountains of British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, Great Whale River
and Belle Isle Strait; 2? northwestern Greenland north of lat. 66°.

Lagopus mutus welchi Brewster
Lagopus welchi Brewster, Auk, 2, 1885, p. 194. (Newfoundland.)
Alpine summits of the mountains of Newfoundland.

1 Nelson, kelloggae and dixoni are all very similar, and could be united
under the oldest name without distortion of the facts.

* 'Taverner (antea, p. 30, spec. no. 34) lists a bird from Bonaventure Island,
Quebec, which he refers to rwpestris. On the other hand the only adult extant
from Anticosti Island is a female indistinguishable from kelloggae!

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 35

~~ Lagopus mutus reinhardi (C. L. Brehm)

Tetrao Reinhardi C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. Nat. eur. Vég., 2, 1824, p. 986.
(Greenland, restricted to west coast of Greenland south of lat. 66°
by Schigler, Dansk Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925, p. 114.)

Tetrao Reinhardi brachyuros Schidgler, Dansk Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925,
p. 114. (Southwestern Greenland, ex label on specimen from Tring
Museum believed to be the type of reinhardi!)

West coast of Greenland south of lat. 66°.

el Lagopus mutus captus nom. nov.

Lapogus mutus groenlandicus Schigler, Dansk Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925,
p. 115, description p. 111. (Eastern Greenland.) Not —

Lagopus Grénlandicus C. L. Brehm, Vogelf., 1855, p. 264, note.! (Green-
land.)
Eastern Greenland.

~Lagopus mutus islandorum (Faber)
Tetrao islandorum Faber, Prodr. Isl. Orn., 1822, p. 6. (Iceland.)
Iceland.
Lagopus leucurus peninsularis Chapman

Lagopus leucurus peninsularis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
16, 1902, p. 236. (Kenai Mountains, Alaska.)

Alpine summits from central Alaska, northern Yukon and northwestern
Mackenzie, south to the Kenai Peninsula and southern Yukon.

- Lagopus leucurus leucurus (Richardson)
Tetrao (Lagopus) leucurus Richardson, in Wilson and Bonaparte, Am.
Orn., Jameson ed., 4, 1831, p. 330. (Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N.)
Rocky Mountain region from northern British Columbia and central
Alberta south to Vancouver Island and the northern border of the United
States.

Lagopus leucurus rainierensis Taylor
Lagopus leucurus rainierensis Taylor, Condor, 22, 1920, p. 146. (Pin-
nacle Peak, 6200 feet, Mount Rainier, Washington.)
Alpine summits of Mt. Rainier and perhaps also in the Cascade Range
in central and southern Washington.

--Lagopus leucurus altipetens Osgood

Lagopus leucurus altipetens Osgood, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 180. (Mt. Blaine,
Colorado.)

Rocky Mountain region of the United States from Montana to northern
New Mexico.

1 Brehm’s description, ‘‘smaller than reinhardi with long, but very flat
bill,” cannot apply to the eastern Greenland bird which is the largest of the
three forms occurring in Greenland.

36 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus CANACHITES Strsjnecer

Canachites Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 410. (Sub-
stitute name for Canace Reichenbach 1853, not Canace Curtis 1838.)
Type, by original designation, T'etrao canadensis Linné.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 80.

Canachites canadensis osgoodi Bishop
Canachites canadensis osgoodi Bishop, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 114. (Lake
Marsh, Yukon.)
Yukon and Kowak Valleys of Alaska, east to Great Slave and Atha-
baska Lakes.

Canachites canadensis atratus Grinnell
Canachites canadensis atratus Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 5, 1910,
p. 380. (Cedar Bay and Canoe Passage, Hawkins Island, Prince
William Sound, Alaska.)
Southern Alaska from Bristol Bay to Cook Inlet and Prince William
Sound.

Canachites canadensis canadensis (Linné)
Tetrao canadensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159. (Hudson
Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 71 9, and pl. 118 2.)
Canachites canadensis labradorvus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 1,
1899, p. 47. (Rigoulette, Hamilton Inlet, Labrador.)
From the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains in central Alberta east
to the Labrador Peninsula.

Canachites canadensis canace (Linné)
Tetrao Canace Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 275. (Canada, ex
Brisson, Orn., 1, p. 203, pl. 20, f. 1, 2.)
Manitoba, southern Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, south
to northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York (formerly), New
Hampshire and Maine.

~ Canachites franklinii (Douglas)
Tetrao Frankliniit Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1829, p. 139.
(Rocky Mountains from lat. 50°-54°, near the sources of the Columbia
River.)
Southern Alaska, central British Columbia and west-central Alberta,
south to northern Oregon and western Montana.

Genus FALCIPENNIS Euuior

Falcipennis Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 23. Type, by
monotypy, Falcipennis hartlaubit Eliot = Tetrao falcipennis Hart-

laub.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1886-1887.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 37

—— Falcipennis falcipennis (Hartlaub)
Tetrao falcipennis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 39. (Southern
shores of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Stanovoi Mountains.)
Falcipennis falcipennis muratai Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1,
1928, p. 284. (Sisuka-mura, Sisuka-gun, Sisuka Prefecture-District,
southern Sakhalin.)
Eastern Transbaikalia, and the Stanovoi Mountains to the Sea of
Okhotsk, south to the Little Chingan range and the lower Amur region;
Island of Sakhalin.

GENus TETRASTES KeryserLiInc AND BLASIUS

Tetrastes Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Eur., 1840, p. lxiv, 109, 200.
Type, by monotypy, Tetrao bonasia Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1887-1893.

~~~ Tetrastes bonasia bonasia (Linné)

Tetrao Bonasia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 160. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden ex Fn. Svec.)
Scandinavian Peninsula, Lapland and northern Russia, south to the
Baltic Sea and middle Russia east to the Urals. (According to Hartert
south in the Urals to Orenburg.)

———~ Tetrastes bonasia rupestris (C. L. Brehm)

Bonasia rupestris C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 513. (Banks of the Elbe, near K6nigstein.)

Tetrao Bonasa rhenana Kleinschmidt, Ornis germanica, in Falco, 1917,
p. 7. (Rhein.)
Middle Germany south to western France (formerly the Pyrenees), the

Alps region, the Carpathians and the Balkan States to Albania (?) and
Bulgaria.

Tetrastes bonasia volgensis Buturlin

?Tetrastes gryseiventris (sic) Menzbier, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow,
55, pt. 1, 1880, p. 105, pl. 4. (Cherdyn, Gouvernement Perm.)!

Tetrastes bonasia volgensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 7, 1916, p. 227. (Valley
of the Sura River, near Barish, central part of Gouvernement
Simbirsk.)

1 This may be an earlier name for volgensis or it may be the same as T.. b.
bonasia. Being based on an aberration the description cannot convey the actual
characters of the race from northern Perm and its identity must rest on normal
specimens from that region.

Many subspecies of Tetrastes bonasia have been proposed whose describers
have not taken into account the fact that the species is dichromatic.

38 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Bonasia bonasia grassmanni Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 68, 1920, p. 227.
(Slonim, Poland.)
Latvia and central Poland eastward across middle Russia.

Tetrastes bonasia sibiricus Buturlin

? Tetrastes orientalis Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 7, 1909, p. 178.
(Exact locality unknown, type believed to have been collected either
in Transbaikalia or northern Mongolia.)

Tetrastes bonasia sibiricus Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 7, 1916, p. 224. (New
name for Tetrao bonasia septentrionalis Seebohm (‘the Siberian
race’), not Bonasia septentrionalis C. L. Brehm.

Forested parts of Siberia from Tobolsk to the Baikal ranges, south to

the Altai, Sajan Range, northern Mongolia and northern Amurland.

Tetrastes bonasia kolymensis Buturlin
Tetrastes bonasia kolymensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 7, 1916, p. 226.
(Sredne-Kolymsk and Yakutsk, eastern Siberia.)
Verkhoyansk and Kolyma districts of Yakutsk Province, eastern Siberia.

Tetrastes bonasia amurensis Riley
Tetrastes bonasia amurensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, Jan., 1916,
p. 17. (Near I-mien-po, northern Kirin, Manchuria.)
Tetrastes bonasia amurensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 7, Dec. 1916, p. 226.
(Nikolaevsk and Siedanka, Amur.)
Tetrastes bonasia ussuriensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 7, 1916, p. 222,
227. (Gocharovo and Khanka, Ussuri.)
Little Chingan Mountains and southern Amur up to Blagovestchensk,
south to northern Manchuria and Ussuri.

?Tetrastes bonasia coreensis Kuroda and Mori
Tetrastes bonasia coreensis Kuroda and Mori, Auk, 39, 1922, p. 365.
(Kogen District, Korea.)
Mountainous parts of Korea. (Doubtfully distinct from amurensis.)

Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas Riley

Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 161.
(Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.)

Tetrastes bonasia yamashinai Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1928,
p. 231. (Aton, Sisuka-mura, Sisuka-gun, Sisuka Prefecture-District,
southern Sakhalin.)

Islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido.

1 But see Fediusin, Beitr. Erf. Flora und Fauna Weissrussl., Band 4, 1929,
p. 39-57.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 39

—~Tetrastes sewerzowi sewerzowi Przewalski
Tetrastes Sewerzowt Przewalski, Mongol iStrana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 130,
pl. 18. (Mountains of Kansu in the lower and middle ranges.)
Koko-nor and Kansu.

——Tetrastes sewerzowi secunda Riley
Tetrastes sewerzowi secunda Riley, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 423. (Near Tat-
sienlu, 12000 ft., Szechwan.)

Mountains of western Szechwan.

Genus BONASA STEPHENS

Bonasa Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 9, pt. 2, 1819, p. 298. Type, by
subsequent designation, Tetrao umbellus Linné. (A. O. U. Committee
1886.)

Hylobrontes Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 198. Type, by original designa-
tion, T'etrao umbellus Linné. (New name to replace Bonasa Stephens,
thought to be transferable to Tetrao cupido Linné under the ‘‘first
species”’ rule.)

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 81-82.

—-Bonasa umbellus yukonensis Grinnell
Bonasa umbellus yukonensis Grinnell, Condor, 18, 1916, p. 166. (Forty-
mile, Yukon Territory, Yukon River near the Alaska boundary.)
Alaska, interior of Yukon Territory and southern Mackenzie, south

to northern British Columbia, northern Alberta and northwestern Sas-
katchewan.

~~ Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Douglas)
Tetrao Umbelloides Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, pt. 1, 1829,
p. 148. (Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N., and near the
sources of the Columbia east of the Coast and Cascade ranges.)
Southern British Columbia east of the Coast and Cascade Ranges,
central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan and central Manitoba, south to
eastern Oregon, northern Utah, northern Colorado, western South Da-
kota, and northwestern Minnesota.

~~"Bonasa umbellus sabini (Douglas)

Tetrao Sabini Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, pt. 1, 1829, p. 137.
(‘‘Coast of Northwest America between the 40° and 49° parallels from
Cape Mendocino to Vancouver’s Island.’’)

Vancouver Island and the adjacent coast region of British Columbia
south (west of the Cascade Range) to Humboldt County, California.
~~Bonasa umbellus togata (Linné)

Tetrao togata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 275. (Canada, 7.e.,
the region between Montreal and Quebec.)

40 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

James Bay eastward to the northern shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
south to northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, south-central Michi-
gan, central New York, and northern Massachusetts, south in the moun-
tains to North Carolina.

Bonasa umbeilus umbellus (Linné)

Tetrao wmbellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 275. (Pennsyl-

vania.)

Central Minnesota, north-central Wisconsin, southern Michigan, cen-
tral New York and northern Massachusetts south to eastern Kansas,
northern Arkansas, Tennessee and northern North Carolina, in the moun-
tains to northwestern Georgia.

Bonasa umbellus thayeri Bangs
Bonasa umbellus thayert Bangs, Auk, 29, 1912, 378. (Digby, Nova
Scotia.)
Nova Scotian Peninsula, possibly also eastern New Brunswick.

GrENus PEDIOECETES Batrp

Pedioecetes Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. xxi, xliv.
Type, by monotypy, Pedioecetes phasianellus (Linné) = Tetrao phasi-
anellus Linné.

Pediocxtes Baird, op. cit., p. 619, 625. Same type.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 86-87.

Pedioecetes phasianellus phasianellus (Linné)
Tetrao Phasianellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 160. (Canada
= Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 117.)
Central Alaska and northwestern British Columbia east to central-
western Ungava; south to northern Alberta, Lake Superior and southern
Ontario.

Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus (Ord)
Phasianus Columbianus Ord, in Guthrie’s Geogr., 2nd Am. ed., 2, 1815,
p. 317. (Great Plains of the Columbia River, based on the “grouse
or prairie hen,’’ of Lewis and Clark Exped., 2, p. 180.)
British Columbia (except northwestern) south to northern California,
Utah and western Colorado.

?Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi Lincoln
Pedioecetes phasianellus jamest Lincoln, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30,
1917, p. 84. (Castle Rock [Douglas County] Colorado.)
Central-eastern Colorado in ‘‘the broken country adjoining the eastern
foothills.”’ (Doubtfully distinct from campestris.)

1 This name has been variously misspelled Pedicecetes, Pediseceetes, Pedio-
ceetes, etc.

FAMILY TETRAONIDAE 41

——— Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris Ridgway

Pediecetes phastanellus campestris Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
2, 1884, p. 93. (Illinois, and Rosebud Creek, Montana.)

Central Alberta and central Manitoba south to northeastern Colorado,
Kansas and Wisconsin, formerly to northern Illinois.

Genus TYMPANUCHUS GtocsEr
Tympanuchus Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 396.
Type, by monotypy, Tetrao cupido Linné.
cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 85-86.
Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 70, 1930, p. 155-156.
Gross, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 493-558.
~~——*Tympanuchus cupido cupido (Linné)

Tetrao Cupido Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 160. (Virginia, ex
Catesby.)

Formerly occurred from southern New England to the Potomac River.
Since 1830 confined to the island of Marthas Vineyard. Now extinct.
— Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus (Brewster)
Cupidonia americana Auct. plur. not of Reichenbach.

Cupidonia pinnata Brewster, Auk, 2, 1885, p. 82. (Vermilion, South
Dakota.)

Central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, south
to eastern Colorado, northeastern Texas, Arkansas and Indiana.!
~~ ~Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bendire

Tympanuchus attwateri Bendire, Forest and Stream, 40, 1893, p. 425.
(Refugio and Aransas Counties, Texas.)

Coast region of Texas and southwestern Louisiana.
“Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (Ridgway)

Cupidonia cupido var. pallidicincta Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873,
p. 199. (Prairies of Texas near lat. 32° N.)

Great Plains, from Kansas to New Mexico and west-central Texas.

Genus CENTROCERCUS Swainson

Centrocercus Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am.,
2, 1831 (1832), p. 358, 496. Type, by original designation, Tetrao
urophasianus Bonaparte.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 87.

1 Some form of T'ympanuchus cupido formerly inhabited the Pine Barrens of
Kentucky. No specimens from these are in existence and the plate in Wil-

son’s American Ornithology, drawn from a Kentucky bird, is not identifiable
to subspecies.

42 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte)
Tetrao urophastanus Bonaparte, Zool. Journ., 3, 1827, p. 213. (“‘ North-
western countries beyond the Mississippi especially on the Missouri.’’)
Sagebrush plains of western North America from southern British Col-
umbia, southern Saskatchewan and northwestern North Dakota, south to
middle-eastern California, northwestern New Mexico and northwestern
Nebraska.

Famity PHASIANIDAE

SuBFAMILY ODONTOPHORINAE
GEeNus DENDRORTYX Gov.p

Dendrortyxz Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 1, 1844, pl. [3] and text
(= pl. 20 of bound volume). Type, by monotypy, Ortyx macroura
Jardine and Selby.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 287-290.

Dendrortyx barbatus Gould
Dendrortyx barbatus ‘‘ Lichtenstein” Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 2,
1846, pl. [2] and text (= pl. 22 of bound volume). (Jalapa, Vera
Cruz.)
Mexico, in the mountain forests of the State of Vera Cruz.

Dendrortyx macroura macroura (Jardine and Selby)
Ortyx macroura Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 1, 1828, text to pls. 38 (in
‘““Ortyx synopsis specierum”’) and 49 and text. (Mexico.)
Highlands of eastern Mexico in State of Vera Cruz.

Dendrortyx macroura griseipectus ! Nelson

Dendrortyx macrourus griseipectus Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 44. (Huit-
zilac, Morelos, Mexico.)

Oak forests on the Pacific slope of the Mexican Cordillera in states of
Morelos and Mexico.

Dendrortyx macroura dilutus Nelson
Dendrortyx macrourus dilutus Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 254. (Patz-
cuaro, Michoacan, Mexico.)
Mexico in the Sierra Madre of Michoacan and Sierra Nevada de Co-
lima (?).
Dendrortyx macroura striatus Nelson
Dendrortyx macrourus striatus Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 44. (Moun-
tains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.)
Western Mexico in the Cordillera of Guerrero above 8000 feet.

1 The subspecies of Dendrortyx macroura all require confirmation based on
examination of adequate series.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 43

Dendrortyx macroura oaxacae Nelson

Dendrortyx oaxacz Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 43. (Totontepec, Oaxaca,
Mexico.)

Mountains of eastern Oaxaca from the Cerro San Felipe to Mount
Zempoaltepec.
Dendrortyx leucophrys leucophrys (Gould)

Ortyx leucophrys Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848 (1844), p. 132.
(Coban, Guatemala.)

Highlands of Guatemala.

~—-Dendrortyx leucophrys nicaraguae Miller and Griscom

Dendrortyx leucophrys nicarague Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit.,
no. 183, 1925, p. 1. (Jalapa, 4000 feet, Nicaragua.)

Highlands of Honduras and Nicaragua.

~~Dendrortyx hypospodius Salvin

Dendrortyx hypospodius Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1896, p. 5.
(Azalias [= Azahar] de Cartago, Costa Rica.)

Highlands of Costa Rica.

Genus OREORTYX Barrp

Oreortyx Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. xlv, 638,
642. Type, by monotypy, Ortyx picta Douglas.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 90-91.
Oberholser, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 80-84.

Oreortyx picta palmeri Oberholser

Oreortyx picta palmerit Oberholser, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 84. (Yaquina,
Oregon.)

Coastal strip from southwestern Washington south to Monterey County,
California.
Oreortyx picta picta (Douglas)

Ortyx picta Douglas,! Philos. Mag., n. s., 5, 1829, p. 74. (‘‘Interior of
New California’? = headwaters of the Umpqua River near the Cala-
pooia Mountains, fide Oberholser supra p. 82.)

Mountain regions from the Columbia River south to California and east
to the Cascade Mountains and western Nevada.
Oreortyx picta confinis Anthony

Oreortyx picta confinis Anthony, Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), 2, 1889, p. 74.
(San Pedro Martir Mountains, 8500 ft., Lower California.)

Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California.

1 Ortyx plumifera Gould is a synonym.

4A CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENus CALLIPEPLA WaGLEeR

Callipepla Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 277. Type, by monotypy,
Callipepla strenua Wagler = Ortyx squamatus Vigors.

cf. Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodél. Cl., 4, 1914, p. 99-100.

Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster

Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 6, 1881,
p. 72. (Rio San Pedro, Arizona, cotypes from San Pedro River,
o and Fort Bowie, °.)

Central Arizona, southern Colorado and western Texas south at least
to northern part of the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua and Coahuila.

Callipepla squamata squamata (Vigors)
Ortyx squamatus Vigors, Zool. Journ., 5, 1830, p. 275. (Mexico.)

Mexico from southern Sonora, southern Chihuahua and southern
Coahuila to Jalisco, Guanajuato and Mexico.

Callipepla squamata castanogastris Brewster

Callipepla squamata castanogastris Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 8,
1883, p. 34. (Rio Grande City, Texas.)

Callipepla castaneiventer Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893,
p. 395 (in key), p. 396. (Substitute name for castanogastris.)

Southern Texas from Eagle Pass and San Antonio south through eastern
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.

Grnus LOPHORTYX BonaAPaRTE

Lophortyx Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 42. Type, by
subsequent designation, Tetrao californicus Shaw. (Gray, List Gen.
Bds. 1840, p. 61.)

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 89-90.

Grinnell, Condor, 33, 1931, p. 37-38.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 292-293.

Lophortyx californica brunnescens Ridgway

Lophortyx californicus brunnescens Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2,
1884, p. 94. (Santa Barbara, California, error = San Francisco.)

Humid Pacific coast region from southwestern Oregon south to Santa
Cruz County, California. Introduced into several places in western North
America and into Chile.

Lophortyx californica californica (Shaw)

Tetrao californicus Shaw, Nat. Misc., 9, 1798, pl. 345 and text. (Cali-
fornia = Monterey.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 45

Callipepla californica vallicola Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885,
p. 355. (Interior valleys of California, type from Baird, Shasta
County, California.)

Lophortyz californica plumbea Grinnell, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 128. (San
José, 2500 ft., 45 miles northeast of San Quintin, Lower California.)

Lophortyx californica orecta Oberholser, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat.
Hist., 4, 1932, p. 2. (Mouth of Twenty Mile Creek, Warner Valley,
9 miles south of Adel, Oregon.)

Subarid interior region of the western United States from Klamath

Lake, Oregon, south into Lower California to about lat. 30° N.

Lophortyx californica catalinensis Grinnell

Lophortyx catalinensis Grinnell, Auk, 28, 1906, p. 262. (Avalon, Santa
Catalina Island, California.)

Santa Catalina Island, Los Coronados Islands.

~—~Lophortyx californica achrustera Peters

Lophortyx californica achrustera Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 8,
1923, p. 79. (La Paz, Lower California.)

Peninsula of Lower California from lat. 30° N., southward.

~~~Lophortyx gambelii gambelii Gambel

Lophortyx Gambelii ‘‘Nutt.’’ Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1843, p. 260. (‘“‘Some distance west [t.e. east] of California” =
southern Nevada, fide A. O. U. committee 1910.)

Southern Nevada and southwestern Utah south to extreme north-
eastern Lower California, northern Sonora, southwestern New Mexico
and extreme western Texas.

-—— Lophortyx gambelii sana Mearns

Lophortyx gambelii sanus Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p.
113. (Olathe, Montrose County, Colorado.)

Western Colorado in the drainage areas of the Uncompagre and Gun-
nison rivers and the portion of the Rio Grande valley lying in Colorado.}

1 Figgins, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 62-69, gives an account of the introduction of
L. gambelii into western Colorado in 1885 and points out the characters by
which specimens from that state differ from California specimens. This ac-
count forms the chief basis of Mearns’ description of L.g.sanus. I cannot help
but feel that there must be some mistake about supposing that the presence of
the species in Colorado is due to introduction. The Colorado specimens really
differ from California ones in just the characters that both Figgins and
Mearns point out, and it seems improbable for so distinct a subspecies to have
evolved in the short period between 1885 and 1912. Two other suppositions
remain open, Ist that sanus is an endemic race in western Colorado; 2nd that
the introduced birds come from a stock bearing the same racial characters as
does sanus, and constitute a recognizable geographic race. Direct comparison
with specimens from southern Nevada and southern Utah is desired.

46 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lophortyx gambelii fulvipectus (Nelson)
Callipepla gambeli fulvipectus Nelson, Auk, 16, 1899, p. 26. (Camoa,
Rio Mayo, Sonora.)
Southwestern Sonora.

Lophortyx gambelii pembertoni van Rossem
Lophortyx gambelit pembertoni van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist., 12, 1932, p. 132. (Petrel Bay, south of Narragansett Point,
east side of Tiburén Island.)
Confined to Tiburén Island in the Gulf of California.

?Lophortyx leucoprosopon Reichenow
Lophortyx leucoprosopon Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895, p. 11;
figured op. cit., p. 97. (Origin unknown; description based on a liv-
ing pair in a private aviary, believed to have been bought from a
sailor arriving at Hamburg, Germany.)

Probably a hybrid L. gambelit x L. douglasi.

Lophortyx douglasii bensoni (Ridgway)
Callipepla elegans bensoni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887,
p. 148. (Campos, Sonora.)
Western Mexico in State of Sonora.

Lophortyx douglasii douglasii (Vigors)
Ortyx Douglasii Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1829, p. 354. (Monterey, error =
Mazatlan, Sinaloa.)
Western Mexico in states of Sinaloa and Jalisco.

Genus PHILORTYX Gou.Lp
Philortyxz Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 2, 1846, pl. [6] and text [= pl.
14 of bound volume]. Type, by monotypy, Ortyx fasciatus Gould.
cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 294.

Philortyx fasciatus (Gould)
Ortyx fasciatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843 (1844), p. 183.
(California, error = Mexico.)
Southwestern Mexico in states of Colima, Guerrero and Puebla.

GENus COLINUS Go.pruss

Colinus Goldfuss, Handb. Zool., 2, 1820, p. 220. Type, by monotypy,
“« Perdix mexicanus, Caille de la Louisiana, pl. Enl. no. 149” = Tetrao
virginianus Linné.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 87-88.

1 Vigors’ description cited here antedates Ortyx Douglasii Douglas in the
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1829, p. 145, by a few weeks.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 47

Nelson, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 121-122; 18, 1901, p. 389-390, and text to
pl. 6

Todd, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 189-220 (Eupsychortyx).

Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 28, 1930, p. 72-73.

~ Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linné)

Tetrao virginianus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 161. (‘‘America”’
= Virginia.)

Colinus virginianus taylori Lincoln, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915,
p. 103. (Laird, Yuma County, Colorado.)

South Dakota, southern Minnesota, southern Ontario and south-
western Maine, south to eastern Colorado, northern and eastern Texas,
the Gulf coast and northern Florida. Introduced into several of the
western States; Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Croix and St. Kitts. In the
northern part of its range the repeated introductions of stock from the
southern States, Texas and northern Mexico have polluted the blood of
the original strain to give rise to a weakened stock now incapable of with-
standing a hard northern winter.

- Colinus virginianus floridanus (Coues)

Ortyx virginianus var. floridanus Coues, Key N. Am. Bds., 1872, p. 237.
(Florida, type from Enterprise, Volusia County.)

Colinus bahamensis Maynard, App. to Cat. Bds. West Indies, 1899,
p. 33. (Island of New Providence, Bahama Islands.)

Florida Peninsula; Bahama Islands (introduced?).

{Colinus virginianus insulanus Howe

Colinus virginianus insulanus Howe, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, 1904,
p. 168. (Key West, Florida.)

Known only from the type. Inhabited Key West and perhaps other
islands in the Florida Keys; now extinct.

~ Colinus virginianus cubanensis (G. R. Gray)

Ortyx cubanensis ‘‘Gould” G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, p. [514].
(Cuba. New name for the bird described as Ortyx virginianus in La
Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1839, p. 182.)

Cuba and the Isle of Pines. The original race now blended with blood

of typical virginianus through introductions. Introduced into the
Dominican Republic.

Colinus virginianus texanus (Lawrence)
Ortyx Texanus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, 1853, p. 1.
(Near Ringgold Barracks, Texas.)

Southeastern New Mexico to southern Texas and south to north-
eastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and central Tamaulipas.

48 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Colinus virginianus maculatus Nelson

Colinus virginianus maculatus Nelson, Auk, 16, 1899, p. 26. (Alta Mira,
Tamaulipas, Mexico.)

Ortyx graysont panucensis Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, 1908, p. 18.
(Valley of the Panuco River, near Tampico, Mexico.)

Central Tamaulipas south to eastern San Luis Potosi.

Colinus virginianus graysoni (Lawrence)
Ortyx graysoni Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, 1867, p. 476.
(Guadalajara, Mexico.)

Southern part of the Mexican tableland from northern Jalisco, western
and southern San Luis Potosi south to the Valley of Mexico.

Colinus virginianus nigripectus Nelson

Colinus graysont nigripectus Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 47. (Atlixco,
Puebla, Mexico.)
Tableland of the southern part of the State of Puebla.

Colinus virginianus pectoralis (Gould)
Ortyx pectoralis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 182.
(Mexico.)
Eastern base of the Cordillera in Vera Cruz from Jalapa to the Isthmus
of Tehuantepec.

Colinus virginianus godmani Nelson

Colinus godmani Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 45. (Jaltipan, Vera Cruz,
Mexico.)

Lowlands of southern Vera Cruz.

Colinus virginianus minor Nelson
Colinus minor Nelson, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 47. (Palenque, Chiapas,
Mexico.)
Grassy plains in the northeastern part of Chiapas and adjacent portion
of Tabasco; probably also neighboring sections of Guatemala.

Colinus virginianus insignis Nelson
Colinus insignis Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 46. (Nenton, Guatemala.)

Comitan Valley in eastern Chiapas and in the adjacent part of western
Guatemala.

Colinus virginianus salvini Nelson

Colinus salvint Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 45. (Tapachula, Chiapas,
Mexico.)

Coast plains of southern Chiapas near the Guatemala border.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 49

Colinus virginianus coyolcos (P. L. S. Miller)
Tetrao Coyoleos (sic) P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 129.
(Mexico, based on ‘“‘le Coyolcos”’ of Buffon.)
Pacific coast of Oaxaca and Chiapas from the City of Tehuantepec to
Tonala.

Colinus virginianus thayeri Bangs and Peters
Colinus virginianus thayert Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
68, 1928, p. 386. (Chivela, Oaxaca, Mexico.)
Known only from the type locality on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in
eastern Oaxaca.

Colinus virginianus atriceps (Ogilvie-Grant)
Ortyx atriceps Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 415 (in
key), p. 424. (Putla, Oaxaca, Mexico.)
Known only from the type locality.

—— Colinus virginianus ridgwayi Brewster
Colinus ridgwayt Brewster, Auk, 2, 1885, p. 199. (18 miles southwest
of Sasabe, Sonora, Mexico [= lat. 31° 20’ N.; long. 111° 50’ W.]))
Middle part of southern Arizona boundary south to northern-central
Sonora.

?Colinus virginianus castaneus (Gould):
Ortyx castanea Gould, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1848), p. 182.
(Type locality unknown.)!

~~~ Colinus nigrogularis nigrogularis (Gould)
Ortyx nigrogularis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 181.
(Mexico = Yucatan; cf. Cabot, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 4,
1844, p. 460.)

Yucatan Peninsula.

Colinus nigrogularis coffini Nelson
Colinus nigrogularis coffint Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932, p.
170. (La Libertad, Peten, Guatemala.)
Lake Peten district of Guatemala and the open pine-forested parts of
British Honduras.

1 Gould’s description, cited above, and the plate in the Monogr. Odontoph.
have never been identified with any known Colinus. However, there is a large
area in western Mexico between the ranges of ridgwayz and atriceps from which
no Colinus is known, and it is quite possible that it may have come from some-
where between northern Sonora and western Oaxaca. Judging from Gould’s
plate the characters of the bird appear to be intermediate between ridgwayt
and atriceps. On the other hand Gould’s description and plate were based on
an aviary specimen and Gould himself suspected that ‘‘the individual in ques-
tion had assumed some unnatural style of coloring.”

50 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Colinus nigrogularis segoviensis Ridgway
Colinus nigrogularis segoviensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10,
1888, p. 593. (Segovia River, Honduras.)
Caribbean lowlands of Honduras (and northern Nicaragua?).

Colinus leucopogon hypoleucus (Gould)
Eupsychortyx hypoleucus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 62.
(Acajutla, ‘‘Mexico”’ [= Salvador].)
Western Guatemala and El Salvador west of the Lempa River.

Colinus leucopogon leucopogon (Lesson)
Ortyx leucopogon Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 175. (San Carlos, Central

America = La Union, El Salvador.)

El Salvador, east of the Lempa River.

Colinus leucopogon leylandi (Moore)
Ortyx leylandi Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 62. (‘‘Flores on
the road from Omoa to Comayagua,’’ Honduras.)
Western Honduras and western Nicaragua.

Colinus leucopogon dickeyi Conover
Colinus leucopogon dickeyi Conover, Condor, 34, 1932, p. 174. (Las
Canfas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.)
Plateau region and western slope of Costa Rica, probably also adjacent
parts of southwestern Nicaragua.

Colinus cristatus panamensis Dickey and van Rossem
Colinus leucotis panamensis Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 32, 1930,
p. 73. (Agua Dulce, Coclé, western Panama.)
Pacific lowlands of western Panama in departments of Coclé and
Veraguas.

Colinus cristatus decoratus (Todd)
Eupsychortyx decoratus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 6.
(Calamar, Colombia.)
Northern Colombia from the Rio Sinu to the western edge of the Santa
Marta region, up the Magdalena Valley at least to Calamar.

Colinus cristatus leucotis (Gould)

Ortyx leucotis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848 (1844), p. 1383.
(Santa Fé de Bogoté = Honda, 600 ft. Magdalena River, Colombia,
suggested by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 199.)

Andean region of Colombia from Antioquia and Santander south to the

head waters of the Rio Patia.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 51

Colinus cristatus littoralis (Todd)
Eupsychortyx cristatus littoralis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917,
p. 6. (Mamotoco, Santa Marta region, Colombia.)
Lower tropical zone of the Santa Marta region of Colombia.

Colinus cristatus cristatus (Linné)
Tetrao cristatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 277. (‘‘Mexico,
Guiana ”’? = Curacao.)
Eupsychortyx cristatus continentis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Orn. Ser., 1, 1913, p. 283. (El Panorama, Rio Aurare, Venezuela.)
Goajira Peninsula, Colombia; western Venezuela in states of Zulia,
Faleén and Lara; islands of Aruba and Curagao.

Colinus cristatus horvathi (Madardsz)
Eupsychortyx horvdthi Madardész, Ann. Mus. Hung., 2, 1904, p. 116,
pl. 12. (Perigosa [ = Pedregosa], 1600 met., near Mérida, Venezuela.)
Andes of Mérida, Venezuela.

~Colinus cristatus sonnini (Temminck)
Perdiz Sonnini Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 451, 737. (Cayenne.)!
Colombia east of the Andes, Venezuela (except part included in ranges
of horvdthi, cristatus and mocqueryst), the Guianas and extreme northern
Brazil.

——Colinus cristatus mocquerysi (Hartert)
Eupsychortyx mocquerysi Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 37.
(Cuman4, Venezuela.)
Eupsychortyx pallidus Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 18, 1896,
p. 657. (Margarita Island, Venezuela.)
Extreme northeastern Venezuela and Margarita Island.

Genus ODONTOPHORUS VIzILLoT

Odontophorus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 51. Type, by monotypy,
“Tocro,” Buffon = Tetrao gujanensis Gmelin.
cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 309-312.
Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 25-29.
Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 200-201; 55, 1926,
p. 159-161.
Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 3-7.

~~~ Odontophorus gujanensis castigatus Bangs
Odontophorus castigatus Bangs, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 356. (Divala, Chiriqui,
Panama.)
Southwestern Costa Rica and northwestern Panama (Chiriqui).

1 Ortyx parvicristatus Gould is considered a synonym by Todd, Auk, 37,
1920, p. 195-199.

D2, CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus (Gould)
Ortyx (Odontophorus) marmoratus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 18438,
p. 107. (Santa Fé de Bogota.)
Odontophorus guianensis panamensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 34, 1915, p. 363. (Line of Panama Railroad.)
Odontophorus guianensis panamensis Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 26. (Lion
Hill, Panama.) Described as a new subspecies!

Odontophorus guianensis chapmani Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 69,
1929, p. 153. (Cana, eastern Panama.)

Panama from the Canal Zone eastward, south to northern Colombia.

Odontophorus gujanensis polionotus Osgood and Conover

Odontophorus guianensis canescens Osgood and Conover, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1922, p. 27, pl. 1, lower fig. (Rio
Cogollo, 350 ft., Dist. of Perij4, Zulia, Venezuela.) Not Odontophorus
parambae canescens Chapman.

Odontophorus guianensis polionotus Osgood and Conover, Auk, 44, 1927,
p. 561. (New name for the above.)

Northwestern Venezuela.

Odontophorus gujanensis gujanensis (Gmelin)

Tetrao gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 767. (Cayenne
and Guiana; Cayenne accepted as type locality by Berlepsch and
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 121.)

From the Caura Valley in eastern Venezuela east through the Guianas,
southern boundary of range not known.
?Odontophorus gujanensis rufinus (Spix)

Perdix rufina Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 60, pl. 76b.! (‘‘In sylvis fl.
Amazonum.’’)

Lower Amazon Valley. The range of this form and validity of the char-
acters assigned to it by Chubb (supra, p. 25-28) require further investi-
gation.

Odontophorus gujanensis medius Chapman

Odontophorus guianensis medius Chapman, Am. IVER Novit., no. 380,
1929, p. 3. (Cafio Seco, 2250 ft., Mt. Duida, Venezuela.)

Mount Duida region of southern Voneausle:

Odontophorus gujanensis buckleyi Chubb
Odontophorus guianensis buckleyi Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 27. (Sarayacu,
eastern Ecuador.)
Southeastern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador to the north

bank of the Marafion, east to the left bank of the Rio Solimoés in western
Brazil.

1 The plate is referred to as 75c in the text.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 538

Odontophorus gujanensis pachyrhynchus Tschudi
Odontophorus pachyrhynchus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844,
p. 306. (Eastern slope of the Andes in Peru.)

Eastern Peru, known only from east and southeast of the Junin region.

Odontophorus gujanensis simonsi Chubb
Odontophorus guianensis simonsi Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 26. (San Ernesto,
1000 met., Mapiri, Bolivia.)
Northwestern Bolivia.

?Odontophorus capueira plumbeicollis Cory

Odontophorus plumbeicollis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 294. (Serra de Baturité, Ceard, Brazil.)

Known only from the unique type.

~—~ Odentophorus capueira capueira (Spix)
Perdizx capueira Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 59, pl. 76a.1 (Rio de Janeiro
and Minas Geraés.)
Eastern Brazil from southern Bahia south to Paraguay, Misiones and
Rio Grande do Sul.?

~~ Odontophorus erythrops verecundus Peters

Odontophorus melanotis verecundus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 69,
1929, p. 404. (Lancetilla, 1100 ft., Honduras.)

Known only from the type locality.

~~ Odontophorus erythrops melanotis Salvin

Odontophorus melanotis Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864 (1865),
p. 586. (Tucurrique, Costa Rica.)

Nicaragua, northern and eastern Costa Rica.

Odontophorus erythrops coloratus Griscom
Odontophorus melanotis coloratus Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 280,
1927, p. 3. (Guaval, Rio Calovevora, 1500 ft., Caribbean slope of
western Panama.)
Caribbean slope of western Panama east to Veraguas. (Specimens from
Talamanca, southeastern Costa Rica, may be referable to this race.)

Odontophorus erythrops erythrops Gould
Odontophorus erythrops Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 99.
(Pallatanga, Ecuador.)
Western Ecuador.

1 The plate is referred to as 75b in the text.

2 Tremoleras, Hornero, 4, 1927, p. 17, records this species from the Dept.
of Tacuarembé, Uruguay, but he himself did not see specimens, nor does it
appear that any were preserved.

54 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould

Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857 (1858),
p. 223. (Santa Fé de Bogota.)

Subtropical zone of the Andes of Colombia.

Odontophorus melanonotus Gould

Odontophorus melanonotus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 382.
(Ecuador.)

Subtropical zone of western Ecuador.

Odontophorus speciosus Tschudi

Odontophorus speciosus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1843, p. 387.
(‘In sylvis apud flumina Aynamayo et Chanchomayo,”’ Peru.)

Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.

Odontophorus loricatus Todd

Odontophorus capistratus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932, p. 215.
(Cerro Hosane, Bolivia.) Not Ortyx capistrata Jardine and Selby.

Odontophorus loricatus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932, p. 237.
New name for the above.

Known only from the type locality.

Odontophorus parambae parambae Rothschild

Odontophorus parambe Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1897, p. 6.
(Paramba, 3500 ft., Ecuador.)

Odontophorus baliolus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 71.
(Naranjito, 3900 ft., Rio Dagua, western Colombia.)

Pacific slope of northwestern South America from the head waters of
the Rio Atrato, Colombia, south to Zaruma, Ecuador.

Odontophorus parambae canescens Chapman

Odontophorus parambe canescens Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18,
1921, p. 4. (Alamor, 4500 ft., Loja, Ecuador.)

Subtropical zone of southwestern Ecuador from the Zaruma region
south to the Peruvian boundary.

Odontophorus strophium (Gould)

Ortyx (Odontophorus) strophium Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843
(1844), p. 134. (‘“‘Southern countries of Mexico” = Colombia.)

Bogota region of Colombia.

Odontophorus atrifrons atrifrons Allen

Odontophorus atrifrons Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18, 1900, p.
127. (Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia.)

Subtropical zone of the Santa Marta Mts., in Colombia.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 55

Odontophorus atrifrons variegatus Todd
Odontophorus variegatus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 116.
(La Pica, Santander, Colombia.)
Eastern Andes of Colombia.

Odontophorus leucolaemus Salvin
Odontophorus leucolemus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 161.
(Cordillera de Tolé, Veraguas, Panama.)
Odontophorus smithianus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 39. (San Joaquin de Dota, 4000 ft., western Costa Rica.)
Highlands of northern and eastern Costa Rica south on the Caribbean
slope of western Panama to Veraguas.

Odontophorus columbianus (Gould)

Odontophorus columbianus Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 3, 1 Nov.
1850,! pl. [2] and text [= pl. 30 of bound volume]. (Caracas.)
Mountains of northern Venezuela (Cumbre de Valencia, Silla de

Caracas).

Odontophorus séderstrémii Lonnberg and Rendahl
Odontophorus séderstrémit Lénnberg and Rendahl, Ark. f. Zool., 14, no.
25, 1922, p. 16. (Near Napo, 3000-4000 ft., Ecuador.)
Known only from the type.

Odontophorus balliviani Gould
Odontophorus Balliviant Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 69.
(Forests of Cocapata, Cochabamba, Bolivia.)
Peru (Huasampilla) and Bolivia (Dept. of Cochabamba).

-—— Odontophorus stellatus (Gould)
Ortyx (Odontophorus) stellata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842
(1843), p. 183. (Brazil.)
Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru east to the lower Rio Madeira.
~~ —~Odontophorus guttatus (Gould)
Ortyz guttata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837 (1838), p. 79.
(‘Bay of Honduras.’’)
Odontophorus veraguensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 107.
(Veraguas, Panama.)?
Odontophorus consobrinus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893,
p. 469. (Hacienda Mirador, near Huatusco, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Southern Mexico from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca south to Veraguas.

1 The description of this bird in the Proc. Zool. Soc. London was not pub-
lished until 1851.

2 I believe that veraguensis is merely an erythrism of guttatus; it is entirely
inconceivable that two such closely related species could occur together, as
these do from Irazti to Chiriqui. Consobrinus is now known to be the @ of
guttatus.

56 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus DACTYLORTYX OciLvin-GRANT

Dactylortyx Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. xiv, 99
(in key), 429. Type, by monotypy, Ortyzx thoracicus Gambel.
cf. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 64-68.

Dactylortyx thoracicus thoracicus (Gambel)

Ortyx thoracicus Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848, p. 77.
(Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Mountain slopes of eastern Mexico, chiefly in State of Vera Cruz.

Dactylortyx thoracicus sharpei Nelson

Dactylortyx thoracicus sharpet Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, 1903,
p. 152. (Apazote, Campeche, Mexico.)
Yucatan Peninsula.

Dactylortyx thoracicus devius Nelson

Dactylortyx devius Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 65, 68.
(San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.)

Western Mexico in states of Jalisco and Guerrero.

Dactylortyx thoracicus lineolatus (Gould)

Odontophorus lineolatus Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 3, 1850, pl. 5,
and text [= pl. 32 of bound volume]. (Mexico.)

Mountain slopes of southwestern Oaxaca and adjacent parts of western
Chiapas.

Dactylortyx thoracicus chiapensis Nelson

Dactylortyx chiapensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 65,
66. (San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico.)

Central Chiapas south through western Guatemala.

Dactylortyx thoracicus salvadoranus Dickey and van Rossem

Dactylortyx thoracicus saluadoranus Dickey and van Rossem, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p. 129. (Volcan San Miguel, 4000 ft.,
Dept. of San Miguel, El Salvador.)

Confined to the Volcan San Miguel, El Salvador.

Dactylortyx thoracicus taylori van Rossem

Dactylortyx thoracicus taylori van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist., 7, 1932, p. 151. (Mt. Cacaguatique, 3500 ft., Dept. San Miguel,
E] Salvador.)

Arid upper tropical zone on Mt. Cacaguatique, El Salvador and ad-
jacent parts of southern Honduras.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE SVE

GrENus CYRTONYX GouLp

Cyrtonyx Gould, Monogr. Odontoph., pt. 1, 1844, pl. [2] and text
[= pl. 7 of bound volume]. Type, by monotypy, Ortyx massena Les-
son = Ortyx montezumae Vigors.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 304-307.
Nelson, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 390-391 and text to pl. 15.
———Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi Nelson

Cyrtonyx montezume mearnsi Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 255. (Fort
Huachuca, Arizona.)

Central Arizona, central New Mexico and west-central Texas south to
eastern Sonora, Chihuahua and northern Coahuila.
Cyrtonyx montezumae montezumae (Vigors)

Ortyx Montezume Vigors, Zool. Journ., 5, June, 1830, p. 275. (Mexico);
Id., Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 1830, text to pl. 107.

Mexico from southern Sonora and west-central Tamaulipas south to
Jalisco, Valley of Mexico and Puebla.
————Cyrtonyx montezumae meleagris (Wagler)
Odontophorus Meleagris Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 278. (Mexico.)
Range not known.!

Cyrtonyx montezumae merriami Nelson

Cyrtonyx merriami Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 48. (Mt. Orizaba, Vera
Cruz, Mexico.)

Eastern slope of Mt. Orizaba.

——— Cyrtonyx sallei J. Verreaux

Cyrtonyz sallei J. Verreaux, in Thomson’s Arcana Nature, 1, 1859, p. 35,
pl. 4. (Mexico = State of Guerrero.)

Western Mexico in State of Guerrero.”

~~~ Cyrtonyx ocellatus ocellatus (Gould)
Ortyx ocellatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836 (1837), p. 75.
(Guatemala.)
Southwestern Mexico from Oaxaca through western Guatemala.

———— Cyrtonyx ocellatus differens Griscom

Cyrtonyzx ocellatus differens Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 13, 1932,
p. 56. (Hatillo, Honduras.)

Western Honduras and adjacent parts of northern Nicaragua.

1 Perhaps not different from merriami. Dr. A. Laubmann (én litt.) informs
me that Wagler’s type is no longer in the Wiirzburg Museum, having appar-
ently been lost.

2 Sallet and ocellatus are both representative forms of montezumae and
should perhaps be regarded as subspecies of the latter.

58 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Grnus RHYNCHORTYX OcItvize-GRant

Rhynchortyx Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. xv, 100
(in key), 443. Type, by monotypy, Odontophorus spodiostethus Salvin
and Odontophorus cinctus Salvin. (The former is the <%, the latter the
Q, of the same species.)

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 313-314.

Rhynchortyx cinctus pudibundus Peters

Rhynchoriyx cinctus pudibundus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 69,
1929, p. 405. (Lancetilla, 1000 ft., Honduras.)

Known only from the type locality in northern Honduras.

Rhynchortyx cinctus cinctus (Salvin)
Odontophorus cinctus Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 379. (Veraguas, western
Panama) = @.

Odontophorus spodiostethus Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 447. (Veraguas, western
Panama) = a’.

Odontophorus rubigenis ‘‘Lawr.’’ Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16,
1893, p. 525. (Panama.) In text, casual mention of a manuscript
name, but accompanied by brief description.

Nicaragua south to the Pacific slope of eastern Panama.

Rhynchortyx cinctus hypopius Griscom
Rhynchortyx cinctus hypopius Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 72,
1932, p. 320. (Obaldia, Caribbean slope of eastern Panama.)
Caribbean slope of eastern Panama.

Rhynchortyx cinctus australis Chapman

Rhynchortyx cinctus australis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34,
1915, p. 365. (Barbacoas, Colombia.)

Tropical zone of the Pacific slope of Colombia and northwestern
Ecuador.

Supramity PHASIANINAE
Genus LERWA Hopeson

Lerwa Hodgson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 5, 1837, p. 300. Type, by
monotypy and tautonymy, Perdix lerwa Hodgson.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 432-485; 7,
1930, p. 471.

Lerwa lerwa (Hodgson)

Perdiz Lerwa Hodgson, Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1833, p. 107. (North-
ern region of Nepal.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 59

Lerwa lerwa major R. Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927,
p. 101. (Tatsienlu, Szechuan.)
Afghanistan and the Himalayas east through Sikkim to the mountains

of western Szechuan.
Genus AMMOPERDIX GovuLp

Ammoperdix Gould, Bds. Asia, pt. 3, 1851, pl. 4, 5 and text. Type, by
subsequent designation, Perdix heyx Temminck. (Reichenbach, Av.
Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xxviii.)

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1916-1919.

~~Ammoperdix griseogularis (J. F. Brandt)
Perdix griseogularis J. F. Brandt, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb.,

Physico-Math. Cl., 1, 1848, col. 365. (Transcaspia and Persia; re-
stricted type locality, Persia, apud Hartert, antea, p. 1916.)!
Ammoperdix bonhami ter-meulent Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Jahrb., 15,
1904, p. 226. (Province of Arabistan, Persia.)
Ammoperdix bonhami bucharensis Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911,

p. 83. (Southern mountains of Bokhara.)
From southern Transcaspia and Bokhara south Persia, Afghanistan,
Baluchistan and Sind, west to Biredjik and Rumkale on the Euphrates

and east to the Khurian Hills and Salt Range in the Punjab.

~Ammoperdix heyi heyi (Temminck)
Perdix heyi Temminck, PI. col., livr. 55, 1825, pl. 328, 329. (Desert of

Akaba, Arabia.)
The Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea region in Palestine south to the

Sinai Peninsula.
Ammoperdix heyi nicolli Hartert
Ammoperdix heyi nicolli Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 4.
(Wadi Hof, near Cairo, Egypt.)
Lower Egypt from Cairo to Assiut.?
Ammoperdix heyi cholmleyi Ogilvie-Grant
Ammoperdix cholmleyi Ogilvie-Grant, Handbook Game Bds., 2, 1897,

p. 293. (Erba Mountains, near Suakin.)
From Berber on the Nile, east to the Red Sea coast at Suakin.

1 Brandt’s name antedates Caccabis bonhami Gray by less than a month.
2 Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., 1924, p. 78, includes the range of this form in

the distribution of cholmleyz.

60 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ammoperdix heyi intermedia Hartert
Ammoperdix heyt intermedia Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 282.
(Timil, southern Arabia.)
Southern Arabia from Aden to Muscat (Maskat).

Genus TETRAOGALLUS J. E. Gray

Tetraogallus J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zool., 2, pt. 11, 1832,
pl. 46. Type, by monotypy, Tetraogallus nigellii J. EK. Gray (not
Lophophorus nigelli Jardine and Selby) = Tetraogallus himalayensis
G. R. Gray.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1896-1903.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 426-432; 7,
1930, p. 470.

Tetraogallus caucasicus (Pallas)
Tetrao caucasica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 76 and pl.
(Rocky heights of the Caucasus.)
Caucasus.

Tetraogallus caspius caspius (S. G. Gmelin)
Tetrao caspius S.G. Gmelin, Reise durch Russland, 4, 1784, p. 67, pl. 10.
(Prov. of Astarabad, northern Persia.)
Tetraogallus transcaspicus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 64, 1916, p. 161.
(Kopet-dagh, Transcaspia.)
Taurus Mountains and Armenian highlands of Asia Minor east through
the mountains of northern Persia to extreme southwestern Transcaspia.

Tetraogallus caspius semenowtianschanskii Zarudny
Tetraogallus caspius semenowtianschanskii Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, 1908, p. 28. (Sagrosch [= Zagros] Mountains, Persia.)
Known only from the type locality.

Tetraogallus tibetanus tibetanus Gould
Tetraogallus Tibetanus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 (1854),
p. 47. (Tibet, type from Ladak.)
Pamirs and western Tibet from Kashgar and Yarkand to the Nanda
Dewi.

Tetraogallus tibetanus tschimenensis Sushkin
Tetraogallus tibetanus tschimenensis Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1926, p. 36. (Moskovskii Range, Kwen-lun System, northwestern
Tibet.)
Northern Tibet in the Tchimen-tag and Moskovskii Range between
long. 86° and 92° E.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 61

~— Tetraogallus tibetanus centralis Sushkin

Tetraogallus tibetanus centralis Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 37. (Tang-la Pass, Tang-la Range, central Tibet.)

Northeastern and central Tibet: known from the Humboldt Range,
South Kokonor Range to Dang-er-ling, northern slope of Burkhan-budda;
Tang-la Range, Mishmi and Abor hills.

~~ Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskii Bianchi

Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskit ‘‘Menzbier” Bianchi, Aves Exped.
Koslowi Mongol et Tibet or., 1907, p. 165. (Eastern Tibet.)

Eastern Tibet and western Kansu from the Tetung Mountains south to
Oring-nor and the Minshan Range.

~— Tetraogallus tibetanus henrici Oustalet

Tetraogallus Henric: Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), 12, 1891, p.
296, 313. (Tatsienlu, Szechuan.)

Western China in Province of Szechuan.

Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer R. and A. Meinertzhagen

Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer Meinertzhagen and Meinertzhagen,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 99. (Interior of Sikkim.)

Alpine Sikkim and immediately adjacent parts of southern Tibet.

~—~ Tetraogallus altaicus altaicus (Gebler)

Perdix altaica Gebler, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 1, 1836,
p. 31. (Argut River and tributaries, Katun Mountains, Altai.)
Altai and Sajan Mountains, central Asia.

Tetraogallus altaicus orientalis Sushkin

Tetraogallus altaicus orientalis Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 36. (Ulassutai, northwestern Mongolia.)

Northwestern Mongolia from the Khangai Mountains to the eastern
Gobian Altai.

~~— Tetraogallus himalayensis sewerzowi Zarudny

Tetraogallus himalayensis sewerzowt Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 1, 1910, p. 108.
(Semiretschensk.)

Mountains of southeastern Turkestan in Province of Semiretschensk.

~~ Tetraogallus himalayensis himalayensis G. R. Gray

Tetraogallus Himalayensis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842
(1843), p. 105. (Himalayas. New name for the bird figured in Jardine
and Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 141 as Lophophorus nigelli not L. nigelli Id.,
op. cit., pl. 76.)

62 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tetraogallus himalayensis incognitus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 311.
(Kuljab and Darwas, eastern Bokhara.)

Western Himalayas from the Tian Shans, Pamirs and eastern Afghanistan
to Kashmir, Ladak and Garhwal.

Tetraogallus himalayensis grombczewskii Bianchi

Tetraogallus himalayensis grombczewskit Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool,
Acad. Imp.St. Pétersb., 3, 1898, p. 116 (in key), 118. (Western Kwen-
lun Mountains.)

Western part of the Kwen-luns.

~ Tetraogallus himalayensis koslowi Bianchi

Tetraogallus himalayensis koslowi Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad.
Imp. St. Pétersb., 3, 1898, p. 117 (in key), 119. (Altyn-tag, Hum-
boldt and South Koko-nor Ranges.)

Altyn-tag, Humboldt and South Koko-nor Ranges.

GENUS TETRAOPHASIS Exuior

Tetraophasis Elliot, Monogr. Phasian., 1, 1871, p. xix, pl. [21] and text.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Lophophorus obscurus
J. Verreaux.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1895-1896.

Tetraophasis obscurus (J. Verreaux)
Lophophorus obscurus J. Verreaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Bull., 5,
1869, p. 33, pl. 6. (“Eastern Tibet,” type from Mupin, Szechuan.)
Northeastern Tibet (Koko-nor) and western China in provinces of
Kansu and Szechuan.

Tetraophasis széchenyii Madardsz
Tetraophasis Széchenyti Madarasz, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 50,
pl. 2. (“Szii-csuan”’ = Szechuan or eastern Tibet.)
Eastern Tibet and southwestern China in provinces of Szechuan and
Yunnan.

Genus ALECTORIS! Kaup

Alectoris Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 180, 193.
Type, by monotypy, Perdix petrosa auct. not of Gmelin = Perdix
barbara Bonnaterre.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1903-1916.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 401-405.
Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 22-27.

1 Replaces Caccabis Kaup of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 63

~——~ Alectoris graeca saxatilis (Bechstein)
Perdix saxatilis Bechstein, Gem. Naturg. Deutschl., ed. 2, 2, 1805, p. 463.
Perdix saxatilis var. melanocephala Fatio, Drasia, 8, no. 13, Oct. 1890,
p. 150 and pl. (Valais, Switzerland); Id., Arch. Sci. Phys. et Nat.
(Period 3), 24, Nov. 1890, p. 514. (Valais, Switzerland.)

Caccabis saxatilis atricapilla Fatio, Faune Vert. Suisse, Ois., 2, 1904, p.
924, note. (New name for melanocephala.)
Caccabis saxatilis biedermanni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911,
p. 35. (Val Solda, north of Lake Lugano.)
Alpine region from Savoy to Steiermark, south to northern Italy. (Birds
from the Carpathians and southeastern Hungary are probably referable
to this form, Hartert, swpra, p. 1905.)

—— Alectoris graeca graeca (Meisner)
Perdizx graeca Meisner, Syst. Verz. Vog., 1804, p. 41. (Based on Dauben-
ton, Pl. enlum., pl. 231 = Greece, ex Buffon.)
Caccabis saxatilis reiseri Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 35.
(North of Mostar, Herzegovina.)
Middle and southern Italy, Yugoslavia and western Bulgaria, south to
Sicily, Greece and the Ionian Islands.

Alectoris graeca kleini Hartert
Alectoris graeca kleini Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 137. (Island of
Skyros, Aegean Sea.)
Island of Skyros (and probably other islands in the northern part of the
Aegean Sea), eastern Macedonia, European Turkey and southeastern
Bulgaria.

~ Alectoris graeca cypriotes Hartert
Alectoris graeca cypriotes Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 278. (Galata,
Cyprus.)
The Cyclades, Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Syria east to Damas-
cus, and a narrow belt in western Palestine south to Jerusalem. Inter-
grades with the next form in the hills of Judea.

mn

Alectoris graeca sinaica (Bonaparte)
Perdizx sinaica Bonaparte, Journ. f. Orn., 6, 1858, p. 31. (No type local-
ity given, but Sinai is meant.)
Alectoris graeca margaritae Davidov, Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. St. Pétersb.,
29, 1898, p. 57-63. (El Ghor, Dead Sea.)

Northern Syrian Desert east of Damascus, south through the Jordan
Valley to the Sinai Peninsula, eastward extent of range not known.

64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Alectoris graeca daghestanica Buturlin

Alectoris kakelik daghestanica Buturlin, Syst. Notes Bds. N. Caucasus,
1929, p. 12. (Daghestan.)

Northern slopes of the main range of the Caucasus. (Perhaps not dif-
ferent from caucasica.)

Alectoris graeca caucasica Sushkin

Alectoris chukar caucasica Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 22.
(Akhaltsikh, Transcaucasia.)

Southern slopes of the main range of the Caucasus.

Alectoris graeca kurdestanica Meinertzhagen

Alectoris greca kurdestanicus Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48,
1923, p. 158. (Dohuk, southern Kurdistan.)

Southern Kurdistan.

Alectoris graeca werae (Zarudny and Loudon)

Caccabis chucar werae Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 225.
(Highest mountain forests of southern Luristan and northern Ara-
bistan.)

Luristan, Arabistan and Faristan in southwestern Persia, and probably

the adjoining parts of Mesopotamia.

Alectoris graeca koroviakovi (Zarudny)
Caccabis kakelik koroviakovi! Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 5, 1914, p.55. (Moun-
tains of Birdjan, eastern Persia, and Persian Baluchistan.)
Alectoris graeca kirthart Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1908.
(Narn valley, Kirthar Range.)
Eastern Persia from lat. 37° 30’ N. southward; Persian Baluchistan to
the western border of Sind in the Kirthar Range and outlying spurs.?

Alectoris graeca shestoperovi Sushkin
Alectoris chukar shestoperovi Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 23.
(Asilme, Kopet-dagh, near Askhabad, Transcaspia.)

Southern Transcaspia in the Great Balkhan Massif and the Kopet-
dagh east to long. 58° 30’ E.

Alectoris graeca subpallida (Zarudny)
Caccabis kakelik subpallidus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 5, 1914, p.59. (Moun-
tains of the desert of Kyzyl-kum.)
Desert of Kyzyl-kum and in western Bokhara.

1 Often misspelled korviakovi, once korvaikovt.
* Stuart Baker, antea, p. 404, considers kirthari as inseparable from koro-
viakovi.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 65

——— Alectoris graeca falki Hartert
Alectoris graeca falki Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 280. (Near
Przevalsk, east of Lake Issik-kul, Russian Turkestan.)
Central and western Tian Shan southward into eastern Bokhara.

——— Alectoris graeca dzungarica Sushkin
Alectoris chukar dzungarica Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 26.
(Monrak Range, Tarbagatai System [central Asia].)
Tarbagatai and northern Semiretschensk east to Kuldja and Algo.

Alectoris graeca fallax Sushkin

Alectoris chukar fallax Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 23.
(Kyzylsynyz, Kuruk-tag Range, east of Bagratch-kul Lake, eastern
Tian Shan.)

Southern slopes of the eastern Tian Shan and in northern Kashgaria.

Alectoris graeca pallida (Hume)

Caccabis pallidus Hume, in Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand,
1873, p. 284. (Yarkand, type from Karakash River, Hill Yarkand.)

Caccabis kakelik humet Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 5, 1914, p. 54, 57. (New
name for pallidus Hume on grounds of preoccupation by Perdix
rubra pallida Naumann.)

Southern Chinese Turkestan.

~~ Alectoris graeca pallescens (Hume)

Caccabis pallescens Hume, in Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand,
1873, p. 283. (Karbu, Ladak.)

Range undetermined.”

~~~~Alectoris graeca chukar (J. E. Gray)

Perdix Chukar J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke, Ill. Ind. Zool., 1,
pt. 2, 1830, pl. 54. (India, no exact locality given but Srinagar,
Kumaon accepted as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1929, p. 136.)

The Himalayas from eastern Ladak (?) to Nepal.

1 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1929, p. 139, regards
fallax as indistinguishable from pallida.

2 None of the last four authorities who have dealt with this subspecies are
in the slightest agreement regarding its distribution. Hartert regards it as
the same as pallida; Sushkin regards it as a valid form ‘‘proper to the Kara-
korum range occurring at much higher levels than pallida” ; Stuart Baker gives:
“the Pamirs, Gilgit and extreme north of Kashmir, Leh, Ladak, eastern
Turkestan and Yarkand”; Hellmayr:‘‘. . . stretches from southern Pamir
... through Gilgit and Baltistan to Ladak east to Tankse and north to the
Shyok and Nubra valleys, not including the extreme west beyond the Nami-
kaha, this section of Ladak being tenanted by A. g. chukar.”’

66 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Alectoris graeca obscurata Sushkin
Alectoris chukar obscurata Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 27.
(Tannu-ola Range [central Asia].)
Western part of the Tannu-ola Range and possibly also the southern
slopes of the West-Sayan Range.
Alectoris graeca potanini Sushkin
Alectoris chukar potanini Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 25.
(Burgusten-gol, Alashan Range.)

Mongolian Altai from the headwaters of the Kara-Irtysh and the
middle Kobdo, hills of the central Gobi and the Alashan Range; south-
western and southern slopes of Khangai.

--Alectoris graeca pubescens (Swinhoe)
Caccabis chukar var. pubescens Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,
p. 400. (North China to the upper Yangtse.)

Northern China from eastern Mongolia and southern Manchuria south

to Shensi and the Yangtse Valley.

Alectoris graeca magna (Przevalski)

Caccabis magna Przevalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 127.
(Zaidam, Koko-nor and northern Tibet.)

?Caccabis hwanghoensis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 67, 1919, p. 226.
(Eastern Tibet, probably on the upper Hwang-ho between Sining and
Oring-nor.)

Eastern Tibet (Zaidam, Koko-nor and upper Hwang-ho) to western

Kansu (Sining Valley).
Alectoris rufa rufa (Linné)

Tetrao rufus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 160. (Southern Europe,
restricted type locality, northern Italy, fide Hartert.)

Alectoris rufa laubmanni von Jordans, Nov. Zool., 34, 1928, p. 306.
(Artd, Mallorca.)

Middle and southern France, lower valleys of Switzerland and northern
Italy. Introduced into the Balearic Islands and England; instances of
occurrence in northern France, Holland, Belgium and western Germany
also may be due to introduction.

Alectoris rufa hispanica (Seoane)
Caccabis rufa hispanica Seoane, Examen critico Perdices Europa, 1891
(1894), p. 15, 21. (Galicia.) }

?Caccabis rufa maderensis Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 106.
(Madeira.)

Northern and northwestern Spain and northern Portugal; Madeira,
where probably introduced.

1 (. r. hispanica Seoane, Aves Nuevas de Galicia, 1870, p. 5, is a nomen
nudum.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 67

~~ Alectoris rufa intercedens (A. E. Brehm)
Perdix rubra intercedens A. E. Brehm, Allg. Deutsche Nat. Zeit., N. F.,
3, 1857, p. 472. (Southern Spain.)

Southern Spain, probably also southern Portugal.

Alectoris rufa corsa (Parrot)
Caccabis rufa corsa Parrot, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 156. (Ajac-
cio, Corsica.)
Corsica.

Alectoris rufa australis (Tristram)
Caccabis rufa var. australis Tristram, Ibis, 1889, p. 28. (Gran Canaria.)
Gran Canaria, but not the other Canary Islands.

~——~ Alectoris barbara barbara (Bonnaterre)
Perdix Barbara Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1792,
p. 208, pl. 94, f. 2. (No type locality given = Morocco, ex Edwards,
ple7Z0.) +
Northern Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; Sardinia.?

Alectoris barbara koenigi (Reichenow)

Caccabis petrosa koenigi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 189.
(Tenerife.)
Canary Islands on the islands of Tenerife, Gomera and Lanzarote.

Alectoris barbara spatzi (Reichenow)
Caccabis spatzi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 48, 1895, p. 110. (Southern
Tunisia.)
Desert plains of Algeria and Tunisia south of the Atlas Mountains.

Alectoris barbara barbata (Reichenow)

Caccabis barbaia Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 4, 1896, p. 76. (Based
on a cage-bird in the K6éln Zoological Garden.)

Caccabis callolaema Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 31,
no. 714, 1916, p. 2. (South of Bengasi, Cyrenaica.)

Cyrenaica.

~Alectoris melanocephala (Riippell)
Perdiz melanocephala Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1835, p. 11, pl. 5.
(Mountains near Jiddah, Arabia.)
Arabia from Jiddah and Mecca to the Aden Protectorate and Maskat.

1 Replaces Caccabis petrosa (Gmelin) of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
? Hartert, antea, p. 1911, suspects that the Romans may have introduced
this bird into Sardinia.

68 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus ANUROPHASIS van Oort

Anurophasis van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, 1910, p. 211. Type, by
monotypy, Anurophasis monorthonyx van Oort.

Anurophasis monorthonyx van Oort

Anurophasis monorthonyx van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 32, 1910,
p. 212. (Oranje Mts., 3800 met., Dutch New Guinea.)

Unique.
Genus FRANCOLINUS STEPHENS

Francolinus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 11, pt. 2, 1819, p. 316.
Type, by tautonymy, Francolinus vulgaris Stephens = Tetrao
francolinus Linné.

Dendroperdix Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 194. Type, by
original designation, Francolinus sephaena (A. Smith).

Acentrortyx Chapin, Auk, 48, 1926, p. 235. Type, by original designa-
tion, Francolinus nahani Dubois.

Chapinortyx Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928, p. 291. Type, by
original designation, Francolinus hartlaubi Bocage.*

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 306-333.

Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 691-711.

Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 106-122.

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1919-1926.

Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 105-136.

Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 465-499.

Sclater, Syst. Av. A:thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 78-89; pt. 2, 1930, app.,
p. 841-843.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 407-422; 7,
1930, p. 467-469.

van Someren, Journ. E. Afr. and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 25,
1926, p. 29-60.

Francolinus francolinus francolinus (Linné)

Tetrao Francolinus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 275. (“‘Italia,
Oriente, Africa, Asia.”’ Restricted type locality, Cyprus ex Edward-
sian reference.)

1 No indication as to the position of this genus in the family was given in
the original diagnosis. Dr. Ernst Mayr informs me after an examination of
the type that he believes it should stand near Francolinus.

2 While Francolinus contains a rather heterogeneous assortment of species
and could no doubt be dismembered to advantage, I believe that such a revi-
sion is best undertaken by some one in a position to make a simultaneous ex-
amination of all the species. Removing a single species at random, and with-
out considering the possible relationship of other species, is a most haphazard
method. I therefore retain the genus in its broad sense, pending a detailed
revision.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 69

Francolinus orientalis caucasicus Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907,
p. 81. (Transcaucasia.)

Francolinus orientalis sarudnyi Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907,
p. 81. (Northern Persia and the lower Atrek.)

Cyprus, Asia Minor, Syria and Palestine, east to Transcaucasia, north-
ern Persia and southern Kurdistan.

——— Francolinus francolinus arabistanicus Zarudny and Harms

Francolinus orientalis arabistanicus Zarudny and Harms, Orn. Monatsb.,
21, 1913, p. 54. (Sagrossian and Mesopotamian region of Persia.)

Southern Mesopotamia from Bagdad to the head of the Persian Gulf;
Arabistan and Faristan.

Francolinus francolinus bogdanovi Zarudny

Francolinus orientalis bogdanovi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906,
p. 151. (Seistan and Baluchistan.)

Southern Persia from Seistan to Baluchistan.

Francolinus francolinus henrici Bonaparte

Francolinus henrici Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42,
1856, p. 882. (Sind.)

Sind to Karachi.!

~—— Francolinus francolinus asiae Bonaparte
Francolinus asiae Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
p. 882. (Asia; restricted to western India by Hartert, antea, p. 1923.)
?Francolinus orientalis europaeus Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907,
p. 81. (Southern Europe?, Greece. Error = India, cf. Hartert, antea,
p. 1923.)
Northern India east to Nepal and Behar, south to Deesa, Gwalior and
Sambalpur and in the Central Provinces to Seran and Udaipur and in
western Bengal to Chota Nagpur.

Francolinus francolinus melanonotus Hume

Francolinus melanonotus Hume, Str. Feath., 11, 1888, p. 305. (Sylhet,
Cachar, Garo and Khasi Hills and the Assam Valley.)

Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, eastern Bengal, Manipur and the hill
tracts of Tippera and Chittagong.

Francolinus pictus pallidus (J. E. Gray)

Perdiz hepburnii var. pallida J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke, Illustr.
Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 8, 1831, pl. 55. (Odypore = Udaipur.)

North-central India from the southern border of the ranges of F. f.
asiae and F. f. melanonotus south to Udaipur, Jhansi and Bundelkhand.

1 Stuart Baker unites arabistanicus, bogdanovi and henrict.

70 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus pictus pictus (Jardine and Selby)
Perdix picta Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., 1, 1828, sig. G, pl. 50.
(Bangalore, India.)
Southern India and Ceylon.

Francolinus pintadeanus phayrei (Blyth)
Perdix Phayret Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, pt. 2, 1848, p.1011.
(Arrakan.)
Francolinus pintadeanus wellst Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 9. (Kontoum, Annam.)!
Manipur, Arrakan, Pegu, eastern Burma south to northern Tenasserim,
Shan States, Yunnan, eastern Indochinese countries from Tonkin to
Cambodia; Island of Hainan.

Francolinus pintadeanus pintadeanus (Scopoli)
Tetrao Pintadeanus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 93.
(China.)
Southeastern China in provinces of Fokien, Kwangtung, and Kwangsi.
Introduced into Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, and Island of Luzon.

Francolinus pondicerianus mecranensis Zarudny and Hirms
Francolinus (Ortygornis) pondicerianus mecranensis Zarudny and Harms,
Orn. Monatsb., 21, 1913, p. 58. (Valley of the Rud-i-Sarbas River,
Persian Baluchistan.)
Southern Persia, eastern Arabia (Maskat), southern Afghanistan, Balu-
chistan and Sind.

Francolinus pondicerianus interpositus Hartert
Francolinus pondicerianus interpositus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917,
p. 288. (Oudh.)
Northern India from Sind (east of the Indus) east to Behar and western
Bengal, south to Poona, south Deccan and the Godavery River.

Francolinus pondicerianus pondicerianus (Gmelin)
Tetrao pondicerianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 760. (Pondi-
cherry, India.)
Southern India, south of the range of interpositus; Ceylon. Introduced
into the Andaman and Amirante Islands, Mauritius and Rodriguez.

Francolinus gularis (Temminck)
Perdiz gularis Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 401, 731. (Vicinity
of Calcutta.)
Plains of the Ganges and the Brahmapootra from eastern Bengal to
Assam and Tippera.

1 Originally described from one specimen and repudiated by its describer
in Ibis, 1929, p. 201.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 71

Francolinus lathami lathami Hartlaub

Francolinus Lathami Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 210. (Sierra
Leone.)

Western Africa from the Gambia (formerly) and Sierra Leone to the
lower Congo.
Francolinus lathami schubotzi Reichenow

Francolinus lathami schubotzi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 60, 1912, p. 320.
(Angu, Uelle River.)

Upper Congo Valley south to the Ituri Forest and east to Uganda.

Francolinus nahani Dubois
Francolinus nahani Dubois, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. (4), 1, fase. 1, 1905,
p. 17, pl. 10. (Popoie, Aruwimi River, Belgian Congo.)
Aruwimi and Nepoko rivers of the Belgian Congo east to the Semliki
Valley and the forests of Uganda.

Francolinus streptophorus Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus streptophorus Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 126. (Eastern
Africa, type from Mount Elgon.)

Uganda and Mount Elgon south into the western parts of Tanganyika
Territory; northwestern Cameroon.

Francolinus coqui buckleyi Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus buckley: Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1892, p. 41, in text. (Accra,
Gold Coast.)

Gold Coast Colony and northern Nigeria. Status not fully established,
known only from four females.

?Francolinus coqui spinetorum Bates

Francolinus coqui spinetorum Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1928, p. 33.
(Seventy miles southwest of Say [on the Niger], Haute Volta.)

Known only from a single male from the type locality. Perhaps not
different from buckleyt.
Francolinus coqui schlegelii Heuglin

Francolinus Schlegelit Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 275. (Bongo
River, Bahr el Ghazal.)

Known only from the two male cotypes in the Stuttgart Museum and
from a young female in the Berlin Museum.
Francolinus coqui maharao W. L. Sclater

Francolinus coqui maharao W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927,
p. 51. (Dugata Sasabin, 4000 ft., Arussi Galla country, southern
Ethiopia.)

Known only from the type.

a2 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus coqui ruahdae van Someren

Francolinus (Ortygornis) coqui ruahdae van Someren, Journ. HK. Afr. and
Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 25, 1926, p. 34. (Ankole, Uganda.)

Francolinus coqui subsp. 2 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 108. (Southwestern
Uganda.)

Savannas west of Victoria Nyanza.

Francolinus coqui hubbardi Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus hubbardi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 27.
(Nassa, southeastern shore of Victoria Nyanza.)

Eastern shore of Victoria Nyanza east to Naivasha, Kenya Colony.

Francolinus coqui coqui (A. Smith)

Perdix Coqui A. Smith, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr., 1836, p. 55. (Near
Kurrichane, Transvaal.)!

Francolinus coqui subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 108. (Mozambique.)

Eastern Kenya Colony south through Tanganyika Territory to the
Orange River and Natal (except coastal districts).

Francolinus coqui angolensis Rothschild

Francolinus coqui angolensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,, 1902.
p. 76. (Bailundu, Angola.)

Angola.

Francolinus coqui lynesi W. L. Sclater

Francolinus coqui lynesi W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1932, p.
143. (Tenki, 4600 ft., 170 miles west of Elizabethville, Belgian
Congo.)

Southeastern Belgian Congo.

Francolinus coqui vernayi (Roberts)
Ortygornis coqui vernayt Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 21.
(Tsotsoroga Pan, Ngamiland.)

Known only from the type locality.

Francolinus coqui campbelli (Roberts)

Ortygornis coqui campbelli Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928, p. 321.
(Mount Edgecombe, Natal.)

Coastal districts of Natal.

Francolinus albogularis albogularis Hartlaub

Francolinus albogularis ‘‘G. R. Gray’’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854,
p. 210. (Gambia.)

Senegal and Gambia.

1 Francolinus stuhlmanni Reichenow is a synonym.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE Ties)

Francolinus albogularis gambagae Praed
Francolinus albogularis gambage Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920,
p. 140. (Gambaga, Gold Coast Colony.)
Inland districts of Gold Coast Colony and parts of northern Nigeria.

—~— Francolinus sephaena spilogaster Salvadori
Francolinus spilogaster Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26, 1888,
p. 541. (Harar, Ethiopia.)
Mountains of eastern Ethiopia and British Somaliland.

Francolinus sephaena schoanus Heuglin
Francolinus schoanus Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost Afr., 2, pt. 1, 1873, p. 891.
(Shoa.)
Ethiopia (except the eastern part) south to the Abaya Lakes.

Francolinus sephaena jubaensis Zedlitz
Francolinus sephaena jubaensis Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 21, 1913, p. 59.
(Afgoi, southern Italian Somaliland.)
Coasts of southern Italian Somaliland and northern Kenya Colony
south to Lamu.

-~—-—~Francolinus sephaena grantii Hartlaub
Francolinus grant Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865 (1866),
p. 665, pl. 39, f. 1. (Unyamwezi country, Tanganyika Territory.)

Francolinus granti delutescens Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911,
no. 20, p. 3. (Base of Mount Kenya at elevation of 7000 feet.)
Francolinus sephena subsp. 3 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 112. (Northern
Guaso Nyiro to Marsabit and westward to south of Lake Rudolph.)
Francolinus sephena subsp 4 Praed, l.c. (Extreme northern boundary
of Kenya Colony [Moyale, Wajheir etc.].)
Southeastern Sudan and the Shoan Lake districts south through eastern
Uganda and Kenya Colony (except coastal area north of Lamu) to cen-
tral Tanganyika Territory.

~——~Francolinus sephaena rovuma G. R. Gray

Francolinus rovuma G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 52. (Rovuma River.)!
Coasts of eastern Africa from Dar es Salaam south to the Rovuma River.

Francolinus sephaena zambesiae Praed

Francolinus sephena zambesiz Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920,
p. 140. (Mesanangue, 70 miles above Tete, Zambesi River.)

The Zambesi Valley up to the mouth of the Kafue.

1 This name antedates Francolinus kirkii Hartlaub, by eight months.

74 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus sephaena chobiensis (Roberts)
Dendroperdix sephaena chobiensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15,
1932, p. 21. (Kabulabula, Chobe [or Linyante] River, Ngamiland.)
Dendroperdix sephaena mababiensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15,
1932, p. 22. (Mababe Flats.)
Northern part of the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

Francolinus sephaena sephaena (A. Smith)
Perdix Sephaena A. Smith, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr., 1836, p. 55.
(Marikwa [= Marico] River and Limpopo River, Transvaal.)
Dendroperdix sephaena zuluensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924,
p. 78. (Umfolosi Game Reserve, Zululand.)
Dendroperdix sephaena thompson Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924,
p. 78. (Grootfontein, South-West African Protectorate.)

South Africa from southern Angola, Southern Rhodesia and Portuguese
East Africa (south of the Zambesi Valley), south through the South-West
African Protectorate, Bechuanaland, Transvaal and Zululand.
Francolinus africanus gutturalis (Riippell)

Perdiz gutturalis Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1835, p. 13. (Halai,

Axum, Temben in Tigré, Ethiopia.)

Tigré, northern Ethiopia.
Francolinus africanus eritreae Zedlitz

Francolinus gutturalis eritreae Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 58, 1910, p. 357,

pl. 5, figs. 4 and 5. (Plateau of Asmara, Eritrea.)

Eritrea. Perhaps not different from gutturalis.

Francolinus africanus lorti Sharpe
Francolinus lorit Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 47. (Wagga
Mountains, 9000 ft., Somaliland.)
Goolis (or Golis) Mountains and the Warsangli country of British
Somaliland.
Francolinus africanus psilolaemus G. R. Gray
Francolinus psilolemus G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae,
1867, p. 50. (Shoa.)
Highlands of Shoa between the upper Blue Nile and the Hawash River.

Francolinus africanus ellenbecki Erlanger
Francolinus spilolaemus ellenbeckt Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 53, 1905,
p. 151. (Near Abakara and Saemana, on the Abera-Ginir road, Galla-
land.)
Francolinus africanus frickt Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 18,
1928, p. 408. (Arussi Plateau, 10500 feet, Ethiopia.)
Highlands of central Ethiopia on the western part of the Arussi Plateau,
east of Lake Abaya.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 75

Francolinus africanus archeri W. L. Sclater
Francolinus africanus archeri W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48,
1927, p. 51. (Mt. Daro, 7000 feet, east of Harar, Ethiopia.)
South-central Ethiopia from Mt. Daro southwest to Bodessa.

~—— Francolinus africanus uluensis Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus uluensis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1892, p. 44. (Machakos,
Kenya Colony.)

Highlands (of not over 1800 met.) in the interior of Kenya Colony; base
of Mt. Kilimanjaro; north in the Rift Valley to Lake Zwai.

~—~Francolinus africanus africanus Stephens
Francolinus Africanus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 11, pt. 2, 1819,
p. 323. (‘‘Hottentot country”? = Cape Province.)
Francolinus africanus subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 115. (Deelfontein
and central Cape Province.)
Francolinus africanus subsp. 2 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p.115. (Little Nama-
qualand.)

Francolinus africanus subsp. 3 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 115. (Transvaal,
Orange Free State Province, and Natal.)

Southern Transvaal, Orange Free State Province, higher portions of
Natal and the greater part of Cape Province.

Francolinus shelleyi elgonensis Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus elgonensis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 126. (Mt. Elgon.)

Kenya Colony, between elevations of 7000 and 11000 feet: Mount
Elgon, Mount Kenya, Aberdare Range, and Mau.

~~ Francolinus shelleyi shelleyi Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus shelleyi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1890, p. 348. (Natal; Swazi-
land; Matabeleland; type from the Umvuli River, Matabeleland.)

Southwestern Uganda; Rhodesia, southern Nyasaland, Zululand and
Natal.

Francolinus shelleyi trothae Reichenow
Francolinus shelleyr var. trothae Reichenow, Voég. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 490.
(Ugalla, Tanganyika Territory.)
Probably western Tanganyika Territory from Lake Victoria to Lake
Tanganyika. Perhaps not different from shelleyi.

Francolinus shelleyi whytei Neumann
Francolinus whytet Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 76.
(Nyika Plateau, 7000-8000 ft., Nyasaland.)
Highlands of northern Nyasaland, Katanga and Marungu (and adjacent
part of southwestern Tanganyika Territory?).

76 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus levaillantii kikuyuensis Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus kikuyuensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897,
p. 23. (‘Kikuyu district” error, the type came from Eldoret, Kenya
Colony.)

Francolinus muleme Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1903, p. 30.
(Mulema, 5000 ft., Uganda.)

Francolinus adolfi-friederici Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 48.
(Northeastern Ruanda.)

Southern base of Ruwenzori and the Kivu Volcanoes eastward across
Uganda to Kenya Colony (Nandi and Mau).

Francolinus levaillantii crawshayi Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus crawshayt Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 482, pl. 12. (Nyika
Plateau, Nyasaland.)

Highlands of northern Nyasaland.

Francolinus levaillantii benguellensis Neumann
Francolinus levaillanti benguellensis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21,
1908, p. 44. (Cuima, Benguella.)

Southern Angola.

Francolinus levaillantii levaillantii (Valenciennes)
Perdiz Levaillantii Valenciennes, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd Levrault, 38, 1825,
p. 441. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Transvaal south of the Limpopo, eastern Cape Province and upper
districts of Natal.

Francolinus finschi Bocage
Francolinus Finschi Bocage, Orn. Angola, pt. 2, 1881, p. 406. (Caconda,
Benguella.)

Southern Angola.

Francolinus gariepensis jugularis Biittikofer
Francolinus jugularis Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 11, 1889, p. 76,
pl. 4. (Gambos, Angola.)

Southern Angola.

Francolinus gariepensis pallidior Neumann

Francolinus jugularis pallidior Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21,
1908, p. 45. (South of the Cunene River, 7.e., South-West Africa.)

Scleroptila jugularis cunenensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932,
p. 22. (Cunene River, South Africa.)

Northern Damaraland.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE Li7/

Francolinus gariepensis langi (Roberts)

Scleroptila gariepensis langi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 22.
(Nkate, North Bechuanaland.)

Scleroptila gariepensis kalaharica Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15,
1932, p. 22. (Damara Pan, central Kalahari.)

Kalahari Desert.

~~~ Francolinus gariepensis gariepensis A. Smith
Francolinus gariepensis A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, 1848, pl.
3, 84. (Sources of the Caledon and Vaal Rivers = headwaters of the
Caledon River, Basutoland.)

Southern Transvaal south to the Orange River and west to Bechuana-
land.

Francolinus gariepensis ludwigi Neumann

Francolinus gariepensis ludwigt Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 68, 1920, p. 79.
(Middelburg, Transvaal.)

Valley of the Olifants River, north of the Witwaters Rand.

Francolinus adspersus adspersus Waterhouse

Francolinus adspersus Waterhouse, in Alexander’s Exped. Int. Afr., 2,
1838, app., p. 267. (Great Fish River, Great Namaqualand.)

Southwestern Africa from southern Angola to the Orange River.

?Francolinus adspersus kalahari de Schauensee

Francolinus adspersus kalahari de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 83, 1931, p. 453. (Lake Ngami, Bechuanaland Protectorate.)

Lake Ngami district and probably the northern Kalahari; western
Transvaal.

—— Francolinus capensis (Gmelin)

Tetrao capensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 795. (Cape of
Good Hope.)

Cape Province south of the Orange River.

Francolinus natalensis neavei Praed

Francolinus natalensis neavet Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920, p. 140.
(East bank of the Loangwa River.)

Northeastern Rhodesia west to the Kafue River.

Francolinus natalensis natalensis A. Smith
Francolinus Natalensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 48.
(Durban, Natal.)

Southeastern Africa from Southern Rhodesia to the Orange River and
Natal.

78 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus harwoodi Blundell and Lovat

Francolinus harwoodi Blundell and Lovat, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1899,
p. 22. (Aheafeg, southern Ethiopia.)

Ethiopia; known only from the type, until rediscovered by Maj. R. E.
Cheesman in 1927.

Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha Hartert

Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 291.
(Rabat, Morocco.)

Western Morocco from Rabat to Mogador.

Francolinus bicalcaratus bicalcaratus (Linné)
Tetrao bicalcaratus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 277. (Senegal.)

Senegal through Gambia and Portuguese Guinea, Togoland and the
northern territories of the Gold Coast hinterland, intergrading with ada-
mauae in northern Nigeria.

Francolinus bicalcaratus thornei Ogilvie-Grant

Francolinus thornet Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1902, p. 22.
(Sierra Leone.)

Sierra Leone, Liberia and the Ivory Coast.

Francolinus bicalcaratus adamauae Neumann

Francolinus bicalcaratus adamauae Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915,
p. 73. (Adamawa, northern Cameroon.)

Northeastern Nigeria, Adamawa north of the mountains, French
Cameroon.

Francolinus bicalcaratus ogilvie-granti Bannerman

Francolinus bicalcaratus ogilvie-grantt Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
42, 1922, p. 1382. (Jang, 5000 ft., northern Cameroon highlands.)

Highlands of British and French Cameroon from Ngaundere southward
to the savanna country between the Sanaga and Nyong Rivers, and to
southeastern Cameroon.

Francolinus icterorhynchus icterorhynchus Heuglin

Francolinus icterorhynchus Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 275.
(Bongo River, Bahr el Ghazal.)

Bahr el Ghazal west to the Shari River.

Francolinus icterorhynchus dybowskii Oustalet
Francolinus Dybowskii Oustalet, Le Naturaliste (2), 6, 1892, p. 232.
(Bangui, Ubangi River.)
Francolinus icterorhynchus emint Neumann, Orn. Monastsb., 15, 1907,
p. 198. (West of Lake Albert.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 79

Francolinus grisescens Mearns, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 56, 1911, no. 20,
p. 3. (Lokko Zegga, Uganda.)
Upper Uam River and great bend of the Ubangi eastward to the grass-
lands west of Lake Albert and the adjacent part of Uganda, south to
Unyoro.

Francolinus icterorhynchus ugandensis Neumann
Francolinus ugandensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 199.
(Mondo, Uganda.)
Central Uganda.

Francolinus clappertoni clappertoni Children
Francolinus Clappertont Anonymous = Children, in Denham and Clap-
perton’s Travels, 1826, app. X XI, p. 198. (No locality = Bornu.)
Francolinus tschadensis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 67, 1919, p. 334.
(Lake Chad region.)!
Bornu to Darfur (perhaps into Kordofan), south to northern British
Cameroon.

Francolinus clappertoni heuglini Neumann
Francolinus clappertoni heuglini Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907,
p. 199. (Meshra el Rek, Bahr el Ghazal.)
Francolinus clappertoni subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 127. (From the
neighborhood of El Duem along the White Nile to Renk.)
Francolinus clappertoni subsp. 2 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 128 (‘“‘Sudd region
to Uganda.”’)?
Upper White Nile from north of Fashoda south to Mongalla and east-
ern Bahr el Ghazal.

~.._.-Francolinus clappertoni gedgii Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus clappertoni gedgii Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 124. (Plains
near Mt. Elgon.)
Region about Mt. Elgon.

~—— Francolinus clappertoni sharpii Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus sharpii Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1892, p. 47. (Anseba Valley,
Bogosland.)
Francolinus Kénigseggi Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 12, 1914,
p. 560. (Semsir, Dinder River.)
Sennar, Eritrea and Ethiopia over the Hawash region and the chain of
lakes to south of Lake Zwai.

1 Believed by Professor Neumann to be a hybrid between dybowskw and

clappertont.
2 Cf. Gyldenstolpe, K. Sven. Vet.-Akad. Handl. (3), 1, 1924, no. 3, p. 316.

80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus clappertoni testis Neumann

Francolinus clappertoni testis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 76, 1928, p. 784.
(Wolissa, in the northeast corner of the Kingdom of Jimma, about
30 km. southwest of the Omo-Hawash divide.)

Upper reaches of the Omo River, Ethiopia.

Francolinus clappertoni nigrosquamatus Neumann
Francolinus nigrosguamatus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 8.
(Middle Omo River, at the ford between Malo and Koscha.)

Middle reaches of the Omo River.

Francolinus hartlaubi hartlaubi Bocage
Francolinus Hartlaubi Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. e Nat., Acad.
Real Sci. Lisboa, 2, 1869, p. 350. (Huilla, Angola.)

Angola.

?Francolinus hartlaubi bradfieldi (Roberts)
Chapinortyx hartlaubi bradfieldi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928,
p. 292. (Waterberg Police Post, South-West African Protectorate.)

Known only from the type locality.

?Francolinus hartlaubi ovambensis (Roberts)
Chapinortyx hartlaubi ovambensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12,
1928, p. 293. (Otavifontein, South-West African Protectorate.)

Waterberg Mts.

Francolinus swierstrai (Roberts)
Chaetopus swierstrat Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 13, 1929, p. 72.
(Mombola, Angola.)
Southern Angola.!

Francolinus hildebrandti helleri Mearns
Francolinus hildebrandti hellert Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 48, 1915,
p. 381. (Mt. Lololokui, 6000 ft., Kenya Colony.)
Kenya Colony from Marsabit and the Mathews Range, south to Mt.
Lololokui.

Francolinus hildebrandti altumi Fischer and Reichenow
Francolinus Altumi Fischer and Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884,
p. 179, pl. 2. (Lake Naivasha.)
Western highlands of Kenya Colony north to Elgeyo.

1 Mr. Rudyerd Boulton informs me that he considers this species most nearly
related to F. hildebrandti; the Field Museum possesses specimens of F’. swierstrat
from Chitau and Mt. Moco.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 81

~— Francolinus hildebrandti hildebrandti Cabanis
Francolinus (Scleroptera) Hildebrandti Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 26, 1878,
p. 206, 243, pl. 4, f. 2. (Voi, Teita district, Kenya Colony.)
Eastern Kenya Colony, north over Ukamba to the Northern Guaso Nyiro
and southward to the adjacent parts of Tanganyika Territory south to
the Pangani.

Francolinus hildebrandti fischeri Reichenow
Francolinus Fischert Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 51. (Ussere,
Wembere Steppes, Tanganyika Territory.)
?Francolinus hildebrandti subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 131. (Nyika
Plateau, Nyasaland.)
Interior of Tanganyika Territory between Mount Kilimanjaro and
lakes Victoria and Tanganyika.

~-~Francolinus hildebrandti grotei Reichenow
Francolinus grotet Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 67, 1919, p. 334. (Mikin-
dani, Tanganyika Territory.)
Francolinus hildebrandti lindi Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p.
111. (Lindi, Tanganyika Territory.)
Coastal district of southeastern Tanganyika Territory.

Francolinus hildebrandti johnstoni Shelley
Francolinus johnstont Shelley, Ibis, 1894, p. 24. (Zomba, Milanji Hills,
Nyasaland.)
British Nyasaland to southwestern Tanganyika Territory.

~~~ Francolinus squamatus squamatus Cassin
Francolinus squamatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1857,
p. 321. (Cape Lopez, French Congo.)
?Francolinus squamatus subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 1382. (Degama,
southern Nigeria.)
African equatorial forest region south to Portuguese Congo and east
to the Uelle River and Ituri district.

Francolinus squamatus schuetti Cabanis
Francolinus (Scleroptera) Schuetti Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 28, 1880,
p. 351. (Lunda, Angola.)
Northern Angola.

~~ Francolinus squamatus zappeyi Mearns
Francolinus schuetit zappeyt Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911, no.
20, p. 4. (East shore of Lake Victoria, Kenya Colony.)
Francolinus dowashanus Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 13, 1915,
p. 394. (Ngare-Dowash.)
Uganda and western Kenya Colony south to the Kivu district, Lake
Victoria and the Kenya-Tanganyika border.

82 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus squamatus tetraoninus Blundell and Lovat
Francolinus tetraoninus Blundell and Lovat, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
1899, p. 22. (Mendie, Ethiopia.)
Francolinus squamatus subsp. 3 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 134. (Lake Zwai,
Ethiopia.)
Western Ethiopia, merging into one of the eastern races of squamatus
in the south Ethiopian lake region.

Francolinus squamatus maranensis Mearns

Francolinus schuettt maranensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1910,
no. 14, p. 1. (Marangu, 5000 feet, Mt. Kilimanjaro.)

Francolinus schuetti kapitensis ! Mearns, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 56, 1910,
no. 14, p. 2. (Juja, Kenya Colony.)

Francolinus schuettt keniensis! Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1910,
no. 14, p. 2. (Nyeri, Kenya Colony.)

?Francolinus squamatus subsp. 2 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 133. (Mau, Ra-
vine, Laikipia etc., in Kenya Colony.)

Mt. Kenya south through Kenya Colony to Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Francolinus squamatus usambarae Conover

Francolinus squamatus usambarae Conover, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 356.
(Magamba, 5200 ft., 8 miles north of Loshota [Wilhelmstal], Usam-
bara district, Tanganyika Territory.)

Confined to the Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika Territory.

Francolinus squamatus uzungwensis Bangs and Loveridge
Francolinus squamatus uzungwensis Bangs and Loveridge, Proc. New
Engl. Zoél. Cl., 12, 1931, p. 93. (Kigogo, Uzungwe Mts., Tanganyika
Territory.)
Probably confined to the Uzungwe Mountains, Tanganyika Territory.

Francolinus ahantensis Temminck
Francolinus ahantensts Temminck, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., 1, 1851, p. 49
and pl. (Ahanta, Gold Coast.)

West Africa from Gambia to Togoland.

Francolinus griseo-striatus Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus griseo-striatus Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1890, p. 349, pl. 10.
(“Congo River’ = Quanza River, Angola.)
Angola.

1 Conover, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 357-358, believes that both keniensis and kapi-
tensis are recognizable races, while Friedmann (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153,
1930, p. 120) considers both synonyms of maranensis.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 83

Francolinus camerunensis Alexander

Francolinus camerunensis Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, 1909, p. 12.
(Cameroon Mountain, at 7000 feet.)

Apparently confined to the higher forested slopes of Cameroon Moun-
tain,
Francolinus nobilis Reichenow

Francolinus nobilis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 81. (Wir-
unga [or Birunga] Volcano, Belgian Congo.)
Mountains of eastern Belgian Congo from Lake Albert to Lake Kivu.

Francolinus jacksoni jacksoni Ogilvie-Grant
Francolinus jacksoni Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 1238. (Kikuyu =
Mianzini, Kenya Colony.)
Highlands of Kenya Colony (above 7500 feet).

~~~ Francolinus jacksoni gurae Bowen

Francolinus jacksoni gurae Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 83,
1931, p. 302, 303, f. 2. (Gura River, Kenya Colony.)

Probably inhabits the lower eastern slopes of the Aberdare Mts. (be-
low 7000 feet).
~———~ Francolinus castaneicollis ogoensis Praed

Francolinus castaneicollis ogoensis Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920,
p. 141. (Sheikh Pass, 4500 ft., Ogo district, British Somaliland.)

Highlands of British Somaliland.

~~ Francolinus castaneicollis castaneicollis Salvadori

Francolinus castaneicollis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26, 1888,
p. 542. (Lake Ciar-Ciar [= Chercher], Shoa.)

?Francolinus castaneicollis subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 118. (‘‘Harar
district eastward, where it merges into ogoénsis.’’)

Mountainous area of Ethiopia east of the Hawash River, merging with
the next race in the Arussi country.
Francolinus castaneicollis bottegi Salvadori

Francolinus Bottegi Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 38, 1898, p. 652.
(Burgi, Badditu, near Lake Stephanie.)

Mountains east of the south Ethiopian lake chain.

Francolinus castaneicollis gofanus Neumann
Francolinus castaneicollis gofanus Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904,
p. 353. (Gadat, Gofa.)
?Francolinus castaneicollis subsp. 2 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 119. (Margee,
southwestern Ethiopia.)

Mountains of the Omo basin and of the upper Gelo (affluent of the
Sobat).

84 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Francolinus atrifrons Conover
Francolinus atrifrons Conover, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 438, 1930, p. 3.
(Mega, 7000 feet, Boran, Ethiopia.)
Known only from the type.

Francolinus erckelii erckelii (Riippell)
Perdix Erckelit Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1835, p. 12, pl. 6.
(Taranta Mts., northeastern Ethiopia.)
Francolinus erckeli subsp. 1 Praed, Ibis, 1922, p. 135. (Eritrea.)
Whole of the Ethiopian highlands from Eritrea south to the Hawash
Valley.

Francolinus erckelii pentoni Praed
Francolinus erckeli pentoni Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920, p. 141.
(Erkowit, Red Sea Province.)
Hills of the Red Sea Province of the Egyptian Sudan.

Genus PTERNISTIS Wacurr

Pternistis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1229. Type, by subsequent
designation, Tetrao capensis Gmelin = Tetrao afer P. L. S. Miiller.
(G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds. ed. 2, 1841, p. 79.)

cf. Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, 19380, p. 149-164.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 122-128.
Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 712-718.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Atthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 90-92.

Pternistis rufopictus Reichenow
Pternistes rufopictus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 52. (Wem-
bere Steppes, Tanganyika Territory.)
Ukerewe Island and region about the southeastern borders of Lake
Victoria.

Pternistis afer harterti Reichenow

Pternistes harterti Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 17, 1909, p. 41. (Usum-
bura, Lake Tanganyika.)

Confined to the Ruzizi Valley at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika.

Pternistis afer nyanzae Conover
Pternistes cranchi nyanzae Conover, Auk, 46, 1929, p. 345. (Fort Ternan,
Nyando Valley, 6000 ft., eon a iene Colony.)
xtreme eastern Belgian Congo (Semliki Valley and northern end of
Lake Tanganyika) east to the shores of Lake Victoria and a ad-
jacent to the south and east of the lake; Ukerewe Island.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 85

= Pternistis afer bohmi Reichenow
Pternistes Béhmi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 33, 1885, p. 465. (Igonda,
Tanganyika Territory.)
From Lake Tanganyika eastward through the western part of Tangan-
yika Territory at the lower elevations.

.. Pternistis afer intercedens Reichenow
Pternistes cranchi intercedens Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 17, 1909, p. 88.
(Lake Rukwa and base of the Livingstone Mts. on Lake Nyasa.)

Region about Lake Rukwa.

Pternistis afer itigi Bowen
Pternistis cranchii itigi Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, 1930,
p. 86. (Gwaos, near Itigi, Tanganyika Territory.)
High region of central Tanganyika Territory.

- Pternistis afer cranchii (Leach)
Perdizx cranchii Leach, in Tuckey’s Narr. Explor. Zaire, 1818, app.,
p. 408. (Lower Congo Valley.)
Southern Belgian Congo (south of the equatorial rain forest), and north-
ern Angola, east to the southern half of Lake Tanganyika and the northern
end of Lake Nyasa.

Pternistis afer punctulatus (J. EH. Gray)

Perdiz punctulata J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke’s Illustr. Ind.
Zool., 2, 1834, pl. 43, f. 2. (India = Villa General Machado, Quanza
Valley, Angola, designated as type locality by Bowen, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, 1930, p. 158-159.)

Northern slope of the interior plateau of Angola.

Pternistis afer benguellensis Bocage

Pternistes afer (Miill.) var. benguellensis Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. e Nat., Acad. Real Sci. Lisboa (2), 3, 1893, p. 154. (Galanga,
Angola.)

Pternistis cranchi angolensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 18, 1929,
p. 71. (Mombola, Angola.) Preoccupied by Pternistes afer var. ango-
lensis Bocage, 1893.

Highest portions (above 6000 feet) of the Angola Plateau.

Pternistis afer afer (P. L. S. Miiller)

Tetrao afer P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 129. (Africa,
ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 180. Benguella, suggested as type
locality by Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 133.)

Pternistis afer cunenensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 22.
(Cunene River, South Africa.)

Angola coastal region from the Dande River south to the Cunene (not

found above 4000 feet).

86 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pternistis afer leucoparaeus (Fischer and Reichenow)

Francolinus (Pternistes) leucoparaeus Fischer and Reichenow, Journ. f.
Orn., 32, 1884, p. 263. (Kipini, at the mouth of the Tana River,
Kenya Colony.)

Pternistes nudicollis melanogaster Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 46, 1898,
p. 299, pl. 3, f. 1. (Tanga, Tanganyika Territory.)

Eastern Kenya Colony and northern Tanganyika Territory, from the

Tana to the Pangani rivers.

Pternistis afer humboldtii (Peters)
Francolinus humboldtit Peters, Monatschr. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854,
p. 184. (Tete, Mozambique.)
Lowlands of southern Tanganyika Territory and Mozambique over the
Zambesi Valley to Tete, south to Inhambane.

Pternistis afer swynnertoni W. L. Sclater
Piernistes afer swynnertoni W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,
p. 1384. (Chirinda [or Silinda] Forest, Gazaland.)

Southern Mozambique and adjacent parts of Southern Rhodesia.

Pternistis afer castaneiventer ! Gunning and Roberts

Pternistes castaneiventer Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3,
1911, p. 110. (Fort Beaufort district, Cape Province.)

Pternistes afer krebsi Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 68, 1920, p. 78. (Caf-
fraria, eastern Cape Province.)

Pternistis castaneiventer lehmanni Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 14, 1931,
p. 238. (Eastern Transvaal.)

Coastal region of South Africa from Swellendam to Natal.

Pternistis swainsonii (A. Smith)

Perdiz Swainsonit A. Smith, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr., 1836, p. 54.
(Rivers south of Kurrichane = western Transvaal.)

Pternistis swainsoni damarensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 14, 1931,
p. 238. (Kenilworth, Otjiwarongo, South-West Africa.)

Pternistis swainsoni chobiensis Roberts, Ann. Transy. Mus., 15, 1932,
p. 23. (Kabulabula, Chobe [or Linyante] River, Ngamiland.)

Pternistis swainsoni gilli Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 23.
(Ondonga, South-West Africa.)

Ovampoland and Damaraland east to northern and western Transvaal,
and north to the Zambesi.

Pternistis leucoscepus leucoscepus (G. R. Gray)
Francolinus leucoscepus G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae,

1 Replaces Pternistis nudicollis of authors, not Boddaert.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 87

1867, p. 48. (New name for Perdix rubricollis Cretzschmar, not of
Gmelin. Ethiopia.)
Eritrea and highlands of eastern Ethiopia to the Hawash Valley and
northern Somaliland.

—... Pternistis leucoscepus muhamed-ben-abdullah Erlanger

Pternistes leucoscepus muhamed-ben-abdullah Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, 1904, p. 97. (Between El Uak and Bardera, South Somaliland.)

Southern Somaliland and northern Kenya Colony to the Lorian Swamp
and northeast of the Northern Guaso Nyiro.

_.... Pternistis leucoscepus holtemiilleri Erlanger
Pternistes leucoscepus holtemiilleri Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904,
p. 98. (Lake Abaya, Ethiopia.)
Southern Ethiopia south to the Kenya border.

--~—- Pternistis leucoscepus infuscatus Cabanis
Pternistes infuscatus Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 16, 1868, p. 413. (Interior
of East Africa = Lake Jipe, near Kilimanjaro.)
Pternistes leucoscepus kilimensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911,
no. 20, p. 2. (Mt. Kilimanjaro region, East Africa.)
Kenya Colony from north of Mt. Elgon and Lake Baringo, south to the
Pangani River in Tanganyika Territory.

~—--. Pternistis leucoscepus keniensis Mearns
Pternistes leucoscepus keniensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911,
no. 20, p. 1. (N’joro or Kasorongai River, 6500 feet, western slope of
Mt. Kenia.)
Interior of Kenya Colony from the Northern Guaso Nyiro to Mt. Kenia.
(Doubtfully distinct from infuscatus.)

- Pternistis leucoscepus tokora Stoneham
Pternistis leucoscepus tokora Stoneham, Bateleur, 2, 1930, p. 113.
(Karamoja, Uganda.)
Northeastern Uganda.

Genus PERDIX Brisson

Perdiz Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 26, 219. Type, by tautonymy, Perdix
cinerea Brisson = Tetrao perdix Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1927-1938.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 422-426; 7,
1930, p. 469.
Stantschinsky, Orn. Monatsb., 37, 1929, p. 135-139.

88 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Perdix perdix perdix (Linné)

Tetrao Perdix Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 160. (Europe, re-

stricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.)!

Perdix galliae Bacmeister and Kleinschmidt, Journ. f. Orn., 66, 1918,

p. 254, note. (Northeastern France.)?

British Isles; Europe generally from southern Sweden to southern
France, the Alps, Austria, Hungary and Macedonia; east to the Vistula
River and southwestern Ukrania. Formerly in Greece, where now
extirpated.

Perdix perdix armoricana Hartert
Perdix perdix armoricana Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 284. (Ruiaillé,
Loire Inférieure, France.)
Normandy and Brittany.

Perdix perdix sphagnetorum (Altum)
Starna cinerea var. sphagnetorum Altum, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 268..
(Meppen, Hannover, Germany.)
Moors of northeastern Holland and adjacent parts of East Frisia and
Hannover.?

Perdix perdix hispaniensis Reichenow
Perdix hispaniensis Reichenow, Ber. Mirz-Sitz., Deutsche Orn. Ges.,
1892, p. 5. (Corufia, Spain.)
Pyrenees and northern Spain.

Perdix perdix italica Hartert

Perdix perdix italica Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 283. (Near
Chianti, Italy, type from Badia de Passignano.)

Italy.

Perdix perdix lucida (Altum)
Starna cinerea var. lucida Altum, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 268. (Hast
Prussia.)

Baltic Sea provinces of Russia, East Prussia and Poland east of the
Vistula River, east to the line Leningrad-Kazan-Astrakhan.

1 Sharpe (Hand-list, 1, p. 26) follows Ogilvie-Grant in recognizing Tetrao
damascenus Gmelin as the partridge of western Europe, but Hartert, supra,
considers it only as a synonym of Tetrao perdix Linné.

2 In the Journ. f. Orn., 75, 1927, p. 575, Stresemann has named Perdix
perdiz mut. mystacea. It is quite evident that he is not naming a geographical
subspecies; nevertheless the use of trinomials to designate a color phase or
““mutation”’ can only lead to confusion, if not among present-day ornitholo-
gists, then among the future generation. If color phases are to be named, let
them be distinguished by letters or formulae that cannot possibly be regarded
as valid names from a taxonomic standpoint.

3 For detailed information as to former range and present state of this sub-
species cf. Peus, Orn. Monatsb., 37, 1929, p. 129-135.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 89

--~Perdix perdix robusta Homeyer and Tancré
Perdix robusta Homeyer and Tancré, Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien, 7, 1883,
p. 92. (Altai.)
?Perdix perdix caucasica Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 543.
(Northern Caucasus.)
Northwestern Russia from Arkhangelsk south to Kazan, east to the
Altai. (South also to the northern Caucasus?)

Perdix perdix arenicola Buturlin
Perdix arenicola Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 148. (65 kilom.
southwest of Turgai, southwestern Siberia.)
Perdix perdix buturlini Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907,
p. 47. (Valleys of the Tschirtschik and Keles, Syr-Daria.)
Middle and lower Volga east to Dzungaria.

Perdix perdix furvescens Buturlin
Perdix perdix furvescens Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908, September no.,
p. 6.° (Talysch:)
Perdix perdix fulvescens (lapsus?) Zarudny, Journ. f. Orn., 59, 1911,
p. 204. (South-Caspian region, Persia. Nomen nudum.)
Talysch [southwestern shores of Caspian Sea] and probably also the
south-Caspian region in northern Persia.

Perdix perdix canescens Buturlin
Perdix perdix canescens Buturlin, Ibis, 1906, p. 409, 411. (Akhaltsikh,
Transcaucasia.)
From the Kura valley in Transcaucasia south to Eregli in Asia Minor
and Lake Urumiyeh in northwestern Persia.

~----Perdix barbata barbata J. Verreaux and Des Murs!
Perdix barbata J. Verreaux and Des Murs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1863, p. 62, pl. 9. (Nerchinsk in Inner Dauria = Transbaikalia.)
Perdix melanothorax Tegetmeier, Field, 91, 1898, p. 439. (No locality,
based on specimens in the London Market.)
Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and northern China in provinces of Shensi,
Shansi and Chihli.

~=~-~-Perdix barbata turcomana Stolzmann
Perdiz daurica turcomana Stolzmann, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow,
n.s., 11, 1897 (1898), p. 79. (‘‘Goultscha”’ = Kuldja, central Asia.)
Perdiz daurica occidentalis Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 46.
(Kuldja, Issyk-Kul, Musart and Naryn-Kol, Turkestan.)
Eastern Turkestan, north and east to Minussinsk, extreme north-
western Mongolia and the eastern Tian Shans.

1 Replaces Tetrao perdizx var. daurica Pallas, the so-called subspecific name
daurica having been proposed not in a nomenclatorial but in a vernacular
sense. :

90 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Perdix barbata przewalskii Sushkin

Perdix barbata przewalskii Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 38.
(South Koko-nor Range.)

Perdix barbata kukunoorensis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930,
p. 18. (Heitsuitse on the Sining-ho, northern Kansu.)

Zaidam, eastern Nan Shans, region about Koko-nor, Tetung Mountains
and northern Kansu.
Perdix barbata suschkini Poliakov
Perdix daurica suschkini Poliakov, Orn. Mitt., 6, 1915, p. 38. (Us-
suriland.)
Middle Amur and Ussuriland.
Perdix hodgsoniae koslowi Collin

Perdix hodgsoniae occidentalis Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,

p. 38. (Gurbanangyz-gol, Nan Shan.) Not Perdix daurica occiden-
talis Buturlin.

Perdix hodgsoniae koslowt Collin, Orn. Monatsb., 35, Mar. 1927, p. 55.
(New name for P. h. occidentalis Sushkin.)

Perdix hodgsomx nanshanice Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, Nov.
1927, p. 27. (New name for P. h. occidentalis Sushkin.)

Western Nan Shans to the South Koko-nor Range.

Perdix hodgsoniae sifanica Przevalski

Perdiz sifanica Przevalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 124.
(High mountains of Kansu = Eastern Nan Shan on the route from
eastern Koko-nor to Jing-yuan-yen [Capital of Ala-Shan Province]
fide P. P. Sushkin in litt. to O. Bangs.)

Eastern Nan Shans east to western Kansu, south to southeastern Tibet
(upper Irrawaddy and upper Mekong valleys) and western Szechuan.
Perdix hodgsoniae caraganae R. and A. Meinertzhagen

Perdix hodgsonx caragane R. and A. Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 46, 1926, p. 86. (Shushal, 15000 ft., eastern Ladak.)

Eastern Ladak from Pangkong Lake to Rupshu and Hanle; Kumaon.
Perdix hodgsoniae hodgsoniae (Hodgson)

Sacfa Hodgsonix Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 25, 1857, p. 165,
and pl. (Tibet.)
Tibet (except the portions occupied by the two preceding subspecies)
south to Nepal, Sikkim, and the Abor and Mishmi hills.

GENus RHIZOTHERA G. R. Gray

Rhizothera G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 79. Type, by
monotypy, Perdix longirostris Temminck.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 183-185.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 91

-... = Rhizothera longirostris longirostris (Temminck)

Perdiz Longirostris Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 323, 721.
(Sumatra.)

Southern Tenasserim and southwestern Siam south through the Malay
Peninsula; Sumatra; western Borneo.
Rhizothera longirostris dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant

Rhizothera dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 27.
(Mt. Dulit, 4000 ft., Sarawak, Borneo.)

Mountains of northern Borneo.

GENUS MARGAROPERDIX ReEIcHENBACH

Margaroperdix Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xxviii.

Type, by original designation and monotypy, Tetrao madagarensis
Scopoli.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 195-197.

~—-~--~Mf argaroperdix madagarensis (Scopoli)

Tetrao madagarensis Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786,
p. 938. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.
Genus MELANOPERDIX JERDoN
Melanoperdix Jerdon, Bds. India, 3, 1864, p. 580. Type, by original
designation, Cryptonyx niger Vigors.
cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 227-229.

~~--~=Melanoperdix nigra nigra (Vigors)
Cryptonyx niger Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1829, p. 349. (No type locality
given.)
Malay Peninsula from Province of Wellesley southward; Sumatra.

~~. Melanoperdix nigra borneensis Rothschild
Melanoperdiz nigra borneensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917,
p. 3. (Balingean, Sarawak, Borneo.)
Borneo.

Genus COTURNIX BoNNATERRE

Coturniz Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1791, p. Ixxxvii.
Type, by tautonymy, “‘Caille” = Tetrao coturnix Linné.

Maroturnia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 112. Type, by original
designation, Coturnix pectoralis Gould.

Zecoturniz Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76.

Type, by original designation, Coturnix novaezelandiae Quoy and
Gaimard.

92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 372-376; 7,
1930, p. 460-461.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 338-343.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1938-1943.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 62-65.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 374-375.
Coturnix coturnix coturnix (Linné)

Tetrao Coturniz Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 161. (Europe,
Asia, Africa. Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.)

Coturnix coturnix corsicana Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 23, 1912, p. 218.
(Corsica.)

Breeds in Europe from lat. 65° N. south to the islands in the Mediter-
ranean Sea and in northern Africa; in western Asia east to Lake Baikal,
from lat. 61° N., south to Asia Minor, Persia, Afghanistan and India to the
Deccan. Winters in northern tropical Africa to Senegal, Lake Chad and
Somaliland, in Arabia, and the plains of India.

Coturnix coturnix ussuriensis ! Bogdanov
Coturnix ussuriensis Bogdanoy, Consp. Av. Imp. Rossicae, 1884, p. 45.
(Ussuriland to Lake Baikal.)

Breeds in eastern Asia from Transbaikalia to Ussuriland, north to the
upper Seja River, south to Manchuria and northern Mongolia. Winter
range not worked out, but many individuals occur in winter in the breed-
ing range.

Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel
Coturnix vulgaris japonica Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna
Jap., Aves, 1849, p. 103, pl. 61. (Japan.)

Breeds on Sakhalin and the Japanese islands. In winter to southern

China, Siam, Indochina, Formosa and Hainan.

Coturnix coturnix conturbans Hartert

Coturnix coturnix conturbans Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 423.
(San Pedro, Santa Maria, Azores.)
Permanent resident on the Azores.

Coturnix coturnix confisa Hartert
Coturnix coturniz confisa Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 423. (Ponta
do Pargo, Madeira.)
Permanent resident on Madeira and the Canary Islands.
Coturnix coturnix inopinata Hartert
Coturnix coturnix inopinata Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 422. (Sao

Nicolio, Cape Verde Islands.)
Permanent resident on the Cape Verde Islands.

1 This form resurrected by Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
1928 (1929), p. 160.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 93

Coturnix coturnix erlangeri Zedlitz
Coturnix coturnix erlangert Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 60, 1912, p. 344.
(Cunni, near Harar, Ethiopia.)
Resident on the highlands of eastern Ethiopia.

—-Coturnix coturnix africana Temminck and Schlegel

Coturniz vulgaris africana Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna
Jap., Aves, 1849, p. 103, in text. (South Africa.)
Resident in Africa south of the Cunene and Zambesi rivers; also in
Nyasaland, eastern Congo highlands and parts of Kenya Colony; Mada-
gascar, Comoro Islands and Mauritius.

~.Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin)

Tetrao coromandelicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 764. (Coro-
mandel Coast.)
India and Burma to the Shan States; Ceylon.

- Coturnix delegorguei delegorguei Delegorgue

Coturnix delegorguet Delegorgue, Voy. Afr. Austr., 2, 1847, p. 615.
(Oury, upper Limpopo River, Transvaal.)
Africa (except West African forest region) from Cabinda, the Sudan
and Ethiopia to Cape Province.
Coturnix delegorguei histrionica Hartlaub

Coturnix histrionica Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 1, 1849, p. 495.
(Sao Thomé Island, Gulf of Guinea.)

Island of Sao Thomé.

Coturnix delegorguei arabica Bannerman

Coturniz delegorguei arabica Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1929,
p. 109. (Lahej, southern Arabia.)

Southern Arabia.

~Coturnix pectoralis Gould

Coturnix pectoralis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1837, pl. 29, f. 1.
(New South Wales.)

Coturnix pectoralis praetermissa Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 178.
(West Australia, type from Broome Hill.)!

Australia and Tasmania.

{Coturnix novae-zelandiae Quoy and Gaimard

Coturnix Nove-Zelandiz Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de |’ ‘Astrolabe,’
Zool., 1, 1830, p. 242. (Baie Chouraki = Hawraki Gulf, North Island,
New Zealand.)

New Zealand. Extinct since about 1870.
1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 47.

94 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus SYNOICUS Govutp

Synoicus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 12, 1843, pl. [13], (= 5, pl. 89.) Type,
by monotypy, Perdix australis Latham.

Y psilophorus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 127. New name for
Synoicus Gould, on grounds of preoccupation by Synoicum Phipps
1774.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 66-72.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 47; 36, 1930, p. 125-127.

Synoicus ypsilophorus raaltenii (S. Miiller)

Perdix Raalteni S. Miller, Verh. nat. ges. Ned., Land-en Volkenk., pt.
5, 1842, p. 158. (Pritti, Timor.)

Flores, Alor, Wetar, Timor, Kisar, Letti, Moa and Luang.

Synoicus ypsilophorus pallidior Hartert

Synoicus raalteni pallidior Hartert, Nov. Zool., 4, 1897, p. 271. (Savu
Island.)

Sumba and Savu.

Synoicus ypsilophorus saturatior Hartert

Synoicus ypsilophorus saturatior Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 125.
(Ifar [or Ifaar], Sentani Lake, Dutch New Guinea.)

Confined to the Humboldt Bay region of northern New Guinea.

Synoicus ypsilophorus plumbeus Salvadori

Synoecus plumbeus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 34, 1894, p. 152.
(Vakena Mts., New Guinea.)

Southeastern New Guinea.

Synoicus ypsilophorus cervinus Gould

Synoicus cervinus Gould, Handb. Bds. Austr., 2, 1865, p. 195. (Port
Essington, Northern Territory.)

Coturnix australis melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 26.
(Melville Island.)

Coturniz australis rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 179. (Parry’s
Creek, North-West Australia.)

Coturnix australis mungit Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 179. (Mungi,
North-West Australia, 7.e. Mungi Rock Hole, 8 miles southeast of
Mt. Alexander, West Kimberley.)

North-West Australia, Northern Territory and Melville Island.

Synoicus ypsilophorus queenslandicus (Mathews)

Coturniz australis queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 26. (Cape York, Queensland.)

Northern Queensland.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 95

Synoicus ypsilophorus australis (Latham)
Perdix australis Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lxii. (New South
Wales.)
Southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria. Introduced into
New Zealand.

?Synoicus ypsilophorus sordidus Gould
Synoicus sordidus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 33. (South
Australia.)
South-West and South Australia. (Perhaps not separable from aus-
tralis.)

~Synoicus ypsilophorus ypsilophorus (Bosc)

Coturnix ypsilophorus Bosc, Journ. Hist. Nat. Paris, 2, 1792, p. 297, pl.
39. (No locality = Tasmania apud Mathews.)

Tasmania.
GEeNus EXCALFACTORIA BonaPartTE

Excalfactoria Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p.
881. Type, by tautonymy, Tetrao chinensis Linné [Coturnix excal-
factoria Temminck in synonymy].

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 369-372; 7,

1930, p. 460.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 343-344.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 47-48.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 73-76.
Rensch, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 473-474.

~Excalfactoria adansonii (J. and E. Verreaux)

Coturniz Adansonii J. and E. Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 3, 1851,
p. 515. (Gaboon.)
Africa from Sierra Leone, eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and Ethiopia
south to Angola and eastern Cape Province; absent from the equatorial
forests.

~~Excalfactoria chinensis chinensis (Linné)

Tetrao chinensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 277. (China and
the Philippines = Nanking, China, ex Edwards.)

India (except northwestern) east to southeastern China and south
through the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Indochina; Ceylon; Hainan;
Formosa. Introduced into Mauritius and Réunion.

Excalfactoria chinensis trinkutensis Richmond
Excalfactoria trinkutensis Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902,
p. 310. (Trinkut Island, Nicobar group.)
Nicobar Islands (Car Nicobar, Trinkut, Camorta).

96 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Excalfactoria chinensis palmeri Riley
Excalfactoria chinensis palmert Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919,
p. 93. (Daroe, Java.)
Excalfactoria chinensis cerulescens Hachisuka, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1926, p. 69. (Sarawak, Borneo.)

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

Excalfactoria chinensis lineata (Scopoli)
Oriolus lineatus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786, p. 87.
(Luzon, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)
?Excalfactoria chinensis rostrata Hachisuka, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1926, p. 69. (Nomen nudum!)
Philippine Islands.

Excalfactoria chinensis lineatula Rensch
Excalfactoria chinensis lineatula Rensch, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17,
1931, p. 473. (Badjawa, Flores.)

Lombok, Sumba, Flores, Timor.

Excalfactoria chinensis minima Gould
Excalfactoria minima Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 128.
(Macassar, Celebes.)
Celebes.

Excalfactoria chinensis lepida Hartlaub

Excalfactoria lepida Hartlaub, Sitzungsb. no. 7, Ver. naturwiss. Unterh.
Hamburg, 1879, p. 3. (Mioko, Duke of York Island.)

Bismarck Archipelago and eastern New Guinea.

Excalfactoria chinensis australis Gould

Excalfatoria (sic) australis Gould, Handb. Bds. Austr., 2, 1865, p. 197.
(South Queensland.)

Excalfactoria chinensis cairnse Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 83.
(Cairns, Queensland. )

Excalfactoria chinensis victoriae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 179.
(Victoria, type from Koo Wee Reep.)

Eastern Australia from Queensland to Victoria.

Excalfactoria chinensis colletti Mathews

Excalfactoria chinensis colletti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 73.
(Glencoe, Northern Territory.)
Northern Territory.

1 Fxcalfactoria chinensis has been recorded from Halmahera, Ternate and
the Sulu Islands, but the subspecific identity of the birds from those islands
is not known. Wetmore (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 176-177),
records EL. c. lineata from Guam, stating on the authority of Seale, that this
quail was introduced from Manila in 1894.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 97

GENUS PERDICULA Hopcson

Perdicula, Hodgson, Bengal Sport. Mag., 9, 1837, p. 344. Type, by
original designation, Perdicula rubicola Hodgson = Perdix asiatica
Latham.

Microplectron Streubel, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl., sect. 3, 16,
1842, p. 291. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘C. cambayensis Lath. Temm.” =
Perdix asiatica Latham.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 376-380; 7,

1930, p. 462.

-————~Perdicula asiatica asiatica (Latham)
Perdiz asiatica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 649. (Mahratta region,
India.)

India from Kashmir and the outer Himalayas south on the west to
southern India, in the middle portion to the Deccan and on the east to
Orissa, intergrading or interdigitating with the next race over a large por-
tion of its range.

Perdicula asiatica argoondah (Sykes)
Coturnizx Argoondah Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 153.
(Deccan.)
Southeastern India from Madras to the extreme south, west to the
plains of Mysore and Travancore, interdigitating with the previous race
over a large part of central India.

GEeNus CRYPTOPLECTRON ! SrrevBEL

Cryptoplectron Streubel, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encyel., sect. 3, 16,
1842, p. 291. Type, by monotypy, Coturnix erythrorhyncha Sykes.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 380-385; 7,
1930, p. 462-463.

-~--=« Cryptoplectron erythrorhynchum erythrorhynchum (Sykes)
Coturniz erythrorhyncha Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1882,
p. 153. (Karli Valley, North Konkan.)
Western Ghats and hill ranges of southwestern India from Poona to
Travancore.

Cryptoplectron erythrorhynchum blewitti (Hume)
Microperdiz Blewitti Anonymous = Hume, Str. Feath., 2, 1874, p. 512.
(Raipur.)
Central Provinces of India north and east of the preceding race.

1 Replaces Microperdix Gould of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cryptoplectron manipurensis inglisi (Ogilvie-Grant)
Microperdix inglist Ogilvie-Grant, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 19,
1909, p. 1 and pl. (Goalpara, Assam.)

Assam north of the Brahmapootra from Jalpaiguri east to Sadiya.

Cryptoplectron manipurensis manipurensis (Hume)
Perdicula manipurensis Hume, Str. Feath., 9, 1880, p. 467. (Bases of
the hills in the southeastern portion of the Manipur Plain.)

Assam south of the Brahmapootra (hills in Manipur and Cachar, Naga
Hills and Khasia Hills).

Genus ARBOROPHILA Hopcson

Arborophila Hodgson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 5, 1837, p. 303. Type,
by monotypy, ‘‘ Perdix olivacea Latham”’ = Perdix torqueola Valen-
ciennes.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 385-397; 7,

1930, p. 463-464.
Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frangaise, 1, 1931, p. 264-272.
Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 205-219; 7.e., species
1-15 incl. (sub nom. Arboricola Hodgson).

‘Arborophila torqueola millardi (Stuart Baker)
Arboricola torqueola millardi Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,
p. 101. (Koteghur.)

Valleys of northwestern India (between 5000 and 10,000 feet) north
and west of the Simla Hills.

Arborophila torqueola torqueola (Valenciennes)
Perdiz torqueola Valenciennes, Dict. Sci. Nat. [éd. Levrault], 38, 1825
(1826), p. 485. (Bengal.)
Northern India (at elevations between 4000 and 14,000 feet) from
Garhwal to eastern Assam, north to southern Tibet and south in the hills
to Cachar and Manipur.

Arborophila torqueola batemani (Ogilvie-Grant)
Arboricola batemani Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 68.
(Tiddem, near Fort White, Chin Hills.)

Kachin and Chin Hills in Upper Burma. (Specimens from south-
western Yunnan should belong to this race on geographical grounds.)

Arborophila torqueola griseata Delacour and Jabouille

Arborophila torqueola griseata Delacour and Jabouille, Rev. d’Hist. Nat.,
2™°¢ partie, L’Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 408. [Author’s separates, p. 16.]
(Fan-si-pan, Chapa, 2800 met., Tonkin.)

Western Tonkin in the Fan-si-pan Mts., above 7000 feet.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 99

~— Arborophila rufogularis rufogularis (Blyth)
Arboricola rufogularis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, pt. 2, 1850,
p. 819. (Darjeeling.)
Northern India (at elevations between 4000 and 8000 feet) from Garhwal
to eastern Assam.
Arborophila rufogularis intermedia (Blyth)
Arboricola intermedia Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 24, 1856, p. 277.
(Arrakan.)
Assam east and south of the Brahmapootra to Arrakan.
~~ Arborophila rufogularis tickelli (Hume)

Arboricola tickelli Hume, in Hume and Marshall, Game Bds. India,
Burmah and Ceylon, 2, 1880, p. 78, note, pl. [11], fig. of head. (Mule-
yit, Tenasserim.)

Southern Shan States and Tenasserim, east to southwestern Laos.

~~ ~~Arborophila rufogularis euroa (Bangs and Phillips)

Arboricola rufogularis euroa Bangs and Phillips, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
58, 1914, p. 268. (Mengtsz, Yunnan.)

Arborophila rufogularis laotinus Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 8. (Xieng Khouang, Laos.)!

Southeastern Yunnan to northern Laos.

Arborophila rufogularis guttata Delacour and Jabouille

Arborophila rufogularis guttata Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, 1928, p. 128. (Bana, 1500 met., Annam.)
Hills of central Annam.

Arborophila rufogularis annamensis (Robinson and Kloss)
Arboricola rufogularis annamensis Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1919,
p. 403, pl. 10. (Langbian Peaks, 7200 ft., Annam.)
Hills of southern Annam.

~——~ Arborophila atrogularis (Blyth)
Arboricola atrogularis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, pt. 2, 1850,
p. 819. (Assam, Sylhet and Arrakan.)
Assam and northern part of Upper Burma, chiefly in the lowlands but
occurring up to 5000 feet.

Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
Oreoperdix crudigularis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1864, p. 426. (Interior moun-
tains of Formosa.)?
Mountains of the Island of Formosa.

1 The three specimens of euroa from Mengtsz, that I have examined do
not fit the description of either intermedia or tickelli, but agree closely with
the diagnosis of laotinus.

2 In spite of their widely separated ranges, atrogularis and crudigularis ap-
pear to be little more than subspecifically distinct.

100 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Arborophila mandellii Hume
Arborophila Mandellii Hume, Str. Feath., 2, 1874, p. 449. (Bhutan
Duars.)
Hills north of the Brahmapootra from Sikkim and Bhutan to eastern
Assam.

Arborophila brunneopectus brunneopectus (Blyth)
Arboricola brunneopectus ‘“‘Tickell”’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 24,
1855, p. 276. (Muleyit, Tenasserim.)
Eastern Assam and western Yunnan to western Siam, eastern Burma
and Tenasserim.

Arborophila brunneopectus henrici (Oustalet)
Arboricola Henrici Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 2, 1896, p. 317.
(Maison, Tonkin, and Kuang-tri, Annam.)
Arborophila brunneipectus nevent Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 8. (Xieng Khouang, Laos.)
Western Tonkin to northern and central Annam.

Arborophila brunneopectus albigula (Robinson and Kloss)
Arboricola brunneipectus albigula Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1919, p. 405,
pl. 11. (Dran, 3000 feet, Annam.)

Southern Annam.

Arborophila rufipectus Boulton
Arborophila rufipectus Boulton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932, p. 235.
(Ta Cho Fu, lat. 29° 20’ N., long. 102° 45’ E., western Szechuan,

China.)
Unique.

Arborophila gingica (Gmelin)

Tetrao gingicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 760. (‘‘Gingi in
Coromandel” ex Sonnerat. Error = southeastern China. Fokien
generally accepted as the type locality, but restricted to the Island
of Luzon by Ogilvie-Grant, infra 1899!) ue

Arboricola ricketti Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1899, p. 47.
(Mountains of Kuatun, Fokien.)

Arboricola collaris Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 69, 1921, p. 263. (Kwang-
tung Province, China, type from Yiu-san Mts.)

Arborophila ricketti sini Delacour, Rev. d’. Hist. Nat., 2™* partie,

' L’?Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 337. (Lo Shian, Yao Shan, Kwangsi.)

Mountains of southeastern China in provinces of Fokien, Kwangtung

and Kwangsi.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 101

Arborophila davidi Delacour
Arborophila davidi Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 169.
(Phurieng, 800 feet, 38 miles east of Saigon, Cochin China.) Col. pl.,
Ibis, 1928, pl. 5.

Known only from the type.

Arborophila cambodiana cambodiana Delacour and Jabouille
Arborophila cambodiana Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
48, 1928, p. 128. (Bokor, 1000 met., Cambodia.)
Known only from the type locality.

Arborophila cambodiana diversa Riley
Arborophila diversa Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 48, 1930, p. 189.
(Kao Sabab, Chantaboon, southeastern Siam.)
Known only from the type.

Arborophila orientalis campbelli (Robinson)

Arboricola campbelli Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, 1904, p. 28.
(Telém Valley, 3500-4500 ft., borders of Perak and Penang, Malay
Peninsula.) Col. pl., Ibis, 1905, pl. 4.

Mountains of the Malay Peninsula from Perak to southern Selangor.

Arborophila orientalis rolli (Rothschild)
Arboricola rolli Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, 1909, p. 7. (Mt. Si
Bajak, Batu Bara district, Battack Mts., Sumatra.)

Apparently confined to the Battack Mts. in northwestern Sumatra.

Arborophila orientalis sumatrana Ogilvie-Grant
Arborophila sumatrana Ogilvie-Grant, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),
8, 1891, p. 297. (Sumatra.)

Mountains of central Sumatra.

Arborophila orientalis orientalis (Horsfield)

Perdix orientalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 184. (Java, type from Province of Blambangan, eastern Java.)

Mountains of eastern Java.

Arborophila javanica javanica (Gmelin)
Tetrao javanicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 761. (Java.)
Mountains of western Java.

~~Arborophila javanica bartelsi Siebers

Arborophila javanica bartelsi Siebers, Treubia, 11, 1929, p. 149. (Tjeri-
mai Mts., 2500 met., border between western and middle Java.)

Mountains of middle Java.

102 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Arborophila rubrirostris (Salvadori)
Peloperdix rubrirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879,
p. 251. (Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.)

Mountains of Sumatra.

Arborophila hyperythra (Sharpe)
Bambusicola hyperythra Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 266. (Borneo, type from
Lawas River.)
Mountains of northwestern Borneo.

Arborophila ardens (Styan)
Arboricola ardens Styan, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 6. (Hainan,
type from Liuwowan.)
Mountains of the Island of Hainan.

Genus TROPICOPERDIX Buytu

Tropicoperdix Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 28, 1859, p. 415. Type,
by subsequent designation, T'ropicoperdix chloropus Blyth. (Ogilvie-
Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 205.)

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 397-399; 7,

1930, p. 465.
Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frangaise, 1, 1931, p. 272-276.

Tropicoperdix charltonii charltonii (Eyton)
Perdix Charltonii Eyton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 16, 1845, p. 230.
(Malacca.)
Tenasserim, southern Siam, Malay States.

Tropicoperdix charltonii tonkinensis Delacour
Tropicoperdix charltoni tonkinensis Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1927, p. 152. (Backan, northeastern Tonkin.)

Tonkin and northern Annam.

Tropicoperdix charltonii graydoni (Sharpe and Chubb)
Arboricola graydoni Sharpe and Chubb, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 133. (San-
dakan, northeastern Borneo.)

Borneo.

Tropicoperdix chloropus chloropus Blyth
Tropicoperdix chloropus ‘‘Tickell’’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 28,
1859, p. 415. (Mountainous interior of Tenasserim = Muleyit.)

Upper Burma from Bhamo and Katha south to eastern Pegu, western
Siam and Tenasserim to Tavoy.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 103

Tropicoperdix chloropus olivacea Delacour and Jabouille

Tropicoperdix chioropus olivacea Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, 1928, p. 129. (Napé, 800 met., Laos.)

Hills of Indo-China from Laos to Cambodia.

Tropicoperdix chloropus cognacqi Delacour and Jabouille

Tropicoperdix cognacqi Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
1924, p. 29. (Saigon, French Indo-China.) Col. pl., Ibis, 1925, pl. 6,
eye

Southern Indo-China.

Tropicoperdix merlini merlini Delacour and Jabouille

Tropicoperdix merlini Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
1924, p. 28. (Mailanh, Quangtri, Annam.) Col. pl. Ibis, 1925, pl. 6,
finals

Interior of Annam.

Tropicoperdix merlini vivida Delacour

Tropicoperdiz merlint vivida Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 9. (Col des Nuages, Annam.)

Coastal hills of central Annam.

Genus CALOPERDIX Btiytu

Caloperdiz Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 30, 1861, p. 193, note, in text.
Type, by monotypy, Caloperdix ocellatus = Cryptonyx ocellatus
Vigors = Perdix oculea Temminck.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 399-400; 7,
1930, p. 465.
Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1921, p. 18, and
col. pl.

Caloperdix oculea oculea (Temminck)
Perdiz oculea Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 408, 732. (India.)

Southwestern Siam and southern Malay Peninsula north to the Douna
Range.

—Caloperdix oculea sumatrana Ogilvie-Grant
Caloperdix sumatrana Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 5.
(Sumatra and Java.)
Sumatra.?

1 Java is generally included in the range of this form, apparently on the
basis of a skin in the British Museum supposed to have been collected by
Horsfield, but according to the list of birds of Java published by Bartels and
Stresemann in Treubia, 11, livr. 1, 1929, sumatrana does not occur there and
must be stricken from the list of Javanese birds.

104 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-Caloperdix oculea borneensis Ogilvie-Grant

Caloperdix borneensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 5.
(Mount Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.)

Borneo.

Genus HAEMATORTYX SuHarprt
Hematortyx (sic) Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 266. Type, by original designa-
tion, Hematortyx sanguiniceps Sharpe.
cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 221-222.

Haematortyx sanguiniceps Sharpe

Hematortyx sanguiniceps Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 266. (Lawas River,
Borneo.)

Northern Borneo.

GENUS ROLLULUS BonnatTERRE

Rollulus Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyce. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1791, p. xciii.
Type, by monotypy, ‘‘Roulroul”’ = Phasianus roulroul Scopoli.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 367-368; 7,
1930, p. 459.

Rollulus roulroul (Scopoli)

Phasianus Roulroul Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786,
p. 93. (Malacca.)

Tenasserim and southwestern Siam south to the tip of the Malay
Peninsula; Sumatra; Borneo.

Genus PTILOPACHUS Swainson

Ptilopachus Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 844. Type, by mono-
typy, Ptilopachus erythrorhynchus Swainson = Tetrao petrosus
Gmelin.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 334-338.
Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 689-691.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Atthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 94-95.

Ptilopachus petrosus petrosus (Gmelin)
Tetrao petrosus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 758. (Gambia.)
Africa from Senegal to the Shari River and south to the Gold Coast,
Nigeria and British Cameroon.
Ptilopachus petrosus saturatior Bannerman

Ptilopachus petrosus saturatior Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50,
1930, p. 33. (Fifty miles northeast of Ngaundere, 3000 feet, Nigerian-
Cameroon highlands.)

Known only from the Ngaundere Plateau.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 105

Ptilopachus petrosus butleri Sclater and Praed
Ptilopachus petrosus butleri Sclater and Praed, Ibis, 1920, p.842. (Buval,
near Wau, Bahr el! Ghazal.)

Region about Lake Chad and the Gribingui River, east to southern
Kordofan and Bahr el Ghazal.

Ptilopachus petrosus brehmi Neumann
Ptilopachus fuscus brehmi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 68.
(Jebel Melpes [= Jebil Melbis], Kordofan.)

Northern Kordofan.

Ptilopachus petrosus major Neumann

Ptilopachus fuscus major Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 68.
(Arba Schiko, Eritrea.)

Ptilopachus fuscus minor Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153,
1930, p. 379, in text, lapsus. (Nomen nudum.)

Eritrea and northern Ethiopia.

Ptilopachus petrosus emini Neumann

Ptilopachys fuscus emint Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 68, Jan., 1920, p. 79.
(Fadibek, Nile Province, Uganda.)

Ptilopachus petrosus ladoensis Sclater and Praed, Ibis, Oct., 1920, p. 848.
(Mvolo, Lado Enclave.)

Eastern Bahr el Ghazal, the Lado Enclave and Nile Province of Uganda.

Ptilopachus petrosus florentiz Ogilvie-Grant

Ptilopachys florentie Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 107.
(Gessema, Kenya Colony.)

Ptilopachus fuscus keniensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, no. 20,
1911, p. 5. (Hills west of Mount Kenia.)

Kenya Colony.

GEeNus BAMBUSICOLA GovuLp

Bambusicola Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863), p. 285.
Type, by subsequent designation, Perdix thoracica Temminck.
(Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 257).

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1943-1944.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 365-367.

Bambusicola fytchii fytchii Anderson

Bambusicola fytchii Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1871, p. 214,
pl. 11. (Ponsee, 3000 ft., Yunnan.)

106 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Bambusicola oleaginia Bangs and Phillips, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 58,
1914, p. 268. (Mengtsz, Yunnan.)

Western Szechuan and Yunnan, south to the Kachin Hills, southern
Shan States and Tonkin.
Bambusicola fytchii hopkinsoni Godwin-Austen

Bambusicola hopkinsoni Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874,
p. 44. (Khasia Hills, Assam.)

Hills south of the Brahmapootra from Cachar and Sylhet to northern
Arrakan and the Chin Hills.

Bambusicola thoracica thoracica (Temminck)

Perdizx thoracica Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 335, 723. (India,
error = China.)

China from southern Shensi and Szechuan to Fokien and Kwangsi.

Bambusicola thoracica sonorivox Gould

Bambusicola sonorivor Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863),
p. 285. (Formosa.)

Island of Formosa.
Genus GALLOPERDIX Buiytu

Galloperdix Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 13, pt. 2, 1844, p. 936, note.
Type, by monotypy, P. spadiceus = Tetrao spadicea Gmelin.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 357-364; 7,
1930, p. 458-459.

Galloperdix spadicea spadicea (Gmelin)
Tetrao spadiceus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 759. (Madagas-
car, ex Sonnerat, error = India.) !
India from western Nepal south to Mysore and Madras.

Galloperdix spadicea caurina Blanford
Galloperdix spadicea var. caurina Blanford, Avif. Brit. Ind., 4, 1898,
p. 107. (Mt. Abu, in southern Rajputana.)
Confined to the Aravalli Hills in Rajputana.

Galloperdix spadicea stewarti Stuart Baker

Galloperdix spadicea stewarti Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
1919, p. 18. (Aneichardi, Travancore.)

Central and southern Travancore.

1 Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 19, designates Ootycamund,
Nilgiri Hills as the type locality, but as far back as 1831 Lesson (Traité d’Orn.
p. 504) was aware that Sonnerat’s bird did not come from Madagascar, and
gave the range of Perdix spadicea Latham (which has the same basis as
Tetrao spadiceus Gmelin) as ‘‘de Pondichéry, du Sénégal.”

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 107

Galloperdix lunulata (Valenciennes)

Perdiz lunulata Valenciennes, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 38, 1825,
p. 446. (Bengal.)

India from the Sind, Jumna and Ganges rivers south to (but not in-
cluding) the coasts of Travancore and Malabar.
Galloperdix bicalcarata (J. R. Forster)

Perdizx bicalcarata J. R. Forster, Indian Zool., 1781, p. 25, pl. 14.
(Ceylon.)

Ceylon.

Genus OPHRYSIA Bonaparte

Ophrysia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856, p. 414.

Type, by original designation and monotypy, Rollulus superciliosus
J. E. Gray.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 356-357; 7,
1930, p. 458.

Ophrysia superciliosa (J. E. Gray)

Rollulus superciliosus J. E. Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, 1, 1846, p. [8],
pl. 16. (India = Mussoorie.)

Known only from the northwestern Himalayas (Mussoorie and Naini
Tal.)

Genus ITHAGINIS Wacter

Ithaginis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1228. Type, by monotypy,
Phasianus cruentus Hardwicke and Phasianus gardneri Hardwicke.
(The former is the <’, the latter the 2 of the same bird.)

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 1, 1918, p. 3-44.

Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1947-1953.
Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 212-213.
Stuart Baker, Ibis, 1915, p. 122-128, pl. 3.

Ithaginis cruentus cruentus (Hardwicke)

Phasianus cruentus Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1,
1821, p. 237. (Mountains of Nepal.)

Ithaginis cruentus affinis Beebe, Zoologica, 1, 1912, p. 191. (British
Sikkim.)

Higher mountain ranges of Nepal, Sikkim and western Bhutan.

Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus Stuart Baker

Ithagines tibetanus Stuart-Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 18.
(Sela [or Tela] Range, 13000 ft., above Tawang [or Tavanz], eastern
Bhutan-Tibet boundary.)

Mountains of eastern Bhutan and adjacent parts of southeastern Tibet.

108 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ithaginis cruentus kuseri Beebe

Ithaginis kuseri Beebe, Zoologica, 1, 1912, p. 190. (Yunnan.)!

Mishmi and Abor Hills east to the Salween-Irrawaddy and Irrawaddy-
Shweli divides.
Ithaginis cruentus rocki Riley

Ithaginis rocki Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 9. (Hofuping
Mts., Mekong Valley, Yunnan.)

Hofuping and Li-ti-ping Mts., Mekong Valley, western Yunnan.

Ithaginis cruentus clarkei Rothschild
Ithaginis clarke Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1920, p. 67. (Likiang
Range, 12000-14000 ft., lat. 27° 20’ N; long. 100° 2’ E., Yunnan.)
Likiang Range, western Yunnan.

Ithaginis cruentus geoffroyi J. Verreaux
Ithaginis Geoffroyr J. Verreaux, Bull. Soc. d’Acclimat. (2), 4, 1867, p. 706.
(Mupin, Szechuan.)
Ithagenes wilsont Thayer and Bangs, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 40, 1912,
p. 139. (Washan, 9000 ft., western Szechuan.)
Mountains of southeastern Tibet (north of the ranges of cruentus,
tubetanus and kusert) from about long. 92° E., to western Szechuan.

Ithaginis cruentus berezowskii Bianchi
Ithaginis sinensis berezowskit Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool. St. Pétersb.,
8, 1903, p. 4, 5. (Dzju-juan and Sdtani, Sigu River, southern Kansu.)
Southern Kansu, northern Szechuan, and Shensi south of the Tsinling
Mountains.

Ithaginis cruentus sinensis David

Ithaginis sinensis David, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (5), 18, 1873, art. 5,
p. 1. (Shensi.)

From the southern foothills of the eastern Nanshans and the upper
Hwang-ho in Kansu, to Shensi north of the Tsinling Mountains.

Ithaginis cruentus michaélis Bianchi

Ithaginis sinensis michaélis Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool. St. Pétersb.,
8, 1903, p. 3, 4. (Northern spurs of the Nanshans.)

Western Kansu on the northern slopes of the Nanshans and the North
Koko-nor Barrier Range.

1 The type in the Paris Museum is labelled “‘ Yunnan’”’; a second specimen
in the same institution is marked, Tsékon (= Tsékou; sometimes spelled
Tseku or Tsz’ku), Yunnan; this locality is in the Mekong Valley in approxi-
mately lat. 28° N; long. 99° E. In view of what is now known of the distribu-
tion of kuserz it is highly probable that these birds as well as fragments of a
third specimen obtained in northwestern Yunnan by Beebe all came from the
mountains on the Salween-Irrawaddy Divide.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 109

GENuS TRAGOPAN CouviER

Tragopan Cuvier, Régne Anim., nouv. éd., 1, 1829, p. 479. Type, by
monotypy, Meleagris satyra Linné.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 1, 1918, p. 47-108.

Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1953-1958.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 247-250.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 342-351; 7,
1930, p. 456-457.
Tragopan melanocephalus (J. E. Gray)

Phasianus Melanocephaius J. E. Gray, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd., 8,
(Aves, 3), 1829, p. 29. (Almorah, India.)

Northwestern Himalayas from western Kashmir southeast to the

Bhagirathi, Garhwal.
Tragopan satyra (Linné)

Meleagris Satyra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 157. (Bengal,
ex Edwards, pl. 116. Error, the drawing on which Edward’s plate
was based was probably made from a specimen from Nepal.)

Central and eastern Himalayas from the eastern limits of melanoceph-
alus to Assam north of the Brahmapootra, east to Darrang.

Tragopan blythii molesworthi Stuart Baker

Tragopan blytht moleswortht Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35,
1914, p. 18. (Dengan La, 8000 ft., Tibet.)

Mountains of southeastern Tibet between 6000 and 12000 feet from

Bhutan to the Brahmapootra.
Tragopan blythii blythii (Jerdon)

Ceriornis Blythi Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, p. 60. (Hills at
the head of the valley of Assam, z.e., Henema, Naga Hills, Assam.)

Mountains south of the Brahmapootra from Cachar and the Naga Hills

to northwestern Burma and the Chin Hills.
Tragopan temminckii temminckii (J. E. Gray)

Satyra Temmincki J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 9,
1831, pl. 50. (No locality; the type in the British Museum is from
“China” = Szechuan apud Stuart Baker, antea, p. 350.)

Mountains of extreme southeastern Tibet and northeastern Assam,

eastward in the mountains of northern Yunnan, Szechuan, Shensi and
Hupeh.
Tragopan temminckii tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille

Tragopan temminckii tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille, Rev. d’Hist.
Nat., 2™° partie, L’Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 408. (Fan-si-pan, 2800 met.,
Chapa, Tonkin.)

Tonkin, in the mountains above 8000 feet.

110 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tragopan caboti (Gould)

Ceriornis Caboti Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 161. (China,
exact locality not known.)

Southeastern China in the mountains of Fokien and Kwangtung prov-
inces.

Genus LOPHOPHORUS Tremminck

Lophophorus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 2, 1813, p. 355. Type, by
monotypy, Lophophorus refulgens Temminck = Phasianus impejanus
Latham.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 1, 1918, p. 111-158.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1958-1962.

Lophophorus impejanus (Latham)
Phasianus impejanus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 632. (India.!)

The Himalayas, at elevations between 8000 and 15000 feet, from east-
ern Afghanistan to the Mishmi Hills.

Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon ?
Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, Ibis, 1870, p. 148. (Mishmi Hills.)

From the Abor and Mishmi hills east into the mountains of western
Yunnan and northern Burma.

Lophophorus lhuysii Geoffroy St. Hilaire
Lophophorus Lhuysii Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Bull. Soc. d’Acclimat. (2),
3, 1866, p. 223. (China, type from the mountains above Mupin,
Szechuan.)
Mountains of southeastern Koko-nor, western and northwestern Sze-
chuan.

GENUS CROSSOPTILON Hopcson

Crossoptilon Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 7, 1838, p. 864. Type, by
monotypy and tautonymy, Phasianus crossoptilon Hodgson.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 1, 1918, p. 161-198.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1962-1967.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 245-246.

Crossoptilon mantchuricum Swinhoe
Crossoptilon mantchuricum Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862
(1863), p. 287. (Vicinity of Peking.)
i Mountains of northeastern China in provinces of Shansi and western
hihli.

1 Lophophorus chambanus Sclater, Lophophorus impeyanus mantoui Oustalet
and Lophophorus impeyanus obscura Oustalet are synonyms.
2 = Chalcophasis sclatert of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 111

——— Crossoptilon auritum (Pallas)
Phasianus auritus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 86. (Interior
of China.)
Western China: Alashan Mountains and mountains of eastern Koko-nor
and western Kansu; northern Szechuan(?).

Crossoptilon crossoptilon crossoptilon ! (Hodgson)
Phasianus crossoptilon Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 7, 1838, p. 864.
(No exact type locality, but type probably from western China.)
Mountain ranges of western and central Szechuan and northwestern
Yunnan.

Crossoptilon crossoptilon drouynii * J. Verreaux
Crossoptilon Drouynit J. Verreaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 4, 1868,
Bull., p. 85, pl. 38. (Mupin, Szechuan. Probably in errore. According
to Hartert, antea, p. 1967, the type agrees with skins from southeastern
Tibet.)
Mountains of southeastern Tibet (region of the upper Yangtse and the
upper Mekong).

Crossoptilon crossoptilon harmani Elwes
Crossoptilon harmani Elwes, Ibis, 1881, p. 399, pl. 18. (150 miles east
of Lhassa, Tibet.)
Abor and Mishmi hills in southeastern Tibet and northern Assam.

GENUS GENNAEUS WacG.Ler

Gennaeus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1228. Type, by monotypy,
Phasianus nycthemerus Linné.? (Of the three species included in the
genus as originally constituted, two are “‘species inquirendae” and
as such are excluded from consideration in determining the type.)

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 3-75; 84-97.
Ghigi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Inst. Bologna, Cl. Sci. Fis. (6), 6, 1909,
p. 259-299 and pls.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1967-1969.
Stuart Baker, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, 1915, p. 658-689.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 319-334; 7,
1930, p. 452-455.

1 Replaces Crossoptilum tibetanum (Hodgs.) of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Replaces Crossoptilum leucurum Seeb. of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

3 There is so much speculation as to whether many of the names given to
birds of this genus represent valid forms, wild hybrids or individual variants,
that a complete principal synonymy of specific names is given. So far as the
Indian races are concerned I have followed Stuart Baker’s treatment as being
the soundest of any yet proposed.

112 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Gennaeus leucomelanos hamiltonii (J. E. Gray)

Phasianus Hamiltonii J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves,
3), 1829, p. 27. (India; the type probably came from Nepal, fide
N. B. Kinnear, in litt.)

Phasianus albocristatus Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-
1831 (1831), p. 9. (Himalayas, restricted type locality, Simla-Almora
district, apud Ticehurst and Whistler.)

The Himalayas from the Indus River on the west to the Gogra River

in western Nepal.

Gennaeus leucomelanos leucomelanos (Latham)
Phasianus leucomelanos Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 633. (India,
restricted type locality, Nepal, apud Stuart Baker, antea, p. 322.)
Nepal from the Gogra to the Arun River.

Gennaeus leucomelanos melanotus (Hutton)
Euplocomus melanotus ‘‘Blyth” Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 17,
pt. 2, 1848, p. 694, in text. (Darjeeling.)
Phasianus muthura auct., not of J. E. Gray.
From the Arun River in eastern Nepal east to the Monas River in
western Bhutan.

Gennaeus horsfieldii horsfieldii (G. R. Gray) !
?Phasianus Lathami J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves,
3), 1829, p. 26. (Sylhet.)
Gallophasis Horsfieldii G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1845, p. [498], col. pl.
127. (No locality.) The plate is lettered Huplocomus Horsfieldit.
Gennzus obscurus Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 14, Oct., 1904,
p. 283. (Katha district, Upper Burma.) Also described as a new
species in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 16, Dec., 1904, p. 112.
Gennzxus prendergasti Oates, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1906,
p. 10. (Northern Arrakan.)
Gennzus batemani Oates, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1906,
p. 11. (Katha, Myitkyina and Bhamo districts, Burma.)
Gennzus mearsi Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 5, 1910, p. 164.
(Assam, Burma and Tipperah, type from Manya, Upper Burma.)
Eastern Bhutan and all Assam east to the Irrawaddy, south into Arra-
kan to Akyab.

1 It would be perhaps more logical to treat horsfieldiz and lineatus, together
with their respective subspecies, all as geographic races of nycthemerus. Cer-
tainly all are representative forms, but the occurrence of specimens at the
borders of their most northeastern ranges that partake of the nature of inter-
specific hybrids rather than simple intermediates is an obstacle to such a
course.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 113

Gennaeus horsfieldii williamsi Oates

Gennaeus williamst Oates, Man. Game Bds. India, pt. 1, 1898, p. 342.
(Kalewa, Chin Hills, Upper Burma.)

Gennexus turneri Finn, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 69, pt. 2, 1900, p. 461.
(12 miles from Kalewa on the road to Minza, 600-800 ft., lat. 23° N.,
long. 94° 30’ E., Upper Burma.)

Gennzeus macdonaldi Oates, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1906,
p. 10. (Chin Hills and eastern slopes of Burma from Mt. Victoria
and Fort White.)

Genneus macdonaldi ommaneyt “Oates,” Stuart Baker, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 28, 1915, p. 675. (Listed by Baker as having been
described in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1906, p. 10, but
the name does not appear there; Beebe (p. 97), gives ommansyi
(sic) as “‘listed in Oates collection.’’)

Hills of Upper Burma between the Manipur, Yaw, Oyu and Irrawaddy

rivers, north to Homalin and Tammu and south to about lat. 20°.

Gennaeus lineatus oatesi Ogilvie-Grant
Gennezus oatest Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 306.
(Near Prome, lat. 19° N., southeastern Arrakan Hills.)
Arrakan Yomas from about lat. 20° 31’ N., to the extreme south, east
to the Irrawaddy.

~~~ Gennaeus lineatus lineatus (Vigors)
Phasianus lineatus Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1, 1830-
1831 (Feb. 1831), p. 24. (Straits of Malacca, error.)
?Phasianus Reynaudii Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, Apr., 1831, p. 495.
(Pegu.)

Hills of Burma lying chiefly between the Irrawaddy and the Sittang from
lat. 21° southward, but apparently extending eastward in the northern
part of its range to Kong Tung in the southern Shan States, and south-
ward in the southern part to Moulmein.

Gennaeus lineatus sharpei Oates
Gennaeus sharpet Oates, Man. Game Bds. India, pt. 1, 1898, p. 357.
(Dargwin, Salween River.)
East-central Burma, southern Shan States and Siam.

Gennaeus lineatus lewisi Delacour and Jabouille
Gennzus lewisi Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1928,
p- 125. (Bokor, 800 and 1000 met., southern Cambodia.) Figured
in color, Ibis, 1929, pl. 5.
Bokor Plateau, Cambodia.

114 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Gennaeus nycthemerus rufipes Oates

Gennaeus rufipes Oates, Man. Game Bds. India, pt. 1, 1898, p. 362.
(Mogok, Ruby Mines district, northeastern Burma.)

Gennzus assimilis Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 14, Oct., 1904,
p. 286. (Ruby Mines district, Burma.) Also described as a new sub-
species in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 16, Dec., 1904, p. 114.

Gennzus atlayi Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 5, 1910, p. 162.
(Ruby Mines district, Burma.)

Gennzus granti Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 5, 1910, p. 163.
(Puntun, 8 miles east of Sadon, 6000-7000 ft., Myitkyina district,
Burma.)

Gennzus elegans. This name applied to eight specimens, chiefly from
the Ruby Mines district, in the Oates collection, by Stuart Baker,
antea, 1915, p. 684; Beebe also cites the name elegans as ‘‘listed in
the Oates collection.’ In neither case was the name accompanied by
a description or diagnosis, and I cannot find that the name was ever
published by Oates.

Hills of extreme southwestern Yunnan and the Shan States lying

between the Irrawaddy and the Salween, north to lat. 27° and south to
lattice

Gennaeus nycthemerus ripponi Sharpe

Gennzus rippont Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 18, 1902, p. 29. (Southern
Shan Hills, type from Mawkmai.)
Gennzus jonesi Oates, Ibis, 1903, p. 97. (Twenty miles east of Keng-
tung in lat. 21°30’ N., and long. 99° 45’ E., South Shan States.)
Occupies the region between lat. 27° and lat. 20° N., east of the Sal-
ween, occurring over southern Yunnan, western Tonkin and northern
Laos.

~Gennaeus nycthemerus nycthemerus (Linné)

Phasianus nycthemerus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159.
(China.)

Nycthemerus argentatus Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 341. (China,
ex Daubenton, PI. enl. no. 123.)

Mountains of southern China (in provinces of Chekiang, Fokien,
Kwangsi and Kwangtung) and eastern Tonkin.

Gennaeus nycthemerus annamensis Ogilvie-Grant

Gennzus annamensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1906, p. 13.
(Bali region,! interior of Annam.)

1 J have been quite unable to locate the “Bali” region in Annam. The
description of berliozi is practically identical with the description of annamen-
sis, and since the authors in describing berliozi compared only with belz and
made no mention at all of annamensis, I am forced to the conclusion that they
overlooked the latter name.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 115

Gennaeus nycthemerus berliozi Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, 1928, p. 127. (Quangtri, 700 met., central Annam.)

Hills of central Annam from Donghoi to Quangtri.

Gennaeus nycthemerus beli Oustalet

Gennxus Belt Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 4, 1898, p. 258.
(‘‘Between Hué and the mountain range extending north and south.”)

Hills of central Annam between Hué and Tourane.

Gennaeus nycthemerus whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant
Gennaeus whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1899, p. 586. (Five Finger
Mountain, Hainan.)
Mountains of Hainan.

The following names are believed to apply to hybrids.

Lophophorus Cuviert Temminek, PI. col., livr. 1, 1822, pl. 1. (“Continent
de |’ Inde.’’)

Phasianus Crawfurdu J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves,
3), 1829, p. 27. ({Ruins of] Ava [near Mandalay, Burma].)

Phastanus fasciatus M’Clelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., 2, 1842,
p. 146, pl. 3. (Arrakan.)

Euplocamus andersoni Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 137.
(Chinese frontier of Burma.)

Gennzus nisbetti Oates, Ibis, 1903, p. 99. (Kachin Hills, 2500 ft., 5 miles
east of Sadon.)

Gennzus Cliffordi Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 14, Oct., 1904,
p. 284. (Myitkyina district, east of the Irrawaddy.) Also described
as a new species in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soe., 16, Dec., 1904,
p. 113.

Gennzus haringtoni Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 5, 1910, p. 162.
(Nilum Kha, Bhamo district, Burma.)

Gennaeus wickhami Oates, Man. Game Bds. India, pt. 2, 1899, p. 495.
(Minkon, south of Falam, Chin Hills.)

Gennzus davisoni Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 304.
(Kachin Hills.)

Gennzus affinis Oates, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 11, 1903, p. 231.
(Namli River, 2000 ft., east of Myitkyina.)

Genus HIEROPHASIS E..iot

Hierophasis Elliot, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1872, text to pl. 25. Type,
by monotypy, Huplocamus swinhowi Gould.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 76-83.

116 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hierophasis swinhoii (Gould)
Euplocamus swinhott Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863),
p. 284. (Formosa.)
Hierophasis dissimilis Ghigi, Riv. Ital. Orn. (1), 3, 1915, p. 171. (Name
for a new form of mutation of H. swinhoit.)

Mountains of the Island of Formosa.

Hierophasis imperialis Delacour and Jabouille
Hierophasis imperialis Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
1924, p. 29. (Donghoi, Annam.)

Known only from the type locality.

Hierophasis edwardsi (Oustalet)
Gennzxus Edwardsi Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 2, 1896, p. 316.
(Quangtri, Annam.)
Northern Quangtri and Col des Nuages in central Annam.

GrEeNus HOUPPIFER Gurrin-MENEVILLE !

Houppifer Guérin-Méneville, Icon. Régne Anim., 1829-1844 (1844),
Ois., p. 26. Type, by subsequent designation, Houppifer diardi
Guérin-Méneville = Phasianus erythrophthalmus Raffles. (Ogilvie-
Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 283.)

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 101-112.

~ Houppifer erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Raffles)
Phasianus erythrophthalmus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt.
2, 1822, p. 8321. (Sumatra.)
Lowlands of the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and of the north-
eastern coast of Sumatra.

Houppifer erythrophthalmus pyronotus (G. R. Gray)

Euplocomus erythrothalmus (sic) J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke’s,
Iilustr. Ind. Zool., 2, pt. 13-14, 1834, pl. 38, f. 1. Not Phasianus
erythrophthalmus Raffles. (No locality, but the plate represents the
Bornean form.)

Alectrophasis pyronotus G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 78.
New name for Huplocomus erythrothalmus J. E. Gray, not Phasi-
anus erythrophthalmus Raffles (Borneo).

Lowlands of the Sarawak district, Borneo.

1 Not considered preoccupied by Houppifera Agassiz 1842. Replaces
Acomus Reichenbach 1853.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 117

~ Houppifer inornatus (Salvadori)
Acomus inornatus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879, p. 250.
(Mt. Singalan, Sumatra). Col. pl. of #, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1879, pl. 48; of 9, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 7, pt. 2, 1918, pl. 4.
Sumatra.

Pp) {
AUD J< ‘
Coad erverS. Chasen NSuwmarra

GreNus LOPHURA FLEMING

Lophura Fleming, Philos. Zool., 2, 1822, p. 230. Type, by monotypy,
Phasianus ignitus [Shaw].

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 122-142.
Kloss, Treubia, 13, 1931, p. 304-305.

~~~ Lophura rufa (Raffles)
Phasianus rufus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 2, 1822,
p. 321. (Sumatra, type from either Benkoelen or Padang.)
Lowlands of the Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim and
Peninsular Siam southward; Sumatra, except southern part.

———~ Lophura ignita sumatrana (Dubois)

Euplocamus sumatranus Dubois, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg. (2), 47,
1879, p. 825. (Sumatra, type from Pelambang.)

Lophura sumatrana albipennis Ghigi, Rev. d’Hist. Nat., 2me. partie,
L’Oiseau, 7, 1926, p. 51. (No type locality.) ?

Lophura sumatrana delacouri Ghigi, Rev. d’Hist. Nat., 2me. partie,
L’Oiseau, 7, 1926, p. 51. (No type locality.)!

Southern Sumatra.

~~ Lophura ignita ignita (Shaw)
Phasianus ignitus Shaw, Nat. Mise., 9, 1797, text to pl. 321. (Java,
error = Borneo.)?
Borneo.

Genus DIARDIGALLUS Bonaparte

Diardigallus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 414,
415. Type, by monotypy, Huplocomus diardi Bonaparte.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 117-121.

——Diardigallus diardi (Bonaparte)
Euplocomus diardi “‘Temm.” Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
43, 1856, p. 415. (No locality given = Cochinchina.)

1 Kloss, antea, considers these to be hybrids, the former with rufa characters
predominating, the latter with swmatrana features dominant.
2 Kuplocamus nobilis P. L. Sclater, is a synonym.

118 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Diardigallus prelatus Bonaparte, loc. cit. (Substitute name for the
foregoing.)
Shan States and Laos, south over Siam, Annam and Cochinchina.

GrENus LOBIOPHASIS SHarpe

Lobiophasis Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 14, 1874, p. 373.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Lobiophasis bulweri
Sharpe.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 145-165.

Lobiophasis bulweri Sharpe
Lobiophasis Bulwerit Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 14, 1874,
p. 373. (Mountains of Lanos [7.e. Lawas], northern Borneo.)
Borneo.

GrEnus GALLUS Brisson

Gallus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 26, 166. Type, by tautonymy, ‘‘Gallus”
= Phasianus gallus Linné.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1921, p. 169-269.
Delacour, Rev. Hist. Nat., 2me partie, L’Oiseau, 10, 1929, p. 222-225.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 294-302.

Gallus gallus murghi Robinson and Kloss
Gallus ferrugineus murght Robinson and Kloss, Records Indian Mus.,
19, 1920, p. 14, 15. (Chirala, Gya District, Bihar.)
Kashmir to eastern Assam, south to the Godavery River in central India
and to southern Assam.

Gallus gallus gallus (Linné)

Phasianus Gallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 158. (‘‘India
orientali, Pouli condor etc.’’ Restricted type locality, Island of Pulo
Condor, off the mouths of the Mekong.)

Gallus ferrugineus of authors, not Tetrao ferrugineus Gmelin.

Galius gallus robinsoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 206. New
name for the ‘‘Chino-Burmese-Malayan race . . . the name ferrugineus
being inadmissible.”’

Burma, Yunnan, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Laos, Annam (except north-
ern), Cambodia and adjacent islands; Sumatra; Hainan. Introduced
into the Philippines, Celebes, Lombok, Timor, Wetar and many islands
in Polynesia.

Gallus gallus jabouillei Delacour and Kinnear

Gallus gallus jabouillet Delacour and Kinnear, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49,
1928, p. 49. (Backan, northeastern Tonkin.)

Tonkin and northern Annam.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 119

~~~ Gallus gallus bankiva Temminck
Gallus Bankiva Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 2, 1813, p. 87. (Java.)
Java.

~~~ Gallus lafayetii Lesson
Gallus Lafayetii Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, 1831, p. 491. (Ceylon.)
Ceylon.

~~ Gallus sonneratii Temminck
Gallus Sonneratit Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 2, 1813, p. 246. (India.)
Western and southern India, north to Mt. Abu on the west and to the
Godavery River on the east.
Gallus varius (Shaw)

Phasianus varius Shaw, Nat. Misc., 10, 1798, pl. 353 and text. (‘‘Prob-
ably an Indian bird”’ = Java.)

Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor and Sumba.

GEeNus PUCRASIA G. R. Gray

Pucrasia G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 79. New name for
Kulophus Lesson 1836 (not of E. L. Geoffroy 1762). Type, by mono-
typy, Satyra macrolopha Lesson.!

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 3, 1922, p. 3-45.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1970-1974.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 237-243.

Pucrasia macrolopha castanea Gould

Pucrasia castanea Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 (1855), p. 99.
(Kafiristan.)

Mountain ranges of Chitral, Kafiristan and Afghanistan, adjacent to
the northwestern frontier of India.
Pucrasia macrolopha biddulphi Marshall

Pucrasia biddulphi Marshall, Ibis, 1879, p. 461. (Kashmir.)

Northern Kashmir east to Ladak.

~~ ~Pucrasia macrolopha macrolopha (Lesson)

Satyra macrolopha Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 59, 1829, p. 196.
(Bengal, error = Almorah Hills, Kumaon.)

Western Himalayas from southern Kashmir to Kumaon.

1 Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 7, 1930, p. 450, adopts Cerior-
nis Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 341, for this genus on the grounds that
the monotypic type of Ceriornis is Satyra macrolopha Lesson; but Ceriornis
macrolopha (Lesson) of Swainson = Meleagris satyra Linné, therefore Ceriornis
is a synonym of Tragopan Cuv., for which it was also proposed as a substitute
name.

120 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pucrasia macrolopha nipalensis Gould
Pucrasia Nipalensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 (1855),
p. 100. (Nepal and Bhutan = Nepal.)

Western Nepal.

Pucrasia macrolopha ! meyeri Madardsz
Pucrasia meyert Madardsz, Ibis, 1886, p. 145. (Central [probably =
southeastern] Tibet.)
Mountains of extreme southeastern Tibet and of western Yunnan east
to the Likiang Range.

Pucrasia macrolopha ruficollis David and Oustalet

Pucrasia xanthospila var. ruficollis David and Oustalet, Ois. Chine,
_ 1877, p. 408. (Shensi.)

Mountains of China in provinces of Kansu and western Shensi.

~ Pucrasia macrolopha xanthospila G. R. Gray

Pucrasia xanthospila G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 259,
pl. 20. (Mountains northwest of Pekin.)

Ourato Mountains in southeastern Mongolia and mountains of northern
Chihli.

Pucrasia macrolopha joretiana Heude

Pucrasia joretiana Heude, Ibis, 1883, p. 225. (No locality, but type from
Hoshan, Anhwei.)

Mountains in the western part of Anhwei.

Pucrasia macrolopha darwini Swinhoe
Pucrasia darwinit Swinhoe, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 552.
(Mountains of the Province of Chekiang, China.)
Pucrasia styani Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 28, 1908, p. 32.
(Ichang, Hupeh.)

Mountains near Ichang, Hupeh (also in eastern Szechuan?) and in the
mountains of eastern China in the provinces of southern Anhwei, Chekiang
and Fokien.?

1 In spite of their discontinuous distribution I consider all the forms of
Pucrasia as belonging to a single species; the variation in the shape of the
crest has been overvalued as a specific character by systematists; the differ-
ences in markings are chiefly those of degree; meyert seems to connect the
chestnut-tailed macrolopha group with the gray- and black-tailed group found
in the mountains of China.

2 Birds in the styani plumage have been recorded from the mountains of
Fokien where darwini also occurs. Beyond a doubt styanz is a phase of plum-
age of darwini in which the chestnut-red patch on the undersurface is lacking.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 121

Genus CATREUS CaBanis

Catreus Cabanis, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encyc., sect. 1, 58, 1851,
p. 221. Type, by monotypy, Phasianus wallichii Hardwicke.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1974-1976.

~~~~Catreus wallichii (Hardwicke)
Lophophorus (Phasianus) Wallichii Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 15, 1827, p. 166. (Almorah Hills.)
The Himalayas from the northwest border states and southern Kashmir
to Nepal and possibly Sikkim.

Genus PHASIANUS Linneé

Phasianus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 158. Type, by tau-
tonymy, Phasianus colchicus Linné. (Phasianus, prebinomial specific
name in synonymy.)

cf. Alphéraky and Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St.
Pétersb., 12, 1907 (1908), p. 425-462.
Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 3, 1922, p. 69-140.
Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 377-414. (Exel. soemmerringii and reevest) ;
Id., 1908, p. 570-592.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1976-1996.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 228-237.

~ Phasianus colchicus septentrionalis Lorenz

Phasianus colchicus L. subspec. septentrionalis Lorenz, Journ. f. Orn.,
36, 1888, p. 572. (North side of the Caucasus.)
North side of the Caucasus in the valleys of the Kuban, Terek and
Kuma rivers, and western coasts of the Caspian Sea from the mouths of
the Volga to the Apsheron Peninsula.

~ Phasianus colchicus colchicus Linné
Phasianus colchicus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 158. (Africa,
Asia = Rion [formerly Phasis].)
Western Transcaucasia in the valleys of the Rion and the Chorokh, and
along the eastern and southeastern coasts of the Black Sea. Introduced
into Europe, many parts of North America and into New Zealand.

Phasianus colchicus lorenzi Buturlin

Phasianus lorenzi Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 378 (in key), 386 (orig. deser.).
(Kura River and Alazan, Transcaucasia.)
Central and eastern Transcaucasia in the valleys of the Kura and Aras
rivers.

1 Hachisuka has named (Tori, 5, 1925, p. 411, col. pl. and in Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 51, Norfolk, Eng.) Phasianus colchicus mut. tenebrosus,
an aberration now not uncommon among the half-wild pheasants of mixed
blood in England. The practice of designating ‘‘mutations’”’ or other aberra-
tions by trinomial names is indefensible.

122 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phasianus colchicus talischensis Lorenz
Phasianus persicus Swz. subspec. talischensis Lorenz, Journ. f. Orn., 36,
1888, p. 571. (Lenkoran [formerly in the Khanat of Talysh].)
Lowlands bordering the southwestern and southern coasts of the
Caspian Sea from Kizil-Agatch to the Persian Province of Mazanderan.

Phasianus colchicus persicus Severtzov
Phasianus persicus Severtzov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 48, no. 3,
1875, p. 208. (South shore of the Caspian Sea.)
Extreme southwestern Transcaspia in the valleys of the Atrek and
Gurgen and their tributaries; southeastern coasts of the Caspian Sea to
Ashurada.

Phasianus colchicus komarowii Bogdanov

Phasianus komarowti Bogdanov, Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Pétersb., 30, 1886,
col. 356. (Askhabad, Russian Turkestan.)

Phasianus principalis bogdanowi Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 390. (New
name for Phasianus komarowi Zarudny, 1885, which was a nomen
nudum.)

Southern Turkestan, chiefly in the Tejend Valley, extending west

to 75 km. east of Askhabad and north to the desert of Kara Kum.

Phasianus colchicus principalis P. L. Sclater
Phasianus principalis P. L. Selater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885,
p. 322, pl. 32. (Bala Murghab, Afghanistan.)
Phasianus principalis typicus Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 389, in text.
(Nomen nudum.)
Afghan and Russian parts of the Murghab Valley and the oases of Merv,
Yelotan and Pandj-deh.

~Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas Severtzov
Phasianus chrysomelas Severtzov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 48,
no. 3, 1875, p. 207. (Lower Amu Daria, Russian Turkestan.)
Delta of the Amu Daria west to the desert of Kara Kum and north-
eastward to the shores of the Aral Sea.

Phasianus colchicus zarudnyi Buturlin
Phasianus principalis zarudnyi Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 390, new name
for Phasianus medius Zarudny, 1896, not of Milne-Edwards, 1870.
(Amu Daria from Khiva to Chardjui.)
Russian Turkestan in the valley of the middle Amu Daria.

?Phasianus colchicus gordius Alphéraky and Bianchi
Phasianus principalis gordius Alphéraky and Bianchi, Annuaire Mus.
Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 12, 1907 (1908), p. 440. (Karnas,
Buchara.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 123

Phasianus tschardjuensis Buturlin, Ibis, 1908, p. 571. (Chardjui, middle
Amu Daria, Buchara.)

Valley of the Amu Daria between Chardjui and Karnas. Perhaps not
different from zarudnyt.
?Phasianus colchicus jabae Zarudny

Phasianus jabae Zarudny, Semia Ochotnikov, 1909. (Amu Daria far
above Chardjui.)!

Phasianus non-ultimus Zarudny, Semia Ochotnikov, 1909. (Balkh,
northern Afghanistan.)!

Status and range doubtful.
Phasianus colchicus bianchii Buturlin

Phasianus chrysomelas bianchi. Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 393. (Upper
Amu Daria Valley.)

Upper Amu Daria Valley between the Hissar, Alai, Pamir and Hindu-
kush mountains.
Phasianus colchicus michailowski Zarudny
Phasianus michailowski Zarudny, Semia Ochotnikov, 1909. (Pamirs.)
Region of the Pamirs.

Phasianus colchicus zerafschanicus Tarnovski

Phasianus zerafschanicus n. sp. sive klossovskii Tarnovski, Field, 77,
1893, p. 409. (Katla Kurgan, Samarkand.)

Zerafshan valley in Buchara, north to the Zerafshan-Syr Daria divide,
south to the Hissar Mountains.
Phasianus colchicus bergii Zarudny

Phasianus mongolicus bergii Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 5, 1914, p. 277.
(Noun Kair and Uialy Islands, Aral Sea.)

Noun Kair and Uialy Islands in the Aral Sea.

~ Phasianus colchicus turcestanicus Lorenz

Phasianus mongolicus turcestanicus Lorenz, Orn. Monatsb., 4, 1896,
p. 189. (Syr Daria River, Turkestan.)
Russian Turkestan from the eastern shores of the Aral Sea up the valley
of the Syr Daria to Gulcha.

~ Phasianus colchicus mongolicus J. F. Brandt

Phasianus mongolicus J. ¥. Brandt, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb.,
Cl. Physico-Math., 3, 1844, p.51. (Regions of the Altai and
Mongolia.)

Phasianus brandti Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 20, new
name for mongolicus Brandt, not of Pallas, but mongolicus was not
employed in a nomenclatural sense by Pallas.

1 Translation, Orn. Jahrb., 1910, p. 45-47.

124 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northeastern Russian Turkestan in the provinces of Semiretchensk and
Semipalatinsk north to lat. 48°; depressions of Lakes Issyk-kul, Balkash,
Ala-kul and Zaissan, eastward into the tributaries of the Ili River.

Phasianus colchicus semitorquatus Severtzov
Phasianus semitorquatus Severtzov, Ibis, 1875, p. 491. (Kiytin, north-
east of Kuldja.)
Southern Dzungaria from the depression of the Ebi-nor east to Guchen.

Phasianus colchicus shawii Elliot
Phasianus shawit Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 403. (Yar-
kand.)
Phasianus shawi (Ell.) Subsp. nova chrysomeloides Lorenz, Orn.
Monatsb., 17, 1909, p. 171. (Kashgar Daria near Maral-Bashi.)
Chinese Turkestan from the valleys of the Kashgar Daria and Yarkand
Daria eastward to the Chotan Daria, the lower Aksu and the upper Tarim.

Phasianus colchicus tarimensis Pleske
Phasianus tarimensis, ‘‘Przevalski’’ Pleske, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1888, p. 415. (From Karashar and the Cherchen Daria to Lob-nor.)
Eastern Chinese Turkestan in the valleys of the lower Tarim, Cherchen

Daria, Lake Bagrach Kul and Lob-nor.

Phasianus colchicus viangalii Przevalski
Phasianus vlangalit Przevalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 116,
pl. 16. (Zaidam.)
Eastern Zaidam between the South Koko-nor and Burchan Budda
ranges.

Phasianus colchicus satscheuensis Pleske
Phasianus satscheuensis ‘‘Przevalski” Pleske, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St. Pétersb., n.s., 3, 1892, p. 136. (North of the Nan Shans.)
Extreme western Kansu north of the Nan Shans (Sachjov [or Sachow]
Oasis and valleys of the Dan-khe, Bulunzir and Lake Halachi).

Phasianus colchicus edzinensis Sushkin
Phasianus colchicus edzinensis Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926,
p. 35. (Lower Edzin-gol [or Hei-ho], central Gobi.)
Central Gobi in the valley of the Edzin-gol and about Sokho-nor.!

Phasianus colchicus sohokotensis Buturlin
Phasianus strauchi sohokotensis Buturlin, Ibis, 1908, p. 576. (Soho-
khoto Oasis in southern Alashan, 100 km. from the northern foot-
hills of the eastern Nan Shans.)
Known definitely only from the Soho-khoto Oasis; birds from the north-
ern foothills of the Richthofen Range may belong to this form.

1 Direct comparison between edzinensis and sohokotensis is desirable.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 125

Phasianus colchicus alaschanicus Alphéraky and Bianchi
Phasianus alaschanicus Alphéraky and Bianchi, Annuaire Mus. Zool.
Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 12, 1907 (1908), p.452. (Western foothills
of the Ala-Shans.)
Oases near the foothills of the middle Ala-Shans.

Phasianus colchicus hagenbecki Rothschild
Phasianus hagenbecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 20.
(Kobdo Valley.)
Extreme western Mongolia north of the Ektag Altai in the Kobdo
Valley.

- Phasianus colchicus pallasi Rothschild

Phasianus torquatus mongolicus ‘‘ Pallas” Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 12, 1901, p. 21.

Phasianus torquatus pallast Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903,
p. 43, new name for Phasianus torquatus mongolicus “‘ Pallas”? Roths-
child, not of Brandt. (Restricted type locality, lower Sidemi River.)

Phasianus alpherakyt Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 399. (Sungari River,
central Manchuria.)

Phasianus alpherakyi ussuriensis Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 403. (Ussuri
River and coasts of the Sea of Japan.)

Southeastern Siberia from the upper Amur and Ussuriland south of

lat. 44°, south to northern Chihli and central Manchuria.

~—— Phasianus colchicus karpowi Buturlin

Phasianus karpowt Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 3. (Te-lin,
southern Manchuria.)

Phasianus karpowi buturlini Clark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907,
p. 468. (Tsushima Island, Korean Straits.)

Phasianus torquatus quelpartis Momiyana, Tori, 5, 1926, p. 103. (U-men,
Quelpart Island.)

Northeastern Chihli, southern Manchuria and Korea; Tsushima and

Quelpart Islands.

~—~—Phasianus colchicus kiangsuensis Buturlin

Phasianus holderert kiangsuensis Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 407. (Eastern
China, error, the type probably came from near Kalgan.)

Phasianus schensinensis Buturlin, Pzovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 1905,
p. 50. (Kuku-choto [now Kweihwating, northwestern Shansi] and
Uliassutai.)

Phasianus gmelini pewzowt Alphéraky and Bianchi, Annuaire Mus.
Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 12, 1907 (1908), p. 456. (East
bend of the Hwang-ho, type from Kuku-choto.)

Western Chihli, northern Shansi, northern Shensi and adjacent parts
of southeastern Mongolia.

126 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Phasianus colchicus strauchi Przevalski

Phasianus straucht Przevalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 119,
pl. 17. (Tetung and Buhuk-gol, Kansu.)

Phasianus holderert Schalow, Journ. f. Orn., 49, 1901, p. 414. (Minchow,
southwestern Kansu.)

Phasianus berezowskyi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 20.
(Hui-Tsian, southeastern Kansu.)

Phasianus straucht chonensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31,
1912, p. 16. (Choni, Tao River, southern Kansu.)

Kansu north to the Tatung River, east to the Tai-pai-shan and Tsin-
ling Mountains in middle and southern Shensi, south into northeastern
Szechuan.

Phasianus colchicus stiehschanensis Bianchi

Phasianus siiehschanensis Bianchi, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb.
(5), 24, 1906, p. 83, 84 and 89, in Russian. (Sungpan, northern
Szechuan.)

Northwestern Szechuan south of the Minshans.

Phasianus colchicus elegans Elliot
Phasianus elegans Elliot, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 6, 1870, p. 312.
(‘‘ Province of Szechuan somewhere near its southwestern border.’’)

Mountains of southwestern Szechuan, northwestern Yunnan and
northern Shan States.

-Phasianus colchicus rothschildi La Touche

Phasianus colchicus rothschildi La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922,
p. 54. (Mountains near Mengtsz, southeastern Yunnan.)

Mountains of southeastern Yunnan and adjacent parts of northern
Tonkin.

Phasianus colchicus decollatus Swinhoe
Phasianus decollatus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 1385.
(Type from the market at Chunkingfu, Szechuan.)
West-central China in eastern Szechuan, western Hupeh, northeastern
Yunnan and Kweichow.

Phasianus colchicus hemptinnii La Touche
Phasianus colchicus hemptinnit La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
1919, p. 51. (Mopanchow, Sungtze district, south of the middle
Yangtze, Hupeh.)
Low hills of central Hupeh.

Phasianus colchicus torquatus Gmelin

Phasianus colchicus 6 torquatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 742.
(China, ex Latham. Restricted type locality, southeastern China.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 127

Phasianus holdereri gmelini Buturlin, Ibis, 1904, p. 408, new name for
Phasianus torquatus Gmelin. (Foochow.)

Eastern China from the Hwang-ho south to extreme northeastern Ton-
kin, west to the plains of Hupeh and to Honan. This form, generally
intermingled with blood of other races, has been widely introduced into
North America, Europe and New Zealand.

Phasianus colchicus takatsukasae Delacour
Phasianus colchicus takatsukase Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927,
p. 151. (Langson, Tonkin.)

Known only from the region about Langson, in eastern Tonkin.

~~~ Phasianus colchicus formosanus Elliot

Phasianus formosanus Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 406.
(Formosa.)

Island of Formosa.

Phasianus colchicus robustipes Kuroda
Phasianus versicolor robustipes Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, 1919,
p. 309. (Island of Sado, Japan.)

Sado and northwestern part of Hondo.

~~—~-Phasianus colchicus versicolor Vieillot
Phasianus versicolor Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 2, 1825, p. 23, pl. 205. (Java,
error = Japan.)

Phasianus versicolor versicolor Vieillot mut. kuro Momiyama and
- Kumagai, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1928, p. 144, pl. 2. and 3. (‘‘A cer-
tain place in northeastern Hondo.’’)

Phasianus versicolor tohkaidi Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 34, 1922;
p. 734. (Province of Ise, Hondo, Japan.)

Phasianus versicolor medaius Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 34, 1922,
p. 736. (Province of Tamba, Hondo, Japan.)

Phasianus versicolor nankaidi Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 34, 1922,
p. 737. (Province of Tosa, Island of Shikoku, Japan.)

Islands of Hondo (except northwestern part) and Shikoku, Japan.

Phasianus colchicus tanensis Kuroda
Phasianus versicolor tanensis Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, 1919, p. 310.
(Island of Tanegashima, Japan.)
Phasianus versicolor affinis Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 34, 1922, p. 165.
(Oshima Island, Seven Islands of Izu, Japan.)

Izu and Miura peninsulas of Hondo, Seven Islands of Izu, and islands
of Tanegashima and Oshima, Japan.

128 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phasianus colchicus kiusiuensis Kuroda
Phasianus versicolor kiusiuensis Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, 1919,
p. 800 (Japanese text), p. 309 (English text). (Eimura, Province of
Satsuma, Kiusiu, Japan.)
Island of Kiusiu.

Genus SYRMATICUS WacLer

Syrmaticus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1229. Type, by monotypy,
Phasianus reevesii J. EK. Gray.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, 1997-2002.
Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 3, 1922, p. 145-204.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 302-305.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 224-228.

SusBGENuUS SYRMATICUS Wac.Ler

Syrmaticus reevesii (J. E. Gray)
Phasianus Reevesit J. KE. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3),
1829, p. 25. (China.)
Hill country of north and central China: western Chihli, Shansi,
southeastern Shensi, Hupeh, western Honan, Anhwei and northern
Szechuan.

SuscENusS GRAPHEPHASIANUS ReIcHENBACH

Graphephasianus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1858), p. xxix.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Phasianus soemmeringit

Temminck.

Syrmaticus soemmerringii scintillans (Gould)
Phasianus (Graphophasianus) scintillans Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (3), 17, 1866, p. 150. (Japan = Yokohama.)
Graphophasianus soemmerringi septentrionalis Momiyama, Tori, 3, 1923,
p. 238. (Northeastern, northwestern and central Hondo.)

Island of Hondo north of about lat. 35° 10’ N.

Syrmaticus soemmerringii subrufus (Kuroda)
Phasianus semmerringi subrufus Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, 1919,
p. 311. (Oisan, Province of Suruga, Hondo, Japan.)
Pacific side of Hondo south of about lat. 35° 20’ N.

Syrmaticus soemmerringii intermedius (Kuroda)
Phasianus soemmerringi intermedius Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 31, 1919,
p. 312. (Yunoyamamura, Province of Iyo, Shikoku, Japan.)

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 129

Graphophasianus scintillans inabaénsis Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient.,
1, 1928, p. 415, note. (Near Tottori, Province of Inaba, Hondo,
Japan.)

Southwestern Hondo and the entire island of Shikoku.

~—— Syrmaticus soemmerringii soemmerringii (Temminck)
Phasianus semmerringii ! Temmincek, PI. col., livr. 82, 1830, pl. 487 0;
488 9. (Japan.)
Northern and middle parts of the island of Kiusiu.

~ Syrmaticus soemmerringii ijimae (Dresser)
Phasianus ijimez Dresser, Ibis, 1902, p. 656. (Province of Hiuga, island
of Kiusiu.)
Scutheastern part of the island of Kiusiu.

SuscEeNus CALOPHASIS E.tior

Calophasis Elliot, Monogr. Phasian., 2, 1872, pl. 13 bis. Type, by
monotypy, Phasianus elliott Swinhoe.

Syrmaticus humiae humiae (Hume)
Callophasis (sic) humix Hume, Str. Feath., 9, 1881, p. 461. (Manipur.)
Hills of northern Burma, west of the Irrawaddy.

Syrmaticus humiae burmanicus (Oates)
Calophasis burmanicus Oates, Ibis, 1898, p. 124. (Ruby Mines district
and Kalaw, Burma.)
Hills of southwestern Yunnan; northern Burma east of the Irrawaddy;
Shan States.

~ Syrmaticus ellioti (Swinhoe)
Phasianus ellioti Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 550.
(Mountains near Ningpo, Chekiang, China.)
Mountains of southeastern China in provinces of Chekiang, Fokien and
southern Anhwei.

SuspceNnus CYANOPHASIS Butur.in

Cyanophasis Buturlin, Nascha Ochota, 1908, p. 33, 35. Type, by mono-
typy, Calophasis mikado Ogilvie-Grant.

Neocalophasis Takatsukasa and Kuroda, Tori, 3, 1922, nos. 12 and 13
(not paged). Type, by original designation and monotypy, Calo-
phasis mikado Ogilvie-Grant.

1 Variously ‘‘emended”’ to soemerringi, soemmeringii, ete.

130 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)

Calophasis mikado Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 68.
(Mount Arizan, central Formosa; the “‘type” is a pair of central
rectrices.)

Mountains of the interior of Formosa.

GEeNus CHRYSOLOPHUS J. E. Gray
Chrysolophus J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zool., 2, pt. 15-16,
1834, pl. 41, f. 2. Type, by monotypy, Phasianus pictus Linné.
cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 3-35.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 2002-2005.
Chrysolophus pictus (Linné)
Phasianus pictus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 158. (China.)
Mountains of central China from southeastern Koko-nor, southern
Kansu and the Tsinling Mountains, south to Szechuan and central Hupeh.
Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater)
Phasianus Amherstiex Leadbeater, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1829,
p. 129, pl. 15. (Mountains of Cochinchina.)

Mountains of southeastern Tibet and southwestern China (provinces
of Szechuan, Kweichow and Yunnan) south to Upper Burma and the
northern Shan States.

Grenus CHALCURUS Bonaparte

Chalcurus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 878.
Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Polyplectrum inocellatus Cuvier
= Polyplectrum chalcurum Lesson. (Chalcurus is a nomen nudum in
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (4), 1, 1854, p. 146.)

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 41-52.
Chalcurus inopinatus Rothschild

Chalcurus inopinatus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903, p. 41.
(Ulu Pahang, Malay Peninsula.)
Central mountains of the Malay Peninsula in Selangor and Pahang.

Chalcurus chalcurus (Lesson)

Polyplectrum chalcurum ‘“‘Cuv.’’ Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, 1831,
p. 487. (Java = Sumatra.)
Mountains of Sumatra.

Grnus POLYPLECTRON Temminck

Polyplectron Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 2, 1813, p. 363. Type, by mono-
typy, Polyplectron chinquis Temminck = Pavo bicalcaratus Linné.
cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 55-96.
Lowe, Ibis, 1925, p. 476-484.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 131

Polyplectron bicalcaratum bakeri Lowe
Polyplectron bicalcaratum bakeri Lowe, Ibis, 1925, p. 477. (Bhutan
Doars.)

Sikkim and Bhutan to eastern Assam and south to Sylhet and Manipur.

~~~ Polyplectron bicalcaratum bicalcaratum (Linné)

Pavo bicalcaratus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 156. (China,
error, restricted type locality, Thoungyah, Burma, Lowe, antea,
p. 477.)}

Chittagong, Chin and Kachin Hills, south to northern Tenasserim and
east to Laos.

Polyplectron bicalcaratum bailyi Lowe

Polyplectron bicalcaratus (sic) bailyi Lowe, Ibis, 1925, p. 482. (Locality
unknown, type an aviary specimen.) Figured as P. germaini in
Beebe, pl. 77.

Range unknown, possibly in northern Siam.

Polyplectron bicalcaratum ghigii (Delacour and Jabouille)

Polyplectrum chinquis ghigit Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
45, 1924, p. 30. (Mailanh, Annam; Lake Babé, Tonkin.)

Tonkin and Annam.

Polyplectron bicalcaratum katsumatae Rothschild

Polyplectron katsumate Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 111.
(Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.)

Island of Hainan.

Polyplectron germaini Elliot
Polyplectron germaini Elliot, Ibis, 1866, p. 56. (Cochinchina.)
Southern Annam and Cochinchina.

~~ Polyplectron malacensis (Scopoli)

Pavo malacensis Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 93.
(Hast Indies = Malacca.)?

Southern Tenasserim and southwestern Siam over the Malay Penin-
sula; Sumatra.

Polyplectron schleiermacheri Briiggemann

Polyplectron Schleiermacheri Briiggemann, Abh. naturwiss. Ver. Bremen,
5, 1877, p. 461, pl. 9. (Southeastern Borneo.)

Borneo.

1 Replaces Polyplectron chinquis of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
2 Replaces Polyplectron bicalcaratum of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

132 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Polyplectron emphanum Temminck
Polyplectron emphanum Temminck, PI. col., livr. 88, pl. 540, May, 1831.1
(Sunda Islands or the Moluccas, error = Palawan.)

Island of Palawan.

GENUS RHEINARDIA 2 Matncounat

Rheinardia Maingounat, Science pour tous, 1882, p. 210. Type, by
monotypy, Argus ocellatus Bonaparte = Argus ocellatus Elliot.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 99-110.

Rheinardia ocellata ocellata (Elliot)
Argus ocellaius Elliot, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871, p. 119.
(No type locality)*
Mountains of Annam.

Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens (Rothschild)
Rheinardius ocellatus nigrescens Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,
1902, p. 55. (Ulu Pahang, Malay Peninsula.)

Central part of the Malay Peninsula.

Genus ARGUSIANUS RaFinesQque

Argusianus Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815, p. 219. New name for Argus
Temminck, preoccupied. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Phasi-
anus argus Linné.

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 111-157.

Argusianus argus argus (Linné)
Phasianus Argus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 272. (“‘Tartaria
Chinensi,”’ error = Sumatra.)
Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim and Siam southward;
Sumatra.

1 Polyplectrum Napoleonis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, Apr., 1831, is a
nomen nudum; the description was published in livr. 8, June, 1831, p. 650..

2 This name spelled Rheinardius is usually credited to Oustalet who pro-
posed it thus in Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), 6, 1882, p. 254, but according to Dela-
cour (Ibis, 1929, p. 203, note), Maingounat forestalled Oustalet by a few weeks.
The name has been altered accidentally or intentionally into Rheinardtius,
Rheinartius and Rheinwardtius by various authors. Neither the original
spelling of the name nor any of its variations is affected by Reinhardtia Boettg.,
1878, for a genus of Mollusca.

3 Argusanus ocellatus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
p. 878, ex Verreaux MS., is a nomen nudum.

FAMILY PHASIANIDAE 133

~—— Argusianus argus grayi (Elliot)

Argus grayi Elliot, Ibis, 1865, p. 424. (Borneo.)

Interior of Borneo.

Nore: Argus bipunctatus Wood (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871,
p. 67, upper figure) rests on a portion of a single primary, place of origin
not known. It has never been identified with either of the known forms
of A. argus.

Genus PAVO Linné

Pavo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 156. Type, by tautonymy,
Pavo cristatus Linné. (Pavo, prebinomial specific name in synonymy.)

cf. Beebe, Monogr. Phasian., 4, 1922, p. 161-200.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 282-285.

~ Pavo cristatus Linné
Pavo cristatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 156. (“‘ India orientali,
Zeylona”’ = India.)
Ail of India and Ceylon.

—~—~ Pavo muticus Linné
Pavo muticus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 268. (Japan, error =
Java.)
Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula and Java.

Famity NUMIDIDAE!
Genus PHASIDUS Cassin

Phasidus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1857, p. 322. Type, by
monotypy, Phasidus niger Cassin.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 356-357.
Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 657-660.

~~ Phasidus niger Cassin
Phasidus niger Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1857, p. 322.
(Cape Lopez, French Congo.)
African equatorial forest region from southern Cameroon south to
Landana and eastward across the Congo to the Ituri district.

Genus AGELASTES Bonaparte

Agelastes Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849 (1850), p. 145.
Type, by monotypy, Agelastes meleagrides Bonaparte.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 357-358.

1 For a general account of this family cf. Ghigi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Inst.
Bologna, Cl. Sci. Fis. (6), 7, 1909-10, p. 331-365 and pl.

134 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Agelastes meleagrides Bonaparte
Agelastes meleagrides ‘“‘Temm.”’ Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1849 (1850), p. 145. (No locality given = Gold Coast.)
Liberia and the Gold Coast.1

Genus NUMIDA Linné

Numida Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 273. Type, by monotypy,
Numida meleagris Linné = Phasianus meleagris Linné.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 346-351.
Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 671-683.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 128-136.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 95-98.

Numida meleagris sabyi Hartert
Numida sabyi Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 69. (Western
Morocco, type from near Oulmés, Azemur district.)
Western Morocco between the Bou-Regreg and the Sebou rivers.

Numida meleagris galeata Pallas
Numida galeata Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fase. 4, 1767, p. 18, 15. (No
locality.)
West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon and northward to Air; Cape
Verde Islands; Annobon. Introduced into Jamaica, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico and St. Helena.

Numida meleagris marchei Oustalet
Numida Marchei Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (6), 18, 1882, art. 2
[= art. 1, bis], p. 1. (Gaboon.)
Savannas of Gaboon to the lower and middle Congo River, east to its
confluence with the Ubangi.

Numida meleagris strasseni Reichenow
Numida strasseni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 82. (Duma,
lower Ubangi River.)
Eastern Cameroon to the middle and upper Shari and the lower Ubangi
rivers, northward into French Equatorial Africa.

Numida meleagris meleagris (Linné)
Phasianus Meleagris Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 158. (Africa
= Nubia, upper Nile, ex Hasselquist.)
Numida ptylorhyncha ‘‘Licht.’’ Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, 1831,
p. 498. (Africa.)

1 The record of its occurrence in Gaboon is erroneous, fide Bannerman,
antea, p. 357. .

FAMILY NUMIDIDAE 135

From the Lake Chad region eastward across the French and Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan to Kordofan and south to the Bahr el Ghazal, east through
Eritrea and the northern half of Ethiopia to southwestern Arabia.

~ Numida meleagris somaliensis Neumann

Numida somaliensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 25. (Somali-
land, type from near Berbera.)

Harar, Galla and Arussi districts of Ethiopia east to British and Italian

Somaliland, south to Jubaland, and the Lorian Swamp in Kenya Colony.

-Numida meleagris major Hartlaub

Numida ptilorhyncha var. major Hartlaub, Abh. naturwiss. Ver. Bre-
men, 8, 1884 (1883), p. 217. (Wakkala, in the Bari country near
Gondokoro.)

Numida ptilorhyncha neumanni Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904,
p. 97. (Kwa Mlamba, Usoga, Uganda.)

Numida ptilorhyncha baringoensis C. H. B. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
33, 1914, p. 141. (20 miles south of Lake Baringo, Kenya Colony.)

Numida ptilorhyncha var. inermis Dubois, Ann. Mus. Congo., Zool., 1,
fase. 1, 1915, p. 18, 27, text fig. (Eastern Province, Belgian Congo.)

Eastern Ubangi-Shari district, upper White Nile and southern Ethiopia

west of the Arussi-Gallaland Plateau, south to the savannas of the Uelle,
Semliki River, northern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya Colony to the
Rift Valley.

Numida meleagris toruensis Neumann
Numada ptilorhyncha toruensis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 410.
(Mokia River, Toro, Uganda.)
Upper Semliki Valley, southern base of Mount Ruwenzori and northern
shore of Lake Edward, eastward to the Toro district of Uganda.

~~ Numida meleagris intermedia Neumann

Numida marungensis intermedia Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898,
p. 21. (West shore of Lake Victoria south to Kagera.)

Ankole country in southwestern Uganda.

Numida meleagris mitrata Pallas

Numida mitrata Pallas, Spic. Zool.,1, fase. 4, 1767, p. 18, pl. 3. (Mada-
gascar.)

Coastlands of eastern Africa from southern Kenya Colony to the Zam-
besi and up the Zambesi Valley to the Rhodesian border; Madagascar,
Comoro Islands and Rodriguez.

~~~ Numida meleagris macroceras Erlanger

Numida ptilorhyncha macroceras Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904,
p. 97. (Muki River, Lake Rudolph.)

136 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Numida ptilorhyncha omoensis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 407.
(Valley of the Omo River and affluents; type from north of the Omo,
Ethiopia.)

Numida ptilorhyncha rendilis Lonnberg, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
47, 1911, no. 5, p. 47. (Between Meru and the Rendiles and about
Guaso Nyiro.)

From the Turkwel River and the southern end of Lake Rudolph south

to the northern part of the Rift Valley and the Meru district in Kenya
Colony.

~Numida meleagris reichenowi Ogilvie-Grant
Numida reichenowi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1894, p. 536, f. 1. (Makarungu,
Ukambani district, Kenya Colony.)
Numida ansorgei Hartert, in Ansorge’s Under the African Sun, 1899,
p. 331. (Lake Nakuru, Kenya Colony.)
Kenya Colony from east of Lake Victoria to Mount Kenia south to
the Kilimanjaro district in Tanganyika Territory, thence southwestward
to Singida and west to the eastern edge of the Wembere Steppes.

Numida meleagris uhehensis Reichenow
Numida marungensis Abart uhehensis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6,
1898, p. 88. (Uhehe, Tanganyika Territory.)
Probably confined to the Uhehe Plateau in south-central Tanganyika
Territory, but status not well understood.

Numida meleagris callewaerti Chapin
Numida meleagris callewaertt Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 570, 1932,
p. 1. (Luluaborg, Kasai district, Belgian Congo.)
Kasai district of the Belgian Congo westward probably to northern
Angola.

Numida meleagris marungensis Schalow
Numida coronata marungensis Schalow, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, 1884,
p. 105. (Marungu Country, southwest of Lake Tanganyika.)

Katanga district of the Belgian Congo, east to Lake Tanganyika and
the lower Ruzizi Valley, south to the Kafue River in Northern Rhodesia.

Numida meleagris maxima Neumann
Numida marungensis maxima Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 21.
(Caconda, Benguella.)
Highlands of southern Angola.

Numida meleagris rikwae Reichenow
Numida rikwae Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 40. (South
shore of Lake Rukwa.)
Numida frommi Kothe, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 13. (Uanda, on
Lake Rukwa.)

FAMILY NUMIDIDAE 137

Southwestern Tanganyika Territory from Lake Tanganyika to Lake
Rukwa.

Numida meleagris papillosa Reichenow

Numida papillosa Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 145. (Kala-
hari Desert, south of Ngami.)

Southern Angola to Lake Ngami.

Numida meleagris damarensis Roberts

Numida papillosa damarensis Roberts, Ann. Transy. Mus., 6, 1917, p. 2.
(Windhuk, South-West African Protectorate.)

South-West African Protectorate.

?Numida meleagris limpopoensis Roberts

Numida papillosa limpopoensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924,
p. 77. (Low country east of Pietersburg, Transvaal.)

Low country east of Pietersburg, northeastern Transvaal. Doubtfully
distinct from coronata.

~~~ Numida meleagris coronata Gurney
Numida coronata Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 253. (South Africa, ex Gray,
List Bds. Brit. Mus., pt. 3, Gallinae, 1844, p. 29.)
Numida transvaalensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 26.
(Rustenburg, Transvaal.)
Transvaal and Natal south to the eastern half of Cape Province.

GENUS GUTTERA WaGLER

Guttera Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1225. Type, by monotypy,
Numida cristata Pallas 1767 = Meleagris cristata Pallas 1764, not of
Linné 1758 = Guttera pallasi Stone.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 351-356.
Chapin, Rev. Zool. Afr., 11, 1923, p. 71-77.
Id., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1932, p. 660-671.
Ghigi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Inst. Bologna (6), 2, 1905, p. 189-197
and pl.

~~~ Guttera plumifera plumifera (Cassin)

Numida plumifera Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, 1857, p. 321.
(Cape Lopez, French Congo.)

Cameroon, Gaboon, Loango Coast.

Guttera plumifera schubotzi Reichenow

Guttera plumifera schubotzi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 60, 1912, p. 320.
(Koloka, Uelle River.)
Northern Belgian Congo from the Ubangi eastward to the Semliki.

138 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Guttera edouardi pallasi Stone
Guttera pallasi Stone, Auk, 29, 1912, p. 208. New name for Meleagris
cristata Pallas 1764, not of Linné 1758. (East Indies = West Africa.)

West Africa from Portuguese Guinea to Togoland.

Guttera edouardi sclateri Reichenow
Guttera sclatert Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 115. (EHdea,
Cameroon.)
Western Cameroon (Sakbayeme, Edea on the Sanaga River, and ad-
jacent localities.)

Guttera edouardi schoutedeni Chapin
Guttera edouardi schoutedent Chapin, Rev. Zool. Afr., 11, 1923, p. 73,
f.1,f.2A. (Kwamouth, Belgian Congo.)
Southern Belgian Congo, south of the equatorial forest, through the
Kasai Valley.

?Guttera edouardi chapini Frade
Guttera edouardi chapini Frade, Bul. Soc. Port. Sci. Nat. Lisbonne, 9,
1926, p. 139. (Benguella.)
Southern Angola.

Guttera edouardi seth-smithi Neumann
Guttera cristata seth-smithi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, 1908,
p. 13. (Budongo Forest, Unyoro.)
Africa north and east of the equatorial forest from the Ubangi River
east to the Rift Valley, south to the Semliki Valley, and extending into
Tanganyika Territory south to the Pangani River.

Guttera edouardi suahelica Neumann
?Numida granti Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 584. (Ugogo.)
Guttera cristata suahelica Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 28, 1908, p. 14.
(Lindi, Tanganyika Territory.)
Tanganyika Territory from Ugogo to Lindi.

Guttera edouardi barbata Ghigi
Guttera barbata Ghigi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Inst. Bologna (6), 2, 1905,
p. 194, 196, f. 4 of pl. (Madagascar! Error = ??)
Guttera: cristata makondorum Grote, Journ. f. Orn., 60, 1912, p. 514.
(Mikandani, Tanganyika Territory.)
Extreme southwestern Tanganyika Territory and perhaps the adjacent
parts of Portuguese East Africa.

1 Chapin, antea, 1923, p. 75 uses barbata for the race inhabiting extreme
southeastern Tanganyika Territory and suggests that the type may have come
from Mozambique. Prof. Neumann (in litt.) informs me that he has examined
Ghigi’s type and finds it identical with makondorum.

FAMILY NUMIDIDAE 139

——~—~ Guttera edouardi edouardi (Hartlaub)

Numida Edouardi “J. Verr.’”’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 15, 1867, p. 36.
(Coast of Natal.)

Guttera lividicollis Ghigi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Inst. Bologna (6), 2,
1905, p. 195, 196, f. 3 of pl. (Zambesi region.)

Guttera edouardi symonst Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 6, 1917, p. 3.
(Karkloof, 3500 ft., Natal.)

?Guttera bocagei Frade, Bul. Soc. Port. Sci. Nat. Lisbonne, 9, 1926, p. 139.
(No type locality.)

From southern Nyasaland and the Zambesi Valley from the Victoria

Falls, south through eastern Transvaal to Natal.

~——— Guttera pucherani (Hartlaub)
Numida Pucherani Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 341. (Zanzi-
bar.)
Coastal region of East Africa (inland to Kenya and Kilimanjaro) from
the Juba River, Italian Somaliland, south to the Pangani River in Tan-
ganyika Territory; Zanzibar Island.!

Genus ACRYLLIUM G. R. Gray

Acryllium G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 61. Type, by original
designation, Numida vulturina Hardwicke.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893, p. 385-386.

Acryllium vulturinum (Hardwicke)

Numida vulturina Hardwicke, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1834, p. 52.
(West Africa, error = Tsavo, Kenya Colony, proposed by Friedmann,
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 136.)

Semiarid region of tropical eastern Africa from eastern Uganda, south-

ern Gallaland, and southern Somaliland south through eastern Kenya
Colony to the Pangani River in Tanganyika Territory.

Famity MELEAGRIDIDAE

Grenus MELEAGRIS LINNE

Meleagris Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 156. Type, by taut-
onymy, Meleagris gallopavo Linné (Meleagris, prebinomuial specific
name in synonymy.)

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 284-285.
A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 92.

1 Pucherani will probably eventually prove to be a member of the edowardz
group, but differs so sharply from the forms on the west and south that it is
better kept distinct.

140 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot }
Meleagris silvestris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 9, 1817, p. 447.
(Country of the Illinois to Panama = Pennsylvania, ex Bartram.)
Eastern Texas and western Oklahoma to southeastern Missouri, eastern
Kentucky and central Pennsylvania, south to the Gulf Coast and northern
Florida. Formerly extending west and north to Nebraska, Kansas, South
Dakota, southwestern Ontario and southern Maine.

Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scott
Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scott, Auk, 7, 1890, p. 376. (Tarpon Springs,
Florida.)

Florida Peninsula from Gainesville southward.

Meleagris gallopavo intermedia Sennett
Meleagris gallopavo var. intermedia Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr.
Surv. Terr., 5, 1879, p. 428. (Lomita Ranch, Texas.)
Middle northern Texas south to northeastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon,
and Tamaulipas.

Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson
Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 120. (47 miles
southwest of Winslow, Arizona.)
Mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado and western
Texas, south to northern Sonora and Chihuahua.

Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo Linné
Meleagris Gallopavo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 156. (North
America = Mexico.)
Temperate parts of the Mexican table-land from southern Chihuahua
to Colima; eastward extent not known. The occurrence of this form on
the eastern slopes of the cordillera in Vera Cruz has never been proved.?

Genus AGRIOCHARIS CHAPMAN

Agriocharis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8, 1896, p. 287, 288.
Type, by monotypy, Meleagris ocellata Temminck = M. ocellata
Cuvier.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 285-286.

1 While my personal inclination is to use M. gallopavo Linné for the bird
of the eastern United States and M. mexicana Gould for the Mexican Wild
Turkey, I think that it is best to follow the stand taken by Coues (Auk, 14,
1897, p. 272-275), which has been universally adopted by ornithologists.

2 Cf. Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 122-123.

FAMILY MELEAGRIDIDAE 141

Agriocharis ocellata (Cuvier)

Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat., 6, 1820, p. 1, 4, pl. 1.
(Gulf of Honduras.)

Yucatan Peninsula and adjacent parts of Guatemala and British
Honduras.

SuBORDER OPISTHOCOMI

Famity OPISTHOCOMIDAE
GENUS OPISTHOCOMUS IL.icer

Opisthocomus “‘ Hoffmannsegg”’ Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 239. Type,
by monotypy, Phasianus cristatus ‘‘LinGmel” = Phasianus hoazin
P. L.S. Miiller.

cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1898, p. 523-525.
Shufeldt, Journ. Morph., 31, 1918, p. 599-606, 4 pl.

~ Opisthocomus hoazin (P. L. S. Miiller)

Phasianus Hoazin P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 125.
(America = Cayenne, ex Buffon and Pl. enlum., pl. 337.)

Amazonian forest region from eastern Colombia, the Orinoco Valley
and the Guianas south through eastern Ecuador and northern Brazil to
the sources of the Rio Madeira and Rio Araguaya.

ORDER GRUIFORMES
SuBORDER MESOENATIDES

Famity MESOENATIDAE
GENus MESOENAS ReEIcHENBACH

Mesoenas Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., Columbariae, 1851 (1862), p. 6,
pl. 177, fig. 1538. New name for Mesites Geoffroy, April, 1838, not
of Schénherr, before Feb., 1838. Type, by monotypy, Mesites varie-
gata Geoffroy.

cf. Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924, p. 1131-1152.
Lavauden, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 395-398.
Delacour, Rev. d’Hist. Nat., 2me partie, L’Oiseau, 2, 1932, p. 30-31.

~~ ~Mesoenas variegata (Geoffroy)

Mesites variegata Geoffroy, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 6, 1838,
p. 444. (Madagascar.)

Forest region of eastern Madagascar south to about lat. 18° S.

142 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mesoenas unicolor (Des Murs)
Mesites unicolor Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 176 bis. (Madagascar.)
Apparently confined to the Sianaka Forest region of eastern Madagascar.

Genus MONIAS OvustTAaLet AND GRANDIDIER

Monias Oustalet and Grandidier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 9, 1903,
p. 11, 12. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Monias
benschi Oustalet and Grandidier.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 373-374, col. pl. 1.

Lavauden, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 8398-400.

Monias benschi Oustalet and Grandidier

Monias Benschi Oustalet and Grandidier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
9, 1903, p. 11. (Vorondreo, 25 km. east of Tuléar, Madagascar.)

Southwestern Madagascar.

SUBORDER TURNICES

Famity TURNICIDAE
GEeNus TURNIX BoNNATERRE

Turnix Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1791, p. Ixxxii, 5.
Type, by subsequent designation, J'etrao gibraltaricus Gmelin =
Tetrao sylvaticus Desfontaines. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63.)

Austroturnix Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by
original designation, Turnix castanotus (Gould) = Hemipodius casta-
notus Gould.

Alphaturnia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 112. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Hemipodius velox Gould.

Colcloughia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 112. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Hemipodius melanogaster Gould.

Marianornis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 128. Type, by
original designation, Perdix varia Latham.

ef. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 303-309.
Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 1, 1931, p. 162-168.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1854-1857.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 44-46.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 77-95.
Mathews, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p. 230-239.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 18-23.
Robinson and Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1928, p. 58-63.
Stresemann, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15, 1930, p. 644-645.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 441-457.
Stuart Baker, Man. Game Bds. India, Burma and Ceylon, 3, 1930,
p. 3-52.

FAMILY TURNICIDAE 143

Turnix sylvatica sylvatica (Desfontaines)
Tetrao sylvaticus Desfontaines, Mém. Acad. R. Sci. Paris, 1787, p. 500,
pl. 12. (Near Algiers.)
Southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, northern Morocco, Algeria and
Tunisia.

~———— Turnix sylvatica lepurana (A. Smith)
Ortygis Lepurana A. Smith, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr., 1836, p.55. (North
of Kurrichane, western Transvaal.)
Turn sylvatica allent Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, 1911, no. 20,
p. 5. (Plains of Guaso Nyiro, Kenya Colony.)
Africa from Senegal east to the Egyptian Sudan, south to the mouth of
the Congo, Namaqualand and eastern Cape Province; Aden Protectorate;
absent from the forested areas.

~~~ Turnix sylvatica dussumier (Temminck)
Hemipodius Dussumier Temminck, PI. col., livr. 76, 1828, pl. 454, f. 2.
(Bengal.)
India from the Himalayas south to Travancore; Assam, Burma, and
the Shan States.

Turnix sylvatica mikado Hachisuka
Turmz sylvatica mikado Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 1, 1931, p. 167,
note. (Tokow, Formosa.)
Southern China, Siam, Tonkin, Formosa and Hainan(?).

Turnix sylvatica davidi Delacour and Jabouille
Turniz sylvatica davidi Delacour and Jabouille, Rev. d’ Hist. Nat., 2me
partie, L’Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 407. (Honquan, Cochinchina.)
Cochinchina.

——~Turnix sylvatica bartelsorum Neumann
Turniz sylvatica bartelsorum Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 37, 1929, p. 117.
(Cheribon, Java.)

Java.
——-Turnix sylvatica whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant
Turnix whitehead: Ogilvie-Grant, Handb. Game Bds., 2, 1897, p. 276.

(Vicinity of Manila; type from the Quinta Market in Manila. Sup-
posed to have been captured at Parafiaque, 7 km. distant.)

Island of Luzon.
Turnix sylvatica celestinoi McGregor

Turn celestinot McGregor, Phil. Journ. Sci., 2, sect. A, 1907, p. 292,
317. (Guindulman, Bohol, Philippine Islands.)

Known only from the type.

144 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

?Turnix sylvatica masaaki Hachisuka
Turniz sylvatica masaakt Hachisuka, Ois. et Rev. Fran. d’Orn., 1 (n.s.),
1931, p. 472. (Gogong, Cotobato Province, Mindanao, P. I.)
Known only from the unique type. (Description only; characters which
separate it from the other Philippine races not pointed out.)

Turnix sylvatica suluensis Mearns
Turniz suluensis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 83.
(Jolo, Island of Sulu, Sulu Archipelago.)
Known only from the type.

Turnix sylvatica beccarii Salvadori
Turnix beccarit Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 675.
(Kandari, Celebes.)
Celebes and the Tukang Besi Islands.

Turnix sylvatica maculosa (Temminck)
Hemipodius maculosus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 631, 757.
(“New Holland” = Timor.)!
Turnix maculosa yorki Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 53. (North
Queensland.)
Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, Alor, Savu, Timor,
Wetar, Moa, Babar), Kei Islands, south coast of New Guinea, islands in
Torres Strait, Australia except northwestern part.?

Turnix sylvatica everetti Hartert
Turnix everettt Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 476. (Waingapo, Sumba
Island.)
Sumba Island.

Turnix sylvatica saturata Forbes
Turniz saturata Forbes, Ibis, 1882, p. 428, pl. 12. (New Britain.)
New Britain, and Duke of York Island.

?Turnix sylvatica horsbrughi Ingram
Turnizx horsbrughi Ingram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 28, 1909, p. 65. (Yule
Island, British New Guinea.)
Known only from the type; probably not different from maculosa.

1 The type specimen of Hemipodius maculosus Temminck also served as
the type of Turniz maculatus Vieillot. Cf. Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 94-
95

2 Rensch (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 475-476) regards Australia
as the terra typica of maculosa and sets up T'urnix rufescens Wallace as the name
of the bird of the Lesser Sunda Islands. He also believes that the Hemipodes
of these islands, Celebes, New Guinea and Australia should be regarded as
belonging to a species distinct from sylvatica, for which maculosa is the earliest
name.

FAMILY TURNICIDAE 145

Turnix sylvatica pseutes Mathews
Turniz maculosa pseutes Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 180. (North-
West Australia, type from Parry’s Creek, East Kimberly.)
North West Australia.

Turnix worcesteri McGregor
Turmix worcesteri McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., no. 4, 1904, p. 8, pl. 1,
f. 1. (Quinta Market, Manila, type probably from Parafiaque,
Luzon.)
Known only from four specimens purchased in the Quinta Market,
Manila.!

Turnix nana nana (Sundevall)
Hemipodius nanus Sundevall, Gifv. Vet.-Akad., Férhandl. for 1850,
1851, p. 110. (‘‘Caffraria inferiore,” types from Durban, Natal.)
Gold Coast Colony, Sierra Leone, Ruwenzori region, Uganda, northern
Angola and southeastern Africa from Nyasaland to southeastern Cape
Province.

Turnix nana luciana Stoneham
Turmzx nana luciana Stoneham, Bateleur, 3, 1931, p. 79. (Trans-Nzoia,
Kenya Colony.)
Trans-Nzola district of Kenya Colony.

————<Turnix hottentotta Temminck
Turniz hottentottus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 636, Hemipodius
hottentottus on p. 757. (Cape of Good Hope.)
Southwestern part of Cape Province.

———- Turnix tanki blanfordii Blyth
Turnix Blanfordi Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 32, 1863, p. 80.
(Burma and Arrakan, type from Thayetmyo.)?
Southern Ussuriland and Manchuria south over eastern and southern
China to Assam, Burma, Siam and Cochinchina.

Turnix tanki tanki Blyth
Turnix tanki Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 180*. No
locality = Bengal, based on drawing by Buchanan Hamilton.

Practically all of India from the Punjab to the Assam Valley and south
to Travancore; Nicobar and Andaman Islands.

1 Whether this represents a distinct species, or unusually heavy-billed speci-
mens of whtteheadi is not certain. A comparison with the type of everetti from
Sumba Island, likewise a heavy-billed bird, should prove of interest.

? Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 453, sets up Turniz
maculatus Vieillot as the name of this bird, giving Assam as the type locality,
but Hellmayr has already shown, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 94-96, that Vieillot’s
type came from Timor and is a synonym of Hemipodius maculosus Temminck.

3 Turniz albiventris Hume is not distinguishable, fide Stuart Baker, Game
Bds. India etc., 3, 1930, p. 40-42.

146 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_ Turnix suscitator plumbipes (Hodgson)

Coturnix plumbipes ‘‘ Parbattiah”” = Hodgson, Bengal Sport. Mag., 9,
1837, p. 346. (Nepal.)

Nepal, Sikkim and Assam, south to Behar, northern Arrakan and the
Chittagong hill tracts.

Turnix suscitator bengalensis Blyth

Turniz bengalensis Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc., 1849 (1852), p. 256,
in text. (Lower Bengal.)

Turniz suscitator isabellinus Robinson and Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 48, 1928, p. 62. (Calcutta.)

Region about Calcutta (24 Parganas, Hooghly, Nadia).

Turnix suscitator taigoor (Sykes)

Hemipodius Taigoor Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832,
p. 155. (Deccan.)

All of India south of the ranges of plumbipes and bengalensis.

Turnix suscitator leggei Stuart Baker

Turnix javanica legget Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1920,
p. 9. (Cocowatta, Ceylon.)

Ceylon.

Turnix suscitator blakistoni (Swinhoe)

Areoturnix blakistont Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 401.
(Canton, China.)

China from southern Yunnan east to Fokien and south to the eastern
Shan States, northern Siam and Annam; Riu Kiu Islands. (The birds
recorded from Kiusiu and other southern islands of Japan may belong to
this race.)

Turnix suscitator rostrata Swinhoe
Turniz rostrata Swinhoe, Ibis, 1865, p. 548. (Formosa.)
Formosa.

Turnix suscitator pallescens Robinson and Stuart Baker

Turniz suscitator pallescens Robinson and Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, 1928, p. 60. (Thayetmyo, Burma.)

Pegu region of Burma from Thayetmyo east to Tounghoo and south to
Rangoon.

Turnix suscitator interrumpens Robinson and Stuart Baker

Turnix suscitator interrumpens Robinson and Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 48, 1928, p. 60. (Kossoom, Peninsular Siam.)

Peninsular Siam and Burma to eastern Siam.

FAMILY TURNICIDAE 147

~~ Turnix suscitator atrogularis (Eyton)
Hemipodius atrogularis Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 107.
(Malacca.)

Malay Peninsula from the Province of Wellesley southward; northern
Sumatra.
Turnix suscitator suscitator (Gmelin)

Tetrao Suscitator Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 763. (Java.)

Turnix javanica Rafinesque, Précis découv. somiologiques, 1814, p. [2]
of cover. (Java, based on description in Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris,
3, 1803, p. 67, 146.)

Southeastern Sumatra, Java, Billiton, Bali.

Turnix suscitator fasciata (Temminck)

Hemipodius fasciatus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 634, 757.
(Philippine Islands, restricted to Manila by Hachisuka, antea, p. 163.)

Philippine Islands on islands of Calamianes, Luzon, Masbate, Mindoro,
Panay, Sibuyan and Palawan.
Turnix suscitator nigrescens Tweeddale

Turnix nigrescens Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877 (1878),
p. 765. (Cebu.)

Philippine Islands on islands of Negros and Cebu.

Turnix suscitator rufilata Wallace
Turniz rufilatus Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 480. (Ma-
cassar, Celebes.)
Celebes.
Turnix suscitator powelli Guillemard

Turnix powelli Guillemard, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, p. 511, pl. 29.
(Gunong Api Island, near Sumbawa.)

Lesser Sunda Islands on islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, South Flores,
Satonda, Lomblen and Alor.
———Turnix nigricollis (Gmelin)
Tetrao nigricollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 767. (Mada-
gascar.)
Madagascar.

~~~Turnix ocellata (Scopoli)

Oriolus ocellatus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786, p. 88.
(Luzon, ex Sonnerat, restricted to Manila by Hachisuka, antea,
p. 162.)

Confined to the Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands.

1 Replaces Hemipodius pugnax Temminck and Turnix javanica Auct.
(= Rafinesque).

148 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turnix melanogaster (Gould)

Hemipodius melanogaster Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1837, pl. [31],
f. 2. (New South Wales = Moreton Bay, Sydney, apud Mathews.)

Colcloughia melanogaster gowert Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 53.
(Gowrie, Queensland.)

Queensland and New South Wales.

?Turnix varia scintillans (Gould)
Hemipodius scintillans Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 62.
(Houtmann’s Abrolhos, West Australia.)
If a valid form, is probably confined to Houtmann’s Abrolhos.

Turnix varia varia (Latham)
Perdiz varia Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixiii. (Sydney, New
South Wales.)

Turniz varia stirlingt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 181. (Stirling
Range, West Australia.)

Turnix varia subminuta Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 181. (Cook-
town, North Queensland.)

Australia.

Turnix varia novaecaledoniae Ogilvie-Grant

Turnix nove caledoniz Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 22, 1893,
p. 552, note. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

Turnix castanota magnifica Mathews

Turnix castanota magnifica Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 181.
(North-West Kimberley, North-West Australia.)

North-West Australia.

Turnix castanota castanota (Gould)

Hemipodius castanotus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839 (1840),
p. 145. (Northwest coast of Australia = Port Essington, Northern
Territory, apud Mathews.)

Turnix castanota melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 27.
(Melville Island.)

Turnix castanota alligator Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 27.
(South Alligator River, Northern Territory.)

Northern Territory and Melville Island.

Turnix castanota olivii Robinson

Turnix olivii Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 48. (Cook-
town, Queensland.)

FAMILY TURNICIDAE 149

Austroturniz olivii coenensis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1922,
p. 14. (Coen, North Queensland.)

Northern Queensland.

Turnix pyrrhothorax berneyi Mathews
Turnix pyrrothoraz (sic) berneyi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 182.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)
Austroturniz pyrrothorax (sic) intermedia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec.,
3, 1916, p. 53. (Wyangarie, Queensland.)
North-West Australia, Northern Territory and northern Queensland.

——— Turnix pyrrhothorax pyrrhothorax (Gould)

Hemipodius pyrrhothorax Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1841, pl. 15 and
text [= 5, pl. 86 of bound vol.] (Aberdeen, upper Hunter River, New
South Wales.)

South Australia, southern Queensland, New South Wales.

Turnix velox picturata Mathews
Turniz velox picturata Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 182. (Derby,
North-West Australia.)
Coastal districts of North-West Australia and Northern Territory.

Turnix velox leucogaster North

Turnix leucogaster North, Ibis, 1895, p. 342. (Davenport Creek, Central
Australia.)

Turnix velox vinotincta Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 182. (Mungi,
North-West Australia.)

Central Australia.

~——~~Turnix velox velox (Gould)

Hemipodius velox Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1841, pl. 14 and text [= 5,
pl. 87 of bound vol.] (Yarrundi, upper Hunter River, New South
Wales.)

Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia.

GrENus ORTYXELOS VIsrILior

Ortyzelos Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 2, 1825, p. 91. Type, by monotypy, Turniz
metffreni Vieillot.

cf. Lowe, Ibis, 1923, p. 278-293. Systematic position.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 309-312.

~~» Ortyxelos meiffrenii (Vieillot)

Turmz Meiffreni Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 35, 1819, p. 49.

(Senegal.)

Senegal south to Bornu and eastward to central Kordofan; also occurs
in the Turkwel country and in the sandy areas of Uganda and northern
Kenya Colony.

150 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity PEDIONOMIDAE

Genus PEDIONOMUS Govtp

Pedionomus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 114.
Type, by monotypy, Pedionomus torquatus Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 96-99.

Pedionomus torquatus Gould
Pedionomus torquatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841),
p. 114. (Interior of South Australia = plains near Adelaide.)

Pedionomus torquatus goulburni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916,
p. 53. (Goulburne, New South Wales.)

New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

SUBORDER GRUES
SUPERFAMILY GRUOIDEA
Famity GRUIDAE

SuBFAMILY GRUINAE
Genus GRUS Patuas

Grus Pallas, Misc. Zool., 1766, p. 66. Type, by tautonymy, Ardea grus
Linné1

Mathewsia Iredale, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1911, p. 47. New name to
replace Antigone Reichenbach 1853, not Antigone G. R. Gray, 1847.
Type, by original designation, Ardea rubicunda Perry.

Mathewsena Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 82. New name to re-
place Mathewsia Iredale, 1911, not Matthewsia Saulcy, 1868.
cf. Brazil, in Wytsman’s Genera Avium, pt. 19, 1913, p. 3-6; p. 7
(Pseudogeranus), pl. 1, pl. 2, figs. 1, 6.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1812-1821.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 371-377.
Peters, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 120-122.

1 The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled
(opinion no. 103) that Grus Pallas, refers to all the species placed in the sec-
tion Grues of the 10th ed. of Linné’s Syst. Nat., not to Psophia crepitans Linné
alone. The determination of Ardea grus as the genotype of Grus Pallas, pre-
cludes the further use of the name Megalornis G. R. Gray (List Gen. Bds., ed.
2, 1841, p. 85). Includes Limnogeranus Sharpe, Sarcogeranus Sharpe, Antigone
Reichenbach, and Pseudogeranus Sharpe of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Only 170 copies of Blaauw’s Monograph of the Cranes, 1897, were printed,
and the work is so rare that I have not listed it as a possible reference under
any of the genera of cranes recognized in this book.

FAMILY GRUIDAE 151

~~~ Grus grus grus (Linné)

Ardea Grus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 141. (Europe, Africa;

restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.)

Breeds from Scandinavia, Finland, Livonia, Russia and west Siberia,
south to Germany, the Balkan States, Asia Minor and Turkestan; locally
in southern Spain and northern Italy. Winters in the Mediterranean
countries and in northeastern Africa south to Kordofan and Ethiopia.

~Grus grus lilfordi Sharpe

Grus lilfordi Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 250 (in key),
p. 252. (No type or type locality designated, but specimens listed
from Siberia (Ob River), India, Nepal and China (Swatow).)

Known breeding area is in Transbaikalia on Tarei-nor and the Onon

and Argun rivers; the breeding range probably extends from the basin
of the Yenessei eastward. Winters in China, Island of Hainan and north-
ern India.

~~ Grus nigricollis Przevalski

Grus nigricollis Przevalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, 2, 1876, p. 135.
(Koko-nor.)

Breeds about the lakes of high central Asia from Ladak to Koko-nor.
Recorded in winter from Yunnan and Tonkin.

~Grus monacha Temminck

Grus monacha Temminck, PI. col., livr. 94, 1835, pl. 555. (Hokkaido

and Korea.)

Breeding range not definitely known but the species is recorded either in
summer or as a spring and fall migrant in southeastern Siberia from Lake
Baikal to the Amur, south to northwestern Mongolia and Ussuriland, also
in Korea and Japan. Winters in China south to the Yangtse Valley.

~==Grus canadensis canadensis (Linné)

Ardea canadensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 141. (North
America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)

Breeds on the Arctic coast of eastern Siberia (Summer specimens known
from Cape Baranov) and the Chukchi Peninsula; known to breed on
St. Lawrence Island, and from northern and western Alaska, Melville
and Baffin Islands south to the southern mainland of Alaska, southern
Mackenzie and Hudson Bay. Winters from California and Texas south
to northern Lower California and central Mexico.

Grus canadensis tabida (Peters)

Megalornis canadensis tabida Peters, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 122. (Valley of
the south fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada.)!

1 This name replaces Grus mexicana (P. L. S. Miiller), now regarded as un-
identifiable.

152 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Megalornis-c-woodi H. H. Bailey, Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist.,
Bull. no. 4, 1930, p. [2]. (Peninsula of Michigan.)

Bred, formerly, from British Columbia east to western Ontario and
south to northern California and Ohio; now breeds chiefly from British
Columbia to Manitoba and south to northern California, Wisconsin and
Michigan. Winters from California, Texas and Louisiana south to Mexico.

Grus canadensis pratensis F. A. A. Meyer
Grus pratensis F. A. A. Meyer, Zool. Annalen, 1, 1794, p. 286, 296.
(Florida = Alachua Savanna, Clay County.)
Southern Georgia and peninsular Florida, probably also southern
Louisiana and Alabama.

- Grus canadensis nesiotes Bangs and Zappey

Grus nesiotes Bangs and Zappey, Am. Nat., 39, 1905, p. 193. (La Vega,
Isle of Pines.)

Isle of Pines and western Cuba.

Grus japonensis (P. L. S. Miiller)
Ardea (Grus) Japonensis P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776,
p. 110. (Japan.)
Breeds in Manchuria, the Ussuri region north to the middle Amur, and
Korea. Winters in eastern China south to the Yangtse Valley. Occurs in
Japan on migration.

Grus americana (Linné)
Ardea americana Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (North
America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)

Bred, formerly, from Mackenzie east to Hudson Bay and south to
Nebraska and Iowa; now breeds only in a few localities in southern
Mackenzie and northern Saskatchewan. Wintered, formerly, from the
Gulf States to central Mexico; now winters exclusively in southeastern
Texas.

Grus vipio Pallas 1
Grus Vipio Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 111. (Near Nert-
chinsk [on the Onon River, Transbaikalia].)

Breeds from Transbaikalia and northwestern Mongolia east through
Manchuria to Ussuriland. Winters in Korea and eastern China south to
the Yangtse. Occurs in Japan on migration.

Grus antigone antigone (Linné)
Ardea Antigone Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Asia = Far-
ther India, as restricted by Hartert, antea, p. 1820.)
Breeds in northern India from the Indus to western Assam, south to
the Bombay Presidency on the west and to the Godavery River on the
east.

1 Replaces Grus leucauchen Temminck.

FAMILY GRUIDAE 153

Grus antigone sharpii Blanford

Grus (Antigone) sharpiit Blanford, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 7.
(Burma.)

Eastern Assam, Burma, Siam and Cochinchina.

Grus rubicunda argentea (Mathews)
Mathewsia rubicunda argentea Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 227.
(Derby, North-West Australia.)

North-West Australia and Northern Territory.

~~~ Grus rubicunda rubicunda (Perry)

Ardea rubicunda Perry, Arcana, pt. 6, 1810, pl. [22]. (Botany Bay, New
South Wales.)

Eastern and southern Australia and the swampy lowlands of southern
New Guinea.

~~~ Grus leucogeranus Pallas

Grus Leucogeranus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773,
p. 714. (Swamps bordering the Ischim, Irtysh and Ob rivers.)
Breeds locally in southeastern Russia and in Siberia from the lower
Ural River, the Tobol, the mouths of the Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma
rivers south to Turgai, the upper Ob, northern Turkestan, Transbaikalia
and Ussuriland. Winters in northwestern India and in China.

GENus BUGERANUS GtLoGeER

Bugeranus Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 440.
Type, by original designation, Ardea carunculata Gmelin.

cf. Sclater, Fauna S. Afr., Bds., 4, 1906, p. 278-280.

~~ Bugeranus carunculatus (Gmelin)
Ardea carunculata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 643. (Africa =
Cape of Good Hope, ex Latham.)
Eastern and southern Africa from Somaliland to Benguella, Damara-
land, Cape Province and Natal.

‘eter.

Genus ANTHROPOIDES ViertuotT!

Anthropoides Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 59. Type, by monotypy,
Demoiselle of Buffon = Ardea virgo Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1822-1823.
Sclater, Fauna S. Afr., Bds., 4, 1906, p. 281-283.

“=== Anthropoides virgo (Linné)

Ardea Virgo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p.141. (‘In Oriente” =

India.)

1 Includes the genus Tetrapteryx Thunberg of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

154 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in southeastern Europe and the greater part of central Asia from
Kiev, Turgai Province, Gouvernment of Tomsk, the upper Lena River
north to lat. 60° and on the Yana River; south to the Dobruscha, lower
Ilek River, the Tian Shans, the Altai and northern Mongolia; also on
the high plateaus of Algeria and perhaps in Morocco and southern Spain.
Winters in northeastern Africa to the White and Blue Niles and Ethiopia;
in India, Burma and China.

Anthropoides paradisea (Lichtenstein)

Ardea paradisea Lichtenstein, Cat. Rerum Rariss., Hamburg, 1793,
p. 28. (Inner South Africa.)

High veld region of Africa south of the Zambesi.

SUBFAMILY BALEARICINAE

GEeNus BALEARICA Brisson

Balearica Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 511. Type, by monotypy,
Balearica Brisson = Ardea pavonina Linné.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 44-49.
Brazil, in Wytsman’s Genera Avium, pt. 19, 1913, p. 8-9, pl. 3.
Mitchell, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1904, vol. 2, p. 200-205.

‘ Balearica pavonina pavonina (Linné)
Ardea pavonina Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 141. (Africa.)

West Africa from Senegal to Lake Chad and south to Sierra Leone, Gold
Coast, northern Nigeria and the middle Shari River.

Balearica pavonina ceciliae Mitchell
Balearica ceciliz Mitchell, Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, no. 10, 1904,
p. 138. (Khartoum.)

Nile Valley from Khartoum south along the Blue and White Niles to
Fashoda, east to the Hawash Valley and the Ethiopian lakes.

Balearica pavonina gibbericeps Reichenow
Balearica gibbericeps Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 126. (Hast
Africa, type from Lake Jipe, near Mt. Kilimanjaro.)
East Africa from eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and Kenya Colony
south to central Tanganyika Territory.

Balearica pavonina regulorum (Bennett)

Anthropoides Regulorum Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1833 (1834),
p. 118. (South Africa.)
Africa from the Cunene, Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa south-
ward; absent from the southern part of the South-West African Pro-
tectorate and the western half of Cape Province.

FAMILY PSOPHIIDAE 155

Famity ARAMIDAE
GreNnus ARAMUS VIEILLoT

Aramus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 58. Type, by monotypy, Courlili
Buffon = Ardea scolopacea Gmelin.

cf. Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1925, p. 141-144.

--- Aramus scolopaceus pictus (F. A. A. Meyer)

Tantalus pictus F. A. A. Meyer, Zool. Annalen, 1, 1794, p. 287. (St.
Johns River, Florida.)

Southern Georgia and the Florida Peninsula; Cuba, Isle of Pines and
Jamaica.

~-Aramus scolopaceus elucus Peters

Aramus pictus elucus Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5,
1925, p. 143. (Sosua, Dominican Republic.)

Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

~~~ Aramus scolopaceus dolosus Peters

Aramus pictus dolosus Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5,
1925, p. 144. (Bolson, Costa Rica.)

Eastern and western slopes of southern Mexico and Central America
south to Panama.

~~. Aramus scolopaceus scolopaceus (Gmelin)
Ardea scolopacea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 647. (Cayenne.)

Tropical South America from the Cienega Grande, Colombia, east
through Venezuela and the Guianas, south to central (?) Brazil; locally
abundant in western Ecuador.

ace

~~Aramus scolopaceus carau Vieillot
Aramus carau Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 300. (Para-
guay.)

Central (?) and southern Brazil; Paraguay; Uruguay; eastern Argen-
tina.

Famity PSOPHIIDAE

Genus PSOPHIA Linné
Psophia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. Type, by monotypy,
Psophia crepitans Linné.

cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., KI. 2, 22, 1906, p. 709.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 278-281.

156 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~ Psophia crepitans crepitans Linné
Psophia crepitans Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. (South
America = Cayenne, ex Barrére.)
Eastern and southern Venezuela, the Guianas and adjacent portions
of northeastern Brazil, south to the north bank of the Amazon.

Psophia crepitans napensis Sclater and Salvin
Psophia napensis Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 141, 162. (Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador.)
Upper Amazonia in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and
probably adjacent portions of northwestern Brazil, south to the left bank
of the Solimoés.

Psophia leucoptera leucoptera Spix
Psophia leucoptera Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 67, pl. 84. (Rio Negro.
Error = left bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil, substituted by Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 422.)
Western Brazil and eastern Peru from the right bank of the Solimoés,
south to northern Bolivia and east to the left bank of the upper Rio
Madeira.

Psophia leucoptera ochroptera Pelzeln
Psophia ochroptera ‘“‘Natterer” Pelzeln, Sitzungsb. math.-naturw. Cl.
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 24, 1857, p. 371. (Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil.)

Rio Negro region of northwestern Brazil.

Psophia viridis viridis Spix
Psophia viridis Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 66, pl. 83. (Villa Nuova on
the Amazon = Parintins, Lower Amazon, fide Naumburg, Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 84.)
Northern Brazil south of the Amazon on the right bank of the Rio
Madeira and its eastern affluents.

Psophia viridis obscura Pelzeln
Psophia obscura Pelzeln, Sitzungsb. math.-naturw. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 24, 1857, p. 873. (Pard, Brazil.)
Apparently confined to the region south of Pard, northeastern Brazil
(Rio Capim and Rio Acara).

FAMILY RALLIDAE 5G

SUPERFAMILY RALLOIDEA

Famity RALLIDAE

Genus RALLUS Linnié

Rallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequent
designation, Rallus aquaticus Linné. (Fleming, Mem. Wernerian Nat.
Hist. Soc., 3, 1821, p. 176.)

Hyporallus Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 76.
Type, by original designation, Rallus muelleri Rothschild.

Tahitornis Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 2, 1930, app., p. 904,
note. Type, by original designation, Rallus pacificus Gmelin = Rallus
ecaudata J. F. Miller.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 95-97.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 8-10.
Hartert, Vog. pal, Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1824-1826.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 21-22.
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 52.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 183*-199.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 66-69.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 325-326; 339-340.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 4-9.
van Rossem, Condor, 31, 1929, p. 213-215.

Suscenus RALLUS Linné
~—-~= Rallus longirostris crepitans Gmelin

Rallus crepitans Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 713. (‘‘In Nove-
boraco,”’ restricted type locality, Long Island, New York.)

Breeds on the salt marshes of the Atlantic coast from Connecticut to
North Carolina. Winters from south of New Jersey to South Carolina.

Rallus longirostris waynei Brewster

Rallus crepitans waynet Brewster, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 1, 1899,
p. 50. (St. Mary’s, Camden County, Georgia.)

Resident on the salt marshes of the Atlantic coast from southeastern
North Carolina to about lat. 29° N. on the east coast of Florida.
. Rallus longirostris scottii Sennett

Rallus longirostris scottti Sennett, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 305. (Tarpon Springs,
Florida.)

Salt marshes of the Gulf coast of Florida and on the east coast north to
Jupiter Inlet.
= Rallus longirostris insularum W.S. Brooks

Rallus longtrostris insularum W.S. Brooks, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. CL.,
7, 24 June, 1920, p. 53. (Big Pine Key, Florida.)

158 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rallus longirostris helvus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, 24 July,
1920, p. 33. (Sixth key in the Newfound Harbor group, southwest of
Big Key, Florida.)

Mangrove swamps of the Florida Keys and possibly adjacent mainland
swamps.

Rallus longirostris saturatus Ridgway
Rallus longirostris var. saturatus Ridgway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 5,
6 July, 1880, p. 140. (Louisiana, type from Rigolets, Lake Borgne.)
Salt marshes on the Gulf coast from Texas to Alabama.

Rallus longirostris coryi Maynard
Rallus Corrius} Anonymous = Maynard, Am. Exch. and Mart, 3,
no. 3, 15 Jan., 1887. (Island off the south shore of Andros.)

Mangrove swamps of the Bahama Islands.

Rallus longirostris caribaeus Ridgway

Rallus longirostris var. caribeus Ridgway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 5,
1880, p. 140. (West Indies, type from Jamaica.)

Rallus longirostris cubanus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4,
1892, p. 288. (Casilda, coast of southern Cuba.)

Rallus longirostris leucopheus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913,
p. 174. (Majagua River, Isle of Pines.)

Rallus longirostris vafer Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p.
121. (Etroite, Gonave Island, Haiti.)?

Mangrove swamps on the islands of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Gonave,
Puerto Rico, Vieques, Culebra and the Virgin Islands. Recorded from
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Barbuda and Antigua, but apparently unsub-
stantiated by specimens.

Rallus longirostris pallidus Nelson
Rallus pallidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 141. (Rio
Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico.)

Coasts of Yucatan and British Honduras.

1 Corrected to read Rallus Coryi, t. c., no. 6, 5 Feb., 1887.

? I am unable satisfactorily to distinguish more than one form of Rallus
longirostris inhabiting the West Indies; the Clapper Rails of these islands not
only have two color phases, but vary greatly as individuals both in color and
size. Perhaps with an adequate series from all the islands a future reviser
may be able to substantiate some of the subspecies for which names have been
proposed, but for the present comparable material in adequate series is not
available. As a case in point, none of a series of fourteen adults in the M. C. Z.
from the Isle of Pines even approach the characters claimed for leucopheus in
the original description, but are indistinguishable from a series of seven adults
from Cuba.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 159

~—— Rallus longirostris longirostris Boddaert
Rallus longirostris Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum. 849.)
Coasts of British Guiana, Surinam and Cayenne; Island of Trinidad.

~ ?Rallus longirostris crassirostris Lawrence
Rallus crassirostris Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, 1871,
p. 19. (Bahia.)
Coasts of Brazil from Maranh&o to southern Sao Paulo.

Rallus longirostris cypereti Taczanowski
Rallus cypereti ‘““Stolzm.” Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877
(1878), p. 747. (Santa Luzia, Tumbez Delta, Peru.)
Marshes on the coasts of Ecuador and northwestern Peru.

~Rallus elegans obsoletus Ridgway
Rallus elegans var. obsoletus Ridgway, Am. Nat., 8, 1874, p. 111. (San
Francisco, California.)
Salt water marshes of California from Humboldt Bay south to Monterey
Bay.

—.Rallus elegans levipes Bangs
Rallus levipes Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 1, 1899, p. 45. (New-
port Landing, Los Angeles County [now in Orange County], Cali-
fornia.)
Salt water marshes of California from Santa Barbara south to San
Diego Bay.

Rallus elegans yumanensis Dickey
Rallus yumanensis Dickey, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 90. (Bard, Imperial
County, California.)
Marshes along the Colorado River (California-Arizona boundary) from
Laguna Dam south to Yuma.

-~—..Rallus elegans beldingi Ridgway

Rallus beldingt Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5, 1882, p. 345. (EHs-
piritu Santo Islands, Lower California.)

Marshes of the coasts of Lower California (and some of the adjacent
islands) from San Quintin Bay on the west and San José Island on the
east, southward.

Rallus elegans rhizophorae Dickey

Rallus obsoletus rhizophorae Dickey, Trans. San Diego Soe. Nat. Hist.,
6, 1930, p. 235. (Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.)

Coast of Sonora from Guaymas south to the Sonora-Sinaloa boundary.

160 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rallus elegans nayaritensis McLellan
Rallus nayaritensis McLellan, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4), 16, 1927, p. 9.
(San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.)
Known only from the type.

Rallus elegans tenuirostris Ridgway
Rallus elegans var. tenuirostris ‘‘Lawrence’’ Ridgway, Am. Nat., 8,
1874, p. 111. (City of Mexico.)
Marshes in the Valley of Mexico.

Rallus elegans elegans Audubon
Rallus elegans Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 3, 1834, pl. 203. (Ken-
tucky, South Carolina, Louisiana, and north to Camden, N. J. and
Philadelphia = Charleston, S. C.)
Breeds from Nebraska, southern Minnesota, southwestern Ontario,
and New York, south to Texas, the Gulf Coast and Florida. Winters in
the southern part of its breeding range.

Rallus elegans ramsdeni Riley
Rallus elegans ramsdeni Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 83.
(Guantanamo, Cuba.) 7
Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

Rallus limicola limicola Vieillot
Rallus limicola Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 558. (United
States = Pennsylvania, ex Edwards, pl. 279.)

Breeds from Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Ontario,
southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, south to Colorado,
Nebraska, Missouri, southern Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey and eastern
North Carolina; also in the Valley of Mexico. Winters in the lower
Mississippi Valley; from North Carolina to Florida, and in eastern Mexico
south to Guatemala.!

Rallus limicola zetarius nom. nov.

Rallus virginianus pacificus Dickey, Condor, 30, 1928, p. 322. (Five
miles west of Corona, Riverside County, California.) Not Rallus
pacificus Gmelin.

Pacific coast region (perhaps inland to the Rocky Mountains) of North

America from British Columbia to northern Lower California. Winters
south to Cape San Lucas and northwestern Mexico.

--Rallus limicola aequatorialis Sharpe

Rallus zquatorialis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 7 (in key),
p. 18, pl. 2, f. 1. (Colombia to Peru.)

Temperate zone of Ecuador. (Recorded, probably erroneously, from
Bogota, Colombia and Lima, Peru.)

1 Specimens from Guatemala not seen.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 161

?Rallus limicola peruvianus Taczanowski
Rallus peruvianus Taczanowski, Orn. Pér., 3, 1886, p. 313. (Peru?)
Known only from the type in the Raimondi collection, without locality;
probably the same as antarcticus, though the measurements indicate a
smaller bird.

<= Rallus limicola antarcticus King
Rallus Antarcticus King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 95. (Straits of Magel-
lan.)
Central Chile and Argentina (from Buenos Aires Province) south to
the Straits of Magellan.

———~ Rallus semiplumbeus Sclater
Rallus semiplumbeus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 31.
(Bogota.)
Temperate zone of Colombia and Ecuador.

<= Rallus aquaticus aquaticus Linné

Rallus aquaticus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Great Britain.)

Breeds in the British Isles and the greater part of Europe south to the
Mediterranean Sea, northwestern Africa and Egypt, east at least to
Leningrad, Moscow, Simbirsk and Orenburg, perhaps to West Siberia.
Winters locally throughout its breeding range, but partial migrant to the
Mediterranean lands.

Rallus aquaticus hibernans Salomonsen
Rallus aquaticus hibernans Salomonsen, Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk
naturh. Foren., 90, 1930-1931 (1931), p. 360. (Husavik, northern
Iceland.)

Permanent resident in Iceland.

~~~ Rallus aquaticus korejewi Zarudny
Rallus aquaticus korejewi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 13, 1905, p. 209.
(Northeastern Turkestan, Buchara, Transcaspia and east Persia.)
Known to breed in Transcaspia, eastern Persia, Turkestan, Zaidam,
Kashmir and Ladak. Winters in northwestern India and in eastern China,
casually elsewhere.

=~ Rallus aquaticus indicus Blyth
Rallus indicus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 820.
(Lower Bengal and India generally.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia from the Lena east to Amur and Ussuriland,
south to Transbaikalia, Chihli and Korea; Japanese Islands from Sakhalin
to Kiusiu. Winters in eastern Bengal, Assam and Burma; southeastern
China.

162 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rallus caerulescens Gmelin

Rallus cerulescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 716. (Cape of
Good Hope.)

Africa from northern Angola on the west and Lake Tana, Ethiopia, on
the east, south to Cape Province; Island of Sao Thomé.

Rallus madagascariensis Verreaux

Rallus Madagascariensis Verreaux, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1833,
p. 80. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Rallus pectoralis exsul (Hartert)

Hypotaenidia brachypus exsul Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 50.
(Mangari district, Flores.)

Flores: known only from the type.

‘Rallus pectoralis mayri Hartert

Rallus pectoralis mayri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 121. (Kofo,
Anggi Gidji, Arfak Mts., New Guinea.)

Arfak Mountains, New era

~ Rallus pectoralis alberti (Rothschild and Hartert)

Hypotaenidia brachypus albertt Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907, p. 451. (Owgarra, Angabunga River, British New Guinea.)

Mountains of British New Guinea between 6000 and 8000 feet.

Rallus pectoralis pectoralis Temminck

Rallus pectoralis Temminck, PI. col., livr. 88, 1831, text to pl. 523, part.
(Oceania = New South Wales, apud Mathews.)

Southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

Rallus pectoralis clelandi Mathews

Rallus pectoralis clelandi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 189. (West
Australia.)

South-West Australia.

Rallus pectoralis brachipus Swainson

Rallus brachipus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 336.
(Tasmania.)

Tasmania.

{Rallus muelleri Rothschild
Rallus muelleri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 40, (Auck-
land Island.)
Extinct. Formerly inhabited the Auckland Islands; known only from
the unique type.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 163

Rallus striatus gularis Horsfield
Rallus gularis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 196. (Java.)
India, Burma, and southern China,! south to Ceylon, Malay Peninsula,
Siam and Cochinchina; Java; Sumatra.

Rallus striatus taitwanus (Yamashina)

Hypotaenidia striata taiwana Yamashina, Tori, 7, 1932, p. 414. (Rilan,
Taito-siu, Formosa.)

Formosa.

Rallus striatus obscurior (Hume)

Hypotxnidia obscuriora Hume, Str. Feath., 2, 1874, p. 302. (Andaman
Islands.)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

?Rallus striatus reliquus (Oberholser)

Hypotaenidia striata relaqua Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 55, 1919,
p. 476. (Simalur Island, Barussan Islands.)
Apparently confined to the Mentawi Islands off western Sumatra.

———Rallus striatus striatus Linné

Rallus striatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 262. (Philippines,
restricted to Manila, Island of Luzon, by Oberholser, postea.)

? Hypotaenidia striata paraterma Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
14, 1924, p. 295. (Island of Samar, Philippine Ids.)?

Philippine Islands; Celebes; Borneo(?); Labuan(?).

SusBGENus HYPOTAENIDIA ReIcHEenBAcH

Hypotaenidia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xxii. Type,
by original designation, Rallus pectoralis ‘Cuvier’ not Rallus pectora-
lis Temminck = Hypotaenidia australis Pelzeln?

1 Rallus (Hypotaenidia) jouyt Stejneger appears to be inseparable.

2 While paraterma is very possibly a valid subspecies it was described from
a single specimen and with inadequate material for comparison. Rallus
striatus has been recorded from nearly every island in the Philippines, but no
one has ever assembled a sufficient series to discover what geographic varia-
tion takes place within the Archipelago. In this case there are two courses
open, either to recognize the bird of Samar as a distinct form and refer birds
from all the other islands to striatus, or to adopt the more conservative course
and for the present not recognize any subspecies of Rallus striatus in the
Philippines.

3 Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 25, 1893, p. 274, described a new genus
and species of Rallidae under the name Stictolimnas sharpit; the type, with-
out data, was presumed to have come from South America. In April, 1929,
Outram Bangs received a reply from Dr. van Oort in regard to a question con-

164 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rallus philippensis philippensis Linné
Rallus philippensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 263. (Philip-
pines.)
Islands of Luzon and Batan, Philippine Islands.
__—Rallus philippensis chandleri (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis chandlert Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 198.
(Celebes.)
Celebes.
___-Rallus philippensis wilkinsoni (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis wilkinsont Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911,
p. 198. (‘South Flores.’’)
Lesser Sunda Islands: islands of Flores, Alor, Timor and Savu.

Rallus philippensis andrewsi (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis andrewst Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 199.
(Horsbrough Island, Cocos Keeling Group.)
Cocos Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean.

Rallus philippensis admiralitatis (Stresemann)
Hypotaenidia philippensis admiralitatis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb.,
37, 1929, p. 190. (Manus, Admiralty Islands.)
Admiralty Islands.

Rallus philippensis lesouefi (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis lesouefi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 198.
(New Hanover.)
New Hanover; New Ireland(?).

Rallus philippensis meyeri (Hartert)
Hypotaenidia philippensis meyert Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 121.
(Witu Island.)
Witu Island and New Britain; New Guinea(?).!

Rallus philippensis australis (Pelzeln)

Hypotenidia australis Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, p. 42. (New name for Rallus
pectoralis Gould, not of Temminck. Australia, restricted to New
South Wales by Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 22.)

cerning the status of Stictolimnas. Dr. van Oort gave the brief history of the
type as follows: it was received from Frank, the Amsterdam dealer, in 1868;
it bore no locality but the fact that Schlegel believed it to be the young of
Ortygonax maculatus evidently led Biittikofer to believe that it must have come
from South America, Van Oort at the time he wrote to Bangs believed that
Stictolimnas sharpii was in reality a ‘‘Hypotaenidea.” If so, it may represent
a distinct species, or it may prove to be an earlier name for one of the many
rails of this group described since 1893.

1 The status of the resident form of R. philippensis in New Guinea is not
known.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 165

Eulabeornis philippensis mellori Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 192.
(Sandy Hook Island, South-West Australia.)

Eulabeornis philippensis yorki Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 6.
(Cape York, Queensland.)!

Australia and Tasmania; southern Moluccas(?); Kei and Sud-est

Islands(?); New Guinea(?).

~—~ Rallus philippensis assimilis G. R. Gray

Rallus assimilis G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach’s Trav. New Zealand, 2,
1843, p. 197. (New Zealand.)

New Zealand: North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Auckland
Islands.

Rallus philippensis norfolkensis (Mathews)
Hypotenidia philippensis norfolkensis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
51, 1931, p. 129. (Burnt Pine, Norfolk Island.)

Norfolk Island.

Rallus philippensis macquariensis Hutton
Rallus macquariensis Hutton, Ibis, 1879, p. 455. (Macquarie Islands.)
Macquarie Islands.

Rallus philippensis swindellsi (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis swindellsi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911,
p. 198. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

Rallus philippensis sethsmithi (Mathews)
Eulabeornis philippensis sethsmitht Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911,
p. 197. (Fiji Islands.)
New Hebrides and Fiji Islands.

~ Rallus philippensis goodsoni (Mathews)

Eulabeornis philippensis goodsoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 197.
(Samoa, type from Upolu.)

Samoa Islands.

Rallus philippensis forsteri Hartlaub
Rallus Forstert Hartlaub, Arch. f. Naturg., 18, Bd. 1, 1852, p. 1386.
(Name for Rallus pacificus var., J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed.
Lichtenstein, 1844, p. 178. Tonga Islands.)

Tonga Islands.

1 Probably a recognizable race, but provisionally regarded as a synonym
in view of the unsettled status of the New Guinea birds.

166 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

{Rallus ecaudata J. F. Miller
Rallus ecaudata J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1783, pl. 47. (‘‘Otaheitee.’’)
Rallus pacificus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 717. (Tahiti.)

Extinct. Formerly occurred on Tahiti.

Rallus torquatus torquatus Linné
Rallus torquatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 262. (Philippines.)
Philippine Islands.

~—~Rallus torquatus celebensis Quoy and Gaimard

Rallus celebensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830,
p. 250, Ois., pl. 24, f. 2. (Celebes.)

Celebes.

Rallus torquatus sulcirostris Wallace
Rallus sulcirostris Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863), p. 345.
(Sula Islands.)
Hypotaenidia Jentinkt Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, 1893, p. 268.
(Sula Mangola.)
Sula Islands.

Rallus torquatus kuehni (Rothschild)
Hypotenidia kuehni Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1902, p. 75.
(Tukang Besi Islands, type from Binongka.)
Tukang Besi Islands.

_-Rallus torquatus limarius nom. nov.

Hypotenidia saturata ‘Salvadori’ Sclater, Ibis, July (= 4 August),
1880, p. 310, note. (Salawatti.) Not Rallus longirostris saturatus
Ridgway, 6 July, 1880.

Salawatti and northwestern New Guinea.

Rallus owstoni (Rothschild)
Hypotaenidia owstoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 481. (Guam,
Marianne Islands.)
Confined to the Island of Guam, Marianne Islands.

Rallus wakensis (Rothschild)
Hypotxenidia wakensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903, p. 78.
(Wake Island, lat. 19° N., long. 167° E., Pacific Ocean.)

Wake Islands.
GEeNus NESOLIMNAS Anprews

Nesolimnas Andrews, Nov. Zool., 3, 1896, p. 260, 266. Type, by
monotypy, Rallus dieffenbachit G. R. Gray.

cf. Oliver, New Zealand, Bds., 1930, p. 340-341.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 167

{Nesolimnas dieffenbachii (G. R. Gray)

Rallus Dieffenbachi G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach’s Trav. New Zealand,
2, 1843, p. 197. (Chatham Islands.) Col. pl., Rothschild, Ext. Bds.,
pl. 27.1

Extinct. Formerly occurred on the Chatham Islands.

GENus CABALUS Hurron

Cabalus Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 6, 1874, p. 108. Type, by
monotypy, Rallus modestus Hutton.

Huttonena Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929, p. 19. New name
to replace Cabalus Hutton on grounds of preoccupation by Caballus
Rafinesque, 1815.

cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 326-327.

——~4Cabalus modestus (Hutton)

Rallus modestus Hutton, Ibis, 1872, p. 247. (Chatham Islands, type
from Mangare Island.) Col. pl., Rothschild, Ext. Bds., pl. 28, f. 1.

Extinct. Formerly occurred on Mangare Island and Chatham Island
of the Chatham Group.

Genus ATLANTISIA Lown

Atlantisia Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1923, p. 174. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Atlantisia rogersi Lowe.

cf. Lowe, Ibis, 1928, p. 99-131, pl. 8.

___-Atlantisia rogersi Lowe

Atlantisia rogerst Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1923, p. 175. (Inac-
cessible Island.)

Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Genus TRICHOLIMNAS SHarpr

Tricholimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Tricholimnas lafresnayanus (Verreaux) = Gallirallus
lafresnayanus J. Verreaux and Des Murs.

Sylvestrornis Mathews, Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe Id., 1928, p. 4.
Type, by monotypy, Ocydromus sylvestris Sclater.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 48 (Cabalus sylvestris);
p. 51-52.

1 The plate in vol. 23, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., labelled Cabalus dieffenbachi
Juv. represents Cabalus modestus.

168 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tricholimnas conditicius Peters and Griscom
Tricholimnas conditicius Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl.,
10, 1928, p. 102. (Apiang Island, Gilbert Group.)
Unique. Now probably extinct.

Tricholimnas lafresnayanus (J. Verreaux and Des Murs)
Gallirallus Lafresnayanus J. Verreaux and Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zool.
(2), 12, 1860, p. 487. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

Tricholimnas sylvestris (Sclater)
Ocydromus sylvestris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 472, pl.
35. (Lord Howe Island.)

Lord Howe Island.
GENus ORTYGONAX HEINE

Ortygonax Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn.,
1890, p. 321. Type, by subsequent designation, Rallus rytirhynchos
Vieillot. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 27.)

cf. Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1925, p. 36-38.
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 351-
358.

Ortygonax rytirhynchos simonsi (Chubb)
Pardirallus rityrhynchus simonst Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917,
p. 33. (Eten, northwestern Peru.)
Northwestern Peru.

Ortygonax rytirhynchos tschudii (Chubb)
Pardirallus rityrhynchus tschudit Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 50. (Junin,
central Peru.)
Central Peru.

Ortygonax rytirhynchos zelebori (Pelzeln)
?Rallus setosus King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 94. (No locality.)
Aramides zelebori Pelzeln, Reise ‘Novara,’ Zool., 1, Vég., 1865, p. 133.
(Lake Paratininga, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)
Known only from the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Ortygonax rytirhynchos rytirhynchos (Vieillot)
Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 549.
(Paraguay, based on Azara, no. 372.)
Rallus sanguinolentus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 335,
(Brazil and Chile.)!

1 Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot seems to me to be identifiable as this species,
and not unidentifiable as claimed by Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,

FAMILY RALLIDAE 169

Southern Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil, south to southern
and western Argentina (Rio Negro and Mendoza).

~~ Ortygonax rytirhynchos landbecki (Hellmayr)

Rallus sanguinolentus landbecki Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 351. (Concepcién, Chile.)

Chile from Tarapacaé south to Llanquihue.

Ortygonax rytirhynchos luridus (Peale)
Rallus luridus Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 223. (Orange Bay,
Tierra dei Fuego.)

Limnopardalis vigilantis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 31,
pl. 4. (Tom Bay, Straits of Magellan.)

Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego.

~Ortygonax nigricans nigricans (Vieillot)
Rallus nigricans Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 560.
(Paraguay, based on Azara, no. 371.)

Pardirallus nigricans macropus Stolazmann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon.
Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 117. (Vermelho, Serra da Esperanga, Parané.)

The greater part of tropical South America from Colombia to northern
Argentina.

Ortygonax nigricans humilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)

Rallus nigricans humilis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, 1902, vol. 2, p. 48. (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru.)

Status uncertain. If valid, probably confined to a relatively small area
in Peru.

GENus PARDIRALLUS BonapPartEe

Pardirallus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 599.
Type, by monotypy, Rallus variegatus Gmelin = Rallus maculatus
Boddaert.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 28-29. (Limnopardalis
maculatus.)

~ Pardirallus maculatus insolitus (Bangs and Peck)
Inmnopardalis maculatus insolitus Bangs and Peck, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 21, 1908, p. 48. (Ycacos Lagoon, British Honduras.)
Known only from the unique type.

Zool. Ser., 18, no. 7, 1930, p. 251). Chubb (Ibis, 1919, p. 51) restricts the type
locality of sanguinolentus to Chile, but is in error in doing so since Zimmer
(supra) states on the authority of Hellmayr that the type is labelled “ Brazil.”

170 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pardirallus maculatus maculatus (Boddaert)

Rallus maculatus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 48. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, pl. 775.)

The greater part of tropical eastern South America from the islands of
Trinidad and Tobago south to central Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

Pardirallus maculatus inoptatus (Bangs)

Limnopardalis maculatus inoptatus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl.,
4, 1913, p. 90. (Near Jaruco, Province of Havana, Cuba.)

Apparently confined to the provinces of Havana and Matanzas, Cuba.?

GENus DRYOLIMNAS SHarRPE

Dryolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by origi-
nal designation, Dryolimnas cumiert (Pucher.) = Rallus cuviert Puch-
eran.

cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 101.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 70-71.

Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri (Pucheran)

Rallus Cuviert Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 279. (Mauritius.) New
name for Rallus gularis ‘‘Cuvier”’ Lesson, not of Horsfield.

Madagascar and Mauritius.

Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti (Ridgway)
Rougetius abbotti Ridgway, Auk, 11, 1894, p. 74. (Assumption Island.)
Assumption Island, Indian Ocean.

Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus (Giinther)
Rallus gularis var. aldabrana Giinther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),
8, 1879, p. 168. (Aldabra Island.)
Aldabra Island, Indian Ocean.

Grnus ROUGETIUS Bonaparte

Rougetius Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 599.
Type, by tautonymy, Rallus abyssinicus Riippell = Rallus rougeti
Guérin-Meéneville.

cf. Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 139-140.

Rougetius rougetii (Guérin-Méneville)
Rallus Rougetii Guérin-Méneville, Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 322. (Ethiopia.)
Highlands of Ethiopia from Eritrea to the Omo region.

1 A spotted rail also occurred in Jamaica, but became extinct before any
specimens were preserved.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 171

Genus AMAUROLIMNAS SuHarpr

Amaurolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by
original designation, A. concolor (Gosse) = Rallus concolor Gosse.

cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus, Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 217.

tAmaurolimnas concolor concolor (Gosse)
Rallus concolor Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 369. (Jamaica.)
Formerly occurred on Jamaica; now extinct.

~ Amaurolimnas concolor guatemalensis (Lawrence)

Corethrura Gautemalensis (sic) Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1863, p. 106. (Guatemala.)

Occurs locally from Guatemala south to Ecuador, Matto Grosso and
Sao Paulo.

Genus RALLINA G. R. Gray?

Rallina “Reichenbach” G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, p. 595. Type,
by original designation, Rallus fasciatus Raffles.

Tomirdus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 193. Type, by original
designation, Hulabeornis tricolor robinsont Mathews.

cf. Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 2, 1932, p. 230-232.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 23.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 203-205.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 88-89.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 15-19; 7, 1930,
p. 478.

Rallina fasciata (Raffles)

Rallus fasciatus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 328.
(Benkulen, western Sumatra.)

Rallina suzuki Momiyama, Amoeba, 2, 1930, p. 26, 27. (Botel Tobago
[or Koto-sho, east of the southern tip of Formosa].) Nomen nudum?
in Japanese!

Southern Burma south over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Java;
Borneo; Lesser Sunda Islands; Philippine Islands (Palawan, Balabac,
Mindoro); Pelew Islands; Moluccas (Halmahera, Batjan and Buru).

1 Cf. Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 73; Griscom, Id.,
64, 1932, p. 121.

2 Includes the following recognized as genera in Sharpe’s Hand-list: Rallina
Reichenbach; Castanolimnas Sharpe. Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, 1921,
p. 151-152, quotes Davies Sherborn as authority for the statement that Rallina
appeared first in Reichenbach’s ‘Syn. Av. Icon.’ issued with Arch. Naturg.,
1845; but Sherborn himself in his Index Animalium, pt. 22, published June,
1930, credits Rallina to Reichenbach, Av. Syst., 1849, pl. 20. The first actual
appearance of Rallina that I can discover is the one cited herewith.

172 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~~—Rallina eurizonoides nigrolineata (G. R. Gray)

Rallus superciliaris Eyton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 16, 1845, p. 230.
(Malacea.) Not Rallus superciliaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
28, 1819, p. 565.

Zapornia nigrolineata G. R. Gray, Cat. Bds. Nepal, 1846, p. 143. In
synonymy of Rallus superciliaris Eyton, ex Hodgson, nomen nudum.
The next available name is:

Porzana amauroptera “Blyth” Jerdon, Bds. India, 3, 1864, p. 725.
(Northern India.)

Occurs locally throughout India from the lower Himalayas southward;
Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula and northern Annam; Ceylon.
Rallina eurizonoides sepiaria (Stejneger)

Euryzona sepiaria Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 395.

(Yayeyama, Riu Kiu Islands.)

Riu Kiu Islands.

Rallina eurizonoides formosana Seebohm

Rallina formosana Seebohm, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1894, p. 7. (For-
mosa.)

Island of Formosa.

Rallina eurizonoides eurizonoides (Lafresnaye)

Gallinula eurizonoides Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 368. (No local-
ity; the type agrees with specimens from the Philippines.)

Philippine Islands.

—______ Rallina eurizonoides minahasa Wallace

Rallina minahasa Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863), p. 346.
(Sula Islands and northern Celebes; the type is from Tondano,
Celebes.)

Celebes and the Sula Islands.
Rallina canningi (Blyth)
Euryzona canningi “Tytler” Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 119. (Andaman
Islands; type from Port Canning.)
Andaman Islands.

Rallina tricolor convicta (Stresemann)

Eulabeornis tricolor convicta Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 33, 1925, p. 17.
(Lahur, New Ireland.)

Bismarck Archipelago (St. Matthias, New Hanover, New Ireland).

Rallina tricolor victa Hartert

Rallina tricolor victa Hartert, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 175. (Larat,
Tenimber Islands.)

Koer (or Kur), Damar and Tenimber Islands.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 173

—-Rallina tricolor tricolor G. R. Gray

Rallina tricolor G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool.Soc. London, 1858, p. 188. (Aru
Islands.)

Eulabeornis tricolor grayt Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 205. (New
Guinea.)

Dampier Island, Waigeu, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands.

Rallina tricolor robinsoni (Mathews)

Eulabeornis tricolor robinsont, Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 208,
pl. 49. (North Queensland, type from Cairns.)

North Queensland.

GENus RALLICULA ScHLEGEL
Rallicula Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p. 55. Type, by
monotypy, Rallicula rubra Schlegel.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 123-125.

Rallicula rubra rubra Schlegel

Rallicula rubra Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p.55. (North-
ern peninsula of New Guinea.)

Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.

Rallicula rubra klossi Ogilvie-Grant

Rallicula klossi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 104.
(Utakwa River, Snow Mountains, New Guinea.) Colored plate,
Ibis, suppl., 1915, pl. 7.

Snow Mountains, southwestern New Guinea.

Rallicula leucospila leucospila (Salvadori)

orethrura? leucospila Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 975.
(Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.)

Arfak Mountains and mountains of the Wandammen Peninsula, west-
ern New Guinea.

Rallicula leucospila mayri Hartert

Rallicula rubra mayri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 124. (Cyclops
Mountains, New Guinea.)

Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.

- Rallicula leucospila dryas Mayr

Rallicula rubra dryas Mayr, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 709.
(Kulungtufu, Saruwaged Mountains, New Guinea.)

Saruwaged Mountains, northeastern New Guinea.

174 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rallicula leucospila forbesi Sharpe
Rallicula forbesi Sharpe, in Gould’s Bds. New Guinea, pt. 23, 1887, pl.
[70] and text [= 5 of bound vol.]. (OwenStanley Range, New Guinea.)
Owen Stanley Range, southeastern New Guinea.

Genus CYANOLIMNAS Barsovur AND PETERS
Cyanolimnas Barbour and Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 9, 1927,
p. 95. Type, by monotypy, Cyanolimnas cerverai Barbour and Peters.
cf. Barbour, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 28-82, pl. 4.

Cyanolimnas cerverai Barbour and Peters
Cyanolimnas cerverat Barbour and Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. CL., 9,
1927, p. 95. (Santo Tomds, Peninsula de Zapata, Cuba.)
Known only from the Cienaga de Zapata in southern Cuba.

Genus ARAMIDES PucHEeRAN

Aramides Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 277. Type, by original designa-
tion, Fulica cayennensis Gmelin = Fulica cajanea P. L. S. Miiller.
cf. Bangs, Am. Nat., 41, 1907, p. 177-187.
Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, p. 712-714.
Id., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 481-482.
Salvin and Godman, Biologia Centr.-Am., 3, 1903, p. 317-820.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 53-62.

Aramides mangle (Spix)
Gallinula mangle Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 74, pl. 97. (“‘littora maris

in locis paludosis”’ etc. = coast of Bahia, designated by Hellmayr,
antea, 1929, p. 481.)

Hastern Brazil from Piauhy south to Rio de Janeiro.

Aramides cajanea mexicana Bangs

Aramides albiventris mexicanus Bangs, Am. Nat., 41, 1907, p. 178 (in
key), p. 185. (Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)

Southern Mexico in states of Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tabasco
and Chiapas.
Aramides cajanea vanrossemi Dickey

Aramides vanrossemi Dickey, Condor, 31, 1929, p. 33, col. frontispiece
to no. 1. (Barra de Santiago, Ahuachapan, El Salvador.)

Pacifie coast of Guatemala and extreme western Salvador.

Aramides cajanea albiventris Lawrence
Aramides albiventris Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 234.
(British Honduras.)
Yucatan Peninsula, Cozumel Island, British Honduras and adjacent
parts of Guatemala.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 175

Aramides cajanea pacifica Miller and Griscom
Aramides plumbeicollis pacificus Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit.,
no. 25, 1921, p. 11. (Tipitapa, Lake Managua, Nicaragua.)
Shores of Lake Managua, Nicaragua.

Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis Zeledon
Aramides plumbeicollis Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 2, 1888,
p. 3. (Jimenez, Costa Rica.)!
Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica.

~ Aramides cajanea cajanea (P. L. 8. Miller)
Fulica Cajanea P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 119.
(Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pl. enl., pl. 352.)
Rallus chiricote Vieiliot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 551.
(Paraguay, ex Azara no. 369.)
Aramides cajanea venezuelensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 296. (Encontrados, Venezuela.)
Aramides cajanea peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 296. (Moyobamba, Peru.)
Aramides cajanea salmoni Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 48.
(Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia.)
Aramides cajanea grahami Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 53. (Para, Brazil.)
Greater part of tropical America from northwestern and southeastern
Costa Rica south to Colombia, eastern Peru, northern Argentina, Paraguay
and Uruguay.

Aramides cajanea latens Bangs and Penard
Aramides cajanea latens Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
62, 1918, p. 41. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)

Apparently confined to San Miguel Island.

Aramides wolfi Berlepsch and Taczanowski
Aramides wolfi Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1883 (1884), p. 576. (Chimbo, Ecuador.)
Humid tropical zone of western Ecuador, probably ranging northward
into Colombia.

Aramides gutturalis Sharpe
Aramides gutturalis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 54 (in
key), p. 57, pl. 5. (“South America, exact locality not known”; the
unique type is supposed to have come from Lima, Peru.)

Western Peru? 2

1 This name is a nomen nudum in An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 1887, p. 131.

2 Comparison of the plate in the Catalogue of Birds with a specimen of
wolfi leads me to suppose that gutturalis will prove to be only subspecifically
distinct from wolfi.

176 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aramides ypecaha (Vieillot)
Rallus ypecaha Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 568. (Para-
guay, ex Azara no. 367.)
Eastern Brazil in states of Piauhy, Bahia and northern Minas Geraés;
also Paraguay, Uruguay and the Argentine provinces of Chaco, Misiones,
Entre Rios and Buenos Aires.

Aramides axillaris Lawrence
Aramides axillaris Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 107.
(Barranquilla, Colombia.)
Coastal region of Mexico from Mazatlan on the west and Yucatan
peninsula on the east, south to northern South America (Ecuador on the
Pacific coast and east to British Guiana); Island of Trinidad.

Aramides calopterus Sclater and Salvin
Aramides calopterus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878,
p. 489, pl. 28. (Sarayacu, Ecuador.)
Tropical zone in eastern Ecuador.

Aramides saracura (Spix)
Gallinula saracura Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 75, pl. 98. (No type
locality.)
Eastern Brazil from Minas Geraés to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay;
Misiones.

Genus ARAMIDOPSIS SHarpre

Aramidopsis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 54. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Aramidopsis plateni (Blasius) = Rallus platent
Blasius.

cf. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 2, 1898, p. 690-692, pl. 42.

Aramidopsis plateni (Blasius)

Rallus platen Blasius, in Russ’ Isis, 1886, p. 103 [also Braunschw. Anz., 3,
March, 1886; Schalow, Journ. f. Orn., 34, 1886, p. 399]. (Rurukan,
Celebes.)

Celebes.

Genus NESOCLOPEUS PEeEtTErRs

Nesoclopeus Peters, Auk, 49, 1932, p. 348. Type, by original designa-
tion, Rallina poeciloptera Hartlaub.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 50-51.

Nesoclopeus poeciloptera (Hartlaub)
Rallina peciloptera Hartlaub, Ibis, 1866, p. 171. (Viti Levu, Fiji
Islands.)
Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 177

——-~Nesoclopeus woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant)
Rallina Woodfordi Ogilvie-Grant, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 4,
1889, p. 320. (Aola, Guadaleanar, Solomon Islands.)

Solomon Islands.

Genus GYMNOCREX Satvapori

Gymnocrex Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 678. Type,
by original designation, Rallina rosenbergii Schlegel.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 52-53.

————G yymnocrex rosenbergii (Schlegel)
Rallina rosenbergu Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 212.
(Kema, Celebes.)
North and middle Celebes.

“== Gymnocrex plumbeiventris (G. R. Gray)
Rallus plumbewentris G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861 (1862),
p. 432. (Misol.)!
Northern Moluccas, Misol, New Guinea, Aru Islands, and New
Treland.

Genus GALLIRALLUS LarrEesnaYE

Galli-rallus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 234. Type, by monotypy,
Gallirallus? brachypterus Lafresnaye = Fallus troglodytes Gmelin.

cf. Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 211-214.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 86-88.
Oliver, New Zealand Birds, 1930, p. 327-337.

Sassi, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 19, 1932, p. 467-472.

——-- Gallirallus australis greyi (Buller)
Ocydromus greyt Buller, Bds. New Zealand, ed. 2, 2, 1888, p. 105, pl. 34.
(North Island, New Zealand.)
North Island, New Zealand.

~~ Gallirallus australis australis (Sparrman)

Rallus australis Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 1, 1786, no. xiv, pl. 14.
(New Zealand, restricted type locality, Dusky Sound, South Island.)

Ocydromus assimilis Buller, Guide New Zealand Bds., Silver coll., 1888,
p. 44. (Southernmost part of South Island.)

1 Gray’s original description gives Misol as the type locality; the Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus. lists the type as coming from Morotai.

2 Spelled Gallirallus in connection with specific name.

3 The arrangement and nomenclature adopted by me is adapted from that
proposed by Oliver.

178 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ocydromus scotti Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, 1905, p. 78.
(Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, New Zealand.)

Gallirallus townsoni Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1914, p. 295, pl. 11.
(Westport, West coast of South Island, New Zealand.)

Northern and western parts of South Island, New Zealand; Stewart
Island. Introduced into Chatham Island and Macquarie Islands.
Gallirallus australis hectori (Hutton)

Ocydromus hectori Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 6, 1874, p. 110.
(Te Anau Lake, South Island, New Zealand.)

Gallirallus hectori reischeki Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 15.
(Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand.)

South Island, New Zealand, east of the dividing range, occurring from
sea level up to 6000 feet.
Gallirallus troglodytes (Gmelin)

Rallus troglodytes Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 713. (New
Zealand = Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3,
pt. 1, p. 219.)

Southwestern portion of South Island, New Zealand, from southern
Westland, western part of Otago, east to the Southern Alps and Lake Te
Anau}

Genus HABROPTERYX StrresEMANN

Habropteryx Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 40, 1932, p. 122. Type, by
original designation, Rallus insignis Sclater.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 46.
Habropteryx insignis (Sclater)
Rallus insignis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p. 66, pl. 8.
(New Britain, type from Kahabadai.)
New Britain.

Genus HABROPTILA G. R. Gray

Habroptila G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 365, pl. 172.
Type, by monotypy, Habroptila wallacii G. R. Gray.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 63-64.

Habroptila wallacii G. R. Gray
Habroptila wallacii G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 365,
pl. 172. (Halmahera.)
Halmahera.

1 I personally consider it highly improbable that there are actually two
distinct species of Gallirallus occurring together in the southwestern portion
of South Island; it is much more likely that in parts of its range G. australis
is dichromatic.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 179

GreNus MEGACREX D’ALBERTIS AND SALVADORI

Megacrex D’Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879,
p. 129. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Megacrex
inepta D’Aibertis and Salvadori.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 63.

Megacrex inepta D’Albertis and Salvadori
Megacrex inepta D’Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14,
1879, p. 180. (Fly River, New Guinea.)
New Guinea. Known only from near the mouth of the Tami River and
Mamberano on the north coast, and from the Fly, Digul and Setakwa
rivers on the south coast.

GreNus EULABEORNIS Govu.tp

Eulabeornis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 56. Type, by
monotypy, Hulabeornis castaneoventris Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 200-202.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 22.

Eulabeornis castaneoventris sharpei Rothschild
Eulabeornis castaneiventris sharpei Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16,
1906, p. 81. (Wokan, Aru Islands.)
Aru Islands.

Eulabeornis castaneoventris castaneoventris Gould
Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 56.
(North coast of Australia = Flinders River, Gulf of Carpenteria,
apud Mathews.)
Eulabeornis castaneoventris rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 198. (Obagama, North-West Australia.)
Eulabeornis castaneoventris melvill1 Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 29. (Melville Island.)
Eulabeornis castaneoventris melvillensis Mathews, List Bds. Austr.,
1913, p. 23. New spelling of melvillz.
Mangrove swamps of the northern coasts of Australia from North-
West Australia to northern Queensland.

Genus HIMANTORNIS Hartiaus

Himantornis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 357. Type, by mono-
typy, Himantornis haematopus Hartlaub.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 4-7.

180 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Himantornis haematopus haematopus Hartlaub

Himantornis haematopus ‘‘Temm.” Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855,
p. 357. (Dabocrom, Gold Coast.)

West Africa from Liberia to southern Cameroon.

Himantornis haematopus petiti (Oustalet)

Psammocrex Petiti Oustalet, Le Naturaliste, 2, 1884, p. 509. (Landana,
Lower Congo.)

Gaboon and the Loango coast.

Himantornis haematopus whitesidei Sharpe

Himantornis whitesider Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, 1909, p. 19.
(Lolanga River, Upper Congo.)

Middle Congo east to the Ituri and Manyema districts. Doubtfully
distinct from petiti.!

Genus CANIRALLUS Bonaparte

Canirallus ‘“‘Hartlaub’”’ Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
43, 1856, p. 600. Type, by subsequent designation, Gallinula oculea
Hartlaub (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 72).

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 7-8.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 72-74.

Canirallus oculeus oculeus (Hartlaub)

Gallinula oculea “‘Temm.”’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 357.
(Rio Boutry, Gold Coast.)

Recorded only from Liberia and the Gold Coast.

Canirallus oculeus batesi Sharpe

Canirallus batesi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 56. (Cameroon
and French Congo, type from Rio Benito, French Congo.)

Southern Cameroon, Spanish Guinea and Gaboon, east to the Ituri
district and south at least to Lukolela on the middle Congo.

Genus MENTOCREX Prrers
Mentocrex Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zodél. Cl., 138, 1932, p. 65. Type, by

original designation and monotypy, Gallinula kioloides Pucheran.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 73-74.

Mentocrex kioloides (Pucheran)
Gallinula kioloides Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 279. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.

1 For information as to the status and ranges of the races of H. haematopus
I am indebted to Prof. Oscar Neumann and Dr. J. P. Chapin.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 181

GENus CRECOPSIS SHarpe

Crecopsis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by original
designation, C’. egregia Peters = Ortygometra (Crex) egregra Peters.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 12-14.

~~~ Crecopsis egregia (Peters)
Ortygometra (Crex) egregia Peters, Monatsb. K. Akad. Berlin, 1854,
p. 134. (Tete, Zambesi.)

Tropical Africa from Gambia east to the Red Sea and south to Damara-
land and Natal.

GENus CREX BEcuHSTEIN

Crex Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., Th. 2, 1803, p. 336. Type,
by monotypy and tautonymy, Crex pratensis Bechstein = Rallus
crex Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1838-1840.

Crex crex (Linné)
Rallus Crex Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.)
Rallus featherstonii Buller, Essay Orn. New Zealand, 1865, p. 18. (New
Zealand.)
Crex pratensis similis Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1, 1918, p. 15,
sep. pag. (Turkestan.) 1
Breeds in the British Isles, northern Europe and Asia north to about
the Arctic circle and east to central Siberia, south to the Pyrennees, north-
ern Italy, Macedonia, northern Persia, Turkestan and the Altai. Winters
chiefly in northern and eastern tropical Africa. Many instances of casual
occurrence.

Genus ANUROLIMNAS Sarre

Anurolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by orig-
inal designation, A. castaneiceps (Sclater and Salvin) = Porzana
castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin.

cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 177.

~ Anurolimnas castaneiceps (Sclater and Salvin)

Porzana castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868,
p. 453. (Rio Napo, eastern Ecuador.)

Southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador.?

1 Original not seen; so quoted in Zoological Record for 1931.
2 Porzana hauxwelli Sclater and Salvin, though placed in Anurolimnas for
many years, is in my opinion a Laterallus.

182 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GreNus LIMNOCORAX PeErers

Limnocorax Peters, Monatsb. K. Akad. Berlin, 1854, p. 157. Type, by
monotypy, Rallus niger Gmelin (not of J. F. Miller) = Gallinula
flavirostra Swainson.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 14-17.

Limnocorax flavirostra (Swainson)
Gallinula flavirostra Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 244, pl. 28.
(Senegal.)
Tropical Africa from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan, east to Somali-
land and south to Cape Province.

Genus PORZANA! ViEILLor

Porzana Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 61. Type, by monotypy and tau-
tonymy, Marouette of Buffon = Rallus porzana Linné.

Porzanoidea Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p.117. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Gallinula immaculata Swainson.

Hapalocrex Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 3. Type,
by original designation, Rallus flaviventris Boddaert.

Schoenocrex Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 197. Type, by
original designation, Porzana pusilla (Pallas) = Rallus pusillus
Pallas. (Spelled Schenoscrex in Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 7, 1930,
p. 476. In synonymy of Porzana, lapsus.)

cf. Forbush, Bds. Mass. ete., 1, 1925, p. 357-860.

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1827-1838 (less marginalis and
exquisita).

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 211-217.

Id., Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 90-93.

Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 342-345.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 11-15; 19-22;
26-27; 7, 1930, p. 476-477.

Wetmore, Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (N. Y. Acad. Sci.),
9, 1927, p. 338-339.

Porzana parva parva (Scopoli)
Rallus parvus Scopoli, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 108. (Probably
from Carniola.)
Breeds locally in eastern and southern Europe, southwestern Asia and
possibly in northwestern Africa. Winters chiefly in the Mediterranean
lands, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Sind and Baluchistan,

1 Includes the following genera recognized in Sharpe’s Hand-list: —
Porzana Vieillot, Zapornia Leach and Limnobaenus Sundeyall.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 183

Porzana parva illustris Gavrilenko
Porzana parva illustris Gavrilenko, Journ. f. Orn., 74, 1926, p. 700.
(Tarim River, Turkestan.)

Breeds from eastern Russian Turkestan to the valley of the Tarim in
western Chinese Turkestan. Doubtless winters in western India.

~——- Porzana pusilla intermedia (Hermann)
Rallus intermedius Hermann, Obs. Zool., 1804, p. 198. (Strassburg,
Germany.)

Breeds in Europe north to Holland, central Germany and Orenburg,
east to Persia; ?Angola;?Madagascar. Winters north and south of the
Sahara.

Porzana pusilla pusilla (Pallas)
Rallus pusillus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1776, p. 700.
(Dauria.)
Ortygometra auricularis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 46, 1898, p. 139.
(India.)

Breeds in central and eastern Asia from the upper Ob to Amurland
and Japan, south to: Kashmir, Mongolia, northern China and Korea;
lower Himalayas in northern India. Winters from Kashmir and the lower
Himalayas to India, Ceylon and Burma and from southern China to the
Malay Archipelago and the Philippines.

-«-« Porzana pusilla obscura Neumann
Porzana obscura Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 191. (Kibaya,
Tanganyika Territory.)
Porzana pusilla intensa Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 10, 1928,
p. 77. (Moorddrift, Transvaal.)

Eastern and southern Africa from Uganda and Somaliland to Angola,
Damaraland and Cape Province; Madagascar.

~ Porzana pusilla palustris Gould

Porzana palustris Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 139.
(Tasmania.)

Porzana pusilla fitzroyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 73.
(Derby, North-West Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Porzana pusilla affinis (J. E. Gray)
Oriygometra affinis J. E. Gray, Zool. Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds.,
1846, p. 14. (Wanganui River, North Island, New Zealand.)
New Zealand: North and South Islands, Little Barrier Island, and
Chatham Island.

184 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Porzana porzana (Linné)

Rallus Porzana Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 262. (Europe =
France, ex Brissonian reference.)

Porzana maruetita var. maculipennis Zarudny, Vog. Persiens, in Denk-
schr. Kais. Russ. Geogr. Ges., 36, no. 2, 1903, p. 73, 74. (Hastern
Persia.)

Breeds in the British Isles, Europe and western Asia, north to Norway,
Finmark and the upper Ob, south to the islands in the Mediterranean, and
to northwestern Kashmir. Winters in southern Europe, and in Africa
chiefly north of the Sahara, but south to Damaraland and Bechuanaland;
also in India from Sind to Bengal.

Porzana fluminea fluminea Gould

Porzana fluminea Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 139.
(New South Wales.)

Eastern Australia and Tasmania.

?Porzana fluminea whitei Mathews
Porzana fluminea whitet Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 73.
(Eyre’s Peninsula, South Australia.)
South-West and South Australia, doubtfully distinct.

Porzana carolina (Linné)

Rallus carolinus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. (North
America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)

Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, Manitoba,
lower St. Lawrence Valley and Nova Scotia, south to northern Lower
California, Utah, northern Missouri, southern Ohio and Maryland.
Winters from California, Arizona, Texas and Florida, south to Peru,
Venezuela and the West Indies.

Porzana spiloptera Durnford

Porzana spiloptera Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 194, pl. 3. (Belgrano,
Buenos Aires, Argentina.)

Argentina; recorded only from provinces of Buenos Aires and San Juan.

Porzana flaviventer gossii (Bonaparte)

Laterirallus gossii Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856,
p. 599. (Jamaica, based on Rallus minutus 6 Gmelin and Ortygometra
minuta Gosse.)

Islands of Cuba and Jamaica.

Porzana flaviventer hendersoni Bartsch

Porzana flaviventris hendersoni Bartsch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917,
p. 131. (Trou Caiman, Haiti.)

Islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 185

_..— Porzana flaviventer bangsi Darlington

Porzana flaviventer bangsi Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 71, 1931,
p. 372. (Cienaga, Magdalena, Colombia.)

Known only from the type locality.

-Porzana flaviventer flaviventer (Boddaert)

Rallus flaviventer Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, pl. 847.)

Locally distributed in northern South America from southwestern
Colombia to Cayenne.

Porzana albicollis typhoeca Peters

Porzana albicollis typhoeca Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 13, 1932,
p. 66. (Rio Frio, Santa Marta, Colombia.)

Tropical lowlands of the Santa Marta region of northern Colombia;
Orinoco Valley, Venezuela; British and Dutch Guiana (and probably
Cayenne); Island of Trinidad.

—.... Porzana albicollis albicollis (Vieillot)

Rallus albicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 561.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, based on a single specimen from Villa Curu-
guati del Paraguay.)

Eastern and southern Brazil; Paraguay.

Porzana fusca erythrothorax (Temminck and Schlegel)

Gallinula erythrothorax Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap.,
Aves, 1849, p. 121, pl. 78. (Japan.)

Japan; China, south to the Shan States, Siam and Cambodia.

Porzana fusca bakeri Hartert

Porzana fusca bakeri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 272. (Bhim-Tal,
Kumaon.)

Northern India from the Afghan frontier and Kashmir to Assam, south
to Bengal, Chin Hills and Arrakan.

Porzana fusca zeylonica (Stuart Baker)

Amaurornis fuscus zeylonicus Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1927, p. 73. (Ceylon.)

Southwestern India and Ceylon.

~~~ Porzana fusca fusca (Linné)
Rallus fuscus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 262. (Philippines.)

Malay Peninsula from Tenasserim and southern Siam southward;
Sumatra, Java, Flores, Borneo, Philippine Islands and Celebes.

186 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Porzana fusca phaeopyga Stejneger
Porzana phxopyga Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 394.

(Yayeyama Island, Riu Kiu Islands, Japan.)
Riu Kiu Islands.

Porzana paykullii (Ljungh)

Rallus Paykullit Ljungh, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. nya Handl., 34,
1818, p. 258, pl. 5. (Bandjarmasin, Borneo, and Batavia, Java.)

Limnobaenus tsingtauensis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 67, 1919, p. 225.
(Tsingtau, Shantung, China.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia, Amur and Ussuri regions, Korea and north-
eastern China. Winters in southern China, Borneo and Java.

Porzana olivieri Grandidier and Berlioz

Porzana Oliviert Grandidier and Berlioz, Bull. Acad. Malgache, n.s. 10,
1927 (1929), p. 83, col. pl. (Antsalova, Province of Maintirano,
western Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Porzana bicolor Walden

Porzana bicolor Walden, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 9, 1872, p. 47.
(Rungbee, Darjeeling.)

Nepal to western Szechuan, south to the Cachar Hills, Shan States,
Yunnan and Tonkin.
Porzana tabuensis filipina Hachisuka

Porzana plumbea filipina Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 2, 1932, p. 234.
(Luzon.)

Known only from the Island of Luzon, Philippine Islands.
~Porzana tabuensis immaculata (Swainson)

Gallinula immaculata Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 337.
(Tasmania.)

Porzana plumbea roberti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 446. (West
Australia.)

Porzanoidea plumbea campbelli Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 85.
(Botany Swamps, New South Wales.)

Australia and Tasmania; New Guinea.!
Porzana tabuensis plumbea (J. E. Gray)
Crex Plumbea J. BE. Gray, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3), 1829,
p. 410. (No locality; New Zealand designated by Mathews, Bds.
Austr., 1, 1911, p. 217.)

New Zealand; Chatham Islands; New Hebrides(?).

1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 122-123.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 187

Porzana tabuensis oliveri (Mathews and Iredale)

Porzanoidea plumbea oliver’ Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 2,
1914, p. 114. (Sunday Island, Kermadec Group.)

Known only from the type locality.

?Porzana tabuensis tenebrosa (G. R. Gray)
Rallus tenebrosus G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 239, note. (Norfolk Island,
based on the ‘‘ Dark Rail” of Latham, Gen. Hist. Bds., 9, p. 378.)
Supposed to inhabit Norfolk Island.!

Porzana tabuensis caledonica Brasil

Porzana tabuensis caledonica Brasil, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris,
23, 1917, p. 440. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

Porzana tabuensis vitiensis Hartlaub
Zapornia spilonota Peale (not of Gould), U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848,
p. 224. (Ovalau, Fiji Islands.)
Porzana vitiensis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 169. (New name
for Z. spilonota Peale.)
Fiji Islands.

Porzana tabuensis tabuensis (Gmelin)
Rallus tabuensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 717, no. 20.
(Tonga Tabu, Tahiti, and neighboring islands.)
Rallus tahitiensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 717, no. 23.
(Tahiti and Friendly Islands.)

Samoan, Society, Tonga, Austral and Marquesas Islands in the South
Pacific Ocean.

Genus PORZANULA FRoHAWK

Porzanula Frohawk, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 9, 1892, p. 247.
Type, by monotypy, Porzanula palmert Frohawk.

cf. Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, pt. 1, 1893, p. 9-10, col. pl.

Porzanula palmeri Frohawk

Porzanula Palmeri Frohawk, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), 9, 1892,
p. 247. (Laysan Island, lat. 25° 46’ N.; long. 171° 49’ W.)
Laysan Island, Pacific Ocean.

1 This may be an “imaginary species”; it is known only from Latham’s
description. Mathews omits it altogether in his Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe
Ids., 1928, though admitting it in his Syst. Av. Australas. the previous year.
If a form of Porzana tabuensis does or did occur on Norfolk Island, the char-
acters by which it may be distinguished from any of the other races are not
known.

188 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus PENNULA Do.s

Pennula Dole, Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1879, 1878, p. 54.
Type, by monotypy, Pennula mille: Dole.

cf. Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 137-138, pl. 26, fs. 2 and 3.

+Pennula millsi Dole

?Rallus ecaudotus (sic) King, in Cook’s Voy. Pac. Ocean, 8, 1784, p. 119.
(Hawaiian Islands.) Not Rallus ecaudatus J. F. Miller, 1783.

Pennula millet} Dole, Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1879, 1878,
p. 54. (Hawail.)

Island of Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Extinct.

+Pennula sandwichensis (Gmelin)

Rallus Sandwichensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 717. (Ha-
waiian Islands, based on the Sandwich Rail of Latham.)

Pennula Wilsoni Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., 20, 1898, p. 77. (Ha-
waiian Islands.)

Known from a single specimen in the Leyden Museum. Extinct.

Grnus NESOPHYLAX MourprxHy

Nesophylax Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 5. Type, by
original designation, Porzana atra North.

cf. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 5-7.

Nesophylax ater (North)
? Rallus nigra J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1784, pl. 50, f. B. (No locality.)?
Porzana atra North, Rec. Austr. Mus., 7, 1908, p. 31. (Henderson
Island.)
Porzana murrayi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 61.
(Henderson Island.)
Henderson Island, Paumotu Group.

Genus APHANOLIMNAS SHarpPEe

Kittlitzia Hartlaub, Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, 12, 1891, p. 391. Type,
by monotypy, Rallus monasa Kittlitz. Not Kittlitzia Hartert, 1891.

Aphanolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 20. New name for
Kittlitzia Hartlaub, preoccupied.

1 Named in honor of a Mr. Mills, the emendation of the spelling of the
specific name to mullsi is entirely justified.

2 Miller’s plate represents a wholly black rail somewhat larger than tabuen-
sis; it cannot be identified with any of the known forms of tabuensis and pos-
sibly represents the bird later named Porzana aira or at least a bird closely
allied to it.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 189

Aphanolimnas monasa (Kittlitz)
Rallus monasa Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise russ. Amerika, 2, 1858, p. 30.
(Kushai Island.)

Known only from two specimens from Kusai Island, Caroline Group.

Genus LATERALLUS G. R. Gray

Laterallus ‘‘ Pr. B.” G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 120.
Type, by monotypy, Rallus melanophaius Vieillot.!

Limnocrex Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 3. Type,
by original designation, Porzana cinereiceps Lawrence.

Thryocrecz Ridgway, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 4. Type,
by original designation, Corethrura rubra Sclater and Salvin.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 483;

19, 1932, p. 358-359.

Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 322-326.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 134-145.
Swarth, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., 18, 1931, p. 52-55.

~~ Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus (Ridgway)

_ Porzana Jamaicensis var. coturniculus ‘‘ Baird”’ Ridgway, Am. Nat.,
8, 1874, p. 111. (Farallone Islands, coast of California.)

Known to breed in the vicinity of San Diego Bay, California; the
breeding range probably extends along the Pacific coast of North America
from central California to northwestern Lower California. Winter range
not certainly known, but apparently from San Francisco Bay to San
Diego Bay.

.«-—7Laterallus jamaicensis stoddardi (Coale)
| Cresciscus (sic) jamaicensis stoddardi Coale, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 89.
(Hyde Lake, South Chicago, Illinois.)
Breeds from Minnesota, southern Ontario(?) and Massachusetts, south

to Kansas, Illinois and Florida. Winters mainly south of the United
States.

~Laterallus jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin)

Rallus jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 718. (Jamaica.)
Island of Jamaica.?

1 Replaces Creciscus Cabanis, ef. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 119-120.

2 The single specimen recorded from Cuba may be a migrant of the race of
eastern North America; specimens recorded from Puerto Rico may be refer-
able to the Jamaican form.

190 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Laterallus jamaicensis murivagans (Riley)
Creciscus murivagans Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 1916, p. 104.
(Lima, Peru.)
Littoral of Peru.

Laterallus jamaicensis salinasi (Philippi)

Rallus salinasi Philippi, An. Univ. Chile, 14, 1857, p. 180. (Chile, type
from near Santiago.)

Known definitely only from the Province of Santiago, Chile.

Laterallus spilonotus (Gould)
Zapornia spilonota Gould, in Darwin’s Zool. Voy. ‘ Beagle,’ pt. 3, 1841,
p. 182, pl. 49. (Galdpagos Archipelago, type from James Island.)
Creciscus sharpet Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 6, 1899, p. 185.
(Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)

Galapagos Archipelago: recorded from Abingdon, Narborough, Albe-
marle, James, Seymour and Indefatigable islands.

?Laterallus exilis vagans (Ridgway)
Porzana exilis vagans Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 595.
(Segovia River, Honduras.)

Known only from the Segovia and Escondido Rivers, eastern Nicaragua.
Its distinctness from the widely separated e. exilis has been questioned.

Laterallus exilis exilis (Temminck)
Rallus exilis Temminck, PI. col., livr. 88, 1831, pl. 523. (No locality,
Cayenne designated by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 90.)

Trinidad; the Guianas, northwestern Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Solimoés),
Amazonian Ecuador and Peru.

Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps (Lawrence)
Porzana cinereiceps Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 11, 1875,
p. 90. (Talamanca, Costa Rica.)
Nicaragua, northern and eastern Costa Rica, south to the Chiriqui
Lagoon in western Panama.

Laterallus albigularis albigularis (Lawrence)

Corethrura albigularis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1861, ©

p. 302. (‘Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama along the line of the
Panama Railroad.’’)

Southern Central America from southwestern Costa Rica on the
Pacific side and Veraguas, Panama, on the Caribbean, south through
western Colombia to western Ecuador (Rio de Oro), east to Santa Marta,
Colombia.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 191

Laterallus melanophaius oenops (Sclater and Salvin)
Porzana enops Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p, 161.
(Sarayacu, Ecuador.)
Tropical zone of eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador,

» Laterallus melanophaius lateralis (Lichtenstein)

Crex lateralis Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 79.
(Bahia, Brazil.)

Creciscus melanophxus macconnelli Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916,
p. 74 (in key), p. 75, pl. 3, f. 1 (Bonasica River, British Guiana.)

Northeastern South America from British Guiana to Bahia.

Laterallus melanophaius melanophaius (Vieillot)
Rallus melanophaius Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 549.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Southeastern Brazil from Rio de Janeiro south to the Argentine Chaco,
Buenos Aires and Uruguay.

Laterallus ruber tamaulipensis (Nelson)
Creciscus ruber tamaulipensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 39, 1926,
p. 105. (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.)
Known only from the marshes near the Tamesi River, southern Tamau-
lipas.
~ Laterallus ruber ruber (Sclater and Salvin)
Corethrura rubra Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860,
p. 300. (Vera Paz, Guatemala.)

Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala and British Honduras to northern Hon-
duras; Cozumel Island.

Laterallus ruber ruberrimus (Miller and Griscom)
Creciscus ruberrimus Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25, 1921,
p. 2.. (Jinotega, 3000 ft., Nicaragua.)
Known only from the type locality in north-central Nicaragua.

Laterallus levraudi (Sclater and Salvin)
Porzana levraudi Sclater and Salvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1868,
p. 452, pl. 35. (Caracas, Venezuela.)
Northern Venezuela.

Laterallus viridis brunnescens Todd
Laterallus viridis brunnescens Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, 1932,
p. 216. (El Tambor, Santander, Colombia.)
Tropical zone of Colombia west of the Eastern Andes.1

1 See Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1930, p. 252, for
discussion of the variable characters of L. viridis.

192 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Laterallus viridis viridis (P. L. S. Miller)!

Rallus viridis P. L.S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 120. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, Pl. enl. no. 368.)

Creciscus viridis subrufescens Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1902, pt. 2, p. 49. (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru.)

Eastern Peru; the Guianas south over the whole of Brazil to Matto
Grosso and Rio de Janeiro.

Laterallus hauxwelli (Sclater and Salvin)

Porzana hauxwelli Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868,
p. 453. (Ucayali, Chamicuros and Pebas, Peru. The Pebas specimen
is claimed as the type in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 89.)

Southeastern Colombia to northeastern Peru and east to the Rio Soli-
moés (Teffé) in northwestern Brazil}

Laterallus leucopyrrhus (Vieillot)

Rallus leucopyrrhus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 550.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)

Paraguay and southern Brazil south to Tucumdn, Buenos Aires and
Uruguay.

Grnus MICROPYGIA Bonaparte 2

Micropygia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 599.
Type, by monotypy,’ Micropygia schomburgi ‘‘Cab.” = Crex schom-
burgkit Schomburgk.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 70-71.

Micropygia schomburgkii schomburgkii (Richard Schomburgk)
Crex Schomburgkii ‘‘Cabanis,’’ Richard Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 2, 1848, p. 245. (Interior of British Guiana.)
Southeastern Venezuela, British and French Guiana.

Micropygia schomburgkii chapmani (Naumburg)

Thyrorhina schomburgkit chapmani Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 60, 1930, p. 72. (Morinho de Lyra, Matto Grosso, Brazil.)

Southern Matto Grosso and adjacent parts of the State of Goyaz;
Bahia(?).

1 This species placed in Anurolimnas in Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Replaces Thyrorhina Sclater and Salvin of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

3 Micropygia verreauxi Bonaparte and Micropygia sclateri Bonaparte, the
other two included species, are nomina nuda.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 193

Genus COTURNICOPS G. R. Gray

Coturnicops ‘‘Pr. B. 1854”! G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Bds.,
1855, p. 120. Type, by monotypy, Rallus noveboracensis Gmelin =
Fulica noveboracensis Gmelin.

cf. A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 98.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p 1834-1835.
Selater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 104.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 128-130.

_. Coturnicops exquisita (Swinhoe)

Porzana exquisita Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 12, 1873,
p. 376. (Cheefoo, China.)

Known to breed in southeastern Transbaikalia and southern Ussuriland;
occurs in winter or on migration in Japan, Riu Kiu Islands and in China.
~Coturnicops noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin)

Fulica noveboracensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 701. (New
York.)

Known to breed in California and North Dakota and occurs in breed-
ing season from southern Mackenzie, central Quebec and Nova Scotia
south to Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio and Massachusetts. Winters in Cali-
fornia and in the Gulf States.

Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani (Nelson)
Porzana goldmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 17, 1904, p. 151.
(Lerma, Mexico.)

Known only from the unique type, probably confined to the Valley of
Toluca, Mexico.

Coturnicops notata duncani (Chubb)

Ortygops notata duncani Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 74, pl. 3,
f. 2. (Abary River, British Guiana.)

Known only from the type locality.

Coturnicops notata notata (Gould)

Zapornia notata Gould, in Darwin’s Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle,’ pt. 3, 1841,
p. 132, pl. 48. (Rio de la Plata; the type specimen was shot on
board the ‘ Beagle.’)

Southern South America from Cérdoba and Uruguay to Patagonia.

Coturnicops ayresi macmillani (Bannerman)

Ortygops macmillant Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1911, p. 38.
(Charada, 6000 ft., southwestern Ethiopia.)

Known only from the type.

1 This name is a nomen nudum at its first appearance in Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool. (4), 1, 1854, p. 150.

194 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Coturnicops ayresi ayresi Gurney
Coturnicops ayrest Gurney, Ibis, 1877, p. 352, pl. 7. (Transvaal, type
from Potchefstroom.)

Southeastern Africa from southern Transvaal to eastern Cape Province
and western Natal.

Genus NEOCREX SciuatTerR AND SALVIN

Neocrex Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 457.
Type, by monotypy, Porzana erythrops Sclater.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 163-164.

Neocrex erythrops erythrops (Sclater)
Porzana erythrops Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 348, pl. 21.
(Lima, Peru.)
Range imperfectly known: recorded from Peru, the Brazilian states
of Matto Grosso, Paré and Bahia, and from near the city of Tucumdén,
Argentina.

Neocrex erythrops columbianus Bangs
Neocrex columbianus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 171.
(Palomina, Santa Marta, Colombia.)
Neocrex uniformis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 369. (Pambildr, San
Javier, Ecuador.)
Santa Marta region of northern Colombia and humid Pacific coast
region of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.
Neocrex erythrops olivascens Chubb
Neocrex erythrops olivascens Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1917, p. 33.
(Venezuela.)
Venezuela; distribution imperfectly known.

GEeNus SAROTHRURA HEINE

Sarothrura Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn.,
1890, p. 319. New name for Corethrura Reichenbach, 1853 (not
Corethrura Gray, 1846.) Type, by original designation, Gallinula
jardinei A. Smith = Alecthelia lineata Swainson.

cf. Bannerman, Ibis, 1921, p. 112-120.

Id., Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 20-28.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 286-290.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Althiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 104-107.

Sarothrura rufa bonapartii (Bonaparte)
Corethrura bonaparti: ‘‘ Hartl.”’ Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 43, 1856, p. 599. (No locality given = Gaboon.)

Sierra Leone to Cameroon and Gaboon.

& FAMILY RALLIDAE 195

Sarothrura rufa ansorgei van Someren
Sarothrura rufa ansorget van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919,
p. 20. (Duque de Braganza, Angola.)
Angola.

—.... _ Sarothrura rufa elizabethae van Someren

Sarothrura rufa elizabethe van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919,
p. 20. (Kakamegoes, Kavirondo &, and Kisumu, Kenya Colony @.)

Northern Ituri district and Uganda, east to Mt. Elgon and Kisumu.

- Sarothrura rufa rufa (Vieillot)
Rallus rufus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 564. (Africa.)
South Africa north to the Transvaal.

Sarothrura lugeus (Béhm)

Crex lugeus (sic) Bohm, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884, p. 176. (Ugalla Country,
interior of Tanganyika Territory.)

Faradje, in northeastern Belgian Congo and the Ugalla district in
Tanganyika Territory.

Sarothrura pulchra cinnamomea (Lesson)
Rallus cinnamomeus Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 99. (Casamance.)
3 i Gambia and Portuguese Guinea.
~~'~Sarothrura pulchra pulchra (J. EH. Gray)

Crea Pulchra J. 1. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3), 1829,
p. 410, col. pl. (No locality = Sierra Leone, ex Latham, Gen. Hist.
Bds., 9, p. 379, no. 16.)

Sierra Leone to Nigeria.

Sarothrura pulchra tibatiensis Bannerman

Sarothrura pulchra tubatiensis Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1922,
p. 5. (Plain below Ribao, 3000 ft., northwestern Cameroon high-
lands.)

Highlands of western Cameroon between 3000 and 4600 ft.

~ ~=Sarothrura pulchra zenkeri Neumann

Sarothrura pulchra zenkeri Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908,
p. 45. (Bipindi, southern Cameroon.)

Bipindi district, southern Cameroon.

~~ Sarothrura pulchra centralis Neumann

Sarothrura pulchra centralis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908,
p. 45. (Mswa, west shore of Lake Albert.)

196 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sarothrura pulchra batesi Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1922,
p. 7. (Bitye, River Ja, southern Cameroon.)
Southern Cameroon and the Belgian Congo east to Uganda and the
highlands of Kenya Colony, south to Angola.

Sarothrura elegans buryi Ogilvie-Grant
Sarothrura buryi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 93.
(Dubar, Wagga Mts., Somaliland.)

Known only from the unique type.

Sarothrura elegans reichenovi (Sharpe)

Corethrura reichenovt Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 121.
(Cameroon = Buea, Cameroon Mt., ex Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn.,
1892, p. 178.)

Cameroon; the birds recorded under the name of reichenovt from Lake

Albert and from Uganda may belong to an undescribed race.

Sarothrura elegans loringi Mearns
Sarothrura loringt Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, no. 13, 1915, p. 8.
(West side of Mt. Kenya at 8500 ft., Kenya Colony.)

Known only from the type locality.

Sarothrura elegans languens Friedmann
Sarothrura elegans languens Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 10,
1928, p. 68. (Near Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.)

Known only from the unique type.

Sarothrura elegans elegans (A. Smith)
Gallinula elegans A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves, 1839, pl. 22. (Near
Durban, Natal.)
Coastlands of extreme southeastern Africa from Durban to Knysna.

Sarothrura béhmi danei Bannerman
Sarothrura bohmi danei Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 3.
(At sea lat. 10° N., long. 15° 30’ W., off the coast of French Guinea.)

Range unknown, only the unique type exists.

Sarothrura béhmi béhmi Reichenow
Sarothrura béhmi Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 272 (in key), p. 290.
(Likulwe [River, Katanga, Belgian Congo].)
Sarothrura somerent Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 8.
(Machakos, Kenya Colony.)
Southeastern Cameroon to northern and eastern Belgian Congo and
Kenya Colony.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 197

Sarothrura antonii Madardsz and Neumann

Sarothrura antonit Madarész and Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911,
p. 186. (Ndassekera, on the Kenya Colony-Tanganyika Territory
border.)

Known only from the type

Sarothrura lineata (Swainson)

Alecthelia lineata Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 338.
(South Africa.)

Southeastern Africa from Nyasaland to Cape Province.

~ Sarothrura insularis (Sharpe)

Corethrura insularis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 400.
(Nossivola, Madagascar.)

Madagascar.

Sarothrura watersi (Bartlett)

Zapornia watersi Bartlett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879 (1880), p. 772,
pl. 63. (Southeast Betsileo Country, Madagascar.)

Known only from Betsileo and the Massif of Tsaratanana, Madagascar.

Genus AENIGMATOLIMNAS Pertrrs

Aenigmatolimnas Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Cl., 18, 1932, p. 64.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Porzana marginalis
Hartlaub.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 17-19.

- Aenigmatolimnas marginalis (Hartlaub)

Porzana marginalis Hartlaub, Syst. Orn. West-Afr., 1857, p. 241.
(Gaboon.)
Recorded from a number of scattered localities in Africa from Biskra
to Cape Province and from the island of Aldabra..!

GreNnus POLIOLIMNAS SuHarpr

Poliolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by orig-
inal designation, P. cinereus (V.) = Porphyrio cinereus Vieillot.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 263-265.
Rensch, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 467-468.
Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 53-55.

1 For the reasons for and against believing this species to be a Palaearctic
breeding bird that winters in Africa, see Bannerman, supra, and Hartert, Vog.
pal. Fauna, 3, p. 1833-1834.

198 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-Poliolimnas cinereus cinereus (Vieillot)
Porphyrio cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 29. (No
locality. Java designated by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 219.)
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Kangean.

Poliolimnas cinereus collingwoodi Mathews

Porzana cinerea ocularis Ingram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1911, p. 22.
(Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, Grallae
etc., p. 119, where a nomen nudum.)

Poliolimnas cinereus collingwoodi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46,
1926, p. 60. (New name for ocularis Ingram ‘‘preoccupied as a
synonym of cinereus Vieillot.’’)

Marianne, Caroline and Pelew Islands, Philippines, Talaut Islands,

Celebes, Dampier.

Poliolimnas cinereus brevipes (Ingram)
Porzana cinerea brevipes Ingram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1911, p. 21.
(Sulphur Island, Bonin Group, 2.e. Iwotima Island, Vulcan Islands.)

Twotima and Dionisio islands of the Vulcan Islands.

Poliolimnas cinereus meeki (Hartert)
Porzana cinerea meeki Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 263. (St. Mat-
thias Island.)
St. Matthias (or Mussau) Island, N. N. W. of New Hanover, Bismarck
Archipelago.

?Poliolimnas cinereus minimus (Schlegel)
Erythra cinerea minima Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 5, 1865, Ralli, p. 34.
(Outanata, southwestern New Guinea, ex Bonaparte, Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856, p. 600, where a nomen nudum.)

New Hanover, New Ireland, New Guinea. (Doubtfully distinct from
leucophrys.)

Poliolimnas cinereus moluccanus Mathews
Poliolimnas cinereus moluccanus Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926,
p. 60. (Mt. Fogi, Buru.)
Wetar, Timor, Savu, the Moluccas, Key Islands.

Poliolimnas cinereus leucophrys (Gould)
Porzana leucophrys Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 33. (Port
Essington, Northern Territory.)
Porzana cinerea parryt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec.,1, 1912, p. 73. (Parry’s
Creek, North-West Australia.)
Northern Australia.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 199

Poliolimnas cinereus tannensis (J. R. Forster)

Rallus tannensis J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 275.
(Tanna Island.)

Poliolimnas cinereus ingrami Brasil, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris,
23, 1917, p. 487. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji Islands and Samoa Islands.

Genus PORPHYRIOPS PucHERAN
Porphyriops Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 278. Type, by original
designation, Pulica crassirostris J. KE. Gray.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 182-183.

’ Porphyriops melancps bogotensis Chapman

Porphyriops melanops bogotensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
33, 1914, p. 169. (Savanna of Bogotd, Colombia.)

Confined to the Bogota Savanna, Colombia.

Porphyriops melanops melanops (Vieillot)
Rallus melanops Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 28, 1819, p. 553.
(Paraguay.)
Kastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay, Uruguay
-—and northern Argentina south to Cérdoba and Buenos Aires provinces.
Porphyriops melanops crassirostris (J. E. Gray)

Fulica crassirostris J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3),
1829, p. 542! and plate. (South America; the type agrees with speci-
mens from Chile.)?

Central Chile from Province of Coquimbo to Province of Llanquihue.

Grenus TRIBONYX DuBus

Tribonyx DuBus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles, 7, 1840, pt. 1, p. 212.
Type, by monotypy, Tribonyx mortiertz DuBus.
Microtribonyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 29. Type, by
original designation, 1. ventralis (Gould) = Gallinula ventralis Gould.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 221-229.

~ Tribonyx ventralis ventralis (Gould)
Gallinula ventralis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836 (1837), p. 85.
(Swan River, West Australia.)
South-West Australia.

1 The species is called Thick-billed Coot in the text; the plate, however, bears
the binomial name given above.

2 Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 359-361.

200 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

?Tribonyx ventralis territorii Mathews
Tribonyx ventralis territoria Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 195.
(Alexandra, Northern Territory.)
North-West Australia, Northern Territory.!

?Tribonyx ventralis whitei Mathews
Tribonyx ventralis whitet Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 194. (Never-
tire, New South Wales.)
New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.!

Tribonyx mortierii DuBus
Tribonyxz Mortierii DuBus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles, 7, 1840,
pt. 1, p. 214 and pl. (‘‘ Nouvelle Hollande ”’ = Tasmania.)

Tasmania.

Genus AMAURORNIS ReEIcHENBACH

Amaurornis Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xxi. Type,
by original designation, Gallinula olivacea Meyen.
(nolimnas Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 28. Type, by orig-
inal designation, @. isabellinus (Schl.) = Rallina isabellina Schlegel.
cf. Delacour, Ois. Indochine Frang., 1, 1931, p. 219-220; 221-222.
La Touche, Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 3, 1932, p. 282-284.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 234-235.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 75-77.
Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 2, 1898, p. 708-713.
Siebers, Treubia, 7, Suppl., 1930, p. 195-201.
Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 303-305.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 22-26.

Amaurornis akool akool (Sykes)
Rallus Akool Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 164.
(Deccan.)
Northern India from Kashmir to western Assam, south to the South
Deccan and Bengal.

Amaurornis akool coccineipes (Slater)
Gallinula (Amaurornis) coccineipes Slater, Ibis, 1891, p. 44. (Swatow,
Kwangtung, China.)
Southeastern China and northeastern Indochina.

~~ Amaurornis olivacea olivacea (Meyen)

Gallinula olivacea Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16,
Suppl. 1, 1834, p. 109, pl. 20. (Manila.)

Philippines.

1 Doubtfully distinct from T. v. ventralis.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 201

——, Amaurornis olivacea moluccana (Wallace)

Porzana moluccana Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 480.
(Amboina and Ternate, Moluccas.)

Islands of Sangir and Siao; the northern and southern Moluccas.

Amaurornis olivacea frankii (Schlegel)

Gallinula Frankii Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 1, 1879, p. 163. (‘‘ East-
ern coast of the north west peninsula of New Guinea,” 7.e. Berau
Peninsula.)

New Guinea.

~ Amaurornis olivacea nigrifrons (Hartert)

Gallinula (Amaurornis) olivacea mgrifrons Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926,
p. 172. (Witu Island, north of New Britain.)

Witu Island, New Britain, Duke of York Islands, New Hanover, and
probably also New Ireland and the Solomon Islands.

~~>~ Amaurornis olivacea ruficrissa (Gould)

Gallinula ruficrissa Gould, Bds. Austr., Suppl., pt. 5, 1869, pl. [79] and
text. (Cape River, Queensland.)

Gallinula moluccana yorkt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 194.
(Cape York, Queensland.)

Northern Territory and North Queensland.

-Amaurornis isabellina (Schlegel)

Rallina isabellina Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 5, Ralli, 1865, p. 16. (Goron-
talo, Celebes.)

Celebes.

~= Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus (Pennant)
Gallinula phoenicurus Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p. 10, pl. 9. (Ceylon.)
Southern Travancore and Ceylon.

Amaurornis phoenicurus insularis Sharpe
Amaurornis insularis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 162.
(Andaman Islands and Nicobars.)
Andamans and Nicobars.

___-Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis (Boddaert)
Fulica chinensis Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (China, ex
Daubenton, pl. 896, restricted to Hongkong by Stresemann, Nov.
Zool., 20, 1913, p. 304.)
Greater part of India (except Travancore) east through Assam and the
Shan States and over the southern half of China, south to Malacca and
Cambodia; islands of Formosa and Hainan.

202 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

____-Amaurornis phoenicurus javanica (Horsfield)
Gallinula Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 196. (Java.)
Amaurornis phoenicura cleptea Oberholser, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60, no. 7,
1912, p. 2. (Mojeia River, Nias Island.) !
Sumatra and islands off its southwestern coast, Java, Bali, Kangean,
Banka, Borneo, Natuna Islands, Philippines, Sangir and Talaut Islands.

____Amaurornis phoenicurus leucomelana (S. Miiller)

Gallinula leucomelana S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Ned., Land-en Vol-
kenk., pt. 4, 1842, p. 158, note. (Timor.)
Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor,
Wetar, Damar, Roma); Djampea,? Celebes,? Buton,? Tukangbesi Islands,?
and Buru ASN

Grnus GALLICREX BuiytH

\

Gallicrex Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc., 1849 (1852), p. 283. Type, by
monotypy, G. cristatus = Fulica cinerea Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1844-1845.

Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin)
Fulica cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 702. (China, ex
Latham.)
India and Ceylon east through Assam to southern and eastern China,
Korea, Japan (north to Hondo), south to the Malay Peninsula, Indochina,
Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and Celebes.

Grenus GALLINULA Brisson

Gallinula Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 50; 6, p. 2. Type, by tautonymy,
Gallinula Brisson = Fulica chloropus Linné.

cf. Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zodl. Cl., 5, 1915, p. 93-99.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 32-36.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1840-1844.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 232-233.
Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 2, 1898, p. 713-717.
Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., 9, 1927, p. 343-345.

1 Riley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 75, art. 4, 1929, p. 8-9, upholds cleptea on
the grounds that it is larger than javanica; the measurements published by
Riley, op. cit., 64, art. 16, 1924, p. 22, and by Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913,
p. 304-305, do not support this claim.

2 Specimens from these islands not typical, but nearer leucomelana than to
javanica.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 203

~————~Gallinula tenebrosa frontata Wallace
Gallinula frontata Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 35. (Buru.)

Southeastern Borneo, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Celebes, Buru,
Amboina, Ceram, southern New Guinea.!

Gallinula tenebrosa neumanni Hartert
Gallinula tenebrosa neumanni Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 123.
(Ifaar, Sentani Lakes, New Guinea.)
Known only from the Sentani Lakes in northern New Guinea.

~~~ Gallinula tenebrosa tenebrosa Gould

Gallinula tenebrosa Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 22, 1846, pl. 14 (= 6, pl. 73
of bound volume). (South Australia.)

Gallinula tenebrosa magnirostris Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 195.
(Guilford, West Australia.)

Gallinula tenebrosa subfrontata Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 195.
(Richmond River, New South Wales.)

Australia.

Gallinula chloropus correiana Murphy and Chapin
Gallinula chloropus correiana Murphy and Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no.
384, 1929, p. 7. (Terceira Island, Azores.)
Azores; known definitely only from Terceira Island and Fayal.

Gallinula chloropus chloropus (Linné)

Fulica Chloropus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. (Europe;

restricted type locality, England, ex reference to Albin.)

Gallinula chloropus turkestanica Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1,

1918, p. 15, sep. pag. (Turkestan.)?

Breeds in the British Isles, Europe and western Asia from Norway,
Finland and north-central Russia south to the Atlas countries, Egypt
(including the islands in the Mediterranean), Mesopotamia and Turkes-
tan. Migratory in the northern part of its breeding range, wintering
south to the Sudan and Arabia.

-Gallinula chloropus indica Blyth
Gallinula chloropus? var. indicus Blyth,? Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 11,
1842, p. 887. (Calcutta.)
Kashmir, southern Tibet, southern and eastern China and Japan, south
to southern India, Ceylon, Burma, central Malay Peninsula, Cambodia,
Hainan (?), Formosa and the Riu Kiu Islands.

1 Apparently the bird from southern New Guinea is not newmannt, but
whether it is the same as frontata has yet to be settled.

2 Original not seen; so quoted in Zoological Record for 1931.

8 This name has priority over Gallinula parvifrons Blyth, 1843.

Q04 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsfield

Gallinula orientalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 195.
(Java.)

Southern Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Kangean, Bali,
Lombok, Sumbawa and Celebes.1

Gallinula chloropus lozanoi Lletget

Gallinula chloropus lozanoi Lletget, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 18,
1918, p. 76, text fig., p. 77. (Luzon, Philippine Islands.)

Philippine Islands.

Gallinula chloropus guami Hartert

Gallinula chloropus guami Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 268. (Guam,
Marianne Islands.)

Marianne Islands.

Gallinula chloropus brachyptera (C. L. Brehm)
Stagnicola brachyptera C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 331. (Middle
Africa.)
Africa from Senegal, northern Nigeria and Ethiopia south to Cape
Province; islands of Sio Thomé and Annobon in the Gulf of Guinea.

~Gallinula chloropus seychellarum Hartert

Gallinula chloropus seychellarum Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921,
p. 18438. (Ile Aride, Seychelles.)

meyenelle Islands.

Gallinula ehlgeapue aise ak A. Newton

Gallinula pyrrhorrhoa A. Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 19.
(Mauritius. )

Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius.

Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis Streets
Gallinula sandvicensis Streets, Ibis, 1877, p. 25. (Oahu, Hawaiian
Islands.)

Hawaiian Islands.

Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs

Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl. 5,
1915, p. 96. (Arbuckle Creek, De Soto County, Florida.)

1 The description of Gallinula lepida Briiggemann, Abh. naturw. Ver.
Bremen, 5, 1877, p. 91 (locality unknown but presumably from Celebes or the
Sangir Islands), might apply to either orzentalis, lozanoi or guamz but the meas-
urements more nearly approximate those of Gallinula angulata. Its identity
could be settled by an examination of the type in the Darmstadt Museum.

t

FAMILY RALLIDAE 205

Gallinula chloropus ceniralis Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no.
25, 1921, p. 38. (12 miles south of Metapa, central Nicaragua.)

Breeds from central California, Arizona, Nebraska, Minnesota, southern
Ontario, New York and Vermont, south to southern Lower California,
Mexico (and locally to Panama), the Gulf coast and Florida; Bermuda,
Galipagos Islands. Migratory in the northern part of its range.

Gallinula chloropus cerceris Bangs

Gallinula galeata cerceris Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodél. Cl., 4, 1910,
p. 81. (Island of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.)!

Gallinula chloropus portoricensts Danforth, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 560. (Car-
tagena Lagoon, Puerto Rico.)

Greater and Lesser Antilles.

~ Gallinula chloropus pauxilla Bangs

Gallinula chloropus pauxilla Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 5, 1915,
p. 96. (Guabinas, Rio Cauca, western Colombia.)

Northern and western Colombia, western Ecuador and littoral of
northwestern Peru.

Gallinula chloropus galeata (Lichtenstein)
Crex galeata Lichtenstein, Verz. Saugeth. und Vég. Berliner Mus., 1818,
p. 36. (Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Island of Trinidad; the Guianas south over Brazil (except northwestern)
to northern Argentina (provinces of Tucumdn and Buenos Aires) and
Uruguay.

Gallinula chloropus garmani Allen

Gallinula Garmani Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 3, 1876, p. 357. (Lake
Titicaca, Peru.)

Highlands (above 10,000 feet) of Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and
northwestern Argentina.

~ Gallinula angulata Sundevall

Gallinula angulata Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850 (1851),
p. 110. (Lower Caffraria, i.e. Natal, type from the Umlazi River.)

Africa from Senegal, northern Nigeria and the Egyptian Sudan south
to Cape Province.

Grnus PORPHYRIORNIS ALLEN
Porphyriornis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, 1892, p. 57. Type,
by original designation, Porphyriornis comeri Allen.
cf. W. Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 108-109.
1 The type is a peculiarly colored example, but a second specimen is not

different from birds from the rest of the West Indies; these in turn differ
slightly from cachinnans as pointed out by Wetmore, antea, p. 344.

206 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

}Porphyriornis nesiotis (Sclater)
Gallinula nesiotis P. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 261, pl. 30.
(Tristan da Cunha.)

Formerly confined to the Island of Tristan da Cunha. Now extinct.

Porphyriornis comeri Allen
Porphyriornis comeri Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, 1892, p. 57.
(Gough Island.)
Confined to Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Genus PAREUDIASTES Harriavus ANpD FINnscH

Pareudiastes Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 25.
Type, by monotypy, Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 166.

Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch

Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1871, p. 25, pl. 2. (Savaii, Samoan Islands.)

Known only from the Samoan Islands. Now possibly extinct.

GEeNus PORPHYRULA BuytH

Porphyrula Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc., 1849 (1852), p. 283. Type,
by monotypy, P. chloronotus Blyth = Porphyrio alleni Thomson.!
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 30-32.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 23, 1894, p. 187-192.

Porphyrula alleni (Thomson)

Porphyrio Allent Thomson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 10, 1842, p. 204.
(Idda, Niger River.)

Africa from Senegal and the southern Egyptian Sudan south to Cape
Province; Madagascar. Numerous instances of casual occurrence on
islands in the western Indian Ocean, Gulf of Guinea, and southern Europe.

Porphyrula martinica (Linné)
Fulica martinica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 259. (Martinique,
West Indies.)

Breeds from Texas, Louisiana, southern Alabama and South Carolina
south through Mexico and the West Indies to Peru, northern and eastern
Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul. Migratory in the northern part of its
range in the United States.

1 Includes Ionornis. I prefer to unite alleni, martinica and parva in a single
genus as Sharpe did; the only other alternative is to place each species in a
monotypic genus (the names are already available). The latter course lays
undue emphasis on minor external structural differences that do not seem to
me to be of generic significance.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 207

Porphyrula parva (Boddaert)

Fulica parva Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54, (Cayenne, ex
Daubenton, no. 897.) Not Fulica parva Pennant, in Forster, Ind.
Zool., 1781, p. 44, nomen nudum.

Fulica flavirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 699. (Cayenne,
same basis as Boddaert’s name.)

The Guianas, northern and central Brazil in states of Pard, Matto

Grosso, Goyaz and Minas Geraés; Paraguay.

Genus PORPHYRIO Brisson

Porphyrio Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 522. Type, by tautonymy,
Porphyrio Brisson = Fulica porphyrio Linné.

Kenirophorina Mathews, Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe Ids., 1928, p. 6.
Type, by monotypy, Fulica alba White.

cf. Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl., 7, 1928, p. 158.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1845-1849.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 105-108.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 236-254.

Porphyrio porphyrio (Linné)!
Fulica Porphyrio Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. (Asia,
America = lands bordering the western Mediterranean Sea.)

Now confined to southern Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunis;
Sardinia and Sicily. Formerly occurred on the Balearic Islands, Malta
and perhaps in Greece.

Porphyrio madagascariensis aegyptiacus Heuglin
Porphyrio egyptiacus Heuglin, Syst. Uebers., 1856, p. 65. (Egypt.) ?

Senegal, Lake Chad, Egypt and the lake region of southern Ethiopia.

—Porphyrio madagascariensis madagascariensis (Latham)

Gallinula madagascariensis Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl., 1801, p. Ixviii.
(Madagascar.)

Eastern and southern Africa from Damaraland and the east African
lake region south to Cape Province; Madagascar.

1 This must stand as the name of the bird usually known as Porphyrio
caeruleus (Vandelli). Fulica porphyrio Linné certainly does not apply to the
King Reed-hen of tropical Africa as has already been pointed out by Hartert,
but Hartert was wrong in rejecting the name in favor of caeruleus simply be-
cause the first reference under porphyrio quoted by Linné did not apply. The
references to Albin and Edwards are unmistakable and serve as definite, posi-
tive elements to identify the name.

2 Professor Neumann, 7n litt., informs me that this is a valid form.

208 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Porphyrio poliocephalus seistanicus Zarudny and Harms
Porphyrio poliocephalus seistanicus Zarudny and Harms, Journ. f. Orn.,
59, 1911, p. 240. (Seistan, eastern Persia.)
Porphyrio poliocephalus caspius Hartert, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 266.
(Caspian Sea, type from Lenkoran.)
Shores of the Caspian Sea, Lake of Antioch in Syria, Mesopotamia,
eastern Persia, western Turkestan and possibly Afghanistan.

Porphyrio poliocephalus poliocephalus (Latham)
Gallinula poliocephala Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xvii. (India.)
India and Burma, south to Ceylon and Tenasserim.

~Porphyrio poliocephalus viridis Begbie

Porphyrio viridis Begbie, The Malay Peninsula, 1834, p. 2. (Malacca.)
Porphyrio Edwardsi Elliot, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), 1, 1878, p. 98.
(Cochinchina and Siam.)
Malay Peninsula, central Siam and Laos, south to Singapore and Cam-
bodia.
Porphyrio poliocephalus indicus Horsfield
Porphyrio Indicus Horsfield,! Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 194. (Java.)
Porphyrio bemmeleni Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 11, 1889, p. 192.
(Lake Toba, Sumatra.)
Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Borneo.
_Porphyrio poliocephalus palliatus Briggemann
Porphyrio indicus Horsf. var. palliatus Briiggemann, Abh. naturwiss.
Ver. Bremen, 5, 1876, p. 89. (Celebes.)
Celebes.

Porphyrio poliocephalus melanopterus Bonaparte

Porphyrio melanopterus ‘‘Temm.” Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 599. (No locality, but types are from Ceram.)
Moluccas, New Guinea and Papuan Islands.

Porphyrio poliocephalus pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch
Porphyrio melanotus Temm. var. pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 107. (Pelew Islands.)

Pelew Islands.
Porphyrio poliocephalus ellioti Salvadori
Porphyrio ellioti Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 14, 1879, p. 1168.
(Admiralty Islands.)
Admiralty Islands.

1 Replaces Porphyrio calvus Vieillot, vide Hartert, 1924.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 209

Porphyrio poliocephalus neobritannicus A. B. Meyer

Porphyrio neobritannicus A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1890-
1891 (1891), no. 4, p. 15. (New Britain.)

New Britain.

Porphyrio poliocephalus mertoni Berlepsch
Porphyrio mertont Berlepsch, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., 34, 1913,
p. 498. (Elat, Great Key Island.)

Timor and the Key Islands.

=~ Porphyrio poliocephalus melanotus Temminck

Porphyrio melanotus Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 2, 1820, p. 701.
(New South Wales.)

Porphyrio melanotus neomelanotus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 237
(in key), p. 246. (Wyndham, North-West Australia.)

Australia (except southwestern).

Porphyrio poliocephalus bellus Gould

Porphyrio bellus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 176.
(Western Australia, type from Albany, fide Mathews, infra.)

Porphyrio melanotus woodwardi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 29. (Monger’s Lake, West Australia.)

South-West Australia.

~ Porphyrio poliocephalus fletcherae Mathews

Porphyrio melanotus fletchere Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 237 Gn
key), p. 248. (Tasmania.)

Tasmania.

---—- Porphyrio poliocephalus stanleyi Rowley

Porphyrio stanleyi Rowley, Orn. Misc., 1, 1875, p. 37. (New Zealand,
based on an albino.)

New Zealand.

Porphyrio poliocephalus chathamensis Forbes
Porphyrio chathamensis Forbes, Ibis, 1893, p. 531. (Chatham Islands.)
Chatham Islands.

_——Porphyrio poliocephalus caledonicus F. Sarasin

Porphyrio calvus caledonicus F. Sarasin, Nova Caledonia, A., Zool., 1,
livr. 1, 1918, p. 62. (New Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

= Porphyrio poliocephalus aneiteumensis Tristram

Porphyrio aneiteumensis Tristram, Ibis, 1876, p. 265. (Aneiteum, New
Hebrides.)

New Hebrides.

210 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Porphyrio poliocephalus vitiensis Peale
Porphyrio vitiensis Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 221. (Fiji
Islands.)
Fiji Islands.

Porphyrio poliocephalus samoensis Peale
Porphyrio poliocephalus samoensis Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848,
p. 220. (Island of Upolu, Samoan Group.)
Samoan Islands.

{Porphyrio albus (White)
Fulica alba White, Journ. Voy. New South Wales, 1790, p. 238. (Lord
Howe Island.)
Porphyrio rapert Mathews, Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe Ids., 1928, p. 6.
(Name for an unpublished drawing by George Raper, described I. c.)

Lord Howe Island. Extinct.

Porphyrio pulverulentus Temminck
Porphyrio pulverulentus Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 68, 1826, pl. 405.
(South Africa, error = Philippines.)
Philippines (Luzon, Bohol, Mindanao, Mindoro) and Talaut Islands
(where straggler?).

Genus NOTORNIS Owrn

Notornis Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 2. Type, by diagnosis,
Notornis mantelli Owen.

Mantellornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 249. Type, by original
designation, Notornis hochstettert A. B. Meyer.

cf. Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 141-142.

{Notornis mantelli Owen

Notornis Mantelli Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 3, 1848, p. 347, pl.
56, figs. 7-13. (Type a skull from volcanic sand deposits near Wain-
gongoro, South Island, New Zealand.)

Notornis Hochstettert A. B. Meyer, Abbild. Vog. Skelett., Lief. 4 and 5,
1883, p. 28, pl. 34-37. (Bare-patch Plains, east of Lake Te Anau,
South Island, New Zealand.)}

New Zealand. Extinct.

1 Forbes, Nature, 112, 1923, p. 762, writes that mantellz based on a skull is
the same as hochstetteri based on skin and skeleton.

FAMILY RALLIDAE Q11

SuBraMity FULICINAE

Genus FULICA Linné

Fulica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. Type, by tautonymy,
Fulica atra Linné (Fulica, prebinomial specific name in synonymy).

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1850-1853.

Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 362-
367.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 256-258.
Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, etc., pt. 3, 1900, p. 245-246.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 329-330.
Wetmore, Sci.Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., 9, 1927, p. 346-348.
Id., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 118-121.

—<«Fylica atra atra Linné

Fulica atra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. (Europe, restricted

type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.)

Fulica stenoleuca Peckelhoff, Orn. Monatsschr., 39, 1914, p. 288. (Ger-

many.)

Fulica atra turkestanica Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1, 1918,

p. 15, sep. pag. (Turkestan.)!

Breeds over the greater part of Europe and Asia south to northern
Africa, Asia Minor, India, and southern China; Azores; Iceland. Mi-
gratory in the northern part of its breeding range and occurring in winter
south to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Arabia, Java, and Celebes.

-~ Fulica atra australis Gould

Fulica Australis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 2. (Western
Australia.)

Fulica tasmanica Grant, Tasm. Journ. Sci., 2, 1845, p. 310. (Tasmania.)

Fulica atra ingrami Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 196. (Alexandra,
Northern Territory.)?

Northwestern New Guinea, Australia and Tasmania.

~ Fulica cristata Gmelin

Fulica cristata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 704. (Madagascar.)

Tropical Africa (except western) from Ethiopia to Cape Province;
Madagascar. Believed to have bred formerly in the Iberian Peninsula and
Morocco.

1 Original not seen; so quoted in Zoological Record for 1931.
2 Mathews has recognized three Australian races of F. atra since 1912, but
has never pointed out the characters by which they may be distinguished.

212 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Fulica americana alai Peale
Fulica alai Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 224. (Hawaiian
Islands.)

Hawaiian Islands.

Fulica americana americana Gmelin
Fulica americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 704. (North
America.)

Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central
Saskatchewan, Ontario, southern Quebec and New Brunswick, south to
southern Lower California, Tamaulipas, Arkansas, Tennessee and New
Jersey; breeds also sporadically in Florida, southern Mexico, Guatemala,
and Nicaragua. Winters from the southern half of its breeding range
south to Panama and the West Indies (at least to the northern Greater
Antilles).

Fulica americana grenadensis Riley

Fulica americana grenadensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 1916,
p. 103. (Ile de Rhonde, Grenada, West Indies.)

Grenada, the Grenadines and Jamaica.

Fulica americana columbiana Chapman

Fulica americana columbiana Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33,
1914, p. 170. (La Herrera, north of Bogoté, Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia.)

Temperate zone of the Andes from the Bogota region of Colombia to
northern Ecuador. Wy |
Fulica -ardesiaca Tchudt pia

Fulica ardesiaca Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1843, p. 389. (Lake

Junin, Peru.)

Temperate and Puna zones of the Andes from Ecuador to Bolivia and
northern Chile.
Fulica armillata Vieillot

Fulica armillata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 12, 1817, p. 47.
(Paraguay.)
Southern South America from provinces of Coquimbo, Chile, Tucuman,
Argentina, Paraguay and State of Sdo Paulo, Brazil, south to Tierra del
Fuego.

Fulica caribaea Ridgway

Fulica caribea Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 7, 1884, p. 358. (Gua-
deloupe and St. John, West Indies; type from St. John, Virgin
Islands.)

1 Danforth, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 482.

FAMILY RALLIDAE 213

Fulica caribaea major Danforth, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 561. (Cartagena
Lagoon, Puerto Rico.)
West Indies: known from Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. John, Antigua,
Barbuda, Anguilla, Guadeloupe and Carriacou.

~~ Fulica leucoptera Vieillot
Fulica leucoptera Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 12, 1817, p. 48.
(Paraguay.)
Southern South America from northern Chile, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay,
and extreme southern Brazil, south to Tierra del Fuego.

Fulica rufifrons Philippi and Landbeck
Tulica (sic) rufifrons Philippi and Landbeck, An. Univ. Chile, 19, 1861,
p. 507. (Chile.)
Southern South America from Coquimbo, Chile and Tucuman, Argen-
tina, and Uruguay, south to Concepcién and Chubiit; State of Sao Paulo,
Brazil; Falkland Islands.

- Fulica gigantea Eydoux and Souleyet
Fulcia (sic) gigantea Eydoux and Souleyet, Voy. ‘ La Bonite,’ Zool., 1,
1841, p. 102, Atlas, Ois., pl. 8. (Peru.)
Puna zone of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile.

_— Fulica cornuta Bonaparte

Fulica cornuta Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 37, 1853,
p. 925. (Bolivia, type from Potosi.)

Known only from a few localities, all above 13000 feet, in Bolivia,
northern Chile and northwestern Argentina.

SuBORDER HELIORNITHES
Famity HELIORNITHIDAE

GENus PODICA LeEsson

Podica Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 596. Type, by monotypy,
Heliornis senegalensis Vieillot.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 36-40.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 96-98.

~~ Podica senegalensis senegalensis (Vieillot)
Heliornis senegalensis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 277.
(Senegal.)
West Africa from Senegal to Nigeria and in the Uelle and Ituri districts
of the Belgian Congo.

Q14 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Podica senegalensis camerunensis Sjéstedt

Podica camerunensis Sjéstedt, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 42. (Bonge,
Cameroon Mountain.)

Podica jacobi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 54, 1906, p. 325. (Cameroon.)
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea and Gaboon, east to the middle Congo River
and Stanley Falls.
Podica senegalenis albipectus Stresemann

Podica senegalensis albipectus Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 97.
(Chinchoxo, Loango Coast.)

Loango Coast.

Podica senegalensis petersii Hartlaub

Podica Petersii Hartlaub, Abh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 2, Abth. 2,
1852, p. 62. (Mozambique.)

Eastern Africa from the Tana River to Natal and the eastern part of
Cape Province, probably also southern Angola.

Grnus HELIOPAIS SHARPE

Heliopais Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 37. Type, by original
designation, Podica personata G. R. Gray.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 36-38.

Heliopais personata (G. R. Gray)

Podica personata G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848 (1849),
p. 90. (Malacca.)

Bengal, eastern Assam, Burma, and the Malay States; Sumatra.

GreNnus HELIORNIS BoNnNATERRE

Heliornis Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1791, p. Ixxxiv,
64. Type, by monotypy, Heliornis fulicarius Bonnaterre = Colym-
bus fulica Boddaert.

cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 330-331.

Heliornis fulica (Boddaert)
Colymbus fulica Boddaert, Table P]. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Cayenne, ex
Daubenton, pl. 893.)
Southern Vera Cruz south to Peru, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina,
and southeastern Brazil (Sao Paulo).

FAMILY EURYPYGIDAE Q15

SUBORDER RHYNOCHETI

Famity RHYNOCHETIDAE

GENus RHYNOCHETOS VeErRREAUX AND Des Murs

Rhynochetos J. Verreaux and Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 12,
1860, p. 439.1 Type, by monotypy, Rhynochetos jubatus Verreaux and
Des Murs.

cf. Brasil, in Wytsman’s Gen. Avium, pt. 21, 1913, p. 1-3 and col. pl.

“<< Rhynochetos jubatus J. Verreaux and Des Murs

Rhynochetos jubatus J. Verreaux and Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2),
12, 1860, p. 440, pl. 21. (New Caledonia.)

Confined to New Caledonia. Now threatened with extinction.

SUBORDER EURYPYGAE

Famity EURYPYGIDAE

GrENnus EURYPYGA ILLIGER

Eurypyga Mliger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 257. Type, by monotypy, Ardea
helias Pallas.

cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 142-144.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1903, p. 334-335.

= Eurypyga helias major Hartlaub

Eurypyga major Hartlaub, Syst. Verz. Mus. Bremen, Végel, 1844, p. 108.
(Colombia.)?

Guatemala (Caribbean slope) over tropical Central America south
through Colombia (west of the eastern Andes) to Ecuador (east to San
José and Sarayacu).

Eurypyga helias meridionalis Berlepsch and Stolzmann

Eurypyga major meridionalis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proce. Zool. Soe.
London, 1902, vol. 2, p. 50. (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru.)

South-central Peru.

1 This is the original spelling. The name, however, is almost universally
written Rhinochetus.

2 This name just escapes being a nomen nudum at its first appearance; the
only diagnosis reads, ‘‘ Wir fiithren diese durch Griésse und Farbung deutlich
verschiedene Art unter der vorliufigen Benennung von £. major [lapsus! =
helias] auf... .”

216 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eurypyga helias helias (Pallas)
Ardea helias Pallas, Neue Nord. Beytr., 2, 1781, p. 48, pl. 3. (Surinam.)

Venezuela, eastern Ecuador (Rio Curaray), northeastern Peru and east-
ern Bolivia, eastward through the Guianas and northern Brazil, south to
central Matto Grosso, southern Goyaz and Piauhy.

SuBORDER 4bhororbhact
Famity $hororhactdae
Famity Brontornithidae
Famity ®pisthodactplidae
SuBORDER CARIAMAE
Famity Bathornithidae
Famity Hermogiornidae
Famity CARIAMIDAE

Genus CARIAMA Brisson

Cariama Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 516. Type, by monotypy,
Cariama = Palamedea cristata Linné.

cf. Reichenow, Die Vogel, 1, 1913, p. 231-232.

Cariama cristata (Linné)
Palamedea cristata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 232. (North-
eastern Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)
Tableland of Brazil from Matto Grosso and Piauhy south to north-
western Argentina (Province of Salta) and Paraguay.

Genus CHUNGA Hartiaus

Chunga ‘“‘ Burmeister” Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 335.
Type, by monotypy, Dicholophus burmeistert Hartlaub.

cf. Reichenow, Die Végel, 1, 1913, p. 231-232.

Chunga burmeisteri (Hartlaub)
Dicholophus burmeistert Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 335.
(Provinces of Tucumd4n and Catamarca, Argentina.)
Northwestern Argentina in provinces of Jujuy, Tucum4n, Santiago del
Estero and Cérdoba.

FAMILY OTIDAE Q17

SuBORDER OTIDES

Famity OTIDAE
GreNnus TETRAX T. Forster

Tetrax T. Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Bds., 1817, p. 20. Type, by taut-
onymy, Otis tetrax Linné.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1803-1806.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 62-64.

Tetrax tetrax tetrax (Linné)
Otis Tetrax Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. (Europe, restricted
type locality, France, apud Hartert.)

Northwestern France south over the Iberian Peninsula to Morocco,
northern and middle Algeria and Tunisia.

~ Tetrax tetrax orientalis (Hartert)

Otis tetrax orientalis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 23, 1916, p. 339, pl. 2. (Sarepta,

southern Russia.)

Breeds in eastern Europe and western Asia from Poland, Ukrainia,
Saratov, Orenberg, Tomsk, and Zaissan Nor, south to Greece, the Black
Sea, Transcaspia and Afghanistan. Migratory in the northern part of
its breeding range to winter quarters in Syria, Mesopotamia and north-
western India. Many instances of occurrence in central and southern
Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, northern Egypt and north-
western China.

Genus OTIS LInN&é
Otis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. Type, by subsequent

designation, Otis tarda Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 64.)
cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1799-1803.

~ Otis tarda tarda Linné
Otis Tarda Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. (Poland.)

Central and southern Europe and western Asia from the Iberian Penin-
sula, France, Poland, central Russia, Turgai and Lake Chani, south to the
Mediterranean Sea, Asia Minor and the Altai.

Otis tarda korejewi Zarudny

Otis tarda korejewi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 13, 1905, p. 163. (Semi-
retchensk, Turkestan.)

Semiretchensk, the middle Tian Shan and Ala-tau.t

1 Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 60, considers this
form inseparable from dybowskit.

218 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Otis tarda dybowskii Taczanowski
Otis Dybowskit Taczanowski, Journ. f. Orn., 22, 1874, p. 831. (Dauria.)
Breeds from the southeastern Altai, Transbaikalia and the Amur region

south to northern Mongolia, Manchuria and Ussuriland. Winters in
China, Korea and Japan; casual in northern India.

Genus NEOTIS SHarpPe

Neotis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 50. Type, by original
designation, Neotis ludwigt (Ripp.) = Otis ludwigit Rippell.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 53-59.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 244-248.
Sclater, Bds. 8. Afr., 4, 1906, p. 298-302.
Id., Syst. Av. AXthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 112-113.

Neotis cafra denhami (Children)

Otis Denhami Anonymous = Children, in Denham and Clapperton’s
Travels, 1826, app., p. 199. (No locality given = neighborhood of
Lake Chad, fide Sclater, 1924, p. 113.)

Northern tropical Africa from Futa Jalon and Sierra Leone east to the
Bahr el Ghazal and south to Gold Coast, northern Cameroon and the
Uelle district.

Neotis cafra jacksoni Bannerman

Neotis cafra jacksoni Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1930, p. 60.
(Amala [or Mara] River, Kenya Colony.)

Uganda and Kenya Colony through the inland districts of Tanganyika
Territory and northern Rhodesia to Lake Bangweolo; Mossamedes dis-
trict of Angola.

Neotis cafra cafra (Lichtenstein)

Otis cafra Lichtenstein, Cat. Rer. Rariss. Hamburg, 1793, p. 36. (Kaf-
firlands = Kingwilliamstown district, Cape Colony.)

Cape Province north to the high veld of the Transvaal.

Neotis ludwigii (Riippell)

Otis Ludwigii Riippell, Mus. Senckenb., 2, 1837, p. 223, pl. 14. (South
Africa.)

South Africa from Hereroland, southern Transvaal and upper Natal,
southward.

Neotis burchellii (Heuglin)

Eupodotis Burchellii ‘“P. Wirt.” Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 15, 1867,
p. 301. (Jebel Dul, south of Sennaar.)

Unique.

FAMILY OTIDAE 219

Neotis nuba (Cretzschmar)

Otis Nuba Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas, 1826, Vég., p. 1, pl. 1.
(Kurgos, near Shendi, Sudan.)

Sudanese arid belt of northern tropical Africa from Air and Zinder east
to the Red Sea Province and south to Kordofan.

Neotis heuglinii (Hartlaub)

Otis heugliniz Hartlaub, Ibis, 1859, p. 344, pl. 11. (Near the wells of
Thushha, between Zeila and Harar.)

Somaliland from the Gulf of Tajura to British Jubaland.

Genus CHORIOTIS G. R. Gray!

Choriotis ‘‘Pr. B.” G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 109.
Type, by original designation, Otis arabs Linné.

Austrotis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 12. Type, by original
designation, Otis australis J. KE. Gray.

cf. Bannerman, Ibis, 1930, p. 429-434.
Id., Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 51-53.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 142-145.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 363-370.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 242-244.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 64-66.

Choriotis arabs lynesi Bannerman

Choriotis arabs lynest Bannerman, Ibis, 1930, p. 432. (Camp Boulhaut,
Sidi Ben Sliman, 30 miles southeast of Rabat, Morocco.)

Northwestern Morocco, between the Atlas Mountains and the coast.

Choriotis arabs stieberi (Neumann)

Otis arabs stvebert Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 307. (Kusseri,
Shari River.)

Northern tropical Africa from eastern Gambia to Kordofan, south to
the Ivory Coast hinterland.
Choriotis arabs butleri Bannerman

Choriotis arabs butleri Bannerman, Ibis, 1930, p. 433. (Renk, White

Nile.)

Upper White Nile from Renk south to the Bahr el Zeraf and west to
Lake No.
Choriotis arabs arabs (Linné)

Otis arabs Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 154. (‘‘ In oriente,” based
on the Arabian Bustard of Edwards’ ‘ Natural History of Birds,’ p. 12,

1 Replaces Eupodotis of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

220 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

pl. 12; the specimen figured by Edwards was brought from Mocha,
Arabia.)
African Red Sea coast from Red Sea Province to western British
Somaliland, south to the Harar Mts.; southern Arabia.

Choriotis kori struthiunculus (Neumann)
Otis kori struthiunculus Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 306.
(Lake Zwai, Ethiopia.)
Otis adolfi-friederici Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 306. (Mara
River, Kenya Colony.)
Hawash and Harar districts of Ethiopia, south through Kenya Colony
and Jubaland to Uganda and central Tanganyika Territory.

Choriotis kori kori (Burchell)
Otis Kori Burchell, Trav. S. Afr., 1, 1822, p. 393, note. (Confluence of
the Vaal and Orange Rivers.)
Confined to the high veld of Africa south of the Zambesi.

Choriotis nigriceps (Vigors)
Otis nigriceps Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-1831
(2 March, 1831), p. 35. (Himalayas.)
Otis Edwardsii J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 9,2 Dec.,
1831, pl. 59. (No locality.)
India from Punjab south to the Bombay Deccan and from Sind east to
the Jumna River.

Choriotis australis (J. E. Gray)

Ottis Australis J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3), 1829,
p. 305. (New South Wales.)

Choriotis australis derbyt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 226. (Derby,
North-West Australia.)

Austrotis australis melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1915, p. 51.
(Melville Island.)

Australia.

GrNnus CHLAMYDOTIS Lesson!

Chlamydotis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 47. Type, by monotypy, Otis
houbara Desfontaines = Psophia undulata Jacquin.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1808-1811.

Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae (Rothschild and Hartert)

Houbara fuertaventurae Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 1, 1894,
p. 689. (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands.)
Canary Islands: confined to Fuerteventura and Lanzarote.

1 Replaces Houbara Bonaparte of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY OTIDAE 22]

——~Chlamydotis undulata undulata (Jacquin)

Psophia undulata Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Vég., 1784, p. 24, pl. 9. (Based

on an aviary specimen brought from Tripoli.)

Northern Sahara and the high plateau between the northern and
southern Atlas ranges (absent from Morocco), east to the Nile Valley and
south at least to Kharga. Post-breeding stragglers occur in the Mediter-
ranean countries.

Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii (J. E. Gray)
Otts Macqueenn J. EK. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Ill. Ind. Zool., 2, pt. 12,
1832, pl. 47. (Himalayas.)

Breeds from the Syrian Desert, southeastern Transcaucasia, and Trans-
caspia, north to about lat. 51° in Turgai and Turkestan, east to Zaissan
Nor, south to the Sinai Peninsula, Arabia, eastern Persia and Baluchistan.
Winters chiefly in Palestine, Arabia, northwestern India and Egypt.

Genus LOPHOTIS RetcHenspacu

Lophotis Reichenbach, Syn. Av., no. 3, Gallinaceae, 1848, pl. 256, f. 2175.
Type, by monotypy, Otis ruficrista A. Smith.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 62-64.
Friedmann, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 148-150.
Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 252-254.

Lophotis savilei Lynes

Lophotis savilei Lynes, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 51. (Nahud,

western Kordofan.)

Probably ranges from Senegal and Gambia south to northern Nigeria,
eastward through the African ‘‘ thorn-scrub Savanna” to Darfur and
western Kordofan; no specimens exist other than from the two last named
dependencies and Nigeria.

Lophotis ruficrista hilgerti (Neumann)

Otis ruficrista hilgertu Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 308. (Dabab,
northern Somaliland.)

Northern and central Somaliland.

Lophotis ruficrista gindiana (Oustalet)

Eupodotis Gindiana Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), 5, 1881,
p. 164. (East Africa between Somaliland and Zanzibar.)

Southern Somaliland, south through the coastlands of Kenya Colony
to the Pangani River.
~~~ Lophotis ruficrista ruficrista (A. Smith)

Ottis ruficrista A. Smith, Rep. Exp. Expl. Centr. Afr., 1836, p. 56. (Near
Latakoo, Bechuanaland.)

South Africa, from Benguella on the west and the Zambesi Valley on the
east, south to the Orange River.

999 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus AFROTIS G. R. Gray!

Afrotis ‘“‘ Pr. B.”’ G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds,, 1855, p. 109.
Type, by original designation, Otis afra Gmelin = Otis atra Linné.

cf. de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, 1932, p. 173-174.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 254-256.

Afrotis atra etoschae (Grote)
Eupodotis afroides etoschae Grote, Journ. f. Orn., 70, 1922, p. 41, in text,
p. 42, orig. descr. (Okankwego, Ovampoland.)
Northern part of the South-West African Protectorate.

?Afrotis atra mababiensis Roberts
Afrotis afraoides mababiensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932,
p. 23. (Mababe Flats, Ngamiland.)
Region about Lake Ngami. Doubtfully distinct from etoschae.

~Afrotis atra afraoides (A. Smith)
Otis Afraoides A. Smith, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-1831
(1831), p. 11. (Flats near the Orange River.)
Afrotis afraoides damarensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 11, 1926,
p. 220. (Omutako Flats, north of Okahandja, Damaraland.)
Afrotis afraoides centralis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 23.
(Ventersberg district, Cape Province.)
Damaraland, Bechuanaland and the Transvaal south to the Orange
River.

Afrotis atra atra (Linné)
Otis atra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 264. (Ethiopia = Cape
of Good Hope.)
Western half of Cape Province south of the Orange River.

Afrotis atra kalaharica Roberts
Afrotis afraoides kalaharica Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1982, p. 28.
(Gomodimo Pan, Central Kalahari.)
Kalahari Desert.

GreNnus EUPODOTIS Lesson ?

Eupodotis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 47. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Otis rhaad Riippell not of Gmelin = Otis senegalensis Vieillot.
(Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 64.)

1 Replaces Compsotis Heine of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
2 Replaces Trachelotis Reichenbach of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY OTIDAE 293

Heterotetrax Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 28, 1894, p. 283 (in key),
p. 296. New name for Heterotis Sharpe 1893, not of Ehrenburg 1836.
Type, by original designation, Otis vigorstz A. Smith.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 59-61.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 145-147.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 248-252.

Sciater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 113-114.
Eupodotis vigorsii scolopacea (Temminck)

Otis scolopacea Temminck, PI. col., livr. 97, 1835, pl. 576. (Interior of
Africa.) ?

Southern Africa from southeastern Great Namaqualand and Bechuana-

land to the western parts of Cape Province.
—.. Eupodotis vigorsii vigorsii (A. Smith)

Otis Vigorsit A. Smith, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-1831
(1831), p. 11. (South Africa.)

Transvaal and the central districts of Cape Province.

Eupodotis riippellii riippellii (Wahlberg)

Otis Riippelii (sic) Wahlberg, Ofv. K. Vet-Akad. Férh., 13, 1856, p. 174.
(Damaraland, type from Onanis.)?

Eupodotis alleni de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, 1930,
p. 427. (Spitz Koppje, 15 miles west of Usakos, South-West African
Protectorate.)

Heterotetrax riippellii namaqua Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1952,
p. 24. (Gibeon, South-West Africa.)

Southwestern Africa from Benguella to Great, Namaqualand.
?Eupodotis riippellii orangensis (Roberts)

Heterotetrax riippellit orangensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932,
p. 24. (Putzonderwater, west of Kenhardt, Cape Province.)

Known only from the type locality.

Eupodotis humilis (Blyth)

Sypheotides humilis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 24, 1856, p. 305.
(Somaliland.)

Northern Somaliland from Berbera, eastward.

Eupodotis senegalensis senegalensis (Vieillot)

Otis Senegalensis Vieillot, Tabl. Eneye. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1820, p. 333.
(Senegal.)
Africa from Senegal and Casamanse east across Upper Guinea, Darfur,
and Kordofan to the Nile Valley and western Ethiopia.

1 T can see no trenchant characters of generic value which could justify the
continued separation of Eupodotis and Heterotetrax.

2 Prof. Neumann, 2n litt., informs me that this is a valid race.

3 Cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, no. 1, 1926, p. 99.

Q24 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eupodotis senegalensis barrowii (J. E. Gray)
Otis Barrowit J. EH. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 8 (Aves, 3), 1829,
p. 304. (Cape of Good Hope.)

South Africa from Bechuanaland, the Transvaal, and Zululand south
to the central parts of Cape Province.

Eupodotis senegalensis somaliensis (Erlanger)
Otis canicollis somaliensis Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 58, 1905, p. 82, pl. 2,
f. 2. (Metaker, Ennia-Gallaland.)

Ethiopia and Somaliland south through the dry inland parts of Kenya
Colony to the Mara [Amala] River.

Eupodotis senegalensis canicollis (Reichenow)
Otis canicollis Reichenow, Orn. Centralbl., 6, 1881, p. 79. (Berdera,
Juba River.)
Otis canicollis erlangerit Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 3, Nachtr., 1905, p. 802.
(New name for Otis canicollis Reichenow.)

Coastal districts of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory south to
Ugogo.

Eupodotis caerulesens (Vieillot)
Otis Cxrulesens (sic) Vieillot, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1820,
p. 334. (Kaffraria.)
Otis ferox A. Smith, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-1831 (1831),
p. 11. (“Country toward Latakoo.”’)

Southern Transvaal, Upper Natal, Orange Free State, and Cape Prov-
ince.

Genus LISSOTIS RErIcHENBACH

Lissotis Reichenbach, Syn. Av., no. 3, 1848, gallinaceae, p. [6], pl.
CCLIII, figs. 2160-63. Type, by subsequent designation, Otis mel-
anogaster Riippell (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 109).

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 64-67.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 256-260.

Lissotis melanogaster melanogaster (Riippell)
Otis melanogaster Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1835, p. 16, pl. 7.
(Lake Tsana, Ethiopia.)
Lissotis lovati Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 39. (Bilo,
Ethiopia.)
Africa from Senegal, the upper White Nile and Ethiopia south to Angola
and the Zambesi River.

FAMILY OTIDAE 9925

Lissotis melanogaster notophila Oberholser

Lissotis notophila Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 28, 1905, p. 836.
(Based on Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 455-456, fig. 11; ‘‘ Durban,
Natal, may be considered the type locality.’’)

Lissotis melanogaster major Bannerman, Ibis, 1930, p. 485. (Umfolosi
Station, Zululand.)
Southeastern Africa south of the Zambesi.

Lissotis hartlaubii (Heuglin)
Otis Hartlaubit Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 10. (Eastern
Sennaar.)
Sennaar district of the Egyptian Sudan to Somaliland and south to
northern Uganda, Kenya Colony and central Tanganyika Territory.

GENUS HOUBAROPSIS SuHarpe

Houbaropsis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 50. Type, by
original designation, Houbaropsis bengalensis (Gmelin) = Otis ben-
galensis Gmelin.

cf. Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frang., 1, 1931, p. 199-200,
pl. 3.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 71-73; 8, 1930,
p. 489.

Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis (Gmelin)
Otis bengalensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 724. (Bengal.)

Northern India from the Kumaon Terai east through Bengal and Assam
and south to Chittagong.

Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini Delacour

Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49,
1928, p. 49. (Su-Vu, Province of Soairieng, Cambodia.)

Known only from the Province of Soairieng in Cambodia, where the
bird occurs in the spring and autumn dry months. Breeding range not
known.

GENus SYPHEOTIDES Lesson

Sypheotides Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 47. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Otis aurita Latham = Otis indica J. F. Miller (G. R. Gray,
List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 64).

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 68-71; 8, 1930,
p. 488-489.

- Sypheotides indica (J. F. Miller)

Otis indica J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1782, pl. 33. (India.)

Greater part of the Indian Peninsula.

296 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ORDER Diatrpmiformes
Famity Dtatrpmidae
Famity @astornithidae

OrpER CHARADRITFORMES
SUBORDER CHARADRII
SUPERFAMILY JACANOIDEA
Famity JACANIDAE!

GreNnus MICROPARRA CaBaAnis

Microparra Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 25, 1877, p. 349. Type, by original
designation, Parra capensis A. Smith.
cf. Selater, in Stark and Sclater, Fauna 8. Afr., Bds., 4, 1906, p. 341-
342.

Microparra capensis (A. Smith)
Parra capensis A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, 1839, pl. 32 and text.
(Near Algoa Bay.)
Fastern Africa from the upper White Nile south through Uganda,
Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland to Natal and Cape Province.

Genus ACTOPHILORNIS OBERHOLSER

Actophilus Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 202. New
name to replace Phyllopezus Sharpe 1896, preoccupied by Phyllo-
pezus Peters 1877 (Reptilia). Type, by original designation, Parra
africana Gmelin.

Actophilornis Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 90. New
name to replace Actophilus Oberholser 1899, preoccupied by Acto-
philus Agassiz 1846 (emendation of Actephilus Stephens 1833,
Coleoptera). .

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 76-80.

Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 76-79.

Actophilornis africana (Gmelin)
Parra africana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 709. (Africa, re-
stricted to Ethiopia by Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 59.)
The entire Ethiopian region from the Senegal River east to the Egyptian
Sudan and south to Cape Province.

1 Taxonomic characters of the family Jacanidae, Lowe, Ibis, 1931, p. 550.
Lowe would remove this family from the Charadriiformes and place it in the
Gruiformes.

FAMILY JACANIDAE 227

* Actophilornis albinucha (I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire)

Parra albinucha 1. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Mag. Zool., 2, 1832, cl. 2, pl.
6 and text. (Madagascar.)

Madagascar.
Genus IREDIPARRA Martuews!

Irediparra Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1911, p. 7. Type, by original
designation, Parra gallinacea Temminck.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1980, p. 119-120.

-— Irediparra gallinacea gallinacea (Temminck)
Parra gallinacea Temminck, PI. col., livr. 78, 1828, pl. 464. (Menado,
Celebes.)
Trediparra gallinacea nakamurai Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 2, 1932,
p. 261. (Mindanao.)?
Southeastern Borneo, Mindanao, Celebes, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba,
Timor, Buru, Key Islands.

Irediparra gallinacea novae-guinae (Ramsay)
Parra nove-guine Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, 1878,
p. 298. (25 miles west of Port Moresby, New Guinea.)
Misol, New Guinea and the Aru Islands.

Irediparra gallinacea novachollandiae (Salvadori)
Hydralector novae hollandiae Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e Mol., 3, 1882, p. 309.
(Australia.)
Trediparra gallinacea rothschildi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 224.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)

Trediparra gallinacea melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 73. (Melville Island, Northern Territory.)

Northern and eastern Australia.

Genus HYDROPHASIANUS WacLeR

Hydrophasianus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 279. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Parra chinensis Auct. = Tringa chirurgus Scopoli.

Diplopteryx Gloger, Hand und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 447.
Type, by original designation, Parra chinensis.

1 Replaces Hydralector Wagler of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 The mensural differences upon which Hachisuka bases this name are due
to sexual variation; a series of twelve specimens from Mindanao in the M.C.Z.,
males and females, measure wing 115-137; tarsus 55-63; middle toe without
claw 47-60 mm. Hachisuka gives for Mindanao birds wing 117-119; tarsus
55-62; middle toe 53-56.

298 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hydrophasis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 68 (in key),
p. 69. Substitute name for Hydrophasianus Wagler.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 41-48; 7,
1930, p. 483.
Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli)
Tringa ChirurgusScopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 92.
(‘In nova Guiana” = Luzon, ex Sonnerat.)

All of India from Kashmir east to southern China and Formosa, south
to Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Java, Cambodia and the Philippine Islands.

Genus METOPIDIUS Wacter

Metopidius Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 279. Type, by subsequent
designation, Parra aenea Cuvier = Parra indica Latham. (Gray,
List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 71.)

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 39-41; 7, 1930,
p. 482-483.

Metopidius indicus (Latham)
Parra indica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 765. (India.)

India, Burma and southern Annam, south to the Malay Peninsula and
Cambodia; Java; Sumatra. (Erroneously attributed to Celebes.)

Genus JACANA Brisson

Jacana Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 121. Type, by tautonymy,
Jacana Brisson = Parra jacana Linné.

Asarcia Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 68 (in key), p. 86.
Type, by monotypy, Parra variabilis Auct., not Parra variabilis
Linné = Fulica spinosa Linné.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 489-
490.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 81-88.
Todd, Ann. Carn. Mus., 10, 1916, p. 217-220.

Jacana spinosa gymnostoma (Wagler)
Parra gymnostoma Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1831, col. 517. (Mexico.)
Tropical Mexico from Sinaloa on the west and the lower Rio Grande
Valley on the east, south to Yucatan.!

Jacana spinosa violacea (Cory)
Parra violacea Cory, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 6, 1881, p. 130. (Haiti,
type from Gantier.)
Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.!
1 The characters separating these are very slight and extremely variable;
it is doubtful whether the two forms should be maintained as distinct from
J. s. spinosa.

FAMILY JACANIDAE Q29

-. Jacana spinosa spinosa (Linné)

Fulica spinosa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. (South
America ex Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., p. 48, pl. 48. ‘‘ I was told it
was brought from Carthagena. . . .”” Error = Panama, substituted
as type locality by Todd, antea, p. 219.)!

Central America from Guatemala and British Honduras south to ex-
treme western Panama.

Jacana spinosa hypomelaena (G. R. Gray)
Parra hypomelena G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, p. 589, pl. CLIX.
(No locality.)?
Panama from Veraguas eastward; northern Colombia east to the Santa
Marta region and south up the Magdalena Valley.

~ Jacana spinosa melanopygia (Sclater)

Parra melanopygia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856 (1857), p. 283.
(Santa Marta, Colombia. Error, the type could not have come from
there, cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 225.)

Known from the Cauea Valley in western Colombia and from the region
about Lake Maracaibo, western Venezuela.

Jacana spinosa intermedia (Sclater)

Parra intermedia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856 (1857), p. 282.
(Venezuela.)

Northern Venezuela.

Jacana spinosa jacana (Linné)
Parra Jacana Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,1, 1766, p. 259. (South America,
Surinam accepted as type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 304.)
Parra ngra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 708. (Brazil, based on
‘‘ Jacana tertia species ’’ of Marcgrave.)
Island of Trinidad; the Guianas, south over the greater part of Brazil
and eastern Bolivia to Argentina (provinces of Cérdoba and Buenos
Aires) and Uruguay.

Jacana spinosa scapularis Chapman
Jacana scapularis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit. no. 31, 1922, p. 3.
(Chone, Province of Manavi, Ecuador.)
Tropical zone of western Ecuador.

1 Todd’s choice of type locality is unfortunate; this form occurs in Panama
only in the extreme western part whence it is most unlikely that a specimen
could have been received in Edwards’ time.

2 Replaces Parra nigra Gmelin, not applicable.

230 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Jacana spinosa peruviana Zimmer
Jacana spinosa peruviana Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool.
Ser., 17, 1930, p. 253. (Masisea, lower Ucayali River, Peru.)
Lower Ucayali and probably adjacent parts of upper Amazonia.!

SupERFAMILY CHARADRIOIDEA

Famity ROSTRATULIDAE?
Genus ROSTRATULA VixEILLotT
Rostratula Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 56. Type, by monotypy, Bécas-
sine de Madagascar, Buffon = Rallus benghalensis Linné.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1871-1874.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1918, p. 8306-311.
Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis (Linné)
Rallus benghalensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. (Asia.)

Africa south of the Sahara to Cape Province; Egypt; Madagascar;
southern Asia from Asia Minor through Persia to southern and eastern
China, and Japan, south to Arabia, Sind, all of India, Ceylon, Malay
Peninsula, and Cambodia; Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Java.

Rostratula benghalensis australis (Gould)
Rhynchea Australis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, Descr. New
Species Australian Bds., p. 6. (New South Wales.)

Rostratula australis fitzroyt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 85.
(Fitzroy River, North-West Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Genus NYCTICRYPHES WeEtTMORE AND PETERS

Nycticryphes Wetmore and Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 36, 1923,
p. 143. Type, by original designation, Totanus semi-collaris Vieillot.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 690-692.

Nycticryphes semi-collaris (Vieillot)

Totanus sémi-collaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 6, 1816, p. 402.
(Paraguay, ex Azara no. 405.)

Central provinces of Chile, Argentina south to Rio Negro Territory,
Paraguay and Uruguay.®

1 The birds recorded as intermedia by Mrs. Naumburg from the Rio
Solimoés doubtless belong here.

2 For the characters of this family see Lowe, Ibis, 1932, p. 507-530.

3 The records from Peru, Straits of Magellan and Sado Paulo are probably
erroneous, according to Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 19,
1932, p. 392, note.

FAMILY HAEMATOPODIDAE 231

Famity HAEMATOPODIDAE
GEeNus HAEMATOPUS Linné

Hematopus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. Type, by mono-
typy, Haematopus ostralegus Linné.

Prohzmatopus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 12. Type, by original
designation, Haematopus quoyt Brabourne and Chubb = Haematopus
ater Vieillot and Oudart.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1675-1680.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1918, p. 11-30.
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 194, 1925, p. 2-15.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 276-279.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 26-42.
Salomonsen, Ibis, 1930, p. 56-66.
Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 71-77.

‘Haematopus ostralegus bachmani Audubon

Scolopax nigra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 659. (Islands be-
tween northern Asia and America.) Not Scolopax nigra Meuschen
1783.

Hexmatopus Bachmani Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 4, 1838, pl. 427,
f. 1. (Mouth of the Columbia River.)

Breeds in the Aleutian Islands and on the west coast of North America

from the Alaska Peninsula south to the Pacifie coast of central Lower
California. Winters from southern Alaska to Lower California.

Haematopus ostralegus frazari Brewster
Hezmatopus frazart Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 84. (Carmen Island,
Gulf of California.)
Both coasts of the southern half of the Lower California Peninsula, in-
cluding the adjacent islands; west coast of Mexico south to Jalisco.

Haematopus ostralegus palliatus Temminck

Hematopus palliatus Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 2, 1820, p. 532.
(South America, restricted to Venezuela by Brabourne and Chubb,
Bds. South Am., 1912, p. 37.)

Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North and South America from Virginia
to Brazil; the West Indies (except Bahama Islands); Pacific coast of
America from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Bay of Panama, and
Colombia.

Haematopus ostralegus prattii Maynard

Haematopus pratiii Maynard, App. to Cat. West Ind. Bds., 1899, p. 34.
(Flemmings Key, Bahama Islands.)

Bahama Islands.

232 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Haematopus ostralegus galapagensis Ridgway
Hematopus galapagensis Ridgway, Auk, 3, 1886, p. 331. (Chatham
Island, Galapagos.)
Gal&pagos Archipelago.

Haematopus ostralegus pitanay Murphy
Hezmatopus palliatus pitanay Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 194, 1925,
p. 1. (Pisco Bay, Peru.)
Pacific coast of South America from the Gulf of Guayaquil to Chiloé
Island.

Haematopus ostralegus durnfordi Sharpe
Haematopus durnfordi Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 107
(in key), p. 117, pl. 6. (Tambo Point, mouth of Chubut River,
Patagonia.)
Atlantic coast of southern South America from southern Brazil or Uru-
guay to Chubitt.

Haematopus ostralegus malacophaga Salomonsen

Hzmatopus ostralegus malacophaga Salomonsen, Ibis, 1930, p. 58.
(Thorsa, Iceland.)

Resident on Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

Haematopus ostralegus occidentalis Neumann
Hezmatopus ostralegus occidentalis Neumann, Die gefiederte Welt, Heft
14, 1929, p. 161. (Holland, England: no type specimen designated,
but subsequently selected type from Auskerry, Orkney Islands.)*

British Isles.

Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus Linné
Hematopus Ostralegus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 152. (Europe
and America = Oland, from first reference.)

Breeds on the coasts of Europe east to Arkhangelsk and south to north-
western Spain and the Baltic Sea; coasts of Macedonia, Asia Minor, the
Black and Caspian Seas. Winters in the British Isles, borders of the
Mediterranean and Red Seas, African coasts to Senegambia and Mozam-
bique.

Haematopus ostralegus longipes Buturlin

Haematopus ostralegus longipes Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 1, 1910, p. 36.
(Alei River, district of Zmeinogorsk, Gouv. Tomsk, and Lenkoran.)

Haematopus ostralegus borysthenicus Charlemagne (or Scharlemann),
Trav. Orn. Soc. Kieff [= Kiev], 1, 1913, p. 1, 2. (Dnieper River.)

Breeds on the inland waters of southern and eastern Russia and western
Siberia from Kiev, Tver, Kostroma, eastern Vologda and the lower Ob,

1 Neumann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1932, p. 148.

FAMILY HAEMATOPODIDAE 233

south to the northern coast of the Black Sea, the Caucasus, Transcaspia,
Aral Sea, Tarbagatai and Cis-Altai Steppes. Winter range not well
worked out.
Haematopus ostralegus osculans Swinhoe
Hematopus osculans Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 405.
(North China.)

Breeds on the coasts (and probably some of the larger rivers) of north-
eastern Asia from eastern Siberia, Kamchatka and the Commander
Islands, south to Korea, northern China and Japan. Winters south to
southern China, northern Burma and Bengal.!

Haematopus ostralegus meade-waldoi Bannerman
Hematopus niger meade-waldoi Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31,
1913, p. 33. (Jandia, Fuerteventura, eastern Canary Islands.)
Resident on the eastern Canary Islands.

_ Haematopus ostralegus moquini Bonaparte

Hematopus moquint Bonaparte,? Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48,
1856, p. 1020. (Africa.)

Coasts and islands of South Africa from Walfish Bay to Natal.

~ Haematopus ostralegus longirostris Vieillot
Haematopus longirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 15, 1817,
p. 410. (‘‘Australasie” = New South Wales apud Mathews.)
Haematopus picatus Vigors, in King’s Narr. Survey Australia, 2, 1827
(1826), p. 420. (No locality = Point Torment, North-West Australia
apud Mathews, antea, p. 23.)
Haematopus longirostris mattingleys Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 213. (Cooktown, Queensland.)
Aru Islands, south coast of New Guinea, islands in Torres Straits and
coasts of Australia and Tasmania.

~Haematopus ostralegus unicolor J. R. Forster

Haematopus unicolor J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Lichtenstein,
1844, p. 112. (New Holland = New Zealand.) Dark phase.

Haematopus finscht Martens, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 190. (Salt
Water Creek, South Island, New Zealand.) Pied phase.

Hematopus reischeki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1899, p. 4.
(Kaipara, New Zealand.) Plumage intermediate between the dark
and pied phases.

New Zealand: North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Great and

Little Barrier Islands.

1 Stuart Baker records Haematopus ostralegus breeding in eastern Bengal
and provisionally refers it to osculans.

2 Replaces Haematopus niger Temminck, 1820, preoccupied by Haematopus
miger Pallas, 1811.

Q34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Haematopus ostralegus chathamensis Hartert
Haematopus ostralegus chathamensis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 17.
(Chatham Islands.)
Chatham Islands.

Haematopus leucopodus Garnot
Hematopus leucopodus Garnot, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7, 1826, p. 47. (Falk-
land Islands.)
Southern South America from Chiloé Island on the west and the Chubut
River on the east, southward; Falkland Islands.

Haematopus fuliginosus fuliginosus Gould
Hematopus fuliginosus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 18, 1845, pl. [15] = 4,
pl. 8. (Tasmania, islands in Bass Straits and southern coast of
Australia.)
Hezmatopus unicolor berniert Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 214.
(Bernier Island, West Australia.)
Coast of Australia (except that part occupied by opthalmicus).

Haematopus fuliginosus opthalmicus Castelnau and Ramsay
Hzmatopus opthalmicus (sic) Castelnau and Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soe.
New South Wales, 1, 1877, p. 385. (Bountiful Island, Gulf of Car-
penteria.)
Northern Australia on the shores of the Gulf of Carpenteria and the
Cape York Peninsula.

Haematopus ater Vieillot and Oudart
Hezmatopus ater Vieillot and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 2, 1825, p. 88; 1, pl. 230.
(No exact locality and description not diagnostic, but plate sufficient
to fix identity; Straits of Magellan.)
Hzmatopus quoyt Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 37.
(New name for Haematopus ater Sharpe not of Vieillot; Straits of

Magellan.)
Coasts of South America from lat. 10° S. on the west and 438°S. on the

east, to Cape Horn; Falkland Islands.

FamMity CHARADRIIDAE
Suspramity VANELLINAE!
Genus CHETTUSIA Bonaparte ?

Chettusia Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., Uccelli, 1841, Intr., p. 12.
Type, by monotypy, Charadrius gregarius Pallas.

1 T have followed Dr. Lowe (Ibis, 1931, p. 722-723 and p. 738-740) for this
subfamily, but with a different sequence of genera and the following genera
removed to the Charadriinae: — ‘‘Eupodella,” Eudromias, Oreopholus,
Podasocys and Oxyechus.

2 Replaces Chaetusia (sic) and also includes Euhyas of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 235

Vanellochettusia Brandt, in Lehmann’s Reise nach Buckara und Samar-
kand, 1852, p. 324. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius leucurus Lich-
tenstein.

Eurypterus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 145 (in key),
p.171. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius leucurus Lichtenstein. Not
Eurypterus DeKay, 1826 (Crustacea), nor Eurypterus Mabille, 1877
(Lepidoptera.)

Euhyas Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 736. New name to
replace Eurypterus Sharpe, preoccupied. Not Euhyas Fitzinger,
1843.

Zapterus Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 201. New
name to replace Euhyas Sharpe, preoccupied.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1558-1560.

~ Chettusia leucura (Lichtenstein)

Charadrius leucurus Lichtenstein, in Eversmann’s Reise von Orenburg
nach Buchara, 1823, p. 137. (Between the Kuwan and Ian Daria,
Turkestan.)

Breeds on the Kirghiz Steppes, Transcaspia and parts of Syria, Meso-

potamia and Persia. Winters in Egypt, Egyptian Sudan, Sinai and north-
western India.

Chettusia gregaria (Pallas)
Charadrius gregarius Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 1, 1771,
p. 456. (Volga, Jaiku and Samara.)
Breeds in southern and middle Russia, Kirghiz Steppes, Transcaspia,
western Siberia to Tomsk and Zaissan-nor. Winters in northeastern Africa
to the Egyptian Sudan and in northern India.

Genus VANELLUS Brisson

Vanellus Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 94. Type, by tautonymy,
Vanellus Brisson = Tringa vanellus Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1555-1558.

Vanellus vanellus (Linné)

Tringa Vanellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Europe,
Africa. Restricted type locality, Sweden, Hartert, antea.)

Breeds in Europe and northern Asia from the Faroes, middle Norway,
northern Sweden, Russia north to lat. 62° (59° in the Urals), Siberia north
to lat. 57° in the Ob Valley, Transbaikalia, the Amur and Ussuriland,
south to Spain, northern Italy, Transcaspia, Turkestan and northern
China. Migratory in the northern part of its range, wintering in southern
Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor, Syria, southwestern Asia, northern
India, Burma, southern China and Japan.

236 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus BELONOPTERUS ReEIcHENBACH

Belonopterus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xviii. Type,
by original designation, T’ringa cajennensis Latham = Parra cayen-
mensis Gmelin.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 163-166.
Wetmore, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 168-172.

Belonopterus chilensis cayennensis (Gmelin)
Parra cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 706. (Cayenne.)

Savannas of Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil,
south to the tropical lowlands south of the Amazon.

Belonopterus chilensis lampronotus (Wagler)

Charadrius Lampronotus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Charadrius, sp. 48.
(Paraguay, Brazil, Cayenne. Restricted type locality, southern
Brazil, Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 65, 1923, p. 296, note.)

Belonopterus cayennensis intermedius Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. Mus.
Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 203. (Brazil.)

Greater part of the Brazilian tableland south to central Argentina (east

of the plains at the base of the Andes) and Uruguay.

Belonopterus chilensis chilensis (Molina)!
Parra Chilensis Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 258. | (Chile.)

Vanellus occidentalis Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 450,
451. (Chile.)

Vanellus grisescens Prazak, Orn. Monatsb., 4, 1896, p. 23. (Northern
Chile.)

Belonopterus cayennensis molina Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,
p. 111. (Taleahuano, Chile. New name for Parra chilensis Molina,
rejected on grounds of inapplicability.)

Chile (from Atacama) and western Argentina south to Tierra del

Fuego; recorded from the highlands of southern Peru.

GrEnus HEMIPARRA Satvaporr?

Hemiparra Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 270.
Type, by monotypy, Chettusia crasstrostris De Filippi [t.e. Hartlaub].
cf. Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 184-185.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Athiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 126.

1 Hellmayr is the most recent author who proposes to reject Molina’s name
on the grounds that it is a composite between the present form and Jacana j.
jacana. It must be remembered that a large percentage of the names of the
18th century authors are composites, and if any degree of stability in nomen-
clature is to be attained the name must be fixed on one of the species to which
the account applies, provided of course that the name is identifiable at all.

? Replaces Defilippia Salvadori of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 937

Hemiparra crassirostris crassirostris (Hartlaub)

Chettusia crassirostris ‘‘de Filippi” Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855,
p. 427. (Nubia.)
Upper While Nile region and the Bahr el Ghazal south to Uganda.

Hemiparra crassirostris hybrida Reichenow

Hemiparra hybrida Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 17, 1909, p.42. (German
East Africa.)
East Africa from the southern shore of Lake Victoria and the Pangani
River south to Nyasaland.

Hemiparra crassirostris leucoptera (Reichenow)

Vanellus leucopterus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 37, 1889, p. 265. (Quili-
mane, Portuguese Hast Africa.)

Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa south to the Zambesi River
and Zululand.

Genus TYLIBYX ReEIcHENBACH
Tylibyx Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xviii. Type, by

original designation, Lobivanellus melanocephalus Riippell.
cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 191-192.

Tylibyx melanocephalus (Riippell)

Lobivanellus melanocephalus Riippell, Syst. Uebers. Vég. N.-O. Afr.,
1845, p. 115, pl. 44. (Mountains of Simien, Ethiopia.)
Highlands of northern Ethiopia.

GENus MICROSARCOPS SHarpE
Microsarcops Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 123 (in key),
p. 183. Type, by monotypy, Pluvianus cinerea Blyth.
cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1560-1561.

~--~Mlicrosarcops cinereus (Blyth)
Pluvianus cinereus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 11, 1842, p. 587.
(Calcutta.)

Breeds in Mongolia, China south to the Yangtse Valley, Manchuria,
Korea and Japan. Winters in southern China, eastern India, Burma,
Malay States and Indo-Chinese countries.

Genus LOBIVANELLUS G. R. Gray!
Lobivanellus ‘‘ Strickl.”’ G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 84.
Type, by original designation, L. goensis (Gm.) = Parra goensis
Gmelin = Tringa indica Boddaert.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 186-189; 8,
1930, p. 519.

1 Replaces Sarcogrammus Reichenbach of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

238 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lobivanellus indicus aigneri (Laubmann)
Sarcogrammus indicus aignert Laubmann, Falco, 9, 1913, p. 30. (Son-
miani, Mekran.)

Eastern Transcaspia, Mesopotamia, southwestern Persia, southern
Arabia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Sind.

Lobivanellus indicus indicus (Boddaert)

Tringa Indica Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 50. (Goa, ex Dau-
benton, pl. 807.)

India (east of the range of aignert) east to Bengal; Ceylon.

Lobivanellus indicus atronuchalis Jerdon

Lobivanellus atronuchalis ‘‘Blyth”’ Jerdon, Bds. India, 3, 1864, p. 648.
(Burma.)

Assam south of the Brahmapootra, Burma, southwestern Yunnan
Malay States, and Indo-Chinese countries.

Genus XIPHIDIOPTERUS ReicHENBACH

Xiphidiopterus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xviil.
Type, by original designation, Vanellus albiceps Gould.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 109-112.

Xiphidiopterus albiceps (Gould)
Vanellus albiceps Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 45. (Niger

River or Fernando Po. A specimen from Fernando Po is claimed as
the type of the species in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, p. 147.)

Tropical Africa from Liberia east through Nigeria and French Equa-
torial Africa to the Bahr el Ghazal, south to the Loango Coast, upper
Congo, Rhodesia and the Zambesi River; Fernando Po.

Genus ROGIBYX MatTHews

Rogibyx Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 41. Type, by original desig-
nation, Vanellus tricolor Horsfield.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 148.

Rogibyx tricolor (Horsfield)
Vanellus tricolor Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 186. (Java.)!
Sumatra, Java, Timor.

1 Replaces Xiphidiopterus cucullatus (Temm.). Horsfield’s name is in no
way affected by Charadrius tricolor Vieillot, which is now Zonifer tricolor
(Vieillot).

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 239

Genus LOBIBYX Herne !

Lobibyx Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn.,
1890, p. 334. Type, by original designation, Tringa lobata Latham
(not of Linné) = Vanellus novaehollandiae Stephens.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 40-54.

Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 148.

- Lobibyx novae-hollandiae (Stephens)

Vanellus Nove-Hollandiz Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 11, pt. 2,
1819, p. 516. (Flats near Parramatta, New South Wales.)

Lobibyx novehollandiz gracemert Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915,
p. 126. (Gracemere, Queensland.)

Eastern and southern Australia; Tasmania.

Lobibyx miles miles (Boddaert)

Tringa miles Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 51. (Louisiana, ex
Daubenton, pl. 835; error, Timor Laut designated as type locality by
Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 215.)

Amboina, Timor Laut, Kei Islands, southern New Guinea, Aru Islands.

Lobibyx miles personatus (Gould)

Lobivanellus personatus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 8, 1842, pl. [14] and
text (= 6, pl. 10 of bound vol.). (Coburg Peninsula, Northern
Territory.)

Lobibyx miles hartertt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 215. (Inker-
man, Queensland.)

Northern parts of Australia.

Genus AFRIBYX MatTuews

Afribyx Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 41. Type, by original desig-
nation, Vanellus lateralis A. Smith.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 115-119.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 171-173.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 193-195.

~ Afribyx senegallus senegallus (Linné)
Parra senegalla Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 259. (Senegal.)
Tropical Africa, in the thorn scrub and savanna belt from Senegal east
to Darfur (Friedmann refers birds from the eastern Sudan to this race),
south to northern Cameroon and Uganda.

1 In Sharpe’s Hand-list Lobivanellus G. R. Gray is used but Mathews
(Nov. Zool., 18, 1911, p. 4) has shown that Lobivanellus must replace Sar-
cogrammus as used in the Hand-list.

240 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Afribyx senegallus major (Neumann)

Lobivanellus senegallus major Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 22, 1914, p. 8.
(Ghadi Saati, Mareb River, Ethiopia.)

Highlands of Eritrea and western Ethiopia.

Afribyx senegallus lateralis (A. Smith)

Vanellus lateralis A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, 1839, pl. 23 and text.
(Tugela River, Natal.)

East Africa from eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and southwestern
Kenya Colony south to Natal; Angola.

GreNus STEPHANIBYX ReEIcHENBACH

Stephanibyx Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type,
by original designation, Charadrius coronatus ‘‘L.”’ i.e. Boddaert.

Titthoia Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924, p. 79. Type, by original
designation, Charadrius melanopterus Cretzschmar.

cf. Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 161-169.
Sclater, in Stark and Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 4, 1906, p. 354-359.

Stephanibyx lugubris (Lesson)!
Charadrius lugubris Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 42, 1826, p. 36.
(Locality unknown = Senegal, designated by Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 56.)
Africa from Sierra Leone (possibly from Senegal) east to Uganda and
Kenya Colony, south to Loango, Rhodesia, Nyasaland and Natal.
Stephanibyx melanopterus melanopterus (Cretzschmar)

Charadrius melanopterus Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas, 1829, Vég.,
p. 46, pl. 31. (Djedda, Arabia.)

Southern Arabia and Ethiopia.

Stephanibyx melanopterus minor Zedlitz

Stephanibyx melanopterus minor Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 180.
(South Africa, Ugaia; west of Lake Victoria, and Pondoland.)

Eastern Africa from Kenya Colony to Cape Province.

Stephanibyx coronatus demissus Friedmann

Stephanibyx coronatus demissus Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl.,
10, 1928, p. 97. (Suk-Soda, British Somaliland.)

Known only to occur in British Somaliland, but probably ranges through
Italian Somaliland and adjacent parts of eastern Ethiopia.
Stephanibyx coronatus coronatus (Boddaert)

Charadrius Coronatus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 49. (Cape
of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 800.)

1 Replaces Stephanibyx tnornatus (Swainson).

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE Q41

Stephanibyx coronatus suspicax Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl.,
10, 1928, p. 95. (Sadi Malka, Ethiopia.)
East and South Africa from Ethiopia through Uganda and Kenya
Colony to Cape Province, north on the west to Mossamedes.

Genus HOPLOPTERUS Bonaparte

Hoplopterus Bonaparte, Giorn. Arcad. Sci. Lett. e Arti, Roma, 49, 1831,
p. 55. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius spinosus Linné.

Cranellus Tobias, Abh. naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, 4, 1844, p. 60. Type, by
monotypy, Charadrius spinosus Linné.

cf. Bannerman, Bas. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 112-115.
Sclater, in Stark and Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 4, 1906, p. 351-354.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 184-186; 8,

1930, p. 518, 696.

ee ~Hoplopterus spinosus (Linné)

Charadrius spinosus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 151. (Egypt.)

Breeds on the larger islands in the eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus and
possibly Crete), Syria, Palestine, and Egypt; Africa south of the Sahara
from Senegal to Ethiopia, and south to Nigeria, the southern limit of the
‘Savanna, belt”’ in central Africa, Lake Edward and Tanganyika Terri-
tory.
Hoplopterus armatus (Burchell)!

Charadrius armatus Burchell, Travels, 1, 1822, p. 501, note. (Klaar-

water [= Griquatown], Cape Province.)

From southern Angola, Bechuanaland and Kenya Colony south to the

Orange River and Natal; occasional south of the Orange River.

Hoplopterus duvaucelii (Lesson)?
Charadrius Duvaucelii Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 42, 1826,
p. 38. (Calcutta.)

Northern and eastern India from the United and Central Provinces
through Assam to southwestern Yunnan and Tonkin, south to Peninsular
Siam and Cochinchina.

Genus HOPLOXYPTERUS Bonaparte

Hoploxypterus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856,
p. 418. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius cayanus Latham.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 70-71.

~..... Hoploxypterus cayanus (Latham)
Charadrius cayanus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 749. (Cayenne.)

1 Replaces Hoplopterus speciosus (Wagler) of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
2 Replaces Hoplopterus ventralis (Wagler) of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

Q49 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southern Venezuela (Orinoco Valley) and the Guianas south through
eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia to Paraguay and
southern Brazil.

Genus PTILOSCELYS Bonaparte
Ptiloscelys Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 419.
Type, by monotypy, Charadrius resplendens Tschudi.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 137-188.

Ptiloscelys resplendens (Tschudi)

Charadrius resplendens Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1848, p. 388.
(Andes of Peru.)

Puna and temperate zones of the Andes and high plateaus from Ecua-
dor to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina.

Genus ZONIFER SwHarpe
Zonifer Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 145 (in key), p. 154.
Type, by monotypy, Charadrius tricolor Vieillot.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 57-66.

Zonifer tricolor (Vieillot)

Charadrius tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 147.
(“Terres Australes’? = New South Wales apud Mathews.)

Zonifer tricolor gwendolenae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 214.
(Broome Hill, West Australia.)

Australia and Tasmania.

Genus ANOMALOPHRYS Sarre
Anomalophrys Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 145 (in key),
p. 156. Type, by monotypy, Lobivanellus superciliosus Reichenow.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 121-123.

Anomalophrys superciliosus (Reichenow)
Lobivanellus superciliosus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 34, 1886, p. 116,
pl. 3. (Marungu, west of Lake Tanganyika.)
Northern tropical Africa from Dahomey and Nigeria eastward through
the Ubangi-Shari region to the Uelle and Aruwimi rivers, Uganda, western
Kenya Colony and western shores of Lake Tanganyika.

Grenus LOBIPLUVIA Bonaparte

Lobipluvia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 418.
Type, by monotypy, Charadrius bilobus Gmelin = Charadrius malar-
baricus Boddaert.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 190-191; 8,
1930, p. 519.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 943

~—— Lobipluvia malarbarica (Boddaert)

Charadrius malarbaricus (sic) Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 53.
(Malabar Coast, ex Daubenton, pl. 880.)
All of India from lower Sind and eastern Bengal southward; Ceylon.

Genus SARCIOPHORUS G. R. Gray

Sarciophorus ‘Strickland’ G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841,
p. 84. Type, by original designation, Charadrius pileatus Gmelin
= Charadrius tectus Boddaert.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 119-121.

Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 189-190.

Sarciophorus tectus tectus (Boddaert)
Charadrius tectus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 51. (Senegal, ex
Daubenton, pl. 834.)
Tropical Africa south of the Sahara through the ‘‘ Sudanese Arid Belt”
from Senegal to the Red Sea.

. Sarciophorus tectus latifrons Reichenow
Sarciophorus latifrons Reichenow, Orn. Centralbl., 6, 1881, p. 79. (Ber-
dera, Somaliland.)
East Africa from southern Somaliland to Kenya Colony east of the
Rift Valley.

Supramity CHARADRIINAE

Genus SQUATAROLA CouviER

Squatarola Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 1817 (1816), p. 467. Type, by
tautonymy, Tringa squatarola Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1552-1555.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 72-79.

Squatarola squatarola (Linné)

Tringa Squatarola Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,
restricted type locality Sweden, Hartert, antea, p. 1553.)

Charadrius hypomelus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1776,
p. 699. (‘Colit paludes borealis orae.”” New name for Charadrius
helvetica Linné.)

Squatarola squatarola cynosure Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl.
Zool. Cl., 5, 1914, p. 23. (Baillie Island, Arctic America.)

Breeds on the Arctic tundra of Europe and Asia from the Kanin Penin-
sula to east Siberia; Kolguev, Great Lyakov and Wrangel Islands; in
North America from Alaska along the Arctic coast and islands east to
Baffin and Southampton Islands. Migrates south through Europe, Asia

Q44 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

and North America to winter quarters in Africa, Madagascar, India, the
East Indies, Australia, southern United States, West Indies and South
America to Chile and Peru; Galapagos Archipelago.

GENus PLUVIALIS Brisson

Pluvialis Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 46; 5, p. 42. Type, by tautonymy,
Pluvialis aurea Brisson = Charadrius pluvialis Linné = Charadrius
apricarius Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1549-1552.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 79-94.

Pluvialis apricaria apricaria (Linné)

Charadrius apricarius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. (“Oelan-
dia, Canada” restricted type locality, Lapland ex Fn. Suec., where
based on a Rudbeck drawing. Cf. Lénnberg, Ibis, 1931, p. 306-307.)

Charadrius campestris Nilsson, Analecta Orn., pt. 2, 1814, p. 31. (Hol-
land, substitute name for C. apricarius and C. pluvialis of Linné.)

Breeds on Iceland and the Firoes, northern Europe and Asia from

Seandinavia east to the Yenessei (including Kolguev and Vaigatch
Islands), south to Latvia and Perm; southern limit in western Siberia not
yet ascertained. Winters chiefly in the countries surrounding the Medi-
terranean Sea, also reaching the Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands
to the west and northern India to the east.

Pluvialis apricaria oreophilos A. C. Meinertzhagen
Pluvialis apricarius oreophilos A. C. Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 42, 1921, p. 6. (Ophir, Orkneys.)
Resident on the Orkneys, in Ireland, Scotland, Wales and some of the
English counties, western Denmark and northern Germany.

Pluvialis dominica fulva (Gmelin)
Charadrius fuluus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 687. (Tahiti.)
Breeds in northern Siberia from the Yalmal Peninsula and the Yenessei
River (overlapping the range of P. a. apricaria), east to western Alaska
on the shores of Kotzebue Sound and Bering Sea; south in eastern Siberia
to the Stanovoi Mountains and Kamchatka. Winters in eastern India,

1 There is so much variation in size in S. squatarola throughout its range,
that in the absence of adequate breeding material of the three proposed races,
I consider it better not to attempt: to recognize any forms. Breeding birds
from eastern Siberia and western Alaska average larger than those from other
breeding localities and migrants from the coast of China, the East Indies and
Australia likewise approach the east Siberian bird in size. Probably the east
Siberian breeding form will eventually prove to be recognizable (but its name
cannot be hypomelus of Pallas since that name is only a substitute of Ch.
helveticus Linné); however, it is very doubtful whether cynosurae can ever be
maintained.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE Q45

southern China, Indo-Chinese countries, Malay Archipelago, Oceania,
Australia and the Hawaiian Islands; straggles west to East Africa and
east to the Pacific coast of North America.

~ Pluvialis dominica dominica (P. L. S. Miller)

Charadrius Dominicus P. L.S. Miiller, Natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 116.
(Hispaniola.)

Breeds in Arctic North America from Point Barrow to Melville Penin-
sula, north to Melville and North Devon Islands, south to west side of
Hudson Bay (Churchill). Migrates south chiefly over the Atlantic Ocean
from Nova Scotia to the north coast of South America, thence to the plains
of southern South America from Bolivia and southern Brazil south to the
pampas of eastern Argentina. The northward migration in spring takes
place up the Mississippi Valley.

Genus PLUVIORHYNCHUS Bonaparte

Pluviorhynchus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856,
p. 417. Type, by subsequent designation, Charadrius obscurus Gmelin
(Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 209).

cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 288-289.

Pluviorhynchus obscurus (Gmelin)
Charadrius obscurus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 686. (New
Zealand, 2.e. Dusky Sound, South Island, ex Latham.)
New Zealand: North Island, South Island, Great Barrier Island and
Stewart Island.

Genus CHARADRIUS Linneé!

Charadrius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. Type, by taut-
onymy, Charadrius hiaticula Linné. (Charadrios s. Hiaticula Aldro-
vandus, prebinomial specific name in synonymy.)

Aegialitis Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, p. 558. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Charadrius hiaticula Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Subgen.
Bds., 1855, p. 111.) Sometimes spelled Aegialites.

Hiaticula ‘‘ Moehr.’’ G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 65. Type,
by original designation, Hiaticula annulata G. R. Gray = Charadrius
hiaticula Linné.

Aegialeus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xviii. Type,
by original designation, Charadrius semipalmatus “‘Aud.”’ = Bona-
parte.

1 For convenience I give a complete synonymy of all the generic names ever
given to the species placed in Charadrius in this work.

Q46 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oxyechus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvii. Type, by
original designation, Charadrius vociferus Linné.

Ochthodromus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvii. Type,
by original designation, Charadrius wilsonia Ord.

Cirrepidesmus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 48, 1856,
p. 417. Type, by tautonymy, Charadrius pyrrhothorax “ Temminck”
Gould = Charadrius cirrhepidesmos Wagler = Charadrius atrifrons
Wagler.

Leucopolius Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 417.
Type, by tautonymy, Charadrius nivifrons Cuvier = Charadrius
leucopolius Wagler = Charadrius marginatus Vieillot.

Aigialophilus Gould, Handb. Bds. Austr., 2, 1865, p. 234. Type, by
original designation, 4. cantianus of Europe, 1.e. Charadrius cantianus
Latham = Charadrius alerandrinus Linné.

Pagoa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 82, 98. Type, by original desig-
nation, Charadrius geoffroyi Wagler = Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson.

Pagolla Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 83. Substitute name for
Ochthodromus Reichenbach on grounds of preoccupation by Ochthe-
dromus Le Compte, 1848. Type, by original designation, Charadrius
wilsonia Ord.

Pernettyoa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 114. Type, by original
designation, Charadrius falklandicus Latham. (Misspelled Perne-
thyra in Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 8, 1930, p. 513.)

Helenzgialus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 114. Type, by original
designation, Aegialitis sanctaehelenae Harting.

Paroxyechus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 114. Type, by original
designation, Charadrius placidus J. HE. and G. R. Gray.

Afroxyechus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 124. Type, by original
designation, Charadrius tricollaris Vieillot.

Nesoceryx Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 35. Type, by
original designation, Charadrius bicinctus Jardine and Selby.

Afraegialis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 200. Type, by
monotypy, Charadrius venustus Fischer and Reichenow.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 89-106 (excl. Squa-

tarola).

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1531-1545.

‘Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 371-377.

Lowe, Ibis, 1922, p. 475-495.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 81-102; 108-134.

Neumann, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 212-216. :

Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 166-178.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 107-143.

Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 117-121.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 160-164; 167—
175; 8, 1930, p. 510-516; Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 34, 1930,
pes

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE Q4'7

——Charadrius rubricollis Gmelin

Charadrius rubricollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 687. (Ad-
venture Bay, Tasmania.)!

Charadrius cucullatus tregellasi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 218.
(Ellen’s Brook, South-West Australia.)

Charadrius cucullatus torbayt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 30.
(Torbay, South-West Australia.)

Southern Australia and Tasmania.

Charadrius hiaticula psammodroma Salomonsen
Charadrius hiaticula psammodroma Salomonsen, Journ. f. Orn., 78, 1930,
p. 71. (Faroes, Iceland, Greenland and Cumberland Sound.)
Breeds in the region about Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island, Green-
land, Iceland and the Fiaroes. Winter range not worked out.?

- Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula Linné

Charadrius Hiaticula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. (Europe
and America, restricted type locality Sweden, ex ref. to Fn. Svec.)
Breeds on the coasts of Europe, as well as the banks of some of the
larger rivers, from the British Isles, central Sweden and Baltic provinces
south to the Mediterranean. Winters chiefly on the west coast of Africa.

Charadrius hiaticula tundrae (Lowe)
Aigialitis hiaticola tundre Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1915, p. 7.
(Valley of the Yenessei.)

Breeds on the Arctic tundras of northern Scandinavia, Finland, north-
ern Russia and northern Siberia to the Chukchi Peninsula. Winters
chiefly along the coasts and islands of the eastern Mediterranean and the
coasts of eastern Africa, occasional in northwestern India.

-Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus Bonaparte

Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5,
1825, p. 98. New name for Tringa hiaticula Ord, not Charadrius
hiaticula Linné, in Wilson’s Am. Orn., Ord repr., 7, 1824, p. 65.
(Coast of New Jersey.)

Breeds on the Arctic coast of North America from Bering Sea to south-
ern Baffin Island, south to the Yukon Valley, Queen Charlotte Islands,
northern British Columbia, James Bay, north shore of the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Winters from central Cali-
fornia, the Gulf coast and South Carolina to Chile and Argentina; Gald-
pagos Archipelago.

1 Replaces Charadrius cucullatus Vieillot.

2 This form differs from C. h. hiaticula only in average smaller size, wing,
122-135 mm. as against 127-139 for h. hiaticula. It is manifestly impossible
to identify the majority of the migrants and I doubt very much the propriety
of recognizing psammodroma.

Q48 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Charadrius melodus Ord
Charadrius melodus Ord, in reprint Wilson’s Am. Orn., 7, 1824, p. 71,
ex Wilson, orig. ed., 5, 1812, p. 30, pl. 87, f. 3. (Great Egg Harbor,
New Jersey.)

Breeds from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern On-
tario, southern Quebec and the Magdalen Islands, south to central Ne-
braska, southern end of Lake Michigan, south shore of Lake Erie and
the Atlantic coast south to North Carolina. Winters chiefly on the Atlan-
tic and Gulf coasts from South Carolina to Texas and northern Mexico.

Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin

Charadrius curonicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 692. (Kur-

land.)

Breeds in the greater part of Europe (absent from the British Isles) and
northern Asia from lat. 62° N. in Sweden, 67° N. in Finland, the White
Sea, lat. 60° N. in Asia, south to northwestern Africa, Egypt, Kashmir,
northern China and northern Japan; Island of Madeira. Winters in Africa
south of the Sahara, Arabia, India, southern China, the Malayan Archi-
pelago and Papuan Islands.

Charadrius dubius jerdoni (Legge)

Aigialitis jerdoni Legge, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p. 39. (Ceylon
and middle India.) New name for Aegialitis minuta Jerdon not
Charadrius minutus Pallas.

India and Ceylon, Burma, Malay States, Siam and Indochina, New

Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, apparently also the Greater and Lesser
Sunda Islands.

Charadrius dubius dubius Scopoli

Charadrius dubius Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786,
p. 93. (Luzon, ex Sonnerat.)

Southern Japan, probably southern China, Formosa, Hainan and the

Philippines.
Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus Linné

Charadrius alexandrinus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150.
(Egypt, ex Hasselquist.)

Charadrius Cantianus Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixvi. (Kent,
England.)!

Charadrius elegans Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 307, ex
Lichtenstein, Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol., where a nomen nudum.
(Arabia.)!

Breeds on the Canary, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde Islands, south
coast of England and the greater part of Europe and central Asia from
Sweden and Latvia east to Korea, south to the northern Sahara, Egypt,
Arabia and Sind. Migrates in winter to tropical and southern Africa,
India, southern China, Japan, Formosa and the Sunda Islands.

1 These are regarded as recognizable races by some ornithologists.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 249

Charadrius alexandrinus spatzi Neumann
Charadrius alexandrinus spatzi Neumann, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 213.
(Rio de Oro, western Africa.)
Resident on the coasts of western Africa; limits of range north and
south of Rio de Oro not known.

-Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus (Swinhoe)

Aigialites dealbatus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 138.
(South coast of China, Formosa, Hainan.)
Southern Japan, Riu Kiu Islands, southern China, Formosa, Hainan
and Indochina, extending westward to Tenasserim.

Charadrius alexandrinus seebohmi Hartert and Jackson

Charadrius alecandrinus seebohmi Hartert and Jackson, Ibis, 1915,
p. 529. New name for Charadrius cantianus minutus Seebohm.
(Southern shores of the Red Sea and Island of Ceylon.) Not Charad-
rius minutus Pallas.

Ceylon. Birds from the Red Sea coast and Somaliland are not referable
here, cf. Neumann, antea, p. 213.
Charadrius alexandrinus nigirius Bates!

Charadrius marginatus russatus Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1932,
p. 10. (Niger River near Kulikoro, French Sudan.) Not Charadrius
russatus Jerdon.

Charadrius marginatus nigirius Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1932,
p. 76. New name for the above.

West Africa along the banks of the Upper Niger from Gao to Bamako.

Charadrius alexandrinus hesperius Bates 2

Charadrius marginatus hesperius Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1932,
p.11. (Nana Kru, Liberia.)

West Africa from Liberia to Damaraland.

Charadrius alexandrinus pons Neumann

Charadrius alexandrinus pons Neumann, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 212.
(Kismayu, southern Somaliland.)

Coasts of southern Somaliland.

Charadrius alexandrinus tenellus Hartlaub
- Charadrius tenellus Hartlaub, Fauna Madagascar, 1861, p. 72. (Mada-
gascar.)

Lake region of eastern Africa from Lake Kivu to the Zambesi; coasts
from Manda Island to Natal; Madagascar.

1 It seems inevitable that either nigirtus or hesperius must be replaced by
Aegialitis Mechowi Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884, p. 437. (Angola, type
from Quango River.)

2 Replaces Charadrius pallidus Strickland, cf. Bates, antea, p. 11.

250 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Charadrius alexandrinus marginatus Vieillot 1
Charadrius marginatus ‘Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire”’ Vieillot, Nouv.
Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 138. (No locality.)
Coasts of South Africa from Damaraland to Natal.

Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus (Cassin)
Aegialitis nivosa Cassin, in Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858,
p. xlvi, 696. (Presidio, California.)
Breeds in the western United States from Washington and northern
Utah south to southern Lower California. Winters from central California
south along the Pacific coast of Mexico.

Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris (Lawrence)
Aegialitis tenwirostris Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1862,
p. 455. (Near Guantanamo, Cuba.)

Breeds on the salt plains of Kansas and Oklahoma and on the Gulf
coast from Texas to Florida; also sparingly in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto
Rico and St. Croix, and perhaps other islands in the West Indies. In
winter to Yucatan and northern Venezuela.

Charadrius alexandrinus occidentalis (Cabanis)
Aegialitis occidentalis Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 20, 1872, p. 158. (No
locality = near Santiago, Chile.)
Littoral of Peru and Chile from Ancon to Arauco.

Charadrius alexandrinus ruficapillus Temminck
Charadrius ruficapillus Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 8, 1822, pl. 47, f. 2.
(Oceania = New South Wales apud Mathews.)
Charadrius ruficaptllus tormenti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 217.
(Point Torment, North-West Australia.)
Southern New Guinea, islands in Torres Strait, coasts and interior salt
lakes of Australia; Tasmania.

Charadrius venustus rufocinctus Reichenow
Charadrius rufocinctus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 123.
(Great Fish Bay, Angola.) °
Coasts of southwestern Africa from Angola to southern Cape Province.

Charadrius venustus venustus Fischer and Reichenow
Charadrius venustus Fischer and Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884,
p. 178. (Massailand = Nguruman Salt Lake, Tanganyika Terri-
tory.)
Interior of Tanganyika Territory and southern Kenya Colony, on the
salt lakes.

1 Charadrius pallidus Strickland is a synonym.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 251

~——~ Charadrius falklandicus Latham
Charadrius falklandicus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 747. (Port
Egmont, Falkland Islands, based on Portlock, Voy. round World,
p. 36 and pl.)

Breeds in southern South America from Chiloé Island on the west and
from about the Rio Negro on the east, south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland
Islands. Migrates northward in winter to northern Chile and eastern
Argentina.

~~~ Charadrius alticola (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)
Aigialitis alticola Berlepsch and Stolazmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1902, vol. 2, p. 51. (Ingapirea, Junin, Peru.)
Puna zone of southern Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile and
northwestern Argentina.

~~---Charadrius bicinctus Jardine and Selby
Charadrius bicinctus Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 1, 1827, pl. 28 and text.
(New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews, infra, p. 216.)
Charadrius bicinctus incertus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 217.
(West Australia, type said to be from Port Malcolm, South-West
Australia.)
Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand (North, South, Kapiti and
Chatham Islands); occurs also on Stewart, Norfolk and Lord Howe
Islands.

~——- Charadrius peronii Schlegel

Charadrius peroni ‘‘Temm.” Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
43, 1856, p. 417, nomen nudum.

Charadrius peronii ‘““Temminck’’ Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 4, 1865,
Cursores, p. 33. (‘‘ L’Archipel Indien.” Type collected by S. Miller
on Samau, cf. Meise, Journ. f. Orn., 78, 1930, p. 191. Schlegel, how-
ever, listed thirteen specimens in all without designating a holotype;
therefore each one should be regarded as a cotype. J. L. P.)

Philippines, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands and Celebes.1

~~~. Charadrius collaris Vieillot
Charadrius collaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 136.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)

Greater part of tropical America from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca south
to Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina (provinces of Mendoza, Cérdoba
and Buenos Aires) and Uruguay; islands of Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad
and Bonaire; accidental (?) in Chile.

1 T do not believe that peronii with its stout bill and broad black band across
the scapulars bears the slightest relationship to the alerandrinus group.

252 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Charadrius pecuarius allenbyi Nicoll
Charadrius varius allenbyi Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1921, p. 7.
(Lake Karun, Faiyum, Egypt.)
Egypt from the Nile Delta south to Luxor.

_ Charadrius pecuarius pecuarius Temminck
Charadrius pecuarius Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 31, 1823, pl. 183. (Cape
of Good Hope.)

Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south to Cape Province; Madagas-
car.

Charadrius sanctae-helenae (Harting)!
Aigialitis sanctx-helene Harting, Ibis, 1873, p. 260, 262, 266, pl. 9. (St.
Helena Island.)
St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Charadrius thoracicus (Richmond)
Aigialitis thoracica Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10, 1896, p. 53.
(Loholoka, east coast of Madagascar.)
Madagascar.

Charadrius placidus Gray and Gray
Charadrius placidus J. E. and G. R. Gray, Cat. etc. Mamm. Bds. Nepal
and Tibet . . . Brit. Mus., ed. 2, 1863, p. 70. (Nepal.)
Breeds in Ussuriland, Manchuria, Korea, northern China and northern
Japan. Winters south to China, northern India, Burma and Annam.

Charadrius vociferus vociferus Linné
Charadrius vociferus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. (North
America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.)

Breeds from northern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, northern
Ontario and southern Quebec, south to southern Lower California, central
Mexico, the Gulf coast, Florida and the Bahama Islands. Winters from
southern British Columbia, Colorado, southern Illinois, western New
York and New Jersey south to the West Indies and northern South
America.

Charadrius vociferus ternominatus Bangs and Kennard
Charadrius torquatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 255. (Santo
Domingo ex Brisson.) Not Charadrius torquatus Pontoppidan, 1763.

Oxyechus vociferus rubidus Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 88.
New name for Charadrius torquatus Linné, preoccupied.

1 By some considered as a race of pecuarius but seems to me to be specifi-
cally distinct.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 253

Charadrius vociferus ternominatus Bangs and Kennard, Handb. Jamaica,
1920, p. 684 (separately paged reprints, p. 8). New name for Oxyechus
vociferus rubidus Riley, not available if Oxyechus is merged with
Charadrius because of Charadrius rubidus Gmelin, 1789.

Greater Antilles (Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico

and Vieques).

Charadrius vociferus peruvianus (Chapman)
Oxyechus vociferus peruvianus Chapman, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 106. (Palet-
illas, 1550 ft., northeast of Payta, Province of Piura, Peru.)
Resident on the coast of Peru.

—— Charadrius tricollaris forbesi (Shelley)
Aigialitis forbest Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 560, pl. 14. (Shonga, Niger
River.)
West Africa from Portuguese Guinea to Cameroon and southern Belgian
Congo.

~——— Charadrius tricollaris tricollaris Vieillot
Charadrius tricollaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 147.
(Africa, restricted type locality, Cape Town, Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 57.)
Eastern and southern Africa from Somaliland and the Egyptian Sudan
to Cape Province, westward across Rhodesia to Angola and north to the
mouth of the Congo.

~~~ ~Charadrius tricollaris bifrontatus Cabanis
Charadrius (Aegialites) bifrontatus Cabanis, Orn. Centralbl., 7, 1882,
p. 14. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.

—— Charadrius mongolus atrifrons Wagler
Charadrius atrifrons Wagler, Isis von Oken, 22, 1829, col. 650. (Bengal.)
Breeds on the Kirghiz Steppes (probably also in other parts of southern
Siberia and in Turkestan), Ladak and Tibet. Migrates south in winter to
Persia, Baluchistan, India, Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula,
Greater Sunda Islands, Red Sea coasts, eastern Africa south to the Zam-
besi; islands in the Indian Ocean.

—— Charadrius mongolus mongolus Pallas
Charadrius mongolus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1776,
p. 700. (Salt lakes toward the Mongolian border = Kulussutai,
probably on the Onon River, Siberia, fide Ridgway, 1919, p. 134.)
Breeds from eastern Siberia, Kamchatka and the Commander Islands
south to Mongolia. Migrates south in winter to Japan, eastern China,
the Philippines, Caroline and Marianne Islands, Celebes, the Moluccas,
New Guinea and Australia.

Q54 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia Ord "

Charadrius wilsonia Ord, in Wilson’s Am. Orn., 9, 1814, p. 77, pl. 73,
f. 5. (Cape May, New Jersey.)

Breeds on the coast of the southeastern and southern United States
from Virginia south to Florida and west to Texas. Winters in Florida and
along the Gulf coast, south along the east coast of Central America to
Honduras.

Charadrius wilsonia rufinucha (Ridgway)
Aigialitis Wilsonius var. rufinucha Ridgway, Am. Nat., 8, 1874, p. 109.
(Spanishtown, Jamaica.)
Resident in the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles and northern
Lesser Antilles. Birds from the coast of British Honduras may be refer-
able here.

Charadrius wilsonia beldingi (Ridgway)

Pagolla wilsonia beldingt Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8,
1919, p. 108 (in key), p. 112. (La Paz, Lower California.)
Resident on the Pacific coast from Lower California to Peru.

Charadrius wilsonia cinnamominus (Ridgway)
Pagolla wilsonia cinnamomina Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50,
pt. 8, 1919, p. 108 (in key), p. 113. (Sabanilla, Colombia.)

Caribbean coast of South America from Colombia to Cayenne; islands
of Aruba, Bonaire, Margarita and Trinidad.

- Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson

Charadrius Leschenaultii Lesson, Dict. Sci. Nat., 6d. Levrault, 42, 1826,
p. 36. (Pondicherry, India.)1

Eudromias crassirostris Severtzov, Izvest. Imp. Obshch. Estestr. Antr. i
Etnogr. Moskva, 8, no. 2 [‘‘Turkestanski Jevotni”’], 1873, p. 146.
(Perovsk, Chatir-kul, and shores of the Caspian Sea near the Gulf of
Krasnovodsk.)?

Pagoa zanda Mathews, Emu, 16, 1916, p. 35. New name for the bird
figured and described, Bds. Austr., 3, p. 100, pl. 136. (Point Torment,
North-West Australia.)

Known to breed on the Kirghiz Steppes and in northwestern Mongolia;
breeding range thought to extend across Asia from Transcaspia to Korea
and south to Persia and possibly to the Red Sea.? Winters from southern
Asia, south of Turkestan and Korea, to South Africa, India, Sunda Islands,
the Moluccas, Australia and the Solomon Islands.

1 Replaces Charadrius geoffroyt Wagler, 1827.

2 Prof. Neumann (in litt.) informs me that this is a valid race, breeding
from the Caspian Sea to Ferghana and perhaps western Turkestan.

3 Ticehurst, Bull. B.O.C., 50, 1929, p. 7-10, believes that Charadrius colum-
binus Wagler should be used for a supposedly small form of this plover whose
breeding place is unknown, but thought to include Persia and northeastern
Africa.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE 255

Genus ELSEYORNIS MatHews

Elseya Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 125, 135. Type, by original
designation, Charadrius melanops Vieillot. Not Elseya Grandidier,
1867.

Elseyornis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 87. New name for
Elseya Mathews, preoccupied.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 135-143.

—_— Elseyornis melanops (Vieillot)
Charadrius melanops Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 139.
(‘Terres Australes’ = New South Wales apud Mathews.)
Charadrius melanops marngli Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 218.
(Marngle Creek, North-West Australia.)!

Australia and Tasmania.

GEeNus EUPODA J. F. Branprt?

Eupoda J. F. Brandt, in Tchihatchev’s Voy. Sci. Altai Orient., 1845,
p. 444. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius asiaticus Pallas.

Eupodella Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 83. Name proposed for
those who “‘ may consider Eupoda preoccupied by Eupodes Koch
1835.” Type, by original designation, Charadrius veredus Gould.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1547-1548.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 104-107.

——— Eupoda asiatica (Pallas)
Charadrius asiaticus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773,
p. 715. (Salt lakes of the South Tartar Steppes.)
Breeds from the lower Volga in southeastern Russia east to Dzungaria,
south to eastern Persia and the Tian Shans. Migrates through Lenkoran,
Persia, Arabia and eastern Africa. Winters chiefly in South Africa.

Eupoda veredus (Gould)

Charadrius veredus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 38. (North-
ern Australia.)

Breeds in Mongolia and northern China. Migrates through China and
Japan and winters in the Sunda Islands, Celebes, the Moluccas and
Australia.

1 Charadrius russatus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 12, 1840, p. 213
(Madras, India), is considered by Mathews to be a prior name for marngli on
the grounds that the species could not reach India from eastern Australia!

2 Includes Ochthodromus asiaticus and O. veredus and the monotypic genus
Podasocys Coues of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

256 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

__.- Eupoda montana (J. K. Townsend)

Charadrius montanus J. K. Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
7, 1837, p. 192. (Central tableland of the Rocky Mountains = near
Sweetwater River, Wyoming.)

Breeds from northern Montana and western Nebraska south to northern
New Mexico and northwestern Texas. Winters from northern California,
southern Arizona and southern Texas to Lower California and central
Mexico.

GrENus OREOPHOLUS JARDINE AND SELBY

Oreopholus Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., 3, 1835, pl. 151. Type, by
monotypy, Oreopholus totanirostris Jardine and Selby = Charadrius
ruficollis Wagler.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 378-

380.

Oreopholus ruficollis (Wagler)
Charadrius ruficollis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 22, 1829, col. 653. (Cane-
lones, Uruguay.)
Oreophilus ruficollis simonsi Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 262. (Challapata,
3750 met., and Uyuni, 3660 met., Bolivia.)

Breeds in the Cordillera and high plateaus of southern South America
from northern Chile and Bolivia south to the Straits of Magellan. In
winter descending to the plains and migrating north to Peru, and into
eastern Argentina and Uruguay.

GENus ERYTHROGONYS Gov.p

Erythrogonys Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, pl. 73 and text.
Type, by monotypy, Erythrogonys cinctus Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 31-39.

__Erythrogonys cinctus Gould
Erythrogonys cinctus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, pl. 73 and text.
(New South Wales.)

Erythrogonys cinctus mixtus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 215.
(North-West Australia, type from Parry’s Creek.)

Australia.

GrENus EUDROMIAS C. L. Breum

Eudromias C. L. Brehm, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 987. Type, by
monotypy, Charadrius morinellus Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1545-1547.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE Q57

—

~~ Eudromias morinellus (Linné)

Charadrius Morinellus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p. 150. (Europe,
restricted type locality Sweden, apud Hartert, p. 1545.)

Breeds on the tundras, mountains and plateaus of Europe and Asia from
Scotland, Scandinavia, northern Russia (including Novaya Zemlya) and
northern Siberia, south to Germany, the Tirol, the Urals, Ala-tau, Altai,
Sayan Mountains and probably to the mountains of Transbaikalia.
Winters in the lands bordering the Mediterranean; Arabia and Persia.

Genus ZONIBYX ReEIcHENBACH

Zonibyx Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xviii. Type, by
monotypy, Vanellus cinctus Lesson = Charadrius modestus Lichten-
stein.

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 238-240.

~——. Zonibyx modestus (Lichtenstein)

Charadrius modestus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berl. Mus., 1823, p. 71.
(Montevideo, Uruguay.)
Breeds in extreme southern Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and on the
Falkland Islands. Winters in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay.

GrENnus THINORNIS G. R. Gray

Thinornis G. R. Gray, Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds., 1845, p. 11.
Type, by monotypy, Thinornis rossii G. R. Gray = Charadrius
novae-seelandiae Gmelin.

cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 160-161.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 289-291.

——____ Thinornis novae-seelandiae (Gmelin)

Charadrius nove-Seelandiex Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 684.
(New Zealand = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, ex Latham,
Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, p. 206, no. 10, pl. 83.)

Occurred formerly in New Zealand on North and South Islands, Great

Barrier Island and the Chatham Islands: now confined to certain islets
in the Chatham group.

Genus ANARHYNCHUS Quoy anp GaIMARD

Anarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 252.
Type, by monotypy, Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard.
cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 291-292.

——— Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard

Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1,
1830, p. 252. (Baie Chouraki, 7.e. Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New
Zealand.)

Breeds on South Island, New Zealand; migrating to North Island.

958 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus PLUVIANELLUS G. R. Gray

Pluvianellus ‘‘Hombron and Jacquinot ”’ G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3,
Dec., 1846, p. [549]. Type, by monotypy, P. socialis? Hombron and
Jacquinot = Pluvianellus socialis G. R. Gray.!

cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 303-304.

Pluvianellus socialis G. R. Gray

Pluvianellus socialis? ‘‘ Hombron and Jacquinot”’ G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds.,
8, Dec., 1846, p. [549]. (No locality = Straits of Magellan.) Based
on “‘ Pluvianelle sociable” Voy. Péle Sud., Atlas, Ois., pl. 30, f. 1.

Straits of Magellan.

GEeNus PHEGORNIS G. R. Gray?

Phegornis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, p. [545]. Type, by original
designation, Leptopus mitchellii Fraser. New name for Leptopus
Fraser, not of Rafinesque; Leptoscelis DesMurs, not of Halliday;
Leptodactylus Fraser, not of Fitzinger.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 392-
393.

Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 682.

Phegornis mitchellii (Fraser)

Leptopus * (Leptodactylus) Mitchellit Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1844 (1845), p. 157. (Chile, probably in the Province of Colchagua.)

Recorded from the Puna zone of Peru (Puno and Lake Junin), ‘‘Bo-
livia,” northern Chile south to Colchagua; western Argentina (provinces
of Mendoza and Tucumdn).!

Famity SCOLOPACIDAE

SuspraMity TRINGINAE

Genus AECHMORHYNCHUS CovgEs

Aichmorhynchus Coues, Bds. Northwest, 1874, p. 506. Type, by
monotypy, Tinga parvirostris Peale.

1 Pluvianellus Hombron and Jacquinot was not published until 1853 (Voy.
Péle Sud., Zool., 3, Mamm. et Ois., p. 124). The species was figured in the
“Atlas” (pl. 30, f. 1), which apparently appeared between 1842 and 1846,
under the vernacular name of “Pluvianelle sociable.”

2 The systematic position of this bird is uncertain; Lowe, Ibis, 1931, p. 722,
places it at the end of his Charadriine series and I follow him in assigning it
provisionally to this subfamily.

3 At the same time Fraser proposed the substitute name Leptodactylus in
a footnote.

4 Specimen in Mus. Comp. Zo6l. taken on Aconquija, 16 Oct., 1917, by J.
Mogensen.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 259

cf. Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 119-120, pl. 35, f. 1.
Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 63, 1919, p. 182-183.
Lowe, Ibis, 1927, p. 114-132 (anatomy.)

———jAechmorhynchus cancellatus (Gmelin)
Tringa cancellata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 675. (Christmas
Isiand, Pacific Ocean, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, Barred Phala-
rope, p. 274.)
Unique. Now extinct.!

Aechmorhynchus parvirostris (Peale)
Tringa parvirostris Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 235. (Dog
for Honden] and Raraka Islands, Paumotu Group.)
Islands of the Paumotu Group.

GEeNus PROSOBONIA Bonaparte

Prosobonia Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 31, 1850, p. 562.
Type, by original designation, Tinga leucoptera Gmelin.

cf. Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 118-119, pl. 35, f. 2.

{Prosobonia leucoptera (Gmelin)

Tringa leucoptera Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 678. (Islands of
Tahiti and Eimeo, ex Latham, Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, White-winged
Sandpiper, p. 172, pl. 82.)

Prosobonia ellisi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 86. (Eimeo
Island.)?

Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands. Now extinct.

GENus BARTRAMIA Lesson

Bartramia Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 7, 1831, p. 553. Type, by mono-
typy, Bartramia laticauda Lesson = Tringa longicauda Bechstein.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 378-385.
Lowe, Ibis, 1931, p. 759-761 (anatomy.)

~—— Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein)

Tringa longicauda Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. Ueb. Vég., 4, pt. 2,
1812, p.453. (North America.)

Breeds from northwestern Alaska, southern Mackenzie, southern Mani-
toba, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and central

' 1 Latham’s type was in the Banksian collection; its present whereabouts
is not known and it is probably irretrievably lost.

2 According to Sharpe, Latham examined three specimens, now no longer
extant, in the Banksian collection; the description of ellist is based on the un-
published drawing by Ellis of a bird from Eimeo, which Sharpe thought was
not the same as the bird figured by Forster from Tahiti.

260 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Maine, south to southern Oregon, northeastern Utah, Colorado, southern
Oklahoma, southern Missouri, southern Indiana and northern Virginia.
Winters in southern South America east of the Andes from Brazil and
northern Argentina south to the Rio Negro.

Genus NUMENIUS Brisson !

Numenius Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 311. Type, by tautonymy,
Numenius Brisson = Scolopax arquata Linné.
Zarapita Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 168. (Spelled Zarapeta,
p. 169). Type, by original designation, Nwmenius tenuirostris Vieillot.
cf. Hartert, Vg. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1641-1651.
Neumann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1932, p. 148-150.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 385-416.

Numenius minutus Gould

Numenius minutus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 176.
(New South Wales.)

Breeds in central and eastern Siberia? on the highlands at the sources
of the Khatanga; on the alpine zone of the mountain ranges between the
Lena and the Adycha north to lat. 68° and on the Tukuringa Mountains;
probably also on the Stanovoi Range. Migrates through Transbaikalia,
Mongolia and northeastern China; winters on the Moluccas, Kei and Aru
Islands, but chiefly in Australia.

_ Numenius borealis (J. R. Forster)

Scolopax borealis J. R. Forster, Philos. Trans., 62, 1772, p. 411, 481.
(Fort Albany, Hudson Bay.)

Bred formerly on the Barren Grounds of northern Mackenzie and the
Norton Sound region of Alaska. Wintered in Chile and on the plains of
Argentina. The southward migration route was from the coast of Labra-
dor, New England and Long Island over the Atlantic Ocean, returning
northward across the Gulf of Mexico and up the Mississippi Valley. Now
virtually extinct.

Numenius phaeopus phaeopus (Linné)

Scolopax Phxeopus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 146. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Numenius pheopus alboaxillaris Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,

p. 110. (Inhambane, Portuguese Hast Africa.)?

1 Includes Mesoscolopax Sharpe of Sharpe’s Hand-list; neither can I see
that any useful purpose is served by recognizing Phaeopus Cuvier or Zarapita
Mathews.

2 Tugarinov, Journ. f. Orn., 1929, Hartert Festschr., Bd. 2, p. 136-142.

3 Believed by its describer to be a resident form in Hast Africa and on Mauri-
tius; there is, however, no actual evidence to this effect. If alboazillaris is a
valid form, its breeding range will probably be found somewhere in western
Siberia.

——eec

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 261

Breeds in southwestern Greenland?, Iceland,! the Faroes, Orkney and
Shetland Islands, northern Scandinavia, Lapland, Finland, northern
Russia (south to Samara and Orenburg in the southeast) and western
Siberia to Tobolsk and the upper Irtysh. Winters throughout Africa,
Madagascar, Arabia, northwestern India and islands in the western
Indian Ocean.

~Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scopoli)

Tantalus variegatus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786,
p. 92. (No locality = Luzon, ex Sonnerat.)

Breeds in East Siberia west to the Lena River. Winters from eastern
China over the entire Indo-Australasian Archipelago to New Guinea,
Solomon Islands, Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia, Caroline, Marianne
and Pelew Islands. In migration on the Commander Islands and Japan.

- Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus Latham

Numenius hudsonicus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 712. (Hudson
Bay.)

Breeds on the Arctic coast of North America from Norton Sound to the
Anderson River, and locally to Fort Churchill. Winters from southern
California, south on the Pacific coast of America to Chiloé Island, Chile,
and on the east coast from British Guiana to the mouth of the Amazon;
Galapagos Archipelago. In migration on both coasts of North America
and islands in the West Indies.

Numenius tahitiensis (Gmelin)
Scolopax tahitiensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 656. (Tahiti,
Society Islands, based on the Otaheite Curlew of Latham, Gen. Syn..,
3, pt. 1, p. 122, no. 4.)

Actual breeding place unknown, but supposed to be in western Alaska
between the Kowak River and the Kenai Peninsula. Winters on islands
in the Pacific Ocean from Lisiansky and the Hawaiian Islands south to
the Marshall, Gilbert, Phoenix and Society Islands.

Numenius tenuirostris Vieillot
Numenius tenwrostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 302.
(Egypt.)

Known to breed in southwestern Siberia on the upper Irtysh and about
Lake Tschany; thought to breed on the upper Ob and in the Turgai dis-
trict. Winters in the countries bordering the Mediterranean. Occurs
on migration in eastern Europe, Transcaspia and Persia.

1 Salomonsen, Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk naturh. Foren., 90, 1931, p. 365-
369, proposes to set up Numenius islandicus C. L. Brehm for the bird breeding
in Iceland, on the basis of average larger size; in my opinion the difference in
measurements is not sufficient and the amount of overlapping too large to
permit a satisfactory separation.

262 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Numenius arquata arquata (Linné)

Scolopax Arquata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in the British Isles, Norway, Sweden, Brittany, Holland, Bel-
gium, coasts of the Baltic Sea, Poland, northern Russia south to Perm, also
Switzerland, Austria, Galicia and about the mouths of the Danube.
Winters in Ireland, the North Sea, the Mediterranean countries, Africa,
Madagascar, northwestern India and Ceylon.

Numenius arquata sushkini Neumann
Numenius arquata sushkinti Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 37, 1929, p. 76.
(Degama, Senegal.)
Breeds on the steppes of southeastern Russia east of the Volga, the
Orenburg district to the lower Tobol and the Kirghiz Steppes. Winters
in northern tropical and subtropical Africa.

Numenius arquata orientalis C. L. Brehm
Numenius orientalis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vég. Deutschl.,
1831, p. 610. (East Indies.) 3
Breeds in the southern Baikal region and in Dauria, probably west-
ward into West Siberia. Winters in eastern Africa, Madagascar, India,
Ceylon, Burma, Indochina and the Malay Archipelago.

—Numenius madagascariensis (Linné)

Scolopax madagascariensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 242.
(Madagascar, error = Macassar, Celebes, as designated by Neumann,
antea, p. 150.)

Numenius cyanopus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 306.
(New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia north of Kamchatka and probably as far west
as the Stanovoi Mountains; northern Kuriles (?). Winters from China,
Korea and Japan south to the Philippines, Sunda Islands, Celebes,
Moluccas, New Guinea and Australia.

Numenius americanus occidentalis Woodhouse
Numineus (sic) occidentalis Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
6, 1852 (1853), p. 194. (Near Albuquerque, New Mexico.)
Numenius americanus parvus Bishop, Auk, 27, 1910, p. 59. (Crane
Lake, Saskatchewan.)

Breeds from eastern British Columbia to Manitoba and south to Oregon,
Wyoming and South Dakota. Winters south to southern California and
northern Mexico.

1 Replaces Numenius lineatus Cuvier, Régne Anim., nouv. éd., 1, 1829,

p. 521, note 2, nomen nudum. Cuvier does not describe the bird but gives it
a French vernacular name “le C[ourlis] 4 m[éches] ét[roites] de I’ Inde.”

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 263

~—— Numenius americanus americanus Bechstein

Numenius americanus Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. Ueb. Vog., 4,

pt. 2, 1812, p. 482. (New York.)

Now breeds only in southern Idaho, eastern Nevada and Utah; formerly
bred east to Wisconsin and Illinois. Winters from the southwestern
United States to Guatemala; formerly on the Gulf and southeastern
Atlantic coasts.

Grnus LIMOSA Brisson

Limosa Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 261. Type, by tautonymy,
Inmosa Brisson = Scolopax limosa Linné.
Vetola Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 191. Type, by original desig-
nation, Scolopax lapponica Linné.
cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1636-1641.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 177-195.

——— Limosa limosa limosa (Linné)

Scolopax Limosa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 147. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Limosa limosa robustiformis Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1, 1918,

p. 15, sep. pag. (Turkestan.)!

Breeds in Iceland, the Faroes (?) and locally in Europe and western
Asia, from southern Sweden, the Baltic Republics, Poland, Russia north to
lat. 60°, west to the middle Irtysh, south to Belgium, Germany, Hungary,
Rumania, southern Russia and western Turkestan. On migration over the
greater part of Kurope and western Asia; winters chiefly in the Mediter-
Tanean countries, Africa from Gambia to Ethiopia, India, Ceylon, Assam
and Burma.

~——- Limosa limosa melanuroides Gould
Limosa Melanuroides Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 84. (Port
Essington, Australia.)
Breeds in eastern Asia from northwestern Mongolia to Kamchatka.
On migration over China to Lower Burma, the Philippines, Sunda Islands,
the Bismarck Archipelago and northern Australia.

——— Limosa haemastica (Linné)
Scolopax Hxemastica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 147. (North
America = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 138.)
Breeds on the Barren Grounds of arctic North America from north-
eastern Alaska east to Southampton Island and the west shore of Hudson
Bay (Churchill). Winters on the coasts of southern South America from
Chile on the west and Argentina on the east, southward; Falkland Islands.

1 Original not seen; so quoted in Zoological Record for 1931.

964 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

- Limosa lapponica lapponica (Linné)
Scolopax lapponica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 147. (Lapland.)
Breeds locally in northern Europe and northern Asia from northern
Scandinavia east probably to the Taimyr Peninsula. Winters south to
the coasts of tropical Africa (Senegambia and Somaliland), Mekran coast,
Persian Gulf and northwestern India.

Limosa lapponica baueri Naumann

Limosa Baueri Naumann, Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 8, 1836, p. 429. (New
Holland = Victoria, apud Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 220.)

Breeds in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America from the
Taimyr Peninsula east to the Colville delta, south to Kamchatka and
Unalaska Island. Migrates through eastern Asia, the Philippine Islands
and Greater Sunda Islands; winters in New Guinea, Australia and New
Zealand. Has been taken on many islands in the western Pacific Ocean
from the Hawaiian group to New Caledonia and the Fijis.

Limosa fedoa (Linné)
Scolopax Fedoa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 146. (North Amer-
ica = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 137.)
Breeds from southern Alberta and southern Manitoba south to South
Dakota (formerly to Utah, Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin). Winters
from central Lower California, Louisiana and Georgia south to Peru.

Genus TRINGA LINNE

Tringa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. Type, by tautonymy,
Tringa ocrophus Linné (Tringa, prebinomial specific name in syn-
onymy).

Neoglottis Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 148
(in key), p. 329. Type, by original designation, Scolopax melano-
leuca Gmelin.

The genus Tringa as here constituted is subdivided by some authors
as follows: — Tringa for ocrophus and solitaria; Totanus Bechstein, for
totanus; Erythroscelus Kaup, for erythropus; Neoglottis Ridgway, for
flavipes and melanoleucus; Iliornis Kaup, for stagnatilis; Glottis Koch,
for nebularia and Rhyacophilus Kaup, for glareola.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1606-1616; 1617-1621.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 322-346; 352—
365.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 214-217;
220-226; 8, 1930, p. 526-530.

Tringa erythropus (Pallas)
Scolopax erythropus Pallas, in Vroeg’s Cat., 1764, Adumbr., p. 6. (Hol-
land.)

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 965

Breeds in Scandinavia north of the Arctic Circle, northern Russia south
to Moscow, Kazan and Orenberg, and in northern Asia east to Kamchatka.
Winters south to Africa, India, Burma, China, Japan and the Malay
States.

—_Tringa totanus robusta (Schigler)

Totanus calidris robustus Schigler, Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidskr., 13, 1919,
p. 211. (Iceland.)

Breeds in Iceland (birds from the Faroes may be of this race). Par-
tially resident, but some winter in the British Isles and in western Europe
south to Morocco.

Tringa totanus bewickii (Rennie)

Totanus Bewickii Rennie, in Montagu, Orn. Dict., ed. 2, 1831, p. 412.
New name for Tringa erythropus Bewick, not Scolopax erythropus
Pallas. (Rippengale Fen, Lincolnshire, England.)!

Breeds in the British Isles; the birds breeding in at least the southern

half of continental Europe south to the Mediterranean are believed to be
referable to this form.’

——Tringa totanus totanus (Linné)

Scolopax Totanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds from Scandinavia east to west Siberia (see note under T’. ¢.
bewickii).

Tringa totanus eurhinus (Oberholser)

Totanus totanus eurhinus Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 22, 1900,
p. 207. (Tso Moriri Lake, 15000 ft., Ladak.)

Tringa totanus terrignote Meinertzhagen and Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 85. (Koko Nor.)

Breeds in central and eastern Asia (probably from the Altai) east to
Transbaikalia and perhaps further, south to the Himalayas and western
Kansu. Winters in India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay States, southern China,
Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes; recorded as far west as Iraq and
Egypt.’

1 Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1932, p. 17-18.

2 The breeding range of Tringa totanus in Europe and western Asia extends
from Norway to west Siberia south to the Mediterranean, Asia Minor and pos-
sibly northern Persia. Winters in Africa south to Cape Province and in west-
ern Asia south to Arabia. The dividing lines between the breeding ranges of
bewickzt and totanus remain to be determined.

3 For totally different opinions as to the validity and characters of the east
Asiatic forms of Totanus totanus see: —

Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., 68, 1928, p. 322-323.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 221-222.

Meinertzhagen, in Nicoll’s Bds. Egypt., 2, 1930, p. 567-569.

Kozlova, Ibis, 1932, p. 576-577.

266 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tringa flavipes (Gmelin)

Scolopax flavipes Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 659. (New York.)

Breeds from Kotzebue Sound, northern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba
and Ungava, south to northern British Columbia, central Alberta and
southern Manitoba; formerly to Illinois and New York. Winters in Chile
and Argentina south to the Straits of Magellan, casually farther north;
migrates chiefly east of the Rocky Mountains over the West Indies, Mexico
and Central America.

Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein)

Totanus stagnatilis Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., 1803, p. 292,
pl. 29. (Germany.)

Iliornis stagnatilis addenda Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 126.
(Northern Territory, Australia. New name for the bird figured and
described, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 200, pl. 149.)

Totanus stagnatilis longitarsus Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1,
1918, p. 14, sep. pag. (West Siberia.)

Totanus stagnatilis bechstent Zarudny and Smirnov, Journ. Turkestan
Geogr. Soc., 16, 1923, p. 118. (Urals.)!

Breeds in southeastern Europe, central and southern Russia and across
middle Asia south of lat. 56° at least as far east as Transbaikalia, south to
Turkestan and northern Mongolia. Migrates in winter to Africa, Arabia,
India, Burma, Indo-Chinese countries, Sunda Islands and the Moluccas
to Australia.

Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus)

Scolopax nebularia Gunnerus, in Leem, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767,
p. 251. (District of Trondhjem, Norway.)

Glottis nebularius georgi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 126.
(New South Wales. New name for the bird figured and described.
Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 225, pl. 155.)

Glottis nebularius affinis Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1, 1918,
p. 14, sep. pag. (Turkestan.) ?

Breeds in Scotland, Norway, Sweden and Russia south to St. Peters-
burg, Kazan and Ufa and across northern Asia to Kamchatka, south to
about lat. 55° N. Winters in the Mediterranean countries, Africa, India,
Ceylon, Burma, southern China, Indo-Chinese countries, Japan, Formosa,
Hainan, Philippines and Sunda Islands eastward to Australia and New
Zealand.

Tringa melanoleuca (Gmelin)
Scolopax melanoleuca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 659. (Sandy
shores of Labrador = Chateau Bay, Labrador.)

1 Originals not seen, but so listed in Zoological Record for 1931 and 1928

respectively.
2 Original not seen, but so quoted in Zoological Record for 1931.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 267

Totanus melanoleucus frazari Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 41,
1902, p. 65. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.)

Breeds from Cook Inlet, Alaska, east through southern Mackenzie,
central Alberta, Labrador and Newfoundland, south to southern British
Columbia, southern Manitoba, Mingan Islands and Anticosti Island.
Winters from central California, the Gulf States and South Carolina over
the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America to the Straits of
Magellan.

———Tringa ocrophus Linné

Tringa Ocrophus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Tringa ochropus assami Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 188.

(Assam.)
Helodromas ochropus similis Zarudny, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien, 1,
1918, p. 14, sep. pag. (Turkestan.)!

Breeds in Scandinavia, northern Russia north to the Arctic Circle,
northern Asia north to lat. 61° N. in western Siberia and 64° N. on the
Lena, south to Denmark, northern Germany (locally to the Carpathians),
Transcaspia, Turkestan, the Altai, northwestern Mongolia, Transbaikalia
and the Amur River. Winters in the British Isles, Mediterranean region,
Africa south to Angola and Kenya Colony, southern Asia, Formosa, Hainan
and the Philippines.

-——Tringa solitaria cinnamomea (Brewster)
Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus Brewster, Auk, 7, 1890, p. 377. (San |
José del Cabo, Lower California.)
Breeds in Alaska and probably east to Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie.
Winters in South America from Ecuador to Argentina; in migration
through western North America.

~———. Tringa solitaria solitaria Wilson
Tringa solitaria Wilson, Am. Orn., 7, 1813, p. 53, pl. 58, f. 3. (Pocono
Mountain, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and New York.)
Known to breed in central Alberta and probably does so locally east to
Newfoundland. Winters from southern Texas and the West Indies to
Ecuador, possibly farther.

——— Tringa glareola Linné
Tringa Glareola Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Rhyacophilus glareola picturata Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916,
p. 82. (North-West Australia. ‘‘New name for the bird figured and
described in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 231, pl. 156.’’)

1 Original not seen by me, but name and reference so listed in Zoological
Record for 1931.

268 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in northern Europe and northern Asia from northern Norway,
northern Russia and the southern edge of the Siberian tundra, south to
Belgium, northern Germany, Novgorod, southern Urals, southeastern
Altai, southwestern Transbaikalia, Amur River, Sakhalin, Kamchatka and
the northern Kuriles. Winters throughout Africa, India, Ceylon, south-
eastern Asia, Japan, Philippines, and the Malay Archipelago to Australia.

Genus PSEUDOTOTANUS Hume!

Pseudototanus Hume, Str. Feath., 7, 1878, p. 488. Type, by monotypy,
Totanus haughtoni Armstrong = Totanus guttifer Nordmann.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1616-1617.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 226-227.

.

Pseudototanus guttifer (Nordmann)

Totanus guttifer Nordmann, in Erman’s Reise, Naturh. Atlas, 1835,
p. 17. (Okhotsk.)

Probably breeds in eastern Siberia; reports of its breeding in Tibet re-
quire confirmation. Occurs on migration on the shores of the Sea of
Okhotsk and Kamchatka; recorded from Bering Island. Winters in
northeastern India, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Hainan.

Genus XENUS Kavp?

Xenus Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 115. Type,
by monotypy, Scolopax cinerea Gildenstaedt.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1625-1627.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 211-213; 8,
1930, p. 525-526.

Xenus cinereus (Gildenstaedt)

Scolopax cinerea Giildenstaedt, Novi Comm. Sci. Petropol., 19, 1774,
p. 473, pl. 19. (Shores of the Caspian Sea about the mouth of the
Terek River.)

Terekia cinerea australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 69.
(Melville Island, Northern Territory. New name for the bird figured
and described, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 226, pl. 154.)

Breeds from southern Finland, Dvina Delta, lat. 67° N. on the Ob,
70° N. on the Yenessei and 68° 30’ N. on the Kolyma, south to Ryazan,

1 Replaces Pseudoglottis Stejneger of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Replaces Terekia Bonaparte of Sharpe’s Hand-list, which name, however,
is still retained by those who consider Xenus of Kaup preoccupied by Xenos
of Rossi.

3 Stuart Baker recognizes an eastern and a western form of this species,
but on such variable characters that it does not seem possible to make a sub-
division that will prove tenable.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 269

the southern Urals, lat. 51° N. in western Siberia, Minussinsk in central
Siberia and some point north of Lake Baikal. Winters in eastern Africa,
Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, Australia and
Tasmania.

Genus ACTITIS Ixurcer!

Actitis Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 262. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Tringa hypoleucos Linné. (Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
no. 29, 1885, p. 131.)

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1623-1625.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 371-377.

~—— Actitis hypoleucos (Linné)

Tringa Hypoleucos Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds throughout Europe and Asia, south of the tundra, south to north-
ern Spain, northern Italy, southern Russia, Persia, Baluchistan, Kashmir,
Mongolia, Manchuria and Japan. Winters in Madeira and on the Cape
Verde Islands, all of Africa, India, Ceylon, southeastern Asia north to
southern China and Formosa, the Philippines and the Malay Archi-
pelago to Australia.

_—._Actitis macularia (Linné)

Tringa macularia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 249. (Europe
and North America = Pennsylvania, ex reference to Edwards, pl.
Did, te 2)

Breeds throughout North America from the limit of trees in northwest-
ern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, the Ungava Penin-
sula and Newfoundland, south to southern California, southern New
Mexico, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, central Alabama and north-
ern South Carolina. Winters from southern British Columbia, Louisiana
and South Carolina, throughout Mexico and the West Indies to central
Peru, Bolivia and southern Brazil.

Genus CATOPTROPHORUS Bonaparte?

Catoptrophorus Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 2, 1827, p. 323.
Type, by monotypy, Totanus semtpalmatus Temminck = Scolopax
semipalmata Gmelin.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 314-322.

Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster)

Symphemia semipalmata inornata Brewster, Auk, 4, 1887, p. 145.
(Larimer County, Colorado.)

1 Replaces Tringoides Bonaparte of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
2 Replaces Symphemia Rafinesque of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

270 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from central Oregon, southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and south-
ern Manitoba south to northeastern California, central Colorado, Ne-
braska and northern Iowa. Winters on the Pacific coast of America from
California to Peru, the Galapagos Archipelago and on the Gulf coast of
the United States; in autumn migration occurs on the Atlantic coast of
the United States.

Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (Gmelin)

Scolopax semipalmata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 659. (New
Yorks)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus longicaudis Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric.
Porto Rico, 10, 1926, p. 76. (Boquerén, Puerto Rico.)
Breeds in Nova Scotia and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United
States from New Jersey to Texas; Bahama Islands. Probably breeds in
Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

GEeNus HETEROSCELUS Barrp 1

Heteroscelus Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. xxii,
xlvu, 728, 734. Type, by monotypy, Totanus brevipes Vieillot.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1621-1623.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 365-371.

Heteroscelus brevipes (Vieillot)

Totanus brevipes Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 6, 1816, p. 410. (No

locality given; the type is from Timor.)

Probably breeds in eastern Siberia? (no actual breeding localities
known). Winters in the Philippines, Caroline Islands, Malay Archipelago
and Celebes to New Guinea and Australia; on migration through Trans-
baikalia, Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands, the Japanese islands, Formosa
and eastern China.

Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin)

Scolopax incana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 658. (Eimeo
[= Moorea of the Society Group] and Palmerston Islands.)

Heteroscelus incanus portert Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916,
p. 82. (Cape York, Queensland. ‘“New name for the bird figured and
described in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 231, pl. 156.’’)

Breeds from south-central Alaska to east-central Yukon and south to
Prince William Sound. Winters on the coast and islands of western North
America from southern California to Ecuador and the Galapagos Archi-
pelago, and in the Hawaiian Islands, Polynesia, Micronesia, New Hebrides
and New Caledonia, occasionally to New Guinea, Australia and New Zea-
land; in migration occurs on the northwest coast of North America, north-
east coast of Asia and islands in Bering Sea.

1 Replaces Heteractitis Stejneger of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
? Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 170, gives this species as
“breeding in Alaska,”’ but he has the ranges of the two species transposed!

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE Q71

SuBFAMILY ARENARIINAE
Genus APHRIZA AupUBON

Aphriza Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, 1839, p. 249. Type, by monotypy,
Aphriza townsendi Audubon = Tinga virgata Gmelin.

cf. Lowe, Ibis, 1931, p. 747-750.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 58-61.

~ Aphriza virgata (Gmelin)

Tringa virgata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 674. (Prince Wil-
liam Sound, Alaska.)
Breeds on the Alaskan Mountains in south-central Alaska. Winters
southward along the Pacific coast of the Americas to the Straits of Magel-
lan.

Genus ARENARIA Brisson

Arenaria Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 132. Type, by tautonymy,
Arenaria Brisson = Tinga interpres Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1566-1569.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 42-56.

~ Arenaria interpres interpres (Linné)

Tringa Interpres Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Europe and
North America, restricted type locality, Gotland, Sweden.)

Arenaria interpres nova Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 69.
(Rottnest Island, West Australia; new name for bird ‘“‘figured and
described” Birds Austr., 3, p. 6, pl. 125.)

Breeds on the coasts of Greenland, in Iceland, northern Europe, Asia
and northwestern North America from Scandinavia to Alaska (Point
Barrow), including Kolguev Island, Novaya Zemlya and the New Si-
berian Islands, north to lat. 76° 30’ on the Taimyr Peninsula, south to
islands in the Cattegat, Riigen, Gulf of Riga and Kamchatka, St. Law-
rence Island, and western Alaska. Isolated colonies are found on the salt
lakes of the Kirghiz Steppes. Winters from the British Isles, Mediterra-
nean Sea, coasts of India, southern China, Japan, the Hawaiian Islands
and central California to South Africa, Madagascar, Malay Archipelago,
Australia, New Zealand, islands in the Pacific Ocean, Galapagos Archi-
pelago and west coast of South America to Chile.!

1 Some ornithologists believe that the birds wintering on the west coast of
South America are referable to A. 7. morinella; the latter is a very unsatis-
factory race and can be identified with certainty only in spring plumage. In
migration it appears to be confined to the Atlantic coast of America and its
breeding range would appear to be as outlined. I am unable to distinguish
a third form, Tringa oahuensis Bloxham, believed by some to be a recognizable
race breeding in eastern Asia and Alaska. The range given for morinella in
the A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, p. 108, should not extend west of Point Barrow.

272 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Arenaria interpres morinella (Linné)

Tringa Morinella Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 249. (Sea coast
of North America; Europe; restricted type locality, coast of Georgia,
ex Catesby.)

Breeds on the arctic coasts and islands of North America from the
Mackenzie to western Baffin Island, south to Southampton Island.
Winters in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf States of the United States,
the West Indies and east coast of South America to southern Brazil.

Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors)
Strepsilas melanocephalus Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828 (1829), p. 356.
(Northwest coast of North America.)
Breeds on the western and southern coasts of Alaska from Cape Prince
of Wales to the Sitka district. Winters from southeastern Alaska to
southern Lower California.

SUBFAMILY SCOLOPACINAE
Genus LIMNODROMUS Wiep !

Limnodromus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, 4, Abth., 2, 1833, p. 716.
Type, by monotypy, Scolopax noveboracensis Gmelin = Scolopax
grisea Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1604-1606.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 195-204.

Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus (Say)

Limosa scolopacea Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 1, 1823, p. 335.
(Near Boyer Creek = Council Bluffs, Iowa.)

Breeds in western and northern Alaska from the mouth of the Yukon
to Point Barrow and east to Franklin Bay, Mackenzie. Winters from
central California, the Gulf States and Florida, south on the west coast of
America to Ecuador, and to Cuba and Jamaica on the east. In migration
chiefly on the Pacific coast and in the Mississippi Valley, but occurring
also on the Atlantic coast and in eastern Asia.

Limnodromus griseus griseus (Gmelin)

Scolopax grisea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 658. (Shores of
New York, 7.e. Long Island.)

Limnodromus griseus hendersoni Rowan, Auk, 49, 1932, p. 22, pl. 2, mid.
fig.; pl. 3, figs. 1 B, 2 B,3 B,4.B,5 B. (California, British Columbia,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and South Carolina;
type either from Beaverhills Lake or Devil’s Lake, Alberta, cf. Rowan,
loc. cit., p. 32.)

1 Replaces Macrorhamphus Leach [= T. Forster] not of G. Fischer, of
Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE AP (3)

Known breeding grounds are in Alberta from Lake Athabasca south to
about lat. 53° N. and near Churchill on the west side of Hudson Bay;
known in summer from the intervening region. Winters from southern
California, the Gulf States and Florida, south to Peru and eastern Brazil.
In migration chiefly on the Atlantic coast of the United States.

~-... Limnodromus semipalmatus (Blyth)

Macrorhamphus semipalmatus “‘Jerdon”’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal,
17, pt. 1, 1848, p. 252. (Calcutta.)

Known to breed in western Siberia near Tara in the valley of the Irtysh,
the region about Barnaul in the valley of the Ob; in Transbaikalia in the
Argun Valley and in northwestern and central Mongolia. On migration
and in winter to China, Japan, northern India, Burma and Indo-Chinese
countries.

Genus COENOCORYPHA G. R. Gray

Cenocorypha G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 119. Type,
by original designation, Gallinago aucklandicus G. R. Gray.

cf. Lowe, Ibis, 1915, p. 690-716 and pl. (osteology).
A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1926, p. 515-518.

~—.. Coenocorypha aucklandica pusilla (Buller)

Gallinago pusilla Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 41. (Small rocky islet off Chatham
Island.)

Now confined to Mangare Island of the Chatham Islands.

Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei Rothschild

Cenocorypha aucklandica iredalet Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41,
1921, p. 63. (Jack Lees Island, New Zealand.)

Known only from Jack Lees Island, off South Island, New Zealand.

——— Coenocorypha aucklandica huegeli (Tristram)

Gallinago huegeli Tristram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 47. (Snares
Islands.)

Snares Islands.

Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae Rothschild
Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 34,
1927, p. 15. (Antipodes Island.)
Antipodes Island.

———Coenocorypha aucklandica aucklandica (G. R. Gray)

Gallinago aucklandica G. R. Gray, Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds.,
1845, p. 13, pl. 18. (Auckland Islands.)

Gallinago tristrami Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn., Cl., 3, 1893, p. 12.
(Antipodes Island, error = Auckland Islands.)

Auckland Islands.

Q74 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus CAPELLA Frenzezt !

Capella Frenzel, Beschr. Vogel und Eyer Wittenb., 1801, p. 58. Type,
by monotypy, Scolopax coelestis Frenzel = Scolopax gallinago Linné.

Ditelmatias Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1918, p. 282. Type, by original
designation, ‘‘Gallinago hardwickit Gray” = Scolopax hardwickii J. E.
Gray.

Neospilura Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 19138, p. 293. Type, by original
designation, ‘4S. solitaria Hodgson” = Gallinago solitaria Hodgson.
Macrodura Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 294. Type, by original

designation, Gallinago nobilis Sclater.
Odurella Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 294. Type, by original desig-
nation, Scolopax brasiliensis Swainson = Scolopax paraguaiae Vieillot.
Eugallinago Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 294. Type, by original
designation, Gallinago macrodactyla Bonaparte.
Subspilura Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 295. Type, by original
designation, Gallinago megala Swinhoe.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1655-1669.
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 387—
391.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 282-305.
A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1926, p. 477-512.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 159-177.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 254-265, pl. 1,
2 and 3; 8, 1930, p. 539-543.

Capella solitaria solitaria (Hodgson)
Gallinago solitaria Hodgson, Gleanings in Science, 3, 1831, p. 238.
(Nepal.)

Breeds in central Asia at high elevations from Tarbagatai, the Sayan
and Khangai Mountains, south to the Tian Shans and Himalayas, east to
Koko Nor and Upper Burma. Chiefly resident, but descending to lower
levels in winter; winter specimens from Bengal are probably referable to
this race.

Capella solitaria japonica (Bonaparte)

Spilura solitaria a japonica Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
43, 1856, p. 579. (Ex Scolopax solitaria Temminck and Schlegel, in
Siebold’s Fauna Jap., = Japan.)?

Breeds in east-central Asia from Transbaikalia, the Stanovoi Mountains
and Kamchatka, south to the eastern Nan Shans, the Alashans, Ussuri
and Japan. Chiefly resident, but descending to lower altitudes in winter;
winter specimens from eastern China are probably referable to this race.

1 Replaces Gallinago Koch, 1816.
2 For the characters of the two races of C. solitaria, cf. Meinertzhagen,
antea, p. 499; for their ranges, Kozlova, Ibis, 1932, p. 581.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE Q75

_—— Capella hardwickii (J. E. Gray)
Scolopax Hardwickii J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 16. (Tasmania.)
Breeds in the Kurile Islands (?) and in Japan from Hokkaido to Kiusiu.
Winters in Australia and Tasmania.

~~~ Capella nemoricola (Hodgson)
-Gallinago nemoricola ‘‘ Ej.’’ Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836,
p. 8. (Nepal.)
Breeds in the Himalayas, between 2000 and 12000 feet, from north-
eastern Punjab to the southern Shan States. Winters in southern India,
southern Assam and Burma.

~~~ Capella stenura (Bonaparte)
Scolopax stenura ‘‘Kuhl” Bonaparte, Ann. Stor. Nat. Bologna, 4, 1830,
p. 335. (Sunda Islands.)

Breeds in eastern Siberia west to the Yenessei, north to about lat. 67°,
south to eastern Turkestan (?), northern Tibet, the upper Hoang-ho,
Amurland and Sakhalin. Winters in India, Indo-Chinese countries, south-
ern China, Hainan, Formosa, the Greater Sunda Islands and Timor.

Capella megala (Swinhoe)
Gallinago megala Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 343. (Between Takoo and
Peking, China.)
Gallinago dubia Deichler, Journ. f. Orn., 45, 1897, p. 152. (Japan.)
Gallinago australis [!] owent Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 223.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)

Breeds in east-central’ Asia from southwestern Transbaikalia to Amur-
land, south to northern Mongolia, the upper Hoang-ho and Ussuri; Sak-
halin (?). Migrates through eastern China and Japan; winters in Burma,
the Philippines, Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas and northern Australia.

Capella nigripennis (Bonaparte)
Gallinago nigripennis Bonaparte, Icon. Fauna Ital., Ucc., fase. 25, 1839,
p. 4, text to pl. 43. (Cape of Good Hope.)

Resident in eastern and southern Africa from Angola on the west and
Ethiopia on the east, to Cape Province.

--.. Capella macrodactyla (Bonaparte)

Gallinago macrodactyla Bonaparte, Icon. Fauna Ital., Uce., fase. 25,
1839, p. 3, text to pl. 43. (No locality = Madagascar.)

Madagascar and Mauritius.

Capella media (Latham)
Scolopaxz Media Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl., 1787, p. 292. (England,
based on Gen. Syn., 3, pt. 1, p. 133, no. 4.)

Gallinago major orientalis Zarudny, Semja Ochotnikov, 1909, no. 1,
p. 12. (Persia?)

276 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in northern Europe and western Asia from northern Norway,
southern Finland, the White Sea and the lower Yenessei, south to Den-
mark, East Prussia, Poland, Bessarabia, Kirghiz Steppes and the Altai.
Migrates through southern Europe and southwestern Asia; winters in
Africa, south of the Sahara, mainly in the east.

Capella gallinago faeroeensis (C. L. Brehm)
Telmatias Faeroeensis C. L. Brehm, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 617. (Faroes.)
Breeds in Iceland and the Faroes; chiefly resident, a few migrating in
winter to the British Isles.

Capella gallinago gallinago (Linné)

Scolopax Gallinago Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 147. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Scolopax (Gallinago) gallinago raddei Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia

Okhota, 1912, author’s reprints, p. 54. (East Siberia.)

Breeds in Europe and Asia from Scandinavia to eastern Siberia, north
to lat. 66° 30’ to 70°, south to the British Isles, Pyrenees, the Alps, Balkan
States, Caucasus, Kirghiz Steppes, the Pamirs, Himalayas, Transbaikalia,
the Amur River, Hokkaido and the Kurile Islands. Winters in the south-
ern parts of its breeding range, Mediterranean region, Egypt, eastern Africa ~
south to Kenya Colony; Persia, India, Indo-Chinese countries, southern
China, Japan and the Greater Sunda Islands.

Capella delicata (Ord)

Scolopax delicata Ord, in reprint Wilson, Am. Orn., 9, 1825, p. ecxviil.
(Pennsylvania.)

Breeds from western Alaska, northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie,
northern Manitoba, Ungava and Newfoundland, south to southern Cali-
fornia, northern Nevada, southern Colorado, northern Iowa, northern
Indiana, central Ontario and northwestern Pennsylvania. Winters from
the southern part of its breeding range south through Central America
and the West Indies to Colombia and Brazil.

Capella paraguaiae paraguaiae (Vieillot)
Scolopax Paraguaiz Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3, 1816, p. 356.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 387.)
Scolopax frenata ‘‘Tlliger” Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 75.
(Brazil, based on Azara, no. 387.)
Scolopax Braziliensis Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 400, note. (Equinoctial Brazil.)
South America (east of the Andes) from Colombia east through Vene-
zuela and the Guianas south to southern Brazil, eastern Argentina (Buenos
Aires Province) and Uruguay.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE QT7

Capella paraguaiae magellanica (King)
Scolopax Magellanicus King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 93. (Straits of
Magellan.)

Breeds in southern South America from Chile (Province of Atacama)
and Argentina (Gobernacién de Rio Negro) south to Tierra del Fuego;
Falkland Islands. Partially resident, but in Argentina at least, migrating
north to Buenos Aires Province and Uruguay.

Capella paraguaiae andina (Taczanowski)
Gallinago andina Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1874 (1875),
p. 561. (Lake Junin, Peru.)
Highlands of Peru and northern Chile (Tarapacd).

Capella paraguaiae inrotata Hellmayr
Capella paraguaiae innotata Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 389. (Rio Loa, Antofogasta, Chile.)
Known only from the type locality.

~——. Capella nobilis (Sclater)
Gallinago nobilis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 31. (Bogota,
Colombia.)
Paramo zone of the Central and Eastern Andes of Colonabia and temper-
ate zone of the Andes of Ecuador.

~—... Capella undulata undulata (Boddaert)
Scolopax undulata Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, pl. 895.)
British Guiana and Cayenne, probably also Surinam.

~~. Capella undulata gigantea (Temminck)
Scolopax gigantea ‘“‘Natterer’’ Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 68, 1826, pl.
403. (Brazil.)
Known only from a few scattered localities in Brazil, Paraguay, northern
(Chaco) and eastern (Buenos Aires) Argentina.

Genus CHUBBIA MatHEews

Chubbia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p..291. Type, by original desig-
nation, ‘‘G. stricklandi Gray”? = Scolopax stricklandii G. R. Gray.
Homoscolopax Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 291. Type, by original
designation, (allinago imperialis Sclater = Gallinago imperialis
_ Scelater and Salvin.
cf. A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1926, p. 512-514.

Chubbia imperialis (Sclater and Salvin)
Gallinago imperialis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869,
p. 419. (Bogota, Colombia.)
Known only from the unique type.

278 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Chubbia jamesoni (Bonaparte)
Xylocota jamesoni ‘“‘Jard. et Bp.”’ Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 41, 1855, p. 660. (High Andes of Quito, Ecuador.)
Paramo zone of the Andes from northern Colombia to Bolivia.

Chubbia stricklandii (G. R. Gray)
Scolopax stricklandii G. R. Gray, Zool. Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’
Bds., 1845, pl. 23. (No locality = Hermit Island, Cape Horn.)
Southern Chile from Valdivia to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.

Genus SCOLOPAX Linneé!

Scolopax Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. Type, by tautonymy,
Scolopax rusticola Linné (Scolopax, prebinomial specific name in
synonymy).

Parascolopax Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 290. Type, by original
designation, Scolopax saturata Hodgson.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1651-1655.

Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 670-679.

Scolopax rusticola rusticola Linné

Scolopax Rusticola Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 146. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Scolopax rusticola iamasigi Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1927,
p. 76, Japanese text; p. 100, English text. (Province Echigo, Hondo,
Japan.)

Breeds in the British Isles, Scandinavia (north to lat. 70°), Russia (north
to lat. 66°) and across Asia (north to lat. 62°-64°), south to the Pyrenees,
Alps, northern Balkan States, Kashmir, the Himalayas, Ussuri and Japan.
Winters in the southern part of its range, the Mediterranean region,
Egypt, India, Ceylon, southern China and Japan. Resident on Madeira,
the Canary Islands and the Azores.

Scolopax rusticola mira Hartert
Scolopax rusticola mira Hartert, Bull. Brit. ou Cl., 36, 1916, p. 64.
(Amami-Oshima, Riu Kiu iiglemck, )
Confined to Amami-Oshima in the Riu Kiu Islands.

Scolopax saturata saturata Horsfield
Scolopax saturata Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 191. (Mountain Lake at 7000 feet, Java = Mount Prahu.)
Mountains of Sumatra and Java at elevations above 2000 met.

Scolopax saturata rosenbergii Schlegel
Scolopax Rosenbergii Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p. 54.
(Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.)
High mountains of New Guinea.

1 Includes Neoscolopax Salvadori of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 279

Scolopax celebensis heinrichi Stresemann

Scolopax celebensis heinricht Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 40, 1932,
p. 115. (Mahavu Volcano, 1100 met., Minahassa, Celebes.)

Northern peninsula of Celebes.

Scolopax celebensis celebensis Riley
Scolopax celebensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 34, 1921, p. 55. (Rano
Rano, Celebes.)
Central Celebes.

Scolopax rochussenii Schlegel
Scolopax Rochussenwi Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 254.
(Obi Major.) Col. pl. Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. Charad., pl. 20.
Known definitely only from the Island of Obi, Moluccas.

Genus PHILOHELA G. R. Gray

Philohela G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 90. Type, by origi-
nal designation, Scolopax minor Gmelin.

Philohela minor (Gmelin)

Scolopax minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 661. (New York,

ex Pennant.)

Breeds (chiefly east of the 100th meridian) in southern Canada and the
United States from southern Manitoba, northern Michigan, southern
Ontario, southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia south to
southern Louisiana and northern Florida. Winters from southern Mis-
souri, the Ohio Valley and southern New Jersey to the Gulf coast and
central Florida.

Genus LYMNOCRYPTES Kavup

Lymnocryptes Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 118.
Type, by monotypy, Scolopax gallinula Linné = Scolopax minima
Briinnich.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1669-1671.
Lymnocryptes minima (Briinnich)
Scolopax minima Brinnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 49. (Christians6.)

Breeds in northern Europe and Asia from northern Norway east to the
Kolyma Delta (apparently nowhere north of lat. 70°), south to Denmark,
Kast Prussia, Baltic States, central Russia and the forest steppe of Minus-
sinsk; southward limits in west and east Siberia not known. Winters in
western Europe, Mediterranean region, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia,
India, and Burma; casually to Nigeria and Kenya Colony.

1 Rubicola “Vieill.”” Jameson, in Jameson’s ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., 3, 1831,
p. 98, may be considered a typographical error for Rusticola Vieillot; the name
was credited to Vieillot and there is no evidence that a new name was intended.

280 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SUBFAMILY EROLIINAE
Genus CALIDRIS Merrem!

Calidris Anonymous = Merrem, Allg. Lit. Zeitung, 2, no. 168, 8 June,
1804, col. 542. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa calidris Gmelin = Tringa
canutus Linné.

Anteliotringa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 274. Type, by original
designation, T'otanus tenuirostris Horsfield.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1586-1589.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 230-238.

Calidris canutus canutus (Linné)
Tringa Canutus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Spitsbergen (the breeding bird of northeastern Greenland is
probably this form) and on the Taimyr Peninsula. Winters in Africa.

Calidris canutus rogersi (Mathews)
Canutus canutus rogersi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 270, 273, pl.
163. (Shanghai, China.)
Breeds on the New Siberian Islands. Migrates on the east coast of Asia
and winters in Australia and New Zealand.’

Calidris canutus rufus (Wilson)
Tringa rufa Wilson, Am. Orn., 7, 1813, p. 43, pl. 57, f. 5. (Middle
Atlantic States, 7.e. New Jersey.)

Breeds from northern Ellesmere Island and northwestern Greenland
southward to southeastern Victoria Island and Melville Peninsula.
Migrates along both coasts of America; winters on the west coast of South
America to Peru and from Buenos Aires to Tierra del Fuego on the east.

Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield)
Totanus tenuirostris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1,
1821, p. 192. (Java.)
Breeding range not known, probably in northeastern Siberia. On mi-
gration in China and Japan; winters in India, the Malay Archipelago,
Moluccas and Australia.

GENus CROCETHIA BI.Liperc?

Crocethia Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2, 1828, p. 132. Type, by
monotypy, Charadrius calidris Linné = Trynga alba Pallas.

1 Replaces Tringa Linné, 1766, of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Riley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 54, 1918, p. 613, refers birds taken in Alaska
to the east Siberian race.

3 Replaces Calidris Illiger of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 281

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1598-1600.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 307-314.

— Crocethia alba (Pallas) !

Trynga alba Pallas in Vroeg’s Cat., 1764, Adumbr., p. 7. (Coast of the
North Sea.) ?

Arenaria leucophea carteri Mathews, Emu, 16, 1916, p. 35. (Point
Cloates, Mid-West Australia.) New name for the bird figured and
described in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 241, pl. 158.

Breeds in the high north on Spitsbergen, New Siberian Islands, arctic
coast of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to the mouth of the Lena,
arctic islands north of North America, Southampton Island and northern
Greenland. Russian ornithologists believe that an isolated colony nests
on the shores of the salt lakes in the Aralo-Caspian desert. Winters from
the British Isles, the North Sea, India, China, Japan, central California,
the Gulf coast and Virginia, south to Cape Colony, Madagascar, Malay
Archipelago, Australia, islands in the South Pacific, southern Chile (Chiloé
Island) and southern Argentina.

GENusS EREUNETES ILuicer

Hreunetes Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 262. Type, by monotypy, Hreu-
neies petrificotus Iliger = Tringa pusilla Linné.
cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 209-218.

. Ereunetes pusillus (Linné)

Tringa pusilla Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 252. (Santo Do-

mingo.)

Breeds from extreme northeastern Siberia across arctic North America
to southwestern Baffin Island, south to the mouth of the Yukon, Hudson
Bay (Severn River), and northern Labrador. Winters from the Gulf and
southern Atlantic coasts of the United States through Central America
and the West Indies to South America (coast of Peru on the west and
southern Brazil, rarely farther, on the east).

Ereunetes mauri Cabanis
Ereunetes Mauri Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 4, 1856 (1857), p. 419. (Cuba.)
Breeds on the coast of Alaska from the delta of the Yukon to Point
Barrow. Winters on both coasts of America from Washington and North
Carolina to Peru and Venezuela, including Cuba, Hispaniola and Trinidad.

1 Some authors recognize three races of this species, but after examination
of a large representative series I am convinced that the characters relied on
for their differentiation are too slight and inconstant to merit recognition.

2 Replaces T'ringa arenaria Linné, 1766.

282 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus EURYNORHYNCHUS ‘NILsson

Eurynorhynchus Nilsson, Orn. Svecica, 2, 1821, p. 29. Type, by mo-
notypy, Eurynorhynchus griseus Nilsson = Platalea pygmea Linné.
cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1602-1604.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 302-307.

Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (Linné)

Platalea pygmea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 140. (Surinam,
error = eastern Asia.)

Breeds on the Chukchi Peninsula from Cape Vankarem to Plover Bay.
Migrates on the east coast of Asia and winters in southern China, Hainan,
and casually to Tenasserim and Arrakan.

Genus EROLIA Vtertuor!

Erolia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 55. Type, by monotypy, Hrolza
variegata Vieillot = Scolopax testacea Pallas.

Neopisobia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 245 (an text). Type, by
original designation, Totanus damacensis Horsfield = Totanus dama-
censis Auct. not of Horsfield = Tringa subminuta Middendorff.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1571-1586; 1589-1592.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 238-307.

Erolia ruficollis (Pallas)

Trynga ruficollis Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1776, p. 700.
(‘Circa lacus salsos Dauriae campestris’? = Kulussutai, southern
Transbaikalia, fide Ridgway, antea, p. 292.)

Breeds in northeastern Siberia at Cape Serdze, Kooshka and Providence
Bay, perhaps also on the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk,? and in north-
western Alaska at Wainwright, Cape Prince of Wales and possibly at
Nome. Migrates through eastern Siberia, Kamchatka and the Commander
Islands and winters from China and Japan south to Burma, the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, Philippines, and Malay Archipelago to Australia.

Erolia minuta (Leisler)

Tringa minuta Leisler, Nachtriige zu Bechstein’s Naturg. Deutschl.,
1812, p. 74. (Hanau am Main, Germany.)

1 Replaces Ancylochilus Kaup (recte Ancylocheilus) of Sharpe’s Hand-list
and includes also the following genera there recognized: — Limonites Kaup
(recte Leimonites), Heteropygia Coues, Arquatella Baird, Pelidna Cuvier.
The A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1930, replaces Leimonites with Pisobia Billberg
and includes Heteropygia with that genus. Generic names are available for
the reception of nearly all the species here included.

2 Although its breeding range is said to extend from the New Siberian Islands
to the mouth of the Lena it is apparently only a casual visitor to these places.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 283

Breeds from extreme northern Norway east across the tundra to the
mouth of the Indigirka; on Kolguev and Vaigach Islands, on the south
coast of Novaya Zemlya, and on the New Siberian Islands. Migrates
through Europe and western Asia and winters in Africa south to Cape
Province, and from the southern shores of the Caspian Sea to Ceylon.

Erolia temminckii (Leisler)

Tringa Temminckii Leisler, Nachtriige zu Bechstein’s Naturg. Deutschl.,
1812, p. 64. (Hanau am Main, Germany.)

Breeds from northern Norway east to the Chukchi Peninsula, but not
north of lat. 72° at the mouth of the Yenessei, nor north of 76° on the
Taimyr Peninsula; Kolguev and Vaigach Islands; exact southern limits
not determined, but extends into the ‘‘Alpine zone” of northern Europe
and Asia. Migrates through Europe and Asia and winters in the Mediter-
ranean region, northeastern Africa, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, Ceylon,
Burma, Malay Peninsula, China and Japan.

-—... Erolia subminuta (Middendorff)

Tringa subminuta Middendorff, Reise Nord. und Ost. Siberien, 2, Th. 2,
1853, p. 222, pl. 19, f. 6. (Western slopes of the Stanovoi Mountains
and mouth of the Uda.)

Pisobia subminuta boweri Mathews, Emu, 16, 1916, p. 35. (Fitzroy
River, North-West Australia.) New name for the bird figured and
described in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 252, pl. 159.

Breeds in eastern Siberia south to Kamchatka and on the Commander
and Kurile Islands, perhaps also on Sakhalin.? Migrates through China
and Japan and winters in eastern India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sunda
Islands and the Philippines.

_ Erolia minutilla (Vieillot)

Tringa minutilla Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 466.
(‘Amérique jusq’au delA du Canada’’: restricted type locality,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, apud A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, p. 120.

Breeds in northern North America south of the Barren Grounds from
northwestern Alaska to Labrador, south to the upper Yukon Valley,
northern British Columbia, Fort Churchill (probably), Magdalen Islands,
Newfoundland and Sable Island. Winters from southern California,
Texas and North Carolina south through Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies and South America to Peru and eastern Brazil; Galapagos
Archipelago.

1 For information on the breeding range of EH. minuta see Pleske, Mem.
Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 251-254, and Grote, Beitr. Fortpfl.-biol.
Vog., 8, 1932, p. 43-44.

2 Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 142, 1927, p. 214, records a set of eggs of
this species from Lake Baikal in the Thayer collection. I cannot help but feel
that there is some mistake either in the identification or in the locality.

284 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erolia fuscicollis (Vieillot)
Tringa fuscicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 461.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 404.)

Breeds along the Arctic coast (and islands immediately north) of North
America from Point Barrow, Alaska, to southeastern Baffin Island and
Southampton Island. Migrates chiefly through the Mississippi Valley
(but abundant in Labrador in late summer) and winters in southern South
America, chiefly east of the Andes, from Paraguay to the Straits of Magel-
lan; Falkland Islands.

Erolia bairdii (Coues)

Actodromas (Actodromas) Bairdii Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1861, p. 194. (North America east of the Rocky Mountains; speci-
men in U. S. National Museum claimed as type is from Fort Reso-
lution, Great Slave Lake, Mackenzie.)

Breeds at Koljuchin Bay, eastern Siberia and along the Arctic coast
(and islands immediately north) of North America from northwestern
Alaska to Baffin Island and perhaps to Greenland, south to Aylmer Lake,
Mackenzie, and Southampton Island. Migrates chiefly between the
Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi; winters in Argentina and Chile.

Erolia melanotos (Vieillot)

Tringa melanotos Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 462.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 401.)!

Breeds on the Arctic coast of northeastern Asia from the Kolyma Delta
eastward, on the Arctic coast of North America from the mouth of the
Yukon to Southampton Island, and on the west shore of Hudson Bay to
the Nelson River. Migrates chiefly in the Mississippi Valley and along
the Atlantic coast; winters in South America from Peru, Bolivia and
Argentina to south-central Chile and Chubut. |

Erolia acuminata (Horsfield)

Totanus acuminatus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1,
1821, p. 192. (Java.)

Limnocinclus acuminatus rufescens Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36,
1916, p. 82. (North-West Australia.) New name for the bird figured
and described in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 256, pl. 161.

Limnocinclus acuminatus juva Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1930,
p. 42. “New name for L. a. rufescens Math., 1916, nec Middendorff
Sib. Reise, 2, pt. 2, 1851, p. 221.”

Breeds on the Chukchi Peninsula. Migrates through eastern Asia;

winters in the eastern part of the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Aus-
tralia and some of the South Pacific islands.

1 Replaces Tringa maculata Vieillot, t.c., p. 465. Cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 153.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 285

~~ Erolia maritima (Briinnich)
Tringa maritima Briimnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 54. (Christians6é and
Norway.)

Breeds in Arctic America from Melville Island and Ellesmere Island
south to the Melville Peninsula and Baffin Island; Greenland; Iceland;
Faroes; arctic coasts of northern Europe and Asia from northern Scandi-
navia to the Taimyr Peninsula; Spitsbergen; Novaya Zemlya; Franz
Josef Land. Winters on the western coasts of the Atlantic from southern
Greenland to Long Island; in Iceland; in western Europe on the British
Isles, and shores of the Baltic and North Seas.

~~~ Erolia ptilocnemis couesi (Ridgway)

Arquatella couest Ridgway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 5, 1880, p. 160. (Aleu-
tian Islands and coast of Alaska north to St. Michael’s; type claimed
to be from Attu Island.)

Breeds in extreme northeastern Siberia (probably), at Cape Prince of
Wales, Alaska, and on the Aleutian and Shumagin Islands; practically
resident throughout its range, but a few winter along the coast south to
Washington.

—... Erolia ptilocnemis ptilocnemis (Coues)

Tringa ptilocnemis Coues, in H. W. Elliott, Rep. Seal Ids. Alaska, 1873,
unpaged, note. (St. George Island, Pribilov Ids.)

Breeds in Bering Sea on St. Lawrence, St. Matthew, and Hall Islands
and the Pribilov Islands. Winters on the coast of southeastern Alaska.

~~—.Erolia ptilocnemis quarta Hartert

Erolia maritima quarta Hartert, Nov. Zool., 27, 1920, p. 137. (Bering
Island.)

Resident on the Commander Islands.

Erolia ptilocnemis kurilensis (Yamashina)

Arquatella maritima kurilensis Yamashina, Tori, 6, 1929, p. 89. (Para-
mushir, Kurile Islands.)

Resident on the northern and.middle Kurile Islands.

?Erolia alpina arctica Schigler
Erolia alpina arctica Schigler, Dansk Orn. For. Tidsskr., 16, 1922, p. 19.
(East coast of Greenland.)!
Breeds in eastern Greenland. Migration routes and winter range not
known.

1 For additional information on the races of Erolia alpina see Hartert,
Vég. pal. Fauna, Nachtr. 1, 1923, p. 82-83, and Buturlin, Alauda (2), 4, 1932,
p. 261-266.

286 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erolia alpina alpina (Linné)
Tringa alpina Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 149. (Lapland.)
Erolia alpina islandica Schidler, Dansk Orn. For. Tidsskr., 16, 1922,
p. 18. (Iceland.)

Breeds in Iceland, the Faroes, and in Europe and Asia from northern
Scandinavia to the Yalmal Peninsula; Kolguev and Vaigach Islands,
southern Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen; southern breeding limits
south to Pskov, the upper Volga and the lower Ob. Winters in the Medi-
terranean region, northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia.

Erolia alpina schinzii (C. L. Brehm)
Tringa Schinz C. L. Brehm, Beitr. z. Vogelk., 3, 1822, p. 355. (German
shores of the Baltic Sea and Riigen.)
Breeds in the British Isles, coast of Holland, and countries bordering
the Baltic Sea. Migration routes and winter range not known.

Erolia alpina centralis Buturlin

Erolia alpina centralis Buturlin, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 265. (Yakutsk,

eastern Siberia.)

Breeds in northern Siberia along the courses and mouths of the larger
rivers from the Yenessei east to the Yana, north to lat. 75° 30’ on the
Taimyr, south to lat. 69° on the Yenessei. Migrates across Baikal and
Mongolia; the birds wintering in India and Assam are probably referable
to this race.

Erolia alpina sakhalina (Vieillot)
Scolopax sakhalina Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3, 1816, p. 359.
(Russia = Island of Sakhalin ex Krusenstern.)

Breeds in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America from the
Indigirka to the Gulf of Anadyr and from the mouth of the Yukon to
Boothia Peninsula, south to the Sea of Okhotsk, Commander Islands,
northwestern Mackenzie and west shore of Hudson Bay (Churchill).
Winters in eastern China, southern Japan; western coast of North
America from British Columbia to Lower California; Gulf and south
Atlantic coasts of the eastern United States.

Erolia testacea (Pallas)
Scolopaz testacea Pallas, in Vroeg’s Cat., 1764, Adumbr., p. 5. (Holland.)!
Breeds in northern Asia at the mouth of the Yenessei, in western
Taimyr, Cape Bolschoi Baranov and on the New Siberian Islands. On
migration occurs throughout Europe and Asia; winters in Africa, Mada-
gascar, India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, and Australia.

1 Replaces Scolopax subarquaia Giildenstaedt and Tringa ferruginea
Briinnich.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE 287

GENus LIMICOLA Koc

Limicola Koch, Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, p. 316. Type, by monotypy,
Numenius pygmaeus Bechstein (not of Latham) = Scolopax falcinel-
lus Pontoppidan.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1600-1602.

Limicola falcinellus falcinellus (Pontoppidan)

Scolopax Falcinellus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1, 1763, p. 623,

pl. 25. (No locality = Siaelandia ex Orn. Boreal., p. 49.) ?

Breeds in Norway, Sweden, Lapland, Finland, northern Russia and
Siberia east to the Yenessei and perhaps further, exact northern and
southern limits not known, but not extending into the tundra; breeds also
in Orenburg (Ilek River), in Turgai (upper Irgiz) and in the forest steppe
of Minussinsk. Winters south to the Mediterranean, Black, Caspian and
Red Seas, Persian Gulf and western India.

Limicola falcinellus sibirica Dresser
Limicola sibirica Dresser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 674. (Si-
beria and China.)
Limicola falcinellus rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 70-
(Siberia and Melville Island, Northern Territory.) New name for
the bird described and figured in Bds. Austr., 3, p. 279, 280, pl. 165.
Undoubtedly breeds in northeastern Siberia. Migrates through eastern
Asia at least as far west as Lake Baikal; winters in eastern India, Indo-
chinese countries, Malay Archipelago to Australia.

Genus MICROPALAMA Barrp

Micropalama Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, 1858, p. xxii,
xlvii, 714, 726. Type, by monotypy, Tringa himantopus Bonaparte.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 204-209.

Micropalama himantopus (Bonaparte)
Tringa himantopus Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 2, 1826,
p. 157. (Long Branch, New Jersey.)

Breeds in arctic North America from Coronation Gulf to the west shore
of Hudson Bay (Churchill). Winters in South America to Bolivia, Para-
guay, northern Argentina (Buenos Aires Province) and Uruguay.? On
migration occurs in the West Indies, Florida, western Mississippi Valley
and to a lesser extent on the Atlantic coast of the United States, Central
America and Mexico.

1 Replaces Tinga platyrhyncha Temminck.
2 Chile is often included erroneously in the winter range of this species ap-
parently on the basis of specimen r’ in the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, p. 404.

288 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus TRYNGITES Casanis

Tryngites Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 4, 1856 (1857), p. 418. Type, by
original designation, Tringa rufescens Vieillot = Tringa subruficollis
Vieillot.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 225-230.

Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot)
Tringa subruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 465.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 320.)

Breeds on the arctic coast of North America from Alaska to Mackenzie.
Migrates chiefly through the interior of North and South America and
winters in some part of southern Argentina, but winter concentration area
not known.

GreNnus PHILOMACHUS Merrem !

Philomachus Anonymous = Merrem, Allg. Lit. Zeitung, 2, no. 168,
8 June, 1804, col. 542. Type, by monotypy, Tringa pugnax Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1594-1597.

Philomachus pugnax (Linné)

Tringa Pugnax Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Hurope,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Pavoncella pugnax leucoprora Finn, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 71, 1902,

p. 84. (India: name for a plumage aberration.)

Breeds in northern Europe and Asia from Nordkapp east across the
tundra to the Kolyma (including Kolguev and Vaigach Islands), south to
eastern England (formerly), Belgium, Bavaria, Hungary, steppes of
southern Russia and western Siberia (north of lat. 50° N.), Minussinsk,
and the upper Amur. Winters in Africa south to Cape Province, India,
Assam and Burma, rarely to China. Many instances of casual occurrence
on the eastern Atlantic islands, North America and the Lesser Antilles.

Famity RECURVIROSTRIDAE

SuBFAMILY IBIDORHYNCHINAE
GEenus IBIDORHYNCHA Vicors

Ibidorhyncha Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-31 (1832),
p. 174. Type, by monotypy, [bidorhyncha struthersw Vigors.
cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1674-1675.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 196-198; 8,
1930, p. 522.

1 Replaces Pavoncella Leach of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDAE 289

~- Tbidorhyncha struthersii Vigors
Ibidorhyncha Struthersit Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London,
1830-31 (March, 1832), p. 174. (Himalayas.)
High plateaus of central Asia from western Turkestan to Chihli, south
to Kashmir, the Himalayas and northern Assam.

SuBFAMILY _,RECURVIROSTRINAE
Genus HIMANTOPUS Brisson

Himantopus Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 46; 5, p. 33. Type, by tautonymy,
Himantopus Brisson = Charadrius himantopus Linné.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1632-1634.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 144-152.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 163-164.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 319-322.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 441-447.

-——- Himantopus himantopus himantopus (Linné)
Charadrius Himantopus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 151.
(Southern Europe.)

Breeds locally in the Mediterranean region; about the mouth of the
Danube; steppes of southern Russia; southern Asia east to China and
south to Arabia, India, Ceylon and the Malay States; Egypt; Africa
south of the Sahara; Madagascar. Migratory only in the northern part
of its range.

~——Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus Gould

Himantopus leucocephalus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1837, pl. 34.
(Australia, Java and Sumatra.)

Hypsibates leucocephalus assimilis Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 219.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)

Hypsibates leucocephalus timorensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913,
p. 150. (East Timor.)

Philippines, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes, Moluccas,

Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Australia.

_.. Himantopus himantopus novae-zelandiae Gould
Himantopus nove-zelandie Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1841, pl. [7] and
text (= 6, pl. 25 of bound vol.). (Port Nicholson, North Island,
New Zealand.)!
North and South Islands, New Zealand.

1 T do not believe that there are two species of Himantopus in New Zealand,
an all black bird and a normal black and white one. The former I consider a
melanism of the latter in spite of Buller’s statement that the two do not occur
in the same colony. There are many instances of normally colored birds with

290 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~Himantopus himantopus mexicanus (P. L. S. Miller)
Charadrius Mexicanus P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 117.
(Mexico.)

Breeds locally from central Oregon, northern Utah, southern Nebraska,
the coast of Louisiana, central Florida and the Bahama Islands south to
Lower California, Mexico, Central and South America to Peru and north-
ern Brazil; the GalA4pagos Archipelago and the West Indies. Migratory
in the northwestern part of its range.

Himantopus himantopus knudseni Stejneger
Himantopus knudseni Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 81,
pl. 6, f. 2. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.)
Hawaiian Islands.

Himantopus himantopus melanurus Vieillot
Himantopus melanurus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 42.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 393.)
Peru and southern (?) Brazil (northward limits not known), south to cen-
tral Chile, central Argentina (provinces of San Juan and Buenos Aires)
and Uruguay.

Genus CLADORHYNCHUS G. R. Gray

Cladorhynchus G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 69. Type, by
monotypy, Leptorhynchus pectoralis Du Bus = Recurvirostra leuco-
cephala Vieillot.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 153-157.

Cladorhynchus leucocephala (Vieillot)
Recurvirostra leucocephala Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3, 1816,
p. 103. (‘‘Terres Australes” = Victoria, apud Mathews.)
Cladorhynchus leucocephalus rottnesti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912,
p. 31. (Rottnest Island, West Australia.)

Australia.
Genus RECURVIROSTRA Linné

Recurvirostra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 151. Type, by mo-
notypy, Recurvirostra avosetta Linné.

black feathers scattered through the white parts of the plumage, and of black
birds whose plumage is intermixed with white; such cases are usually con-
veniently explained as being of a hybrid nature. My personal belief is that the
race of H. himantopus inhabiting New Zealand has a tendency to melanism
resulting in the production of a certain proportion of “melanistic mutants”
of varying intensity. For the synonymy of the different phases ¢f. Mathews,
antea, 1927, p. 163-164.

FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDAE _ 291

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1634-1636.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 158-164.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 436-441.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 326-334.

~Recurvirostra avosetta Linné

Recurvirostra Avosetta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 151. (South-

ern Europe, 2.e., Italy.)

Now breeds locally from Holland and the Island of Rigen (formerly
from southern England and coasts of the Baltic Sea) eastward through the
region of the Black and Caspian Seas, Kirghiz Steppes, the upper Yenessei
and Transbaikalia, south to the Mediterranean countries, Persia, Turkes-
tan and northern China; breeds also in various parts of tropical and south-
ern Africa, possibly in Madagascar. Migrates from the northern part of
its breeding range to Africa, India and southern China.

~ Recurvirostra americana Gmelin
Recurvirostra americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 693.
(North America and New Holland = North America.)

Breeds from eastern Washington, southern Alberta (formerly farther
north) and southern Manitoba, south to southern California, southern
New Mexico, southern Texas and northern Iowa (formerly farther east).
Winters from central California and southern Texas to Guatemala.

Recurvirostra novae-hollandiae Vieillot

Recurvirostra Nove-Hollandiz Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3, 1816,
p. 103. (New Holland, = Victoria apud Mathews.)

Recurvirostra novaehollandiae stalkeri Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 220. (Alexandra, Northern Territory.)

Australia and Tasmania.

-Recurvirostra andina Philippi and Landbeck
Recurvirostra andina Philippi and Landbeck, Anal. Univ. Chile, 19, 1861,
p. 618. (Laguna Parinacota, 16000 feet, Tacna, Chile.)
Saline lagoons of the puna zone in southern Peru, western Bolivia,
northern Chile and northwestern Argentina.!

1 Specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoélogy taken by J. Mogensen,
29 Sept., 1917, at Laguna Blanca, Catamarca.

292 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity Jresbpornithidae
Famity PHALAROPODIDAE
Genus PHALAROPUS Brisson }

Phalaropus Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 50; 6, D. 12. Type, by tautonymy,
Phalaropus Brisson = Tringa fulicaria Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1628-1630.
R. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1925, p. 326-333, pl. 8.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 417-423.

Phalaropus fulicarius (Linné)
Tringa fulicaria Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Hudson
Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 142.)
Phalaropus fulicarius jourdaini Iredale, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1921,
p. 8. (Liefde Bay, Spitsbergen.)

Breeds locally on the arctic coasts and islands of the Holarctic region
in Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, and Novaya Zemlya; from the mouth
of the Yenessei to the Chukchi Peninsula; New Siberian Islands; west
coast of Alaska south to the Yukon Delta; extreme northwestern Alaska
to Southampton Island, north to Melville Island and Ellesmere Island;
southeastern Baffin Island. Winters at sea off the west coast of Africa
and coast of Chile.

Grenus STEGANOPUS VIEILLOT

Steganopus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 24, 1818, p. 124. Type, by
monotypy, Le Chorlito a tarse comprimé of Azara = Steganopus
tricolor Vieillot. ;

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 430-485.

Steganopus tricolor Vieillot
Steganopus tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 136.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 407.)

Breeds from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, southern
Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, south to central California, Utah,
Colorado, Nebraska, central Iowa (formerly to southern Kansas and Mis-
souri) and northwestern Indiana. Winters from central Chile and central
Argentina south to the Falkland Islands.

Grnus LOBIPES Cuvier?

Lobipes Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 1817 (1816), p. 495. Type, by original
designation, T'ringa hyperborea Linné = Tringa lobata Linné.

1 Replaces Crymophilus Vieillot of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
2 Replaces Phalaropus Brisson of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY PHALAROPODIDAE 293

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1630-1632.
R. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1925, p. 334-342, pl. 9.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 423-430.

~....Lobipes lobatus (Linné)
Tringa tobata (sic)! Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 148. (Hudson
Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 143.)

Breeds in Iceland, Spitsbergen, Faroes, Hebrides, Scandinavia, north-
ern Russia and across northern Asia to the Chukchi Peninsula, on the
shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, Commander Islands, and Sakhalin; also
locally in Russia to northwestern Orenburg. In North America breeds
from northern Alaska, Melville Island and west-central Greenland, south

to the Aleutian Islands, upper Yukon Valley, northern Manitoba, south-

ern James Bay and Labrador. Winters at sea in the northwestern Indian

Ocean, off the coasts of Peru and West Africa, between New Guinea and
the Bismarck Archipelago, and in the Banda Sea.

SuPERFAMILY DROMADOIDEA

Famity DROMADIDAE

Genus DROMAS PayYKku.Lu
Dromas Paykull, Kongl. Vet.-Acad. Nya Handl., 26, 1805, p. 182.
Type, by monotypy, Dromas ardeola Paykull.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 94-95.

~-Dromas ardeola Paykull

Dromas Ardeola Paykull, Kongl. Vet.-Acad. Nya Handl., 26, 1805,
p. 182, 188, pl. 8. (India.)

Northern and western shores of the Indian Ocean, Red Sea and the
Persian Gulf, south to Natal and east to India; islands in the Red
Sea; Laccadive and Andaman Islands, Comoro Islands, Aldabra and
Madagascar.

SupERFAMILY BURHINOIDEA

Famity BURHINIDAE

Genus BURHINUS ILticEr ?
Burhinus Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 250. Type, by monotypy,
Charadrius magnirostris Latham.

Burhinops Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 203. Type, by origi-
nal designation, Oedicnemus capensis Lichtenstein.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 68-76.

1 Lobata in Emendanda, p. 824.
2 Includes Oedicnemus Temminck and Burhinus of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

294 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 182-187.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1517-1522.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 342-356.

A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1924, p. 329-351.

Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 195-202.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 18-24.

Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus (Bannerman)
CEdicnemus edicnemus distinctus Bannerman, Ibis, 1914, p. 277. (Las
Palmas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.)
Western Canary Islands: Hierro, Tenerife, Gran Canaria.

Burhinus oedicnemus insularum (Sassi)
Oedicnemus oedicnemus insularum Sassi, Orn. Jahrb., 19, 1908, p. 32.
(Canary Islands.)
Eastern Canary Islands: Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Graciosa, Alle-
granza.

Burhinus oedicnemus jordansi Neumann
Burhinus oedicnemus jordanst Neumann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2,
1932, p. 145. (Ibiza, Balearic Islands.)
Resident on the Balearic Islands. Doubtfully distinct.

Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus (Linné)

Charadrius Oedicnemus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 151. (Eng-

land.)

Breeds in southern England, Europe and southwestern Asia from Ger-
many, central Russia, the Kirghiz Steppes and the upper Irtysh, south to
the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Macedonia, the Black Sea and northern
Persia; Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Winters in the southern part of its
breeding range, northern Africa and eastern Africa south to the Sudan

and Somaliland. :

Burhinus oedicnemus saharae (Reichenow)
Oedicnemus oedicnemus saharae Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894,
p. 102. (Tunis.)
Northern Africa from Morocco to Egypt, south to the Tademat Pla-
teau, Tuareg Mountains and Faiyum; Crete, Cyprus; southern Palestine
south to Sinai, intergrading with the next form in Iraq.

Burhinus oedicnemus astutus Hartert
Burhinus oedicnemus astutus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 28, 1916, p. 93. (Fao,
Persian Gulf.)
Desert of Kara Kum, and Afghanistan southward to the Persian Gulf,
Baluchistan and the Indian Desert; eastern limits not known, but ap-
parently meeting saharae in Iraq.

FAMILY BURHINIDAE 295

~—— Burhinus oedicnemus indicus (Salvadori)

Oedicnemus indicus Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, 1865,
p. 381. (India.)

India, Ceylon, Burma, southwestern and central Siam, and Cambodia.

~Burhinus senegalensis senegalensis (Swainson)

Gdionemus Senegalensis Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 228. (West
Africa = Senegal, by inference.)

West Africa from Senegal to the Loango Coast and eastward through
Nigeria to northern Cameroon and the Shari.

Burhinus senegalensis inornatus (Salvadori)
Oedicnemus assimilis Baideker, Journ. f. Orn., 1, Extra-H., 1854, p. 117.
(Eastern Sudan.) Nomen nudum.
Oedicnemus inornatus Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8,
1865, p. 381. (Ethiopia.)

Egypt south through the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Eritrea to north-
ern Uganda and Ethiopia.

Burhinus vermiculatus biittikoferi (Reichenow)
Oedicnemus biittikoferi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 182.
(Fisherman Lake, Liberia.)

West Africa from Liberia to Nigeria and perhaps to Uganda and the
eastern Belgian Congo.1

~Burhinus vermiculatus vermiculatus (Cabanis)

Oedicnemus vermiculatus Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 16, 1868, p. 413. (No
locality given = Lake Jipe, near Taita, Kenya Colony.)

Africa from the Ogowe River and Kenya Colony south to Cape Province.

Burhinus capensis maculosus (Temminck)
Oedicnemus maculosus Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 49, 1824, pl. 292.
(Senegal.)
Oedicnemus capensis var. psammochromus Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 3,
1905, p. 801. (Togoland.)

Senegal east to the central Sahara, south to the Gold Coast hinterland
and north-central Nigeria.

——_— Burhinus capensis affinis (Riippell)

Oedicnemus affinis Riippell, Mus. Senckenb., 2, 1837, p. 210, note.
(Kordofan, Nubia, and Ethiopia = Red Sea coast of Ethiopia, ex
Syst. Uebers. Vég. N. O. Afr., p. 112, 117.)

Kordofan and Eritrea south to Uganda, Lake Rudolf and Somaliland.

1 Cf. Friedmann, antea, p. 186, and Bannerman, antea, p. 76.

296 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Burhinus capensis ehrenbergi (Zedlitz)

Oedicnemus capensis ehrenbergi Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 9.
(Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)

Confined to Dahlak Island.

Burhinus capensis dodsoni (Ogilvie-Grant)

CEdicnemus dodsoni Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1899, p. 19.
(Lahej, Arabia.)

Southern Arabia and coast of northern Somaliland.

Burhinus capensis capensis (Lichtenstein)

Oedicnemus capensis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 69. (Cape of
Good Hope.)

Oedicnemus csongor Madardsz, Arch. Zool., Budapest, 1, 1909, no. 2,
p. 11. (Shirati, eastern shore of Lake Victoria.)

Angola, eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and Kenya Colony, south to
Cape Province (except region occupied by the next form).

Burhinus capensis damarensis (Reichenow)

Oedicnemus capensis var. damarensis Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 3, 1905,
p. 801. (South-West African Protectorate.)

South-West African Protectorate.

Burhinus bistriatus bistriatus (Wagler)
Charadrius bistriatus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 22, 1829, col. 648. (Mex-
ico.)
Southern Mexico from states of Oaxaca and Vera Cruz south through
Central America to western Costa Rica.

Burhinus bistriatus vocifer (L’ Herminier)

Aidicnemus vocifer L’Herminier, Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, pl. 84 and
text. (Maturin, Colombia.)

Santa Marta region of Colombia, Venezuela and British Guiana south
to the Rio Branco region of northwestern Brazil; Margarita Island.

Burhinus bistriatus dominicensis (Cory)

(Edicnemus dominicensis Cory, Quart. Journ. Boston Zool. Soc., 2, 1883,
p. 46. (Santo Domingo, type from La Vega, Dominican Republic.)

Island of Hispaniola.

Burhinus superciliaris (Tschudi)

Oedicnenus (sic) superciliaris Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 9, Band 1, 1843,
p. 387. (Coast of Peru.)

Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to southern Peru.

FAMILY BURHINIDAE 297
Burhinus magnirostris rufescens Mathews

Burhinus magnirostris rufescens Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 225.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)

North-West Australia, Northern Territory and Melville Island.
Burhinus magnirostris ramsayi Mathews

Burhinus magnirostris ramsayt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 225.
(Mackay, Queensland.)
Northern Queensland; Friday Island in Torres Strait.
Burhinus magnirostris magnirostris (Latham)
Charadrius magnirostris Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lxvi. (New
South Wales.) ?

Burhinus magnirostris broomei Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 226.
(Broome Hill, South-West Australia.) ®

Southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South and South-
West Australia; Tasmania.

Genus ESACUS Lezsson

Esacus Lesson, Traité d’ Orn., livr. 7, 1831, p. 547. Type, by monotypy,
Oedicnemus recurvirostris Cuvier.

cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 80-81; 8, 1930,
p. 490.
—~Esacus recurvirostris (Cuvier)

OE dicnemus recurvirostris Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 2, 1, 1829, p. 500,
note 2. (No locality, = Nepal, fide Stuart Baker.)

Coasts and rivers of India, Burma, Tenasserim and the island of Ceylon;
recorded from Annam and the island of Hainan.

GENus ORTHORHAMPHUS Satvapori
Orthorhamphus Salvadori, Uce. Borneo, in Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5,
1874, p. 312. Type, by monotypy, Oedicnemus magnirostris Vieillot.
cf. A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1924, p. 351-355. (Sub. nom. Burhinus

neglectus.)
Rensch, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 495-496.
‘Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 81-82; 8,
1930, p. 490.

1 Specimen in M. C. Z., 21 July, 1883, coll. by S. W. Denton.
2 Replaces Charadrius grallarius Latham.

3 The ‘‘much smaller tarsus,’”’ the only character claimed for this form by
its describer, is not borne out by the measurements published by Mrs. Mein-
ertzhagen, antea, p. 349-350.

298 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Orthorhamphus magnirostris (Vieillot)}

Cdicnemus magnirostris “‘Geoffroy-S-Hilaire’’ Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., 28, 1818, p. 231. (No locality, = Australia, ex pl. G 39, f. 1, 28,
1819.)

Esacus magnirostris neglectus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 226.
(Lewes Island, North-West Australia.)

Esacus magnirostris melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 85.
(Melville Island.)

Esacus magnirostris queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913,
p. 6. (Mackay, Queensland.)

Orthorhamphus magnirostris scommophorus Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 55, 1919, p. 183. (Pulo Wai, Tambelan Islands, South China
Sea.)

The greater part of the Indo-Australasian region from the Andaman
Islands and the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Borneo and
Sumatra, east to the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands,
New Caledonia and Australia.

SupERFAMILY GLAREOLOIDEA
Famity GLAREOLIDAE

SuBraMILy CURSORIINAE
Grenus PLUVIANUS VIEILLOT

Pluvianus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 55. Type, by monotypy, ‘“‘Plu-
vian” Buffon = Charadrius aegyptius Linné.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 202-207, pl. 8.
A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1927, p. 469-471.

Pluvianus aegyptius aegyptius (Linné)
Charadrius zgyptius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. (Egypt.)

Africa from Senegal, Darfur, Egypt and western Ethiopia, south to Sierra
Leone, Gold Coast, Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Ubangi-Shari and north-
ern Uganda.

Pluvianus aegyptius angolae A. C. Meinertzhagen

Pluvianus zgyptius angole A. C. Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
1927, p. 100. (Cunga, Quanza River, Angola.)

Northern Angola and western Belgian Congo.

1 This species is obviously in need of revision to determine of just what the
geographical variation consists and what races should be recognized; for the
present I recognize no subspecies.

FAMILY GLAREOLIDAE 299

GENUS CURSORIUS LatHam

Cursorius Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 751. Type, by subsequent
designation, Charadrius europaeus Latham = Charadrius cursor
Latham (Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 2, 1822, text to pl. 106).

Microcursorius Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 202. Type, by
original designation, Cursorius temminckit Swainson.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 193-198.
Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1523-1524.
A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1927, p. 471-484.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 84-87.
Cursorius cursor bogolubovi Zarudny
Cursorius isabellinus var. Bogolubovi ‘“Bgdn.’’ Zarudny, Bull. Soc. Imp.
Nat. Moscou, 61, pt. 1, 1885, p. 327. (Ahal-Téké, Transcaspia.)

Cursorius gallicus iranicus Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 190.
(Merv in Transcaspia; eastern Persia.)

Southern Transcaspia, northern and eastern Persia.

————-Cursorius cursor cursor (Latham)

Charadrius cursor Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. 1, 1787, p. 293. (Kent,
England.) !

Cursorius gallicus kordofanensis Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
Math.-Naturw. K1., 53, 1916, p. 131. (El Obeid, Kordofan.)

Breeds in northern Africa from Morocco to the Red Sea, Palestine east-
ward through Mesopotamia to southern and western Persia, perhaps
farther. In winter occurring as far south as Lake Chad and Somaliland
and extending to northwestern India. Occasional in Europe north to the
British Isles and Germany.

——.._Cursorius cursor bannermani Rothschild

Cursorius cursor bannermani Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1923,
p. 166. (Fuerteventura.)

Resident on the Canary Islands; occurs also in western Morocco.

Cursorius cursor exsul Hartert

Cursorius gallicus exsul Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1524.
(Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands.)

Cape Verde Islands.

Cursorius cursor dahlakensis Zedlitz

Cursorius gallicus dahlakensis Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 9.
(Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)

Confined to Dahlak Island.

1 Replaces Charadrius gallicus Gmelin.

300 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cursorius cursor somalensis Shelley

Cursorius gallicus somalensis Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 415. (Somaliland.)
Northern Somaliland.

Cursorius cursor littoralis Erlanger

Cursorius gallicus littoralis Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 53, 1905, p. 58.
(Kismayu, Italian Somaliland.)

Coast lands of southern Italian Somaliland and Kenya Colony.

?Cursorius cursor meruensis Mearns

Cursorius gallicus meruensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, no. 13,

1915, p. 5. (Meru River, northern base of Mount Kenya, Kenya
Colony.)

Desert country in the interior of Kenya Colony from the Turkwell River
to Mount Kenya. Probably not different from littoralis.

Cursorius cursor rufus Gould

Cursorius rufus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836 (1837), p. 81.
(Islands in the Indian Ocean, error = Potchefstroom, Transvaal,
apud Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 299.)

South Africa from Bechuanaland and the Limpopo River, southward.

Cursorius temminckii temminckii Swainson

Cursorius Temminckii Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 2, 1822, text to pl. 106.
(No type locality, = Senegal.)

Cursorius temminckit jebelensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, no. 13,
1915, p. 6. (‘Rhino Camp,” 7.e. left bank of the Bahr-el-Jebel, 15
miles north of Wadelai, Lado Enclave.)

Cursorius ruvanensis Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Hung., 13, 1915, p. 393, pl.
10, upper fig. (Ruwana Plains, Tanganyika Territory.)

Drier portions of northern, eastern and southern Africa from Senegal,

Lake Chad and the French Sudan to the Gold Coast and Nigeria and
from the Bahr-el-Jebel and eastern Ethiopia to Cape Province.

?Cursorius temminckii damarensis Reichenow

Cursorius temmincki damarensis Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 156.
(Damaraland.)

South-West African Protectorate. Doubtfully distinct.

Cursorius coromandelicus (Gmelin)

Charadrius coromandelicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 692.
(Coromandel Coast.)

Drier and more open portions of India from northwestern India and
western Bengal southward; northern Ceylon.

FAMILY GLAREOLIDAE 301

GEeNus RHINOPTILUS SrrickLanp

Rhinoptilus Strickland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850 (1852), p. 220.
Type, by subsequent designation, Cursorius chalcopterus Temminck
(Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 43.1. New name for
Macrotarsius (sic) Blyth, 1848, not Macrotarsus Link, 1795, Lacé-
péde, 1799, or Schénherr, 1842.?

Smutsornis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 202. Type, by
original designation, Cursorius africanus Temminck.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 199-202.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 187-190.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 157-162.
Sclater, Syst. Av. Aithiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 188-139.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 87-89; 8,
1930, p. 492.

Rhinoptilus africanus raffertyi Mearns

Rhinoptilus africanus raffertyi Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, no. 18,
1915, p. 7. (Iron Bridge, Hawash River, Ethiopia.)
Hawash district, Ethiopia.

———-Rhinoptilus africanus hartingi Sharpe

Rhinoptilus hartingi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 14. (Somali-
land.)

Somaliland south to British Jubaland.

Rhinoptilus africanus gracilis (Fischer and Reichenow)
Cursorius gracilis Fischer and Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884, p. 178.

(Masailand.)
Dry inland districts of Kenya Colony and northern Tanganyika
Territory.

~——-Rhinoptilus africanus illustris Friedmann
Rhinoptilus africanus illustris Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl.,
10, 1928, p. 80. (Kididomo, Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory.)
Central Tanganyika Territory.

Rhinoptilus africanus bisignatus (Hartlaub)
Cursorius bisignatus Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 87.
(Benguella.)
Angola.

1 The designation of Cursorius bicinctus Temminck as the type by G. R.
Gray, Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 110, is invalid, since that species
was not originally included in the genus.

2 Blyth’s name is obviously a misprint for Macrotarsus.

302 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

?Rhinoptilus africanus sharpei Erlanger
Rhinoptilus africanus sharper Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 53, 1905, p. 60.
(South-West Africa, type from Windhoek.)
Damaraland. Doubtfully distinct from R. a. africanus.

Rhinoptilus africanus africanus (Temminck)
Cursorius africanus Temminck, Cat. Syst. Cab. Orn., 1807, p. 175, 263.
(Namaqualand.)!
Southwestern Africa north through Namaqualand and east to the
Karroo district of Cape Province.

Rhinoptilus africanus granti W. L. Sclater
Rhinoptilus africanus granti W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,
p. 182. (Deelfontein, Cape Colony.)
Orange Free State and the Transvaal south to the Karroo district of
Cape Province.

Rhinoptilus cinctus cinctus (Heuglin)
Hemerodromus cinctus Heuglin, Ibis, 1863, p. 31, pl. 1. (Near Gondo-
koro, White Nile.)
White Nile districts of the Sudan, Ethiopia and Somaliland, south
through the drier portions of eastern Africa to the Kilimanjaro region.

Rhinoptilus cinctus emini Zedlitz
Rhinoptilus cinctus emini Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 624. (Uke-
rewe Island, Lake Victoria.)
Islands in Lake Victoria and the region to the west and south of the
lake.

Rhinoptilus cinctus seebohmi Sharpe
Rhinoptilus seebohmi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 18. (On-
donga, Ovampoland.)
Southwestern Africa north to southern Angola, east to northwestern
Rhodesia and Griqualand West.

Rhinoptilus chalcopterus chalcopterus (Temminck)
Cursorius chalcopterus Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 50, 1824, pl. 298.
(Senegal.)
Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan (north to about lat. 10° N.), south to
Nigeria and Kenya Colony.

Rhinoptilus chalcopterus albofasciatus Sharpe
Rhinoptilus albofasciatus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 14.
(South Africa, type from Colenso, Natal.)

1 Replaces Cursorius bicinctus Temminck.

FAMILY GLAREOLIDAE 303

Rhinoptilus chalcopterus obscurus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910,
p. 11. (Fort Quinpungo, Mossamedes.)

Loango coast and Tanganyika Territory, south to Cape Province and
Natal.
Rhinoptilus bitorquatus (Blyth)
Macrotarsius (sic) bitorquatus ‘‘Jerdon”’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal,
17, pt. 1, 1848, p. 254. (Eastern Ghats.)
Central part of the Indian Peninsula from the Godavery Valley south
to Madras.

Genus PELTOHYAS SHarpr

Peltohyas Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 307. Type, by
monotypy, Hudromias australis Gould.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 335-348.

—— Peltohyas australis australis (Gould)

Eudromias Australis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1840 (1841),
p. 174. (Interior Australia.)

New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.

?Peltohyas australis whitlocki (Mathews)

Charadrius australis whitlocki Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 218.
(Day Dawn, West Australia.)

Mid- and South-West Australia. Doubtfully distinct.

SuBFaAMILy GLAREOLINAE
Genus STILTIA G. R. Gray

Stiltia ‘‘Pr. B.”’ G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 111.
Type, by original designation, Glareola isabella Vieillot.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 324-328.

~~. Stiltia isabella (Vieillot)
Glareola isabella Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 69. (‘‘Australasie.’’)

Breeds in Australia. Migrates to Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands,
Celebes, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Waigiu, Salawatti and the Aru
Islands.

Genus GLAREOLA Brisson !
Glareola Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p, 141. Type, by tautonymy,
Glareola Brisson = Hirundo pratincola Linné.

Subglareola Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1913, p. 321. Type, by original
designation, Glareola ocularis Verreaux.

1 Includes Galachrysia G. R. Gray.

304 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 208-220.
Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 191-198.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1527-1530.

A. C. Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1927, p. 484-501.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 89-93.

Glareola pratincola pratincola (Linné)
Hirundo Pratincola Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 345. (Shores
of southern Europe and in Austria, restricted type locality, Austria,
B. O. U. Committee.)

Breeds in the countries adjacent to and islands in the Mediterranean
and Black Seas, eastward through Mesopotamia and southern Persia to
northwestern India; also from the Caspian Sea to Turkestan. Partly
resident, but birds from the northern part of the breeding range winter in
Africa north of the Sahara.

Glareola pratincola boweni Bannerman
Glareola pratincola bowent Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1930,
p. 28. (Nokunda, Gambia.)
West Africa from Senegal, the upper Niger and Lake Chad, south to the
Gold Coast, Togoland and Gaboon.

Glareola pratincola limbata Riippell
Glareola limbata Riippell, Syst. Uebers. Vog. N.-O. Afr., 1845, p. 113.
(Jeddah and Massawa.)
Nubia, Eritrea and southern Arabia, south to the Sudan, Ethiopia and
British Somaliland.

Glareola pratincola erlangeri Neumann
Glareola pratincola erlangert Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 68, 1920, p. 78.
(Kismayu, Italian Somaliland.)
Coastal districts of southern Somaliland and Kenya Colony south to
Malindi.

Glareola pratincola fiilleborni Neumann
Glareola fusca fiilleborni Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 10.
(Lake Rikwa, Nyasaland.)
Eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and central Kenya Colony south
through Tanganyika Territory and Mozambique to Natal and Cape
Province.

Glareola maldivarum J. R. Forster
Glareola (Pratincola) Maldivarum J. R. Forster, Faunula Indica, ed. 2,
1795, p. 11. (Open sea in the latitude of the Maldive Islands, ex
Latham, Gen. Syn., 5, p. 224, var. B.)

FAMILY GLAREOLIDAE 305

Glareola pratincola parryi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 70.
(Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia. New name for the bird
“fioured and described in” Bds. Austr., 3, p. 331, pl. 171.)

Breeds from the upper Argun River in Transbaikalia, northeastern Mon-
golia and southern Manchuria, south to India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam, Indo-
china and Hainan. On migration or in winter through the Malay Archi-
pelago to Australia.

~——. Glareola nordmanni Fischer
Glareola Nordmanni Fischer, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15, 1842,
p. 314, pl. 2. (Steppes of southern Russia. New name for Glareola
melanoptera Nordmann, MS.)
Glareola melanoptera pallidogularis Johansen, Mater. Avifauna Steppen
Tomsker Geb., Tomsk, 1907. (Gouvernement of Tomsk, Siberia.)
Breeds in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia from Kiev,
Kharkov, Ryazan, Simbirsk, Orenburg, Turgai, Semipalatinsk and the
southern Altai, south to the mouth of the Danube, Astrakan, Aral-Caspian
Province and Zaissan. Migrates south through western and central Africa
to Cape Province.

_.....Glareola ocularis Verreaux
Glareola ocularis Verreaux, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., 2, 1833, p. 80. (Mada-
gascar.)
Coasts and large lakes of East Africa; Madagascar.

Glareola nuchalis liberiae Schlegel
Glareola nuchalis liberiae Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 3, 1881, p. 58.
(Liberia.)
Larger rivers of western Africa from Sierra Leone to Nigeria, south to
Liberia, Gold Coast and western Cameroon.

Glareola nuchalis nuchalis G. R. Gray
Glareola nuchalis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849, p. 63, Aves,
pl. 9. (Fifth Cataract of the Nile near Berber.)
Glareola nuchalis var. marchet Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (7),
1, 1877, p. 104. (Ogowe River, Gaboon.)
Glareola emini Shelley, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 49. (Lado,
type from Foda, near Wadelai, Uganda.)
Glareola antaenia Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 191. (Ma-
wambi, Ituri River, Belgian Congo.)
Africa from Lake Chad to the Nile Valley (north to the Fifth Cataract)
and Ethiopia, south through eastern Cameroon, Belgian Congo and Uganda
to Angola, Rhodesia and Mozambique.

306 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Glareola cinerea cinerea Fraser
Glareola cinerea Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 26. (Mouth
of the River Nun, 7.e. the Niger.)
Sand banks of the larger West African rivers from the Gold Coast to the
Shari River and south to Gaboon and the middle Congo.

Glareola cinerea colorata Bates
Glareola cinerea colorata Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1932, p. 11.
(Niger River between Segu and Kulikoro, French Sudan.)
Sand banks of the upper Niger between Mopti and Kulikoro, French
Sudan.

Glareola lactea Temminck
Glareola lactea Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 2, 1820, p. 503. (Bengal.)
India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam and southern Laos.

SupERFAMILY THINOCOROIDEA
Famity THINOCORIDAE

Genus ATTAGIS I. Greorrroy Sarint-HILAIRE AND LESSON

Attagis I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830 (before
Mar., 1831), p. 130; diagnosis only, no species included: species added
p. 1385. Type, by monotypy, Attagis gayi I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
and Lesson.

cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 401-

403.
Loénnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, no. 25, 1922, p. 21-28.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 714-717.

Attagis gayi latreillii Lesson
Attagis Latreillii Lesson, Bull. Sci. Nat. et Géol., 25, no. 197, June, 1831,
p. 343 [numbered 243 in error]. (In a collection sent from Buenos
Aires, error = Ecuador.)!
Paramo zone of Ecuador.

Attagis gayi simonsi Chubb

Attagis gayi simonsi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 41. (Cru-
cero, 5000 met., Lake Titicaca, Peru.)

Puna zone of Peru and northern Bolivia.
Attagis gayi gayi I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Lesson
Attagis Gayt I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830
(before Mar., 1831), p. 135, pl. 47. (Santiago, Chile.)

1 Attagis chimborazensis Sclater appears to be a synonym.

FAMILY THINOCORIDAE 307

Attagis gayi fitzgeraldi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 40.
(Horcones Valley, Mendoza, Argentina.)
Puna zone of the Andes from Tarapacd, Chile, and Catamarca, Argen-
tina, south to Colchagua, Chile and Lago Buenos Aires, Argentina; Andes
of Tucuman.

?Attagis malouinus cheeputi Lowe
Attagis cheeputi Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p. 109. (Valle del
Lago Blanco, Chubtit, Argentina.)
Known only from a single specimen from the type locality and by an-
other from western Rio Negro. Doubtfully distinct.

—_.-Attagis malouinus malouinus (Boddaert)
Tetrao Malouinus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 18. (Falkland
Islands, ex Daubenton, pl. 222.)
Tierra del Fuego and Straits of Magellan; apparently only a straggler
to the Falkland Islands.

Genus THINOCORUS EscuscHoutz

Thinocorus Eschscholtz, Zool. Atlas, Heft 1, 1829, p. 2, pl. 2. Type, by
monotypy, Thinocorus rumicivorus Eschscholtz.
cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 398-
_ 401.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 24, 1896, p. 717-720.
Wetmore, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 172-174.

Thinocorus orbignyianus ingae Tschudi
Thinocorus Ingae Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1843, p. 387.
(Andes of Peru, restricted to ‘‘above Matucana, Puna,” by Brod-
korb, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 500.)
Puna zone of southern Peru and western Bolivia in the region about
Lake Titicaca.

Thinocorus orbignyianus orbignyianus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and
Lesson
Tinochorus (sic) Orbignyianus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Lesson, Cent.
Zool., 1830 (before March, 1831), p. 137, pl. 48, 7; p. 139, pl. 49, °.
(Santiago, Chile.)
Andes of Chile and Argentina from Tacna and Jujuy south to Tierra
del Fuego.

..Thinocorus rumicivorus pallidus Salvadori and Festa

Thinocorus pallidus Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 25,
1910, no. 631, p. 1. (Santa Elena, Ecuador.)

Coast of southwestern Ecuador.

308 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Thinocorus rumicivorus cuneicauda (Peale)
Glareola cuneicauda Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 244. (San
Lorenzo Island, Peru.)
Thinocorus peruvianus Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p. 109.
(Islay, Peru.)
Coast of Peru and northern Chile from Callao to Tarapacd.

Thinocorus rumicivorus bolivianus Lowe

Thinocorus rumicivorus bolivianus Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921,
p. 109. (Uyuni, 3660 met., Potosi, Bolivia.)
Known from the highlands of southwestern Bolivia.

Thinocorus rumicivorus rumicivorus Eschscholtz
Thinocorus rumicivorus Eschscholtz, Zool. Atlas, Heft 1, 1829, p. 2,
pl. 2. (Concepcién Bay, Chile.)
Thinocorus rumicivorus venturit Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Ci., 41,
1921, p. 111. (Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
Chile from Atacama, and Argentina, probably from Jujuy, south to
Llanquihue and Chubtt. In winter descending to the lower plains and
migrating as far north as eastern Argentina and Uruguay.

Thinocorus rumicivorus patagonicus Reichenow
Thinocorus ramicivorus (sic) patagonicus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 68,
1920, p. 88. (Southern Patagonia.)
Southern Argentina from Santa Cruz to Tierra del Fuego.

SuPERFAMILY CHIONIDOIDEA

Famity CHIONIDIDAE

Genus CHIONIS J. R. Forster!

Chionis J. R. Forster, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 37. Diagnosis only,
no species included. Type, by subsequent designation, Vaginalis alba
Gmelin (Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 705.)

cf. Reichenow, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., Zool., 1, Heft 6, 1908,
p. 565-566 and fig.

Chionis alba (Gmelin)

Vaginalis alba Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 705. (New Zea-
land, error, Falkland Islands substituted by Brabourne and Chubb,
Bds. S. Am., 1912, p. 36.)?

1 Includes Chionarchus Kidder and Coues of Sharpe’s Hand-list. It would
seem to express better the evident relationships in this group to regard alba
and minor as specifically rather than generically distinct, and to consider the
different forms inhabiting the islands south of the Indian Ocean as differing
only subspecifically from each other.

2 Gmelin’s name is a composite: his description is based on Latham whose
account specifically mentions a dark caruncle over the eye, characteristic of

FAMILY CHIONIDIDAE 309

Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, and Booth Island, occurs and
may breed in some of the following places: coast of Territory of Santa
Cruz, Argentina, Straits of Magellan, Paulet and Cockburn Islands,
Falkland Islands, South Shetlands, Louis Philippe Peninsula, and Graham
Coast.

Chionis minor marionensis Reichenow

Chionis marionensis Reichenow, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., Zool., 1,
Heft 6, 1908, p. 566. (Marion Island.)

Prince Edward and Marion Islands.

~-Chionis minor crozettensis (Sharpe)

Chionarchus crozettensis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1896, p. 44.
(Crozet Islands.)
Crozet and Possession Islands.

Chionis minor minor Hartlaub
Chionis minor Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 5. (No locality = Kergue-
len Island.)

Kerguelen Island.

Chionis minor nasicornis Reichenow
Chionis nasicornis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 47. (Heard
Island.)
Heard Island.

SUBORDER LARI

Famity STERCORARIIDAE
Genus CATHARACTA Brinnicu !

Catharacta Briinnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 32. Type, by subsequent
designation, Catharacta skua Briinnich (Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat.,
1852 (1853), p. v.)

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 1, 1919, p. 215-219.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1756-1758.
Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped., 1910, Zool., 4, no. 5, 1930,
p: 113-123.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1913, p. 482-496.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 674-680.

Catharacta skua skua Briinnich
Catharacta Skua Briinnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 33. (Faroes and
Iceland.)

the minor group; on the other hand Latham’s figure represents the bird now
known as alba, and by restricting Gmelin’s name to the plate in Latham, no
changes in nomenclature need occur.

1 Replaces Megalestris Bonaparte of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

310 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Known breeding places are in Iceland, the Fiaroes, Shetlands and Ork-
neys; reported to have bred on Lady Franklin Island, southeastern Baffin
Island and Greenland. Winters at sea off the Atlantic coast of North
America from Newfoundland to Massachusetts and in the eastern Atlantic
south to Gibraltar.

Catharacta skua chilensis (Bonaparte)
Stercorarius antarcticus b. chilensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857,
p. 207. (Chile.)
Breeds at Arauco Bay, Chile, Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego.
Ranges north on the western coasts of America to British Columbia and
on the eastern coast of South America to Rio de Janeiro.

Catharacta skua antarctica (Lesson)

Lestris antarcticus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 616. (Falk-
land Islands and New Zealand: restricted to the former by Mathews,
Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 212.)

Megalestris antarctica falklandica Lonnberg, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Sudp.
Exped., 5, Lief. 5, 1905, p. 8. (Hope Bay, Louis Philippe Land.)

?Catharacta antarctica batchelori Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50,
1929, p. 11. (Name for the bird described in Bds. Norfolk and Lord
Howe Ids., 1928, p. 116, Queenscliff, Queensland.)

Breeds on the Falkland Islands, on Gough and Inaccesible Islands, and

on Tristan da Cunha. Ranges to the coasts of southern Argentina and
South Africa.

Catharacta skua clarkei Mathews
Catharacta lonnbergi clarkei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1913, p. 494.
(South Orkneys.)
Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys and South Shetlands.

Catharacta skua lénnbergi Mathews
Catharacta antarctica lénnbergi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 212.
(New Zealand Seas.)
Breeds on west coast of South Island, New Zealand (Otago district),
Stewart Island, Chatham Islands, thence south on the subantarctic
islands to Macquarie Island. Ranges to the seas off southern Australia.

Catharacta skua intercedens Mathews

Catharacta lonnbergi intercedens Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1913, p. 494.
(Kerguelen Island.)

Breeds on Kerguelen, and probably on the Crozets. Ranges over the
southern Indian Ocean, probably to the coasts of Africa.

Catharacta skua maccormicki (Saunders)

Stercorarius maccormicki Saunders, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 12.
(Possession Island, Victoria Land, lat. 71° 14’S., long. 171° 15’ W.)

FAMILY STERCORARIIDAE Sal bal

Catharacta maccormicki wilsoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1913, p. 495.
(Weddell Sea, the type is from lat. 74°S., long. 22° W., off Coats’
Land, fide Lowe and Kinnear, antea, p. 123.)

?Catharacta matsudairae Taka-Tsukasa, Tori, 3, nos. 12 and 13, 1922,
unpaged. (Japanese Seas?)!

Breeds on the shores of Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. Ranging to the

South Shetlands and north to the Japanese coast (?).

GENUS STERCORARIUS BrIsson

Stercorarius Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 56; 6, p. 149. Type, by taut-
onymy, Stercorarius Brisson = Larus parasiticus Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1758-1764.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 680-699.

~-Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck)

Lestris pomarinus Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 514. (Arctic regions

of Europe.)

Coprotheres pomarinus nutcherti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917,

p. 72. (Broken Bay, New South Wales.)
Stercorarius nigricapillus Bergman, Fauna och Flora, 18, 1923, p. 232.
(Kamchatka.)

Breeds on Novaya Zemlya, the Yalmal Peninsula, Arctic coast of Siberia,
New Siberian Islands, Herald Island, northwestern Alaska, islands of the
Arctic Archipelago and the adjacent mainland south to Southampton
Island, and central Greenland. Winters (off shore) to western Africa,
Mediterranean and Black Seas, Indian Ocean (rarely), Australia (rarely),
Galapagos Archipelago, coasts of Peru, Gulf of Mexico and the western
Atlantic off the coast of Virginia.

~~—Stercorarius parasiticus (Linné)

Larus parasiticus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Within
the Tropic of Cancer of Europe, America and Asia; restricted type
locality, coast of Sweden.)

Stercorarius parasiticus visitori Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 126.
(Sydney, New South Wales.)

Breeds from Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, New
Siberian Islands (?), northwestern Alaska and Melville Island, eastward
across the Arctic Archipelago to northern Greenland, south to Iceland,
Faroes, northern British Isles, northern coast of Scandinavia, Murman
coast, Arctic coast of Siberia, Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska,
southern Mackenzie, Hudson Bay, northern Labrador and southern Green-
land; an isolated breeding colony on Suljuk-kul in Turgai? Winters south

1 A single specimen in the M.C. Z. from Sagami Sea, Japan, in very worn
and bleached plumage probably represents maccormickt.

312 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

off the coast of western Africa to the Cape of Good Hope, Mediterranean
Sea, coast of northwestern India, Australia, New Zealand, Pacifie coast of
America from California to central Chile and on the Atlantic coast from
Florida to Argentina.

Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot

Stercorartus longicaudus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 157.
(The north of Europe, Asia and America; restricted type locality,
northern Europe.)

Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens Léppenthin, Meddel. om Gr¢nland,
91, no. 6, 1932, p. 85, 938. (Cap Stosch, lat. 74° N., long. 22° W.,
northeastern Greenland.)!

Breeds in northern Scandinavia, northern Russia, Novaya Zemlya, the
Siberian tundra, New Siberian Islands, northern and western Alaska,
northern Mackenzie, Ellesmere Island, northern Labrador, and Green-
land from the extreme northwest to Disko Bay and Scoresby Sound.
Winters south to the coast of western Africa, the Mediterranean Sea and
Japan.

Famity LARIDAE

SuBFAMILY LARINAE?
Genus GABIANUS Brucu 3

Gabianus “Bp.” Bruch, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 100. Type, by
monotypy, Larus pacificus Latham.

cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 1, 1918, p. 49-56.
Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 73; 129-137, figs. 1-12.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912-13, p. 474-481.

Gabianus pacificus (Latham)
Larus pacificus Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixvui. (New Hol-
land = New South Wales, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 332.)
Gabianus pacificus kingi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 56.
(Queensland.)

Breeds on islands off the southern coast of Australia from King George
Sound to Bass Strait; Tasmania. Ranges north to the coasts of West
Australia and Queensland.

1 It would appear that the characters used for the differentiation of the
northeast Greenland bird are individual, not of geographic significance.

2 The sequence of species adopted is practically the same as that proposed
by Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 63-401; however, I have
not been able to follow all of his proposed generic and subgeneric refinements.

3 Includes Leucophaeus Bruch of Sharpe’s Hand-list and most authors.

FAMILY LARIDAE 313

——-—Gabianus scoresbii (Traill)
Larus Scoresbiz Traill, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 4, 1822 (1823),
p. 514, pl. 6, f. 1. (South Shetland Islands.)
Breeds on Tierra del Fuego, Falkland and South Shetland Islands.

Ranges to the coast of South America north toe Chiloé Island on the west
and the Rio Gallegos on the east.

Genus PAGOPHILA Kaur

Pagophila Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 69, 196.
Type, by monotypy, Larus eburneus Phipps.
cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 75; 138-140, figs.
13-18.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1750-1751.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 575-580.

-.....Pagophila eburnea (Phipps)!
Larus Eburneus Phipps, Voy. N. Pole, 1774, App., p. 187. (Spitsbergen.)
Breeds on Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land, Prince Patrick Island, Mel-
ville Island and from Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland to north-

ern Baffin Island. Winters to the northern coasts of Europe, Asia and
North America.

Genus LARUS LINNE

Larus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. Type, by subsequent
designation, Larus marinus Linné (Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types
Aves, 1840, p. 48).

Saundersia Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 69, 81, 104,
311. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Larus saunderst
Swinhoe. Not Saundersia Schiner, 1868, Insecta.

Saundersilarus Dwight, Auk, 48, 1926, p. 228. New name for Saun-
dersia Dwight, preoccupied.

Calpata Strand, Arch. Naturg., 92 A, Heft 8, 1928, p. 59. New name
for Saundersta Dwight, preoccupied.”

cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 75-82; 140-314,

figs. 19-356.

Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1720-1749; Nachtr. 1, 1923,
p. 85-86.

Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 408-
413.

1 [ follow Hartert in rejecting Larus albus Gunnerus as being of too doubt-
ful application to be used for this or any other gull.

2 For a complete list of generic names proposed in the Larinae, see Dwight,
antea, p. 67-68.

4“

314 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 194-210 (north
Siberian races of argentatus, p. 195-203).

Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 40-51.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 580-658.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 100-109.

Larus fuliginosus Gould

Larus fuliginosus Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Voy. ‘ Beagle,’ 3, 1841, p. 141.
(James Island, Gal4pagos Archipelago.)

Resident on the Galapagos Archipelago.

Larus modestus Tschudi
Larus modestus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1843, p. 389. (Shores
of the Pacific Ocean = Lurin, south of Lima, Peru.)

Breeds on the coast of Peru; ranges north to Guayaquil, Ecuador, and
south to Valdivia, Chile.

Larus heermanni Cassin
Larus Heermanni Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, p. 187.
(San Diego, California. )
Breeds on the west coast of Mexico, on islands in the Gulf of Ciliormin
and on San Roque Island, Pacific coast of Lower California; ranges north
to southern British Calambiy and south to Guatemala.

- Larus leucophthalmus Temminck

Larus leucophthalmus Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 62, 1825, pl. 366. (Coasts
of the Red Sea.)

Resident on coasts and islands of the southern half of whe Red Sea, the
Gulf of Aden and the Somali coast; ranges to Suez.

Larus hemprichii Bruch

Larus (Adelarus) Hemprichii “Bp.” Bruch, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853,
p. 106. (Red Sea.) New name for Larus crassirostris Vigors, not of
Vieillot.

Breeds on islands in the southern part of the Red Sea, on the coasts of
the Gulf of Aden, and on Astolah Island, off coast of Persian Baluchistan;
ranges north in the Red Sea to about lat. 22° N., south on the coast of
East Africa to Zanzibar, along the Makran coast and east to Sind.

Larus belcheri Vigors
Larus Belcheri Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1829, p. 358. (No locality given.)
Breeds on the coast of Peru; ranging casually south to Coquimbo,
Chile.
Larus crassirostris Vieillot

Larus crassirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 21, 1818, p. 508.
(Nagasaki, Japan, ex pl. 57 of Krusenstern’s Voyage.)

FAMILY LARIDAE 315

Breeds on the coasts and islands of the northern part of the Japan Sea,
ranging to the coasts of Japan and south to about lat. 22° N. on the
China coast.

——~ Larus audouinii Payraudeau

Larus Audowinit Payraudeau, Ann. Sci. Nat., 8, 1826, p. 462. (Sar-
dinia and Corsica.)

Mediterranean Sea, breeding on small islands in the western portion.

..Larus delawarensis Ord

Larus Delawarensis Anonymous = Ord, in Guthrie’s Geogr., 2nd Am,
ed., 2, 1815, p. 319. (Delaware River, below Philadelphia.)

Breeds in North America (chiefly in the interior) from southern Alaska,
Great Slave Lake, northern Manitoba and James Bay, south to southern
Oregon, northern Utah, southern Colorado, North Dakota (formerly to
Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan) and southern Ontario; a colony
near Cape Whittle, north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Winters from
southern British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, the Great Lakes and New
England coast, south to southern Mexico, the Gulf coast and Cuba.

-—.. Larus canus canus Linné

Larus canus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in Europe from the British Isles, Scandinavia, Kola and Kanin
Peninsulas, south locally to Holland (formerly), Baltic Sea coast of Ger-
many, the River Don, and Transcaucasia. Winters south to the Mediter-
ranean Sea.

Larus canus kamtschatschensis (Bonaparte)

Larus canus L. var. major Middendorff, Reise Nord. und Ost. Siberiens,
2, Th. 2, 1853, p. 248, pl. 24, f. 4. (Stanovoi Mountains and the Sea
of Okhotsk.) Not Laroides major C. L. Brehm, = Larus argentatus
Linné.

Gavina Kamtchatchensis Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, p. 212, 215.
(Kamchatka.) Nomen nudum.

Gavina hine Larus kamtschatschensis (sic) Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2,
1857, p. 224. In synonymy of Larus niveus Pallas, 1811, not Larus
niveus Boddaert, 1783, = Larus eburneus Phipps.

1 Tt is now a generally accepted principle of nomenclature that a name orig-
inally published as a nomen nudum is not available for use by a later author,
even when accompanied by an adequate diagnosis, if the name has been pre-
viously quoted in synonymy with a sufficient literary reference; such a quo-
tation ipso facto renders the name a substitute name for the species in whose
synonymy it is quoted. Since Larus niveus Pallas is unavailable by reason of
Larus niwveus Boddaert, the substitute name kamtschatschensis becomes the
earliest one available.

$16 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in Siberia north to the Arctic Circle in the valleys of the Ob and
the Yenessei, to lat. 70° N. in the valley of the Lena, to lat. 68° 40’ N. in
the valley of the Kolyma, east to Anadyr, south to the Kirghiz Steppes,
the Altai, northwestern Mongolia, Stanovoi Mountains and Kamchatka.
Winters on the coasts of China and Japan south to Formosa.

Larus canus brachyrhynchus Richardson
Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson, in Wilson and Bonaparte, Am. Orn.,
Jameson ed., 4, 1831, p. 352. (Great Bear Lake.)
Breeds in northwestern North America from Kotzebue Sound to Ander-
son River, south to central British Columbia and Lake Athabaska. Win-
ters on the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to southern California.

Larus argentatus thayeri W. S. Brooks
Larus thayeri W.S. Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 59, 1915, p. 373.
(Buchanan Bay, Ellesmere Island.)
Breeds in the Arctic Archipelago from Banks Island to northern Elles-
mere Island. In migration to Alaska; wintering on the Pacific coast
from British Columbia to California.?

Larus argentatus smithsonianus Coues
Larus Smithsonianus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 296.
(Eastern and western coasts of North America.)

Breeds in North America from south-central Alaska, northern Mac-
kenzie, Southampton Island and southern Baffin Island, south to northern
British Columbia, southern Manitoba, central Minnesota, the Great
Lakes, Lake Champlain and the New England coast. Winters from British
Columbia, the Great Lakes and Gulf of St. Lawrence, south to western
Mexico, Yucatan, and Florida; rarely to the Bahamas, Cuba and His-
paniola.

Larus argentatus argentatus Pontoppidan
Larus Argentatus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1, 1763, p. 622. (No
type locality = Christiansée, ex Brunnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 44.)
Breeds in the Faroes, British Isles, northern and western Europe from
Scandinavia, south to France and the Baltic Sea. Winters south to the
Mediterranean.

Larus argentatus omissus Pleske
Larus argentatus omissus “Sushkin” Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1928, p. 195. (Gulf of Finland, White Sea and the Murman
coast.)
Breeds on the Murman coast and on the coasts of and islands in the
White Sea. Winter range not determined.
1 Larus kumlieni Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 8, 1883, p. 216 (Cum-

berland Sound, Baffin Island), is now regarded as a hybrid between Larus
leucopterus Vieillot and Larus argentatus thayert W. S. Brooks.

wrens es (20

FAMILY LARIDAE 317

Larus argentatus antelius Iredale
Larus fuscus antelius Iredale, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 69. (Ob
River, western Siberia.) New name for Larus affinis Saunders, Cat.
Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 254, not Larus affinis Reinhardt.
Breeds on the lower course of the North Dvina River, Kolguev Island,
the lower Pechora, the lower Ob and its northern tributaries. Winter
range not definitely known but recorded from Russian Lapland and the
Murman coast at this season.

Larus argentatus heuglini Bree
Larus Heuglini Bree, Bds. Eur., ed. 2, 5, 1876, p. 58 and pl. (New name
for Larus cachinnans Pallas, not of Pallas, Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost
Afr., 2, Abth. 2, 1873, no. 892, part; type from Zeyla, Somaliland.) !

Larus affinis taimyrensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 2,1911, p. 149. (Western

shores of the Gulf of Yenessei.)

Breeds in northern Siberia in the wooded and perhaps subalpine por-
tions of the lower Yenessei, Taimyr Peninsula and the Khatanga; non-
breeders occur on the adjacent portions of the Arctic coast. Relict breed-
ing colonies on the Baraba and Kirghiz Steppes. Winters in the southern
part of the Red Sea, the north Somali coast, and in the Persian Gulf.

Larus argentatus birulai Pleske
Larus argentatus birulai “Sushkin”’ Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1928, p. 197. (Taimyr Peninsula, Nicholas II Land, coasts of
Arctic Ocean at the mouths of the Anabara, Olenek, Lena and Yana
Rivers; New Siberian Islands.)

Breeds on islands in the Arctic Ocean (Nicholas II Land, New Siberian
Islands, Kotelny Island), Taimyr Peninsula (north of the range of heuglint)
and probably the Arctic coast east to the Yana River. Apparently migrates
eastward along the Arctic coast; winter range unknown.

Larus argentatus vegae Palmén
Larus argentatus Briinn. var. Vege Palmén, in Nordenskidld, Vega-
Exped. Vetensk. Iakttag., 5, 1887, p. 370. (Pidlin, northeastern
Siberia.)
Breeds in northern Siberia from the Kolyma River to Anadyr Bay. In
migration occurring on the coast of Alaska and in the Aleutian Islands;
winters south to Japan and the China coast.

Larus argentatus mongolicus Sushkin
Larus argentatus mongolicus Sushkin, Bds. Russian Altai, etc., 1925,
p. 63. (Uriug-nor, northwestern Mongolia.)?

1 J am indebted to Prof. O. Neumann for notes on the identity of Larus
heuglint and its winter range.

2 For additional characters and distribution, see Stegmann, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS., 1928 (1929), p. 172-175.

318 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds on the lakes of central Asia from southeastern Russian Altai and
Dzungaria across northwestern Mongolia to Lake Baikal. In winter on
the coasts of China and Indochina; some of the Indian records of cachin-
nans may be referable here.

Larus argentatus cachinnans Pallas

Larus cachinnans Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 318. (Caspian
Sea.)

Breeds in southern Russia, on the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas
and eastward across south-central Asia to Zaissan-nor and Ala-tau. Win-
ters in the northern half of the RedSea; some winter birds from the eastern
Mediterranean may be referable here.

Larus argentatus michahelles Naumann
Larus Michahelles Naumann, Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 10, 1840, p. 282.
(Coast of Dalmatia.)
Breeds on islands in the Adriatic Sea and perhaps other islands in the
western and central Mediterranean. Ranges over the western Mediter-
ranean and to the coast of Portugal.

Larus argentatus atlantis Dwight
Larus fuscus atlantis Dwight, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 44, 1922, p. 1.
(Fayal, Azores.)
Resident on the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands, ranging to the
west coast of Africa from Morocco to the Gambia River.

Larus fuscus fuscus Linné

Larus fuscus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Hurope, re-

stricted type locality, Sweden.)

Larus fuscus intermedius Schidler, Dansk Orn. For. Tidskr., 16, 1922,

p. 21. (Norway and Denmark.)

Breeds from northern Scandinavia eastward to the Murman coast and
south to the Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, Lake Ladoga and Lake
Onega. Winters from the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and the Per-
sian Gulf, south to Sierra Leone and the East African lake region.

Larus fuscus graellsii A. E. Brehm
Larus Graellsit A. E. Brehm, Allg. Deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, N. F.,
3, 1857, p. 483. (Malaga, Spain.)!
Larus fuscus britannicus Lowe, Brit. Bds., 6, 1912, p. 2. (Caithness,
Scotland.)
Breeds on the Faroes, British Isles, Channel Islands and western coast
of France. Winters from the British Isles to the western Mediterranean
and coasts of West Africa to the Gulf of Guinea.

1 Replaces Larus affinis Reinhardt, Vidensk. Meddel. Kjébenhavn, 1853,
p. 78 (Greenland), shown by Jourdain, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 82-84, to be a
synonym of Larus argentatus Linné.

FAMILY LARIDAE 319

—— Larus californicus Lawrence

Larus Californicus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, 1854, p. 79.

(Near Stockton, California.)
Breeds in the interior of North America from the upper Mackenzie,
Great Slave Lake and Saskatchewan, south to west-central California,
Great Salt Lake, northwestern Wyoming and northeastern North Dakota.
Winters on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to south-
western Mexico and from Great Salt Lake to the Gulf of California;

occasional on the coast of Texas.

~~~ Larus occidentalis occidentalis Audubon
Larus occidentalis Audubon, Orn. Biogr., 5, 1839, p. 320. (Cape Disap-
pointment, Washington.)
Breeds on the Pacific coast of the United States from Washington to
northern California and the Farallon Islands. Chiefly resident, but rang-
ing in winter to southern California.

Larus occidentalis wymani Dickey and van Rossem
Larus occidentalis wymani Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 27, 1925,
p. 163. (Santa Catalina Island, California.)
Resident on the coast of California and Pacific coast of Lower California
from Monterey County and the Santa Barbara Islands south to Asuncién
Island.

Larus occidentalis livens Dwight
Larus occidentalis livens Dwight, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 11.
(San José Island, Lower California.)
Breeds on islands in the Gulf of California from Consag Rock south to
San José Island.

__ Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein

Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 82. (Coasts of
Brazil.)

Larus dominicanus austrinus Fleming, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, 1924,
p. 139. (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands.)!

Breeds locally off the coast of southern South America from Lobos de
Tierra Island, Peru, on the west and Rio de Janeiro on the east, south to
Tierra del Fuego, also on some of the Andean Lakes in western Argen-
tina; Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Shetlands and South
Orkneys; coasts of Africa from Walvis Bay to Durban; Crozet Islands,
Kerguelen, Heard Island, Marion Island; New Zealand, Chatham Islands,
Snares, Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes, Bounty and Macquarie Islands.

1 Pending the review of the races of Larus dominicanus suggested by Flem-
ing, I adopt Dwight’s course of not recognizing any subspecies, though there
is no doubt that a reviser with adequate and comparable breeding material
will have no difficulty in subdividing this species.

320 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Larus schistisagus Stejneger
Larus schistisagus Stejneger, Auk, 1, 1884, p. 231. (Bering Island and
Petropaulski, Kamchatka, type from Bering Island.)
Breeds in Kamchatka and on the Commander Islands; ranges to eastern
Siberia and western Alaska; winters south to the coasts of Japan.t

Larus marinus Linné

Larus marinus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 186. (Europe, re-

stricted type locality = Gotland, Sweden.)

Breeds on both coasts of the northern North Atlantic, and adjacent parts
of the Arctic Ocean and seas from the western coast of Greenland south
of lat. 73° N., to Labrador and Massachusetts; Iceland, the Faroes, British
Isles, Scandinavia, Baltic Sea coasts and northern Russia east to the lower
Pechora; Kolguev Island. Winters south to the Great Lakes, Delaware
Bay, Azores, Canary Islands, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas.

Larus glaucescens Naumann

Larus glaucescens Naumann, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 10, 1840, p. 351.
(North America.)

Breeds in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America from
eastern Siberia to Kamchatka and the Commander Islands; from Norton
Sound, Alaska, to Washington; islands in Bering Sea and the Aleutian
Islands. Winters southward to the coasts of China and Japan and from
the Aleutian Islands to Lower California.

Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus

Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, in Leem, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, p.
226, note. (Northern Norway.) ?

Breeds circumpolarly from northern Greenland, Spitsbergen, Franz
Josef Land, New Siberian Islands, Melville Island and Ellesmere Island,
south to Iceland, Jan Mayen, the Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia from
the Murman coast to the Chukchi Peninsula, Pribilov Islands, Mackenzie,
James Bay, Labrador and Newfoundland. Winters south to the coasts of
western Europe, China, Japan, California, Great Lakes and Long Island;
many instances of casual occurrence in winter far south of the normal
winter range.

Larus leucopterus Vieillot

Larus Leucopterus Vieillot, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1820, p. 346.
(Baffin Bay and Departement de la Somme.)

1 Larus nelsont Henshaw, Auk, 1, 1884, p. 250 (St. Michael’s, Alaska), is
now regarded as a hybrid between Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus and Larus
argentatus vegae Palmén.

2 Replaces Larus glaucus Fabr. of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY LARIDAE 321

Breeds in the Arctic Archipelago south to Victoria Island and Boothia
Peninsula (?), both coasts of Greenland and on Jan Mayen.! Winters
south to the Great Lakes, Long Island, Iceland, Faroes, British Isles,
France and the Baltic Sea.

Larus ichthyaetus Pallas

Larus Ichthyaetus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773,
p. 713. (Caspian Sea.)

Breeds in southern Russia from the Crimea, Sea of Azov and the Sarpa
Steppes eastward (including Caspian and Aral Seas) to northwestern
Mongolia and the Irtysh. Winters south to the eastern Mediterranean,
Red Sea, Persian Gulf and the coasts of India and Burma.

Larus atricilla Linné
Larus Atricilla Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (America =
Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.)

Breeds locally along the coast of the United States from Massachusetts
to Texas, Caribbean coast of Central America, Bahama Islands, Cuba (?)
and in the Lesser Antilles; southern California; recorded in summer
from coast of Venezuela and islands of Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire.
Winters from South Carolina and the Gulf coast to Brazil, and on the west
from southern Mexico to Peru (Chile is erroneous).

Larus brunnicephalus Jerdon
Larus brunnicephalus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. and Sci., 12, 1840,
p. 225. (West coast of Indian peninsula.)

Breeds on the inland lakes of the high plateaus of central Asia from
Chinese Turkestan to southern Mongolia and south to Ladak and the
eastern Himalayas. Winters on the coasts of southern Asia from the
Gulf of Aden to Tenasserim and in the Gulf of Siam.

..... Larus cirrocephalus cirrocephalus Vieillot
Larus cirrocephalus (sic) Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 21, 1818,
p. 502. (Brazil.)
Breeds in southern South America from southern Brazil to Buenos
Aires Province; ranges up the Parand and Paraguay Rivers to Paraguay
and Matto Grosso. Recorded outside the breeding season on the coast
of Peru.

Larus cirrocephalus poiocephalus Swainson

Larus potocephalus Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 245, pl. 29.
(West Africa.)
African lake region from Ethiopia to Lake Ngami and Lake Nyasa, also
occurring on Lake Chad; a breeding colony in Gambia. Often recorded
from the coasts of Africa. Southern Madagascar.

1 Apparently does not occur as a breeding bird anywhere in northern Asia
or Arctic islands to the north

322 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

. Larus serranus Tschudi

Larus serranus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 314. (Peru

= Puna region of the Valley of Jauja, Junin.)

Breeds in western South America on the high Andean lakes from
Ecuador to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. Descends to the
coast of Peru during non-breeding period.

Larus pipixcan Wagler

Larus Pipixcan Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1831, col. 515. (Mexico.) !

Breeds in North America from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan
and south-central Manitoba to Utah, South Dakota and southern Minne-
sota (formerly to Iowa). Winters on the Gulf coast of the United States
but chiefly on the western coast of South America from Peru to Chile.

Larus novae-hollandiae forsteri (Mathews)

Gelastes gouldi Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, p. 216. (Northern coasts
of New Holland.) Preoccupied by Gavia gouldiz Bruch, 1853, as a
synonym of Larus jamesonit.

Bruchigavia nove-hollandiz forsteri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 457. (New Caledonia.)

Bruchigavia novaehollandiae yorki Mathews, Bds. Austr., Suppl. no. 1,
1920, p. 80. New name for Gelastes gouldi Bonaparte, preoccupied.

Coasts of northern Australia from Port Darwin eastward, south on the

eastern coast to the Capricorn group; New Caledonia.

Larus novae-hollandiae novae-hollandiae Stephens
Larus Nove-Hollandiz Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826,
p. 196. (New South Wales.)
Larus nove-hollandiz ethele Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 30.
(Kangaroo Island.)
Breeds on the coasts, islands and lakes of southern Australia north to
Bernier Island on the west and the Five Islands on the east.

Larus novae-hollandiae gunni Mathews
Larus novaehollandiae gunni Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 212.
(Tasmania.)
Breeds on Tasmania at Great Lake and on Great Actaeon Island;
ranges to the Australian coast.”

Larus novae-hollandiae scopulinus J. R. Forster

Larus scopulinus J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 106.
(Dusky Sound, South Island.)

Breeds in New Zealand, Chatham Islands and probably on Snares,
Auckland and Campbell Islands.

1 Replaces Larus franklini Swains. and Rich. of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Mathews in Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 147, sets up Larus james-
oni J. Wilson for the Tasmanian bird, but both Wilson’s plate and description
apply to novae-hollandiae of southern Australia.

FAMILY LARIDAE 323

———. Larus novae-hollandiae hartlaubii Bruch
Larus (Gavia) Hartlaubvi Bruch, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 102. (Cape
of Good Hope and the Indian coasts.)
Breeds on islands in St. Helena Bay and Saldana Bay, southwestern
Africa; ranges to the coasts of Great Namaqualand and Natal.

__—. Larus melanocephalus melanocephalus Temminck
Larus melanocephalus ‘‘ Natt.”” Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 2, 1820,
p. 777. (Coasts of the Adriatic Sea.)
Breeds on the Black Sea and in the northern parts of the eastern Medi-
terranean. Ranges to the western Mediterranean.

Larus melanocephalus relictus Lénnberg
Larus melanocephalus relictus Lonnberg, Ark. Zool., 23 B, no. 2, 1931,
p. 2 [in explanation to fig. 1], p.5. (Tsondol, on the Etsingol, south-
ern Gobi.)

Known only from the unique type.

——— Larus bulleri Hutton
Larus bullers Hutton, Cat. Bds. New Zealand, 1871, p. 41. (New
Zealand.)+
Breeds on some of the rivers and lakes of South Island, New Zealand.
Ranges to the coast, and north to the southern part of North Island.

~——— Larus maculipennis Lichtenstein
Larus maculipennis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 83. (Monte-
video, Uruguay.)
Larus glaucodes Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl.
1, 1834, p. 115, pl. 24. (Coast of Chile.)
Breeds in southern South America from Valdivia, Chile, and the La
Plata Estuary, south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. Ranges
north to Tarapacd, Chile, and to Alagoas, Brazil.

_..... Larus ridibundus Linné

Larus ridibundus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 225. (European
Seas.)

Larus ridibundus sibtricus Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 66. (Kolyma
Delta and Ussuriland.)?

Chroicocephalus ridibundus lavrov Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 3, 1912, p. 29,
30. (Tschirtschik, Syr Daria, Semiretchensk.)

Larus slesvicensts Brinckmann, Schleswig-Holstein Provinzialber., 1917,
p. 265. (Mdéwenberg, near Schleswig.)

1 Replaces Bruchigavia melanorhynchus Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 43, not Larus
melanorhynchus Temminck, 1830.

2 For remarks on the status of this supposed race see Kozlova, Ibis, 1932,
p. 584.

324 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in Europe and Asia from Iceland, the Faroes, British Isles,
southern Scandinavia, Finland, Arkhangelsk, lat. 66° 40’ N. on the Ob, 64°
on the Lena, 68° on the Kolyma, and from Kamchatka, south to Sardinia,
mouth of the Danube, central Russia (gouvernements of Smolensk and
Perm), Transcaspia, Tarbagatai, northern Mongolia and Ussuriland. In
winter south to the Azores, Gambia, southern shores of the Mediterranean,
Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, India, Indochina, Japan and the Philippines.

Larus genei Bréme 4
Larus Genei Bréme, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 821. (Sardinia.)
Breeds on the Black and Caspian Seas, Sea of Azov, Persian Gulf,

Makran coast and Sind; southern Spain(?). Ranges throughout the Medi-
terranean, coast of northwestern Africa and the Red Sea.

Larus philadelphia (Ord)
Sterna Philadelphia Anonymous = Ord, in Guthrie’s Geogr., 2nd Am.
ed., 2, 1815, p.319. (No locality = near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)
Breeds in North America from northwestern Alaska and northern Mac-
kenzie south to central British Columbia and central Alberta. Winters
on the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to Lower California and
western Mexico, on the Atlantic from New England to Florida and on the
Gulf coast to Yucatan.

Larus minutus Pallas

Larus minutus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1776, p. 702.
(Rivers of Siberia and in Russia, restricted type locality, Beresov,
Tobolsk, Siberia, fide Ridgway, op. cit., p. 650.)

Breeds locally in Europe and Asia from central Sweden, Gulf of Bothnia,
Ladoga Lake, Arkhangelsk, lat. 66° 35’ N. on the Ob, 64° on the Lena,
and shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, south to Denmark, East Prussia, central
Russia (gouvernements of Smolensk, Moscow, Kazan and Ufa), steppes
of western Siberia, the Altai, and Lake Baikal. In migration and in
winter to the British Isles, shores of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian
Seas.

Larus saundersi (Swinhoe)

Chroicocephalus saunderst Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,
p. 273, pl. 22. (Amoy, China.)

Breeds on the fresh water lakes of Mongolia and northern China.
Winters on the China coast, Korea, and Japan south to Formosa.

GrNnus RHODOSTETHIA Maccituivray

Rhodostethia Macgillivray, Man. Brit. Orn., 2, 1842, p. 252. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Larus rossii Richardson = Larus
roseus Macgillivray.

1 Replaces Larus gelastes Keyserling and Blasius, 1840.

FAMILY LARIDAE 325

cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 82; 314-316, figs.
357-362.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1718-1720.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 668-672.

_. Rhodostethia rosea (Macgillivray)

Larus roseus Macgillivray, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 5, 1824,
p. 249. (No locality = Melville Peninsula, based on specimen taken
there on Parry’s second voyage.)

Breeds in northern Siberia at the mouths of the rivers between Cape
Swjatoi Noss and the Indigirka River, and in the valleys of the Indigirka,
Alazei and Kolyma south to about lat. 67° 30’ N. Migrates to Kam-
chatka, the Arctic coast of Alaska, and west coast of Greenland.

GeENus RISSA STEPHENS

Rissa Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 180. Type, by
monotypy, Rissa brunnichi Stephens = Larus tridactylus Linné.
cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 82-83; 316-324,
figs. 363-372.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1751-1754.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 564-575.

Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (Linné)
Larus tridactylus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Northern
Europe; restricted type locality, Great Britain.)

Breeds from the Wellington Channel, northern Greenland, Spitsbergen,
Franz Josef Land and the New Siberian Islands, south to Somerset Island,
east coast of Baffin Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Iceland, the British
Isles, northwestern France, Norway, Murman coast, Vaigach Island,
Novaya Zemlya and islands adjacent to the coast of northern Siberia east
to Chaun Bay.! Winters from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the ice-free
waters of western Europe, south to New Jersey, the Azores, Canary
Islands, western coast of Africa, the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

. Rissa tridactyla pollicaris Ridgway

Rissa tridactyla pollicaris ‘‘ Stejneger”’ Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and
Ridgway, Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 202. (Kotzebue Sound,
Alaska.) New name for Rissa brachyrhynchus Bruch, 1853, not of
Richardson, 1831,and Rissa kotzbui Bonaparte, 1856, not of 1854.

Breeds on Wrangel and Herald Islands, north coast of eastern Siberia

west to Koliuchin Bay, Bering Sea coasts south to the Aleutian Islands,
and on the Commander Islands, Kurile Islands and Kamchatka. Winters
south to Japan and from southeastern Alaska to northern Lower California.

1 Pleske includes Wrangel and Herald Islands and the north coast of the
Chukchi Peninsula in the range of R. t. tridactyla.

326 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Rissa brevirostris (Bruch)
Larus (Rissa) brevirostris ‘Brandt’ Bruch, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853,
p. 103. (Northwestern North America.)
Breeds on Pribilov, Near, and Commander Islands. Winters on the
adjoining seas.

GrENuS CREAGRUS Bonaparte

Creagrus Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, p. 213. Type, by monotypy,
Larus furcatus Néboux.
cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 83; 325-327, figs.
373-378.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 658-662.

Creagrus furcatus (Néboux)

Larus furcatus Néboux, Voy. ‘Venus,’ Atlas, Zool., 1842, Ois., pl. 10.
(Monterey Bay, California, error = Galapagos Archipelago.)

Resident on the Galapagos Archipelago.

Genus XEMA LeEacu

Xema Leach, in Ross’ Voy. Disc., 1819, app. 2, p. lvii. Type, by mono-
typy, Larus sabini J. Sabine.
cf. Dwight, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 52, 1925, p. 83-84; 327-330,
figs. 379-384.
Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1717-1718.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 662-668.

Xema sabini (J. Sabine)

Larus Sabini J. Sabine, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 12, pt. 2, 1819,
p. 522, pl. 29. (Sabine Islands, near Melville Bay, west coast of
Greenland.)?

Breeds on Spitsbergen, the Taimyr Peninsula and the New Siberian
Islands, west coast of Alaska from Norton Sound to the Kuskokwim
River, northern Mackenzie, Victoria Island, Ellesmere Island, Baffin
Island, Southampton Island and northern Greenland. Migrates off the
Pacific coast of America and winters on the coast of Peru. Many instances
of casual or accidental occurrence in the interior of the United States and
on both American and European shores of the North Atlantic Ocean.

1 Described in Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 290, as “‘ Mouette 4 queue fourchue.”’

2 In the second edition of Ross’ ‘Voyage’ (2, 1819, p. 164 and 165), Leach
refers to a Larus collaris named by Schreiber in the ‘‘ Vienna Cabinet,” that
he considers an earlier name for Larus sabini. I have not been able to trace the
original of this reference to Schreiber.

FAMILY LARIDAE 327

SuBFAMILY STERNINAE
Genus CHLIDONIAS RarinesqQueE !

Chlidonias Rafinesque, Kentucky Gazette, n.s., 1, no. 8, 21 Feb., 1822,
p. 3, col. 5. Type, by monotypy, Sterna melanops Rafinesque =
Sterna surinamensis Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1682-1689.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 310-324.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 526-540.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 110-114; 8,
1930, p. 499-500.

~~~ Chlidonias hybrida hybrida (Pallas)
Sterna hybrida Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 338. (Southern
Volga and Sarpa Lake, southeastern Russia.)?

Breeds locally in southern Europe and southwestern Asia from the
Iberian Peninsula and southern France to southern Poland, southeastern
Russia, Transcaspia and Turkestan, south to Morocco, Algeria, Tunis,
northern Palestine and Iraq. Winters in the Sudan and tropical East
Africa; in West Africa South to Nigeria.

- Chlidonias hybrida swinhoei (Mathews)
Hydrochelidon leucopareia swinhei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 820. (Fuchow, Fokien, China.)
Tropical China, Indochina and Formosa.

~—— Chlidonias hybrida indica (Stephens)
Viralva Indica Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 169.
(Cawnpore, India.)
Persian Baluchistan and India.

~~~ ?Chlidonias hybrida leggei (Mathews)
Hydrochelidon leucopareia leggei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 320.
(Ceylon.)
Ceylon; very doubtfully distinct from javanica.

——- Chlidonias hybrida sclateri Mathews and Iredale

Hydrochelidon leucopareia delalanditi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 320. (South Africa, ez Bonaparte, nomen nudum.) Preoccupied
as a synonym of Sterna hybrida Pallas.

1 Replaces Hydrochelidon Boie, May, 1822, of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 It is now generally admitted that Pallas’ Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica was
published in 1811 not 1827 as was once supposed; thus once more Sterna
hybrida comes into use, replacing Sterna leucopareta Temminck, 1820. For
remarks on the dates of publication of Pallas’ Zoographia, see Cat. Libr. Brit.
Mus., p. 1505, and Sherborn, Index Anim., sect. 2, pt. 1, p. xcix.

328 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Chlidonias leucopareia sclateri Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr.,
1, 1921, p. 84. (New name for delalandii “‘which may be considered
invalid according to the Rules as now rendered.’’)

Resident in southern Africa north to Kenya Colony; Madagascar.

Chlidonias hybrida javanica (Horsfield)
Sterna Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821,
p. 198. (Java.)
Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Java, and Celebes; Philippine Island
birds may be referable here.

Chlidonias hybrida fluviatilis (Gould)
Hydrochelidon fluviatilis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843),
p. 140. (Interior of New South Wales.)
Hydrochelidon leucopareia rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 207. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.)
Moluccas, New Guinea and Australia.

Chlidonias leucoptera (Temminck)
Sterna leucoptera Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 483. (Coasts of the
Mediterranean.)
Hydrochelidon leucoptera belli Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55.
(Lord Howe Island!)

Breeds in southeastern Europe and central Asia from Hungary (formerly
from France, perhaps also in Algeria, Sicily and Italy) and Galicia, central
Russia, Siberia (north to lat. 55° N.), Transbaikalia and Amurland, south
to Turkestan and northern Mongolia. Winters in tropical and southern
Africa to the Orange River Colony and Damaraland; Persian Gulf, India,
Ceylon, Burma, southern China and the Malay Archipelago to Australia.

Chlidonias nigra nigra (Linné)

Sterna nigra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 137. (Europe, re-

stricted type locality, near Upsala, Sweden.)

Breeds in Europe and western Asia from southern Sweden, Russia
(north to about 60°), western Siberia east to Minussinsk, north to lat.
58° in Tobolsk and lat. 56° 30’ in Tomsk, south to southern Spain, north-
ern Italy, Bulgaria, Caspian Sea and Zaissan-nor. Winters in tropical
Africa south to the Loango coast and Tanganyika Territory.

Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (Gmelin)

Sterna surinamensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 604. (Suri-

nam, ex Latham.)

Breeds in North America from east-central Alaska, Great Slave Lake,
central Manitoba and Ontario, south to California, Nevada, Colorado,
Kansas, northern Missouri and Tennessee; breeds also on the lake shores
of northern Ohio, northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York.
Winters in South America from Surinam to Peru and Chile.

FAMILY LARIDAE 329

GrENus PHAETUSA Wacter

Phaetusa Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1224. Type, by monotypy,
Sterna magnirostris Lichtenstein = Sterna simplex Gmelin.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 541-544.
Wetmore, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 140-141.

“Phaetusa simplex simplex (Gmelin)
Sterna simplex Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 606. (Cayenne.)
Coasts and larger rivers of northern and eastern South America from

Colombia and the Guianas south to Amazonian Peru and eastern Brazil
at least to Pernambuco; recorded from western Ecuador.

Phaetusa simplex chloropoda (Vieillot)
Sterna chloropoda Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 171.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 412.)
Estuaries and larger rivers of southern South America from eastern
Bolivia, Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo (perhaps further north), south to
Cérdoba and northern Buenos Aires provinces.

GENus GELOCHELIDON C. L. Bream

Gelochelidon C. L. Brehm, Isis von Oken, 23, 1830, col. 994. Type, by
monotypy, Gelochelidon meridionalis C. L. Brehm = Sterna nilotica
Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1689-1691.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 325-331.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 478-484.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 116-118.

Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica (Gmelin)

Sterna nilotica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 606. (Egypt.)

Breeds locally in Europe and the western three-quarters of Asia from
Denmark, Baltic Sea, Middle Urals, Zaissan-nor and southern Mongolia
(perhaps north to Transbaikalia) south to the Iberian Peninsula, north-
western Africa, Asia Minor, Persia, India (east to the Ganges) and Ceylon.
Winters in northern and eastern tropical Africa, Persian Gulf, and India;
occasionally to the Sunda Islands.

?Gelochelidon nilotica affinis (Horsfield)
Sterna afinis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p.
199. (Java.)
Supposed to be a race inhabiting the islands of the Malay Archipelago;
range not worked out; doubtful form.

330 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Gelochelidon nilotica addenda Mathews
Gelochelidon nilotica addenda Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 331.
(China.)
Locally resident on the coast of China from Amoy to Fuchow; the birds
recorded from Indochina may be referable to this form.

Gelochelidon nilotica macrotarsa (Gould)

Sterna macrotarsa Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 2, 1837, pl. [37], f. 2.
(Tasmania.)

Gelochelidon nilotica normant Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125.
(Normanton, Queensland.)

Gelochelidon nilotica cloatesi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, 1924,
p. 41. (Point Cloates, West Australia.) New name for the bird
figured and described in Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 327, pl. 104.

Australia.

Gelochelidon nilotica aranea (Wilson)
Sterna aranea Wilson, Am. Orn., 8, 1814, p. 143, pl. 72, f. 6. (Cape
May, New Jersey.)

Breeds locally on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States from
Virginia (formerly New Jersey) to Georgia, and from Mississippi to Texas;
Bahamas; Cuba. Winters on the Gulf coast of Central America to Panama.
Other South American records may pertain either to aranea or grénvoldi.

~ Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi Bancroft
Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi Bancroft, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist., 5, 1929, p. 284. (Salton Sea, Imperial County, California.)
Breeds on Salton Sea, California, and probably on islands in the Gulf of
California. Winters on the west coast of Mexico, Central America and
South America to Ecuador.

Gelochelidon nilotica grénvoldi Mathews
Gelochelidon nilotica grénvoldi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 331.
(South America.)
Breeds on Mexiana Island and along the southeastern coast of Brazil.
Requires confirmation based on breeding birds.

GENus HYDROPROGNE Kavup

Hydroprogne Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 91.
Type, by subsequent designation, Sterna caspia Pallas = Sterna
ischegrava Lepechin. (G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, p. [658].)

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1691-1693.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 332-337.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 460-466.

FAMILY LARIDAE 331

.. Hydroprogne tschegrava tschegrava (Lepechin)
Sterna Tschegrava Lepechin, Novi Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropol., 14, pt. 1,
1770, p. 500, pl. 18.1. (Caspian Sea.)

Sterna tschegrava leptorhyncha Buturlin, Nascha Ochota, 1910, p. 54.
(Ussuri.)

Breeds very locally in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.? Princi-
pal colonies are: — Island of Sylt off the coast of Friesia (formerly),
islands in the Baltic Sea off Sweden and Finland, Sardinia, islands off
Tunis, the coast of the Adriatic Sea, coasts of the Black and Caspian Sea,
steppes of western Siberia (occurs in summer or on migration in Tar-
bagatai, northern Mongolia, Transbaikaha and Ussuriland), Transcaspia,
Mekran coast, islands in the Persian Gulf, Ceylon; West and South
Africa (Gambia River?; southern Nigeria, Cape Province); in North
America at Great Slave Lake, Klamath Lake, Great Salt Lake, central
Lower California, Lakes Winnipeg and Winnepegosis in Manitoba, Lakes
Michigan and Huron, north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, coast of
Virginia, South Carolina and the Gulf coast from Mississippi to Texas.
Winters south to Africa, India, Sunda Islands and both coasts of Mexico.

~ Hydroprogne tschegrava strenua (Gould)
Sylochelidon strenuus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 21.
(Southern coasts of Australia.)
Hydroprogne ischegrava york Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 125.
(Cape York, Queensland.)
Hydroprogne tschegrava oliveri Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 242.
(New Zealand.)
Breeds on islands off the western and southern coasts of Australia, islands
in Bass Strait and in New Zealand.

Genus STERNA Linne?

Sterna Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 137. Type, by tautonymy,
Sterna hirundo Linné (Sterna, prebinomial specific name in synonymy).

Gygisterna Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 365. Type, by original
designation, Sterna sumatrana kempi Mathews.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 249-254; 262-269.
Dabbene, Hornero, 1, 1918, p. 184-1385; 1387-139.

1 Lepechin’s names are rejected by some authors on the grounds that he
is not consistently binomial; these authors use Sterna caspza Pallas, t.c., p. 582,
for this bird.

2 There seem to be no constant differences of subspecific value on which
the North American bird may be distinguished from the Palaearctic race; the
former is recognized in the A.O.U. Check-List, ed. 4, as Hydroprogne caspia
imperator (Coues); the Australian form is barely distinguishable.

3 Includes Seena Blyth of Sharpe’s Hand-list, and excludes Sterna, species
14-20 incl., transferred to Thalasseus.

{

332 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1701-1715.

Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 356-403.

Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 237-238; 241-243; 244-251.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 485-526.

Saunders, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 37-75; 97-131.

Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 124-145; 8,
1930, p. 503-506.

Sterna aurantia J. E. Gray
Sterna aurantia J. EK. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Illustr. Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 5,
1831, pl. 69, f. 2. (India.)4
Larger rivers, estuaries and inland waters of India, Burma and the
Malay States east to the Mekong.

Sterna hirundinacea Lesson
Sterna hirundinacea ‘‘Cuv.”’ Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 621.
(Coasts of Brazil, 7.e. State of Santa Catharina.)

Breeds on both coasts of southern South America from the Province
of Arauco, Chile, and Patagonian coast of Argentina, south to Tierra del
Fuego; Falkland, South Shetland and South Orkney Islands. Winters
north to Chimbote Bay, Peru, and to coasts of Bahia, Brazil.

-Sterna hirundo hirundo Linné

Sterna Hirundo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 187. (Europe,

restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds in North America, Europe and western Asia from Great Slave
Lake, northern Manitoba, central Ontario, north shore of the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, British Isles, Norway, Finland, White Sea, lat. 69° 30’ N. in
the valley of the Ob and lat. 64° N. in the valley of the Yenessei, south
locally to the Gulf and southeastern Atlantic coasts, Florida Keys, Ba-
hamas, islands off the coast of Venezuela (breeding?), Azores, Madeira
and Canary Islands, northern Africa, Black and Caspian Seas, Persia
and Tarbagatai. Winters in Florida, on the west coast of Mexico, coast
of Ecuador, Caribbean coast and Atlantic coasts of northern and eastern
South America to Bahia, west coast of Africa, Mekran Coast and coasts of
western India.

Sterna hirundo tibetana Saunders
Sterna tibetana Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 649. (Tibet.)
Sterna hirundo turkestanensis Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 6, 1915, p. 226.
(Aral Sea to Fergana, Syr Daria, Zeravshan and Amu Daria.)
Breeds on the inland waters of Turkestan, Ladak and Tibet. Winters
in central and eastern India, Burma and the Malay States.

1 This name has priority over Sterna seena Blyth.

FAMILY LARIDAE 333

—— Sterna hirundo minussensis Sushkin
Sterna hirundo minussensis Sushkin, Bds. of the Russian Altai, etc.,
1925, p. 64. (Novoselovo on the Yenessei, Minussinsk district.)
Breeds in central Asia from the northeastern Altai and the Minussinsk
district through Transbaikalia east to the Ingoda River, south to north-
ern Mongolia.

Sterna hirundo longipennis Nordmann
Sterna longipennis Nordmann, in Erman’s Verz. Thier. Pflanz., 1835,
p. 17. (Mouth of the Kutchui River, Sea of Okhotsk.)
Breeds in northeastern Asia from Kamchatka to Ussuriland, the upper
Amur and Sakhalin. Migrates along the coasts of China and Japan and
winters to New Guinea, Louisiade and Solomon Islands.

Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan
Sterna Paradisaea Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1, 1763, p. 622. (No
type locality = Christiansoé, Denmark, ex Briinnich, Orn. Boreal.,
1764, p. 46.)!

Sterna macrura antistropha Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, Mar. 1904,
p. 47. (Coasts of the Antarctic Continent = Posadowsky Gulf, lat.
66° S., long. 91° W., ex Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 12,
Oct., 1904, p. 172.)

Breeds in Europe, Asia and North America and Arctic Islands to the
north, from Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land, New Siberian Islands, Arctic
coast of Alaska, Parry Islands, northern Ellesmere Island and northern
Greenland, south to the British Isles, Holland, coasts of the Baltic Sea,
northern Russia, mouth of the Ob, upper Yenessei, lat. 76° N. on the
Taimyr, Yakutsk on the Lena, Commander and Aleutian Islands, north-
ern British Columbia, lower Slave River, northern Manitoba, Massa-
chusetts, southern Greenland and Iceland. Winters in the Antarctic
Ocean south to lat. 74°S.

Sterna vittata vittata Gmelin
Sterna vittata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 609. (‘“Insula
Nativitatis Christi” = Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Island.)
Breeds on Ascension, St. Helena, Tristan da Cunha, Gough, St. Paul,
Amsterdam and Kerguelen Islands, ranging to the coasts of South Africa.

Sterna vittata georgiae Reichenow
Sterna vittata georgiae Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 47.
(South Georgia.)
Breeds on South Georgia and the South Orkneys, ranging to the east
coast of southern South America.

1 For use of Pontoppidan’s name for this species see Hartert, Vog. pal.
Fauna, Nachtr. 1, 1923, p. 85. For argument for employment of Sterna
macrura Naumann, see B. O. U. Comm., Ibis, 1923, p. 429.

334 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sterna vittata bethunei Buller
Sterna bethuner ‘‘ Travers”’ Buller, Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Inst.,
28, 1895 (1896), p. 348. (Bounty Islands.)
Sterna vittata bollonst Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 244. (Sub-
antarctic Islands of New Zealand.)
Breeds on the Bounty Islands, occurs and probably breeds on Snares,
Antipodes, Auckland, Campbell and Macquarie Islands.

Sterna virgata Cabanis
Sterna virgata Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 28, 1875, p. 449. (Kerguelen
Island.)
Breeds on Marion, Heard, and Kerguelen Islands and the Crozet
Islands.

Sterna forsteri Nuttall
Sterna Forsteri Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2, 1834, p. 274,
note. (Banks of the Saskatchewan between Cumberland House and
Lake Winnipeg, ex Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am., 2,
1831, p. 412.)

Breeds in the interior of North America from Washington, central
Alberta, central Manitoba and western Ontario (formerly), south to the
interior valleys of California, Great Salt Lake, central Colorado, northern
Nebraska, Minnesota and northeastern Illinois; also on the coasts of
Virginia, Louisiana and Texas. Winters from southern California, the
Gulf coast and South Carolina to Guatemala.

Sterna trudeaui Audubon
Sterna Trudeaui Audubon, Bds. Am. (folio ed.), 4, 1838, pl. 409, f. 2.
(Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey!)

Breeds on St. Ambrose Island off the coast of Chile and on the coast of
Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Occurs also on the Chilean coast
from Arica to Valdivia and on the east coast of South America from Rio
de Janeiro to the Straits of Magellan.

Sterna dougallii dougallii Montagu

Sterna Dougallii Montagu, Orn. Dict. Suppl., 1813, not paged; text
under Tern, roseate; pl. (Cumbrey Islands, Firth of Clyde, Scotland.)

Breeds on the west and east coasts of the North Atlantic from Sable
Island to Long Island, in Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, British Hon-
duras, the Lesser Antilles and Aruba Island; in the British Isles, islands off
Jutland, coast of Brittany and coast of Tunisia; perhaps formerly on
Madeira and the Azores. Winters from Louisiana and the Bahamas to
Brazil, and to Madeira, the Azores and South Africa.

1 Vaughn, Ibis, 1930, p. 9, records S. d. dougallii (so identified provisionally)
as breeding on islets off Pemba and Zanzibar Islands, East Africa.

FAMILY LARIDAE 335

Sterna dougallii korustes (Hume)
Sternula korustes Hume, Stray Feath., 2, 1874, p. 318. (Andaman
Islands.)

Breeds in Ceylon, Andamans and islands of the Mergui Archipelago.

?Sterna dougallii arideensis Mathews
Sterna dougalli arideensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 364. (Aride
Island, Seychelles.)

Seychelles and perhaps other islands in the Mascarene group, ranging
to the east coast of Africa. Doubtfully distinct from S. d. bangsi.1

Sterna dougallii bangsi Mathews
Sterna dougallit bangsi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 364. (Foochow,
China.)

Isolated colonies, the birds of which are all referred to this race, are
known as follows: — island near Foochow, China; Ishigaki Island, Amami-
Oshima and Tonbaru Rocks in the Riu Kiu Islands; Culion, Philippine
Islands; island in Straits of Malacca; Tayandu, Kei Islands; D’Entre-
casteaux Islands; Solomon Islands and New Caledonia.

Sterna dougallii gracilis Gould
Sterna gracilis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 76. (Hout-
man’s Abrolhos, West Australia.)
Sterna striata christophert Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 209. (Point
Cloates, West Australia.)
Breeds on islands off the western and northern coasts of Australia and
on the east coast south to Moreton Bay.

Sterna striata incerta Mathews
Sterna striata incerta Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 208. (Hastern
Australia.) New name for Sterna melanorhyncha Gould.?
Sterna striata yorkt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 86. (Cape
York, Australia.)
Breeds on Tasmania and probably on islands in Bass Strait, ranging to
the coasts of southeastern Australia.

’ Sterna striata striata Gmelin
Sterna striata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 609. (New Zealand.)

New Zealand: North and South Islands, Great Barrier, Kapiti and
Stewart Islands.

1 See Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 17-18.
® Gould’s name is rendered invalid by reason of the prior Sternula melan-
orhyncha Lesson = Sterna antillarum (Lesson).

336 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Sterna striata aucklandorna Mathews

Sterna bethunet Buller, Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Inst., 28, 1895
(1896), p. 349. (Auckland Islands.) Not Sterna bethunei Buller, Id.,
p. 348!
Sterna striata aucklandorna Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1929,
p. 19. New name for Sterna bethunei Buller, preoccupied.
Auckland Islands, Chatham Islands, Snares and Campbell Islands;
Macquarie Islands(?).

Sterna repressa Hartert

Sterna repressa Hartert, Nov. Zool., 23, 1916, p. 298. (Fao, Persian
Gulf.) New name for Sterna albigena of authors, not Reichenbach.

Southern parts of the Red Sea, coasts of Somaliland and Kenya Colony,
Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf to the Malabar coast and the Laccadive
Islands.

Sterna sumatrana sumatrana Raffles

_ Sterna Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 2, 1822,
p. 329. (Sumatra.)?

Sterna sumatrana Kempi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 210. (Torres
2 Straits.)

Breeds on small islands in the Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans and
adjacent seas from the Andamans, southeastern China, Riu Kiu, Caroline,
Gilbert and Phoenix Islands, south to the Sunda Islands, northern Aus-
tralia, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands.

Sterna sumatrana mathewsi Stresemann

Sterna sumatrana mathewsi Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 60.
(Aldabra Islands, type from Ile Piquart.)

Sterna melanauchen provida Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 98,
1917, p. 16. (Providence Bank, 300 miles southwest of the Sey-
chelles.)

Islands of the western Indian Ocean from the Seychelles, Amirante and
Aldabra Islands east to the Chagos Islands.

. Sterna melanogaster Temminck

Sterna melanogaster Temminck, PI. col., livr. 72, 1827, pl. 434. (Islands
of Ceylon and Java (error) aol the bonet of ‘taka. )

Rivers of India, Burma and western Indochina.

1 Sterna bethunei Buller, antea, p. 348, is a manuscript name of H. Travers
for a supposedly new Tern from the Bounty Islands; as the name was pub-
lished with a description it is valid, and being earlier than Sterna vittata bollonst
Mathews and Iredale, and applying to the same bird, must replace it. Its in-
troduction on p. 348 of course precludes the use of the same name for another
species as was done on p. 349.

2 Replaces Sterna melanauchen Temminck.

FAMILY LARIDAE 337

«Sterna aleutica Baird
Sterna aleutica Baird, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1, pt. 2, 1869, p. 321,
pl. 31, f. 1. (Kodiak Island, Alaska.)
Breeds on Sakhalin and on two small islands in Norton Sound, Alaska;
ranges to the Alaskan mainland and eastern Siberia. Winters on the west
coast of the North Pacific Ocean to Sakhalin and Hokkaido.

Sterna lunata Peale
Sterna lunata Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 277. (Vincennes
Island, Paumotu Group.)
Breeds throughout Oceania from the Hawaiian Islands to the Fiji and
Tuamotu Groups, ranging to the Moluccas.

~—- Sterna anaethetus anaethetus Scopoli
Sterna Anaethetus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786,
p. 92. (“In Guinea”? = Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)
Melanosterna anethetus rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915,
p. 126. (Admiralty Gulf, North-West Australia.)
Breeds locally on islands in the China Sea from Formosa to Malacca
and eastward through the Sunda Islands to New Guinea and Australia.
Ranges to Ceylon, Mergui Archipelago and Japan.

~~~ Sterna anaethetus fuligula Lichtenstein
Sterna fuligula Lichtenstein, in Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Lichtenstein,
1844, p. 276, note. (Red Sea.)
Breeds on islands in the southern half of the Red Sea, northern Somali
coast, Mekran coast and Persian Gulf. Ranges southward to Mozambique
and east to western India.

Sterna anaethetus antarctica Lesson
Sterna antarctica Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 621. (Mauritius
and Calcutta.)
Breeds on the Seychelles, Mauritius, Laccadive and Maldive Islands
and on Vingorla Rocks off the west coast of India.

—— Sterna anaethetus melanoptera Swainson
Sterna melanoptera Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 249. (West
Africa.)
Melanosterna anzxthetus recognita Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 403.
(Bahama Islands.)!
Breeds in the Bahama Islands, West Indies, Saddle Cay off the coast
of British Honduras, and Aruba Island. Breeding place on coast of West
Africa unknown, probably on islands in the Gulf of Guinea.

1 The differences between melanoptera and recognita (if any) have never
been pointed out, since no one has ever had material for comparison from
both the West Indies and western Africa.

338 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sterna anaethetus nelsoni Ridgway
Sterna anzxtheta nelsoni Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8,
1919, p. 487 (in key), p. 514. (Sihuatanejo, Guerrero, Mexico.)
West coast of Mexico and Central America; breeding place unknown.

Sterna fuscata ! fuscata Linné

Sterna fuscata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 228. (Santo Do-

mingo.)

Breeds from Texas (formerly), Dry Tortugas and the Bahamas, south
through the West Indies and islands off the east coast of Central America
to Venezuela; also islands in the Gulf of Guinea (probably), Ascension
Island and St. Helena; ranges to the east coast of North America and
west coast of Africa.

Sterna fuscata crissalis (Lawrence)

Haliplana fuliginosa var. crissalis “Baird MS.” Lawrence, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 14, 1871 (1872), p. 285. (Tres Marias Islands, breed-
ing on Isabel Island, near San Blas. Type from Socorro Island,
Revillagigedo Group, Mexico.)

Breeds on Isabel Island, the Revillagigedo Group, Clipperton Island

and the Galdpagos Archipelago; ranges to the west coast of America
from Lower California to Panama and probably further south.

Sterna fuscata oahuensis Bloxham
Sterna Oahuensis Bloxham, Voy. ‘Blonde,’ 1826, p. 251. (Oahu, Ha-
walian Islands.)
Breeds in Oceania from the Hawaiian, Marcus and Bonin Islands,
southward.

?Sterna fuscata kermadeci (Mathews)

Onychoprion fuscatus kermadect Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55.
(Kermadec Islands; but in Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 142,
Mathews gives Sydney as the correct type locality of this bird!)

Kermadec Islands.

Sterna fuscata serrata Wagler

Sterna serrata Wagler, Natursyst. Amphib., 1830, p. 89, note. (New
Caledonia.)

Onychoprion fuscatus glauerti Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1922,
p. 14. (New name for the bird from West Australia figured by Gould,
Bds. Austr., pt. 28, 1847, as Sterna gould: Reichenbach.)

Coasts of Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia.

1 This species is badly in need of revision; the arrangement adopted here is
purely tentative.

FAMILY LARIDAE 339

~~ Sterna fuscata nubilosa Sparrman !

Sterna nubilosa Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fase. 3, 1788, no. 63. (Finland,
error = ‘India Orientalis ” according to Sundevall.)

Islands in the Indian Ocean (Mascarene, Seychelles, Laccadive, Maldive
and Andaman), China Sea, Sulu Sea; Riu Kiu Islands.

~—~Sterna nereis horni Mathews

Sterna nereis horni Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 209. (Kalgan
River, West Australia.)

Coasts of West Australia.

Sterna nereis nereis (Gould)

Sternula nerets Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 140.
(Bass Strait.)

Coasts of South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.

Sterna nereis davisae (Mathews and Iredale)

Sternula nereis davise Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 245. (New
Zealand.)

North and South Islands, New Zealand.

Sterna nereis exsul (Mathews)

Sternula nereis exsul Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 385. (New
Caledonia.)

New Caledonia.

-Sterna albistriata (G. R. Gray)?

Hydrochelidon albistriata G. R. Gray, Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds.,
1845, p. 19, pl. 21. (New Zealand.)

New Zealand.

Sterna superciliaris Vieillot
Sterna superciliaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 176.
(Paraguay, ex Azara, no. 415.)
Rivers of South America east of the Andes, from Colombia, Venezuela
and the Guianas to Paraguay, eastern Argentina (Entre Rios) and
Uruguay.

Sterna balaenarum (Strickland)

Sternula balenarum Strickland, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 160.
(Damaraland.)

Coasts of West Africa from the Loango coast to Cape Province.
1 Replaces Sterna infuscata Lichtenstein.

2 It is quite probable that Mathews correctly refers this species to the genus
Chlidonias.

340 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sterna lorata Philippi and Landbeck
Sterna lorata Philippi and Landbeck, Anal. Univ. Chile, 19, 1861, p. 612.
(Arica Bay, Tacna, Chile.)

Breeds on the coast of Peru; recorded north to Santa Clara Island,
Ecuador, and south to Arica Bay, Chile.

Sterna albifrons albifrons Pallas
Sterna albifrons Pallas, in Vroeg’s Cat., 1764, Adumbr., p. 6. (Holland.)
Breeds in Europe and western Asia from the British Isles, southern
Sweden, Baltic Sea provinces of Russia, east to Tobolsk (according to
Hartert, but not listed by Grote, Aus Orn. Lit. Russl., no. 3, p. 43), south
to the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and Tarbagatai. Winters
south to the Somali coast of Africa and to northwestern India.

Sterna albifrons guineae Bannerman
Sterna albifrons guinee Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1931, p. 70.
(Loko, Benue River, Nigeria.)

Coasts and rivers of western Africa from the Gold Coast to northern
Nigeria and south to Gaboon.

?Sterna albifrons innominata Zarudny and Loudon
Sterna minuta innominata Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 10,
1902, p. 150. (Bampur and Espossafar, Persian Baluchistan.)
Sterna albifrons pretermissa Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49,
1928, p. 39. (Buna Island, Persian Gulf.)

Mesopotamia, islands in the Persian Gulf and marshes of the northern
Mekran coast. Doubtfully distinct from S. a. albifrons.

Sterna albifrons saundersi Hume
Sterna Saundersi Hume, Str. Feath., 5, 1877, p. 324, note, 325. (Ka-
rachi, Sind.)

Southern coasts of the Red Sea, the Somali coast of Africa, southern
coasts of the Persian Gulf to Sind.

Sterna albifrons pusilla Temminck

Sterna Pusilla Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 4, 1840 (1839), p. 464.
(Sunda Islands and the Moluccas to New Guinea = Java.)

Rivers of northern India and Burma, Java, Sumatra.

Sterna albifrons sinensis Gmelin
Sterna sinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 608. (China, ex
Latham.)
Korea and Japan south along the coast of eastern China and Indo-
china, and eastward through the Philippines, Celebes and Lesser Sunda
Islands to the Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea.

FAMILY LARIDAE 341

_... ?Sterna albifrons placens (Gould)
Sternula placens Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871, p. 192.
(Torres Straits.)
Sterna sinensis tormenti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 210. (Point
Torment, North-West Australia.)
Australia. Very doubtfully distinct from sinensis.

-Sterna albifrons antillarum (Lesson)

Sternula antillarum Lesson, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, 20, 1847, p. 256.
(Guadeloupe, West Indies.)

Breeds on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America from Massa-
chusetts to Florida and Texas, also on islands in the Missouri and Missis-
sippi river systems north to South Dakota and west to Nebraska and
Kansas; Bahama Islands, West Indies, coasts of British Honduras and
Venezuela. Winters from the Gulf coast along the eastern coast of Cen-
tral and South America to northeastern Brazil.

- Sterna albifrons browni Mearns
Sterna antillarum browni Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1916,
p. 71. (Near Monument no. 258, boundary between United States
and Mexico, south of San Diego, California.)
Breeds on the Pacific coast of America from central California to south-
ern Mexico. Winters southward to Peru.

GrENus THALASSEUS Bote

Thalasseus Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, Bd. 1, col. 563. Type, by subse-
quent designation, ‘“‘Th. cantiacus” = Sterna cantiaca Gmelin =
Sterna sandvicensis Latham (Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1225).

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1695-1700 (Sterna, part).
Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 49, 1925, p. 515-526 (bergii and
races).
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 466-478.

~Thalasseus bergii! bergii (Lichtenstein)
Sterna Bergii Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 80. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Coasts of southern Africa north to Walvis Bay on the west and Portu-
guese East Africa (perhaps farther) on the east; Madagascar.

1 The forms of this species here recognized are the same as those adopted
by Hartert, antea, p. 1695-1696, and Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 57-
59. There is much individual variation in both size and color which has led
to the recognition of eleven different races by some authors.

342 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Thalasseus bergii thalassinus (Stresemann)

Sterna bergit thalassina Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 57. (Goilon,
Rodriguez Island.)
Seychelles and Aldabra Islands and Rodriguez Island; probably other
islands in the western Indian Ocean.

Thalasseus bergii velox (Cretzschmar)
Sterna Velox Cretzschmar, in Riippell’s Atlas, Vogel, 1826 (1827),
p. 21, pl. 13. (Red Sea Coasts.)
Thalasseus bergit bakeri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 346. (Mek-
ran Coast.)
Thalasseus bergii edwardsi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 347.
(Ceylon.)
Coasts of northeastern Africa and southern Asia from the Red Sea to
Tenasserim; Laccadive Islands, Ceylon and Mergui Archipelago.

Thalasseus bergii cristatus (Stephens)

Sterna cristata Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 146.
(China and many of the southeastern islands of Asia; restricted type
locality, China.)

Sterna bernsteini Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, 1863, Sternae, p. 9.
(Kaou, eastern coast of Halmahera.)

Sterna bergit boreotis Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., 36, 1901, p. 256.
(Ishigaki Island, Riu Kiu Islands.)

Thalasseus bergii halodramus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 49,
1915, p. 518 (in key), p. 522. (Pata Island, near Sulu Islands, south-
ern Philippine Islands.)

From the Malay Peninsula east to the Marquesas and Paumotu Islands,
north to the coast of southeastern China, the Riu Kiu Islands, Bonin,
Caroline, Marshall, and Phoenix Islands, south to Sumatra, Java, the
Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, New Guinea, Cape York (and south on
the east coast of Australia to Tasmania), New Caledonia, Tonga and
Society Islands.

—Thalasseus bergii gwendolenae (Mathews)

Sterna bergit gwendolenae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 208. (Rock-
ingham, West Australia.)

Coasts of western and northwestern Australia.

Thalasseus maximus maximus (Boddaert)

Sterna maxima Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 58. (Cayenne, ex
Daubenton, pl. 988.)

Breeds in North America on the Pacific coast of Mexico and Lower
California, and on the Gulf and southeastern Atlantic coasts from Texas
to Virginia; Bahamas; West Indies. Winters from California to Peru on
the west, and from the Gulf coast, Florida and the Bahamas on the east,
south to Argentina.

FAMILY LARIDAE 343

Thalasseus maximus albididorsalis (Hartert)
Sterna maxima albididorsalis } Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1921, p. 1698.
(Baie du Lévrier, Cape Blanco, Morocco.)
Occurs on the coast of West Africa from the Straits of Gibraltar to
Benguella; no breeding place is known.

~~Thalasseus bengalensis par (Mathews and Iredale)

Thalasseus bengalensis arabicus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2 1912, p. 355.
(Red Sea.)

Pelecanopus bengalensis par Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr.,
1, 1921, p. 94. New name for arabicus, preoccupied as a synonym of
Sterna bengalensis Lesson.

Southern parts of the Mediterranean Sea from the Straits of Gibraltar

to Syria, Red Sea and down the east coast of Africa to Madagascar.

~~ Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis (Lesson)?
Sterna bengalensis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 621. (Coasts
of India.)
Coasts of southern Asia from the Persian Gulf to the Straits of Malacca;
Sumatra, Java and Celebes.

?Thalasseus bengalensis torresii Gould
Thalasseus Torresii Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843),
p. 140. (Port Essington.)
Thalasseus bengalensis robint Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55.
(Cape York, Queensland.)
Aru Islands, Yule Island, northern Australia south to Northwest Cape
on the west and Oyster Bay on the east. Doubtfully distinct from the
typical form.

~-. Thalasseus zimmermanni (Reichenow)
Sterna zimmermanni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 82.
(Kiauchow, Shantung, China.)

Coast of eastern China from Shantung to Fokien.?

———Thalasseus eurygnatha (Saunders)
Sterna eurygnatha Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 654, f. 1.
(Santa Catharina, Brazil.)

1 “Hmended” to albidorsalis by some authors.

2 Replaces Sterna media Horsfield, preoccupied.

3 In my opinion zimmermanni is not a form of bengalensis but a distinct
species; in addition to the color differences the bill is much stouter with a
more pronounced gonydeal angle and with a broad black tip. There is a
specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy without data, but sent from
the Philippines by Governor-General Forbes; it is an adult in winter plumage.
Perhaps this tern is only a summer resident on the China coast, wintering in the
Philippines.

344 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Coast of eastern South America from Colombia and Venezuela (in-
cluding islands of Aruba, Margarita, Trinidad and Tobago) to Argentina
(coast of Chubut).

Thalasseus elegans (Gambel)

Sterna elegans Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848 (1849),
p. 129. (Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.)

Breeds in Lower California and on islands in the Gulf of California;
ranges north to San Francisco. Winters off the west coast of South America
from Callao Bay to Valdivia.

Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis (Latham)
Sterna sandvicensis Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. 1, 1787, p. 296. (Sand-
wich, Kent, England, based on the Sandwich Tern, Gen. Syn., 5,
p. 356.)

Breeds in the British Isles and on the North Sea, Atlantic and Medi-
terranean coasts of Europe; Black Sea; Caspian Sea. Winters on the
coasts of northern Africa, and western Africa to Cape of Good Hope; Red
Sea, Persian Gulf, and Mekran coast to northwestern India.

Thalasseus sandvicensis acuflavidus (Cabot)

Sterna acuflavida Cabot, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 2, 1847 (1848),
p. 257. (Tancah, Yucatan.)

Breeds from the southern Atlantic and Gulf States to British Honduras,
Bahama Islands and the West Indies. Winters from the Gulf coast,
Florida and the Bahamas to Colombia and Brazil; also on the Pacific
coast of Oaxaca and Guatemala.

Genus LAROSTERNA Btyrtu !

Larosterna Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc., 1849 (1852), p. 293. Type,
by monotypy, Sterna inca Lesson.”

cf. Saunders, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 132.
Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 37 (note on generic name).

Larosterna inca (Lesson)

Sterna Inca Lesson, Voy. de la ‘Coquille,’ Zool., Atlas, livr. 3, 1827,
pl. 47 (Lima, Peru.)

Coasts of Peru and Chile south to Coquimbo, breeding on islands off
the Peruvian coast.

1 Replaces Naenia Boie of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

2 Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 77, claims that Noddi Desmurs,
in Gay’s Hist. Fis. y Pol. Chile, is the correct generic name for this bird, but
the name was first introduced by Berthold in Latreille’s Nat. Fam. Thier.,
1827, p. 85, with Sterna stolida as monotypic type; Noddi is therefore a synonym
of Anoiis Stephens.

FAMILY LARIDAE 345

GENUS PROCELSTERNA LaFrREsNAYE !

Procelsterna Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 1842, Ois., pl. 29, p. 1. Type, by
monotypy, Procelsterna tereticollis Lafresnaye = Sterna teretwrostris
Lafresnaye.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 425-431.

Procelsterna cerulea saxatilis W. K. Fisher
Procelsterna saxatilis W. K. Fisher, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 26, 1903,
p. 559. (Necker Island, Hawaiian Islands.)
Marcus Island and the western Hawaiian Islands.

Procelsterna cerulea cerulea (F. D. Bennett)
Sterna Cerulea F. D. Bennett, Narr. Whaling Voy., 2, 1840, p. 248.
(Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.)
Christmas Island and Marquesas Islands.

Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi Mathews
Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 431.
(Ellice Group.)
Phoenix, Ellice and Samoa Islands.

Procelsterna cerulea teretirostris (Lafresnaye)
Sterna teretirostris Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 242. (No locality;
Paumotu Group designated as type ‘locality by Mathews, Bds.
Austr., 2, p. 430.)

Paumotu and Society Islands.

~ —~Procelsterna cerulea albivitta Bonaparte

Procelsterna albivitta Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42,
1856, p. 773. New name for Anois cinereus Gould (Lord Howe
Island), not Sterna cinerea Haldeman which is Sterna cerulea Bennett.

Procelsterna cerulea kermadeci Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 55.
(Kermadec Islands.)

Friendly and Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island.

Procelsterna cerulea skottsbergii Lonnberg

Procelsterna caerulea skottsbergii Lonnberg, in Skottsberg’s Nat. Hist.
Juan Fernandez and Easter Ids., 3, pt. 1, 1921, p. 20. (Easter Island.)
Easter Island (and Henderson Island?).

a= Procelsterna cerulea imitatrix Mathews

Procelsterna cerulea imitatrix Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 431.
(St. Ambrose Island.)

St. Ambrose Island, off Chile.

1 The forms of this monotypic genus are badly in need of revision by some
one with ample material; the arrangement adopted here is entirely provisional.

346 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus ANOUS SrepHens !

Anoiis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 139. Type,
by subsequent designation, Anois niger Stephens = Sterna stolida
Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 79.)

Anousella Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 412. Type, by original
designation, Anous minutus Boie.

cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 404-424.

Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, 1919, p. 544-557.

Anoiis stolidus stolidus (Linné)

Sterna stolida Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 137. (‘‘Americae

pelago’’ = West Indies.)

Breeds on small tropical islands in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea
and Atlantic Ocean from the Florida Keys, Bahamas and the West Indies
to British Honduras; Margarita Island; South Trinidad Island, Ascension
Island, St. Helena Island, extending below the tropics to Tristan da
Cunha and Inaccessible Islands; breeds also on islets in the Gulf of
Guinea.

Anoiis stolidus plumbeigularis Sharpe
Anous plumbeigularis Sharpe, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 168,
1879, p. 468. (Red Sea.)
Southern half of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.

Anoiis stolidus pileatus (Scopoli)
Sterna pileata Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 92.
(No locality = Philippines, ex Sonnerat.)

Anous pullus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 36, 1901, p. 258. (Small

rocky island near Iriomote, Riu Kiu Islands.)

Anous stolidus gilberti Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 405, pl. 115.

(Bedout Island, West Australia.)
Anous stolidus antelius Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1918, p. 159.
(Cooktown, Queensland.)?

Breeds on tropical islands in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans
from the Seychelles and Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and the
Tuamotu Group, north to the Riu Kiu and Bonin Islands, and south to
northern Australia, Norfolk Island and the Tuamotu Group.

Anoiis stolidus ridgwayi Anthony
Anous stolidus ridgwayi Anthony, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 36. (Socorro
Island, Revillagigedo Islands.)
Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico and Central America
from the Tres Marias Islands to Cocos Island.

1 Includes Micranous Saunders [= Megalopterus Boie] of Sharpe’s Hand-
list.

2 Anous rousseaui Hartlaub and Sterna unicolor Nordmann also appear to
be synonyms.

FAMILY LARIDAE 347

Anoiis stolidus galapagensis Sharpe

Anous galapagensis Sharpe, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 168,
1879, p. 469. (Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archi-

pelago.)
Galdpagos Archipelago.

Anoiis tenuirostris tenuirostris (Temminck)

Sterna tenuirostris Temminck, PI. col., livr. 34, 18238, pl. 202. (Senegal,
error = Seychelles, substituted by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 210.)

Breeds on the Seychelles; ranges to the Chagos Archipelago, Mascarene
Islands and Madagascar.

Anoiis tenuirostris melanops Gould

Anous melanops Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 (1846), p. 103.
(Houtman’s Abrolhos, West Australia.)

Breeds only on Houtman’s Abrolhos off Geraldton, South-West Aus-
tralia.

— Anotis minutus minutus Boie

Anous minutus Boie, Isis, 1844, col. 188. (New Holland = Raine
Island, Australia, apud Mathews.)

Megalopterus minutus kermadect Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916,
p. 55. (Kermadec Island. New name for the bird figured and -de-
scribed in Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 417, pl. 117, which however came
from Mackay, Queensland! [p. 420].)

Islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean from the coasts of New Guinea and
Queensland to the Tuamotu Group.

Anoiis minutus worcesteri (McGregor)

Micranous worcesteri McGregor, Phil. Journ. Sci., 6, sect. D., 1911,
p. 183. (Cavilli Island, Sulu Sea.)

Only known breeding place is Cavilli Island.

~—Anoiis minutus marcusi (Bryan)

Micranous marcusi Bryan, Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., 2, 1903, p. 101.
(Marcus Island.)

Islands in the tropical western Pacific Ocean from Marcus and Wake
Islands to the Caroline Islands.

~~ Anoiis minutus melanogenys G. R. Gray

Anous melanogenys G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1846, col. pl. 182. (No
locality, but figure agrees with the Hawaiian form.)

Hawaiian Islands.

348 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Anoiis minutus diamesus (Heller and Snodgrass)
Micranous diamesus Heller and Snodgrass, Condor, 3, 1901, p. 76.
(Cocos Island.)

Breeds on Clipperton and Cocos Islands off the Pacific coast of Central
America.

Anoiis minutus americanus (Mathews)
Megalopterus minutus americanus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 423.
(Caribbean Sea, British Honduras.)
Breeds on islands off the coast of British Honduras.

Anoiis minutus atlanticus (Mathews)
Megalopterus minutus atlanticus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 423.
(Ascension Island.)
Islands in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean from St. Paul’s Rocks and
Fernando Noronha to St. Helena; also Inaccessible Island.

GEeNnus GYGIS WaAGLER

Gygis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1223. Type, by monotypy,
Sterna candida Gmelin.

Leucanous Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 482. Type, by original
designation, Gygis microrhyncha Saunders.

Alphagygis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 110. New name for
Gygis Wagner (sic) [7.e. Wagler], not Gyges Bory de St. Vincent, 1825.

cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 18-20.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 482-443.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 557-561.

Gygis alba alba (Sparrman)

Sterna alba Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 1, 1786, no. 11. (Kast Indies,
Cape of Good Hope and Islands of the Pacific Ocean = Ascension
Island, designated by Mathews, antea, p. 441.)

Gygis crawfordi Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 102. (South
Trinidad Island.)

Breeds on Fernando Noronha, South Trinidad, Ascension and St.

Helena Islands, South Atlantic Ocean.

Gygis alba monte Mathews
Gygis alba monte Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 448. (Seychelles.)

Breeds on the Seychelles; occurs on some of the other Mascarene
Islands and in the Chagos Archipelago.

Gygis alba royana Mathews

Gygis alba royana Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 443, pl. 119. (Ker-
madec Islands.)

Norfolk Island, Kermadec Islands.

FAMILY LARIDAE 349

~~ Gygis alba candida (Gmelin)
Sterna candida Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 607. (Christmas
Island, Pacific Ocean.) !
Islands of the southwestern Pacific Ocean from the Carolines east to
Christmas Island and south to the Tonga and Society Islands.?

~~ Gygis alba rothschildi Hartert

Gygis alba rothschildi Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 18. (Laysan
Island.)

Laysan, Lisiansky and Krusenstern Islands.

Gygis alba microrhyncha Saunders

Gygis microrhyncha Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 668,
fig. 5. (Marquesas Islands.)

Marquesas Islands.

Famity RYNCHOPIDAE
Genus RYNCHOPS Linné

Rynchops Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 138. Type, by mono-
typy, Rynchops nigra Linné.

cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 2, 1931, p. 280-284.
Dabbene, Hornero, 1, 1919, p. 213-215.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 450-457.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 150-151.

~- Rynchops nigra nigra Linné
Rynchops nigra Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 138. (America =
coast of South Carolina, ex Catesby.)
Breeds on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States from New

Jersey to Florida and Texas. Winters from the Gulf coast to northern 3
South America.

Rynchops nigra intermedia Rendahl

Rynchops melanura intermedia Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, no. 8, 1919, p. 12.
(Harbor Head, Rio San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua.)

1 Replaces Gygis kitilitzi Hartert.

2 Birds from the Revillagigedo Islands, Clipperton Island, Cocos Island
and the Galapagos Archipelago are referred to candida by Ridgway; Gygis
alba is also known from Henderson Island, Ducie Island, and Easter Island:
birds from the latter are referred to royana by Loénnberg. Hartert believed
that the birds occurring on the coasts of the southern Japanese Islands which
he thought will be found to breed on the Bonin Islands or Marcus Island be-
long to an undescribed race. It is obvious that the last word on the Pacific
races of Gygis has not yet been said.

3 Records from eastern South America prove to be erroneous.

350 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to the Straits of Magellan.
Accidental (?) on the Caribbean coast of Central America (Cozumel
Island off Yucatan, and San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua).!

Rynchops nigra cinerascens Spix
Rhynchops cinerascens Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 80, pl. 102. (Amazon
River, Brazil.)

Coasts and rivers of northern and eastern South America from Colombia
(Rio Magdalena), Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, south to Ama-
zonian Peru, and the Amazon River to its mouth; perhaps along the coast
to Pernambuco.

Rynchops nigra intercedens Saunders
Rhynchops intercedens Saunders, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 26.
(Coast of southern Brazil and Argentina, the Parana and Paraguay
Rivers; type from Sao Paulo, Brazil.)

Coasts and rivers of eastern and southern South America from Matto
Grosso, Goyaz, Maranh4o and Piauhy, south to central Argentina (Cér-
doba) and the La Plata estuary.

Rynchops flavirostris Vieillot
Rhyncops flavirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3, 1816, p. 338.
(‘‘Australasie,” error = Senegal.)

Coasts and rivers of tropical Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south
to the Orange and Zambesi Rivers. Formerly in Egypt in the Nile Valley.
Rynchops albicollis Swainson

Rhynchops albicollis Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 360.

(India.)
Larger rivers of India, Burma, and Indochina.

SuBORDER ALCAE

Famity ALCIDAE?
GrENus PLAUTUS GunNERUs ?

Plautus Gunnerus, Trondhiemske Selsk. Skrifter, 1, 1761, p. 263, pl. 6.
Type, by monotypy, Plotus eller Plautus columbarius Gunnerus =
Alca alle Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1768-1770.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 706-710.

1 The range accorded this form is entirely provisional; its distribution and
status can only be ascertained from a series of specimens from all parts of its
range.

2 There do not appear to be any really trenchant characters upon which to
base a division into subfamilies.

3 Replaces Alle Link of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

FAMILY ALCIDAE 351

Plautus alle alle (Linné)

Alca Alle Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 131. (Ocean of Arctic
Europe and America; restricted type locality, Scotland.)

Breeds on the coasts and islands of northern Greenland, Iceland, Jan
Mayen, Spitsbergen, Bear Island and Novaya Zemlya. Winters from
southern Greenland to New Jersey (casually to Florida and Cuba) and
the ice-free waters of western Europe south to the Azores and the Canary
Islands.

Plautus alle polaris (Stenhouse)

Alle alle polaris Stenhouse, Scott. Nat., no. 182, 1930, p. 47. (Cape
Flora and Cape Saulen, Franz Josef Land.)

Breeds on Franz Josef Land. Winter range not definitely known but
presumed to be at the edge of open water in Barents Sea and perhaps west
to Spitsbergen and Bear Island.

GEeNus PINGUINUS BonnaTERRE !

Pinguinus Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1790, p. Ixxxiui,
p. 28. Type, by subsequent designation, Alca impennis Linné
(Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 562).

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1767-1768.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 710-713.

~ fPinguinus impennis (Linné)
Alca impennis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 130. (Arctic Europe.)

Extinct. Bred formerly on Funk Island off Newfoundland, on Iceland,
the Faroes, St. Kilda and the Orkney Islands. Ranged southward on both
sides of the North Atlantic to Massachusetts, the British Isles and Den-
mark; casually to Florida and northern Spain.

Genus ALCA LINNE

Alca Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 130. Type, by tautonymy,
Alca torda Linné (Alca, prebinomial specific name in synonymy).

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1766-1767.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 713-717.

Alca torda Linné

Alca Torda Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 130. (‘‘Europae
borealis oceano”’; restricted type locality, southern Sweden.)

Breeds from southern Greenland and middle Labrador south to New-
foundland and the Bay of Fundy; Iceland, Faroes, northern and western

1 Replaces Plautus Briinnich (not of Gunnerus) of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

352 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Kurope east to the White Sea and south to the British Isles, coast of
Brittany, islands in the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia. Winters on ice-
free waters on both sides of the North Atlantic from Labrador to Long
Island and to the western Mediterranean; casually to North Carolina and
the Canary Islands.

Genus URIA Brisson

Uria Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 52; 6, p. 70. Type, by tautonymy,
Uria Brisson = Colymbus aalge Pontoppidan.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1770-1774.
Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 176-177. (Ranges
of the races of U. lomvia in Arctic Europe and Asia.)
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 717-731.

Uria lomvia lomvia (Linné)
Alca Lomvia Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 130. (Boreal Europe;
restricted type locality, Greenland, apud Hartert, antea, p. 1773.)
Breeds from southern Ellesmere Island, northern Greenland, Spitsbergen
and Franz Josef Land, south to the northern part of Hudson Bay, islands
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, southern Greenland, Iceland, the Murman
Coast and Novaya Zemlya. Winters in ice-free waters south to Long
Island, British Isles (rarely), coast of Sweden and the Baltic Sea.

Uria lomvia arra (Pallas)

Cepphus Arra Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 347. (Kam-

chatka.)

Breeds on islands off the Arctic coast of Asia from Lonely Island (long.
87° E.) eastward, including the New Siberian Islands, Herald, and
Wrangel Islands, to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska; also coasts and islands of
Bering Sea and the adjacent portions of the North Pacific Ocean to
Kamchatka, Kurile, Commander and Aleutian Islands and Kodiak Island.
Winters on the open waters of Bering Sea and in the western part of the
North Pacific south to Japan; probably winters in ice-free waters adjacent
to its breeding range in Arctic Asia.

Uria aalge aalge (Pontoppidan)
Colymbus aalge Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1, 1763, p. 621, pl. 26.
(Iceland.)

Breeds from southern Labrador, southern Greenland (?), Iceland, and
Novaya Zemlya, south to Nova Scotia, the Shetlands, the Orkneys,
Norway and Lapland. Winters south to Maine on the western side of the
Atlantic and at least to northern Spain on the east.

1 Replaces Uria troile (Linn.) and Uria lachrymans Valenc. of Sharpe’s
Hand-list.

FAMILY ALCIDAE 353

Uria aalge hyperborea Salomonsen
Uria aalge hyperborea Salomonsen, Ibis, 1932, p. 130. (Bear Island.)
Breeds on Bear Island; birds from Novaya Zemlya may prove referable
to this race, which differs from a. aalge only in averaging 10 mm. longer
in the wing and in having a slightly shorter bill.

Uria aalge spiloptera Salomonsen
Uria aalge spiloptera Salomonsen, Ibis, 1932, p. 129. (Nols¢, Faroes.)
Resident on the Faroes.

~Uria aalge albionis Witherby

Uria aalge albionis Witherby, Brit. Bds., 16, 1923, p. 324. (Flambor-

ough, Yorkshire, England.)

Uria aalge helgoiandica Lénnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1923, p. 161.

(Heigoland.)

Resident in the British Isles (except Shetlands and Orkneys, which are
inhabited by a. aalge; the latter form also is possibly the one occurring on
St. Kilda and the Outer Hebrides), Channel Islands, Helgoland, north-
western coast of France and the Berlenga Islands off the coast of Portugal.

Uria aalge intermedia Nilsson
Uria intermedia Nilsson, Skandinav: Fauna, Fogl., ed. 2, 2, 1835, p. 506.
(Baltic Sea.)
Summer resident in the Baltic, breeding on Lilla Karls6 near Gotland,
Stora Karlsé and Bornholm.

Uria aalge inornata Salomonsen
Uria aalge inornata Salomonsen, Ibis, 1932, p. 128. (St. Matthews
Island, Bering Sea.)
Breeds on the coasts and islands of Bering Sea and adjacent parts of
the North Pacific from St. Matthew and the Pribilov Islands, south to
Sakhalin and northern Japan on the west and to Washington on the east.

Uria aalge californica (H. Bryant)
Catarractes Californicus H. Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8,
1861, p. 142. (Farallon Islands, California.)
Resident on the coast of California, breeding on the Farallons and San
Miguel Island.

GENUS CEPPHUS Pa.uas

Cepphus Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fase. 5, 1769, p. 33. Type, by monotypy,
Cepphus lacteolus Pallas = Alca grylle Linné.

1 Salomonsen, Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr., 25, 1931, p. 109-124, believes
birds from the range given above to be intermediate between a. aalge and a.
albionis; I have seen no material, but the characters given do not seem very
convincing; perhaps intermedia is only an earlier name for albzonis.

354 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pseuduria ‘‘Sharpe’’ Coues, Osprey, 3, 1899, p. 144. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Cepphus columba Pallas. (Richmond, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 24, 1902, p. 710.)

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1774-1778.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 732-745.

Cepphus grylle mandtii (Mandt)

Uria Mandtii ‘Lichtenstein’? Mandt, Obs. Hist. Nat. Itin. Groenl.,
1822, p. 30. (Spitsbergen.)

Breeds on Spitsbergen, Bear Island, Novaya Zemlya, coasts of western
Taimyr Peninsula, Franz Josef Land, New Siberian Islands, Herald and
Wrangel Islands, the Arctic coast of northeastern Siberia, and from Mel-
ville Island to northern Greenland, south probably to the Melville Penin-
sula, northern Baffin Island, and Greenland south to lat. 75° N. Winters
chiefly on the ice-free parts of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas.

Cepphus grylle arcticus (C. L. Brehm)!
Uria arctica C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. Naturg. eur. Vég., 2, 1824, p. 923.
(Greenland.)

Known to breed on both coasts of Greenland at least to lat. 72° N., on
southeastern Baffin Island and in Labrador south to Hamilton Inlet;
birds from Iceland may be referable to this form. Further details as to
breeding and winter ranges not worked out.

Cepphus grylle grylle (Linné)
Alca Grylle Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 180. (Ocean of northern
Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.)

Breeds on both sides of the North Atlantic from southern Labrador
and Newfoundland south to the coast of Maine, and from Scandinavia
east to the White Sea and south to the British Isles, Baltic Sea coast of
Sweden and coast of Finland. Winters south to Long Island on the west
and to northern France on the east.

Cepphus columba columba Pallas
Cepphus Columba Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 348. (Kam-
chatka and Bering Straits.)

Breeds on Herald and Wrangel Islands, north coast of the Chukchi
Peninsula, coasts and islands of Bering Sea and both sides of the North
Pacific to Kamchatka on the west and to the Santa Barbara Islands on
the east. Winters in the southern part of its breeding range north to the
Pribilov and Aleutian Islands.

Cepphus columba snowi Stejneger

Cepphus snowi Stejneger, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 201. (Raikoka Island,
Kurile Islands.)

Resident on the Kurile Islands and northern part of Hokkaido.
1 Cf. Austin, Bull. N. E. Bird Banding Assoc., 5, 1929, p. 1-6.

FAMILY ALCIDAE 355

~—~Cepphus carbo Pallas
Cepphus Carbo Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 350. (Aleutians,
Unalaska and Kurile Islands; restricted type locality, Kurile Islands,
the other two localities being erroneous.)
Resident on the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, Kurile Islands, Sakhalin
and Sea of Japan south to Korea and Hondo.

Genus BRACHYRAMPHUS M. Branprt!

Brachyramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 2,
1837, col. 346. Type, by subsequent designation, B. marmoratus
(Lath.) = Colymbus marmoratus Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds.,
1840, p. 77.)

Endomychura Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 201.
New name for Micruria Ogilvie-Grant, preoccupied. Type, by original
designation, Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus Xantus.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1778-1780.
Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 745-754.

~--Brachyramphus marmoratus perdix (Pallas)
Cepphus Perdix Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 351, pl. 80.
(Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk.)
Resident on the coasts of Kamchatka; occurs on the Kurile Islands,
Hokkaido and Sakhalin, but not breeding on these islands.

‘Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus (Gmelin)

Colymbus marmoratus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 583. (West-
ern America and Kamchatka = Prince William Sound, Alaska, ex
Pennant.)

Known to breed on the Queen Charlotte Islands and assumed to breed
within its summer range which extends from Unalaska and Kodiak Islands
to the coast of Humboldt County, California; south in winter to San
Diego.

..Brachyramphus brevirostris (Vigors)
Uria brevirostris Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828 (1829), p. 357. (San Blas,
Mexico, error = North Pacific Ocean.)

Occurs in summer, probably breeding, on the Arctic coast of eastern
Siberia, coasts of Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean to Kamchatka on the west
and to Glacier Bay on the east; Aleutian Islands. Winters south to the
Kurile Islands and northern Japan.

Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantus
Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859
(1860), p. 299. (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.)

1 Includes Micruria Ogilvie-Grant of Sharpe’s Hand-list.

356 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Resident on the coasts and islands of southern California and western
Lower California; breeds from Anacapa Island to the San Benito Islands.
After breeding season ranges north to Mendocino County, California.

Brachyramphus craveri (Salvadori)
Uria Cravert Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 387.
(Gulf of California, lat. 27° 50’ 12” N.; long. 110° 10’ 45” W. = Raza
Island.)

Resident in the Gulf of California, breeding on some of the islands. In
post-breeding season occurs on the Pacific coast from Monterey Bay south
along the Lower California peninsula.

Grenus SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS M.Branpt

Synthliboramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 2,
1837, col. 347. Type, by subsequent designation, Alca antiqua
Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 77.)

Rhamphosynthlipsis Coues, Key N. Am. Bds., ed. 5, 2, 1903, p. 1075.
Type, by monotypy, Uria wumizusume Temminck.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1781-1782.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 755-760.
Synthliboramphus antiquus (Gmelin)

Alca antiqua Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 554. (West of North
America to Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands, 7.e. Bering Sea.)

Breeds on the coast of Amurland, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Kurile, Com-

mander and Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island and locally south to Sangar
Island in the Queen Charlotte Group. Winters from the Commander and
Aleutian Islands south to the China coast, Japan, and southern California.
Synthliboramphus wumizusume (Temminck)

Uria wumizusume Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 98, 1835, pl. 579. (Shores
of Japan and Korea.)

Breeds on the Seven Islands, Japan; recorded from Sakhalin, Hok-
kaido, Hondo, Kiusiu and Korea.

GrENus PTYCHORAMPHUS M. Branpt

Ptychoramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 2,
1837, col. 347. Type, by monotypy, Uria aleutica Pallas.

cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 760-763.

Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas)
Uria Aleutica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 370. (‘‘Russis
ad Oceanum Orientalum”’ = North Pacific Ocean.)
Breeds from the Aleutian and Queen Charlotte Islands south to lat.
27°S., on western coast of Lower California. Winters at sea north to
Puget Sound.

FAMILY ALCIDAE 357

Genus CYCLORRHYNCHUS Kaur!

Cyclorrhynchus Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 155.
Type, by monotypy, Alca psittacula Pallas.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1787-1788.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 763-766.

~--« Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Pallas)

Alca psittacula Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fase. 5, 1769, p. 18, pl. 2, pl. 5,
figs. 4-6. (Kamchatka and islands toward Japan and North America.)

Breeds from the eastern tip of the Arctic coast of the Chukchi Peninsula
and from northwestern Alaska, south to the Commander and Aleutian
Islands. Winters south to Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands and coast of central
California.

Genus AETHIA MerreEm 2

Aethia Merrem, Vers. Grundr. Allg. Gesch. nat. Eintheil. Vog., 1,
Tentamen Nat. Syst. Av., 1788, p. 7, 13, 20. Type, by monotypy,
Alca cristatella Pallas. (Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 22, 1916, p. 340.)

Simorhynchus Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber’s Allg. Encyc., sect. 1, 2,
1819, p. 495. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Alca cris-
tatella Pallas.

Ciceronia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iii. Type, by
original designation, Phaleris nodirostra Bonaparte = Uria pusilla
Pallas.

Alcella Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 197, 198. New name to replace Phaleris
Temminck, as used in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 2. Type, by original
designation, Alca pygmaea Gmelin.

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1783-1787.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 767-778.

~« Aethia cristatella (Pallas)

Alca cristatella Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fase. 5, 1769, p. 18, pl. 3, pl. 5, figs.
7-9. (Hokkaido to Kamchatka.)

1 Replaces Phaleris Temminck of Sharpe’s Hand-list and most recent
authors. See A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 4, 1931, p. 386.

2 The three species comprising this genus each present very different types
of bill ornaments and nuptial plumes in the spring, so much so that Ridgway
places them in monotypic genera, while in the 4th ed. of the A. O. U. Check-
List, each species is placed in a separate subgenus. On the other hand the
species in winter when divested of ornaments and plumes present such a simi-
larity in external structure that generic segregation seems unwarranted;
neither does it seem desirable to divide a genus of three species into mono-
typic subgenera.

358 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds on the coasts and islands of Bering Sea and contiguous parts
of the North Pacific, south to Kodiak Island, Aleutian and Commander
Islands, Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands; ranges in summer to
Herald and Wrangel Islands and along the north coast of the Chukchi
Peninsula. Chiefly resident, but winters south to northern Japan.

Aethia pusilla (Pallas)
Uria pusilla Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 373. (Kamchatka.)
Breeds on the north coast of the Chukchi Peninsula, at Cape Lisburne,
Alaska, on the islands in Bering Sea and on the Aleutian Islands. Winters
off the coast of eastern Siberia and at sea from the Aleutian Islands to
northern Japan.

Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin)
Alca pygmexa Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p.555. (Islands in Ber-
ing Sea.)
Breeds on the Commander Islands, Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands;
possibly breeds on some of the Aleutians east to Unalaska. Chiefly resident,
but recorded in winter to northern Japan.

GENUS CERORHINCA BonaPaRTE

Cerorhinca Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 2, 1828, p. 427.
Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis Bonaparte = Alca mono-
cerata Pallas.

cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1788-1790.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 778-782.

Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas)
Alca monocerata Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 362. (Cape St.
Elias and Kodiak Island.)

Breeds on the Aleutian Islands and on both sides of the North Pacific
(chiefly on islands) from Kamchatka to Hokkaido and Korea, and from
Sitka, Alaska to Washington. Winters chiefly at sea south to Japan and
northern Lower California.

GENusS FRATERCULA Brisson

Fratercula Brisson, Orn.,; 1760, 1, p. 52; 6, p. 81. Type, by monotypy
and tautonymy, Fratercula Brisson = Alca arctica Linné.

cf. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1791-1797.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 782-791.

Fratercula arctica naumanni Norton
Fratercula arctica nawmanni Norton, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist.,
2, 1901, p. 144, note. (Spitsbergen, ex Naumann, Isis, 1821, p. 782,
Deine)
Resident from northern Greenland, Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land(?)
south to central Greenland, the Murman Coast and Novaya Zemlya.

FAMILY ALCIDAE 359

Fratercula arctica arctica (Linné)
Alca arctica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 130. (Seas of north-
ern Europe; restricted type locality, Norway.)
Breeds from Ungava, southern Greenland, Iceland and Bear Island,
south to the coasts of Maine, Nova Scotia and northern Norway. Chiefly
resident, wintering but slightly to the south of the breeding range.

-Fratercula arctica grabae (C. L. Brehm)
Mormon Grabae C. L. Brehm, Naturg. V6g. Deutschl., 1831, p. 999.
(Faroes.)
Mormon arcticus meridionalis Jordans, Vogelf. Mallorcas, in Falco, 10,
1914, Sonderh. 1, p. 144. (Alcudia, Mallorca.)

Resident on the Firoes, British Isles, coasts of Brittany and southern
Norway; the birds formerly breeding in southern Sweden and on Helgo-
land were probably of this race. Chiefly resident, though not uncommon
in the western Mediterranean during the winter.

Fratercula corniculata (Naumann)

Mormon corniculata Naumann, Isis von Oken, 1821, Bd. 2, col. 782,

pl. 7, figs. 3 and 4. (Kamchatka.)

Breeds on the coasts and islands of Bering Sea and adjacent parts of
the Arctic and North Pacific Oceans from Koliuchin Island and Cape
Lisburne south to the Kurile and Commander Islands on the west and to
Forrester Island, Alaska, on the east. Winters from the Commander, and
Aleutian Islands south to Hondo and the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Genus LUNDA Patuas

Lunda Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 363. Type, by subsequent
designation, Alca cirrhata Pallas. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 76.)

cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, 1921, p. 1790-1791.
Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, 1919, p. 792-796.

Lunda cirrhata (Pallas)
Alca cirrhata Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fase. 5, 1769, p. 7, pl. 1, pl. 5, figs.
1-3. (Seas between Kamchatka, America and the Kurile Islands.)
Breeds from the north coast of the Chukchi Peninsula and Cape Lis-
burne, Alaska, south on both sides of Bering Sea (and islands therein) and
the North Pacific Ocean to the Kurile Islands (perhaps also Hokkaido)
on the west and to the Santa Barbara Islands on the east. Chiefly
resident, a few wintering south to northern Lower California.

INDEX

INDEX

aalge, Colymbus, 351
aalge, Uria, 352

abbotti, Dryolimnas, 170
abbotti, Megapodius, 3
abbotti, Rougetius, 170
aburri, Aburria, 23

aburri, Penelope, 23
Aburria, 23

abyssinicus, Rallus, 170
Acentrortyx, 68
achrustera, Lophortyx, 45
Acomus, 116

Acryllium, 139

Actephilus, 226

Actitis, 269

Actophilornis, 226
Actophilus, 226

acuflavida, Sterna, 344
acuflavidus, Thalasseus, 344
acuminata, Erolia, 284
acuminatus, Totanus, 284
adamauae, Francolinus, 78
adansonii, Coturnix, 95
adansonii, Excalfactoria, 95
addenda, Gelochelidon, 330
addenda, Iliornis, 266
admiralitatis, Hypotaenidia, 164
admiralitatis, Rallus, 164
adolfi-friederici, Francolinus, 76
adolfi-friederici, Otis, 220
adspersus, Francolinus, 77
adspersa, Ortalis, 18
adspersa, Penelope, 18
Aechmorhynchus, 258
Aegialeus, 245

Aegialitis, 245
Aégialophilus, 246
aegyptiacus, Porphyrio, 207
aegyptius, Charadrius, 298
aegyptius, Pluvianus, 298
aenea, Parra, 228
Aenigmatolimnas, 197
ZEpypodius, 8
aequatorialis, Penelope, 13
aequatorialis, Rallus, 160
Aethia, 357

afra, Otis, 222

afer, Pternistis, 85

afer, Tetrao, 85

affinis, Burhinus, 295
affinis, Gelochelidon, 329
affinis, Gennzeus, 115
affinis, Glottis, 266

affinis, Ithaginis, 107
affinis, Larus, 317, 318
affinis, Megapodius, 6
affinis, Oedicnemus, 295
affinis, Ortygometra, 183
affinis, Phasianus, 127
affinis, Porzana, 183
affinis, Sterna, 329
Afraegialis, 246

afraoides, Afrotis, 222
atraoides, Otis, 222
Afribyx, 239

africana, Actophilornis, 226
africana, Coturnix, 93
africanus, Cursorius, 302
africanus, Francolinus, 75
africana, Parra, 226
africanus, Rhinoptilus, 302
Afrotis, 222

Afroxyechus, 246
Agelastes, 133
Agriocharis, 140
ahantensis, Francolinus, 82
aigneri, Lobivanellus, 238
aigneri, Sarcogrammus, 238
akool, Amaurornis, 200
akool, Rallus, 200

alai, Fulica, 212
alascensis, Lagopus, 30
alaschanicus, Phasianus, 125
alba, Chionis, 308

alba, Crocethia, 281

alba, Fulica, 210

alba, Gygis, 348

albus, Larus, 313

albus, Porphyrio, 210
alba, Sterna, 348

albus, Tetrao, 30

alba, Trynga, 281

364

alba, Vaginalis, 308

alberti, Crax, 11

alberti, Hypotaenidia, 162
alberti, Rallus, 162

albiceps, Vanellus, 238
albiceps, Xiphidiopterus, 238
albicollis, Porzana, 185
albicollis, Rallus, 185
albicollis, Rynchops, 350
albididorsalis, Sterna, 343
albididorsalis, Thalasseus, 343
albifrons, Sterna, 340
albigena, Sterna, 336
albigula, Arboricola, 100
albigula, Arborophila, 100
albigularis, Corethrura, 190
albigularis, Laterallus, 190
albinucha, Actophilornis, 227
albinucha, Parra, 227
albionis, Uria, 353
albipectus, Podica, 214
albipennis, Lophura, 117
albipennis, Penelope, 13
albistriata, Hydrochelidon, 339
albistriata, Sterna, 339
albiventris, Aramides, 174
albiventris, Penelope, 17
albiventris, Turnix, 145
albivitta, Procelsterna, 345
alboaxillaris, Numenius, 260
albocristatus, Phasianus, 112
albofasciatus, Rhinoptilus, 302
albogularis, Francolinus, 72
Alea, 351

Aleae, 350

Alcella, 357

Alcidae, 350

aldabranus, Dryolimnas, 170
aldabrana, Rallus, 170
Alector, 10

alector, Crax, 10

Alectoris, 62

Alectura, 7

aleuticus, Ptychoramphus, 356
aleutica, Sterna, 337
aleutica, Uria, 356
alexandrae, Lagopus, 31
alexandrinus, Charadrius, 248
Alle, 350

alle, Alea, 351

alle, Plautus, 351

allenbyi, Charadrius, 252

INDEX

alleni, Eupodotis, 223
alleni, Lagopus, 32

alleni, Porphyrio, 206
alleni, Porphyrula, 206
alleni, Turnix, 143
alligator, Turnix, 148
Alphagygis, 348
Alphaturnia, 142
alpherakyi, Phasianus, 125
alpina, Erolia, 286

alpina, Tringa, 286

altaica, Perdix, 61

altaicus, Tetraogallus, 61
alticola, Aegialitis, 251
alticola, Charadrius, 251
altipetens, Lagopus, 35
altumi, Francolinus, 80
Amaurolimnas, 171
amauroptera, Porzana, 172
Amaurornis, 200
americanus, Anoiis, 348
americana, Ardea, 152
americana, Cupidonia, 41
americana, Fulica, 212
americana, Grus, 152
americanus, Megalopterus, 348
americanus, Numenius, 263
americana, Recurvirostra, 291
amherstiae, Chrysolophus, 130
amherstiae, Phasianus, 130
Ammoperdix, 59
amurensis, Tetrastes, 38
anaethetus, Sterna, 337
Anarhynchus, 257
Ancylocheilus, 282
Ancylochilus, 282
andersoni, Kuplocamus, 115
andina, Capella, 277
andina, Gallinago, 277
andina, Recurvirostra, 291
andrewsi, Eulabeornis, 164
andrewsi, Rallus, 164
aneiteumensis, Porphyrio, 209
angolae, Pluvianus, 298
angolensis, Francolinus, 72
angolensis, Pternistis, 85
angulata, Gallinula, 205
annamensis, Arboricola, 99
annamensis, Arborophila, 99
annamensis, Gennaeus, 114
annulata, Crax, 11
annulata, Hiaticula, 245

Anomalophrys, 242

Anoiis, 346

Anousella, 346

ansorgei, Numida, 136
ansorgei, Sarothrura, 195
antaenia, Glareola, 305
antarctica, Catharacta, 310
antarcticus, Lestris, 310
antarcticus, Rallus, 161
antarctica, Sterna, 337
Anteliotringa, 280
antelius, Anous, 346
antelius, Larus, 317
Anthropoides, 153
Antigone, 150

antigone, Ardea, 152
antigone, Grus, 152
antillarum, Sterna, 341
antillarum, Sternula, 341
antioquiana, Chamepetes, 22
antiqua, Alea, 356
antiquus, Synthliboramphus, 356
antistropha, Sterna, 333
antonil, Sarothrura, 197
Anurolimnas, 181
Anurophasis, 68
Aphanolimnas, 188
Aphriza, 271

apricarius, Charadrius, 244
apricaria, Pluvialis, 244
aquaticus, Rallus, 161
aquilonifer, Tetraogallus, 61
aquitanicus, Tetrao, 24
arabica, Coturnix, 93
arabicus, Thalasseus, 343
arabistanicus, Francolinus, 69
arabs, Choriotis, 219
arabs, Otis, 219

Aramidae, 155

Aramides, 174
Aramidopsis, 176

Aramus, 155

aranea, Gelochelidon, 330
aranea, Sterna, 330
araucuan, Ortalis, 17
araucuan, Penelope, 17
Arboricola, 98
Arborophila, 98

archeri, Francolinus, 75
arctica, Alca, 359

arcticus, Cepphus, 354
arctica, Erolia, 285

INDEX 365

arctica, Fratercula, 359
arctica, Uria, 354

ardens, Arboricola, 102
ardens, Arborophila, 102
ardeola, Dromas, 293
ardesiaca, Fulica, 212
Arenaria, 271

arenaria, Tringa, 281
Arenariinae, 271
arenicola, Perdix, 89
arfakianus AXpypodius, 9
arfakianus, Talegallus, 9
argentatus, Larus, 316
argentatus, Nycthemerus, 114
argentea, Grus, 153
argentea, Mathewsia, 153
argoondah, Coturnix, 97
argoondah, Perdicula, 97
argus, Argusianus, 132
argus, Phasianus, 132
Argusianus, 132
argyrotis, Penelope, 16
argyrotis, Pipile, 16
arideensis, Sterna, 335
armatus, Charadrius, 241
armatus, Hoplopterus, 241
armillata, Fulica, 212
armoricana, Perdix, 88
arquata, Numenius, 262
arquata, Scolopax, 262
Arquatella, 282

arra, Cepphus, 352

arra, Uria, 352

Asarcia, 228

asiae, Francolinus, 69
aslaticus, Charadrius, 255
aslatica, Eupoda, 255
asiaticus, Ochthodromus, 255
asiatica, Perdicula, 97
asiatica, Perdix, 97
assami, Tringa, 267
assimilis, Genneeus, 114
assimilis, Hypsibates, 289
assimilis, Megapodius, 5
assimilis, Ocydromus, 177
assimilis, Oedicnemus, 295
assimilis, Rallus, 165
astutus, Burhinus, 294
atra, Afrotis, 222

atra, Fulica, 211

ater, Haematopus, 234
ater, Nesophylax, 188

366

atra, Otis, 222

atra, Porzana, 188
atkhensis, Lagopus, 34
atlanticus, Anoiis, 348
atlanticus, Megalopterus, 348
atlantis, Larus, 318
Atlantisia, 167

atlayi, Gennzus, 114
atratus, Canachites, 36
atricapilla, Caccabis, 63
atriceps, Colinus, 49
atriceps, Ortyx, 49

atricilla, Larus, 321
atrifrons, Charadrius, 253
atrifrons, Francolinus, 84
atrifrons, Odontophorus, 54
atrogularis, Arboricola, 99
atrogularis, Arborophila, 99
atrogularis, Hemipodius, 147
atrogularis, Penelope, 14
atrogularis, Turnix, 147
atronuchalis, Lobivanellus, 238
Attagis, 306

attwateri, Tympanuchus, 41
aucklandica, Coenocorypha, 273
aucklandicus, Gallinago, 273
aucklandorna, Sterna, 336
audouinii, Larus, 315
aurantia, Sterna, 332

aurea, Pluvialis, 244
auricularis, Ortygometra, 183
auritum, Crossoptilon, 111
aurita, Otis, 225

auritus, Phasianus, 111
australis, Alectoris, 67
australis, Caccabis, 67
australis, Choriotis, 220
australis, Eudromias, 303
australis, Excalfactoria, 96
australis, Fulica, 211
australis, Gallirallus, 177
australis, Hypotaenidia, 164
australis, Otis, 220

australis, Peltohyas, 303
australis, Perdix, 95
australis, Rallus, 164, 177
australis, Rhynchaea, 230
australis, Rhynchortyx, 58
australis, Rostratula, 230
australis, Synoicus, 95
australis, Terekia, 268
austrinus, Larus, 319

INDEX

Austrotis, 219
Austroturnix, 142

avosetta, Recurvirostra, 291
axillaris, Aramides, 176
ayesha, Francolinus, 78
ayresi, Coturnicops, 194

bachmani, Haematopus, 231
bahamensis, Colinus, 47
baikalensis, Lyrurus, 27
baikalensis, Tetrao, 27
bailyi, Polyplectron, 131
bairdii, Actodromas, 284
bairdii, Erolia, 284

bakeri, Polyplectron, 131
bakeri, Porzana, 185
bakeri, Thalasseus, 342
balaenarum, Sterna, 339
Balearica, 154
Balearicinae, 154

baliolus, Odontophorus, 54
baliola, Ortalis, 20
balliviani, Odontophorus, 55
balukensis, Megapodius, 4
Bambusicola, 105

bangsi, Porzana, 185
bangsi, Sterna, 335
bankiva, Gallus, 119
bannermani, Cursorius, 299
barbara, Alectoris, 67
barbara, Perdix, 67
barbata, Alectoris, 67
barbata, Caccabis, 67
barbatus, Dendrortyx, 42
barbata, Guttera, 138
barbata, Penelope, 16
barbata, Perdix, 89
baringoensis, Numida, 135
barrowii, Eupodotis, 224
barrowli, Otis, 224
bartelsi, Arborophila, 101
bartelsorum, Turnix, 148
Bartramia, 259

batchelori, Catharacta, 310
batemani, Arboricola, 98
batemani, Arborophila, 98
batemani, Genneus, 112
batesi, Canirallus, 180
batesi, Sarothrura, 196
Bathornithidae, 216
baueri, Limosa, 264
beccarii, Turnix, 144

bechsteini, Totanus, 266
belcheri, Larus, 314
beldingi, Charadrius, 254
beldingi, Pagolla, 254
beldingi, Rallus, 159

beli, Gennaseu, 115

belli, Hydrochelidon, 328
bellus, Porphyrio, 209
Belonopterus, 236
bemmeleni, Porphyrio, 208
bengalensis, Houbaropsis, 225
bengalensis, Otis, 225
benghalensis, Rallus, 230
benghalensis, Rostratula, 230
bengalensis, Sterna, 343
bengalensis, Thalasseus, 343
bengalensis, Turnix, 146
benguellensis, Francolinus, 76
benguellensis, Pternistis, 85
benschi, Monias, 142
bensoni, Callipepla, 46
bensoni, Lophortyx, 46
berezowskii, Ithaginis, 108
berezowskyi, Phasianus, 126
bergii, Phasianus, 123
bergii, Sterna, 341

bergii, Thalasseus, 341
berliozi, Gennaeus, 115
berneyi, Turnix, 149
bernieri, Haematopus, 234
bernsteinii, Megapodius, 4
bernsteini, Sterna, 342
bethunei, Sterna, 334, 336
bewickii, Totanus, 265
bewickii, Tringa, 265
bianchii, Phasianus, 123
bicalecaratus, Francolinus, 78
bicalcarata, Galloperdix, 107
bicalcaratus, Pavo, 131
bicalearata, Perdix, 107
bicalcaratum, Polyplectron, 131
bicalearatus, Tetrao, 78
bicinctus, Charadrius, 251
bicinctus, Cursorius, 301, 302
bicolor, Porzana, 186
biddulphi, Pucrasia, 119
biedermanni, Caccabis, 63
bifrontatus, Charadrius, 253
bilobus, Charadrius, 242
bipunctatus, Argus, 133
birulai, Lagopus, 31

birulai, Larus, 317

INDEX 367

bisignatus, Cursorius, 301
bisignatus, Rhinoptilus, 301
bistriatus, Burhinus, 296
bistriatus, Charadrius, 296
bitorquatus, Macrotarsius, 303
bitorquatus, Rhinoptilus, 303
bjerkreimensis, Lyrurus, 27
blakistoni, Arecturnix, 146
blakistoni, Turnix, 146
blandini, Houbaropsis, 225
blanfordii, Turnix, 145
blewitti, Cryptoplectron, 97
blewitti, Microperdix, 97
blumenbachil, Crax, 12
blythii, Ceriornis, 109
blythi, Tragopan, 109
bocagei, Guttera, 139
b6éhmi, Pternistis, 85

bohmi, Sarothrura, 196
bogdanovi, Francolinus, 69
bogdanowi, Phasianus, 122
bogolubovi, Cursorius, 299
bogotensis, Porphyriops, 199
boliviana, Penelope, 14
bolivianus, Thinocorus, 308
bollonsi, Sterna, 334
bonapartii, Corethrura, 194
bonapartii, Sarothrura, 194
Bonasa, 39

bonasia, Tetrao, 37

bonasia, Tetrastes, 37
bonhami, Caccabis, 59
borealis, Numenius, 260
borealis, Scolopax, 260
boreotis, Sterna, 342
borneensis, Caloperdix, 104
borneensis, Melanoperdix, 91
borysthenicus, Haematopus, 232
bottegi, Francolinus, 83
boweni, Glareola, 304
boweri, Pisobia, 283
brachipus, Rallus, 162
brachyptera, Gallinula, 204
brachypterus, Gallirallus, 177
brachyptera, Stagnicola, 204
Brachyramphus, 355
brachyrhynchus, Larus, 316
brachyrhynchus, Rissa, 325
brachyuros, Tetrao, 35
bradfieldi, Chapinortyx, 80
bradfieldi, Francolinus, 80
brandti, Phasianus, 123

368

braziliensis, Scolopax, 276
brehmi, Ptilopachus, 105
brenchleyi, Megapodius, 6
brevipes, Heteroscelus, 270
brevipes, Poliolimnas, 198
brevipes, Porzana, 198
brevipes, Totanus, 270
brevirostris, Brachyramphus, 355
brevirostris, Lagopus, 31
brevirostris, Larus, 326
brevirostris, Rissa, 326
brevirostris, Uria, 355
bridgesi, Penelope, 15
britannicus, Larus, 318
britannicus, Lyrurus, 27
Brontornithidae, 216
bronzina, Penelope, 15
brooki, Penelope, 14
broomei, Burhinus, 297
browni, Sterna, 341

bruijnii, Zpypodius, 9
bruijnii, Talegallus, 9
brunneiventris, Megapodius, 6
brunneopectus, Arboricola, 100
brunneopectus, Arborophila, 100
brunnescens, Laterallus, 191
brunnescens, Lophortyx, 44
brunnescens, Penelope, 13
brunnicephalus, Larus, 321
brunnichii, Rissa, 325
bucharensis, Ammoperdix, 59
buckleyi, Francolinus, 71
buckleyi, Odontophorus, 52
biittikoferi, Burhinus, 295
biittikoferi, Oedicnemus, 295
Bugeranus, 153

bulleri, Larus, 323

bulweri, Lobiophasis, 118
burchellii, Eupodotis, 218
burchellii, Neotis, 218
Burhinidae, 293

Burhinoidea, 293

Burhinops, 293

Burhinus, 293

burmanicus, Calophasis, 129
burmanicus, Syrmaticus, 129
burmeisteri, Chunga, 216
burmeisteri, Dicholophus, 216
buruensis, Megapodius, 5
buryi, Sarothrura, 196
butleri, Choriotis, 219
butleri, Ptilopachus, 105

INDEX

buturlini, Perdix, 89
buturlini, Phasianus, 125

Caballus, 167

Cabalus, 167

caboti, Ceriornis, 110
caboti, Tragopan, 110
Caccabis, 62

cachinnans, Gallinula, 204
cachinnans, Larus, 317, 318
caerulesens, Eupodotis, 224
caerulescens, Excalfactoria, 96
caerulesens, Otis, 224
caerulescens, Rallus, 162
caeruleus, Porphyrio, 207
cafra, Neotis, 218

cafra, Otis, 218

cairnsae, Excalfactoria, 96
cajanea, Aramides, 175
cajanea, Fulica, 175
cajennensis, Tringa, 236
caledonicus, Porphyrio, 209
caledonica, Porzana, 187
Calidris, 280

calidris, Charadrius, 280
calidris, Tringa, 280
californicus, Catarractes, 353
californicus, Larus, 319
californica, Lophortyx, 44
californicus, Tetrao, 44
californica, Uria, 353
callewaerti, Numida, 136
Callipepla, 44

callolaema, Caccabis, 67
Caloperdix, 103

Calophasis, 129

calopterus, Aramides, 176
Calpata, 313

calvus, Porphyrio, 208
cambayensis, Coturnix, 97
cambodiana, Arborophila, 101
camerunensis, Francolinus, 83
camerunensis, Podica, 214
campbelli, Arboricola, 101
campbelli, Arborophila, 101
campbelli, Francolinus, 72
campbelli, Ortygornis, 72
campbelli, Porzanoidea, 186
campestris, Charadrius, 244
campestris, Pedioecetes, 41
Canace, 36

canace, Canachites, 36

INDEX 369

canace, Tetrao, 36
Canachites, 36
canadensis, Ardea, 151
canadensis, Canachites, 36
canadensis, Grus, 151
canadensis, Tetrao, 36
cancellatus, Aechmorhynchus, 259
cancellata, Tringa, 259
candida, Gygis, 349
candida, Sterna, 349
canescens, Odontophorus, 52, 54
canescens, Perdix, 89
canicollis, Eupodetis, 224
canicollis, Ortalis, 21
canicollis, Otis, 224
canicollis, Penelope, 21
Caniralius, 180

canningi, Euryzona, 172
canningi, Rallina, 172
cantiaca, Sterna, 341
cantiacus, Thalasseus, 341
cantianus, Charadrius, 248
canus, Larus, 315
canutus, Calidris, 280
canutus, Tringa, 280
Capella, 274

capensis, Burhinus, 296
capensis, Francolinus, 77
capensis, Microparra, 226
capensis, Oedicnemus, 296
capensis, Parra, 226
capensis, Tetrao, 77
capistratus, Odontophorus, 54
capistrata, Ortyx, 54
captus, Lagopus, 35
capueira, Odontophorus, 53
capueira, Perdix, 53
caquetz, Ortalis, 18
caracco, Ortalida, 17, 18
caracco, Ortalis, 18
caraganae, Perdix, 90
carau, Aramus, 155

carbo, Cepphus, 355
Cariama, 216

Cariamae, 216
Cariamidae, 216

caribaea, Fulica, 212
caribaeus, Rallus, 158
carolina, Porzana, 184
carolinus, Rallus, 184
carteri, Arenaria, 281
carunculata, Ardea, 153

carunculatus, Bugeranus, 153
carunculata, Crax, 11
carunculata, Penelope, 23
caspius, Porphyrio, 208
caspia, Sterna, 331

caspius, Tetrao, 60

caspius, Tetraogallus, 60
castanea, Ortyx, 49

castanea, Pucrasia, 119
castaneiceps, Anurolimnas, 181
castaneiceps, Porzana, 181
castaneicollis, Francolinus, 83
castaneiventer, Callipepla, 44
castaneiventer, Pternistis, 86
castaneoventris, Eulabeornis, 179
castaneus, Colinus, 49
castanogastris, Callipepla, 44
Castanolimnas, 171
castanotus, Hemipodius, 148
castanota, Turnix, 148
castigatus, Odontophorus, 51
catalinensis, Lophortyx, 45
Catharacta, 309

Catheturus, 7
Catoptrophorus, 269
Catreus, 121

caucae, Ortalis, 18

caucasica, Alectoris, 64
caucasicus, Francolinus, 69
caucasica, Perdix, 89
caucasica, Tetrao, 60
caucasicus, Tetraogallus, 60
caurina, Galloperdix, 106
cayanus, Charadrius, 241
cayanus, Hoploxypterus, 241
cayennensis, Belonopterus, 236
cayennensis, Fulica, 174
cayennensis, Parra, 236
ceciliae, Balearica, 154
celebensis, Rallus, 166
celebensis, Scolopax, 279
celestinoi, Turnix, 143
centralis, Afrotis, 222
centralis, Erolia, 286
centralis, Gallinula, 205
centralis, Sarothrura, 195
centralis, Tetraogallus, 61
Centrocercus, 41

Cepphus, 353

cerceris, Gallinula, 205
Ceriornis, 119

Cerorhinca, 358

370

cerulea, Procelsterna, 345
cerulea, Sterna, 345

cerverai, Cyanolimnas, 174
cervinus, Synoicus, 94
Chaetusia, 234

chalecopterus, Cursorius, 302
chalecopterus, Rhinoptilus, 302
Chalcurus, 130

chaleurus, Chalcurus, 180
chalcurum, Polyplectrum, 130
Chamaepetes, 21

chambanus, Lophophorus, 110
chamberlaini, Lagopus, 33
chandleri, Eulabeornis, 164
chandleri, Rallus, 164
chapini, Guttera, 138
Chapinortyx, 68

chapmani, Crax, 12
chapmani, Micropygia, 192
chapmani, Odontophorus, 52
chapmani, Thyrorhina, 192
Charadrii, 226

Charadriidae, 234
Charadriiformes, 226
Charadriinae, 243
Charadrioidea, 230
Charadrius, 245

charltonii, Perdix, 102
charltonii, Tropicoperdix, 102
chathamensis, Haematopus, 234
chathamensis, Porphyrio, 209
cheeputi, Attagis, 307
Chettusia, 234

chiapensis, Dactylortyx, 56
chilensis, Belonopterus, 236
chilensis, Catharacta, 310
chilensis, Parra, 236
chilensis, Stercorarius, 310
chimborazensis, Attagis, 306
chinensis, Amaurornis, 201
chinensis, Excalfactoria, 95
chinensis, Fulica, 201
chinensis, Parra, 227
chinensis, Tetrao, 95
chinquis, Polyplectron, 131
Chionarchus, 308
Chionididae, 308
Chionidoidea, 308

Chionis, 308

chiricote, Rallus, 175
chirurgus, Hydrophasianus, 228
chirurgus, Tringa, 228

INDEX

Chlamydotis, 220
Chlidonias, 327

chloronotus, Porphyrula, 206
chloropoda, Phaetusa, 329
chloropoda, Sterna, 329
chloropus, Fulica, 203
chloropus, Gallinula, 203
chloropus, Tropicoperdix, 102
chobiensis, Dendroperdix, 74
chobiensis, Francolinus, 74
chobiensis, Pternistis, 86
cholmleyi, Ammoperdix, 59
chonensis, Phasianus, 126
Choriotis, 219

christopheri, Sterna, 335
Chrysolophus, 130
chrysomelas, Phasianus, 122
chrysomeloides, Phasianus, 124
Chubbia, 277

chukar, Alectoris, 65
chukar, Perdix, 65

Chunga, 216

Ciceronia, 357

cinctus, Erythrogonys, 256
cinctus, Hemerodromus, 302
cinctus, Odontophorus, 58
cinctus, Rhinoptilus, 302
cinctus, Rhynchortyx, 58
cinctus, Vanellus, 257
cinerascens, Rhynchops, 350
cinereus, Anoiis, 345

cinerea, Fulica, 202

cinerea, Gallicrex, 202
cinerea, Glareola, 306
cinereus, Lagopus, 32
cinereus, Microsarcops, 237
cinerea, Perdix, 87

cinerea, Pluvianus, 237
cinereus, Poliolimnas, 198
cinereus, Porphyrio, 198
cinerea, Scolopax, 268
cinerea, Sterna, 345
cinereus, Xenus, 268
cinereiceps, Laterallus, 190
cinereiceps, Ortalida, 20
cinereiceps, Ortalis, 20
cinereiceps, Porzana, 190
cinnamomeus, Rallus, 195
cinnamomea, Sarothrura, 195
cinnamomea, Totanus, 267
cinnamomea, Tringa, 267 ~
cinnamominus, Charadrius, 254

cinnamomina, Pagolla, 254
Cirrepidesmus, 246

cirrhata, Alca, 359

cirrhata, Lunda, 359
cirrhepidesmos, Charadrius, 246
cirrocephalus, Larus, 321
Cladorhynchus, 290
clappertoni, Francolinus, 79
clarkei, Catharacta, 310
clarkei, Ithaginis, 108
clelandi, Rallus, 162

cleptea, Amaurornis, 202
cliffordi, Genneus, 115
cloatesi, Gelochelidon, 330
coccineipes, Amaurornis, 200
coccineipes, Gallinula, 200
coelestis, Scolopax, 274
coenensis, Austroturnix, 149
Coenocorypha, 273

coffini, Colinus, 49

cognacqi, Tropicoperdix, 103
colchicus, Phasianus, 121
Colcloughia, 142

Colinus, 46

collaris, Arboricola, 100
collaris, Charadrius, 251
collaris, Larus, 326

colletti, Excalfactoria, 96
collingwoodi, Poliolimnas, 198
colombiana, Penelope, 16
colorata, Glarecla, 306
coloratus, Odontophorus, 53
columba, Cepphus, 354
columbiana, Fulica, 212
columbianus, Neocrex, 194
columbianus, Odontophorus, 55
columbiana, Ortalis, 18
columbianus, Pedioecetes, 40
columbianus, Phasianus, 40
columbinus, Charadrius, 254
comeri, Porphyriornis, 206
Compsotis, 222

concolor, Amaurolimnas, 171
concolor, Rallus, 171
conditicius, Tricholimnas, 168
confinis, Oreortyx, 43

confisa, Coturnix, 92
consobrinus, Odontophorus, 55
continentis, Eupsychortyx, 51
conturbans, Coturnix, 92
convicta, Eulabeornis, 172
convicta, Rallina, 172

INDEX 371

coqui, Francolinus, 72
coqul, Perdix, 72

coreensis, Lyrurus, 28
coreensis, Tetrastes, 38
Corethrura, 194
corniculata, Fratercula, 359
corniculata, Mormon, 359
cornuta, Fulica, 213
coromandelica, Coturnix, 93
coromandelicus, Cursorius, 300
coromandelicus, Tetrao, 93
coronatus, Charadrius, 240
coronata, Numida, 137
coronatus, Stephanibyx, 240
correiana, Gallinula, 203
corrius, Rallus, 158

corsa, Alectoris, 67

corsa, Caccabis, 67
corsicana, Coturnix, 92
coryl, Rallus, 158
Coturnicops, 193
coturniculus, Laterallus, 189
coturniculus, Porzana, 189
Coturnix, 91

coturnix, Coturnix, 92
coturnix, Tetrao, 92

couesi, Arquatella, 285
couesi, Erolia, 285

coyolcos, Colinus, 49
coyoleos, Tetrao, 49
Cracidae, 9

Cracoidea, 3

eranchii, Perdix, 85
cranchii, Pternistis, 84
Cranellus, 241

crassirostris, Chettusia, 237
crassirostris, Hudromias, 254
crassirostris, Fulica, 199
crassirostris, Hemiparra, 237
crassirostris, Larus, 314
crassirostris, Porphyriops, 199
crassirostris, Rallus, 159
craveri, Brachyramphus, 356
craveri, Uria, 356

crawfordi, Gygis, 348
crawfurdii, Phasianus, 115
crawshayi, Francolinus, 76
Crax, 10

Creagrus, 326

Creciscus, 189

Crecopsis, 181

crepitans, Psophia, 156

372

crepitans, Rallus, 157

Crex, 181

crex, Crex, 181

crex, Rallus, 181

crissalis, Haliplana, 338
crissalis, Sterna, 338
cristatella, Aethia, 357
cristatella, Alea, 357
cristata, Cariama, 216
cristatus, Colinus, 51
cristata, Fulica, 211
cristatus, Gallicrex, 202
cristata, Meleagris, 12, 137
cristata, Numida, 137
cristata, Palamedea, 216
cristatus, Pavo, 133
cristata, Penelope, 13
cristatus, Phasianus, 141
cristata, Sterna, 342
cristatus, Tetrao, 51
cristatus, Thalasseus, 342
Crocethia, 280
Crossoptilon, 110
crossoptilon, Crossoptilon, 111
crossoptilon, Phasianus, 111
crozettensis, Chionarchus, 309
crozettensis, Chionis, 309
crudigularis, Arborophila, 99
crudigularis, Oreoperdix, 99
cruentus, Ithaginis, 107
cruentus, Phasianus, 107
Crymophilus, 292
Cryptoplectron, 97

csongor, Oedicnemus, 296
cubanensis, Colinus, 47
cubanensis, Ortyx, 47
cubanus, Rallus, 158
cucullatus, Charadrius, 247
cucullatus, Xiphidiopterus, 238
cujubi, Penelope, 22

cujubi, Pipile, 22

Cumana, 22

cumanensis, Crax, 23
cumanensis, Pipile, 23
cumingii, Megapodius, 4
cuneicauda, Glareola, 308
cuneicauda, Thinocorus, 308
cunenensis, Pternistis, 85
cunenensis, Scleroptila, 76
cupido, Tetrao, 41

cupido, Tympanuchus, 41
curonicus, Charadrius, 248

INDEX

cursor, Charadrius, 299
cursor, Cursorius, 299
Cursoriinae, 298
Cursorius, 299 ’
cuvieri, Dryolimnas, 170
cuvieri, Lophophorus, 115
cuvieri, Rallus, 170
cuvieri, Talegalla, 8
Cyanolimnas, 174
Cyanophasis, 129
cyanopus, Numenius, 262
Cyclorrhynchus, 357
cynosurae, Squatarola, 243
cypereti, Rallus, 159
cypriotes, Alectoris, 63
Cyrtonyx, 57

Dactylortyx, 56
daghestanica, Alectoris, 64
dahlakensis, Cursorius, 299
damacensis, Totanus, 282
damarensis, Afrotis, 222
damarensis, Burhinus, 296
damarensis, Cursorius, 300
damarensis, Numida, 137
damarensis, Oedicnemus, 296
damarensis, Pternistis, 86
damascenus, Tetrao, 88
danei, Sarothrura, 196
darwini, Pucrasia, 120
daubentoni, Crax, 11
daurica, Tetrao, 89

davidi, Arborophila, 101
davidi, Turnix, 143
davisae, Sterna, 339
davisoni, Gennaeus, 115
dealbatus, AXgialites, 249
dealbatus, Charadrius, 249
decollatus, Megapodius, 5
deccllatus, Phasianus, 126
decoratus, Colinus, 50
decoratus, Eupsychortyx, 50
Defilippia, 236

delacouri, Lophura, 117
delalandii, Hydrochelidon, 327
delawarensis, Larus, 315
delegorguei, Coturnix, 93
delicata, Capella, 276
delicata, Scolopax, 276
delutescens, Francolinus, 73
demissus, Stephanibyx, 240
Dendragapus, 28

Dendroperdix, 68
Dendrortyx, 42

denhami, Neotis, 218
denhami, Otis, 218
derbianus, Oreophasis, 24
derbyi, Choriotis, 220
devius, Dactylortyx, 56
diamesus, Anoiis, 348
diamesus, Micranous, 348
diardi, Diardigallus, 117
diardi, Euplocomus, 117
diardii, Houppifer, 116
Diardigallus, 117
Diatrymidae, 226
Diatrymiformes, 226
dickeyi, Colinus, 50
dieffenbachi, Cabalus, 167
dieffenbachii, Nesolimnas, 167
dieffenbachu, Rallus, 167
differens, Cyrtonyx, 57
dilutus, Dendrortyx, 42
Diplopteryx, 227
dissimilis, Hierophasis, 116
distinctus, Burhinus, 294
distinctus, Gidicnemus, 294
Ditelmatias, 274

diversa, Arborophila, 101
dixoni, Lagopus, 34
dodsoni, Burhinus, 296
dodsoni, Gidicnemus, 296
dolosus, Aramus, 155
dominicus, Charadrius, 245
dominica, Pluvialis, 245
dominicanus, Larus, 319
dominicensis, Burhinus, 296
dominicensis, (idicnemus, 296
dougallii, Sterna, 334
douglasii, Lophortyx, 46
douglasii, Ortyx, 46
dowashanus, Francolinus, 81
dresseri, Tetrao, 30
Dromadidae, 293
Dromadoidea, 293
Dromas, 293

drouynii, Crossoptilon, 111
dryas, Rallicula, 173
Dryolimnas, 170

dubius, Charadrius, 248
dubia, Gallinago, 275
dulitensis, Rhizothera, 91
duncani, Coturnicops, 193
duneani, Ortygops, 193

INDEX

duperryli, Megapodius, 4
durnfordi, Haematopus, 232
dussumier, Hemipodius, 143
dussumier, Turnix, 143
duvaucelii, Charadrius, 241
duvaucelii, Hoplopterus, 241
dybowskii, Francolinus, 78
dybowskii, Otis, 218
dzungarica, Alectoris, 65

eburneus, Larus, 313
eburnea, Pagophila, 313
ecaudata, Rallus, 166
ecaudotus, Rallus, 188
edouardi, Guttera, 139
edouardi, Numida, 139
edwardsi, Gennaeus, 116
edwardsi, Hierophasis, 116
edwardsii, Otis, 220
edwardsi, Porphyrio, 208
edwardsi, Thalasseus, 342
edzinensis, Phasianus, 124
egregia, Crecopsis, 181
egregia, Ortygometra, 181
ehrenbergi, Burhinus, 296
ehrenbergi, Oedicnemus, 296
elegans, Charadrius, 248
elegans, Gallinula, 196
elegans, Gennaeus, 114
elegans, Phasianus, 126
elegans, Rallus, 160
elegans, Sarothrura, 196
elegans, Sterna, 344
elegans, Thalasseus, 344
elgonensis, Francolinus, 75
elizabethae, Sarothrura, 195
ellenbecki, Francolinus, 74
ellioti, Phasianus, 129
ellioti, Porphyrio, 208
ellioti, Syrmaticus, 129
ellisi, Prosobonia, 259
Elseya, 255

Elseyornis, 255

elucus, Aramus, 155
emini, Francolinus, 78
emini, Glareola, 305
emini, Ptilopachus, 105
emini, Rhinoptilus, 302
emphanum, Polyplectron, 132
Endomychura, 355
erckelii, Francolinus, 84
erckelil, Perdix, 84

373

374A

eremita, Megapodius, 6
Ereunetes, 281

eritreae, Francolinus, 74
erlangeri, Coturnix, 93

erlangeri, Glareola, 304

erlangeri, Otis, 224

Erolia, 282

Eroliinae, 280

erythrognatha, Crax, 10
Erythrogonys, 256
erythrophthalmus, Houppifer, 116
erythrophthalmus, Phasianus, 116
erythrops, Neocrex, 194
erythrops, Odontophorus, 53
erythrops, Porzana, 194
erythroptera, Ortalida, 21
erythroptera, Ortalis, 21
erythropus, Scolopax, 264
erythropus, Tringa, 264, 265
erythrorhyncha, Coturnix, 97

erythrorhynchum, Cryptoplectron, 97

erythrorhynchus, Ptilopachus, 104
Erythroscelus, 264
erythrothalmus, Euplocomus, 116
erythrothorax, Gallinula, 185
erythrothorax, Porzana, 185
Esacus, 297

ethelae, Larus, 322
etoschae, Afrotis, 222
etoschae, Eupodotis, 222
Eudromias, 256
Eugallinago, 274

Euhyas, 235

Eulabeornis, 179

Eulipoa, 7

Eulophus, 119

Eupoda, 255

Eupodella, 255

Eupodes, 255

Eupodotis, 219, 222
Eupsychortyx, 47

eurhinus, Totanus, 265
eurhinus, Tringa, 265
eurizonoides, Gallinula, 172
eurizonoides, Rallina, 172
euroa, Arboricola, 99

euroa, Arborophila, 99
europaeus, Charadrius, 299
europaeus, Francolinus, 69
eurygnatha, Sterna, 343
eurygnatha, Thalasseus, 343
Eurynorhynchus, 282

INDEX

Eurypterus, 235
Eurypyga, 215
Eurypygae, 215
Eurypygidae, 215
everetti, Turnix, 144
evermanni, Lagopus, 33
Excalfactoria, 95
excalfactoria, Coturnix, 95
exilis, Laterallus, 190
exilis, Rallus, 190
exquisita, Coturnicops, 193
exquisita, Porzana, 193
exsul, Cursorius, 299
exsul, Hypotaenidia, 162
exsul, Rallus, 162

exsul, Sterna, 339

faeroeensis, Capella, 276
faeroeensis, Telmatias, 276
fagani, Chamaepetes, 22
falcinellus, Limicola, 287
faleinellus, Scolopax, 287
Falcipennis, 36
falcipennis, Falcipennis, 37
falcipennis, Tetrao, 37
falki, Alectoris, 65
falklandicus, Charadrius, 251
falklandica, Megalestris, 310
fallax, Alectoris, 65
fasciatus, Hemipodius, 147
fasciatus, Ortyx, 46
fasciatus, Phasianus, 115
fasciatus, Philortyx, 46
fasciata, Rallina, 171
fasciatus, Rallus, 171
fasciata, Turnix, 147
fasciolata, Crax, 11
featherstonii, Rallus, 181
fedoa, Limosa, 264

fedoa, Scolopax, 264

ferox, Otis, 224
ferrugineus, Gallus, 118
ferrugineus, Tetrao, 118
ferruginea, Tringa, 286
filipina, Porzana, 186
finschi, Francolinus, 76
finschi, Haematopus, 233
fischeri, Francolinus, 81
fitzgeraldi, Attagis, 307
fitzroyi, Porzana, 183
fitzroyi, Rostratula, 230
flavipes, Scolopax, 266

flavipes, Tringa, 266
flavirostris, Fulica, 207
flavirostra, Gallinula, 182
flavirostra, Limnocorax, 182
flavirostris, Rynchops, 350
flaviventer, Porzana, 185
flaviventer, Rallus, 185
flemingi, Dendragapus, 29
fletcherae, Porphyrio, 209
florentiae, Ptilopachus, 105
floridanus, Colinus, 47
floridanus, Ortyx, 47
fluminea, Porzana, 184
fluviatilis, Chlidonias, 328
fluviatilis, Hydrochelidon, 328
forbesi, Aigialitis, 253
forbesi, Charadrius, 253
forbesi, Rallicula, 174
formosanus, Phasianus, 127
formosana, Rallina, 172
forstenii, Megapodius, 5
forsteri, Bruchigavia, 322
forsteri, Larus, 322

forsteri, Rallus, 165
forsteri, Sterna, 334
Francolinus, 68
francolinus, Francolinus, 68
francolinus, Tetrao, 68
frankii, Amaurornis, 201
frankii, Gallinula, 201
franklinii, Canachites, 36
franklini, Larus, 322
franklinii, Tetrao, 36
frantzii, Ortalida, 20
frantzii, Ortalis, 20
Fratercula, 358

frazari, Haematopus, 231
frazari, Totanus, 267
frenata, Scolopax, 276
freycinet, Megapodius, 6
fricki, Francolinus, 74
frommi, Numida, 136
frontalis, Anarhynchus, 257
frontata, Gallinula, 203
fiilleborni, Glareola, 304
fuertaventurae, Chlamydotis, 220
fuertaventurae, Houbara, 220
Fulica, 211

fulica, Colymbus, 214
fulica, Heliornis, 214
fulicarius, Heliornis, 214
fulicarius, Phalaropus, 292

INDEX

fulicaria, Tringa, 292
Fulicinae, 211

fuliginosa, Canace, 28
fuliginosus, Dendragapus, 28
fuliginosus, Haematopus, 234
fuliginosus, Larus, 314
fuligula, Sterna, 337
fulvus, Charadrius, 244
fulva, Pluvialis, 244
fulvescens, Perdix, 89
fulvicauda, Ortalis, 19
fulvipectus, Callipepla, 46
fulvipectus, Lophortyx, 46
furcatus, Creagrus, 326
furcatus, Larus, 326
furvescens, Perdix, 89
fuscus, Larus, 318

fusca, Porzana, 185
fuscus, Rallus, 185
fuscata, Sterna, 338
fuscicollis, Erolia, 284
fuscicollis, Tringa, 284
fuscirostris, Talegalla, 8
fytchii, Bambusicola, 105

Gabianus, 312
Galachrysia, 303
galapagensis, Anous, 347
galapagensis, Haematopus, 232
galeata, Crex, 205
galeata, Gallinula, 205
galeata, Numida, 134
Galeocephala, 9

Galli, 3

galliae, Perdix, 88
Gallicrex, 202

gallicus, Charadrius, 299
Galliformes, 3

gallinacea, Irediparra, 227
gallinacea, Parra, 227
Gallinago, 274

gallinago, Capella, 276
gallinago, Scolopax, 276
Gallinula, 202

gallinula, Scolopax, 279
Gallinuloididae, 9
Gallirallus, 177
gallopavo, Meleagris, 140
Galloperdix, 106

Gallus, 118

gallus, Gallus, 118
gallus, Phasianus, 118

375

376

gambagae, Francolinus, 73
gambelii, Lophortyx, 45
gardneri, Phasianus, 107
gariepensis, Francolinus, 77
garmani, Gallinula, 205
garrula, Ortalis, 20
garrulus, Phasianus, 20
Gastornithidae, 226
gautemalensis, Corethrura, 171
gayi, Attagis, 306

gedgii, Francolinus, 79
geelvinkianus, Megapodius, 6
gelastes, Larus, 324
Gelochelidon, 329

genei, Larus, 324
Gennaeus, 111

geoffroyi, Charadrius, 254
geoffroyi, Ithaginis, 108
georgi, Glottis, 266
georgiae, Sterna, 333
germaini, Polyplectron, 131
ghigii, Polyplectron, 131
gibbericeps, Balearica, 154
gibraltaricus, Tetrao, 142
gigantea, Capella, 277
gigantea, Fulica, 213
gigantea, Scolopax, 277
gilberti, Anous, 346
gilbertii, Megapodius, 4
gilli, Pternistis, 86
gindiana, EKupodotis, 221
gindiana, Lophotis, 221
gingica, Arborophila, 100
gingicus, Tetrao, 100
Glareola, 303

glareola, Tringa, 267
Glareolidae, 298
Glareolinae, 303
Glareoloidea, 298
glaucescens, Larus, 320
glaucodes, Larus, 323
glaucus, Larus, 320
glauerti, Onychoprion, 338
globicera, Crax, 12
globulosa, Crax, 11
Glottis, 264

gmelini, Phasianus, 127
godmani, Colinus, 48
goensis, Parra, 237
gofanus, Francolinus, 83
goldmani, Coturnicops, 193
goldmani, Porzana, 193

INDEX

goodsoni, Eulabeornis, 165
goodsoni, Rallus, 165
gordius, Phasianus, 122
gossii, Laterirallus, 184
gossii, Porzana, 184
goudotii, Chamaepetes, 22
goudotu, Ortalida, 22
goulburni, Pedionomus, 150
gouldii, Gavia, 322

gouldi, Gelastes, 322
gouldi, Sterna, 338
goweri, Colcloughia, 148
grabae, Fratercula, 359
grabae, Mormon, 359
gracemeri, Lobibyx, 239
gracilis, Cursorius, 301
gracilis, Rhinoptilus, 501
gracilis, Sterna, 335
graeca, Alectoris, 63
graeca, Perdix, 63
graellsii, Larus, 318
grahami, Aramides, 175
grallarius, Charadrius, 297
grantil, Francolinus, 73
granti, Genneus, 114
granti, Numida, 138
granti, Penelope, 13
granti, Rhinoptilus, 302
Graphephasianus, 128
grassmanni, Bonasia, 38
graydoni, Arboricola, 102
graydoni, Tropicoperdix, 102
grayi, Argus, 133

grayi, Argusianus, 133
grayi, Crax, 11

grayi, Eulabeornis, 173
grayl, Penelope, 23

grayi, Pipile, 23

graysoni, Colinus, 48
graysoni, Ortyx, 48
gregarius, Charadrius, 235
gregaria, Chettusia, 235
grenadensis, Fulica, 212
greyi, Gallirallus, 177
greyl, Ocydromus, 177
griscomi, Crax, 12

griseus, Eurynorhynchus, 282
griseus, Limnodromus, 272
grisea, Ortalis, 21

grisea, Scolopax, 272
griseata, Arborophila, 98
griseipectus, Dendrortyx, 42

griseogularis, Ammoperdix, 59
griseogularis, Perdix, 59
griseo-striatus, Francolinus, 82
grisescens, Francolinus, 79
grisescens, Tetrao, 25
grisescens, Vanellus, 236
gronlandicus, Lagopus, 35
groenlandicus, Lagopus, 35
gronvoldi, Gelochelidon, 330
grombczewskii, Tetraogallus, 62
grotei, Francolinus, 81
Grues, 150 ,

Gruidae, 150

Gruiformes, 141

Gruinae, 150

Gruoidea, 150

Grus, 150

grus, Ardea, 151

grus, Grus, 151

grylle, Alea, 354

grylle, Cepphus, 354
gryseiventris, Tetrastes, 37
guami, Gallinula, 204
guatemalensis, Amaurolimnas, 171
guineae, Sterna, 340
gujanensis, Odontophorus, 52
gujanensis, Tetrao, 52
gularis, Francolinus, 70
gularis, Perdix, 70

gularis, Rallus, 163, 170
gunni, Larus, 322

gurae, Francolinus, 83
guttata, Arborophila, 99
guttatus, Odontophorus, 55
guttata, Ortalis, 18

guttata, Ortyx, 55

guttata, Penelope, 18
Guttera, 137

guttifer, Pseudototanus, 268
guttifer, Totanus, 268
gutturalis, Aramides, 175
gutturalis, Francolinus, 74
gutturalis, Perdix, 74
gwendolenae, Sterna, 342
gwendolenae, Thalasseus, 342
gwendolenae, Zonifer, 242
Gyges, 348

Gygis, 348

Gygisterna, 331

Gymnocrex, 177
gymnostoma, Jacana, 228
gymnostoma, Parra, 228

INDEX

377

Habropteryx, 178
Habroptila, 178
haemastica, Limosa, 263
haemastica, Scolopax, 263
Haematopodidae, 231
Haematopus, 231
haematopus, Himantornis, 180
Haematortyx, 104
hagenbecki, Phasianus, 125
halodramus, Thalasseus, 342
hamiltonii, Gennaeus, 112
hamiltonii, Phasianus, 112
Hapalocrex, 182
hardwickii, Capella, 275
hardwickii, Gallinago, 274
hardwickii, Scolopax, 275
haringtoni, Gennaeus, 115
harmani, Crossoptilon, 111
harterti, Lobibyx, 239
harterti, Pternistis, 84
hartingi, Rhinoptilus, 301
hartlaubii, Falcipennis, 36
hartlaubi, Francolinus, 80
hartlaubii, Larus, 323
hartlaubu, Lissotis, 225
hartlaubii, Otis, 225
harwoodi, Francolinus, 78
haughtoni, Totanus, 268
hauxwelli, Laterallus, 192
hauxwelli, Porzana, 181, 192
hecki, Crax, 12

hectori, Gallirallus, 178
hectori, Ocydromus, 178
heermanni, Larus, 314
heinrichi, Scolopax, 279
Helenaegialus, 246
helgolandica, Uria, 353
helias, Ardea, 216

helias, Eurypyga, 216
Heliopais, 214

Heliornis, 214
Heliornithes, 213
Heliornithidae, 213

helius, Rallus, 158

helleri, Francolinus, 80
helvetica, Charadrius, 243
helveticus, Lagopus, 32
helveticus, Tetrao, 32
Hemiparra, 236
hemprichii, Larus, 314
hemptinnii, Phasianus, 126
hendersoni, Limnodromus, 272

_ 378

hendersoni, Porzana, 184
henrici, Arboricola, 100
henrici, Arborophila, 100
henrici, Francolinus, 69
henrici, Tetraogallus, 61
Hermosiornidae, 216
hesperius, Charadrius, 249
Heteractitis, 270
Heteropygia, 282
Heteroscelus, 270
Heterotetrax, 223

Heterotis, 223

heuglini, Francolinus, 79
heuglini, Larus, 317
heuglinii, Neotis, 219
heuglinii, Otis, 219

heyi, Ammoperdix, 59

heyi, Perdix, 59

Hiaticula, 245

hiaticula, Charadrius, 247
hiaticula, Tringa, 247
hibernans, Rallus, 161
hibernicus, Lagopus, 30
hibernicus, Tetrao, 30
Hierophasis, 115
hildebrandti, Francolinus, 81
hilgerti, Otis, 221

hilgerti, Lophotis, 221
himalayensis, Tetraogallus, 61
Himantopus, 289
himantopus, Charadrius, 289
himantopus, Himantopus, 289
himantopus, Micropalama, 287
himantopus, Tringa, 287
Himantornis, 179
hirundinacea, Sterna, 332
hirundo, Sterna, 332
hispanica, Alectoris, 66
hispanica, Caccabis, 66
hispaniensis, Perdix, 88
histrionica, Coturnix, 93
hoazin, Opisthocomus, 141
hoazin, Phasianus, 141
hochstetteri, Notornis, 210
hodgsoniae, Perdix, 90
hodgsoniae, Sacfa, 90
holdereri, Phasianus, 126
holtemiilleri, Pternistis, 87
Homoscolopax, 277
hopkinsoni, Bambusicola, 106
Hoplopterus, 241
Hoploxypterus, 241

INDEX

horni, Sterna, 339
horsbrughi, Turnix, 144
horsfieldii, Euplocomus, 112
horsfieldii, Gallophasis, 112
horsfieldii, Gennaeus, 112
horvathi, Colinus, 51
horvathi, Eupsychortyx, 51
hottentottus, Hemipodius, 145
hottentotta, Turnix, 145
Houbara, 220

houbara, Otis, 220
Houbaropsis, 225

Houppifer, 116

Houppifera, 116

howardi, Dendragapus, 29
hubbardi, Francolinus, 72
hudsonicus, Numenius, 261
huegeli, Coenocorypha, 273
huegeli, Gallinago, 273
humboldtii, Francolinus, 86
humboldtii, Pternistis, 86
humei, Caccabis, 65

humiae, Callophasis, 129
humiae, Syrmaticus, 129
humilis, Eupodotis, 223
humilis, Ortygonax, 169
humilis, Rallus, 169

humilis, Sypheotides, 223
huonensis, Megapodius, 6
Huttonena, 167
hwanghoensis, Caccabis, 66
hybrida, Chlidonias, 327
hybrida, Hemiparra, 237
hybrida, Sterna, 327
Hydralector, 227
Hydrochelidon, 327
Hydrophasianus, 227
Hydrophasis, 228
Hydroprogne, 330
Hylobrontes, 39
hyperboreus, Lagopus, 32
hyperboreus, Larus, 320
hyperborea, Tringa, 292
hyperborea, Uria, 353
hyperythra, Arborophila, 102
hyperythra, Bambusicola, 102
hyperythrus, Odontophorus, 54
hypoleucos, Actitis, 269
hypoleucus, Brachyramphus, 355
hypoleucus, Colinus, 50
hypoleucus, Eupsychortyx, 50
hypoleucos, Tringa, 269

hypomelus, Charadrius, 243
hypomelaena, Jacana, 229
hypomelaena, Parra, 229
hypopius, Rhynchortyx, 58
Hyporallus, 157
hypospodius, Dendrortyx, 43
Hypotaenidia, 163

iacupema, Penelope, 12
iamasigi, Scolopax, 278
Ibiderhyncha, 288
Ibidorhynchinae, 288
ichthyaetus, Larus, 321
icterorhynchus, Francolinus, 78
ignita, Lophura, 117
ignitus, Phasianus, 117
ijimae, Phasianus, 129
ijimae, Syrmaticus, 129
Tliornis, 264

ilustris, Porzana, 183
illustris, Rhinoptilus, 301
imitatrix, Procelsterna, 345
immaculata, Gallinula, 186
immaculata, Porzana, 186
impejanus, Lophophorus, 110
impejanus, Phasianus, 110
impennis, Alea, 351
impennis, Pinguinus, 351
imperator, Hydroprogne, 331
imperialis, Chubbia, 277
imperialis, Gallinago, 277
imperialis, Hierophasis, 116
inabaénsis, Graphophasianus, 129
inca, Larosterna, 344

inca, Sterna, 344

incanus, Heteroscelus, 270
incana, Scolopax, 270
incertus, Charadrius, 251
incerta, Sterna, 335
incognitus, Tetraogallus, 62
incommoda, Crax, 11
indicus, Burhinus, 295
indica, Chlidonias, 327
indica, Gallinula, 203
indicus, Lobivanellus, 238
indicus, Metopidius, 228
indicus, Oedicnemus, 295
indica, Otis, 225

indica, Parra, 228

indicus, Porphyrio, 208
indicus, Rallus, 161

indica, Sypheotides, 225

INDEX

indica, Tringa, 238

indica, Viralva, 327

inepta, Megacrex, 179
inermis, Numida, 135
infuscatus, Pternistis, 87
infuscata, Sterna, 339

ingae, Thinocorus, 307
inglisi, Cryptoplectron, 98
inglisi, Microperdix, 98
ingrami, Fulica, 211
ingrami, Poliolimnas, 199
innominata, Sterna, 340
innotata, Capella, 277
inocellatus, Polyplectrum, 130
inopinatus, Chalcurus, 130
inopinata, Coturnix, 92
inoptatus, Limnopardalis, 170
inoptatus, Pardirallus, 170
inornatus, Acomus, 117
inornatus, Burhinus, 295
inornatus, Catoptrophorus, 269
inornatus, Houppifer, 117
inornatus, Oedicnemus, 295
inornatus, Stephanibyx, 240
inornata, Symphemia, 269
inornata, Uria, 353

insignis, Colinus, 48

insignis, Habropteryx, 178
insignis, Rallus, 178
insolitus, Limnopardalis, 169
insolitus, Pardirallus, 169
insulanus, Colinus, 47
insularis, Amaurornis, 201
insularis, Corethrura, 197
insularis, Sarothrura, 197
insularum, Burhinus, 294
insularum, Oedicnemus, 294
insularum, Rallus, 157
intensa, Porzana, 183
intercedens, Alectoris, 67
intercedens, Catharacta, 310
intercedens, Perdix, 67
intercedens, Pternistis, 85
intercedens, Rynchops, 350
intermedia, Ammoperdix, 60
intermedia, Arboricola, 99
intermedia, Arborophila, 99
intermedia, Austroturnix, 149
intermedius, Belonopterus, 236
intermedia, Jacana, 229
intermedius, Larus, 318
intermedia, Meleagris, 140

379

380

intermedia, Numida, 135
intermedia, Ortalis, 19
intermedia, Parra, 229
intermedius, Phasianus, 128
intermedia, Porzana, 183
intermedius, Rallus, 183
intermedia, Rynchops, 349
intermedius, Syrmaticus, 128
intermedia, Uria, 353
interpositus, Francolinus, 70
interpres, Arenaria, 271
interpres, Tringa, 271
interrumpens, Turnix, 146
Icnornis, 206

iranicus, Cursorius, 299
iredalei, Coenocorypha, 273
Irediparra, 227

isabella, Glareola, 303
isabella, Stiltia, 303
isabellina, Amaurornis, 201
isabellina, Rallina, 201
isabellinus, Turnix, 146
islandica, Erolia, 286
islandicus, Numenius, 261
islandorum, Lagopus, 35
islandorum, Tetrao, 35
‘italica, Perdix, 88
Ithaginis, 107

itigi, Pternistis, 85

jabae, Phasianus, 123
jabouillei, Gallus, 118
Jacana, 228

jacana, Jacana, 229
jacana, Parra, 229
Jacanidae, 226
Jacanoidea, 226
jacksoni, Francolinus, 83
jacksoni, Neotis, 218
jacohi, Podica, 214
jacquiagu, Penelope, 14
jacu-caca, Penelope, 16
jacupeba, Penelope, 13
jacupemba, Penelope, 15
jacutinga, Penelope, 23
jacutinga, Pipile, 23
jalapensis, Ortalis, 19
jamaicensis, Laterallus, 189
jamaicensis, Rallus, 189
jamesi, Pedioecetes, 40
jamesoni, Chubbia, 278
jamesonil, Larus, 322

INDEX

jamesoni, Xylocota, 278
janensis, Tetrao, 26
japonensis, Ardea, 152
japonensis, Grus, 152
japonica, Capella, 274
japonica, Coturnix, 92
japonicus, Lagopus, 33
japonica, Spilura, 274
jardinei, Gallinula, 194
javanica, Amaurornis, 202
javanica, Arborophila, 101
javanica, Chlidonias, 528
javanica, Gallinula, 202
javanica, Sterna, 328
javanicus, Tetrao, 101
javanica, Turnix, 147
jebelensis, Cursorius, 300
jenisseensis, Lyrurus, 27
jentinki, Hypotaenidia, 166
jerdoni, Aigialitis, 248
jerdoni, Charadrius, 248
jobiensis, Megapodius, 5
jobiensis, Talegalla, 8
johnstoni, Francolinus, 81
jonesi, Gennaeus, 114
jordansi, Burhinus, 294
joretiana, Pucrasia, 120
jourdaini, Phalaropus, 292
jouyi, Rallus, 163
jubaensis, Francolinus, 73
jubatus, Rhynochetos, 215
jugularis, Francolinus, 76
juva, Limnocinclus, 284

kalahari, Francolinus, 77
kalaharica, Afrotis, 222
kalaharica, Scleroptila, 77
kamschaticus, Tetrao, 26
kamtchatchensis, Gavina, 315
kamtschatkensis, Lagopus, 30
kamtschatschensis, Gavina, 315
kamtschatschensis, Larus, 315
kapitensis, Francolinus, 82
kapustini, Lagopus, 30
karelicus, Tetrao, 25

karpowi, Phasianus, 125
katsumatae, Polyplectron, 131
kelloggae, Lagopus, 34

kempi, Sterna, 336

keniensis, Francolinus, 82
keniensis, Pternistis, 87

keniensis, Ptilopachus, 105
Kentrophorina, 207
kermadeci, Megalopterus, 347
kermadeci, Onychoprion, 338
kermadeci, Procelsterna, 345
kermadeci, Sterna, 338
kiangsuensis, Phasianus, 125
kikuyuensis, Francolinus, 76
kilimensis, Pternistes, 87
kingi, Gabianus, 312
kioloides, Gallinula, 180
kioloides, Mentocrex, 180
kirkii, Francolinus, 73
kirthari, Alectoris, 64
kitthtzi, Gygis, 349
Kittlitzia, 188

kiusiuensis, Phasianus, 128
kleini, Alectoris, 63

klossi, Rallicula, 173
klossovskii, Phasianus, 123
knudseni, Himantopus, 290
koenigi, Alectoris, 67
koenigi, Caccabis, 67
k6nigseggi, Francolinus, 79
kolymensis, Tetrao, 26
kolymensis, Tetrastes, 38
komarowil, Phasianus, 122
komensis, Lagopus, 32
kordofanensis, Cursorius, 299
koreensis, Lyrurus, 28
korejewi, Otis, 217

korejewi, Rallus, 161

koreni, Lagopus, 30

kori, Choriotis, 220

kori, Otis, 220

koroviakovi, Alectoris, 64
koroviakovi, Caccabis, 64
korustes, Sterna, 335
kozlowae, Lagopus, 31
koslowi, Perdix, 90

koslowi, Tetraogallus, 62
kotzbui, Rissa, 325

krebsi, Pternistes, 86
kuehni, Hypotaenidia, 166
kuehni, Rallus, 166
kukunoorensis, Perdix, 90
kumlieni, Larus, 316
kurdestanica, Alectoris, 64
kureikensis, Tetrao, 25
kurilensis, Arquatella, 285
kurilensis, Erolia, 285
kurilensis, Lagopus, 33

INDEX

kuro, Phasianus, 127
kuseri, Ithaginis, 108

labradorius, Canachites, 36
lachrymans, Uria, 352

lactea, Glareola, 306
lacteolus, Cepphus, 353
ladoensis, Ptilopachus, 105
lafayetii, Gallus, 119
lafresnayanus, Gallirallus, 168

381

lafresnayanus, Tricholimnas, 168

Lagopus, 29
lagopus, Lagopus, 30
lagopus, Tetrao, 30

lampronotus, Belonopterus, 236

lampronotus, Charadrius, 236
landbecki, Ortygonax, 169
landbecki, Rallus, 169
langi, Francolinus, 77
langi, Scleroptila, 77
languens, Sarothrura, 196
laotinus, Arborophila, 99
lapérouse, Megapodius, 7
lapponica, Limosa, 264
lapponica, Scolopax, 264
Lari, 309

Laridae, 312

Larinae, 312

Larosterna, 344

Larus, 313

latens, Aramides, 175
lateralis, Afribyx, 240
lateralis, Crex, 191
lateralis, Laterallus, 191
lateralis, Vanellus, 240
Laterallus, 189

lathami, Alectura, 8
lathami, Francolinus, 71
lathami, Phasianus, 112
laticauda, Bartramia, 259
latifrons, Sarciophorus, 243
latreillii, Attagis, 306
laubmanni, Alectoris, 66
lavrovi, Chroicocephalus, 323
layardi, Megapodius, 7
leggei, Chlidonias, 327
leggei, Turnix, 146
lehmanni, Pternistis, 86
Leimonites, 282

Leipoa, 7

lepida, Excalfactoria, 96
lepida, Gallinula, 204

382

Leptodactylus, 258
Leptopus, 258

leptorhyncha, Sterna, 331
Leptoscelis, 258

lepurana, Ortygis, 143
lepurana, Turnix, 143

Lerwa, 58

lerwa, Lerwa, 58

lerwa, Perdix, 58
leschenaultii, Charadrius, 254
lesouefi, Eulabeornis, 164
lesouefi, Rallus, 164
Leucanous, 348

leucauchen, Grus, 152
leucocephala, Cladorhynchus, 290
leucocephalus, Himantopus, 289
leucocephala, Recurvirostra, 290
leucogastra, Ortalis, 19
leucogastra, Penelope, 19
leucogaster, Turnix, 149
leucogeranus, Grus, 153
leucolaemus, Odontophorus, 55
leucolophos, Penelope, 22
leucomelana, Amaurornis, 202
leucomelana, Gallinula, 202
leucomelanos, Gennaeus, 112
leucomelanos, Phasianus, 112
leucoparaeus, Francolinus, 86
leucoparaeus, Pternistis, 86
leucopareia, Sterna, 327
Leucophaeus, 312
leucophaeus, Rallus, 158
leucophrys, Dendrortyx, 43
leucophrys, Ortyx, 43
leucophrys, Poliolimnas, 198
leucophrys, Porzana, 198
leucophthalmus, Larus, 314
leucopodus, Haematopus, 234
leucopogon, Colinus, 50
leucopogon, Ortyx, 50
Leucopolius, 246

leucopolius, Charadrius, 246
leucoprora, Pavoncella, 288
leucoprosopon, Lophortyx, 46
leucoptera, Chlidonias, 328
leucoptera, Fulica, 213
leucoptera, Hemiparra, 237
leucopterus, Lagopus, 31
leucopterus, Larus, 320
leucoptera, Prosobonia, 259
leucoptera, Psophia, 156
leucoptera, Sterna, 328

INDEX

leucoptera, Tringa, 259
leucopterus, Vanellus, 237
leucopyrrhus, Laterallus, 192
leucopyrrhus, Rallus, 192
leucoscepus, Francolinus, 86
leucoscepus, Pternistis, 86
leucospila, Corethrura, 173
leucospila, Rallicula, 173
leucotis, Ortyx, 50
leucotis, Colinus, 50
leucurus, Charadrius, 235
leucura, Chettusia, 235
leucurum, Crossoptilum, 111
leucurus, Lagopus, 35
leucurus, Tetrao, 35
levaillantii, Francolinus, 76
levaillantii, Perdix, 76
levipes, Rallus, 159
levraudi, Laterallus, 191
levraudi, Porzana, 191
lewisi, Gennaeus, 113
leylandi, Colinus, 50
leylandi, Ortyx, 50

lhuysii, Lophophorus, 110
liberiae, Glareola, 305
lilfordi, Grus, 151

limarius, Rallus, 166
limbata, Glareola, 304
Limicola, 287

limicola, Rallus, 160
Limnobaenus, 182
Limnocorax, 182
Limnocrex, 189
Limnodromus, 272
Limnogeranus, 150
Limonites, 282

Limosa, 263

limosa, Limosa, 263
limosa, Scolopax, 263
limpopoensis, Numida, 137
lindi, Francolinus, 81
lineata, Alecthelia, 197
lineata, Excalfactoria, 96
lineatus, Gennaeus, 113
lineatus, Numenius, 262
lineatus, Oriolus, 96
lineatus, Phasianus, 113
lineata, Sarothrura, 197
lineatula, Excalfactoria, 96. ~
lineolatus, Dactylortyx, 56
lineolatus, Odontophorus, 56
Lissotis, 224

littoralis, Colinus, 51
littoralis, Cursorius, 300
littoralis, Eupsychortyx, 51
livens, Larus, 319
lividicollis, Guttera, 139
lobatus, Lobipes, 293
lobata, Tringa, 239, 293
Lobibyx, 239

Lobiophasis, 118

Lobipes, 292

Lobipluvia, 242
Lobivanellus, 237, 239
lonnbergi, Catharacta, 310
lomvia, Alca, 352

lomvia, Uria, 352
longicauda, Bartramia, 259
longicaudis, Catoptrophorus, 270
longicaudus, Stercorarius, 312
longicaudus, Talegalla, 8
longicauda, Tringa, 259
longipennis, Sterna, 333
longipes, Haematopus, 232
longirostris, Haematopus, 233
longirostris, Perdix, 91
longirostris, Rallus, 159
longirostris, Rhizothera, 91
longitarsus, Totanus, 266
Lophophorus, 110
Lophortyx, 44

Lophotis, 221

Lophura, 117

lorata, Sterna, 340

lorenzi, Phasianus, 121
loricatus, Odontophorus, 54
loringi, Sarothrura, 196
lorti, Francolinus, 74
lovati, Lissotis, 224
lozanoi, Gallinula, 204
luciana, Turnix, 145
lucida, Perdix, 88

lucida, Starna, 88

ludwigi, Francolinus, 77
ludwigii, Neotis, 218
ludwigii, Otis, 218

lugens, Tetrao, 25

lugeus, Crex, 195

lugeus, Sarothrura, 195
lugubris, Charadrius, 240
lugubris, Stephanibyx, 240
lunata, Sterna, 337

Lunda, 359

lunulata, Galloperdix, 107

INDEX 383

lunulata, Perdix, 107
luridus, Ortygonax, 169
luridus, Rallus, 169
Lymnocryptes, 279
lynesi, Choriotis, 219
lynesi, Francolinus, 72
Lyrurus, 26

mababiensis, Afrotis, 222
mababiensis, Dendroperdix, 74
macconnelli, Creciscus, 191
maccormicki, Catharacta, 310
maccormickil, Stercorarius, 310
macdonaldi, Gennaeus, 113
macgillivrayi, Megapodius, 5
macmillani, Coturnicops, 193
macmillani, Ortygops, 193
macquariensis, Rallus, 165
macqueenii, Chlamydotis, 221
macqueenil, Otis, 221
Macrocephalen, 9
macroceras, Numida, 135
macrodactyla, Capella, 275
macrodactyla, Gallinago, 275
Macrodura, 274

macrolopha, Ceriornis, 119
macrolopha, Pucrasia, 119
macrolopha, Satyra, 119
macropus, Pardirallus, 169
Macrorhamphus, 272
macrorhynchus, Lagopus, 32
macrotarsa, Gelechelidon, 330
macrotarsa, Sterna, 330
Macrotarsus, 301

maculatus, Colinus, 48
maculatus, Limnopardalis, 169
maculatus, Ortygonax, 164
maculatus, Pardirallus, 170
maculatus, Rallus, 170
maculata, Tringa, 284
maculatus, Turnix, 144, 145
macularia, Actitis, 269
macularia, Tringa, 269
maculipennis, Larus, 323
maculipennis, Porzana, 184
macroura, Dendrortyx, 42
macruros, Lagopus, 34
macroura, Ortyx, 42

macrura, Sterna, 333
macrurus, Tetrao, 26
maculosus, Burhinus, 295
maculosus, Hemipodius, 144, 145

384

maculosus, Oedicnemus, 295
maculosa, Turnix, 144
madagarensis, Margaroperdix, 91
madagarensis, Tetrao, 91
madagascariensis, Gallinula, 207
madagascariensis, Numenius, 262
madagascariensis, Porphyrio, 207
madagascariensis, Rallus, 162
madagascariensis, Scolopax, 262
maderensis, Caccabis, 66
maedaius, Phasianus, 127
magellanica, Capella, 277
magellanicus, Scolopax, 276
magna, Alectoris, 66

magna, Caccabis, 66

magnifica, Turnix, 148
magnirostris, Burhinus, 297
magnirostris, Charadrius, 297
magnirostris, Gallinula, 203
magnirostris, Oedicnemus, 298
magnirostris, Orthorhamphus, 298
magnirostris, Sterna, 329
maharao, Francolinus, 71
maior, Lagopus, 31

major, Afribyx, 240

major, Eurypyga, 215

major, Fulica, 213

major, Laroides, 315

major, Larus, 315

major, Lerwa, 59

major, Lissotis, 225

major, Lobivanellus, 240

major, Numida, 135

major, Penelope, 15

major, Ptilopachus, 105

major, Tetrao, 24

makondorum, Guttera, 1388
malacensis, Pavo, 131
malacensis, Polyplectron, 131
malacophaga, Haematopus, 232
malarbaricus, Charadrius, 243
malarbarica, Lobipluvia, 248
maldivarum, Glareola, 304
maleo, Macrocephalon, 9
malouinus, Attagis, 307
malouinus, Tetrao, 307
mandellii, Arborophila, 100
mandtii, Cepphus, 354

mandtii, Uria, 354

mangle, Aramides, 174

mangle, Gallinula, 174
manipurensis, Cryptoplectron, 98

INDEX

manipurensis, Perdicula, 98
mantchuricum, Crossoptilon, 110
mantelli, Notornis, 210
Mantellornis, 210

mantoui, Lophophorus, 110
marail, Penelope, 13

marail, Phasianus, 13
maranensis, Francolinus, 82
marchei, Glareola, 305
marchei, Numida, 134
marcusi, Anoiis, 347

marcusi, Micranous, 347
margaritae, Alectoris, 63
Margaroperdix, 91
marginalis, Aenigmatolimnas, 197
marginalis, Porzana, 197
marginatus, Charadrius, 250
Marianornis, 142

marinus, Larus, 320
marionensis, Chionis, 309
maritima, Erolia, 285
maritima, Tringa, 285
marmoratus, Brachyramphus, 355
marmoratus, Colymbus, 355
marmoratus, Odontophorus, 52
marmoratus, Ortyx, 52
marngli, Charadrius, 255
Maroturnia, 91

martinica, Fulica, 206
martinica, Porphyrula, 206
marungensis, Numida, 136
masaaki, Turnix, 144
massena, Ortyx, 57
Mathewsena, 150

mathewsi, Sterna, 336
Mathewsia, 150

matsudairae, Catharacta, 311
Matthewsia, 150

mattingleyi, Haematopus, 233
mauri, Ereunetes, 281
maxima, Numida, 136
maxima, Sterna, 342
maximus, Thalasseus, 342
mayri, Rallicula, 173

mayri, Rallus, 162

mecealli, Ortalida, 19
meade-waldoi, Haematopus, 233
mearnsi, Cyrtonyx, 57
mearsi, Gennaeus, 112
mechowi, Aegialitis, 249
mecranensis, Francolinus, 70
media, Capella, 275

INDEX

medius, Odontophorus, 52
medius, Phasianus, 122

media, Scolopax, 275

media, Sterna, 343

meeki, Poliolimnas, 198

meeki, Porzana, 198
Megacephalon, 9

Megacrex, 179

megala, Capella, 275

megala, Gallinago, 275
Megalestris, 309

Megalopterus, 346

Megalornis, 150

Megapodiidae, 3

Megapodius, 3

Megathelia, 3

meiffrenii, Ortyxelos, 149
meiffrenii, Turnix, 149
meinertzhagenae, Coenocorypha, 273
melanauchen, Sterna, 336
melanocephala, Alectoris, 67
melanocephala, Arenaria, 272
melanocephalus, Larus, 323
melanocephalus, Lobivanellus, 237
melanocephala, Perdix, 63, 67
melanocephalus, Phasianus, 109
melanocephalus, Strepsilas, 272
melanocephalus, Tylibyx, 237
melanocephalus, Tragopan, 109
melanogaster, Hemipodius, 148
melanogaster, Lissotis, 224
melanogaster, Otis, 224
melanogaster, Pternistes, 86
melanogaster, Sterna, 336
melanogaster, Turnix, 148
melanogenys, Anoiis, 347
melanoleuca, Scolopax, 266
melanoleuca, Tringa, 266
melanonotus, Francolinus, 69
melanonotus, Odontophorus, 54
Melanoperdix, 91
melanophaius, Laterallus, 191
melanophaius, Rallus, 191
melanops, Anoiis, 348
melanops, Charadrius, 255
melanops, Elseyornis, 255
melanops, Porphyriops, 199
melanops, Rallus, 199
melanops, Sterna, 327
melanopterus, Charadrius, 240
melanopterus, Porphyrio, 208
melanopterus, Stephanibyx, 240

385

melanoptera, Sterna, 337
melanopygia, Jacana, 229
melanopygia, Parra, 229
melanorhynchus, Bruchigavia, 323
melanorhynchus, Larus, 323
melanorhyncha, Sterna, 335
melanorhyncha, Sternula, 335
melanothorax, Perdix, 89
melanotos, Erolia, 284
melanotus, Euplocomus, 112
melanotus, Gennaeus, 112
melanotis, Odontophorus, 53
melanotus, Porphyrio, 209
melanotos, Tringa, 284
melanuroides, Limosa, 263
melanurus, Himantopus, 299
meleagrides, Agelastes, 134
Meleagrididae, 139
Meleagris, 139

meleagris, Cyrtonyx, 57
meleagris, Numida, 134
meleagris, Odontophorus, 57
meleagris, Phasianus, 134
mellori, Eulabeornis, 165
melodus, Charadrius, 248
melvillensis, Austrotis, 220
melvillensis, Coturnix, 94
melvillensis, Hsacus, 298
melvillensis, Eulabeornis, 179
melvillensis, lrediparra, 227
melvillensis, Megapodius, 5
melvillensis, Turnix, 148
melvilli, Eulabeornis, 179
Mentocrex, 180
meridionalis, Eurypyga, 215
meridionalis, Gelochelidon, 329
meridionalis, Mormon, 359
merlini, Tropicoperdix, 103
merriami, Cyrtonyx, 57
merriami, Meleagris, 140
mertoni, Porphyrio, 209
meruensis, Cursorius, 300
Mesites, 141

Mesoenas, 141
Mesoenatidae, 141
Mesoenatides, 141
Mesoscolopax, 260
Metopidius, 228

mexicana, Aramides, 174
mexicanus, Charadrius, 290
mexicana, Grus, 151
mexicanus, Himantopus, 290

386

mexicana, Meleagris, 140
mexicanus, Perdix, 46
meyeri, Hypotaenidia, 164
meyeri; Pucrasia, 120
meyeri, Rallus, 164
michaélis, Ithaginis, 108
michahelles, Larus, 318
michailowski, Phasianus, 123
Micranous, 346
Microcursorius, 299
Micropalama, 287
Microparra, 226
Microperdix, 97
Microplectron, 97
Micropygia, 192
microrhyncha, Gygis, 349
Microsarcops, 237
Microtribonyx, 199
Micruria, 355

mikado, Calophasis, 130
mikado, Syrmaticus, 130
mikado, Turnix, 143
miles, Lobibyx, 239
miles, Tringa, 239
millaisi, Lagopus, 32
millardi, Arboricola, 98
millardi, Arborophila, 98
millei, Pennula, 188
millsi, Pennula, 188
minahasa, Rallina, 172
minima, Erythra, 198
minima, Excalfactoria, 96
minima, Lymnocryptes, 279
minimus, Poliolimnas, 198
minima, Scolopax, 279
minor, Chionis, 309
minor, Colinus, 48

minor, Philohela, 279
minor, Ptilopachus, 105
minor, Scolopax, 279
minor, Stephanibyx, 240
minussensis, Sterna, 333
minuta, Aegialitis, 248
minutus, Anoiis, 347

minutus, Charadrius, 248, 249

minuta, Hrolia, 282
minutus, Larus, 324
minutus, Numenius, 260
minuta, Ortygometra, 184
minutus, Rallus, 184
minuta, Tringa, 282
minutilla, Erolia, 283

INDEX

minutilla, Tringa, 283

mira, Ortalis, 20

mira, Scolopax, 278
mitchellii, Leptopus, 258
mitchellii, Phegornis, 258
mitrata, Numida, 135

Mitu, 9

mitu, Crax, 10

mitu, Mitu, 10

mitu, Ourax, 9

mixtus, Erythrogonys, 256
mlokosiewiczi, Lyrurus, 28
mlokosiewiczi, Tetrao, 28
mocquerysi, Colinus, 51
mocquerysi, Eupsychortyx, 51
modestus, Cabalus, 167
modestus, Charadrius, 257
modestus, Larus, 314
modestus, Rallus, 167
modestus, Zonibyx, 257
molesworthi, Tragopan, 109
molina, Belonopterus, 236
moluccana, Amaurornis, 201
moluccanus, Poliolimnas, 198
molucecana, Porzana, 201
monacha, Grus, 151
monasa, Aphanolimnas, 189
monasa, Rallus, 189
mongolicus, Larus, 317
mongolicus, Lyrurus, 28
mongolicus, Phasianus, 123, 125
mongolicus, Tetrao, 28
mongolus, Charadrius, 253
Monias, 142

monocerata, Alea, 358
monocerata, Cerorhinca, 358
monorthonyx, Anurophasis, 68
montagnii, Ortalida, 14
montagnii, Penelope, 14
montanus, Charadrius, 256
montana, Eupoda, 256
montanus, Tetrao, 32
monte, Gygis, 348
montezumae, Cyrtonyx, 57
montezumae, Ortyx, 57
moquini, Haematopus, 233
morinella, Arenaria, 272
morinellus, Charadrius, 257
morinellus, Eudromias, 257
morinella, Tringa, 272
mortierii, Tribonyx, 200
motmot, Ortalis, 17

INDEX

motmot, Phasianus, 17
muelleri, Rallus, 162
muhamed-ben-abdullah, Pternistis, 87
mulemae, Francolinus, 76
mungi, Coturnix, 94
munroi, Dendragapus, 28
muratai, Falcipennis, 37
murghi, Gallus, 118
murivagans, Creciscus, 190
murivagans, Laterallus, 190
murrayi, Porzana, 188
muthura, Phasianus, 112
muticus, Pavo, 133

mutus, Lagopus, 32

mutus, Tetrao, 32
mystacea, Perdix, 88

nadezdae, Lagopus, 33
Naenia, 344

nahani, Francolinus, 71
nakamurai, Irediparra, 227
namaqua, Heterotetrax, 223
nankaidi, Phasianus, 127
nanshanicae, Perdix, 90
nanus, Hemipodius, 145
nana, Turnix, 145

napensis, Psophia, 156
napoleonis, Polyplectrum, 132
nasicornis, Chionis, 309
natalensis, Francolinus, 77
nattereri, Pipile, 23
naumanni, Fratercula, 358
naumburgae, Pipile, 23
nayaritensis, Rallus, 160
neayvei, Francolinus, 77
nebouxi, Procelsterna, 345
nebularia, Scolopax, 266
nebularia, Tringa, 266
neglectus, Burhinus, 297
neglectus, Esacus, 298
nelsoni, Lagopus, 34
nelsoni, Larus, 320

nelsoni, Sterna, 338
nemoricola, Capella, 275
nemoricola, Gallinago, 275
neobritannicus, Porphyrio, 209
Neocalophasis, 129
Neocrex, 194

Neoglottis, 264
neomelanotus, Porphyrio, 209
Neopisobia, 282
Neoscolopax, 278

387

Neospilura, 274

Neotis, 218

nereis, Sterna, 339
nesiotis, Gallinula, 206
nesiotes, Grus, 152
nesiotis, Porphyriornis, 206
Nesoceryx, 246
Nesoclopeus, 176
Nesolimnas, 166
Nesophylax, 188
neumanni, Gallinula, 203
neumanni, Numida, 135
neveni, Arborophila, 100
nicaraguae, Dendrortyx, 48
nicobariensis, Megapodius, 3
nicolli, Ammoperdix, 59
niger, Anoiis, 346

nigra, Chlidonias, 328
nigra, Crax, 10

niger, Cryptonyx, 91

niger, Haematopus, 233
nigra, Melanoperdix, 91
nigra, Parra, 229

niger, Penelope, 21

nigra, Penelopina, 21
niger, Phasidus, 133

niger, Rallus, 182

nigra, Rallus, 188

nigra, Rynchops, 349
nigra, Scolopax, 231

nigra, Sterna, 328

nigelli, Lophophorus, 60, 61
nigellii, Tetraogallus, 60
nigirius, Charadrius, 249
nigrescens, Rheinardia, 132
nigrescens, Turnix, 147
nigricans, Ortygonax, 169
nigricans, Rallus, 169
nigricapillus, Stercorarius, 311
nigriceps, Choriotis, 220
nigriceps, Otis, 220
nigricollis, Grus, 151
nigricollis, Tetrao, 147
nigricollis, Turnix, 147
nigrifrons, Amaurornis, 201
nigrifrons, Gallinula, 201
nigrifrons, Penelope, 14
nigripectus, Colinus, 48
nigripennis, Capella, 275
nigripennis, Gallinago, 275
nigrogularis, Colinus, 49
nigrogularis, Ortyx, 49

388

nigrolineata, Rallina, 172
nigrolineata, Zapornia, 172
nigrosquamatus, Francolinus, 80
nilotica, Gelochelidon, 329
nilotica, Sterna, 329

nipalensis, Pucrasia, 120
nisbetti, Gennaeus, 115

niveus, Larus, 315

nivifrons, Charadrius, 246
nivosa, Aegialitis, 250

nivosus, Charadrius, 250
nobilis, Capella, 277

nobilis, Euplocamus, 117
nobilis, Francolinus, 83

nobilis, Gallinago, 277

Noddi, 344

nodirostra, Phaleris, 357
non-ultimus, Phasianus, 123
nordmanni, Glareola, 305
norfolkensis, Hypotaenidia, 165
norfolkensis, Rallus, 165
normani, Gelochelidon, 330
notata, Coturnicops, 193
notata, Zapornia, 193
Nothocrax, 9

notophila, Lissotis, 225
Notornis, 210

nova, Arenaria, 271
novaecaledoniae, Turnix, 148
novae-guinae, Irediparra, 227
novae-guinae, Parra, 227

novae hollandae, Hydralector, 227
novaehollandiae, Irediparra, 227
novae-hollandiae, Larus, 322
novae-hollandiae, Lobibyx, 239
novae-hollandiae, Recurvirostra, 291
novaehollandiae, Vanellus, 239
novae-seelandiae, Charadrius, 257
novae-seelandiae, Thinornis, 257
novae-zelandiae, Coturnix, 93
novae-zelandiae, Himantopus, 289
noveboracensis, Coturnicops, 193
noveboracensis, Fulica, 193
noveboracensis, Rallus, 193
noveboracensis, Scolopax, 272
nuba, Neotis, 219

nuba, Otis, 219

nubilosa, Sterna, 339

nuchalis, Glareola, 305
nudicollis, Pternistis, 86
Numenius, 260

Numida, 134

INDEX

Numididae, 133

nutcheri, Coprotheres, 311
nyanzae, Pternistis, 84
nycthemerus, Gennaeus, 114
nycthemerus, Phasianus, 114
Nycticryphes, 230

oahuensis, Sterna, 338
oahuensis, Tringa, 271
oatesi, Gennaeus, 113
oaxacae, Dendrortyx, 43
obscurata, Alectoris, 66
obscurior, Rallus, 163
obscuriora, Hypoteenidia, 163
obscurus, Charadrius, 245
obscurus, Dendragapus, 29
obscurus, Gennaeus, 112
obscurus, Lophophorus, 62
obscura, Lophophorus, 110
obscura, Penelope, 15
obscurus, Pluviorhynchus, 245
obscura, Porzana, 183
obscura, Psophia, 156
obscurus, Rhinoptilus, 303
obscurus, Tetrao, 29
obscurus, Tetraophasis, 62
obsoletus, Rallus, 159
occidentalis, Aegialitis, 250
occidentalis, Cerorhinca, 358
occidentalis, Charadrius, 250
occidentalis, Haematopus, 232
occidentalis, Larus, 319
occidentalis, Numenius, 262
occidentalis, Perdix, 89, 90
occidentalis, Vanellus, 236
ocellata, Agriocharis, 141
ocellatus, Argus, 132
ocellatus, Argusanus, 132
ocellatus, Caloperdix, 103
ocellatus, Cryptonyx, 103
ocellatus, Cyrtonyx, 57
ocellata, Leipoa, 7

ocellata, Meleagris, 141
ocellatus, Oriolus, 147
ocellatus, Ortyx, 57

ocellata, Rheinardia, 132
ocellata, Turnix, 147
ochrogaster, Penelope, 16
ochroptera, Psophia, 156
Ochthedromus, 246
Ochthodromus, 246

ocrophus, Tringa, 267

a

ocularis, Glareola, 305
ocularis, Porzana, 198
oculea, Caloperdix, 103
oculeus, Canirallus, 180
oculea, Gallinula, 180
oculea, Perdix, 103
Odurella, 274
Odontophorinae, 42
Odontophorus, 51
Oedicnemus, 293
oedicnemus, Burhinus, 294
oedicnemus, Charadrius, 294
(£nolimnas, 200

oenops, Laterallus, 191
oenops, Porzana, 191
ogilvie-granti, Francolinus, 78
ogoensis, Francolinus, 83
okadai, Lagopus, 30
oleaginia, Bambusicola, 106
olivacea, Amaurornis, 200
olivacea, Gallinula, 200
olivacea, Penelope, 15
olivacea, Perdix, 98
olivacea, Tropicoperdix, 103
olivaceiceps, Penelope, 16
olivascens, Neocrex, 194
oliveri, Hydroprogne, 331
oliveri, Porzana, 187
oliveri, Porzanoidea, 187
olivieri, Porzana, 186

olivu, Turnix, 148

omissus, Larus, 316
ommaneyi, Gennaeus, 113
omoensis, Numida, 136
Ophrysia, 107

Opisthocomi, 141
Opisthocomidae, 141
Opisthocomus, 141
Opisthodactylidae, 216
opthalmicus, Haematopus, 234
orangensis, Eupodotis, 223
orangensis, Heterotetrax, 223
orbignyianus, Thinocorus, 307
orecta, Lophortyx, 45
Oreophasis, 24

oreophilos, Pluvialis, 244
Oreopholus, 234, 255
Oreortyx, 43

orientalis, Arborophila, 101
orientalis, Gallinago, 275
orientalis, Gallinula, 204
orientalis, Numenius, 262

INDEX

orientalis, Otis, 217
orientalis, Perdix, 101
orientalis, Tetraogallus, 61
orientalis, Tetrastes, 38
orientalis, Tetrax, 217
orienticola, Penelope, 14
Ortalida, 16

Ortalis, 16

Orthorhamphus, 297

ortoni, Penelope, 13
Ortygonax, 168

Ortyxelos, 149

osceola, Meleagris, 140
osculans, Haematopus, 233
osgoodi, Canachites, 36
ostralegus, Haematopus, 2382
Otidae, 217

Otides, 217

Otis, 217

ovambensis, Chapinortyx, 80
ovambensis, Francolinus, 80
oweni, Gallinago, 275
owstoni, Hypotaenidia, 166
owstoni, Rallus, 166
Oxyechus, 234, 246

389

pachyrhynchus, Odontophorus, 53

pacifica, Aramides, 175
pacificus, Gabianus, 312
pacificus, Larus, 312
pacificus, Pareudiastes, 206
pacificus, Rallus, 160, 166
Pagoa, 246

Pagolla, 246

Pagophila, 313

pallasi, Guttera, 138
pallasi, Phasianus, 125
pallescens, Alectoris, 65
pallescens, Caccabis, 65
pallescens, Stercorarius, 312
pallescens, Turnix, 146
palliatus, Haematopus, 231
palliatus, Porphyrio, 208
pallida, Alectoris, 65
pallidus, Caccabis, 65
pallida, Callipepla, 44
pallidus, Charadrius, 249, 250
pallidus, Dendragapus, 29
pallidus, Eupsychortyx, 51
pallidus, Francolinus, 69
pallida, Perdix, 65, 69
pallidus, Rallus, 158

390 INDEX

pallidus, Thinocorus, 307
pallidicincta, Cupidonia, 41
pallidicinctus, Tympanuchus, 41
pallidior, Francolinus, 76
pallidior, Synoicus, 94
pallidiventris, Ortalis, 19
pallidogularis, Glareola, 305
palmeri, Excalfactoria, 96
palmeri, Oreortyx, 43
palmeri, Porzanula, 187
palustris, Porzana, 183
panamensis, Colinus, 50
panamensis, Crax, 12
panamensis, Odontophorus, 52
pantanalensis, Ortalis, 21
panucensis, Ortyx, 48
papillosa, Numida, 137

par, Pelecanopus, 343

par, Thalasseus, 343
paradisea, Anthropoides, 154
paradisea, Ardea, 154
paradisea, Sterna, 333
paraguaiae, Capella, 276
paraguaiae, Scolopax, 276
parambae, Odontophorus, 54
Parascolopax, 278
parasiticus, Larus, 311
parasiticus, Stercorarius, 311
paraterma, Hypotaenidia, 163
Pardirallus, 169
Pareudiastes, 206
Paroxyechus, 246

parryi, Glareola, 305

parryi, Porzana, 198

parva, Fulica, 207

parvus, Numenius, 262
parva, Porphyrula, 207
parva, Porzana, 182

parvus, Rallus, 182
parvicristatus, Ortyx, 51
parvifrons, Gallinula, 203
parvirostris, Aechmorhynchus, 259
parvirostris, Tetrao, 26
parvirostris, Tringa, 259
patagonicus, Thinocorus, 308
Pauxi, 10

pauxi, Crax, 10

pauxi, Pauxi, 10

pauxilla, Gallinula, 205
Pavo, 133

Pavoncella, 288

pavonina, Ardea, 154

pavonina, Balearica, 154
paykulli, Porzana, 186
paykullii, Rallus, 186
pectoralis, Colinus, 48
pectoralis, Coturnix, 93
pectoralis, Leptorhynchus, 290
pectoralis, Ortyx, 48
pectoralis, Rallus, 162, 163, 164
pecuarius, Charadrius, 252
Pediaecaetes, 40
Pediocaetes, 40
Pediocoetes, 40
Pedioecetes, 40
Pedionomidae, 150
Pedionomus, 150
pelewensis, Porphyrio, 208
Pelidna, 282

Peltohyas, 303

pembertoni, Lophortyx, 46
Penelope, 12

Penelopina, 21
peninsularis, Lagopus, 35
Pennula, 188

pentoni, Francolinus, 84
Perdicula, 97

Perdix, 87

perdix, Brachyramphus, 355
perdix, Cepphus, 355
perdix, Perdix, 88

perdix, Tetrao, 88
Pernettyva, 246

peronii, Charadrius, 251
persicus, Phasianus, 122
personata, Heliopais, 214
personatus, Lobibyx, 239
personatus, Lobivanellus, 239
personata, Podica, 214
perspicax, Penelope, 13
peruviana, Aramides, 175
peruvianus, Charadrius, 253
peruviana, Jacana, 230
peruvianus, Oxyechus, 253
peruvianus, Rallus, 161
peruvianus, Thinocorus, 308
petersii, Podica, 214

petiti, Himantornis, 180
petiti, Psammocrex, 180
petrificatus, Ereunetes, 281
petrosa, Caccabis, 67
petrosa, Perdix, 62
petrosus, Ptilopachus, 104
petrosus, Tetrao, 104

pewzowi, Phasianus, 125
Phaeopus, 260

phaeopus, Numenius, 260
phaeopus, Scolopax, 260
phaeopyga, Porzana, 186
Phaetusa, 329
Phalaropodidae, 292
Phalaropus, 292

Phaleris, 357

phasianellus, Pedioecetes, 40
phasianellus, Tetrao, 40
Phasianidae, 42
Phasianinae, 58
Phasianoidea, 24
Phasianus, 121

Phasidus, 183

phayrei, Francolinus, 70
phayrei, Perdix, 70
Phegornis, 258
philadelphia, Larus, 324
philadelphia, Sterna, 324
philippensis, Rallus, 164
Philohela, 279
Philomachus, 288
Philortyx, 46

phoenicurus, Amaurornis, 201
phoenicurus, Gallinula, 201
Phororhaci, 216
Phororhacidae, 216
Phyllopezus, 226

picatus, Haematopus, 233
pictus, Aramus, 155
pictus, Chrysolophus, 130
pictus, Francolinus, 70
picta, Perdix, 70

pictus, Phasianus, 130
picta, Oreortyx, 43

picta, Ortyx, 48

pictus, Tantalus, 155
picturata, Rhyacophilus, 267
picturata, Turnix, 149
pileatus, Anoiis, 346
pileatus, Charadrius, 243
pileata, Penelope, 16
pileata, Sterna, 346
pinetorum, Tetrao, 27
Pinguinus, 351

pinima, Crax, 11

pinnata, Cupidonia, 41
pinnatus, Tympanuchus, 41
pintadeanus, Francolinus, 7 0
pintadeanus, Tetrao, 70

INDEX 391

Pipile, 22

pipile, Crax, 22

pipile, Pipile, 22

Pipilo, 22

pipixcan, Larus, 322
Pisobia, 282

pitanay, Haematopus, 232
placens, Sterna, 341

placens, Sternula, 341
placidus, Charadrius, 252
Plautus, 351

plateni, Aramidopsis, 176
plateni, Rallus, 176
platyrhyncha, Tringa, 287
pleskei, Lagopus, 32

pleskei, Tetrao, 25

plumbea, Crex, 186
plumbea, Lophortyx, 45
plumbea, Porzana, 186
plumbeus, Synoicus, 94
plumbeicollis, Aramides, 175
plumbeicollis, Odontophorus, 53
plumbeigularis, Anoiis, 346
plumbeiventris, Gymnocrex, 177
plumbeiventris, Rallus, 177
plumbiceps, Ortalida, 19
plumbiceps, Ortalis, 19
plumbipes, Coturnix, 146
plumbipes, Turnix, 146
plumifera, Guttera, 137
plumifera, Numida, 137
plumifera, Ortyx, 43
plumosa, Penelope, 14
Pluvialis, 244

pluvialis, Charadrius, 244
Pluvianellus, 258

Pluvianus, 298
Pluviorhynchus, 245
Podasocys, 234, 255

Podica, 213

poeciloptera, Nesoclopeus, 176
poeciloptera, Rallina, 176
poiocephalus, Larus, 321
polaris, Alle, 351

polaris, Plautus, 351
poliocephalus, Gallinula, 208
poliocephala, Ortalis, 19
poliocephala, Penelope, 19
poliocephalus, Porphyrio, 208
Poliolimnas, 197

polionotus, Odontophorus, 52
pollicaris, Rissa, 325

392 INDEX

Polyplectron, 130
pomarinus, Lestris, 311
pomarinus, Stercorarius, 311
pondicerianus, Francolinus, 70
pondicerianus, Tetrao, 70
pons, Charadrius, 249
Porphyrio, 207

porphyrio, Fulica, 207
porphyrio, Porphyrio, 207
Porphyriops, 199
Porphyriornis, 205
Porphyrula, 206

porteri, Heteroscelus, 270
portoricensis, Gallinula, 205
Porzana, 182

porzana, Porzana, 184
porzana, Rallus, 184
Porzanoidea, 182
Porzanula, 187

potanini, Alectoris, 66
powelli, Turnix, 147
praetermissa, Coturnix, 93
praetermissa, Sterna, 340
pratensis, Crex, 181
pratensis, Grus, 152
pratincola, Glareola, 304
pratincola, Hirundo, 304
prattii, Haematopus, 231
prelatus, Diardigallus, 118
prendergasti, Gennaeus, 112
Presbyornithidae, 292
principalis, Phasianus, 122
pritchardii, Megapodius, 7
Procelsterna, 345
Prohaematopus, 231
Prosobonia, 259

provida, Sterna, 336
przewalskii, Perdix, 90
przewalskii, Tetraogallus, 61
psammochromus, Oedicnemus, 295
psammodroma, Charadrius, 247
Pseudogeranus, 150
Pseudoglottis, 268
Pseudototanus, 268
Pseuduria, 354

pseutes, Turnix, 145
psilolaemus, Francolinus, 74
psittacula, Alea, 357
psittacula, Cyclorrhynchus, 357
Psophia, 155

Psophiidae, 155

Pternistis, 84

ptilocnemis, Erolia, 285
ptilocnemis, Tringa, 285
Ptilopachus, 104

Ptiloscelys, 242
Ptychoramphus, 356
ptylorhyncha, Numida, 134
pubescens, Alectoris, 66
pubescens, Caccabis, 66
pucherani, Guttera, 139
pucherani, Numida, 139
Pucrasia, 119

pudibundus, Rhynchortyx, 58
pugnax, Hemipodius, 147
pugnax, Philomachus, 288
pugnax, Tringa, 288

pulchra, Crex, 195

pulchra, Sarothrura, 195
pullus, Anous, 346
pulverulentus, Porphyrio, 210
punctulatus, Pternistis, 85
punctulata, Perdix, 85
purpurascens, Penelope, 12
purpurescens, Penelope, 15
purpureicollis, Alectura, 8
purpureicollis, Talegallus, 8
pusilla, Aethia, 358

pusilla, Coenocorypha, 273
pusillus, Ereunetes, 281
pusilla, Gallinago, 273
pusillus, Megapodius, 3
pusilla, Porzana, 183

pusillus, Rallus, 183

pusilla, Sterna, 340

pusilla, Tringa, 281

pusilla, Uria, 358

pygmaea, Aethia, 358
pygmaea, Alca, 358

pygmeus, Eurynorhynchus, 282
pygmaeus, Numenius, 287
pygmea, Platalea, 282
pyrenaicus, Lagopus, 32
pyronotus, Alectrophasis, 116
pyronotus, Houppifer, 116
pyrrhorrhoa, Gallinula, 204
pyrrhothorax, Charadrius, 246
pyrrhothorax, Hemipodius, 149
pyrrhothorax, Turnix, 149

quarta, Erolia, 285
queenslandicus, Coturnix, 94
queenslandicus, Esacus, 298
queenslandicus, Synoicus, 94

quelpartis, Phasianus, 125
quoyi, Haematopus, 234

raaltenii, Perdix, 94
raaltenii, Synoicus, 94
raddei, Scolopax, 276
raffertyi, Rhinoptilus, 301
rainierensis, Lagopus, 35
Rallicula, 173

Rallidae, 157

Rallina, 171

Ralloidea, 157

Rallus, 157

ramsayi, Burhinus, 297
ramsdeni, Rallus, 160
raperi, Porphyrio, 210
recognita, Melanosterna, 337
Recurvirostra, 290
Recurvirostridae, 288
Recurvirostrinae, 289
recurvirostris, Esacus, 297

recurvirostris, Gidicnemus, 297

reevesil, Phasianus, 128
reevesil, Syrmaticus, 128
refulgens, Lophophorus, 110
regulorum, Anthropoides, 154
regulorum, Balearica, 154
reichenovi, Corethrura, 196
reichenovi, Sarothrura, 196
reichenowi, Numida, 136
reinhardi, Lagopus, 35
reinhardi, Tetrao, 35
reinwardt, Megapodius, 4
reischeki, Gallirallus, 178
reischeki, Haematopus, 233
reiseri, Caccabis, 63
relictus, Larus, 323

reliqua, Hypotaenidia, 163
reliquus, Rallus, 163
rendilis, Numida, 136
repressa, Sterna, 336
resplendens, Charadrius, 242
resplendens, Ptiloscelys, 242
reynaudii, Phasianus, 113
rhaad, Otis, 222
Rhamphosynthlipsis, 356
Rheinardia, 132
Rheinardius, 132

rhenana, Tetrao, 37
Rhinochetus, 215
Rhinoptilus, 301
rhizophorae, Rallus, 159

INDEX

Rhizothera, 90
Rhodostethia, 324
Rhyacophilus, 264
Rhynchortyx, 58
Rhynocheti, 215
Rhynochetidae, 215
Rhynochetos, 215
richardsonii, Dendragapus, 29
richardsonii, Tetrao, 29
ricketti, Arboricola, 100
ridgwayi, Anoiis, 346
ridgwayi, Colinus, 49
ridgwayi, Lagopus, 33
ridibundus, Larus, 323
rikwae, Numida, 136
ripponi, Gennaeus, 114
Rissa, 325

roberti, Porzana, 186
robini, Thalasseus, 343
robinsoni, Alectura, 8
robinsoni, Eulabeornis, 173
robinsoni, Gallus, 118
robinsoni, Rallina, 173
robusta, Perdix, 89
robustus, Totanus, 265
robusta, Tringa, 265
robustiformis, Limosa, 263
robustipes, Phasianus, 127
rochussenii, Scolopax, 279
rocki, Ithaginis, 108
rogersi, Atlantisia, 167
rogersi, Calidris, 280
rogersi, Canutus, 280
rogersi, Coturnix, 94
rogersi, Kulabeornis, 179
rogersi, Hydrochelidon, 328
rogersi, Limicola, 287
rogersi, Melanosterna, 337
Rogibyx, 238

rolli, Arboricola, 101

rolli, Arborophila, 101
Rollulus, 104

roseus, Larus, 325

rosea, Rhodostethia, 325
rosenbergil, Gymnocrex, 177
rosenbergii, Rallina, 177
rosenbergii, Scolopax, 278
rosinae, Leipoa, 7
rossicus, Lagopus, 31
rossii, Larus, 324

rossii, Thinornis, 257
rostrata, Excalfactoria, 96

393

394

rostrata, Turnix, 146
Rostratula, 230
Rostratulidae, 230
rothschildi, Gygis, 349
rothschildi, Irediparra, 227
rothschildi, Phasianus, 126
rottnesti, Cladorhynchus, 290
rougetii, Rallus, 170
rougetii, Rougetius, 170
Rougetius, 170

roulroul, Phasianus, 104
roulroul, Rollulus, 104
rousseaui, Anous, 346
rovuma, Francolinus, 73
royana, Gygis, 348
ruahdae, Francolinus, 72
rubra, Corethrura, 191
rubra, Crax, 12

ruber, Laterallus, 191
rubra, Rallicula, 173
ruberrimus, Creciscus, 191
ruberrimus, Laterallus, 191
Rubicola, 279

tubicola, Perdicula, 97
tubicunda, Ardea, 153
rubicunda, Grus, 153
rubidus, Charadrius, 253
rubidus, Oxyechus, 252
rubigenis, Odontophorus, 58
rubricollis, Charadrius, 247
rubricollis, Perdix, 87
rubripes, Megapodius, 4
rubrirostris, Arborophila, 102
rubrirostris, Crax, 12
rubrirostris, Peloperdix, 102
ruppellii, Eupodotis, 223
riuppelii, Otis, 223

rufa, Alectoris, 66

rufus, Calidris, 280

rufus, Cursorius, 300

rufa, Lophura, 117

rufus, Phasianus, 117

rufus, Rallus, 195

rufa, Sarothrura, 195

rufus, Tetrao, 66

rufa, Tringa, 280

rufescens, Burhinus, 297
rufescens, Limnocinclus, 284
rufescens, Tringa, 288
rufescens, Turnix, 144
ruficapillus, Charadrius, 250
ruficauda, Ortalida, 20

INDEX

ruficauda, Ortalis, 20
ruficeps, Ortalis, 17
tuficeps, Penelope, 17
ruficollis, Charadrius, 255
ruficollis, Erolia, 282
truficollis, Oreopholus, 256
ruficollis, Pucrasia, 120
ruficollis, Trynga, 282
ruficrissa, Amaurornis, 201
ruficrissa, Gallinula, 201
ruficrissa, Ortalida, 20
ruficrissa, Ortalis, 20
ruficrista, Lophotis, 221
ruficrista, Otis, 221
rufifrons, Fulica, 213
rufilata, Turnix, 147
rufinus, Odontophorus, 52
rufina, Perdix, 52

rufinucha, Aigialitis, 254
rufinucha, Charadrius, 254
rufipectus, Arborophila, 100
rufipes, Gennaeus, 114
rufiventris, Chamaepetes, 22
rufiventris, Penelope, 22
rufocinctus, Charadrius, 250
rufogularis, Arboricola, 99
rufogularis, Arborophila, 99
rufopictus, Pternistis, 84
rumicivorus, Thinocorus, 308
rupestris, Bonasia, 37
rupestris, Lagopus, 34
rupestris, Tetrao, 34
rupestris, Tetrastes, 37
russatus, Charadrius, 249, 255.
Rusticola, 279

rusticola, Scolopax, 278
ruvanensis, Cursorius, 300
Rynchopidae, 349
Rynchops, 349
rytirhynchos, Ortygonax, 168
rytirhynchos, Rallus, 168

sabini, Bonasa, 39
sabini, Larus, 326
sabini, Tetrao, 39

-sabini, Xema, 326

sabyi, Numida, 134
saharae, Burhinus, 294
saharae, Oedicnemus, 294
sakhalina, Erolia, 286
sakhalina, Scolopax, 286
salinasi, Laterallus, 190

INDEX 395

salinasi, Rallus, 190

sallei, Cyrtonyx, 57

salmoni, Aramides, 175
salvadoranus, Dactylortyx, 56
salvini, Colinus, 48

salvini, Mitu, 10

salvini, Mitua, 10

samoensis, Porphyrio, 210
sana, Lophortyx, 45
sanctae-helenae, Aégialitis, 252
sanctae-helenae, Charadrius, 252
sanctae-marthae, Chamaepetes, 21
sandvicensis, Gallinula, 204
sandvicensis, Sterna, 344
sandvicensis, Thalasseus, 344
sandwichensis, Pennula, 188
sandwichensis, Rallus, 188
sanfordi, Lagopus, 33
sanghirensis, Megapodius, 4
sanguiniceps, Haematortyx, 104
sanguinolentus, Rallus, 168
saracura, Aramides, 176
saracura, Gallinula, 176
Sarciophorus, 243
Sarcogeranus, 150
Sarcogrammus, 237, 239
Sarothrura, 194

sarudnyi, Francolinus, 69
satscheuensis, Phasianus, 124
saturata, Hypotaenidia, 166
saturatus, Ortalis, 20
saturatus, Rallus, 158, 166
saturata, Scolopax, 278
saturata, Turnix, 144
saturatior, Ptilopachus, 104
saturatior, Synoicus, 94
satyra, Meleagris, 109, 119
saundersi, Larus, 324
saundersi, Sterna, 340
Saundersia, 313
Saundersilarus, 313

savilei, Lophotis, 221
saxatilis, Alectoris, 63
saxatilis, Perdix, 63

saxatilis, Procelsterna, 345
scapularis, Jacana, 229
schensinensis, Phasianus, 125
schinzii, Erolia, 286

schinzii, Tringa, 286
schistisagus, Larus, 320
schlegelii, Francolinus, 71
schleiermacheri, Polyplectron, 131

schoanus, Francolinus, 73
Schoenocrex, 182

schomburgi, Micropygia, 192
schomburgkii, Crex, 192
schomburgkii, Micropygia, 192
schoutedeni, Guttera, 138
schubotzi, Francolinus, 71
schubotzi, Guttera, 137
schuetti, Francolinus, 81
scintillans, Hemipodius, 148

| scintillans, Phasianus, 128

scintillans, Syrmaticus, 128

scintillans, Turnix, 148

sclateri, Chaleophasis, 110

sclateri, Chlidonias, 327

sclateri, Crax, 11

sclateri, Guttera, 138

sclateri, Lophophorus, 110

sclateri, Micropygia, 192

sclateri, Penelope, 14

scolopaceus, Aramus, 155

scolopacea, Ardea, 155

scolopacea, Eupodotis, 223

scolopaceus, Limnodromus, 272

scolopacea, Limosa, 272

scolopacea, Otis, 223

Scolopacidae, 258

Scolopacinae, 272

Scolopax, 278

scommophorus, Orthorhamphus, 298

scopulinus, Larus, 322

scoresbu, Gabianus, 313

scoresbil, Larus, 313

scoticus, Lagopus, 30

scoticus, Tetrao, 30

scotti, Ocydromus, 178

scottii, Rallus, 157

secunda, Tetrastes, 39

seebohmi, Charadrius, 249

seebohmi, Rhinoptilus, 302

Seena, 331

seena, Sterna, 332

segoviensis, Colinus, 50

seistanicus, Porphyrio, 208

semenowtianschanskii, Tetraogallus,
60

semi-collaris, Nycticryphes, 230

semi-collaris, Totanus, 230

semipalmatus, Catoptrophorus, 270

semipalmatus, Charadrius, 247

semipalmatus, Limnodromus, 273

semipalmatus, Macrorhamphus, 273

396

semipalmata, Scolopax, 270
semipalmatus, Totanus, 269
semiplumbeus, Rallus, 161
semitorquatus, Phasianus, 124
senegalensis, Burhinus, 295
senegalensis, Eupodotis, 223
senegalensis, Heliornis, 213
senegalensis, (idicnemus, 295
senegalensis, Otis, 223
senegalensis, Podica, 213
senegallus, Afribyx, 239
senegalla, Parra, 239

senex, Megapodius, 6
sephaena, Francolinus, 74
sephaena, Perdix, 74
sepiaria, Euryzona, 172
sepiaria, Rallina, 172
septentrionalis, Bonasia, 38

septentrionalis, Graphophasianus, 128

septentrionalis, Phasianus, 121
septentrionalis, Tetrao, 38
serranus, Larus, 322
serrata, Sterna, 338
sethsmithi, Eulabeornis, 165
seth-smithi, Guttera, 138
sethsmithi, Rallus, 165
setosus, Rallus, 168
sewerzowl, Tetraogallus, 61
sewerzowi, Tetrastes, 39
seychellarum, Gallinula, 204
sharpei, Creciscus, 190
sharpei, Dactylortyx, 56
sharpei, Eulabeornis, 179
sharpei, Gennaeus, 113
sharpei, Rhinoptilus, 302
sharpii, Francolinus, 79
sharpii, Grus, 153

sharpii, Stictolimnas, 163
shawii, Phasianus, 124
shelleyi, Francolinus, 75
shestoperovi, Alectoris, 64
sibiricus, Larus, 323
sibirica, Limicola, 287
sibiricus, Tetrastes, 38
sierrae, Dendragapus, 29
sifanica, Perdix, 90
silvestris, Meleagris, 140
similis, Crex, 181

similis, Helodromas, 267
simonsi, Attagis, 306
simonsi, Odontophorus, 53
simonsi, Oreophilus, 256

INDEX

simonsi, Ortygonax, 168
simonsi, Pardirallus, 168
Simorhynchus, 357

simplex, Phaetusa, 329
simplex, Sterna, 329

sinaica, Alectoris, 63

sinaica, Perdix, 63

sinensis, Ithaginis, 108
sinensis, Sterna, 340

sini, Arborophila, 100
sitkensis, Dendragapus, 28
skottsbergii, Procelsterna, 345
skua, Catharacta, 309
slesvicensis, Larus, 323
smithianus, Odontophorus, 55
smithsonianus, Larus, 316
Smutsornis, 301

snowi, Cepphus, 354
socialis, Pluvianellus, 258
séderstr6mii, Odontophorus, 55
soemmerringii, Phasianus, 129
soemmerringii, Syrmaticus, 129
sohokotensis, Phasianus, 124
solitaria, Capella, 274
solitaria, Gallinago, 274
solitaria, Tringa, 267
somalensis, Cursorius, 300
somaliensis, Eupodoris, 224
somaliensis, Numida, 135
somaliensis, Otis, 224
somereni, Sarothrura, 196
sonneratii, Gallus, 119
sonnini, Colinus, 51

sonnini, Perdix, 51
sonorivox, Bambusicola, 106
sordidus, Synoicus, 95
spadicea, Galloperdix, 106
spadicea, Perdix, 106
spadicea, Tetrao, 106

spatzi, Alectoris, 67

spatzi, Caccabis, 67

spatzi, Charadrius, 249
speciosus, Hoplopterus, 241
speciosus, Odontophorus, 54
speciosa, Penelope, 15
sphagnetorum, Perdix, 88
sphagnetorum, Starna, 88
spilogaster, Francolinus, 73
spilonotus, Laterallus, 190
spilonota, Zapornia, 187, 190
spiloptera, Porzana, 184
spiloptera, Uria, 353

spinetorum, Francolinus, 71
spinosus, Charadrius, 241
spinosa, Fulica, 229
spinosus, Hoplopterus, 241
spinosa, Jacana, 229

spixi, Ortalis, 17
spodiostethus, Odontophorus, 58
squamata, Callipepla, 44
squamatus, Francolinus, 81
squamata, Ortalida, 17
squamata, Ortalis, 17
squamatus, Ortyx, 44
Squatarola, 243

squatarola, Squatarola, 243
squatarola, Tringa, 243
stagnatilis, Totanus, 266
stagnatilis, Tringa, 266
stalkeri, Recurvirostra, 291
stanleyi, Porphyrio, 209
Steganopus, 292

stellatus, Odontophorus, 55
stellata, Ortyx, 55
stenoleuca, Fulica, 211
stenura, Capella, 275
stenura, Scolopax, 275
Stephanibyx, 240
Stercorariidae, 309
Stercorarius, 311

Sterna, 331

Sterninae, 327

stewarti, Galloperdix, 106
Stictolimnas, 164

stieberi, Choriotis, 219
stieberi, Otis, 219

Stiltia, 303

stirlingi, Turnix, 148
stoddardi, Cresciscus, 189
stoddardi, Laterallus, 189
stolidus, Anoiis, 346
stolida, Sterna, 345
strasseni, Numida, 134
strauchi, Phasianus, 126
strenua, Callipepla, 44
strenua, Hydroprogne, 331
strenuus, Sylochelidon, 331
streptophorus, Francolinus, 71
striatus, Dendrortyx, 42
striatus, Rallus, 163
striata, Sterna, 335
stricklandii, Chubbia, 278
stricklandii, Scolopax, 278
strophium, Odontophorus, 54

INDEX

strophium, Ortyx, 54
struthersii, Ibidorhyncha, 289
struthiunculus, Choriotis, 220
struthiunculus, Otis, 220
struthopus, Ortalis, 20
stuhlmanni, Francolinus, 72
styani, Pucrasia, 120
suahelica, Guttera, 138
subaffinis, Ortalis, 18
subarquata, Scolopax, 286
subfrontata, Gallinula, 203
Subglareola, 303

subminuta, Erolia, 283
subminuta, Tringa, 283
subminuta, Turnix, 148
subpallida, Alectoris, 64
subpallidus, Caccahis, 64
subrufescens, Creciscus, 192
subruficollis, Tringa, 288
subruficollis, Tryngites, 288
subrufus, Phasianus, 128
subrufus, Syrmaticus, 128
Subspilura, 274
stiehschanensis, Phasianus, 126
sulcirostris, Crax, 11
sulcirostris, Rallus, 166
suluensis, Turnix, 144
sumatrana, Arborophila, 101
sumatrana, Caloperdix, 103
sumatranus, Euplocamus, 117
sumatrana, Lophura, 117
sumatrana, Sterna, 336
superciliaris, Burhinus, 296
superciliaris, Oedicmenus, 296
superciliaris, Ortalida, 18
superciliaris, Ortalis, 18
superciliaris, Penelope, 15
superciliaris, Rallus, 172
superciliaris, Sterna, 339
superciliosus, Anomalophrys, 242
superciliosus, Lobivanellus, 242
superciliosa, Ophrysia, 107
superciliosus, Rollulus, 107
surinamensis, Chlidonias, 328
surinamensis, Sterna, 328
suscitator, Tetrao, 147
suscitator, Turnix, 147
sushkini, Numenius, 262
suschkini, Perdix, 90
suspicax, Stephanibyx, 241
suzuki, Rallina, 171
swainsonil, Perdix, 86

397

398

swainsonil, Pternistis, 86
swierstrai, Chaetopus, 80
swierstrai, Francolinus, 80
swindellsi, Eulabeornis, 165
swindellsi, Rallus, 165
swinhoei, Chlidonias, 327
swinhoii, Euplocamus, 116
swinhoii, Hierophasis, 116
swinhoei, Hydrochelidon, 327
swynnertoni, Pternistis, 86
sylvaticus, Tetrao, 143
sylvatica, Turnix, 143
sylvestris, Cabalus, 167
sylvestris, Ocydromus, 168
sylvestris, Tricholimnas, 168
Sylvestrornis, 167

symonsi, Guttera, 139
Symphemia, 269

Synoicum, 94

Synoicus, 94
Synthliboramphus, 356
Sypheotides, 225
Syrmaticus, 128

széchenyii, Tetraophasis, 62

tabida, Grus, 151

tabida, Megalornis, 151
tabon, Megapodius, 3
tabuensis, Porzana, 187
tabuensis, Rallus, 187
taczanowskii, Tetrao, 25
taczanowskii, Urogallus, 25
tahitiensis, Numenius, 261
tahitiensis, Rallus, 187
tahitiensis, Scolopax, 261
Tahitornis, 157

taigoor, Hemipodius, 146
taigoor, Turnix, 146
taimyrensis, Larus, 317
taiwana, Hypotaenidia, 163
taiwanus, Rallus, 163
takatsukasae, Phasianus, 127
Talegalla, 8

talischensis, Phasianus, 122
tamaulipensis, Creciscus, 191
tamaulipensis, Laterallus, 191
tanensis, Phasianus, 127
tanki, Turnix, 145
tannensis, Poliolimnas, 199
tannensis, Rallus, 199

tarda, Otis, 217

tarimensis, Phasianus, 124

INDEX

tasmanica, Fulica, 211
taylori, Colinus, 47

taylori, Dactylortyx, 56
tectus, Charadrius, 243
tectus, Sarciophorus, 243
temminckii, Cursorius, 300
temminckii, Erolia, 283
temminckii, Satyra, 109
temminckii, Tragopan, 109
temminckii, Tringa, 283
tenebrosa, Gallinula, 203
tenebrosus, Phasianus, 121
tenebrosa, Porzana, 187
tenebrosus, Rallus, 187
tenellus, Charadrius, 249
tenimberensis, Megapodius, 4
tenuirostris, Aegialitis, 250
tenuirostris, Anoiis, 347
tenuirostris, Calidris, 280
tenuirostris, Charadrius, 250
tenuirostris, Numenius, 261
tenuirostris, Rallus, 160
tenuirostris, Sterna, 347
tenuirostris, Totanus, 280
Terekia, 268

tereticollis, Procelsterna, 345
teretirostris, Procelsterna, 345
teretirostris, Sterna, 345
ter-meuleni, Ammoperdix, 59
ternominatus, Charadrius, 252
terrignotae, Tringa, 265
territoru, Tribonyx, 200
testacea, Erolia, 286
testacea, Scolopax, 286
testis, Francolinus, 80
Tetrao, 24

Tetraogallus, 60
Tetraonidae, 24

tetraoninus, Francolinus, 82
Tetraophasis, 62
Tetrapteryx, 153

Tetrastes, 37

Tetrax, 217

tetrax, Otis, 217

tetrax, Tetrax, 217

tetrix, Lyrurus, 27

tetrix, Tetrao, 27

texanus, Colinus, 47
texanus, Ortyx, 47
Thalasseus, 341

thalassina, Sterna, 342
thalassinus, Thalasseus, 342 _

thayeri, Bonasa, 40
thayeri, Colinus, 49
thayeri, Larus, 316
Thinocoridae, 306
Thinocoroidea, 306
Thinocorus, 307

Thinornis, 257

thompsoni, Dendroperdix, 74
thoracica, Aigialitis, 252
thoracica, Bambusicola, 106
thoracicus, Charadrius, 252
thoracicus, Dactylortyx, 56
thoracicus, Ortyx, 56
thoracica, Perdix, 106
thornei, Francolinus, 78
Thryocrex, 189
Thyrorhina, 192
tibatiensis, Sarothrura, 195
tibetanum, Crossoptilum, 111
tibetanus, Ithaginis, 107
tibetana, Sterna, 332
tibetanus, Tetraogallus, 60
tickelli, Arboricola, 99
tickelli, Arborophila, 99
timorensis, Hypsibates, 289
Titihoia, 240

togata, Bonasa, 39

togata, Tetrao, 39
tohkaidi, Phasianus, 127
tokora, Pternistis, 87
tolutilis, Megapodius, 4
tomentosa, Crax, 10
tomentosa, Mitu, 10
Tomirdus, 171

tonkinensis, Tragopan, 109
tonkinensis, Tropicoperdix, 102
torbayi, Charadrius, 247
torda, Alcea, 351

tormenti, Charadrius, 250
tormenti, Sterna, 341
-torquatus, Charadrius, 252
torquatus, Pedionomus, 150
torquatus, Phasianus, 126
torquatus, Rallus, 166
torqueola, Arborophila, 98
torqueola, Perdix, 98
torresii, Thalasseus, 343
toruensis, Numida, 135
totanirostris, Oreopholus, 256
Totanus, 264

totanus, Scolopax, 265
totanus, Tringa, 265

INDEX 399

townsendi, Aphriza, 271
townsendi, Lagopus, 33
townsoni, Gallirallus, 178
Trachelotis, 222

Tragopan, 109
transbaicalicus, Lagopus, 33
transcaspicus, Tetraogallus, 60
transvaalensis, Numida, 137
tregellasi, Charadrius, 247
Tribonyx, 199

tricollaris, Charadrius, 253
tricolor, Charadrius, 242
tricolor, Rallina, 173

tricolor, Rogibyx, 238
tricolor, Steganopus, 292
tricolor, Vanellus, 238
tricolor, Zonifer, 242
tridactylus, Larus, 325
tridactyla, Rissa, 325

Tringa, 264, 280

Tringinae, 258

Tringoides, 269

trinkutensis, Excalfactoria, 95
tristrami, Gallinago, 273
troglodytes, Gallirallus, 178
troglodytes, Rallus, 178
troile, Uria, 352
Tropicoperdix, 102

trothae, Francolinus, 75
trudeaui, Sterna, 334
Tryngites, 288

tschadensis, Francolinus, 79
tschardjuensis, Phasianus, 123
tschegrava, Hydroprogne, 331
tschegrava, Sterna, 331
tschimenensis, Tetraogallus, 60
tschudii, Chamaepetes, 22
tschudii, Ortygonax, 168
tschudii, Pardirallus, 168
tschusii, Lyrurus, 27

tschusii, Tetrao, 27
tsingtauensis, Limnobaenus, 186
tumulus, Megapodius, 5
tundrae, Aigialitis, 247
tundrae, Charadrius, 247
turcestanicus, Phasianus, 123
turcomana, Perdix, 89
turensis, Tetrao, 26
turkestanensis, Sterna, 332
turkestanica, Fulica, 211
turkestanica, Gallinula, 203
turneri, Gennaeus, 113

400

Turnices, 142
Turnicidae, 142
Turnix, 142

Tylibyx, 237
Tympanuchus, 41
typhoeca, Porzana, 185
typicus, Phasianus, 122

ugandensis, Francolinus, 79
uhehensis, Numida, 136
uluensis, Francolinus, 75
umbelloides, Bonasa, 39
umbelloides, Tetrao, 39
umbellus, Bonasa, 40
umbellus, Tetrao, 40
undulata, Capella, 277
undulata, Chlamydotis, 221
undulata, Psophia, 221
undulata, Scolopax, 277
ungavus, Lagopus, 30
unicolor, Chamaepetes, 22
unicolor, Haematopus, 233
unicolor, Mesites, 142
unicolor, Mesoenas, 142
unicolor, Sterna, 346
uniformis, Neocrex, 194
uralensis, Tetrao, 25

Uria, 352

urogallus, Tetrao, 24
urophasianus, Centrocercus, 42
urophasianus, Tetrao, 42
urumutum, Crax, 9
urumutum, Nothocrax, 9
usambarae, Francolinus, 82
ussuriensis, Coturnix, 92
ussuriensis, Lyrurus, 28
ussuriensis, Phasianus, 125
ussuriensis, Tetrao, 28
ussuriensis, Tetrastes, 38
uzungwensis, Francolinus, 82

vafer, Rallus, 158

vagans, Laterallus, 190
vagans, Porzana, 190
vallicola, Callipepla, 45
Vanellinae, 234
Vanellochettusia, 235
Vanellus, 235

vanellus, Tringa, 235
vanellus, Vanellus, 235
vanrossemi, Aramides, 174
vanrossemi, Gelochelidon, 330

INDEX

varius, Gallus, 119

varia, Perdix, 148

varius, Phasianus, 119
varia, Turnix, 148
variabilis, Parra, 228
variegata, Erolia, 282
variegata, Mesites, 141
variegata, Mesoenas, 141
variegatus, Numenius, 261
variegatus, Odontophorus, 55
variegatus, Rallus, 169
variegatus, Tantalus, 261
vegae, Larus, 317

velox, Hemipodius, 149
venustus, Charadrius, 250
veraguensis, Odontophorus, 55
verecundus, Odontophorus, 53
veredus, Charadrius, 255
veredus, Eupoda, 255
veredus, Ochthodromus, 255
vermiculatus, Burhinus, 295
vermiculatus, Oedicnemus, 295
vernayl, Francolinus, 72
vernayi, Ortygornis, 72
verreauxi, Micropygia, 192
versicolor, Phasianus, 127
Vetola, 263

vetula, Ortalis, 19

vetula, Penelope, 19
vicinitas, Tetrastes, 38
victa, Rallina, 172
victoriae, Excalfactoria, 96
vigilantis, Limnopardalis, 169
vigorsii, Eupodotis, 223
vigorsil, Otis, 223
vinotincta, Turnix, 149
violacea, Jacana, 228
violacea, Parra, 228 ©

vipio, Grus, 152

virgata, Aphriza, 271
virgata, Sterna, 334

virgata, Tringa, 271
virginianus, Colinus, 47
virginianus, Ortyx, 47
virginianus, Tetrao, 47
virgo, Anthropoides, 153
virgo, Ardea, 153

viridanus, Lyrurus, 27
viridanus, Tetrao, 27
viridis, Laterallus, 192
viridis, Porphyrio, 208
viridis, Psophia, 156

viridis, Rallus, 192
visitori, Stercorarius, 311
vitiensis, Porphyrio, 210
vitiensis, Porzana, 187
vittata, Sterna, 333
vivida, Tropicoperdix, 103
viangalii, Phasianus, 124
vocifer, Aidicnemus, 296
vocifer, Burhinus, 296
vociferus, Charadrius, 252
volgensis, Tetrao, 25
volgensis, Tetrastes, 37
vulgaris, Francolinus, 68
vulturinum, Acryllium, 139
vulturina, Numida, 139

wagleri, Ortalida, 18
wagleri, Ortalis, 18
wakensis, Hypotaenidia, 166
wakensis, Rallus, 166
wallacei, Eulipca, 7
wallacei, Megapodius, 7
wallacii, Habroptila, 178
wallichii, Catreus, 121
wallichii, Lophophorus, 121
wallichii, Phasianus, 121
watersi, Sarothrura, 197
watersi, Zapornia, 197
waynei, Rallus, 157

welchi, Lagopus, 34

wellsi, Francolinus, 70
werae, Alectoris, 64

werae, Caccabis, 64
whiteheadi, Gennaeus, 115
whiteheadi, Turnix, 143
whitei, Porzana, 184
whitei, Tribonyx, 200
whitesidei, Himantornis, 180
whitlocki, Charadrius, 303
whitlocki, Peltohyas, 303
whytei, Francolinus, 75
wickhami, Gennaeus, 115
wilkinsoni, Eulabeornis, 164
wilkinsoni, Rallus, 164
williamsi, Gennaeus, 113
wilsoni, Catharacta, 311
wilsoni, Ithagenes, 108
wilsoni, Pennula, 188
wilsonia, Charadrius, 254
wolfi, Aramides, 175
woodfordi, Nesoclopeus, 177
woodfordi, Rallina, 177

INDEX

woodi, Megalornis, 152
woodwardi, Porphyrio, 209
worcesteri, Anoiis, 347
worcesteri, Micranous, 347
worcesteri, Turnix, 145

401

wumizusume, Synthliboramphus, 356

wumizusume, Uria, 356
wymani, Larus, 319

xanthospila, Pucrasia, 120
Xema, 326

Xenos, 268

Xenus, 268
Xiphidiopterus, 238

yamashinai, Tetrastes, 38

| yorki, Bruchigavia, 322

yorki, Eulabeornis, 165
yorki, Gallinula, 201
yorki, Hydroprogne, 331
yorki, Megapodius, 5
yorki, Sterna, 335

yorki, Turnix, 144
ypecaha, Aramides, 176
ypecaha, Rallus, 176
Ypsilophorus, 94
ypsilophorus, Coturnix, 95
ypsilophorus, Synoicus, 95
yukonensis, Bonasa, 39
yumanensis, Rallus, 159

zambesiae, Francolinus, 73
zanda, Pagoa, 254

Zapornia, 182

zappeyl, Francolinus, 81
Zapterus, 235

Zarapita, 260

zarudnyi, Phasianus, 122
Zecoturnix, 91

zelebori, Aramides, 168
zelebori, Ortygonax, 168
zenkeri, Sarothrura, 195
zerafschanicus, Phasianus, 123
zetarius, Rallus, 160
zeylonicus, Amaurornis, 185
zeylonica, Porzana, 185
zimmermanni, Sterna, 343
zimmermanni, Thalasseus, 343
Zonibyx, 257

Zonifer, 242

zuluensis, Dendroperdix, 74

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